Wikibooks:Requests for deletion

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== [[Salute, Jonathan!]] and its translations ==

&lt;div style=&quot;column-count: 7;&quot;&gt;
* [[Salute, Jonathan!|Interlingue/Occidental]] ([[w:en:Occidental|w]], original)
* [[Òla, Ionatà!|Audià]]
* [[Holo, Jonathan!|Cristianés]]
* [[Terve, Jonathan!|Ekumenski]]
* [[Hej, Jonathan! (Germanisch)|Germanisch]]
* [[Salom, Jonatan!|Globasa]]
* [[Àlŏ, Jonathan!|Guosa]] ([[w:en:Guosa|w]])
* [[Salut, Jonathan!|Idiom Neutral]] ([[w:en:Idiom Neutral|w]])
* [[Saluto, Jonathan! (Ido)|Ido]] ([[w:en:Ido|w]])
* [[Hallo, Jonathan!|Interlingua]] ([[w:en:Interlingua|w]])
* [[Salut, Jonathan! (Interocidental)|Interocidental]]
* [[Bune Ğonatan!|Lingaust]]
* [[Oila, Jonatan!|Lingue Simple]]
* [[Haloo, Jonatan!|Lingwa de Planeta]] ([[w:en:Lingwa de Planeta|w]])
* [[Sin Chao, Jonathan!|Masa Tang]]
* [[Salut, ionatano!|Meteza]]
* [[Salu, Jon!|Mini]]
* [[Hay, Jonathan!|Mirad]]
* [[Hai, Jon!|Monav]]
* [[Sesan Jon!|Monkel]]
* [[Salam, Jonathan!|Mundeze]]
* [[Dag, Jonathan!|Negerhollands]] ([[w:en:Negerhollands|w]])
* [[Salut Jonathan!|Neo]] ([[w:en:Neo|w]])
* [[Hej, Jonathan!|Nordien]]
* [[Saluto, Jonathan!|Novial]] ([[w:en:Novial|w]])
* [[Salute, Jonathan! (Novlingue)|Novlingue]]
* [[Alo, Jonathan!|Numo]]
* [[Hela, Jonathan!|Proyo]]
* [[Salute, Jonathan! (Romanica)|Romanica]] ([[w:en:Romanica|w]])
* [[Simi, Jonathan!|Solresol]] ([[w:en:Solresol|w]])
* [[Toki a, jan Jonatan!|Toki Pona]] ([[w:en:Toki Pona|w]])
* [[Glidis, o Jonathan!|Volapük]] ([[w:en:Volapük|w]])
&lt;/div&gt;

There are a couple of issues here:

# Beyond their introductions, all of these books are written in languages which are not English, making them out of scope for the English Wikibooks.
# All but one of these books are in fact written in constructed languages, most of them in recently created conlangs. In some cases (e.g. [[Sin Chao, Jonathan!]]), I can't find any reliable sources describing the target language outside of the translation itself.
# Most of the translations (i.e. other than [[Salute, Jonathan!]] itself) were abandoned within the first five or so chapters (out of 100); none of them are complete, and there seems to be little effort to complete any of them.

While I recognize that this is an unusual project, and potentially one which could have some value, it's not at all clear to me that the English Wikibooks is the right place for it. — [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 00:24, 29 September 2024 (UTC)

: I'm really not sure what to do about these ones. While I recognize that this approach is certainly one method of teaching a language, I'm not sure that it constitutes an educational textbook. We do require that the English Wikibooks be written in English—for language-learning books, this typically means that the instructional parts are in English while the exercises are in the language being taught. I do think that if the language doesn't have much supporting evidence outside the book itself, it can safely be deleted. — [[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:01, 29 September 2024 (UTC)

: Author of the book here. I originally wanted to put it in the Interlingue Wikibooks https://ie.wikibooks.org/wiki/Principal_p%C3%A1gine but it somehow got locked when I wasn't paying attention and so I ended up putting it here. Getting it unlocked requires going through the process of starting an Incubator and all the rest so I opted for here and then started putting some English-only content once it was done. It's sort of in the same vein as books like Lingua Latina per se Illustrata that have separate versions with teacher notes and whatnot. [[Salute, Jonathan!/Capitul 1 - with notes]] After it was done the auxlang community really took to it which was a nice surprise. I think Ido has the largest number of chapters at the moment at 15.
:If the vast content of this book could be used to justify a quick reopening of the Interlingue Wikibooks to move it there, I'd love to do that. I imagine that an incubator with 100+ book chapters would be enough to open a Wikibooks and that's what this is. — [[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]] ([[User talk:Mithridates|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mithridates|contribs]]) 06:02, 29 September 2024 (UTC)

: Ah, I just realized that we do have a proposal to reopen the Interlingue Wikibooks: https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Requests_for_new_languages/Wikibooks_Interlingue along with an Incubator page here. https://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wb/ie/Principal_p%C3%A1gine
: How easy would it be to migrate the entirety of Salute Jonathan to there? — [[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]] ([[User talk:Mithridates|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mithridates|contribs]]) 06:30, 29 September 2024 (UTC)

:: Hi @[[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]]! I'm not sure how incubator projects work, but I fully support migrating these books there. You may want to inquire over there and link to this discussion to support your request to move the content over there. Cheers! — [[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 13:16, 29 September 2024 (UTC)

::: Hi! Actually I have a third idea to propose after thinking about this again today (haven't been here much since I finished the book): I noticed that there is more English content than I remember and that might make it an awkward fit for the Interlingue Wikibooks. I definitely agree that having all the auxlang translations for new auxlang projects goes well beyond the scope of this Wikibooks. Finally, there are some auxlangs that are notable with their own Wikipedias.
::: So the idea is the following:
:::# Leave the original here and I can continue the work on the version with English notes and grammar. That will make it the same as Lingua Latina per se Illustrata, English by the Nature Method, Athenaze and all the rest.
:::# The Interlingua one can move to the Interlingua Wikibooks (maybe Romanica too if they want as it is sort of a dialect of Interlingua).
:::# For Ido and Lingua Franca Nova which have a Wikipedia but not a Wikibooks, I'm a little bit unsure...technically they could have their own version like the original one but would require English explanations. I could let them know and see if they are willing to do so and see what they think (work on adding English to the books vs. move the content elsewhere).
:::# The rest can move to a Github repo, then be deleted, and the front page of this book can have a single link to the repo.
::: Any thoughts on that? Adding the extra English content will be easy as it is my book and I know it inside and out.
::: Edit: [https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Salute,_Jonathan!/Grammar_(pronouns) this page] I just added.  — [[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]] ([[User talk:Mithridates|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mithridates|contribs]]) 13:50, 29 September 2024 (UTC)

:::: Thanks for taking the time to consider this! Here are my responses/questions:
::::* Is the original [[Salute, Jonathan!]] (Occidental)? Since that one is quite fleshed out, I agree that if you edit it so the primary language of the book (e.g. headers, instructions, etc) are written in English while leaving the actual story in Occidental, it would be okay and fit in more with instructional language textbooks.
::::* For your points 2 and 3, I'm not sure how those other projects work, so I'll leave it up to them. I'm not quite sure why they would need to move, since in theory they could be revised with English as the language of instruction? Although, they have been left incomplete for a long time.
::::* For your point 4, I have no problem with that. Cheers! — [[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 16:51, 29 September 2024 (UTC)

::::: Hello again, it's the weekend so I have a bit more time to work on this. I've decided to merge the extra content from the following five chapters since the difference is fairly small and the original chapters should now have this English content. Could you delete these five pages now that they are no longer needed? [[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]] ([[User talk:Mithridates|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mithridates|contribs]]) 14:02, 5 October 2024 (UTC)
::::: [[Salute, Jonathan!/Capitul 1 - with notes]]
::::: [[Salute, Jonathan!/Capitul 2 - with notes]]
::::: [[Salute, Jonathan!/Capitul 3 - with notes]]
::::: [[Salute, Jonathan!/Capitul 4 - with notes]]
::::: [[Salute, Jonathan!/Capitul 5 - with notes]] [[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]] ([[User talk:Mithridates|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mithridates|contribs]]) 14:02, 5 October 2024 (UTC)
:::::: [[File:Yes_check.svg|{{#ifeq:|small|8|15}}px|link=|alt=]] {{#ifeq:|small|&lt;small&gt;|}}'''Done'''{{#ifeq:|small|&lt;/small&gt;|}} — [[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:34, 5 October 2024 (UTC)

::::::: Hi again! No luck trying to find a home for the random language translations on other auxlang wikis, can't find one that is actively maintained.
::::::: The thought struck me that maybe I could just put those ones on a sub page of my user page, would that be permitted? If not, I think I'll just stick them somewhere in GitHub and call it a day since none of the people who started the translations seem to care enough to do anything about them. I'd rather not see them outright disappear but since they aren't mine I don't care enough about them to do much more work than copy and paste them somewhere.
::::::: (I would leave the ones in languages with an ISO-639 code and Wikipedia here, of course) — [[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]] ([[User talk:Mithridates|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mithridates|contribs]]) 14:13, 9 November 2024 (UTC)

:::::::: Thank you for checking! I don't personally see an issue with moving them to your user space right now. Cheers — [[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 17:21, 9 November 2024 (UTC)

::::::::: Thanks a lot! I've started a single page where I will put them all here [[User:Mithridates/SJ]] and will proceed slowly due to lack of time and also to avoid stepping on any toes / asking you to delete too much at a time and possibly deleting the wrong content.
::::::::: For this week I have put the content for the languages Audia, Cristianès, Guosa, Lingaust, Mini, Mirad, and Monav on that page as they all have a single page of content and didn't take much time to move. Please delete those. Once they are gone I will add a note on the main page letting people know where they have gone (in addition to a thank you for their interest in the book! I do love how many people have recognized it as a good source material for teaching a language). — [[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]] ([[User talk:Mithridates|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mithridates|contribs]]) 04:09, 10 November 2024 (UTC)

: {{keep}} the translations for languages that have an article on the English Wikipedia, i.e. Guosa, Idiom Neutral, Ido, Interlingua, Lingwa de Planeta, Negerhollands, Neo, Novial, Occidental, Romanica, Solresol, Toki Pona, and Volapük.
: Translations for languages that don't have an article can be kept if they have reliable sources, which I was able to find for the following languages (if you think they are not reliable, please let me know):
:* Globasa: [https://www.languagesandnumbers.com/how-to-count-in-globasa/en/globasa/] [https://greyson.conlang.org/2020/01/29/shouting-out-globasa-and-pandunia/]
:* Mini: [https://jprogr.github.io/mini] [https://www.omniglot.com/language/phrases/mini.htm] [https://www.languagesandnumbers.com/how-to-count-in-mini/en/mini/]
: {{del}} and move to [[User:Mithridates/SJ]] the rest of the translations, i.e. Audià/Audian, Cristianés, Ekumenski, Germanisch, Interocidental, Lingaust, Lingue Simple, Masa Tang, Mirad, Monav, Monkel, Mundeze, Nordien, Novlingue, Numo, Proyo, and Scuian/Meteza. If you can find reliable sources for those languages, please let me know.
: In particular, I could not find resources for Audià/Audian and Monav after searching through 15 and 17 pages on Google, respectively. It doesn't help that [[Òla, Ionatà!|their]] [[Hai, Jon!|translations]] don't explain what those languages are and where to find resources for them. This makes contributing to those translations almost impossible until @[[User:Caro de Segeda|Caro de Segeda]] can provide resources to us. It's possible that the resources may have disappared from the Internet, or that those languages were created by Caro de Segeda him/herself. If you can find resources for Audià/Audian and Monav, please let me know.
: I'm notifying the primary contributors of the translations: @[[User:Caro de Segeda|Caro de Segeda]], @[[User:Frzzl|Frzzl]], @[[User:Greatscotteh|Greatscotteh]], @[[User:IHateNumbers234|IHateNumbers234]], @[[User:Jayeless2|Jayeless2]], @[[User:Morozof|Morozof]], @[[User:Omnihom|Omnihom]], @[[User:Omoutuazn|Omoutuazn]], @[[User:PovriNaivon|PovriNaivon]], @[[User:Sir Beluga|Sir Beluga]] and @[[User:Tyoyafud|Tyoyafud]]. — [[User:EJPPhilippines|EJPPhilippines]] ([[User talk:EJPPhilippines|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/EJPPhilippines|contribs]]) 09:52, 30 June 2025 (UTC)

:: Caro de Segeda said on [https://www.reddit.com/r/conlangs/comments/1lcnz9g/comment/n0sc3wx/ Reddit] that Monav was created by him/her and that he/she didn't publish any resources about it other than [[Hai, Jon!]]. With '''zero''' other resources to rely on for contributing to the translation, and the fact that Monav is in [[User:Mithridates/SJ]], [[Hai, Jon!]] should be speedy deleted. — [[User:EJPPhilippines|EJPPhilippines]] ([[User talk:EJPPhilippines|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/EJPPhilippines|contribs]]) 01:38, 3 July 2025 (UTC)

::: I've undone the speedy deletion as Caro de Segeda posted a [https://prexins.wordpress.com/2025/07/04/monav/ resource] for Monav. — [[User:EJPPhilippines|EJPPhilippines]] ([[User talk:EJPPhilippines|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/EJPPhilippines|contribs]]) 07:18, 4 July 2025 (UTC)

:::: You can delete all the ones that I have created myself, I have already moved them to other places. — [[User:Caro de Segeda|Caro de Segeda]] ([[User talk:Caro de Segeda|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Caro de Segeda|contribs]]) 12:39, 5 July 2025 (UTC)

{{outdent|::::}}I don't know if this is helpful since it wouldn't apply to most of these, but [[s:mul:]] could hold some of these. — [[User:Arlo Barnes|Arlo Barnes]] ([[User talk:Arlo Barnes|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Arlo Barnes|contribs]]) 09:18, 30 November 2025 (UTC)

: I don't think that would be within the scope of that project. I'm not aware of any other situation where Wikisource publishes translations of texts created on Wikimedia projects - that's usually left up to other language editions of the same project. — [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 05:34, 1 December 2025 (UTC)

:: In this situation there isn't a separate [[s:ie:]] distinct from Multilingual Wikisource (see [[meta:Wikisource#List of Wikisources]]). In fact, there are very few multilingual wikis in the Wikimedia sphere; while this project ''could'' move to a Miraheze-hosted or similar wiki farm location, I think it would be a missed opportunity. I suppose an [[Interlingue]] book could be started in [[shelf:Constructed languages]] which would have all 100 chapters as an appendix (and likewise for the other languages), but that also seems non-ideal since it requires an English-language text that doesn't currently exist to be created. [[WB:AT]] seems to describe a similar situation to this one and prescribe Wikisource as the solution, and [[WB:SOURCE]] mentions fiction as out-of-scope for Wikibooks (even as in this case, language-educational fiction). [[s:mul:Wikisource:about Wikisource]] simply speaks of source texts and doesn't mention publication requirements, so maybe that is specific to some of the monolingual editions? — [[User:Arlo Barnes|Arlo Barnes]] ([[User talk:Arlo Barnes|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Arlo Barnes|contribs]]) 22:28, 5 December 2025 (UTC)

:{{keep}} 100% keep. These books are a core part of language textbooks on Wikibooks and have been for years. Not sure why this is even being debated.--[[User:Xania|Xania]] [[Image:Flag_of_Estonia.svg|15px]]  [[Image:Flag_of_Ukraine.svg|15px]] [[User talk:Xania|&lt;sup&gt;talk&lt;/sup&gt;]] 17:55, 16 May 2026 (UTC)

::With all due respect, some of the books included in this nomination (like [[Sin Chao, Jonathan!]]) are written in constructed languages which are not substantially attested anywhere else. I struggle to imagine any educational purpose for such a book. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 00:12, 17 May 2026 (UTC)

== [[International Baccalaureate]] ==

Not actually a book in and of itself; rather, it is just a compilation of links to other books —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:24, 18 October 2024 (UTC)
: Could this be salvaged as a shelf? [[User:Pppery|Pppery]] ([[User talk:Pppery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Pppery|contribs]]) 05:23, 27 January 2025 (UTC)
::Probably, but are the linked books even useful? IB exams change from year to year - sometimes quite dramatically - so an old exam guide is of very limited value. Many of these books were written 10-15 years ago, and some of them (like [[IB French]]) even have comments indicating that they're no longer applicable. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 02:18, 8 December 2025 (UTC)

== [[Character List for Baxter&amp;Sagart]] ==

Seems completely out of scope as an educational book; it's just a list of characters and outlinks —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:53, 18 October 2024 (UTC)

:Adding [[Character List for Karlgren's GSR]] and [[Character List for Schuessler's CGSR]] for the same reason —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:55, 18 October 2024 (UTC)

:These three books do make a package and I agree they should be considered together. However, I strongly object to deleting them. They are really extremely useful resources. I use them every week and I know that many people who do work on Old Chinese phonology do so. There are lots of books out there that are lists of characters, these are called dictionaries. For example Axel Schuessler's ABC Etymological Dictionary of Old Chinese, or Pulleyblank's Lexicon of Reconstructed Pronunciation in Early Middle Chinese, Late Middle Chinese, and Early Mandarin. I see it as entirely a good thing for reference works of this kind to be available free online rather than only in expensive books in university research libraries. If this is in violation of a Wikibooks policy, I would at least like that policy to be drawn to my attention and to have some constructive comment offered about which Wikiproject such a resource should fall under. I will also say on a personal note that I have put literally hundreds of hours of work into these projects and it would grieve me a lot to see this work simply vanish, in particular when I know that colleagues around the world use these books. --[[User:Tibetologist|Tibetologist]] ([[User talk:Tibetologist|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Tibetologist|contribs]]) 07:27, 1 November 2024 (UTC)
::Hi @[[User:Tibetologist|Tibetologist]], and thank you for the feedback! Official Wikibooks policy does not permit standalone dictionaries (see [[WB:DICT]]), though I understand the argument that it is a useful resource. I am wondering if there might be a home for it at [[Wiktionary:Wiktionary:Welcome, newcomers|Wiktionary]] or [[Wikiversity:Wikiversity:SHARE|Wikiversity]]? Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 12:14, 1 November 2024 (UTC)
:::The policy says to use Wiktionary, but these books cannot be moved there. In fact they link there, you can understand me as having made an index to wiktionary, if you like, where the ORDER of the characters is extremely important, information that would be lost in Wiktionary. 
:::Wikiversity is not a project I participate in, and in any event my books here are older than it, so this option was not available for me at the relevant moment. If you are offering to move my books to Wikiversity, that is very kind of you and I will very graciously accept. [[User:Tibetologist|Tibetologist]] ([[User talk:Tibetologist|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Tibetologist|contribs]]) 14:10, 1 November 2024 (UTC)
::::I have pinged over at Wikiversity Colloquium to ask about suitability and have looped you into the conversation over there. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:20, 1 November 2024 (UTC)
::I concur. I'm just an undergrad who tries to learn about Sino-Tibetan historical linguistics in his free time but I've found this wikibook to be incredibly useful, and I keep it open in one tab while I watch Professor Nathan Hill's lectures that he uploads to youtube in another tab, and another tab for taking notes. In fact if I remember correctly Professor Hill actually pointed his students to this wikibook. 
::I'm not familiar with [[wikiversity:Wikiversity:SHARE|Wikiversity]] but if all the content were as accessible there as it is here then I think that could work.  [[User:ChromeBones|ChromeBones]] ([[User talk:ChromeBones|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/ChromeBones|contribs]]) 02:43, 9 July 2025 (UTC)
:Per [[:v:Wikiversity:Colloquium#Import_Resource_From_Wikibooks?]], I recommend copying and pasting, including attribution via the edit summary and talk page, add appropriate categories and links, and then it could be deleted locally. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 22:32, 3 November 2024 (UTC)

== [[Suomen kieli käyttöön]] ==

Multiple pages in this book are written entirely in Finnish, which is out of the enWB scope. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 00:09, 19 October 2024 (UTC)

:I was going to say whether we should ask any fiwikibooks sysop to maybe see if this could be transwikied to fiwb if it's within the scope there. But [[:fi:Toiminnot:Käyttäjät/sysop]] indicates that there are only 3 sysops, and only {{u|Anr}} and {{u|Zache}} have made edits this ''year''. If they deem it to be salvageable, then transwiki + delete, otherwise straight-up delete. --[[User:SHB2000|SHB2000]] ([[User talk:SHB2000|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/SHB2000|contribs]]) 11:24, 14 November 2024 (UTC)
::It seems that the idea behind the book was for the pages to be bilingual, as it’s a language learning book. That’s why there are Finnish texts included intentionally even on the pages that are complete. There are similar books in dewikibooks and ruwikibooks as well. For the English version, I think the easiest way to proceed would be to clean up and adjust the page layout to fit enwikibooks better, and then translate the missing parts. By the way, if anyone wants to update the book’s name in English, it can be titled ''&quot;Using the Finnish Language&quot;'' or ''&quot;Put Finnish Language into Use&quot;'' for a direct translation.   [[User:Zache|Zache]] ([[User talk:Zache|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Zache|contribs]]) 11:57, 14 November 2024 (UTC)

== [[AT&amp;T Mobility FAQ]] ==

* [[AT&amp;T Mobility FAQ]]
* [[AT&amp;T Mobility FAQ/MEdia Net Configuration]]
* [[AT&amp;T Mobility FAQ/Data Connect Configuration]]
An ''extremely'' outdated FAQ on AT&amp;T's cell phone services. Most of this document was written 20+ years ago as a Usenet FAQ; very little of it is accurate or useful anymore (particularly the two subpages, which have to do with obsolete configurations for &quot;tethering&quot; a computer to a cell phone). No objection if someone wants to update it, but there's clearly been no appetite to do that. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 22:20, 30 December 2024 (UTC)

:I'm wondering if it might make sense for us to develop some kind of policy on archiving books here. There are many like this one that have a good deal of content but are extremely out of date and just not useful as originally intended. ——[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 22:34, 30 December 2024 (UTC)
::@[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]]: See the newly developed [[Wikibooks:Outdated books]]. [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]&lt;sub&gt;[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]&lt;sub&gt;[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/sub&gt; ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 00:16, 31 December 2024 (UTC)
:::Ooh, thanks - something like that seems like it could be an appropriate way to handle this book. A lot of the other outdated books I've tagged have been so incomplete that they wouldn't have been particularly useful even as historical references; this one might at least have some interest.
:::Any chance we can get a separate namespace (maybe &quot;Archive:&quot;) set up for archived book content? That'd make it possible to do things like exclude them from on-site search by default. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 21:07, 31 December 2024 (UTC)
::::I think this might be a more extended discussion, so I'll bump it over to the [[Wikibooks talk:Outdated books|talk page of the draft policy]]! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 21:54, 31 December 2024 (UTC)

== Algebra/Chapter 10/Symmetric Polynomials ==

I personally believe that [[Algebra/Chapter 10/Symmetric Polynomials|this]], and all of the sections should be deleted for the fact that this goes WAY beyond the scope of what was intended for the Chapter (Algebra II level polynomials). [[User:GoreyCat|GoreyCat]] ([[User talk:GoreyCat|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/GoreyCat|contribs]]) 15:07, 6 February 2025 (UTC)

:'''Split''': Deletion here is not the best solution (see [[w:WP:ATD]]). Instead, this page and its subpages should be moved to another book, most likely [[Abstract Algebra]]. [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]&lt;sub&gt;[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]&lt;sub&gt;[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/sub&gt; ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 17:35, 6 February 2025 (UTC)
:{{keep}} since there is a good amount of content. If [[Abstract Algebra]] is appropriate, it seems like a fine idea to move there. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 22:59, 7 February 2025 (UTC)
::Eh, yeah, I supposed moving it is better. I just don't think it's suitable for where it appears. [[User:GoreyCat|GoreyCat]] ([[User talk:GoreyCat|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/GoreyCat|contribs]]) 01:40, 8 February 2025 (UTC)
== [[Puredyne]] ==

Development of Puredyne Linux was discontinued in 2012, and the software no longer appears to be available for download anywhere. (An archive of the web site is still up - with a bunch of embedded spam links - but the download links are all dead.) Is this a suitable candidate for archival (cf. [[Wikibooks:Outdated books]]), or should it just be deleted? [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 04:35, 5 March 2025 (UTC)

:I'd just archive stuff like this. Looks like a decent bit of work went into it, and you never know when someone might need to use Puredyne for some obscure project. I'd be willing to bet mirrors exist of it somewhere, or someone has it on a drive. If you want to find some stuff worth deleting, comb through [[:Category:Allbooks categories]]. [[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] ([[User talk:MediaKyle|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaKyle|contribs]]) 11:30, 5 March 2025 (UTC)

== [[Template:Qr-twwp]] ==
This isn't exactly a request to delete the template, but rather to merge it with {{tlx|Copypaste}}. The {{tlx|Qr-twwp}} template serves the same purpose as {{tlx|Copypaste}}, but without the seven-day period after which the page is deleted. This leads to confusion, as well as a perpetually full [[:Category:Queried pages]]. [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]&lt;sub&gt;[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]&lt;sub&gt;[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/sub&gt; ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 17:37, 30 March 2025 (UTC)

== [[Ghouls of the Miskatonic]] ==

I don't think that a plot summary of a book is in-scope here. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:43, 20 August 2025 (UTC)

:{{vd}} - at least, not a summary of ''this'' book. A summary and/or study guide to a notable work of literature might be in scope, but this is certainly not one. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 21:23, 25 August 2025 (UTC)
::Hi. I am the creator of the pages of this book. If I understand correctly, it has to be a summary of a notable work of literature? So what exactly is defined as such? I only started this as I thought it would be fun, interesting and encouraging to others who read the Arkham Horror novels, and I thought it was permitted as I've seen other summaries of books on wikibooks. [[User:Dayne90|Dayne90]] ([[User talk:Dayne90|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dayne90|contribs]]) 13:27, 26 August 2025 (UTC)
:::Your problem is it is just the plot... it needs to include an educational textual analysis to be in scope [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 12:47, 28 August 2025 (UTC)
::::And ideally it'd be a text which has ''already'' been the subject of literary analysis, such that the analysis on Wikibooks isn't original research. A notable work of literature like ''Frankenstein'' or ''Moby-Dick'' would easily meet that requirement; a tie-in novel for a tabletop RPG probably does not. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 22:08, 29 August 2025 (UTC)

== [[Template:Deleted page]] ==

Per [[Wikibooks:Reading room/Proposals#Retiring Template:Deleted page]], this is because the template is unnecessary given that creation protection (salting) is used instead. I am also proposing the deletion of the following categories used by this template:
* [[:Category:Protected deleted categories]]
* [[:Category:Protected deleted pages]]
Thanks. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#0024FF&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 15:36, 29 January 2026 (UTC)

:This seems premature - [[:Category:Protected deleted pages]] is still in use for pages with generic names. Is there a plan to transition those pages to create protection; if so, can that be implemented before deleting the templates/categories? [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 02:28, 30 January 2026 (UTC)
::JJPMaster proposed that the pages listed in that category should be moved to the [[MediaWiki:Titleblacklist|title blacklist]], and that {{tlx|naming policy notice}} shall be fully protected and used as an interface (title blacklist) message. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#0024FF&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 03:18, 30 January 2026 (UTC)
:::@[[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]]: Have you seen this reply? [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]&lt;sub&gt;[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]&lt;sub&gt;[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/sub&gt; ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 15:28, 11 February 2026 (UTC)
::::I have, but I'm not sure I follow. These templates, and the categories which they populate, are currently in use. Once that's no longer the case, I have no objection to deleting them - but they need to be delinked first. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 00:20, 12 February 2026 (UTC)
:::::I deleted the categories mentioned above, moved all the generic titles to the title blacklist, and for those pages that used {{tlx|Deleted page}}, I deleted then applied creation protection. An uninvolved admin can delete {{tlx|Deleted page}} and then close this request. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#0024FF&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 02:39, 30 March 2026 (UTC)

== [[History of wireless telegraphy and broadcasting in Australia/Topical/Publications/Wireless Weekly/Issues/1928 03 23]] ==
Transcribed from a magazine copy that cannot be traced via the URL provided. Generally archival of primary source works is undertaken on Wikisource (not Wikibooks), backed by a suitable page scan. This isn't at present. [[User:ShakespeareFan00|ShakespeareFan00]] ([[User talk:ShakespeareFan00|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/ShakespeareFan00|contribs]]) 16:32, 27 April 2026 (UTC)

:This doesn't need an RfD since it is obviously out of scope. You can instead put a CSD tag on the page. Additionally, it seems that the entire /Publications section contains only source works here, so it might require a mass deletion. [[User:kingofnuthin|&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia; color: lime&quot;&gt;kingofnuthin&lt;/span&gt;]] ([[User talk:kingofnuthin|&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia; color: teal&quot;&gt;talk&lt;/span&gt;]]) 17:32, 27 April 2026 (UTC)
::@[[User:Samuel.dellit|Samuel.dellit]] looping you in here so you're aware. I don't think any pages like this (i.e. source text) can be kept here, since we are explicitly and unambiguously not a text repository per [[WB:SOURCE]]. I am inclined to speedily delete for that reason, but I want to hear from the primary editor. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:40, 27 April 2026 (UTC)
:::Thanks for looping me in.
:::This is not simply a transcription of the magazine.
:::It includes new formatting to make the content better reachable.
:::It includes commentary to place the transcribed material in context.
:::It permits related material to be placed in chronological order.
:::The version here is not complete (as per banner included), hence the URL link not working (National Library of Australia's Trove has been updated).
:::There is no point in placing this material on Wikisource as the Trove website is functionally similar and now provides for text correction (a fairly recent development).
:::I have not be editing Wikibooks for the last six month's following a personal matter but now slowly returning to the task.
:::[[User:Samuel.dellit|Samuel.dellit]] ([[User talk:Samuel.dellit|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Samuel.dellit|contribs]]) 19:08, 27 April 2026 (UTC)
::::I'm still not sure whether this makes it in-scope at Wikibooks and suitable for the book-like scope of this work, so I'm looping in other admins to weigh in on scope and consensus @[[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]] @[[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] @[[User:JJPMaster|JJPMaster]] @[[User:SHB2000|SHB2000]]. For material that is planned but not yet enacted after a significant period, I'm wondering if user space is more suitable than main space.  —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 19:48, 3 May 2026 (UTC)
:::::This is just one page of a book, right? It's not like the entire wikibook is a transcription. I'm inclined to keep it unless there is something I am missing. &quot;For material that is planned but not yet enacted after a significant period&quot; - that's a draft and can generally stay in article space. [[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]] ([[User talk:Leaderboard|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Leaderboard|contribs]]) 05:09, 4 May 2026 (UTC)
::::::My thoughts are similar to Leaderboard's. --[[User:SHB2000|SHB2000]] ([[User talk:SHB2000|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/SHB2000|contribs]]) 05:47, 4 May 2026 (UTC)
::::::@[[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]] @[[User:SHB2000|SHB2000]] Thank you, and good to know. Unless I am misunderstanding, the plan is actually to host many source texts in this book's namespace (see other subpages in [[History of wireless telegraphy and broadcasting in Australia/Topical/Publications]]) and not limited to this one page. Additionally, do we have anything in policy regarding how long drafts can stay in mainspace? I couldn't find anything, and it strikes me as unconstructive to the project if pages with significant issues (e.g. scope, quality, etc) are left in the mainspace for months to years. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 19:15, 4 May 2026 (UTC)
:::::::@[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] Thank you for your considered responses, the following is provided as background summary. 
:::::::(1) I should mention that all of these pages were speedily deleted six months ago on the basis of breach of copyright, despite the fact that they are in the public domain (yes I was remiss in not making this clear in the relevant discussion pages, and yes I was aware of the need for copyright explanation, but was overly focussed on content creation). I was hit by about 20 simultaneous speedily delete notifications, responded to 2 or 3 thinking that would be sufficient, but later found they had all been deleted (I was not active on Wikibooks at the time). My intention is to provide clear public domain information for each page in the coming months, but I am only one person and need time to give effect. Copyright worldwide is quite complex.
:::::::(2) I was hit by this RfD about 2 weeks ago, nominally a single subpage, but with the threat of dozens of subpages being similarly treated. This time the basis of the RfD was breach of the &quot;Not a text repository&quot; policy, of which I was not previously aware. I see in the policy that there is a clear exception for annotated texts and I will further develop content in support of that exception (you will see that is my general practice in any event). There are literally hundreds of articles in this Wikibook already heavily annotated, simply on the basis of good authorship e.g.
:::::::https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/History_of_wireless_telegraphy_and_broadcasting_in_Australia/Topical/Biographies/Clement_Edgar_Ames/Notes
:::::::https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/History_of_wireless_telegraphy_and_broadcasting_in_Australia/Topical/Stations/7BU_Burnie/Notes
:::::::But, again, I am only one person and need time to give effect. [[User:Samuel.dellit|Samuel.dellit]] ([[User talk:Samuel.dellit|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Samuel.dellit|contribs]]) 19:59, 4 May 2026 (UTC)
:::::::@[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] As far as I can see, isn't the goal to annotate most of those pages? And there is no set limit for a draft. The main reason we'd delete a draft is if the book ''itself'' has nothing of value, which is not the case here. [[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]] ([[User talk:Leaderboard|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Leaderboard|contribs]]) 04:49, 5 May 2026 (UTC)
::::::::Got it, thank you! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 00:06, 6 May 2026 (UTC)
: As an admin who was involved in deleting this (and related subpages) and ''only'' undeleting it later per the author's request, I therefore '''recuse''' (will not do) on taking any administrative actions for this request. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#0024FF&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 17:33, 27 April 2026 (UTC)
:{{vd}} - including other similar pages - per nom. Transcriptions of previously published works, like these magazines, belong on Wikisource. I don't see any evidence of substantial commentary in any of the pages I've looked at. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 17:47, 28 April 2026 (UTC)
::Additionally, I'd note that creating content like [[History of wireless telegraphy and broadcasting in Australia/Editing/Fair dealing]] or [[History of wireless telegraphy and broadcasting in Australia/Editing/Not a text repository]] is not helpful. This sort of argumentative content clearly does not belong in a book. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 02:14, 9 May 2026 (UTC)
:{{keep}} - including other similar pages - annotated texts WB:AT are a clear exception to Wikibooks &quot;Not a text repository&quot; policy; these are subpages of a very large body of work (I understand the largest Wikibook in Wikibooks) and integral to its overall development; yes, the pages are a work in progress and the annotations are as yet limited, but I will now prioritise their development[[User:Samuel.dellit|Samuel.dellit]] ([[User talk:Samuel.dellit|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Samuel.dellit|contribs]]) 19:28, 3 May 2026 (UTC)
:{{keep}}. Annotated texts are an exception and while there can be a debate about how much annotation is enough, at the moment I think we should accept the primary editor's position in respect of their intent. [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 13:58, 5 May 2026 (UTC)
: {{keep}} per above. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#0024FF&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 23:07, 19 May 2026 (UTC)
: @[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] Please consider closing this RFD discussion. This was running for more than one month (I believe) and as I can tell there is probably no consensus to delete. Thank you. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#0024FF&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 01:30, 10 July 2026 (UTC)

== [[History Books]] ==
Minimal existing content is editorialized, book scope unclear, no sourcing —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:47, 27 April 2026 (UTC)

:{{comment}} - there is one unlinked subpage of this book, [[History Books/Who Was Alexander the Great/Introduction]]. I'm not impressed by the content (it's basically historical fiction written for a young child), but it's not hopeless. I'd encourage the author to create an account to allow us to communicate with them. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 18:34, 28 April 2026 (UTC)
::If it is really aimed at children, shouldn't it be moved to the Wikijunior: namespace? [[User:kingofnuthin|&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia; color: lime&quot;&gt;kingofnuthin&lt;/span&gt;]] ([[User talk:kingofnuthin|&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia; color: teal&quot;&gt;talk&lt;/span&gt;]]) 18:55, 28 April 2026 (UTC)

== [[Objective Projection: Why the Brain Never Forgets Some Stories]] ==

Undisclosed AI-generated content. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 02:13, 9 May 2026 (UTC)

:&lt;nowiki&gt;'''Keep'''&lt;/nowiki&gt; — Comment from page author/subject expert.
:I am Levent Bulut, the originator of the &lt;nowiki&gt;''&lt;/nowiki&gt;Objective Projection&lt;nowiki&gt;''&lt;/nowiki&gt; methodology described in this book (ORCID: 0009-0007-7500-2261, Wikidata: Q138048287). I want to address the AI-generated content concern directly and transparently.
:&lt;nowiki&gt;'''&lt;/nowiki&gt;On the content itself:&lt;nowiki&gt;'''&lt;/nowiki&gt; The methodology, theoretical framework (the six-variable operator E(r) = projS(M, T, V, Δ, Ω, Ng), the Six Golden Rules, the Six-Layer Framework), and all original arguments are my own intellectual work, developed and published independently. This is documented through:
:* 26 DOI-registered academic publications on Zenodo (search: &quot;Levent Bulut Objective Projection&quot;)
:* A peer-reviewed submission currently under review at &lt;nowiki&gt;''&lt;/nowiki&gt;Digital Humanities Quarterly&lt;nowiki&gt;''&lt;/nowiki&gt;
:* Parallel Turkish-language Wikibook and Wikiversity pages on the same methodology
:* An open-source SFT dataset on Hugging Face (leventbulut/objective-projection)
:&lt;nowiki&gt;'''&lt;/nowiki&gt;On AI assistance:&lt;nowiki&gt;'''&lt;/nowiki&gt; I used AI tools (Claude) for English translation polish and copy-editing from my Turkish source materials — the same way a non-native English-speaking academic would use a human translator or editor. The &lt;nowiki&gt;''&lt;/nowiki&gt;ideas, structure, terminology, citations, and arguments&lt;nowiki&gt;''&lt;/nowiki&gt; are entirely my own and pre-date the Wikibooks version, traceable through Zenodo DOI timestamps starting in 2025.
:&lt;nowiki&gt;'''&lt;/nowiki&gt;Proposed remedy instead of deletion:&lt;nowiki&gt;'''&lt;/nowiki&gt; I am happy to:
:# Add a clear AI-assistance disclosure to the book's preface, per Wikibooks transparency norms
:# Add inline citations to the underlying DOI-registered publications for every major claim
:# Link to the parallel Turkish version and academic record
:This would address the &lt;nowiki&gt;''&lt;/nowiki&gt;undisclosed&lt;nowiki&gt;''&lt;/nowiki&gt; part of the concern (which is the actionable policy issue) while preserving content that is original academic work by an identifiable author with a published track record. Deletion of original scholarship because translation assistance was used would set a concerning precedent for non-native English contributors.
:&lt;nowiki&gt;I request a few days to add the disclosure and citations before any deletion action. ~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt; [[Special:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-28847-60|&amp;#126;2026-28847-60]] ([[User talk:&amp;#126;2026-28847-60|talk]]) 18:46, 13 May 2026 (UTC)
::Administrative assistance needed: Automated filters blocking structural improvements and disclosures
::'''Request for Help''' — I am Levent Bulut, the author of this book. I have already provided my AI disclosure and academic credentials (ORCID, DOI list) here in this discussion.
::I am trying to update the book to comply with Wikibooks standards by:
::Adding a formal '''AI assistance disclosure''' at the top of the page.
::Restructuring the content into an '''instructional textbook format''' (adding Learning Objectives).
::Converting plain text formulas into '''LaTeX''' ( format).
::Updating references to include full academic '''DOI''' records.
::However, the automated filter is blocking all my attempts:
::If I try to replace the content with the improved version, it triggers the '''&quot;large amount of content removal&quot;''' filter.
::If I try to add specific academic links, it triggers the '''&quot;automated link/spam&quot;''' filter.
::I am essentially trapped by the filters while trying to improve the book and follow transparency norms. Could an administrator please either whitelist my account or manually apply the improved version of the text? I am ready to provide the full MediaWiki code here if requested. My intent is purely constructive and academic. [[Special:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-28847-60|&amp;#126;2026-28847-60]] ([[User talk:&amp;#126;2026-28847-60|talk]]) 19:15, 13 May 2026 (UTC)
::: Hi, @[[User:~2026-28847-60|~2026-28847-60]]. Your account was incorrectly locked by a steward. It is now currently unlocked. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#0024FF&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 17:44, 15 May 2026 (UTC)
:::: Pinging @[[User:Projection Architect|Projection Architect]], who was previously LeventBulut. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#0024FF&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 15:51, 4 July 2026 (UTC)
::Please review [[Wikibooks:Artificial intelligence]]. It states unequivocally that {{tq|LLMs may not be used to generate or summarize material and ideas at Wikibooks}}, and that {{tq|translations made by LLMs are not allowed on Wikibooks}}. The fact that you did not disclose your usage of AI is part of the problem, but disclosing it does not make it allowable either.
::More broadly, based on what you've said above, the content of this book is a reflection of your personal theories on writing. This is essentially [[Wikibooks:Original research]] and is not permitted. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 22:36, 13 May 2026 (UTC)

== [[Guide to Tor hidden services and elements of the Tor network]] ==

This book was created in 2014 with some odd history, but never really progressed beyond a preface and [[Guide to Tor hidden services and elements of the Tor network/Chapter 3: Darknet markets in theory and practice|a single subpage]]. As a result of [https://blog.torproject.org/v2-deprecation-timeline/ changes to the Tor network] made in 2020-2021, all of the .onion links in this book are dead; there's nothing usable left here. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 08:54, 4 July 2026 (UTC)</text>
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{{Requests for deletion/New deletion}}
{{Requests for deletion/Deletion intro}}
&lt;!-- New deletion nominations go at the bottom of page. --&gt;

== [[Salute, Jonathan!]] and its translations ==

&lt;div style=&quot;column-count: 7;&quot;&gt;
* [[Salute, Jonathan!|Interlingue/Occidental]] ([[w:en:Occidental|w]], original)
* [[Òla, Ionatà!|Audià]]
* [[Holo, Jonathan!|Cristianés]]
* [[Terve, Jonathan!|Ekumenski]]
* [[Hej, Jonathan! (Germanisch)|Germanisch]]
* [[Salom, Jonatan!|Globasa]]
* [[Àlŏ, Jonathan!|Guosa]] ([[w:en:Guosa|w]])
* [[Salut, Jonathan!|Idiom Neutral]] ([[w:en:Idiom Neutral|w]])
* [[Saluto, Jonathan! (Ido)|Ido]] ([[w:en:Ido|w]])
* [[Hallo, Jonathan!|Interlingua]] ([[w:en:Interlingua|w]])
* [[Salut, Jonathan! (Interocidental)|Interocidental]]
* [[Bune Ğonatan!|Lingaust]]
* [[Oila, Jonatan!|Lingue Simple]]
* [[Haloo, Jonatan!|Lingwa de Planeta]] ([[w:en:Lingwa de Planeta|w]])
* [[Sin Chao, Jonathan!|Masa Tang]]
* [[Salut, ionatano!|Meteza]]
* [[Salu, Jon!|Mini]]
* [[Hay, Jonathan!|Mirad]]
* [[Hai, Jon!|Monav]]
* [[Sesan Jon!|Monkel]]
* [[Salam, Jonathan!|Mundeze]]
* [[Dag, Jonathan!|Negerhollands]] ([[w:en:Negerhollands|w]])
* [[Salut Jonathan!|Neo]] ([[w:en:Neo|w]])
* [[Hej, Jonathan!|Nordien]]
* [[Saluto, Jonathan!|Novial]] ([[w:en:Novial|w]])
* [[Salute, Jonathan! (Novlingue)|Novlingue]]
* [[Alo, Jonathan!|Numo]]
* [[Hela, Jonathan!|Proyo]]
* [[Salute, Jonathan! (Romanica)|Romanica]] ([[w:en:Romanica|w]])
* [[Simi, Jonathan!|Solresol]] ([[w:en:Solresol|w]])
* [[Toki a, jan Jonatan!|Toki Pona]] ([[w:en:Toki Pona|w]])
* [[Glidis, o Jonathan!|Volapük]] ([[w:en:Volapük|w]])
&lt;/div&gt;

There are a couple of issues here:

# Beyond their introductions, all of these books are written in languages which are not English, making them out of scope for the English Wikibooks.
# All but one of these books are in fact written in constructed languages, most of them in recently created conlangs. In some cases (e.g. [[Sin Chao, Jonathan!]]), I can't find any reliable sources describing the target language outside of the translation itself.
# Most of the translations (i.e. other than [[Salute, Jonathan!]] itself) were abandoned within the first five or so chapters (out of 100); none of them are complete, and there seems to be little effort to complete any of them.

While I recognize that this is an unusual project, and potentially one which could have some value, it's not at all clear to me that the English Wikibooks is the right place for it. — [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 00:24, 29 September 2024 (UTC)

: I'm really not sure what to do about these ones. While I recognize that this approach is certainly one method of teaching a language, I'm not sure that it constitutes an educational textbook. We do require that the English Wikibooks be written in English—for language-learning books, this typically means that the instructional parts are in English while the exercises are in the language being taught. I do think that if the language doesn't have much supporting evidence outside the book itself, it can safely be deleted. — [[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:01, 29 September 2024 (UTC)

: Author of the book here. I originally wanted to put it in the Interlingue Wikibooks https://ie.wikibooks.org/wiki/Principal_p%C3%A1gine but it somehow got locked when I wasn't paying attention and so I ended up putting it here. Getting it unlocked requires going through the process of starting an Incubator and all the rest so I opted for here and then started putting some English-only content once it was done. It's sort of in the same vein as books like Lingua Latina per se Illustrata that have separate versions with teacher notes and whatnot. [[Salute, Jonathan!/Capitul 1 - with notes]] After it was done the auxlang community really took to it which was a nice surprise. I think Ido has the largest number of chapters at the moment at 15.
:If the vast content of this book could be used to justify a quick reopening of the Interlingue Wikibooks to move it there, I'd love to do that. I imagine that an incubator with 100+ book chapters would be enough to open a Wikibooks and that's what this is. — [[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]] ([[User talk:Mithridates|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mithridates|contribs]]) 06:02, 29 September 2024 (UTC)

: Ah, I just realized that we do have a proposal to reopen the Interlingue Wikibooks: https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Requests_for_new_languages/Wikibooks_Interlingue along with an Incubator page here. https://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wb/ie/Principal_p%C3%A1gine
: How easy would it be to migrate the entirety of Salute Jonathan to there? — [[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]] ([[User talk:Mithridates|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mithridates|contribs]]) 06:30, 29 September 2024 (UTC)

:: Hi @[[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]]! I'm not sure how incubator projects work, but I fully support migrating these books there. You may want to inquire over there and link to this discussion to support your request to move the content over there. Cheers! — [[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 13:16, 29 September 2024 (UTC)

::: Hi! Actually I have a third idea to propose after thinking about this again today (haven't been here much since I finished the book): I noticed that there is more English content than I remember and that might make it an awkward fit for the Interlingue Wikibooks. I definitely agree that having all the auxlang translations for new auxlang projects goes well beyond the scope of this Wikibooks. Finally, there are some auxlangs that are notable with their own Wikipedias.
::: So the idea is the following:
:::# Leave the original here and I can continue the work on the version with English notes and grammar. That will make it the same as Lingua Latina per se Illustrata, English by the Nature Method, Athenaze and all the rest.
:::# The Interlingua one can move to the Interlingua Wikibooks (maybe Romanica too if they want as it is sort of a dialect of Interlingua).
:::# For Ido and Lingua Franca Nova which have a Wikipedia but not a Wikibooks, I'm a little bit unsure...technically they could have their own version like the original one but would require English explanations. I could let them know and see if they are willing to do so and see what they think (work on adding English to the books vs. move the content elsewhere).
:::# The rest can move to a Github repo, then be deleted, and the front page of this book can have a single link to the repo.
::: Any thoughts on that? Adding the extra English content will be easy as it is my book and I know it inside and out.
::: Edit: [https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Salute,_Jonathan!/Grammar_(pronouns) this page] I just added.  — [[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]] ([[User talk:Mithridates|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mithridates|contribs]]) 13:50, 29 September 2024 (UTC)

:::: Thanks for taking the time to consider this! Here are my responses/questions:
::::* Is the original [[Salute, Jonathan!]] (Occidental)? Since that one is quite fleshed out, I agree that if you edit it so the primary language of the book (e.g. headers, instructions, etc) are written in English while leaving the actual story in Occidental, it would be okay and fit in more with instructional language textbooks.
::::* For your points 2 and 3, I'm not sure how those other projects work, so I'll leave it up to them. I'm not quite sure why they would need to move, since in theory they could be revised with English as the language of instruction? Although, they have been left incomplete for a long time.
::::* For your point 4, I have no problem with that. Cheers! — [[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 16:51, 29 September 2024 (UTC)

::::: Hello again, it's the weekend so I have a bit more time to work on this. I've decided to merge the extra content from the following five chapters since the difference is fairly small and the original chapters should now have this English content. Could you delete these five pages now that they are no longer needed? [[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]] ([[User talk:Mithridates|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mithridates|contribs]]) 14:02, 5 October 2024 (UTC)
::::: [[Salute, Jonathan!/Capitul 1 - with notes]]
::::: [[Salute, Jonathan!/Capitul 2 - with notes]]
::::: [[Salute, Jonathan!/Capitul 3 - with notes]]
::::: [[Salute, Jonathan!/Capitul 4 - with notes]]
::::: [[Salute, Jonathan!/Capitul 5 - with notes]] [[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]] ([[User talk:Mithridates|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mithridates|contribs]]) 14:02, 5 October 2024 (UTC)
:::::: [[File:Yes_check.svg|{{#ifeq:|small|8|15}}px|link=|alt=]] {{#ifeq:|small|&lt;small&gt;|}}'''Done'''{{#ifeq:|small|&lt;/small&gt;|}} — [[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:34, 5 October 2024 (UTC)

::::::: Hi again! No luck trying to find a home for the random language translations on other auxlang wikis, can't find one that is actively maintained.
::::::: The thought struck me that maybe I could just put those ones on a sub page of my user page, would that be permitted? If not, I think I'll just stick them somewhere in GitHub and call it a day since none of the people who started the translations seem to care enough to do anything about them. I'd rather not see them outright disappear but since they aren't mine I don't care enough about them to do much more work than copy and paste them somewhere.
::::::: (I would leave the ones in languages with an ISO-639 code and Wikipedia here, of course) — [[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]] ([[User talk:Mithridates|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mithridates|contribs]]) 14:13, 9 November 2024 (UTC)

:::::::: Thank you for checking! I don't personally see an issue with moving them to your user space right now. Cheers — [[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 17:21, 9 November 2024 (UTC)

::::::::: Thanks a lot! I've started a single page where I will put them all here [[User:Mithridates/SJ]] and will proceed slowly due to lack of time and also to avoid stepping on any toes / asking you to delete too much at a time and possibly deleting the wrong content.
::::::::: For this week I have put the content for the languages Audia, Cristianès, Guosa, Lingaust, Mini, Mirad, and Monav on that page as they all have a single page of content and didn't take much time to move. Please delete those. Once they are gone I will add a note on the main page letting people know where they have gone (in addition to a thank you for their interest in the book! I do love how many people have recognized it as a good source material for teaching a language). — [[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]] ([[User talk:Mithridates|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mithridates|contribs]]) 04:09, 10 November 2024 (UTC)

: {{keep}} the translations for languages that have an article on the English Wikipedia, i.e. Guosa, Idiom Neutral, Ido, Interlingua, Lingwa de Planeta, Negerhollands, Neo, Novial, Occidental, Romanica, Solresol, Toki Pona, and Volapük.
: Translations for languages that don't have an article can be kept if they have reliable sources, which I was able to find for the following languages (if you think they are not reliable, please let me know):
:* Globasa: [https://www.languagesandnumbers.com/how-to-count-in-globasa/en/globasa/] [https://greyson.conlang.org/2020/01/29/shouting-out-globasa-and-pandunia/]
:* Mini: [https://jprogr.github.io/mini] [https://www.omniglot.com/language/phrases/mini.htm] [https://www.languagesandnumbers.com/how-to-count-in-mini/en/mini/]
: {{del}} and move to [[User:Mithridates/SJ]] the rest of the translations, i.e. Audià/Audian, Cristianés, Ekumenski, Germanisch, Interocidental, Lingaust, Lingue Simple, Masa Tang, Mirad, Monav, Monkel, Mundeze, Nordien, Novlingue, Numo, Proyo, and Scuian/Meteza. If you can find reliable sources for those languages, please let me know.
: In particular, I could not find resources for Audià/Audian and Monav after searching through 15 and 17 pages on Google, respectively. It doesn't help that [[Òla, Ionatà!|their]] [[Hai, Jon!|translations]] don't explain what those languages are and where to find resources for them. This makes contributing to those translations almost impossible until @[[User:Caro de Segeda|Caro de Segeda]] can provide resources to us. It's possible that the resources may have disappared from the Internet, or that those languages were created by Caro de Segeda him/herself. If you can find resources for Audià/Audian and Monav, please let me know.
: I'm notifying the primary contributors of the translations: @[[User:Caro de Segeda|Caro de Segeda]], @[[User:Frzzl|Frzzl]], @[[User:Greatscotteh|Greatscotteh]], @[[User:IHateNumbers234|IHateNumbers234]], @[[User:Jayeless2|Jayeless2]], @[[User:Morozof|Morozof]], @[[User:Omnihom|Omnihom]], @[[User:Omoutuazn|Omoutuazn]], @[[User:PovriNaivon|PovriNaivon]], @[[User:Sir Beluga|Sir Beluga]] and @[[User:Tyoyafud|Tyoyafud]]. — [[User:EJPPhilippines|EJPPhilippines]] ([[User talk:EJPPhilippines|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/EJPPhilippines|contribs]]) 09:52, 30 June 2025 (UTC)

:: Caro de Segeda said on [https://www.reddit.com/r/conlangs/comments/1lcnz9g/comment/n0sc3wx/ Reddit] that Monav was created by him/her and that he/she didn't publish any resources about it other than [[Hai, Jon!]]. With '''zero''' other resources to rely on for contributing to the translation, and the fact that Monav is in [[User:Mithridates/SJ]], [[Hai, Jon!]] should be speedy deleted. — [[User:EJPPhilippines|EJPPhilippines]] ([[User talk:EJPPhilippines|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/EJPPhilippines|contribs]]) 01:38, 3 July 2025 (UTC)

::: I've undone the speedy deletion as Caro de Segeda posted a [https://prexins.wordpress.com/2025/07/04/monav/ resource] for Monav. — [[User:EJPPhilippines|EJPPhilippines]] ([[User talk:EJPPhilippines|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/EJPPhilippines|contribs]]) 07:18, 4 July 2025 (UTC)

:::: You can delete all the ones that I have created myself, I have already moved them to other places. — [[User:Caro de Segeda|Caro de Segeda]] ([[User talk:Caro de Segeda|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Caro de Segeda|contribs]]) 12:39, 5 July 2025 (UTC)

{{outdent|::::}}I don't know if this is helpful since it wouldn't apply to most of these, but [[s:mul:]] could hold some of these. — [[User:Arlo Barnes|Arlo Barnes]] ([[User talk:Arlo Barnes|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Arlo Barnes|contribs]]) 09:18, 30 November 2025 (UTC)

: I don't think that would be within the scope of that project. I'm not aware of any other situation where Wikisource publishes translations of texts created on Wikimedia projects - that's usually left up to other language editions of the same project. — [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 05:34, 1 December 2025 (UTC)

:: In this situation there isn't a separate [[s:ie:]] distinct from Multilingual Wikisource (see [[meta:Wikisource#List of Wikisources]]). In fact, there are very few multilingual wikis in the Wikimedia sphere; while this project ''could'' move to a Miraheze-hosted or similar wiki farm location, I think it would be a missed opportunity. I suppose an [[Interlingue]] book could be started in [[shelf:Constructed languages]] which would have all 100 chapters as an appendix (and likewise for the other languages), but that also seems non-ideal since it requires an English-language text that doesn't currently exist to be created. [[WB:AT]] seems to describe a similar situation to this one and prescribe Wikisource as the solution, and [[WB:SOURCE]] mentions fiction as out-of-scope for Wikibooks (even as in this case, language-educational fiction). [[s:mul:Wikisource:about Wikisource]] simply speaks of source texts and doesn't mention publication requirements, so maybe that is specific to some of the monolingual editions? — [[User:Arlo Barnes|Arlo Barnes]] ([[User talk:Arlo Barnes|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Arlo Barnes|contribs]]) 22:28, 5 December 2025 (UTC)

:{{keep}} 100% keep. These books are a core part of language textbooks on Wikibooks and have been for years. Not sure why this is even being debated.--[[User:Xania|Xania]] [[Image:Flag_of_Estonia.svg|15px]]  [[Image:Flag_of_Ukraine.svg|15px]] [[User talk:Xania|&lt;sup&gt;talk&lt;/sup&gt;]] 17:55, 16 May 2026 (UTC)

::With all due respect, some of the books included in this nomination (like [[Sin Chao, Jonathan!]]) are written in constructed languages which are not substantially attested anywhere else. I struggle to imagine any educational purpose for such a book. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 00:12, 17 May 2026 (UTC)

== [[International Baccalaureate]] ==

Not actually a book in and of itself; rather, it is just a compilation of links to other books —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:24, 18 October 2024 (UTC)
: Could this be salvaged as a shelf? [[User:Pppery|Pppery]] ([[User talk:Pppery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Pppery|contribs]]) 05:23, 27 January 2025 (UTC)
::Probably, but are the linked books even useful? IB exams change from year to year - sometimes quite dramatically - so an old exam guide is of very limited value. Many of these books were written 10-15 years ago, and some of them (like [[IB French]]) even have comments indicating that they're no longer applicable. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 02:18, 8 December 2025 (UTC)

== [[Character List for Baxter&amp;Sagart]] ==

Seems completely out of scope as an educational book; it's just a list of characters and outlinks —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:53, 18 October 2024 (UTC)

:Adding [[Character List for Karlgren's GSR]] and [[Character List for Schuessler's CGSR]] for the same reason —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:55, 18 October 2024 (UTC)

:These three books do make a package and I agree they should be considered together. However, I strongly object to deleting them. They are really extremely useful resources. I use them every week and I know that many people who do work on Old Chinese phonology do so. There are lots of books out there that are lists of characters, these are called dictionaries. For example Axel Schuessler's ABC Etymological Dictionary of Old Chinese, or Pulleyblank's Lexicon of Reconstructed Pronunciation in Early Middle Chinese, Late Middle Chinese, and Early Mandarin. I see it as entirely a good thing for reference works of this kind to be available free online rather than only in expensive books in university research libraries. If this is in violation of a Wikibooks policy, I would at least like that policy to be drawn to my attention and to have some constructive comment offered about which Wikiproject such a resource should fall under. I will also say on a personal note that I have put literally hundreds of hours of work into these projects and it would grieve me a lot to see this work simply vanish, in particular when I know that colleagues around the world use these books. --[[User:Tibetologist|Tibetologist]] ([[User talk:Tibetologist|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Tibetologist|contribs]]) 07:27, 1 November 2024 (UTC)
::Hi @[[User:Tibetologist|Tibetologist]], and thank you for the feedback! Official Wikibooks policy does not permit standalone dictionaries (see [[WB:DICT]]), though I understand the argument that it is a useful resource. I am wondering if there might be a home for it at [[Wiktionary:Wiktionary:Welcome, newcomers|Wiktionary]] or [[Wikiversity:Wikiversity:SHARE|Wikiversity]]? Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 12:14, 1 November 2024 (UTC)
:::The policy says to use Wiktionary, but these books cannot be moved there. In fact they link there, you can understand me as having made an index to wiktionary, if you like, where the ORDER of the characters is extremely important, information that would be lost in Wiktionary. 
:::Wikiversity is not a project I participate in, and in any event my books here are older than it, so this option was not available for me at the relevant moment. If you are offering to move my books to Wikiversity, that is very kind of you and I will very graciously accept. [[User:Tibetologist|Tibetologist]] ([[User talk:Tibetologist|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Tibetologist|contribs]]) 14:10, 1 November 2024 (UTC)
::::I have pinged over at Wikiversity Colloquium to ask about suitability and have looped you into the conversation over there. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:20, 1 November 2024 (UTC)
::I concur. I'm just an undergrad who tries to learn about Sino-Tibetan historical linguistics in his free time but I've found this wikibook to be incredibly useful, and I keep it open in one tab while I watch Professor Nathan Hill's lectures that he uploads to youtube in another tab, and another tab for taking notes. In fact if I remember correctly Professor Hill actually pointed his students to this wikibook. 
::I'm not familiar with [[wikiversity:Wikiversity:SHARE|Wikiversity]] but if all the content were as accessible there as it is here then I think that could work.  [[User:ChromeBones|ChromeBones]] ([[User talk:ChromeBones|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/ChromeBones|contribs]]) 02:43, 9 July 2025 (UTC)
:Per [[:v:Wikiversity:Colloquium#Import_Resource_From_Wikibooks?]], I recommend copying and pasting, including attribution via the edit summary and talk page, add appropriate categories and links, and then it could be deleted locally. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 22:32, 3 November 2024 (UTC)

== [[Suomen kieli käyttöön]] ==

Multiple pages in this book are written entirely in Finnish, which is out of the enWB scope. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 00:09, 19 October 2024 (UTC)

:I was going to say whether we should ask any fiwikibooks sysop to maybe see if this could be transwikied to fiwb if it's within the scope there. But [[:fi:Toiminnot:Käyttäjät/sysop]] indicates that there are only 3 sysops, and only {{u|Anr}} and {{u|Zache}} have made edits this ''year''. If they deem it to be salvageable, then transwiki + delete, otherwise straight-up delete. --[[User:SHB2000|SHB2000]] ([[User talk:SHB2000|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/SHB2000|contribs]]) 11:24, 14 November 2024 (UTC)
::It seems that the idea behind the book was for the pages to be bilingual, as it’s a language learning book. That’s why there are Finnish texts included intentionally even on the pages that are complete. There are similar books in dewikibooks and ruwikibooks as well. For the English version, I think the easiest way to proceed would be to clean up and adjust the page layout to fit enwikibooks better, and then translate the missing parts. By the way, if anyone wants to update the book’s name in English, it can be titled ''&quot;Using the Finnish Language&quot;'' or ''&quot;Put Finnish Language into Use&quot;'' for a direct translation.   [[User:Zache|Zache]] ([[User talk:Zache|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Zache|contribs]]) 11:57, 14 November 2024 (UTC)

== [[AT&amp;T Mobility FAQ]] ==

* [[AT&amp;T Mobility FAQ]]
* [[AT&amp;T Mobility FAQ/MEdia Net Configuration]]
* [[AT&amp;T Mobility FAQ/Data Connect Configuration]]
An ''extremely'' outdated FAQ on AT&amp;T's cell phone services. Most of this document was written 20+ years ago as a Usenet FAQ; very little of it is accurate or useful anymore (particularly the two subpages, which have to do with obsolete configurations for &quot;tethering&quot; a computer to a cell phone). No objection if someone wants to update it, but there's clearly been no appetite to do that. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 22:20, 30 December 2024 (UTC)

:I'm wondering if it might make sense for us to develop some kind of policy on archiving books here. There are many like this one that have a good deal of content but are extremely out of date and just not useful as originally intended. ——[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 22:34, 30 December 2024 (UTC)
::@[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]]: See the newly developed [[Wikibooks:Outdated books]]. [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]&lt;sub&gt;[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]&lt;sub&gt;[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/sub&gt; ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 00:16, 31 December 2024 (UTC)
:::Ooh, thanks - something like that seems like it could be an appropriate way to handle this book. A lot of the other outdated books I've tagged have been so incomplete that they wouldn't have been particularly useful even as historical references; this one might at least have some interest.
:::Any chance we can get a separate namespace (maybe &quot;Archive:&quot;) set up for archived book content? That'd make it possible to do things like exclude them from on-site search by default. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 21:07, 31 December 2024 (UTC)
::::I think this might be a more extended discussion, so I'll bump it over to the [[Wikibooks talk:Outdated books|talk page of the draft policy]]! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 21:54, 31 December 2024 (UTC)

== Algebra/Chapter 10/Symmetric Polynomials ==

I personally believe that [[Algebra/Chapter 10/Symmetric Polynomials|this]], and all of the sections should be deleted for the fact that this goes WAY beyond the scope of what was intended for the Chapter (Algebra II level polynomials). [[User:GoreyCat|GoreyCat]] ([[User talk:GoreyCat|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/GoreyCat|contribs]]) 15:07, 6 February 2025 (UTC)

:'''Split''': Deletion here is not the best solution (see [[w:WP:ATD]]). Instead, this page and its subpages should be moved to another book, most likely [[Abstract Algebra]]. [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]&lt;sub&gt;[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]&lt;sub&gt;[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/sub&gt; ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 17:35, 6 February 2025 (UTC)
:{{keep}} since there is a good amount of content. If [[Abstract Algebra]] is appropriate, it seems like a fine idea to move there. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 22:59, 7 February 2025 (UTC)
::Eh, yeah, I supposed moving it is better. I just don't think it's suitable for where it appears. [[User:GoreyCat|GoreyCat]] ([[User talk:GoreyCat|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/GoreyCat|contribs]]) 01:40, 8 February 2025 (UTC)
== [[Puredyne]] ==

Development of Puredyne Linux was discontinued in 2012, and the software no longer appears to be available for download anywhere. (An archive of the web site is still up - with a bunch of embedded spam links - but the download links are all dead.) Is this a suitable candidate for archival (cf. [[Wikibooks:Outdated books]]), or should it just be deleted? [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 04:35, 5 March 2025 (UTC)

:I'd just archive stuff like this. Looks like a decent bit of work went into it, and you never know when someone might need to use Puredyne for some obscure project. I'd be willing to bet mirrors exist of it somewhere, or someone has it on a drive. If you want to find some stuff worth deleting, comb through [[:Category:Allbooks categories]]. [[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] ([[User talk:MediaKyle|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaKyle|contribs]]) 11:30, 5 March 2025 (UTC)

== [[Template:Qr-twwp]] ==
This isn't exactly a request to delete the template, but rather to merge it with {{tlx|Copypaste}}. The {{tlx|Qr-twwp}} template serves the same purpose as {{tlx|Copypaste}}, but without the seven-day period after which the page is deleted. This leads to confusion, as well as a perpetually full [[:Category:Queried pages]]. [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]&lt;sub&gt;[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]&lt;sub&gt;[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/sub&gt; ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 17:37, 30 March 2025 (UTC)

== [[Ghouls of the Miskatonic]] ==

I don't think that a plot summary of a book is in-scope here. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:43, 20 August 2025 (UTC)

:{{vd}} - at least, not a summary of ''this'' book. A summary and/or study guide to a notable work of literature might be in scope, but this is certainly not one. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 21:23, 25 August 2025 (UTC)
::Hi. I am the creator of the pages of this book. If I understand correctly, it has to be a summary of a notable work of literature? So what exactly is defined as such? I only started this as I thought it would be fun, interesting and encouraging to others who read the Arkham Horror novels, and I thought it was permitted as I've seen other summaries of books on wikibooks. [[User:Dayne90|Dayne90]] ([[User talk:Dayne90|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dayne90|contribs]]) 13:27, 26 August 2025 (UTC)
:::Your problem is it is just the plot... it needs to include an educational textual analysis to be in scope [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 12:47, 28 August 2025 (UTC)
::::And ideally it'd be a text which has ''already'' been the subject of literary analysis, such that the analysis on Wikibooks isn't original research. A notable work of literature like ''Frankenstein'' or ''Moby-Dick'' would easily meet that requirement; a tie-in novel for a tabletop RPG probably does not. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 22:08, 29 August 2025 (UTC)

== [[Template:Deleted page]] ==

Per [[Wikibooks:Reading room/Proposals#Retiring Template:Deleted page]], this is because the template is unnecessary given that creation protection (salting) is used instead. I am also proposing the deletion of the following categories used by this template:
* [[:Category:Protected deleted categories]]
* [[:Category:Protected deleted pages]]
Thanks. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#0024FF&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 15:36, 29 January 2026 (UTC)

:This seems premature - [[:Category:Protected deleted pages]] is still in use for pages with generic names. Is there a plan to transition those pages to create protection; if so, can that be implemented before deleting the templates/categories? [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 02:28, 30 January 2026 (UTC)
::JJPMaster proposed that the pages listed in that category should be moved to the [[MediaWiki:Titleblacklist|title blacklist]], and that {{tlx|naming policy notice}} shall be fully protected and used as an interface (title blacklist) message. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#0024FF&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 03:18, 30 January 2026 (UTC)
:::@[[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]]: Have you seen this reply? [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]&lt;sub&gt;[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]&lt;sub&gt;[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/sub&gt; ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 15:28, 11 February 2026 (UTC)
::::I have, but I'm not sure I follow. These templates, and the categories which they populate, are currently in use. Once that's no longer the case, I have no objection to deleting them - but they need to be delinked first. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 00:20, 12 February 2026 (UTC)
:::::I deleted the categories mentioned above, moved all the generic titles to the title blacklist, and for those pages that used {{tlx|Deleted page}}, I deleted then applied creation protection. An uninvolved admin can delete {{tlx|Deleted page}} and then close this request. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#0024FF&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 02:39, 30 March 2026 (UTC)

== [[History of wireless telegraphy and broadcasting in Australia/Topical/Publications/Wireless Weekly/Issues/1928 03 23]] ==
Transcribed from a magazine copy that cannot be traced via the URL provided. Generally archival of primary source works is undertaken on Wikisource (not Wikibooks), backed by a suitable page scan. This isn't at present. [[User:ShakespeareFan00|ShakespeareFan00]] ([[User talk:ShakespeareFan00|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/ShakespeareFan00|contribs]]) 16:32, 27 April 2026 (UTC)

:This doesn't need an RfD since it is obviously out of scope. You can instead put a CSD tag on the page. Additionally, it seems that the entire /Publications section contains only source works here, so it might require a mass deletion. [[User:kingofnuthin|&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia; color: lime&quot;&gt;kingofnuthin&lt;/span&gt;]] ([[User talk:kingofnuthin|&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia; color: teal&quot;&gt;talk&lt;/span&gt;]]) 17:32, 27 April 2026 (UTC)
::@[[User:Samuel.dellit|Samuel.dellit]] looping you in here so you're aware. I don't think any pages like this (i.e. source text) can be kept here, since we are explicitly and unambiguously not a text repository per [[WB:SOURCE]]. I am inclined to speedily delete for that reason, but I want to hear from the primary editor. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:40, 27 April 2026 (UTC)
:::Thanks for looping me in.
:::This is not simply a transcription of the magazine.
:::It includes new formatting to make the content better reachable.
:::It includes commentary to place the transcribed material in context.
:::It permits related material to be placed in chronological order.
:::The version here is not complete (as per banner included), hence the URL link not working (National Library of Australia's Trove has been updated).
:::There is no point in placing this material on Wikisource as the Trove website is functionally similar and now provides for text correction (a fairly recent development).
:::I have not be editing Wikibooks for the last six month's following a personal matter but now slowly returning to the task.
:::[[User:Samuel.dellit|Samuel.dellit]] ([[User talk:Samuel.dellit|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Samuel.dellit|contribs]]) 19:08, 27 April 2026 (UTC)
::::I'm still not sure whether this makes it in-scope at Wikibooks and suitable for the book-like scope of this work, so I'm looping in other admins to weigh in on scope and consensus @[[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]] @[[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] @[[User:JJPMaster|JJPMaster]] @[[User:SHB2000|SHB2000]]. For material that is planned but not yet enacted after a significant period, I'm wondering if user space is more suitable than main space.  —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 19:48, 3 May 2026 (UTC)
:::::This is just one page of a book, right? It's not like the entire wikibook is a transcription. I'm inclined to keep it unless there is something I am missing. &quot;For material that is planned but not yet enacted after a significant period&quot; - that's a draft and can generally stay in article space. [[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]] ([[User talk:Leaderboard|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Leaderboard|contribs]]) 05:09, 4 May 2026 (UTC)
::::::My thoughts are similar to Leaderboard's. --[[User:SHB2000|SHB2000]] ([[User talk:SHB2000|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/SHB2000|contribs]]) 05:47, 4 May 2026 (UTC)
::::::@[[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]] @[[User:SHB2000|SHB2000]] Thank you, and good to know. Unless I am misunderstanding, the plan is actually to host many source texts in this book's namespace (see other subpages in [[History of wireless telegraphy and broadcasting in Australia/Topical/Publications]]) and not limited to this one page. Additionally, do we have anything in policy regarding how long drafts can stay in mainspace? I couldn't find anything, and it strikes me as unconstructive to the project if pages with significant issues (e.g. scope, quality, etc) are left in the mainspace for months to years. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 19:15, 4 May 2026 (UTC)
:::::::@[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] Thank you for your considered responses, the following is provided as background summary. 
:::::::(1) I should mention that all of these pages were speedily deleted six months ago on the basis of breach of copyright, despite the fact that they are in the public domain (yes I was remiss in not making this clear in the relevant discussion pages, and yes I was aware of the need for copyright explanation, but was overly focussed on content creation). I was hit by about 20 simultaneous speedily delete notifications, responded to 2 or 3 thinking that would be sufficient, but later found they had all been deleted (I was not active on Wikibooks at the time). My intention is to provide clear public domain information for each page in the coming months, but I am only one person and need time to give effect. Copyright worldwide is quite complex.
:::::::(2) I was hit by this RfD about 2 weeks ago, nominally a single subpage, but with the threat of dozens of subpages being similarly treated. This time the basis of the RfD was breach of the &quot;Not a text repository&quot; policy, of which I was not previously aware. I see in the policy that there is a clear exception for annotated texts and I will further develop content in support of that exception (you will see that is my general practice in any event). There are literally hundreds of articles in this Wikibook already heavily annotated, simply on the basis of good authorship e.g.
:::::::https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/History_of_wireless_telegraphy_and_broadcasting_in_Australia/Topical/Biographies/Clement_Edgar_Ames/Notes
:::::::https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/History_of_wireless_telegraphy_and_broadcasting_in_Australia/Topical/Stations/7BU_Burnie/Notes
:::::::But, again, I am only one person and need time to give effect. [[User:Samuel.dellit|Samuel.dellit]] ([[User talk:Samuel.dellit|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Samuel.dellit|contribs]]) 19:59, 4 May 2026 (UTC)
:::::::@[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] As far as I can see, isn't the goal to annotate most of those pages? And there is no set limit for a draft. The main reason we'd delete a draft is if the book ''itself'' has nothing of value, which is not the case here. [[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]] ([[User talk:Leaderboard|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Leaderboard|contribs]]) 04:49, 5 May 2026 (UTC)
::::::::Got it, thank you! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 00:06, 6 May 2026 (UTC)
: As an admin who was involved in deleting this (and related subpages) and ''only'' undeleting it later per the author's request, I therefore '''recuse''' (will not do) on taking any administrative actions for this request. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#0024FF&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 17:33, 27 April 2026 (UTC)
:{{vd}} - including other similar pages - per nom. Transcriptions of previously published works, like these magazines, belong on Wikisource. I don't see any evidence of substantial commentary in any of the pages I've looked at. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 17:47, 28 April 2026 (UTC)
::Additionally, I'd note that creating content like [[History of wireless telegraphy and broadcasting in Australia/Editing/Fair dealing]] or [[History of wireless telegraphy and broadcasting in Australia/Editing/Not a text repository]] is not helpful. This sort of argumentative content clearly does not belong in a book. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 02:14, 9 May 2026 (UTC)
:{{keep}} - including other similar pages - annotated texts WB:AT are a clear exception to Wikibooks &quot;Not a text repository&quot; policy; these are subpages of a very large body of work (I understand the largest Wikibook in Wikibooks) and integral to its overall development; yes, the pages are a work in progress and the annotations are as yet limited, but I will now prioritise their development[[User:Samuel.dellit|Samuel.dellit]] ([[User talk:Samuel.dellit|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Samuel.dellit|contribs]]) 19:28, 3 May 2026 (UTC)
:{{keep}}. Annotated texts are an exception and while there can be a debate about how much annotation is enough, at the moment I think we should accept the primary editor's position in respect of their intent. [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 13:58, 5 May 2026 (UTC)
: {{keep}} per above. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#0024FF&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 23:07, 19 May 2026 (UTC)
: @[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] Please consider closing this RFD discussion. This was running for more than one month (I believe) and as I can tell there is probably no consensus to delete. Thank you. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#0024FF&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 01:30, 10 July 2026 (UTC)

== [[History Books]] ==
Minimal existing content is editorialized, book scope unclear, no sourcing —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:47, 27 April 2026 (UTC)

:{{comment}} - there is one unlinked subpage of this book, [[History Books/Who Was Alexander the Great/Introduction]]. I'm not impressed by the content (it's basically historical fiction written for a young child), but it's not hopeless. I'd encourage the author to create an account to allow us to communicate with them. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 18:34, 28 April 2026 (UTC)
::If it is really aimed at children, shouldn't it be moved to the Wikijunior: namespace? [[User:kingofnuthin|&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia; color: lime&quot;&gt;kingofnuthin&lt;/span&gt;]] ([[User talk:kingofnuthin|&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia; color: teal&quot;&gt;talk&lt;/span&gt;]]) 18:55, 28 April 2026 (UTC)
: @[[User:Kingofnuthin|Kingofnuthin]] and @[[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]]: I am unsure whethere there is consensus to either keep or move–I am not seeing any bolded votes, and there is not much participation here. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#0024FF&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 01:34, 10 July 2026 (UTC)

== [[Objective Projection: Why the Brain Never Forgets Some Stories]] ==

Undisclosed AI-generated content. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 02:13, 9 May 2026 (UTC)

:&lt;nowiki&gt;'''Keep'''&lt;/nowiki&gt; — Comment from page author/subject expert.
:I am Levent Bulut, the originator of the &lt;nowiki&gt;''&lt;/nowiki&gt;Objective Projection&lt;nowiki&gt;''&lt;/nowiki&gt; methodology described in this book (ORCID: 0009-0007-7500-2261, Wikidata: Q138048287). I want to address the AI-generated content concern directly and transparently.
:&lt;nowiki&gt;'''&lt;/nowiki&gt;On the content itself:&lt;nowiki&gt;'''&lt;/nowiki&gt; The methodology, theoretical framework (the six-variable operator E(r) = projS(M, T, V, Δ, Ω, Ng), the Six Golden Rules, the Six-Layer Framework), and all original arguments are my own intellectual work, developed and published independently. This is documented through:
:* 26 DOI-registered academic publications on Zenodo (search: &quot;Levent Bulut Objective Projection&quot;)
:* A peer-reviewed submission currently under review at &lt;nowiki&gt;''&lt;/nowiki&gt;Digital Humanities Quarterly&lt;nowiki&gt;''&lt;/nowiki&gt;
:* Parallel Turkish-language Wikibook and Wikiversity pages on the same methodology
:* An open-source SFT dataset on Hugging Face (leventbulut/objective-projection)
:&lt;nowiki&gt;'''&lt;/nowiki&gt;On AI assistance:&lt;nowiki&gt;'''&lt;/nowiki&gt; I used AI tools (Claude) for English translation polish and copy-editing from my Turkish source materials — the same way a non-native English-speaking academic would use a human translator or editor. The &lt;nowiki&gt;''&lt;/nowiki&gt;ideas, structure, terminology, citations, and arguments&lt;nowiki&gt;''&lt;/nowiki&gt; are entirely my own and pre-date the Wikibooks version, traceable through Zenodo DOI timestamps starting in 2025.
:&lt;nowiki&gt;'''&lt;/nowiki&gt;Proposed remedy instead of deletion:&lt;nowiki&gt;'''&lt;/nowiki&gt; I am happy to:
:# Add a clear AI-assistance disclosure to the book's preface, per Wikibooks transparency norms
:# Add inline citations to the underlying DOI-registered publications for every major claim
:# Link to the parallel Turkish version and academic record
:This would address the &lt;nowiki&gt;''&lt;/nowiki&gt;undisclosed&lt;nowiki&gt;''&lt;/nowiki&gt; part of the concern (which is the actionable policy issue) while preserving content that is original academic work by an identifiable author with a published track record. Deletion of original scholarship because translation assistance was used would set a concerning precedent for non-native English contributors.
:&lt;nowiki&gt;I request a few days to add the disclosure and citations before any deletion action. ~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt; [[Special:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-28847-60|&amp;#126;2026-28847-60]] ([[User talk:&amp;#126;2026-28847-60|talk]]) 18:46, 13 May 2026 (UTC)
::Administrative assistance needed: Automated filters blocking structural improvements and disclosures
::'''Request for Help''' — I am Levent Bulut, the author of this book. I have already provided my AI disclosure and academic credentials (ORCID, DOI list) here in this discussion.
::I am trying to update the book to comply with Wikibooks standards by:
::Adding a formal '''AI assistance disclosure''' at the top of the page.
::Restructuring the content into an '''instructional textbook format''' (adding Learning Objectives).
::Converting plain text formulas into '''LaTeX''' ( format).
::Updating references to include full academic '''DOI''' records.
::However, the automated filter is blocking all my attempts:
::If I try to replace the content with the improved version, it triggers the '''&quot;large amount of content removal&quot;''' filter.
::If I try to add specific academic links, it triggers the '''&quot;automated link/spam&quot;''' filter.
::I am essentially trapped by the filters while trying to improve the book and follow transparency norms. Could an administrator please either whitelist my account or manually apply the improved version of the text? I am ready to provide the full MediaWiki code here if requested. My intent is purely constructive and academic. [[Special:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-28847-60|&amp;#126;2026-28847-60]] ([[User talk:&amp;#126;2026-28847-60|talk]]) 19:15, 13 May 2026 (UTC)
::: Hi, @[[User:~2026-28847-60|~2026-28847-60]]. Your account was incorrectly locked by a steward. It is now currently unlocked. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#0024FF&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 17:44, 15 May 2026 (UTC)
:::: Pinging @[[User:Projection Architect|Projection Architect]], who was previously LeventBulut. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#0024FF&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 15:51, 4 July 2026 (UTC)
::Please review [[Wikibooks:Artificial intelligence]]. It states unequivocally that {{tq|LLMs may not be used to generate or summarize material and ideas at Wikibooks}}, and that {{tq|translations made by LLMs are not allowed on Wikibooks}}. The fact that you did not disclose your usage of AI is part of the problem, but disclosing it does not make it allowable either.
::More broadly, based on what you've said above, the content of this book is a reflection of your personal theories on writing. This is essentially [[Wikibooks:Original research]] and is not permitted. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 22:36, 13 May 2026 (UTC)

== [[Guide to Tor hidden services and elements of the Tor network]] ==

This book was created in 2014 with some odd history, but never really progressed beyond a preface and [[Guide to Tor hidden services and elements of the Tor network/Chapter 3: Darknet markets in theory and practice|a single subpage]]. As a result of [https://blog.torproject.org/v2-deprecation-timeline/ changes to the Tor network] made in 2020-2021, all of the .onion links in this book are dead; there's nothing usable left here. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 08:54, 4 July 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>isif0yumylrt4s6kelk5dkcdsmrao9l</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4653448</id>
      <parentid>4653447</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-10T01:39:06Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Codename Noreste</username>
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== [[Salute, Jonathan!]] and its translations ==

&lt;div style=&quot;column-count: 7;&quot;&gt;
* [[Salute, Jonathan!|Interlingue/Occidental]] ([[w:en:Occidental|w]], original)
* [[Òla, Ionatà!|Audià]]
* [[Holo, Jonathan!|Cristianés]]
* [[Terve, Jonathan!|Ekumenski]]
* [[Hej, Jonathan! (Germanisch)|Germanisch]]
* [[Salom, Jonatan!|Globasa]]
* [[Àlŏ, Jonathan!|Guosa]] ([[w:en:Guosa|w]])
* [[Salut, Jonathan!|Idiom Neutral]] ([[w:en:Idiom Neutral|w]])
* [[Saluto, Jonathan! (Ido)|Ido]] ([[w:en:Ido|w]])
* [[Hallo, Jonathan!|Interlingua]] ([[w:en:Interlingua|w]])
* [[Salut, Jonathan! (Interocidental)|Interocidental]]
* [[Bune Ğonatan!|Lingaust]]
* [[Oila, Jonatan!|Lingue Simple]]
* [[Haloo, Jonatan!|Lingwa de Planeta]] ([[w:en:Lingwa de Planeta|w]])
* [[Sin Chao, Jonathan!|Masa Tang]]
* [[Salut, ionatano!|Meteza]]
* [[Salu, Jon!|Mini]]
* [[Hay, Jonathan!|Mirad]]
* [[Hai, Jon!|Monav]]
* [[Sesan Jon!|Monkel]]
* [[Salam, Jonathan!|Mundeze]]
* [[Dag, Jonathan!|Negerhollands]] ([[w:en:Negerhollands|w]])
* [[Salut Jonathan!|Neo]] ([[w:en:Neo|w]])
* [[Hej, Jonathan!|Nordien]]
* [[Saluto, Jonathan!|Novial]] ([[w:en:Novial|w]])
* [[Salute, Jonathan! (Novlingue)|Novlingue]]
* [[Alo, Jonathan!|Numo]]
* [[Hela, Jonathan!|Proyo]]
* [[Salute, Jonathan! (Romanica)|Romanica]] ([[w:en:Romanica|w]])
* [[Simi, Jonathan!|Solresol]] ([[w:en:Solresol|w]])
* [[Toki a, jan Jonatan!|Toki Pona]] ([[w:en:Toki Pona|w]])
* [[Glidis, o Jonathan!|Volapük]] ([[w:en:Volapük|w]])
&lt;/div&gt;

There are a couple of issues here:

# Beyond their introductions, all of these books are written in languages which are not English, making them out of scope for the English Wikibooks.
# All but one of these books are in fact written in constructed languages, most of them in recently created conlangs. In some cases (e.g. [[Sin Chao, Jonathan!]]), I can't find any reliable sources describing the target language outside of the translation itself.
# Most of the translations (i.e. other than [[Salute, Jonathan!]] itself) were abandoned within the first five or so chapters (out of 100); none of them are complete, and there seems to be little effort to complete any of them.

While I recognize that this is an unusual project, and potentially one which could have some value, it's not at all clear to me that the English Wikibooks is the right place for it. — [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 00:24, 29 September 2024 (UTC)

: I'm really not sure what to do about these ones. While I recognize that this approach is certainly one method of teaching a language, I'm not sure that it constitutes an educational textbook. We do require that the English Wikibooks be written in English—for language-learning books, this typically means that the instructional parts are in English while the exercises are in the language being taught. I do think that if the language doesn't have much supporting evidence outside the book itself, it can safely be deleted. — [[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:01, 29 September 2024 (UTC)

: Author of the book here. I originally wanted to put it in the Interlingue Wikibooks https://ie.wikibooks.org/wiki/Principal_p%C3%A1gine but it somehow got locked when I wasn't paying attention and so I ended up putting it here. Getting it unlocked requires going through the process of starting an Incubator and all the rest so I opted for here and then started putting some English-only content once it was done. It's sort of in the same vein as books like Lingua Latina per se Illustrata that have separate versions with teacher notes and whatnot. [[Salute, Jonathan!/Capitul 1 - with notes]] After it was done the auxlang community really took to it which was a nice surprise. I think Ido has the largest number of chapters at the moment at 15.
:If the vast content of this book could be used to justify a quick reopening of the Interlingue Wikibooks to move it there, I'd love to do that. I imagine that an incubator with 100+ book chapters would be enough to open a Wikibooks and that's what this is. — [[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]] ([[User talk:Mithridates|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mithridates|contribs]]) 06:02, 29 September 2024 (UTC)

: Ah, I just realized that we do have a proposal to reopen the Interlingue Wikibooks: https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Requests_for_new_languages/Wikibooks_Interlingue along with an Incubator page here. https://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wb/ie/Principal_p%C3%A1gine
: How easy would it be to migrate the entirety of Salute Jonathan to there? — [[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]] ([[User talk:Mithridates|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mithridates|contribs]]) 06:30, 29 September 2024 (UTC)

:: Hi @[[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]]! I'm not sure how incubator projects work, but I fully support migrating these books there. You may want to inquire over there and link to this discussion to support your request to move the content over there. Cheers! — [[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 13:16, 29 September 2024 (UTC)

::: Hi! Actually I have a third idea to propose after thinking about this again today (haven't been here much since I finished the book): I noticed that there is more English content than I remember and that might make it an awkward fit for the Interlingue Wikibooks. I definitely agree that having all the auxlang translations for new auxlang projects goes well beyond the scope of this Wikibooks. Finally, there are some auxlangs that are notable with their own Wikipedias.
::: So the idea is the following:
:::# Leave the original here and I can continue the work on the version with English notes and grammar. That will make it the same as Lingua Latina per se Illustrata, English by the Nature Method, Athenaze and all the rest.
:::# The Interlingua one can move to the Interlingua Wikibooks (maybe Romanica too if they want as it is sort of a dialect of Interlingua).
:::# For Ido and Lingua Franca Nova which have a Wikipedia but not a Wikibooks, I'm a little bit unsure...technically they could have their own version like the original one but would require English explanations. I could let them know and see if they are willing to do so and see what they think (work on adding English to the books vs. move the content elsewhere).
:::# The rest can move to a Github repo, then be deleted, and the front page of this book can have a single link to the repo.
::: Any thoughts on that? Adding the extra English content will be easy as it is my book and I know it inside and out.
::: Edit: [https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Salute,_Jonathan!/Grammar_(pronouns) this page] I just added.  — [[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]] ([[User talk:Mithridates|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mithridates|contribs]]) 13:50, 29 September 2024 (UTC)

:::: Thanks for taking the time to consider this! Here are my responses/questions:
::::* Is the original [[Salute, Jonathan!]] (Occidental)? Since that one is quite fleshed out, I agree that if you edit it so the primary language of the book (e.g. headers, instructions, etc) are written in English while leaving the actual story in Occidental, it would be okay and fit in more with instructional language textbooks.
::::* For your points 2 and 3, I'm not sure how those other projects work, so I'll leave it up to them. I'm not quite sure why they would need to move, since in theory they could be revised with English as the language of instruction? Although, they have been left incomplete for a long time.
::::* For your point 4, I have no problem with that. Cheers! — [[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 16:51, 29 September 2024 (UTC)

::::: Hello again, it's the weekend so I have a bit more time to work on this. I've decided to merge the extra content from the following five chapters since the difference is fairly small and the original chapters should now have this English content. Could you delete these five pages now that they are no longer needed? [[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]] ([[User talk:Mithridates|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mithridates|contribs]]) 14:02, 5 October 2024 (UTC)
::::: [[Salute, Jonathan!/Capitul 1 - with notes]]
::::: [[Salute, Jonathan!/Capitul 2 - with notes]]
::::: [[Salute, Jonathan!/Capitul 3 - with notes]]
::::: [[Salute, Jonathan!/Capitul 4 - with notes]]
::::: [[Salute, Jonathan!/Capitul 5 - with notes]] [[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]] ([[User talk:Mithridates|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mithridates|contribs]]) 14:02, 5 October 2024 (UTC)
:::::: [[File:Yes_check.svg|{{#ifeq:|small|8|15}}px|link=|alt=]] {{#ifeq:|small|&lt;small&gt;|}}'''Done'''{{#ifeq:|small|&lt;/small&gt;|}} — [[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:34, 5 October 2024 (UTC)

::::::: Hi again! No luck trying to find a home for the random language translations on other auxlang wikis, can't find one that is actively maintained.
::::::: The thought struck me that maybe I could just put those ones on a sub page of my user page, would that be permitted? If not, I think I'll just stick them somewhere in GitHub and call it a day since none of the people who started the translations seem to care enough to do anything about them. I'd rather not see them outright disappear but since they aren't mine I don't care enough about them to do much more work than copy and paste them somewhere.
::::::: (I would leave the ones in languages with an ISO-639 code and Wikipedia here, of course) — [[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]] ([[User talk:Mithridates|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mithridates|contribs]]) 14:13, 9 November 2024 (UTC)

:::::::: Thank you for checking! I don't personally see an issue with moving them to your user space right now. Cheers — [[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 17:21, 9 November 2024 (UTC)

::::::::: Thanks a lot! I've started a single page where I will put them all here [[User:Mithridates/SJ]] and will proceed slowly due to lack of time and also to avoid stepping on any toes / asking you to delete too much at a time and possibly deleting the wrong content.
::::::::: For this week I have put the content for the languages Audia, Cristianès, Guosa, Lingaust, Mini, Mirad, and Monav on that page as they all have a single page of content and didn't take much time to move. Please delete those. Once they are gone I will add a note on the main page letting people know where they have gone (in addition to a thank you for their interest in the book! I do love how many people have recognized it as a good source material for teaching a language). — [[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]] ([[User talk:Mithridates|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mithridates|contribs]]) 04:09, 10 November 2024 (UTC)

: {{keep}} the translations for languages that have an article on the English Wikipedia, i.e. Guosa, Idiom Neutral, Ido, Interlingua, Lingwa de Planeta, Negerhollands, Neo, Novial, Occidental, Romanica, Solresol, Toki Pona, and Volapük.
: Translations for languages that don't have an article can be kept if they have reliable sources, which I was able to find for the following languages (if you think they are not reliable, please let me know):
:* Globasa: [https://www.languagesandnumbers.com/how-to-count-in-globasa/en/globasa/] [https://greyson.conlang.org/2020/01/29/shouting-out-globasa-and-pandunia/]
:* Mini: [https://jprogr.github.io/mini] [https://www.omniglot.com/language/phrases/mini.htm] [https://www.languagesandnumbers.com/how-to-count-in-mini/en/mini/]
: {{del}} and move to [[User:Mithridates/SJ]] the rest of the translations, i.e. Audià/Audian, Cristianés, Ekumenski, Germanisch, Interocidental, Lingaust, Lingue Simple, Masa Tang, Mirad, Monav, Monkel, Mundeze, Nordien, Novlingue, Numo, Proyo, and Scuian/Meteza. If you can find reliable sources for those languages, please let me know.
: In particular, I could not find resources for Audià/Audian and Monav after searching through 15 and 17 pages on Google, respectively. It doesn't help that [[Òla, Ionatà!|their]] [[Hai, Jon!|translations]] don't explain what those languages are and where to find resources for them. This makes contributing to those translations almost impossible until @[[User:Caro de Segeda|Caro de Segeda]] can provide resources to us. It's possible that the resources may have disappared from the Internet, or that those languages were created by Caro de Segeda him/herself. If you can find resources for Audià/Audian and Monav, please let me know.
: I'm notifying the primary contributors of the translations: @[[User:Caro de Segeda|Caro de Segeda]], @[[User:Frzzl|Frzzl]], @[[User:Greatscotteh|Greatscotteh]], @[[User:IHateNumbers234|IHateNumbers234]], @[[User:Jayeless2|Jayeless2]], @[[User:Morozof|Morozof]], @[[User:Omnihom|Omnihom]], @[[User:Omoutuazn|Omoutuazn]], @[[User:PovriNaivon|PovriNaivon]], @[[User:Sir Beluga|Sir Beluga]] and @[[User:Tyoyafud|Tyoyafud]]. — [[User:EJPPhilippines|EJPPhilippines]] ([[User talk:EJPPhilippines|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/EJPPhilippines|contribs]]) 09:52, 30 June 2025 (UTC)

:: Caro de Segeda said on [https://www.reddit.com/r/conlangs/comments/1lcnz9g/comment/n0sc3wx/ Reddit] that Monav was created by him/her and that he/she didn't publish any resources about it other than [[Hai, Jon!]]. With '''zero''' other resources to rely on for contributing to the translation, and the fact that Monav is in [[User:Mithridates/SJ]], [[Hai, Jon!]] should be speedy deleted. — [[User:EJPPhilippines|EJPPhilippines]] ([[User talk:EJPPhilippines|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/EJPPhilippines|contribs]]) 01:38, 3 July 2025 (UTC)

::: I've undone the speedy deletion as Caro de Segeda posted a [https://prexins.wordpress.com/2025/07/04/monav/ resource] for Monav. — [[User:EJPPhilippines|EJPPhilippines]] ([[User talk:EJPPhilippines|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/EJPPhilippines|contribs]]) 07:18, 4 July 2025 (UTC)

:::: You can delete all the ones that I have created myself, I have already moved them to other places. — [[User:Caro de Segeda|Caro de Segeda]] ([[User talk:Caro de Segeda|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Caro de Segeda|contribs]]) 12:39, 5 July 2025 (UTC)

{{outdent|::::}}I don't know if this is helpful since it wouldn't apply to most of these, but [[s:mul:]] could hold some of these. — [[User:Arlo Barnes|Arlo Barnes]] ([[User talk:Arlo Barnes|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Arlo Barnes|contribs]]) 09:18, 30 November 2025 (UTC)

: I don't think that would be within the scope of that project. I'm not aware of any other situation where Wikisource publishes translations of texts created on Wikimedia projects - that's usually left up to other language editions of the same project. — [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 05:34, 1 December 2025 (UTC)

:: In this situation there isn't a separate [[s:ie:]] distinct from Multilingual Wikisource (see [[meta:Wikisource#List of Wikisources]]). In fact, there are very few multilingual wikis in the Wikimedia sphere; while this project ''could'' move to a Miraheze-hosted or similar wiki farm location, I think it would be a missed opportunity. I suppose an [[Interlingue]] book could be started in [[shelf:Constructed languages]] which would have all 100 chapters as an appendix (and likewise for the other languages), but that also seems non-ideal since it requires an English-language text that doesn't currently exist to be created. [[WB:AT]] seems to describe a similar situation to this one and prescribe Wikisource as the solution, and [[WB:SOURCE]] mentions fiction as out-of-scope for Wikibooks (even as in this case, language-educational fiction). [[s:mul:Wikisource:about Wikisource]] simply speaks of source texts and doesn't mention publication requirements, so maybe that is specific to some of the monolingual editions? — [[User:Arlo Barnes|Arlo Barnes]] ([[User talk:Arlo Barnes|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Arlo Barnes|contribs]]) 22:28, 5 December 2025 (UTC)

:{{keep}} 100% keep. These books are a core part of language textbooks on Wikibooks and have been for years. Not sure why this is even being debated.--[[User:Xania|Xania]] [[Image:Flag_of_Estonia.svg|15px]]  [[Image:Flag_of_Ukraine.svg|15px]] [[User talk:Xania|&lt;sup&gt;talk&lt;/sup&gt;]] 17:55, 16 May 2026 (UTC)

::With all due respect, some of the books included in this nomination (like [[Sin Chao, Jonathan!]]) are written in constructed languages which are not substantially attested anywhere else. I struggle to imagine any educational purpose for such a book. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 00:12, 17 May 2026 (UTC)

== [[International Baccalaureate]] ==

Not actually a book in and of itself; rather, it is just a compilation of links to other books —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:24, 18 October 2024 (UTC)
: Could this be salvaged as a shelf? [[User:Pppery|Pppery]] ([[User talk:Pppery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Pppery|contribs]]) 05:23, 27 January 2025 (UTC)
::Probably, but are the linked books even useful? IB exams change from year to year - sometimes quite dramatically - so an old exam guide is of very limited value. Many of these books were written 10-15 years ago, and some of them (like [[IB French]]) even have comments indicating that they're no longer applicable. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 02:18, 8 December 2025 (UTC)

== [[Character List for Baxter&amp;Sagart]] ==

Seems completely out of scope as an educational book; it's just a list of characters and outlinks —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:53, 18 October 2024 (UTC)

:Adding [[Character List for Karlgren's GSR]] and [[Character List for Schuessler's CGSR]] for the same reason —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:55, 18 October 2024 (UTC)

:These three books do make a package and I agree they should be considered together. However, I strongly object to deleting them. They are really extremely useful resources. I use them every week and I know that many people who do work on Old Chinese phonology do so. There are lots of books out there that are lists of characters, these are called dictionaries. For example Axel Schuessler's ABC Etymological Dictionary of Old Chinese, or Pulleyblank's Lexicon of Reconstructed Pronunciation in Early Middle Chinese, Late Middle Chinese, and Early Mandarin. I see it as entirely a good thing for reference works of this kind to be available free online rather than only in expensive books in university research libraries. If this is in violation of a Wikibooks policy, I would at least like that policy to be drawn to my attention and to have some constructive comment offered about which Wikiproject such a resource should fall under. I will also say on a personal note that I have put literally hundreds of hours of work into these projects and it would grieve me a lot to see this work simply vanish, in particular when I know that colleagues around the world use these books. --[[User:Tibetologist|Tibetologist]] ([[User talk:Tibetologist|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Tibetologist|contribs]]) 07:27, 1 November 2024 (UTC)
::Hi @[[User:Tibetologist|Tibetologist]], and thank you for the feedback! Official Wikibooks policy does not permit standalone dictionaries (see [[WB:DICT]]), though I understand the argument that it is a useful resource. I am wondering if there might be a home for it at [[Wiktionary:Wiktionary:Welcome, newcomers|Wiktionary]] or [[Wikiversity:Wikiversity:SHARE|Wikiversity]]? Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 12:14, 1 November 2024 (UTC)
:::The policy says to use Wiktionary, but these books cannot be moved there. In fact they link there, you can understand me as having made an index to wiktionary, if you like, where the ORDER of the characters is extremely important, information that would be lost in Wiktionary. 
:::Wikiversity is not a project I participate in, and in any event my books here are older than it, so this option was not available for me at the relevant moment. If you are offering to move my books to Wikiversity, that is very kind of you and I will very graciously accept. [[User:Tibetologist|Tibetologist]] ([[User talk:Tibetologist|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Tibetologist|contribs]]) 14:10, 1 November 2024 (UTC)
::::I have pinged over at Wikiversity Colloquium to ask about suitability and have looped you into the conversation over there. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:20, 1 November 2024 (UTC)
::I concur. I'm just an undergrad who tries to learn about Sino-Tibetan historical linguistics in his free time but I've found this wikibook to be incredibly useful, and I keep it open in one tab while I watch Professor Nathan Hill's lectures that he uploads to youtube in another tab, and another tab for taking notes. In fact if I remember correctly Professor Hill actually pointed his students to this wikibook. 
::I'm not familiar with [[wikiversity:Wikiversity:SHARE|Wikiversity]] but if all the content were as accessible there as it is here then I think that could work.  [[User:ChromeBones|ChromeBones]] ([[User talk:ChromeBones|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/ChromeBones|contribs]]) 02:43, 9 July 2025 (UTC)
:Per [[:v:Wikiversity:Colloquium#Import_Resource_From_Wikibooks?]], I recommend copying and pasting, including attribution via the edit summary and talk page, add appropriate categories and links, and then it could be deleted locally. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 22:32, 3 November 2024 (UTC)

== [[Suomen kieli käyttöön]] ==

Multiple pages in this book are written entirely in Finnish, which is out of the enWB scope. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 00:09, 19 October 2024 (UTC)

:I was going to say whether we should ask any fiwikibooks sysop to maybe see if this could be transwikied to fiwb if it's within the scope there. But [[:fi:Toiminnot:Käyttäjät/sysop]] indicates that there are only 3 sysops, and only {{u|Anr}} and {{u|Zache}} have made edits this ''year''. If they deem it to be salvageable, then transwiki + delete, otherwise straight-up delete. --[[User:SHB2000|SHB2000]] ([[User talk:SHB2000|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/SHB2000|contribs]]) 11:24, 14 November 2024 (UTC)
::It seems that the idea behind the book was for the pages to be bilingual, as it’s a language learning book. That’s why there are Finnish texts included intentionally even on the pages that are complete. There are similar books in dewikibooks and ruwikibooks as well. For the English version, I think the easiest way to proceed would be to clean up and adjust the page layout to fit enwikibooks better, and then translate the missing parts. By the way, if anyone wants to update the book’s name in English, it can be titled ''&quot;Using the Finnish Language&quot;'' or ''&quot;Put Finnish Language into Use&quot;'' for a direct translation.   [[User:Zache|Zache]] ([[User talk:Zache|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Zache|contribs]]) 11:57, 14 November 2024 (UTC)

== [[AT&amp;T Mobility FAQ]] ==

* [[AT&amp;T Mobility FAQ]]
* [[AT&amp;T Mobility FAQ/MEdia Net Configuration]]
* [[AT&amp;T Mobility FAQ/Data Connect Configuration]]
An ''extremely'' outdated FAQ on AT&amp;T's cell phone services. Most of this document was written 20+ years ago as a Usenet FAQ; very little of it is accurate or useful anymore (particularly the two subpages, which have to do with obsolete configurations for &quot;tethering&quot; a computer to a cell phone). No objection if someone wants to update it, but there's clearly been no appetite to do that. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 22:20, 30 December 2024 (UTC)

:I'm wondering if it might make sense for us to develop some kind of policy on archiving books here. There are many like this one that have a good deal of content but are extremely out of date and just not useful as originally intended. ——[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 22:34, 30 December 2024 (UTC)
::@[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]]: See the newly developed [[Wikibooks:Outdated books]]. [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]&lt;sub&gt;[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]&lt;sub&gt;[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/sub&gt; ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 00:16, 31 December 2024 (UTC)
:::Ooh, thanks - something like that seems like it could be an appropriate way to handle this book. A lot of the other outdated books I've tagged have been so incomplete that they wouldn't have been particularly useful even as historical references; this one might at least have some interest.
:::Any chance we can get a separate namespace (maybe &quot;Archive:&quot;) set up for archived book content? That'd make it possible to do things like exclude them from on-site search by default. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 21:07, 31 December 2024 (UTC)
::::I think this might be a more extended discussion, so I'll bump it over to the [[Wikibooks talk:Outdated books|talk page of the draft policy]]! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 21:54, 31 December 2024 (UTC)

== Algebra/Chapter 10/Symmetric Polynomials ==

I personally believe that [[Algebra/Chapter 10/Symmetric Polynomials|this]], and all of the sections should be deleted for the fact that this goes WAY beyond the scope of what was intended for the Chapter (Algebra II level polynomials). [[User:GoreyCat|GoreyCat]] ([[User talk:GoreyCat|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/GoreyCat|contribs]]) 15:07, 6 February 2025 (UTC)

:'''Split''': Deletion here is not the best solution (see [[w:WP:ATD]]). Instead, this page and its subpages should be moved to another book, most likely [[Abstract Algebra]]. [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]&lt;sub&gt;[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]&lt;sub&gt;[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/sub&gt; ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 17:35, 6 February 2025 (UTC)
:{{keep}} since there is a good amount of content. If [[Abstract Algebra]] is appropriate, it seems like a fine idea to move there. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 22:59, 7 February 2025 (UTC)
::Eh, yeah, I supposed moving it is better. I just don't think it's suitable for where it appears. [[User:GoreyCat|GoreyCat]] ([[User talk:GoreyCat|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/GoreyCat|contribs]]) 01:40, 8 February 2025 (UTC)
== [[Puredyne]] ==

Development of Puredyne Linux was discontinued in 2012, and the software no longer appears to be available for download anywhere. (An archive of the web site is still up - with a bunch of embedded spam links - but the download links are all dead.) Is this a suitable candidate for archival (cf. [[Wikibooks:Outdated books]]), or should it just be deleted? [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 04:35, 5 March 2025 (UTC)

:I'd just archive stuff like this. Looks like a decent bit of work went into it, and you never know when someone might need to use Puredyne for some obscure project. I'd be willing to bet mirrors exist of it somewhere, or someone has it on a drive. If you want to find some stuff worth deleting, comb through [[:Category:Allbooks categories]]. [[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] ([[User talk:MediaKyle|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaKyle|contribs]]) 11:30, 5 March 2025 (UTC)

== [[Template:Qr-twwp]] ==
This isn't exactly a request to delete the template, but rather to merge it with {{tlx|Copypaste}}. The {{tlx|Qr-twwp}} template serves the same purpose as {{tlx|Copypaste}}, but without the seven-day period after which the page is deleted. This leads to confusion, as well as a perpetually full [[:Category:Queried pages]]. [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]&lt;sub&gt;[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]&lt;sub&gt;[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/sub&gt; ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 17:37, 30 March 2025 (UTC)

== [[Ghouls of the Miskatonic]] ==

I don't think that a plot summary of a book is in-scope here. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:43, 20 August 2025 (UTC)

:{{vd}} - at least, not a summary of ''this'' book. A summary and/or study guide to a notable work of literature might be in scope, but this is certainly not one. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 21:23, 25 August 2025 (UTC)
::Hi. I am the creator of the pages of this book. If I understand correctly, it has to be a summary of a notable work of literature? So what exactly is defined as such? I only started this as I thought it would be fun, interesting and encouraging to others who read the Arkham Horror novels, and I thought it was permitted as I've seen other summaries of books on wikibooks. [[User:Dayne90|Dayne90]] ([[User talk:Dayne90|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dayne90|contribs]]) 13:27, 26 August 2025 (UTC)
:::Your problem is it is just the plot... it needs to include an educational textual analysis to be in scope [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 12:47, 28 August 2025 (UTC)
::::And ideally it'd be a text which has ''already'' been the subject of literary analysis, such that the analysis on Wikibooks isn't original research. A notable work of literature like ''Frankenstein'' or ''Moby-Dick'' would easily meet that requirement; a tie-in novel for a tabletop RPG probably does not. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 22:08, 29 August 2025 (UTC)

== [[Template:Deleted page]] ==

Per [[Wikibooks:Reading room/Proposals#Retiring Template:Deleted page]], this is because the template is unnecessary given that creation protection (salting) is used instead. I am also proposing the deletion of the following categories used by this template:
* [[:Category:Protected deleted categories]]
* [[:Category:Protected deleted pages]]
Thanks. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#0024FF&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 15:36, 29 January 2026 (UTC)

:This seems premature - [[:Category:Protected deleted pages]] is still in use for pages with generic names. Is there a plan to transition those pages to create protection; if so, can that be implemented before deleting the templates/categories? [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 02:28, 30 January 2026 (UTC)
::JJPMaster proposed that the pages listed in that category should be moved to the [[MediaWiki:Titleblacklist|title blacklist]], and that {{tlx|naming policy notice}} shall be fully protected and used as an interface (title blacklist) message. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#0024FF&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 03:18, 30 January 2026 (UTC)
:::@[[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]]: Have you seen this reply? [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]&lt;sub&gt;[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]&lt;sub&gt;[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/sub&gt; ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 15:28, 11 February 2026 (UTC)
::::I have, but I'm not sure I follow. These templates, and the categories which they populate, are currently in use. Once that's no longer the case, I have no objection to deleting them - but they need to be delinked first. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 00:20, 12 February 2026 (UTC)
:::::I deleted the categories mentioned above, moved all the generic titles to the title blacklist, and for those pages that used {{tlx|Deleted page}}, I deleted then applied creation protection. An uninvolved admin can delete {{tlx|Deleted page}} and then close this request. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#0024FF&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 02:39, 30 March 2026 (UTC)
: Would an uninvolved admin delete the template and close this request? Pinging @[[User:Atcovi|Atcovi]]. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#0024FF&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 01:39, 10 July 2026 (UTC)

== [[History of wireless telegraphy and broadcasting in Australia/Topical/Publications/Wireless Weekly/Issues/1928 03 23]] ==
Transcribed from a magazine copy that cannot be traced via the URL provided. Generally archival of primary source works is undertaken on Wikisource (not Wikibooks), backed by a suitable page scan. This isn't at present. [[User:ShakespeareFan00|ShakespeareFan00]] ([[User talk:ShakespeareFan00|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/ShakespeareFan00|contribs]]) 16:32, 27 April 2026 (UTC)

:This doesn't need an RfD since it is obviously out of scope. You can instead put a CSD tag on the page. Additionally, it seems that the entire /Publications section contains only source works here, so it might require a mass deletion. [[User:kingofnuthin|&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia; color: lime&quot;&gt;kingofnuthin&lt;/span&gt;]] ([[User talk:kingofnuthin|&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia; color: teal&quot;&gt;talk&lt;/span&gt;]]) 17:32, 27 April 2026 (UTC)
::@[[User:Samuel.dellit|Samuel.dellit]] looping you in here so you're aware. I don't think any pages like this (i.e. source text) can be kept here, since we are explicitly and unambiguously not a text repository per [[WB:SOURCE]]. I am inclined to speedily delete for that reason, but I want to hear from the primary editor. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:40, 27 April 2026 (UTC)
:::Thanks for looping me in.
:::This is not simply a transcription of the magazine.
:::It includes new formatting to make the content better reachable.
:::It includes commentary to place the transcribed material in context.
:::It permits related material to be placed in chronological order.
:::The version here is not complete (as per banner included), hence the URL link not working (National Library of Australia's Trove has been updated).
:::There is no point in placing this material on Wikisource as the Trove website is functionally similar and now provides for text correction (a fairly recent development).
:::I have not be editing Wikibooks for the last six month's following a personal matter but now slowly returning to the task.
:::[[User:Samuel.dellit|Samuel.dellit]] ([[User talk:Samuel.dellit|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Samuel.dellit|contribs]]) 19:08, 27 April 2026 (UTC)
::::I'm still not sure whether this makes it in-scope at Wikibooks and suitable for the book-like scope of this work, so I'm looping in other admins to weigh in on scope and consensus @[[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]] @[[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] @[[User:JJPMaster|JJPMaster]] @[[User:SHB2000|SHB2000]]. For material that is planned but not yet enacted after a significant period, I'm wondering if user space is more suitable than main space.  —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 19:48, 3 May 2026 (UTC)
:::::This is just one page of a book, right? It's not like the entire wikibook is a transcription. I'm inclined to keep it unless there is something I am missing. &quot;For material that is planned but not yet enacted after a significant period&quot; - that's a draft and can generally stay in article space. [[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]] ([[User talk:Leaderboard|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Leaderboard|contribs]]) 05:09, 4 May 2026 (UTC)
::::::My thoughts are similar to Leaderboard's. --[[User:SHB2000|SHB2000]] ([[User talk:SHB2000|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/SHB2000|contribs]]) 05:47, 4 May 2026 (UTC)
::::::@[[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]] @[[User:SHB2000|SHB2000]] Thank you, and good to know. Unless I am misunderstanding, the plan is actually to host many source texts in this book's namespace (see other subpages in [[History of wireless telegraphy and broadcasting in Australia/Topical/Publications]]) and not limited to this one page. Additionally, do we have anything in policy regarding how long drafts can stay in mainspace? I couldn't find anything, and it strikes me as unconstructive to the project if pages with significant issues (e.g. scope, quality, etc) are left in the mainspace for months to years. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 19:15, 4 May 2026 (UTC)
:::::::@[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] Thank you for your considered responses, the following is provided as background summary. 
:::::::(1) I should mention that all of these pages were speedily deleted six months ago on the basis of breach of copyright, despite the fact that they are in the public domain (yes I was remiss in not making this clear in the relevant discussion pages, and yes I was aware of the need for copyright explanation, but was overly focussed on content creation). I was hit by about 20 simultaneous speedily delete notifications, responded to 2 or 3 thinking that would be sufficient, but later found they had all been deleted (I was not active on Wikibooks at the time). My intention is to provide clear public domain information for each page in the coming months, but I am only one person and need time to give effect. Copyright worldwide is quite complex.
:::::::(2) I was hit by this RfD about 2 weeks ago, nominally a single subpage, but with the threat of dozens of subpages being similarly treated. This time the basis of the RfD was breach of the &quot;Not a text repository&quot; policy, of which I was not previously aware. I see in the policy that there is a clear exception for annotated texts and I will further develop content in support of that exception (you will see that is my general practice in any event). There are literally hundreds of articles in this Wikibook already heavily annotated, simply on the basis of good authorship e.g.
:::::::https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/History_of_wireless_telegraphy_and_broadcasting_in_Australia/Topical/Biographies/Clement_Edgar_Ames/Notes
:::::::https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/History_of_wireless_telegraphy_and_broadcasting_in_Australia/Topical/Stations/7BU_Burnie/Notes
:::::::But, again, I am only one person and need time to give effect. [[User:Samuel.dellit|Samuel.dellit]] ([[User talk:Samuel.dellit|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Samuel.dellit|contribs]]) 19:59, 4 May 2026 (UTC)
:::::::@[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] As far as I can see, isn't the goal to annotate most of those pages? And there is no set limit for a draft. The main reason we'd delete a draft is if the book ''itself'' has nothing of value, which is not the case here. [[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]] ([[User talk:Leaderboard|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Leaderboard|contribs]]) 04:49, 5 May 2026 (UTC)
::::::::Got it, thank you! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 00:06, 6 May 2026 (UTC)
: As an admin who was involved in deleting this (and related subpages) and ''only'' undeleting it later per the author's request, I therefore '''recuse''' (will not do) on taking any administrative actions for this request. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#0024FF&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 17:33, 27 April 2026 (UTC)
:{{vd}} - including other similar pages - per nom. Transcriptions of previously published works, like these magazines, belong on Wikisource. I don't see any evidence of substantial commentary in any of the pages I've looked at. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 17:47, 28 April 2026 (UTC)
::Additionally, I'd note that creating content like [[History of wireless telegraphy and broadcasting in Australia/Editing/Fair dealing]] or [[History of wireless telegraphy and broadcasting in Australia/Editing/Not a text repository]] is not helpful. This sort of argumentative content clearly does not belong in a book. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 02:14, 9 May 2026 (UTC)
:{{keep}} - including other similar pages - annotated texts WB:AT are a clear exception to Wikibooks &quot;Not a text repository&quot; policy; these are subpages of a very large body of work (I understand the largest Wikibook in Wikibooks) and integral to its overall development; yes, the pages are a work in progress and the annotations are as yet limited, but I will now prioritise their development[[User:Samuel.dellit|Samuel.dellit]] ([[User talk:Samuel.dellit|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Samuel.dellit|contribs]]) 19:28, 3 May 2026 (UTC)
:{{keep}}. Annotated texts are an exception and while there can be a debate about how much annotation is enough, at the moment I think we should accept the primary editor's position in respect of their intent. [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 13:58, 5 May 2026 (UTC)
: {{keep}} per above. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#0024FF&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 23:07, 19 May 2026 (UTC)
: @[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] Please consider closing this RFD discussion. This was running for more than one month (I believe) and as I can tell there is probably no consensus to delete. Thank you. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#0024FF&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 01:30, 10 July 2026 (UTC)

== [[History Books]] ==
Minimal existing content is editorialized, book scope unclear, no sourcing —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:47, 27 April 2026 (UTC)

:{{comment}} - there is one unlinked subpage of this book, [[History Books/Who Was Alexander the Great/Introduction]]. I'm not impressed by the content (it's basically historical fiction written for a young child), but it's not hopeless. I'd encourage the author to create an account to allow us to communicate with them. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 18:34, 28 April 2026 (UTC)
::If it is really aimed at children, shouldn't it be moved to the Wikijunior: namespace? [[User:kingofnuthin|&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia; color: lime&quot;&gt;kingofnuthin&lt;/span&gt;]] ([[User talk:kingofnuthin|&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia; color: teal&quot;&gt;talk&lt;/span&gt;]]) 18:55, 28 April 2026 (UTC)
: @[[User:Kingofnuthin|Kingofnuthin]] and @[[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]]: I am unsure whethere there is consensus to either keep or move–I am not seeing any bolded votes, and there is not much participation here. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#0024FF&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 01:34, 10 July 2026 (UTC)

== [[Objective Projection: Why the Brain Never Forgets Some Stories]] ==

Undisclosed AI-generated content. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 02:13, 9 May 2026 (UTC)

:&lt;nowiki&gt;'''Keep'''&lt;/nowiki&gt; — Comment from page author/subject expert.
:I am Levent Bulut, the originator of the &lt;nowiki&gt;''&lt;/nowiki&gt;Objective Projection&lt;nowiki&gt;''&lt;/nowiki&gt; methodology described in this book (ORCID: 0009-0007-7500-2261, Wikidata: Q138048287). I want to address the AI-generated content concern directly and transparently.
:&lt;nowiki&gt;'''&lt;/nowiki&gt;On the content itself:&lt;nowiki&gt;'''&lt;/nowiki&gt; The methodology, theoretical framework (the six-variable operator E(r) = projS(M, T, V, Δ, Ω, Ng), the Six Golden Rules, the Six-Layer Framework), and all original arguments are my own intellectual work, developed and published independently. This is documented through:
:* 26 DOI-registered academic publications on Zenodo (search: &quot;Levent Bulut Objective Projection&quot;)
:* A peer-reviewed submission currently under review at &lt;nowiki&gt;''&lt;/nowiki&gt;Digital Humanities Quarterly&lt;nowiki&gt;''&lt;/nowiki&gt;
:* Parallel Turkish-language Wikibook and Wikiversity pages on the same methodology
:* An open-source SFT dataset on Hugging Face (leventbulut/objective-projection)
:&lt;nowiki&gt;'''&lt;/nowiki&gt;On AI assistance:&lt;nowiki&gt;'''&lt;/nowiki&gt; I used AI tools (Claude) for English translation polish and copy-editing from my Turkish source materials — the same way a non-native English-speaking academic would use a human translator or editor. The &lt;nowiki&gt;''&lt;/nowiki&gt;ideas, structure, terminology, citations, and arguments&lt;nowiki&gt;''&lt;/nowiki&gt; are entirely my own and pre-date the Wikibooks version, traceable through Zenodo DOI timestamps starting in 2025.
:&lt;nowiki&gt;'''&lt;/nowiki&gt;Proposed remedy instead of deletion:&lt;nowiki&gt;'''&lt;/nowiki&gt; I am happy to:
:# Add a clear AI-assistance disclosure to the book's preface, per Wikibooks transparency norms
:# Add inline citations to the underlying DOI-registered publications for every major claim
:# Link to the parallel Turkish version and academic record
:This would address the &lt;nowiki&gt;''&lt;/nowiki&gt;undisclosed&lt;nowiki&gt;''&lt;/nowiki&gt; part of the concern (which is the actionable policy issue) while preserving content that is original academic work by an identifiable author with a published track record. Deletion of original scholarship because translation assistance was used would set a concerning precedent for non-native English contributors.
:&lt;nowiki&gt;I request a few days to add the disclosure and citations before any deletion action. ~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt; [[Special:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-28847-60|&amp;#126;2026-28847-60]] ([[User talk:&amp;#126;2026-28847-60|talk]]) 18:46, 13 May 2026 (UTC)
::Administrative assistance needed: Automated filters blocking structural improvements and disclosures
::'''Request for Help''' — I am Levent Bulut, the author of this book. I have already provided my AI disclosure and academic credentials (ORCID, DOI list) here in this discussion.
::I am trying to update the book to comply with Wikibooks standards by:
::Adding a formal '''AI assistance disclosure''' at the top of the page.
::Restructuring the content into an '''instructional textbook format''' (adding Learning Objectives).
::Converting plain text formulas into '''LaTeX''' ( format).
::Updating references to include full academic '''DOI''' records.
::However, the automated filter is blocking all my attempts:
::If I try to replace the content with the improved version, it triggers the '''&quot;large amount of content removal&quot;''' filter.
::If I try to add specific academic links, it triggers the '''&quot;automated link/spam&quot;''' filter.
::I am essentially trapped by the filters while trying to improve the book and follow transparency norms. Could an administrator please either whitelist my account or manually apply the improved version of the text? I am ready to provide the full MediaWiki code here if requested. My intent is purely constructive and academic. [[Special:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-28847-60|&amp;#126;2026-28847-60]] ([[User talk:&amp;#126;2026-28847-60|talk]]) 19:15, 13 May 2026 (UTC)
::: Hi, @[[User:~2026-28847-60|~2026-28847-60]]. Your account was incorrectly locked by a steward. It is now currently unlocked. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#0024FF&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 17:44, 15 May 2026 (UTC)
:::: Pinging @[[User:Projection Architect|Projection Architect]], who was previously LeventBulut. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#0024FF&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 15:51, 4 July 2026 (UTC)
::Please review [[Wikibooks:Artificial intelligence]]. It states unequivocally that {{tq|LLMs may not be used to generate or summarize material and ideas at Wikibooks}}, and that {{tq|translations made by LLMs are not allowed on Wikibooks}}. The fact that you did not disclose your usage of AI is part of the problem, but disclosing it does not make it allowable either.
::More broadly, based on what you've said above, the content of this book is a reflection of your personal theories on writing. This is essentially [[Wikibooks:Original research]] and is not permitted. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 22:36, 13 May 2026 (UTC)

== [[Guide to Tor hidden services and elements of the Tor network]] ==

This book was created in 2014 with some odd history, but never really progressed beyond a preface and [[Guide to Tor hidden services and elements of the Tor network/Chapter 3: Darknet markets in theory and practice|a single subpage]]. As a result of [https://blog.torproject.org/v2-deprecation-timeline/ changes to the Tor network] made in 2020-2021, all of the .onion links in this book are dead; there's nothing usable left here. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 08:54, 4 July 2026 (UTC)</text>
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      <comment>/* History of wireless telegraphy and broadcasting in Australia/Topical/Publications/Wireless Weekly/Issues/1928 03 23 */ closing</comment>
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      <text bytes="52190" sha1="jlggvcrqg6w4tqef1blwps0x48urgxe" xml:space="preserve">__NEWSECTIONLINK__
[[Category:Wikibooks deletion|{{PAGENAME}}]]
{{Discussion Rooms}}
{{TOCleft}}
{{shortcut|WB:RFD}}
{{Requests for deletion/New deletion}}
{{Requests for deletion/Deletion intro}}
&lt;!-- New deletion nominations go at the bottom of page. --&gt;

== [[Salute, Jonathan!]] and its translations ==

&lt;div style=&quot;column-count: 7;&quot;&gt;
* [[Salute, Jonathan!|Interlingue/Occidental]] ([[w:en:Occidental|w]], original)
* [[Òla, Ionatà!|Audià]]
* [[Holo, Jonathan!|Cristianés]]
* [[Terve, Jonathan!|Ekumenski]]
* [[Hej, Jonathan! (Germanisch)|Germanisch]]
* [[Salom, Jonatan!|Globasa]]
* [[Àlŏ, Jonathan!|Guosa]] ([[w:en:Guosa|w]])
* [[Salut, Jonathan!|Idiom Neutral]] ([[w:en:Idiom Neutral|w]])
* [[Saluto, Jonathan! (Ido)|Ido]] ([[w:en:Ido|w]])
* [[Hallo, Jonathan!|Interlingua]] ([[w:en:Interlingua|w]])
* [[Salut, Jonathan! (Interocidental)|Interocidental]]
* [[Bune Ğonatan!|Lingaust]]
* [[Oila, Jonatan!|Lingue Simple]]
* [[Haloo, Jonatan!|Lingwa de Planeta]] ([[w:en:Lingwa de Planeta|w]])
* [[Sin Chao, Jonathan!|Masa Tang]]
* [[Salut, ionatano!|Meteza]]
* [[Salu, Jon!|Mini]]
* [[Hay, Jonathan!|Mirad]]
* [[Hai, Jon!|Monav]]
* [[Sesan Jon!|Monkel]]
* [[Salam, Jonathan!|Mundeze]]
* [[Dag, Jonathan!|Negerhollands]] ([[w:en:Negerhollands|w]])
* [[Salut Jonathan!|Neo]] ([[w:en:Neo|w]])
* [[Hej, Jonathan!|Nordien]]
* [[Saluto, Jonathan!|Novial]] ([[w:en:Novial|w]])
* [[Salute, Jonathan! (Novlingue)|Novlingue]]
* [[Alo, Jonathan!|Numo]]
* [[Hela, Jonathan!|Proyo]]
* [[Salute, Jonathan! (Romanica)|Romanica]] ([[w:en:Romanica|w]])
* [[Simi, Jonathan!|Solresol]] ([[w:en:Solresol|w]])
* [[Toki a, jan Jonatan!|Toki Pona]] ([[w:en:Toki Pona|w]])
* [[Glidis, o Jonathan!|Volapük]] ([[w:en:Volapük|w]])
&lt;/div&gt;

There are a couple of issues here:

# Beyond their introductions, all of these books are written in languages which are not English, making them out of scope for the English Wikibooks.
# All but one of these books are in fact written in constructed languages, most of them in recently created conlangs. In some cases (e.g. [[Sin Chao, Jonathan!]]), I can't find any reliable sources describing the target language outside of the translation itself.
# Most of the translations (i.e. other than [[Salute, Jonathan!]] itself) were abandoned within the first five or so chapters (out of 100); none of them are complete, and there seems to be little effort to complete any of them.

While I recognize that this is an unusual project, and potentially one which could have some value, it's not at all clear to me that the English Wikibooks is the right place for it. — [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 00:24, 29 September 2024 (UTC)

: I'm really not sure what to do about these ones. While I recognize that this approach is certainly one method of teaching a language, I'm not sure that it constitutes an educational textbook. We do require that the English Wikibooks be written in English—for language-learning books, this typically means that the instructional parts are in English while the exercises are in the language being taught. I do think that if the language doesn't have much supporting evidence outside the book itself, it can safely be deleted. — [[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:01, 29 September 2024 (UTC)

: Author of the book here. I originally wanted to put it in the Interlingue Wikibooks https://ie.wikibooks.org/wiki/Principal_p%C3%A1gine but it somehow got locked when I wasn't paying attention and so I ended up putting it here. Getting it unlocked requires going through the process of starting an Incubator and all the rest so I opted for here and then started putting some English-only content once it was done. It's sort of in the same vein as books like Lingua Latina per se Illustrata that have separate versions with teacher notes and whatnot. [[Salute, Jonathan!/Capitul 1 - with notes]] After it was done the auxlang community really took to it which was a nice surprise. I think Ido has the largest number of chapters at the moment at 15.
:If the vast content of this book could be used to justify a quick reopening of the Interlingue Wikibooks to move it there, I'd love to do that. I imagine that an incubator with 100+ book chapters would be enough to open a Wikibooks and that's what this is. — [[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]] ([[User talk:Mithridates|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mithridates|contribs]]) 06:02, 29 September 2024 (UTC)

: Ah, I just realized that we do have a proposal to reopen the Interlingue Wikibooks: https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Requests_for_new_languages/Wikibooks_Interlingue along with an Incubator page here. https://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wb/ie/Principal_p%C3%A1gine
: How easy would it be to migrate the entirety of Salute Jonathan to there? — [[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]] ([[User talk:Mithridates|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mithridates|contribs]]) 06:30, 29 September 2024 (UTC)

:: Hi @[[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]]! I'm not sure how incubator projects work, but I fully support migrating these books there. You may want to inquire over there and link to this discussion to support your request to move the content over there. Cheers! — [[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 13:16, 29 September 2024 (UTC)

::: Hi! Actually I have a third idea to propose after thinking about this again today (haven't been here much since I finished the book): I noticed that there is more English content than I remember and that might make it an awkward fit for the Interlingue Wikibooks. I definitely agree that having all the auxlang translations for new auxlang projects goes well beyond the scope of this Wikibooks. Finally, there are some auxlangs that are notable with their own Wikipedias.
::: So the idea is the following:
:::# Leave the original here and I can continue the work on the version with English notes and grammar. That will make it the same as Lingua Latina per se Illustrata, English by the Nature Method, Athenaze and all the rest.
:::# The Interlingua one can move to the Interlingua Wikibooks (maybe Romanica too if they want as it is sort of a dialect of Interlingua).
:::# For Ido and Lingua Franca Nova which have a Wikipedia but not a Wikibooks, I'm a little bit unsure...technically they could have their own version like the original one but would require English explanations. I could let them know and see if they are willing to do so and see what they think (work on adding English to the books vs. move the content elsewhere).
:::# The rest can move to a Github repo, then be deleted, and the front page of this book can have a single link to the repo.
::: Any thoughts on that? Adding the extra English content will be easy as it is my book and I know it inside and out.
::: Edit: [https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Salute,_Jonathan!/Grammar_(pronouns) this page] I just added.  — [[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]] ([[User talk:Mithridates|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mithridates|contribs]]) 13:50, 29 September 2024 (UTC)

:::: Thanks for taking the time to consider this! Here are my responses/questions:
::::* Is the original [[Salute, Jonathan!]] (Occidental)? Since that one is quite fleshed out, I agree that if you edit it so the primary language of the book (e.g. headers, instructions, etc) are written in English while leaving the actual story in Occidental, it would be okay and fit in more with instructional language textbooks.
::::* For your points 2 and 3, I'm not sure how those other projects work, so I'll leave it up to them. I'm not quite sure why they would need to move, since in theory they could be revised with English as the language of instruction? Although, they have been left incomplete for a long time.
::::* For your point 4, I have no problem with that. Cheers! — [[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 16:51, 29 September 2024 (UTC)

::::: Hello again, it's the weekend so I have a bit more time to work on this. I've decided to merge the extra content from the following five chapters since the difference is fairly small and the original chapters should now have this English content. Could you delete these five pages now that they are no longer needed? [[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]] ([[User talk:Mithridates|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mithridates|contribs]]) 14:02, 5 October 2024 (UTC)
::::: [[Salute, Jonathan!/Capitul 1 - with notes]]
::::: [[Salute, Jonathan!/Capitul 2 - with notes]]
::::: [[Salute, Jonathan!/Capitul 3 - with notes]]
::::: [[Salute, Jonathan!/Capitul 4 - with notes]]
::::: [[Salute, Jonathan!/Capitul 5 - with notes]] [[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]] ([[User talk:Mithridates|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mithridates|contribs]]) 14:02, 5 October 2024 (UTC)
:::::: [[File:Yes_check.svg|{{#ifeq:|small|8|15}}px|link=|alt=]] {{#ifeq:|small|&lt;small&gt;|}}'''Done'''{{#ifeq:|small|&lt;/small&gt;|}} — [[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:34, 5 October 2024 (UTC)

::::::: Hi again! No luck trying to find a home for the random language translations on other auxlang wikis, can't find one that is actively maintained.
::::::: The thought struck me that maybe I could just put those ones on a sub page of my user page, would that be permitted? If not, I think I'll just stick them somewhere in GitHub and call it a day since none of the people who started the translations seem to care enough to do anything about them. I'd rather not see them outright disappear but since they aren't mine I don't care enough about them to do much more work than copy and paste them somewhere.
::::::: (I would leave the ones in languages with an ISO-639 code and Wikipedia here, of course) — [[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]] ([[User talk:Mithridates|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mithridates|contribs]]) 14:13, 9 November 2024 (UTC)

:::::::: Thank you for checking! I don't personally see an issue with moving them to your user space right now. Cheers — [[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 17:21, 9 November 2024 (UTC)

::::::::: Thanks a lot! I've started a single page where I will put them all here [[User:Mithridates/SJ]] and will proceed slowly due to lack of time and also to avoid stepping on any toes / asking you to delete too much at a time and possibly deleting the wrong content.
::::::::: For this week I have put the content for the languages Audia, Cristianès, Guosa, Lingaust, Mini, Mirad, and Monav on that page as they all have a single page of content and didn't take much time to move. Please delete those. Once they are gone I will add a note on the main page letting people know where they have gone (in addition to a thank you for their interest in the book! I do love how many people have recognized it as a good source material for teaching a language). — [[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]] ([[User talk:Mithridates|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mithridates|contribs]]) 04:09, 10 November 2024 (UTC)

: {{keep}} the translations for languages that have an article on the English Wikipedia, i.e. Guosa, Idiom Neutral, Ido, Interlingua, Lingwa de Planeta, Negerhollands, Neo, Novial, Occidental, Romanica, Solresol, Toki Pona, and Volapük.
: Translations for languages that don't have an article can be kept if they have reliable sources, which I was able to find for the following languages (if you think they are not reliable, please let me know):
:* Globasa: [https://www.languagesandnumbers.com/how-to-count-in-globasa/en/globasa/] [https://greyson.conlang.org/2020/01/29/shouting-out-globasa-and-pandunia/]
:* Mini: [https://jprogr.github.io/mini] [https://www.omniglot.com/language/phrases/mini.htm] [https://www.languagesandnumbers.com/how-to-count-in-mini/en/mini/]
: {{del}} and move to [[User:Mithridates/SJ]] the rest of the translations, i.e. Audià/Audian, Cristianés, Ekumenski, Germanisch, Interocidental, Lingaust, Lingue Simple, Masa Tang, Mirad, Monav, Monkel, Mundeze, Nordien, Novlingue, Numo, Proyo, and Scuian/Meteza. If you can find reliable sources for those languages, please let me know.
: In particular, I could not find resources for Audià/Audian and Monav after searching through 15 and 17 pages on Google, respectively. It doesn't help that [[Òla, Ionatà!|their]] [[Hai, Jon!|translations]] don't explain what those languages are and where to find resources for them. This makes contributing to those translations almost impossible until @[[User:Caro de Segeda|Caro de Segeda]] can provide resources to us. It's possible that the resources may have disappared from the Internet, or that those languages were created by Caro de Segeda him/herself. If you can find resources for Audià/Audian and Monav, please let me know.
: I'm notifying the primary contributors of the translations: @[[User:Caro de Segeda|Caro de Segeda]], @[[User:Frzzl|Frzzl]], @[[User:Greatscotteh|Greatscotteh]], @[[User:IHateNumbers234|IHateNumbers234]], @[[User:Jayeless2|Jayeless2]], @[[User:Morozof|Morozof]], @[[User:Omnihom|Omnihom]], @[[User:Omoutuazn|Omoutuazn]], @[[User:PovriNaivon|PovriNaivon]], @[[User:Sir Beluga|Sir Beluga]] and @[[User:Tyoyafud|Tyoyafud]]. — [[User:EJPPhilippines|EJPPhilippines]] ([[User talk:EJPPhilippines|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/EJPPhilippines|contribs]]) 09:52, 30 June 2025 (UTC)

:: Caro de Segeda said on [https://www.reddit.com/r/conlangs/comments/1lcnz9g/comment/n0sc3wx/ Reddit] that Monav was created by him/her and that he/she didn't publish any resources about it other than [[Hai, Jon!]]. With '''zero''' other resources to rely on for contributing to the translation, and the fact that Monav is in [[User:Mithridates/SJ]], [[Hai, Jon!]] should be speedy deleted. — [[User:EJPPhilippines|EJPPhilippines]] ([[User talk:EJPPhilippines|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/EJPPhilippines|contribs]]) 01:38, 3 July 2025 (UTC)

::: I've undone the speedy deletion as Caro de Segeda posted a [https://prexins.wordpress.com/2025/07/04/monav/ resource] for Monav. — [[User:EJPPhilippines|EJPPhilippines]] ([[User talk:EJPPhilippines|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/EJPPhilippines|contribs]]) 07:18, 4 July 2025 (UTC)

:::: You can delete all the ones that I have created myself, I have already moved them to other places. — [[User:Caro de Segeda|Caro de Segeda]] ([[User talk:Caro de Segeda|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Caro de Segeda|contribs]]) 12:39, 5 July 2025 (UTC)

{{outdent|::::}}I don't know if this is helpful since it wouldn't apply to most of these, but [[s:mul:]] could hold some of these. — [[User:Arlo Barnes|Arlo Barnes]] ([[User talk:Arlo Barnes|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Arlo Barnes|contribs]]) 09:18, 30 November 2025 (UTC)

: I don't think that would be within the scope of that project. I'm not aware of any other situation where Wikisource publishes translations of texts created on Wikimedia projects - that's usually left up to other language editions of the same project. — [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 05:34, 1 December 2025 (UTC)

:: In this situation there isn't a separate [[s:ie:]] distinct from Multilingual Wikisource (see [[meta:Wikisource#List of Wikisources]]). In fact, there are very few multilingual wikis in the Wikimedia sphere; while this project ''could'' move to a Miraheze-hosted or similar wiki farm location, I think it would be a missed opportunity. I suppose an [[Interlingue]] book could be started in [[shelf:Constructed languages]] which would have all 100 chapters as an appendix (and likewise for the other languages), but that also seems non-ideal since it requires an English-language text that doesn't currently exist to be created. [[WB:AT]] seems to describe a similar situation to this one and prescribe Wikisource as the solution, and [[WB:SOURCE]] mentions fiction as out-of-scope for Wikibooks (even as in this case, language-educational fiction). [[s:mul:Wikisource:about Wikisource]] simply speaks of source texts and doesn't mention publication requirements, so maybe that is specific to some of the monolingual editions? — [[User:Arlo Barnes|Arlo Barnes]] ([[User talk:Arlo Barnes|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Arlo Barnes|contribs]]) 22:28, 5 December 2025 (UTC)

:{{keep}} 100% keep. These books are a core part of language textbooks on Wikibooks and have been for years. Not sure why this is even being debated.--[[User:Xania|Xania]] [[Image:Flag_of_Estonia.svg|15px]]  [[Image:Flag_of_Ukraine.svg|15px]] [[User talk:Xania|&lt;sup&gt;talk&lt;/sup&gt;]] 17:55, 16 May 2026 (UTC)

::With all due respect, some of the books included in this nomination (like [[Sin Chao, Jonathan!]]) are written in constructed languages which are not substantially attested anywhere else. I struggle to imagine any educational purpose for such a book. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 00:12, 17 May 2026 (UTC)

== [[International Baccalaureate]] ==

Not actually a book in and of itself; rather, it is just a compilation of links to other books —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:24, 18 October 2024 (UTC)
: Could this be salvaged as a shelf? [[User:Pppery|Pppery]] ([[User talk:Pppery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Pppery|contribs]]) 05:23, 27 January 2025 (UTC)
::Probably, but are the linked books even useful? IB exams change from year to year - sometimes quite dramatically - so an old exam guide is of very limited value. Many of these books were written 10-15 years ago, and some of them (like [[IB French]]) even have comments indicating that they're no longer applicable. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 02:18, 8 December 2025 (UTC)

== [[Character List for Baxter&amp;Sagart]] ==

Seems completely out of scope as an educational book; it's just a list of characters and outlinks —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:53, 18 October 2024 (UTC)

:Adding [[Character List for Karlgren's GSR]] and [[Character List for Schuessler's CGSR]] for the same reason —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:55, 18 October 2024 (UTC)

:These three books do make a package and I agree they should be considered together. However, I strongly object to deleting them. They are really extremely useful resources. I use them every week and I know that many people who do work on Old Chinese phonology do so. There are lots of books out there that are lists of characters, these are called dictionaries. For example Axel Schuessler's ABC Etymological Dictionary of Old Chinese, or Pulleyblank's Lexicon of Reconstructed Pronunciation in Early Middle Chinese, Late Middle Chinese, and Early Mandarin. I see it as entirely a good thing for reference works of this kind to be available free online rather than only in expensive books in university research libraries. If this is in violation of a Wikibooks policy, I would at least like that policy to be drawn to my attention and to have some constructive comment offered about which Wikiproject such a resource should fall under. I will also say on a personal note that I have put literally hundreds of hours of work into these projects and it would grieve me a lot to see this work simply vanish, in particular when I know that colleagues around the world use these books. --[[User:Tibetologist|Tibetologist]] ([[User talk:Tibetologist|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Tibetologist|contribs]]) 07:27, 1 November 2024 (UTC)
::Hi @[[User:Tibetologist|Tibetologist]], and thank you for the feedback! Official Wikibooks policy does not permit standalone dictionaries (see [[WB:DICT]]), though I understand the argument that it is a useful resource. I am wondering if there might be a home for it at [[Wiktionary:Wiktionary:Welcome, newcomers|Wiktionary]] or [[Wikiversity:Wikiversity:SHARE|Wikiversity]]? Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 12:14, 1 November 2024 (UTC)
:::The policy says to use Wiktionary, but these books cannot be moved there. In fact they link there, you can understand me as having made an index to wiktionary, if you like, where the ORDER of the characters is extremely important, information that would be lost in Wiktionary. 
:::Wikiversity is not a project I participate in, and in any event my books here are older than it, so this option was not available for me at the relevant moment. If you are offering to move my books to Wikiversity, that is very kind of you and I will very graciously accept. [[User:Tibetologist|Tibetologist]] ([[User talk:Tibetologist|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Tibetologist|contribs]]) 14:10, 1 November 2024 (UTC)
::::I have pinged over at Wikiversity Colloquium to ask about suitability and have looped you into the conversation over there. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:20, 1 November 2024 (UTC)
::I concur. I'm just an undergrad who tries to learn about Sino-Tibetan historical linguistics in his free time but I've found this wikibook to be incredibly useful, and I keep it open in one tab while I watch Professor Nathan Hill's lectures that he uploads to youtube in another tab, and another tab for taking notes. In fact if I remember correctly Professor Hill actually pointed his students to this wikibook. 
::I'm not familiar with [[wikiversity:Wikiversity:SHARE|Wikiversity]] but if all the content were as accessible there as it is here then I think that could work.  [[User:ChromeBones|ChromeBones]] ([[User talk:ChromeBones|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/ChromeBones|contribs]]) 02:43, 9 July 2025 (UTC)
:Per [[:v:Wikiversity:Colloquium#Import_Resource_From_Wikibooks?]], I recommend copying and pasting, including attribution via the edit summary and talk page, add appropriate categories and links, and then it could be deleted locally. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 22:32, 3 November 2024 (UTC)

== [[Suomen kieli käyttöön]] ==

Multiple pages in this book are written entirely in Finnish, which is out of the enWB scope. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 00:09, 19 October 2024 (UTC)

:I was going to say whether we should ask any fiwikibooks sysop to maybe see if this could be transwikied to fiwb if it's within the scope there. But [[:fi:Toiminnot:Käyttäjät/sysop]] indicates that there are only 3 sysops, and only {{u|Anr}} and {{u|Zache}} have made edits this ''year''. If they deem it to be salvageable, then transwiki + delete, otherwise straight-up delete. --[[User:SHB2000|SHB2000]] ([[User talk:SHB2000|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/SHB2000|contribs]]) 11:24, 14 November 2024 (UTC)
::It seems that the idea behind the book was for the pages to be bilingual, as it’s a language learning book. That’s why there are Finnish texts included intentionally even on the pages that are complete. There are similar books in dewikibooks and ruwikibooks as well. For the English version, I think the easiest way to proceed would be to clean up and adjust the page layout to fit enwikibooks better, and then translate the missing parts. By the way, if anyone wants to update the book’s name in English, it can be titled ''&quot;Using the Finnish Language&quot;'' or ''&quot;Put Finnish Language into Use&quot;'' for a direct translation.   [[User:Zache|Zache]] ([[User talk:Zache|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Zache|contribs]]) 11:57, 14 November 2024 (UTC)

== [[AT&amp;T Mobility FAQ]] ==

* [[AT&amp;T Mobility FAQ]]
* [[AT&amp;T Mobility FAQ/MEdia Net Configuration]]
* [[AT&amp;T Mobility FAQ/Data Connect Configuration]]
An ''extremely'' outdated FAQ on AT&amp;T's cell phone services. Most of this document was written 20+ years ago as a Usenet FAQ; very little of it is accurate or useful anymore (particularly the two subpages, which have to do with obsolete configurations for &quot;tethering&quot; a computer to a cell phone). No objection if someone wants to update it, but there's clearly been no appetite to do that. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 22:20, 30 December 2024 (UTC)

:I'm wondering if it might make sense for us to develop some kind of policy on archiving books here. There are many like this one that have a good deal of content but are extremely out of date and just not useful as originally intended. ——[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 22:34, 30 December 2024 (UTC)
::@[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]]: See the newly developed [[Wikibooks:Outdated books]]. [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]&lt;sub&gt;[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]&lt;sub&gt;[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/sub&gt; ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 00:16, 31 December 2024 (UTC)
:::Ooh, thanks - something like that seems like it could be an appropriate way to handle this book. A lot of the other outdated books I've tagged have been so incomplete that they wouldn't have been particularly useful even as historical references; this one might at least have some interest.
:::Any chance we can get a separate namespace (maybe &quot;Archive:&quot;) set up for archived book content? That'd make it possible to do things like exclude them from on-site search by default. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 21:07, 31 December 2024 (UTC)
::::I think this might be a more extended discussion, so I'll bump it over to the [[Wikibooks talk:Outdated books|talk page of the draft policy]]! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 21:54, 31 December 2024 (UTC)

== Algebra/Chapter 10/Symmetric Polynomials ==

I personally believe that [[Algebra/Chapter 10/Symmetric Polynomials|this]], and all of the sections should be deleted for the fact that this goes WAY beyond the scope of what was intended for the Chapter (Algebra II level polynomials). [[User:GoreyCat|GoreyCat]] ([[User talk:GoreyCat|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/GoreyCat|contribs]]) 15:07, 6 February 2025 (UTC)

:'''Split''': Deletion here is not the best solution (see [[w:WP:ATD]]). Instead, this page and its subpages should be moved to another book, most likely [[Abstract Algebra]]. [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]&lt;sub&gt;[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]&lt;sub&gt;[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/sub&gt; ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 17:35, 6 February 2025 (UTC)
:{{keep}} since there is a good amount of content. If [[Abstract Algebra]] is appropriate, it seems like a fine idea to move there. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 22:59, 7 February 2025 (UTC)
::Eh, yeah, I supposed moving it is better. I just don't think it's suitable for where it appears. [[User:GoreyCat|GoreyCat]] ([[User talk:GoreyCat|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/GoreyCat|contribs]]) 01:40, 8 February 2025 (UTC)
== [[Puredyne]] ==

Development of Puredyne Linux was discontinued in 2012, and the software no longer appears to be available for download anywhere. (An archive of the web site is still up - with a bunch of embedded spam links - but the download links are all dead.) Is this a suitable candidate for archival (cf. [[Wikibooks:Outdated books]]), or should it just be deleted? [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 04:35, 5 March 2025 (UTC)

:I'd just archive stuff like this. Looks like a decent bit of work went into it, and you never know when someone might need to use Puredyne for some obscure project. I'd be willing to bet mirrors exist of it somewhere, or someone has it on a drive. If you want to find some stuff worth deleting, comb through [[:Category:Allbooks categories]]. [[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] ([[User talk:MediaKyle|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaKyle|contribs]]) 11:30, 5 March 2025 (UTC)

== [[Template:Qr-twwp]] ==
This isn't exactly a request to delete the template, but rather to merge it with {{tlx|Copypaste}}. The {{tlx|Qr-twwp}} template serves the same purpose as {{tlx|Copypaste}}, but without the seven-day period after which the page is deleted. This leads to confusion, as well as a perpetually full [[:Category:Queried pages]]. [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]&lt;sub&gt;[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]&lt;sub&gt;[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/sub&gt; ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 17:37, 30 March 2025 (UTC)

== [[Ghouls of the Miskatonic]] ==

I don't think that a plot summary of a book is in-scope here. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:43, 20 August 2025 (UTC)

:{{vd}} - at least, not a summary of ''this'' book. A summary and/or study guide to a notable work of literature might be in scope, but this is certainly not one. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 21:23, 25 August 2025 (UTC)
::Hi. I am the creator of the pages of this book. If I understand correctly, it has to be a summary of a notable work of literature? So what exactly is defined as such? I only started this as I thought it would be fun, interesting and encouraging to others who read the Arkham Horror novels, and I thought it was permitted as I've seen other summaries of books on wikibooks. [[User:Dayne90|Dayne90]] ([[User talk:Dayne90|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dayne90|contribs]]) 13:27, 26 August 2025 (UTC)
:::Your problem is it is just the plot... it needs to include an educational textual analysis to be in scope [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 12:47, 28 August 2025 (UTC)
::::And ideally it'd be a text which has ''already'' been the subject of literary analysis, such that the analysis on Wikibooks isn't original research. A notable work of literature like ''Frankenstein'' or ''Moby-Dick'' would easily meet that requirement; a tie-in novel for a tabletop RPG probably does not. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 22:08, 29 August 2025 (UTC)

== [[Template:Deleted page]] ==

Per [[Wikibooks:Reading room/Proposals#Retiring Template:Deleted page]], this is because the template is unnecessary given that creation protection (salting) is used instead. I am also proposing the deletion of the following categories used by this template:
* [[:Category:Protected deleted categories]]
* [[:Category:Protected deleted pages]]
Thanks. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#0024FF&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 15:36, 29 January 2026 (UTC)

:This seems premature - [[:Category:Protected deleted pages]] is still in use for pages with generic names. Is there a plan to transition those pages to create protection; if so, can that be implemented before deleting the templates/categories? [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 02:28, 30 January 2026 (UTC)
::JJPMaster proposed that the pages listed in that category should be moved to the [[MediaWiki:Titleblacklist|title blacklist]], and that {{tlx|naming policy notice}} shall be fully protected and used as an interface (title blacklist) message. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#0024FF&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 03:18, 30 January 2026 (UTC)
:::@[[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]]: Have you seen this reply? [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]&lt;sub&gt;[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]&lt;sub&gt;[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/sub&gt; ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 15:28, 11 February 2026 (UTC)
::::I have, but I'm not sure I follow. These templates, and the categories which they populate, are currently in use. Once that's no longer the case, I have no objection to deleting them - but they need to be delinked first. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 00:20, 12 February 2026 (UTC)
:::::I deleted the categories mentioned above, moved all the generic titles to the title blacklist, and for those pages that used {{tlx|Deleted page}}, I deleted then applied creation protection. An uninvolved admin can delete {{tlx|Deleted page}} and then close this request. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#0024FF&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 02:39, 30 March 2026 (UTC)
: Would an uninvolved admin delete the template and close this request? Pinging @[[User:Atcovi|Atcovi]]. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#0024FF&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 01:39, 10 July 2026 (UTC)

{{closed|No consensus to delete —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:08, 10 July 2026 (UTC)}}
== [[History of wireless telegraphy and broadcasting in Australia/Topical/Publications/Wireless Weekly/Issues/1928 03 23]] ==
Transcribed from a magazine copy that cannot be traced via the URL provided. Generally archival of primary source works is undertaken on Wikisource (not Wikibooks), backed by a suitable page scan. This isn't at present. [[User:ShakespeareFan00|ShakespeareFan00]] ([[User talk:ShakespeareFan00|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/ShakespeareFan00|contribs]]) 16:32, 27 April 2026 (UTC)

:This doesn't need an RfD since it is obviously out of scope. You can instead put a CSD tag on the page. Additionally, it seems that the entire /Publications section contains only source works here, so it might require a mass deletion. [[User:kingofnuthin|&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia; color: lime&quot;&gt;kingofnuthin&lt;/span&gt;]] ([[User talk:kingofnuthin|&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia; color: teal&quot;&gt;talk&lt;/span&gt;]]) 17:32, 27 April 2026 (UTC)
::@[[User:Samuel.dellit|Samuel.dellit]] looping you in here so you're aware. I don't think any pages like this (i.e. source text) can be kept here, since we are explicitly and unambiguously not a text repository per [[WB:SOURCE]]. I am inclined to speedily delete for that reason, but I want to hear from the primary editor. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:40, 27 April 2026 (UTC)
:::Thanks for looping me in.
:::This is not simply a transcription of the magazine.
:::It includes new formatting to make the content better reachable.
:::It includes commentary to place the transcribed material in context.
:::It permits related material to be placed in chronological order.
:::The version here is not complete (as per banner included), hence the URL link not working (National Library of Australia's Trove has been updated).
:::There is no point in placing this material on Wikisource as the Trove website is functionally similar and now provides for text correction (a fairly recent development).
:::I have not be editing Wikibooks for the last six month's following a personal matter but now slowly returning to the task.
:::[[User:Samuel.dellit|Samuel.dellit]] ([[User talk:Samuel.dellit|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Samuel.dellit|contribs]]) 19:08, 27 April 2026 (UTC)
::::I'm still not sure whether this makes it in-scope at Wikibooks and suitable for the book-like scope of this work, so I'm looping in other admins to weigh in on scope and consensus @[[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]] @[[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] @[[User:JJPMaster|JJPMaster]] @[[User:SHB2000|SHB2000]]. For material that is planned but not yet enacted after a significant period, I'm wondering if user space is more suitable than main space.  —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 19:48, 3 May 2026 (UTC)
:::::This is just one page of a book, right? It's not like the entire wikibook is a transcription. I'm inclined to keep it unless there is something I am missing. &quot;For material that is planned but not yet enacted after a significant period&quot; - that's a draft and can generally stay in article space. [[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]] ([[User talk:Leaderboard|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Leaderboard|contribs]]) 05:09, 4 May 2026 (UTC)
::::::My thoughts are similar to Leaderboard's. --[[User:SHB2000|SHB2000]] ([[User talk:SHB2000|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/SHB2000|contribs]]) 05:47, 4 May 2026 (UTC)
::::::@[[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]] @[[User:SHB2000|SHB2000]] Thank you, and good to know. Unless I am misunderstanding, the plan is actually to host many source texts in this book's namespace (see other subpages in [[History of wireless telegraphy and broadcasting in Australia/Topical/Publications]]) and not limited to this one page. Additionally, do we have anything in policy regarding how long drafts can stay in mainspace? I couldn't find anything, and it strikes me as unconstructive to the project if pages with significant issues (e.g. scope, quality, etc) are left in the mainspace for months to years. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 19:15, 4 May 2026 (UTC)
:::::::@[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] Thank you for your considered responses, the following is provided as background summary. 
:::::::(1) I should mention that all of these pages were speedily deleted six months ago on the basis of breach of copyright, despite the fact that they are in the public domain (yes I was remiss in not making this clear in the relevant discussion pages, and yes I was aware of the need for copyright explanation, but was overly focussed on content creation). I was hit by about 20 simultaneous speedily delete notifications, responded to 2 or 3 thinking that would be sufficient, but later found they had all been deleted (I was not active on Wikibooks at the time). My intention is to provide clear public domain information for each page in the coming months, but I am only one person and need time to give effect. Copyright worldwide is quite complex.
:::::::(2) I was hit by this RfD about 2 weeks ago, nominally a single subpage, but with the threat of dozens of subpages being similarly treated. This time the basis of the RfD was breach of the &quot;Not a text repository&quot; policy, of which I was not previously aware. I see in the policy that there is a clear exception for annotated texts and I will further develop content in support of that exception (you will see that is my general practice in any event). There are literally hundreds of articles in this Wikibook already heavily annotated, simply on the basis of good authorship e.g.
:::::::https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/History_of_wireless_telegraphy_and_broadcasting_in_Australia/Topical/Biographies/Clement_Edgar_Ames/Notes
:::::::https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/History_of_wireless_telegraphy_and_broadcasting_in_Australia/Topical/Stations/7BU_Burnie/Notes
:::::::But, again, I am only one person and need time to give effect. [[User:Samuel.dellit|Samuel.dellit]] ([[User talk:Samuel.dellit|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Samuel.dellit|contribs]]) 19:59, 4 May 2026 (UTC)
:::::::@[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] As far as I can see, isn't the goal to annotate most of those pages? And there is no set limit for a draft. The main reason we'd delete a draft is if the book ''itself'' has nothing of value, which is not the case here. [[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]] ([[User talk:Leaderboard|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Leaderboard|contribs]]) 04:49, 5 May 2026 (UTC)
::::::::Got it, thank you! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 00:06, 6 May 2026 (UTC)
: As an admin who was involved in deleting this (and related subpages) and ''only'' undeleting it later per the author's request, I therefore '''recuse''' (will not do) on taking any administrative actions for this request. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#0024FF&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 17:33, 27 April 2026 (UTC)
:{{vd}} - including other similar pages - per nom. Transcriptions of previously published works, like these magazines, belong on Wikisource. I don't see any evidence of substantial commentary in any of the pages I've looked at. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 17:47, 28 April 2026 (UTC)
::Additionally, I'd note that creating content like [[History of wireless telegraphy and broadcasting in Australia/Editing/Fair dealing]] or [[History of wireless telegraphy and broadcasting in Australia/Editing/Not a text repository]] is not helpful. This sort of argumentative content clearly does not belong in a book. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 02:14, 9 May 2026 (UTC)
:{{keep}} - including other similar pages - annotated texts WB:AT are a clear exception to Wikibooks &quot;Not a text repository&quot; policy; these are subpages of a very large body of work (I understand the largest Wikibook in Wikibooks) and integral to its overall development; yes, the pages are a work in progress and the annotations are as yet limited, but I will now prioritise their development[[User:Samuel.dellit|Samuel.dellit]] ([[User talk:Samuel.dellit|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Samuel.dellit|contribs]]) 19:28, 3 May 2026 (UTC)
:{{keep}}. Annotated texts are an exception and while there can be a debate about how much annotation is enough, at the moment I think we should accept the primary editor's position in respect of their intent. [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 13:58, 5 May 2026 (UTC)
: {{keep}} per above. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#0024FF&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 23:07, 19 May 2026 (UTC)
: @[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] Please consider closing this RFD discussion. This was running for more than one month (I believe) and as I can tell there is probably no consensus to delete. Thank you. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#0024FF&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 01:30, 10 July 2026 (UTC)
{{end closed}}

== [[History Books]] ==
Minimal existing content is editorialized, book scope unclear, no sourcing —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:47, 27 April 2026 (UTC)

:{{comment}} - there is one unlinked subpage of this book, [[History Books/Who Was Alexander the Great/Introduction]]. I'm not impressed by the content (it's basically historical fiction written for a young child), but it's not hopeless. I'd encourage the author to create an account to allow us to communicate with them. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 18:34, 28 April 2026 (UTC)
::If it is really aimed at children, shouldn't it be moved to the Wikijunior: namespace? [[User:kingofnuthin|&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia; color: lime&quot;&gt;kingofnuthin&lt;/span&gt;]] ([[User talk:kingofnuthin|&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia; color: teal&quot;&gt;talk&lt;/span&gt;]]) 18:55, 28 April 2026 (UTC)
: @[[User:Kingofnuthin|Kingofnuthin]] and @[[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]]: I am unsure whethere there is consensus to either keep or move–I am not seeing any bolded votes, and there is not much participation here. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#0024FF&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 01:34, 10 July 2026 (UTC)

== [[Objective Projection: Why the Brain Never Forgets Some Stories]] ==

Undisclosed AI-generated content. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 02:13, 9 May 2026 (UTC)

:&lt;nowiki&gt;'''Keep'''&lt;/nowiki&gt; — Comment from page author/subject expert.
:I am Levent Bulut, the originator of the &lt;nowiki&gt;''&lt;/nowiki&gt;Objective Projection&lt;nowiki&gt;''&lt;/nowiki&gt; methodology described in this book (ORCID: 0009-0007-7500-2261, Wikidata: Q138048287). I want to address the AI-generated content concern directly and transparently.
:&lt;nowiki&gt;'''&lt;/nowiki&gt;On the content itself:&lt;nowiki&gt;'''&lt;/nowiki&gt; The methodology, theoretical framework (the six-variable operator E(r) = projS(M, T, V, Δ, Ω, Ng), the Six Golden Rules, the Six-Layer Framework), and all original arguments are my own intellectual work, developed and published independently. This is documented through:
:* 26 DOI-registered academic publications on Zenodo (search: &quot;Levent Bulut Objective Projection&quot;)
:* A peer-reviewed submission currently under review at &lt;nowiki&gt;''&lt;/nowiki&gt;Digital Humanities Quarterly&lt;nowiki&gt;''&lt;/nowiki&gt;
:* Parallel Turkish-language Wikibook and Wikiversity pages on the same methodology
:* An open-source SFT dataset on Hugging Face (leventbulut/objective-projection)
:&lt;nowiki&gt;'''&lt;/nowiki&gt;On AI assistance:&lt;nowiki&gt;'''&lt;/nowiki&gt; I used AI tools (Claude) for English translation polish and copy-editing from my Turkish source materials — the same way a non-native English-speaking academic would use a human translator or editor. The &lt;nowiki&gt;''&lt;/nowiki&gt;ideas, structure, terminology, citations, and arguments&lt;nowiki&gt;''&lt;/nowiki&gt; are entirely my own and pre-date the Wikibooks version, traceable through Zenodo DOI timestamps starting in 2025.
:&lt;nowiki&gt;'''&lt;/nowiki&gt;Proposed remedy instead of deletion:&lt;nowiki&gt;'''&lt;/nowiki&gt; I am happy to:
:# Add a clear AI-assistance disclosure to the book's preface, per Wikibooks transparency norms
:# Add inline citations to the underlying DOI-registered publications for every major claim
:# Link to the parallel Turkish version and academic record
:This would address the &lt;nowiki&gt;''&lt;/nowiki&gt;undisclosed&lt;nowiki&gt;''&lt;/nowiki&gt; part of the concern (which is the actionable policy issue) while preserving content that is original academic work by an identifiable author with a published track record. Deletion of original scholarship because translation assistance was used would set a concerning precedent for non-native English contributors.
:&lt;nowiki&gt;I request a few days to add the disclosure and citations before any deletion action. ~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt; [[Special:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-28847-60|&amp;#126;2026-28847-60]] ([[User talk:&amp;#126;2026-28847-60|talk]]) 18:46, 13 May 2026 (UTC)
::Administrative assistance needed: Automated filters blocking structural improvements and disclosures
::'''Request for Help''' — I am Levent Bulut, the author of this book. I have already provided my AI disclosure and academic credentials (ORCID, DOI list) here in this discussion.
::I am trying to update the book to comply with Wikibooks standards by:
::Adding a formal '''AI assistance disclosure''' at the top of the page.
::Restructuring the content into an '''instructional textbook format''' (adding Learning Objectives).
::Converting plain text formulas into '''LaTeX''' ( format).
::Updating references to include full academic '''DOI''' records.
::However, the automated filter is blocking all my attempts:
::If I try to replace the content with the improved version, it triggers the '''&quot;large amount of content removal&quot;''' filter.
::If I try to add specific academic links, it triggers the '''&quot;automated link/spam&quot;''' filter.
::I am essentially trapped by the filters while trying to improve the book and follow transparency norms. Could an administrator please either whitelist my account or manually apply the improved version of the text? I am ready to provide the full MediaWiki code here if requested. My intent is purely constructive and academic. [[Special:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-28847-60|&amp;#126;2026-28847-60]] ([[User talk:&amp;#126;2026-28847-60|talk]]) 19:15, 13 May 2026 (UTC)
::: Hi, @[[User:~2026-28847-60|~2026-28847-60]]. Your account was incorrectly locked by a steward. It is now currently unlocked. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#0024FF&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 17:44, 15 May 2026 (UTC)
:::: Pinging @[[User:Projection Architect|Projection Architect]], who was previously LeventBulut. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#0024FF&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 15:51, 4 July 2026 (UTC)
::Please review [[Wikibooks:Artificial intelligence]]. It states unequivocally that {{tq|LLMs may not be used to generate or summarize material and ideas at Wikibooks}}, and that {{tq|translations made by LLMs are not allowed on Wikibooks}}. The fact that you did not disclose your usage of AI is part of the problem, but disclosing it does not make it allowable either.
::More broadly, based on what you've said above, the content of this book is a reflection of your personal theories on writing. This is essentially [[Wikibooks:Original research]] and is not permitted. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 22:36, 13 May 2026 (UTC)

== [[Guide to Tor hidden services and elements of the Tor network]] ==

This book was created in 2014 with some odd history, but never really progressed beyond a preface and [[Guide to Tor hidden services and elements of the Tor network/Chapter 3: Darknet markets in theory and practice|a single subpage]]. As a result of [https://blog.torproject.org/v2-deprecation-timeline/ changes to the Tor network] made in 2020-2021, all of the .onion links in this book are dead; there's nothing usable left here. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 08:54, 4 July 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>jlggvcrqg6w4tqef1blwps0x48urgxe</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
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[[Category:Wikibooks deletion|{{PAGENAME}}]]
{{Discussion Rooms}}
{{TOCleft}}
{{shortcut|WB:RFD}}
{{Requests for deletion/New deletion}}
{{Requests for deletion/Deletion intro}}
&lt;!-- New deletion nominations go at the bottom of page. --&gt;

== [[Salute, Jonathan!]] and its translations ==

&lt;div style=&quot;column-count: 7;&quot;&gt;
* [[Salute, Jonathan!|Interlingue/Occidental]] ([[w:en:Occidental|w]], original)
* [[Òla, Ionatà!|Audià]]
* [[Holo, Jonathan!|Cristianés]]
* [[Terve, Jonathan!|Ekumenski]]
* [[Hej, Jonathan! (Germanisch)|Germanisch]]
* [[Salom, Jonatan!|Globasa]]
* [[Àlŏ, Jonathan!|Guosa]] ([[w:en:Guosa|w]])
* [[Salut, Jonathan!|Idiom Neutral]] ([[w:en:Idiom Neutral|w]])
* [[Saluto, Jonathan! (Ido)|Ido]] ([[w:en:Ido|w]])
* [[Hallo, Jonathan!|Interlingua]] ([[w:en:Interlingua|w]])
* [[Salut, Jonathan! (Interocidental)|Interocidental]]
* [[Bune Ğonatan!|Lingaust]]
* [[Oila, Jonatan!|Lingue Simple]]
* [[Haloo, Jonatan!|Lingwa de Planeta]] ([[w:en:Lingwa de Planeta|w]])
* [[Sin Chao, Jonathan!|Masa Tang]]
* [[Salut, ionatano!|Meteza]]
* [[Salu, Jon!|Mini]]
* [[Hay, Jonathan!|Mirad]]
* [[Hai, Jon!|Monav]]
* [[Sesan Jon!|Monkel]]
* [[Salam, Jonathan!|Mundeze]]
* [[Dag, Jonathan!|Negerhollands]] ([[w:en:Negerhollands|w]])
* [[Salut Jonathan!|Neo]] ([[w:en:Neo|w]])
* [[Hej, Jonathan!|Nordien]]
* [[Saluto, Jonathan!|Novial]] ([[w:en:Novial|w]])
* [[Salute, Jonathan! (Novlingue)|Novlingue]]
* [[Alo, Jonathan!|Numo]]
* [[Hela, Jonathan!|Proyo]]
* [[Salute, Jonathan! (Romanica)|Romanica]] ([[w:en:Romanica|w]])
* [[Simi, Jonathan!|Solresol]] ([[w:en:Solresol|w]])
* [[Toki a, jan Jonatan!|Toki Pona]] ([[w:en:Toki Pona|w]])
* [[Glidis, o Jonathan!|Volapük]] ([[w:en:Volapük|w]])
&lt;/div&gt;

There are a couple of issues here:

# Beyond their introductions, all of these books are written in languages which are not English, making them out of scope for the English Wikibooks.
# All but one of these books are in fact written in constructed languages, most of them in recently created conlangs. In some cases (e.g. [[Sin Chao, Jonathan!]]), I can't find any reliable sources describing the target language outside of the translation itself.
# Most of the translations (i.e. other than [[Salute, Jonathan!]] itself) were abandoned within the first five or so chapters (out of 100); none of them are complete, and there seems to be little effort to complete any of them.

While I recognize that this is an unusual project, and potentially one which could have some value, it's not at all clear to me that the English Wikibooks is the right place for it. — [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 00:24, 29 September 2024 (UTC)

: I'm really not sure what to do about these ones. While I recognize that this approach is certainly one method of teaching a language, I'm not sure that it constitutes an educational textbook. We do require that the English Wikibooks be written in English—for language-learning books, this typically means that the instructional parts are in English while the exercises are in the language being taught. I do think that if the language doesn't have much supporting evidence outside the book itself, it can safely be deleted. — [[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:01, 29 September 2024 (UTC)

: Author of the book here. I originally wanted to put it in the Interlingue Wikibooks https://ie.wikibooks.org/wiki/Principal_p%C3%A1gine but it somehow got locked when I wasn't paying attention and so I ended up putting it here. Getting it unlocked requires going through the process of starting an Incubator and all the rest so I opted for here and then started putting some English-only content once it was done. It's sort of in the same vein as books like Lingua Latina per se Illustrata that have separate versions with teacher notes and whatnot. [[Salute, Jonathan!/Capitul 1 - with notes]] After it was done the auxlang community really took to it which was a nice surprise. I think Ido has the largest number of chapters at the moment at 15.
:If the vast content of this book could be used to justify a quick reopening of the Interlingue Wikibooks to move it there, I'd love to do that. I imagine that an incubator with 100+ book chapters would be enough to open a Wikibooks and that's what this is. — [[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]] ([[User talk:Mithridates|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mithridates|contribs]]) 06:02, 29 September 2024 (UTC)

: Ah, I just realized that we do have a proposal to reopen the Interlingue Wikibooks: https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Requests_for_new_languages/Wikibooks_Interlingue along with an Incubator page here. https://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wb/ie/Principal_p%C3%A1gine
: How easy would it be to migrate the entirety of Salute Jonathan to there? — [[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]] ([[User talk:Mithridates|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mithridates|contribs]]) 06:30, 29 September 2024 (UTC)

:: Hi @[[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]]! I'm not sure how incubator projects work, but I fully support migrating these books there. You may want to inquire over there and link to this discussion to support your request to move the content over there. Cheers! — [[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 13:16, 29 September 2024 (UTC)

::: Hi! Actually I have a third idea to propose after thinking about this again today (haven't been here much since I finished the book): I noticed that there is more English content than I remember and that might make it an awkward fit for the Interlingue Wikibooks. I definitely agree that having all the auxlang translations for new auxlang projects goes well beyond the scope of this Wikibooks. Finally, there are some auxlangs that are notable with their own Wikipedias.
::: So the idea is the following:
:::# Leave the original here and I can continue the work on the version with English notes and grammar. That will make it the same as Lingua Latina per se Illustrata, English by the Nature Method, Athenaze and all the rest.
:::# The Interlingua one can move to the Interlingua Wikibooks (maybe Romanica too if they want as it is sort of a dialect of Interlingua).
:::# For Ido and Lingua Franca Nova which have a Wikipedia but not a Wikibooks, I'm a little bit unsure...technically they could have their own version like the original one but would require English explanations. I could let them know and see if they are willing to do so and see what they think (work on adding English to the books vs. move the content elsewhere).
:::# The rest can move to a Github repo, then be deleted, and the front page of this book can have a single link to the repo.
::: Any thoughts on that? Adding the extra English content will be easy as it is my book and I know it inside and out.
::: Edit: [https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Salute,_Jonathan!/Grammar_(pronouns) this page] I just added.  — [[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]] ([[User talk:Mithridates|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mithridates|contribs]]) 13:50, 29 September 2024 (UTC)

:::: Thanks for taking the time to consider this! Here are my responses/questions:
::::* Is the original [[Salute, Jonathan!]] (Occidental)? Since that one is quite fleshed out, I agree that if you edit it so the primary language of the book (e.g. headers, instructions, etc) are written in English while leaving the actual story in Occidental, it would be okay and fit in more with instructional language textbooks.
::::* For your points 2 and 3, I'm not sure how those other projects work, so I'll leave it up to them. I'm not quite sure why they would need to move, since in theory they could be revised with English as the language of instruction? Although, they have been left incomplete for a long time.
::::* For your point 4, I have no problem with that. Cheers! — [[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 16:51, 29 September 2024 (UTC)

::::: Hello again, it's the weekend so I have a bit more time to work on this. I've decided to merge the extra content from the following five chapters since the difference is fairly small and the original chapters should now have this English content. Could you delete these five pages now that they are no longer needed? [[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]] ([[User talk:Mithridates|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mithridates|contribs]]) 14:02, 5 October 2024 (UTC)
::::: [[Salute, Jonathan!/Capitul 1 - with notes]]
::::: [[Salute, Jonathan!/Capitul 2 - with notes]]
::::: [[Salute, Jonathan!/Capitul 3 - with notes]]
::::: [[Salute, Jonathan!/Capitul 4 - with notes]]
::::: [[Salute, Jonathan!/Capitul 5 - with notes]] [[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]] ([[User talk:Mithridates|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mithridates|contribs]]) 14:02, 5 October 2024 (UTC)
:::::: [[File:Yes_check.svg|{{#ifeq:|small|8|15}}px|link=|alt=]] {{#ifeq:|small|&lt;small&gt;|}}'''Done'''{{#ifeq:|small|&lt;/small&gt;|}} — [[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:34, 5 October 2024 (UTC)

::::::: Hi again! No luck trying to find a home for the random language translations on other auxlang wikis, can't find one that is actively maintained.
::::::: The thought struck me that maybe I could just put those ones on a sub page of my user page, would that be permitted? If not, I think I'll just stick them somewhere in GitHub and call it a day since none of the people who started the translations seem to care enough to do anything about them. I'd rather not see them outright disappear but since they aren't mine I don't care enough about them to do much more work than copy and paste them somewhere.
::::::: (I would leave the ones in languages with an ISO-639 code and Wikipedia here, of course) — [[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]] ([[User talk:Mithridates|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mithridates|contribs]]) 14:13, 9 November 2024 (UTC)

:::::::: Thank you for checking! I don't personally see an issue with moving them to your user space right now. Cheers — [[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 17:21, 9 November 2024 (UTC)

::::::::: Thanks a lot! I've started a single page where I will put them all here [[User:Mithridates/SJ]] and will proceed slowly due to lack of time and also to avoid stepping on any toes / asking you to delete too much at a time and possibly deleting the wrong content.
::::::::: For this week I have put the content for the languages Audia, Cristianès, Guosa, Lingaust, Mini, Mirad, and Monav on that page as they all have a single page of content and didn't take much time to move. Please delete those. Once they are gone I will add a note on the main page letting people know where they have gone (in addition to a thank you for their interest in the book! I do love how many people have recognized it as a good source material for teaching a language). — [[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]] ([[User talk:Mithridates|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mithridates|contribs]]) 04:09, 10 November 2024 (UTC)

: {{keep}} the translations for languages that have an article on the English Wikipedia, i.e. Guosa, Idiom Neutral, Ido, Interlingua, Lingwa de Planeta, Negerhollands, Neo, Novial, Occidental, Romanica, Solresol, Toki Pona, and Volapük.
: Translations for languages that don't have an article can be kept if they have reliable sources, which I was able to find for the following languages (if you think they are not reliable, please let me know):
:* Globasa: [https://www.languagesandnumbers.com/how-to-count-in-globasa/en/globasa/] [https://greyson.conlang.org/2020/01/29/shouting-out-globasa-and-pandunia/]
:* Mini: [https://jprogr.github.io/mini] [https://www.omniglot.com/language/phrases/mini.htm] [https://www.languagesandnumbers.com/how-to-count-in-mini/en/mini/]
: {{del}} and move to [[User:Mithridates/SJ]] the rest of the translations, i.e. Audià/Audian, Cristianés, Ekumenski, Germanisch, Interocidental, Lingaust, Lingue Simple, Masa Tang, Mirad, Monav, Monkel, Mundeze, Nordien, Novlingue, Numo, Proyo, and Scuian/Meteza. If you can find reliable sources for those languages, please let me know.
: In particular, I could not find resources for Audià/Audian and Monav after searching through 15 and 17 pages on Google, respectively. It doesn't help that [[Òla, Ionatà!|their]] [[Hai, Jon!|translations]] don't explain what those languages are and where to find resources for them. This makes contributing to those translations almost impossible until @[[User:Caro de Segeda|Caro de Segeda]] can provide resources to us. It's possible that the resources may have disappared from the Internet, or that those languages were created by Caro de Segeda him/herself. If you can find resources for Audià/Audian and Monav, please let me know.
: I'm notifying the primary contributors of the translations: @[[User:Caro de Segeda|Caro de Segeda]], @[[User:Frzzl|Frzzl]], @[[User:Greatscotteh|Greatscotteh]], @[[User:IHateNumbers234|IHateNumbers234]], @[[User:Jayeless2|Jayeless2]], @[[User:Morozof|Morozof]], @[[User:Omnihom|Omnihom]], @[[User:Omoutuazn|Omoutuazn]], @[[User:PovriNaivon|PovriNaivon]], @[[User:Sir Beluga|Sir Beluga]] and @[[User:Tyoyafud|Tyoyafud]]. — [[User:EJPPhilippines|EJPPhilippines]] ([[User talk:EJPPhilippines|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/EJPPhilippines|contribs]]) 09:52, 30 June 2025 (UTC)

:: Caro de Segeda said on [https://www.reddit.com/r/conlangs/comments/1lcnz9g/comment/n0sc3wx/ Reddit] that Monav was created by him/her and that he/she didn't publish any resources about it other than [[Hai, Jon!]]. With '''zero''' other resources to rely on for contributing to the translation, and the fact that Monav is in [[User:Mithridates/SJ]], [[Hai, Jon!]] should be speedy deleted. — [[User:EJPPhilippines|EJPPhilippines]] ([[User talk:EJPPhilippines|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/EJPPhilippines|contribs]]) 01:38, 3 July 2025 (UTC)

::: I've undone the speedy deletion as Caro de Segeda posted a [https://prexins.wordpress.com/2025/07/04/monav/ resource] for Monav. — [[User:EJPPhilippines|EJPPhilippines]] ([[User talk:EJPPhilippines|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/EJPPhilippines|contribs]]) 07:18, 4 July 2025 (UTC)

:::: You can delete all the ones that I have created myself, I have already moved them to other places. — [[User:Caro de Segeda|Caro de Segeda]] ([[User talk:Caro de Segeda|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Caro de Segeda|contribs]]) 12:39, 5 July 2025 (UTC)

{{outdent|::::}}I don't know if this is helpful since it wouldn't apply to most of these, but [[s:mul:]] could hold some of these. — [[User:Arlo Barnes|Arlo Barnes]] ([[User talk:Arlo Barnes|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Arlo Barnes|contribs]]) 09:18, 30 November 2025 (UTC)

: I don't think that would be within the scope of that project. I'm not aware of any other situation where Wikisource publishes translations of texts created on Wikimedia projects - that's usually left up to other language editions of the same project. — [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 05:34, 1 December 2025 (UTC)

:: In this situation there isn't a separate [[s:ie:]] distinct from Multilingual Wikisource (see [[meta:Wikisource#List of Wikisources]]). In fact, there are very few multilingual wikis in the Wikimedia sphere; while this project ''could'' move to a Miraheze-hosted or similar wiki farm location, I think it would be a missed opportunity. I suppose an [[Interlingue]] book could be started in [[shelf:Constructed languages]] which would have all 100 chapters as an appendix (and likewise for the other languages), but that also seems non-ideal since it requires an English-language text that doesn't currently exist to be created. [[WB:AT]] seems to describe a similar situation to this one and prescribe Wikisource as the solution, and [[WB:SOURCE]] mentions fiction as out-of-scope for Wikibooks (even as in this case, language-educational fiction). [[s:mul:Wikisource:about Wikisource]] simply speaks of source texts and doesn't mention publication requirements, so maybe that is specific to some of the monolingual editions? — [[User:Arlo Barnes|Arlo Barnes]] ([[User talk:Arlo Barnes|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Arlo Barnes|contribs]]) 22:28, 5 December 2025 (UTC)

:{{keep}} 100% keep. These books are a core part of language textbooks on Wikibooks and have been for years. Not sure why this is even being debated.--[[User:Xania|Xania]] [[Image:Flag_of_Estonia.svg|15px]]  [[Image:Flag_of_Ukraine.svg|15px]] [[User talk:Xania|&lt;sup&gt;talk&lt;/sup&gt;]] 17:55, 16 May 2026 (UTC)

::With all due respect, some of the books included in this nomination (like [[Sin Chao, Jonathan!]]) are written in constructed languages which are not substantially attested anywhere else. I struggle to imagine any educational purpose for such a book. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 00:12, 17 May 2026 (UTC)

== [[International Baccalaureate]] ==

Not actually a book in and of itself; rather, it is just a compilation of links to other books —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:24, 18 October 2024 (UTC)
: Could this be salvaged as a shelf? [[User:Pppery|Pppery]] ([[User talk:Pppery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Pppery|contribs]]) 05:23, 27 January 2025 (UTC)
::Probably, but are the linked books even useful? IB exams change from year to year - sometimes quite dramatically - so an old exam guide is of very limited value. Many of these books were written 10-15 years ago, and some of them (like [[IB French]]) even have comments indicating that they're no longer applicable. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 02:18, 8 December 2025 (UTC)

== [[Character List for Baxter&amp;Sagart]] ==

Seems completely out of scope as an educational book; it's just a list of characters and outlinks —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:53, 18 October 2024 (UTC)

:Adding [[Character List for Karlgren's GSR]] and [[Character List for Schuessler's CGSR]] for the same reason —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:55, 18 October 2024 (UTC)

:These three books do make a package and I agree they should be considered together. However, I strongly object to deleting them. They are really extremely useful resources. I use them every week and I know that many people who do work on Old Chinese phonology do so. There are lots of books out there that are lists of characters, these are called dictionaries. For example Axel Schuessler's ABC Etymological Dictionary of Old Chinese, or Pulleyblank's Lexicon of Reconstructed Pronunciation in Early Middle Chinese, Late Middle Chinese, and Early Mandarin. I see it as entirely a good thing for reference works of this kind to be available free online rather than only in expensive books in university research libraries. If this is in violation of a Wikibooks policy, I would at least like that policy to be drawn to my attention and to have some constructive comment offered about which Wikiproject such a resource should fall under. I will also say on a personal note that I have put literally hundreds of hours of work into these projects and it would grieve me a lot to see this work simply vanish, in particular when I know that colleagues around the world use these books. --[[User:Tibetologist|Tibetologist]] ([[User talk:Tibetologist|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Tibetologist|contribs]]) 07:27, 1 November 2024 (UTC)
::Hi @[[User:Tibetologist|Tibetologist]], and thank you for the feedback! Official Wikibooks policy does not permit standalone dictionaries (see [[WB:DICT]]), though I understand the argument that it is a useful resource. I am wondering if there might be a home for it at [[Wiktionary:Wiktionary:Welcome, newcomers|Wiktionary]] or [[Wikiversity:Wikiversity:SHARE|Wikiversity]]? Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 12:14, 1 November 2024 (UTC)
:::The policy says to use Wiktionary, but these books cannot be moved there. In fact they link there, you can understand me as having made an index to wiktionary, if you like, where the ORDER of the characters is extremely important, information that would be lost in Wiktionary. 
:::Wikiversity is not a project I participate in, and in any event my books here are older than it, so this option was not available for me at the relevant moment. If you are offering to move my books to Wikiversity, that is very kind of you and I will very graciously accept. [[User:Tibetologist|Tibetologist]] ([[User talk:Tibetologist|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Tibetologist|contribs]]) 14:10, 1 November 2024 (UTC)
::::I have pinged over at Wikiversity Colloquium to ask about suitability and have looped you into the conversation over there. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:20, 1 November 2024 (UTC)
::I concur. I'm just an undergrad who tries to learn about Sino-Tibetan historical linguistics in his free time but I've found this wikibook to be incredibly useful, and I keep it open in one tab while I watch Professor Nathan Hill's lectures that he uploads to youtube in another tab, and another tab for taking notes. In fact if I remember correctly Professor Hill actually pointed his students to this wikibook. 
::I'm not familiar with [[wikiversity:Wikiversity:SHARE|Wikiversity]] but if all the content were as accessible there as it is here then I think that could work.  [[User:ChromeBones|ChromeBones]] ([[User talk:ChromeBones|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/ChromeBones|contribs]]) 02:43, 9 July 2025 (UTC)
:Per [[:v:Wikiversity:Colloquium#Import_Resource_From_Wikibooks?]], I recommend copying and pasting, including attribution via the edit summary and talk page, add appropriate categories and links, and then it could be deleted locally. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 22:32, 3 November 2024 (UTC)

== [[Suomen kieli käyttöön]] ==

Multiple pages in this book are written entirely in Finnish, which is out of the enWB scope. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 00:09, 19 October 2024 (UTC)

:I was going to say whether we should ask any fiwikibooks sysop to maybe see if this could be transwikied to fiwb if it's within the scope there. But [[:fi:Toiminnot:Käyttäjät/sysop]] indicates that there are only 3 sysops, and only {{u|Anr}} and {{u|Zache}} have made edits this ''year''. If they deem it to be salvageable, then transwiki + delete, otherwise straight-up delete. --[[User:SHB2000|SHB2000]] ([[User talk:SHB2000|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/SHB2000|contribs]]) 11:24, 14 November 2024 (UTC)
::It seems that the idea behind the book was for the pages to be bilingual, as it’s a language learning book. That’s why there are Finnish texts included intentionally even on the pages that are complete. There are similar books in dewikibooks and ruwikibooks as well. For the English version, I think the easiest way to proceed would be to clean up and adjust the page layout to fit enwikibooks better, and then translate the missing parts. By the way, if anyone wants to update the book’s name in English, it can be titled ''&quot;Using the Finnish Language&quot;'' or ''&quot;Put Finnish Language into Use&quot;'' for a direct translation.   [[User:Zache|Zache]] ([[User talk:Zache|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Zache|contribs]]) 11:57, 14 November 2024 (UTC)

== [[AT&amp;T Mobility FAQ]] ==

* [[AT&amp;T Mobility FAQ]]
* [[AT&amp;T Mobility FAQ/MEdia Net Configuration]]
* [[AT&amp;T Mobility FAQ/Data Connect Configuration]]
An ''extremely'' outdated FAQ on AT&amp;T's cell phone services. Most of this document was written 20+ years ago as a Usenet FAQ; very little of it is accurate or useful anymore (particularly the two subpages, which have to do with obsolete configurations for &quot;tethering&quot; a computer to a cell phone). No objection if someone wants to update it, but there's clearly been no appetite to do that. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 22:20, 30 December 2024 (UTC)

:I'm wondering if it might make sense for us to develop some kind of policy on archiving books here. There are many like this one that have a good deal of content but are extremely out of date and just not useful as originally intended. ——[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 22:34, 30 December 2024 (UTC)
::@[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]]: See the newly developed [[Wikibooks:Outdated books]]. [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]&lt;sub&gt;[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]&lt;sub&gt;[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/sub&gt; ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 00:16, 31 December 2024 (UTC)
:::Ooh, thanks - something like that seems like it could be an appropriate way to handle this book. A lot of the other outdated books I've tagged have been so incomplete that they wouldn't have been particularly useful even as historical references; this one might at least have some interest.
:::Any chance we can get a separate namespace (maybe &quot;Archive:&quot;) set up for archived book content? That'd make it possible to do things like exclude them from on-site search by default. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 21:07, 31 December 2024 (UTC)
::::I think this might be a more extended discussion, so I'll bump it over to the [[Wikibooks talk:Outdated books|talk page of the draft policy]]! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 21:54, 31 December 2024 (UTC)

== Algebra/Chapter 10/Symmetric Polynomials ==

I personally believe that [[Algebra/Chapter 10/Symmetric Polynomials|this]], and all of the sections should be deleted for the fact that this goes WAY beyond the scope of what was intended for the Chapter (Algebra II level polynomials). [[User:GoreyCat|GoreyCat]] ([[User talk:GoreyCat|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/GoreyCat|contribs]]) 15:07, 6 February 2025 (UTC)

:'''Split''': Deletion here is not the best solution (see [[w:WP:ATD]]). Instead, this page and its subpages should be moved to another book, most likely [[Abstract Algebra]]. [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]&lt;sub&gt;[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]&lt;sub&gt;[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/sub&gt; ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 17:35, 6 February 2025 (UTC)
:{{keep}} since there is a good amount of content. If [[Abstract Algebra]] is appropriate, it seems like a fine idea to move there. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 22:59, 7 February 2025 (UTC)
::Eh, yeah, I supposed moving it is better. I just don't think it's suitable for where it appears. [[User:GoreyCat|GoreyCat]] ([[User talk:GoreyCat|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/GoreyCat|contribs]]) 01:40, 8 February 2025 (UTC)
== [[Puredyne]] ==

Development of Puredyne Linux was discontinued in 2012, and the software no longer appears to be available for download anywhere. (An archive of the web site is still up - with a bunch of embedded spam links - but the download links are all dead.) Is this a suitable candidate for archival (cf. [[Wikibooks:Outdated books]]), or should it just be deleted? [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 04:35, 5 March 2025 (UTC)

:I'd just archive stuff like this. Looks like a decent bit of work went into it, and you never know when someone might need to use Puredyne for some obscure project. I'd be willing to bet mirrors exist of it somewhere, or someone has it on a drive. If you want to find some stuff worth deleting, comb through [[:Category:Allbooks categories]]. [[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] ([[User talk:MediaKyle|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaKyle|contribs]]) 11:30, 5 March 2025 (UTC)

== [[Template:Qr-twwp]] ==
This isn't exactly a request to delete the template, but rather to merge it with {{tlx|Copypaste}}. The {{tlx|Qr-twwp}} template serves the same purpose as {{tlx|Copypaste}}, but without the seven-day period after which the page is deleted. This leads to confusion, as well as a perpetually full [[:Category:Queried pages]]. [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]&lt;sub&gt;[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]&lt;sub&gt;[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/sub&gt; ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 17:37, 30 March 2025 (UTC)

== [[Ghouls of the Miskatonic]] ==

I don't think that a plot summary of a book is in-scope here. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:43, 20 August 2025 (UTC)

:{{vd}} - at least, not a summary of ''this'' book. A summary and/or study guide to a notable work of literature might be in scope, but this is certainly not one. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 21:23, 25 August 2025 (UTC)
::Hi. I am the creator of the pages of this book. If I understand correctly, it has to be a summary of a notable work of literature? So what exactly is defined as such? I only started this as I thought it would be fun, interesting and encouraging to others who read the Arkham Horror novels, and I thought it was permitted as I've seen other summaries of books on wikibooks. [[User:Dayne90|Dayne90]] ([[User talk:Dayne90|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dayne90|contribs]]) 13:27, 26 August 2025 (UTC)
:::Your problem is it is just the plot... it needs to include an educational textual analysis to be in scope [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 12:47, 28 August 2025 (UTC)
::::And ideally it'd be a text which has ''already'' been the subject of literary analysis, such that the analysis on Wikibooks isn't original research. A notable work of literature like ''Frankenstein'' or ''Moby-Dick'' would easily meet that requirement; a tie-in novel for a tabletop RPG probably does not. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 22:08, 29 August 2025 (UTC)

== [[Template:Deleted page]] ==

Per [[Wikibooks:Reading room/Proposals#Retiring Template:Deleted page]], this is because the template is unnecessary given that creation protection (salting) is used instead. I am also proposing the deletion of the following categories used by this template:
* [[:Category:Protected deleted categories]]
* [[:Category:Protected deleted pages]]
Thanks. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#0024FF&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 15:36, 29 January 2026 (UTC)

:This seems premature - [[:Category:Protected deleted pages]] is still in use for pages with generic names. Is there a plan to transition those pages to create protection; if so, can that be implemented before deleting the templates/categories? [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 02:28, 30 January 2026 (UTC)
::JJPMaster proposed that the pages listed in that category should be moved to the [[MediaWiki:Titleblacklist|title blacklist]], and that {{tlx|naming policy notice}} shall be fully protected and used as an interface (title blacklist) message. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#0024FF&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 03:18, 30 January 2026 (UTC)
:::@[[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]]: Have you seen this reply? [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]&lt;sub&gt;[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]&lt;sub&gt;[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/sub&gt; ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 15:28, 11 February 2026 (UTC)
::::I have, but I'm not sure I follow. These templates, and the categories which they populate, are currently in use. Once that's no longer the case, I have no objection to deleting them - but they need to be delinked first. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 00:20, 12 February 2026 (UTC)
:::::I deleted the categories mentioned above, moved all the generic titles to the title blacklist, and for those pages that used {{tlx|Deleted page}}, I deleted then applied creation protection. An uninvolved admin can delete {{tlx|Deleted page}} and then close this request. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#0024FF&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 02:39, 30 March 2026 (UTC)
: Would an uninvolved admin delete the template and close this request? Pinging @[[User:Atcovi|Atcovi]]. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#0024FF&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 01:39, 10 July 2026 (UTC)


== [[History of wireless telegraphy and broadcasting in Australia/Topical/Publications/Wireless Weekly/Issues/1928 03 23]] ==
{{closed|No consensus to delete —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:08, 10 July 2026 (UTC)}}
Transcribed from a magazine copy that cannot be traced via the URL provided. Generally archival of primary source works is undertaken on Wikisource (not Wikibooks), backed by a suitable page scan. This isn't at present. [[User:ShakespeareFan00|ShakespeareFan00]] ([[User talk:ShakespeareFan00|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/ShakespeareFan00|contribs]]) 16:32, 27 April 2026 (UTC)

:This doesn't need an RfD since it is obviously out of scope. You can instead put a CSD tag on the page. Additionally, it seems that the entire /Publications section contains only source works here, so it might require a mass deletion. [[User:kingofnuthin|&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia; color: lime&quot;&gt;kingofnuthin&lt;/span&gt;]] ([[User talk:kingofnuthin|&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia; color: teal&quot;&gt;talk&lt;/span&gt;]]) 17:32, 27 April 2026 (UTC)
::@[[User:Samuel.dellit|Samuel.dellit]] looping you in here so you're aware. I don't think any pages like this (i.e. source text) can be kept here, since we are explicitly and unambiguously not a text repository per [[WB:SOURCE]]. I am inclined to speedily delete for that reason, but I want to hear from the primary editor. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:40, 27 April 2026 (UTC)
:::Thanks for looping me in.
:::This is not simply a transcription of the magazine.
:::It includes new formatting to make the content better reachable.
:::It includes commentary to place the transcribed material in context.
:::It permits related material to be placed in chronological order.
:::The version here is not complete (as per banner included), hence the URL link not working (National Library of Australia's Trove has been updated).
:::There is no point in placing this material on Wikisource as the Trove website is functionally similar and now provides for text correction (a fairly recent development).
:::I have not be editing Wikibooks for the last six month's following a personal matter but now slowly returning to the task.
:::[[User:Samuel.dellit|Samuel.dellit]] ([[User talk:Samuel.dellit|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Samuel.dellit|contribs]]) 19:08, 27 April 2026 (UTC)
::::I'm still not sure whether this makes it in-scope at Wikibooks and suitable for the book-like scope of this work, so I'm looping in other admins to weigh in on scope and consensus @[[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]] @[[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] @[[User:JJPMaster|JJPMaster]] @[[User:SHB2000|SHB2000]]. For material that is planned but not yet enacted after a significant period, I'm wondering if user space is more suitable than main space.  —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 19:48, 3 May 2026 (UTC)
:::::This is just one page of a book, right? It's not like the entire wikibook is a transcription. I'm inclined to keep it unless there is something I am missing. &quot;For material that is planned but not yet enacted after a significant period&quot; - that's a draft and can generally stay in article space. [[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]] ([[User talk:Leaderboard|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Leaderboard|contribs]]) 05:09, 4 May 2026 (UTC)
::::::My thoughts are similar to Leaderboard's. --[[User:SHB2000|SHB2000]] ([[User talk:SHB2000|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/SHB2000|contribs]]) 05:47, 4 May 2026 (UTC)
::::::@[[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]] @[[User:SHB2000|SHB2000]] Thank you, and good to know. Unless I am misunderstanding, the plan is actually to host many source texts in this book's namespace (see other subpages in [[History of wireless telegraphy and broadcasting in Australia/Topical/Publications]]) and not limited to this one page. Additionally, do we have anything in policy regarding how long drafts can stay in mainspace? I couldn't find anything, and it strikes me as unconstructive to the project if pages with significant issues (e.g. scope, quality, etc) are left in the mainspace for months to years. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 19:15, 4 May 2026 (UTC)
:::::::@[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] Thank you for your considered responses, the following is provided as background summary. 
:::::::(1) I should mention that all of these pages were speedily deleted six months ago on the basis of breach of copyright, despite the fact that they are in the public domain (yes I was remiss in not making this clear in the relevant discussion pages, and yes I was aware of the need for copyright explanation, but was overly focussed on content creation). I was hit by about 20 simultaneous speedily delete notifications, responded to 2 or 3 thinking that would be sufficient, but later found they had all been deleted (I was not active on Wikibooks at the time). My intention is to provide clear public domain information for each page in the coming months, but I am only one person and need time to give effect. Copyright worldwide is quite complex.
:::::::(2) I was hit by this RfD about 2 weeks ago, nominally a single subpage, but with the threat of dozens of subpages being similarly treated. This time the basis of the RfD was breach of the &quot;Not a text repository&quot; policy, of which I was not previously aware. I see in the policy that there is a clear exception for annotated texts and I will further develop content in support of that exception (you will see that is my general practice in any event). There are literally hundreds of articles in this Wikibook already heavily annotated, simply on the basis of good authorship e.g.
:::::::https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/History_of_wireless_telegraphy_and_broadcasting_in_Australia/Topical/Biographies/Clement_Edgar_Ames/Notes
:::::::https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/History_of_wireless_telegraphy_and_broadcasting_in_Australia/Topical/Stations/7BU_Burnie/Notes
:::::::But, again, I am only one person and need time to give effect. [[User:Samuel.dellit|Samuel.dellit]] ([[User talk:Samuel.dellit|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Samuel.dellit|contribs]]) 19:59, 4 May 2026 (UTC)
:::::::@[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] As far as I can see, isn't the goal to annotate most of those pages? And there is no set limit for a draft. The main reason we'd delete a draft is if the book ''itself'' has nothing of value, which is not the case here. [[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]] ([[User talk:Leaderboard|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Leaderboard|contribs]]) 04:49, 5 May 2026 (UTC)
::::::::Got it, thank you! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 00:06, 6 May 2026 (UTC)
: As an admin who was involved in deleting this (and related subpages) and ''only'' undeleting it later per the author's request, I therefore '''recuse''' (will not do) on taking any administrative actions for this request. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#0024FF&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 17:33, 27 April 2026 (UTC)
:{{vd}} - including other similar pages - per nom. Transcriptions of previously published works, like these magazines, belong on Wikisource. I don't see any evidence of substantial commentary in any of the pages I've looked at. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 17:47, 28 April 2026 (UTC)
::Additionally, I'd note that creating content like [[History of wireless telegraphy and broadcasting in Australia/Editing/Fair dealing]] or [[History of wireless telegraphy and broadcasting in Australia/Editing/Not a text repository]] is not helpful. This sort of argumentative content clearly does not belong in a book. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 02:14, 9 May 2026 (UTC)
:{{keep}} - including other similar pages - annotated texts WB:AT are a clear exception to Wikibooks &quot;Not a text repository&quot; policy; these are subpages of a very large body of work (I understand the largest Wikibook in Wikibooks) and integral to its overall development; yes, the pages are a work in progress and the annotations are as yet limited, but I will now prioritise their development[[User:Samuel.dellit|Samuel.dellit]] ([[User talk:Samuel.dellit|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Samuel.dellit|contribs]]) 19:28, 3 May 2026 (UTC)
:{{keep}}. Annotated texts are an exception and while there can be a debate about how much annotation is enough, at the moment I think we should accept the primary editor's position in respect of their intent. [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 13:58, 5 May 2026 (UTC)
: {{keep}} per above. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#0024FF&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 23:07, 19 May 2026 (UTC)
: @[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] Please consider closing this RFD discussion. This was running for more than one month (I believe) and as I can tell there is probably no consensus to delete. Thank you. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#0024FF&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 01:30, 10 July 2026 (UTC)
{{end closed}}

== [[History Books]] ==
Minimal existing content is editorialized, book scope unclear, no sourcing —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:47, 27 April 2026 (UTC)

:{{comment}} - there is one unlinked subpage of this book, [[History Books/Who Was Alexander the Great/Introduction]]. I'm not impressed by the content (it's basically historical fiction written for a young child), but it's not hopeless. I'd encourage the author to create an account to allow us to communicate with them. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 18:34, 28 April 2026 (UTC)
::If it is really aimed at children, shouldn't it be moved to the Wikijunior: namespace? [[User:kingofnuthin|&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia; color: lime&quot;&gt;kingofnuthin&lt;/span&gt;]] ([[User talk:kingofnuthin|&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia; color: teal&quot;&gt;talk&lt;/span&gt;]]) 18:55, 28 April 2026 (UTC)
: @[[User:Kingofnuthin|Kingofnuthin]] and @[[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]]: I am unsure whethere there is consensus to either keep or move–I am not seeing any bolded votes, and there is not much participation here. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#0024FF&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 01:34, 10 July 2026 (UTC)

== [[Objective Projection: Why the Brain Never Forgets Some Stories]] ==

Undisclosed AI-generated content. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 02:13, 9 May 2026 (UTC)

:&lt;nowiki&gt;'''Keep'''&lt;/nowiki&gt; — Comment from page author/subject expert.
:I am Levent Bulut, the originator of the &lt;nowiki&gt;''&lt;/nowiki&gt;Objective Projection&lt;nowiki&gt;''&lt;/nowiki&gt; methodology described in this book (ORCID: 0009-0007-7500-2261, Wikidata: Q138048287). I want to address the AI-generated content concern directly and transparently.
:&lt;nowiki&gt;'''&lt;/nowiki&gt;On the content itself:&lt;nowiki&gt;'''&lt;/nowiki&gt; The methodology, theoretical framework (the six-variable operator E(r) = projS(M, T, V, Δ, Ω, Ng), the Six Golden Rules, the Six-Layer Framework), and all original arguments are my own intellectual work, developed and published independently. This is documented through:
:* 26 DOI-registered academic publications on Zenodo (search: &quot;Levent Bulut Objective Projection&quot;)
:* A peer-reviewed submission currently under review at &lt;nowiki&gt;''&lt;/nowiki&gt;Digital Humanities Quarterly&lt;nowiki&gt;''&lt;/nowiki&gt;
:* Parallel Turkish-language Wikibook and Wikiversity pages on the same methodology
:* An open-source SFT dataset on Hugging Face (leventbulut/objective-projection)
:&lt;nowiki&gt;'''&lt;/nowiki&gt;On AI assistance:&lt;nowiki&gt;'''&lt;/nowiki&gt; I used AI tools (Claude) for English translation polish and copy-editing from my Turkish source materials — the same way a non-native English-speaking academic would use a human translator or editor. The &lt;nowiki&gt;''&lt;/nowiki&gt;ideas, structure, terminology, citations, and arguments&lt;nowiki&gt;''&lt;/nowiki&gt; are entirely my own and pre-date the Wikibooks version, traceable through Zenodo DOI timestamps starting in 2025.
:&lt;nowiki&gt;'''&lt;/nowiki&gt;Proposed remedy instead of deletion:&lt;nowiki&gt;'''&lt;/nowiki&gt; I am happy to:
:# Add a clear AI-assistance disclosure to the book's preface, per Wikibooks transparency norms
:# Add inline citations to the underlying DOI-registered publications for every major claim
:# Link to the parallel Turkish version and academic record
:This would address the &lt;nowiki&gt;''&lt;/nowiki&gt;undisclosed&lt;nowiki&gt;''&lt;/nowiki&gt; part of the concern (which is the actionable policy issue) while preserving content that is original academic work by an identifiable author with a published track record. Deletion of original scholarship because translation assistance was used would set a concerning precedent for non-native English contributors.
:&lt;nowiki&gt;I request a few days to add the disclosure and citations before any deletion action. ~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt; [[Special:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-28847-60|&amp;#126;2026-28847-60]] ([[User talk:&amp;#126;2026-28847-60|talk]]) 18:46, 13 May 2026 (UTC)
::Administrative assistance needed: Automated filters blocking structural improvements and disclosures
::'''Request for Help''' — I am Levent Bulut, the author of this book. I have already provided my AI disclosure and academic credentials (ORCID, DOI list) here in this discussion.
::I am trying to update the book to comply with Wikibooks standards by:
::Adding a formal '''AI assistance disclosure''' at the top of the page.
::Restructuring the content into an '''instructional textbook format''' (adding Learning Objectives).
::Converting plain text formulas into '''LaTeX''' ( format).
::Updating references to include full academic '''DOI''' records.
::However, the automated filter is blocking all my attempts:
::If I try to replace the content with the improved version, it triggers the '''&quot;large amount of content removal&quot;''' filter.
::If I try to add specific academic links, it triggers the '''&quot;automated link/spam&quot;''' filter.
::I am essentially trapped by the filters while trying to improve the book and follow transparency norms. Could an administrator please either whitelist my account or manually apply the improved version of the text? I am ready to provide the full MediaWiki code here if requested. My intent is purely constructive and academic. [[Special:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-28847-60|&amp;#126;2026-28847-60]] ([[User talk:&amp;#126;2026-28847-60|talk]]) 19:15, 13 May 2026 (UTC)
::: Hi, @[[User:~2026-28847-60|~2026-28847-60]]. Your account was incorrectly locked by a steward. It is now currently unlocked. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#0024FF&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 17:44, 15 May 2026 (UTC)
:::: Pinging @[[User:Projection Architect|Projection Architect]], who was previously LeventBulut. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#0024FF&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 15:51, 4 July 2026 (UTC)
::Please review [[Wikibooks:Artificial intelligence]]. It states unequivocally that {{tq|LLMs may not be used to generate or summarize material and ideas at Wikibooks}}, and that {{tq|translations made by LLMs are not allowed on Wikibooks}}. The fact that you did not disclose your usage of AI is part of the problem, but disclosing it does not make it allowable either.
::More broadly, based on what you've said above, the content of this book is a reflection of your personal theories on writing. This is essentially [[Wikibooks:Original research]] and is not permitted. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 22:36, 13 May 2026 (UTC)

== [[Guide to Tor hidden services and elements of the Tor network]] ==

This book was created in 2014 with some odd history, but never really progressed beyond a preface and [[Guide to Tor hidden services and elements of the Tor network/Chapter 3: Darknet markets in theory and practice|a single subpage]]. As a result of [https://blog.torproject.org/v2-deprecation-timeline/ changes to the Tor network] made in 2020-2021, all of the .onion links in this book are dead; there's nothing usable left here. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 08:54, 4 July 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>dqv98hl2szshui4d85h27amcvkspzfd</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4653481</id>
      <parentid>4653450</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-10T11:49:28Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Atcovi</username>
        <id>1015207</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>/* Template:Deleted page */ done</comment>
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      <text bytes="52380" sha1="59ilitygvlug6tvozgfkf2y3p9b3613" xml:space="preserve">__NEWSECTIONLINK__
[[Category:Wikibooks deletion|{{PAGENAME}}]]
{{Discussion Rooms}}
{{TOCleft}}
{{shortcut|WB:RFD}}
{{Requests for deletion/New deletion}}
{{Requests for deletion/Deletion intro}}
&lt;!-- New deletion nominations go at the bottom of page. --&gt;

== [[Salute, Jonathan!]] and its translations ==

&lt;div style=&quot;column-count: 7;&quot;&gt;
* [[Salute, Jonathan!|Interlingue/Occidental]] ([[w:en:Occidental|w]], original)
* [[Òla, Ionatà!|Audià]]
* [[Holo, Jonathan!|Cristianés]]
* [[Terve, Jonathan!|Ekumenski]]
* [[Hej, Jonathan! (Germanisch)|Germanisch]]
* [[Salom, Jonatan!|Globasa]]
* [[Àlŏ, Jonathan!|Guosa]] ([[w:en:Guosa|w]])
* [[Salut, Jonathan!|Idiom Neutral]] ([[w:en:Idiom Neutral|w]])
* [[Saluto, Jonathan! (Ido)|Ido]] ([[w:en:Ido|w]])
* [[Hallo, Jonathan!|Interlingua]] ([[w:en:Interlingua|w]])
* [[Salut, Jonathan! (Interocidental)|Interocidental]]
* [[Bune Ğonatan!|Lingaust]]
* [[Oila, Jonatan!|Lingue Simple]]
* [[Haloo, Jonatan!|Lingwa de Planeta]] ([[w:en:Lingwa de Planeta|w]])
* [[Sin Chao, Jonathan!|Masa Tang]]
* [[Salut, ionatano!|Meteza]]
* [[Salu, Jon!|Mini]]
* [[Hay, Jonathan!|Mirad]]
* [[Hai, Jon!|Monav]]
* [[Sesan Jon!|Monkel]]
* [[Salam, Jonathan!|Mundeze]]
* [[Dag, Jonathan!|Negerhollands]] ([[w:en:Negerhollands|w]])
* [[Salut Jonathan!|Neo]] ([[w:en:Neo|w]])
* [[Hej, Jonathan!|Nordien]]
* [[Saluto, Jonathan!|Novial]] ([[w:en:Novial|w]])
* [[Salute, Jonathan! (Novlingue)|Novlingue]]
* [[Alo, Jonathan!|Numo]]
* [[Hela, Jonathan!|Proyo]]
* [[Salute, Jonathan! (Romanica)|Romanica]] ([[w:en:Romanica|w]])
* [[Simi, Jonathan!|Solresol]] ([[w:en:Solresol|w]])
* [[Toki a, jan Jonatan!|Toki Pona]] ([[w:en:Toki Pona|w]])
* [[Glidis, o Jonathan!|Volapük]] ([[w:en:Volapük|w]])
&lt;/div&gt;

There are a couple of issues here:

# Beyond their introductions, all of these books are written in languages which are not English, making them out of scope for the English Wikibooks.
# All but one of these books are in fact written in constructed languages, most of them in recently created conlangs. In some cases (e.g. [[Sin Chao, Jonathan!]]), I can't find any reliable sources describing the target language outside of the translation itself.
# Most of the translations (i.e. other than [[Salute, Jonathan!]] itself) were abandoned within the first five or so chapters (out of 100); none of them are complete, and there seems to be little effort to complete any of them.

While I recognize that this is an unusual project, and potentially one which could have some value, it's not at all clear to me that the English Wikibooks is the right place for it. — [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 00:24, 29 September 2024 (UTC)

: I'm really not sure what to do about these ones. While I recognize that this approach is certainly one method of teaching a language, I'm not sure that it constitutes an educational textbook. We do require that the English Wikibooks be written in English—for language-learning books, this typically means that the instructional parts are in English while the exercises are in the language being taught. I do think that if the language doesn't have much supporting evidence outside the book itself, it can safely be deleted. — [[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:01, 29 September 2024 (UTC)

: Author of the book here. I originally wanted to put it in the Interlingue Wikibooks https://ie.wikibooks.org/wiki/Principal_p%C3%A1gine but it somehow got locked when I wasn't paying attention and so I ended up putting it here. Getting it unlocked requires going through the process of starting an Incubator and all the rest so I opted for here and then started putting some English-only content once it was done. It's sort of in the same vein as books like Lingua Latina per se Illustrata that have separate versions with teacher notes and whatnot. [[Salute, Jonathan!/Capitul 1 - with notes]] After it was done the auxlang community really took to it which was a nice surprise. I think Ido has the largest number of chapters at the moment at 15.
:If the vast content of this book could be used to justify a quick reopening of the Interlingue Wikibooks to move it there, I'd love to do that. I imagine that an incubator with 100+ book chapters would be enough to open a Wikibooks and that's what this is. — [[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]] ([[User talk:Mithridates|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mithridates|contribs]]) 06:02, 29 September 2024 (UTC)

: Ah, I just realized that we do have a proposal to reopen the Interlingue Wikibooks: https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Requests_for_new_languages/Wikibooks_Interlingue along with an Incubator page here. https://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wb/ie/Principal_p%C3%A1gine
: How easy would it be to migrate the entirety of Salute Jonathan to there? — [[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]] ([[User talk:Mithridates|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mithridates|contribs]]) 06:30, 29 September 2024 (UTC)

:: Hi @[[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]]! I'm not sure how incubator projects work, but I fully support migrating these books there. You may want to inquire over there and link to this discussion to support your request to move the content over there. Cheers! — [[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 13:16, 29 September 2024 (UTC)

::: Hi! Actually I have a third idea to propose after thinking about this again today (haven't been here much since I finished the book): I noticed that there is more English content than I remember and that might make it an awkward fit for the Interlingue Wikibooks. I definitely agree that having all the auxlang translations for new auxlang projects goes well beyond the scope of this Wikibooks. Finally, there are some auxlangs that are notable with their own Wikipedias.
::: So the idea is the following:
:::# Leave the original here and I can continue the work on the version with English notes and grammar. That will make it the same as Lingua Latina per se Illustrata, English by the Nature Method, Athenaze and all the rest.
:::# The Interlingua one can move to the Interlingua Wikibooks (maybe Romanica too if they want as it is sort of a dialect of Interlingua).
:::# For Ido and Lingua Franca Nova which have a Wikipedia but not a Wikibooks, I'm a little bit unsure...technically they could have their own version like the original one but would require English explanations. I could let them know and see if they are willing to do so and see what they think (work on adding English to the books vs. move the content elsewhere).
:::# The rest can move to a Github repo, then be deleted, and the front page of this book can have a single link to the repo.
::: Any thoughts on that? Adding the extra English content will be easy as it is my book and I know it inside and out.
::: Edit: [https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Salute,_Jonathan!/Grammar_(pronouns) this page] I just added.  — [[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]] ([[User talk:Mithridates|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mithridates|contribs]]) 13:50, 29 September 2024 (UTC)

:::: Thanks for taking the time to consider this! Here are my responses/questions:
::::* Is the original [[Salute, Jonathan!]] (Occidental)? Since that one is quite fleshed out, I agree that if you edit it so the primary language of the book (e.g. headers, instructions, etc) are written in English while leaving the actual story in Occidental, it would be okay and fit in more with instructional language textbooks.
::::* For your points 2 and 3, I'm not sure how those other projects work, so I'll leave it up to them. I'm not quite sure why they would need to move, since in theory they could be revised with English as the language of instruction? Although, they have been left incomplete for a long time.
::::* For your point 4, I have no problem with that. Cheers! — [[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 16:51, 29 September 2024 (UTC)

::::: Hello again, it's the weekend so I have a bit more time to work on this. I've decided to merge the extra content from the following five chapters since the difference is fairly small and the original chapters should now have this English content. Could you delete these five pages now that they are no longer needed? [[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]] ([[User talk:Mithridates|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mithridates|contribs]]) 14:02, 5 October 2024 (UTC)
::::: [[Salute, Jonathan!/Capitul 1 - with notes]]
::::: [[Salute, Jonathan!/Capitul 2 - with notes]]
::::: [[Salute, Jonathan!/Capitul 3 - with notes]]
::::: [[Salute, Jonathan!/Capitul 4 - with notes]]
::::: [[Salute, Jonathan!/Capitul 5 - with notes]] [[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]] ([[User talk:Mithridates|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mithridates|contribs]]) 14:02, 5 October 2024 (UTC)
:::::: [[File:Yes_check.svg|{{#ifeq:|small|8|15}}px|link=|alt=]] {{#ifeq:|small|&lt;small&gt;|}}'''Done'''{{#ifeq:|small|&lt;/small&gt;|}} — [[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:34, 5 October 2024 (UTC)

::::::: Hi again! No luck trying to find a home for the random language translations on other auxlang wikis, can't find one that is actively maintained.
::::::: The thought struck me that maybe I could just put those ones on a sub page of my user page, would that be permitted? If not, I think I'll just stick them somewhere in GitHub and call it a day since none of the people who started the translations seem to care enough to do anything about them. I'd rather not see them outright disappear but since they aren't mine I don't care enough about them to do much more work than copy and paste them somewhere.
::::::: (I would leave the ones in languages with an ISO-639 code and Wikipedia here, of course) — [[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]] ([[User talk:Mithridates|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mithridates|contribs]]) 14:13, 9 November 2024 (UTC)

:::::::: Thank you for checking! I don't personally see an issue with moving them to your user space right now. Cheers — [[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 17:21, 9 November 2024 (UTC)

::::::::: Thanks a lot! I've started a single page where I will put them all here [[User:Mithridates/SJ]] and will proceed slowly due to lack of time and also to avoid stepping on any toes / asking you to delete too much at a time and possibly deleting the wrong content.
::::::::: For this week I have put the content for the languages Audia, Cristianès, Guosa, Lingaust, Mini, Mirad, and Monav on that page as they all have a single page of content and didn't take much time to move. Please delete those. Once they are gone I will add a note on the main page letting people know where they have gone (in addition to a thank you for their interest in the book! I do love how many people have recognized it as a good source material for teaching a language). — [[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]] ([[User talk:Mithridates|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mithridates|contribs]]) 04:09, 10 November 2024 (UTC)

: {{keep}} the translations for languages that have an article on the English Wikipedia, i.e. Guosa, Idiom Neutral, Ido, Interlingua, Lingwa de Planeta, Negerhollands, Neo, Novial, Occidental, Romanica, Solresol, Toki Pona, and Volapük.
: Translations for languages that don't have an article can be kept if they have reliable sources, which I was able to find for the following languages (if you think they are not reliable, please let me know):
:* Globasa: [https://www.languagesandnumbers.com/how-to-count-in-globasa/en/globasa/] [https://greyson.conlang.org/2020/01/29/shouting-out-globasa-and-pandunia/]
:* Mini: [https://jprogr.github.io/mini] [https://www.omniglot.com/language/phrases/mini.htm] [https://www.languagesandnumbers.com/how-to-count-in-mini/en/mini/]
: {{del}} and move to [[User:Mithridates/SJ]] the rest of the translations, i.e. Audià/Audian, Cristianés, Ekumenski, Germanisch, Interocidental, Lingaust, Lingue Simple, Masa Tang, Mirad, Monav, Monkel, Mundeze, Nordien, Novlingue, Numo, Proyo, and Scuian/Meteza. If you can find reliable sources for those languages, please let me know.
: In particular, I could not find resources for Audià/Audian and Monav after searching through 15 and 17 pages on Google, respectively. It doesn't help that [[Òla, Ionatà!|their]] [[Hai, Jon!|translations]] don't explain what those languages are and where to find resources for them. This makes contributing to those translations almost impossible until @[[User:Caro de Segeda|Caro de Segeda]] can provide resources to us. It's possible that the resources may have disappared from the Internet, or that those languages were created by Caro de Segeda him/herself. If you can find resources for Audià/Audian and Monav, please let me know.
: I'm notifying the primary contributors of the translations: @[[User:Caro de Segeda|Caro de Segeda]], @[[User:Frzzl|Frzzl]], @[[User:Greatscotteh|Greatscotteh]], @[[User:IHateNumbers234|IHateNumbers234]], @[[User:Jayeless2|Jayeless2]], @[[User:Morozof|Morozof]], @[[User:Omnihom|Omnihom]], @[[User:Omoutuazn|Omoutuazn]], @[[User:PovriNaivon|PovriNaivon]], @[[User:Sir Beluga|Sir Beluga]] and @[[User:Tyoyafud|Tyoyafud]]. — [[User:EJPPhilippines|EJPPhilippines]] ([[User talk:EJPPhilippines|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/EJPPhilippines|contribs]]) 09:52, 30 June 2025 (UTC)

:: Caro de Segeda said on [https://www.reddit.com/r/conlangs/comments/1lcnz9g/comment/n0sc3wx/ Reddit] that Monav was created by him/her and that he/she didn't publish any resources about it other than [[Hai, Jon!]]. With '''zero''' other resources to rely on for contributing to the translation, and the fact that Monav is in [[User:Mithridates/SJ]], [[Hai, Jon!]] should be speedy deleted. — [[User:EJPPhilippines|EJPPhilippines]] ([[User talk:EJPPhilippines|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/EJPPhilippines|contribs]]) 01:38, 3 July 2025 (UTC)

::: I've undone the speedy deletion as Caro de Segeda posted a [https://prexins.wordpress.com/2025/07/04/monav/ resource] for Monav. — [[User:EJPPhilippines|EJPPhilippines]] ([[User talk:EJPPhilippines|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/EJPPhilippines|contribs]]) 07:18, 4 July 2025 (UTC)

:::: You can delete all the ones that I have created myself, I have already moved them to other places. — [[User:Caro de Segeda|Caro de Segeda]] ([[User talk:Caro de Segeda|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Caro de Segeda|contribs]]) 12:39, 5 July 2025 (UTC)

{{outdent|::::}}I don't know if this is helpful since it wouldn't apply to most of these, but [[s:mul:]] could hold some of these. — [[User:Arlo Barnes|Arlo Barnes]] ([[User talk:Arlo Barnes|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Arlo Barnes|contribs]]) 09:18, 30 November 2025 (UTC)

: I don't think that would be within the scope of that project. I'm not aware of any other situation where Wikisource publishes translations of texts created on Wikimedia projects - that's usually left up to other language editions of the same project. — [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 05:34, 1 December 2025 (UTC)

:: In this situation there isn't a separate [[s:ie:]] distinct from Multilingual Wikisource (see [[meta:Wikisource#List of Wikisources]]). In fact, there are very few multilingual wikis in the Wikimedia sphere; while this project ''could'' move to a Miraheze-hosted or similar wiki farm location, I think it would be a missed opportunity. I suppose an [[Interlingue]] book could be started in [[shelf:Constructed languages]] which would have all 100 chapters as an appendix (and likewise for the other languages), but that also seems non-ideal since it requires an English-language text that doesn't currently exist to be created. [[WB:AT]] seems to describe a similar situation to this one and prescribe Wikisource as the solution, and [[WB:SOURCE]] mentions fiction as out-of-scope for Wikibooks (even as in this case, language-educational fiction). [[s:mul:Wikisource:about Wikisource]] simply speaks of source texts and doesn't mention publication requirements, so maybe that is specific to some of the monolingual editions? — [[User:Arlo Barnes|Arlo Barnes]] ([[User talk:Arlo Barnes|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Arlo Barnes|contribs]]) 22:28, 5 December 2025 (UTC)

:{{keep}} 100% keep. These books are a core part of language textbooks on Wikibooks and have been for years. Not sure why this is even being debated.--[[User:Xania|Xania]] [[Image:Flag_of_Estonia.svg|15px]]  [[Image:Flag_of_Ukraine.svg|15px]] [[User talk:Xania|&lt;sup&gt;talk&lt;/sup&gt;]] 17:55, 16 May 2026 (UTC)

::With all due respect, some of the books included in this nomination (like [[Sin Chao, Jonathan!]]) are written in constructed languages which are not substantially attested anywhere else. I struggle to imagine any educational purpose for such a book. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 00:12, 17 May 2026 (UTC)

== [[International Baccalaureate]] ==

Not actually a book in and of itself; rather, it is just a compilation of links to other books —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:24, 18 October 2024 (UTC)
: Could this be salvaged as a shelf? [[User:Pppery|Pppery]] ([[User talk:Pppery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Pppery|contribs]]) 05:23, 27 January 2025 (UTC)
::Probably, but are the linked books even useful? IB exams change from year to year - sometimes quite dramatically - so an old exam guide is of very limited value. Many of these books were written 10-15 years ago, and some of them (like [[IB French]]) even have comments indicating that they're no longer applicable. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 02:18, 8 December 2025 (UTC)

== [[Character List for Baxter&amp;Sagart]] ==

Seems completely out of scope as an educational book; it's just a list of characters and outlinks —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:53, 18 October 2024 (UTC)

:Adding [[Character List for Karlgren's GSR]] and [[Character List for Schuessler's CGSR]] for the same reason —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:55, 18 October 2024 (UTC)

:These three books do make a package and I agree they should be considered together. However, I strongly object to deleting them. They are really extremely useful resources. I use them every week and I know that many people who do work on Old Chinese phonology do so. There are lots of books out there that are lists of characters, these are called dictionaries. For example Axel Schuessler's ABC Etymological Dictionary of Old Chinese, or Pulleyblank's Lexicon of Reconstructed Pronunciation in Early Middle Chinese, Late Middle Chinese, and Early Mandarin. I see it as entirely a good thing for reference works of this kind to be available free online rather than only in expensive books in university research libraries. If this is in violation of a Wikibooks policy, I would at least like that policy to be drawn to my attention and to have some constructive comment offered about which Wikiproject such a resource should fall under. I will also say on a personal note that I have put literally hundreds of hours of work into these projects and it would grieve me a lot to see this work simply vanish, in particular when I know that colleagues around the world use these books. --[[User:Tibetologist|Tibetologist]] ([[User talk:Tibetologist|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Tibetologist|contribs]]) 07:27, 1 November 2024 (UTC)
::Hi @[[User:Tibetologist|Tibetologist]], and thank you for the feedback! Official Wikibooks policy does not permit standalone dictionaries (see [[WB:DICT]]), though I understand the argument that it is a useful resource. I am wondering if there might be a home for it at [[Wiktionary:Wiktionary:Welcome, newcomers|Wiktionary]] or [[Wikiversity:Wikiversity:SHARE|Wikiversity]]? Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 12:14, 1 November 2024 (UTC)
:::The policy says to use Wiktionary, but these books cannot be moved there. In fact they link there, you can understand me as having made an index to wiktionary, if you like, where the ORDER of the characters is extremely important, information that would be lost in Wiktionary. 
:::Wikiversity is not a project I participate in, and in any event my books here are older than it, so this option was not available for me at the relevant moment. If you are offering to move my books to Wikiversity, that is very kind of you and I will very graciously accept. [[User:Tibetologist|Tibetologist]] ([[User talk:Tibetologist|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Tibetologist|contribs]]) 14:10, 1 November 2024 (UTC)
::::I have pinged over at Wikiversity Colloquium to ask about suitability and have looped you into the conversation over there. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:20, 1 November 2024 (UTC)
::I concur. I'm just an undergrad who tries to learn about Sino-Tibetan historical linguistics in his free time but I've found this wikibook to be incredibly useful, and I keep it open in one tab while I watch Professor Nathan Hill's lectures that he uploads to youtube in another tab, and another tab for taking notes. In fact if I remember correctly Professor Hill actually pointed his students to this wikibook. 
::I'm not familiar with [[wikiversity:Wikiversity:SHARE|Wikiversity]] but if all the content were as accessible there as it is here then I think that could work.  [[User:ChromeBones|ChromeBones]] ([[User talk:ChromeBones|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/ChromeBones|contribs]]) 02:43, 9 July 2025 (UTC)
:Per [[:v:Wikiversity:Colloquium#Import_Resource_From_Wikibooks?]], I recommend copying and pasting, including attribution via the edit summary and talk page, add appropriate categories and links, and then it could be deleted locally. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 22:32, 3 November 2024 (UTC)

== [[Suomen kieli käyttöön]] ==

Multiple pages in this book are written entirely in Finnish, which is out of the enWB scope. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 00:09, 19 October 2024 (UTC)

:I was going to say whether we should ask any fiwikibooks sysop to maybe see if this could be transwikied to fiwb if it's within the scope there. But [[:fi:Toiminnot:Käyttäjät/sysop]] indicates that there are only 3 sysops, and only {{u|Anr}} and {{u|Zache}} have made edits this ''year''. If they deem it to be salvageable, then transwiki + delete, otherwise straight-up delete. --[[User:SHB2000|SHB2000]] ([[User talk:SHB2000|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/SHB2000|contribs]]) 11:24, 14 November 2024 (UTC)
::It seems that the idea behind the book was for the pages to be bilingual, as it’s a language learning book. That’s why there are Finnish texts included intentionally even on the pages that are complete. There are similar books in dewikibooks and ruwikibooks as well. For the English version, I think the easiest way to proceed would be to clean up and adjust the page layout to fit enwikibooks better, and then translate the missing parts. By the way, if anyone wants to update the book’s name in English, it can be titled ''&quot;Using the Finnish Language&quot;'' or ''&quot;Put Finnish Language into Use&quot;'' for a direct translation.   [[User:Zache|Zache]] ([[User talk:Zache|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Zache|contribs]]) 11:57, 14 November 2024 (UTC)

== [[AT&amp;T Mobility FAQ]] ==

* [[AT&amp;T Mobility FAQ]]
* [[AT&amp;T Mobility FAQ/MEdia Net Configuration]]
* [[AT&amp;T Mobility FAQ/Data Connect Configuration]]
An ''extremely'' outdated FAQ on AT&amp;T's cell phone services. Most of this document was written 20+ years ago as a Usenet FAQ; very little of it is accurate or useful anymore (particularly the two subpages, which have to do with obsolete configurations for &quot;tethering&quot; a computer to a cell phone). No objection if someone wants to update it, but there's clearly been no appetite to do that. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 22:20, 30 December 2024 (UTC)

:I'm wondering if it might make sense for us to develop some kind of policy on archiving books here. There are many like this one that have a good deal of content but are extremely out of date and just not useful as originally intended. ——[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 22:34, 30 December 2024 (UTC)
::@[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]]: See the newly developed [[Wikibooks:Outdated books]]. [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]&lt;sub&gt;[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]&lt;sub&gt;[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/sub&gt; ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 00:16, 31 December 2024 (UTC)
:::Ooh, thanks - something like that seems like it could be an appropriate way to handle this book. A lot of the other outdated books I've tagged have been so incomplete that they wouldn't have been particularly useful even as historical references; this one might at least have some interest.
:::Any chance we can get a separate namespace (maybe &quot;Archive:&quot;) set up for archived book content? That'd make it possible to do things like exclude them from on-site search by default. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 21:07, 31 December 2024 (UTC)
::::I think this might be a more extended discussion, so I'll bump it over to the [[Wikibooks talk:Outdated books|talk page of the draft policy]]! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 21:54, 31 December 2024 (UTC)

== Algebra/Chapter 10/Symmetric Polynomials ==

I personally believe that [[Algebra/Chapter 10/Symmetric Polynomials|this]], and all of the sections should be deleted for the fact that this goes WAY beyond the scope of what was intended for the Chapter (Algebra II level polynomials). [[User:GoreyCat|GoreyCat]] ([[User talk:GoreyCat|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/GoreyCat|contribs]]) 15:07, 6 February 2025 (UTC)

:'''Split''': Deletion here is not the best solution (see [[w:WP:ATD]]). Instead, this page and its subpages should be moved to another book, most likely [[Abstract Algebra]]. [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]&lt;sub&gt;[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]&lt;sub&gt;[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/sub&gt; ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 17:35, 6 February 2025 (UTC)
:{{keep}} since there is a good amount of content. If [[Abstract Algebra]] is appropriate, it seems like a fine idea to move there. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 22:59, 7 February 2025 (UTC)
::Eh, yeah, I supposed moving it is better. I just don't think it's suitable for where it appears. [[User:GoreyCat|GoreyCat]] ([[User talk:GoreyCat|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/GoreyCat|contribs]]) 01:40, 8 February 2025 (UTC)
== [[Puredyne]] ==

Development of Puredyne Linux was discontinued in 2012, and the software no longer appears to be available for download anywhere. (An archive of the web site is still up - with a bunch of embedded spam links - but the download links are all dead.) Is this a suitable candidate for archival (cf. [[Wikibooks:Outdated books]]), or should it just be deleted? [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 04:35, 5 March 2025 (UTC)

:I'd just archive stuff like this. Looks like a decent bit of work went into it, and you never know when someone might need to use Puredyne for some obscure project. I'd be willing to bet mirrors exist of it somewhere, or someone has it on a drive. If you want to find some stuff worth deleting, comb through [[:Category:Allbooks categories]]. [[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] ([[User talk:MediaKyle|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaKyle|contribs]]) 11:30, 5 March 2025 (UTC)

== [[Template:Qr-twwp]] ==
This isn't exactly a request to delete the template, but rather to merge it with {{tlx|Copypaste}}. The {{tlx|Qr-twwp}} template serves the same purpose as {{tlx|Copypaste}}, but without the seven-day period after which the page is deleted. This leads to confusion, as well as a perpetually full [[:Category:Queried pages]]. [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]&lt;sub&gt;[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]&lt;sub&gt;[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/sub&gt; ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 17:37, 30 March 2025 (UTC)

== [[Ghouls of the Miskatonic]] ==

I don't think that a plot summary of a book is in-scope here. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:43, 20 August 2025 (UTC)

:{{vd}} - at least, not a summary of ''this'' book. A summary and/or study guide to a notable work of literature might be in scope, but this is certainly not one. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 21:23, 25 August 2025 (UTC)
::Hi. I am the creator of the pages of this book. If I understand correctly, it has to be a summary of a notable work of literature? So what exactly is defined as such? I only started this as I thought it would be fun, interesting and encouraging to others who read the Arkham Horror novels, and I thought it was permitted as I've seen other summaries of books on wikibooks. [[User:Dayne90|Dayne90]] ([[User talk:Dayne90|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dayne90|contribs]]) 13:27, 26 August 2025 (UTC)
:::Your problem is it is just the plot... it needs to include an educational textual analysis to be in scope [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 12:47, 28 August 2025 (UTC)
::::And ideally it'd be a text which has ''already'' been the subject of literary analysis, such that the analysis on Wikibooks isn't original research. A notable work of literature like ''Frankenstein'' or ''Moby-Dick'' would easily meet that requirement; a tie-in novel for a tabletop RPG probably does not. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 22:08, 29 August 2025 (UTC)

== [[Template:Deleted page]] ==
{{closed|'''Deleted''' per consensus &amp; reasoning. —[[User:Atcovi|Atcovi]] [[User talk:Atcovi|(Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Atcovi|Contribs)]] 11:49, 10 July 2026 (UTC)}}
Per [[Wikibooks:Reading room/Proposals#Retiring Template:Deleted page]], this is because the template is unnecessary given that creation protection (salting) is used instead. I am also proposing the deletion of the following categories used by this template:
* [[:Category:Protected deleted categories]]
* [[:Category:Protected deleted pages]]
Thanks. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#0024FF&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 15:36, 29 January 2026 (UTC)

:This seems premature - [[:Category:Protected deleted pages]] is still in use for pages with generic names. Is there a plan to transition those pages to create protection; if so, can that be implemented before deleting the templates/categories? [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 02:28, 30 January 2026 (UTC)
::JJPMaster proposed that the pages listed in that category should be moved to the [[MediaWiki:Titleblacklist|title blacklist]], and that {{tlx|naming policy notice}} shall be fully protected and used as an interface (title blacklist) message. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#0024FF&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 03:18, 30 January 2026 (UTC)
:::@[[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]]: Have you seen this reply? [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]&lt;sub&gt;[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]&lt;sub&gt;[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/sub&gt; ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 15:28, 11 February 2026 (UTC)
::::I have, but I'm not sure I follow. These templates, and the categories which they populate, are currently in use. Once that's no longer the case, I have no objection to deleting them - but they need to be delinked first. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 00:20, 12 February 2026 (UTC)
:::::I deleted the categories mentioned above, moved all the generic titles to the title blacklist, and for those pages that used {{tlx|Deleted page}}, I deleted then applied creation protection. An uninvolved admin can delete {{tlx|Deleted page}} and then close this request. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#0024FF&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 02:39, 30 March 2026 (UTC)
: Would an uninvolved admin delete the template and close this request? Pinging @[[User:Atcovi|Atcovi]]. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#0024FF&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 01:39, 10 July 2026 (UTC)
{{end closed}}

== [[History of wireless telegraphy and broadcasting in Australia/Topical/Publications/Wireless Weekly/Issues/1928 03 23]] ==
{{closed|No consensus to delete —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:08, 10 July 2026 (UTC)}}
Transcribed from a magazine copy that cannot be traced via the URL provided. Generally archival of primary source works is undertaken on Wikisource (not Wikibooks), backed by a suitable page scan. This isn't at present. [[User:ShakespeareFan00|ShakespeareFan00]] ([[User talk:ShakespeareFan00|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/ShakespeareFan00|contribs]]) 16:32, 27 April 2026 (UTC)

:This doesn't need an RfD since it is obviously out of scope. You can instead put a CSD tag on the page. Additionally, it seems that the entire /Publications section contains only source works here, so it might require a mass deletion. [[User:kingofnuthin|&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia; color: lime&quot;&gt;kingofnuthin&lt;/span&gt;]] ([[User talk:kingofnuthin|&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia; color: teal&quot;&gt;talk&lt;/span&gt;]]) 17:32, 27 April 2026 (UTC)
::@[[User:Samuel.dellit|Samuel.dellit]] looping you in here so you're aware. I don't think any pages like this (i.e. source text) can be kept here, since we are explicitly and unambiguously not a text repository per [[WB:SOURCE]]. I am inclined to speedily delete for that reason, but I want to hear from the primary editor. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:40, 27 April 2026 (UTC)
:::Thanks for looping me in.
:::This is not simply a transcription of the magazine.
:::It includes new formatting to make the content better reachable.
:::It includes commentary to place the transcribed material in context.
:::It permits related material to be placed in chronological order.
:::The version here is not complete (as per banner included), hence the URL link not working (National Library of Australia's Trove has been updated).
:::There is no point in placing this material on Wikisource as the Trove website is functionally similar and now provides for text correction (a fairly recent development).
:::I have not be editing Wikibooks for the last six month's following a personal matter but now slowly returning to the task.
:::[[User:Samuel.dellit|Samuel.dellit]] ([[User talk:Samuel.dellit|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Samuel.dellit|contribs]]) 19:08, 27 April 2026 (UTC)
::::I'm still not sure whether this makes it in-scope at Wikibooks and suitable for the book-like scope of this work, so I'm looping in other admins to weigh in on scope and consensus @[[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]] @[[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] @[[User:JJPMaster|JJPMaster]] @[[User:SHB2000|SHB2000]]. For material that is planned but not yet enacted after a significant period, I'm wondering if user space is more suitable than main space.  —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 19:48, 3 May 2026 (UTC)
:::::This is just one page of a book, right? It's not like the entire wikibook is a transcription. I'm inclined to keep it unless there is something I am missing. &quot;For material that is planned but not yet enacted after a significant period&quot; - that's a draft and can generally stay in article space. [[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]] ([[User talk:Leaderboard|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Leaderboard|contribs]]) 05:09, 4 May 2026 (UTC)
::::::My thoughts are similar to Leaderboard's. --[[User:SHB2000|SHB2000]] ([[User talk:SHB2000|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/SHB2000|contribs]]) 05:47, 4 May 2026 (UTC)
::::::@[[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]] @[[User:SHB2000|SHB2000]] Thank you, and good to know. Unless I am misunderstanding, the plan is actually to host many source texts in this book's namespace (see other subpages in [[History of wireless telegraphy and broadcasting in Australia/Topical/Publications]]) and not limited to this one page. Additionally, do we have anything in policy regarding how long drafts can stay in mainspace? I couldn't find anything, and it strikes me as unconstructive to the project if pages with significant issues (e.g. scope, quality, etc) are left in the mainspace for months to years. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 19:15, 4 May 2026 (UTC)
:::::::@[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] Thank you for your considered responses, the following is provided as background summary. 
:::::::(1) I should mention that all of these pages were speedily deleted six months ago on the basis of breach of copyright, despite the fact that they are in the public domain (yes I was remiss in not making this clear in the relevant discussion pages, and yes I was aware of the need for copyright explanation, but was overly focussed on content creation). I was hit by about 20 simultaneous speedily delete notifications, responded to 2 or 3 thinking that would be sufficient, but later found they had all been deleted (I was not active on Wikibooks at the time). My intention is to provide clear public domain information for each page in the coming months, but I am only one person and need time to give effect. Copyright worldwide is quite complex.
:::::::(2) I was hit by this RfD about 2 weeks ago, nominally a single subpage, but with the threat of dozens of subpages being similarly treated. This time the basis of the RfD was breach of the &quot;Not a text repository&quot; policy, of which I was not previously aware. I see in the policy that there is a clear exception for annotated texts and I will further develop content in support of that exception (you will see that is my general practice in any event). There are literally hundreds of articles in this Wikibook already heavily annotated, simply on the basis of good authorship e.g.
:::::::https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/History_of_wireless_telegraphy_and_broadcasting_in_Australia/Topical/Biographies/Clement_Edgar_Ames/Notes
:::::::https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/History_of_wireless_telegraphy_and_broadcasting_in_Australia/Topical/Stations/7BU_Burnie/Notes
:::::::But, again, I am only one person and need time to give effect. [[User:Samuel.dellit|Samuel.dellit]] ([[User talk:Samuel.dellit|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Samuel.dellit|contribs]]) 19:59, 4 May 2026 (UTC)
:::::::@[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] As far as I can see, isn't the goal to annotate most of those pages? And there is no set limit for a draft. The main reason we'd delete a draft is if the book ''itself'' has nothing of value, which is not the case here. [[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]] ([[User talk:Leaderboard|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Leaderboard|contribs]]) 04:49, 5 May 2026 (UTC)
::::::::Got it, thank you! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 00:06, 6 May 2026 (UTC)
: As an admin who was involved in deleting this (and related subpages) and ''only'' undeleting it later per the author's request, I therefore '''recuse''' (will not do) on taking any administrative actions for this request. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#0024FF&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 17:33, 27 April 2026 (UTC)
:{{vd}} - including other similar pages - per nom. Transcriptions of previously published works, like these magazines, belong on Wikisource. I don't see any evidence of substantial commentary in any of the pages I've looked at. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 17:47, 28 April 2026 (UTC)
::Additionally, I'd note that creating content like [[History of wireless telegraphy and broadcasting in Australia/Editing/Fair dealing]] or [[History of wireless telegraphy and broadcasting in Australia/Editing/Not a text repository]] is not helpful. This sort of argumentative content clearly does not belong in a book. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 02:14, 9 May 2026 (UTC)
:{{keep}} - including other similar pages - annotated texts WB:AT are a clear exception to Wikibooks &quot;Not a text repository&quot; policy; these are subpages of a very large body of work (I understand the largest Wikibook in Wikibooks) and integral to its overall development; yes, the pages are a work in progress and the annotations are as yet limited, but I will now prioritise their development[[User:Samuel.dellit|Samuel.dellit]] ([[User talk:Samuel.dellit|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Samuel.dellit|contribs]]) 19:28, 3 May 2026 (UTC)
:{{keep}}. Annotated texts are an exception and while there can be a debate about how much annotation is enough, at the moment I think we should accept the primary editor's position in respect of their intent. [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 13:58, 5 May 2026 (UTC)
: {{keep}} per above. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#0024FF&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 23:07, 19 May 2026 (UTC)
: @[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] Please consider closing this RFD discussion. This was running for more than one month (I believe) and as I can tell there is probably no consensus to delete. Thank you. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#0024FF&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 01:30, 10 July 2026 (UTC)
{{end closed}}

== [[History Books]] ==
Minimal existing content is editorialized, book scope unclear, no sourcing —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:47, 27 April 2026 (UTC)

:{{comment}} - there is one unlinked subpage of this book, [[History Books/Who Was Alexander the Great/Introduction]]. I'm not impressed by the content (it's basically historical fiction written for a young child), but it's not hopeless. I'd encourage the author to create an account to allow us to communicate with them. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 18:34, 28 April 2026 (UTC)
::If it is really aimed at children, shouldn't it be moved to the Wikijunior: namespace? [[User:kingofnuthin|&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia; color: lime&quot;&gt;kingofnuthin&lt;/span&gt;]] ([[User talk:kingofnuthin|&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia; color: teal&quot;&gt;talk&lt;/span&gt;]]) 18:55, 28 April 2026 (UTC)
: @[[User:Kingofnuthin|Kingofnuthin]] and @[[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]]: I am unsure whethere there is consensus to either keep or move–I am not seeing any bolded votes, and there is not much participation here. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#0024FF&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 01:34, 10 July 2026 (UTC)

== [[Objective Projection: Why the Brain Never Forgets Some Stories]] ==

Undisclosed AI-generated content. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 02:13, 9 May 2026 (UTC)

:&lt;nowiki&gt;'''Keep'''&lt;/nowiki&gt; — Comment from page author/subject expert.
:I am Levent Bulut, the originator of the &lt;nowiki&gt;''&lt;/nowiki&gt;Objective Projection&lt;nowiki&gt;''&lt;/nowiki&gt; methodology described in this book (ORCID: 0009-0007-7500-2261, Wikidata: Q138048287). I want to address the AI-generated content concern directly and transparently.
:&lt;nowiki&gt;'''&lt;/nowiki&gt;On the content itself:&lt;nowiki&gt;'''&lt;/nowiki&gt; The methodology, theoretical framework (the six-variable operator E(r) = projS(M, T, V, Δ, Ω, Ng), the Six Golden Rules, the Six-Layer Framework), and all original arguments are my own intellectual work, developed and published independently. This is documented through:
:* 26 DOI-registered academic publications on Zenodo (search: &quot;Levent Bulut Objective Projection&quot;)
:* A peer-reviewed submission currently under review at &lt;nowiki&gt;''&lt;/nowiki&gt;Digital Humanities Quarterly&lt;nowiki&gt;''&lt;/nowiki&gt;
:* Parallel Turkish-language Wikibook and Wikiversity pages on the same methodology
:* An open-source SFT dataset on Hugging Face (leventbulut/objective-projection)
:&lt;nowiki&gt;'''&lt;/nowiki&gt;On AI assistance:&lt;nowiki&gt;'''&lt;/nowiki&gt; I used AI tools (Claude) for English translation polish and copy-editing from my Turkish source materials — the same way a non-native English-speaking academic would use a human translator or editor. The &lt;nowiki&gt;''&lt;/nowiki&gt;ideas, structure, terminology, citations, and arguments&lt;nowiki&gt;''&lt;/nowiki&gt; are entirely my own and pre-date the Wikibooks version, traceable through Zenodo DOI timestamps starting in 2025.
:&lt;nowiki&gt;'''&lt;/nowiki&gt;Proposed remedy instead of deletion:&lt;nowiki&gt;'''&lt;/nowiki&gt; I am happy to:
:# Add a clear AI-assistance disclosure to the book's preface, per Wikibooks transparency norms
:# Add inline citations to the underlying DOI-registered publications for every major claim
:# Link to the parallel Turkish version and academic record
:This would address the &lt;nowiki&gt;''&lt;/nowiki&gt;undisclosed&lt;nowiki&gt;''&lt;/nowiki&gt; part of the concern (which is the actionable policy issue) while preserving content that is original academic work by an identifiable author with a published track record. Deletion of original scholarship because translation assistance was used would set a concerning precedent for non-native English contributors.
:&lt;nowiki&gt;I request a few days to add the disclosure and citations before any deletion action. ~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt; [[Special:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-28847-60|&amp;#126;2026-28847-60]] ([[User talk:&amp;#126;2026-28847-60|talk]]) 18:46, 13 May 2026 (UTC)
::Administrative assistance needed: Automated filters blocking structural improvements and disclosures
::'''Request for Help''' — I am Levent Bulut, the author of this book. I have already provided my AI disclosure and academic credentials (ORCID, DOI list) here in this discussion.
::I am trying to update the book to comply with Wikibooks standards by:
::Adding a formal '''AI assistance disclosure''' at the top of the page.
::Restructuring the content into an '''instructional textbook format''' (adding Learning Objectives).
::Converting plain text formulas into '''LaTeX''' ( format).
::Updating references to include full academic '''DOI''' records.
::However, the automated filter is blocking all my attempts:
::If I try to replace the content with the improved version, it triggers the '''&quot;large amount of content removal&quot;''' filter.
::If I try to add specific academic links, it triggers the '''&quot;automated link/spam&quot;''' filter.
::I am essentially trapped by the filters while trying to improve the book and follow transparency norms. Could an administrator please either whitelist my account or manually apply the improved version of the text? I am ready to provide the full MediaWiki code here if requested. My intent is purely constructive and academic. [[Special:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-28847-60|&amp;#126;2026-28847-60]] ([[User talk:&amp;#126;2026-28847-60|talk]]) 19:15, 13 May 2026 (UTC)
::: Hi, @[[User:~2026-28847-60|~2026-28847-60]]. Your account was incorrectly locked by a steward. It is now currently unlocked. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#0024FF&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 17:44, 15 May 2026 (UTC)
:::: Pinging @[[User:Projection Architect|Projection Architect]], who was previously LeventBulut. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#0024FF&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 15:51, 4 July 2026 (UTC)
::Please review [[Wikibooks:Artificial intelligence]]. It states unequivocally that {{tq|LLMs may not be used to generate or summarize material and ideas at Wikibooks}}, and that {{tq|translations made by LLMs are not allowed on Wikibooks}}. The fact that you did not disclose your usage of AI is part of the problem, but disclosing it does not make it allowable either.
::More broadly, based on what you've said above, the content of this book is a reflection of your personal theories on writing. This is essentially [[Wikibooks:Original research]] and is not permitted. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 22:36, 13 May 2026 (UTC)

== [[Guide to Tor hidden services and elements of the Tor network]] ==

This book was created in 2014 with some odd history, but never really progressed beyond a preface and [[Guide to Tor hidden services and elements of the Tor network/Chapter 3: Darknet markets in theory and practice|a single subpage]]. As a result of [https://blog.torproject.org/v2-deprecation-timeline/ changes to the Tor network] made in 2020-2021, all of the .onion links in this book are dead; there's nothing usable left here. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 08:54, 4 July 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>59ilitygvlug6tvozgfkf2y3p9b3613</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Turkish/Greetings</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>39877</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4653396</id>
      <parentid>4571382</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-09T13:07:37Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Freddy Ayoub</username>
        <id>3613020</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>/* Grammar notes for beginners */</comment>
      <origin>4653396</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="6266" sha1="54kdnekfhflaqyvje8ut9j3zcaic71o" xml:space="preserve">&lt;noinclude&gt;{{nav}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;
{{tr/word|Merhaba!|Hello!}} {{tr/word|İlk|first}} {{tr/word|dersinize|to-your-lesson}} {{tr/word|hoşgeldiniz!|welcome (formal)}}.

== Grammar notes for beginners ==

* I - '''ben''' /{{IPA|ben}}/
* we - biz /{{IPA|biz}}/ 
* you (singular) - '''sen''' /{{IPA|sen}}/
* you (plural and formal) - '''siz''' /{{IPA|siz}}/
* he/she/it - '''o''' /{{IPA|o}}/
* they/them - onlar /{{IPA|onɫɑɾ}}/

In Turkish, like in many other languages, when you're talking to someone you've never met before, rarely ever talk to or of great importance, you refer to them in the plural form (siz). As you can see in the conversation, rather than referring to each other as ''sen'' (you [singular]), they refer to each other as ''siz'' (you [plural]). Do not get frightened, this formality is not as complex as in Japanese!

And unlike many other languages, there is no [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatical_gender grammatical gender] in Turkish. So there is no distinction between he, she and it. There's only ''o''. And like in Arabic and Russian, there are no words like &quot;am/is/are&quot; and &quot;the&quot;, and no need for them.

== Greeting (Selamlaşma /{{IPA|selɑmɫɑʃmɑ}}/) ==

Saying hello is a little bit more complex in Turkish, for there is more than one way of saying hello.

* Hello! - '''[[Media:Merhaba.ogg|Merhaba]]!''' /{{IPA|meɾhɑbɑ}}/ (may be formal or informal)
* Hello/Hi! - '''[[Media:Selam.ogg|Selam]]!''' /{{IPA|selɑm}}/ (informal)

* How are you? - '''Nasılsınız?''' /{{IPA|nɑsɯɫsɯnɯz}}/ (formal singular or plural)
* How are you? -  '''Nasılsın?''' /{{IPA|nɑsɯɫsɯn}}/ (informal singular)
* How's it going? - '''[[Media:Nasıl gidiyor.ogg|Nasıl gidiyor]]'''? /{{IPA|nɑsɯɫ ɟidijoɾ}}/ (informal singular)
* What's up? - '''Ne var, ne yok?''' /{{IPA|ne vɑɾ ne jok}}/ 
* What's up? - '''Ne haber?''' (often pronounced like '''Naber?''') (lit. what's the news?, very informal)
* I'm fine. - '''İyiyim.''' /{{IPA|ijijim}}/
* Me too... - '''Ben de...''' /{{IPA|ben de}}/
* Good/fine - '''İyi''' /{{IPA|iji}}/
* And you? - '''Ya sen?''' /{{IPA|jɑ sen}}/ (informal)
* And you? - '''Ya siz?''' /{{IPA|jɑ siz}}/ (formal or plural)

'''Note''': &quot;''Ya''&quot; means &quot;or&quot; or &quot;what/how about&quot;, not &quot;and&quot;. &quot;And&quot; is &quot;''ve''&quot; (/{{IPA|ve}}/).

This is an invariable greeting ritual. Turks are pleased when foreigners make an effort to learn and participate in it.
 
* Good morning. - '''[[Media:Günaydın.ogg|Günaydın]].''' /{{IPA|ɟynɑɪdɯn}}/
* Have a nice day. - '''İyi günler.''' /{{IPA|iji ɟynleɾ}}/ (lit. Good days)
* Good evening. - '''[[Media:İyi akşamlar.ogg|İyi akşamlar]]''' /{{IPA|iji ɑkʃɑmɫɑɾ}}/
* Good night. - '''[[Media:İyi geceler.ogg|İyi geceler]].''' /{{IPA|iji ɟedʒeleɾ}}/

== Meeting (Tanışma /{{IPA|tɑnɯʃmɑ}}/) ==

* What's your name? - '''Adın ne?''' /{{IPA|ɑdɯn ne}}/ (informal)
* What's your name? - '''Adınız ne?''' /{{IPA|ɑdɯnɯz ne}}/ (formal or plural)
* My name is... - '''Adım ...''' /{{IPA|ɑdɯm}}/
* Name - '''Ad''' /{{IPA|ɑd}}/
* Surname - '''Soyadı''' /{{IPA|sojɑdɯ}}/
* Nice to meet you. - '''Tanıştığımıza memnun oldum.''' /{{IPA|memnun oɫdum}}/ (lit. I'm pleased to meet you)

Turkish honorifics come after the first name, unlike English Mr and Mrs. They are often translated as {{tr/word|Bay|Mr}} (/{{IPA|bɑɪ}}/) and {{tr/word|Bayan|Mrs}} (/{{IPA|bɑjɑn}}/). Examples; Bay Smith, Bayan Jenkins

* Bey /{{IPA|beɪ}}/ (for men)
* Hanım /{{IPA|hɑnɯm}}/ (for women)

Examples; Burcu Hanım, Ahmet Bey (Burcu and Ahmet are first names, not surnames)

== Thanking (Teşekkür etme /{{IPA|teʃec:yɾ etme}}/) ==

Several ways of saying thank you.

* Thank you - '''Teşekkür ederim'''
* Thank you - '''[[Media:Teşekkürler.ogg|teşekkürler]]'''
* Thanks - '''Sağ ol''' (informal, singular)
* Thanks - '''Sağ olun''' (informal, plural)
* You're welcome - Bir şey değil (lit. it's not a thing)
* You're welcome - Önemli değil (lit. it's not important)

== Saying goodbye (Vedalaşma /{{IPA|vedɑɫɑʃmɑ}}/) ==

Like in hello and thank you, there are more than one way of saying goodbye, but this time depending on situation. For this rules are a bit complex, some people may use English '''bye bye''' as a way of valediction. But it should not be used in formal situations, and you still have to learn Turkish ways of saying goodbye.

* Goodbye. - '''Güle güle''' /{{IPA|ɟyle ɟyle}}/ (said by the remaining person to the leaving person) 
* Goodbye. - '''Hoşçakal''' /{{IPA|hoʃtʃɑkɑɫ}}/ (informal, said by the leaving person to the remaining person)
* Goodbye - '''Hoşçakalın''' /{{IPA|hoʃtʃɑkɑɫɯn}}/ (formal, said by the leaving person to the remaining person)

* See you (later). -'''(Sonra) Görüşürüz''' /{{IPA|ɟøɾyʃyɾyz}}/
* See you later. -'''Görüşmek üzere''' /{{IPA|ɟøɾyʃmec yzeɾe}}/

If you have to specify later meeting time, say the meeting time before &quot;görüşürüz&quot;. For example; {{tr/word|Yarın görüşürüz|See you tomorrow}}, {{tr/word|Pazartesi görüşürüz|See you on Monday}}

== Example (Örnek /{{IPA|øɾnec}}/) ==

'''Şevki''': {{tr/word|Merhaba! Adım Şevki.|Hello! My name is Şevki.}}
 
'''Ayşe''': {{tr/word|Selam Şevki! Ben Ayşe.|Hi, Şevki! I'm Ayşe.}}

'''Şevki''': {{tr/word|Nasılsınız, Ayşe Hanım?|How are you, Mrs. Ayşe}}

'''Ayşe''': {{tr/word|İyiyim, siz nasılsınız?|I'm fine, how are you?}}

'''Şevki''': {{tr/word|Ben de iyiyim, teşekkürler.|I'm fine too, thanks.}}

'''Ayşe''': {{tr/word|Tanıştığımıza memnun oldum.| Nice to meet you.}}

'''Şevki''': {{tr/word|Ben de.|Me too.}}

'''Ayşe''': {{tr/word|Hoşçakalın!|Goodbye!}}

'''Şevki''': {{tr/word|Güle güle! Yarın görüşürüz.|Goodbye! See you tomorrow.}}

== Exercises (Egzersizler /{{IPA|eɟzeɾˈsizleɾ}}/) ==

Exercising a language is an important part of learning it. Let's strengthen our Turkish with some exercises.

'''Translate the following into Turkish:'''

- Hello. I'm Anıl. And you?

- Hello, Anıl. I'm Gökhan. How are you?

- I'm fine, thanks.

- Good night.

'''Answer:'''

- Merhaba. Ben Anıl. Ya sen/siz?

- Merhaba, Anıl. Ben Gökhan. Nasılsın(ız)?

- İyiyim, teşekkürler.

- İyi geceler.


{{Turkish/TOC}}

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{{tr/word|Merhaba!|Hello!}} {{tr/word|İlk|first}} {{tr/word|dersinize|to-your-lesson}} {{tr/word|hoşgeldiniz!|welcome (formal)}}.

== Grammar notes for beginners ==

* I - '''ben''' /{{IPA|ben}}/
* we - biz /{{IPA|biz}}/ 
* you (singular) - '''sen''' /{{IPA|sen}}/
* you (plural and formal) - '''siz''' /{{IPA|siz}}/
* he/she/it - '''o''' /{{IPA|o}}/
* they/them - onlar /{{IPA|onɫɑɾ}}/

In Turkish, like in many other languages, when you're talking to someone you've never met before, rarely ever talk to or of great importance, you refer to them in the plural form (siz). As you can see in the conversation, rather than referring to each other as ''sen'' (you [singular]), they refer to each other as ''siz'' (you [plural]). Do not get frightened, this formality is not as complex as in Japanese!

And unlike many other languages, there is no [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatical_gender grammatical gender] in Turkish. So there is no distinction between he, she and it. There's only ''o''. And like in Russian, there are no words like &quot;am/is/are&quot; and &quot;the&quot;, and no need for them.

== Greeting (Selamlaşma /{{IPA|selɑmɫɑʃmɑ}}/) ==

Saying hello is a little bit more complex in Turkish, for there is more than one way of saying hello.

* Hello! - '''[[Media:Merhaba.ogg|Merhaba]]!''' /{{IPA|meɾhɑbɑ}}/ (may be formal or informal)
* Hello/Hi! - '''[[Media:Selam.ogg|Selam]]!''' /{{IPA|selɑm}}/ (informal)

* How are you? - '''Nasılsınız?''' /{{IPA|nɑsɯɫsɯnɯz}}/ (formal singular or plural)
* How are you? -  '''Nasılsın?''' /{{IPA|nɑsɯɫsɯn}}/ (informal singular)
* How's it going? - '''[[Media:Nasıl gidiyor.ogg|Nasıl gidiyor]]'''? /{{IPA|nɑsɯɫ ɟidijoɾ}}/ (informal singular)
* What's up? - '''Ne var, ne yok?''' /{{IPA|ne vɑɾ ne jok}}/ 
* What's up? - '''Ne haber?''' (often pronounced like '''Naber?''') (lit. what's the news?, very informal)
* I'm fine. - '''İyiyim.''' /{{IPA|ijijim}}/
* Me too... - '''Ben de...''' /{{IPA|ben de}}/
* Good/fine - '''İyi''' /{{IPA|iji}}/
* And you? - '''Ya sen?''' /{{IPA|jɑ sen}}/ (informal)
* And you? - '''Ya siz?''' /{{IPA|jɑ siz}}/ (formal or plural)

'''Note''': &quot;''Ya''&quot; means &quot;or&quot; or &quot;what/how about&quot;, not &quot;and&quot;. &quot;And&quot; is &quot;''ve''&quot; (/{{IPA|ve}}/).

This is an invariable greeting ritual. Turks are pleased when foreigners make an effort to learn and participate in it.
 
* Good morning. - '''[[Media:Günaydın.ogg|Günaydın]].''' /{{IPA|ɟynɑɪdɯn}}/
* Have a nice day. - '''İyi günler.''' /{{IPA|iji ɟynleɾ}}/ (lit. Good days)
* Good evening. - '''[[Media:İyi akşamlar.ogg|İyi akşamlar]]''' /{{IPA|iji ɑkʃɑmɫɑɾ}}/
* Good night. - '''[[Media:İyi geceler.ogg|İyi geceler]].''' /{{IPA|iji ɟedʒeleɾ}}/

== Meeting (Tanışma /{{IPA|tɑnɯʃmɑ}}/) ==

* What's your name? - '''Adın ne?''' /{{IPA|ɑdɯn ne}}/ (informal)
* What's your name? - '''Adınız ne?''' /{{IPA|ɑdɯnɯz ne}}/ (formal or plural)
* My name is... - '''Adım ...''' /{{IPA|ɑdɯm}}/
* Name - '''Ad''' /{{IPA|ɑd}}/
* Surname - '''Soyadı''' /{{IPA|sojɑdɯ}}/
* Nice to meet you. - '''Tanıştığımıza memnun oldum.''' /{{IPA|memnun oɫdum}}/ (lit. I'm pleased to meet you)

Turkish honorifics come after the first name, unlike English Mr and Mrs. They are often translated as {{tr/word|Bay|Mr}} (/{{IPA|bɑɪ}}/) and {{tr/word|Bayan|Mrs}} (/{{IPA|bɑjɑn}}/). Examples; Bay Smith, Bayan Jenkins

* Bey /{{IPA|beɪ}}/ (for men)
* Hanım /{{IPA|hɑnɯm}}/ (for women)

Examples; Burcu Hanım, Ahmet Bey (Burcu and Ahmet are first names, not surnames)

== Thanking (Teşekkür etme /{{IPA|teʃec:yɾ etme}}/) ==

Several ways of saying thank you.

* Thank you - '''Teşekkür ederim'''
* Thank you - '''[[Media:Teşekkürler.ogg|teşekkürler]]'''
* Thanks - '''Sağ ol''' (informal, singular)
* Thanks - '''Sağ olun''' (informal, plural)
* You're welcome - Bir şey değil (lit. it's not a thing)
* You're welcome - Önemli değil (lit. it's not important)

== Saying goodbye (Vedalaşma /{{IPA|vedɑɫɑʃmɑ}}/) ==

Like in hello and thank you, there are more than one way of saying goodbye, but this time depending on situation. For this rules are a bit complex, some people may use English '''bye bye''' as a way of valediction. But it should not be used in formal situations, and you still have to learn Turkish ways of saying goodbye.

* Goodbye. - '''Güle güle''' /{{IPA|ɟyle ɟyle}}/ (said by the remaining person to the leaving person) 
* Goodbye. - '''Hoşçakal''' /{{IPA|hoʃtʃɑkɑɫ}}/ (informal, said by the leaving person to the remaining person)
* Goodbye - '''Hoşçakalın''' /{{IPA|hoʃtʃɑkɑɫɯn}}/ (formal, said by the leaving person to the remaining person)

* See you (later). -'''(Sonra) Görüşürüz''' /{{IPA|ɟøɾyʃyɾyz}}/
* See you later. -'''Görüşmek üzere''' /{{IPA|ɟøɾyʃmec yzeɾe}}/

If you have to specify later meeting time, say the meeting time before &quot;görüşürüz&quot;. For example; {{tr/word|Yarın görüşürüz|See you tomorrow}}, {{tr/word|Pazartesi görüşürüz|See you on Monday}}

== Example (Örnek /{{IPA|øɾnec}}/) ==

'''Şevki''': {{tr/word|Merhaba! Adım Şevki.|Hello! My name is Şevki.}}
 
'''Ayşe''': {{tr/word|Selam Şevki! Ben Ayşe.|Hi, Şevki! I'm Ayşe.}}

'''Şevki''': {{tr/word|Nasılsınız, Ayşe Hanım?|How are you, Mrs. Ayşe}}

'''Ayşe''': {{tr/word|İyiyim, siz nasılsınız?|I'm fine, how are you?}}

'''Şevki''': {{tr/word|Ben de iyiyim, teşekkürler.|I'm fine too, thanks.}}

'''Ayşe''': {{tr/word|Tanıştığımıza memnun oldum.| Nice to meet you.}}

'''Şevki''': {{tr/word|Ben de.|Me too.}}

'''Ayşe''': {{tr/word|Hoşçakalın!|Goodbye!}}

'''Şevki''': {{tr/word|Güle güle! Yarın görüşürüz.|Goodbye! See you tomorrow.}}

== Exercises (Egzersizler /{{IPA|eɟzeɾˈsizleɾ}}/) ==

Exercising a language is an important part of learning it. Let's strengthen our Turkish with some exercises.

'''Translate the following into Turkish:'''

- Hello. I'm Anıl. And you?

- Hello, Anıl. I'm Gökhan. How are you?

- I'm fine, thanks.

- Good night.

'''Answer:'''

- Merhaba. Ben Anıl. Ya sen/siz?

- Merhaba, Anıl. Ben Gökhan. Nasılsın(ız)?

- İyiyim, teşekkürler.

- İyi geceler.


{{Turkish/TOC}}

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      <text bytes="15078" sha1="gmjy94fpvicmk1etgwpb0nbxmglw5a1" xml:space="preserve">{{Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Character|
name=Bartemius Crouch Junior|
gender=Male|
hair=Straw colored|
eyes=Unknown|
family=Father [[Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Characters/Bartemius Crouch Sr.|Bartemius Crouch Sr.]], Mother Mrs. Crouch|
loyalty=[[Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Characters/Lord Voldemort|Lord Voldemort]]
}}

== Overview ==
'''''Bartemius (Barty) Crouch Jr.''''' is the son of [[Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Magic/Ministry of Magic|Ministry of Magic]] employee [[Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Characters/Bartemius Crouch Sr.|Bartemius Crouch Sr.]], and one of a group of four convicted for the torture of [[Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Characters/Frank Longbottom|Frank]] and [[Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Characters/Alice Longbottom|Alice Longbottom]].

== Role In The Books ==

{{Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Beginner Spoiler}}

=== [[Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Books/Goblet of Fire|Goblet of Fire]] ===

'''Note''': Events in this subsection appear in a different order than they appear in the book. Much of what is mentioned here actually is only revealed in the closing chapters of the book, and some events actually occur well before the beginning of the book, but are revealed during the course of this year.

Shortly after [[Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Characters/Lord Voldemort|Lord Voldemort]]'s disappearance, '''''Bartemius Crouch Jr.''''' and three other young [[Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Major Events/Death Eaters|Death Eaters]] ([[Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Characters/Bellatrix Lestrange|Bellatrix Lestrange]], and brothers [[Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Characters/Rodolphus Lestrange|Rodolphus]] and [[Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Characters/Rabastan Lestrange|Rabastan Lestrange]]) captured and tortured [[Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Magic/Auror|Aurors]] [[Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Characters/Frank Longbottom|Frank]] and [[Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Characters/Alice Longbottom|Alice Longbottom]], using [[Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Magic/Crucio|the Cruciatus Curse]] on them until the two completely lost their minds. It is believed that their intent was to find out what the Aurors had done with Lord Voldemort so that they could bring him back.

[[Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Characters/Harry Potter|Harry Potter]] first hears about Barty Crouch's sentencing and removal to [[Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Places/Azkaban|Azkaban]] at [[Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Characters/Bartemius Crouch Sr.|Bartemius Crouch Sr.]]'s orders, from [[Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Characters/Sirius Black|Sirius Black]], and later observes that trial and sentencing in [[Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Characters/Albus Dumbledore|Albus Dumbledore]]'s [[Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Magic/Pensieve|Pensieve]].

Barty Crouch's escape from Azkaban was engineered by his father, Bartemius Crouch Sr., presumably acting at the request of his wife. Barty's escape remained undiscovered because Bartemius' wife took his place, very quickly dying in Azkaban from a pre-existing condition, and being buried there. Though Bartemius had freed his son from Azkaban at his wife's request, he clearly did not trust Barty, and kept his son controlled by means of the [[Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Magic/Imperio|Imperius curse]], and the actions of the Crouch [[Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Magic/House Elf|house-elf]], [[Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Characters/Winky|Winky]]. During this stretch of in-home incarceration, we learn later, [[Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Characters/Bertha Jorkins|Bertha Jorkins]] had dropped in unannounced, and had learned that Barty was alive and in Bartemius' house; Bartemius had been forced to [[Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Magic/Obliviate|alter her memory]], an action which apparently had deep-seated and permanent effects on her mental abilities.

Over the years, Bartemius' control over his son slackened, to the point that at the [[Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Major Events/Quidditch World Cup|Quidditch World Cup]] he was able to escape control completely, albeit briefly. He conjured the [[Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Magic/Morsmordre|Dark Mark]] during the riot following the Cup, and then had been [[Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Magic/Stupefy|Stunned]] by [[Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Magic/Ministry of Magic|Ministry]] wizards investigating its appearance. While the Ministry wizards did not find him, as he was concealed under his own [[Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Magic/Invisibility Cloak|Invisibility Cloak]], they did find Winky; from this, his father knew Barty was there and was able to locate him. Bartemius returned him to the family home and placed him under the Imperius curse again. Lord Voldemort, meanwhile, had apparently learned of Barty's continuing existence and relative freedom through his questioning of Bertha Jorkins. Voldemort and [[Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Characters/Peter Pettigrew|Wormtail]] then attacked Bartemius and placed him under the Imperius curse; with Wormtail's help, Barty stunned and then impersonated [[Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Characters/Alastor Moody|Alastor Moody]] throughout Harry's fourth school year. 

Because of the impersonation, Crouch was basically living a double life through his time at Hogwarts. The public face of his career during that year, as it mimics the real Alastor Moody well enough to fool even Albus Dumbledore, is largely covered under the topic [[Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Characters/Alastor Moody|Alastor Moody]]. However, his private actions are covered here: the following events, that were not initially attributed to Moody, were actually caused by Barty Crouch.

*Barty apparently Charmed the [[Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Magic/Goblet of Fire|Goblet of Fire]] such that it acted as though there were four schools competing in the [[Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Major Events/Triwizard Tournament|Triwizard Tournament]], rather than three; he then placed Harry's name in the Goblet as the sole competitor in this fourth school, thus forcing the Goblet to select Harry as a Champion. We note that Barty, as Moody, did suggest this chain of occurrences, probably knowing that his theory would be discounted because of Moody's well-known paranoia.
*During this time, Voldemort had Bartemius Crouch Sr. controlled by the Imperius Curse. With Barty's assistance and advice, Bartemius interpreted the Triwizard Tournament rulebook in such a way as to make it seem that Harry was required to compete in the Tournament.
** Bartemius Crouch Sr. did manage to break free much later in the year, and made his way to Hogwarts; but was there discovered and killed by Barty Crouch Jr., and his body hidden.
*To replenish his stocks of [[Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Magic/Polyjuice Potion|Polyjuice Potion]], Barty broke into [[Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Characters/Severus Snape|Severus Snape]]'s office to steal potion ingredients. He was observed by Harry using the [[Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Magic/Marauder's Map|Marauder's Map]], but due to the similarity of names, Harry thought that the intruder was Bartemius.
*Barty, acting as Professor Moody, provided assistance to Harry in the various quests:
**directly suggesting summoning a broom to fly past the dragon in the First Task;
**suggesting to [[Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Characters/Cedric Diggory|Cedric Diggory]] that he should open his Golden Egg underwater, knowing that Cedric's sense of justice would result in Cedric passing this information to Harry;
**loaning [[Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Characters/Neville Longbottom|Neville Longbottom]] a book that described [[Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Magic/Gillyweed|Gillyweed]] in the expectation that Neville would mention to Harry that he needed to figure out a way to survive underwater;
**when that failed, mentioning Gillyweed in front of [[Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Characters/Dobby|Dobby]] so that Dobby would provide a method for Harry to win the Second Task; 
**using the Imperius curse again to control and eliminate Harry's opponents in the Third Task.

Finally, captured by Dumbledore, he reverts to his actual shape when his dose of Polyjuice potion wears off. Having been dosed with [[Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Magic/Veritaserum|Veritaserum]], he then reveals all that he had done. Dumbledore summons [[Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Characters/Cornelius Fudge|Cornelius Fudge]] in order that a Ministry representative may hear this confession. Fudge brings a [[Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Magic/Dementor|Dementor]] with him &quot;for protection,&quot; and the Dementor immediately performs the Kiss, effectively removing Barty's soul, before he can repeat his confession to Fudge. Crouch Jr. then lives the rest of his life without his memories or sense of self.

== Strengths ==

Barty is apparently an accomplished wizard. He was able to subdue Alastor Moody and impersonate him for several months. He was also capable of creating a [[Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Magic/Confundo|Confundus Charm]] powerful enough to fool the Goblet of Fire. Bartemius Crouch does say at one point that Barty received an impressive twelve [[Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Major Events/OWL exams|O.W.L.s]] at Hogwarts; at the time, though, Bartemius is largely out of his mind and is speaking to a tree, so it's uncertain how much weight we should give this revelation.

As mentioned, Barty advises Cedric Diggory to open his Golden Egg underwater, knowing that he will in turn tell Harry in order to pay him back for tipping him off about the dragons. When telling Harry about this, Barty says that &quot;decent people are so easy to manipulate.&quot; This would seem to indicate that, unlike Voldemort who is unable to understand love and so discounts it completely, Crouch is aware of it, and of gratitude, and is able to pervert its force to steer events towards his own ends. Barty's manipulation of his father, and of Winky, is clearly based on abuse of familial love.

== Weaknesses ==

Barty is shown to believe that his faithfulness and service will make him and Voldemort emotionally close, like a father and son. Thus, Barty views Voldemort as a replacement father figure, either not knowing or refusing to accept that Voldemort will always see him as just another disposable follower. In the sixth book, Dumbledore states that &quot;You will hear many of his Death Eaters claiming that they are in his confidence, that they alone are close to him, even understand him. They are deluded. Lord Voldemort has never had a friend, nor do I believe that he has ever wanted one.&quot; &lt;!-- He also thinks that killing Harry would please Voldemort and gain reward. In truth, Voldemort would have been furious and killed Barty on the spot as only Voldemort declares that he himself is the one to kill Harry and no other Death Eater should. --&gt;

In the trial Harry witnesses, Barty is seen desperately proclaiming his innocence while Bellatrix Lestrange openly admits to being a Death Eater. Later on, however, Barty boasts that he is Voldemort's only faithful follower and claims that the Death Eaters who refused to brave Azkaban for their master should be severely punished. This might indicate that Barty is a hypocrite, condemning other Death Eaters for what he tried to do himself and disregarding Bellatrix's higher degree of faithfulness. As we don't know at this point about his participation in the Longbottom tortures, it is possible to assume he was innocent at this point, and then warped to the dark side. It is also possible that, during the trial, Barty was just doing whatever he could, for instance using his parents' trust, to remain free and continue his search for Voldemort, in contrast to other Death Eaters, who were just trying to evade Azkaban.

== Relationships With Other Characters ==

All relationships we hear about are either adversarial or manipulative. For instance, he imprisoned 'Mad Eye' Moody for an entire school year while taking his identity. During this time, he would interrogate Moody repeatedly to improve his own mimicry. We also hear of his imprisonment by his father and Winky, and learn of his odd relationship with Winky as part of that imprisonment. He seems to be treating Harry, Hermione, and Neville, in particular, with something like compassion, however we find out at the end of his story arc that he was using them as a means of getting Harry into Voldemort's power. We hear very little of his worshipful relationship with Voldemort, only enough to know of its existence and nature.

== Analysis ==

== Questions ==
{{Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Questions}}
# Why do you think Barty Crouch Jr. became one of Voldemort's followers?

== Greater Picture ==

{{Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Intermediate Spoiler}}

Shortly after his return, [[Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Characters/Lord Voldemort|Voldemort]] summons his Death Eaters to his side. As Voldemort goes around the circle of Death Eaters, commenting on the gaps in the circle, he comes to ''the largest gap of all... &quot;And here we have six missing Death Eaters ... three dead in my service. One, too cowardly to return ... he will pay. One, who I believe has left me for ever ... he will be killed, of course ... and one, who remains my most faithful servant, and who has already re-entered my service. ... He is at Hogwarts, that faithful servant, and it was through his efforts that our young friend arrived tonight...&quot;'' By not naming these Death Eaters, and by not completing the circle, the author is able to leave it in doubt as to who exactly is being referred to here. We are led to believe, correctly, that it is [[Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Characters/Igor Karkaroff|Karkaroff]] who has run, but it is unclear whether that is the cowardly one, or the one who has left Voldemort's service forever. At this point, we are unaware of the existence of Barty Crouch, and so we are misled into believing that the faithful servant who has already re-entered Voldemort's service is [[Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Characters/Severus Snape|Severus Snape]]. And despite the revelation of Barty's role in the events of the book, the casual reader may well retain this mistaken belief even after that revelation, and may see this particular scene as confirmation of Snape's continuing loyalty to the Dark Lord. In fact, though, the faithful servant is Barty, Karkaroff is the cowardly one, and it is Snape who Voldemort feels has left. We will find out in [[Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Books/Half-Blood Prince/Chapter 2|''Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince'']] that Voldemort had his doubts about Snape, but that Voldemort had accepted Snape's explanation, both for his apparent desertion of Voldemort in the intervening years, and for his failure to appear instantly at Voldemort's summons on this occasion.

This mention of Barty's place in the circle of Death Eaters does indicate that Barty had been a full Death Eater before Voldemort's first downfall, despite his youth at the time.

{{BookCat}}</text>
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      <text bytes="12992" sha1="1o7s0i48a7aknhv1f2nkmi6fj2s94g8" xml:space="preserve">__NEWSECTIONLINK__ {{Discussion Rooms}} {{Shortcut|WB:CHAT|WB:RR/G|WB:GENERAL}} {{TOC left|limit=3}}
{{User:MiszaBot/config
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Welcome to the '''General reading room'''. On this page, Wikibookians are free to talk about the Wikibooks project in general. For proposals for improving Wikibooks, see the [[../Proposals/]] reading room.
{{clear}}

[[Category:Reading room]]

== May 2026 Wikimedia Café meetups regarding the Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan ==
&lt;div class=&quot;border-box&quot; style=&quot;background-color: var(--background-color-warning-subtle, #f8eaba); max-width: 875px; padding: 5px; border: 1px solid black; margin: 5px; color: var(--clr-dark)&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;box&quot; style=&quot;float:left; padding-top: 15px; padding-right: 15px;&quot;&gt;[[File:Wikimedia Café logo in plain SVG format.svg|75px|alt=The logo for the Wikimedia Café]]&lt;/div&gt;
Hello! There will be two '''[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Caf%C3%A9 Wikimedia Café]''' discussion opportunities during the last weekend of May. Both sessions will focus on the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_Annual_Plan/2026-2027 the 2026-2027 Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan]. Participants may attend either or both sessions.

#'''Saturday, 30 May 2026 at 15:00 UTC''' ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1780153200 timestamp converter]), at a time friendly to the Americas, Africa, and Europe
#'''Sunday, 31 May 2026 at 05:00 UTC''' ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1780203600 timestamp converter]), at a time friendly to Asia and the Pacific

Café participants are highly encouraged to read in advance [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Sohom_Datta/annual_plan_guide at least this summary of the plan]. Optionally,  Café participants are encouraged to read portions of the plan that interest them and [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Talk:Wikimedia_Foundation_Annual_Plan/2026-2027 ask questions or provide feedback on the Annual Plan talk page]. 

Please see the Café page for more information, including [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Caf%C3%A9#May_2026_meetings_with_a_focus_on_Wikimedia_Foundation_Annual_Plan/2026-2027 tables of timestamp conversions for both sessions], [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Caf%C3%A9#Agenda._This_will_be_an_approximately_1_hour_Caf%C3%A9_session,_and_is_extendible_for_an_additional_30_minutes_if_needed. the agenda], and [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Caf%C3%A9#How_to_attend_the_session how to register]!
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Buntstifte Eberhard Faber crop 64h.jpg|860px|alt=cropped image of colored pencils]]&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;[[User:Pine|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#01796f; text-shadow:#00BFFF 0 0 1.0em&quot;&gt;↠Pine&lt;/span&gt;]] [[User talk:Pine|&lt;span style=&quot;color:DeepSkyBlue&quot;&gt;(&lt;b style=&quot;color:#FFDF00;text-shadow:#FFDF00 0 0 1.0em&quot;&gt;✉&lt;/b&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/span&gt; 19:44, 21 May 2026 (UTC)

== Vote now in the 2026 U4C election ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
Eligible voters are asked to participate in the 2026 [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] election. More information–including an eligibility check, voting process information, candidate information, and a link to the vote–are available on Meta at the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026|2026 Election information page]]. The vote closes on 2 June 2026 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1780358400 00:00 UTC].

Please vote if your account is eligible. Results will be available by 14 June 2026. -- In cooperation with the U4C,&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;

[[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 17:14, 27 May 2026 (UTC)
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== Discussion at WB:TECH ==

I started a discussion whether we should keep the FlaggedRevs comment box hidden at [[Wikibooks:Reading room/Technical Assistance#Is this CSS code necessary?]], but I am notifying here due to a lack of participation over there. Thank you. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#0024FF&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 22:41, 30 May 2026 (UTC)

== Template:Printable testing ==

Is there any way to use Template:Printable so that it creates a printable version of a ''different'' page? I've been wanting to see what it looks like without having to create a subpage. &lt;span style=&quot;color:#FF0000&quot;&gt;[[User:User97104|User]]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#FF0000&quot;&gt;[[User talk:User97104|97104]] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#FF0000&quot;&gt;[[Special:Contributions/User97104|(fixes)]]&lt;/span&gt; 23:59, 8 June 2026 (UTC)

== June 2026 Wikimedia Café meetups regarding the English Wikipedia Editor Reflections project ==

&lt;div class=&quot;border-box&quot; style=&quot;background-color: var(--background-color-warning-subtle, #f8eaba); max-width: 875px; padding: 5px; border: 1px solid black; margin: 5px; color: var(--clr-dark)&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;box&quot; style=&quot;float:left; padding-top: 10px; padding-right: 10px; padding-left: 10px; padding-bottom: 10px;&quot;&gt;[[File:Wikimedia Café logo in plain SVG format.svg|60px|alt=The logo for the Wikimedia Café]]&lt;/div&gt;
Hello! There will be two '''[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Caf%C3%A9 Wikimedia Café]''' discussion opportunities during the last weekend of June. Both sessions will focus on the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Editor_reflections English Wikipedia Editor Reflections project]. The featured guest in the Café will be [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Clovermoss User:Clovermoss]. Participants may attend either or both sessions.

#'''27 June 2026 15:00 UTC''' ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1782572400 timestamp converter]), at a time friendly to the Americas, Africa, and Europe
#'''28 June 2026 03:00 UTC''' ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1782615600 timestamp converter]), at a time friendly to Asia and the Pacific

Please see the Café page for more information, including [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Caf%C3%A9#How_to_attend_the_session how to register]!
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Buntstifte Eberhard Faber crop 64h.jpg|860px|alt=cropped image of colored pencils]]&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;[[User:Pine|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#01796f; text-shadow:#00BFFF 0 0 1.0em&quot;&gt;↠Pine&lt;/span&gt;]] [[User talk:Pine|&lt;span style=&quot;color:DeepSkyBlue&quot;&gt;(&lt;b style=&quot;color:#FFDF00;text-shadow:#FFDF00 0 0 1.0em&quot;&gt;✉&lt;/b&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/span&gt; 04:09, 15 June 2026 (UTC)

== Images lost in Engineering Acoustics ==

Hello,

I just made an updated PDF version of the wiki book on Engineering Acoustics.
During this processes I realized that 19 Images are missing. I left the respective chapters out of the PDF version. You can find the missing files by opening https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Engineering_Acoustics/Print_version in your web browser and search for the text File: . I am not sure why they were deleted. But possibly they were moved to Wikimedia Commons first and deleted after that. I could try to restore the from the 16 years old PDF version but I lack any authorship information so I think we need to redraw all of them. Furthermore I realized that some of the rest of the images in the wiki book have got a very poor resolution

Yours 18:22, 18 June 2026 (UTC) [[User:Dirk Hünniger|Dirk Hünniger]] ([[User talk:Dirk Hünniger|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dirk Hünniger|contribs]]) 18:22, 18 June 2026 (UTC)

== Citing WikiBooks? ==

Wikipedia has a page for Citing Wikipedia, but I haven't found one here, so I have a few questions:

# How would I cite Wikibooks in an essay?
# Do I need to cite sources on Wikibooks? If so, how?

[[User:BlazeFlames|BlazeFlames]] ([[User talk:BlazeFlames|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/BlazeFlames|contribs]]) 22:48, 18 June 2026 (UTC)

:# This should give you a good method: https://www.scribbr.com/citing-sources/how-to-cite-wikipedia/
:# Generally, no. We have [[Wikibooks:Policies and guidelines|no policy that requires or prohibits citing sources]] and we have a [[Help:Editing#References|help page on how to do it]], with a [[Wikibooks:Templates/Sources|number of templates]] to standardize the process. There is definitely value in citing sources, so I don't want to discourage it.
:―[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;v&lt;/span&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 09:10, 19 June 2026 (UTC)

== Unhide the FlaggedRevs comment box? ==

:''Reposted from [[Wikibooks:Reading room/Archives/2026/April#Is this CSS code necessary?]] as the former link had no participation.''
I propose unhiding the FlaggedRevs comment box (via MediaWiki:Common.css) because it might be useful to add in a comment when reverting with the FlaggedRevs reversion, unlike rollback. It might also be useful in cases to add a comment on what the user edited when accepting a revision. Thoughts? [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#0024FF&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 21:17, 20 June 2026 (UTC)

== RFC about AI-generated content in Wikimedia Commons ==

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt; You are invited to participate in a [[c:Commons:Requests for comment/Policy update for AI content|request for comment on Wikimedia Commons about a policy update for AI content]]. This may affect files that are uploaded to Wikimedia Commons for use on this project. Thank you. [[m:User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[m:User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]])&lt;/bdi&gt; 17:11, 23 June 2026 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Codename Noreste@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&amp;oldid=30513860 --&gt;

== Deployment of Legal and Safety Contacts Link in the Footer of Your Wiki ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;Message&quot;/&gt;
'''Legal &amp; Safety Contacts'''

Hello community, the Wikimedia Foundation has provided a [[wmf:Special:MyLanguage/Legal:Wikimedia Foundation Legal and Safety Contact Information|single legal and safety contact page]], to be linked in the footer of your wiki, to ensure access to accurate legal information. This is a regulatory requirement. We have already rolled out links to English, German, Italian, Spanish and other wikis and we will deploy to your wiki soon. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_Legal_and_Safety_Contacts_FAQ|Please read more on the project page]] and leave any comments in this thread or on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Legal and Safety Contacts FAQ|talk page]].

&lt;section end=&quot;Message&quot;/&gt;

-- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 13:30, 25 June 2026 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Sannita (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Sannita_(WMF)/Mass_sending_test&amp;oldid=30731267 --&gt;

== A question about the user right move-subpages ==

Even though reviewers have the ability to move 100 pages per minute (per InitialiseSettings.php), they do not have &lt;code&gt;move-subpages&lt;/code&gt;, which allows moving a book (with all its subpages) in one single action. Is this user right considered sensitive (hence it is restricted to administrators by default)? [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#0024FF&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 04:23, 9 July 2026 (UTC)

:I'm not 100% sure what the problem is as long as mass moving is limited to admins in the first place, as this can really cause problems (I recently encountered this mass-moving 100 out of c. 260 pages on a wiki). I support filing a ticket at [[:phab:]] to extend [[:mw:Manual:$wgMaximumMovedPages|$wgMaximumMovedPages]] to 1,000. ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;v&lt;/span&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 05:33, 9 July 2026 (UTC)

== Regarding local checkusers ==

Not to be negative here, but I am not sure what is the point of having local checkusers here, while by [[WB:GRP#Stewards|policy]] we explicitly allow stewards to perform CUs here. An example would be because MarcGarver, while a local CU and is sometimes pinged here, has an intermittent pattern of activity here. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#0024FF&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 22:15, 9 July 2026 (UTC)</text>
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      <text bytes="5995" sha1="cpjcr37qcdtpu3l3rrdjcnvb20cve3h" xml:space="preserve">__NEWSECTIONLINK__ {{Discussion Rooms}} {{shortcut|WB:AN|WB:AA}} {{TOC left}}
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{{ombox|type=content|text='''To request a rename or usurpation''', go to the global request page at Meta [[meta:SRUC|here]].&lt;br /&gt;''Please do not post those requests here!''}}
{{Clear}}
Welcome to the '''Administrative Assistance reading room'''.  You can request assistance from [[WB:ADMIN|administrators]] for handling a variety of problems here and alert them about problems which may require special actions not normally used during regular content editing. Please be patient as administrators are often quite busy with either their own projects or trying to perform general maintenance and cleanup.

You can deal with most vandalism yourself: [[Wikibooks:Dealing with vandalism|fix it]], then [[Wikibooks:Templates/User_notices|warn the user]]. If there is repeated vandalism by one user, lots of vandalism on a single page, or vandalism from many users, tell an admin here, or in [irc://irc.freenode.net/wikibooks #wikibooks] (say &lt;code&gt;!admin&lt;/code&gt; to get attention).

For more general questions and assistance that doesn't require an administrator, please use the [[WB:HELP|Assistance Reading Room]].
{{clear}}

[[Category:Reading room]]

== Lisawilliam2 reported by MathXplore ==

* {{userlinks|Lisawilliam2}}

Spam &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Lisawilliam2/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:11, 29 June 2026 (UTC)
: {{done}} by Kittycataclysm. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#0024FF&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 23:27, 29 June 2026 (UTC)
== Amz.bizistech reported by MathXplore ==

* {{userlinks|Amz.bizistech}}

Spam &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Amz.bizistech/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:10, 30 June 2026 (UTC)

:'''Blocked'''. —[[User:Atcovi|Atcovi]] [[User talk:Atcovi|(Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Atcovi|Contribs)]] 12:11, 30 June 2026 (UTC)
== Emirati yahzota reported by MathXplore ==

* {{userlinks|Emirati yahzota}}

Long-term abuse, [[:w:Wikipedia:Sockpuppet investigations/Muhammad Ali Rajab]] &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Emirati yahzota/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:18, 2 July 2026 (UTC)

:I deleted their page addition. @[[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] could we get a CU here? Thanks! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:28, 3 July 2026 (UTC)

== Bestdealsautofla reported by MathXplore ==

* {{userlinks|Bestdealsautofla}}

Spam &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Bestdealsautofla/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:19, 2 July 2026 (UTC)

:{{done}} —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:26, 3 July 2026 (UTC)

== Cthrucleaningsolutionso reported by MathXplore ==

* {{userlinks|Cthrucleaningsolutionso}}

advertising &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Cthrucleaningsolutionso/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 22:19, 2 July 2026 (UTC)

:{{done|Sandbox deleted}} —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:26, 3 July 2026 (UTC)
:: The user was blocked indefinitely as a spam-only account. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#0024FF&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 01:47, 3 July 2026 (UTC)

== Protecting Pages ==

Hello, Admins,

My name is Kayden Swanson, and I have proudly created ''[[The Geoguide]].'' But I would like to remove the ability for fellow users to edit it to prevent vandalism and preserve my prized creation I have made for school. Could you permanently lock it so others cant edit it while I still can? [[User:Kayden Swanson|Kayden Swanson]] ([[User talk:Kayden Swanson|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kayden Swanson|contribs]]) 02:41, 6 July 2026 (UTC)

:Hi @[[User:Kayden Swanson|Kayden Swanson]]! Unfortunately, that is not an appropriate justification for protecting a page here at Wikibooks per the [[Wikibooks:Protection policy|protection policy]]. Notably, {{tq|&quot;Preemptive full protection of pages is contrary to the open nature of Wikibooks&quot;}}. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 19:15, 6 July 2026 (UTC)
::NOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO okay that's fine  [[User:Kayden Swanson|Kayden Swanson]] ([[User talk:Kayden Swanson|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kayden Swanson|contribs]]) 00:26, 8 July 2026 (UTC)
::: I'm sorry, but that's not within the scope of the protection policy. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#0024FF&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 12:39, 8 July 2026 (UTC)

== Prudhvifmsdh reported by MathXplore ==

* {{userlinks|Prudhvifmsdh}}

Spam &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Prudhvifmsdh/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:39, 8 July 2026 (UTC)
: {{done}}. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#0024FF&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 13:07, 8 July 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>cpjcr37qcdtpu3l3rrdjcnvb20cve3h</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Wikibooks:Reading room/Proposals</title>
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Welcome to the '''Proposals reading room'''. On this page, Wikibookians are free to talk about suggestions for improving Wikibooks.

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== New gadget to browse subpages ==

Hi all! I developed a gadget to easily browse subpages through a collapsible menu, that I think might be useful in Wikibooks. Here's a little demo video:

[[File:Subpages_gadget_demo.webm|frameless]]

To test it yourself, add the following to [[Special:MyPage/common.js|your common.js]]:

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;javascript&quot;&gt;
mw.loader.load( '//www.mediawiki.org/w/load.php?modules=ext.gadget.Global-Subpages' );
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

If you find it useful, I can enable it as a gadget to make it generally available from the preferences. Thoughts? Cheers! [[User:Sophivorus|Sophivorus]] ([[User talk:Sophivorus|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Sophivorus|contribs]]) 16:02, 2 July 2026 (UTC)

:Wikibooks relies heavily on subpages, so this is a nice addition. Merci. ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;v&lt;/span&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 16:43, 2 July 2026 (UTC)
:This could be extremely useful for books here!! I'll note, though, that it doesn't work quite right with the vector legacy skin (what I use). —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:20, 3 July 2026 (UTC)
: @[[User:Sophivorus|Sophivorus]] I will be the one in charge installing this as a gadget since there is no objection, but what dependecies does this gadget need to use? You might also want to read Kittycataclysm's suggestion above. ''Muchos saludos''. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#0024FF&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 23:08, 9 July 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>861jgy1ft8jy8s5nrjsp9onlr8wgksc</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Think Python/Answers</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>190287</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4653453</id>
      <parentid>4415379</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-10T04:42:48Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-39087-44</username>
        <id>3613203</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Exercise 3.3 */  Recursion way</comment>
      <origin>4653453</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="44977" sha1="5jd1li5ayo46offyb9jt71a7rhuxek0" xml:space="preserve">&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Think Python/Page}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;

== Chapter 1 ==
See below for Chapter 1 exercises.

=== Exercise 1.2 ===
1.) How many seconds are there in 42 minutes 42 seconds?

&gt;&gt;&gt; (42 * 60) + 42

'''2562 seconds'''


2.) How many miles are there in 10 kilometers? Hint there are 1.61 kilometers in a mile.

&gt;&gt;&gt; 10/1.61

'''6.21 miles'''


3.) If you run a 10 kilometer race in 42 minutes 42 seconds, what is your average time per mile? What is your average speed in miles per hour? (Hint: there are about 1.61 kilometers in a mile.)

&gt;&gt;&gt; 10 / 1.61                  # convert kilometers to miles

6.211180124223602

&gt;&gt;&gt; (42 * 60) + 42             # convert time to seconds

2562


&gt;&gt;&gt; 2562 / 6.211180124223602  # what is your average time (seconds) per mile

412.482

&gt;&gt;&gt; 412.482 / 60               # what is your average time (minutes) per mile

'''6.874700000000001'''


&gt;&gt;&gt; 60 / 6.874700000000001     # miles per hour

'''8.727653570337614'''


How about another way

&gt;&gt;&gt; 10 / 42.7                  # avg kilometers per minute

0.23419203747072598

&gt;&gt;&gt; 0.23419203747072598 * 60   # kilometers per hour

14.05152224824356

&gt;&gt;&gt; 14.05152224824356 / 1.61   # convert to M.P.H

8.727653570337614

or a one-liner

&gt;&gt;&gt; (10 / 1.61) / (42.7 / 60)   # (distance in miles) / (time in hours)

8.727653570337614               # miles/hour

== Chapter 2 ==

=== Exercise 2.1 ===
If you type an integer with a leading zero, you might get a confusing error:

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;python&quot;&gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; zipcode = 02492
                  ^
SyntaxError: invalid token
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
Other number seem to work, but the results are bizarre:
&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;python&quot;&gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; zipcode = 02132
&gt;&gt;&gt; print zipcode
1114
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

So python is assuming you want to convert an octal number to a decimal number. In the base 8 numbering system where valid numbers are '''0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7'''.
&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;python&quot;&gt;
Base  8: 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 20 21 22 23 24
Base 10: 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
Every 8 numbers we increment the left hand columns. This means that the right most column is the number of 'ones'. The one to the left of that is a tally of the number of 'eights', the one next to that is a tally of a full column of 'eight' times the 'eight column' - 64. The one next to that is 64*8 - 512 and so on.
For more information read [http://www.felderbooks.com/papers/bases.html Base Eight math]. 

That is why '''zipcode = 02492''' is invalid as the digit 9 is not a valid octal number. We can do the conversion manually as follows:

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;python&quot;&gt;
&gt;&gt;&gt; print 02132
1114
&gt;&gt;&gt; (2*512)+(1*64)+(3*8)+(2*1)
1114
&gt;&gt;&gt; 
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

=== Exercise 2.2 ===

The volume of a sphere with radius &lt;math&gt;r&lt;/math&gt; is 4/3 &amp;#X3C0; &lt;math&gt;r^3&lt;/math&gt;.
What is the volume of a sphere with radius 5? 

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;python&quot;&gt;
&gt;&gt;&gt; pi = 3.1415926535897932
&gt;&gt;&gt; r = 5
&gt;&gt;&gt; 4/3*pi*r**3 # This is the wrong answer
392.69908169872411
&gt;&gt;&gt; r = 5.0 # Radius can be a float here as well, but is not _necessary_.
&gt;&gt;&gt; 4.0/3.0*pi*r**3 # Using floats give the correct answer
523.5987755982989
&gt;&gt;&gt; 
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

Suppose the cover price of a book is $24.95, but bookstores get a 40% discount. Shipping costs $3 for the first copy and 75 cents for each additional copy. What is the total wholesale cost for 60 copies?

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;python&quot;&gt;
 $24.95  Cost
  $9.98  Discount per book
 $14.97  Cost per book after discount
  60     Total number of books
$898.20  Total cost not inc delivery

  $3.00  First book delivery
  59     Remaining books
  $0.75  Delivery cost for extra books
 $44.25  Total cost for extra books
 $47.25  Total Delivery cost
	
$945.45	 Total Bill

This answer is wrong because 40.0/100.0 return wrong value 0.40000000000000002 for more info see IEEE 754 (Standard for Floating-Point Arithmetic)
&gt;&gt;&gt; (24.95-24.95*40.0/100.0)*60+3+0.75*(60-1)
945.44999999999993
&gt;&gt;&gt; 24.95*0.6*60+0.75*(60-1)+3
945.45

You can use the decimal module to maintain precision.
from decimal import Decimal
..
...
def wholesale_cost(args):

    d = 1 - args.get('discount')/100 
    purchase = Decimal(args.get('cost') * d * 60)
    return purchase + Decimal(args.get('delivery'))

args =  {'cost': 24.95, 'discount': 40, 'delivery': 3.00+0.75*59}
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

Another solution using functions as well as input prompts:

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;python&quot;&gt;
# Total wholesale book cost calculator
cover_price = 24.95

number_of_books = int(input(&quot;How many books do you want to order at wholesale? &quot;))

def ship_cost (number_of_books):
    if number_of_books == 1:
        return (number_of_books * 3) # Cost of shipping one book is $3
    else:
        return (3 + (number_of_books - 1) * 0.75) # Each additional copy of the book is $0.75 to ship

def discounted_price(number_of_books):
    return(cover_price - (cover_price * .4)) # There is a 40% discount on wholesale book sales

def wholesale_cost(number_of_books):
    return ((discounted_price(number_of_books) * number_of_books) + ship_cost(number_of_books))

print(&quot;The cost of buying and shipping&quot;, number_of_books, &quot;books is $&quot;,round(wholesale_cost(number_of_books), 2))
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

If I leave my house at 6:52 am and run 1 mile at an easy pace (8:15 per mile), then 3 miles at tempo (7:12 per mile) and 1 mile at easy pace again, what time do I get home for breakfast?

Answer: '''7:30 am'''

How I did it:
&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;python&quot;&gt;
&gt;&gt;&gt; start = (6*60+52)*60
&gt;&gt;&gt; easy = (8*60+15)*2
&gt;&gt;&gt; fast = (7*60+12)*3
&gt;&gt;&gt; finish_hour = (start + easy + fast)/(60*60.0)
&gt;&gt;&gt; finish_floored = (start + easy + fast)//(60*60)  #int() function can also be used to get integer value, but it hasn't taught yet.
&gt;&gt;&gt; finish_minute  = (finish_hour - finish_floored)*60
&gt;&gt;&gt; print ('Finish time was %d:%d' % (finish_hour,finish_minute))
Finish time was 7:30

*** ANOTHER WAY ***
start_time_hr = 6 + 52 / 60.0
easy_pace_hr = (8 + 15 / 60.0 ) / 60.0
tempo_pace_hr = (7 + 12 / 60.0) / 60.0
running_time_hr = 2 * easy_pace_hr + 3 * tempo_pace_hr
breakfast_hr = start_time_hr + running_time_hr
breakfast_min = (breakfast_hr-int(breakfast_hr))*60
breakfast_sec= (breakfast_min-int(breakfast_min))*60

print ('breakfast_hr', int(breakfast_hr) )
print ('breakfast_min', int (breakfast_min) )
print ('breakfast_sec', int (breakfast_sec) )
&gt;&gt;&gt; 
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

== Chapter 3 ==

=== Exercise 3.1===
Python provides a built-in function called ''len'' that returns the length of a string, so the value of len('allen') is 5. Write a function named right_justify that takes a string named ''s'' as a parameter and prints the string with enough leading spaces so that the last letter of the string is in column 70 of the display.

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;python&quot;&gt;
&gt;&gt;&gt; def right_justify(s):
     print (' '*(70-len(s))+s)
 
&gt;&gt;&gt; right_justify('allen')
                                                                 allen
&gt;&gt;&gt; 
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;


Alternate Solution Using concatenation and repetition
&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;python&quot;&gt;

def right_justify(s):
    total_length = 70
    current_length = len(s)
    current_string = s
    while current_length &lt; total_length:
       current_string = &quot; &quot; + current_string
       current_length = len(current_string)
    print(current_string)

OUTPUT

&gt;&gt;&gt; right_justify(&quot;monty&quot;)
                                                                 monty
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

=== Exercise 3.3 ===
You can see my solution at http://thinkpython.com/code/grid.py.
&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;python&quot;&gt;
&quot;&quot;&quot;
Solution to Exercise 3.5 on page 27 of Think Python
Allen B. Downey, Version 1.1.24+Kart [Python 3.2]

&quot;&quot;&quot;

# here is a mostly-straightforward solution to the
# two-by-two version of the grid.

def do_twice(f):
    f()
    f()

def do_four(f):
    do_twice(f)
    do_twice(f)

def print_beam():
    print('+ - - - -', end='')

def print_post():
    print('|        ', end='')

def print_beams():
    do_twice(print_beam)
    print('+')

def print_posts():
    do_twice(print_post)
    print('|')

def print_row():
    print_beams()
    do_twice(print_posts)

def print_grid():
    do_twice(print_row)
    print_beams()

print_grid()
 ____________   

# another solution

def do_twice(f):
    f()
    f()

def do_four(f):
    do_twice(f)
    do_twice(f)

def print_column():
    print '+----+----+'

def print_row():
    print '|    |    |'

def print_rows():
    do_four(print_row)

def do_block():
    print_column()
    print_rows()

def print_block():
    do_twice(do_block)
    print_column()

print_block()

# nathan moses-gonzales
_________

# straight-forward solution to 4x4 grid

def do_twice(f):
    f()
    f()

def do_four(f): # not needed for 2x2 grid
    do_twice(f)
    do_twice(f)

def print_beam():
    print('+----', end='')

def print_post():
    print('|    ', end='')

def print_beams():
    do_twice(print_beam)
    print('+')

def print_posts():
    do_twice(print_post)
    print('|')

def print_row():
    print_beams()
    do_twice(print_posts)

def print_grid2x2():
    do_twice(print_row)
    print_beams()

def print_beam4():
    do_four(print_beam)
    print('+')

def print_post4():
    do_four(print_post)
    print('|')

def print_row4():
    print_beam4()
    do_twice(print_post4)

def print_grid4x4():
    do_four(print_row4)
    print_beam4()

print_grid4x4()
-----------------------

# here is a less-straightforward solution to the
# four-by-four grid 

def one_four_one(f, g, h):
    f()
    do_four(g)
    h()

def print_plus():
    print '+',

def print_dash():
    print '-',

def print_bar():
    print '|',

def print_space():
    print ' ',

def print_end():
    print

def nothing():
    &quot;do nothing&quot;

def print1beam():
    one_four_one(nothing, print_dash, print_plus)

def print1post():
    one_four_one(nothing, print_space, print_bar)

def print4beams():
    one_four_one(print_plus, print1beam, print_end)

def print4posts():
    one_four_one(print_bar, print1post, print_end)

def print_row():
    one_four_one(nothing, print4posts, print4beams)

def print_grid():
    one_four_one(print4beams, print_row, nothing)

print_grid()

comment = &quot;&quot;&quot;
After writing a draft of the 4x4 grid, I noticed that many of the
functions had the same structure: they would do something, do
something else four times, and then do something else once.

So I wrote one_four_one, which takes three functions as arguments; it
calls the first one once, then uses do_four to call the second one
four times, then calls the third.

Then I rewrote print1beam, print1post, print4beams, print4posts,
print_row and print_grid using one_four_one.

Programming is an exploratory process.  Writing a draft of a program
often gives you insight into the problem, which might lead you to
rewrite the code to reflect the structure of the solution.

--- Allen
&quot;&quot;&quot;

print comment

# another solution
def beam():
    plus = &quot;+&quot;
    minus = &quot;-&quot;*4
    print(plus, minus, plus,minus, plus, minus, plus, minus, plus)

def straight():
    straight = &quot;|&quot;
    space = &quot; &quot;*4
    print(straight, space, straight, space, straight, space, straight, space,
          straight, space)

def quad_straight():
    straight()
    straight()
    straight()
    straight()

def twice():
    beam()
    quad_straight()
    beam()
    quad_straight()

def quad():
    twice()
    twice()
    beam()

quad()
-- :)
------------------

# Without functions. 
print(&quot;+ - - - - &quot; * 2 + &quot;+&quot;)
print(&quot;|\t\t  | \t\t|\n&quot; * 3 + &quot;|\t\t  | \t\t|&quot;)
print(&quot;+ - - - - &quot; * 2 + &quot;+&quot;)
print(&quot;|\t\t  | \t\t|\n &quot; *3 + &quot;|\t\t  | \t\t|&quot;)
print(&quot;+ - - - - &quot; * 2 + &quot;+&quot;)

------------------

Why not using the first solution and adapt it to the number of rows

def do_twice(f):
    f()
    f()

def do_four(f):
    do_twice(f)
    do_twice(f)

def print_column():
    print '+----+----+----+----+'

def print_row():
    print '|    |    |    |    |'

def print_rows():
    do_four(print_row)

def do_block():
    print_column()
    print_rows()

def print_block():
    do_twice(do_block)
    # print_column()
    do_twice(do_block)
    print_column()

print_block()


-----------------------
# mteodor

def draw_line(bar, middle = ' ', repeat = 2, length = 2):
  &quot;&quot;&quot; Draw a single line like this:
  [ (B M*repeat)*length B]
  &quot;&quot;&quot;
  for k in range(length):
    print(&quot;%s %s &quot; % (bar, middle*repeat), end='')
  print(bar)

def draw_grid(length = 2, height = 2, width = 2):
  &quot;&quot;&quot; Draw a grid like this:
  + -- + -- +
  |    |    |
  |    |    |
  + -- + -- +
  |    |    |
  |    |    |
  + -- + -- +
  where:
  * length x height are the table size
  * width is the size of a cell/column
  &quot;&quot;&quot;
  for i in range(height):
    draw_line('+', '-', width, length)
    for j in range(length):
      draw_line('|', ' ', width, length)
  draw_line('+', '-', width, length)

draw_grid(4, 4, 3)


--------------------------
#kipp

# auto adjust size of columns

size=4

def beam():
    print(&quot; + - - - -&quot;*size, &quot;+&quot;)

def post():
    print(&quot; |        &quot;*size, &quot;|&quot;)

def repeat(func):
    func()
    func()
    func()

# manual adjust size for rows
# this is 4

beam()
repeat(post)
beam()
repeat(post)
beam()
repeat(post)
beam()
repeat(post)
beam()

&quot;&quot;&quot;Using Recursion&quot;&quot;&quot;

def Box(n,m,s):
    v = n*'-'
    if m == 0 or (s == m) or s==m//2:
        print('+'+v+'+'+v+'+')
    elif m != 0:
        print('|'+(len(v)*' ')+'|'+(len(v)*' ')+'|')
    if m==0:
        return
    Box(n,m-1,s)
    
def AskUser(x,y):
    Box(x,y,y//2)
    
AskUser(x=int(input('x axis (Please only even Numbers) = ')), y=int(input('y axis (Please only even Numbers) = ')))
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

== Chapter 4 ==
=== 4.3 Exercise 1 ===
&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;python&quot;&gt;
from TurtleWorld import *

world = TurtleWorld()
bob = Turtle()

def square(t):
    for i in range(4):
        fd(t, 100)
        lt(t)

square(bob)
wait_for_user()
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

=== 4.3 Exercise 2 ===
&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;python&quot;&gt;
from TurtleWorld import *

world = TurtleWorld()
bob = Turtle()
print(bob)

def square(t, length):
    t = Turtle()
    for i in range(4):
        fd(t, length)
        lt(t)

square(bob, 200)
wait_for_user()
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

=== 4.3 Exercise 3 ===
&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;python&quot;&gt;
from swampy.TurtleWorld import *

world = TurtleWorld()
bob = Turtle()
print(bob)

def polygon(t, length, n):
    
    for i in range(n):
        fd(t, length)
        lt(t, 360 / n)

polygon(bob, 50, 8)
wait_for_user()
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

== Chapter 5 ==
=== Exercise 5.2 ===
&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;python&quot;&gt;
def countdown(a):         # A typical countdown function
    if a &lt; 0:
        print(&quot;Blastoff&quot;)
    elif a &gt; 0:
        print(a)
        countdown(a - 1)

def call_function(n,a):    # The countdown function is called &quot;n&quot; number of times. Any other function can be used instead of countdown function.
    for i in range(n):
        countdown(a)
    
call_function(3, 10)
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

=== Exercise 5.3 ===
&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;python&quot;&gt;
def is_triangle(a, b, c):
       if a &lt;= b+c:
            if b &lt;= a+c:
                 if c &lt;= a+b:
                    return 'yes'
                 else:
                    return 'no'
            else:
                 return 'no'
       else:
            return 'no'

is_triangle(1, 12, 1)
'no'
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

=== Exercise 5.3 ===
&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;python&quot;&gt;
def is_triangle(a, b, c):
       if a&lt;=b+c and b&lt;=a+c and c&lt;=a+b:
           return 'yes'
       else:
           return 'no'

is_triangle(1, 12, 3)
'no'
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

== Chapter 9 ==
=== Exercise 9.1 ===
&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;python&quot;&gt;

fin = open('words.txt')
for line in fin:
	word = line.strip()
	if len(word) &gt; 20:
		print (word)
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

=== Exercise 9.2 ===
&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;python&quot;&gt;

fin = open('words.txt')

def has_no_e(word):
    for char in word:
        if char in 'Ee':
            return False
    return True  

count = 0
for line in fin:
    word = line.strip()
    if has_no_e(word):
        count += 1
        print (word)

percent = (count / 113809.0) * 100

print (str(percent)) + &quot;% of the words don't have an 'e'.&quot;

&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

===Exercise 9.3===
&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;python&quot;&gt;

fin = open('words.txt')

def avoids(word,letter):
    for char in word:
        if char in letter:
            return False
    return True


letter = raw_input('What letters to exclude? ')
count = 0
for line in fin:
    word = line.strip()
    if avoids(word, letter):
        count += 1
        print word

percent = (count / 113809.0) * 100

print str(percent) + &quot;% of the words don't have &quot; + letter + '.'

&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

===Exercise 9.4===
&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;python&quot;&gt;
def uses_only(word, letters):
    &quot;&quot;&quot;returns true if word is made only out of letters  else flase&quot;&quot;&quot;
    for letter in word:
        if letter not in letters:
            return False
    return True
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

== Chapter 10 ==

=== Exercise 10.1 ===
Write a function called nested_sum that takes a nested list of integers and add up the elements from all of the nested lists.

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;python&quot;&gt;
def nested_sum(nestedList):
        '''
        nestedList: list composed of nested lists containing int.
        Returns the sum of all the int in the nested list
        '''
        newList = []
        #Helper function to flatten the list
        def flatlist(nestedList):
                '''
                Returns a flat list
                '''
                for i in range(len(nestedList)):
                        if type(nestedList[i]) == int:
                                newList.append(nestedList[i])
                        else:
                                flatlist(nestedList[i])
                return newList

        flatlist(nestedList)
        print sum(newList)
        
nested_sum(nestedList)
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

=== Exercise 10.2 ===
Write a function named &quot;capitalize_nested&quot; that takes a nested list of strings and returns a new nested list with all strings capitalized.

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;python&quot;&gt;
&gt;&gt;&gt; def capitalize_nested(l): 
        def capitalize(s):
            return s.capitalize()
        for n, i in enumerate(l):       
            if type(i) is list:
                l[n] = capitalize_nested(l[n])
            elif type(i) is str:
                l[n] = capitalize(i)
        return l
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

=== Exercise 10.3 ===
Write a function that takes a list of numbers and returns the cumulative sum.

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;python&quot;&gt;
&gt;&gt;&gt; def cumulative(l):
    cumulative_sum = 0
    new_list = []
    for i in l:
        cumulative_sum += i
        new_list.append(cumulative_sum)
    return new_list
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

=== Exercise 10.4 ===
Write a function called middle that takes a list and returns a new list that contains all but the first and last elements.

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;python&quot;&gt;
&gt;&gt;&gt; def middle(x):
	res = []
	i = 1
	while i &lt;= len(x)-2:
		res.append(x[i])
		i += 1
	return res
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

This can also be done simply with a slice.

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;python&quot;&gt;
&gt;&gt;&gt; def middle(x):
        return x[1:-1]
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

=== Exercise 10.5 ===
Write a function called chop that takes a list and modifies it, removing the first and last elements, and returns None.

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;python&quot;&gt;
&gt;&gt;&gt; def chop(x):
		del x[:1]
		del x[-1:]
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

== Chapter 11 ==

=== Exercise 11.1 ===
Write a function that reads the words in words.txt and stores them as keys in a dictionary. It doesn’t matter what the values are. Then you can use the in operator as a fast way to check whether a string is in the dictionary.

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;python&quot;&gt;
fin = open('words.txt')
englishdict = dict()


def create_diction():
    counter = 0
    dictionairy = dict()
    for line in fin:
        word = line.strip()
        dictionairy[word] = counter
        counter += 1
    return dictionairy


&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

=== Exercise 11.2 ===
&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;python&quot;&gt;
def invert_dict(s):
    i={}
    for key in s:
        v=s[key]
        i.setdefault(v, []).append(key)
    return i
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

Edit: This was not the exercise I found in my edition of 'Think Python', so I've added my answer in case anyone else is curious:
Use get to write histogram more concisely. You should be able to eliminate the if statement.
&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;python&quot;&gt;
def histogram(s):
	d = dict()
	for c in s:
		d[c] = d.get(c,0)+1
	return d
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

=== Exercise 11.3 ===
Dictionaries have a method called keys that returns the keys of the dictionary, in no particular order, as a list. Modify print_hist to print the keys and their values in alphabetical order.

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;python&quot;&gt;
v = {'p' : 1, 'a' : 1, 'r' : 2, 'o' : 1, 't' : 1}
def print_hist(h):
    d = []
    d += sorted(h.keys())
    for c in d:
        print(c, h[c])
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
OR
&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;python&quot;&gt;
v = {'p' : 1, 'a' : 1, 'r' : 2, 'o' : 1, 't' : 1}
def print_hist(h):
    for c in sorted(h.keys()):
        print c, h[c]
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

=== Exercise 11.4 ===
Modify reverse_lookup so that it builds and returns a list of all keys that map to v, or an empty list if there are none.
&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;python&quot;&gt;
def reverse_lookup(d,v):
    l = list()
    for c in d:
        if d[c] == v:
            l.append(c)
    return l
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

== Chapter 12 ==

=== Exercise 12.1 ===
&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;python&quot;&gt;
numbers = (1,2,3)
def sumall(numbers):
    x = 0
    for i in numbers:
        x = x + i
    print x
sumall(numbers)
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

or

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;python&quot;&gt;
def sumall(*t):
    x = 0
    for i in range(len(t)):
        x += t[i]
    return x
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

or

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;python&quot;&gt;
def sumall(*args):
	t = list(args)
	return sum(t)
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

or

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;python&quot;&gt;
def sumall(*args):
    return sum(args)
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

=== Exercise 12.2 ===
&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;python&quot;&gt;
import random

def sort_by_length(words):
	t = []
	for word in words:
		t.append((len(word),word))
	t.sort(reverse=True)
	res = []
	for length, word in t:
		res.append(word)
	i=0
	final = []
	while i &lt;= len(res)-2:
		if len(res[i]) == len(res[i+1]):
			y_list = [res[i], res[i+1]]
			random.shuffle(y_list)
			final = final + y_list
			i += 2
		else:
			final.append(res[i])
			i += 1
	if i == len(res)-1:
		final.append(res[i])
	return final
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

or

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang = &quot;python&quot;&gt;
from random import shuffle

def sort_by_length(words):
	r = []
	d = dict()
	for word in words:
		d.setdefault(len(word), []).append(word)
	for key in sorted(d, reverse=True):
		if len(d[key]) &gt; 1:
			shuffle(d[key])
		r.extend(d[key])
	return r
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

=== Exercise 12.3 ===
&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;python&quot;&gt;
import string

def most_frequent(s):
	d = dict()
	inv = dict()
	for char in s:
		if char in string.ascii_letters:
			letter = char.lower()		
			d[letter] = d.get(letter, 0) + 1
			
	for letter, freq in d.items():
		inv.setdefault(freq, []).append(letter)
		
	for freq in sorted(inv, reverse=True):
		print('{:.2%}:'.format(freq/(sum(list(inv)*len(inv[freq])))), ', '.join(inv[freq]))
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

== Chapter 13 ==

=== Exercise 13.7 ===
&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;python&quot;&gt;
from string import punctuation, whitespace, digits
from random import randint
from bisect import bisect_left

def process_file(filename):
	h = dict()
	fp = open(filename)
	for line in fp:
		process_line(line, h)
	return h

def process_line(line, h):
	line = line.replace('-', ' ')
	for word in line.split():
		word = word.strip(punctuation + whitespace + digits)
		word = word.lower()
		if word != '':
			h[word] = h.get(word, 0) + 1

hist = process_file('emma.txt')

def cum_sum(list_of_numbers):
	cum_list = []
	for i, elem in enumerate(list_of_numbers):
		if i == 0:
			cum_list.append(elem)
		else:
			cum_list.append(cum_list[i-1] + elem)
	return cum_list

def random_word(h):
	word_list = list(h.keys())
	num_list = []
	for word in word_list:
		num_list.append(h[word])
	cum_list = cum_sum(num_list)
	i = randint(1, cum_list[-1])
	pos = bisect_left(cum_list, i)
	return word_list[pos]

print(random_word(hist))
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
== Chapter 14 ==

=== Exercise 14.3 ===
&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;python&quot;&gt;
import shelve

def dict_of_signatures_and_words(filename='words.txt'):
	d = dict()
	for line in open(filename):
		word = line.lower().strip()
		signature = ''.join(sorted(word))
		d.setdefault(signature, []).append(word)
	return d

def db_of_anagrams(filename='anagrams', d=dict_of_signatures_and_words()):
	db = shelve.open(filename)
	for key, values in d.items():
		if len(values)&gt;1:
			for index, value in enumerate(values):
				db[value]=values[:index]+values[index+1:]
	db.close()

def print_contents_of_db(filename='anagrams'):
	db = shelve.open(filename, flag='r')
	for key in sorted(db):
		print(key.rjust(12), '\t&lt;==&gt;\t', ', '.join(db[key]))
	db.close()

db_of_anagrams()
print_contents_of_db()
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

=== Exercise 14.5 ===
&lt;syntaxhighlight lang = 'python'&gt;
# Replace urllib.request with urllib if you use Python 2.
# I would love to see a more elegant solution for this exercise, possibly by someone who understands html.

import urllib.request

def check(zip_code):
	if zip_code == 'done':
		return False
		
	else:
                if len(zip_code) != 5:
		      print('\nThe zip code must have five digits!')
		return True

def get_html(zip_code):
	gibberish = urllib.request.urlopen('http://www.uszip.com/zip/' + zip_code)
	less_gib = gibberish.read().decode('utf-8')
	return less_gib

def extract_truth(code, key, delimiter):
	pos = code.find(key) + len(key)
	nearly_true = code[pos:pos+40]
	truth = nearly_true.split(delimiter)[0]
	return truth

while True:
	zip_code = input('Please type a zip code (5 digits) or &quot;done&quot; if want to stop:\n')
	
	if not check(zip_code):
                 break
	
	code = get_html(zip_code)
	
	invalid_key = '(0 results)'
	if invalid_key in code:
		print('\nNot a valid zip code.')
		continue
	
	name_key = '&lt;title&gt;'
	name_del = ' zip'
	name = extract_truth(code, name_key, name_del)
	
	pop_key = 'Total population&lt;/dt&gt;&lt;dd&gt;'
	pop_del = '&lt;'
	pop = extract_truth(code, pop_key, pop_del)
	
	if not 1 &lt; len(pop) &lt; 9:
		pop = 'not available'

	print('\n' + name)
	print('Population:', pop, '\n')
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

== Chapter 15 ==

===Exercise 15.1 ===
&lt;syntaxhighlight lang = &quot;python&quot;&gt;
import math

class Point(object):
	&quot;&quot;&quot;represents a point in 2-D space&quot;&quot;&quot;

def distance(p1, p2):
	distance = math.sqrt((p2.x - p1.x)**2 + (p2.y - p1.y)**2)
	return distance

p1 = Point()
p2 = Point()

p1.x = 3
p1.y = 2
p2.x = 4
p2.y = 3

print(distance(p1, p2))
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

===Exercise 15.3 ===
&lt;syntaxhighlight lang = &quot;python&quot;&gt;

import copy

def move_rectangle(rec, dx, dy):
    &quot;&quot;&quot; does a deep copy and return the newRec with changes applied &quot;&quot;&quot;
    newRec = copy.deepcopy(rec)
    newRec.corner.x += dx
    newRec.corner.y += dy

    return newRec

&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

== Chapter 16 ==

=== Exercise 16.1 ===
&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;python&quot;&gt;
def print_time(t):
    print '%.2d:%.2d:%.2d' % (t.hour, t.minute, t.second)
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

or
&lt;syntaxhighlight lang = &quot;python&quot;&gt;
# Solution for Python3
# More on string formatting: http://docs.python.org/py3k/library/string.html#formatspec

def print_time(t):
    # 0 is a fill character, 2 defines the width
    print('{}:{:02}:{:02}'.format(t.hour, t.minute, t.second))
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

=== Exercise 16.2 ===
&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;python&quot;&gt;
def is_after(t1, t2):
    return (t1.hour, t1.minute, t1.second) &gt; (t2.hour, t2.minute, t2.second)
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

=== Exercise 16.3 ===
&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;python&quot;&gt;
# Comment not by the author: This will give a wrong result, if (time.second + seconds % 60) &gt; 60

def increment(time, seconds):

    n = seconds/60
    time.second += seconds - 60.0*n
    time.minute += n

    m = time.minute/60
    time.minute -= m*60
    time.hour += m
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

or
&lt;syntaxhighlight lang = &quot;python&quot;&gt;
# Solution for Python3
# Replace '//' by '/' for Python2

def increment(time, seconds):
	time.second += seconds
	time.minute += time.second//60
	time.hour += time.minute//60
	
	time.second %= 60
	time.minute %= 60
	time.hour %= 24
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang = &quot;python&quot;&gt;
# A different way of going about it

def increment(time, seconds):
    # Converts total to seconds, then back to a readable format
    time.second = time.hour*3600 + time.minute*60 + time.second + seconds
    (time.minute, time.second) = divmod(time_in_seconds, 60)
    (time.hour, time.minute) = divmod(time.minute, 60)
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

=== Exercise 16.4 ===
&lt;syntaxhighlight lang = &quot;python&quot;&gt;
# Solution for Python3
# Replace '//' by '/' for Python2

from copy import deepcopy

def increment(time, seconds):
	r = deepcopy(time)
	
	r.second += seconds
	r.minute += r.second//60
	r.hour += r.minute//60
	
	r.second %= 60
	r.minute %= 60
	r.hour %= 24

	return r
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

=== Exercise 16.5 ===
&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;python&quot;&gt;
class Time(object):
    &quot;&quot;&quot;represents the time of day.
        attributes: hour, minute, second&quot;&quot;&quot;

time = Time()
time.hour = 11
time.minute = 59
time.second = 30

def time_to_int(time):
    minutes = time.hour * 60 + time.minute
    seconds = minutes * 60 + time.second
    return seconds

def int_to_time(seconds):
    time = Time()
    minutes, time.second = divmod(seconds, 60)
    time.hour, time.minute = divmod(minutes, 60)
    return time

def increment(time, addtime):
    seconds = time_to_int(time)
    return int_to_time(seconds + addtime)

def print_time (x):
    print 'The time is %.2d : %.2d : %.2d' % (x.hour, x.minute, x.second)
print_time (time)

newtime = increment (time, 70)

print_time (newtime)

&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

=== Exercise 16.6 ===
&lt;syntaxhighlight lang = &quot;python&quot;&gt;
def time_to_int(time):
	minutes = time.hour * 60 + time.minute
	seconds = minutes * 60 + time.second
	return seconds

def int_to_time(seconds):
	time = Time()
	minutes, time.second = divmod(seconds, 60)
	time.hour, time.minute = divmod(minutes, 60)
	return time

def mul_time(time, factor):
	seconds = time_to_int(time)
	seconds *= factor
	seconds = int(seconds)
	return int_to_time(seconds)
	
def average_pace(time, distance):
	return mul_time(time, 1/distance)
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

=== Exercise 16.7 ===
Write a class definition for a Date object that has attributes ''day'', ''month'' and ''year''. Write a function called ''increment_date'' that takes a Date object, ''date'', and an integer, ''n'', and returns a new Date object that represents the day ''n'' days after ''date''. Hint: “Thirty days hath September...” Challenge: does your function deal with leap years correctly? See ''wikipedia.org/wiki/Leap_year''.

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang = &quot;python&quot;&gt;
class Date(object):
	&quot;&quot;&quot;represents a date.
	attributes: day, month, year&quot;&quot;&quot;

def print_date(date):
	# German date format

	print('{}.{}.{}'.format(date.day, date.month, date.year))

def is_leap_year(year):
        # http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leap_year#Algorithm

	if year % 4 == 0:
		if year % 100 == 0:
			if year % 400 == 0:
				return True
			return False
		return True
	return False

def month_list(year):
	if is_leap_year(year):
		return [31, 29, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31]
	return [31, 28, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31]

def days_of_year(year):
	if is_leap_year(year):
		return 366
	return 365

def date_to_int(date):
	days = 0
	for year in range(1, date.year):
		days += days_of_year(year)
	
	month_days = month_list(date.year)
	for month in range(1, date.month):
		days += month_days[month - 1]
	
	days += date.day - 1
	return days

def int_to_date(days):
	date = Date()
	
	date.year = 1
	next_days = 365
	while days &gt;= next_days:
		date.year += 1
		days -= next_days
		next_days = days_of_year(date.year)
		
	date.month = 1
	next_days = 31
	month_days = month_list(date.year)
	while days &gt;= next_days:
		date.month += 1
		days -= next_days
		next_days = month_days[date.month - 1]
	
	date.day = days + 1
	return date

def increment_date(date, n):
	days = date_to_int(date)
	return int_to_date(days + n)

d1 = Date()
d1.day, d1.month, d1.year = 8, 3, 2012
print_date(d1)

d2 = increment_date(d1, 7)
print_date(d2)
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

=== Exercise 16.8 ===
1. Use the ''datetime'' module to write a program that gets the current date and prints the day of the week.
&lt;syntaxhighlight lang = &quot;python&quot;&gt;
from datetime import date

def current_weekday():
	i = date.today()
	print i.strftime('%A')

current_weekday()
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
2. Write a program that takes a birthday as input and prints the user’s age and the number of days, hours, minutes and seconds until their next birthday.
&lt;syntaxhighlight lang = &quot;python&quot;&gt;
# Python3 solution. Replace &quot;input&quot; by &quot;raw_input&quot; for Python2.
from datetime import datetime

def time_until_birthday():
    dob_input = input(('Please enter the date of your birth in '
                       'the format &quot;mm/dd/yyyy&quot;: '))
    dob = datetime.strptime(dob_input, '%m/%d/%Y')
    now = datetime.now()
    if now &gt; datetime(now.year, dob.month, dob.day):
        age = now.year - dob.year
        next_year = True
    else:
        age = now.year - dob.year - 1
        next_year = False
    time_to_birthday = datetime(now.year + next_year,
                                dob.month, dob.day) - now
    days = time_to_birthday.days
    hours, remainder = divmod(time_to_birthday.seconds, 3600)
    minutes, seconds = divmod(remainder, 60)
    print(&quot;\nYou are {} years old.&quot;.format(age))
    print((&quot;You have {0} days, {1} hours, {2} minutes and {3} &quot;
           &quot;seconds left until your next birthday.&quot;).format(
               days, hours, minutes, seconds))

time_until_birthday()
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

== Chapter 17 ==

=== Exercise 17.8 ===

2.

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;python&quot;&gt;
from visual import scene, sphere

scene.range = (256, 256, 256)
scene.center = (128, 128, 128)

t = range(0, 256, 51)

for x in t:
    for y in t:
        for z in t:
            pos = x, y, z
            color = (x/255., y/255., z/255.)
            sphere(pos=pos, radius=10, color=color)
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

3. Download http://thinkpython.com/code/color_list.py and use the function ''read_colors'' to generate a list of the available colors on your system, their names and RGB values. For each named color draw a sphere in the position that corresponds to its RGB values.

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;python&quot;&gt;
# As there currently (2013-04-12) is no function read_colors in color_list.py
# I use a workaround and simply import the variable COLORS from color_list.py.
# I then use the function all_colors() on COLORS to get a list of the colors.

from color_list import COLORS
from visual import scene, sphere

def all_colors(colors_string=COLORS):
    &quot;&quot;&quot;Extract a list of unique RGB-tuples from COLORS.
    The tuples look like (r, g, b), where r, g and b are each integers in
    [0, 255].
    &quot;&quot;&quot;

    # split the string into lines and remove irrelevant lines
    lines = colors_string.split('\n')[2:-2]  

    # split the individual lines and remove the names
    numbers_only = [line.split()[:3] for line in lines]
    
    # turn strings into ints and rgb-lists into tuples
    rgb_tuples = [tuple([int(s) for s in lst]) for lst in numbers_only]

    # return a list of unique tuples
    return list(set(rgb_tuples))

def make_spheres(color_tuples=all_colors()):
    scene.range = (256, 256, 256)
    scene.center = (128, 128, 128)
    for (r, g, b) in color_tuples:
        sphere(pos=(r, g, b), radius=7, color=(r/255., g/255., b/255.))

if __name__ == '__main__':
    make_spheres()
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

== Chapter 3.5 ==

===calculator===
&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;python&quot;&gt;
#recursion or recursive
print &quot;\n	INDEX\n&quot;&quot;\n	C=1 for addition\n&quot;&quot;\n	C=2 for substraction\n&quot;&quot;\n	
C=3 for multiplication\n&quot;&quot;\n	C=4 for division\n&quot;&quot;\n	C=5 for to find modulus\n&quot;&quot;\n	C=6 to find factorial\n&quot;
C=input(&quot;Enter your choice here: &quot;)
def add(x,y):
	c=x+y
	print x,&quot;+&quot;,y,&quot;=&quot;,c
def sub(x,y):
	c=x-y
	print x,&quot;-&quot;,y,&quot;=&quot;,c
def mul(x,y):
	c=x*y
	print x,&quot;*&quot;,y,&quot;=&quot;,c
def div(x,y):
	c=x/y
	print x,&quot;/&quot;,y,&quot;=&quot;,c
def mod(x,y):
	c=x%y
	print x,&quot;%&quot;,y,&quot;=&quot;,c
if C==6:
	def f(n):
		if n==1:
			print n
			return n
		else:
			print n,&quot;*&quot;,
			return n*f(n-1)
	n=input(&quot;enter your no here: &quot;)
	print f(n)
if C==1:
	a=input(&quot;Enter your first no here: &quot;)
	b=input(&quot;Enter your second no here: &quot;)
	add(a,b)
elif C==2:
	a=input(&quot;Enter your first no here: &quot;)
	b=input(&quot;Enter your second no here: &quot;)
	sub(a,b)
elif C==3:
	a=input(&quot;Enter your first no here: &quot;)
	b=input(&quot;Enter your second no here: &quot;)
	mul(a,b)
elif C==4:
	a=input(&quot;Enter your first no here: &quot;)
	b=input(&quot;Enter your second no here: &quot;)	
	div(a,b)
elif C==5:
	a=input(&quot;Enter your first no here: &quot;)
	b=input(&quot;Enter your second no here: &quot;)
	mod(a,b)
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

===palindrome===
&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;python&quot;&gt;
def first(word):
	return word[0]
def last(word):return word[-1]
def middle(word):
	return word[1:-1]
def palindrome(word):
	if first(word)==last(word):
		word = middle(word)
		n=len(word)
		if n&lt;2:
			print &quot;palindrome&quot;
		else:		
			return palindrome(word)
	else:
		print &quot;not palindrome&quot;


word=raw_input(&quot;Enter the  string:&quot;)
palindrome(word)
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

===sum of all digits===
&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;python&quot;&gt;
def sum_of_n_numbers(number):
	if(number==0):
		return 0
	else:
		return number + sum_of_n_numbers(number-1)
num = raw_input(&quot;Enter a number:&quot;)
num=int(num)
sum = sum_of_n_numbers(num)
print sum
###another answer in case of while loops
def sum_of_Digits(number):
	sum=0
	while number&gt;0:
		digit=number%10
		sum=sum+digit
		number=number/10
	return sum
num=raw_input(&quot;enter the number&quot;)
num=int(num)
sum_of_digits=sum_of_Digits(num)
print sum_of_digits 
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

=== Exercise 18.5 ===
&lt;syntaxhighlight lang = &quot;python&quot;&gt;
class Card(object):
	
	suit_names = ['Clubs', 'Diamonds', 'Hearts', 'Spades']
	rank_names = [None, 'Ace', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', 
					'8', '9', '10', 'Jack', 'Queen', 'King']
			
	def __init__(self, suit = 0, rank = 2):
		self.suit = suit
		self.rank = rank
	
	def __str__(self):
		return '%s of %s' % (Card.rank_names[self.rank], 
							Card.suit_names[self.suit])
							
	def __cmp__(self, other):
		c1 = (self.suit, self.rank)
		c2 = (other.suit, other.rank)
		return cmp(c1, c2)
		
	def is_valid(self):
		return self.rank &gt; 0
		
class Deck(object):
	
	def __init__(self, label = 'Deck'):
		self.label = label
		self.cards = []
		for i in range(4):
			for k in range(1, 14):
				card = Card(i, k)
				self.cards.append(card)
				
	def __str__(self):
		res = []
		for card in self.cards:
			res.append(str(card))
		print self.label
		return '\n'.join(res)
		
		
	def deal_card(self):
		return self.cards.pop(0)
		
	def add_card(self, card):
		self.cards.append(card)
	
	def shuffle(self):
		import random
		random.shuffle(self.cards)
		
	def sort(self):
		self.cards.sort()
		
	def move_cards(self, other, num):
		for i in range(num):
			other.add_card(self.deal_card())
	
	def deal_hands(self, num_hands, num_cards):
		if num_hands*num_cards &gt; 52:
			return 'Not enough cards.'
		
		l = []
		
		for i in range(1, num_hands + 1):
			hand_i = Hand('Hand %d' % i)
			self.move_cards(hand_i, num_cards)
			l.append(hand_i)
		
		return l

class Hand(Deck):
	
	def __init__(self, label = ''):
		self.cards = []
		self.label = label

# 18-6, 1-4:
class PokerHand(Hand):
	
	def suit_hist(self):
		self.suits = {}
		for card in self.cards:
			self.suits[card.suit] = self.suits.get(card.suit, 0) + 1
		return self.suits
		
	def rank_hist(self):
		self.ranks = {}
		for card in self.cards:
			self.ranks[card.rank] = self.ranks.get(card.rank, 0) + 1
		return self.ranks
	
	def P(self):
		self.rank_hist()
		for val in self.ranks.values():
			if val &gt;= 2:
				return True
		return False
	
	def TP(self):
		self.rank_hist()
		count = 0
		for val in self.ranks.values():
			if val == 4:
				return True
			elif val &gt;= 2 and val &lt; 4:
				count += 1
		return count &gt;= 2
		
	def TOAK(self):
		self.rank_hist()
		for val in self.ranks.values():
			if val &gt;= 3:
				return True
		return False
	
	def STRseq(self):
		seq = []
		l = STRlist()
		self.rank_hist()
		h = self.ranks.keys()
		h.sort()
		if len(h) &lt; 5:
			return []
		
		# Accounts for high Aces:
		if 1 in h:
			h.append(1)
		
		for i in range(5, len(h)+1):
			if h[i-5:i] in l:
				seq.append(h[i-5:i])
		return seq
	
	def STR(self):
		seq = self.STRseq()
		return seq != []

	def FL(self):
		self.suit_hist()
		for val in self.suits.values():
			if val &gt;= 5:
				return True
		return False

	def FH(self):
		d = self.rank_hist()
		keys = d.keys()
		
		for key in keys:
			if d[key] &gt;= 3:
				keys.remove(key)
				for key in keys:
					if d[key] &gt;= 2:
						return True
		return False
		
	def FOAK(self):
		self.rank_hist()
		for val in self.ranks.values():
			if val &gt;= 4:
				return True
		return False
		
	def SFL(self):
		seq = self.STRseq()
		if seq == []:
			return False
		for list in seq:
			list_suits = []
			for index in list:
				for card in self.cards:
					if card.rank == index:
						list_suits.append(card.suit)
			list_hist = histogram(list_suits)
			for key in list_hist.keys():
				if list_hist[key] &gt;= 5:
					return True
		return False
				
	def classify(self):
		self.scores = []
		hands = ['Pair', 'Two-Pair',
		'Three of a Kind', 'Straight',
		'Flush', 'Full House',
		'Four of a Kind', 'Straight Flush']
		if self.P():
			self.scores.append(1)
		if self.TP():
			self.scores.append(2)
		if self.TOAK():
			self.scores.append(3)
		if self.STR():
			self.scores.append(4)
		if self.FL():
			self.scores.append(5)
		if self.FH():
			self.scores.append(6)
		if self.FOAK():
			self.scores.append(7)
		if self.SFL():
			self.scores.append(8)
		if self.scores != []:
			return hands[max(self.scores)-1]
	
def STRlist():
	s = []
	for i in range(0,9):
		s.append(range(1,14)[i:i+5])
	s.append([10,11,12,13,1])	
	return s

def histogram(l):
	d = dict()
	for k in range(len(l)):
		d[l[k]] = 1 + d.get(l[k],0)
	return d

# 18-6, 5:
def p(config = '', trials = 10000, n = 1):
	&quot;&quot;&quot;Estimates probability that the
	nth dealt hand will be config. A hand
	consists of seven cards.&quot;&quot;&quot;
	
	successes = 0
	
	for i in range(1, trials + 1):
		deck = Deck('Deck %d' % i)
		deck.shuffle()
		
		box = Hand()
		deck.move_cards(box, (n-1)*7)
		
		hand = PokerHand('Poker Hand %d' % i)
		deck.move_cards(hand, 7)
		if hand.classify() == config:
			successes += 1
	
	return 1.0*successes/trials

#Iterate until first desired config.:
if __name__ == '__main__':
	
	c = 1
	
	while True:
		deck = Deck()
		deck.shuffle()
		hand = PokerHand('Poker Hand %d' % c)
		deck.move_cards(hand, 5)
		print hand
		print hand.SFL()
		if hand.SFL():
			print hand.STRseq()
			break
		print ''
		c += 1

Code by Victor Alvarez
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

== Appendix B ==

=== Exercise B.1 ===

Read the Wikipedia page on Big-Oh notation and answer the following questions:

1. ''What is the order of growth of n³ + n²? What about 1000000n³ + n²? What about n³ + 1000000n²?''
:A: All are O(n³) 
2. ''What is the order of growth of (n² + n) · (n + 1)? Before you start multiplying, remember that you only need the leading term.''
:A: O(n³)
3. ''If f is in O(g), for some unspecified function g, what can we say about af + b, where a and b are constants?''
:A: a and b are also O(g) since O-notation uses the leading coefficient. Constants are O(1), so they are irrelevant in this case.
4. ''If f1 and f2 are in O(g), what can we say about f1 + f2?''
:A: Assuming the author means that g in this problem is separate from g the last problem, then O(g) remains unchanged. 
5. ''If f1 is in O(g) and f2 is in O(h), what can we say about f1 + f2?''
:A: f1 + f2 may or may not match the higher order of growth of either O(g) and O(h). If f1 or f2 are the leading coefficients, then f1 + f2 will have the same order of growth as the the largest order of growth of either O(g) or O(h). If that is not the case, then any information about order of growth of f1 + f2 is unknown to us. i.e. It doesn't matter that they are being added.
6. ''If f1 is in O(g) and f2 is O(h), what can we say about f1 · f2?''
:A: This is different. If f1 and f2 are multiplied (and assuming they each contain an n in them) then O(f1 · f2) has to be O(n) or larger. It could be larger if f1 is n³, for example, but it must at least be O(n).  


=== Exercise B.3 ===

Write a function called ''bisection'' that takes a sorted list and a target value and returns the index of the value in the list, if it’s there, or ''None'' if it’s not.

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang = &quot;python&quot;&gt;
from bisect import bisect_left

def bisection(sorted_list, item):
    i = bisect_left(sorted_list, item)
    if i &lt; len(sorted_list) and sorted_list[i] == item:
        return i
    else:
        return None

if __name__ == '__main__':
    a = [1, 2, 3]
    print(bisection(a, 2))  # expect 1
    b = [1, 3]
    print(bisection(b, 2))  # expect None
    c = [1, 2]
    print(bisection(c, 3))  # expect None
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

{{BookCat}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Template:User groups</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>216545</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4653429</id>
      <parentid>4610304</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-09T20:41:32Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Codename Noreste</username>
        <id>3441010</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>The autoreviewed user page is separate now.</comment>
      <origin>4653429</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1445" sha1="dv3wzo0883o29qkra35l40qlhk0sn0z" xml:space="preserve">{{navbox
| name = User groups
| title = [[Wikibooks:User groups|User groups]]
| listclass = hlist
| above = 
| group1 = Local
| list1 = {{flatlist|1=
* [[Wikibooks:Account creators|Account creators]]
* ''[[Wikibooks:Autoconfirmed users|Autoconfirmed users]]''
* [[Wikibooks:Autoreviewed users|Autoreviewed users]]
* [[Wikibooks:Bots|Bots]]
* ''[[Wikibooks:Confirmed users|Confirmed users]]''
* [[Wikibooks:Importers|Importers/import uploaders]]
* [[Wikibooks:IP block exemption|IP block exempt]]
* [[Wikibooks:Pseudo-bots|Pseudo-bots]]
* [[Wikibooks:Reviewers|Reviewers]]
* [[Wikibooks:Temporary account IP viewer|Temporary account IP viewer]]s
* [[Wikibooks:Uploaders|Uploaders]]
}}
----
{{flatlist|1=
* [[Wikibooks:Administrators|Administrators]]
* [[Wikibooks:Bureaucrats|Bureaucrats]]
* [[Wikibooks:CheckUser|CheckUsers]]
* [[Wikibooks:Interface administrators|Interface administrators]]
* [[Wikibooks:Oversight|Suppressors (oversighters)]]
}}
| group2 = Global
| list2 = {{flatlist|1=
* [[:m:Abuse filter helpers|Abuse filter helpers]]/[[:m:Abuse filter maintainers|maintainers]]
* [[:m:Global rollback|Global rollbackers]]
* [[:m:Global sysops|Global sysops]]
* [[:m:Ombuds commission|Ombuds]]
* [[:m:Stewards|Stewards]]
* [[:m:System administrators|System administrators]]
}}
| below = 
}}&lt;includeonly&gt;{{{category|[[Category:User groups|{{PAGENAME}}]]}}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;[[Category:Information templates|{{PAGENAME}}]]&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>dv3wzo0883o29qkra35l40qlhk0sn0z</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Chinese (Mandarin)/Everyday Phrases</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>218470</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4653400</id>
      <parentid>3809545</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-09T14:50:50Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>一隻北極熊</username>
        <id>3609960</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Yes and No */</comment>
      <origin>4653400</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3003" sha1="nlxitxt1r7q3lehjspuz762irss2c65" xml:space="preserve">There are several phrases that may be useful to learn if you are going to visit China.  All phrases have the Chinese characters as well as the pinyin spelling and tone intonation next to them.  Pinyin is the convention officially adopted in China for transcribing Chinese characters into Western-style alphabet.

== Greetings ==
* 你好 - ''[[Pinyin/Vocabulary#N|nǐ hǎo]]'' - How are you; hello.
* 很好 - ''[[Pinyin/Vocabulary#H|hěn]] [[Pinyin/Vocabulary#H|hǎo]]'' - Very well.
* 我还不错 - ''[[Pinyin/Vocabulary#W|wǒ]] [[Pinyin/Vocabulary#H|hái]] [[Pinyin/Vocabulary#B|bùcuò]]'' - I'm OK (not bad).
* 幸会 - ''[[Pinyin/Vocabulary#X|xìnghuì]]'' - Very pleased to meet you (polite/formal address).
* 早上好 - ''[[Pinyin/Vocabulary#Z|zǎoshang hǎo]]'' - Good morning.
* 早安 - ''[[Pinyin/Vocabulary#Z|zǎo'ān]]'' - Good morning; have a peaceful morning. 
* 晚上好 - ''[[Pinyin/Vocabulary#W|wǎnshang hǎo]]'' - Good evening.
* 晚安 - ''[[Pinyin/Vocabulary#W|wǎn'ān]]'' - Good evening / Good night; have a peaceful evening.
* 欢迎 - ''[[Pinyin/Vocabulary#H|huānyíng]]'' - Welcome.

== Yes and No ==
* 是 - ''shi4'' - Yes; is so (literally: &quot;is&quot;)
* 对 - ''dui4'' - Yes; that's correct (literally: &quot;correct&quot;).
* 不 - ''bu4'' - Not.
* 不是 - ''bu4shi4'' - Is not (literally: &quot;not is&quot;).
* 唯 - ''wei3'' - Yes/Hello (only used when answering the phone).
*要，谢谢- ''Yao4, xie4 xie5.''(literally: &quot;have, thank you&quot;).

== Please and Thank You ==
* 请 -  ''qǐng'' - please (do something).
* 拜托 - ''bai4tuo1'' - please (informal).
* 谢谢 - ''xièxie'' - Thank you.
* 多谢 - ''duo1xie4'' - Thanks a lot.
* 太客气 - ''tai4ke4qi'' - You are too courteous (polite).
* 不敢当 - ''bu4gan3dang1'' - Thank you/''I dare not accept the honor'' (chivalrous, harking a former age).
* 不客气 - ''bu4ke4qi'' - You are welcome/''no need for formalities''. 
* 别客气 - ''bié kèqi'' - You are welcome/''no need for formalities''.
* 不谢 - ''bu2xie4'' - Not at all/no need to thank me.
* 不用谢 - ''bu2yong4xie4'' - Not at all/no need to thank me.
* 理当的 - ''li3dang1de'' - Certainly (it's only proper)/''&quot;courtesy demands it&quot;'' (formal).
* 哪里 - ''na3li3'' - Not at all (informal).

== Getting Attention ==
* 对不起 - ''dui4buqi3'' - Excuse me.

== Apology ==
* 对不起 - ''dui4buqi'' - Sorry.
* 很对不起 - ''hen3dui4buqi3'' - Very sorry.

== Farewells ==
* 再见 - ''zai4jian4'' - Goodbye; see you again.
* 明天见 - ''ming2tian1jian4''- See you tomorrow.
* 回头见 - ''hui2tou2jian4'' - See you.
* 拜拜 - ''baibai'' - Borrowed from English, Bye Bye.

== Praise ==
* 恭喜 - ''gong1xi3'' - Congratulations

== Toast ==
* 干杯 - ''gan1bei1'' - Cheers; bottom's up.

== Finding the Bathroom ==
* 请问厕所在哪儿? - ''qing3wen4 ce4suo3 zai4 nar3'' - Excuse me (may I ask), where is the toilet?
* 请问洗手间在哪里? - ''qing3wen4 xi3shou3jian1 zai4 na3li3'' - Excuse me (may I ask), where is the washroom?

{{BookCat}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>User:Tommy Kronkvist</title>
    <ns>2</ns>
    <id>222668</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4653476</id>
      <parentid>4653245</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-10T09:51:07Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Tommy Kronkvist</username>
        <id>107268</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Added date for edit summary.</comment>
      <origin>4653476</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="2098" sha1="4q9i7yl6rd96s82f303my4aeuctbcvk" xml:space="preserve">&lt;div style=&quot;margin: 0 0 1em 0;&quot;&gt;{{userpage}}&lt;/div&gt;
{{Userboxtop|toptext=Babel:}}
{{user language|sv|N}}{{user language|en|4}}{{user language|de|2}}{{user language|la|1}}
{{userboxbreak|toptext=WikiProjects:}}
{{User Chess}}
{{Userboxbottom}}
[[File:Sorbus torminalis Trunk and canopy.jpg|thumb|200px|left]]&lt;br /&gt;
Most of my wiki contributions are made to [[:species:Main Page|Wikispecies]] where I'm an administrator, bureaucrat and interface admin,&lt;small&gt;&lt;sup&gt;[https://species.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ListUsers&amp;limit=1&amp;username=Tommy_Kronkvist (verify)]&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/small&gt; as administrator and interface ditto at the Swedish version of [[wikivoyage:sv:Huvudsida|Wikivoyage]]&lt;small&gt;&lt;sup&gt;(&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[https://sv.wikivoyage.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ListUsers&amp;limit=1&amp;username=Tommy_Kronkvist verify]&lt;/span&gt;)&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/small&gt; and to the Swedish Wikimedia Chapter [[WMSE:|Wikimedia Sverige]], where I'm also an admin.&lt;small&gt;&lt;sup&gt;(&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[https://se.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Användare&amp;limit=1&amp;username=Tommy_Kronkvist verify]&lt;/span&gt;)&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/small&gt;

I've made a total of [[:meta:Special:CentralAuth/Tommy_Kronkvist|396,100 edits]] to 153 different Wikimedia sister projects, since August 2008 when I first registered my user account. (Data per July&amp;nbsp;10, 2026.)

Swedish is my mother tongue&amp;nbsp;– even though I was born in Finland&amp;nbsp;– but I feel fairly comfortable speaking and writing English and some German as well. Odd as it may seem, unfortunately I can't speak any Finnish.

My family name consists of two parts: ''kron'' – a short form of the Swedish word ''krona'' meaning 'crown', as in coronation crown or tree crown – and ''kvist'', meaning 'bough' or 'twig'. Hence the name ''Kronkvist'' refers to a twig in the canopy of a forest. I'm the fourth generation of Kronkvist's. Before that our family name was ''Mattus'', dating back from at least 1637. I've lived all over Sweden (for example in Stockholm and in the Gothenburg area) but nowadays reside in Uppsala, the fourth biggest city and former capital of Sweden.</text>
      <sha1>4q9i7yl6rd96s82f303my4aeuctbcvk</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Template:Protection templates</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>230240</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4653480</id>
      <parentid>2267388</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-10T11:47:17Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Atcovi</username>
        <id>1015207</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>remove</comment>
      <origin>4653480</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1217" sha1="qcmhdbgoae4r00zpwqmq8us27xwf4gp" xml:space="preserve">{| class=&quot;ombox ombox-protection&quot; style=&quot;font-size:90%; text-align: center; margin:auto;&quot;
|-
!colspan=&quot;5&quot; | {{Tnavbar-header|[[:Category:Protection templates|Protection templates]]|Protection templates}}
|-
|rowspan=&quot;8&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align: top;&quot;|[[Image:Padlock.svg|40px|link=|alt=]]
|style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| {{tlx|pp-meta}}
! Full
! Semi
! Move
|-
!style=&quot;text-align: right;&quot;| Dispute:
| {{tlx|pp-dispute}} || {{N/A}} || {{tlx|pp-move-dispute}}
|-
!style=&quot;text-align: right;&quot;| Vandalism: 
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | {{tlx|pp-vandalism}} || {{tlx|pp-move-vandalism}}
|-
!style=&quot;text-align: right;&quot;| High visibility templates and images:
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | {{tlx|pp-template}} || {{N/A}}
|-
!style=&quot;text-align: right;&quot;| User talk of blocked user:
| {{tlx|pp-usertalk}} || {{tlx|pp-semi-usertalk}} || {{N/A}}
|-
!style=&quot;text-align: right;&quot;| Generic (other protection):
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |{{tlx|pp-protected}} || {{tlx|pp-move}}
|-
!style=&quot;text-align: right;&quot;| Discussion page information: 
| {{tlx|permprot}} || {{tlx|temprot}} || {{N/A}}
|-
|}&lt;noinclude&gt;
&lt;!-- If you add more rows, then you need to increase the 'rowspan=&quot;??&quot;' in the beginning of this table. --&gt;
[[Category:Template namespace templates|{{PAGENAME}}]]
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>qcmhdbgoae4r00zpwqmq8us27xwf4gp</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Wikibooks:Reviewers</title>
    <ns>4</ns>
    <id>245222</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4653424</id>
      <parentid>4637971</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-09T20:33:24Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Codename Noreste</username>
        <id>3441010</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Will move this to its own page.</comment>
      <origin>4653424</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3781" sha1="7vnyvqx8xdb2v3oktpqvv9zsxbz0a7i" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Wikibooks Reviewer.svg|150px|right]]
{{shortcut|WB:R}}
'''Reviewers''' are users who can [[WB:REVIEW|review page revisions]]. [[Wikibooks:Administrators|Administrators]] can also review pages. Reviewers are also given the ability to [[WB:ROLL|rollback]] changes in combating vandalism, and various other abilities.

When you can satisfy the [[#Automatic criteria|automatic criteria]], you should receive the reviewer permission automatically. Otherwise, you can [[Wikibooks:Requests for permissions|manually request]] it; please provide a reasonable argument for manual requests. The reviewer permission is only given manually to those in certain [[Wikibooks:Global rights policy|global roles]] (such as stewards, global sysops, and global rollbackers), or if autopromotion appears to have [[#failure|failed]], or for other compelling reasons. Otherwise, if any pages require reviewing, non-reviewers can request this at the [[Wikibooks:Reading room/Assistance|assistance reading room]].

There are currently [[Special:ListUsers/editor|'''{{NUMINGROUP:editor}}''' reviewers]] on the English Wikibooks.  As of 2026, about 70% of these accounts are inactive.

== Abilities ==

The main rights given are the following:

* Edit protected pages (semi protected) &lt;code&gt;(editsemiprotected)&lt;/code&gt;
* Have one's own edits automatically marked as &quot;reviewed&quot; &lt;code&gt;(autoreview)&lt;/code&gt;
* Mark revisions as being &quot;reviewed&quot; &lt;code&gt;(review)&lt;/code&gt;
* Not be affected by IP-based rate limits &lt;code&gt;(autoconfirmed)&lt;/code&gt;
* Not create redirects from source pages when moving pages &lt;code&gt;(suppressredirect)&lt;/code&gt;
* Quickly rollback the edits of the last user who edited a particular page &lt;code&gt;(rollback)&lt;/code&gt;
* View the [[Special:UnreviewedPages|list of unreviewed pages]] &lt;code&gt;(unreviewedpages)&lt;/code&gt;

== Automatic criteria ==

You should ''automatically'' get reviewer tools when/if you meet the following criteria:

*Have a registered account that is ''at least'' 30 days old, with either an email set and confirmed in [[Special:Preferences]], or already holding the [[WB:autoreviewed users|autoreviewed]] user right.
*Have never been blocked, and have never had the reviewer tools removed (you can [[WB:RFP|request the tools]] if otherwise).
*Have ''at least'' 100 edits since registration (excluding deleted edits), in which:
**50 or more edits are to pages other than discussion pages, including edits to the main space, Cookbook, and Wikijunior.
**50 or more [[WB:ES|edit summaries]] are used.
**10 or more unique pages are edited ''at least'' once.
**8 edits are spaced 2 or more days apart from each other (which takes ''at least'' 14 days, if you edit every 2 days).
***This does not mean that 8 consecutive edits must be spaced 2 or more days apart from each other to meet this criterion.
**5 or more edits are in [[WB:RC|recent changes]] at the time automatic reviewer promotion is checked (this works out to be anytime in the past week).

===Note===
{{anchor|failure}}
{{Tracked|T237191|resolved}}
On one extended occasion from June 2019 until September 2020, autopromotion stopped working. The bug was tracked at Wikimedia Phabricator, and was officially closed as ''resolved'' (see the link at right).

If autopromotion fails to occur, registered users who appear to satisfy the automatic criteria but have not been promoted should instead [[Wikibooks:Requests for permissions|apply for manual promotion]].

==See also==
* [[Help:Tracking changes#Reviewing pages|How to review]]
* [[Special:ListUsers/editor|Current users in the Reviewer group]]
* [[Wikibooks:FlaggedRevs Extension|Reviewing system's configuration information]]
* [[mw:Extension:FlaggedRevs]]
* [https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=flaggedrevs.php Server configuration file]

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{{shortcut|WB:R}}
'''Reviewers''' are users who can [[WB:REVIEW|review page revisions]]. [[Wikibooks:Administrators|Administrators]] can also review pages. Reviewers are also given the ability to [[WB:ROLL|rollback]] changes in combating vandalism, and various other abilities.

When you can satisfy the [[#Automatic criteria|automatic criteria]], you should receive the reviewer permission automatically. Otherwise, you can [[Wikibooks:Requests for permissions|manually request]] it; please provide a reasonable argument for manual requests. The reviewer permission is only given manually to those in certain [[Wikibooks:Global rights policy|global roles]] (such as stewards, global sysops, and global rollbackers), or if autopromotion appears to have [[#failure|failed]], or for other compelling reasons. Otherwise, if any pages require reviewing, non-reviewers can request this at the [[Wikibooks:Reading room/Assistance|assistance reading room]].

There are currently [[Special:ListUsers/editor|'''{{NUMINGROUP:editor}}''' reviewers]] on the English Wikibooks.  As of 2026, about 70% of these accounts are inactive.

== Abilities ==

The main rights given are the following:

* Edit protected pages (semi protected) &lt;code&gt;(editsemiprotected)&lt;/code&gt;
* Have one's own edits automatically marked as &quot;reviewed&quot; &lt;code&gt;(autoreview)&lt;/code&gt;
* Mark revisions as being &quot;reviewed&quot; &lt;code&gt;(review)&lt;/code&gt;
* Not be affected by IP-based rate limits &lt;code&gt;(autoconfirmed)&lt;/code&gt;
* Not create redirects from source pages when moving pages &lt;code&gt;(suppressredirect)&lt;/code&gt;
* Quickly rollback the edits of the last user who edited a particular page &lt;code&gt;(rollback)&lt;/code&gt;
* View the [[Special:UnreviewedPages|list of unreviewed pages]] &lt;code&gt;(unreviewedpages)&lt;/code&gt;

In addition, reviewers also have an increased rate limit of moving 100 pages per minute.&lt;ref&gt;Per [https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=InitialiseSettings.php InitialiseSettings.php].&lt;/ref&gt;
== Automatic criteria ==

You should ''automatically'' get reviewer tools when/if you meet the following criteria:

*Have a registered account that is ''at least'' 30 days old, with either an email set and confirmed in [[Special:Preferences]], or already holding the [[WB:autoreviewed users|autoreviewed]] user right.
*Have never been blocked, and have never had the reviewer tools removed (you can [[WB:RFP|request the tools]] if otherwise).
*Have ''at least'' 100 edits since registration (excluding deleted edits), in which:
**50 or more edits are to pages other than discussion pages, including edits to the main space, Cookbook, and Wikijunior.
**50 or more [[WB:ES|edit summaries]] are used.
**10 or more unique pages are edited ''at least'' once.
**8 edits are spaced 2 or more days apart from each other (which takes ''at least'' 14 days, if you edit every 2 days).
***This does not mean that 8 consecutive edits must be spaced 2 or more days apart from each other to meet this criterion.
**5 or more edits are in [[WB:RC|recent changes]] at the time automatic reviewer promotion is checked (this works out to be anytime in the past week).

===Note===
{{anchor|failure}}
{{Tracked|T237191|resolved}}
On one extended occasion from June 2019 until September 2020, autopromotion stopped working. The bug was tracked at Wikimedia Phabricator, and was officially closed as ''resolved'' (see the link at right).

If autopromotion fails to occur, registered users who appear to satisfy the automatic criteria but have not been promoted should instead [[Wikibooks:Requests for permissions|apply for manual promotion]].


== Notes ==
&lt;references/&gt;

== See also==
* [[Help:Tracking changes#Reviewing pages|How to review]]
* [[Special:ListUsers/editor|Current users in the Reviewer group]]
* [[Wikibooks:FlaggedRevs Extension|Reviewing system's configuration information]]
* [[mw:Extension:FlaggedRevs]]
* [https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=flaggedrevs.php Server configuration file]

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        <id>3441010</id>
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{{shortcut|WB:R}}
'''Reviewers''' are users who can [[WB:REVIEW|review page revisions]]. [[Wikibooks:Administrators|Administrators]] can also review pages. Reviewers are also given the ability to [[WB:ROLL|rollback]] changes in combating vandalism, and various other abilities.

When you can satisfy the [[#Automatic criteria|automatic criteria]], you should receive the reviewer permission automatically. Otherwise, you can [[Wikibooks:Requests for permissions|manually request]] it; please provide a reasonable argument for manual requests. The reviewer permission is only given manually to those in certain [[Wikibooks:Global rights policy|global roles]] (such as stewards, global sysops, and global rollbackers), or if autopromotion appears to have [[#failure|failed]], or for other compelling reasons. Otherwise, if any pages require reviewing, non-reviewers can request this at the [[Wikibooks:Reading room/Assistance|assistance reading room]].

There are currently [[Special:ListUsers/editor|'''{{NUMINGROUP:editor}}''' reviewers]] on the English Wikibooks.  As of 2026, about 70% of these accounts are inactive.

== Abilities ==

The main rights given are the following:

* Edit protected pages (semi protected) &lt;code&gt;(editsemiprotected)&lt;/code&gt;
* Have one's own edits automatically marked as &quot;reviewed&quot; &lt;code&gt;(autoreview)&lt;/code&gt;
* Mark revisions as being &quot;reviewed&quot; &lt;code&gt;(review)&lt;/code&gt;
* Not be affected by IP-based rate limits &lt;code&gt;(autoconfirmed)&lt;/code&gt;
* Not create redirects from source pages when moving pages &lt;code&gt;(suppressredirect)&lt;/code&gt;
* Quickly rollback the edits of the last user who edited a particular page &lt;code&gt;(rollback)&lt;/code&gt;
* View the [[Special:UnreviewedPages|list of unreviewed pages]] &lt;code&gt;(unreviewedpages)&lt;/code&gt;

In addition, reviewers also have an increased rate limit of moving 100 pages per minute.&lt;ref&gt;Per [https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=InitialiseSettings.php InitialiseSettings.php].&lt;/ref&gt;
== Automatic criteria ==

You should ''automatically'' get reviewer tools when/if you meet the following criteria:

*Have a registered account that is ''at least'' 30 days old, with either an email set and confirmed in [[Special:Preferences]], or already holding the [[WB:autoreviewed users|autoreviewed]] user right.
*Have never been blocked, and have never had the reviewer tools removed (you can [[WB:RFP|request the tools]] if otherwise).
*Have ''at least'' 100 edits since registration (excluding deleted edits), in which:
**50 or more edits are to pages other than discussion pages, including edits to the main space, Cookbook, and Wikijunior.
**50 or more [[WB:ES|edit summaries]] are used.
**10 or more unique pages are edited ''at least'' once.
**8 edits are spaced 2 or more days apart from each other (which takes ''at least'' 14 days, if you edit every 2 days).
***This does not mean that 8 consecutive edits must be spaced 2 or more days apart from each other to meet this criterion.
**5 or more edits are in [[WB:RC|recent changes]] at the time automatic reviewer promotion is checked (this works out to be anytime in the past week).

===Note===
{{anchor|failure}}
{{Tracked|T237191|resolved}}
On one extended occasion from June 2019 until September 2020, autopromotion stopped working. The bug was tracked at Wikimedia Phabricator, and was officially closed as ''resolved'' (see the link at right).

If autopromotion fails to occur, registered users who appear to satisfy the automatic criteria but have not been promoted should instead [[Wikibooks:Requests for permissions|apply for manual promotion]].

== Notes ==
&lt;references/&gt;

== See also==
* [[Help:Tracking changes#Reviewing pages|How to review]]
* [[Special:ListUsers/editor|Current users in the Reviewer group]]
* [[Wikibooks:FlaggedRevs Extension|Reviewing system's configuration information]]
* [[mw:Extension:FlaggedRevs]]
* [https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=flaggedrevs.php Server configuration file]

{{user groups}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Diablo Canyon Nuclear Power Plant: The WikiBook</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <timestamp>2026-07-10T09:11:51Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Kai Burghardt</username>
        <id>153973</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>set {{[[Template: shelves|shelves]]|[[:Category: Shelf:Political activism|Shelf:Political activism]]|[[:Category: Shelf:Nuclear engineering|Shelf:Nuclear engineering]]}}, set {{[[Template: reading level|reading level]]|professional}} because I find the first /* Background */ part incredibly difficult to read and follow [without consulting other sources, other texts at the same time ⇒ this textbook is written for professionals]</comment>
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[[Image:Diablo canyon nuclear power plant.jpg|600px|center]]
{{center|[[/Intro/|Introduction to the Fukushima Aftermath series at Wikibooks]]}}

== Table of Contents ==
{{reading level|professional}}

=== Front Matter ===

# [[Diablo Canyon Nuclear Power Plant: The WikiBook/Preface|Preface]]
# [[Diablo Canyon Nuclear Power Plant: The WikiBook/Introduction|Introduction]]

=== Background ===

# [[Diablo Canyon Nuclear Power Plant: The WikiBook/Nuclear power plants made simple|Nuclear power plants made simple]]
# [[/Light water reactor/|Light water (LW) nuclear reactor construction]]
# [[/Boiling water reactor/|LW Reactor type: Boiling water reactor (Fukushima)]]
# [[Diablo Canyon Nuclear Power Plant: The WikiBook/Passive nuclear safety|Passive nuclear safety]]
# [[/Nuclear reactor core/|Structure:Nuclear reactor core]]
# [[/Containment building/|Structure:Containment building]]&lt;!---===[[/ Chemistry/|Basic nuclear chemistry]]===---&gt;
&lt;!---Too general moved to FA...Delete redirect---&gt;
&lt;!---====[[/Radiation/]]====---&gt;
&lt;!---* [[/Uranium/]]---&gt;
&lt;!-----* [[/Uranium oxide/]]---&gt;
&lt;!--* [[/Caesium-137/]]---&gt;
&lt;!----==[[/Fukushima Daichii Power Plant/|Fukushima Daichii Power Plant]]==-----&gt;
&lt;!---different plant not necessarily relevant for this book---&gt;
&lt;!-------------===[[/Chernobyl/]]===--------&gt;
&lt;!----------------[[File:Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant.jpg| Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant memorial.]][[File:No nuclear.jpg]]------&gt;
=== History of protest and policy debates ===
# [[/Anti nuclear movement/|Anti nuclear movement: Overview]]
# [[/US Anti-nuclear protests/|USA protests]]
# [[/Anti-nuclear movement in California/|California protests]]
# [[Diablo Canyon Nuclear Power Plant: The WikiBook/Abalone Alliance|Abalone Alliance]]
# [[/Dark Circle (Anti-nuclear Film)/|Documentary film &quot;Dark Circle&quot;]]

=== The Devil Went Down to Fukushima ===

# [[/The 2011 Japan Earthquakes/|The earthquake from hell Part 1]]
# [[/The 2011 Japan Earthquakes 2/|The nighmare continues: Part 2]]
# [[/The Tsunami/|Tsunami horror]]
# [[/Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster/|Japan's diabolical nuclear accident]]&lt;!--* [[/Tokyo Electric Power Company/|TEPCO: The devil is in the details]]---&gt;
&lt;!--* [[/IAEA corrects false report/| Typical under reported SNAFU: IAEA corrects false report]]---&gt;
=== Post-Fukushima response ===

# [[Diablo Canyon Nuclear Power Plant: The WikiBook/Union of Concerned Scientists|Union of Concerned Scientists]]
# [[Diablo Canyon Nuclear Power Plant: The WikiBook/Alliance for Nuclear Responsibility Overview|Alliance for Nuclear Responsibility Overview]]
# [[Diablo Canyon Nuclear Power Plant: The WikiBook/Mothers for Peace|Mothers for Peace]]
# [[Diablo Canyon Nuclear Power Plant: The WikiBook/Sierra Club|Sierra Club]]
# [[Diablo Canyon Nuclear Power Plant: The WikiBook/June 2011 NRC Safety Report|June 2011 NRC Safety Report]]&lt;!----====[[/Reagan Proclamation/|Reagan on nuclear medicine]]====---&gt;
&lt;!--- so what ... not relevant ---http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=34003#axzz1NWnchcth on nuke ---&gt;
&lt;!--====[[/Fukushima Daini Nuclear Power Plant/| TEPCO's Daini reactor]]====--&gt;
&lt;!---====[[/Bush Proclamation/]]====--&gt;

&lt;!---* [[/J. Samuel Walker|Appendix: NRC Historian J Samuel Walker]]---&gt;=== Diablo Canyon Nuclear Plant ===

# [[/DCPP/|Diablo Canyon Power Plant Overview]]
# [[/The company/|Pacific Gas and Electric]]
# [[Diablo Canyon Nuclear Power Plant: The WikiBook/June 2011 NRC Safety Report|June 2011 NRC Safety Report]]
# [[Diablo Canyon Nuclear Power Plant: The WikiBook/Overview of DCPP earthquake issues|Overview of DCPP earthquake issues]]
# [[Diablo Canyon Nuclear Power Plant: The WikiBook/San Andreas Fault|San Andreas Fault]]
# [[Diablo Canyon Nuclear Power Plant: The WikiBook/Shoreline Fault|Shoreline Fault]]&lt;!---The first earthquake fault to raise public concern to heightened levels of anxiety was the Hosgri which was discovered before the plant was built.---&gt;
&lt;!--- As a result extensive seismic retrofits were implemented. Some contend that those retrofits were sufficient to deal with potential consequences ---&gt;
&lt;!---of the Shoreline fault, which was discovered more recently.---&gt;
:
&lt;!-----=== Public debates by topic =======Earthquake vulnerability========Security issues========Radiologic environmental impacts====-----&gt;
&lt;!----===== Health========= Agriculture========= Wildlife =======Highlights of public debate=======March 2011====--&gt;
&lt;!------====[[Fukushima Aftermath: Diablo Nuclear Redux?/Maddow]]====------&gt;
&lt;!------------March 22, 2011 Rachel Maddow blasts DCPP [[http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/26315908/vp/42222780#42222780]]-------&gt;
&lt;!-----------In her heated talk, interspersed with the sound of a cashregister, she goes through a litany of putative human error.----&gt;&lt;!---*[[/Mothers for Peace/]] this page is linked below under NGO's ----&gt;
=== The Diablo Controversy ===

# [[/Public participation and protest/|Public Participation and Protest]]
# [[/Lois Capps/|U.S. Representative Lois Capps]]
#*[[/Lois Capps action B/|Action: Capps letter re ASLB]]

#[[/Barbara Boxer/|U.S.Senator Barbara Boxer]]
#*[[/Boxer June162011/|Senator Boxer statement of June 16, 2011]]

# [[/Sam Blakeslee/|State Senator Sam Blakeslee, Ph.D.]]
# [[/Blakeslee Seismologist to US Senate/|Blakeslee Testimony before US Senate]]
# [[/Bernie Sanders/|US Senator Bernie Sanders (D-Vt.)]]&lt;!---====US Representative Markey (D-Mass.)====---&gt;
&lt;!--* [[/&quot;Fukushima Fallout&quot; Senator Markey/]]---&gt;
&lt;!---** [[/Markey report page 16/]]---&gt;
&lt;!---** [[/Markey report page 17/]]---&gt;
&lt;!---** [[/Markey report page 18/]]---&gt;
=== [[Diablo Canyon Nuclear Power Plant: The WikiBook/Afterword|Afterword]] ===

=== Appendices ===

* [[Diablo Canyon Nuclear Power Plant: The WikiBook/Acknowledgements|Acknowledgements]]
* [[Diablo Canyon Nuclear Power Plant: The WikiBook/Contributors|Contributors]]

==See also==

* [[Fukushima Aftermath]]
* [[Fukushima Aftermath: Diablo Nuclear Redux?]]
* [[Fukushima Aftermath: Whither the Indian Point Nuke?]]

{{shelves|nuclear engineering|political activism}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Diablo Canyon Nuclear Power Plant: The WikiBook/Nuclear reactor core</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>252420</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4653477</id>
      <parentid>4382624</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-10T10:00:02Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Kai Burghardt</username>
        <id>153973</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>fix some typos, expand {{[[Template: abbr|abbr]]}}eviations and use short form for wordy phrases, remove trailing blank</comment>
      <origin>4653477</origin>
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      <text bytes="2515" sha1="t4lk3wcrg80vli7dh6jeui8hbvvaqhr" xml:space="preserve">{{Nav}}[[Image:Wwer-1000-scheme.png|thumb|Example of the core of a nuclear power plant, a {{abbr|VVER|vodo-vodyanoi enyergeticheskiy reaktor}} design.]]
A nuclear reactor core is the portion of a nuclear reactor containing the nuclear fuel components where the nuclear reactions take place.

== Description ==
The nuclear reactor core (also referred to as the &quot;reactor core&quot;, or the &quot;core&quot;) is the region within a nuclear reactor where the nuclear fuel assemblies are located and the nuclear reaction consequently takes place.

== Water-moderated reactors ==
Inside the core of a typical {{abbr|PWR|pressurized water reactor}} or {{abbr|BWR|boiling water reactor}} are pencil-thin nuclear fuel rods, each about 12&amp;nbsp;{{abbr|ft|feet}} long, which are grouped by the hundreds in bundles called &quot;fuel assemblies&quot;. Inside each fuel rod, pellets of uranium, or more commonly uranium oxide, are stacked end to end. Also inside the core are control rods, filled with pellets of substances like boron or hafnium or cadmium that readily capture neutrons. When the control rods are lowered into the core, they absorb neutrons, which thus cannot take part in the chain reaction. Conversely, when the control rods are lifted out of the way, more neutrons strike the fissile {{abbr|U|₉₂uranium}}&amp;#x2011;235 or {{abbr|Pu|₉₄plutonium}}&amp;#x2011;239 nuclei in nearby fuel rods, and the chain reaction intensifies.

The heat of the fission reaction is removed by the water, which also acts to moderate the neutron reactions.

An alternative form of nuclear fuel would be fissile {{abbr|U|₉₂uranium}}&amp;#x2011;233 made by the neutron-bombardment of the common {{abbr|Th|₉₀thorium}}&amp;#x2011;232.

== Graphite-moderated reactors ==
[[Image:MSRE Core.JPG|right|200px|thumb|Graphite Molten-Salt Reactor Experiment core]]
There are also graphite moderated reactors in use.

One type uses solid graphite for the neutron moderator and ordinary water for the coolant. This was the type of reactor involved in the Chernobyl disaster. 

In the advanced gas-cooled reactor, a British design, the core is made of a graphite neutron moderator where the fuel assemblies are located. {{abbr|CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;|carbon dioxide}}{{abbr|&lt;sub&gt;(g)&lt;/sub&gt;|gas}} acts as a coolant and it circulates through the graphite removing heat.

There have also been several experimental reactors that use graphite for moderation, such as the pebble bed reactor concepts and the molten-salt reactor experiment (graphite core shown on the right).

{{BookCat}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Diablo Canyon Nuclear Power Plant: The WikiBook/Passive nuclear safety</title>
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      <id>4653457</id>
      <parentid>4382623</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-10T05:09:15Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Kai Burghardt</username>
        <id>153973</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>remove numerous incomplete dewikification remnants, add {{[[Template:abbr|abbr]]}} to everything because I cannot remember this many new acronyms at once, use American English spelling [b/c Diablo Canyon], fix some typos but not all, unify source code style [here, no space around headings], update some URLs, resolve [[Category: CS1 errors: unrecognized parameter]], [[Category:CS1 errors: missing periodical]], [[Category: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list]], [[Category:CS1 maint: location]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="24212" sha1="1n0pd6vihuse2mtfrvp2o2cyav4at65" xml:space="preserve">{{Nav}}'''Passive nuclear safety''' is a safety feature of a nuclear reactor that does not require operator actions or electronic feedback in order to shut down safely in the event of a particular type of emergency (usually overheating resulting from a loss of coolant or loss of coolant flow). Such reactors tend to rely more on the engineering of components such that their predicted behavior according to known laws of physics would slow, rather than accelerate, the nuclear reaction in such circumstances. This is in contrast to some older reactor designs, where the natural tendency for the reaction was to accelerate rapidly from increased temperatures, such that either electronic feedback or operator triggered intervention was necessary to prevent damage to the reactor.

==Terminology==
Terming a reactor 'passively safe' is more a description of the strategy used in maintaining a degree of safety, than it is a description of the level of safety. Whether a reactor employing passive safety systems is to be considered safe or dangerous will depend on the criteria used to evaluate the safety level. This said, modern reactor designs have focused on increasing the amount of passive safety, and thus most passively-safe designs incorporate both active and passive safety systems, making them substantially safer than older installations. They can be said to be &quot;relatively safe&quot; compared to previous designs.

Reactor vendors like to call their new generation reactors 'passively safe' but this term is sometimes confused with 'inherently safe' in the public perception. It is very important to understand that there are no 'passively safe' reactors or 'passively safe' systems, only 'passively safe' ''components of safety systems'' exist. Safety systems are used to maintain control of the plant if it goes outside normal conditions in case of anticipated operational occurrences or accidents, while the control systems are used to operate the plant under normal conditions. Sometimes a system combines both features.  Passive safety refers to safety system components, whereas inherent safety refers to control system process regardless of the presence or absence of safety specific subsystems.

As an example of a safety system with 'passively safe' components, let us consider the containment of a nuclear reactor. 'Passively safe' components are the concrete walls and the steel liner, but in order to fulfill its mission active systems have to operate, e.&amp;#x202F;g. valves to ensure the closure of the piping leading outside the containment, feedback of reactor status to external instrumentation and control (I&amp;#x202F;&amp;amp;&amp;#x202F;C) both of which may require external power to function.

The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) classifies the degree of &quot;passive safety&quot; of components from category A to D depending on what the system does not make use of:&lt;ref name=&quot;tecdoc626&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|id=IAEA-TECDOC-626|issn=1011-4289|location=Vienna, Austria|url=https://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/publications/PDF/te_626_web.pdf|title=Safety related terms for advanced nuclear plants|publisher={{abbr|IAEA|International Atomic Energy Agency}}|date=September 1991|pages=1–20|journal=Technical document}}&lt;/ref&gt;
#no moving working fluid
#no moving mechanical part
#no signal inputs of 'intelligence'
#no external power input or forces

In category A (1 – 4) the fuel cladding uses none of these: It is always closed and keeps the fuel and the fission products inside and is not open before arriving at the reprocessing plant.  In category B (2 – 4) is the surge line, which connects the hot leg with the pressurizer and helps to control the pressure in the primary loop of a {{abbr|PWR|pressurized water reactor}} and uses a moving working fluid when fulfilling its mission.  In category C (3,&amp;nbsp;4) is the accumulator, which does not need signal input of 'intelligence' or external power. Once the pressure in the primary circuit drops below the set point of the spring loaded accumulator valves, the valves open and water is injected into the primary circuit by compressed nitrogen.  In category D (4 only) is the {{tooltip|SCRAM|emergency shutdown; no agreement whether it is a meaningful acronym}} which utilizes moving working fluids, moving mechanical parts and signal inputs of 'intelligence' but not external power or forces: the control rods drop driven by gravity once they have been released from their magnetic clamp. But nuclear safety engineering is never that simple: Once released the rod may not fulfill its mission: It may get stuck due to earthquake conditions or due to deformed core structures. This shows that though it is a passively safe system and has been properly actuated, it may not fulfill its mission. Nuclear engineers have taken this into consideration: Typically only a part of the rods dropped are necessary to shut down the reactor.  Samples of safety systems with passive safety components can be found in almost all nuclear power stations: the containment, hydro-accumulators in {{abbr|PWR|pressurized water reactor}}s or pressure suppression systems in {{abbr|BWR|boiling water reactor}}s.

In most texts on 'passively safe' components in next generation reactors, the key issue is that no pumps are needed to fulfill the mission of a safety system and that all active components (generally {{abbr|I&amp;#x202F;&amp;amp;&amp;#x202F;C|instrumentation and control}} and valves) of the systems work with the electric power from batteries.

{{abbr|IAEA|International Atomic Energy Agency}} explicitly uses the following caveat:&lt;ref name=&quot;tecdoc626&quot;/&gt;
{{quote|... passivity is not synonymous with reliability or availability, even less with assured adequacy of the safety feature, though several factors potentially adverse to performance can be more easily counteracted through passive design (public perception). On the other hand active designs employing variable controls permit much more precise accomplishment of safety functions; this may be particularly desirable under accident management conditions.}}

Nuclear reactor response properties such as ''temperature coefficient of reactivity'' and ''void coefficient of reactivity'' usually refer to the thermodynamic and phase-change response of the neutron moderator heat transfer ''process'' respectively.  Reactors whose heat transfer process has the operational property of a negative void coefficient of reactivity are said to possess an ''inherent safety'' process feature.  An operational failure mode could potentially alter the process to render such a reactor unsafe.

Reactors could be fitted with a hydraulic safety system component that increases the inflow pressure of coolant (esp. water) in response to increased outflow pressure of the moderator and coolant without control system intervention.  Such reactors would be described as fitted with such a ''passive safety'' component that could&amp;nbsp;– if so designed&amp;nbsp;– render in a reactor a negative void coefficient of reactivity, regardless of the operational property of the reactor in which it is fitted.  The feature would only work if it responded faster than an emerging (steam) void and the reactor components could sustain the increased coolant pressure.  A reactor fitted with both safety features&amp;nbsp;– if designed to constructively interact&amp;nbsp;– is an example of a safety interlock.  Rarer operational failure modes could render both such safety features useless and detract from the overall relative safety of the reactor.

==Examples of passive safety in operation==
Traditional reactor safety systems are ''active'' in the sense that they involve electrical or mechanical operation on command systems (e.&amp;#x202F;g., high-pressure water pumps). But some engineered reactor systems operate entirely passively, e.&amp;#x202F;g., using pressure relief valves to manage overpressure. Parallel redundant systems are still required. Combined ''inherent'' and ''passive'' safety depends only on physical phenomena such as pressure differentials, convection, gravity or the ''natural'' response of materials to high temperatures to slow or shut down the reaction, not on the functioning of engineered components such as high-pressure water pumps.

Current {{abbr|PWR|pressurized water reactor}}s and {{abbr|BWR|boiling water reactor}}s are systems that have been designed with one kind of passive safety feature.  In the event of an excessive-power condition, as the water in the nuclear reactor core boils pockets of steam are formed. These steam voids {{tooltip|moderate|slow down neutrons to enable neutron-induced fission}} fewer neutrons, causing the power level inside the reactor to lower.  The {{abbr|BORAX|boiling water reactor experiment}} experiments and the {{abbr|SL|stationary low-power reactor}}&amp;#x2011;1 meltdown accident proved this principle.

{{Wikipedia|Nuclear fuel response to reactor accidents}}
A reactor design whose ''inherently'' safe process directly provides a ''passive'' safety component during a specific failure condition in ''all'' operational modes is typically described as relatively fail-safe to that failure condition.&lt;ref name=&quot;tecdoc626&quot;/&gt;  However most current water cooled and moderated reactors, when {{tooltip|scrammed|shut down for safety reasons}}, can not remove residual production and decay heat without either process heat transfer or the active cooling system.  In other words, whilst the inherently safe heat transfer process provides a passive safety component preventing excessive heat in operational mode &quot;On&quot;, the same inherently safe heat transfer process ''does not'' provide a passive safety component in operational mode &quot;Off (SCRAM)&quot;.  The {{abbr|TMI|Three Mile Island accident}} exposed this design deficiency: the reactor ''and'' steam generator were &quot;Off&quot; but with loss of coolant it still suffered a partial meltdown.&lt;ref&gt;Walker, pp. 72-73&lt;/ref&gt;

Third generation designs improve on early designs by incorporating passive or inherent safety features&lt;ref&gt;http://www.uic.com.au/nip16.htm&lt;/ref&gt; which require ''no'' active controls or (human) operational intervention to avoid accidents in the event of malfunction, and may rely on pressure differentials, gravity, natural convection, or the natural response of materials to high temperatures.

In some designs the core of a fast breeder reactor is immersed into a {{tooltip|pool of liquid metal|LMFBR &amp;#x3D; liquid metal fast breeder reactor}}. If the reactor overheats, thermal expansion of the metallic fuel and cladding causes more neutrons to escape the core, and the nuclear chain reaction can no longer be sustained. The large mass of liquid metal also acts as a heatsink capable of absorbing the decay heat from the core, even if the normal cooling systems would fail.

The pebble bed reactor is an example of a reactor exhibiting an inherently safe process that is also capable of providing a passive safety component for all operational modes.  As the temperature of the ''fuel'' rises, Doppler broadening increases the probability that neutrons are captured by {{abbr|U|₉₂uranium}}&amp;#x2011;238 atoms. This reduces the chance that the neutrons are captured by {{abbr|U|₉₂uranium}}&amp;#x2011;235 atoms and initiate fission, thus reducing the reactor's power output and placing an inherent upper limit on the temperature of the fuel.  The geometry and design of the fuel pebbles provides an important passive safety component.

Single fluid fluoride molten salt reactors feature fissile, fertile and actinide radioisotopes in molecular bonds with the fluoride coolant.  The molecular bonds provide a passive safety feature in that a loss-of-coolant event corresponds with a loss-of-fuel event.  The molten fluoride fuel can not itself reach criticality but only reaches criticality by the addition of a neutron reflector such as pyrolytic graphite.  The higher density of the fuel&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation|url=http://www.springerlink.com/content/l1n1234u72143r26/fulltext.pdf?page=1|title=Density and surface tension of mixtures of molten fluorides of lithium, beryllium, thorium, and uranium|author1=Klimenkov, A. A.|author2=N. N. Kurbatov, S. P. Raspopin|author3=Yu. F. Chervinskii|journal=Atomic Energy|publisher=Springer New York|date=1986-12-01|volume=61|issue=6|page=1041}}&lt;/ref&gt; along with additional lower density {{tooltip|FLiBe|mix of lithium flouride and beryllium flouride}} coolant without fuel provides a flotation layer passive safety component in which lower density graphite that breaks off control rods or an immersion matrix during mechanical failure does not induce criticality.  Gravity driven drainage of reactor liquids provides a passive safety component.

Some reactors such as the {{abbr|LMFBR|liquid metal fast breeder reactor}} and molten salt variants use thorium fuel, which is more abundant in nature than uranium isotopes and requires no enrichment.  The difficulty of enrichment in the uranium fuel cycle provides a passive safety component against nuclear proliferation.  Neutron capture of {{abbr|Th|₉₀thorium}}&amp;#x2011;232 breeds both the fissile {{abbr|U|₉₂uranium}}&amp;#x2011;233 and trace amounts of {{abbr|U|₉₂uranium}}&amp;#x2011;232 by neutron knock-off.  Neutron cross-section and decay products of {{abbr|U|₉₂uranium}}&amp;#x2011;232 complicate designs and damage electronics if built into nuclear weapons, although {{tooltip|Operation Teapot|1955 nuclear test explosions by the US}} demonstrated its plausibility.  Isolation of {{abbr|U|₉₂uranium}}&amp;#x2011;233 from {{abbr|U|₉₂uranium}}&amp;#x2011;232 is not currently believed possible providing a partial passive safety component against nuclear proliferation.

Low power pool-type reactors such as the {{abbr|SLOWPOKE|Safe LOW-POwer Kritical Experiment}} and {{abbr|TRIGA|training, research, isotopes, general atomics}} have been licensed for ''unattended'' operation in research environments because as the temperature of the low-enriched (19.75% {{abbr|U|₉₂uranium}}&amp;#x2011;235) uranium alloy {{tooltip|hydride|compound of H with a more electropositive element}} fuel rises, the molecular bound hydrogen in the fuel cause the heat to be transferred to the fission neutrons as they are ejected.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://triga.ga.com/45years.html|title=TRIGA - 45 Years of Success|publisher=General Atomics|accessdate=2010-01-07}}&lt;/ref&gt;  This Doppler shifting or spectrum hardening&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.rcp.ijs.si/ric/safety_parameters-a.html|title=Nuclear Safety Parameters of a TRIGA reactor|location=&lt;!--Brinje 40, --&gt;Ljubljana, Slovenia|publisher=Reactor Infrastructure Centre, Jožef Stefan Institute|accessdate=2010-01-07}}&lt;/ref&gt; dissipates heat from the fuel more rapidly throughout the pool the higher the fuel temperature increases ensuring rapid cooling of fuel whilst maintaining a much lower water temperature than the fuel.  Prompt, self-dispersing, high efficiency hydrogen-neutron heat transfer rather than inefficient radionuclide-water heat transfer ensures the fuel cannot melt through accident alone.  In uranium-zirconium alloy hydride variants, the fuel itself is also chemically corrosion resistant ensuring a sustainable safety performance of the fuel molecules throughout their lifetime.   A large expanse of water and the concrete surround provided by the pool for high energy neutrons to penetrate ensures the process has a high degree of intrinsic safety.  The core is visible through the pool and verification measurements can be made directly on the core fuel elements facilitating total surveillance and providing nuclear non-proliferation safety.  Both the fuel molecules themselves and the open expanse of the pool are passive safety components.  Quality implementations of these designs are arguably the safest nuclear reactors.

==Examples of reactors using passive safety features==

{{abbr|TMI|Three Mile Island}} Unit 2 was unable to contain about 480&amp;nbsp;{{abbr|PBq|petabecquerel &amp;#x00003D; 10¹⁵ becquerel}} of radioactive noble gases from release into the environment and around 120&amp;nbsp;{{abbr|kl|kiloliter}} of radioactive contaminated cooling water from release beyond the containment into a neighboring building.  The pilot-operated relief valve at {{abbr|TMI|Three Mile Island}}&amp;#x2011;2 was designed to shut automatically after relieving excessive pressure inside the reactor into a quench tank.  However the valve mechanically failed causing the {{abbr|PORV|pilot-operated relief valve}} quench tank to fill, and the relief diaphragm to eventually rupture into the containment building.&lt;ref&gt;Walker, pp. 73-74&lt;/ref&gt;  The containment building sump pumps automatically pumped the contaminated water outside the containment building.&lt;ref&gt;Kemeny, p. 96; Rogovin, pp. 17-18&lt;/ref&gt; Both a working {{abbr|PORV|pilot-operated relief valve}} with quench tank and separately the containment building with sump provided two layers of passive safety.  An unreliable {{abbr|PORV|pilot-operated relief valve}} negated its designed passive safety.  The plant design featured only a single open/close indicator for the {{abbr|PORV|pilot-operated relief valve}} rather than separate open and close indicators.&lt;ref&gt;Rogovin, pp. 14-15&lt;/ref&gt;  This rendered the mechanical reliability of the {{abbr|PORV|pilot-operated relief valve}} indeterminate directly, and therefore its passive safety status indeterminate. The automatic sump pumps and/or insufficient containment sump capacity negated the containment building designed passive safety.

The notorious {{abbr|RBMK|reaktor bolshoy moshchnosti kanalnyy}} graphite moderated, water cooled reactors of Chernobyl Power Plant disaster were designed with a positive void coefficient with boron control rods on electromagnetic grapples for reaction speed control.  To the degree that the control systems were reliable, this ''design'' did have a corresponding degree of ''active'' inherent safety.  The reactor was unsafe at low power levels because erroneous control rod movement would have a counter-intuitively magnified effect.  Chernobyl Reactor 4 was built instead with manual crane driven boron control rods that were tipped with the moderator substance, graphite, a neutron reflector.  It was designed with an Emergency Core Cooling System (ECCS) that depended on either grid power or the backup diesel generator to be operating.  The {{abbr|ECCS|emergency core cooling system}} safety component was decidedly not passive.   The design featured a partial containment consisting of a concrete slab above and below the reactor&amp;nbsp;– with pipes and rods penetrating, an inert gas filled metal vessel to keep oxygen away from the water cooled hot graphite, a fire-proof roof, and the pipes below the vessel sealed in secondary water filled boxes.  The roof, metal vessel, concrete slabs and water boxes are examples of passive safety components.  The roof in the Chernobyl Power Plant complex was made of bitumen&amp;nbsp;– against design&amp;nbsp;– rendering it ignitable.  Unlike the {{abbr|TMI|Three Mile Island}} accident, neither the concrete slabs nor the metal vessel could contain a steam, graphite and oxygen driven hydrogen explosion.  The water boxes could not sustain high pressure failure of the pipes.  The passive safety components as designed were inadequate to fulfill the safety requirements of the system.

The General Electric Company ESBWR (Economic Simplified Boiling Water Reactor, a {{abbr|BWR|boiling water reactor}} is a design reported to use passive safety components.  In the event of coolant loss, no operator action is required for three days.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.gepower.com/about/press/en/2005_press/092605a.htm|title=GE'S advanced ESBWR nuclear reactor chosen for two proposed projects|publisher=GE Energy|accessdate=2010-01-07}}&lt;/ref&gt;

The Westinghouse Electric Company AP-1000 (&quot;AP&quot; standing for &quot;Advanced Passive&quot;) is a design reported to use passive safety components.  In the event of an accident, no operator action is required for 72 hours.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://ap1000.westinghousenuclear.com/ap1000_nui_pv.html|title=Westinghouse AP1000|publisher=Westinghouse|accessdate=2010-01-07}}&lt;/ref&gt;

The integral fast reactor was a fast breeder reactor run by the Argonne National Laboratory. It was a sodium cooled reactor capable of withstanding a loss of (coolant) flow without {{tooltip|SCRAM|emergency shutdown; no agreement if it is an acronym and what it stood for}} and loss of heatsink without {{tooltip|SCRAM|emergency shutdown}}. This was demonstrated throughout a series of safety tests in which the reactor successfully shut down without operator intervention. The project was canceled due to proliferation concerns before it could be copied elsewhere.

The Molten-Salt Reactor Experiment was a molten salt reactor run by the Oak Ridge National Laboratory.  It was a fluoride salt cooled reactor in which the fuel molecules function also as a molten fluoride salt coolant.  It featured thermochemical freeze valves in which the molten salt was actively cooled to freezing point by air in flattened sections of the Hastelloy-N salt piping to block flow.  If the reactor vessel developed excessive heat or if electric power was lost to the air cooling, then the fuel and coolant could thermochemically penetrate the valve into drain tanks away from the neutron reflector becoming sub-critical enroute for passive or active water cooling.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal| author1= P.N. Haubenreich|author2=J.R. Engel|title=Experience with the Molten-Salt Reactor Experiment| journal= Nuclear Applications and Technology| year= 1970| pages=118–136| volume=8 |url=http://www.energyfromthorium.com/pdf/NAT_MSREexperience.pdf| format=PDF, reprint}}&lt;/ref&gt; During testing, it was observed that about 6–10% of the calculated 54&amp;nbsp;{{abbr|Ci|curie}}/day (2.0&amp;nbsp;{{abbr|TBq|terabecquerel}}/day) production of tritium diffused out of the fuel system into the containment cell atmosphere and another 6–10% reached the air through the heat removal system.&lt;ref name=&quot;Briggs&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |author=R.B. Briggs |title=Tritium in Molten-Salt Reactors |journal=Reactor Technology |volume=14 |pages=335–42 |date=Winter 1971–72}}&lt;/ref&gt; Inhalation of 70&amp;nbsp;{{abbr|GBq|gigabecquerel}} of tritium is equivalent to an adult human dose of 3&amp;nbsp;{{abbr|Sv|sievert}}&lt;ref name=&quot;nrc_effluent_doses&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/doc-collections/reg-guides/power-reactors/rg/01-109/01-109.pdf|title=USNRC Regulatory Guide 1.109 - Calculation of annual doses to man from routine releases of reactor effluents|publisher=USNRC|date=October 1977|accessdate=2010-04-27}}&lt;/ref&gt; in which 50% of cases would be expected to die within 30 days. The fluoride salt molecular bond passive safety component failed to prevent tritium production from fission thus presenting a proliferation risk.  The fluoride salt molecular bonds did not prevent tritium from leaking into the containment.

The fleet of {{abbr|BWR|boiling water reactor}}s and {{abbr|PWR|pressurized water reactor}}s operating within the last 10 years{{clarify|reason=which last 10 years}} in the United States have reported on 42 occasions  a quarterly average daily tritium emission level of more than 22&amp;nbsp;{{abbr|mCi|millicurie}}/day (70&amp;nbsp;{{abbr|GBq|gigabecquerel}}/day) from a power plant.&lt;ref name=&quot;nrc_effluent_record&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.reirs.com/effluent/EffluentDB_Desc.asp|title=NRC Effluent Database for Nuclear Power Plants|accessdate=2010-04-27|publisher=USNRC}}&lt;/ref&gt;    During the first quarter of 2001 Palo Verde Unit 1 released on average 9&amp;nbsp;{{abbr|Ci|curie}}/day (333&amp;nbsp;{{abbr|GBq|gigabecquerel}}/day) tritium gas.&lt;ref name=&quot;nrc_effluent_record&quot;/&gt; The passive safety component of water as neutron moderator failed to prevent excessive tritium gas (hydrogen with 2&amp;nbsp;neutrons) from being released from the plant as gas for dilution with air rather than water diluted tritiated water.  Inhalation of tritium is absorbed at almost twice the rate as ingested tritium.&lt;ref name=&quot;nrc_effluent_doses&quot;/&gt;

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

==External links==
*[https://www-formal.stanford.edu/jmc/progress/nuclear-faq.html FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS ABOUT NUCLEAR ENERGY]

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There are currently [[Special:ListUsers/autoreview|'''{{NUMINGROUP:autoreview}}''' autoreviewed users]] on the English Wikibooks.</text>
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    <title>United States Postage Meter Stamp Catalog/GROUP PC – Digital stamps generated by personal computer software or online</title>
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[[United_States_Postage_Meter_Stamp_Catalog |&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;''&lt;u&gt;Click here to return to the United States Postage Meter Stamp Catalog&lt;/u&gt;''&lt;/span&gt;]]

{{font/top|size=3|color=#08457E}}
'''NOTE''': ''All the stamps listed here are valid only on the date generated. PC stamps with unrestricted validity, i.e. savable for future use, are more like traditional stamps than meter stamps and thus are not cataloged here. PC stamps with unrestricted validity are cataloged in '''&lt;i&gt;USA: Variable Denomination Stamps (1989-2020)&lt;/i&gt;''' by Karim Roder (available on Amazon).''

* Group PC stamps can vary considerably in size, font styles, and color within the same stamp type depending on personal printer settings, available fonts, etc. Size variations or colors other than black are unusual but are user controlled variables (an attempt will be made to note said varieties in the usage lists).

* The stamps are found on plain paper and adhesive labels depending on what the user has in his printer. Self-adhesive labels are sold by the various PC stamp companies and also by outside vendors. These labels exist both with and without fluorescent tagging. As with color and font, paper or label type is a user controlled variable, however to a great extent the parameters are set by United States Postal Service ( see: https://postalpro.usps.com/parcellabelingguide). It is recommended that the collector save the '''entire label'''.

* PC stamps are often found in a frame at the top right of large address labels. To the left of the stamp is a smaller frame containing a large letter or number representing the class of mail. Codes found are: &quot;'''1'''&quot; (first class), &quot;'''fcm'''&quot; (first class), &quot;'''P'''&quot; (priority), &quot;'''E'''&quot; (express), &quot;'''M'''&quot; (media), &quot;'''T'''&quot; (parcel post), solid block (media, or other), &quot;'''H'''&quot; (Hazardous), &quot;'''G'''&quot; (Ground Advantage), &quot;'''X'''&quot; (Media). Not all the codes are found with all the stamp types that use the labels.

* 2-Dimensional barcodes occur in two major types and several subtypes:
::::: PDF417 A horizontally stacked 2-dimensional barcode, each consists of  2 punctuators, 2 indicators and a variable number of data blocks.

::::::  subvariety PDF417(4) has 4 datablocks [[File: PDF417-224.png|right|250px]]


::::::  subvariety PDF417(6) has 6 datablocks [[File: PDF417-226.png|right|275px]]


::::::  subvariety PDF417(7) has 7 datablocks [[File: PDF417-227.png|right|300px]]


::::::  subvariety PDF417(8) has 8 datablocks [[File: PDF417-228.png|right|350px]]


::::::  subvariety PDF417(9) has 9 datablocks [[File: PDF417-229.png|right|375px]]


::::::  subvariety PDF417(12) has 12 datablocks [[File: PDF417-2212.png|right|400px]]


::::: Data matrix is a 2 dimensional barcode consisting of square or rectangular data blocks

::::::  subvariety DM-2H (&quot;'''IBI-Lite'''&quot;) has 2 datablocks arranged horizontally [[File: DM-2HZ.png|right|100px]]


::::::  subvariety DM-2V (&quot;'''IBI-Lite'''&quot;) has 2 datablocks arranged vertically [[File: DM-2VR.png|right|50px]]


::::::  subvariety DM-4 has 4 datablocks arranged as a square [[File: DM-4SQ.png|right|100px]]


* PC stamps on labels the sizes of which are recommended by the '''USPS''', the sizes are  4 inches by 6 inches ('''FS''') in two subvarieties, 4 inches by 4 inches ('''FF'''), 6 inches by 2 inches ('''ST'''), and a form for customs declaration included. Many illustrations in the listings are of size 'FS' but with only one or two of the 5 or six horizontal sections of the label.
[[File: ST size.png|right|200px]]

[[File: FS5 size.jpg|left|200px]]
[[File: FF size.png|center|200px]]


[[File: CF size.png|center|400px]]


&lt;br&gt;{{center/top}}* * *
{{font|size=3|color=red|'''''NOTE''': &lt;br&gt;Several stamps in Group Q resemble stamps in Group PC. If you don't find what you are looking for here, check there.''}}{{center/end}}

{{font/end}}
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
----

===={{font|size=4|color=#2a3439|Sub-group PC-A: Franks from E-Stamp software, ID numbers with 05#E prefix}}====

{{font/top|size=3|color=#0018A8}}
* All stamps have large, negative “e” logo at top right and &quot;PDF417&quot; bar code across the bottom with identification number at bottom right.
* &quot;US Postage&quot; and date are at top center, usually below a mail classification statement.
* Found both with and without FIM barcode at top left and also with and without slogan or directional slug at left.
* One hundred FD covers were prepared by E-Stamp in cooperation with the National Postal Museum on March 31, 1998. Trials took place for several more months. The first day of national availability was September 27, 1999.
* Although we must assume other mail classes were available, only '''First Class''', '''First-Class''', '''Priority''', and '''Priority Mail''' have been reported.
* E-stamp ceased operations at the end of 2000.
{{font/end}}


{{font|size=3|color=red|'''''NOTE''': &lt;br&gt;For information on the various types of 2 dimensional barcodes see introduction to &quot;'''Group PC'''&quot; above''}}

----

&lt;br&gt;
{{font|size=1|color=blue|''Type '''RA1a''' in 2001 edition''}}[[File: USA stamp type PC-A1 FDC stamp.jpg|right|425px]]

'''PC-A1.10.''' March 31, 1998. {{space|2}} [RR]

: This stamp is found only on the First Day Covers prepared by E-Stamp and the National Postal Museum. ({{font|size=2|''See above''}}). They were sold for $100 each.
: The value figures are large, 4mm tall. 
: With &quot;FIM&quot; barcode at top left and PDF(7) 2-D barcode across the bottom.
: Mail class: &quot;First Class&quot; ({{font|size=2|''without hyphen''}}).
: Identification number with 051E prefix.
: V/F: {{space|4}}  {{font|size=5|$0'''.'''00&lt;sup&gt;&lt;u&gt;o&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;}}  {{space|4}} ({{font|size=2|''large figures, 4mm tall''}})

'''PC-A1.11.''' 1998. {{space|2}} [RR][[File: PC-A1.11 251004.png|right|375px]]

: This stamp is found only on covers by the National Postal Museum. ({{font|size=2|''See above''}}). They were sold for $100 each.
: The value figures are smaller than on &quot;'''PC-A1.10'''&quot; but larger than on &quot;'''PC-A1.2'''&quot; ettc.
: With &quot;FIM&quot; barcode at top left and PDF(7) 2-D barcode across the bottom.
: Mail class: &quot;First Class&quot; ({{font|size=2|''with hyphen''}}).
: Identification number with 051E prefix  and about the same length as in &quot;'''PC-A1.10'''&quot;
: V/F: {{space|4}}  {{font|size=5|$0'''.'''00&lt;sup&gt;&lt;u&gt;o&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;}}  {{space|4}} ({{font|size=2|''large figures, about 3½mm tall''}})

{{font|size=1|color=blue|''Type '''RA1e''' in 2001 edition''}}[[File: USA PC-A2.jpg|right|380px]]

'''PC-A1.2.''' 1998. {{space|2}} [S]
: As Type PC-A1.1 but with smaller value figures, 2 to 3mm tall.
: With &quot;FIM&quot; barcode at top left and PDF(7) 2-D barcode across the bottom.
: &quot;e-stamp.com&quot; normally at bottom left below the barcode. 
: ID# with 051E, 052E or 053E prefix.
: V/F: {{space|4}} $0'''.'''00 {{space|4}} ({{font|size=2|''small figures, 2-3mm tall''}})

: &lt;u&gt;Mail classes&lt;/u&gt;: &lt;sup&gt;{{font|color=red|♦}}&lt;/sup&gt;
:: '''A'''.  First-Class ({{font|size=2|''with hyphen''}})
:: '''B1'''. Priority {{space|2}} [R]
:: '''B2'''. Priority Mail {{space|2}} [R]

:: '''a'''. With &quot;Additional&quot; instead of mail class above &quot;US Postage&quot; {{space|2}} [R]
:: '''b'''. With recipient's identity instead of &quot;e-stamp.com&quot; at left below bar code field {{space|2}} [RR]
:: '''c'''. With 4-digit ZIP code

{{font|color=red|♦}} {{font|size=2|&quot;Express&quot; (or &quot;Express Mail&quot;) was an option but has not been reported by collectors.}}

{{font|size=3|color=red|'''''NOTE''': &lt;br&gt;For information on the various types of 2 dimensional barcodes see introduction to &quot;'''Group PC'''&quot; above''}}


{{font|size=1|color=blue|''Types '''RA1c and d''' in 2001 edition''}}[[File: USA meter stamp PC-A1p3A.jpg|right|380px]]

'''PC-A1.3.''' {{space|2}} [S]
: As Type PC-A1.2 but value figures show decimal fractions of a cent and have wide spacing between the dollar sign and the decimal digit with the other figures.
: ID# with 051E, 052E or 053E prefix.
: With &quot;FIM&quot; barcode at top left and PDF(7) 2-D barcode across the bottom.
: The mail classes are the same as for PC-A1.2.
:: '''A'''. V/F regular: {{space|4}} ${{space|2}} 0'''.'''00{{space|2}} &lt;sup&gt;&lt;u&gt;o&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;
:: '''B'''.  V/F italic: {{space|4}} ''${{space|2}} 0'''.'''00{{space|2}} &lt;sup&gt;&lt;u&gt;o&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;''

:: '''a'''. With &quot;Additional&quot; instead of mail class above &quot;US Postage&quot; {{space|2}} [R]


{{font|size=1|color=blue|''Type '''RA1b''' in 2001 edition''}}[[File: USA meter stamp PC-A1.4A.jpg|right|535px]]

'''PC-A1.4.'''
:  As PC-A1.3B but the value figures are spaced closely together.
:  With &quot;FIM&quot; barcode at top left and PDF(12) 2-D barcode across the bottom.
:: '''A'''.  Destination town name at bottom left below the barcode, and ID# with 051E prefix {{space|4}} [RRRR]&lt;sup&gt;{{font|color=red|♦}}&lt;/sup&gt;
:: '''B'''.  &quot;e-stamp.com&quot; at bottom left below the barcode, and ID# with 053E prefix {{space|4}} [S]
: The mail classes are the same as for PC-A1.2.
: V/F italic: {{space|4}} ''$0'''.'''00&lt;sup&gt;&lt;u&gt;o&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; ''

:: '''a'''. With &quot;Additional&quot; instead of mail class above &quot;US Postage&quot; {{space|2}} [R]

{{font|color=red|♦}} {{font|size=2|Type PC-A1.4A is possibly the first E-stamp placed in use with paying customers, earlier than when PC-A1.2, PC-A1.3, and PC-A1.4B were issued.}}


{{font|size=1|color=blue|''Type '''RA2''' in 2001 edition''}}[[File: USA meter stamp PC-A2.jpg|right|380px]]

'''PC-A2.''' March 2000. {{space|2}} [S]
:  As Type PC-A1.2 but the inscriptions are larger.
: &quot;e-stamp.com&quot; at bottom left below the barcode. 
:  With PDF(7) 2-D barcode across the bottom.
:  ID# with 053E prefix.
: V/F: {{space|4}} $ 0'''.'''00

: &lt;u&gt;Mail classes&lt;/u&gt;: &lt;sup&gt;{{font|color=red|♦}}&lt;/sup&gt;
:: '''A'''. First-Class ({{font|size=2|''with hyphen''}})
:: '''B'''. Priority Mail {{space|2}} [S]

[[File: USA PC-A2a.jpg|right|380px]]
:: '''a'''. With &quot;Additional&quot; instead of mail class above &quot;US Postage&quot; ({{font|size=2|''see below''}}) {{space|2}} [R]
:: '''b'''. &quot;Mailed From ZIP Code&quot; town line with 4-digit ZIP code instead of normal 5-digit code {{space|2}} [RR]

{{font|color=red|♦}} {{font|size=2|&quot;Express&quot; (or &quot;Express Mail&quot;) was an option but has not been reported by collectors.}}


----

===={{font|size=4|color=#2a3439|Sub-group PC-B: Franks from Neopost software, ID numbers with 04#N or NO4#N prefix}}====

{{font/top|size=3|color=#0018A8}}
* The stamp designs are quite different from each other. One has a four-pointed star logo, two have a torch in hand logo, and one has no logo. Even the bar codes are dissimilar.
* Neopost was the second company to enter the PC postage business with an experimental design sometime in early 1998. Circumstances of the trial remain unknown to us.
* Stamps are found both with and without FIM barcode at top left. Examples are not known with slogan or slug.
* &lt;u&gt;Classes of mail seen on PC-B stamps&lt;/u&gt;:

::{|
| '''A.''' {{space|4}} FIRST CLASS LTR [[File:MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|35px]]

| '''F.''' {{space|4}} PRIORITY ZONE 2 [[File:MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|35px]]

| '''M.''' {{space|4}} INTL LETTER

|-

| {{space|4}}  '''Aa.''' {{space|4}} 1ST CLASS LTR

| '''G.''' {{space|4}} PRIORITY ZONE 3

| '''N.''' {{space|4}} INTL CAN LTR

|-

| '''B.''' {{space|4}} 1ST CLASS OVERSZ

| '''H.''' {{space|4}} PRIORITY ZONE 4

| '''P.''' {{space|4}} INTL MEX LTR

|-

| {{space|4}}  '''Ba.''' {{space|4}} 1ST CLASS OVSZ

| '''I.''' {{space|4}} PRIORITY ZONE 5

| '''Q.''' {{space|4}} NEXT DAY EXP MAIL

|-

| '''C'''. {{space|4}} PRIORITY MAIL

| '''J.''' {{space|4}} PRIORITY ZONE 6

| '''R.''' {{space|4}} MEDIA MAIL

|-

| '''D.''' {{space|4}} PRIORITY LOCAL

| '''K.''' {{space|4}} PRIORITY ZONE 7

|-

| '''E.''' {{space|4}} PRIORITY ZONE 1

| '''L.''' {{space|4}} PRIORITY ZONE 8

|}
* Mail classes E through L were discontinued in June 2002. Examples are exceptionally rare. Most mail classes except the First Class variations are scarce to very rare.
* Neopost PC stamps became available nationally in May 1999.

{{font|size=3|color=red|'''''NOTE''': &lt;br&gt;For information on the various types of 2 dimensional barcodes see introduction to &quot;'''Group PC'''&quot; above''}}

{{font/end}}

----
&lt;br&gt;

'''PC-B1.''' {{font|color=green|''The stamp previously cataloged here has not been found used on actual mail. For this reason the Type has been deleted and the stamp re-cataloged as Type ESY-DF2 in the Essay section.''}}


{{font|size=1|color=blue|''Type '''RC1''' in 2001 edition''}}[[File: USA PC-D1.jpg|right|360px]]

'''PC-B2. ”Postage Plus”™''', '''“PC Stamp™”''', 1998. {{space|2}} [RRR]
: This too is an experimental stamp. It was first seen in live tests in and near Washington DC and parts of northern California. It was offered nationally in May 1999 but saw little use.
: The stamp was used by two different systems, &quot;Postage Plus&quot; which used a live internet connection, and &quot;PC Stamp&quot; which downloaded postage credit into a rented hardware vault. 
: The design shows at top right two horizontal bars with &quot;U.S. POSTAGE&quot; above the top one and the town line below the bottom one. Between the bars at right are a torch-in-hand logo left of small &quot;U.S. POSTAGE&quot; reading up. Also between the ars are the class of mail, the value figures (centered), and the date.
: PDF417(7) barcode across the bottom 
: With &quot;DEVICE and identification number at bottom right. 
: Meter number with N041N, N041NA, or 041N prefix.
: V/F: {{space|4}} $0'''.'''00

:: '''a'''. With &quot;CORRECTION&quot; at bottom left
:: '''b'''. With &quot;FIM&quot; baarcode at top left


{{font|size=3|color=red|'''''NOTE''': &lt;br&gt;For information on the various types of 2 dimensional barcodes see introduction to &quot;'''Group PC'''&quot; above''}}


{{font|size=1|color=blue|''Type '''RC2a''' in 2001 edition''}}[[File: USA meter stamp PC-B3.1.jpg|right|390px]]

'''PC-B3.1. “Simply Postage”™''', 1998. {{space|2}} [RR]
: Produced by an internet-connected labeling device.
: Similar to PC-B2 with torch-in-hand logo and point of sale data mixed with two horizontal bars, but otherwise quite different.
: The stamp is found only on self-adhesive labels with rounded corners and fluorescent red bar across the bottom edge.
: &quot;U.S. POSTAGE&quot; is vertical at far right just left of a double line of micro-printing reading &quot;NEOPOSTNEOPOST...&quot; vertically.
: Between the bars are the identification number, value figures, and date. Below the bottom bar is the town line, '''MAILED FROM''' and ZIP code.
: Stamp with &quot;PDF417(9)&quot; bar code.
: Meter number with N042N prefix.
: Large value figures, 4½ to 5mm tall
: V/F: {{space|4}} $Ø'''.'''ØØ ({{font|size=2|''with slashed zeros''}})


{{font|size=1|color=blue|''Type '''RC2b''' in 2001 edition''}}[[File: USA PC-D2.jpg|right|380px]]

'''PC-B3.2. “Simply Postage” '''. {{space|2}} [RR]
: As Type PC-B3.1 but the value figures have a tenths of a cent figure.
: Stamp with &quot;PDF417(9)&quot; bar code.
: Meter number with N042N prefix.
: V/F: {{space|4}}  $Ø'''.'''ØØ&lt;u&gt;ø&lt;/u&gt;


{{font|size=1|color=blue|''Type '''SA1A''' in 2001 edition''}}[[File: USA PC-F1A.jpg|right|330px]]

'''PC-B4.1. “ProMail” ''', 1998? {{space|2}} [S]
: Produced by an internet-connected labeling device.
: Also printed on self-adhesive labels this stamp is much smaller than the PC-B3 stamps and contains the point-of-sale data at left and a square &quot;Datamatrix (DM-4)&quot; bar code at right.
: Point-of-sale data have the value figures at top followed by the class of mail, '''MAILED FROM''' (ZIP code) town line, &quot;U.S. POSTAGE&quot;, date and identification number.
: Fluorescent bar at far left just outside two lines of micro-printing reading &quot;NEOPOSTNEOPOST...&quot; vertically.
: Meter number with 045N prefix.

: V/F: {{space|4}} $Ø'''.'''ØØø


{{font|size=1|color=blue|''Type '''SA1B''' in 2001 edition''}}[[File: USA PC-F1B.jpg|right|330px]]

'''PC-B4.2. “ProMail” '''. {{space|2}} [S]
: As Type PC-B4.1 but the value figures are slightly larger and the text is slightly bolder.
: square &quot;Datamatrix (DM-4)&quot; bar code at right.
: Labels have fluorescent bar at right.
: Meter number with 047N prefix.
: V/F: {{space|4}} $Ø'''.'''ØØø


{{font|size=3|color=red|'''''NOTE''': &lt;br&gt;For information on the various types of 2 dimensional barcodes see introduction to &quot;'''Group PC'''&quot; above''}}


----

===={{font|size=4|color=#2a3439|Sub-group PC-C: Franks generated by software from Stamps.com (StampMaster before 1999), ID numbers with 06#S prefix}}====


{{font/top|color=#0018A8|size=3}}
* The first stamp design has a negative {{space|1}}&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;'''S'''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;{{space|1}} in oval logo. All others contain {{space|1}}&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;'''stamps.com'''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;{{space|1}} somewhere in the design. Some time after Stamps.com acquired Endicia in November 2015 (see Sub-group PC-E) the logo {{space|1}}&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;'''stamps'''&lt;sub&gt;'''endicia'''&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;{{space|1}} came into use (see Sub-group PC-I). The individual divisions (Stamps and Endicia) have since returned to a semi-independent status.

* The stamps are found both with and without a FIM barcode at upper left.
* &lt;u&gt;Mail classes found with PC-C stamps&lt;/u&gt;:
::  {{space|4}}  FIRST CLASS, FIRST CLASS MAIL, FCI (first class international)  &lt;span style=&quot;color: red;&quot;&gt;♦&lt;/span&gt;
::  {{space|4}}  PRIORITY MAIL  &lt;span style=&quot;color: red;&quot;&gt;♦&lt;/span&gt;
::  {{space|4}}  EXPRESS MAIL  &lt;span style=&quot;color: red;&quot;&gt;♦&lt;/span&gt;
::  {{space|4}}  MEDIA MAIL &lt;span style=&quot;color: red;&quot;&gt;♦&lt;/span&gt;
: &lt;span style=&quot;color: red;&quot;&gt;♦&lt;/span&gt; Collectors should be aware that the primary mail classes are found in a multitude of variations. For example, FIRST CLASS can be found as FIRST-CLASS PKG RATE, FIRST-CLASS MAIL PARCEL, FIRST-CLASS PACKAGE INTL, USPS FIRST CLASS MAIL, etc.. We do not know them all. Please inform the catalog manager regarding something different (&quot;'''Alan Knutson, boris1951@charter.net'''&quot;) if possible also include a scan.
* The StampMaster/stamps.com system was first trialed in the Washington DC area and in parts of California sometime before August 1998. It was made available nationally on September 27, 1999.

* PC stamps on labels the sizes of which are recommended by the '''USPS''', the sizes are  4 inches by 6 inches ('''FS''') in two subvarieties, 4 inches by 4 inches ('''FF'''), 6 inches by 2 inches ('''ST'''), and a form for customs declaration included. Many illustrations in the listings are of size 'FS' but with only one or two of the 5 or six horizontal sections of the label.
[[File: ST size.png|right|200px]]

[[File: FS5 size.jpg|left|200px]]
[[File: FF size.png|center|200px]]


[[File: CF size.png|center|400px]]


{{font/end}}
&lt;br&gt;{{center/top}}* * *
{{font|size=3|color=red|'''''NOTE''': &lt;br&gt;Several stamps in Group Q resemble stamps in Group PC. If you don't find what you are looking for here, check there.''}}{{center/end}}

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

&lt;br&gt;

----
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

[[File: USMETER22041502.png|right|300px]]
{{font/top|size=2|color=red}}
'''Type Note: In the following listings, the descriptions will often include specific details regarding the mailing label &quot;'''size FS5 (with 5 horizontal boxes, A thru E) or size FS6 (with six horizontal boxes, A thru F)'''&quot;, they will referenced as follows'''
::::: Panel or Box A:  '''USPS insignia''' ('' sometimes not present'')
::::: Panel or Box B:  oftentimes subdivided  {{font|size=2|color=blue|['''USPS''' ''Service Icon/ Postage Payment'']}}
::::::: Box B1 &quot;'''F, P.'''&quot; etc,{{font|size=2|color=blue| ['''USPS''' ''Service Icon'']}}
::::::: Box B2 includes, barcode, date, identification number {{font|size=2|color=blue|['''USPS''' ''Postage Payment'']}}
::::: Panel or Box C:  Mail Class {{font|size=2|color=blue|['''USPS''' ''Service Banner'']}}
::::: Panel or Box D:  Address  {{font|size=2|color=blue|['''USPS''' ''Address and Delivery Information Segment'']}}
::::: Panel or Box E:  Tracking number/Bar code {{font|size=2|color=blue|['''USPS''' ''Intelligent Mail package barcode segment'']}}
::::: Panel or Box F:  often times blank ('' sometimes not present'') {{font|size=2|color=blue|['''USPS''' ''Additional Information and User Segment'']}}

: &lt;u&gt;''' [[/Mail class and other descriptive types/|Click here for Mail Class type description]]'''&lt;/u&gt;

{{font/end}}


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

----
&lt;br&gt;
{{font|size=1|color=blue|''Type '''RB1''' in 2001 edition''}}[[File: USA PC-C1.jpg|right|340px]]

'''PC-C1. StampMaster''', summer 1998. {{space|2}} [RRRR]
: Experimental stamp with negative “S”/Internet Postage logo at top center. 
: At top right are value figures, mail class, &quot;US POSTAGE”, and date. 
: &quot;PDF417(7)&quot; bar code across bottom with town line below at left and identification number below at right.
: Identification number with 061S prefix.
: V/F: {{space|4}} $0'''.'''00&lt;u&gt;o&lt;/u&gt;


{{font|size=3|color=red|'''''NOTE''': &lt;br&gt;For information on the various types of 2 dimensional barcodes see introduction to &quot;'''Group PC'''&quot; above''}}


{{font|size=1|color=blue|''Type '''RB2''' in 2001 edition''}}[[File: USA PC-C2.jpg|right|360px]]

'''PC-C2.1. stamps.com''', 1999.
: As Type PC-C1 but with &quot;stamps.com&quot; logo instead of the '''S''' in oval logo.
: &quot;FIM&quot; barcode at upper left
: At top right are the value figures, date, &quot;US POSTAGE&quot;, mail class, and town line.
: 2-D barcode PDF417(6} across lower portion
: &quot;STAMPS.COM&quot; is below left of the bar code.
: Identification number with 061S or 062S prefix below right of bar code.
: V/F: {{space|4}} $0'''.'''00&lt;u&gt;o&lt;/u&gt; 
[[File: USA PC-C2 redate.jpg|right|180px]]

:: '''a'''. With &quot;ADDITIONAL POSTAGE&quot; instead of class of mail below &quot;US Postage&quot;
:: '''b'''. With &quot;CORRECTION&quot; instead of class of mail below &quot;US Postage&quot;
:: '''c'''. With bottom line missing, blank below bar code
:: '''d'''. Bottom line present but without bar code
:: '''e'''. With &quot;MAIL TO:&quot; and ZIP code above left of the bar code
:: '''f'''. With nonsense characters across the bottom (''system malfunction'')

'''NOTES''':
* The &quot;stamps.com&quot; logo can vary considerably in size.
* The system could produce a re-date stamp without postage value, as shown (''right'').
* For a similar type inscribed &quot;'''Stamps /Endicia '''&quot; see &quot;'''PC-I'''&quot;


{{font|size=1|color=blue|''Type '''RB3''' in 2001 edition''}}[[File: USA PC-C3.jpg|right|360px]]
[[File: USA PC-C3 redate.jpg|right|200px]]
'''PC-C2.2.''' 2000. 
: As Type PC-C2.1 but with larger inscriptions.
: Identification number with 062S prefix below right of 2D &quot;PDF417(6)&quot; barcode.
: Town line with town, state and ZIP code or with '''MAILED FROM''' and ZIP code.
: V/F: {{space|4}} $0'''.'''00&lt;u&gt;o&lt;/u&gt;
[[File:USA stamp type PC2p2 label.jpg|right|360px]]

:: '''a'''. With &quot;ADDITIONAL POSTAGE&quot; instead of class of mail below &quot;US Postage&quot;
:: '''b'''. With &quot;CORRECTION&quot; instead of class of mail below &quot;US Postage&quot;
:: '''c'''. With bottom line missing (blank below bar code)
:: '''d'''. With &quot;MAIL TO:&quot; and ZIP code above left of the bar code
:: '''e'''. With mailer's name replacing town line
:: '''f'''. With &quot;'''FIM'''&quot; barcode at the upper left.

'''NOTES''':
* The NOTES below PC-C2.1 apply to PC-C2.2 also.
* These stamps can be printed directly to the mail piece or on labels. Stamps.com provided L-shaped labels with pink fluorescent bars along the top and right.
* For a similar type inscribed &quot;'''Stamps /Endicia '''&quot; see &quot;'''PC-I'''&quot;


[[File: USA PC-C4B.jpg|right|500px]]

'''PC-C2.3.1''' 2005.

: At top left: postage value above &quot;US POSTAGE&quot; and class of mail. 
: At top right: meter identification number with 062S prefix above &quot;FROM&quot; and ZIP code.
: &quot;Stamps.com” logo at far right of 2D &quot;PDF417(7)&quot; barcode.
: Basic stamp without framing

: V/F: {{space|4}} $(0)0'''.'''00


'''PC-C2.3.2''' 

: &quot;Stamps / Endicia” logo at far right of 2D &quot;PDF417(7)&quot; barcode.
: At top left: postage value above &quot;US POSTAGE&quot; and class of mail. 
: At top right: meter identification number with 062S prefix above &quot;FROM&quot; and ZIP code.
: Stamp at top right of address label (FS5) with large mail class indicator to its left and the class of mail spelled out below.

: V/F: {{space|4}} $(0)0'''.'''00


'''PC-C2.3.3''' 

: As '''PC-C2.3.2''', [[File: PC-C2.3.3p.png|right|500px]]
: &quot;Stamps.com” logo at far right of 2D &quot;PDF417(7)&quot; barcode.
: Stamp at top right of address label (FS5) with large mail class indicator to its left. 
: Class of mail spelled out below V/F, with type of pricing below
: At top right: meter identification number with 062S prefix above customer ID, above &quot;FROM&quot; and ZIP code.

: V/F: {{space|4}} $(0)0'''.'''00


'''PC-C2.4.1''' 2005.
:  As Type PC-C2.3 but with rate statement instead of value figures.
:  Stamps.com logo right of &quot;PDF417(7)&quot; barcode. 
: &quot;US POSTAGE &amp; FEES PAID&quot; at top left above rate statement.
:  Meter number with 062S prefix above mailer’s Zip code at top right. 
:: '''A'''. 2 lines at upper right, Meter number/zip code
::: '''1'''. Basic stamp without framing[[File: USA PC-C5A.jpg|right|400px]]


::: '''2'''. Stamp at top right of address label with large mail class indicator or solid block to its left and the class of mail spelled out below.[[File: USA PC-C5B.jpg|right|540px]]


{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Form size
! Box B1 Type
! Box C Type
! &lt;u&gt;Meter no's&lt;/u&gt;
!
! Line A type
! Line B type
! Line C type
! Date
! Zip
! City
! Notes
|-
| FS5?
| BLACK
| '''VIII'''
| 062S0005418699
| 
| A7
| B0
| C5
| 11/21/2005
| 02845 
| 
|
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''XXXIV'''
| 062S0006097059
| 
| A2
| B3
| C1
| 06/26/2015
| 40228 
| 
|
|-
| FS5
| '''1'''
| '''I'''
| 062S0005715741
|
| A6
| B3
| C1
| 09/06/2011 
| 66030 
| GARDNER, KS
| Box F split horizontally in two, &quot;Thank You&quot; in bottom half.
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''I'''
| 062S0008902567
| 
| A2
| B3
| C1
| 05/28/2014
| 19803
| Wilmington, DE
|
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''I'''
| 062S0008902567
| 
| A2
| B3
| C1
| 06/02/2014
| 19803
| Wilmington, DE
|
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''I'''
| 062S0008902567
| 
| A2
| B3
| C1
| 07/15/2014
| 19803
| Wilmington, DE
|
|-
| FS5
| '''1'''
| '''XXXIV'''
| 062S0009033522
| 
| A4
| B0
| C0
| 11/09/2016
| 57401
| Aberdeen, SD
| No tracking number in Box E
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''XXXIV'''
| 062S0009034923
| 
| A2
| B3
| C1
| 02/20/2018
| 11365
| Fresh Meadows, NY
| 
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''I'''
| 062S0009143056
| 
| A2
| B3
| C1
| 02/20/2018
| 08080
| Mount Holly, NJ
|
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''I'''
| 062S0009151784
| 
| A2
| B3
| C1
| 06/01/2015
| 92154
| San Diego, CA
|
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''XXXIV'''
| 062S0009200477
| 
| A2
| B3
| C3
| 09/05/2018
| 11355
| Flushing, NY
|
|}


:: '''B'''. 3 lines at upper right, Meter number / customer ID number / zip code
::: '''2'''. Stamp at top right of address label with large mail class indicator or solid block to its left and the class of mail spelled out below.

[[File:USA stamp type PC-C2point4b.jpeg|right|400px]]


'''NOTE''': Sub-type '''B''' has been found printed directly onto a plastic bag. See image below.[[File:USA meter stamp PC-C2p4 NOTE.JPG|right|300px]]


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


[[File: USA stamp type PC-C10.jpg|right|880px]]

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
'''PC-C2.5. ''' 

'''PC-C2.5.1 ''' 2014.

: Similar to Type PC-C2.4 but the manufacturer's logo is above the right end of the &quot;PDF417{8)&quot; barcode.
: Meter number with 062S prefix. 
: Manufacturer's logo is &quot;'''stamps.com'''&quot;. With &quot;US POSTAGE &amp; FEES PAID&quot; instead of value figures.

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
[[File:USA meter stamp PC-C2p7.jpg|right|880px]]

'''PC-C2.5.3''' ''2012.''
: Very similar to Type PC-C2.4 but with date between the &quot;FROM&quot; (ZIP code) and the Stamps.com logo.
: Seen with tracking number at right of the frank, on a customs form.
: Meter number with 062S prefix. 
: PDF417(7) barcode

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
{{font|size=3|color=red|'''''NOTE''': &lt;br&gt;For information on the various types of 2 dimensional barcodes see introduction to &quot;'''Group PC'''&quot; above''}}
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
[[File: USA stamp type PC2point6.jpg|right|500px]]


'''PC-C2.6.0.''' ''2015.''
: Very similar to Type PC-C2.3B but &quot;U.S. POSTAGE&quot; is right of the value figures rather than below them.
: Meter number with 062S prefix.
: PDF417(7) barcode
: Manufacturer's logo is '''stamps.com'''
: V/F: {{space|4}} $(0)0'''.'''00 


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

[[File: USA stamp type PC-G2B.jpg|right|580px]]

'''PC-C2.7.1.'''
: With &quot;DPDF417&quot; barcode as with Types PC-C2.1 through PC-C2.5 but without &quot;stamps.com&quot; logo.
: Top panel contains USPS eagle logo and '''Click-N-Ship'''&amp;reg; logo.
: Value figures and &quot;US POSTAGE&quot; at left.
: Tracking number above the barcode.
: Identification number with 062S prefix.
: V/F: {{space|4}} $0'''.'''00, {{space|4}} $00'''.'''00

:: '''a'''. With &quot;Commercial Base Pricing&quot; immediately below the 2D barcode


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


[[File: USA stamp type PC-G4B.jpg|right|1000px]]
[[File: USA stamp type PC-G4.jpg|right|1000px]]
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

'''PC-C2.7.2.'''


: Similar to Type PC-C2.7.1 but very wide imprint with '''Click-N-Ship'''&amp;reg; logo above usps.com (without the eagle-head logo)/ &quot;US POSTAGE / PAID&quot; at left.
: Along the bottom are the weight, date, Mailed from ZIP code, and meter identification number with &quot;062S&quot; prefix.
: ''It appears that this stamp is generated only for International Priority and Express mail services.''
: Two versions are known:
:: '''A'''. Tracking barcode at far left in the panel. Smaller lower panel contains the mail class statement.
:: '''B'''. Smaller stamp, traditional barcode at center of panel, USPS logo at far left. A Customs Declaration statement appears above the traditional barcode. No lower panel containing a mail class statement, and no indication anywhere of the mail service being used.


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

[[File: USA stamp type PC-C6.jpg|right|140px]]

'''PC-C3.1.''' 2007.
: Stamp with horizontal &quot;IBI Lite&quot; barcode.
: Small frank with value figures at top above &quot;U.S. POSTAGE&quot;, class of mail, &quot;FROM&quot; ZIP code, and date.
: Below the date are the stamps.com logo, the barcode, and identification number at bottom.
: Identification number with 062S prefix. 
: V/F: {{space|4}} $0'''.'''00&lt;u&gt;o&lt;/u&gt;


[[File: USA stamp type PC-C7.jpg|right|195px]]

[[File: USA meter stamp PC-C3.2aa.jpg|right|175px]]
'''PC-C3.2.1'''
:  As Type PC-C3.1 but the &quot;IBI Lite&quot; barcode is vertical at right next to the identification number reading down at far right. 
:  '''Stamps.com''' logo, identification number with '''062S''' prefix.  
:  Town line &quot;FROM&quot; and ZIP code
: V/F: {{space|4}} $0'''.'''00&lt;u&gt;o&lt;/u&gt;
:: '''a'''. Identification number omitted (possible printer misalignment)
:: '''b'''. Town line without ZIP code showing &quot;FROM&quot; alone
[[File: USA stamp type PC3p2 label.jpg|right|360px]]
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


'''NOTE''': These stamps can be printed directly to the mail piece or on labels. Stamps.com provided L-shaped labels with pink fluorescent bars along the top and right. Other label sizes and shapes exist. See below.


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
[[File:USA meter stamp PC-C3p3.jpg|right|370px]]

'''PC-C3.3.''' 2018.
: Identification number and Stamps.com logo read down at far right.
: From the top down, point-of-sale data is:
:: Value figures
:: '''US POSTAGE'''
:: mail class
:: ZIP code and date
:: Horizontal IBI Lite bar code
: Identification number with 062S prefix. 
: V/F: {{space|4}} $0'''.'''00&lt;u&gt;o&lt;/u&gt;
'''NOTE''': Seen on plain white self-adhesive labels with rounded corners.
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

[[File:PC-C3.2 250115.png|right|150px]]

'''PC-C3.5.''' 2022.
: Most similar to Type PC-C3.1 but without company identification.
: Identification number with 062S prefix. 

::::-A [[File:MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|8px]]&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #191970;&quot;&gt;: V/F: {{space|4}} $0'''.'''00&lt;u&gt;o&lt;/u&gt;[[File:MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|12px]]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
::::-B [[File:MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|8px]]&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #191970;&quot;&gt;: V/F: {{space|4}} $0'''.'''000&lt;u&gt;o&lt;/u&gt;[[File:MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|12px]]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
[[File:PC-C3.5B 250116.png|right|150px]]


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
[[File: USA PC-F10.jpg|right|940px]]


'''PC-C4.1.1.''' 2002.
:  Very wide design with large &quot;Delivery Confirmation&quot; 1D barcode at center and square Datamatrix barcode at right.
: Above the 2D barcode are the weight, ZIP code, ID# with 062S prefix, and date.
: At far left is the class of mail above “US POSTAGE &amp; FEES PAID”.
: Without value figures. The &quot;stamps.com&quot; logo is below the 2D barcode.
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

 '''PC-C4.1.2.'''. With value figures but otherwise as '''PC-C4.1.''' (&quot;stamps.com&quot; logo below 2D barcode)[[File: USA meter stamp PC-C4.1D.jpg|right|940px]]
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

'''PC-C4.2.1.'''. With &quot;stamps.com&quot; logo and value figures at top above the 2D barcode: {{space|4}} $0'''.'''00 (&quot;stamps.com&quot; logo at top)[[File: USA stamp type PC-F10B.jpg|right|940px]]

:: '''a'''. Without tracking barcode at center[[File: USA stamp type PC-F10aa.jpg|right|400px]]


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

'''PC-C4.2.2.'''. Without value figures but otherwise as '''PC-C4.2.1.''' 


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
{{font|size=3|color=red|'''''NOTE''': &lt;br&gt;Several stamps in Group Q resemble stamps in Group PC. If you don't find what you are looking for here, check there.''}}

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
[[File: USA stamp type PC-C9 complete.jpg|right|540px]]


'''PC-C5.1.''' 2011.
:  The point-of-sale text is immediately to the left of the square Datamatrix barcode rather than above. 
: The frank appears unframed at the top of an address label.
: Identification number with 062S prefix.  
: The country name is not in or near the frank, but &quot;US POSTAGE &amp; FEES PAID&quot; is found at bottom below the mail class.
: With value figures
: V/F: {{space|4}} $0'''.'''00
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

'''PC-C5.2.'''. As '''PC-C5.1.''',Without value figures[[File: USA stamp type PC-C9B.jpeg|right|540px]]

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


{{font|size=1|color=blue|''Types '''SE1''' and '''SE2''' in 2001 edition''}}[[File: USA PC-F7.jpg|right|540px]]
[[File: USA PC-F8.jpg|right|500px]]

'''PC-C6.3.1.''' 2002.[[File:MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|6px]]V/F: {{space|4}} $0'''.'''00
: Downloaded directly from the Stamps.com web site. 
: Square Datamatrix barcode at right with &quot;stamps.com&quot; reading up to its right. 
: Text left justified as follows: 
: Value figures at top above &quot;US POSTAGE&quot;, mail class, date, ID number, and ZIP code
: Meter Identification number with 062S prefix.
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


'''PC-C6.3.2.''' Without value figures. &quot;US POSTAGE &amp; FEES PAID&quot; above date, ID# with 062S prefix, ZIP code, rate statement


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


:: '''PC-C9.1.'''. 2 lines at upper right, Meter number/zip code (Box B2).[[File: PC-C2.4.2A.1 250331.png|right|450px]]

::: {{space|10}} Similar to &quot;'''PC-C2.4.2A.0'''&quot;
::: {{space|10}} &quot;US POSTAGE &amp; FEES PAID IMI&quot; at top left above rate statement.
::: {{space|10}} New &quot;'''Stamps'''&quot; logo
::: {{space|10}} Stamp at top right of address label with large mail class indicator (of various sizes) or solid block to its left (Box B1) and the class of mail spelled out below (Box C).
::: {{space|10}} Mail class indicator using &quot;'''New Helvetica'''&quot; font as opposed to &quot;'''Arial Block'''&quot; in &quot;'''PC-C2.4.2A.0'''&quot;.
::: {{space|10}} Prefix &quot;'''063S'''&quot;
::: {{space|10}} For similar item with with three lines in upper right and &quot;'''Arial Block'''&quot; font see &quot;'''PC-C2.4.3'''&quot;

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


'''PC-C9.2.''' 2024.[[File: PC-C2.4.3.png|right|450px]]

::: {{space|10}} As Type PC-C2.3 but with rate statement instead of value figures.
::: {{space|10}} With new &quot;'''Stamps '''&quot;  logo replacing the stamps / endicia logo at the right of &quot;PDF417(8)&quot; barcode. 
::: {{space|10}} &quot;US POSTAGE &amp; FEES PAID IMI&quot; at top left above rate statement.
::: {{space|10}} ID number with 063S prefix above mailer’s Zip code at top right. 
::: {{space|10}} For similar item with with two lines in upper right and &quot;'''New Helvetica'''&quot; font see &quot;'''PC-C2.4.2A.1'''&quot;

: &lt;u&gt;''' [[/Mail class and other descriptive types/|Click here for type description]]'''&lt;/u&gt;
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! &lt;u&gt;Label type&lt;/u&gt;
! &lt;u&gt;Meter no's&lt;/u&gt;
! &lt;u&gt;Customer ID&lt;/u&gt;
! &lt;u&gt;Box B1&lt;/u&gt;
! &lt;u&gt;Box C&lt;/u&gt;
! &lt;u&gt;Box B2, &lt;/u&gt;
! &lt;u&gt;Zipcode&lt;/u&gt;
! &lt;u&gt;City&lt;/u&gt;
! &lt;u&gt;Date&lt;/u&gt;
! &lt;u&gt;Note&lt;/u&gt;
|-
| FS5
| (063S0002805278)?
| 
| '''G''' (I)
| '''VI'''
| A14, B6, C7
| 43228
| Columbus, OH
| 11/25/2024
| ID number misprinted
|-
| FS5
| 063S0002805278
| 
| '''G''' (I)
| '''VI'''
| A14, B6, C7
| 43228
| Columbus, OH
| 03/19/2025
|
|-
| FS5
| 063S0002805278
| 
| '''G''' (I)
| '''VI'''
| A14, B6, C7
| 43228
| Columbus, OH
| 05/19/2025
|
|-

|}


'''PC-C9.3''' 2025.[[File: PC-C2.4.4 250802.png|right|450px]]

::: {{space|10}} As Type PC-C2.3 but with rate statement instead of value figures.
::: {{space|10}} With new &quot;'''Stamps '''&quot;  logo at top right. 
::: {{space|10}} &quot;US POSTAGE &amp; FEES PAID IMI&quot; at top left above rate statement.
::: {{space|10}} ID number with 063S prefix above mailer's ID number and mailer’s Zip code at top right below &quot;'''Stamps'''&quot; logo. 

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! &lt;u&gt;Label type&lt;/u&gt;
! &lt;u&gt;Meter no's&lt;/u&gt;
! &lt;u&gt;Customer ID&lt;/u&gt;
! &lt;u&gt;Box B1&lt;/u&gt;
! &lt;u&gt;Box C&lt;/u&gt;
! &lt;u&gt;Box B2, &lt;/u&gt;
! &lt;u&gt;Zipcode&lt;/u&gt;
! &lt;u&gt;City&lt;/u&gt;
! &lt;u&gt;Date&lt;/u&gt;
! &lt;u&gt;Note&lt;/u&gt;
|-
| FS5
| 063S0001442661
| 18827628
| '''G''' (II)
| '''VI'''
| A9, B2, C7
| 85274
| Mesa, AZ
| 02/06/2025
|
|-
| FS5
| 063S0014950305
| 9786065
| '''G''' (II)
| '''VI'''
| A9, B2, C7
| 03580
| 
| 07/28/2025
|
|-
| FS5
| 063S0014950364
| 10606251
| '''G''' (II)
| '''VI'''
| A14, B6, C7
| 20850
| Rockville, MD
| 12/03/2024
|
|-
| FS5
| 063S0014950380 
| 18827628
| '''G''' (II)
| '''VI'''
| A9, B2, C7
| 85274
| Mesa, AZ
| 02/06/2025
|
|-
|}
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

'''PC-C9.4.''' ''2025.''
: As Type PC-C2.6.0 but &quot;U.S. POSTAGE imi&quot; is to the right of the value figures.[[File: PC-C2.6.1.png|right|500px]]
: Meter number with 062S prefix.
: PDF417(7) barcode
: New '''Stamps''' logo to the right of the bar code.
: V/F: {{space|4}} $(0)0'''.'''00 

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

'''PC-C9.5.'''  ''2025''
:  As Type PC-C3.2.1 but the &quot;IBI Lite&quot; barcode is vertical at right next to the identification number reading down at far right. 
: &quot;'''US POSTAGE IMI'''&quot;
:  tHE NEW '''Stamps.com''' logo, identification number with '''063S''' prefix.  
:  Town line &quot;FROM&quot; and ZIP code
: V/F: {{space|4}} $0'''.'''00&lt;u&gt;o&lt;/u&gt;

[[File: PC-C3.2.3 250217.png|right|360px]]
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
'''NOTES''':
* These stamps can be printed directly to the mail piece or on labels. 


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


----

===={{font|size=4|color=#2a3439|Sub-group PC-D: Franks from Pitney Bowes software, ID numbers with 02#P, 02#W, or 07#P prefix}}====

{{font/top|size=3|color=#0018A8}}
* The earlier stamps show logos consisting of an eagle's head and wing. Later stamps are generic, text and bar code only, but most include &quot;Pitney Bowes&quot; in the design. One stamp, Type PC-D4, does not include the company name and is identifiable as a Pitney Bowes product only by the identification number with &quot;02&quot; prefix.
* Identification number prefixes seen so far are 022P, 024P, 022W, 026W and 071P.
* Pitney Bowes PC stamps began field testing in the Washington DC area in December 1998.

{{font/end}}
{{font|size=3|color=red|'''''NOTE''': &lt;br&gt;Several stamps in Group Q resemble stamps in Group PC. If you don't find what you are looking for here, check there.''}}
----
&lt;br&gt;
[[File: USA meter stamp PC-D0A.jpg|right|415px]]
[[File: USA meter stamp PC-D0B.jpg|right|415px]]
'''PC-D0. “ClickStamp Online”''', probably 1998. {{space|2}} [''Exceptionally rare'']
: Experimental stamp with small eagle profile image at upper right. Left of the eagle are the date, value figures,  and “US POSTAGE” with three stars. Above the “'''PDF417'''(9)” barcode field are the identification number at left and “Mailed From Zip Code” and ZIP code.

: Identification number with 022P000230 prefix.
:: '''A'''. The type font is somewhat heavy. The &quot;P&quot; in the ID number has no serif. Three reported:
::: 1) ID number 022P0002300165, ZIP code 20260 
::: 2) ID number 022P0002306771, ZIP code 20032
::: 3) ID number 022P0002307167, ZIP code 13057
:: '''B'''. The type font is somewhat lighter. The &quot;P&quot; in the ID number has serif at bottom. ID number 022P0002306600, ZIP code 20260
: V/F: {{space|2}} $ ~0.00&lt;sup&gt;o&lt;/sup&gt; 
 
: '''NOTE''': This stamp type was previously cataloged as an essay (ESY-DB4.4) until verifiably postally used covers were identified.
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


{{font|size=1|color=blue|''Type '''RD2''' in 2001 edition''}}[[File: USA PC-E2.jpg|right|415px]]

'''PC-D1. “ClickStamp Online”''', 21 April 1999. {{space|2}} [''Exceptionally rare'']
: Experimental stamp with eagle with wavy wing below &quot;FIM&quot; barcode. 
: Stamp with “'''PDF417'''(9)” barcode.
: &quot;US POSTAGE&quot;, date, value figures, ZIP code, and identification number stacked at right.
: Identification number with 024P prefix.
: Class of mail vertical at left side.
: V/F: {{space|4}} $00'''.'''00o
 
: '''NOTE''': When printed on a color-capable printer, the wing of the eagle is (usually) in red.


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

{{font|size=1|color=blue|''Type '''RD3''' in 2001 edition''}}[[File: USA meter stamp PC-D2p2A.jpg|right|415px]]
[[File: USA meter stamp PC-D2p2B.jpg|right|430px]]

'''PC-D2.1. “ClickStamp Online”''', 2000. 
: Similar to Type PC-D1 but straight eagle's wing above &quot;PITNEY BOWES&quot;. 
: Identification number with 024P prefix.
:: '''A'''. Inscribed &quot;U.S. POSTAGE&quot; with stops. &quot;MAILED FROM ZIP CODE&quot; one line, all capitals.
:: '''B'''. Inscribed &quot;US POSTAGE&quot; without stops. &quot;Mailed from ZIP Code&quot; in two lines, mixed case.
: V/F: {{space|4}} $00'''.'''00o

'''NOTES''':
: 1)  When printed on a color-capable printer, the wing of the eagle is (usually) in red.
: 2)  The system allows for a re-date stamp without postage value (as shown below).

: 3)  Pitney Bowes required at least some users of ClickStamp Online to send them a sample print once a year on an envelope marked withe the components of the user's system. (Example shown below right.)

[[File: USA PC-E3 redate.jpg|left|330px]]
[[File: USA meter stamp PC-D2.1 NOTE 3.jpeg|right|500px]]
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


{{font|size=1|color=blue|''Type '''RD4''' in 2001 edition''}}[[File: USA PC-E4.jpg|right|390px]]

'''PC-D2.2. “ClickStamp Online”'''. 
: This is the postage correction frank used with the software system that produced type PC-D2.1.
: The eagle is larger than with type PC-D2.1 and in line with the date which is above &quot;U.S. POSTAGE&quot; rather than below.
: Large “POSTAGE CORRECTION” below eagle.
: Identification number with 024P prefix.
: Without town line or ZIP code.
: V/F: {{space|4}} $00'''.'''00o

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
[[File: USMETER22041502.png|right|300px]]
{{font/top|size=2|color=red}}
'''Type Note: In the following listings, the descriptions will often include specific details regarding the mailing label, they will referenced as follows'''
::::: Panel or Box A:  '''USPS insignia''' ('' sometimes not present'')
::::: Panel or Box B:  oftentimes subdivided  
::::::: Box B1 &quot;'''F, P.'''&quot; etc, 
::::::: Box B2 includes, barcode, date, identification number
::::: Panel or Box C:  Mail Class
::::: Panel or Box D:  Address 
::::: Panel or Box E:  Tracking number/Bar code
::::: Panel or Box F:  often times blank ('' sometimes not present'')
{{font/end}}
: &lt;u&gt;''' [[/Mail class and other descriptive types/|Click here for type description]]'''&lt;/u&gt;


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


[[File: USA meter stamp PC-D3p1A.jpg|right|345px]]
[[File: USA PC-F6.jpg|right|515px]]

'''PC-D3.1A. &quot;Shipstream Manager&quot;'''. 
: As with PC-D1 through PC-D2.3, with &quot;PDF417&quot; barcode.
: &quot;US POSTAGE&quot; or &quot;US POSTAGE &amp; FEES PAID&quot;, date, town line (Mailed from ZIP...) and rate above barcode.
: Below the barcode are &quot;Pitney Bowes&quot; and the ID number with 071P prefix. 
: Basic stamp without framing. Top line contains value figures and &quot;US POSTAGE&quot;. 
::: V/F: {{space|4}} $0'''.'''00

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

'''PC-D3.1B. &quot;Shipstream Manager&quot;'''. 
: Box B2 &quot;US POSTAGE&quot; or &quot;US POSTAGE &amp; FEES PAID&quot;, date, town line (Mailed from ZIP...) and rate above &quot;PDF417&quot; barcode.
: The stamp is in a frame with large mail class indicator at left and the class of mail spelled out below. Top line &quot;US POSTAGE &amp; FEES PAID&quot;.  With rate statement instead of value figures.
: No Box A, Box B the dividing line extends the entire height of the box. 
: Identification number  071P prefix

:: '''A'''. &quot;'''FCM'''&quot; in Box B1
::: '''a'''.  Box B2 &quot;'''US POSTAGE AND FEES PAID'''&quot;/DATE    &quot;Mailed from ZIP&quot; / / &quot;PDF417&quot; barcode / &quot;Pitney Bowes&quot;     Identification number
:::: '''1'''. Box C: &quot;'''USPS FIRST CLASS'''&quot;
::::: '''-a'''. Box B2: 3rd line &quot;1oz First-Class Parcel rate&quot;


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


{{font|size=1|color=blue|''Type '''RD5''' in 2001 edition''}}[[File: USA stamp type PC-G1A.jpg|right|530px]]
[[File: USA PC-G1B.jpg|right|550px]]

'''PC-D3.2.''' 
: Found only on labels downloaded from internet vendor eBay. 
: In panel across the top are the USPS eagle logo at left and the '''eBay''' logo at right.
: Inside the stamp frame: &quot;US POSTAGE PAID&quot; and rate statement centered above the &quot;PDF417&quot; barcode.
: Below the barcode are &quot;Pitney Bowes&quot; and the identification number with 024P prefix.
: Large rate indicator in frame at left.
: V/F: {{space|4}} $0'''.'''00 or nil
: {{font|size=2|color=red|See also '''PC-D3.3B.6'''}}

:: '''A'''. With value figures
:: '''B'''. Without value figures but with rate statement


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


'''PC-D3.3'''.
: Similar to Type PC-D3.2,
: A large label formatted with as many as 7 subsections (&quot;'''boxes'''&quot;)
: Below &quot;'''Box A'''&quot; if present, or at the top there are two boxes (&quot;'''Box B1'''&quot; at the left and &quot;'''Box B2'''&quot; at the right)
: Within &quot;'''Box B2'''&quot; is the “'''PDF417(7)'''” 2D barcode there is nothing above the barcode. 
: Also within &quot;'''Box B2'''&quot; are 3 '''stacks''', 
: '''Stack B2.1''' &quot;US POSTAGE&quot; (''or variation''), date, “From” and ZIP code, weight, and optionally a Zone number are stacked at left.
: '''Stack B2.2''' Below the barcode are &quot;Pitney Bowes&quot; and a rate statement or statements at the center. 
: '''Stack B2.3''' Meter number/ID number at right.
: The ID number has 022W, 024P, or 026W prefix.
: In a smaller box at left (&quot;'''Box B1'''&quot;) is a large letter code representing the mail class.
: In a wide box (&quot;'''Box C'''&quot;) below &quot;'''Box B1'''&quot; and &quot;'''Box B2'''&quot; is the class of mail.
: If present the value figures appear above &quot;US POSTAGE&quot;.
: '''Labels may be framed or unframed'''
: V/F: {{space|4}} $0'''.'''00 or nil
: &lt;u&gt;''' [[/Mail class and other descriptive types/|Click here for type description]]'''&lt;/u&gt;

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

'''PC-D3.3A'''. With value figures
: A large label with 6 boxes &quot;'''FS5'''&quot;(&quot;'''Boxes B1, B2, C, D, E, F'''&quot;)
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
'''PC-D3.3A1'''.
:: '''Box B2::'''.  '''US POSTAGE''' in one line alone above the date

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

'''PC-D3.3A2'''.   '''US POSTAGE IMI''' in one line alone above the date   [[File: PC-D3.3A3.png|right|500px]]
:: '''A'''. '''026W'''  &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;over 10-digit number starting with&lt;/span&gt; 0004

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Label  Type
! Box B1 Type
! Box C Type
! &lt;u&gt;Meter no's&lt;/u&gt;
! Stack B2.2 line 2 type
! Date
! Zip
! City
! Notes
|-
| FS5?
| '''F'''
| '''IX'''
| 026W0004897241
| CommPrice
| 06/20/2023
| 32961
| VERO BEACH, FL
| 
|-
| FS5?
| '''G'''
| '''VI'''
| 026W0004897622
| CommPrice
| 10/18/2023
| 29568
| 
| 
|}
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
:: '''B'''. '''028W'''  &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;over 10-digit number starting with&lt;/span&gt; 0002

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Label  Type
! Box B1 Type
! Box C Type
! &lt;u&gt;Meter no's&lt;/u&gt;
! Stack B2.2 line 2 type
! Date
! Zip
! City
! Notes
|-
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| FS5?
| '''G'''
| '''VI'''
| 028W0002310688
| CommPrice
| 05/11/2024
| 34293
| VENICE FL
| 
|}
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
'''PC-D3.3A3'''.   '''US POSTAGE IMI''' in one line alone above the date as &quot;'''PC-D3.3A3'''&quot;, Box A with &quot;'''UNITED STATES / POSTAL SERVICE ®'''&quot; and emblem on left.
: &lt;u&gt;''' [[/Mail class and other descriptive types/|Click here for type description]]'''&lt;/u&gt;


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


'''PC-D3.3B'''. With rate statement

'''PC-D3.3B.1'''.[[File: USA meter stamp PC-D3.3.jpg|right|500px]]

::''' Box B2::'''.  '''US POSTAGE''' in one line alone above the date

'''PC-D3.3B.1.1'''.  Prefix &quot;'''21B'''&quot;

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Label  Type
! Box B1 Type
! Box C Type
! &lt;u&gt;Meter no's&lt;/u&gt;
! Stack B2.2 line 2 type
! Date
! Zip
! City
! Notes
|-
| FS5
| '''P'''
| '''V'''
| 021B0050723999
| CommPrice
| 07/20/2022
| 07112
| Newark NJ
| Box F: order data
|-
| FS5
| '''P'''
| '''V'''
| 021B0060312094
| CommPrice
| 11/28/2022
| 07036
| Linden NJ
| Box F: order data
|-
| FS5
| '''P'''
| '''V'''
| 021B0060494251
| CommPrice
| 11/28/2022
| 90670
| Santa fe springs CA
| Box F: order data
|}

'''PC-D3.3B.1.2'''.  Prefix &quot;'''26W'''&quot;

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Label  Type
! Box B1 Type
! Box C Type
! &lt;u&gt;Meter no's&lt;/u&gt;
! Stack B2.2 line 2 type
! Date
! Zip
! City
! Notes
|-
|
| '''P'''
| '''VII'''
| 026W0004897242
| ComPlsPrice
| 11/25/2020
| 07419
|
|
|-
| FS5
| '''X'''
| '''VIII'''
| 026W0004897590
| 
| 01/02/2021
| 97239
| Portland OR
|
|-
| FS5
| '''P'''
| '''V'''
| 026W0004897774
| CommPlsPrice
| 07/31/2020
| 60490
| Bolingbrook IL
|
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''IX'''
| 026W0004897814
| CommPrice
| 01/08/2021
| 91304
| Los Angeles CA
|
|-
|
| '''F'''
| '''IX'''
| 026W0004897894
|
|
| 54843
|
|
|}

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

'''PC-D3.3B.1C''' [[File: PC-D3.3B.4A.0.png|right|500px]]
:: As '''PC-D3.1A.B''' but with customer ID at lower right
:: '''Box B2'''  '''US POSTAGE''' above the date
:: Meter numbers: 026W

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Label  Type
! Box B1 Type
! Box C Type
! &lt;u&gt;Meter no's&lt;/u&gt;
! Customer ID
! Stack B2.2 line 2 type
! Date
! Zip
! City
! Notes
|-
| FS5
| '''P'''
| '''VII'''
| 026W0004897326
| 3000093152
| ComPlsPrice
| 12/04/2020
| 91706
| IRWINDALE CA
| ID numbers in larger font
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''XII'''
| 026W0004897491
| 3000008007
| CommPrice
| 05/23/2019
| 48114
| BRIGHTON MI
|
|}

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

'''PC-D3.3B.2'''.[[File: PC-D3.3B.1.png|right|500px]]

:: '''Box B2::'''.  '''US POSTAGE / PAID''' in two lines  above the date


{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Label Type
! Box B1 Type
! Box C Type
! &lt;u&gt;Meter no's&lt;/u&gt;
! Stack B2.2 line 2 type
! Date
! Zip
! City
! Notes
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''XII'''
| 026W0004897894
| CommPrice
| 12/29/2021
| 54843 
| Hayward WI
|
|}

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

'''PC-D3.3B.3A'''[[File: PC-D3.3B.3.png|right|500px]]
:: '''Box B2'''  '''US POSTAGE / PAID IMI''' in two lines above the date
:: Meter numbers: 026W [[File: PC-D3.3B.3A-H 2501002.png|right|500px]]

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Label  Type
! Box B1 Type
! Box C Type
! &lt;u&gt;Meter no's&lt;/u&gt;
! Stack B2.2 line 2 type
! Date
! Zip
! City
! Notes
|-
| FS5
| '''H'''
| '''VI'''
| 026W0002310502
| CommPrice
| 08/04/2025
| 33068
| North Lauderdale FL
| &quot;'''HAZMAT-Surface Transportation Only'''&quot;
|-
| FS5?
| '''F'''
| '''XII'''
| 026W0004897241
| CommPrice
| 01/26/2023
| 13147
| SCIPIO CENTER NY
|
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''XII'''
| 026W0004897242 
| CommPrice
| 08/16/2022
| 93943
| MONTEREY CA
|
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''XII'''
| 026W0004897400
| CommPrice
| 05/24/2023
| 16063
| ZELIENOPLE PA
|
|-
| FS5
| '''G'''
| '''VI'''
| 026W0004897451
| CommPrice
| 11/24/2023
| 95240
| LODI CA
|
|-
| PS4
| '''P'''
| '''XIII'''
| 026W0004897525
| CommPrice
| 10/23/2023
| 98239
| COUPEVILLE WA
| No Box F, DM1 barcode below Box E
|-
| PS5
| '''F'''
| '''IX'''
| 026W0004897591
| CommPrice
| 03/07/2022
| 92404
| SAN BERNARDINO CA
| 
|-
| PS5
| '''F'''
| '''IX'''
| 026W0004897642
| CommPrice
| 02/02/2022
| 92404
| SAN BERNARDINO CA
| 
|-
| PS4
| '''G'''
| '''VI'''
| 026W0004897642
| CommPrice
| 12/06/2023
| 81413
| CEDAREDGE CO
| No Box F, DM1 barcode below Box E
|-
| PS4
| '''F'''
| '''IX'''
| 026W0004897778
| CommPrice
| 02/27/2023
| 76013
| PANTEGO TX
| No Box F, DM1 barcode below Box E
|-
|-
| FS4
| '''F'''
| '''III'''
| 026W0004897790
| CommPrice
| 11/01/2022
| 08110
| PENNSAUKEN NJ
| No Box F, DM1 barcode below Box E
|-
| FS5
| '''G'''
| '''VI'''
| 026W0004897812
| CommPrice
| 11/25/2023
| 11432
| JAMAICA NY
|
|-
|
| '''F'''
| '''IX'''
| 026W0004897816
| CommPrice
| 08/22/2022
| 33770
| LARGO FL
|
|-
| FS4
| '''F'''
| '''IX'''
| 026W0004897817
| CommPrice
| 06/20/2023
| 77030
| HOUSTON TX
| No Box F, DM1 barcode below Box E
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''IX'''
| 026W0004897878
| CommPrice 
| 08/25/2022
| 66505
| MANHATTAN KS
|
|-
| FS4
| '''F'''
| '''IX'''
| 026W0004897894
| CommPrice
| 01/23/2023
| 08110
| PENNSAUKEN NJ
|
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''IX'''
| 026W0004897895
| CommPrice
| 02/04/2022
| 45806
| CRIDERSVILLE OH
|
|-
| FS5
| '''G'''
| '''VI'''
| 026W0004897895
| CommPrice
| 11/21/2023
| 95628
| FAIR OAKS CA
|
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''IX'''
| 026W0004897939
| CommPrice
| 03/28/2022
| 55304
| ANDOVER MN
|
|-
|
| '''F'''
| '''IX'''
| 026W0004897942
| CommPrice
| 04/29/2022
| 06514
| HAMDEN CT
|
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''IX'''
| 026W0004898023
| CommPrice
| 09/23/2022
| 75150
| MESQUITE TX
|
|}


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
'''PC-D3.3B.3B'''
:: '''Box B2'''  '''US POSTAGE / PAID IMI''' in two lines above the date [[File: PC-D3.3B.3B 250415.png|right|500px]]
:: Meter numbers: 028W

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Label  Type
! Box B1 Type
! Box C Type
! &lt;u&gt;Meter no's&lt;/u&gt;
! Stack B2.2 line 2 type
! Date
! Zip
! City
! Notes
|-
| FS4
| '''G'''
| '''VI'''
| 028W0002310364
| CommPrice
| 03/18/2024
| 96003
| REDDING CA
| No Box F, DM1 barcode below Box E
|-
| FS4
| '''G'''
| '''VI'''
| 028W0002311094
| CommPrice
| 02/05/2024
| 34222
| ELLENTON FL
| No Box F, DM1 barcode below Box E
|-
| FS4
| '''G'''
| '''VI'''
| 028W0002311094
| CommPrice
| 08/22/2024
| 11735
| FARMINGDALE NY
| No Box F, DM1 barcode below Box E
|-
| FS4
| '''G'''
| '''VI'''
| 028W0002311374
| CommPrice
| 02/22/2024
| 33436
| BOYNTON BEACH FL
| No Box F, DM1 barcode below Box E
|-
| FS4
| '''G'''
| '''VI'''
| 028W0002311472
| CommPrice
| 03/04/2025
| 92376
| RIALTO CA
| No Box F, DM1 barcode below Box E
|}
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
'''PC-D3.3B.4A.1''' [[File: PC-D3.3B.4.png|right|500px]]
:: As '''PC-D3.3B.3''' but taller, thinner font
:: '''Box B2'''  '''US POSTAGE / PAID IMI''' in two lines above the date
:: Meter numbers: 026W

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Label  Type
! Box B1 Type
! Box C Type
! &lt;u&gt;Meter no's&lt;/u&gt;
! Customer ID
! Stack B2.2 line 2 type
! Date
! Zip
! City
! Notes
|-
| FS5
| '''P'''
| '''V'''
| 026W0004897241
| 3001124484
| ComPlsPrice
| 06/17/2022
| 93380
| VISALIA CA
|
|}

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
'''PC-D3.3B.4A.2''' 
:: As '''PC-D3.3B.3''' but taller, thinner font
:: '''Box B2'''  '''US POSTAGE / PAID IMI''' in two lines above the date
:: Meter numbers: 028W


{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Label  Type
! Box B1 Type
! Box C Type
! &lt;u&gt;Meter no's&lt;/u&gt;
! Customer ID
! Stack B2.2 line 2 type
! Date
! Zip
! City
! Notes
|-
| FS5
| '''X'''
| '''VIII'''
| 028W0002310218 
| 3000559694
| 
| 02/03/2023
| 98144
| SEATTLE WA
| Box F: order info
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''XII'''
| 028W0002310350
| 3001704288
| CommPrice
| 02/03/2023
| 80907
| COLORADO SPRINGS CO
|
|}
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


'''PC-D3.3B.4B''' [[File: PC-D3.3B.4B.png|right|500px]]
:: As '''PC-D3.3B.3''' but taller, thinner font
:: '''Box B2'''  '''US POSTAGE / PAID IMI''' in two lines above the date
:: No Box F, DM1 barcode below Box E
:: Meter numbers: 028W


{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Label  Type
! Box B1 Type
! Box C Type
! &lt;u&gt;Meter no's&lt;/u&gt;
! Customer ID
! Stack B2.2 line 2 type
! Date
! Zip
! City
! Notes
|-
| FS5
| '''G'''
| '''VI'''
| 028W0002310174
| 3002184618
| CommPrice
| 07/08/2024
| 60647
| CHICAGO IL
| 
|-
|}
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
'''PC-D3.3B.5A''' [[File: PC-D3.3B.5a.png|right|500px]]
:: Similar to'''PC-D3.3B.3''' 
:: '''Box B2'''  '''US POSTAGE / &amp; FEES PD IMI''' in two lines above the date
:: Meter numbers: 026W

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Label  Type
! Box B1 Type
! Box C Type
! &lt;u&gt;Meter no's&lt;/u&gt;
! Stack B2.2 line 2 type
! Date
! Zip
! City
! Notes
|-
| FS4
| '''F'''
| '''XII'''
| 026W0004897798
| CommPrice
| 01/24/2023
| 30907
| MARTINEZ GA
| No Box F, DM1 barcode below Box E
|}

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
'''PC-D3.3B.5B''' [[File: PC-D3.3B.5B.png|right|500px]]
:: Similar to'''PC-D3.3B.3''' 
:: '''Box B2'''  '''US POSTAGE / &amp; FEES PD IMI''' in two lines above the date
:: Meter numbers: 028W
:: Customer Identification Number below meter number

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


'''PC-D3.3B.6'''
:: A large label with 6 sections, 7 boxes  (&quot;'''Boxes A, B1, B2, C, D, E, F'''&quot;)
:: A box (&quot;'''Box A''') across the top containing the USPS eagle logo and &quot;UNITED STATES/ POSTAL SERVICE&quot; at left and a mailer's logo or identification at right. 
:: {{font|size=2|color=red|'''NOTE:''' ''For examples with'' '''Penalty of Fines Under 18 / USC 3571 for Private Use''' ''see'' '''OO-M1'''}}
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

'''PC-D3.3B.6A'''
:: '''Box B2''' as '''PC-D3.3B.3,  US POSTAGE / PAID IMI''' in two lines above the date
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
'''PC-D3.3B.6A.1A'''[[File: PC-D3.3B.6B.1.png|right|500px]]
: '''Box A''' with &quot;''' a preferred / shipping service on ebay '''&quot;
: identification number starts with &quot;'''026W'''&quot;

: &lt;u&gt;''' [[/Mail class and other descriptive types/|Click here for type description]]'''&lt;/u&gt;


{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Label  Type
! Box B1 Type
! Box C Type
! &lt;u&gt;Meter no's&lt;/u&gt;
! Stack B2.2 line 2 type
! Date
! Zip
! City
! Notes
|-
| FS6
| '''F'''
| '''IX'''
| 026W0004897242
| CommPrice
| 01/08/2022
| 19565
| WERNERSVILLE PA
|
|-
| FS6
| '''F'''
| '''IX'''
| 026W0004897406
| CommPrice
| 05/30/2020
| 92859
| ORANGE CA
|
|-
| FS6
| '''G'''
| '''VI'''
| 026W0004897486
| CommPrice
| 08/19/2023
| 76002
| ARLINGTON TX
|
|-
| FS6
| '''G'''
| '''VI'''
| 026W0004897525
| CommPrice
| 10/24/2023
| 35952
| SNEAD AL
|
|-
| FS6
| '''F'''
| '''IX'''
| 026W0004897526
| CommPrice
| 11/16/2020
| 98243
| Deer Harbor WA
|
|-
| FS6
| '''F'''
| '''IX'''
| 026W0004897591
| CommPrice
| 12/18/2020
| 49801
| Iron Mountain MI
|
|-
| FS6
| '''F'''
| '''IX'''
| 026W0004897642
| CommPrice
| 05/11/2020
| 92404
| San Bernardino CA
| small, 85 x 136mm
|-
| FS6
| '''F'''
| '''IX'''
| 026W0004897623
| CommPrice
| 05/08/2023
| 50010
| AMES IA
|
|-
| FS6
| '''F'''
| '''IX'''
| 026W0004897876
| CommPrice
| 05/18/2020
| 92404
| San B CAernardino
| small, 83 x 130mm
|-
| FS6
| '''P'''
| 
| 026W0004897894
| CommPrice
|
| 30513
|
|
|-
| FS6
| '''F'''
| 
| 026W0004897941
| CommPrice
|
| 60108
|
|
|}
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
'''PC-D3.3B.6A.1B'''
: '''Box A''' with &quot;''' a preferred / shipping service on ebay '''&quot;
: identification number starts with &quot;'''028W'''&quot;

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Label  Type
! Box B1 Type
! Box C Type
! &lt;u&gt;Meter no's&lt;/u&gt;
! Stack B2.2 line 2 type
! Date
! Zip
! City
! Notes
|-
| FS5
| '''G'''
| '''VI'''
| 028W0002310428
| 
| 06/18/2024
| 60512
| MONTGOMERY IL
| No Box F, DM1 barcode below Box E
|-
| FS5
| '''X'''
| '''VIII'''
| 028W0002310575
| 
| 05/31/2024
| 34677
| OLDSMAR FL
| No Box F, DM1 barcode below Box E
|-
| FS5
| '''G'''
| '''VI'''
| 028W0002311092
| CommPrice
| 06/13/2024
| 11103
| ASTORIA NY
| No Box F, DM1 barcode below Box E
|}
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
'''PC-D3.3B.6B'''
:: '''Box B2''' as '''PC-D3.3B.3,  US POSTAGE / &amp; FEES PD IMI''' in two lines above the date
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
'''PC-D3.3B.6B.1'''[[File: PC-D3.3B.6B.11.png|right|500px]]
: '''Box A''' with &quot;''' a preferred / shipping service on ebay '''&quot;

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Label  Type
! Box B1 Type
! Box C Type
! &lt;u&gt;Meter no's&lt;/u&gt;
! Stack B2.2 line 2 type
! Date
! Zip
! City
! Notes
|-
| FS6
| '''F'''
| '''XII'''
| 026W0004897813
| CommPrice
| 06/30/2022
| 07111
| IRVINGTON NJ
|
|}

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
'''PC-D3.3B.6C'''
:: '''Box B2'''   &quot;'''US POSTAGE / AND FEES PAID'''&quot; in two lines above the date
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

'''PC-D3.3B.6C.1'''[[File: USA meter stamp PC-D3.3C.jpg|right|500px]]
: '''Box A''' with “'''www.pitneybowes.com'''”

{{font|size=2|color=red|NOTE: For labels of this type used by an US Government Agency and with a Penalty statement see type &quot;'''OO-M1'''&quot;}}
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Label  Type
! Box B1 Type
! Box C Type
! &lt;u&gt;Meter no's&lt;/u&gt;
! Stack B2.2 line 2 type
! Date
! Zip
! City
! Notes
|-
| FS6
| '''F'''
| '''XII'''
| 026W0004897572
| CommPrice
| 06/29/2021
| 76155
| 
|}

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
'''PC-D3.3B.6D'''
:: '''Box B2'''   &quot;'''US POSTAGE'''&quot; in two lines above the date
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

'''PC-D3.3B.6D.1'''[[File: USA meter stamp PC-D3.3dd.jpg|right|500px]]

: '''Box A''' with “'''www.paypal.com'''”


{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Label  Type
! Box B1 Type
! Box C Type
! &lt;u&gt;Meter no's&lt;/u&gt;
! Stack B2.2 line 2 type
! Date
! Zip
! City
! Notes
|-
| FS6?
| '''X'''
| '''X'''
| 026W0004897485
| CommPrice
| 11/25/2020
| 55422
| 
|}


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
[[File: USA meter stamp PC-D3p4.jpg|right|530px]]
'''PC-D3.4'''
: Similar to PC-D3.3 but with tracking number added above the PDF417 2D barcode.
: Stacked at left of the 2D barcode are &quot;usps.com&quot;, the value figures, &quot;US POSTAGE&quot;, a rate statement, and in the bottom corner, the date.
: Centered below the 2D barcode are “Mailed from” and ZIP code and “024P”.
: V/F: {{space|4}} $0'''.'''00 {{space|4}}  $00'''.'''00

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
{{font|color=green|'''''NOTE: The stamp previously cataloged as Type PC-D3.5 is now a sub-type of PC-D3.3.'''''}}
[[File: PC-D3.5.png|right|1000px]]

'''PC-D3.5'''
: &quot;'''US POSTAGE / PAID IMI'''&quot; in two lines
: Unboxed rate class designation letter
: &quot;'''PDF417(7)'''&quot; 2-D barcode on right
: Meter Identification on right above customer Identification number
: Meter identification number: 028W followed by 10 digits
: On customs declaration form (CD)
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

'''PC-D4.1.'''
[[File: USA stamp type PC-G6.jpg|right|1000px]]
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
: Similar to Type PC-D3.4 but in wider format with the tracking barcode at far left.
: Meter number seen with &quot;024P&quot; prefix.
: With value figures below &quot;PAID&quot;.
: V/F: {{space|4}}  $0'''.'''00
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


'''PC-D4.2.'''[[File: USA meter stamp PC-D3.7.jpeg|right|1000px]]

: Wide format as with PC-D4.1 but &quot;US POSTAGE&quot; and the mail class are at far left with the tracking barcode below.
: The postage data is found below the PDF417 barcode, as follows:
:: ID# with &quot;026W&quot; prefix
:: Pitney Bowes (with &quot;CommPrice&quot; [or value figures?] below)
:: date
:: &quot;From&quot; ZIP code
:: weight
:: (destination) zone

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

'''PC-D4.3.1.'''[[File: PC-D4.3.1 260630.png|right|1000px]]

:: As with PC-D4.2 but with &quot;'''US POSTAGE PAID '''&quot; 
:: ID# with &quot;026W&quot; prefix

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


'''PC-D4.3.2.'''[[File: PC-D4.3.png|right|1000px]]

:: As with PC-D4.2 but with &quot;'''US POSTAGE PAID IMI'''&quot; 
:: ID# with &quot;026W&quot; prefix

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


'''PC-D4.4.'''[[File: PC-D4.4 250914.png|right|1000px]]

:: As with PC-D4.4 but with &quot;'''US POSTAGE PAID IMI'''&quot; at right above Identification number.
:: Two black bars complete from left to right
:: ID# with &quot;028W&quot; prefix

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


'''PC-D5.1.'''
: At right is the square &quot;Datamatrix&quot; barcode.
: Centered in the middle: &quot;US POSTAGE PAID&quot;/ &quot;Pitney Bowes&quot;/ rate statement/ identification number with 024P prefix
: At left: date/ ZIP code/ weight
: Always found on framed address label, and never with value figures.
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

'''PC-D5.1A.''' [[File: USA PC-F9.jpg|right|500px]]
: At left solid block rate code indicator
: Centered in the middle: &quot;US POSTAGE PAID&quot;/ &quot;Pitney Bowes&quot;/ rate statement/ identification number with 024P prefix at base


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
'''PC-D5.1B.'''[[File: PC-D5.1B.png|right|500px]]
: At left outline rate code indicator
: Centered in the middle: &quot;US POSTAGE PAID&quot;/ &quot;Pitney Bowes&quot;/ rate statement/ identification number with 024P prefix in middle

::: '''-1'''. Meter identification number positioned as in the illustration  for '''PC-D5.1A.'''
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


'''PC-D5.2.''' [[File: USA stamp type PC-F9B.jpg|right|307px]]
: Similar to Type PC-D4.1 but &quot;Pitney Bowes&quot; is vertical reading up at left.
: The rate, date, ZIP code, and weight are stacked between &quot;US POSTAGE PAID&quot; (italicized) at top and the identification number at bottom.
: Identification number with 024P prefix.
: &quot;'''Found only on International postage/address/customs forms purchased online from the USPS web site.'''&quot;
: The complete form is shown reduced at right. Occurs in at least two types:
::::{{space|5}}  Type I {{space|5}}  &quot;To/From&quot; horizontal
::::{{space|5}}  Type II {{space|4}}  &quot;To/From&quot; vertical
: V/F: {{space|4}} $00'''.'''00 or nil
:{{font|size=2|color=red|NOTE: &quot;'''For labels of this type the collector should save the whole form'''&quot;}}


:: '''A'''. With &quot;ONLINE DISCOUNT RATE&quot; below US POSTAGE PAID  
:: '''B'''. With postage paid shown in dollars and cents [[File: USA stamp type PC-F9point1B.jpg|right|307px]]
:: '''C'''. Without rate, blank between US POSTAGE PAID and the date


[[File: USA stamp type PC-F9B document.jpg|right|800px]]
[[File: PC-D5.2z.png|right|800px]]


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


'''PC-D5.3. “Shipstream Manager”''', 2006.[[File: USA PC-F11.jpg|right|888px]]
: Very wide design with square &quot;Datamatrix&quot; barcode at right and large tracking barcode at center.
: Above the 2D barcode are the date, ZIP code, weight, and &quot;Pitney Bowes&quot;.
: Below the 2D barcode is the ID number with 024P prefix.
: At far left is “US POSTAGE PAID” above the class of mail.
:: '''A'''. With rate statement instead of value figures.
:: '''B'''. With value figures above the date


[[File: USA stamp type PC-D4point3B.jpeg|right|888px]]


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


[[File: USA stamp type PC-G3point1.jpg|right|570px]]

'''PC-D5.4. &quot;SmartPostage&quot;''', 2011. 
:  As Type PC-D4.5 but with &quot;www.pbSmartPostage.com&quot; instead of the eBay logo. 
:  Identification number with 024P prefix.
:: '''A'''. With value figures. {{space|4}} V/F: $0'''.'''00
:: '''B'''. Without value figures but with rate statement

:: '''a'''. With &quot;Commercial Base Pricing&quot; immediately below the &quot;Pitney Bowes&quot;


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


'''PC-D5.5.''' (presumed to be '''“Shipstream Manager”'''), 2013.[[File: USA stamp type PC-F15.jpg|right|888px]]

:  Similar to Type PC-D4.3 but with the elements rearranged.
: The identification number, date, &quot;From&quot; Zip code, and weight are below the square &quot;Datamatrix&quot; barcode.
: The tracking barcode is at far left rather than center.
: At near left of the Datamatrix barcode is &quot;Pitney Bowes&quot;.
: &quot;US POSTAGE PAID&quot; and the mail class are at far left above the tracking barcode.
:  Identification number with 024P prefix.
: &lt;u&gt;''' [[/Mail class and other descriptive types/|Click here for type description]]'''&lt;/u&gt;


:: '''A'''. With value figures above &quot;Pitney Bowes&quot;: {{space|4}} $0'''.'''00
:: '''B'''. Without value figures

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


'''PC-D5.6. &quot;SmartPostage&quot;''', 2006. 

:  Similar to Type PC-D3.2 but with square DataMatrix barcode instead of &quot;PDF417&quot; barcode. 
: “US POSTAGE PAID” at top center above &quot;Pitney Bowes&quot;, a rate statement, and the identification number. 
:  sans-serif &quot;a preferred / shipping service on ebay&quot; in upper right
:  Service indicator in Box B1 with solid block letters
:  Meter identification number with 024P prefix.
:  With value figures. {{space|4}} V/F: $0'''.'''00 {{space|2}} [scarce]
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

'''PC-D5.7. &quot;SmartPostage&quot;''' [[File: USA PC-G3B.jpg|right|495px]]

:  Similar to Type PC-D3.2 but with square DataMatrix barcode instead of &quot;PDF417&quot; barcode. 
: “US POSTAGE PAID” at top center above &quot;Pitney Bowes&quot;, a rate statement, and the identification number. 
:  sans-serif &quot;a preferred / shipping service on ebay&quot; in upper right
:  Service indicator in Box B1 with solid block letters
:  Meter identification number with 024P prefix.
:  Without value figures but with rate statement


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
'''PC-D5.8.0 &quot;SmartPostage&quot;'''[[File: USA stamp type PC-G3C.jpg|right|530px]]

:  Similar to Type PC-D3.2 but with square DataMatrix barcode instead of &quot;PDF417&quot; barcode. 
: “US POSTAGE PAID” at top center above &quot;Pitney Bowes&quot;, a rate statement, and the identification number. 
:  sans-serif &quot;a preferred / shipping service on ebay&quot; in upper right
:  service indicator in Box B1 at left is narrower (not square) and the letter within is outlined rather than solid. 
:  Lettering in the panel [C] at bottom is smaller.
:  Meter identification number with 024P prefix.

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

'''PC-D5.8.1 &quot;SmartPostage&quot;''' [[File: USA stamp type PC-G3D.jpg|right|530px]]

:  Similar to Type PC-D3.2 but with square DataMatrix barcode instead of &quot;PDF417&quot; barcode. 
: “US POSTAGE PAID” at top center above &quot;Pitney Bowes&quot;, a rate statement, and the identification number. 
:  sans-serif &quot;a preferred / shipping service on ebay&quot; in upper right
:  service indicator in Box B1 at left is narrower (not square) and the letter within is outlined rather than solid. 
:  Lettering in the panel [C] at bottom is smaller.
:  Meter identification number with 024P prefix.
:  V/F: {{space|4}} V/F: $0'''.'''00


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
'''PC-D5.9. &quot;SmartPostage&quot;''' 

:  Similar to Type PC-D3.2 but with square DataMatrix barcode instead of &quot;PDF417&quot; barcode. 
: “US POSTAGE PAID” at top center above &quot;Pitney Bowes&quot;, a rate statement, and the identification number. 
:  service indicator in Box B1 at left is narrower (not square) and the letter within is outlined rather than solid. 
:  Lettering in the panel [C] at bottom is smaller.
:  Meter identification number with 024P prefix.
:  With value figures or without but with rate statement
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
'''PC-D5.9A.'''[[File: PC-D5.9B.0.1 260706.png|right|475px]]

:  sans-serif &quot;a preferred / shipping service on ebay&quot; in upper right
: &lt;u&gt;''' [[/Mail class and other descriptive types/|Click here for type description]]'''&lt;/u&gt;

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Label Type
! Box B1 Type
! Box C Type
! &lt;u&gt;Meter no's&lt;/u&gt;
! Stack B2.2 line 2 type
! Date
! Zip
! City
! Notes
|-
| FS6
| '''F'''
| '''XIV'''
| 024P0007629585
| ComBasPrice
| 12/28/2015
| 85541
| PAYSON AZ
| 
|-
| FS6
| '''F'''
| '''XIV'''
| 024P0007629647
| ComBasPrice
| 02/10/2016
| 85541
| PAYSON AZ
|
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''XIV'''
| 024P0007629652
| ComBasPrice
| 06/21/2014
| 10509
| BREWSTER NY
|
|-
| FS6
| '''F'''
| '''XV'''
| 024P0007629756
| 
| 03/17/2016
| 85541
| PAYSON AZ
| 
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''XIV'''
| 024P0007629758
| ComBasPrice
| 12/11/2012
| 32812
| ORLANDO FL
|
|-
| FS6
| '''F'''
| '''XIV'''
| 024P0007629777
| ComBasPrice
| 03/15/2017
| 17362
| SPRING GROVE PA
|
|-
| FS6
| '''F'''
| '''VI'''
| 024P0007629797
| CommBasPrice
| 10/19/2015
| 01970
| Salem MA
| 108 x 155 mm
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''XIV'''
| 024P0007632129
| ComBasPrice
| 06/01/2019
| 85203
| MESA AZ
|
|-
| FS6
| '''F'''
| '''XV'''
| 024P0007776044
| 
| 02/25/2016
| 32701
| ALTAMONTE SPG FL
|
|-
| FS6
| '''F'''
| '''XIV'''
| 024P0007776131
| ComBasPrice
| 02/10/2016
| 85541
| PAYSON AZ
|
|-
| FS6
| '''F'''
| '''XIV'''
| 024P0007776147
| ComBasPrice
| 10/17/2016
| 76251
| MONTAGUE TX
|
|-
| FS6
| '''F'''
| '''XIV'''
| 024P0007776172
| ComBasPrice
| 11/27/2015
| 85541
| PAYSON AZ
|
|-
| FS6
| '''F'''
| '''XIV'''
| 024P0007776173
| ComBasPrice
| 08/18/2015
| 20904
| SILVER SPRING MD
|
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''XIV'''
| 024P0007776210
| ComBasPrice
| 10/27/2015
| 33187
| MIAMI FL
|
|-
| FS6
| '''F'''
| '''XIV'''
| 024P0007776653
| ComBasPrice
| 09/12/2016
| 12992
| WEST CHAZY NY
|
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''XIV'''
| 024P0007776711
| ComBasPrice
| 10/12/2016
| 60543
| OSWEGO IL
|
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''XIV'''
| 024P0007875935
| ComBasPrice
| 01/20/2015
| 85211
| MESA AZ
|
|-
| FS6
| '''F'''
| '''XIV'''
| 024P0007875935
| ComBasPrice
| 10/06/2015
| 33161
| FLORIDA CITY FL
|
|-
| FS6
| '''F'''
| '''VI'''
| 024P0007875960
| CommBasPrice
| 10/05/2015
| 01610
| Worcester MA
| 96 x 151 mm
|-
| FS6
| '''F'''
| '''XIV'''
| 024P0007876028
| ComBasPrice
| 01/12/2019
| 22301
| ALEXANDRIA VA
|
|-
| FS6
| '''F'''
| '''XIV'''
| 024P0007876132
| ComBasPrice
| 11/10/2015
| 85541
| PAYSON AZ
|
|-
| FS6
| '''P'''
| '''V'''
| 024P0007876133
| CommBasPrice
| 06/18/2018
| 92404
| San Bernardino CA
| 92 x 161 mm
|-
| FS6
| '''F'''
| '''VI'''
| 024P0007876173
| CommBasPrice
| 02/11/2019
| 30097
| Duluth GA
| 101 x 161 mm
|-
| FS6
| '''F'''
| '''XIV'''
| 024P0007876761
| ComBasPrice
| 10/13/2015
| 85541
| PAYSON AZ
|
|-
| FS6
| '''F'''
| '''XIV'''
| 024P0007876771
| ComBasPrice
| 03/12/2016
| 85541
| PAYSON AZ
|
|}

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


: &lt;u&gt;''' [[/Mail class and other descriptive types/|Click here for type description]]'''&lt;/u&gt;


'''PC-D5.9B.0.0.'''[[File: PC-D5.9B.png|right|475px]]
[[File: PC-D5.9B.0.1 260630.png|right|475px]]
:  Italic &quot;a preferred / shipping service on ebay&quot; in upper right
:  Small &quot;'''ebay'''&quot;, large space between the base of the &quot;'''y'''&quot; and the frame


{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Label  Type
! Box B1 Type
! Box C Type
! &lt;u&gt;Meter no's&lt;/u&gt;
! Stack B2.2 line 2 type
! Date
! Zip
! City
! Notes
|-
| FS6
| '''F'''
| '''VI'''
| 024P0007629802
| CommBasPrice
| 11/25/2019
| 92404
| San Bernardino CA
| 86 x 140mm
|-
| FS6
| '''F'''
| '''VI'''
| 024P0007776072
| CommBasPrice
| 11/19/2018
| 65803
| Springfield MO
| Blue label stock, 96 x 156 mm
|-
| FS6
| '''F'''
| '''VI'''
| 024P0007776728
| CommBasPrice
| 07/05/2019
| 92404
| San Bernardino CA
| 87 x 140mm
|-
| FS6
| '''F'''
| '''VI'''
| 024P0007875976
| CommBasPrice
| 11/22/2019
| 02532
| 
| 
|-
| FS6
| '''F'''
| '''VI'''
| 024P0007876188
| CommBasPrice
| 05/28/2019
| 92404
| San Bernardino CA
| 96 x 155mm
|-
| FS6
| '''F'''
| '''VI'''
| 024P0007876772
| CommBasPrice
| 12/23/2019
| 98245
| Eastsound WA
| 96 x 155mm
|}
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


'''PC-D5.9B.1.'''[[File: PC-D5.9B.1 250609.png|right|475px]]

:  As with &quot;'''PC-D5.9B.0.''' Italic &quot;a preferred / shipping service on ebay&quot; in upper right
:  F/V $(0)0.00 above 4 lines at left of Box B2


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


'''PC-D5.9B.2.'''[[File: PC-D5.9B.2 250609.png|right|475px]]

:  As with &quot;'''PC-D5.9B.1.''' Italic &quot;a preferred / shipping service on ebay&quot; in upper right
:  Font in Boxes B2 and C &quot;'''USPSIMB'''&quot; (either Compact or Standard?)
:  F/V $(0)0.00 above 2 lines at left of Box B2


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


'''PC-D5.9C.0.'''[[File: PC-D5.9C.0 250609.png|right|475px]]

:  In &quot;Box A&quot; at upper right &quot;'''www.paypal.com'''&quot;
:  &quot;Box B2&quot; 4 lines at left, Date/Zip Code/ Weight/ Zone


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


'''PC-D5.9C.1.'''[[File: PC-D5.9C.1 250609.png|right|475px]]

:  In &quot;Box A&quot; at upper right &quot;'''www.paypal.com'''&quot;
:  &quot;Box B2&quot; 2 lines at left, Date/Zip Code


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
[[File: USA meter stamp PC-D5.7.jpg|right|360px]]

'''PC-D6.0''', 2021. 
:  Similar to PC-D5.2 but with '''Pitney Bowes''' at the top of the point-of-sale data stacked at left of the Datamatrix barcode. 
:  Datamatrix barcode (DM4) 19 mm square, with 4 data blocks
:  Below '''Pitney Bowes''' are the value figures, '''US POSTAGE''' or '''US POSTAGE IMI''', a mail class statement.
:   a ten-digit number, &quot;3000156428&quot; evidently the customer identification number, the ZIP code and the date.
:  V/F: $0.00o 
:  This stamp arises from the new partnership between eBay and Pitney Bowes for &quot;eBay Delivery Service&quot; shipping.

:: '''A'''.  Inscribed '''US POSTAGE''', identification number with 026W prefix,
:::::&lt;span style=&quot;color: GREEN;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Known with the following &quot;'''Directive'''&quot; types:     &quot;FIRST-CLASS&quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;


'''NOTE''': Type PC-D6 is nearly identical in appearance to Type QB7. They differ only in color and in the ten-digit number that appears below the identification number, '''black''' and '''3''' for PC-D5.7, and '''red''' and '''2''' for QB7.

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

'''PC-D6.1.0''', 2024.
:  Inscribed '''US POSTAGE IMI''', with &quot;FIM&quot; barcode to left, Datamatrix barcode 20 mm square, with 4 data blocks, identification number with 026W prefix,
:  Datamatrix barcode 15 mm square, with 4 data blocks, or 27mm square,
:  Identification number with 026W prefix,

:::::&lt;span style=&quot;color: GREEN;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Known with the following &quot;'''Directive'''&quot; types:     &quot;FIRST-CLASS&quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


'''PC-D6.1.1''', 2024.
:  Inscribed '''US POSTAGE IMI''', with &quot;FIM&quot; barcode to left,
:  Datamatrix barcode 18-19 mm  with 4 data blocks, 
:  Identification number with 028W prefix,

:::::&lt;span style=&quot;color: GREEN;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Known with the following &quot;'''Directive'''&quot; types:     &quot;FIRST-CLASS&quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

----

===={{font|size=4|color=#2a3439|Sub-group PC-E: Franks from Envelope Manager (Endicia) software, ID numbers mostly with 07#V prefix but also 07#M, 07#S, 06#S and without ID number}}====

{{font/top|size=3|color=#0018A8}}
* All the stamps have a generic design, bar code and text. The earlier stamps include &quot;endicia.com&quot; in the design and later ones are identifiable only by the identification number which is most commonly 071V although 071M and 071S are also found. From 2024 on, 062, and 063 are also found. An exception is Type PC-E2.2, Sub-type A, which does not show an identification number.
* When first released (February 2001) the system was labeled by Indicia as &quot;'''DAZzle 2000'''&quot;.

* On November 18, 2015 Stamps.com (see Sub-group PC-C) acquired Endicia. In 2024, Stamps.com and Endicia were once again seperate, being individual divisions under a holding company.
{{font/end}}

{{font|size=3|color=red|'''''NOTE''': &lt;br&gt;Several stamps in Group Q resemble stamps in Group PC. If you don't find what you are looking for here, check there.''}}
----
&lt;br&gt;
{{font|size=1|color=blue|''Type '''RE1''' in 2001 edition''}}

'''PC-E1.1. Envelope Manager Software (Endicia Inc.) “DAZzle 2000” ''', 2000. [[File: USA PC-F2A.jpg|right|316px]]
: “'''endicia.com'''” at bottom left of &quot;PDF417(7)&quot; barcode.
: “US POSTAGE” at top right. 
: Stacked at center: value figures / class of mail / date / town line. 
: ID# with 071M, 071S, or 071V prefix at bottom right.
: V/F: {{space|4}} $0'''.'''00 {{space|4}} $0'''.'''000


::'''PC-E1.1A'''. Basic stamp without framing


::: '''a'''.  Top portion above 2D barcode shifted far to the left (shown at right). This may be the result of inconsistent software rather than printer variables.[[File: USA PC-F2aa.jpg|right|316px]]
::: '''b'''.  With &quot;CORRECTION&quot; instead of '&quot;endicia.com&quot; at bottom left
::: '''c'''.  With &quot;FIM&quot; barcode at top left.


::'''PC-E1.1B'''. The stamp is in a frame with large mail class indicator at left and the class of mail spelled out below.[[File: USA PC-F2B.jpg|right|500px]]


::'''PC-E1.1C''' As '''PC-E1.1A''' but with &quot;'''endicia.com/mac'''&quot; at bottom left of &quot;PDF417(7)&quot; barcode.


::: '''a'''.  With &quot;FIM&quot; barcode at top left.


{{font|size=1|color=blue|''Type '''RE2''' in 2001 edition''}}[[File: USA PC-F3A.jpg|right|310px]]


'''PC-E1.2. Envelope Manager Software (Endicia Inc.) “DAZzle 2000” ''', 2002. 
: As Type PC-E1.1 but the point-of-sale data is at left rather than in the center, and the sequence of data is different. 
: At top left: value figures/ date/ rate information
: At top right: &quot;US POSTAGE&quot;/ &quot;Mailed from ZIP...&quot;
: “'''endicia.com'''” at bottom left
: Identification number with 071V prefix
: Never with &quot;FIM&quot; barcode.
: V/F: $0'''.'''00


:: '''PC-E1.2A'''. Basic stamp without framing


::: '''a'''. With text above bar code shifted significantly to left or right. This may be the result of inconsistent software rather than printer variables.
::: '''b'''. On large label ('''STvar''') (see Section PC intro)[[File: PC-E1.2A-b.png|right|800px]]


:: '''PC-E1.2B'''. The stamp is in a frame with large mail class indicator at left and the class of mail spelled out below.[[File: USA PC-F3B.jpg|right|500px]]


::: '''d'''. Without rate information below the date[[File: USA meter stamp PC-E1p2dd.jpg|right|500px]]


:: '''PC-E1.2C'''. &quot;'''endicia.com/mac'''&quot; at lower left, produced by systems designed for Apple computer users


'''PC-E1.3. Envelope Manager Software (Endicia Inc.) “DAZzle 2000” ''', 2002. 
: Similar to Type PC-E1.2 but with rate statement instead of value figures.
: “POSTAGE AND FEES PAID” at top above date, ZIP code, and rate statement. 
: “'''endicia.com'''” at bottom left


::'''PC-E1.3A'''. Basic stamp without framing [[File: USA PC-F4A.jpg|right|324px]]
::: Identification number with 071V prefix


::: '''a'''. With text above bar code shifted significantly to left or right. This may be the result of inconsistent software rather than printer variables.[[File: USA PC-F4bb.jpg|right|415px]]


::: '''b'''. On large label ('''STvar''') (see Section PC intro)[[File: PC-E1.3A-b.png|right|800px]]


::'''PC-E1.3B'''. The stamp is in a frame with large mail class indicator at left and the class of mail spelled out below.[[File: USA PC-F4B.jpg|right|500px]]
::: Identification number with 071V prefix


: &lt;u&gt;''' [[/Mail class and other descriptive types/|Click here for Mail Class type description]]'''&lt;/u&gt;


{{font/top|size=2|color=black}}

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Label Type
! Box B1 Type
! Box C Type
! &lt;u&gt;Meter no's&lt;/u&gt;
! Line A Equivalent
! Stack B2.2 line 2 type
! Date
! Zip
! City
! Notes
|-
| '''FS5'''
| '''FCM'''
| '''XVI'''
| 071V00515554
| A13
| 
| OCT 27 2011
| 55337
| BURNSVILLE MN
| NO TRACKING BARCODE
|-
| '''FS5'''
| '''F'''
| '''IX'''
| 071V00525268
| A11
| Commercial Base Price
| JAN 5 2015
| 92705
| SANTA ANA CA
| 
|-
| '''FS5'''
| '''F'''
| '''IX'''
| 071V00525268
| A12
| Commercial Base Price
| APR 12 2016
| 92705
| SANTA ANA CA
|
|-
| '''FS5'''
| '''F'''
| '''IX'''
| 071V00525268
| A12
| Commercial Base Price
| JAN 3 2017
| 92705
| SANTA ANA CA
|
|-
| '''FS5'''
| '''F'''
| '''IX'''
| 071V00525268
| A12
| Commercial Base Price
| FEB 17 2017
| 92705
| SANTA ANA CA||-
| 
|-
| '''FS5'''
| '''F'''
| '''IX'''
| 071V00525268
| A12
| Commercial Base Price
| MAR 1 2017
| 92705
| SANTA ANA CA||-
|
|-
| '''FS5'''
| '''FCM'''
| '''XVI'''
| 071V00548099
| A13
| 
| APR 17 2007
| 83333
|
|
|-
| '''FS5'''
| solid black
| '''VIII'''
| 071V00682520
| A7
| 
| FEB 6 2009
| 80922
| COLORADO SPRINGS CO
|
|-
| '''FS3'''
| '''P'''
| '''V'''
| 071V01059238
| A11
| Commercial Plus Price
| SEP 8 2020
| 30071
| NORCROSS GA
|
|}
{{font/end}}


::: '''e'''. As '''B''', with question mark after the mail class statement: '''PRIORITY MAIL 2-DAY?'''
::::  (This may be a computer error with the question mark printing in place of a registration mark (''R in circle'').)[[File:USA meter stamp PC-E1p3ee.jpg|right|500px]]


::: '''f'''. Without the &quot;Box C&quot; containing the class of mail below the frank [[File: USA stamp type PC-E3p1ff.jpg|right|400px]]


::: '''g'''. &quot;Box E&quot; with USPS emblem at left, no tracking info[[File: PC-E1.3B-g.png|right|300px]]


::: '''h'''. &quot;Box E&quot; with USPS emblem at left, endicia emblem at right[[File: PC-E1.3B-h.png|right|300px]]


::'''PC-E1.3C'''. As '''PC-E1.3B''' with &quot;'''endicia.com/mac'''&quot; at lower left, produced by systems designed for Apple computer users[[File: USA PC-F4aa.jpg|right|500px]]
::: Identification number with 071M prefix


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


::'''PC-E1.3D'''. As '''PC-E1.3B''' with &quot;'''endicia'''&quot; at lower left, [[File: PC-E1.3D.png|right|500px]]
::: Identification number with 062S prefix

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


[[File: USA meter stamp PC-E1p4.jpg|right|500px]]

'''PC-E1.4. Envelope Manager Software (Endicia Inc.) “DAZzle 2000” ''', 2002. 
: Similar to Type PC-E1.3B but with logo and &quot;'''endicia'''&quot; at upper right.
: The ID number is above the 2D bar code at right.
: The date is below the mail class designation at left.
: Identification number with &quot;071V&quot; prefix.
: Seem on large label that includes customs information.


{{font|size=1|color=blue|''Type '''RE3''' in 2001 edition''}}[[File: USA PC-F5.jpg|right|530px]]

'''PC-E2.1. Envelope Manager Software (Endicia Inc.) ''', 2002.
: Found only on the top of large address labels downloaded directly from the USPS web site. 
: In wide box at right is the 2D &quot;PDF417&quot; barcode.
: To the left of the 2D barcode are &quot;US POSTAGE&quot; vertical, &quot;WWW.USPS.COM&quot;, value figures, and date.
: A series of nine 4-digit numbers is above the 2D barcode, and the ZIP code and identification number with 071V prefix are below.
: Very large “P” (for Priority Mail) or “E” (for Express Mail) in box at left. 
: Across the bottom is the class of mail spelled out.
: V/F: {{space|4}} $0'''.'''00  [[File:MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|15px]]$00'''.'''00


{{font|size=1|color=blue|''Type '''RE4''' in 2001 edition''}}
[[File: USA stamp type PC-G2 B.jpg|right|580px]]

'''PC-E2.2. Envelope Manager Software (Endicia Inc.) '''. 
: Stamp similar to PC-E2.1 with &quot;PDF417&quot; barcode but with panel at top containing USPS eagle logo at left and '''Click-N-Ship'''&amp;reg; logo at right.
: This appears to be a replacement for type PC-E2.1.
: Identification number, with 071V prefix, at right of the ZIP code

: V/F: {{space|4}} $(0)0'''.'''00

:: '''Note'''. For similar item without identification number see &quot;'''PC-G3'''&quot;


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


'''PC-E2.3. Envelope Manager Software (Endicia Inc.) '''. [[File: USA stamp type PC-G5.jpg|right|1000px]]
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
: Nearly identical to Types PC-C5.2 (Stamps.com) and PC-D3.3 (Pitney Bowes) except for the identification number which has &quot;071V&quot; prefix.


'''PC-E3.1. Endicia.com ''', 2010.

: Square &quot;DataMatrix&quot; barcode at right with company identity reading down at far right.
: Text from top, at left of barcode: &quot;US POSTAGE AND FEES PAID&quot;, mail class (''may be omitted''), date (mmm dd yyyy), ZIP code, rate statement (''may be omitted''), &quot;CommBasePrice&quot; or &quot;CommPlusPrice&quot; (''may be omitted'')
: Later stamps also include a second, more specific, rate statement. (''see the image for &quot;b&quot; below'')
: ID# with 071S or 071V prefix below 2D barcode.


:: '''A1'''. Company identity &quot;endicia.com&quot; (longer than DataMatrix is tall), barred &quot;I&quot; font[[File: USA stamp type PC-F12 better.jpg|right|520px]]

::: ID# with 071S or 071V prefix below 2D barcode.


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


::::: '''c'''. Printed on short label containing tracking bar code but not the destination address[[File: USA stamp type PC-E2p1cc.jpg|right|320px]]


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


::::: '''e'''. Datamatrix bar code field contains vertical bars, probably caused by a malfunction [[File:USA meter stamp PC-E2p1ee.jpg|right|500px]]


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


:: '''A2.1'''. Company identity &quot;endicia.com&quot; (shorter than DataMatrix is tall), unbarred &quot;I&quot; font 

::: ID# with 071S prefix below 2D barcode.
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

::::: '''b'''. Text at top truncated: &quot;US POSTAGE AND FEES P&quot;[[File: USA stamp type PC-F12bb.jpg|right|550px]]

: &lt;u&gt;''' [[/Mail class and other descriptive types/|Click here for Mail Class type description]]'''&lt;/u&gt;

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Label type
! Box  B1 TYPE
! Box C type
! Meter number
! Line A equivalent
! Stack B2.2 line 2 type
! Date
! Zip code
! City
! Notes
|-
| FS4
| '''P'''
| XXXIII
| 071S00799149
| A17
| Commercial Plus Pricing
| Nov 27 2017
| 37801
| MARYVILLE TN
| 
|-
| FS4
| Black
| VIII
| 071S00773763
| A7
|
| Dec 19 2017
| 30605
| ATHENS GA
|
|-
| FS4
| Black
| VIII
| 071S00773763
| A7
|
| Dec 22 2017
| 30605
| ATHENS GA
|
|-
| 
| '''F'''
| IX
| 071S00913234
| A18
| CommercialBasePrice
| Aug 04 2014
| 33351
| SUNRISE FL
| subtype &quot;b&quot;
|-
| FS4
| '''F'''
| IX
| 071S00917592
| A18
| CommercialBasePrice 
| Feb 11 2014
| 11220
| BROOKLYN NY
|
|-
| FS4
| '''F'''
| IX
| 071S00917592
| A18
| CommercialBasePrice 
| Oct 11 2014
| 11220
| BROOKLYN NY
|
|}

:: '''A2.2'''. Company identity &quot;endicia.com&quot; (shorter than DataMatrix is tall), unbarred &quot;I&quot; font [[File:PC-E3.1A2.png|right|550px]]

::: ID# with 071V prefix below 2D barcode.
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

::::: '''f'''. Datamatrix bar code field is wider than tall, not square [[File:USA meter stamp PC-E3.1ff.jpg|right|380px]]

: &lt;u&gt;''' [[/Mail class and other descriptive types/|Click here for Mail Class type description]]'''&lt;/u&gt;

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Label type
! Box  B1 TYPE
! Box C type
! Meter number
! Line A equivalent
! Stack B2.2 line 2 type
! Date
! Zip code
! City
! Notes
|-
| FS4
| black box
| VIII
| 071V00908463
| A16
| 
| Dec 21 2017
| 75104
| CEDAR HILL TX
| 2 copies, framed
|-
| FS4
| '''P'''
| XXXIII
| 071V00970570
| A17
| CommercialBasePrice
| Jun 05 2018
| 28052
|
| shorter Enddicia on right
|-
| 
| 
| 
| 
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| 
| 
| 
| 
|
|
|
|
|
|
|}


:: '''B1'''. Company identity is a round logo and &quot;endicia&quot; (''first seen in late 2018'')

::: Unframed
::: ID# with 071S prefix below 2D barcode.

:::::'''-1''' Top two lines bold [[File: PC-E3.1B1-1.png|right|540px]]


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


:::::'''-2''' All but top line and fifth line bold [[File: PC-E3.1B1-2.png|right|540px]]


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


:::::'''-3''' All lines bold [[File: PC-E3.1B1-3.png|right|540px]]


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


:: '''B2'''. Company identity is a round logo and &quot;endicia&quot; [[File: USA meter stamp PC-E3.1B.jpg|right|540px]]

::: ID# with 071V prefix below 2D barcode.

:  ''subtypes unknown ''
::::: '''a'''. Datamatrix barcode field omitted
::::: '''d'''. Printed without the tracking bar code


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


[[File: USA stamp type PC-F12point1.jpg|right|520px]]

'''PC-E3.2. Endicia.com''', 2014.
: Similar to Type PC-E3.1 with square &quot;DataMatrix&quot; barcode, but the value figures are at upper left and &quot;US POSTAGE&quot; is alone at top center.
: ID# with 071V prefix seen.
: V/F: {{space|4}} $00'''.'''00


[[File: USA stamp type PC-E2p3.jpg|right|340px]]

'''PC-E3.3A. Endicia.com''', 2015.
: Similar to Types PC-E3.1 and PC-E3.2 but &quot;U.S. POSTAGE&quot; is lower, below the date and ZIP code.
: The value figures are at far left.
: One seen, with &quot;FIM&quot; bar code at upper left.
: ID# with 071V prefix seen.
: '''endicia.com''' reads down.
: V/F: {{space|4}} $00'''.'''00


[[File: USA meter stamp PC-E3p3B.jpg|right|365px]]

'''PC-E3.3B. Endicia.com'''.
: As Type PC-E3.3A but with rate statement instead of value figures.
: ID# with 071V prefix seen.
: '''endicia.com''' reads up.


Note:  Items formersly listed as &quot;'''PC-E3.3C'''&quot; and &quot;'''PC-E3.3D'''&quot; are now listed  as &quot;'''PC-E3.8.1'''&quot; AND &quot;'''PC-E3.8.2'''&quot; RESPECTIVELY.
      

[[File:USA stamp type PC-E2p4.jpg|right|520px]]

'''PC-E3.4. Endicia.com''', 2016.
: Similar to Type PC-E3.1 but inscribed &quot;U.S. POSTAGE PAID&quot; without &quot;AND FEES&quot;. Also the inscription is centered rather than high.
: Below &quot;US POSTAGE PAID&quot; is &quot;From ZIP ##### and a rate statement.
: Rather than a large mail classification code, the mailer's name and address is found in the box at left.
: ID# with 071S prefix seen.
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

[[File:USA meter stamp PC-E3.5.jpeg|right|410px]]

'''PC-E3.5. Endicia.com''', 2018.
: Square DataMatrix barcode as with previous PC-E3 types but with round logo and &quot;endicia&quot; horizontal at bottom left instead of vertical at right.
: Text at left of barcode: At top (not fully visible in the image): &quot;US POSTAGE AND FEES PAID&quot; above the weight and mail class, price modification statement, date, ZIP code, identification number, a &quot;CID&quot; (&lt;i&gt;'''C'''ontract '''ID''' identification&lt;/i&gt;) number, and the Endicia logo.
: No value figures are shown
: ID# with 071V prefix seen.

: The example reported was used on international mail.


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

'''PC-E3.6. Endicia''', 2024. [[File:PC-E3.6.png|right|410px]]
: Square DataMatrix barcode as with previous PC-E3 types with &quot;endicia&quot; vertical at right but without round logo.
: Most similar to type '''PC-E3.1A2'''
: No line separating Box B1 and Box B2.
: Text at left of barcode: At top (not fully visible in the image): &quot;US POSTAGE AND FEES PAID&quot; above the weight and mail class, '''IMI''' following mail class
: Price modification statement, date, ZIP code, Mail class 1, Mail class 2, a &quot;CID&quot; (&lt;i&gt;'''C'''ontract '''ID'''entification&lt;/i&gt;) number, Mail class 3.
: No value figures are shown
: ID# with 063S prefix below bar code.

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

'''PC-E3.7. Endicia''', 2025. [[File:PC-E3.7 251201.png|right|410px]]
: Square DataMatrix barcode as with previous PC-E3 types with &quot;endicia&quot; vertical at right but without round logo.
: Most similar to type '''PC-E3.6'''
: Text at left of barcode: At top: &quot;US POSTAGE&quot; above the weight and mail class, 
: Stacked below are:Mail Class I with '''IMI''' following mail class, date, ZIP code, Mail class 2, Mail class 3, Mail class 4, a &quot;CID&quot; (&lt;i&gt;'''C'''ontract '''ID'''entification&lt;/i&gt;) 8 digit number, .
: F/V: &quot;'''$0.00'''&quot;
: ID# with 063S prefix below bar code.

:: '''PC-E3.7.1'''. With green banner to left inscribed &quot;'''USPS CERTIFIED MAIL &lt;sup&gt;TM&lt;/sup&gt;'''&quot;, barcode below

[[File:PC-E3.7.1.png|right|650px]]

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


[[File: USA meter stamp PC-E3.3B.jpg|right|230px]]

'''PC-E3.8.1. Endicia.com'''.
: As Type PC-E3.3A but with different endicia logo.
: ID# with 071S prefix seen.
: Circular logo and '''endicia''' read down.
'''NOTE''': The extremely narrow stamp impression shown appears to be a printer/feeder error rather than a software variation.
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
[[File: USA meter stamp PC-E3.3D.jpg|right|365px]]
'''PC-E3.8.2. Endicia.com'''.
: As Type PC-E3.3C but with rate statement instead of value figures.
: ID# with 071V prefix seen.
: Circular logo and '''endicia''' read down.
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
'''PC-E3.9. Endicia''' [[File:PC-E3.9 260623.png|right|410px]]
: As Type PC-E3.3A but with &quot;'''IMI'''&quot; on the rate class line
: ID# with '''063S''' prefix seen.
: '''endicia''' reads down.

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

'''PC-E4.1. Endicia.com''', 2024. [[File:PC-E4.1 250402B.png|right|410px]]

: Box B1 with block letter indicating postal class, &quot;G&quot; a New Helvetica Block font
: Box B2 with &quot;US POSTAGE &amp; FEES PAID&quot; in top line on left. With 3 lines below indicating rate class.
: 3 lines at top right, ID at top, customer ID below, source zip code at base.
: PDF 417(8) barcode with &quot;endicia&quot; (new logo) at right but without old round logo.

:::::&lt;span style=&quot;color: GREEN;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Known with the following &quot;'''Directive'''&quot; types [BOX C]:  &quot;USPS GROUND ADVANTAGE&quot; ['''XXIX''']   &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;

: &lt;u&gt;''' [[/Mail class and other descriptive types/|Click here for Mail Class type description]]''' (Directives/ Directionals)&lt;/u&gt;

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

'''PC-E5.1. Endicia.com''', 2024. [[File:PC-E5.1 250402B.png|right|410px]]

: Box B1 with block letter indicating postal class, &quot;G&quot; a New Helvetica Block font
: Box B2 with &quot;US POSTAGE &amp; FEES PAID IMI&quot; in top line on left. With 3 lines below indicating rate class.
: 2 lines at top right, ID at top, source zip code at base.
: PDF 417(8) barcode with &quot;endicia&quot; (new logo) at right but without old round logo.

:::::&lt;span style=&quot;color: GREEN;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Known with the following &quot;'''Directive'''&quot; types [BOX C]: &quot;USPS GROUND ADVANTAGE TM&quot; ['''VI'''],  &quot;USPS PRIORITY MAIL ®&quot; [ “large ‘R-circle’”] ['''XVIII''']  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;

: &lt;u&gt;''' [[/Mail class and other descriptive types/|Click here for Mail Class type description]]''' (Directives/ Directionals)&lt;/u&gt;

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

----

===={{font|size=4|color=#2a3439|Sub-group PC-F: Franks generated by EasyPost software, with &quot;easypost&quot; in the frank}}====

{{font/top|size=3|color=#0018A8}}
* EasyPost is a software company that provides companies with integrated shipping options through USPS and several private carriers.
* The company was founded in 2012 although the first stamp came to our attention in 2016.
{{font/end}}

----
&lt;br&gt;
[[File: USA stamp type PC-G1.jpg|right|500px]]

'''PC-F1.1. &quot;EasyPost&quot; ''' (digital/thermal), 2016 but possibly as early as 2012.
: The stamps we have seen appear on large address labels.
: The stamp contains a PDF417 barcode which sits under &quot;US POSTAGE AND FEES PAID&quot; and '''{{font|size=5|easypost}}''' at the right of the stamp.
: Left of the barcode are the date, ZIP code, &quot;CID&quot; (''number'') or &quot;C&quot; (number), and '''COMBASE''' or '''ComBasPrice''' (with no value figures).
: Along the bottom are the weight and identification number with &quot;0901&quot; prefix.
:: '''A'''. The stamp is in a frame with large mail class indicator at left (Box B1) and the class of mail spelled out below (Box C)
:: '''B'''. The stamp appears by itself with no framing or large mail class indicator


&lt;br&gt;
[[File: PC-F1.2.png|right|475px]]

'''PC-F1.2. &quot;EasyPost&quot; ''' (digital/thermal), 2025 

: As type &quot;'''PC-F1.1'''&quot; With heavier and slightly different typeface and spacing.

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


[[File:USA meter stamp PC-F1p2.jpg|right|480px]]

'''PC-F2.1. &quot;easypost&quot; ''' (digital/thermal).
: Similar to Type PC-F1 but inscribed &quot;US POSTAGE PAID&quot; rather than &quot;US POSTAGE AND FEES PAID&quot;
: The text, including '''{{font|size=4|easypost}}''', is in a lighter and wider font than found on PC-F1.
: Also, without &quot;CID&quot; and number and with small '''ComBasPrice''' instead of '''COMBASE'''.
: And finally, the zeros are slashed.


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


[[File: PC-F2.2 260621mh.jpg|right|480px]]

'''PC-F2.2. &quot;easypost&quot; ''' (digital/thermal).
: Similar to Type PC-F2.1 but inscribed &quot;US POSTAGE PAID IMI&quot; rather than &quot;US POSTAGE PAID&quot;
: The text/ font is similar to that found on PC-F1.

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


[[File:USA meter stamp PC-F1.3.jpg|right|540px]]

'''PC-F3.1. &quot;EasyPost&quot; ''' (digital/thermal), 2021.

: As Type PC-F1 but the {{font|size=4|'''easypost.'''}} logo now has a period after it. The web address &quot;{{size=2|'''easypost.com/signup'''}}&quot; was added below the logo.

: This stamp includes a postage value which is preceded by &quot;Retail&quot; on the stamp we have seen.

: V/F: {{space|4}} $0.00
: '''Note''': The origin ZIP code and customer ID have been blurred in the stamp photo.


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


[[File:Easypost PC-F1.4.png|right|500px]]

'''PC-F3.2. &quot;EasyPost&quot; ''' (digital/thermal), 2022.

::: Easypost Logo as PC-F3.1
::: The stamp is in a frame with large mail class indicator at left (Box B1) and the class of mail spelled out below (Box C)
::: No value figures


::: {{space|4}} '''Box B1''' {{space|4}} &quot;'''F'''&quot;
::: {{space|10}}  {{space|4}} &quot;USPS FIRST-CLASS PACKAGE&quot;
::: {{space|20}} 0901000004578 {{space|4}}C4000013 {{space|4}}83713 {{space|4}}2022-09-02{{space|4}}BOISE, ID
::: {{space|4}} '''Box B1''' {{space|4}}&quot;'''P'''&quot;
::: {{space|10}}  {{space|4}} &quot;USPS PRIORITY MAIL&quot;
::: {{space|20}} 0901000004698 {{space|4}} {{space|4}}28405 {{space|4}}{{space|4}}WILMINGTON, NC


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

[[File:PC-F4.png|right|500px]]

'''PC-F4.1. &quot;EasyPost&quot; ''' (digital/thermal), 2022.

::: Easypost Logo different
::: The stamp is in a frame with large mail class indicator at left (Box B1) and the class of mail spelled out below (Box C)
::: No value figures


::: {{space|4}} '''Box B1''' {{space|4}}&quot;'''P'''&quot;
::: {{space|10}}  {{space|4}} &quot;USPS PRIORITY MAIL&quot;
::: {{space|20}} 0901000005499 {{space|4}}C4017644 {{space|4}}83709 {{space|4}}2022-11-18{{space|4}}BOISE, ID


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

[[File:PC-F5.png|right|500px]]

'''PC-F4.2. &quot;EasyPost&quot; ''' (digital/thermal), 2022.

::: Easypost Logo same as &quot;'''PC-F4.1'''&quot;


:: '''a'''. With FIM barcode to the left

[[File:PC-F4.2a.png|right|650px]]


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


[[File:PC-F4.4.jpg|right|500px]]

'''PC-F4.4. &quot;EasyPost&quot; ''' (digital/thermal), 2023.

::: Easypost Logo same as &quot;'''PC-F4.1'''&quot; without the web address.

: &lt;u&gt;''' [[/Mail class and other descriptive types/|Click here for Mail Class type description]]'''&lt;/u&gt;


{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Label Type
! Box B1 Type
! Box C Type
! &lt;u&gt;Meter no's&lt;/u&gt;
! Stack B2.2 line 2 type
! Date
! Zip
! Customer ID
! Note
|-
| FS5 wide
| '''G'''
| '''VI'''
| 0901000001316
| Commercial
| 2024-11-11
| 43228
| C4018567
| 012.0 ZONE 2
|-
| FS5
| '''G'''
| '''VI'''
| 0901000008901
| Commercial
| 2023-12-01
| 60607
| C4650528
| 0.10 CUBIC ZONE 3
|-
| FS5
| '''G'''
| '''VI'''
| 0901000010389
| Commercial
| 2023-12-28
| 63376
| C5299422
| 5.0 OZ ZONE 4
|-
| FS5
| '''P'''
| '''XXXI'''
| 0901000014322
| Commercial
| 2024-06-27
| 63376
| C5299422
| 0.20 CUBIC ZONE 4
|}

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
'''PC-F4.5. &quot;EasyPost&quot; ''' (digital/thermal), 2025.

::: Easypost Logo same as &quot;'''PC-F4.4'''&quot; without the web address.


:: '''a'''. With FIM barcode to the left

[[File:PC-F4.5 250415.png|right|500px]]


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
'''PC-F4.6. &quot;EasyPost&quot; ''' (digital/thermal), 2026.

::: Easypost Logo same as &quot;'''PC-F4.4'''&quot; without the web address.
::: &quot;'''US POSTAGE PAID IMI'''&quot;


[[File:PC-F4.6 250901B.png|right|500px]]


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


[[File:PC-F55.png|right|500px]]

'''PC-F5. &quot;Chit Chats&quot; ''' (digital/thermal), 2023.

::: Similar to &quot;'''PC-F4.2'''&quot;
::: Easypost Logo replaced by &quot;'''Chit Chats'''&quot;
: V/F: {{space|4}} $0.00


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


[[File:PC-F6.png|right|500px]]

'''PC-F6. &quot;Sendle&quot; ''' (digital/thermal), 2023.

::: Similar to &quot;'''PC-F4.1'''&quot;
::: Easypost Logo replaced by &quot;'''Sendle&gt;'''&quot;


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


----

===={{font|size=4|color=#2a3439|Sub-group PC-G: Franks generated by U.S. Postal Service software, without a vendor's identification number.}}====

{{font/top|size=3|color=#0018A8}}
* These stamps are a type of Post Office stamp (Group PO) but because they are generated online at the Postal Services's web site, they are listed here..
* The stamp was first reported in 2021.
{{font/end}}


----
&lt;br&gt;
{{font/top|size=3|color=black}}

[[File: USA meter stamp PC-G1.jpg|right|400px]]

'''PC-G1.''' (digital), 2021 but possibly earlier.
: The stamp is a large tracking label similar to Type PC-C5.1 with the USPS logo and &quot;Click-N-Ship&quot;® in the top panel. The ''postage'' part of the label is immediately below and at right. It contains in its upper left corner, &quot;usps.com, the value figures, '''US POSTAGE''', and a rate statement. The date is at lower left. At top right is a tracking number. At lower center is '''Mailed from''' and the ZIP code. In the center is a larger '''U.S. POSTAGE PAID''' above a small '''Click-N-Ship'''®, all backed by a field of wavy pale blue lines.
: V/F:  $(00)0.00
[[File: USA meter stamp PC-G1 detail.jpg|left|500px]]
{{font/end}}

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


[[File: PC-G2.png|right|400px]]

'''PC-G2.1''' (digital), 2023 but possibly earlier.
: Similar to &quot;'''PC-G1'''&quot; but with a square Datamatrix barcode at the right of box &quot;'''B2'''&quot;.
: Includes numbers to right of date, perhaps customer ID
: Label type &quot;'''FS6'''&quot;
: V/F:  $(00)0.00


{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Mail Rate Class
! Type
! Date
! Mailed from Zip Code
! &quot;'''Box C'''&quot; Mail Class
|-
| P
| Flat Rate Env
| 05/08/2023 
| 63005
| XXX
|-
| G
| Insured
| 06/20/2024
| 02453
| VI
|-
| 
| 
|
|
|}


: &lt;u&gt;''' [[/Mail class and other descriptive types/|Click here for Mail Class type description]]'''&lt;/u&gt;


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


[[File: PC-G2.2.png|right|250px]]
'''PC-G2.2''' (digital), 2024 but possibly earlier.
: Similar to &quot;'''PC-G2.1'''&quot; but with security print under &quot;US POSTAGE PAID&quot; more heavily segmented
: Includes numbers to right of date, perhaps customer ID
: Label type &quot;'''FS6'''&quot;
: V/F:  $(00)0.00


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


[[File: PPS-G2.3.png|right|400px]]
'''PC-G2.3''' (digital), 2024 but possibly earlier.
: Security print in &quot;Box B2&quot; similar to &quot;'''PC-G2.1'''&quot; but 
: &quot;Box D&quot; more similar to &quot;'''PC-G2.2'''&quot;
: Includes numbers to right of date, perhaps customer ID
: Label type &quot;'''FS6'''&quot;
: V/F:  $(00)0.00

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


[[File: PC-G2.4.png|right|400px]]
'''PC-G2.4''' (digital), 2024 
: Security print in &quot;Box B2&quot; similar to &quot;'''PC-G2.1'''&quot; but 
: Box A with USPS logo to left, &quot;USPS APIs&quot; to right
: &quot;Box D&quot; only with return address and destination to the right of 2D barcode
: Includes numbers to right of date, perhaps customer ID
: Label type &quot;'''FS6'''&quot;


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


'''PC-G2.5''' (digital), 2026 [[File: PC-G2.5 260630.png|right|250px]]
: USPS Emblem at left, above &quot;'''USPS APIs'''&quot;
: Barcode at right, above date,  &quot;'''US POSTAGE'''&quot;
: Value &quot;'''$0.00'''&quot;
: Postage class at base (?)
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


{{font|size=1|color=blue|''Type '''RE4''' in 2001 edition''}}[[File: USA PC-G2.jpg|right|550px]]

'''PC-G3. Envelope Manager Software (Endicia Inc.) '''. 
: Stamp similar to PC-E2.1 with &quot;PDF417&quot; barcode but with panel at top containing USPS eagle logo at left and '''Click-N-Ship'''&amp;reg; logo at right.
: This appears to be a replacement for type PC-E2.1.
: Without identification number
: See also &quot;'''PC-E2.2'''&quot; for similar item with identification number starting with &quot;071V&quot;

: V/F: {{space|4}} $(0)0'''.'''00, 


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


----

===={{font|size=4|color=#2a3439|1=Sub-group PC-H: Franks generated by Francotyp-Postalia software, with &quot;FP&quot; logo in the frank}}====

{{font/top|size=3|color=#0018A8}}
* Francotyp-Postalia first entered the U.S. postage meter market in 2000. Only one stamp has been reported so far, and it is dated from 2019. Earlier dates are likely.
{{font/end}}

{{font|size=3|color=red|'' The status of this item has been questioned, more information or scans would be important to have, please reply to editor.''}}
----
&lt;br&gt;
{{font/top|size=3|color=black}}

[[File: USA meter stamp PC-H1.jpg|right|500px]]

'''PC-H1. &quot;Francotyp-Postalia&quot; ''' (digital/thermal), 2019 but probably earlier.
: The one stamp reported appears on alarge address label with the top (postage) section containing a PDF417 barcode.
: Above the barcode are, at left: the value figures and date, at center: the FP logo, and at right: '''US POSTAGE''', Mailed From [5-digit ZIP code], and the identification number with 032A prefix.

: '''ComBasPrice''' appears below the date on this stamp.
: The stamp is in a frame with large mail class indicator at left and the class of mail spelled out below.

: V/F:  $ (00)0.000
{{font/end}}
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
----

===={{font|size=4|color=#2a3439|1=Sub-group PC-I: Franks generated by stamps/endicia}}====
----
'''PC-I''' 2005.

:  With &quot;''''''PC-I4'''
: All group &quot;'''PC-I'''&quot; '''stamps&lt;sub&gt;endicia&lt;/sub&gt;''' logo  replacing the stamps.com logo right of &quot;PDF417(7)&quot; barcode. 
: &quot;US POSTAGE &amp; FEES PAID&quot; at top left above rate statement.
: &lt;u&gt;''' [[/Mail class and other descriptive types/|Click here for type description]]'''&lt;/u&gt;


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
'''PC-I1.'''. 2 lines at upper right, Meter number/zip code (Box B2).
::: {{space|10}} Stamp at top right of address label with large mail class indicator (of various sizes) or solid block to its left (Box B1) and the class of mail spelled out below (Box C).


'''PC-I1.1.''' Prefix &quot;'''026W'''&quot; [[File: PC-I1.1 260706.png|right|450px]]
{{font/top|size=2}}
: ’’’Known usage’’’:

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Form size
! Box B1 Type
! Box C Type
! &lt;u&gt;Meter no's&lt;/u&gt;
! 
! Line A type
! Line B type
! Line C type
! Date
! Zip
! City
! Notes
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''I'''
| 026W00048272786
| &quot;'''FREES'''&quot;
| A1
| B1
| C3
| 04/11/2022
| 07036
| LINDEN, NJ
| Box F: order info?
|-
| 
|
| 
| 
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| 
| 
| 
| 
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|}
{{font/end}}
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
::: '''PC-I1.2.''' Prefix &quot;'''062S'''&quot;  
{{font/top|size=2}}
[[File: PC-C2.4.2A.png|right|450px]]
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Form size
! Box B1 Type
! Box C Type
! &lt;u&gt;Meter no's&lt;/u&gt;
! 
! Line A type
! Line B type
! Line C type
! Date
! Zip
! City
! Notes
|-
| FS5
| '''1'''
| '''XXXIV'''
| 062S0000618312
| 
| A4
| B0
| C5
| 04/16/2019
| 92373
| INGLEWOOD CA
| Box E: Blank, no tracking #, Framed
|-
| FS5
| '''1'''
| '''XXXIV'''
| 062S0000618312
| 
| A4
| B0
| C5
| 02/25/2020
| 92373
| INGLEWOOD CA
| Box E: Blank, no tracking #, Framed
|-
| FS5
| '''1'''
| '''XXXIV'''
| 062S0000618312
| 
| A6
| 
| C5
| 01/02/2020
| 92373
| INGLEWOOD CA
| Box E: Blank, no tracking #, Framed
|-
| FS5
| '''1'''
| '''XXXIV'''
| 062S0000618312
| 
| A6
| 
| C5
| 01/30/2020
| 92373
| INGLEWOOD CA
| Box E: Blank, no tracking #, 
|-
| FS5
| '''1'''
| '''XXXIV'''
| 062S0000618312
| 
| A4
| B0
| C5
| 05/19/2020
| 92324
| INGLEWOOD CA
| Box E: Blank, no tracking #, Framed
|-
| FS5
| '''P'''
| '''V'''
| 062S0006097059
|
| A5
| B7
| C4
| 10/05/2018
| 45177
| VALENCIA CA
| Order info
|-
| FS5
| '''E'''
| '''XXXV'''
| 062S0006097059
|
| A19
| B2
| C3
| 11/25/2019
| 45177
| VALENCIA CA
| Order info
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| III
| 062S0009416802
| 
| A1
| B1
| C3
| 05/10/2022
| 14150
| Chesterfield MI
| Order info, framed
|}
{{font/end}}

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


[[File: USA meter stamp PC-C2.5C.jpg|right|890px]]
[[File: USA meter stamp PC-C2p5B.jpg|right|860px]]

'''PC-I1.3 ''' 2014.

: Similar to Type PC-C2.4 but the '''stamps&lt;sub&gt;endicia&lt;/sub&gt;''' logo is above the right end of the &quot;PDF417{8)&quot; barcode.
: Meter number with 062S prefix. 
: Manufacturer's logo is &quot;'''stamps endicia'''&quot;. 
:: '''.1'''.  With value figures: {{spaces|5}} $00'''.'''00
:: '''.2'''.  With &quot;US POSTAGE &amp; FEES PAID&quot; instead of value figures.

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
 

'''PC-I1.4''' ''2015.''
: Very similar to Type PC-C2.3B but &quot;U.S. POSTAGE&quot; is right of the value figures rather than below them.
: Meter number with 062S prefix.
: PDF417(7) barcode
: Manufacturer's logo is '''stamps&lt;sub&gt;endicia&lt;/sub&gt;''' logo[[File: PC-C2.6B.png|right|500px]]
: V/F: {{space|4}} $(0)0'''.'''00 


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


'''PC-I1.5.''' 2020.

: With barcode as with  previous PC-C2 types but with the value figures and &quot;US POSTAGE&quot; at top above the date and &quot;Mailed from ZIP&quot; and ZIP code.

: Below the bar code is the '''stamps&lt;sub&gt;endicia&lt;/sub&gt;''' logo at left and the identification number at right.
: The identification number prefix is uncertain as the stamp we have seen appears to suffer from a software glitch. (See the illustration.)
: PDF417(4) barcode
: V/F: {{space|4}} $0'''.'''00

:: '''1'''. Manufacturer's logo is '''stamps endicia'''  large 
:: '''2'''. Manufacturer's logo is '''stamps endicia'''  small 
[[File: USA meter stamp PC-C2.8.jpg|left|400px]]
[[File: PC-C2.8B.png|right|400px]]
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


'''PC-I1.6.''' 2021.
: Similar to PC-C2.8 but with a rate statement rather than value figures.
: Above the &quot;PDF417(7)&quot; bar code:
:- US POSTAGE AND FEES PAID
:- date, Mailed from ZIP [code]
:- weight and rate statement(s)
: Below the bar code: '''stamps&lt;sub&gt;endicia&lt;/sub&gt;''' logo at left and the identification number with 062S prefix at right

:: '''1'''. Large '''stamps&lt;sub&gt;endicia&lt;/sub&gt;''' logo, 062S with 7 digits
:: '''2'''. Small '''stamps&lt;sub&gt;endicia&lt;/sub&gt;''' logo, 062S with 10 digits, FS5 label 

[[File: USA meter stamp PC-C2.9.jpg|left|400px]]
[[File: PC-C2.9B.png|right|400px]]


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


'''PC-I1.7.''' 2025. [[File: PC-C8 250601.png|right|360px]]

: Similar to types &quot;'''PC-C2.1, PC-C2.2'''&quot;
: Corporate logo as '''stamps&lt;sub&gt;endicia&lt;/sub&gt;''' logo
: Town line with town, state and ZIP code or with '''MAILED FROM''' and ZIP code.
: Identification number with 062S prefix below right of 2D &quot;PDF417(3)&quot; barcode.
: With &quot;'''FIM'''&quot; barcode at upper left
: V/F: {{space|4}} $0'''.'''00


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


{{font/top|size=2|color=black}}
'''PC-I2.1'''. 3 lines at upper right, Meter number / customer ID number / zip code ('''Box B2'''). '''Box F''' blank or with Proprietary info.
:::{{space|10}}Stamp at top right of address label with large mail class indicator (of various sizes) or solid block to its left (Box B1) and the class of mail spelled out below (Box C).
::: {{space|10}} PDF417(7) across bottom
[[File:USA meter stamp PC-C2p4ccc.jpg|right|450px]]
: &lt;u&gt;''' [[/Mail class and other descriptive types/|Click here for type description]]'''&lt;/u&gt;

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Form size
! Box B1 Type
! Box C Type
! &lt;u&gt;Meter no's&lt;/u&gt;
! Customer ID
! Line A type
! Line B type
! Line C type
! Date
! Zip
! City
! Notes
|-

| FS5?
| BLACK
| '''VIII'''
| 062S0001435225
| 11675116
| A7
| B1
| 
| 02/24/2023
| 91311 
| CHATSWORTH, CA
| BOX F: order info
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''III'''
| 062S00014423--
| 8014--
| A1
| B1
| C3
| 12/12/2022
| 84032
| HEBER CITY, UT
| Box F= order info
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''III'''
| 062S0001442380
| 9726250
| A1
| B1
| C3
| 12/15/2022
| 28674
| PINEHURST, NC
| Box F= order info
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''III'''
| 062S0001442584
| 7557381
| A1
| B1
| C3
| 12/21/2022
| 37211
| NASHVILLE, TN
| 
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''III'''
| 062S0001442597
| 7395525
| A1
| B1
| C3
| 01/10/2023
| 90058
| VERNON, CA
| Box F= order info
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''III'''
| 062S0001442618
| 7395525
| A1
| B1
| C3
| 01/10/2023
| 92618
| IRVINE, CA
| Box F= order info
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''III'''
| 062S0001442648
| 7535523
| A1
| B1
| C3
| 12/15/2022
| 54115
| DE PERE, WI
| Box F= order info
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''III'''
| 062S0001442652
| 7535523
| A1
| B1
| C3
| 12/16/2022
| 54115
| DE PERE, WI
| Box F= order info
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''III'''
| 062S0001442674
| 7460441
| A1
| B1
| C3
| 12/21/2022
| 63367
| LAKE SAINT LOUIS, MO
| Box F= order info
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''III'''
| 062S0001442685
| 9619750
| A1
| B1
| C3
| 01/11/2023
| 94931
| COTATI, CA
| Box F= order info
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''III'''
| 062S000144269-
| 7395525
| A1
| B1
| C3
| 01/11/2023
| 90058
| VERNON, CA
| Box F= order info
|-
| FS5?
| '''P'''
| '''V'''
| 062S0001443299
| 6080690
| A5
| B5
| C4
| 11/17/2022
| 32174
| ORMOND BEACH, FL
| 
|-
| FS5?
| '''F'''
| '''III'''
| 062S0001484855
| 17633955 
| A1
| B1
| C3
| 03/08/2023  
| 68048
| PLATTSMOUTH, (NE)
| PC malfunction? Missing Box B2 barcode and insignia
|-
| FS5?
| '''F'''
| '''I'''
| 062S0009145384
| 8290678 
| A1
| B3
| C1
| 02/05/2018
| 98338  
| GRAHAM, WA
|
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''III'''
| 062S0008589402
| 7557381
| A1
| B1
| C3
| 09/19/2022  
| 37211
| NASHVILLE, TN
| 
|-
| FS5?
| '''F'''
| '''III'''
| 062S0009146178
| 8239329
| A1
| B1
| C3
| 09/21/2022  
| 60543
| OSWEGO, IL
| Box F order info
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''III'''
| 062S0009418949
| 7523319
| A1
| B2
| C3
| 09/22/2020  
| 30518
| Buford, GA
| Box F order info
|-
| FS5?
| '''F'''
| '''I'''
| 062S0009564660
| 7778491
| A1
| B3
| C3
| 10/22/2018
| 91304
| CANOGA PARK, CA
| BOX F with Business Info
|-
| FS5
| '''P'''
| '''V'''
| 062S0009564879
| 7733098
| A20
| B6
| C3
| 10/17/2022
| 33619
| TAMPA, FL
|
|-
| FS5?
| '''1'''
| '''I'''
| 062S0009565018
| 10860336
| A4
| B0
| C5
| 04/06/2020 
| 33458 
| JUPITER, FL
|
|-
| FS5
| '''P'''
| '''V'''
| 062S0010887747
| 8128979
| A3
| B1
| C4
| 06/13/2022
| 33167
| MIAMI, FL
| BOX F with Prop Info
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''II'''
| 062S0010937521
| 10709064
| A1
| B1
| C3
| 02/08/2021
| 92648
| HUNTINGTON BEACH, CA
| BOX F with Order Info
|-
| FS5
| '''X'''
| '''II'''
| 062S0010984631
| 10354575
| A8
| B2
| C3
| 04/27/2020
| 11791
| SYOSSET, FL (ERROR FOR NY)
| BOX F ORDER Info
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''III'''
| 062S0011128915
| 8051382
| A2
| B1
| C3
| 10/19/2020
| 53715
| MADISON, WI
| 
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''III'''
| 062S0011129014
| 8051382
| A2
| B1
| C3
| 09/30/2020
| 53715
| MADISON, WI
| 
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''XXXIV'''
| 062S0011268712
| 6822160
| A1
| B2
| C3
| 04/24/2020
| 99224
| Spokane, WA
| 
|-
| FS5?
| '''P'''
| '''IV'''
| 062S0011682632 
| 10232544
| A3
| B1
| C4
| 02/08/2021
| 31558
| SAINT MARYS, GA
| 
|-
| FS4?
| '''P'''
| '''IV'''
| 062S0011682632 
| 10232544
| A3
| B1
| C4
| 09/29/2022
| 31558
| SAINT MARYS, GA
| 
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''XXXIV'''
| 062S0011692018
| 9897390
| A1
| B1
| C3
| 01/30/2020
| 55358
| Maple Lake, MN
| order info in Box F
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''III'''
| 062S0011692109
| 9897299
| A1
| B1
| C3
| 09/19/2022
| 30101
| ACWORTH, GA
| BOX F with Order Info
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''III'''
| 062S0012584392
| 5455555
| A1
| B1
| C3
| 10/27/2020
| 33458
| JUPITER, FL
| 
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''III'''
| 062S0012584433
| 16035441
| A1
| B1
| C3
| 09/19/2022
| 84096
| HERRIMAN, UT
| BOX F with Order Info
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''III'''
| 062S0012584494  
| 6916215
| A1
| B1
| C3
| 09/21/2022
| 85298
| GILBERT, AZ
| 
|-
| FS5
| '''P'''
| '''V'''
| 062S0012584517
| 17771454
| A5
| B5
| C4
| 08/22/2022
| 32401
| PANAMA CITY, FL
| 
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''III'''
| 062S0012584551 
| 7778491
| A1
| B1
| C3
| 06/12/2020
| 91311 
| CHATSWORTH, CA
| BOX F with Order Info
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''III'''
| 062S0012584560
| 17663543 
| A1
| B1
| C3
| 09/21/2022 
| 27525 
| FUQUAY VARINA, NC
| Please Do Not Bend
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''III'''
| 062S0012584561
| 8072505
| A1
| B1
| C3
| 06/28/2022 
| 06475 
| OLD SAYBROOK, CT
| BOX F with Order Info
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''III'''
| 062S0013352599
| 10538570
| A1
| B1
| C4
| 09/21/2022 
| 45249
| CINCINNATI, OH
| BOX F with Order Info
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''III'''
| 062S0013352605
| 8072505 
| A1
| B2
| C3
| 06/28/2022 
| 06475
| OLD SAYBROOK, CT
| BOX F with Order Info
|-
| FS5
| BLACK FILL
| '''VIII'''
| 062S0014949809
| 7542988
| A7
| B1
| 
| 03/25/2024
| 80116
| FRANKTOWN, CO
|
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''III'''
| 062S0014950040
| 10137355
| A1
| B1
| C3
| 11/16/2022  
| 38474
| MOUNT PLEASANT, TN
| BOX F with Order Info

|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''III'''
| 062S0014950074
| 8014787
| A1
| B1
| C3
| 12/15/2022  
| 84032
| HEBER CITY, UT
| Box F:Thank You For Your Order
|-
| FS5
| '''P'''
| '''V'''
| 062S0014950080
| 8014787
| A5
| B4
| C4
| 12/12/2022  
| 84032
| HEBER CITY, UT
| BOX F &quot;Thank you for your order!&quot;
|-
| FS5
| '''P'''
| '''V'''
| 062S0014950085
| 9765391
| A5
| B5
| C4
| 11/11/2022
| 84606
| SPRINGVILLE, UT
| BOX F with order Info
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''III'''
| 062S0014950089
| 9716903
| A1
| B1
| C3
| 11/02/2022  
| 83442
| AMMON, ID
| BOX F with Order Info
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''III'''
| 062S0014950092
| 9728837
| A1
| B1
| C3
| 11/10/2022  
| 84026
| FORT DUCHESNE, UT
| BOX F with Order Info
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''III'''
| 062S0014950241 
| 8570771
| A1
| B1
| C3
| 11/19/2022
| 84062
| PLEASANT GROVE, UT
| 
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''III'''
| 062S0014950278 
| 17957223
| A1
| B1
| C3
| 01/03/2023
| 78245
| SAN ANTONIO, TX
| 
|-
| FS5?
| '''G'''
| '''VI'''
| 062S0014950365
| 580628?
| A6
| B2
| C3
| 09/13/2023
| 75041
| 
| 
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''III'''
| 062S0014950507 
| 6080690
| A2
| B1
| C3
| 11/17/2022
| 32174
| ORMOND BEACH, FL
| 
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''III'''
| 062S0014950544 
| 10875452
| A2
| B1
| C3
| 03/14/2023
| 19317
| CHADDS FORD, PA
| 
|}
{{font/end}}


{{font/top|size=2|color=black}}
:: '''PC-I2.2'''. ''2023''
::: {{space|10}} 3 lines at upper right, Meter number / customer ID number / zip code ('''Box B2'''). 
::: {{space|10}} Stamp at top right of address label with large mail class indicator (of various sizes) or solid block to its left (Box B1) and the class of mail spelled out below (Box C).
::: {{space|10}} Large mail class indicator font is &quot;'''Arial Nova Bold'''&quot;
::: {{space|10}} PDF417(8) across bottom
: &lt;u&gt;''' [[/Mail class and other descriptive types/|Click here for type description]]'''&lt;/u&gt;
[[File: PC-C2.4.2C.0 250331.png|right|450px]]


{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Form size
! Box B1 Type
! Box C Type
! &lt;u&gt;Meter no's&lt;/u&gt;
! Customer ID
! Line A type
! Line B type
! Line C type
! Date
! Zip
! City
! Notes
|-
| FS5
| '''P'''
| '''VI'''
| 062S0001442545
| 7537397
| A3
| B1
| C7
| 01/22/2024
| 48212
| HAMTRAMCK, MI
| Box F: Order info.

|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''III'''
| 062S0001443325
| 11683909
| A2
| B2
| C3
| 06/28/2023
| 46323
| HAMMOND, IN
|

|-
| FS5
| '''G'''
| '''VI'''
| 062S0014950062
| 9717116
| A9
| B2
| C3
| 03/16/2024
| 98467
| UNIVERSITY PL, WA
| Box F: Order Info
|-
| FS5
| '''G'''
| '''VI'''
| 062S0014950187
| 4998344
| A9
| B2
| C3
| 02/27/2024
| 91761
| ONTARIO, CA
| Box F: Order Info
|-
| FS5
| '''G'''
| '''VI'''
| 062S0014950544
| 19750766
| A9
| B2
| C7
| 08/22/2024
| 93105
| SANTA BARBARA, CA
| Green band at top and a portion of left
|-
| FS5?
| '''G'''
| '''VI'''
| 062S0014950560
| 17195820
| A9
| B2
| C3
| 10/12/2023
| 85013
| PHOENIX, AZ
|
|-
| FS5
| '''G'''
| '''VI'''
| ?
| 6636835
| A14
| B6
| C7
| 05/01/2024
| 43228
| COLUMBUS, OH
| Box F: Order Info
|}

{{font/end}}

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

{{font/top|size=2|color=black}}
:: '''PC-I2.3'''. ''2024''[[File: PC-C2.4.2C.png|right|450px]]
::: {{space|10}} 3 lines at upper right, Meter number / customer ID number / zip code ('''Box B2'''). 
::: {{space|10}} Stamp at top right of address label with large mail class indicator (of various sizes) or solid block to its left (Box B1) and the class of mail spelled out below (Box C).
::: {{space|10}} Large mail class indicator font is &quot;'''New Helvetica Bold'''&quot;
::: {{space|10}} PDF417(8) across bottom
: &lt;u&gt;''' [[/Mail class and other descriptive types/|Click here for type description]]'''&lt;/u&gt;


{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Form size
! Box B1 Type
! Box C Type
! &lt;u&gt;Meter no's&lt;/u&gt;
! Customer ID
! Line A type
! Line B type
! Line C type
! Date
! Zip
! City
! Notes
|-
| FS5
| '''G'''
| '''VI'''
| 062S0001443239
| 6928035
| A9
| B2
| C3
| 01/22/2024
| 91733
| EL MONTE, CA
| Box F: Order info.
|}

{{font/end}}


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
'''PC-I3'''
: All group &quot;'''PC-I'''&quot; with &quot;'''IBI-Lite'''&quot;  barcode 

[[File: USA meter stamp PC-C3.2C label.jpeg|right|380px]]
'''PC-I3.1.'''. '''stamps&lt;sub&gt;endicia&lt;/sub&gt;''' logo, identification number with '''062S''' prefix.

:: '''1'''. Identification number omitted (possible printer misalignment)
:: '''2'''. Numeric month in date, as: {{space|4}} 00/00/2018
:: '''3'''. With &quot;FIM&quot; barcode to left

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


[[File:USA meter stamp PC-C3.4 actual.jpg|right|370px]]

'''PC-I3.2.''' 2021.
: As Type PC-C3.3 but with '''stamps&lt;sub&gt;endicia&lt;/sub&gt;''' logo at right.
: Identification number with 062S prefix. 
: V/F: {{space|4}} $0'''.'''00&lt;u&gt;o&lt;/u&gt;
'''NOTE''': Seen on plain white self-adhesive labels with rounded corners.

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


'''PC-I4'''
: All group &quot;'''PC-I'''&quot; with DataMatrix 2-D barcode 


'''PC-I4.1.''' 2020. [[File:USA meter stamp PC-C4.3.jpg|right|390px]]

: '''stamps&lt;sub&gt;endicia&lt;/sub&gt;''' logo reads down at right of the 2D barcode, and the ID number is below the barcode.
: Meter Identification number with 062S prefix.
: Value figures and &quot;US POSTAGE&quot;, mail class, date, &quot;Mailed from ZIP&quot; and code. V/F: {{space|4}} $0'''.'''00
: &lt;u&gt;''' [[/Mail class and other descriptive types/|Click here for type description]]'''&lt;/u&gt;


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

[[File: USA meter stamp PC-C4.1E.jpg|right|800px]]


'''PC-I4.2.'''. As '''PC-C4.1.1.''', with new company  logo, '''stamps&lt;sub&gt;endicia&lt;/sub&gt;''' logo


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

'''PC-I4.3 ''' 2023. 

: DataMatrix 2-D barcode at right
: '''stamps&lt;sub&gt;endicia&lt;/sub&gt;''' logo is to the right of the &quot;DataMatrix(4)&quot; barcode.
: &quot;FIM&quot; barcode at top left
: Meter number with 062S prefix. 

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


'''PC-I4.4.'''. As '''PC-C5.2.''', with  '''stamps&lt;sub&gt;endicia&lt;/sub&gt;''' logo [[File: PC-C5.3.png|right|540px]]

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


'''PC-I4.4.3.'''. As'''PC-I4.4.1.''', Without value figures. &quot;US POSTAGE &amp; FEES PAID&quot; at top

: '''stamps&lt;sub&gt;endicia&lt;/sub&gt;''' logo reads down at right of the 2D barcode, and the ID number is below the barcode.
: Meter Identification number with 062S or 071S prefix.
: Small Mail Class letter, shorter than the barcode.[[File:PC-C4.3B2.png|right|450px]]
: Prefix &quot;'''071'''&quot;


{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Form size
! Box B1 Type
! Box C Type
! &lt;u&gt;Meter no's&lt;/u&gt;
! Customer ID
! Line A type
! Line B type
! Line C type
! Date
! Zip
! City
! Notes
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''XI'''
| 071S00894672
| 
| A10
| 
| C6
| Apr 15 2022
| 90021
| (RIALTO CA)
|
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''XI'''
| 071S00894672
| 
| A10
| 
| C6
| Feb 09 2023
| 90021
| (NEWARK NJ)
|
|}

{{font/end}}
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


'''PC-I4.4.4.'''. As'''PC-I4.4.3.''', Without value figures. &quot;US POSTAGE &amp; FEES PAID&quot; at top

: '''stamps&lt;sub&gt;endicia&lt;/sub&gt;''' logo reads down at right of the 2D barcode, and the ID number is below the barcode.
: Meter Identification number with 062S or 071S prefix.
: Large Mail Class letter, taller than the barcode.[[File:USA meter stamp PC-C4.3B.jpg|right|450px]]
: Prefix &quot;'''071S'''&quot;


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


'''PC-I4.5.1.''' 2020. [[File:USA meter stamp PC-C4.3.jpg|right|390px]]

: '''stamps&lt;sub&gt;endicia&lt;/sub&gt;''' logo reads down at right of the 2D barcode, and the ID number is below the barcode.
: Meter Identification number with 062S prefix.
: Value figures and &quot;US POSTAGE&quot;, mail class, date, &quot;Mailed from ZIP&quot; and code. V/F: {{space|4}} $0'''.'''00
: &lt;u&gt;''' [[/Mail class and other descriptive types/|Click here for type description]]'''&lt;/u&gt;


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


{{font/top|size=2|color=black}}
'''PC-I4.5.2.'''. As'''PC-I4.4.1.''', Without value figures. &quot;US POSTAGE &amp; FEES PAID&quot; at top

: '''stamps&lt;sub&gt;endicia&lt;/sub&gt;''' logo reads down at right of the 2D barcode, and the ID number is below the barcode.
: Meter Identification number with 062S or 071S prefix.
: Small Mail Class letter, shorter than the barcode.[[File:PC-C4.3B2.png|right|450px]]
: Prefix &quot;'''062S'''&quot;

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Form size
! Box B1 Type
! Box C Type
! &lt;u&gt;Meter no's&lt;/u&gt;
! Customer ID
! Line A type
! Line B type
! Line C type
! Date
! Zip
! City
! Notes
|-
| FS4
| '''G'''
| '''XXIX'''
| 062S0001442198
| 11613058
| A14
| B2
| C7
| Jul 05 2024
| 54914
| APPLETON, WI
| 
|-
| FS4
| '''G'''
| '''XXIX'''
| 062S0001442222
| 11613058
| A14
| B2
| C7
| Jun 07 2024
| 54914
| APPLETON, WI
| 
|-
| FS4
| BLACK
| '''VIII'''
| 062S0009761530
| 13928181
| A7
| B1
| 
| Feb 02 2023
| 48375
| NOVI, MI
| 
|-
| FS4
| '''F'''
| '''X'''
| 062S0010968105
| 12429570
| A10
|
| C6
| Sep 20 2022
| 32207
| JACKSONVILLE, FL
|
|-
| FS4
| '''F'''
| '''XI'''
| 062S0012584411
| 17222940
| A10
| 
| C6
| Aug 22 2022
| 33634
| TAMPA FL
|
|-
| FS4
| '''F'''
| '''XI'''
| 062S0013352605
| 17222940
| A10
|
| C6
| Aug 22 2022
| 33634
| TAMPA FL
|
|-
| FS4
| '''F'''
| '''XI'''
| 062S0014950307
| 17222940
| A1
| B2
| C6
| Nov 10 2022
| 33634
| TAMPA FL
|
|-
| FS4
| '''G'''
| '''XXIX'''
| 062S0014949919
| 11613058
| A14
| B2
| C7
| Sep 04 2024
| 54914
| APPLETON, WI
| 
|-
| FS4
| '''F'''
| '''XI'''
| 062S0014950343
| 11746372
| A1
| B2
| C6
| Mar 06 2023
| 11716
| BOHEMIA NY
|
|}

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

===={{font|size=4|color=#2a3439|Franks with &quot;E-postage&quot; or variant in the frank}}====
----

&lt;br&gt;

{{font/top|size=3}}
* Shipping labels with '''E-Postage''', '''ePostage''', '''ePOSTAGE''' and other variants in the frank were first reported in 2011. They are used by online commerce companies with business volumes large enough to justify special arrangements with shippers such as USPS, FedX, and UPS. 

* E-Postage is a program developed by USPS to accommodate the growth of ecommerce. Online merchants such as Amazon and Etsy use ePostage. In 2016 new company Shippo began operation as a shipping aggregator offering ePostage to any business.

* The stamps appear to be more like &quot;post paid&quot; permit stamps rather than metered mail but are shown here until we determine their exact nature.
[[File: USA stamp type PC-F2.jpg|right|500px]]
[[File: USA stamp type PC-F14.jpg|right|500px]]
[[File: USA stamp type PC-F1bb.jpeg|right|300px]]

* The stamps are found only on address labels with the top section having an enclosed mail-service letter at left and a frank box at right above a panel containing the mail class.
: The central section contains the return address, date, and addressee.
: The stamps show no value figures or identification number.
: The labels do include a tracking bar code and number.
: So far they have been found in two general formats:
:: '''-''' With single-line border surrounding the complete design, printed on label 135 mm tall
:: '''-''' With no outer border, printed on smaller label, 115 mm tall

* Known variations:
:: '''-''' Mail class appears in the frank box
:: '''-''' Incomplete box around mail-service letter at upper left
:: '''-''' Mailer's name repeated at top outside the frank box
:: '''-''' &quot;ComBasPrice&quot; appearing left of the frank box

'''NOTES''':
* Merchants have some control over the appearance of the stamp. The e-Postage designation is found in different fonts. The frank box is found in a variety of sizes with contents left justified or centered.
* When inaugurated in September 2011 only certain mail services were available through e-Postage system: Express Mail, Priority Mail, First-Class Mail parcels, Package Services (except Library Mail), and Parcel Select bar-coded non-presort.
* What is common to all e-Postage stamps is that the frank box contains e-Postage (or variant), U.S. POSTAGE PAID (or variant), and the mailer's identification.
{{font/end}}


----{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>qbh2xiykwnho27sozc565v00u5yxe7v</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4653421</id>
      <parentid>4653420</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-09T20:20:28Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Boris1951zz</username>
        <id>3378369</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* {{font|size=4|color=#2a3439|1=Sub-group PC-I: Franks generated by stamps/endicia}} */</comment>
      <origin>4653421</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="129319" sha1="lanuoaaaqt4baarlsedlbr3oobtyi76" xml:space="preserve">==&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #1F75FE;&quot;&gt;'''GROUP PC: Special designs generated by personal computer'''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;==
[[United_States_Postage_Meter_Stamp_Catalog |&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;''&lt;u&gt;Click here to return to the United States Postage Meter Stamp Catalog&lt;/u&gt;''&lt;/span&gt;]]

{{font/top|size=3|color=#08457E}}
'''NOTE''': ''All the stamps listed here are valid only on the date generated. PC stamps with unrestricted validity, i.e. savable for future use, are more like traditional stamps than meter stamps and thus are not cataloged here. PC stamps with unrestricted validity are cataloged in '''&lt;i&gt;USA: Variable Denomination Stamps (1989-2020)&lt;/i&gt;''' by Karim Roder (available on Amazon).''

* Group PC stamps can vary considerably in size, font styles, and color within the same stamp type depending on personal printer settings, available fonts, etc. Size variations or colors other than black are unusual but are user controlled variables (an attempt will be made to note said varieties in the usage lists).

* The stamps are found on plain paper and adhesive labels depending on what the user has in his printer. Self-adhesive labels are sold by the various PC stamp companies and also by outside vendors. These labels exist both with and without fluorescent tagging. As with color and font, paper or label type is a user controlled variable, however to a great extent the parameters are set by United States Postal Service ( see: https://postalpro.usps.com/parcellabelingguide). It is recommended that the collector save the '''entire label'''.

* PC stamps are often found in a frame at the top right of large address labels. To the left of the stamp is a smaller frame containing a large letter or number representing the class of mail. Codes found are: &quot;'''1'''&quot; (first class), &quot;'''fcm'''&quot; (first class), &quot;'''P'''&quot; (priority), &quot;'''E'''&quot; (express), &quot;'''M'''&quot; (media), &quot;'''T'''&quot; (parcel post), solid block (media, or other), &quot;'''H'''&quot; (Hazardous), &quot;'''G'''&quot; (Ground Advantage), &quot;'''X'''&quot; (Media). Not all the codes are found with all the stamp types that use the labels.

* 2-Dimensional barcodes occur in two major types and several subtypes:
::::: PDF417 A horizontally stacked 2-dimensional barcode, each consists of  2 punctuators, 2 indicators and a variable number of data blocks.

::::::  subvariety PDF417(4) has 4 datablocks [[File: PDF417-224.png|right|250px]]


::::::  subvariety PDF417(6) has 6 datablocks [[File: PDF417-226.png|right|275px]]


::::::  subvariety PDF417(7) has 7 datablocks [[File: PDF417-227.png|right|300px]]


::::::  subvariety PDF417(8) has 8 datablocks [[File: PDF417-228.png|right|350px]]


::::::  subvariety PDF417(9) has 9 datablocks [[File: PDF417-229.png|right|375px]]


::::::  subvariety PDF417(12) has 12 datablocks [[File: PDF417-2212.png|right|400px]]


::::: Data matrix is a 2 dimensional barcode consisting of square or rectangular data blocks

::::::  subvariety DM-2H (&quot;'''IBI-Lite'''&quot;) has 2 datablocks arranged horizontally [[File: DM-2HZ.png|right|100px]]


::::::  subvariety DM-2V (&quot;'''IBI-Lite'''&quot;) has 2 datablocks arranged vertically [[File: DM-2VR.png|right|50px]]


::::::  subvariety DM-4 has 4 datablocks arranged as a square [[File: DM-4SQ.png|right|100px]]


* PC stamps on labels the sizes of which are recommended by the '''USPS''', the sizes are  4 inches by 6 inches ('''FS''') in two subvarieties, 4 inches by 4 inches ('''FF'''), 6 inches by 2 inches ('''ST'''), and a form for customs declaration included. Many illustrations in the listings are of size 'FS' but with only one or two of the 5 or six horizontal sections of the label.
[[File: ST size.png|right|200px]]

[[File: FS5 size.jpg|left|200px]]
[[File: FF size.png|center|200px]]


[[File: CF size.png|center|400px]]


&lt;br&gt;{{center/top}}* * *
{{font|size=3|color=red|'''''NOTE''': &lt;br&gt;Several stamps in Group Q resemble stamps in Group PC. If you don't find what you are looking for here, check there.''}}{{center/end}}

{{font/end}}
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
----

===={{font|size=4|color=#2a3439|Sub-group PC-A: Franks from E-Stamp software, ID numbers with 05#E prefix}}====

{{font/top|size=3|color=#0018A8}}
* All stamps have large, negative “e” logo at top right and &quot;PDF417&quot; bar code across the bottom with identification number at bottom right.
* &quot;US Postage&quot; and date are at top center, usually below a mail classification statement.
* Found both with and without FIM barcode at top left and also with and without slogan or directional slug at left.
* One hundred FD covers were prepared by E-Stamp in cooperation with the National Postal Museum on March 31, 1998. Trials took place for several more months. The first day of national availability was September 27, 1999.
* Although we must assume other mail classes were available, only '''First Class''', '''First-Class''', '''Priority''', and '''Priority Mail''' have been reported.
* E-stamp ceased operations at the end of 2000.
{{font/end}}


{{font|size=3|color=red|'''''NOTE''': &lt;br&gt;For information on the various types of 2 dimensional barcodes see introduction to &quot;'''Group PC'''&quot; above''}}

----

&lt;br&gt;
{{font|size=1|color=blue|''Type '''RA1a''' in 2001 edition''}}[[File: USA stamp type PC-A1 FDC stamp.jpg|right|425px]]

'''PC-A1.10.''' March 31, 1998. {{space|2}} [RR]

: This stamp is found only on the First Day Covers prepared by E-Stamp and the National Postal Museum. ({{font|size=2|''See above''}}). They were sold for $100 each.
: The value figures are large, 4mm tall. 
: With &quot;FIM&quot; barcode at top left and PDF(7) 2-D barcode across the bottom.
: Mail class: &quot;First Class&quot; ({{font|size=2|''without hyphen''}}).
: Identification number with 051E prefix.
: V/F: {{space|4}}  {{font|size=5|$0'''.'''00&lt;sup&gt;&lt;u&gt;o&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;}}  {{space|4}} ({{font|size=2|''large figures, 4mm tall''}})

'''PC-A1.11.''' 1998. {{space|2}} [RR][[File: PC-A1.11 251004.png|right|375px]]

: This stamp is found only on covers by the National Postal Museum. ({{font|size=2|''See above''}}). They were sold for $100 each.
: The value figures are smaller than on &quot;'''PC-A1.10'''&quot; but larger than on &quot;'''PC-A1.2'''&quot; ettc.
: With &quot;FIM&quot; barcode at top left and PDF(7) 2-D barcode across the bottom.
: Mail class: &quot;First Class&quot; ({{font|size=2|''with hyphen''}}).
: Identification number with 051E prefix  and about the same length as in &quot;'''PC-A1.10'''&quot;
: V/F: {{space|4}}  {{font|size=5|$0'''.'''00&lt;sup&gt;&lt;u&gt;o&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;}}  {{space|4}} ({{font|size=2|''large figures, about 3½mm tall''}})

{{font|size=1|color=blue|''Type '''RA1e''' in 2001 edition''}}[[File: USA PC-A2.jpg|right|380px]]

'''PC-A1.2.''' 1998. {{space|2}} [S]
: As Type PC-A1.1 but with smaller value figures, 2 to 3mm tall.
: With &quot;FIM&quot; barcode at top left and PDF(7) 2-D barcode across the bottom.
: &quot;e-stamp.com&quot; normally at bottom left below the barcode. 
: ID# with 051E, 052E or 053E prefix.
: V/F: {{space|4}} $0'''.'''00 {{space|4}} ({{font|size=2|''small figures, 2-3mm tall''}})

: &lt;u&gt;Mail classes&lt;/u&gt;: &lt;sup&gt;{{font|color=red|♦}}&lt;/sup&gt;
:: '''A'''.  First-Class ({{font|size=2|''with hyphen''}})
:: '''B1'''. Priority {{space|2}} [R]
:: '''B2'''. Priority Mail {{space|2}} [R]

:: '''a'''. With &quot;Additional&quot; instead of mail class above &quot;US Postage&quot; {{space|2}} [R]
:: '''b'''. With recipient's identity instead of &quot;e-stamp.com&quot; at left below bar code field {{space|2}} [RR]
:: '''c'''. With 4-digit ZIP code

{{font|color=red|♦}} {{font|size=2|&quot;Express&quot; (or &quot;Express Mail&quot;) was an option but has not been reported by collectors.}}

{{font|size=3|color=red|'''''NOTE''': &lt;br&gt;For information on the various types of 2 dimensional barcodes see introduction to &quot;'''Group PC'''&quot; above''}}


{{font|size=1|color=blue|''Types '''RA1c and d''' in 2001 edition''}}[[File: USA meter stamp PC-A1p3A.jpg|right|380px]]

'''PC-A1.3.''' {{space|2}} [S]
: As Type PC-A1.2 but value figures show decimal fractions of a cent and have wide spacing between the dollar sign and the decimal digit with the other figures.
: ID# with 051E, 052E or 053E prefix.
: With &quot;FIM&quot; barcode at top left and PDF(7) 2-D barcode across the bottom.
: The mail classes are the same as for PC-A1.2.
:: '''A'''. V/F regular: {{space|4}} ${{space|2}} 0'''.'''00{{space|2}} &lt;sup&gt;&lt;u&gt;o&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;
:: '''B'''.  V/F italic: {{space|4}} ''${{space|2}} 0'''.'''00{{space|2}} &lt;sup&gt;&lt;u&gt;o&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;''

:: '''a'''. With &quot;Additional&quot; instead of mail class above &quot;US Postage&quot; {{space|2}} [R]


{{font|size=1|color=blue|''Type '''RA1b''' in 2001 edition''}}[[File: USA meter stamp PC-A1.4A.jpg|right|535px]]

'''PC-A1.4.'''
:  As PC-A1.3B but the value figures are spaced closely together.
:  With &quot;FIM&quot; barcode at top left and PDF(12) 2-D barcode across the bottom.
:: '''A'''.  Destination town name at bottom left below the barcode, and ID# with 051E prefix {{space|4}} [RRRR]&lt;sup&gt;{{font|color=red|♦}}&lt;/sup&gt;
:: '''B'''.  &quot;e-stamp.com&quot; at bottom left below the barcode, and ID# with 053E prefix {{space|4}} [S]
: The mail classes are the same as for PC-A1.2.
: V/F italic: {{space|4}} ''$0'''.'''00&lt;sup&gt;&lt;u&gt;o&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; ''

:: '''a'''. With &quot;Additional&quot; instead of mail class above &quot;US Postage&quot; {{space|2}} [R]

{{font|color=red|♦}} {{font|size=2|Type PC-A1.4A is possibly the first E-stamp placed in use with paying customers, earlier than when PC-A1.2, PC-A1.3, and PC-A1.4B were issued.}}


{{font|size=1|color=blue|''Type '''RA2''' in 2001 edition''}}[[File: USA meter stamp PC-A2.jpg|right|380px]]

'''PC-A2.''' March 2000. {{space|2}} [S]
:  As Type PC-A1.2 but the inscriptions are larger.
: &quot;e-stamp.com&quot; at bottom left below the barcode. 
:  With PDF(7) 2-D barcode across the bottom.
:  ID# with 053E prefix.
: V/F: {{space|4}} $ 0'''.'''00

: &lt;u&gt;Mail classes&lt;/u&gt;: &lt;sup&gt;{{font|color=red|♦}}&lt;/sup&gt;
:: '''A'''. First-Class ({{font|size=2|''with hyphen''}})
:: '''B'''. Priority Mail {{space|2}} [S]

[[File: USA PC-A2a.jpg|right|380px]]
:: '''a'''. With &quot;Additional&quot; instead of mail class above &quot;US Postage&quot; ({{font|size=2|''see below''}}) {{space|2}} [R]
:: '''b'''. &quot;Mailed From ZIP Code&quot; town line with 4-digit ZIP code instead of normal 5-digit code {{space|2}} [RR]

{{font|color=red|♦}} {{font|size=2|&quot;Express&quot; (or &quot;Express Mail&quot;) was an option but has not been reported by collectors.}}


----

===={{font|size=4|color=#2a3439|Sub-group PC-B: Franks from Neopost software, ID numbers with 04#N or NO4#N prefix}}====

{{font/top|size=3|color=#0018A8}}
* The stamp designs are quite different from each other. One has a four-pointed star logo, two have a torch in hand logo, and one has no logo. Even the bar codes are dissimilar.
* Neopost was the second company to enter the PC postage business with an experimental design sometime in early 1998. Circumstances of the trial remain unknown to us.
* Stamps are found both with and without FIM barcode at top left. Examples are not known with slogan or slug.
* &lt;u&gt;Classes of mail seen on PC-B stamps&lt;/u&gt;:

::{|
| '''A.''' {{space|4}} FIRST CLASS LTR [[File:MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|35px]]

| '''F.''' {{space|4}} PRIORITY ZONE 2 [[File:MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|35px]]

| '''M.''' {{space|4}} INTL LETTER

|-

| {{space|4}}  '''Aa.''' {{space|4}} 1ST CLASS LTR

| '''G.''' {{space|4}} PRIORITY ZONE 3

| '''N.''' {{space|4}} INTL CAN LTR

|-

| '''B.''' {{space|4}} 1ST CLASS OVERSZ

| '''H.''' {{space|4}} PRIORITY ZONE 4

| '''P.''' {{space|4}} INTL MEX LTR

|-

| {{space|4}}  '''Ba.''' {{space|4}} 1ST CLASS OVSZ

| '''I.''' {{space|4}} PRIORITY ZONE 5

| '''Q.''' {{space|4}} NEXT DAY EXP MAIL

|-

| '''C'''. {{space|4}} PRIORITY MAIL

| '''J.''' {{space|4}} PRIORITY ZONE 6

| '''R.''' {{space|4}} MEDIA MAIL

|-

| '''D.''' {{space|4}} PRIORITY LOCAL

| '''K.''' {{space|4}} PRIORITY ZONE 7

|-

| '''E.''' {{space|4}} PRIORITY ZONE 1

| '''L.''' {{space|4}} PRIORITY ZONE 8

|}
* Mail classes E through L were discontinued in June 2002. Examples are exceptionally rare. Most mail classes except the First Class variations are scarce to very rare.
* Neopost PC stamps became available nationally in May 1999.

{{font|size=3|color=red|'''''NOTE''': &lt;br&gt;For information on the various types of 2 dimensional barcodes see introduction to &quot;'''Group PC'''&quot; above''}}

{{font/end}}

----
&lt;br&gt;

'''PC-B1.''' {{font|color=green|''The stamp previously cataloged here has not been found used on actual mail. For this reason the Type has been deleted and the stamp re-cataloged as Type ESY-DF2 in the Essay section.''}}


{{font|size=1|color=blue|''Type '''RC1''' in 2001 edition''}}[[File: USA PC-D1.jpg|right|360px]]

'''PC-B2. ”Postage Plus”™''', '''“PC Stamp™”''', 1998. {{space|2}} [RRR]
: This too is an experimental stamp. It was first seen in live tests in and near Washington DC and parts of northern California. It was offered nationally in May 1999 but saw little use.
: The stamp was used by two different systems, &quot;Postage Plus&quot; which used a live internet connection, and &quot;PC Stamp&quot; which downloaded postage credit into a rented hardware vault. 
: The design shows at top right two horizontal bars with &quot;U.S. POSTAGE&quot; above the top one and the town line below the bottom one. Between the bars at right are a torch-in-hand logo left of small &quot;U.S. POSTAGE&quot; reading up. Also between the ars are the class of mail, the value figures (centered), and the date.
: PDF417(7) barcode across the bottom 
: With &quot;DEVICE and identification number at bottom right. 
: Meter number with N041N, N041NA, or 041N prefix.
: V/F: {{space|4}} $0'''.'''00

:: '''a'''. With &quot;CORRECTION&quot; at bottom left
:: '''b'''. With &quot;FIM&quot; baarcode at top left


{{font|size=3|color=red|'''''NOTE''': &lt;br&gt;For information on the various types of 2 dimensional barcodes see introduction to &quot;'''Group PC'''&quot; above''}}


{{font|size=1|color=blue|''Type '''RC2a''' in 2001 edition''}}[[File: USA meter stamp PC-B3.1.jpg|right|390px]]

'''PC-B3.1. “Simply Postage”™''', 1998. {{space|2}} [RR]
: Produced by an internet-connected labeling device.
: Similar to PC-B2 with torch-in-hand logo and point of sale data mixed with two horizontal bars, but otherwise quite different.
: The stamp is found only on self-adhesive labels with rounded corners and fluorescent red bar across the bottom edge.
: &quot;U.S. POSTAGE&quot; is vertical at far right just left of a double line of micro-printing reading &quot;NEOPOSTNEOPOST...&quot; vertically.
: Between the bars are the identification number, value figures, and date. Below the bottom bar is the town line, '''MAILED FROM''' and ZIP code.
: Stamp with &quot;PDF417(9)&quot; bar code.
: Meter number with N042N prefix.
: Large value figures, 4½ to 5mm tall
: V/F: {{space|4}} $Ø'''.'''ØØ ({{font|size=2|''with slashed zeros''}})


{{font|size=1|color=blue|''Type '''RC2b''' in 2001 edition''}}[[File: USA PC-D2.jpg|right|380px]]

'''PC-B3.2. “Simply Postage” '''. {{space|2}} [RR]
: As Type PC-B3.1 but the value figures have a tenths of a cent figure.
: Stamp with &quot;PDF417(9)&quot; bar code.
: Meter number with N042N prefix.
: V/F: {{space|4}}  $Ø'''.'''ØØ&lt;u&gt;ø&lt;/u&gt;


{{font|size=1|color=blue|''Type '''SA1A''' in 2001 edition''}}[[File: USA PC-F1A.jpg|right|330px]]

'''PC-B4.1. “ProMail” ''', 1998? {{space|2}} [S]
: Produced by an internet-connected labeling device.
: Also printed on self-adhesive labels this stamp is much smaller than the PC-B3 stamps and contains the point-of-sale data at left and a square &quot;Datamatrix (DM-4)&quot; bar code at right.
: Point-of-sale data have the value figures at top followed by the class of mail, '''MAILED FROM''' (ZIP code) town line, &quot;U.S. POSTAGE&quot;, date and identification number.
: Fluorescent bar at far left just outside two lines of micro-printing reading &quot;NEOPOSTNEOPOST...&quot; vertically.
: Meter number with 045N prefix.

: V/F: {{space|4}} $Ø'''.'''ØØø


{{font|size=1|color=blue|''Type '''SA1B''' in 2001 edition''}}[[File: USA PC-F1B.jpg|right|330px]]

'''PC-B4.2. “ProMail” '''. {{space|2}} [S]
: As Type PC-B4.1 but the value figures are slightly larger and the text is slightly bolder.
: square &quot;Datamatrix (DM-4)&quot; bar code at right.
: Labels have fluorescent bar at right.
: Meter number with 047N prefix.
: V/F: {{space|4}} $Ø'''.'''ØØø


{{font|size=3|color=red|'''''NOTE''': &lt;br&gt;For information on the various types of 2 dimensional barcodes see introduction to &quot;'''Group PC'''&quot; above''}}


----

===={{font|size=4|color=#2a3439|Sub-group PC-C: Franks generated by software from Stamps.com (StampMaster before 1999), ID numbers with 06#S prefix}}====


{{font/top|color=#0018A8|size=3}}
* The first stamp design has a negative {{space|1}}&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;'''S'''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;{{space|1}} in oval logo. All others contain {{space|1}}&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;'''stamps.com'''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;{{space|1}} somewhere in the design. Some time after Stamps.com acquired Endicia in November 2015 (see Sub-group PC-E) the logo {{space|1}}&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;'''stamps'''&lt;sub&gt;'''endicia'''&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;{{space|1}} came into use (see Sub-group PC-I). The individual divisions (Stamps and Endicia) have since returned to a semi-independent status.

* The stamps are found both with and without a FIM barcode at upper left.
* &lt;u&gt;Mail classes found with PC-C stamps&lt;/u&gt;:
::  {{space|4}}  FIRST CLASS, FIRST CLASS MAIL, FCI (first class international)  &lt;span style=&quot;color: red;&quot;&gt;♦&lt;/span&gt;
::  {{space|4}}  PRIORITY MAIL  &lt;span style=&quot;color: red;&quot;&gt;♦&lt;/span&gt;
::  {{space|4}}  EXPRESS MAIL  &lt;span style=&quot;color: red;&quot;&gt;♦&lt;/span&gt;
::  {{space|4}}  MEDIA MAIL &lt;span style=&quot;color: red;&quot;&gt;♦&lt;/span&gt;
: &lt;span style=&quot;color: red;&quot;&gt;♦&lt;/span&gt; Collectors should be aware that the primary mail classes are found in a multitude of variations. For example, FIRST CLASS can be found as FIRST-CLASS PKG RATE, FIRST-CLASS MAIL PARCEL, FIRST-CLASS PACKAGE INTL, USPS FIRST CLASS MAIL, etc.. We do not know them all. Please inform the catalog manager regarding something different (&quot;'''Alan Knutson, boris1951@charter.net'''&quot;) if possible also include a scan.
* The StampMaster/stamps.com system was first trialed in the Washington DC area and in parts of California sometime before August 1998. It was made available nationally on September 27, 1999.

* PC stamps on labels the sizes of which are recommended by the '''USPS''', the sizes are  4 inches by 6 inches ('''FS''') in two subvarieties, 4 inches by 4 inches ('''FF'''), 6 inches by 2 inches ('''ST'''), and a form for customs declaration included. Many illustrations in the listings are of size 'FS' but with only one or two of the 5 or six horizontal sections of the label.
[[File: ST size.png|right|200px]]

[[File: FS5 size.jpg|left|200px]]
[[File: FF size.png|center|200px]]


[[File: CF size.png|center|400px]]


{{font/end}}
&lt;br&gt;{{center/top}}* * *
{{font|size=3|color=red|'''''NOTE''': &lt;br&gt;Several stamps in Group Q resemble stamps in Group PC. If you don't find what you are looking for here, check there.''}}{{center/end}}

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

&lt;br&gt;

----
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

[[File: USMETER22041502.png|right|300px]]
{{font/top|size=2|color=red}}
'''Type Note: In the following listings, the descriptions will often include specific details regarding the mailing label &quot;'''size FS5 (with 5 horizontal boxes, A thru E) or size FS6 (with six horizontal boxes, A thru F)'''&quot;, they will referenced as follows'''
::::: Panel or Box A:  '''USPS insignia''' ('' sometimes not present'')
::::: Panel or Box B:  oftentimes subdivided  {{font|size=2|color=blue|['''USPS''' ''Service Icon/ Postage Payment'']}}
::::::: Box B1 &quot;'''F, P.'''&quot; etc,{{font|size=2|color=blue| ['''USPS''' ''Service Icon'']}}
::::::: Box B2 includes, barcode, date, identification number {{font|size=2|color=blue|['''USPS''' ''Postage Payment'']}}
::::: Panel or Box C:  Mail Class {{font|size=2|color=blue|['''USPS''' ''Service Banner'']}}
::::: Panel or Box D:  Address  {{font|size=2|color=blue|['''USPS''' ''Address and Delivery Information Segment'']}}
::::: Panel or Box E:  Tracking number/Bar code {{font|size=2|color=blue|['''USPS''' ''Intelligent Mail package barcode segment'']}}
::::: Panel or Box F:  often times blank ('' sometimes not present'') {{font|size=2|color=blue|['''USPS''' ''Additional Information and User Segment'']}}

: &lt;u&gt;''' [[/Mail class and other descriptive types/|Click here for Mail Class type description]]'''&lt;/u&gt;

{{font/end}}


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

----
&lt;br&gt;
{{font|size=1|color=blue|''Type '''RB1''' in 2001 edition''}}[[File: USA PC-C1.jpg|right|340px]]

'''PC-C1. StampMaster''', summer 1998. {{space|2}} [RRRR]
: Experimental stamp with negative “S”/Internet Postage logo at top center. 
: At top right are value figures, mail class, &quot;US POSTAGE”, and date. 
: &quot;PDF417(7)&quot; bar code across bottom with town line below at left and identification number below at right.
: Identification number with 061S prefix.
: V/F: {{space|4}} $0'''.'''00&lt;u&gt;o&lt;/u&gt;


{{font|size=3|color=red|'''''NOTE''': &lt;br&gt;For information on the various types of 2 dimensional barcodes see introduction to &quot;'''Group PC'''&quot; above''}}


{{font|size=1|color=blue|''Type '''RB2''' in 2001 edition''}}[[File: USA PC-C2.jpg|right|360px]]

'''PC-C2.1. stamps.com''', 1999.
: As Type PC-C1 but with &quot;stamps.com&quot; logo instead of the '''S''' in oval logo.
: &quot;FIM&quot; barcode at upper left
: At top right are the value figures, date, &quot;US POSTAGE&quot;, mail class, and town line.
: 2-D barcode PDF417(6} across lower portion
: &quot;STAMPS.COM&quot; is below left of the bar code.
: Identification number with 061S or 062S prefix below right of bar code.
: V/F: {{space|4}} $0'''.'''00&lt;u&gt;o&lt;/u&gt; 
[[File: USA PC-C2 redate.jpg|right|180px]]

:: '''a'''. With &quot;ADDITIONAL POSTAGE&quot; instead of class of mail below &quot;US Postage&quot;
:: '''b'''. With &quot;CORRECTION&quot; instead of class of mail below &quot;US Postage&quot;
:: '''c'''. With bottom line missing, blank below bar code
:: '''d'''. Bottom line present but without bar code
:: '''e'''. With &quot;MAIL TO:&quot; and ZIP code above left of the bar code
:: '''f'''. With nonsense characters across the bottom (''system malfunction'')

'''NOTES''':
* The &quot;stamps.com&quot; logo can vary considerably in size.
* The system could produce a re-date stamp without postage value, as shown (''right'').
* For a similar type inscribed &quot;'''Stamps /Endicia '''&quot; see &quot;'''PC-I'''&quot;


{{font|size=1|color=blue|''Type '''RB3''' in 2001 edition''}}[[File: USA PC-C3.jpg|right|360px]]
[[File: USA PC-C3 redate.jpg|right|200px]]
'''PC-C2.2.''' 2000. 
: As Type PC-C2.1 but with larger inscriptions.
: Identification number with 062S prefix below right of 2D &quot;PDF417(6)&quot; barcode.
: Town line with town, state and ZIP code or with '''MAILED FROM''' and ZIP code.
: V/F: {{space|4}} $0'''.'''00&lt;u&gt;o&lt;/u&gt;
[[File:USA stamp type PC2p2 label.jpg|right|360px]]

:: '''a'''. With &quot;ADDITIONAL POSTAGE&quot; instead of class of mail below &quot;US Postage&quot;
:: '''b'''. With &quot;CORRECTION&quot; instead of class of mail below &quot;US Postage&quot;
:: '''c'''. With bottom line missing (blank below bar code)
:: '''d'''. With &quot;MAIL TO:&quot; and ZIP code above left of the bar code
:: '''e'''. With mailer's name replacing town line
:: '''f'''. With &quot;'''FIM'''&quot; barcode at the upper left.

'''NOTES''':
* The NOTES below PC-C2.1 apply to PC-C2.2 also.
* These stamps can be printed directly to the mail piece or on labels. Stamps.com provided L-shaped labels with pink fluorescent bars along the top and right.
* For a similar type inscribed &quot;'''Stamps /Endicia '''&quot; see &quot;'''PC-I'''&quot;


[[File: USA PC-C4B.jpg|right|500px]]

'''PC-C2.3.1''' 2005.

: At top left: postage value above &quot;US POSTAGE&quot; and class of mail. 
: At top right: meter identification number with 062S prefix above &quot;FROM&quot; and ZIP code.
: &quot;Stamps.com” logo at far right of 2D &quot;PDF417(7)&quot; barcode.
: Basic stamp without framing

: V/F: {{space|4}} $(0)0'''.'''00


'''PC-C2.3.2''' 

: &quot;Stamps / Endicia” logo at far right of 2D &quot;PDF417(7)&quot; barcode.
: At top left: postage value above &quot;US POSTAGE&quot; and class of mail. 
: At top right: meter identification number with 062S prefix above &quot;FROM&quot; and ZIP code.
: Stamp at top right of address label (FS5) with large mail class indicator to its left and the class of mail spelled out below.

: V/F: {{space|4}} $(0)0'''.'''00


'''PC-C2.3.3''' 

: As '''PC-C2.3.2''', [[File: PC-C2.3.3p.png|right|500px]]
: &quot;Stamps.com” logo at far right of 2D &quot;PDF417(7)&quot; barcode.
: Stamp at top right of address label (FS5) with large mail class indicator to its left. 
: Class of mail spelled out below V/F, with type of pricing below
: At top right: meter identification number with 062S prefix above customer ID, above &quot;FROM&quot; and ZIP code.

: V/F: {{space|4}} $(0)0'''.'''00


'''PC-C2.4.1''' 2005.
:  As Type PC-C2.3 but with rate statement instead of value figures.
:  Stamps.com logo right of &quot;PDF417(7)&quot; barcode. 
: &quot;US POSTAGE &amp; FEES PAID&quot; at top left above rate statement.
:  Meter number with 062S prefix above mailer’s Zip code at top right. 
:: '''A'''. 2 lines at upper right, Meter number/zip code
::: '''1'''. Basic stamp without framing[[File: USA PC-C5A.jpg|right|400px]]


::: '''2'''. Stamp at top right of address label with large mail class indicator or solid block to its left and the class of mail spelled out below.[[File: USA PC-C5B.jpg|right|540px]]


{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Form size
! Box B1 Type
! Box C Type
! &lt;u&gt;Meter no's&lt;/u&gt;
!
! Line A type
! Line B type
! Line C type
! Date
! Zip
! City
! Notes
|-
| FS5?
| BLACK
| '''VIII'''
| 062S0005418699
| 
| A7
| B0
| C5
| 11/21/2005
| 02845 
| 
|
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''XXXIV'''
| 062S0006097059
| 
| A2
| B3
| C1
| 06/26/2015
| 40228 
| 
|
|-
| FS5
| '''1'''
| '''I'''
| 062S0005715741
|
| A6
| B3
| C1
| 09/06/2011 
| 66030 
| GARDNER, KS
| Box F split horizontally in two, &quot;Thank You&quot; in bottom half.
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''I'''
| 062S0008902567
| 
| A2
| B3
| C1
| 05/28/2014
| 19803
| Wilmington, DE
|
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''I'''
| 062S0008902567
| 
| A2
| B3
| C1
| 06/02/2014
| 19803
| Wilmington, DE
|
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''I'''
| 062S0008902567
| 
| A2
| B3
| C1
| 07/15/2014
| 19803
| Wilmington, DE
|
|-
| FS5
| '''1'''
| '''XXXIV'''
| 062S0009033522
| 
| A4
| B0
| C0
| 11/09/2016
| 57401
| Aberdeen, SD
| No tracking number in Box E
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''XXXIV'''
| 062S0009034923
| 
| A2
| B3
| C1
| 02/20/2018
| 11365
| Fresh Meadows, NY
| 
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''I'''
| 062S0009143056
| 
| A2
| B3
| C1
| 02/20/2018
| 08080
| Mount Holly, NJ
|
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''I'''
| 062S0009151784
| 
| A2
| B3
| C1
| 06/01/2015
| 92154
| San Diego, CA
|
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''XXXIV'''
| 062S0009200477
| 
| A2
| B3
| C3
| 09/05/2018
| 11355
| Flushing, NY
|
|}


:: '''B'''. 3 lines at upper right, Meter number / customer ID number / zip code
::: '''2'''. Stamp at top right of address label with large mail class indicator or solid block to its left and the class of mail spelled out below.

[[File:USA stamp type PC-C2point4b.jpeg|right|400px]]


'''NOTE''': Sub-type '''B''' has been found printed directly onto a plastic bag. See image below.[[File:USA meter stamp PC-C2p4 NOTE.JPG|right|300px]]


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


[[File: USA stamp type PC-C10.jpg|right|880px]]

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
'''PC-C2.5. ''' 

'''PC-C2.5.1 ''' 2014.

: Similar to Type PC-C2.4 but the manufacturer's logo is above the right end of the &quot;PDF417{8)&quot; barcode.
: Meter number with 062S prefix. 
: Manufacturer's logo is &quot;'''stamps.com'''&quot;. With &quot;US POSTAGE &amp; FEES PAID&quot; instead of value figures.

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
[[File:USA meter stamp PC-C2p7.jpg|right|880px]]

'''PC-C2.5.3''' ''2012.''
: Very similar to Type PC-C2.4 but with date between the &quot;FROM&quot; (ZIP code) and the Stamps.com logo.
: Seen with tracking number at right of the frank, on a customs form.
: Meter number with 062S prefix. 
: PDF417(7) barcode

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
{{font|size=3|color=red|'''''NOTE''': &lt;br&gt;For information on the various types of 2 dimensional barcodes see introduction to &quot;'''Group PC'''&quot; above''}}
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
[[File: USA stamp type PC2point6.jpg|right|500px]]


'''PC-C2.6.0.''' ''2015.''
: Very similar to Type PC-C2.3B but &quot;U.S. POSTAGE&quot; is right of the value figures rather than below them.
: Meter number with 062S prefix.
: PDF417(7) barcode
: Manufacturer's logo is '''stamps.com'''
: V/F: {{space|4}} $(0)0'''.'''00 


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

[[File: USA stamp type PC-G2B.jpg|right|580px]]

'''PC-C2.7.1.'''
: With &quot;DPDF417&quot; barcode as with Types PC-C2.1 through PC-C2.5 but without &quot;stamps.com&quot; logo.
: Top panel contains USPS eagle logo and '''Click-N-Ship'''&amp;reg; logo.
: Value figures and &quot;US POSTAGE&quot; at left.
: Tracking number above the barcode.
: Identification number with 062S prefix.
: V/F: {{space|4}} $0'''.'''00, {{space|4}} $00'''.'''00

:: '''a'''. With &quot;Commercial Base Pricing&quot; immediately below the 2D barcode


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


[[File: USA stamp type PC-G4B.jpg|right|1000px]]
[[File: USA stamp type PC-G4.jpg|right|1000px]]
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

'''PC-C2.7.2.'''


: Similar to Type PC-C2.7.1 but very wide imprint with '''Click-N-Ship'''&amp;reg; logo above usps.com (without the eagle-head logo)/ &quot;US POSTAGE / PAID&quot; at left.
: Along the bottom are the weight, date, Mailed from ZIP code, and meter identification number with &quot;062S&quot; prefix.
: ''It appears that this stamp is generated only for International Priority and Express mail services.''
: Two versions are known:
:: '''A'''. Tracking barcode at far left in the panel. Smaller lower panel contains the mail class statement.
:: '''B'''. Smaller stamp, traditional barcode at center of panel, USPS logo at far left. A Customs Declaration statement appears above the traditional barcode. No lower panel containing a mail class statement, and no indication anywhere of the mail service being used.


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

[[File: USA stamp type PC-C6.jpg|right|140px]]

'''PC-C3.1.''' 2007.
: Stamp with horizontal &quot;IBI Lite&quot; barcode.
: Small frank with value figures at top above &quot;U.S. POSTAGE&quot;, class of mail, &quot;FROM&quot; ZIP code, and date.
: Below the date are the stamps.com logo, the barcode, and identification number at bottom.
: Identification number with 062S prefix. 
: V/F: {{space|4}} $0'''.'''00&lt;u&gt;o&lt;/u&gt;


[[File: USA stamp type PC-C7.jpg|right|195px]]

[[File: USA meter stamp PC-C3.2aa.jpg|right|175px]]
'''PC-C3.2.1'''
:  As Type PC-C3.1 but the &quot;IBI Lite&quot; barcode is vertical at right next to the identification number reading down at far right. 
:  '''Stamps.com''' logo, identification number with '''062S''' prefix.  
:  Town line &quot;FROM&quot; and ZIP code
: V/F: {{space|4}} $0'''.'''00&lt;u&gt;o&lt;/u&gt;
:: '''a'''. Identification number omitted (possible printer misalignment)
:: '''b'''. Town line without ZIP code showing &quot;FROM&quot; alone
[[File: USA stamp type PC3p2 label.jpg|right|360px]]
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


'''NOTE''': These stamps can be printed directly to the mail piece or on labels. Stamps.com provided L-shaped labels with pink fluorescent bars along the top and right. Other label sizes and shapes exist. See below.


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
[[File:USA meter stamp PC-C3p3.jpg|right|370px]]

'''PC-C3.3.''' 2018.
: Identification number and Stamps.com logo read down at far right.
: From the top down, point-of-sale data is:
:: Value figures
:: '''US POSTAGE'''
:: mail class
:: ZIP code and date
:: Horizontal IBI Lite bar code
: Identification number with 062S prefix. 
: V/F: {{space|4}} $0'''.'''00&lt;u&gt;o&lt;/u&gt;
'''NOTE''': Seen on plain white self-adhesive labels with rounded corners.
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

[[File:PC-C3.2 250115.png|right|150px]]

'''PC-C3.5.''' 2022.
: Most similar to Type PC-C3.1 but without company identification.
: Identification number with 062S prefix. 

::::-A [[File:MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|8px]]&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #191970;&quot;&gt;: V/F: {{space|4}} $0'''.'''00&lt;u&gt;o&lt;/u&gt;[[File:MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|12px]]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
::::-B [[File:MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|8px]]&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #191970;&quot;&gt;: V/F: {{space|4}} $0'''.'''000&lt;u&gt;o&lt;/u&gt;[[File:MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|12px]]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
[[File:PC-C3.5B 250116.png|right|150px]]


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
[[File: USA PC-F10.jpg|right|940px]]


'''PC-C4.1.1.''' 2002.
:  Very wide design with large &quot;Delivery Confirmation&quot; 1D barcode at center and square Datamatrix barcode at right.
: Above the 2D barcode are the weight, ZIP code, ID# with 062S prefix, and date.
: At far left is the class of mail above “US POSTAGE &amp; FEES PAID”.
: Without value figures. The &quot;stamps.com&quot; logo is below the 2D barcode.
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

 '''PC-C4.1.2.'''. With value figures but otherwise as '''PC-C4.1.''' (&quot;stamps.com&quot; logo below 2D barcode)[[File: USA meter stamp PC-C4.1D.jpg|right|940px]]
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

'''PC-C4.2.1.'''. With &quot;stamps.com&quot; logo and value figures at top above the 2D barcode: {{space|4}} $0'''.'''00 (&quot;stamps.com&quot; logo at top)[[File: USA stamp type PC-F10B.jpg|right|940px]]

:: '''a'''. Without tracking barcode at center[[File: USA stamp type PC-F10aa.jpg|right|400px]]


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

'''PC-C4.2.2.'''. Without value figures but otherwise as '''PC-C4.2.1.''' 


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
{{font|size=3|color=red|'''''NOTE''': &lt;br&gt;Several stamps in Group Q resemble stamps in Group PC. If you don't find what you are looking for here, check there.''}}

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
[[File: USA stamp type PC-C9 complete.jpg|right|540px]]


'''PC-C5.1.''' 2011.
:  The point-of-sale text is immediately to the left of the square Datamatrix barcode rather than above. 
: The frank appears unframed at the top of an address label.
: Identification number with 062S prefix.  
: The country name is not in or near the frank, but &quot;US POSTAGE &amp; FEES PAID&quot; is found at bottom below the mail class.
: With value figures
: V/F: {{space|4}} $0'''.'''00
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

'''PC-C5.2.'''. As '''PC-C5.1.''',Without value figures[[File: USA stamp type PC-C9B.jpeg|right|540px]]

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


{{font|size=1|color=blue|''Types '''SE1''' and '''SE2''' in 2001 edition''}}[[File: USA PC-F7.jpg|right|540px]]
[[File: USA PC-F8.jpg|right|500px]]

'''PC-C6.3.1.''' 2002.[[File:MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|6px]]V/F: {{space|4}} $0'''.'''00
: Downloaded directly from the Stamps.com web site. 
: Square Datamatrix barcode at right with &quot;stamps.com&quot; reading up to its right. 
: Text left justified as follows: 
: Value figures at top above &quot;US POSTAGE&quot;, mail class, date, ID number, and ZIP code
: Meter Identification number with 062S prefix.
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


'''PC-C6.3.2.''' Without value figures. &quot;US POSTAGE &amp; FEES PAID&quot; above date, ID# with 062S prefix, ZIP code, rate statement


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


:: '''PC-C9.1.'''. 2 lines at upper right, Meter number/zip code (Box B2).[[File: PC-C2.4.2A.1 250331.png|right|450px]]

::: {{space|10}} Similar to &quot;'''PC-C2.4.2A.0'''&quot;
::: {{space|10}} &quot;US POSTAGE &amp; FEES PAID IMI&quot; at top left above rate statement.
::: {{space|10}} New &quot;'''Stamps'''&quot; logo
::: {{space|10}} Stamp at top right of address label with large mail class indicator (of various sizes) or solid block to its left (Box B1) and the class of mail spelled out below (Box C).
::: {{space|10}} Mail class indicator using &quot;'''New Helvetica'''&quot; font as opposed to &quot;'''Arial Block'''&quot; in &quot;'''PC-C2.4.2A.0'''&quot;.
::: {{space|10}} Prefix &quot;'''063S'''&quot;
::: {{space|10}} For similar item with with three lines in upper right and &quot;'''Arial Block'''&quot; font see &quot;'''PC-C2.4.3'''&quot;

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


'''PC-C9.2.''' 2024.[[File: PC-C2.4.3.png|right|450px]]

::: {{space|10}} As Type PC-C2.3 but with rate statement instead of value figures.
::: {{space|10}} With new &quot;'''Stamps '''&quot;  logo replacing the stamps / endicia logo at the right of &quot;PDF417(8)&quot; barcode. 
::: {{space|10}} &quot;US POSTAGE &amp; FEES PAID IMI&quot; at top left above rate statement.
::: {{space|10}} ID number with 063S prefix above mailer’s Zip code at top right. 
::: {{space|10}} For similar item with with two lines in upper right and &quot;'''New Helvetica'''&quot; font see &quot;'''PC-C2.4.2A.1'''&quot;

: &lt;u&gt;''' [[/Mail class and other descriptive types/|Click here for type description]]'''&lt;/u&gt;
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! &lt;u&gt;Label type&lt;/u&gt;
! &lt;u&gt;Meter no's&lt;/u&gt;
! &lt;u&gt;Customer ID&lt;/u&gt;
! &lt;u&gt;Box B1&lt;/u&gt;
! &lt;u&gt;Box C&lt;/u&gt;
! &lt;u&gt;Box B2, &lt;/u&gt;
! &lt;u&gt;Zipcode&lt;/u&gt;
! &lt;u&gt;City&lt;/u&gt;
! &lt;u&gt;Date&lt;/u&gt;
! &lt;u&gt;Note&lt;/u&gt;
|-
| FS5
| (063S0002805278)?
| 
| '''G''' (I)
| '''VI'''
| A14, B6, C7
| 43228
| Columbus, OH
| 11/25/2024
| ID number misprinted
|-
| FS5
| 063S0002805278
| 
| '''G''' (I)
| '''VI'''
| A14, B6, C7
| 43228
| Columbus, OH
| 03/19/2025
|
|-
| FS5
| 063S0002805278
| 
| '''G''' (I)
| '''VI'''
| A14, B6, C7
| 43228
| Columbus, OH
| 05/19/2025
|
|-

|}


'''PC-C9.3''' 2025.[[File: PC-C2.4.4 250802.png|right|450px]]

::: {{space|10}} As Type PC-C2.3 but with rate statement instead of value figures.
::: {{space|10}} With new &quot;'''Stamps '''&quot;  logo at top right. 
::: {{space|10}} &quot;US POSTAGE &amp; FEES PAID IMI&quot; at top left above rate statement.
::: {{space|10}} ID number with 063S prefix above mailer's ID number and mailer’s Zip code at top right below &quot;'''Stamps'''&quot; logo. 

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! &lt;u&gt;Label type&lt;/u&gt;
! &lt;u&gt;Meter no's&lt;/u&gt;
! &lt;u&gt;Customer ID&lt;/u&gt;
! &lt;u&gt;Box B1&lt;/u&gt;
! &lt;u&gt;Box C&lt;/u&gt;
! &lt;u&gt;Box B2, &lt;/u&gt;
! &lt;u&gt;Zipcode&lt;/u&gt;
! &lt;u&gt;City&lt;/u&gt;
! &lt;u&gt;Date&lt;/u&gt;
! &lt;u&gt;Note&lt;/u&gt;
|-
| FS5
| 063S0001442661
| 18827628
| '''G''' (II)
| '''VI'''
| A9, B2, C7
| 85274
| Mesa, AZ
| 02/06/2025
|
|-
| FS5
| 063S0014950305
| 9786065
| '''G''' (II)
| '''VI'''
| A9, B2, C7
| 03580
| 
| 07/28/2025
|
|-
| FS5
| 063S0014950364
| 10606251
| '''G''' (II)
| '''VI'''
| A14, B6, C7
| 20850
| Rockville, MD
| 12/03/2024
|
|-
| FS5
| 063S0014950380 
| 18827628
| '''G''' (II)
| '''VI'''
| A9, B2, C7
| 85274
| Mesa, AZ
| 02/06/2025
|
|-
|}
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

'''PC-C9.4.''' ''2025.''
: As Type PC-C2.6.0 but &quot;U.S. POSTAGE imi&quot; is to the right of the value figures.[[File: PC-C2.6.1.png|right|500px]]
: Meter number with 062S prefix.
: PDF417(7) barcode
: New '''Stamps''' logo to the right of the bar code.
: V/F: {{space|4}} $(0)0'''.'''00 

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

'''PC-C9.5.'''  ''2025''
:  As Type PC-C3.2.1 but the &quot;IBI Lite&quot; barcode is vertical at right next to the identification number reading down at far right. 
: &quot;'''US POSTAGE IMI'''&quot;
:  tHE NEW '''Stamps.com''' logo, identification number with '''063S''' prefix.  
:  Town line &quot;FROM&quot; and ZIP code
: V/F: {{space|4}} $0'''.'''00&lt;u&gt;o&lt;/u&gt;

[[File: PC-C3.2.3 250217.png|right|360px]]
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
'''NOTES''':
* These stamps can be printed directly to the mail piece or on labels. 


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


----

===={{font|size=4|color=#2a3439|Sub-group PC-D: Franks from Pitney Bowes software, ID numbers with 02#P, 02#W, or 07#P prefix}}====

{{font/top|size=3|color=#0018A8}}
* The earlier stamps show logos consisting of an eagle's head and wing. Later stamps are generic, text and bar code only, but most include &quot;Pitney Bowes&quot; in the design. One stamp, Type PC-D4, does not include the company name and is identifiable as a Pitney Bowes product only by the identification number with &quot;02&quot; prefix.
* Identification number prefixes seen so far are 022P, 024P, 022W, 026W and 071P.
* Pitney Bowes PC stamps began field testing in the Washington DC area in December 1998.

{{font/end}}
{{font|size=3|color=red|'''''NOTE''': &lt;br&gt;Several stamps in Group Q resemble stamps in Group PC. If you don't find what you are looking for here, check there.''}}
----
&lt;br&gt;
[[File: USA meter stamp PC-D0A.jpg|right|415px]]
[[File: USA meter stamp PC-D0B.jpg|right|415px]]
'''PC-D0. “ClickStamp Online”''', probably 1998. {{space|2}} [''Exceptionally rare'']
: Experimental stamp with small eagle profile image at upper right. Left of the eagle are the date, value figures,  and “US POSTAGE” with three stars. Above the “'''PDF417'''(9)” barcode field are the identification number at left and “Mailed From Zip Code” and ZIP code.

: Identification number with 022P000230 prefix.
:: '''A'''. The type font is somewhat heavy. The &quot;P&quot; in the ID number has no serif. Three reported:
::: 1) ID number 022P0002300165, ZIP code 20260 
::: 2) ID number 022P0002306771, ZIP code 20032
::: 3) ID number 022P0002307167, ZIP code 13057
:: '''B'''. The type font is somewhat lighter. The &quot;P&quot; in the ID number has serif at bottom. ID number 022P0002306600, ZIP code 20260
: V/F: {{space|2}} $ ~0.00&lt;sup&gt;o&lt;/sup&gt; 
 
: '''NOTE''': This stamp type was previously cataloged as an essay (ESY-DB4.4) until verifiably postally used covers were identified.
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


{{font|size=1|color=blue|''Type '''RD2''' in 2001 edition''}}[[File: USA PC-E2.jpg|right|415px]]

'''PC-D1. “ClickStamp Online”''', 21 April 1999. {{space|2}} [''Exceptionally rare'']
: Experimental stamp with eagle with wavy wing below &quot;FIM&quot; barcode. 
: Stamp with “'''PDF417'''(9)” barcode.
: &quot;US POSTAGE&quot;, date, value figures, ZIP code, and identification number stacked at right.
: Identification number with 024P prefix.
: Class of mail vertical at left side.
: V/F: {{space|4}} $00'''.'''00o
 
: '''NOTE''': When printed on a color-capable printer, the wing of the eagle is (usually) in red.


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

{{font|size=1|color=blue|''Type '''RD3''' in 2001 edition''}}[[File: USA meter stamp PC-D2p2A.jpg|right|415px]]
[[File: USA meter stamp PC-D2p2B.jpg|right|430px]]

'''PC-D2.1. “ClickStamp Online”''', 2000. 
: Similar to Type PC-D1 but straight eagle's wing above &quot;PITNEY BOWES&quot;. 
: Identification number with 024P prefix.
:: '''A'''. Inscribed &quot;U.S. POSTAGE&quot; with stops. &quot;MAILED FROM ZIP CODE&quot; one line, all capitals.
:: '''B'''. Inscribed &quot;US POSTAGE&quot; without stops. &quot;Mailed from ZIP Code&quot; in two lines, mixed case.
: V/F: {{space|4}} $00'''.'''00o

'''NOTES''':
: 1)  When printed on a color-capable printer, the wing of the eagle is (usually) in red.
: 2)  The system allows for a re-date stamp without postage value (as shown below).

: 3)  Pitney Bowes required at least some users of ClickStamp Online to send them a sample print once a year on an envelope marked withe the components of the user's system. (Example shown below right.)

[[File: USA PC-E3 redate.jpg|left|330px]]
[[File: USA meter stamp PC-D2.1 NOTE 3.jpeg|right|500px]]
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


{{font|size=1|color=blue|''Type '''RD4''' in 2001 edition''}}[[File: USA PC-E4.jpg|right|390px]]

'''PC-D2.2. “ClickStamp Online”'''. 
: This is the postage correction frank used with the software system that produced type PC-D2.1.
: The eagle is larger than with type PC-D2.1 and in line with the date which is above &quot;U.S. POSTAGE&quot; rather than below.
: Large “POSTAGE CORRECTION” below eagle.
: Identification number with 024P prefix.
: Without town line or ZIP code.
: V/F: {{space|4}} $00'''.'''00o

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
[[File: USMETER22041502.png|right|300px]]
{{font/top|size=2|color=red}}
'''Type Note: In the following listings, the descriptions will often include specific details regarding the mailing label, they will referenced as follows'''
::::: Panel or Box A:  '''USPS insignia''' ('' sometimes not present'')
::::: Panel or Box B:  oftentimes subdivided  
::::::: Box B1 &quot;'''F, P.'''&quot; etc, 
::::::: Box B2 includes, barcode, date, identification number
::::: Panel or Box C:  Mail Class
::::: Panel or Box D:  Address 
::::: Panel or Box E:  Tracking number/Bar code
::::: Panel or Box F:  often times blank ('' sometimes not present'')
{{font/end}}
: &lt;u&gt;''' [[/Mail class and other descriptive types/|Click here for type description]]'''&lt;/u&gt;


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


[[File: USA meter stamp PC-D3p1A.jpg|right|345px]]
[[File: USA PC-F6.jpg|right|515px]]

'''PC-D3.1A. &quot;Shipstream Manager&quot;'''. 
: As with PC-D1 through PC-D2.3, with &quot;PDF417&quot; barcode.
: &quot;US POSTAGE&quot; or &quot;US POSTAGE &amp; FEES PAID&quot;, date, town line (Mailed from ZIP...) and rate above barcode.
: Below the barcode are &quot;Pitney Bowes&quot; and the ID number with 071P prefix. 
: Basic stamp without framing. Top line contains value figures and &quot;US POSTAGE&quot;. 
::: V/F: {{space|4}} $0'''.'''00

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

'''PC-D3.1B. &quot;Shipstream Manager&quot;'''. 
: Box B2 &quot;US POSTAGE&quot; or &quot;US POSTAGE &amp; FEES PAID&quot;, date, town line (Mailed from ZIP...) and rate above &quot;PDF417&quot; barcode.
: The stamp is in a frame with large mail class indicator at left and the class of mail spelled out below. Top line &quot;US POSTAGE &amp; FEES PAID&quot;.  With rate statement instead of value figures.
: No Box A, Box B the dividing line extends the entire height of the box. 
: Identification number  071P prefix

:: '''A'''. &quot;'''FCM'''&quot; in Box B1
::: '''a'''.  Box B2 &quot;'''US POSTAGE AND FEES PAID'''&quot;/DATE    &quot;Mailed from ZIP&quot; / / &quot;PDF417&quot; barcode / &quot;Pitney Bowes&quot;     Identification number
:::: '''1'''. Box C: &quot;'''USPS FIRST CLASS'''&quot;
::::: '''-a'''. Box B2: 3rd line &quot;1oz First-Class Parcel rate&quot;


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


{{font|size=1|color=blue|''Type '''RD5''' in 2001 edition''}}[[File: USA stamp type PC-G1A.jpg|right|530px]]
[[File: USA PC-G1B.jpg|right|550px]]

'''PC-D3.2.''' 
: Found only on labels downloaded from internet vendor eBay. 
: In panel across the top are the USPS eagle logo at left and the '''eBay''' logo at right.
: Inside the stamp frame: &quot;US POSTAGE PAID&quot; and rate statement centered above the &quot;PDF417&quot; barcode.
: Below the barcode are &quot;Pitney Bowes&quot; and the identification number with 024P prefix.
: Large rate indicator in frame at left.
: V/F: {{space|4}} $0'''.'''00 or nil
: {{font|size=2|color=red|See also '''PC-D3.3B.6'''}}

:: '''A'''. With value figures
:: '''B'''. Without value figures but with rate statement


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


'''PC-D3.3'''.
: Similar to Type PC-D3.2,
: A large label formatted with as many as 7 subsections (&quot;'''boxes'''&quot;)
: Below &quot;'''Box A'''&quot; if present, or at the top there are two boxes (&quot;'''Box B1'''&quot; at the left and &quot;'''Box B2'''&quot; at the right)
: Within &quot;'''Box B2'''&quot; is the “'''PDF417(7)'''” 2D barcode there is nothing above the barcode. 
: Also within &quot;'''Box B2'''&quot; are 3 '''stacks''', 
: '''Stack B2.1''' &quot;US POSTAGE&quot; (''or variation''), date, “From” and ZIP code, weight, and optionally a Zone number are stacked at left.
: '''Stack B2.2''' Below the barcode are &quot;Pitney Bowes&quot; and a rate statement or statements at the center. 
: '''Stack B2.3''' Meter number/ID number at right.
: The ID number has 022W, 024P, or 026W prefix.
: In a smaller box at left (&quot;'''Box B1'''&quot;) is a large letter code representing the mail class.
: In a wide box (&quot;'''Box C'''&quot;) below &quot;'''Box B1'''&quot; and &quot;'''Box B2'''&quot; is the class of mail.
: If present the value figures appear above &quot;US POSTAGE&quot;.
: '''Labels may be framed or unframed'''
: V/F: {{space|4}} $0'''.'''00 or nil
: &lt;u&gt;''' [[/Mail class and other descriptive types/|Click here for type description]]'''&lt;/u&gt;

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

'''PC-D3.3A'''. With value figures
: A large label with 6 boxes &quot;'''FS5'''&quot;(&quot;'''Boxes B1, B2, C, D, E, F'''&quot;)
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
'''PC-D3.3A1'''.
:: '''Box B2::'''.  '''US POSTAGE''' in one line alone above the date

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

'''PC-D3.3A2'''.   '''US POSTAGE IMI''' in one line alone above the date   [[File: PC-D3.3A3.png|right|500px]]
:: '''A'''. '''026W'''  &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;over 10-digit number starting with&lt;/span&gt; 0004

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Label  Type
! Box B1 Type
! Box C Type
! &lt;u&gt;Meter no's&lt;/u&gt;
! Stack B2.2 line 2 type
! Date
! Zip
! City
! Notes
|-
| FS5?
| '''F'''
| '''IX'''
| 026W0004897241
| CommPrice
| 06/20/2023
| 32961
| VERO BEACH, FL
| 
|-
| FS5?
| '''G'''
| '''VI'''
| 026W0004897622
| CommPrice
| 10/18/2023
| 29568
| 
| 
|}
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
:: '''B'''. '''028W'''  &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;over 10-digit number starting with&lt;/span&gt; 0002

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Label  Type
! Box B1 Type
! Box C Type
! &lt;u&gt;Meter no's&lt;/u&gt;
! Stack B2.2 line 2 type
! Date
! Zip
! City
! Notes
|-
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| FS5?
| '''G'''
| '''VI'''
| 028W0002310688
| CommPrice
| 05/11/2024
| 34293
| VENICE FL
| 
|}
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
'''PC-D3.3A3'''.   '''US POSTAGE IMI''' in one line alone above the date as &quot;'''PC-D3.3A3'''&quot;, Box A with &quot;'''UNITED STATES / POSTAL SERVICE ®'''&quot; and emblem on left.
: &lt;u&gt;''' [[/Mail class and other descriptive types/|Click here for type description]]'''&lt;/u&gt;


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


'''PC-D3.3B'''. With rate statement

'''PC-D3.3B.1'''.[[File: USA meter stamp PC-D3.3.jpg|right|500px]]

::''' Box B2::'''.  '''US POSTAGE''' in one line alone above the date

'''PC-D3.3B.1.1'''.  Prefix &quot;'''21B'''&quot;

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Label  Type
! Box B1 Type
! Box C Type
! &lt;u&gt;Meter no's&lt;/u&gt;
! Stack B2.2 line 2 type
! Date
! Zip
! City
! Notes
|-
| FS5
| '''P'''
| '''V'''
| 021B0050723999
| CommPrice
| 07/20/2022
| 07112
| Newark NJ
| Box F: order data
|-
| FS5
| '''P'''
| '''V'''
| 021B0060312094
| CommPrice
| 11/28/2022
| 07036
| Linden NJ
| Box F: order data
|-
| FS5
| '''P'''
| '''V'''
| 021B0060494251
| CommPrice
| 11/28/2022
| 90670
| Santa fe springs CA
| Box F: order data
|}

'''PC-D3.3B.1.2'''.  Prefix &quot;'''26W'''&quot;

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Label  Type
! Box B1 Type
! Box C Type
! &lt;u&gt;Meter no's&lt;/u&gt;
! Stack B2.2 line 2 type
! Date
! Zip
! City
! Notes
|-
|
| '''P'''
| '''VII'''
| 026W0004897242
| ComPlsPrice
| 11/25/2020
| 07419
|
|
|-
| FS5
| '''X'''
| '''VIII'''
| 026W0004897590
| 
| 01/02/2021
| 97239
| Portland OR
|
|-
| FS5
| '''P'''
| '''V'''
| 026W0004897774
| CommPlsPrice
| 07/31/2020
| 60490
| Bolingbrook IL
|
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''IX'''
| 026W0004897814
| CommPrice
| 01/08/2021
| 91304
| Los Angeles CA
|
|-
|
| '''F'''
| '''IX'''
| 026W0004897894
|
|
| 54843
|
|
|}

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

'''PC-D3.3B.1C''' [[File: PC-D3.3B.4A.0.png|right|500px]]
:: As '''PC-D3.1A.B''' but with customer ID at lower right
:: '''Box B2'''  '''US POSTAGE''' above the date
:: Meter numbers: 026W

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Label  Type
! Box B1 Type
! Box C Type
! &lt;u&gt;Meter no's&lt;/u&gt;
! Customer ID
! Stack B2.2 line 2 type
! Date
! Zip
! City
! Notes
|-
| FS5
| '''P'''
| '''VII'''
| 026W0004897326
| 3000093152
| ComPlsPrice
| 12/04/2020
| 91706
| IRWINDALE CA
| ID numbers in larger font
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''XII'''
| 026W0004897491
| 3000008007
| CommPrice
| 05/23/2019
| 48114
| BRIGHTON MI
|
|}

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

'''PC-D3.3B.2'''.[[File: PC-D3.3B.1.png|right|500px]]

:: '''Box B2::'''.  '''US POSTAGE / PAID''' in two lines  above the date


{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Label Type
! Box B1 Type
! Box C Type
! &lt;u&gt;Meter no's&lt;/u&gt;
! Stack B2.2 line 2 type
! Date
! Zip
! City
! Notes
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''XII'''
| 026W0004897894
| CommPrice
| 12/29/2021
| 54843 
| Hayward WI
|
|}

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

'''PC-D3.3B.3A'''[[File: PC-D3.3B.3.png|right|500px]]
:: '''Box B2'''  '''US POSTAGE / PAID IMI''' in two lines above the date
:: Meter numbers: 026W [[File: PC-D3.3B.3A-H 2501002.png|right|500px]]

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Label  Type
! Box B1 Type
! Box C Type
! &lt;u&gt;Meter no's&lt;/u&gt;
! Stack B2.2 line 2 type
! Date
! Zip
! City
! Notes
|-
| FS5
| '''H'''
| '''VI'''
| 026W0002310502
| CommPrice
| 08/04/2025
| 33068
| North Lauderdale FL
| &quot;'''HAZMAT-Surface Transportation Only'''&quot;
|-
| FS5?
| '''F'''
| '''XII'''
| 026W0004897241
| CommPrice
| 01/26/2023
| 13147
| SCIPIO CENTER NY
|
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''XII'''
| 026W0004897242 
| CommPrice
| 08/16/2022
| 93943
| MONTEREY CA
|
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''XII'''
| 026W0004897400
| CommPrice
| 05/24/2023
| 16063
| ZELIENOPLE PA
|
|-
| FS5
| '''G'''
| '''VI'''
| 026W0004897451
| CommPrice
| 11/24/2023
| 95240
| LODI CA
|
|-
| PS4
| '''P'''
| '''XIII'''
| 026W0004897525
| CommPrice
| 10/23/2023
| 98239
| COUPEVILLE WA
| No Box F, DM1 barcode below Box E
|-
| PS5
| '''F'''
| '''IX'''
| 026W0004897591
| CommPrice
| 03/07/2022
| 92404
| SAN BERNARDINO CA
| 
|-
| PS5
| '''F'''
| '''IX'''
| 026W0004897642
| CommPrice
| 02/02/2022
| 92404
| SAN BERNARDINO CA
| 
|-
| PS4
| '''G'''
| '''VI'''
| 026W0004897642
| CommPrice
| 12/06/2023
| 81413
| CEDAREDGE CO
| No Box F, DM1 barcode below Box E
|-
| PS4
| '''F'''
| '''IX'''
| 026W0004897778
| CommPrice
| 02/27/2023
| 76013
| PANTEGO TX
| No Box F, DM1 barcode below Box E
|-
|-
| FS4
| '''F'''
| '''III'''
| 026W0004897790
| CommPrice
| 11/01/2022
| 08110
| PENNSAUKEN NJ
| No Box F, DM1 barcode below Box E
|-
| FS5
| '''G'''
| '''VI'''
| 026W0004897812
| CommPrice
| 11/25/2023
| 11432
| JAMAICA NY
|
|-
|
| '''F'''
| '''IX'''
| 026W0004897816
| CommPrice
| 08/22/2022
| 33770
| LARGO FL
|
|-
| FS4
| '''F'''
| '''IX'''
| 026W0004897817
| CommPrice
| 06/20/2023
| 77030
| HOUSTON TX
| No Box F, DM1 barcode below Box E
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''IX'''
| 026W0004897878
| CommPrice 
| 08/25/2022
| 66505
| MANHATTAN KS
|
|-
| FS4
| '''F'''
| '''IX'''
| 026W0004897894
| CommPrice
| 01/23/2023
| 08110
| PENNSAUKEN NJ
|
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''IX'''
| 026W0004897895
| CommPrice
| 02/04/2022
| 45806
| CRIDERSVILLE OH
|
|-
| FS5
| '''G'''
| '''VI'''
| 026W0004897895
| CommPrice
| 11/21/2023
| 95628
| FAIR OAKS CA
|
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''IX'''
| 026W0004897939
| CommPrice
| 03/28/2022
| 55304
| ANDOVER MN
|
|-
|
| '''F'''
| '''IX'''
| 026W0004897942
| CommPrice
| 04/29/2022
| 06514
| HAMDEN CT
|
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''IX'''
| 026W0004898023
| CommPrice
| 09/23/2022
| 75150
| MESQUITE TX
|
|}


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
'''PC-D3.3B.3B'''
:: '''Box B2'''  '''US POSTAGE / PAID IMI''' in two lines above the date [[File: PC-D3.3B.3B 250415.png|right|500px]]
:: Meter numbers: 028W

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Label  Type
! Box B1 Type
! Box C Type
! &lt;u&gt;Meter no's&lt;/u&gt;
! Stack B2.2 line 2 type
! Date
! Zip
! City
! Notes
|-
| FS4
| '''G'''
| '''VI'''
| 028W0002310364
| CommPrice
| 03/18/2024
| 96003
| REDDING CA
| No Box F, DM1 barcode below Box E
|-
| FS4
| '''G'''
| '''VI'''
| 028W0002311094
| CommPrice
| 02/05/2024
| 34222
| ELLENTON FL
| No Box F, DM1 barcode below Box E
|-
| FS4
| '''G'''
| '''VI'''
| 028W0002311094
| CommPrice
| 08/22/2024
| 11735
| FARMINGDALE NY
| No Box F, DM1 barcode below Box E
|-
| FS4
| '''G'''
| '''VI'''
| 028W0002311374
| CommPrice
| 02/22/2024
| 33436
| BOYNTON BEACH FL
| No Box F, DM1 barcode below Box E
|-
| FS4
| '''G'''
| '''VI'''
| 028W0002311472
| CommPrice
| 03/04/2025
| 92376
| RIALTO CA
| No Box F, DM1 barcode below Box E
|}
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
'''PC-D3.3B.4A.1''' [[File: PC-D3.3B.4.png|right|500px]]
:: As '''PC-D3.3B.3''' but taller, thinner font
:: '''Box B2'''  '''US POSTAGE / PAID IMI''' in two lines above the date
:: Meter numbers: 026W

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Label  Type
! Box B1 Type
! Box C Type
! &lt;u&gt;Meter no's&lt;/u&gt;
! Customer ID
! Stack B2.2 line 2 type
! Date
! Zip
! City
! Notes
|-
| FS5
| '''P'''
| '''V'''
| 026W0004897241
| 3001124484
| ComPlsPrice
| 06/17/2022
| 93380
| VISALIA CA
|
|}

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
'''PC-D3.3B.4A.2''' 
:: As '''PC-D3.3B.3''' but taller, thinner font
:: '''Box B2'''  '''US POSTAGE / PAID IMI''' in two lines above the date
:: Meter numbers: 028W


{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Label  Type
! Box B1 Type
! Box C Type
! &lt;u&gt;Meter no's&lt;/u&gt;
! Customer ID
! Stack B2.2 line 2 type
! Date
! Zip
! City
! Notes
|-
| FS5
| '''X'''
| '''VIII'''
| 028W0002310218 
| 3000559694
| 
| 02/03/2023
| 98144
| SEATTLE WA
| Box F: order info
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''XII'''
| 028W0002310350
| 3001704288
| CommPrice
| 02/03/2023
| 80907
| COLORADO SPRINGS CO
|
|}
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


'''PC-D3.3B.4B''' [[File: PC-D3.3B.4B.png|right|500px]]
:: As '''PC-D3.3B.3''' but taller, thinner font
:: '''Box B2'''  '''US POSTAGE / PAID IMI''' in two lines above the date
:: No Box F, DM1 barcode below Box E
:: Meter numbers: 028W


{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Label  Type
! Box B1 Type
! Box C Type
! &lt;u&gt;Meter no's&lt;/u&gt;
! Customer ID
! Stack B2.2 line 2 type
! Date
! Zip
! City
! Notes
|-
| FS5
| '''G'''
| '''VI'''
| 028W0002310174
| 3002184618
| CommPrice
| 07/08/2024
| 60647
| CHICAGO IL
| 
|-
|}
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
'''PC-D3.3B.5A''' [[File: PC-D3.3B.5a.png|right|500px]]
:: Similar to'''PC-D3.3B.3''' 
:: '''Box B2'''  '''US POSTAGE / &amp; FEES PD IMI''' in two lines above the date
:: Meter numbers: 026W

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Label  Type
! Box B1 Type
! Box C Type
! &lt;u&gt;Meter no's&lt;/u&gt;
! Stack B2.2 line 2 type
! Date
! Zip
! City
! Notes
|-
| FS4
| '''F'''
| '''XII'''
| 026W0004897798
| CommPrice
| 01/24/2023
| 30907
| MARTINEZ GA
| No Box F, DM1 barcode below Box E
|}

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
'''PC-D3.3B.5B''' [[File: PC-D3.3B.5B.png|right|500px]]
:: Similar to'''PC-D3.3B.3''' 
:: '''Box B2'''  '''US POSTAGE / &amp; FEES PD IMI''' in two lines above the date
:: Meter numbers: 028W
:: Customer Identification Number below meter number

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


'''PC-D3.3B.6'''
:: A large label with 6 sections, 7 boxes  (&quot;'''Boxes A, B1, B2, C, D, E, F'''&quot;)
:: A box (&quot;'''Box A''') across the top containing the USPS eagle logo and &quot;UNITED STATES/ POSTAL SERVICE&quot; at left and a mailer's logo or identification at right. 
:: {{font|size=2|color=red|'''NOTE:''' ''For examples with'' '''Penalty of Fines Under 18 / USC 3571 for Private Use''' ''see'' '''OO-M1'''}}
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

'''PC-D3.3B.6A'''
:: '''Box B2''' as '''PC-D3.3B.3,  US POSTAGE / PAID IMI''' in two lines above the date
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
'''PC-D3.3B.6A.1A'''[[File: PC-D3.3B.6B.1.png|right|500px]]
: '''Box A''' with &quot;''' a preferred / shipping service on ebay '''&quot;
: identification number starts with &quot;'''026W'''&quot;

: &lt;u&gt;''' [[/Mail class and other descriptive types/|Click here for type description]]'''&lt;/u&gt;


{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Label  Type
! Box B1 Type
! Box C Type
! &lt;u&gt;Meter no's&lt;/u&gt;
! Stack B2.2 line 2 type
! Date
! Zip
! City
! Notes
|-
| FS6
| '''F'''
| '''IX'''
| 026W0004897242
| CommPrice
| 01/08/2022
| 19565
| WERNERSVILLE PA
|
|-
| FS6
| '''F'''
| '''IX'''
| 026W0004897406
| CommPrice
| 05/30/2020
| 92859
| ORANGE CA
|
|-
| FS6
| '''G'''
| '''VI'''
| 026W0004897486
| CommPrice
| 08/19/2023
| 76002
| ARLINGTON TX
|
|-
| FS6
| '''G'''
| '''VI'''
| 026W0004897525
| CommPrice
| 10/24/2023
| 35952
| SNEAD AL
|
|-
| FS6
| '''F'''
| '''IX'''
| 026W0004897526
| CommPrice
| 11/16/2020
| 98243
| Deer Harbor WA
|
|-
| FS6
| '''F'''
| '''IX'''
| 026W0004897591
| CommPrice
| 12/18/2020
| 49801
| Iron Mountain MI
|
|-
| FS6
| '''F'''
| '''IX'''
| 026W0004897642
| CommPrice
| 05/11/2020
| 92404
| San Bernardino CA
| small, 85 x 136mm
|-
| FS6
| '''F'''
| '''IX'''
| 026W0004897623
| CommPrice
| 05/08/2023
| 50010
| AMES IA
|
|-
| FS6
| '''F'''
| '''IX'''
| 026W0004897876
| CommPrice
| 05/18/2020
| 92404
| San B CAernardino
| small, 83 x 130mm
|-
| FS6
| '''P'''
| 
| 026W0004897894
| CommPrice
|
| 30513
|
|
|-
| FS6
| '''F'''
| 
| 026W0004897941
| CommPrice
|
| 60108
|
|
|}
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
'''PC-D3.3B.6A.1B'''
: '''Box A''' with &quot;''' a preferred / shipping service on ebay '''&quot;
: identification number starts with &quot;'''028W'''&quot;

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Label  Type
! Box B1 Type
! Box C Type
! &lt;u&gt;Meter no's&lt;/u&gt;
! Stack B2.2 line 2 type
! Date
! Zip
! City
! Notes
|-
| FS5
| '''G'''
| '''VI'''
| 028W0002310428
| 
| 06/18/2024
| 60512
| MONTGOMERY IL
| No Box F, DM1 barcode below Box E
|-
| FS5
| '''X'''
| '''VIII'''
| 028W0002310575
| 
| 05/31/2024
| 34677
| OLDSMAR FL
| No Box F, DM1 barcode below Box E
|-
| FS5
| '''G'''
| '''VI'''
| 028W0002311092
| CommPrice
| 06/13/2024
| 11103
| ASTORIA NY
| No Box F, DM1 barcode below Box E
|}
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
'''PC-D3.3B.6B'''
:: '''Box B2''' as '''PC-D3.3B.3,  US POSTAGE / &amp; FEES PD IMI''' in two lines above the date
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
'''PC-D3.3B.6B.1'''[[File: PC-D3.3B.6B.11.png|right|500px]]
: '''Box A''' with &quot;''' a preferred / shipping service on ebay '''&quot;

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Label  Type
! Box B1 Type
! Box C Type
! &lt;u&gt;Meter no's&lt;/u&gt;
! Stack B2.2 line 2 type
! Date
! Zip
! City
! Notes
|-
| FS6
| '''F'''
| '''XII'''
| 026W0004897813
| CommPrice
| 06/30/2022
| 07111
| IRVINGTON NJ
|
|}

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
'''PC-D3.3B.6C'''
:: '''Box B2'''   &quot;'''US POSTAGE / AND FEES PAID'''&quot; in two lines above the date
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

'''PC-D3.3B.6C.1'''[[File: USA meter stamp PC-D3.3C.jpg|right|500px]]
: '''Box A''' with “'''www.pitneybowes.com'''”

{{font|size=2|color=red|NOTE: For labels of this type used by an US Government Agency and with a Penalty statement see type &quot;'''OO-M1'''&quot;}}
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Label  Type
! Box B1 Type
! Box C Type
! &lt;u&gt;Meter no's&lt;/u&gt;
! Stack B2.2 line 2 type
! Date
! Zip
! City
! Notes
|-
| FS6
| '''F'''
| '''XII'''
| 026W0004897572
| CommPrice
| 06/29/2021
| 76155
| 
|}

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
'''PC-D3.3B.6D'''
:: '''Box B2'''   &quot;'''US POSTAGE'''&quot; in two lines above the date
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

'''PC-D3.3B.6D.1'''[[File: USA meter stamp PC-D3.3dd.jpg|right|500px]]

: '''Box A''' with “'''www.paypal.com'''”


{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Label  Type
! Box B1 Type
! Box C Type
! &lt;u&gt;Meter no's&lt;/u&gt;
! Stack B2.2 line 2 type
! Date
! Zip
! City
! Notes
|-
| FS6?
| '''X'''
| '''X'''
| 026W0004897485
| CommPrice
| 11/25/2020
| 55422
| 
|}


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
[[File: USA meter stamp PC-D3p4.jpg|right|530px]]
'''PC-D3.4'''
: Similar to PC-D3.3 but with tracking number added above the PDF417 2D barcode.
: Stacked at left of the 2D barcode are &quot;usps.com&quot;, the value figures, &quot;US POSTAGE&quot;, a rate statement, and in the bottom corner, the date.
: Centered below the 2D barcode are “Mailed from” and ZIP code and “024P”.
: V/F: {{space|4}} $0'''.'''00 {{space|4}}  $00'''.'''00

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
{{font|color=green|'''''NOTE: The stamp previously cataloged as Type PC-D3.5 is now a sub-type of PC-D3.3.'''''}}
[[File: PC-D3.5.png|right|1000px]]

'''PC-D3.5'''
: &quot;'''US POSTAGE / PAID IMI'''&quot; in two lines
: Unboxed rate class designation letter
: &quot;'''PDF417(7)'''&quot; 2-D barcode on right
: Meter Identification on right above customer Identification number
: Meter identification number: 028W followed by 10 digits
: On customs declaration form (CD)
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

'''PC-D4.1.'''
[[File: USA stamp type PC-G6.jpg|right|1000px]]
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
: Similar to Type PC-D3.4 but in wider format with the tracking barcode at far left.
: Meter number seen with &quot;024P&quot; prefix.
: With value figures below &quot;PAID&quot;.
: V/F: {{space|4}}  $0'''.'''00
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


'''PC-D4.2.'''[[File: USA meter stamp PC-D3.7.jpeg|right|1000px]]

: Wide format as with PC-D4.1 but &quot;US POSTAGE&quot; and the mail class are at far left with the tracking barcode below.
: The postage data is found below the PDF417 barcode, as follows:
:: ID# with &quot;026W&quot; prefix
:: Pitney Bowes (with &quot;CommPrice&quot; [or value figures?] below)
:: date
:: &quot;From&quot; ZIP code
:: weight
:: (destination) zone

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

'''PC-D4.3.1.'''[[File: PC-D4.3.1 260630.png|right|1000px]]

:: As with PC-D4.2 but with &quot;'''US POSTAGE PAID '''&quot; 
:: ID# with &quot;026W&quot; prefix

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


'''PC-D4.3.2.'''[[File: PC-D4.3.png|right|1000px]]

:: As with PC-D4.2 but with &quot;'''US POSTAGE PAID IMI'''&quot; 
:: ID# with &quot;026W&quot; prefix

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


'''PC-D4.4.'''[[File: PC-D4.4 250914.png|right|1000px]]

:: As with PC-D4.4 but with &quot;'''US POSTAGE PAID IMI'''&quot; at right above Identification number.
:: Two black bars complete from left to right
:: ID# with &quot;028W&quot; prefix

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


'''PC-D5.1.'''
: At right is the square &quot;Datamatrix&quot; barcode.
: Centered in the middle: &quot;US POSTAGE PAID&quot;/ &quot;Pitney Bowes&quot;/ rate statement/ identification number with 024P prefix
: At left: date/ ZIP code/ weight
: Always found on framed address label, and never with value figures.
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

'''PC-D5.1A.''' [[File: USA PC-F9.jpg|right|500px]]
: At left solid block rate code indicator
: Centered in the middle: &quot;US POSTAGE PAID&quot;/ &quot;Pitney Bowes&quot;/ rate statement/ identification number with 024P prefix at base


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
'''PC-D5.1B.'''[[File: PC-D5.1B.png|right|500px]]
: At left outline rate code indicator
: Centered in the middle: &quot;US POSTAGE PAID&quot;/ &quot;Pitney Bowes&quot;/ rate statement/ identification number with 024P prefix in middle

::: '''-1'''. Meter identification number positioned as in the illustration  for '''PC-D5.1A.'''
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


'''PC-D5.2.''' [[File: USA stamp type PC-F9B.jpg|right|307px]]
: Similar to Type PC-D4.1 but &quot;Pitney Bowes&quot; is vertical reading up at left.
: The rate, date, ZIP code, and weight are stacked between &quot;US POSTAGE PAID&quot; (italicized) at top and the identification number at bottom.
: Identification number with 024P prefix.
: &quot;'''Found only on International postage/address/customs forms purchased online from the USPS web site.'''&quot;
: The complete form is shown reduced at right. Occurs in at least two types:
::::{{space|5}}  Type I {{space|5}}  &quot;To/From&quot; horizontal
::::{{space|5}}  Type II {{space|4}}  &quot;To/From&quot; vertical
: V/F: {{space|4}} $00'''.'''00 or nil
:{{font|size=2|color=red|NOTE: &quot;'''For labels of this type the collector should save the whole form'''&quot;}}


:: '''A'''. With &quot;ONLINE DISCOUNT RATE&quot; below US POSTAGE PAID  
:: '''B'''. With postage paid shown in dollars and cents [[File: USA stamp type PC-F9point1B.jpg|right|307px]]
:: '''C'''. Without rate, blank between US POSTAGE PAID and the date


[[File: USA stamp type PC-F9B document.jpg|right|800px]]
[[File: PC-D5.2z.png|right|800px]]


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


'''PC-D5.3. “Shipstream Manager”''', 2006.[[File: USA PC-F11.jpg|right|888px]]
: Very wide design with square &quot;Datamatrix&quot; barcode at right and large tracking barcode at center.
: Above the 2D barcode are the date, ZIP code, weight, and &quot;Pitney Bowes&quot;.
: Below the 2D barcode is the ID number with 024P prefix.
: At far left is “US POSTAGE PAID” above the class of mail.
:: '''A'''. With rate statement instead of value figures.
:: '''B'''. With value figures above the date


[[File: USA stamp type PC-D4point3B.jpeg|right|888px]]


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


[[File: USA stamp type PC-G3point1.jpg|right|570px]]

'''PC-D5.4. &quot;SmartPostage&quot;''', 2011. 
:  As Type PC-D4.5 but with &quot;www.pbSmartPostage.com&quot; instead of the eBay logo. 
:  Identification number with 024P prefix.
:: '''A'''. With value figures. {{space|4}} V/F: $0'''.'''00
:: '''B'''. Without value figures but with rate statement

:: '''a'''. With &quot;Commercial Base Pricing&quot; immediately below the &quot;Pitney Bowes&quot;


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


'''PC-D5.5.''' (presumed to be '''“Shipstream Manager”'''), 2013.[[File: USA stamp type PC-F15.jpg|right|888px]]

:  Similar to Type PC-D4.3 but with the elements rearranged.
: The identification number, date, &quot;From&quot; Zip code, and weight are below the square &quot;Datamatrix&quot; barcode.
: The tracking barcode is at far left rather than center.
: At near left of the Datamatrix barcode is &quot;Pitney Bowes&quot;.
: &quot;US POSTAGE PAID&quot; and the mail class are at far left above the tracking barcode.
:  Identification number with 024P prefix.
: &lt;u&gt;''' [[/Mail class and other descriptive types/|Click here for type description]]'''&lt;/u&gt;


:: '''A'''. With value figures above &quot;Pitney Bowes&quot;: {{space|4}} $0'''.'''00
:: '''B'''. Without value figures

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


'''PC-D5.6. &quot;SmartPostage&quot;''', 2006. 

:  Similar to Type PC-D3.2 but with square DataMatrix barcode instead of &quot;PDF417&quot; barcode. 
: “US POSTAGE PAID” at top center above &quot;Pitney Bowes&quot;, a rate statement, and the identification number. 
:  sans-serif &quot;a preferred / shipping service on ebay&quot; in upper right
:  Service indicator in Box B1 with solid block letters
:  Meter identification number with 024P prefix.
:  With value figures. {{space|4}} V/F: $0'''.'''00 {{space|2}} [scarce]
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

'''PC-D5.7. &quot;SmartPostage&quot;''' [[File: USA PC-G3B.jpg|right|495px]]

:  Similar to Type PC-D3.2 but with square DataMatrix barcode instead of &quot;PDF417&quot; barcode. 
: “US POSTAGE PAID” at top center above &quot;Pitney Bowes&quot;, a rate statement, and the identification number. 
:  sans-serif &quot;a preferred / shipping service on ebay&quot; in upper right
:  Service indicator in Box B1 with solid block letters
:  Meter identification number with 024P prefix.
:  Without value figures but with rate statement


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
'''PC-D5.8.0 &quot;SmartPostage&quot;'''[[File: USA stamp type PC-G3C.jpg|right|530px]]

:  Similar to Type PC-D3.2 but with square DataMatrix barcode instead of &quot;PDF417&quot; barcode. 
: “US POSTAGE PAID” at top center above &quot;Pitney Bowes&quot;, a rate statement, and the identification number. 
:  sans-serif &quot;a preferred / shipping service on ebay&quot; in upper right
:  service indicator in Box B1 at left is narrower (not square) and the letter within is outlined rather than solid. 
:  Lettering in the panel [C] at bottom is smaller.
:  Meter identification number with 024P prefix.

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

'''PC-D5.8.1 &quot;SmartPostage&quot;''' [[File: USA stamp type PC-G3D.jpg|right|530px]]

:  Similar to Type PC-D3.2 but with square DataMatrix barcode instead of &quot;PDF417&quot; barcode. 
: “US POSTAGE PAID” at top center above &quot;Pitney Bowes&quot;, a rate statement, and the identification number. 
:  sans-serif &quot;a preferred / shipping service on ebay&quot; in upper right
:  service indicator in Box B1 at left is narrower (not square) and the letter within is outlined rather than solid. 
:  Lettering in the panel [C] at bottom is smaller.
:  Meter identification number with 024P prefix.
:  V/F: {{space|4}} V/F: $0'''.'''00


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
'''PC-D5.9. &quot;SmartPostage&quot;''' 

:  Similar to Type PC-D3.2 but with square DataMatrix barcode instead of &quot;PDF417&quot; barcode. 
: “US POSTAGE PAID” at top center above &quot;Pitney Bowes&quot;, a rate statement, and the identification number. 
:  service indicator in Box B1 at left is narrower (not square) and the letter within is outlined rather than solid. 
:  Lettering in the panel [C] at bottom is smaller.
:  Meter identification number with 024P prefix.
:  With value figures or without but with rate statement
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
'''PC-D5.9A.'''[[File: PC-D5.9B.0.1 260706.png|right|475px]]

:  sans-serif &quot;a preferred / shipping service on ebay&quot; in upper right
: &lt;u&gt;''' [[/Mail class and other descriptive types/|Click here for type description]]'''&lt;/u&gt;

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Label Type
! Box B1 Type
! Box C Type
! &lt;u&gt;Meter no's&lt;/u&gt;
! Stack B2.2 line 2 type
! Date
! Zip
! City
! Notes
|-
| FS6
| '''F'''
| '''XIV'''
| 024P0007629585
| ComBasPrice
| 12/28/2015
| 85541
| PAYSON AZ
| 
|-
| FS6
| '''F'''
| '''XIV'''
| 024P0007629647
| ComBasPrice
| 02/10/2016
| 85541
| PAYSON AZ
|
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''XIV'''
| 024P0007629652
| ComBasPrice
| 06/21/2014
| 10509
| BREWSTER NY
|
|-
| FS6
| '''F'''
| '''XV'''
| 024P0007629756
| 
| 03/17/2016
| 85541
| PAYSON AZ
| 
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''XIV'''
| 024P0007629758
| ComBasPrice
| 12/11/2012
| 32812
| ORLANDO FL
|
|-
| FS6
| '''F'''
| '''XIV'''
| 024P0007629777
| ComBasPrice
| 03/15/2017
| 17362
| SPRING GROVE PA
|
|-
| FS6
| '''F'''
| '''VI'''
| 024P0007629797
| CommBasPrice
| 10/19/2015
| 01970
| Salem MA
| 108 x 155 mm
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''XIV'''
| 024P0007632129
| ComBasPrice
| 06/01/2019
| 85203
| MESA AZ
|
|-
| FS6
| '''F'''
| '''XV'''
| 024P0007776044
| 
| 02/25/2016
| 32701
| ALTAMONTE SPG FL
|
|-
| FS6
| '''F'''
| '''XIV'''
| 024P0007776131
| ComBasPrice
| 02/10/2016
| 85541
| PAYSON AZ
|
|-
| FS6
| '''F'''
| '''XIV'''
| 024P0007776147
| ComBasPrice
| 10/17/2016
| 76251
| MONTAGUE TX
|
|-
| FS6
| '''F'''
| '''XIV'''
| 024P0007776172
| ComBasPrice
| 11/27/2015
| 85541
| PAYSON AZ
|
|-
| FS6
| '''F'''
| '''XIV'''
| 024P0007776173
| ComBasPrice
| 08/18/2015
| 20904
| SILVER SPRING MD
|
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''XIV'''
| 024P0007776210
| ComBasPrice
| 10/27/2015
| 33187
| MIAMI FL
|
|-
| FS6
| '''F'''
| '''XIV'''
| 024P0007776653
| ComBasPrice
| 09/12/2016
| 12992
| WEST CHAZY NY
|
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''XIV'''
| 024P0007776711
| ComBasPrice
| 10/12/2016
| 60543
| OSWEGO IL
|
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''XIV'''
| 024P0007875935
| ComBasPrice
| 01/20/2015
| 85211
| MESA AZ
|
|-
| FS6
| '''F'''
| '''XIV'''
| 024P0007875935
| ComBasPrice
| 10/06/2015
| 33161
| FLORIDA CITY FL
|
|-
| FS6
| '''F'''
| '''VI'''
| 024P0007875960
| CommBasPrice
| 10/05/2015
| 01610
| Worcester MA
| 96 x 151 mm
|-
| FS6
| '''F'''
| '''XIV'''
| 024P0007876028
| ComBasPrice
| 01/12/2019
| 22301
| ALEXANDRIA VA
|
|-
| FS6
| '''F'''
| '''XIV'''
| 024P0007876132
| ComBasPrice
| 11/10/2015
| 85541
| PAYSON AZ
|
|-
| FS6
| '''P'''
| '''V'''
| 024P0007876133
| CommBasPrice
| 06/18/2018
| 92404
| San Bernardino CA
| 92 x 161 mm
|-
| FS6
| '''F'''
| '''VI'''
| 024P0007876173
| CommBasPrice
| 02/11/2019
| 30097
| Duluth GA
| 101 x 161 mm
|-
| FS6
| '''F'''
| '''XIV'''
| 024P0007876761
| ComBasPrice
| 10/13/2015
| 85541
| PAYSON AZ
|
|-
| FS6
| '''F'''
| '''XIV'''
| 024P0007876771
| ComBasPrice
| 03/12/2016
| 85541
| PAYSON AZ
|
|}

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


: &lt;u&gt;''' [[/Mail class and other descriptive types/|Click here for type description]]'''&lt;/u&gt;


'''PC-D5.9B.0.0.'''[[File: PC-D5.9B.png|right|475px]]
[[File: PC-D5.9B.0.1 260630.png|right|475px]]
:  Italic &quot;a preferred / shipping service on ebay&quot; in upper right
:  Small &quot;'''ebay'''&quot;, large space between the base of the &quot;'''y'''&quot; and the frame


{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Label  Type
! Box B1 Type
! Box C Type
! &lt;u&gt;Meter no's&lt;/u&gt;
! Stack B2.2 line 2 type
! Date
! Zip
! City
! Notes
|-
| FS6
| '''F'''
| '''VI'''
| 024P0007629802
| CommBasPrice
| 11/25/2019
| 92404
| San Bernardino CA
| 86 x 140mm
|-
| FS6
| '''F'''
| '''VI'''
| 024P0007776072
| CommBasPrice
| 11/19/2018
| 65803
| Springfield MO
| Blue label stock, 96 x 156 mm
|-
| FS6
| '''F'''
| '''VI'''
| 024P0007776728
| CommBasPrice
| 07/05/2019
| 92404
| San Bernardino CA
| 87 x 140mm
|-
| FS6
| '''F'''
| '''VI'''
| 024P0007875976
| CommBasPrice
| 11/22/2019
| 02532
| 
| 
|-
| FS6
| '''F'''
| '''VI'''
| 024P0007876188
| CommBasPrice
| 05/28/2019
| 92404
| San Bernardino CA
| 96 x 155mm
|-
| FS6
| '''F'''
| '''VI'''
| 024P0007876772
| CommBasPrice
| 12/23/2019
| 98245
| Eastsound WA
| 96 x 155mm
|}
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


'''PC-D5.9B.1.'''[[File: PC-D5.9B.1 250609.png|right|475px]]

:  As with &quot;'''PC-D5.9B.0.''' Italic &quot;a preferred / shipping service on ebay&quot; in upper right
:  F/V $(0)0.00 above 4 lines at left of Box B2


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


'''PC-D5.9B.2.'''[[File: PC-D5.9B.2 250609.png|right|475px]]

:  As with &quot;'''PC-D5.9B.1.''' Italic &quot;a preferred / shipping service on ebay&quot; in upper right
:  Font in Boxes B2 and C &quot;'''USPSIMB'''&quot; (either Compact or Standard?)
:  F/V $(0)0.00 above 2 lines at left of Box B2


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


'''PC-D5.9C.0.'''[[File: PC-D5.9C.0 250609.png|right|475px]]

:  In &quot;Box A&quot; at upper right &quot;'''www.paypal.com'''&quot;
:  &quot;Box B2&quot; 4 lines at left, Date/Zip Code/ Weight/ Zone


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


'''PC-D5.9C.1.'''[[File: PC-D5.9C.1 250609.png|right|475px]]

:  In &quot;Box A&quot; at upper right &quot;'''www.paypal.com'''&quot;
:  &quot;Box B2&quot; 2 lines at left, Date/Zip Code


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
[[File: USA meter stamp PC-D5.7.jpg|right|360px]]

'''PC-D6.0''', 2021. 
:  Similar to PC-D5.2 but with '''Pitney Bowes''' at the top of the point-of-sale data stacked at left of the Datamatrix barcode. 
:  Datamatrix barcode (DM4) 19 mm square, with 4 data blocks
:  Below '''Pitney Bowes''' are the value figures, '''US POSTAGE''' or '''US POSTAGE IMI''', a mail class statement.
:   a ten-digit number, &quot;3000156428&quot; evidently the customer identification number, the ZIP code and the date.
:  V/F: $0.00o 
:  This stamp arises from the new partnership between eBay and Pitney Bowes for &quot;eBay Delivery Service&quot; shipping.

:: '''A'''.  Inscribed '''US POSTAGE''', identification number with 026W prefix,
:::::&lt;span style=&quot;color: GREEN;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Known with the following &quot;'''Directive'''&quot; types:     &quot;FIRST-CLASS&quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;


'''NOTE''': Type PC-D6 is nearly identical in appearance to Type QB7. They differ only in color and in the ten-digit number that appears below the identification number, '''black''' and '''3''' for PC-D5.7, and '''red''' and '''2''' for QB7.

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

'''PC-D6.1.0''', 2024.
:  Inscribed '''US POSTAGE IMI''', with &quot;FIM&quot; barcode to left, Datamatrix barcode 20 mm square, with 4 data blocks, identification number with 026W prefix,
:  Datamatrix barcode 15 mm square, with 4 data blocks, or 27mm square,
:  Identification number with 026W prefix,

:::::&lt;span style=&quot;color: GREEN;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Known with the following &quot;'''Directive'''&quot; types:     &quot;FIRST-CLASS&quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


'''PC-D6.1.1''', 2024.
:  Inscribed '''US POSTAGE IMI''', with &quot;FIM&quot; barcode to left,
:  Datamatrix barcode 18-19 mm  with 4 data blocks, 
:  Identification number with 028W prefix,

:::::&lt;span style=&quot;color: GREEN;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Known with the following &quot;'''Directive'''&quot; types:     &quot;FIRST-CLASS&quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

----

===={{font|size=4|color=#2a3439|Sub-group PC-E: Franks from Envelope Manager (Endicia) software, ID numbers mostly with 07#V prefix but also 07#M, 07#S, 06#S and without ID number}}====

{{font/top|size=3|color=#0018A8}}
* All the stamps have a generic design, bar code and text. The earlier stamps include &quot;endicia.com&quot; in the design and later ones are identifiable only by the identification number which is most commonly 071V although 071M and 071S are also found. From 2024 on, 062, and 063 are also found. An exception is Type PC-E2.2, Sub-type A, which does not show an identification number.
* When first released (February 2001) the system was labeled by Indicia as &quot;'''DAZzle 2000'''&quot;.

* On November 18, 2015 Stamps.com (see Sub-group PC-C) acquired Endicia. In 2024, Stamps.com and Endicia were once again seperate, being individual divisions under a holding company.
{{font/end}}

{{font|size=3|color=red|'''''NOTE''': &lt;br&gt;Several stamps in Group Q resemble stamps in Group PC. If you don't find what you are looking for here, check there.''}}
----
&lt;br&gt;
{{font|size=1|color=blue|''Type '''RE1''' in 2001 edition''}}

'''PC-E1.1. Envelope Manager Software (Endicia Inc.) “DAZzle 2000” ''', 2000. [[File: USA PC-F2A.jpg|right|316px]]
: “'''endicia.com'''” at bottom left of &quot;PDF417(7)&quot; barcode.
: “US POSTAGE” at top right. 
: Stacked at center: value figures / class of mail / date / town line. 
: ID# with 071M, 071S, or 071V prefix at bottom right.
: V/F: {{space|4}} $0'''.'''00 {{space|4}} $0'''.'''000


::'''PC-E1.1A'''. Basic stamp without framing


::: '''a'''.  Top portion above 2D barcode shifted far to the left (shown at right). This may be the result of inconsistent software rather than printer variables.[[File: USA PC-F2aa.jpg|right|316px]]
::: '''b'''.  With &quot;CORRECTION&quot; instead of '&quot;endicia.com&quot; at bottom left
::: '''c'''.  With &quot;FIM&quot; barcode at top left.


::'''PC-E1.1B'''. The stamp is in a frame with large mail class indicator at left and the class of mail spelled out below.[[File: USA PC-F2B.jpg|right|500px]]


::'''PC-E1.1C''' As '''PC-E1.1A''' but with &quot;'''endicia.com/mac'''&quot; at bottom left of &quot;PDF417(7)&quot; barcode.


::: '''a'''.  With &quot;FIM&quot; barcode at top left.


{{font|size=1|color=blue|''Type '''RE2''' in 2001 edition''}}[[File: USA PC-F3A.jpg|right|310px]]


'''PC-E1.2. Envelope Manager Software (Endicia Inc.) “DAZzle 2000” ''', 2002. 
: As Type PC-E1.1 but the point-of-sale data is at left rather than in the center, and the sequence of data is different. 
: At top left: value figures/ date/ rate information
: At top right: &quot;US POSTAGE&quot;/ &quot;Mailed from ZIP...&quot;
: “'''endicia.com'''” at bottom left
: Identification number with 071V prefix
: Never with &quot;FIM&quot; barcode.
: V/F: $0'''.'''00


:: '''PC-E1.2A'''. Basic stamp without framing


::: '''a'''. With text above bar code shifted significantly to left or right. This may be the result of inconsistent software rather than printer variables.
::: '''b'''. On large label ('''STvar''') (see Section PC intro)[[File: PC-E1.2A-b.png|right|800px]]


:: '''PC-E1.2B'''. The stamp is in a frame with large mail class indicator at left and the class of mail spelled out below.[[File: USA PC-F3B.jpg|right|500px]]


::: '''d'''. Without rate information below the date[[File: USA meter stamp PC-E1p2dd.jpg|right|500px]]


:: '''PC-E1.2C'''. &quot;'''endicia.com/mac'''&quot; at lower left, produced by systems designed for Apple computer users


'''PC-E1.3. Envelope Manager Software (Endicia Inc.) “DAZzle 2000” ''', 2002. 
: Similar to Type PC-E1.2 but with rate statement instead of value figures.
: “POSTAGE AND FEES PAID” at top above date, ZIP code, and rate statement. 
: “'''endicia.com'''” at bottom left


::'''PC-E1.3A'''. Basic stamp without framing [[File: USA PC-F4A.jpg|right|324px]]
::: Identification number with 071V prefix


::: '''a'''. With text above bar code shifted significantly to left or right. This may be the result of inconsistent software rather than printer variables.[[File: USA PC-F4bb.jpg|right|415px]]


::: '''b'''. On large label ('''STvar''') (see Section PC intro)[[File: PC-E1.3A-b.png|right|800px]]


::'''PC-E1.3B'''. The stamp is in a frame with large mail class indicator at left and the class of mail spelled out below.[[File: USA PC-F4B.jpg|right|500px]]
::: Identification number with 071V prefix


: &lt;u&gt;''' [[/Mail class and other descriptive types/|Click here for Mail Class type description]]'''&lt;/u&gt;


{{font/top|size=2|color=black}}

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Label Type
! Box B1 Type
! Box C Type
! &lt;u&gt;Meter no's&lt;/u&gt;
! Line A Equivalent
! Stack B2.2 line 2 type
! Date
! Zip
! City
! Notes
|-
| '''FS5'''
| '''FCM'''
| '''XVI'''
| 071V00515554
| A13
| 
| OCT 27 2011
| 55337
| BURNSVILLE MN
| NO TRACKING BARCODE
|-
| '''FS5'''
| '''F'''
| '''IX'''
| 071V00525268
| A11
| Commercial Base Price
| JAN 5 2015
| 92705
| SANTA ANA CA
| 
|-
| '''FS5'''
| '''F'''
| '''IX'''
| 071V00525268
| A12
| Commercial Base Price
| APR 12 2016
| 92705
| SANTA ANA CA
|
|-
| '''FS5'''
| '''F'''
| '''IX'''
| 071V00525268
| A12
| Commercial Base Price
| JAN 3 2017
| 92705
| SANTA ANA CA
|
|-
| '''FS5'''
| '''F'''
| '''IX'''
| 071V00525268
| A12
| Commercial Base Price
| FEB 17 2017
| 92705
| SANTA ANA CA||-
| 
|-
| '''FS5'''
| '''F'''
| '''IX'''
| 071V00525268
| A12
| Commercial Base Price
| MAR 1 2017
| 92705
| SANTA ANA CA||-
|
|-
| '''FS5'''
| '''FCM'''
| '''XVI'''
| 071V00548099
| A13
| 
| APR 17 2007
| 83333
|
|
|-
| '''FS5'''
| solid black
| '''VIII'''
| 071V00682520
| A7
| 
| FEB 6 2009
| 80922
| COLORADO SPRINGS CO
|
|-
| '''FS3'''
| '''P'''
| '''V'''
| 071V01059238
| A11
| Commercial Plus Price
| SEP 8 2020
| 30071
| NORCROSS GA
|
|}
{{font/end}}


::: '''e'''. As '''B''', with question mark after the mail class statement: '''PRIORITY MAIL 2-DAY?'''
::::  (This may be a computer error with the question mark printing in place of a registration mark (''R in circle'').)[[File:USA meter stamp PC-E1p3ee.jpg|right|500px]]


::: '''f'''. Without the &quot;Box C&quot; containing the class of mail below the frank [[File: USA stamp type PC-E3p1ff.jpg|right|400px]]


::: '''g'''. &quot;Box E&quot; with USPS emblem at left, no tracking info[[File: PC-E1.3B-g.png|right|300px]]


::: '''h'''. &quot;Box E&quot; with USPS emblem at left, endicia emblem at right[[File: PC-E1.3B-h.png|right|300px]]


::'''PC-E1.3C'''. As '''PC-E1.3B''' with &quot;'''endicia.com/mac'''&quot; at lower left, produced by systems designed for Apple computer users[[File: USA PC-F4aa.jpg|right|500px]]
::: Identification number with 071M prefix


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


::'''PC-E1.3D'''. As '''PC-E1.3B''' with &quot;'''endicia'''&quot; at lower left, [[File: PC-E1.3D.png|right|500px]]
::: Identification number with 062S prefix

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


[[File: USA meter stamp PC-E1p4.jpg|right|500px]]

'''PC-E1.4. Envelope Manager Software (Endicia Inc.) “DAZzle 2000” ''', 2002. 
: Similar to Type PC-E1.3B but with logo and &quot;'''endicia'''&quot; at upper right.
: The ID number is above the 2D bar code at right.
: The date is below the mail class designation at left.
: Identification number with &quot;071V&quot; prefix.
: Seem on large label that includes customs information.


{{font|size=1|color=blue|''Type '''RE3''' in 2001 edition''}}[[File: USA PC-F5.jpg|right|530px]]

'''PC-E2.1. Envelope Manager Software (Endicia Inc.) ''', 2002.
: Found only on the top of large address labels downloaded directly from the USPS web site. 
: In wide box at right is the 2D &quot;PDF417&quot; barcode.
: To the left of the 2D barcode are &quot;US POSTAGE&quot; vertical, &quot;WWW.USPS.COM&quot;, value figures, and date.
: A series of nine 4-digit numbers is above the 2D barcode, and the ZIP code and identification number with 071V prefix are below.
: Very large “P” (for Priority Mail) or “E” (for Express Mail) in box at left. 
: Across the bottom is the class of mail spelled out.
: V/F: {{space|4}} $0'''.'''00  [[File:MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|15px]]$00'''.'''00


{{font|size=1|color=blue|''Type '''RE4''' in 2001 edition''}}
[[File: USA stamp type PC-G2 B.jpg|right|580px]]

'''PC-E2.2. Envelope Manager Software (Endicia Inc.) '''. 
: Stamp similar to PC-E2.1 with &quot;PDF417&quot; barcode but with panel at top containing USPS eagle logo at left and '''Click-N-Ship'''&amp;reg; logo at right.
: This appears to be a replacement for type PC-E2.1.
: Identification number, with 071V prefix, at right of the ZIP code

: V/F: {{space|4}} $(0)0'''.'''00

:: '''Note'''. For similar item without identification number see &quot;'''PC-G3'''&quot;


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


'''PC-E2.3. Envelope Manager Software (Endicia Inc.) '''. [[File: USA stamp type PC-G5.jpg|right|1000px]]
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
: Nearly identical to Types PC-C5.2 (Stamps.com) and PC-D3.3 (Pitney Bowes) except for the identification number which has &quot;071V&quot; prefix.


'''PC-E3.1. Endicia.com ''', 2010.

: Square &quot;DataMatrix&quot; barcode at right with company identity reading down at far right.
: Text from top, at left of barcode: &quot;US POSTAGE AND FEES PAID&quot;, mail class (''may be omitted''), date (mmm dd yyyy), ZIP code, rate statement (''may be omitted''), &quot;CommBasePrice&quot; or &quot;CommPlusPrice&quot; (''may be omitted'')
: Later stamps also include a second, more specific, rate statement. (''see the image for &quot;b&quot; below'')
: ID# with 071S or 071V prefix below 2D barcode.


:: '''A1'''. Company identity &quot;endicia.com&quot; (longer than DataMatrix is tall), barred &quot;I&quot; font[[File: USA stamp type PC-F12 better.jpg|right|520px]]

::: ID# with 071S or 071V prefix below 2D barcode.


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


::::: '''c'''. Printed on short label containing tracking bar code but not the destination address[[File: USA stamp type PC-E2p1cc.jpg|right|320px]]


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


::::: '''e'''. Datamatrix bar code field contains vertical bars, probably caused by a malfunction [[File:USA meter stamp PC-E2p1ee.jpg|right|500px]]


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


:: '''A2.1'''. Company identity &quot;endicia.com&quot; (shorter than DataMatrix is tall), unbarred &quot;I&quot; font 

::: ID# with 071S prefix below 2D barcode.
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

::::: '''b'''. Text at top truncated: &quot;US POSTAGE AND FEES P&quot;[[File: USA stamp type PC-F12bb.jpg|right|550px]]

: &lt;u&gt;''' [[/Mail class and other descriptive types/|Click here for Mail Class type description]]'''&lt;/u&gt;

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Label type
! Box  B1 TYPE
! Box C type
! Meter number
! Line A equivalent
! Stack B2.2 line 2 type
! Date
! Zip code
! City
! Notes
|-
| FS4
| '''P'''
| XXXIII
| 071S00799149
| A17
| Commercial Plus Pricing
| Nov 27 2017
| 37801
| MARYVILLE TN
| 
|-
| FS4
| Black
| VIII
| 071S00773763
| A7
|
| Dec 19 2017
| 30605
| ATHENS GA
|
|-
| FS4
| Black
| VIII
| 071S00773763
| A7
|
| Dec 22 2017
| 30605
| ATHENS GA
|
|-
| 
| '''F'''
| IX
| 071S00913234
| A18
| CommercialBasePrice
| Aug 04 2014
| 33351
| SUNRISE FL
| subtype &quot;b&quot;
|-
| FS4
| '''F'''
| IX
| 071S00917592
| A18
| CommercialBasePrice 
| Feb 11 2014
| 11220
| BROOKLYN NY
|
|-
| FS4
| '''F'''
| IX
| 071S00917592
| A18
| CommercialBasePrice 
| Oct 11 2014
| 11220
| BROOKLYN NY
|
|}

:: '''A2.2'''. Company identity &quot;endicia.com&quot; (shorter than DataMatrix is tall), unbarred &quot;I&quot; font [[File:PC-E3.1A2.png|right|550px]]

::: ID# with 071V prefix below 2D barcode.
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

::::: '''f'''. Datamatrix bar code field is wider than tall, not square [[File:USA meter stamp PC-E3.1ff.jpg|right|380px]]

: &lt;u&gt;''' [[/Mail class and other descriptive types/|Click here for Mail Class type description]]'''&lt;/u&gt;

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Label type
! Box  B1 TYPE
! Box C type
! Meter number
! Line A equivalent
! Stack B2.2 line 2 type
! Date
! Zip code
! City
! Notes
|-
| FS4
| black box
| VIII
| 071V00908463
| A16
| 
| Dec 21 2017
| 75104
| CEDAR HILL TX
| 2 copies, framed
|-
| FS4
| '''P'''
| XXXIII
| 071V00970570
| A17
| CommercialBasePrice
| Jun 05 2018
| 28052
|
| shorter Enddicia on right
|-
| 
| 
| 
| 
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| 
| 
| 
| 
|
|
|
|
|
|
|}


:: '''B1'''. Company identity is a round logo and &quot;endicia&quot; (''first seen in late 2018'')

::: Unframed
::: ID# with 071S prefix below 2D barcode.

:::::'''-1''' Top two lines bold [[File: PC-E3.1B1-1.png|right|540px]]


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


:::::'''-2''' All but top line and fifth line bold [[File: PC-E3.1B1-2.png|right|540px]]


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


:::::'''-3''' All lines bold [[File: PC-E3.1B1-3.png|right|540px]]


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


:: '''B2'''. Company identity is a round logo and &quot;endicia&quot; [[File: USA meter stamp PC-E3.1B.jpg|right|540px]]

::: ID# with 071V prefix below 2D barcode.

:  ''subtypes unknown ''
::::: '''a'''. Datamatrix barcode field omitted
::::: '''d'''. Printed without the tracking bar code


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


[[File: USA stamp type PC-F12point1.jpg|right|520px]]

'''PC-E3.2. Endicia.com''', 2014.
: Similar to Type PC-E3.1 with square &quot;DataMatrix&quot; barcode, but the value figures are at upper left and &quot;US POSTAGE&quot; is alone at top center.
: ID# with 071V prefix seen.
: V/F: {{space|4}} $00'''.'''00


[[File: USA stamp type PC-E2p3.jpg|right|340px]]

'''PC-E3.3A. Endicia.com''', 2015.
: Similar to Types PC-E3.1 and PC-E3.2 but &quot;U.S. POSTAGE&quot; is lower, below the date and ZIP code.
: The value figures are at far left.
: One seen, with &quot;FIM&quot; bar code at upper left.
: ID# with 071V prefix seen.
: '''endicia.com''' reads down.
: V/F: {{space|4}} $00'''.'''00


[[File: USA meter stamp PC-E3p3B.jpg|right|365px]]

'''PC-E3.3B. Endicia.com'''.
: As Type PC-E3.3A but with rate statement instead of value figures.
: ID# with 071V prefix seen.
: '''endicia.com''' reads up.


Note:  Items formersly listed as &quot;'''PC-E3.3C'''&quot; and &quot;'''PC-E3.3D'''&quot; are now listed  as &quot;'''PC-E3.8.1'''&quot; AND &quot;'''PC-E3.8.2'''&quot; RESPECTIVELY.
      

[[File:USA stamp type PC-E2p4.jpg|right|520px]]

'''PC-E3.4. Endicia.com''', 2016.
: Similar to Type PC-E3.1 but inscribed &quot;U.S. POSTAGE PAID&quot; without &quot;AND FEES&quot;. Also the inscription is centered rather than high.
: Below &quot;US POSTAGE PAID&quot; is &quot;From ZIP ##### and a rate statement.
: Rather than a large mail classification code, the mailer's name and address is found in the box at left.
: ID# with 071S prefix seen.
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

[[File:USA meter stamp PC-E3.5.jpeg|right|410px]]

'''PC-E3.5. Endicia.com''', 2018.
: Square DataMatrix barcode as with previous PC-E3 types but with round logo and &quot;endicia&quot; horizontal at bottom left instead of vertical at right.
: Text at left of barcode: At top (not fully visible in the image): &quot;US POSTAGE AND FEES PAID&quot; above the weight and mail class, price modification statement, date, ZIP code, identification number, a &quot;CID&quot; (&lt;i&gt;'''C'''ontract '''ID''' identification&lt;/i&gt;) number, and the Endicia logo.
: No value figures are shown
: ID# with 071V prefix seen.

: The example reported was used on international mail.


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

'''PC-E3.6. Endicia''', 2024. [[File:PC-E3.6.png|right|410px]]
: Square DataMatrix barcode as with previous PC-E3 types with &quot;endicia&quot; vertical at right but without round logo.
: Most similar to type '''PC-E3.1A2'''
: No line separating Box B1 and Box B2.
: Text at left of barcode: At top (not fully visible in the image): &quot;US POSTAGE AND FEES PAID&quot; above the weight and mail class, '''IMI''' following mail class
: Price modification statement, date, ZIP code, Mail class 1, Mail class 2, a &quot;CID&quot; (&lt;i&gt;'''C'''ontract '''ID'''entification&lt;/i&gt;) number, Mail class 3.
: No value figures are shown
: ID# with 063S prefix below bar code.

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

'''PC-E3.7. Endicia''', 2025. [[File:PC-E3.7 251201.png|right|410px]]
: Square DataMatrix barcode as with previous PC-E3 types with &quot;endicia&quot; vertical at right but without round logo.
: Most similar to type '''PC-E3.6'''
: Text at left of barcode: At top: &quot;US POSTAGE&quot; above the weight and mail class, 
: Stacked below are:Mail Class I with '''IMI''' following mail class, date, ZIP code, Mail class 2, Mail class 3, Mail class 4, a &quot;CID&quot; (&lt;i&gt;'''C'''ontract '''ID'''entification&lt;/i&gt;) 8 digit number, .
: F/V: &quot;'''$0.00'''&quot;
: ID# with 063S prefix below bar code.

:: '''PC-E3.7.1'''. With green banner to left inscribed &quot;'''USPS CERTIFIED MAIL &lt;sup&gt;TM&lt;/sup&gt;'''&quot;, barcode below

[[File:PC-E3.7.1.png|right|650px]]

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


[[File: USA meter stamp PC-E3.3B.jpg|right|230px]]

'''PC-E3.8.1. Endicia.com'''.
: As Type PC-E3.3A but with different endicia logo.
: ID# with 071S prefix seen.
: Circular logo and '''endicia''' read down.
'''NOTE''': The extremely narrow stamp impression shown appears to be a printer/feeder error rather than a software variation.
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
[[File: USA meter stamp PC-E3.3D.jpg|right|365px]]
'''PC-E3.8.2. Endicia.com'''.
: As Type PC-E3.3C but with rate statement instead of value figures.
: ID# with 071V prefix seen.
: Circular logo and '''endicia''' read down.
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
'''PC-E3.9. Endicia''' [[File:PC-E3.9 260623.png|right|410px]]
: As Type PC-E3.3A but with &quot;'''IMI'''&quot; on the rate class line
: ID# with '''063S''' prefix seen.
: '''endicia''' reads down.

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

'''PC-E4.1. Endicia.com''', 2024. [[File:PC-E4.1 250402B.png|right|410px]]

: Box B1 with block letter indicating postal class, &quot;G&quot; a New Helvetica Block font
: Box B2 with &quot;US POSTAGE &amp; FEES PAID&quot; in top line on left. With 3 lines below indicating rate class.
: 3 lines at top right, ID at top, customer ID below, source zip code at base.
: PDF 417(8) barcode with &quot;endicia&quot; (new logo) at right but without old round logo.

:::::&lt;span style=&quot;color: GREEN;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Known with the following &quot;'''Directive'''&quot; types [BOX C]:  &quot;USPS GROUND ADVANTAGE&quot; ['''XXIX''']   &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;

: &lt;u&gt;''' [[/Mail class and other descriptive types/|Click here for Mail Class type description]]''' (Directives/ Directionals)&lt;/u&gt;

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

'''PC-E5.1. Endicia.com''', 2024. [[File:PC-E5.1 250402B.png|right|410px]]

: Box B1 with block letter indicating postal class, &quot;G&quot; a New Helvetica Block font
: Box B2 with &quot;US POSTAGE &amp; FEES PAID IMI&quot; in top line on left. With 3 lines below indicating rate class.
: 2 lines at top right, ID at top, source zip code at base.
: PDF 417(8) barcode with &quot;endicia&quot; (new logo) at right but without old round logo.

:::::&lt;span style=&quot;color: GREEN;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Known with the following &quot;'''Directive'''&quot; types [BOX C]: &quot;USPS GROUND ADVANTAGE TM&quot; ['''VI'''],  &quot;USPS PRIORITY MAIL ®&quot; [ “large ‘R-circle’”] ['''XVIII''']  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;

: &lt;u&gt;''' [[/Mail class and other descriptive types/|Click here for Mail Class type description]]''' (Directives/ Directionals)&lt;/u&gt;

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

----

===={{font|size=4|color=#2a3439|Sub-group PC-F: Franks generated by EasyPost software, with &quot;easypost&quot; in the frank}}====

{{font/top|size=3|color=#0018A8}}
* EasyPost is a software company that provides companies with integrated shipping options through USPS and several private carriers.
* The company was founded in 2012 although the first stamp came to our attention in 2016.
{{font/end}}

----
&lt;br&gt;
[[File: USA stamp type PC-G1.jpg|right|500px]]

'''PC-F1.1. &quot;EasyPost&quot; ''' (digital/thermal), 2016 but possibly as early as 2012.
: The stamps we have seen appear on large address labels.
: The stamp contains a PDF417 barcode which sits under &quot;US POSTAGE AND FEES PAID&quot; and '''{{font|size=5|easypost}}''' at the right of the stamp.
: Left of the barcode are the date, ZIP code, &quot;CID&quot; (''number'') or &quot;C&quot; (number), and '''COMBASE''' or '''ComBasPrice''' (with no value figures).
: Along the bottom are the weight and identification number with &quot;0901&quot; prefix.
:: '''A'''. The stamp is in a frame with large mail class indicator at left (Box B1) and the class of mail spelled out below (Box C)
:: '''B'''. The stamp appears by itself with no framing or large mail class indicator


&lt;br&gt;
[[File: PC-F1.2.png|right|475px]]

'''PC-F1.2. &quot;EasyPost&quot; ''' (digital/thermal), 2025 

: As type &quot;'''PC-F1.1'''&quot; With heavier and slightly different typeface and spacing.

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


[[File:USA meter stamp PC-F1p2.jpg|right|480px]]

'''PC-F2.1. &quot;easypost&quot; ''' (digital/thermal).
: Similar to Type PC-F1 but inscribed &quot;US POSTAGE PAID&quot; rather than &quot;US POSTAGE AND FEES PAID&quot;
: The text, including '''{{font|size=4|easypost}}''', is in a lighter and wider font than found on PC-F1.
: Also, without &quot;CID&quot; and number and with small '''ComBasPrice''' instead of '''COMBASE'''.
: And finally, the zeros are slashed.


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


[[File: PC-F2.2 260621mh.jpg|right|480px]]

'''PC-F2.2. &quot;easypost&quot; ''' (digital/thermal).
: Similar to Type PC-F2.1 but inscribed &quot;US POSTAGE PAID IMI&quot; rather than &quot;US POSTAGE PAID&quot;
: The text/ font is similar to that found on PC-F1.

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


[[File:USA meter stamp PC-F1.3.jpg|right|540px]]

'''PC-F3.1. &quot;EasyPost&quot; ''' (digital/thermal), 2021.

: As Type PC-F1 but the {{font|size=4|'''easypost.'''}} logo now has a period after it. The web address &quot;{{size=2|'''easypost.com/signup'''}}&quot; was added below the logo.

: This stamp includes a postage value which is preceded by &quot;Retail&quot; on the stamp we have seen.

: V/F: {{space|4}} $0.00
: '''Note''': The origin ZIP code and customer ID have been blurred in the stamp photo.


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


[[File:Easypost PC-F1.4.png|right|500px]]

'''PC-F3.2. &quot;EasyPost&quot; ''' (digital/thermal), 2022.

::: Easypost Logo as PC-F3.1
::: The stamp is in a frame with large mail class indicator at left (Box B1) and the class of mail spelled out below (Box C)
::: No value figures


::: {{space|4}} '''Box B1''' {{space|4}} &quot;'''F'''&quot;
::: {{space|10}}  {{space|4}} &quot;USPS FIRST-CLASS PACKAGE&quot;
::: {{space|20}} 0901000004578 {{space|4}}C4000013 {{space|4}}83713 {{space|4}}2022-09-02{{space|4}}BOISE, ID
::: {{space|4}} '''Box B1''' {{space|4}}&quot;'''P'''&quot;
::: {{space|10}}  {{space|4}} &quot;USPS PRIORITY MAIL&quot;
::: {{space|20}} 0901000004698 {{space|4}} {{space|4}}28405 {{space|4}}{{space|4}}WILMINGTON, NC


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

[[File:PC-F4.png|right|500px]]

'''PC-F4.1. &quot;EasyPost&quot; ''' (digital/thermal), 2022.

::: Easypost Logo different
::: The stamp is in a frame with large mail class indicator at left (Box B1) and the class of mail spelled out below (Box C)
::: No value figures


::: {{space|4}} '''Box B1''' {{space|4}}&quot;'''P'''&quot;
::: {{space|10}}  {{space|4}} &quot;USPS PRIORITY MAIL&quot;
::: {{space|20}} 0901000005499 {{space|4}}C4017644 {{space|4}}83709 {{space|4}}2022-11-18{{space|4}}BOISE, ID


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

[[File:PC-F5.png|right|500px]]

'''PC-F4.2. &quot;EasyPost&quot; ''' (digital/thermal), 2022.

::: Easypost Logo same as &quot;'''PC-F4.1'''&quot;


:: '''a'''. With FIM barcode to the left

[[File:PC-F4.2a.png|right|650px]]


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


[[File:PC-F4.4.jpg|right|500px]]

'''PC-F4.4. &quot;EasyPost&quot; ''' (digital/thermal), 2023.

::: Easypost Logo same as &quot;'''PC-F4.1'''&quot; without the web address.

: &lt;u&gt;''' [[/Mail class and other descriptive types/|Click here for Mail Class type description]]'''&lt;/u&gt;


{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Label Type
! Box B1 Type
! Box C Type
! &lt;u&gt;Meter no's&lt;/u&gt;
! Stack B2.2 line 2 type
! Date
! Zip
! Customer ID
! Note
|-
| FS5 wide
| '''G'''
| '''VI'''
| 0901000001316
| Commercial
| 2024-11-11
| 43228
| C4018567
| 012.0 ZONE 2
|-
| FS5
| '''G'''
| '''VI'''
| 0901000008901
| Commercial
| 2023-12-01
| 60607
| C4650528
| 0.10 CUBIC ZONE 3
|-
| FS5
| '''G'''
| '''VI'''
| 0901000010389
| Commercial
| 2023-12-28
| 63376
| C5299422
| 5.0 OZ ZONE 4
|-
| FS5
| '''P'''
| '''XXXI'''
| 0901000014322
| Commercial
| 2024-06-27
| 63376
| C5299422
| 0.20 CUBIC ZONE 4
|}

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
'''PC-F4.5. &quot;EasyPost&quot; ''' (digital/thermal), 2025.

::: Easypost Logo same as &quot;'''PC-F4.4'''&quot; without the web address.


:: '''a'''. With FIM barcode to the left

[[File:PC-F4.5 250415.png|right|500px]]


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
'''PC-F4.6. &quot;EasyPost&quot; ''' (digital/thermal), 2026.

::: Easypost Logo same as &quot;'''PC-F4.4'''&quot; without the web address.
::: &quot;'''US POSTAGE PAID IMI'''&quot;


[[File:PC-F4.6 250901B.png|right|500px]]


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


[[File:PC-F55.png|right|500px]]

'''PC-F5. &quot;Chit Chats&quot; ''' (digital/thermal), 2023.

::: Similar to &quot;'''PC-F4.2'''&quot;
::: Easypost Logo replaced by &quot;'''Chit Chats'''&quot;
: V/F: {{space|4}} $0.00


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


[[File:PC-F6.png|right|500px]]

'''PC-F6. &quot;Sendle&quot; ''' (digital/thermal), 2023.

::: Similar to &quot;'''PC-F4.1'''&quot;
::: Easypost Logo replaced by &quot;'''Sendle&gt;'''&quot;


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


----

===={{font|size=4|color=#2a3439|Sub-group PC-G: Franks generated by U.S. Postal Service software, without a vendor's identification number.}}====

{{font/top|size=3|color=#0018A8}}
* These stamps are a type of Post Office stamp (Group PO) but because they are generated online at the Postal Services's web site, they are listed here..
* The stamp was first reported in 2021.
{{font/end}}


----
&lt;br&gt;
{{font/top|size=3|color=black}}

[[File: USA meter stamp PC-G1.jpg|right|400px]]

'''PC-G1.''' (digital), 2021 but possibly earlier.
: The stamp is a large tracking label similar to Type PC-C5.1 with the USPS logo and &quot;Click-N-Ship&quot;® in the top panel. The ''postage'' part of the label is immediately below and at right. It contains in its upper left corner, &quot;usps.com, the value figures, '''US POSTAGE''', and a rate statement. The date is at lower left. At top right is a tracking number. At lower center is '''Mailed from''' and the ZIP code. In the center is a larger '''U.S. POSTAGE PAID''' above a small '''Click-N-Ship'''®, all backed by a field of wavy pale blue lines.
: V/F:  $(00)0.00
[[File: USA meter stamp PC-G1 detail.jpg|left|500px]]
{{font/end}}

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


[[File: PC-G2.png|right|400px]]

'''PC-G2.1''' (digital), 2023 but possibly earlier.
: Similar to &quot;'''PC-G1'''&quot; but with a square Datamatrix barcode at the right of box &quot;'''B2'''&quot;.
: Includes numbers to right of date, perhaps customer ID
: Label type &quot;'''FS6'''&quot;
: V/F:  $(00)0.00


{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Mail Rate Class
! Type
! Date
! Mailed from Zip Code
! &quot;'''Box C'''&quot; Mail Class
|-
| P
| Flat Rate Env
| 05/08/2023 
| 63005
| XXX
|-
| G
| Insured
| 06/20/2024
| 02453
| VI
|-
| 
| 
|
|
|}


: &lt;u&gt;''' [[/Mail class and other descriptive types/|Click here for Mail Class type description]]'''&lt;/u&gt;


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


[[File: PC-G2.2.png|right|250px]]
'''PC-G2.2''' (digital), 2024 but possibly earlier.
: Similar to &quot;'''PC-G2.1'''&quot; but with security print under &quot;US POSTAGE PAID&quot; more heavily segmented
: Includes numbers to right of date, perhaps customer ID
: Label type &quot;'''FS6'''&quot;
: V/F:  $(00)0.00


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


[[File: PPS-G2.3.png|right|400px]]
'''PC-G2.3''' (digital), 2024 but possibly earlier.
: Security print in &quot;Box B2&quot; similar to &quot;'''PC-G2.1'''&quot; but 
: &quot;Box D&quot; more similar to &quot;'''PC-G2.2'''&quot;
: Includes numbers to right of date, perhaps customer ID
: Label type &quot;'''FS6'''&quot;
: V/F:  $(00)0.00

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


[[File: PC-G2.4.png|right|400px]]
'''PC-G2.4''' (digital), 2024 
: Security print in &quot;Box B2&quot; similar to &quot;'''PC-G2.1'''&quot; but 
: Box A with USPS logo to left, &quot;USPS APIs&quot; to right
: &quot;Box D&quot; only with return address and destination to the right of 2D barcode
: Includes numbers to right of date, perhaps customer ID
: Label type &quot;'''FS6'''&quot;


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


'''PC-G2.5''' (digital), 2026 [[File: PC-G2.5 260630.png|right|250px]]
: USPS Emblem at left, above &quot;'''USPS APIs'''&quot;
: Barcode at right, above date,  &quot;'''US POSTAGE'''&quot;
: Value &quot;'''$0.00'''&quot;
: Postage class at base (?)
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


{{font|size=1|color=blue|''Type '''RE4''' in 2001 edition''}}[[File: USA PC-G2.jpg|right|550px]]

'''PC-G3. Envelope Manager Software (Endicia Inc.) '''. 
: Stamp similar to PC-E2.1 with &quot;PDF417&quot; barcode but with panel at top containing USPS eagle logo at left and '''Click-N-Ship'''&amp;reg; logo at right.
: This appears to be a replacement for type PC-E2.1.
: Without identification number
: See also &quot;'''PC-E2.2'''&quot; for similar item with identification number starting with &quot;071V&quot;

: V/F: {{space|4}} $(0)0'''.'''00, 


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


----

===={{font|size=4|color=#2a3439|1=Sub-group PC-H: Franks generated by Francotyp-Postalia software, with &quot;FP&quot; logo in the frank}}====

{{font/top|size=3|color=#0018A8}}
* Francotyp-Postalia first entered the U.S. postage meter market in 2000. Only one stamp has been reported so far, and it is dated from 2019. Earlier dates are likely.
{{font/end}}

{{font|size=3|color=red|'' The status of this item has been questioned, more information or scans would be important to have, please reply to editor.''}}
----
&lt;br&gt;
{{font/top|size=3|color=black}}

[[File: USA meter stamp PC-H1.jpg|right|500px]]

'''PC-H1. &quot;Francotyp-Postalia&quot; ''' (digital/thermal), 2019 but probably earlier.
: The one stamp reported appears on alarge address label with the top (postage) section containing a PDF417 barcode.
: Above the barcode are, at left: the value figures and date, at center: the FP logo, and at right: '''US POSTAGE''', Mailed From [5-digit ZIP code], and the identification number with 032A prefix.

: '''ComBasPrice''' appears below the date on this stamp.
: The stamp is in a frame with large mail class indicator at left and the class of mail spelled out below.

: V/F:  $ (00)0.000
{{font/end}}
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
----

===={{font|size=4|color=#2a3439|1=Sub-group PC-I: Franks generated by stamps/endicia}}====
----
'''PC-I''' 2005.

:  With &quot;''''''PC-I4'''
: All group &quot;'''PC-I'''&quot; '''stamps&lt;sub&gt;endicia&lt;/sub&gt;''' logo  replacing the stamps.com logo right of &quot;PDF417(7)&quot; barcode. 
: &quot;US POSTAGE &amp; FEES PAID&quot; at top left above rate statement.
: &lt;u&gt;''' [[/Mail class and other descriptive types/|Click here for type description]]'''&lt;/u&gt;


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
'''PC-I1.'''. 2 lines at upper right, Meter number/zip code (Box B2).
::: {{space|10}} Stamp at top right of address label with large mail class indicator (of various sizes) or solid block to its left (Box B1) and the class of mail spelled out below (Box C).


'''PC-I1.1.''' Prefix &quot;'''026W'''&quot; [[File: PC-I1.1 260706.png|right|450px]]
{{font/top|size=2}}
: ’’’Known usage’’’:

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Form size
! Box B1 Type
! Box C Type
! &lt;u&gt;Meter no's&lt;/u&gt;
! 
! Line A type
! Line B type
! Line C type
! Date
! Zip
! City
! Notes
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''I'''
| 026W00048272786
| &quot;'''FREES'''&quot;
| A1
| B1
| C3
| 04/11/2022
| 07036
| LINDEN, NJ
| Box F: order info?
|-
| 
|
| 
| 
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| 
| 
| 
| 
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|}
{{font/end}}
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
::: '''PC-I1.2.''' Prefix &quot;'''062S'''&quot;  
{{font/top|size=2}}
[[File: PC-C2.4.2A.png|right|450px]]
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Form size
! Box B1 Type
! Box C Type
! &lt;u&gt;Meter no's&lt;/u&gt;
! 
! Line A type
! Line B type
! Line C type
! Date
! Zip
! City
! Notes
|-
| FS5
| '''1'''
| '''XXXIV'''
| 062S0000618312
| 
| A4
| B0
| C5
| 04/16/2019
| 92373
| INGLEWOOD CA
| Box E: Blank, no tracking #, Framed
|-
| FS5
| '''1'''
| '''XXXIV'''
| 062S0000618312
| 
| A4
| B0
| C5
| 02/25/2020
| 92373
| INGLEWOOD CA
| Box E: Blank, no tracking #, Framed
|-
| FS5
| '''1'''
| '''XXXIV'''
| 062S0000618312
| 
| A6
| 
| C5
| 01/02/2020
| 92373
| INGLEWOOD CA
| Box E: Blank, no tracking #, Framed
|-
| FS5
| '''1'''
| '''XXXIV'''
| 062S0000618312
| 
| A6
| 
| C5
| 01/30/2020
| 92373
| INGLEWOOD CA
| Box E: Blank, no tracking #, 
|-
| FS5
| '''1'''
| '''XXXIV'''
| 062S0000618312
| 
| A4
| B0
| C5
| 05/19/2020
| 92324
| INGLEWOOD CA
| Box E: Blank, no tracking #, Framed
|-
| FS5
| '''P'''
| '''V'''
| 062S0006097059
|
| A5
| B7
| C4
| 10/05/2018
| 45177
| VALENCIA CA
| Order info
|-
| FS5
| '''E'''
| '''XXXV'''
| 062S0006097059
|
| A19
| B2
| C3
| 11/25/2019
| 45177
| VALENCIA CA
| Order info
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| III
| 062S0009416802
| 
| A1
| B1
| C3
| 05/10/2022
| 14150
| Chesterfield MI
| Order info, framed
|}
{{font/end}}

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


[[File: USA meter stamp PC-C2.5C.jpg|right|890px]]
[[File: USA meter stamp PC-C2p5B.jpg|right|860px]]

'''PC-I1.3 ''' 2014.

: Similar to Type PC-C2.4 but the '''stamps&lt;sub&gt;endicia&lt;/sub&gt;''' logo is above the right end of the &quot;PDF417{8)&quot; barcode.
: Meter number with 062S prefix. 
: Manufacturer's logo is &quot;'''stamps endicia'''&quot;. 
:: '''.1'''.  With value figures: {{spaces|5}} $00'''.'''00
:: '''.2'''.  With &quot;US POSTAGE &amp; FEES PAID&quot; instead of value figures.

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
 

'''PC-I1.4''' ''2015.''
: Very similar to Type PC-C2.3B but &quot;U.S. POSTAGE&quot; is right of the value figures rather than below them.
: Meter number with 062S prefix.
: PDF417(7) barcode
: Manufacturer's logo is '''stamps&lt;sub&gt;endicia&lt;/sub&gt;''' logo[[File: PC-C2.6B.png|right|500px]]
: V/F: {{space|4}} $(0)0'''.'''00 


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


'''PC-I1.5.''' 2020.

: With barcode as with  previous PC-C2 types but with the value figures and &quot;US POSTAGE&quot; at top above the date and &quot;Mailed from ZIP&quot; and ZIP code.

: Below the bar code is the '''stamps&lt;sub&gt;endicia&lt;/sub&gt;''' logo at left and the identification number at right.
: The identification number prefix is uncertain as the stamp we have seen appears to suffer from a software glitch. (See the illustration.)
: PDF417(4) barcode
: V/F: {{space|4}} $0'''.'''00

:: '''1'''. Manufacturer's logo is '''stamps endicia'''  large 
:: '''2'''. Manufacturer's logo is '''stamps endicia'''  small 
[[File: USA meter stamp PC-C2.8.jpg|left|400px]]
[[File: PC-C2.8B.png|right|400px]]
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


'''PC-I1.6.''' 2021.
: Similar to PC-C2.8 but with a rate statement rather than value figures.
: Above the &quot;PDF417(7)&quot; bar code:
:- US POSTAGE AND FEES PAID
:- date, Mailed from ZIP [code]
:- weight and rate statement(s)
: Below the bar code: '''stamps&lt;sub&gt;endicia&lt;/sub&gt;''' logo at left and the identification number with 062S prefix at right

:: '''1'''. Large '''stamps&lt;sub&gt;endicia&lt;/sub&gt;''' logo, 062S with 7 digits
:: '''2'''. Small '''stamps&lt;sub&gt;endicia&lt;/sub&gt;''' logo, 062S with 10 digits, FS5 label 

[[File: USA meter stamp PC-C2.9.jpg|left|400px]]
[[File: PC-C2.9B.png|right|400px]]


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


'''PC-I1.7.''' 2025. [[File: PC-C8 250601.png|right|360px]]

: Similar to types &quot;'''PC-C2.1, PC-C2.2'''&quot;
: Corporate logo as '''stamps&lt;sub&gt;endicia&lt;/sub&gt;''' logo
: Town line with town, state and ZIP code or with '''MAILED FROM''' and ZIP code.
: Identification number with 062S prefix below right of 2D &quot;PDF417(3)&quot; barcode.
: With &quot;'''FIM'''&quot; barcode at upper left
: V/F: {{space|4}} $0'''.'''00


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


{{font/top|size=2|color=black}}
'''PC-I2.1'''. 3 lines at upper right, Meter number / customer ID number / zip code ('''Box B2'''). '''Box F''' blank or with Proprietary info.
:::{{space|10}}Stamp at top right of address label with large mail class indicator (of various sizes) or solid block to its left (Box B1) and the class of mail spelled out below (Box C).
::: {{space|10}} PDF417(7) across bottom
[[File:USA meter stamp PC-C2p4ccc.jpg|right|450px]]
: &lt;u&gt;''' [[/Mail class and other descriptive types/|Click here for type description]]'''&lt;/u&gt;

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Form size
! Box B1 Type
! Box C Type
! &lt;u&gt;Meter no's&lt;/u&gt;
! Customer ID
! Line A type
! Line B type
! Line C type
! Date
! Zip
! City
! Notes
|-

| FS5?
| BLACK
| '''VIII'''
| 062S0001435225
| 11675116
| A7
| B1
| 
| 02/24/2023
| 91311 
| CHATSWORTH, CA
| BOX F: order info
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''III'''
| 062S00014423--
| 8014--
| A1
| B1
| C3
| 12/12/2022
| 84032
| HEBER CITY, UT
| Box F= order info
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''III'''
| 062S0001442380
| 9726250
| A1
| B1
| C3
| 12/15/2022
| 28674
| PINEHURST, NC
| Box F= order info
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''III'''
| 062S0001442584
| 7557381
| A1
| B1
| C3
| 12/21/2022
| 37211
| NASHVILLE, TN
| 
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''III'''
| 062S0001442597
| 7395525
| A1
| B1
| C3
| 01/10/2023
| 90058
| VERNON, CA
| Box F= order info
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''III'''
| 062S0001442618
| 7395525
| A1
| B1
| C3
| 01/10/2023
| 92618
| IRVINE, CA
| Box F= order info
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''III'''
| 062S0001442648
| 7535523
| A1
| B1
| C3
| 12/15/2022
| 54115
| DE PERE, WI
| Box F= order info
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''III'''
| 062S0001442652
| 7535523
| A1
| B1
| C3
| 12/16/2022
| 54115
| DE PERE, WI
| Box F= order info
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''III'''
| 062S0001442674
| 7460441
| A1
| B1
| C3
| 12/21/2022
| 63367
| LAKE SAINT LOUIS, MO
| Box F= order info
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''III'''
| 062S0001442685
| 9619750
| A1
| B1
| C3
| 01/11/2023
| 94931
| COTATI, CA
| Box F= order info
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''III'''
| 062S000144269-
| 7395525
| A1
| B1
| C3
| 01/11/2023
| 90058
| VERNON, CA
| Box F= order info
|-
| FS5?
| '''P'''
| '''V'''
| 062S0001443299
| 6080690
| A5
| B5
| C4
| 11/17/2022
| 32174
| ORMOND BEACH, FL
| 
|-
| FS5?
| '''F'''
| '''III'''
| 062S0001484855
| 17633955 
| A1
| B1
| C3
| 03/08/2023  
| 68048
| PLATTSMOUTH, (NE)
| PC malfunction? Missing Box B2 barcode and insignia
|-
| FS5?
| '''F'''
| '''I'''
| 062S0009145384
| 8290678 
| A1
| B3
| C1
| 02/05/2018
| 98338  
| GRAHAM, WA
|
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''III'''
| 062S0008589402
| 7557381
| A1
| B1
| C3
| 09/19/2022  
| 37211
| NASHVILLE, TN
| 
|-
| FS5?
| '''F'''
| '''III'''
| 062S0009146178
| 8239329
| A1
| B1
| C3
| 09/21/2022  
| 60543
| OSWEGO, IL
| Box F order info
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''III'''
| 062S0009418949
| 7523319
| A1
| B2
| C3
| 09/22/2020  
| 30518
| Buford, GA
| Box F order info
|-
| FS5?
| '''F'''
| '''I'''
| 062S0009564660
| 7778491
| A1
| B3
| C3
| 10/22/2018
| 91304
| CANOGA PARK, CA
| BOX F with Business Info
|-
| FS5
| '''P'''
| '''V'''
| 062S0009564879
| 7733098
| A20
| B6
| C3
| 10/17/2022
| 33619
| TAMPA, FL
|
|-
| FS5?
| '''1'''
| '''I'''
| 062S0009565018
| 10860336
| A4
| B0
| C5
| 04/06/2020 
| 33458 
| JUPITER, FL
|
|-
| FS5
| '''P'''
| '''V'''
| 062S0010887747
| 8128979
| A3
| B1
| C4
| 06/13/2022
| 33167
| MIAMI, FL
| BOX F with Prop Info
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''II'''
| 062S0010937521
| 10709064
| A1
| B1
| C3
| 02/08/2021
| 92648
| HUNTINGTON BEACH, CA
| BOX F with Order Info
|-
| FS5
| '''X'''
| '''II'''
| 062S0010984631
| 10354575
| A8
| B2
| C3
| 04/27/2020
| 11791
| SYOSSET, FL (ERROR FOR NY)
| BOX F ORDER Info
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''III'''
| 062S0011128915
| 8051382
| A2
| B1
| C3
| 10/19/2020
| 53715
| MADISON, WI
| 
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''III'''
| 062S0011129014
| 8051382
| A2
| B1
| C3
| 09/30/2020
| 53715
| MADISON, WI
| 
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''XXXIV'''
| 062S0011268712
| 6822160
| A1
| B2
| C3
| 04/24/2020
| 99224
| Spokane, WA
| 
|-
| FS5?
| '''P'''
| '''IV'''
| 062S0011682632 
| 10232544
| A3
| B1
| C4
| 02/08/2021
| 31558
| SAINT MARYS, GA
| 
|-
| FS4?
| '''P'''
| '''IV'''
| 062S0011682632 
| 10232544
| A3
| B1
| C4
| 09/29/2022
| 31558
| SAINT MARYS, GA
| 
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''XXXIV'''
| 062S0011692018
| 9897390
| A1
| B1
| C3
| 01/30/2020
| 55358
| Maple Lake, MN
| order info in Box F
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''III'''
| 062S0011692109
| 9897299
| A1
| B1
| C3
| 09/19/2022
| 30101
| ACWORTH, GA
| BOX F with Order Info
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''III'''
| 062S0012584392
| 5455555
| A1
| B1
| C3
| 10/27/2020
| 33458
| JUPITER, FL
| 
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''III'''
| 062S0012584433
| 16035441
| A1
| B1
| C3
| 09/19/2022
| 84096
| HERRIMAN, UT
| BOX F with Order Info
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''III'''
| 062S0012584494  
| 6916215
| A1
| B1
| C3
| 09/21/2022
| 85298
| GILBERT, AZ
| 
|-
| FS5
| '''P'''
| '''V'''
| 062S0012584517
| 17771454
| A5
| B5
| C4
| 08/22/2022
| 32401
| PANAMA CITY, FL
| 
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''III'''
| 062S0012584551 
| 7778491
| A1
| B1
| C3
| 06/12/2020
| 91311 
| CHATSWORTH, CA
| BOX F with Order Info
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''III'''
| 062S0012584560
| 17663543 
| A1
| B1
| C3
| 09/21/2022 
| 27525 
| FUQUAY VARINA, NC
| Please Do Not Bend
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''III'''
| 062S0012584561
| 8072505
| A1
| B1
| C3
| 06/28/2022 
| 06475 
| OLD SAYBROOK, CT
| BOX F with Order Info
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''III'''
| 062S0013352599
| 10538570
| A1
| B1
| C4
| 09/21/2022 
| 45249
| CINCINNATI, OH
| BOX F with Order Info
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''III'''
| 062S0013352605
| 8072505 
| A1
| B2
| C3
| 06/28/2022 
| 06475
| OLD SAYBROOK, CT
| BOX F with Order Info
|-
| FS5
| BLACK FILL
| '''VIII'''
| 062S0014949809
| 7542988
| A7
| B1
| 
| 03/25/2024
| 80116
| FRANKTOWN, CO
|
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''III'''
| 062S0014950040
| 10137355
| A1
| B1
| C3
| 11/16/2022  
| 38474
| MOUNT PLEASANT, TN
| BOX F with Order Info

|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''III'''
| 062S0014950074
| 8014787
| A1
| B1
| C3
| 12/15/2022  
| 84032
| HEBER CITY, UT
| Box F:Thank You For Your Order
|-
| FS5
| '''P'''
| '''V'''
| 062S0014950080
| 8014787
| A5
| B4
| C4
| 12/12/2022  
| 84032
| HEBER CITY, UT
| BOX F &quot;Thank you for your order!&quot;
|-
| FS5
| '''P'''
| '''V'''
| 062S0014950085
| 9765391
| A5
| B5
| C4
| 11/11/2022
| 84606
| SPRINGVILLE, UT
| BOX F with order Info
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''III'''
| 062S0014950089
| 9716903
| A1
| B1
| C3
| 11/02/2022  
| 83442
| AMMON, ID
| BOX F with Order Info
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''III'''
| 062S0014950092
| 9728837
| A1
| B1
| C3
| 11/10/2022  
| 84026
| FORT DUCHESNE, UT
| BOX F with Order Info
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''III'''
| 062S0014950241 
| 8570771
| A1
| B1
| C3
| 11/19/2022
| 84062
| PLEASANT GROVE, UT
| 
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''III'''
| 062S0014950278 
| 17957223
| A1
| B1
| C3
| 01/03/2023
| 78245
| SAN ANTONIO, TX
| 
|-
| FS5?
| '''G'''
| '''VI'''
| 062S0014950365
| 580628?
| A6
| B2
| C3
| 09/13/2023
| 75041
| 
| 
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''III'''
| 062S0014950507 
| 6080690
| A2
| B1
| C3
| 11/17/2022
| 32174
| ORMOND BEACH, FL
| 
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''III'''
| 062S0014950544 
| 10875452
| A2
| B1
| C3
| 03/14/2023
| 19317
| CHADDS FORD, PA
| 
|}
{{font/end}}


{{font/top|size=2|color=black}}
:: '''PC-I2.2'''. ''2023''
::: {{space|10}} 3 lines at upper right, Meter number / customer ID number / zip code ('''Box B2'''). 
::: {{space|10}} Stamp at top right of address label with large mail class indicator (of various sizes) or solid block to its left (Box B1) and the class of mail spelled out below (Box C).
::: {{space|10}} Large mail class indicator font is &quot;'''Arial Nova Bold'''&quot;
::: {{space|10}} PDF417(8) across bottom
: &lt;u&gt;''' [[/Mail class and other descriptive types/|Click here for type description]]'''&lt;/u&gt;
[[File: PC-C2.4.2C.0 250331.png|right|450px]]


{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Form size
! Box B1 Type
! Box C Type
! &lt;u&gt;Meter no's&lt;/u&gt;
! Customer ID
! Line A type
! Line B type
! Line C type
! Date
! Zip
! City
! Notes
|-
| FS5
| '''P'''
| '''VI'''
| 062S0001442545
| 7537397
| A3
| B1
| C7
| 01/22/2024
| 48212
| HAMTRAMCK, MI
| Box F: Order info.

|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''III'''
| 062S0001443325
| 11683909
| A2
| B2
| C3
| 06/28/2023
| 46323
| HAMMOND, IN
|

|-
| FS5
| '''G'''
| '''VI'''
| 062S0014950062
| 9717116
| A9
| B2
| C3
| 03/16/2024
| 98467
| UNIVERSITY PL, WA
| Box F: Order Info
|-
| FS5
| '''G'''
| '''VI'''
| 062S0014950187
| 4998344
| A9
| B2
| C3
| 02/27/2024
| 91761
| ONTARIO, CA
| Box F: Order Info
|-
| FS5
| '''G'''
| '''VI'''
| 062S0014950544
| 19750766
| A9
| B2
| C7
| 08/22/2024
| 93105
| SANTA BARBARA, CA
| Green band at top and a portion of left
|-
| FS5?
| '''G'''
| '''VI'''
| 062S0014950560
| 17195820
| A9
| B2
| C3
| 10/12/2023
| 85013
| PHOENIX, AZ
|
|-
| FS5
| '''G'''
| '''VI'''
| ?
| 6636835
| A14
| B6
| C7
| 05/01/2024
| 43228
| COLUMBUS, OH
| Box F: Order Info
|}

{{font/end}}

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

{{font/top|size=2|color=black}}
:: '''PC-I2.3'''. ''2024''[[File: PC-C2.4.2C.png|right|450px]]
::: {{space|10}} 3 lines at upper right, Meter number / customer ID number / zip code ('''Box B2'''). 
::: {{space|10}} Stamp at top right of address label with large mail class indicator (of various sizes) or solid block to its left (Box B1) and the class of mail spelled out below (Box C).
::: {{space|10}} Large mail class indicator font is &quot;'''New Helvetica Bold'''&quot;
::: {{space|10}} PDF417(8) across bottom
: &lt;u&gt;''' [[/Mail class and other descriptive types/|Click here for type description]]'''&lt;/u&gt;


{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Form size
! Box B1 Type
! Box C Type
! &lt;u&gt;Meter no's&lt;/u&gt;
! Customer ID
! Line A type
! Line B type
! Line C type
! Date
! Zip
! City
! Notes
|-
| FS5
| '''G'''
| '''VI'''
| 062S0001443239
| 6928035
| A9
| B2
| C3
| 01/22/2024
| 91733
| EL MONTE, CA
| Box F: Order info.
|}

{{font/end}}


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
'''PC-I3'''
: All group &quot;'''PC-I'''&quot; with &quot;'''IBI-Lite'''&quot;  barcode 

[[File: USA meter stamp PC-C3.2C label.jpeg|right|380px]]
'''PC-I3.1.'''. '''stamps&lt;sub&gt;endicia&lt;/sub&gt;''' logo, identification number with '''062S''' prefix.

:: '''1'''. Identification number omitted (possible printer misalignment)
:: '''2'''. Numeric month in date, as: {{space|4}} 00/00/2018
:: '''3'''. With &quot;FIM&quot; barcode to left

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


[[File:USA meter stamp PC-C3.4 actual.jpg|right|370px]]

'''PC-I3.2.''' 2021.
: As Type PC-C3.3 but with '''stamps&lt;sub&gt;endicia&lt;/sub&gt;''' logo at right.
: Identification number with 062S prefix. 
: V/F: {{space|4}} $0'''.'''00&lt;u&gt;o&lt;/u&gt;
'''NOTE''': Seen on plain white self-adhesive labels with rounded corners.

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


'''PC-I4'''
: All group &quot;'''PC-I'''&quot; with DataMatrix 2-D barcode 


'''PC-I4.1.''' 2020. [[File:USA meter stamp PC-C4.3.jpg|right|390px]]

: '''stamps&lt;sub&gt;endicia&lt;/sub&gt;''' logo reads down at right of the 2D barcode, and the ID number is below the barcode.
: Meter Identification number with 062S prefix.
: Value figures and &quot;US POSTAGE&quot;, mail class, date, &quot;Mailed from ZIP&quot; and code. V/F: {{space|4}} $0'''.'''00
: &lt;u&gt;''' [[/Mail class and other descriptive types/|Click here for type description]]'''&lt;/u&gt;


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

[[File: USA meter stamp PC-C4.1E.jpg|right|800px]]


'''PC-I4.2.'''. As '''PC-C4.1.1.''', with new company  logo, '''stamps&lt;sub&gt;endicia&lt;/sub&gt;''' logo


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
[[File: PC-I4.3 260709.png|right|400px]]

'''PC-I4.3 ''' 2023. 

: DataMatrix 2-D barcode at right
: '''stamps&lt;sub&gt;endicia&lt;/sub&gt;''' logo is to the right of the &quot;DataMatrix(4)&quot; barcode.
: &quot;FIM&quot; barcode at top left
: Meter number with 062S prefix. 

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


'''PC-I4.4.'''. As '''PC-C5.2.''', with  '''stamps&lt;sub&gt;endicia&lt;/sub&gt;''' logo [[File: PC-C5.3.png|right|540px]]

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


'''PC-I4.4.3.'''. As'''PC-I4.4.1.''', Without value figures. &quot;US POSTAGE &amp; FEES PAID&quot; at top

: '''stamps&lt;sub&gt;endicia&lt;/sub&gt;''' logo reads down at right of the 2D barcode, and the ID number is below the barcode.
: Meter Identification number with 062S or 071S prefix.
: Small Mail Class letter, shorter than the barcode.[[File:PC-C4.3B2.png|right|450px]]
: Prefix &quot;'''071'''&quot;


{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Form size
! Box B1 Type
! Box C Type
! &lt;u&gt;Meter no's&lt;/u&gt;
! Customer ID
! Line A type
! Line B type
! Line C type
! Date
! Zip
! City
! Notes
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''XI'''
| 071S00894672
| 
| A10
| 
| C6
| Apr 15 2022
| 90021
| (RIALTO CA)
|
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''XI'''
| 071S00894672
| 
| A10
| 
| C6
| Feb 09 2023
| 90021
| (NEWARK NJ)
|
|}

{{font/end}}
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


'''PC-I4.4.4.'''. As'''PC-I4.4.3.''', Without value figures. &quot;US POSTAGE &amp; FEES PAID&quot; at top

: '''stamps&lt;sub&gt;endicia&lt;/sub&gt;''' logo reads down at right of the 2D barcode, and the ID number is below the barcode.
: Meter Identification number with 062S or 071S prefix.
: Large Mail Class letter, taller than the barcode.[[File:USA meter stamp PC-C4.3B.jpg|right|450px]]
: Prefix &quot;'''071S'''&quot;


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


'''PC-I4.5.1.''' 2020. [[File:USA meter stamp PC-C4.3.jpg|right|390px]]

: '''stamps&lt;sub&gt;endicia&lt;/sub&gt;''' logo reads down at right of the 2D barcode, and the ID number is below the barcode.
: Meter Identification number with 062S prefix.
: Value figures and &quot;US POSTAGE&quot;, mail class, date, &quot;Mailed from ZIP&quot; and code. V/F: {{space|4}} $0'''.'''00
: &lt;u&gt;''' [[/Mail class and other descriptive types/|Click here for type description]]'''&lt;/u&gt;


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


{{font/top|size=2|color=black}}
'''PC-I4.5.2.'''. As'''PC-I4.4.1.''', Without value figures. &quot;US POSTAGE &amp; FEES PAID&quot; at top

: '''stamps&lt;sub&gt;endicia&lt;/sub&gt;''' logo reads down at right of the 2D barcode, and the ID number is below the barcode.
: Meter Identification number with 062S or 071S prefix.
: Small Mail Class letter, shorter than the barcode.[[File:PC-C4.3B2.png|right|450px]]
: Prefix &quot;'''062S'''&quot;

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Form size
! Box B1 Type
! Box C Type
! &lt;u&gt;Meter no's&lt;/u&gt;
! Customer ID
! Line A type
! Line B type
! Line C type
! Date
! Zip
! City
! Notes
|-
| FS4
| '''G'''
| '''XXIX'''
| 062S0001442198
| 11613058
| A14
| B2
| C7
| Jul 05 2024
| 54914
| APPLETON, WI
| 
|-
| FS4
| '''G'''
| '''XXIX'''
| 062S0001442222
| 11613058
| A14
| B2
| C7
| Jun 07 2024
| 54914
| APPLETON, WI
| 
|-
| FS4
| BLACK
| '''VIII'''
| 062S0009761530
| 13928181
| A7
| B1
| 
| Feb 02 2023
| 48375
| NOVI, MI
| 
|-
| FS4
| '''F'''
| '''X'''
| 062S0010968105
| 12429570
| A10
|
| C6
| Sep 20 2022
| 32207
| JACKSONVILLE, FL
|
|-
| FS4
| '''F'''
| '''XI'''
| 062S0012584411
| 17222940
| A10
| 
| C6
| Aug 22 2022
| 33634
| TAMPA FL
|
|-
| FS4
| '''F'''
| '''XI'''
| 062S0013352605
| 17222940
| A10
|
| C6
| Aug 22 2022
| 33634
| TAMPA FL
|
|-
| FS4
| '''F'''
| '''XI'''
| 062S0014950307
| 17222940
| A1
| B2
| C6
| Nov 10 2022
| 33634
| TAMPA FL
|
|-
| FS4
| '''G'''
| '''XXIX'''
| 062S0014949919
| 11613058
| A14
| B2
| C7
| Sep 04 2024
| 54914
| APPLETON, WI
| 
|-
| FS4
| '''F'''
| '''XI'''
| 062S0014950343
| 11746372
| A1
| B2
| C6
| Mar 06 2023
| 11716
| BOHEMIA NY
|
|}

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

===={{font|size=4|color=#2a3439|Franks with &quot;E-postage&quot; or variant in the frank}}====
----

&lt;br&gt;

{{font/top|size=3}}
* Shipping labels with '''E-Postage''', '''ePostage''', '''ePOSTAGE''' and other variants in the frank were first reported in 2011. They are used by online commerce companies with business volumes large enough to justify special arrangements with shippers such as USPS, FedX, and UPS. 

* E-Postage is a program developed by USPS to accommodate the growth of ecommerce. Online merchants such as Amazon and Etsy use ePostage. In 2016 new company Shippo began operation as a shipping aggregator offering ePostage to any business.

* The stamps appear to be more like &quot;post paid&quot; permit stamps rather than metered mail but are shown here until we determine their exact nature.
[[File: USA stamp type PC-F2.jpg|right|500px]]
[[File: USA stamp type PC-F14.jpg|right|500px]]
[[File: USA stamp type PC-F1bb.jpeg|right|300px]]

* The stamps are found only on address labels with the top section having an enclosed mail-service letter at left and a frank box at right above a panel containing the mail class.
: The central section contains the return address, date, and addressee.
: The stamps show no value figures or identification number.
: The labels do include a tracking bar code and number.
: So far they have been found in two general formats:
:: '''-''' With single-line border surrounding the complete design, printed on label 135 mm tall
:: '''-''' With no outer border, printed on smaller label, 115 mm tall

* Known variations:
:: '''-''' Mail class appears in the frank box
:: '''-''' Incomplete box around mail-service letter at upper left
:: '''-''' Mailer's name repeated at top outside the frank box
:: '''-''' &quot;ComBasPrice&quot; appearing left of the frank box

'''NOTES''':
* Merchants have some control over the appearance of the stamp. The e-Postage designation is found in different fonts. The frank box is found in a variety of sizes with contents left justified or centered.
* When inaugurated in September 2011 only certain mail services were available through e-Postage system: Express Mail, Priority Mail, First-Class Mail parcels, Package Services (except Library Mail), and Parcel Select bar-coded non-presort.
* What is common to all e-Postage stamps is that the frank box contains e-Postage (or variant), U.S. POSTAGE PAID (or variant), and the mailer's identification.
{{font/end}}


----{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>lanuoaaaqt4baarlsedlbr3oobtyi76</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...Nc6/2. Nf3/2...f5</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>407677</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4653445</id>
      <parentid>4556614</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-10T01:05:30Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-39179-78</username>
        <id>3613167</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* 2...f5?! · Colorado countergambit */</comment>
      <origin>4653445</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1395" sha1="0tuh7y3lcm7aj77o005e2uwzs21rrwj" xml:space="preserve">{{Chess Opening Theory/Position|=
|Colorado countergambit
|eco=[[Chess/ECOB|B00]]
|parent=[[../|Nimzowitsch declined]]
}}
== 2...f5?! · Colorado countergambit ==

Black strikes at White's centre with a flank pawn. At the cost of weakening their king, they hope to deflect White's e-pawn from control of d5, so that Black may play ...d5 themselves. This gambit is considered dubious, for even though Black can usually recover the material and has two centre pawns for White's one, their kingside is too weak. 

[[/3. exf5|'''3. exf5''']], '''accepting the gambit''', is the main move, after 3...d5 White is best advised to allow Black to recover the material, 4. d4 Bxf5.

Trying to hold onto it is unattractive: 4. Bd3!? blocks in the d-pawn (and after 4...Nh6 5. Nh4? e5 concedes the whole centre) though the sly 4. Nh4?! deserves special mention. After the natural move 4...e5? Qh5+! and Black must move their king, otherwise 5...g6?? 6. fxg6 Nf6 7. g7+ Nxh5 8. gxh8=Q. 

=== History ===

Schiller gives 2...f5?! the names Lean variation or Colorado counter, describing it as &quot;fierce&quot; and for &quot;thrill-seekers&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |title=Unorthodox Chess Openings |last=Schiller |first=Eric |publisher=Cardoza Publishing |year=1998 |pages=313}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Theory table ==
{{ChessMid}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}
=== See also ===
{{wikipedia|Nimzowitsch Defence}}
{{Chess Opening Theory/Footer}}</text>
      <sha1>0tuh7y3lcm7aj77o005e2uwzs21rrwj</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Chess Opening Theory/1. d4/1...Nf6/2. c4/2...g6/3. Nc3/3...Bg7/4. e4/4...d6/5. Nf3/5...O-O/6. Be2</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>424734</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4653435</id>
      <parentid>4636798</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-09T22:23:31Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AzharThe17</username>
        <id>3613141</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Changes for the notations as it was a bit wrong.</comment>
      <origin>4653435</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="836" sha1="jj9irpsyhdq1owyqkyxqyvhd68384ny" xml:space="preserve">{{Chess Opening Theory/Position|=
|King's Indian Defence|
   |rd|nd|bd|qd|  |rd|kd|  |=
   |pd|pd|pd|  |pd|pd|bd|pd|=
   |  |  |  |pd|  |nd|pd|  |=
   |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |=
   |  |  |pl|pl|pl|  |  |  |=
   |  |  |nl|  |  |nl|  |  |=
   |pl|pl|  |  |bl|pl|pl|pl|=
   |rl|  |bl|ql|kl|  |  |rl|=
}}
The main line of the King's Indian Defense. The main line continues [[Chess Opening Theory/1. d4/1...Nf6/2. c4/2...g6/3. Nc3/3...Bg7/4. e4/4...d6/5. Nf3/5...O-O/6. Be2/6...e5|6...e5]], attacking the center. White usually castles kingside, and the main line continues 7...Nc6 8. d5 Ne7. White has a space advantage in the center and will try to attack on the queenside and prepare a pawn break, c5. Black will attack on the kingside, by advancing his pawns to f5 and g4.

{{Wikipedia|King's Indian Defense}}
{{ChessMid}}
{{ChessFooter}}</text>
      <sha1>jj9irpsyhdq1owyqkyxqyvhd68384ny</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Maxima/Operators</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>438289</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4653395</id>
      <parentid>4640806</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-09T12:30:16Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Idavidmiller</username>
        <id>3577687</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Work in progress. Saving Changes.</comment>
      <origin>4653395</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="6633" sha1="iy4fib2681loi3ugt50ekf0g0unrjal" xml:space="preserve">== Maxima Operators ==
&lt;blockquote&gt;''&quot;Standards are great! That's why there are so many of them, and they change so often.&quot;''

''&quot;What once was forbidden is now required.&quot;''
– Unknown&lt;/blockquote&gt;

=== Mathematical Notation and Operators ===
Mathematical notation was conceived of by different contributors and adopted over a period of time until the present . Standards are important. They help ensure that efforts are consistent and predictable. But if there are standards for notation, then these tend to be ''de facto'' in the absence of some imposed or adopted contextual guidance. Notation is important as this is the means by which mathematical expressions are composed. 

Much of what is now considered &quot;standard&quot; notation was in use before the advent of computers and programming software.


.++.

'''There is no single, universally enforced standard that dictates mathematical notation across all branches of math'''. Instead, notation is decentralized, evolving organically and varying by '''discipline''', '''publisher''', and '''subfield'''. [1, 2, 3]

However, there are widely accepted conventions and formal frameworks that serve as references:

1. The ISO Standard

The closest thing to a universal style guide is the '''ISO 31-11''' (now succeeded by '''ISO 80000-2''').

* '''Who uses it:''' Primarily applied scientists, physicists, and engineering bodies. Pure mathematicians largely ignore it in favor of their own subfield traditions.
* '''Core Rule:''' It mandates the use of '''italic fonts for variables''' (e.g., $E = mc^2$) and '''upright (roman) fonts for mathematical constants''' (e.g., $e$ or $\pi$). [7, 8]

2. Disciplinary Conventions

Mathematical notation broadly divides into four categories depending on the context:

* '''Operational Symbols:''' e.g., $+$, $-$, $\times$, $\div$, $=$
* '''Set &amp; Logic Symbols:''' e.g., $\in$, $\notin$, $\forall$ (for all), $\exists$ (there exists)
* '''Functional Notation:''' e.g., $f(x)$, $\sin(\theta)$
* '''Structural/Relational Notation:''' e.g., $\sum$ (summation), $\int$ (integration), $\cup$, $\cap$ [2]

Within these categories, subfields develop distinct dialects. For example, a partial derivative might be written as $\frac{\partial f}{\partial x}$ in calculus, $f_x$ in differential equations, or $\partial_x f$ in differential geometry.

3. Practical Usage

Because notation evolves so quickly, papers and textbooks typically rely on '''context''' and explicit definitions rather than a rigid central authority. For typesetting, the international default for mathematical texts is '''LaTeX''', which establishes formatting norms but not the mathematical meaning itself. [1, 2, 9, 10]

To explore this topic further, the '''Wikipedia Mathematical Notation''' page provides a solid overview of common symbols and their regional variants. [7]

[1] &lt;nowiki&gt;https://mathoverflow.net/questions/33152/is-there-a-reference-containing-standard-mathematical-notations&lt;/nowiki&gt;

[2] &lt;nowiki&gt;https://mathematicsauthority.com/mathematical-notation-guide/&lt;/nowiki&gt;

[3] &lt;nowiki&gt;https://math.stackexchange.com/questions/4738809/is-there-one-universal-standard-for-mathematical-notation&lt;/nowiki&gt;

[4] &lt;nowiki&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_31-11&lt;/nowiki&gt;

[5] &lt;nowiki&gt;https://mathoverflow.net/questions/33152/is-there-a-reference-containing-standard-mathematical-notations&lt;/nowiki&gt;

[6] &lt;nowiki&gt;https://hsm.stackexchange.com/questions/19089/why-does-mathematical-notation-and-terminology-stop-being-standard-after-calculu&lt;/nowiki&gt;

[7] &lt;nowiki&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematical_notation&lt;/nowiki&gt;

[8] &lt;nowiki&gt;https://nhigham.com/2016/01/28/typesetting-mathematics-according-to-the-iso-standard/&lt;/nowiki&gt;

[9] &lt;nowiki&gt;https://www2.cde.ca.gov/cacs/math?c0=14,8&amp;c1=5&lt;/nowiki&gt;

[10] &lt;nowiki&gt;https://math.stackexchange.com/questions/1202594/there-is-a-logical-or-mathematical-symbol-for-compatibility-incompatibility&lt;/nowiki&gt;

The definitive, encyclopedic reference for the history of mathematical symbols is &lt;mark&gt;Florian Cajori's ''A History of Mathematical Notations''&lt;/mark&gt;. This foundational text details the origin, evolution, and dissemination of virtually every mathematical symbol. You can access the full A History Of Mathematical Notations Vol I text online via the Internet Archive. [1, 2, 3]

For a quick, scannable breakdown of specific symbols, turn to the Wikipedia History of mathematical notation. This resource highlights major eras and the mathematicians who standardized our modern system. [1, 2, 3]

Key Resources by Topic

* Textbook Classic: Read or borrow Florian Cajori's unabridged work via Internet Archive for a deep dive into specific symbols. [1, 2]
* General Summary: Use the Wikipedia History of mathematical notation for a curated list of who invented specific operators. [1]
* Functions &amp; Operations: Visit the MacTutor History of Mathematics archive, maintained by the University of St Andrews, to track individual symbols (e.g., \(+\), \(-\), \(\times \), \(\div \), and \(f(x)\)). [1, 2, 3]
* The Future of Notation: Read Stephen Wolfram's Mathematical Notation: Past and Future to learn how the history of notation shapes modern computation. [1]
&lt;blockquote&gt;
''&quot;Now I have to tell you that I had always assumed that mathematical notation was too haphazard to be used as any kind of thing that a computer could reasonably interpret in a rigorous way. But at the beginning of the 1990s we got interested in making Mathematica be able to interact with mathematical notation. And so we realized that we really had to figure out what was going on with mathematical notation.''

''Neil Soiffer had spent quite a number of years working on editing and interpreting mathematical notation, and when he joined our company in 1991, he started trying to convince me that one really could work with mathematical notation in a reasonable way, for both output and input.''

''The output side was pretty straightforward: after all, TROFF and TeX already did a moderately good job with that.''

''The issue was input.''

''Well, actually, one already learned something from output. One learned that at least at some level, a lot of mathematical notation could be represented in some kind of context-free form. Because one knew that in TeX, for instance, one could set things up in a tree of nested boxes.''

''But how about input? Well, one of the biggest things was something that always comes up in parsing: if you have a string of text, with operands and operators, how do you tell what groups with what?&quot;&lt;br /&gt;''

– Stephen Wolfram&lt;/blockquote&gt;&quot;=&quot; means syntactic equality. Check : is(equal(a,b))
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{{displaytitle|title=𝚃𝚢𝚙𝚎𝚠𝚛𝚒𝚝𝚒𝚗𝚐}}
Typewriters are machines that can be used to print texts on paper.
Today, typewriters are obsolete technology;
they are uneconomic and have been superseded by electronic devices.

== about ==
{{IPA notice}}&lt;!-- transcription of word platen --&gt;
{{reading level|intermediate}}
In the heyday of typewriters hundreds of books were written on typewriting.
Unfortunately, when typewriters fell out of favor many people simply threw them away.
It may be difficult to find and get a copy.
This collaboratively edited Wikibook attempts to address the demand.
Typewriter enthusiasts around the world have created and shared thousands upon thousands of instructional videos.
We are glad you are considering reading an easily searchable textbook instead or to supplement video instructions.
; learning objective
: skillful use of non‐specialized typewriters &lt;!-- stenographic typewriters used by court reporters, Braille typewriters used by blind people  --&gt; designed to type up general documents in English
; target audience
: seeing and hearing adults
; not covered in this Wikibook
: This book is {{em|not}} &lt;!-- the {{em}} template is used so a text search for a straight/typewriter apostrophe yields more relevant results --&gt; about [[How to Type|touchtyping]], the skill of typing without looking at the keys (sometimes by layman also called {{em|typewriting}}), because it is a largely transferable skill (cmp. [[#legacy|§&amp;nbsp;legacy]]). This book does not provide product guidance, choosing the right typewriter that suits your needs. Only very mundane “artistic” use is described, not like “ASCII art” or similar.
; structure
: top‐down: general instructions, then delve into details; &lt;!-- in the spirit of Wikibooks ain’t paper --&gt; a lot of information is repeated multiple times so you may refer to sections in a handbook manner; {{em|strictly}} continuous reading from stem to stern should not be necessary
; guidelines for co‐authors
: there are hundreds upon hundreds of (printed) books on typewriting, what makes this book different is extensive hyperlinking; note that Wikibooks holds back on interwiki (and interbook) linking, this book has to be self‐contained; write one sentence per physical line to facilitate readable diffs

&lt;!-- limit = 3 corresponds to &lt;h3&gt; [h3 being inclusive] --&gt;{{TOC|limit=3}}{{clear}}
== typewriting ==
This section provides some background information.
Feel free to [[#supplies|skip it entirely]].
Note, similar to {{em|computer}}, a {{em|typewriter}} can refer to a person {{em|using}} a machine called {{em|typewriter}};
however, {{em|this}} use is&amp;nbsp;– just like the word {{em|computer}} referring to a person&amp;nbsp;– deemed archaic.

[[Image: Schreibmaschinen-Typen.jpg|thumb|alt=An array of levers featuring mirrored outlines of characters.|Terminology: In the (type) basket one (type) bar with a (type) slug at its top end is raised.]]
=== legacy ===
&lt;!-- This section is about the legacy left {{em|by the machine}}. The habits people adopted and still show&amp;nbsp;– such as writing abbreviations without intervening spaces {{mono|e.g.}}&amp;nbsp; are not considered legacy for the purposes of this section. --&gt;
* To this day ({{as of|2026|alt=2026&amp;nbsp;{{abbr|CE|common era}}}}) {{em|almost all computer keyboards}} use a {{em|staggered}} keyboard layout{{noprint|1={{hover info|the specific physical arrangement of keys}}}}, even though
** there is no mechanical need for that (there are no levers),
** there is not any consumer demand (anymore) to ease the transition {{em|from a typewriter}} to a computer keyboard,
** nor is it natural for humans’ fingers to move laterally.
* Although there is no chance that levers collide and and get jammed, the predominant key mappings{{noprint|1={{hover info|the assignment of keys to characters or functions}}}} are based on the typewriter keyboard mapping. {{em|One}} of the considerations for the predominant typewriter “QWERTY” key mapping is that when typing fast {{em|physically}} near type bars may get [[#jam|jammed]], hence pulling apart common character combinations reduced the chance of jams.
* On computer keyboards the {{key press|shift}} key is still called {{key press|shift}} even though it does not shift anything. On actual typewriters the {{key press|shift}} key {{em|actually moves}} the basket&amp;nbsp;– the entirety of the assembly holding the type bars together&amp;nbsp;– or carriage&amp;nbsp;– the unit that holds the paper.
* Key tops are labeled as if there was only one key mapping. In fact the keyboard mapping can be changed electronically, the key labeled {{key press|D}} producing an {{code|A}} is no problem. There is no {{em|mechanical}} connection between the key {{key press|D}} producing a {{code|D}}.
* First a mechanical simplification utilized in typewriters, monospace fonts are still in use in some domains {{as of|2026|alt=to this day}}.

=== preference ===
Few authors of novels&amp;nbsp;– and not necessarily just those who grew up in the prime days of typewriters&amp;nbsp;– claim they used typewriters because it facilitated and matched their authoring workflow.
A {{em|typescript}} (typewritten manuscript) has the benefit that a publisher can perform {{abbr|OCR|optical character recognition}}, the computerized extraction of text from scanned images.

== supplies ==
Typewriters need paper and ink, and not just any paper and ink.
(Preparing masters for [[#hectography|hectography]]&amp;nbsp;– a small batch replication method&amp;nbsp;– is also possible, but {{as of|2026|lc=lc}} not explained in this book.)

[[Image: Hermes Rocket 1959 type specimen.png|thumb|alt=All letters a typewriter can produce next to a ruler marked in centimeters and inch.|Upon closer inspection the blot of white ink can be identified.]]
=== paper ===
==== color ====
Should you want to be able to correct typing mistakes with correction fluids or tapes, use {{em|white}} paper because the correction fluid or tape is {{em|primarily}} available in white.
Thus correcting typing mistakes on 100% recycling paper results in unsightly bright white spots, unnecessarily {{em|drawing}} the attention to the fact that you typed something wrong and had to correct it.
Other methods to correct typing mistakes are not as sensitive to the paper’s color;
still you get the best photocopies with white paper.

==== grammage ====
Typewriters can print on paper that has a certain range of grammage.
{{em|Grammage}} refers to the mass per area.
* If the paper is too thin, glyphs with eyes such as {{code|D}} or {{code|o}} may punch holes into the sheet. Less than about 75&amp;nbsp;{{abbr|gsm|grams per square meter}} is too thin. It is possible to “just” type lightly, but this tends to produce quite faint lettering, too.
* If the paper is too thick, the paper might not {{em|reliably}} advance. Consider anything in the neighborhood of 300&amp;nbsp;{{abbr|gsm|grams per square meter}} too much. You {{em|can}} still help push and hold your paper with a hand, e.&amp;#8239;g. for one‐time prints like business or place cards, however, the typewriter’s platen‐roller also {{em|curls}} the paper.
The most abundant retail paper has a grammage of 80&amp;nbsp;{{abbr|gsm|grams per square meter}} or 90&amp;nbsp;{{abbr|gsm|grams per square meter}}, so it is easy to obtain.
If you intend to produce carbon copies, choose the thinner paper of the two.

==== dimensions ====
{{anchor|maximum length}}
There is no actual {{em|maximum length}}&amp;nbsp;– length referring to the secondary writing direction (for Latin‐based scripts like English usually downward).
Otherwise, there are maximum and minimum dimensions for sheets.

{{anchor|maximum width}}
The {{em|maximum width}} is dictated by the paper feed slot.
Keep in mind that the typewriter may not be able to type all the way to the (physically imposed) margins, neither is there usually any need.

{{anchor|minimum size}}
The {{em|minimum size}} needs to be tested.
If the paper is too small, it does not advance reliably, maybe even gets skewed because there is no sufficient grip.
It is recommended to simply write on a large sheet and {{em|cut it down}} to the desired size when finished.
Another method is to use a backing sheet, a larger paper, and secure the smaller one with paperclips.

=== ink ===
{{noprint|1={{wikipedia|ink ribbon}}}}
The necessary ink is stored on ribbons.
There are two types, the typewriter accepting only one of them:
* plastic film on one side coated with carbon (at least {{em|originally}}; different mixtures were {{em|in use since}}, yet it is {{em|still}} referred to as “carbon”)
* textile ribbons tinctured with ink
Both are available with either correctable or indelible ink{{noprint|1={{hover info|indelible ink is typically employed if documents need to be tamper‐evident and remain easily legible in several decades}}}}.
And to add insult to injury, there are various ribbon widths.

{{helpful hint
| title = privacy
| hint  = Because of the gaps left on (correctable) carbon tapes, typed texts can usually be reconstructed, albeit without spaces and formatting.&lt;!-- Textile ribbons {{em|may}} suffer from the same problem only upon first use. --&gt;
}}
The plastic film comes in easy to install cartridges.
Since the carbon is transferred from the film to the paper, there are gaps:
this means the film is single use only.
Have replacement ready.

{{helpful hint
| title = re‐inking
| hint  = Ensure the ink dries before winding it up. Moisture and poor ventilation, i.&amp;#x202F;e. when wound up, facilitate grow of {{em|mold}}, another disadvantage.
}}
Textile ribbons deplete gradually.
They can be re‐inked (either automatically via a “sponge” or manually, although {{abbr|DIY|do it yourself}} can get pretty messy).
Unfortunately, textile ribbons also wear out.

=== accessories ===
Unavailable [[#characters|characters]] are augmented by hand.
Have a pen that matches the ink color and character line thickness.
To plan ahead [[#tabulation|tables]] or similar you may find graph paper&amp;nbsp;– paper with a 5&amp;nbsp;mm grid printed on it&amp;nbsp;– useful;
today, of course, you can use a computer and a text editor.

{{noprint|1={{wikipedia|correction fluid|correction tape|typewriter eraser}}}}&lt;!-- omitted from print because URLs get printed in full, too, wasting a lot of space --&gt;
Nobody is perfect.
Have correction fluid, correction tape, or razor/scalpel to [[#mistakes|delete typing mistakes]].
You can also use a special eraser, yet this produces detritus to be kept out of the machine.
Choose according to your requirements and preferences.

Alternatively, many electric typewriters can be equipped with a far more convenient correction tape.
There are two types:
* If a carbon‑C tape&amp;nbsp;– {{em|C}} stands for {{em|correctable}}&amp;nbsp;– is used, the ink can be removed with a lift‐off tape. This tape is comparable to adhesive tape.
* If {{em|indelible}} ink is used, there are whiteout tapes. They simply cover up the incorrect character; it is still there.

== operation ==
Typewriters are {{em|mechanical}} machines.
Some things may not work as smoothly as it used when the original manufacturer delivered them.
You may need to start with {{delink|[[#maintenance|maintenance]]}}.

=== environment ===
* A typewriter takes up space. Ensure the carriage can move all the way from left to right and you can still comfortably access the controls.
* The inertia of the carriage as it advances to the next character position may rock “light”‐weight portable typewriters enough to make them move on a smooth surface. Ensure you cannot easily push your typewriter sideways with your hand. Possibly place the typewriter on rubber like a place mat. Some rubber mat may be recommended anyway to decouple mechanical vibrations to some degree 
* There are exceptionally {{em|quiet}} typewriters (“noiseless”), but in general typewriters are annoyingly '''loud'''. For prolonged work consider wearing ear protection. This may also aid your ability to concentrate. The sound is nonetheless valuable feedback that you have [[#strokes|{{em|properly}} struck a key]].

=== preparation ===
Some models feature a carriage lock.
The carriage lock ensures the carriage does not move back and forth during transport.
The carriage invariably locks {{em|at the center}} position.
The carriage lock lever is at a hard to reach location to prevent accidental locking, e.&amp;#8239;g. near the feet.
It may take a while to find it.

=== loading the ribbon ===
For stencils loading a ribbon is not necessary, maybe you even need to remove the ribbon if the typewriter does not allow to select a stencil mode.
# Remove the cover. In some models you shift the frame toward you. In others you have to lift the cover. In some sophisticated models the cover is hinged and you need to push a latch pin.
# Load the ribbon as explained below.
# Install the cover.

[[Image: Silver-Reed SR 200 in red-9542.jpg|thumb|alt=A ribbon spool visible when the typewriter’s cover is removed.|The spools sits entirely on the pin.]]
[[Image: Farbbandführung Schreibmaschine Wanderer 35.jpg|thumb|alt=A ribbon only partially held in the ribbon carrier.|Another method: use only one tooth on each side.]]
==== spools ====
The ink ribbon’s ends are attached to two spools.
# To facilitate even wear, you may want to label the spool: place a sticker on what shall be designated the top, indicate the winding/unwinding direction and maybe write the loading date. If you are a power user&amp;nbsp;– someone who writes a lot with his typewriter on a regular basis&amp;nbsp;– and do not intend to unload the ink ribbon, you can skip this step.
# There are two reel tables with pins the size of the spools’ central hole. Unwind the ribbon a bit and place both spools on the pin so that the ribbon wind/unwind {{em|on the far side}}, the side that is closer to the roller‐platen. Do not twist the ribbon. If the correct spools are used, the pins should stick out at the top. If not, rotate the spools a bit and {{em|lightly}} push them down. You may feel that the spools snap.
# Except in {{em|very}} old typewriters, there are two arms extending from the reel table with vertical slits. They can be moved laterally. These are part of the reverser mechanism. Place the ribbon in the slits. When reaching either end of the ribbon, the typewriter keeps pulling the ribbon: in consequence the tension exerted by the ribbon on the arm triggers a ribbon feed reversal.
# Thread the ribbon into the ribbon carrier ({{abbr|a.&amp;#8239;k.&amp;#8239;a.|also known as}} shaker or vibrator), the window that raises and falls down as you type characters. Using both hands, grab a short segment of the ribbon in the middle. Like flossing your teeth, use your thumbs to stretch this segment. Move it between the ribbon carrier and typing mask. In models that swivel the carriage (instead of shifting the basket, the assembly unit that holds all the type bars), you may have better access by [[#caps lock|using the {{key press|caps lock}}]].
# When descending the ribbon, switch from pushing to pulling: pull the lower edge of the ribbon and guide the ribbon downward so the lower teeth of the ribbon carrier become covered.
# Finally push down the upper edge past the gap and gently pull it toward you. Now straighten the ribbon so the upper teeth are covered, too.
# Turn either spool to remove {{em|excess}} slack. A {{em|little}} bit of slack is harmless. Note that {{em|one}} of the spools can only be rotated in one direction. This is correct.

==== cartridges ====
{{empty section}}

=== margins ===
Typewriters almost always have at least one margin delimiter.
The margin controls the area in the primary writing direction&amp;nbsp;– the line length&amp;nbsp;– you can write on.
The right‐hand margin is the imaginary vertical line on the paper not to be crossed when typing a line.
The left‐hand margin is the imaginary vertical line on the paper at which you start typing, more specifically on the right‐hand side of the line.

{{helpful hint
| title = standardization
| hint = {{abbr|ISO|International Organization for Standardization}} standard 838 expects that the margin to be punched with holes has a width of {{nowrap|20 mm – 25 mm}} {{nowrap|(ca. ¾ in – 1 in)}}.
}}
==== pitch ====
Today, margin requirements are usually expressed as a length.
However, you will not find a ruler on your typewriter marked in, say, millimeters.

{{noprint|1={{wikipedia|pitch (typewriter)}}}}
There {{em|are}} few typewriters that advance horizontally only so much as the character really needs, e.&amp;#8239;g. an I&amp;nbsp;(eye) and l&amp;nbsp;(ell) is narrow, whereas&amp;nbsp;M advances a lot more.
By far most typewriters have a fixed {{em|pitch}}:
each character occupies exactly the same width as the other (“monospace”).

Horizontal pitch is expressed in {{em|character per inch}} (cpi), vertical pitch in {{em|lines per inch}} (lpi).
One inch is 25.4&amp;nbsp;{{abbr|mm|millimeters}}.
Take a ruler and align the zero mark with the zero mark on (any) ruler on the typewriter.
If the ruler marks inches, you can read the {{abbr|cpi|character per inch}} value directly at the 1&quot; mark.
For rulers with a millimeter scale, read the character count at 127&amp;nbsp;{{abbr|mm|millimeters}} and divide it by&amp;nbsp;5.
The most common pitches are 10 or 12&amp;nbsp;{{abbr|cpi|characters per inch}}.
Some typewriters allow switching between the two, especially if the typeface is exchangeable.
{{editor note|§ Calculating the margins: needs more details, is not easy to understand. Refactor this.}}
Knowing your machine’s pitch allows you to {{em|calculate}}
# the sheet’s width expressed in character positions,
# the margin widths expressed in character positions, and thus
# how many character positions you need to subtract.
{{example
| 1 = DIN 5008
| 2 = For example,
* an {{abbr|ISO|International Organization for Standardization}} standard 216 size A4 sheet (210&amp;nbsp;{{abbr|mm|millimeters}}&amp;#x202F;×&amp;#x202F;297&amp;nbsp;{{abbr|mm|millimeters}})
* is to be printed with a 10&amp;nbsp;{{abbr|cpi|character per inch}} (“pica”) machine
* leaving 25&amp;nbsp;{{abbr|mm|millimeters}} of margin on the left‐hand side and
* 20&amp;nbsp;{{abbr|mm|millimeters}} of margin on the right‐hand side.
# 210&amp;nbsp;{{abbr|mm|millimeters}}&amp;nbsp;× 10&amp;nbsp;{{abbr|cpi|character per inch}}&amp;nbsp;= 210&amp;nbsp;{{abbr|mm|millimeters}}&amp;nbsp;× 10&amp;nbsp;{{abbr|ch|characters}} ÷ 25.4&amp;nbsp;{{abbr|mm|millimeters}}&amp;nbsp;≈ 82.68&amp;nbsp;{{abbr|ch|characters}}
# &amp;#8199;25&amp;nbsp;{{abbr|mm|millimeters}}&amp;nbsp;× 10&amp;nbsp;{{abbr|cpi|character per inch}}&amp;nbsp;= &amp;#8199;25&amp;nbsp;{{abbr|mm|millimeters}}&amp;nbsp;× 10&amp;nbsp;{{abbr|ch|characters}} ÷ 25.4&amp;nbsp;{{abbr|mm|millimeters}}&amp;nbsp;≈ &amp;#8199;9.84&amp;nbsp;{{abbr|ch|characters}}
# &amp;#8199;20&amp;nbsp;{{abbr|mm|millimeters}}&amp;nbsp;× 10&amp;nbsp;{{abbr|cpi|character per inch}}&amp;nbsp;= &amp;#8199;20&amp;nbsp;{{abbr|mm|millimeters}}&amp;nbsp;× 10&amp;nbsp;{{abbr|ch|characters}} ÷ 25.4&amp;nbsp;{{abbr|mm|millimeters}}&amp;nbsp;≈ &amp;#8199;7.87&amp;nbsp;{{abbr|ch|characters}}
# 82.68&amp;nbsp;{{abbr|ch|characters}}&amp;nbsp;− 10&amp;nbsp;{{abbr|ch|characters}}&amp;nbsp;− 8&amp;nbsp;{{abbr|ch|characters}}&amp;nbsp;≈ &amp;#8199;64.68&amp;nbsp;{{abbr|ch|characters}}
Some models feature an adjustable paper guide:
This is an edge in the paper feed slot you can move laterally.
It has a pointy mark indicating the position on the ruler.

Using the calculated information you set the paper guide preferably at −10&amp;nbsp;{{abbr|ch|characters}}.
If not available, shift all values by a constant, preferably a multiple of&amp;nbsp;10.
}}

==== adjustment ====
Knowing the required margins expressed as a character count you can adjust them.
Some typewriters have an “automatic” margin function.
You press some magic button and simultaneously move the carriage to the first or last position a character should appear.

{{anchor|margin tabs}}
More often than not you need to set the margins yourself.
For that&amp;nbsp;– depending on the model&amp;nbsp;– depress or lift the margin tabs.
The margin tabs are located close to the margin ruler, a numbered scale, in non‐electric typewriters at the far end of the carriage or anywhere close to the platen‐roller.
You may see an arrow, triangular arrow heading pointing toward the numbered ruler, or just a vertical line.

In some models it is not necessary to actually push the tab down,
* if you are adjusting the left‐hand margin in the leftward direction, and
* if you are adjusting the right‐hand margin in the rightward direction.
You can simply push them laterally.

# Move the carriage to a central position. The margins cannot be adjusted past the current position lest unless [[#margin release|released]]. To move the carriage rightward you can just push it. For leftward movement you can&amp;nbsp;– beside repeatedly hitting {{key press|space}}&amp;nbsp;– find a carriage release lever.
# Move the margin tabs.

==== margin release ====
In normal operations the carriage cannot be moved beyond the currently set margins.
However, there is a {{em|margin release}}:
The {{key press|margin release}} may be labeled {{key press|⇼}}, {{key press|∷}} or just {{key press|MR}}.
Press the margin release key to move past either margin.
When you {{em|were}} stopped by the right‐hand margin, you may {{em|hear}} that the carriage {{em|advanced}} upon pressing the margin release key.

Once you have passed either margin, let go of the margin release.
You only need to press the margin release key
* to move {{em|rightward}} across the {{em|right‐hand}} margin, or
* to move {{em|leftward}} across the {{em|left‐hand}} margin.
The opposite direction,
* moving {{em|rightward}} across the {{em|left‐hand}} margin, and
* moving {{em|leftward}} across the {{em|right‐hand}} margin
is always “allowed”.
Essentially, the margin release is “reset” whenever you enter the designated text area.

=== loading paper ===
You need to feed your typewriter with paper.
Typewriters take sheets.
There are
* no sprockets to advance continuous paper with perforated borders that can be teared away, so
* continuous paper may slowly veer to either side because it is not perfectly aligned.
To some degree you can label envelopes for letters, too.

# Possibly wash your hands if you just loaded the ribbon. You do not want to get ink blots on the paper before you even started.
# Move the carriage to a center position. Usually this {{em|should not matter}}, but in some machines the paper may get stuck. To move the carriage rightward you can just push it. For leftward movement you can&amp;nbsp;– beside repeatedly hitting {{key press|space}}&amp;nbsp;– find a release lever.
# Usually you type on one sheet at a time. However, if applicable, prepare the stack of paper. For carbon copies place one carbon sheet {{em|between}} each paper. The black side faces the sheet to print on. The characters on the top sheet get their ink from the ribbon. Ensure all sheets have the same orientation in case you are using papers with a letterhead already printed on it. Align the borders by tapping the stack edge first on the tabletop. Be careful as to not to crinkle the carbon sheets.
# Insert the paper(s). There is a slot on the far side of the platen{{noprint|1={{hover info|{{word|en|platen}} is pronounced {{IPA|/ˈplætən/}}, like “platten”}}}}. If you are using paper that has a letterhead already printed on it, the front page should face away from you and the top is fed first. For plain blank paper the direction does not matter. If there are any carbon sheets, their black sides have to face the platen.
# Disengage the line spacer. The line spacer defines how much you advance in the secondary writing direction. It is either a lever on the carriage next to some single‐digit marks, or you can pull out the platen‐roller knob (usually the left one).
# Turn the knob of the platen‐roller. There are usually two knobs, one on each side. The right‐hand platen knob is turned clockwise, the left‐hand platen knob counter‐clockwise. As you twist either knob, the paper should be drawn into the machine now. If not, you may be using too thick paper, or you need to ensure the paper release is disengaged. As the paper emerges on the other side, you may need to guide it below the paper bail. Return the bail bar back to its normal position.
# Turn either knob so that roughly 50% of the paper is not in yet, 50% of the paper already sticks out front. In some models you have to {{em|lift the paper bail}}, that is the bar sometimes with numbered marks and possibly rollers sitting on top of the already written on paper. In some models the paper slips right under it {{em|without further ado}}, in others you have to push it there.
# Ideally you notice that the edges of the paper, the one in the back and the one in front of it, {{em|align}} perfectly. Should the paper not be aligned perfectly, pinch the papers (both back and front) at the top edge. Engage the paper release. You can now move the paper freely. Shift them individually so the corners align. If your typewriter does not have a paper guide at its feed slot, pay also attention the paper bail: you probably want the paper’s edge to appear at a certain mark. Now pinch the the papers together again and gently pull up (against the roller‐platen). Cautiously disengage the paper release. When disengaged, let go of the paper. One last visual check: while the line snap is disengaged twist the platen knob back and forth, so at the top the front and rear end alternate. If you notice any raggedness, repeat this step.
# Turn the roller‐platen back to the first line you want to write in. Note, while it is possible to write at the very top of the sheet, writing all the way to the bottom of the page is not possible: some paper has to remain in the machine for sufficient grip, otherwise it gets out of place and your text lines become bent. If you need text to appear all the way to the bottom, use larger paper and cut it down when finished.
# Engage the line spacer, and optionally erect the paper stand. The paper stand is one or two bars you can lift behind the paper feed.

{{choice
| 1 = {{anchor|side}} Single‐sided vs. double‐sided
| 2 = 
Because of the {{em|embossing}} it creates on the other side, typewritten documents are usually {{em|single‐sided}} for {{em|purely esthetic&lt;!-- alt. US spelling, see [[wikt:esthetic]] --&gt; reasons}}. In some instances the front {{em|and back}} are always printed on, e.&amp;#x202F;g. a post card or a last will and testament (not exceeding two pages) so as to not raise any doubt that it was {{em|one}} document. (As a side bar, in some jurisdictions a will has to {{em|be handwritten}} or else certified by a notary public.) It is apparent that the thicker the paper, the less pronounced the imprint and thus more acceptable to write on both sides.
}}

=== typing ===
{{helpful hint
| title = hyphenation rules
| hint  = It is a sin to hyphenate across pages. In justified composition, at most two or three subsequent lines may be hyphenated.
}}
[[Image: Typewriter.JPG|thumb|alt=The left aspect of a typewriter.|Use the lever to advance the sheet and return the carriage to the left‐hand margin.]]
==== line ====
In most models, as you approach the right‐hand margin you will hear a bell ring.
Latin script typewriters are usually adjusted to ring the bell when you can still type at most 6&amp;#8239;–&amp;#8239;8&amp;nbsp;{{abbr|ch|characters}}.
This is a good point in time to consider wrapping the line.
If the margin is not too thin, it is generally acceptable to print {{em|punctuation}} like hyphens and periods past it;
use the [[#margin release|margin release]].
{{XWarning|With {{em|some}} models the carriage simply stops advancing once you reach the right‐hand margin. Before you know it you are typing multiple characters on top of each other. More sophisticated models arrest the type bars.}}
The carriage return lever performs two actions at once, return the carriage and advance to the next line.
It is the biggest lever you can find, attached at the left‐hand end of the carriage.
Push the lever rightward till the carriage is stopped by the left‐hand margin.

{{anchor|enter}}
Electric typewriters do not have a carriage return lever, but a new line {{key press|enter}} key.
Unlike the non‐electric counterparts, electric typewriters block typing any new letters while the carriage or type head returns to the starting position.
You should feel increased resistance if you try pressing any printing keys.

{{anchor|line spacer}}
The {{em|line spacer}} defines by how much you want to advance the paper when starting a new line.
It usually has at least three settings: 1, 1½ and 2.
These are {{em|factors}} to a reasonable line height, e.&amp;#x202F;g.&amp;nbsp;⅙&amp;nbsp;{{abbr|in|inch}}.
This line height includes a little bit of leading&amp;nbsp;– that is {{em|lead}} as in the chemical element.
To select the line height factor you may find a wheel or lever.
{{choice
| 1 = {{anchor|lh}} What line spacer setting should I use (for the main text body)?
| 2 =
If you intend to [[#superscript|superscript]] or [[#subscript|subscript]] text inside a paragraph, it may be wise to use the 150% setting. By using double spacing, you can insert words you forgot typing using the space between lines. Alternatively, if sufficiently wide, the margin can be utilized to supply missing words (in combination with some insertion mark).

Because of the uniform width of characters, typewritten texts are said to be more difficult to read in comparison to texts set with a proportional font. Consider adding vertical space just to aid legibility. On the other hand, it is a matter of practice; for instance hanzi (“Chinese characters”) are placed in uniform square boxes and nobody is complaining about that.
}}

The line spacer can be disengaged.
Some typewriters integrate disengaging the line spacer as a setting&amp;nbsp;0 (zero).

[[Image: Typewriter, portrait, office, workplace, interior, desk, lady Fortepan 5050.jpg|thumb|alt=A lady sits in front of a typewriter.|reasonable typing position]]
==== strokes ====
Users of electric typewriters simply touch the keys.
Just ensure it is switched on.
With mechanical typewriters the user has to muster the necessary force all on his own.

A proper stroke is resolute&amp;nbsp;– quick attack and quick release.
Try a faint touch, try slow motion, it will not print.
The keys travel quite far in comparison to electric typewriters.
You want to apply all force in the {{em|downward}} direction, yet {{em|your arms}} should {{em|barely}} move.
Therefore sit upright and have the typewriter {{em|just a bit}} above lap height.
The {{em|regular}} desk height you use to comfortably write with a pen on a piece of paper {{em|is too high}}.
Moreover, should your finger slip they may get entangled between the keys.

For small face characters like the period ({{code|.}}), comma ({{code|,}}), colon ({{code|:}}) and semicolon ({{code|;}}) a {{em|light}} tap is sufficient;
especially if the period or comma are hit with full force you may inadvertently print the top area, too, creating bit of an angry vibe, period!
Furthermore, it {{em|may}} punch a [[#side|hole in the paper]] or even damage the ribbon.

If you are producing carbon copies, it is of import to strike keys with more force than usual.
An electric typewriter is therefore ideal for such a job.
Typing [[#mistakes|mistakes]] need to be corrected separately, in the original and each and every copy.

{{helpful hint
| title = performance
| hint  = Typing speed is measured in {{em|strokes per minute}}, pressing {{key press|shift}} being counted, too, {{em|in addition}} to the actual letter key.
}}
{{anchor|jam}}
If you are typing {{em|fast}} on a typewriter using type bars&amp;nbsp;– the levers that strike the paper&amp;nbsp;– as opposed to type heads, you may be {{em|stopped}} by one bar holding up another one thus blocking the typing window.
This {{em|jam}} requires manual intervention.
Ensure you pull down the type bar {{em|closest}} to you first so as to not accidentally bend the levers.
{{Exercises|1=
Type a character sample sheet. In other words, type something {{em|like}} the following, obviously resembling the {{tooltip|keyboard layout|the specific physical arrangement of keys}}:
&lt;syntaxhighlight lang='none' style='line-height: 150%; white-space: pre; page-break-inside: avoid;'&gt;
Typewriter Model Make, manufactured 2028, serial number 123456

         1  2   3   4   5   6   7   8   9   +   ß   ´
          q   w   e   r   t   y   u   i   o   p   ü
           a   s   d   f   g   h   j   k   l   ;   ä
             z   x   c   v   b   n   m   ,   .   -

         ;  &quot;   =   %   &amp;   (   )   '   §   /   :   `
          Q   W   E   R   T   Y   U   I   O   P   Ü
           A   S   D   F   G   H   J   K   L   Ö   Ä
             Z   X   C   V   B   N   M   ?   !   _
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
The staggering, the lateral position of each character, corresponds to the arrangement of type bars, the levers, in the basket (of course only applicable if you use a typewriter with type bars). Ensure that in the final document in each of the blocks no two characters are above each other.
}}
If one letter, one type bar persistently does not seem to return, you may have the idea that you needed to lubricate the machine.
However, oiling the segment&amp;nbsp;– the solid arced block with slits holding the type bars&amp;nbsp;– may be {{em|inadvisable}} because it is {{em|hard to clean}};
over time accumulating dust in combination with oil produces icky goo making the type bars {{em|even harder}} to fall back.

{{clear}}
==== capital letters ====
There are {{em|very few}} typewriters that have {{em|two}} sets of keys:
one for majuscules{{noprint|1={{hover info|the typographic term for upper‐case letters}}}} and one for minuscules{{noprint|1={{hover info|the typographic term for lower‐case letters}}}}.
The predominant pattern, however, has only one set of keys.
By default the letter keys produce minuscules.
You need to press either {{key press|shift}} key.
They may be unlabeled.
One is left of the {{key press|Z}}, the other one at the far right in the same row.

Unlike keyboards for electronic devices&amp;nbsp;– including electric typewriters&amp;nbsp;– you do not need to ensure the {{key press|shift}} key is pressed {{em|before}} hitting the letter key.
You can press {{key press|shift}} and the desired letter in sync, {{em|simultaneously}}.
In mechanical typewriters both mechanisms are independent from each other.

{{anchor|caps lock}}
{{noprint|1=[[File: Wagenheber einer Schreibmaschine.webm|thumb|{{key press|caps lock}} in action]]}}&lt;!-- omitted from print because it is a video --&gt;
In modern typography, headings are set with a {{em|larger}} font{{noprint|1={{hover info|set of glyphs following a common design}}}} size and possibly {{em|heavier}} weight{{noprint|1={{hover info|thin and thick lines}}}}.
Some premium typewriters have exchangeable type heads, but more often than not you are “stuck” with a {{em|single}} font size and weight.
If [[#underlining|underlining]] or similar is insufficient, you may want to type a title in all‐caps.
# To facilitate this, typewriters frequently feature a {{key press|caps lock}} key. It is the key immediately above {{em|the left}} {{key press|shift}} key and may also be unlabeled or called {{key press|shift lock}}. If you press {{key press|caps lock}} you will feel a snap. It often moves in unison with all {{key press|shift}} keys.
# Now you can type upper‐case letters {{em|without}} pressing {{key press|shift}}. However, note that digit and punctuation keys also produce {{em|their shifted}} meaning. All‐caps titles may benefit from added horizontal spacing, but only a little bit; one whole space character is already too much, so you need to [[#space out|use the semi‐step mechanism]].
# {{key press|Caps lock}} is a “one‐way” key: To unlock the {{key press|caps lock}} you press either {{key press|shift}} key. Unlike computer keyboards, pressing {{key press|caps lock}} when it is already “activated” will {{em|not reverse}} its effects.
Historically, telegrams were often written in all‐caps, some typewriters even had {{em|only}} upper‐case letters.
An orator may appreciate if his speech is written all‐caps, as he may find it easier to read.

=== mistakes ===
# {{em|Assess}} the situation. A number of mistakes can be corrected by clever use of the typewriter. Let’s say you meant to type capital {{code|E}} but&amp;nbsp;– just for purpose of giving an example&amp;nbsp;– typed a capital {{code|F}}. To remedy the situation, simply go back and type the {{code|E}}. It may not look perfect&amp;nbsp;– in particular if the {{code|F}} dons a serif at its foot&amp;nbsp;– but it works.
# Either flag the mistake&amp;nbsp;– put a small adhesive slip on the original&amp;nbsp;– to postpone it, or {{em|apply}} the correction immediately as described in the subsections.
# If there are too many mistakes on a page, consider taking a break and {{em|starting over}}. There is no satisfaction in a poorly typed page.

[[Image: CarbonFarbband mit Lift-off-Korrektur.jpg|thumb|alt=The digit one in black on white paper. Next to it grooves of the digit two.|You cannot undo the impression: You can discern the &lt;code&gt;2&lt;/code&gt;.]]
==== errors ====
There are correction fluids and tapes available.
# For convenient access of the mistyped part, advance the paper by a couple lines first.
# Now simply cover the incorrectly typed characters.
# If applicable, ensure the paint is dried. Make it a habit and {{em|always}} give it a gentle blow, regardless whether it is really necessary.
# Return to the first elided position and&amp;nbsp;– hopefully&amp;nbsp;– type the {{em|correct}} character(s).
For {{em|bulk corrections}} or if the paper is not in the correction fluid’s or tape’s color (i.&amp;#x202F;e. not white), type the correction on a separate piece of paper, cut it out and glue it in the proper place.
Evidently, this correction needs to be postponed till the page is finished.

If your typewriter is equipped with a lift‐off tape, press the {{key press|⌫}} key and now type {{em|the incorrect}} character as printed.
While the erase function is enabled, the lift‐off tape is raised, not the carbon film.
After having typed one printing character, the erase function is disabled.
The type head stays at its current position so you can immediately type {{em|the correct}} character.

{{helpful hint
| title = {{abbr|CC|carbon copy}} perfection
| hint  = The thickness of the copy papers and carbon sheets add up to the roller‐platen diameter. Expect more slippage than usual. Avoid unnecessary scrolling.
}}
If you are making {{abbr|CCs|carbon copies}} and want to correct a mistake with the typewriter, consider advancing the stack by a couple lines and temporarily inserting scrap sheets between every copy and its corresponding carbon paper.
Return to the correct line and the correcting character gets printed on the scrap sheets.
Before continuing writing, remove the scrap sheets.
This ordeal ensures the newly printed characters are perfectly aligned with the line and everything, something hard to achieve if you {{em|reloaded}} the paper.

{{anchor|x-ing}}
A {{em|fast}} method to rectify mistakes is {{em|overprinting}} incorrect parts:
Return the carriage or type head to the position of the first incorrect character.
Repeatedly strike {{key press|x}} or {{key press|/}} while the cursor is above incorrectly typed characters.
As convenient this method is, it is particularly ugly.
However, it is generally an acceptable compromise {{em|for carbon‐copied}} documents, amending each copy individually being awfully time‐consuming and risking damage.
Of course, ugliness is of no concern for {{em|drafts}} or other one‐time use documents.

==== omissions ====
If you {{em|forgot typing {{em|one}} character}}, you can use the semi‐step mechanics.
Many typewriters actually advance by one character cell in two steps.
Return to the character position preceding the insertion position.
Press {{em|and hold}} the space bar.
Now type the character to be inserted.
You may furthermore want to consider to [[#superscript|superscript]] the character.
Temporarily scroll back by one half line.

{{helpful hint
| title = paragraphs
| hint  = Paragraph breaks are either indicated by vertical blank space, or by indenting the first line but without vertical space. Do not indent the first line {{em|and}} add vertical blank space at the same time. Outdenting (“negative” indentation) is rarely done with typewriters.
}}
=== tabulation ===
To facilitate the creation of lists and tables or just to quickly indent the first line of a paragraph, some typewriters are equipped with a fast‐forward key.
There are two mechanisms:
* The user can define {{em|tabulator stops}} and pressing &lt;!-- {{key press|TAB}} not listed because it features arrows in both directions --&gt; {{key press|⇥}} jumps to the next tab stop. This gives the users maximum flexibility, yet the mechanics are also pretty heavy. This kind is usually only found in desk typewriters.
* Pressing &lt;!-- {{key press|TAB}} not listed because it dons arrows in both directions --&gt; {{key press|⇥}} advances to the next character position divisible by 10&amp;nbsp;±&amp;nbsp;some offset. 10 is the most common value and cannot be changed. This mechanism is sometimes present in “light‐weight” portable typewriters.
Either mechanism is suitable to create {{em|left‐aligned}} itemizations.
Aligning the radix mark (i.&amp;#x202F;e. in English the decimal point) of numbers of varying length still requires manual alignment.

To set and reset tabulator stops, there are either {{em|two}} keys&amp;nbsp;– {{key press|CL}} to clear, {{key press|SET}} to set a tabulator stop&amp;nbsp;– or there is a tabulator control lever or swivel key.
It is labeled with a plus and minus sign, or unlabeled but plus and minus signs are found next to it on the typewriter frame.
* By pushing the control in the direction of the plus sign, you {{em|set}} a tabulator stop {{em|at}} the current position.
* By pushing the control in the direction of the minus sign, you {{em|cancel}} the tabulator stop {{em|at}} the current position (if any is set).
To type an itemization using the tabulation mechanics, proceed as follows:
# Clear all tabulator stops. Some typewriters have a small lever on the carriage to clear all tabulator stops at once. Others require you to return the carriage, press {{em|and hold}} the {{key press|CL}} key or the tabulator control lever in the direction of the minus sign, and press &lt;!-- {{key press|TAB}} not listed because shows arrows in both directions --&gt; {{key press|⇥}}. The carriage scoots to the right‐hand margin canceling all tabulator stops. To verify your success, if you return the carriage and press {{key press|⇥}}, the carriage should glide all the way to the right‐hand [[#margins|margin]] now.
# Advance to the position where the carriage should stop. Push the tabulator control in the direction of the plus sign and release. Repeat this step as required. Because tabulation stops are “stored” as {{em|little}} pins, it may be recommended to keep stops {{em|at most}} 5 to 15 character positions apart. The heavy carriage {{em|smashing}} with all its mass into a tabulation stop pin is quite some stress. Of course you can always simply use one hand and slow down the carriage as you tab.
# Type the itemization and use the {{key press|⇥}} key to advance to the beginning of the next cell. You {{em|can amend}} tabulator stops as you go, e.&amp;#8239;g. because table cells are merged or split up.
Even without a neat tabulation mechanism, some typewriters feature a “slow” forward {{key press|↠}} key (sounding like “automatic (gun‑)fire”).
With some practice you get used to its pace and can jump forward quickly.

=== unloading paper ===
When you have finished typing up the current page:
# Optionally proofread the page and fix any mistakes while you can. {{em|Reloading}} the page following {{em|exactly}} the same line rhythm is difficult, so this is the last chance to fix any mistakes.
# Engage the paper release. It is usually a lever found on the carriage. This removes pressure from the rollers beneath the roller‐platen. The paper can move freely now.
# Pull the stack of sheets out of the machine and lay them in the working area of your desk.
# Disengage the paper release for subsequent operation.
# If applicable, separate any carbon sheets. Be careful as to not to crinkle them.
# If applicable, make amendments you postponed, e.&amp;#x202F;g. filling in missing [[#characters|characters]].
# If you are super‐organized, you place the finished pages in a tray collecting all pages of one document.

=== end of work ===
# {{anchor|flat spot prevention}} Engage the paper release. Prolonged pressure to the rollers at one point may make them flat. Flat spots convey the paper poorly. On the other hand, this puts stress on the paper release spring so it may wear out and actually decrease the pressure the rollers exercise. Rest assured, springs as well as rollers can be replaced; replacement rollers are now marketed as parts for electronic printers.
# Select the easiest setting for everything else, for instance disengage {{key press|caps lock}}.
# The ink in the ink ribbon is adjusted to not dry out for several months. It is not necessary to remove the ribbon after each use. Moreover, unloading exposes the ribbon to the risk of damage. Unloading the ribbon is essentially [[#loading the ribbon|loading the ribbon]] in reverse. Carbon films and correction tapes can stay indefinitely.
# Dust accumulation is bad. Return the carriage to a center position and cover the typewriter e.&amp;#x202F;g. with a nonfuzzy towel. Portable typewriters intended for travel come with a lid turning the typewriter–lid unit into a suitcase.

== glossary ==
=== procedures ===
; {{anchor|form}} forms
: To fill out forms you need to disable the line advance snap. This allows to freely align the form vertically. Depending on the model you just pull the paper drum knob, turn a wheel or lever. It may be integrated in the line advance length selector and labeled&amp;nbsp;0 (zero). For form fields of limited length, be sure to consult the ruler to count the characters you can type, maybe necessitating condensing the intended entry.
; {{anchor|hanging punctuation}} hanging punctuation
: Justified composition may produce an unsteady right‐hand margin: commas, hyphens and periods are predominantly white characters. Despite the justified composition the right‐hand margin optically appears to be ragged. The solution is to insert a half‐space within the line.
; {{anchor|hectography}} hectography
: Typewriters that accommodate for dual‐[[#colors|colored]] ribbons usually also have a blank setting. If not remove the ribbon.
; {{anchor|letterspacing}} letterspacing
: Type one space character between every character. That also means to type an intervening space you hit {{key press|space}} {{em|three}} times in a row. See [[#space out|§&amp;nbsp;space out]] for the favored more sophisticated method.
; {{anchor|dashed lines}} lines, dashed, horizontal, vertical or diagonal
: A vertical dashed line can be achieved by putting straight apostrophes ({{code|'}}) beneath each other. A horizontal dashed line is achieved by repeatedly typing dashes&amp;nbsp;({{code|-}}). {{em|If}} their angle/orientation is right, diagonal dashed lines can be achieved with the accents {{code|´}} and&amp;nbsp;{{code|`}}. Because of the varying line lengths of these characters and not worth mentioning the spacing between them, diagrams employing dashed lines in multiple directions may look inconsistent.
; {{anchor|dotted lines}} lines, dotted, horizontal, vertical, or diagonal
: For horizontal dotted lines, repeatedly type the period ({{code|.}}). For vertical dotted lines, type period, use the {{key press|backspace}}, advance the line feed by half a line and type a period again. Alternatively hold the spacer and type periods as you advance the roller‐platen. Repeat as appropriate. For a denser vertical line you can also employ the colon ({{code|:}}).
; {{anchor|solid lines}} lines, solid, horizontal or vertical
: Some typewriters have a groove in the typing mask. Place a pen here and move the carriage for horizontal lines (hold the carriage release for that), or {{em|retreat}} the paper for vertical lines ({{em|advancing}} the paper can make it difficult to see where to stop).
; {{anchor|perforation}} perforation
: To perforate thin enough paper&amp;nbsp;– e.&amp;#8239;g. a reply form beneath a letter body or phone number strips to tear from a bulletin board posting&amp;nbsp;– use [[#dotted lines|dotted lines]] with {{em|even less}} spacing. Due to their small face area it is usually not necessary to apply extra force when typing. Consider selecting the non‐printing stencil mode or removing the ribbon since the ink is usually not necessary.
; {{anchor|space out}} space out
: Many typewriters actually advance in {{em|two}} steps. Upon pressing any printing key (including {{key press|space}}, excluding “dead” keys) the carriage (or type head) advances by one half character width, and once {{em|all}} keys are released the carriage advances {{em|another}} half character width. This semi‐step mechanics can be utilized to add horizontal space, esp. desirable in [[#caps lock|all‐caps titles]]. First, type a character as usual. Next hit {{em|and hold}} the {{key press|spacer}}. This “adds” just {{em|one half}} of space. Now type the next character. Release the {{key press|spacer}} and strike it as usual. Repeat these steps as appropriate. Should this mechanism not supported by your typewriter, resort to [[#letterspacing|letterspacing]]. Letterspacing, however, adds {{em|too much}} horizontal space.

[[Image: Olympia typewriter - German keyboard layout-9609.jpg|thumb|alt=A lever next to black, white and red-colored spots.|Example color selector. If loaded correctly, in this setting the black part of the ribbon prints.]]
=== markup ===
Markup options are severely limited, yet they are {{em|not}} none.
; {{anchor|bold}} bold
: To some degree bold text can be produced by typing the same letters again. Use the {{key press|backspace}} to return to the starting position. On the other hand this may increase the likelihood of punching through the paper (e.&amp;#8239;g. creating holes). You can always simply manually retrace the character with a pen after you have finished typing the page.
; {{anchor|colors}} colors
: There are dual‐colored ribbons and typewriters that allow selecting between the top and bottom portion of the ribbon. Note that carbon copies remain monochrome regardless.
; {{anchor|double underlining}} double underlining
: Advance either one whole or just one half line. Use the equal &lt;!-- no link to [[#equal sign]] because it would be awfully inconvenient --&gt; sign {{code|1==}} to produce double underlines. Hit and hold {{code|1==}}, depress the space bar and hit {{code|1==}} again, release both keys and repeat as appropriate. If you have advanced {{em|just one half line}}, you may want to skip underlining for descenders ({{code|g}}, {{code|j}}, {{code|p}}, {{code|q}}, {{code|y}}, and possibly parentheses, {{code|f}} and the capital {{code|Q}}, too).
: Alternatively, use the same method as [[#underlining|underlining]] twice, with vertical displacement applied to the second time. The vertical distance between the underlines may be considered too wide, though.
; {{anchor|overlining}} overlining
: See [[#underlining|underlining]] except that the underline is produced for the preceding line and you may want to skip any inch signs ({{code|&quot;}}). Keep in mind that overlining may be confused for underlining.
; {{anchor|strike|strikethrough}} strikethrough
: The underscore used for [[#underlining|underlining]] cannot necessarily be aligned properly. Instead use the hyphen‐dash. However, the dash is too short, you need to hit and hold the dash, then hold the space bar and hit the dash {{em|again}}. Now release both keys and repeat as appropriate.
; {{anchor|subscript}} subscript
: Advance the paper by half a line. This requires turning the roller‐drum manually; the lever advances the paper by at least one whole line and you may accidentally move the carriage, too. When you are done, turn the roller‐platen back by half a line. In {{em|proper}} typesetting the [[#typeface|font]] size has to be reduced, too, but this cannot be achieved with a typewriter.
; {{anchor|superscript}} superscript
: See [[#subscript|§ subscript]], taking into consideration that you roll back the paper by half a line {{em|upward}}.
; {{anchor|typeface}} typefaces
: There are typewriters that have replaceable type heads; spheres or discs are common forms. In other typewriters the typeface is an integral part. If the typeface conveys meaning&amp;nbsp;– such as variable names in mathematics and sciences&amp;nbsp;– consider writing them with a pen by hand.
; {{anchor|underlining}} underlining
: Many typewriters feature an underscore character ({{code|_}}). This character is wide enough so repeatedly striking it creates one {{em|continuous}} underline. You may want to consider skipping descenders ({{code|g}}, {{code|j}}, {{code|p}}, {{code|q}}, {{code|y}}, and possibly parentheses, {{code|f}} and the capital {{code|Q}}, too). See also [[#double underlining|double underlining]] and [[#solid lines|solid lines]].
; {{anchor|zig‐zag underlining}} underlining, zig‐zag
: A zig‐zag underline may be achieved by stringing [[#caret|carets ({{code|^}})]] together in the next line at a semi‐step.

{{helpful hint
| title = symbol curiosity
| hint  = [[Image: German typewriter 'Torpedo' from WWII with double Siegrune symbol of the SS (Schutzstaffel) instead of number &quot;zero&quot;.jpg|frameless|alt=A key of a typewriter labeled with a rune double S symbol instead of a zero.]]
In {{abbr|Nazi|National Socialist}} Germany typewriters with dedicated “lightning‐bolt” {{lang|de|{{abbr|SS|Schutzstaffel}}|italic=unset}} types were in use. Few even featured a &lt;span title='swastika' style='display: inline-block; transform: rotate(45deg);'&gt;࿕&lt;/span&gt; key.
}}
=== characters ===
Through clever combination and positioning, you can type more characters than 40‐something keys/types provide, sort of.
These are all {{em|workarounds}} and do {{em|not}} meet the quality standards in {{em|professional}} typography.
{{CompactTOC8
| name        = character name
| center      = yes
| a           = [[#CHARACTER-A|A]]
| b           = [[#CHARACTER-B|B]]
| c           = [[#CHARACTER-C|C]]
| d           = [[#CHARACTER-D|D]]
| e           = [[#CHARACTER-E|E]]
| f           = [[#CHARACTER-F|F]]
| g           =                G
| h           = [[#CHARACTER-H|H]]
| i           = [[#CHARACTER-I|I]]
| j           =                J
| k           =                K
| l           = [[#CHARACTER-L|L]]
| m           = [[#CHARACTER-M|M]]
| n           =                N
| o           = [[#CHARACTER-O|O]]
| p           = [[#CHARACTER-P|P]]
| q           = [[#CHARACTER-Q|Q]]
| r           = [[#CHARACTER-R|R]]
| s           = [[#CHARACTER-S|S]]
| t           = [[#CHARACTER-T|T]]
| u           = [[#CHARACTER-U|U]]
| v           =                V
| w           =                W
| x           =                X
| y           =                Y
| z           = [[#CHARACTER-Z|Z]]
}}
; {{anchor|CHARACTER-A}} {{anchor|á}} á
: Hit {{code|´}}. This is usually a “dead key”, that means it does not advance the carriage. Now type {{code|a}}. Evidently, this opposite the customary writing order: using a pen the base letter is written first and accents are added second.
; {{anchor|â}} â
: Hit {{code|´}} and {{code|`}}; this is usually one “dead key”, that means it does not advance the carriage or type head. Now type {{code|a}}.
; {{anchor|æ}} æ
: Hit and hold {{code|a}}, press the space bar and release {{code|a}} and type an {{code|e}}. Note that the majuscule Æ cannot be produced in this fashion.
; {{anchor|ampersand}} ampersand
: See [[#et ligature|&amp;]].
; {{anchor|apostrophe|’}} ’
: Most of the time you simply use the straight tick ({{code|'}}), but to get a nine‐shaped apostrophe type a [[#superscript|raised]] comma. In German the apostrophe is also known as {{lang|de|Hochkomma}}, literally meaning high comma.
; {{anchor|eight-spoked asterisk|✳}} ✳
: With a sans‐serif{{noprint|1={{hover info|without serifs (serifs are additional lines, e.&amp;#x202F;g. horizontal lines added to a capital eye {{code|I}})}}}} typeface you can superimpose a {{code|+}} and {{code|x}}. It looks more {{em|rectangular}} than round though.
; {{anchor|at|@}} @
: {{em|At}} is conventionally substituted by an {{code|a}} overlaid with a slash {{code|/}}. Obviously without the arc it does not look anything like the {{code|@}} sign. You may want to consider spelling out the word {{em|at}} instead.
; {{anchor|CHARACTER-B}} {{anchor|¦|broken bar}} ¦
: If the straight apostrophe is long enough, but not too long, type a {{code|'}}, {{key press|backspace}}, advance the platen by half a line and type another {{code|'}}. Scroll back by one half line before you continue writing.
; {{anchor|bullet|◦}} ◦
: Just type an {{mono|o}}.
; {{anchor|CHARACTER-C}} {{anchor|ç}} ç
: It may not produce a satisfactory result but you can try combining {{code|c}} with a comma ({{code|,}}).
; {{anchor|©}} ©
: The copyright sign is conventionally approximated as [[wikt:(c)|{{code|(c)}}]].
; {{anchor|care of|℅}} ℅
: Reverse the paper by one half line, hit and hold {{code|c}}, press the space bar, advance the paper by one half line, type a {{code|/}}, release all keys and type one&amp;nbsp;{{code|o}}.
; {{anchor|caret}} ‸
: Advance to the next line, hit {{code|´}} and {{code|`}}; this is usually one “dead key”, that means it does not advance the carriage. 
: Alternatively, finish writing the page, load the paper again upside‐down, disable line snap, and after careful adjustment type a {{code|v}}.
; {{anchor|cent}} ¢
: The cent sign is substituted by overlaying the minuscule {{code|c}} with a forward slash {{code|/}}. The {{em|proper}} glyph has a {{em|vertical}} line sticking out by the same amount at the top and bottom. Considering spelling out the word {{em|cent}} if the reader may not recognize the substitution as&amp;nbsp;{{code|¢}}.
; {{anchor|commercial minus sign|٪|⁒}} ⁒, ٪
: Roll back by one half line, hit and hold period {{code|.}}, depress the space bar and release the period, advance the paper by one half line, type a slash {{code|/}}, release all keys and type one final period {{code|.}}.
; {{anchor|CHARACTER-D}} {{anchor|đ}} đ
: The version with a stroke through the (upper) stem can be achieved this way: Hit and hold {{code|d}}, press the space bar, release {{code|d}}, and type a {{code|t}}.
; {{anchor|Đ}} Đ
: Hit and hold dash ({{code|-}}), press and hold the spacer, release the dash key, and type a capital {{code|D}}.
; {{anchor|db|ȸ}} ȸ
: Press and hold {{code|d}}, press and hold the spacer, release the {{code|d}} and type a {{code|b}}.
; {{anchor|degree|°}} °
: The degree sign is approximated by a [[#superscript|superscript]] {{code|o}} (minuscule oh). A {{em|perfectionist}} may hold and turn the roller‐platen knob {{em|slightly}} backward.
; {{anchor|division sign|÷}} ÷
: It may not produce satisfactory results, but try to overlay a colon ({{code|:}}) with any of the horizontal lines.
; {{anchor|dollar sign|$}} $
: A single stroke dollar character can be substituted by overlaying the {{code|S}} with a slash ({{code|/}}).
; {{anchor|double dagger|‡}} ‡
: Type a plus {{code|+}}, hit {{key press|backspace}}, roll back the paper by half a line and type {{code|+}} again. There may be a small gap between the plus signs. Advance the paper by half a line to return to the baseline.
; {{anchor|CHARACTER-E}} {{anchor|emdash}} em dash
: An em dash ({{code|—}}) can be approximated by hitting and holding the hyphen‐dash key, pressing the space bar and then hitting the dash key again. Release both keys and hit the dash key one more time. If efficiency is more important, simply striking {{code|-}} three times will do.
; {{anchor|endash}} en dash
: An en dash ({{code|–}}) can be approximated by hitting and holding the hyphen‐dash key, pressing the space bar and then hitting the dash key again. Note that a parenthetical en dash usually needs to be surrounded by space.
: Alternatively, if available and wide enough, consider the [[#superscript|raised]] underscore ({{code|_}}) the en dash character.
: If efficiency matters, simply type {{code|-}} twice {{em|without}} going great lengths at making the dashes overlap.
; {{anchor|equal sign}} =
: Some models lack a proper equal sign. Type a dash {{code|-}}, use the {{key press|backspace}}, now firmly hold the roller‐platen knob and advance the paper {{em|just}} a {{em|tiny}} bit ({{em|before}} it snaps to the next position), and type a dash again.
; {{anchor|et|et ligature}} &amp;
: This character is conventionally expanded to {{mono|et}}, the Latin word for {{em|and}}.
; {{anchor|exclamation point}} !
: If the straight apostrophe {{em|is long enough}}, you can overlay {{code|'}} with a period ({{code|.}}).
; {{anchor|CHARACTER-F}} {{anchor|ff|ﬀ}} ﬀ
: Hit and hold {{code|f}}, press space, and type {{code|f}} again.
; {{anchor|ffi|ﬃ}} ﬃ
: Hit and hold {{code|f}}, press space, type {{code|f}} again, release both keys and type an {{code|i}}.
; {{anchor|ffl|ﬄ}} ﬄ
: Hit and hold {{code|f}}, press space, type {{code|f}} again, release both keys and type an {{code|l}}.
; {{anchor|fi|ﬁ}} ﬁ
: Hit and hold {{code|f}}, press space, release {{code|f}} and type an {{code|i}}.
; {{anchor|fl|ﬂ}} ﬂ
: Hit and hold {{code|f}}, press space, release {{code|f}} and type an {{code|l}}.
; {{anchor|CHARACTER-H}} {{anchor|hash}} hash
: See [[#octothorp|octothorp]].
; {{anchor|CHARACTER-I}} {{anchor|infinity|∞}} ∞
: With a sans‐serif typeface you may get an acceptable result by combining {{code|o}}, {{code|x}}, {{code|o}} at a semi step width.
; {{anchor|interrobang|‽}} ‽
: By overlaying {{code|!}} and {{code|?}} you get {{code|‽}}.
; {{anchor|CHARACTER-L}} {{anchor|ł|barred l}} ł
: It does not look like the proper character, but overlay {{code|l}} with a slash.
; {{anchor|Ł|barred L}} Ł
: It does not look like the proper character, but overlay {{code|L}} with a slash.
; {{anchor|CHARACTER-M}} {{anchor|minus|−}} minus
: A minus sign ({{code|−}}) is rendered using a hyphen‐dash ({{code|-}}) or an [[#endash|en dash]]. The important thing is that the line is at the same height as the horizontal in {{code|+}}. See also [[#commercial minus sign|⁒]].
; {{anchor|multiplication|times|×}} multiplication
: The multiplication cross ({{code|×}}) is rendered using the regular character {{code|x}}. This works best with typefaces without serifs. Of course an {{code|x}} may be confused for {{em|the variable}} {{code|x}}. Alternatively use a multiplication dot by typing a period ({{code|.}}); a [[#superscript|superscript]] period does not work, though, hence the period stays at the baseline.
; {{anchor|CHARACTER-O}} {{anchor|Ø|∅︀}} Ø, ∅︀
: Type capital {{code|O}}, use the {{key press|backspace}} to return to the previous position and type the forward slash {{code|/}}. The corresponding minuscule ø, however, cannot be produced this way, at least not in a satisfactory manner.
; {{anchor|ɵ}} ɵ
: Overlay an {{code|o}} with an {{code|e}}: Type an {{code|o}}, then {{key press|backspace}} and type an {{code|e}}.
; {{anchor|octothorp}} #
: Press and hold {{code|1==}}, press the space bar and type {{code|1==}} again. {{key press|Backspace}} and hit and hold {{code|/}}, press the space bar and type {{code|/}} again.
: A tall upright octothorp can be achieved with pluses: Press and hold {{code|+}}, press and hold the space bar, now type a {{code|+}} again. After releasing all keys, {{key press|backspace}} and repeat the previous step as [[#superscript|superscripted]] text. However, there may be a small gap between the plus sign rows.
; {{anchor|œ}} œ
: Hit and hold {{code|o}}, press the space bar and release {{code|o}} and type an {{code|e}}.
; {{anchor|Œ}} Œ
: Same procedure as [[#œ|œ]] just with capital letters.
; {{anchor|one}} one
: The digit {{code|1}} may be missing. Type a minuscule ell ({{code|l}}) instead. In Roman numerals a {{em|one}} is still typed as a capital eye ({{code|I}}).
; {{anchor|CHARACTER-P}} {{anchor|℗}} ℗
: The sound recording copyright sign is conventionally approximated as {{mono|(P)}}.
; {{anchor|per cent}} %
: The per cent sign is conventionally substituted with {{mono|o/o}}.
; {{anchor|percent}} ‰
: The per mille sign is conventionally substituted with {{mono|o/oo}}.
; {{anchor|plus}} +
: If the straight apostrophe ({{code|'}}) is long enough, place two of them above each other combined with a dash&amp;nbsp;({{code|-}}).
: A makeshift plus is achieved by overlaying the dash ({{code|-}}) with a slash ({{code|/}}). This is more acceptable in combination with italic type faces.
; {{anchor|pound sign|pound sterling|£}} £
: The pound sign is substituted by an {{code|L}} overlaid with a dash ({{code|-}}). In some typefaces it may look like an {{code|E}} with its top bar missing, though.
: In some typefaces {{code|L}} overlaid by an {{code|f}} may be more appealing.
; {{anchor|CHARACTER-Q}} {{anchor|quotation marks}} quotation marks
: Virtually all typewriters lack proper quotation marks ({{abbr|AE|American English}}: “…”; {{abbr|BE|British English}}: ‘…’). The inch sign ({{code|&quot;}}) or straight apostrophe ({{code|'}}) are used instead. Some languages use lowered quotation marks ({{lang|de|„Abc ‚def‘ ghi“|italic=unset}}): advancing by one half line works, but&amp;nbsp;– beside being inconvenient&amp;nbsp;– it may look just ugly, so the English quotations are used nonetheless.
; {{anchor|CHARACTER-R}} {{anchor|ℝ}} ℝ
: Hit and hold capital {{code|I}}, depress the space bar and release the {{code|I}} key, now type a capital {{code|R}}. However, on some typewriters the stems of {{code|I}} and {{code|R}} may be exactly on top of each other, so you type {{mono|IR}} with regular spacing instead. Note, for {{em|consistent}} style&amp;nbsp;– if other similar characters such as ℚ are used in a document&amp;nbsp;– consider writing this character manually.
; {{anchor|response}} ℟
: Hit and hold capital {{code|R}}, depress the space bar and release the {{code|R}} key, and now type a slash ({{code|/}}).
; {{anchor|CHARACTER-S}} {{anchor|semicolon|;}} ;
: A semicolon can be produced by overlaying the comma {{code|,}} and colon {{code|:}}. Type a comma, use the {{key press|backspace}}, and type the colon.
; {{anchor|root|square root|√}} √
: Advance the paper by half a line. Press and hold the {{key press|space}} key, type a {{code|v}}. After releasing all keys undo advancing the paper. Now type a {{code|/}}. The terms in the root are [[#overlining|overlined]].
; {{anchor|ﬆ}} ﬆ
: Combine {{code|s}} and {{code|t}} a half step apart.
; {{anchor|star}} ✶
: Something {{em|resembling}} a six‐pointed star is achieved by overprinting capital {{code|A}} with a {{code|v}}. See also [[#eight-spoked asterisk|eight‐spoked asterisk]].
; {{anchor|CHARACTER-T}} {{anchor|thorn|þ}} þ
: The stems may not align perfectly, but try overlaying {{code|b}} and {{code|p}}.
; {{anchor|CHARACTER-U}} {{anchor|unequal}} ≠
: Overlay [[#equal sign|{{code|1==}}]] with {{code|/}}.
; {{anchor|upward arrow from bar|↥}} ↥
: This is not necessarily suitable for all typefaces: Hit {{code|´}} and {{code|`}}; this is usually one “dead key”, that means it does not advance the carriage. Now type an ell ({{code|l}}).
; {{anchor|CHARACTER-Z}} {{anchor|ℤ}} ℤ
: Type overlapping {{code|Z}}’s.
; {{anchor|zero}} zero
: Many typewriters do not have a dedicated digit zero key. The zero is produced by typing a capital Oh instead. This allows the manufacturer to provide another character. For a slashed zero, see [[#∅︀|∅︀]].
If a character cannot be printed, you need to do it by hand.
In order to not accidentally miss any unprinted characters, there are small adhesive flags you can stick on the paper.

== standards ==
{{wikipedia|list of style guides}}
This section showcases standard‐compliant writing emphasizing the proper use of the typewriter.
{{editor note|This section can be extended: indictment, screenplay, academic essays, as long as it is (or was) formally standardized it fits.}}
{{wikibook|Professional and Technical Writing/Business Communications/Letters}}
=== DIN‐Norm 5008 business letter ===
Among writing instructions, the {{lang|de|{{abbr|DIN|Deutsches Institut für Normung}}‐Norm 5008|italic=unset}} (German Institute for Standardization Standard 5008) defines the page layout.
The page layout is tailored to a {{lang|de|{{abbr|DIN|Deutsches Institut für Normung}} A4|italic=unset}} sheet;
this is 210&amp;nbsp;{{abbr|mm|millimeters}}&amp;#x202F;×&amp;#x202F;297&amp;nbsp;{{abbr|mm|millimeters}}.

There is one line reserved for a return address.
Because the line length is 75&amp;nbsp;{{abbr|mm|millimeters}}, printing a return address in practice necessitates a smaller [[#typeface|font]], hence it is {{em|not}} written {{em|with}} a typewriter.

At 6&amp;nbsp;{{abbr|lpi|lines per inch}} there are exactly two blank lines between the information and text frame.
Paragraphs are separated by one blank line.
The text width is 165&amp;nbsp;{{abbr|mm|millimeters}}
At 10&amp;nbsp;{{abbr|cpi|characters per inch}} you can fit 64.96 characters.

If you want to fold the letter, you have a {{em|purely esthetic&lt;!-- alt. US spelling, see [[wikt:esthetic]] --&gt;}} problem:
a fold across the text (and {{abbr|btw|by the way}} the signature) is ugly.
Folds are supposed to run {{em|between}} any two lines.
However, the middle segment of a folded {{lang|de|{{abbr|DIN|Deutsches Institut für Normung}}‐Norm 5008|italic=unset}} business letter page has a height of 105&amp;nbsp;mm.
At 6&amp;nbsp;{{abbr|lpi|lines per inch}} it is not possible to find a configuration ensuring the folds are {{em|between}} the lines.
Therefore, {{em|esthetically tolerable}} business letters conforming to {{lang|de|{{abbr|DIN|Deutsches Institut für Normung}}‐Norm 5008|italic=unset}} are {{em|only one page}} long.
To economize on space, only form&amp;nbsp;A is presented.

; {{anchor|5008 Cella}} Robotron S&amp;nbsp;1001 Cella
:# [[Image: 20260128loremIpsumBusinessLetterFollowingDeutschesInstitutFuerNormungStandard5008typeAtypewrittenWithRobotronCella.png|thumb|alt=A sample text letter obeying to certain rules.|{{abbr|POC|proof of concept}}: A typewritten business letter.]] Set the [[#margins|margins]]. The left‐hand margin is set at 11, the right‐hand margin at 74. There is space for 64 characters.
:# Load the paper. The left‐hand edge should be at 0.5 characters on the paper bail. For that use the (white on black) margin ruler. The left‐hand edge should be at the 1&amp;nbsp;tick. Prefer to slightly cover the mark. Before disengaging the paper release, flip down the paper support and pull the paper to the back, away from you. Both ends of the paper should lay on top of each other.
:# Now scroll back the paper so its top edge {{em|is}} barely visible through the ridge in the typing mask. Possibly you need to repeat the previous step.
:# Advance so you have 7 blank lines. The cursor is now in the return address line. You have 29 character positions at your disposal. The next 9&amp;nbsp;lines are for the actual inside address.
:# Advance by one line. This line and the next two lines are meant for postal instructions. It is also the first line of the data frame. To get to the data frame, press {{key press|⇥}} four times and depress and hold the spacer. The cursor is at 49. Start typing from here up to 29 characters. The data frame consists of exactly 12 lines.
:# After the data frame leave (exactly) two blank lines. For the letter body you have 48 lines of vertical space left, the descenders{{noprint|1={{hover info|lines that extend below the baseline (the line characters “sit” on)}}}} of the 48{{sup|th}} line already being clipped if you can even manage to keep the paper in place. Avoid using the final 6&amp;nbsp;lines&amp;nbsp;(1&amp;#x202F;&quot;) just in general.
:# For the signature reserve (at least) three blank lines.
:# For right‐aligned double‐digit page numbering of the form {{mono|Page 12 of 34}}, press {{key press|⇥}} five times and {{key press|space}} three times. Press {{key press|space}} another two times for single‐digit page numbering.

== references ==
{{to do|{{em|Possibly}} generic references, data lookup tables.}}
== further reading ==
{{wikibook|Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Vocational/Typewriting}}
* {{PDFlink|[[:File: Practical typewriting - by the all-finger method, which leads to operation by touch (IA practicaltypewri00torr).pdf|Practical typewriting]]|12.26&amp;nbsp;{{abbr|MiB|mebibyte}}}}
* {{PDFlink|[[:File: New practical typewriting. (IA newpracticaltype00unse).pdf|New practical typewriting]]|16.38&amp;nbsp;{{abbr|MiB|mebibyte}}}}
* {{PDFlink|[[:File: A scientific course in typewriting (IA scientificcourse00depe).pdf|A scientific course in typewriting]]|5.1&amp;nbsp;{{abbr|MiB|mebibyte}}}}
&lt;!--
== sources ==
&lt;ref&gt;
&lt;/ref&gt;
--&gt;
{{alphabetical}}
{{one-page book}}
{{shelves|trades}}&lt;!-- “typist” as (virtually extinct) profession; irrelevant to secretaries nowadays --&gt;
{{status|0%}}
{{subjects|communication|written communication}}
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      <sha1>hoh9vd7ynmiqho97pyxzf9pngo6osyl</sha1>
    </revision>
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      <id>4653472</id>
      <parentid>4653466</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-10T08:58:11Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Kai Burghardt</username>
        <id>153973</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* about */ refine object, mention American English preference /* legacy */ explain monospace, state expectation /* spools */ insert word “portable” /* loading paper */ substitute “ink blots” with “ink smears” /* strokes */ resolve [[Category: Pages with syntax highlighting errors]] /* hanging punctuation */ add some information /* á */ insert missing word “is” /* apostrophe */ change wording “high comma” → “elevated comma” /* ɵ */ do not type too hard /* octothorp */ describe a narrower version</comment>
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{{displaytitle|title=𝚃𝚢𝚙𝚎𝚠𝚛𝚒𝚝𝚒𝚗𝚐}}
Typewriters are machines that can be used to print texts on paper.
Today, typewriters are obsolete technology;
they are uneconomic and have been superseded by electronic devices.

== about ==
{{IPA notice}}&lt;!-- transcription of word platen --&gt;
{{reading level|intermediate}}
In the heyday of typewriters hundreds of books were written on typewriting.
Unfortunately, when typewriters fell out of favor many people simply threw them away.
It may be difficult to find and get a copy.
This collaboratively edited Wikibook attempts to address the demand.
Typewriter enthusiasts around the world have created and shared thousands upon thousands of instructional videos.
We are glad you are considering reading an easily searchable textbook instead or to supplement video instructions.
; learning objective
: skillful use of non‐specialized &lt;!-- stenographic typewriters used by court reporters, Braille typewriters used by blind people  --&gt; non‐ancient &lt;!-- not first generation --&gt; typewriters designed to type up general documents in English
; target audience
: seeing and hearing adults
; not covered in this Wikibook
: This book is {{em|not}} &lt;!-- the {{em}} template is used so a text search for a straight/typewriter apostrophe yields more relevant results --&gt; about [[How to Type|touchtyping]], the skill of typing without looking at the keys (sometimes by layman also called {{em|typewriting}}), because it is a largely transferable skill (cmp. [[#legacy|§&amp;nbsp;legacy]]). This book does not provide product guidance, choosing the right typewriter that suits your needs. Only very mundane “artistic” use is described, not like “ASCII art” or similar.
; structure
: top‐down: general instructions, then delve into details; &lt;!-- in the spirit of Wikibooks ain’t paper --&gt; a lot of information is repeated multiple times so you may refer to sections in a handbook manner; {{em|strictly}} continuous reading from stem to stern should not be necessary
; guidelines for co‐authors
: there are hundreds upon hundreds of (printed) books on typewriting, what makes this book different is extensive hyperlinking; note that Wikibooks holds back on interwiki (and interbook) linking, this book has to be self‐contained; write one sentence per physical line to facilitate readable diffs; use {{abbr|AE|American English}} spelling and grammar but indicate interchangeable vocabulary like this: elevator{{sup|{{abbr|AE|American English}}}}/lift{{sup|{{abbr|BE|British English}}}}

&lt;!-- limit = 3 corresponds to &lt;h3&gt; [h3 being inclusive] --&gt;{{TOC|limit=3}}{{clear}}
== typewriting ==
This section provides some background information.
Feel free to [[#supplies|skip it entirely]].
Note, similar to {{em|computer}}, a {{em|typewriter}} can refer to a person {{em|using}} a machine called {{em|typewriter}};
however, {{em|this}} use is&amp;nbsp;– just like the word {{em|computer}} referring to a person&amp;nbsp;– deemed archaic.

[[Image: Schreibmaschinen-Typen.jpg|thumb|alt=An array of levers featuring mirrored outlines of characters.|Terminology: In the (type) basket one (type) bar with a (type) slug at its top end is raised.]]
=== legacy ===
&lt;!-- This section is about the legacy left {{em|by the machine}}. The habits people adopted and still show&amp;nbsp;– such as writing abbreviations without intervening spaces {{mono|e.g.}}&amp;nbsp; are not considered legacy for the purposes of this section. --&gt;
* To this day ({{as of|2026|alt=2026&amp;nbsp;{{abbr|CE|common era}}}}) {{em|almost all computer keyboards}} use a {{em|staggered}} keyboard layout{{noprint|1={{hover info|the specific physical arrangement of keys}}}}, even though
** there is no mechanical need for that (there are no levers),
** there is not any consumer demand (anymore) to ease the transition {{em|from a typewriter}} to a computer keyboard,
** nor is it natural for humans’ fingers to move laterally.
* Although there is no chance that levers collide and and get jammed, the predominant key mappings{{noprint|1={{hover info|the assignment of keys to characters or functions}}}} are based on the typewriter keyboard mapping. {{em|One}} of the considerations for the predominant typewriter “QWERTY” key mapping is that when typing fast {{em|physically}} near type bars may get [[#jam|jammed]], hence pulling apart common character combinations reduced the chance of jams.
* On computer keyboards the {{key press|shift}} key is still called {{key press|shift}} even though it does not shift anything. On actual typewriters the {{key press|shift}} key {{em|actually moves}} the basket&amp;nbsp;– the entirety of the assembly holding the type bars together&amp;nbsp;– or carriage&amp;nbsp;– the unit that holds the paper.
* Key tops are labeled as if there was only one key mapping. In fact the keyboard mapping can be changed electronically, the key labeled {{key press|D}} producing an {{code|A}} is no problem. There is no {{em|mechanical}} connection between the key {{key press|D}} producing a {{code|D}}.
* First a mechanical simplification utilized in typewriters, monospace{{noprint|1={{hover info|every character occupies the same amount of space as the other}}}} typefaces are still in use in some domains {{as of|2026|alt=to this day}}. You would think that once technology became advanced enough, i.&amp;#x202F;e. supported proportional{{noprint|1={{hover info|characters occupy only as much space as necessary}}}} fonts{{noprint|1={{hover info|software used to generate typefaces}}}}, the typewriter baggage simply dies out, yet this is not the case.

=== preference ===
Few authors of novels&amp;nbsp;– and not necessarily just those who grew up in the prime days of typewriters&amp;nbsp;– claim they used typewriters because it facilitated and matched their authoring workflow.
A {{em|typescript}} (typewritten manuscript) has the benefit that a publisher can perform {{abbr|OCR|optical character recognition}}, the computerized extraction of text from scanned images.

== supplies ==
Typewriters need paper and ink, and not just any paper and ink.
(Preparing masters for [[#hectography|hectography]]&amp;nbsp;– a small batch replication method&amp;nbsp;– is also possible, but {{as of|2026|lc=lc}} not explained in this book.)

[[Image: Hermes Rocket 1959 type specimen.png|thumb|alt=All letters a typewriter can produce next to a ruler marked in centimeters and inch.|Upon closer inspection the blot of white ink can be identified.]]
=== paper ===
==== color ====
Should you want to be able to correct typing mistakes with correction fluids or tapes, use {{em|white}} paper because the correction fluid or tape is {{em|primarily}} available in white.
Thus correcting typing mistakes on 100% recycling paper results in unsightly bright white spots, unnecessarily {{em|drawing}} the attention to the fact that you typed something wrong and had to correct it.
Other methods to correct typing mistakes are not as sensitive to the paper’s color;
still you get the best photocopies with white paper.

==== grammage ====
Typewriters can print on paper that has a certain range of grammage.
{{em|Grammage}} refers to the mass per area.
* If the paper is too thin, glyphs with eyes such as {{code|D}} or {{code|o}} may punch holes into the sheet. Less than about 75&amp;nbsp;{{abbr|gsm|grams per square meter}} is too thin. It is possible to “just” type lightly, but this tends to produce quite faint lettering, too.
* If the paper is too thick, the paper might not {{em|reliably}} advance. Consider anything in the neighborhood of 300&amp;nbsp;{{abbr|gsm|grams per square meter}} too much. You {{em|can}} still help push and hold your paper with a hand, e.&amp;#8239;g. for one‐time prints like business or place cards, however, the typewriter’s platen‐roller also {{em|curls}} the paper.
The most abundant retail paper has a grammage of 80&amp;nbsp;{{abbr|gsm|grams per square meter}} or 90&amp;nbsp;{{abbr|gsm|grams per square meter}}, so it is easy to obtain.
If you intend to produce carbon copies, choose the thinner paper of the two.

==== dimensions ====
{{anchor|maximum length}}
There is no actual {{em|maximum length}}&amp;nbsp;– length referring to the secondary writing direction (for Latin‐based scripts like English usually downward).
Otherwise, there are maximum and minimum dimensions for sheets.

{{anchor|maximum width}}
The {{em|maximum width}} is dictated by the paper feed slot.
Keep in mind that the typewriter may not be able to type all the way to the (physically imposed) margins, neither is there usually any need.

{{anchor|minimum size}}
The {{em|minimum size}} needs to be tested.
If the paper is too small, it does not advance reliably, maybe even gets skewed because there is no sufficient grip.
It is recommended to simply write on a large sheet and {{em|cut it down}} to the desired size when finished.
Another method is to use a backing sheet, a larger paper, and secure the smaller one with paperclips.

=== ink ===
{{noprint|1={{wikipedia|ink ribbon}}}}
The necessary ink is stored on ribbons.
There are two types, the typewriter accepting only one of them:
* plastic film on one side coated with carbon (at least {{em|originally}}; different mixtures were {{em|in use since}}, yet it is {{em|still}} referred to as “carbon”)
* textile ribbons tinctured with ink
Both are available with either correctable or indelible ink{{noprint|1={{hover info|indelible ink is typically employed if documents need to be tamper‐evident and remain easily legible in several decades}}}}.
And to add insult to injury, there are various ribbon widths.

{{helpful hint
| title = privacy
| hint  = Because of the gaps left on (correctable) carbon tapes, typed texts can usually be reconstructed, albeit without spaces and formatting.&lt;!-- Textile ribbons {{em|may}} suffer from the same problem only upon first use. --&gt;
}}
The plastic film comes in easy to install cartridges.
Since the carbon is transferred from the film to the paper, there are gaps:
this means the film is single use only.
Have replacement ready.

{{helpful hint
| title = re‐inking
| hint  = Ensure the ink dries before winding it up. Moisture and poor ventilation, i.&amp;#x202F;e. when wound up, facilitate grow of {{em|mold}}, another disadvantage.
}}
Textile ribbons deplete gradually.
They can be re‐inked (either automatically via a “sponge” or manually, although {{abbr|DIY|do it yourself}} can get pretty messy).
Unfortunately, textile ribbons also wear out.

=== accessories ===
Unavailable [[#characters|characters]] are augmented by hand.
Have a pen that matches the ink color and character line thickness.
To plan ahead [[#tabulation|tables]] or similar you may find graph paper&amp;nbsp;– paper with a 5&amp;nbsp;mm grid printed on it&amp;nbsp;– useful;
today, of course, you can use a computer and a text editor.

{{noprint|1={{wikipedia|correction fluid|correction tape|typewriter eraser}}}}&lt;!-- omitted from print because URLs get printed in full, too, wasting a lot of space --&gt;
Nobody is perfect.
Have correction fluid, correction tape, or razor/scalpel to [[#mistakes|delete typing mistakes]].
You can also use a special eraser, yet this produces detritus to be kept out of the machine.
Choose according to your requirements and preferences.

Alternatively, many electric typewriters can be equipped with a far more convenient correction tape.
There are two types:
* If a carbon‑C tape&amp;nbsp;– {{em|C}} stands for {{em|correctable}}&amp;nbsp;– is used, the ink can be removed with a lift‐off tape. This tape is comparable to adhesive tape.
* If {{em|indelible}} ink is used, there are whiteout tapes. They simply cover up the incorrect character; it is still there.

== operation ==
Typewriters are {{em|mechanical}} machines.
Some things may not work as smoothly as it used when the original manufacturer delivered them.
You may need to start with {{delink|[[#maintenance|maintenance]]}}.

=== environment ===
* A typewriter takes up space. Ensure the carriage can move all the way from left to right and you can still comfortably access the controls.
* The inertia of the carriage as it advances to the next character position may rock “light”‐weight portable typewriters enough to make them move on a smooth surface. Ensure you cannot easily push your typewriter sideways with your hand. Possibly place the typewriter on rubber like a place mat. Some rubber mat may be recommended anyway to decouple mechanical vibrations to some degree 
* There are exceptionally {{em|quiet}} typewriters (“noiseless”), but in general typewriters are annoyingly '''loud'''. For prolonged work consider wearing ear protection. This may also aid your ability to concentrate. The sound is nonetheless valuable feedback that you have [[#strokes|{{em|properly}} struck a key]].

=== preparation ===
Some models feature a carriage lock.
The carriage lock ensures the carriage does not move back and forth during transport.
The carriage invariably locks {{em|at the center}} position.
The carriage lock lever is at a hard to reach location to prevent accidental locking, e.&amp;#8239;g. near the feet.
It may take a while to find it.

=== loading the ribbon ===
For stencils loading a ribbon is not necessary, maybe you even need to remove the ribbon if the typewriter does not allow to select a stencil mode.
# Remove the cover. In some models you shift the frame toward you. In others you have to lift the cover. In some sophisticated models the cover is hinged and you need to push a latch pin.
# Load the ribbon as explained below.
# Install the cover.

[[Image: Silver-Reed SR 200 in red-9542.jpg|thumb|alt=A ribbon spool visible when the typewriter’s cover is removed.|The spools sits entirely on the pin.]]
[[Image: Farbbandführung Schreibmaschine Wanderer 35.jpg|thumb|alt=A ribbon only partially held in the ribbon carrier.|Another method: use only one tooth on each side.]]
==== spools ====
The ink ribbon’s ends are attached to two spools.
# To facilitate even wear, you may want to label the spool: place a sticker on what shall be designated the top, indicate the winding/unwinding direction and maybe write the loading date. If you are a power user&amp;nbsp;– someone who writes a lot with his typewriter on a regular basis&amp;nbsp;– and do not intend to unload the ink ribbon, you can skip this step.
# There are two reel tables with pins the size of the spools’ central hole. Unwind the ribbon a bit and place both spools on the pin so that the ribbon wind/unwind {{em|on the far side}}, the side that is closer to the roller‐platen. Do not twist the ribbon. If the correct spools are used, the pins should stick out at the top. If not, rotate the spools a bit and {{em|lightly}} push them down. Especially in portable typewriters you may feel that the spools snap.
# Except in {{em|very}} old typewriters, there are two arms extending from the reel table with vertical slits. They can be moved laterally. These are part of the reverser mechanism. Place the ribbon in the slits. When reaching either end of the ribbon, the typewriter keeps pulling the ribbon: in consequence the tension exerted by the ribbon on the arm triggers a ribbon feed reversal.
# Thread the ribbon into the ribbon carrier ({{abbr|a.&amp;#8239;k.&amp;#8239;a.|also known as}} shaker or vibrator), the window that raises and falls down as you type characters. Using both hands, grab a short segment of the ribbon in the middle. Like flossing your teeth, use your thumbs to stretch this segment. Move it between the ribbon carrier and typing mask. In models that swivel the carriage (instead of shifting the basket, the assembly unit that holds all the type bars), you may have better access by [[#caps lock|using the {{key press|caps lock}}]].
# When descending the ribbon, switch from pushing to pulling: pull the lower edge of the ribbon and guide the ribbon downward so the lower teeth of the ribbon carrier become covered.
# Finally push down the upper edge past the gap and gently pull it toward you. Now straighten the ribbon so the upper teeth are covered, too.
# Turn either spool to remove {{em|excess}} slack. A {{em|little}} bit of slack is harmless. Note that {{em|one}} of the spools can only be rotated in one direction. This is correct.

==== cartridges ====
{{empty section}}

=== margins ===
Typewriters almost always have at least one margin delimiter.
The margin controls the area in the primary writing direction&amp;nbsp;– the line length&amp;nbsp;– you can write on.
The right‐hand margin is the imaginary vertical line on the paper not to be crossed when typing a line.
The left‐hand margin is the imaginary vertical line on the paper at which you start typing, more specifically on the right‐hand side of the line.

{{helpful hint
| title = standardization
| hint = {{abbr|ISO|International Organization for Standardization}} standard 838 expects that the margin to be punched with holes has a width of {{nowrap|20 mm – 25 mm}} {{nowrap|(ca. ¾ in – 1 in)}}.
}}
==== pitch ====
Today, margin requirements are usually expressed as a length.
However, you will not find a ruler on your typewriter marked in, say, millimeters.

{{noprint|1={{wikipedia|pitch (typewriter)}}}}
There {{em|are}} few typewriters that advance horizontally only so much as the character really needs, e.&amp;#8239;g. an I&amp;nbsp;(eye) and l&amp;nbsp;(ell) is narrow, whereas&amp;nbsp;M advances a lot more.
By far most typewriters have a fixed {{em|pitch}}:
each character occupies exactly the same width as the other (“monospace”).

Horizontal pitch is expressed in {{em|character per inch}} (cpi), vertical pitch in {{em|lines per inch}} (lpi).
One inch is 25.4&amp;nbsp;{{abbr|mm|millimeters}}.
Take a ruler and align the zero mark with the zero mark on (any) ruler on the typewriter.
If the ruler marks inches, you can read the {{abbr|cpi|character per inch}} value directly at the 1&quot; mark.
For rulers with a millimeter scale, read the character count at 127&amp;nbsp;{{abbr|mm|millimeters}} and divide it by&amp;nbsp;5.
The most common pitches are 10 or 12&amp;nbsp;{{abbr|cpi|characters per inch}}.
Some typewriters allow switching between the two, especially if the typeface is exchangeable.
{{editor note|§ Calculating the margins: needs more details, is not easy to understand. Refactor this.}}
Knowing your machine’s pitch allows you to {{em|calculate}}
# the sheet’s width expressed in character positions,
# the margin widths expressed in character positions, and thus
# how many character positions you need to subtract.
{{example
| 1 = DIN 5008
| 2 = For example,
* an {{abbr|ISO|International Organization for Standardization}} standard 216 size A4 sheet (210&amp;nbsp;{{abbr|mm|millimeters}}&amp;#x202F;×&amp;#x202F;297&amp;nbsp;{{abbr|mm|millimeters}})
* is to be printed with a 10&amp;nbsp;{{abbr|cpi|character per inch}} (“pica”) machine
* leaving 25&amp;nbsp;{{abbr|mm|millimeters}} of margin on the left‐hand side and
* 20&amp;nbsp;{{abbr|mm|millimeters}} of margin on the right‐hand side.
# 210&amp;nbsp;{{abbr|mm|millimeters}}&amp;nbsp;× 10&amp;nbsp;{{abbr|cpi|character per inch}}&amp;nbsp;= 210&amp;nbsp;{{abbr|mm|millimeters}}&amp;nbsp;× 10&amp;nbsp;{{abbr|ch|characters}} ÷ 25.4&amp;nbsp;{{abbr|mm|millimeters}}&amp;nbsp;≈ 82.68&amp;nbsp;{{abbr|ch|characters}}
# &amp;#8199;25&amp;nbsp;{{abbr|mm|millimeters}}&amp;nbsp;× 10&amp;nbsp;{{abbr|cpi|character per inch}}&amp;nbsp;= &amp;#8199;25&amp;nbsp;{{abbr|mm|millimeters}}&amp;nbsp;× 10&amp;nbsp;{{abbr|ch|characters}} ÷ 25.4&amp;nbsp;{{abbr|mm|millimeters}}&amp;nbsp;≈ &amp;#8199;9.84&amp;nbsp;{{abbr|ch|characters}}
# &amp;#8199;20&amp;nbsp;{{abbr|mm|millimeters}}&amp;nbsp;× 10&amp;nbsp;{{abbr|cpi|character per inch}}&amp;nbsp;= &amp;#8199;20&amp;nbsp;{{abbr|mm|millimeters}}&amp;nbsp;× 10&amp;nbsp;{{abbr|ch|characters}} ÷ 25.4&amp;nbsp;{{abbr|mm|millimeters}}&amp;nbsp;≈ &amp;#8199;7.87&amp;nbsp;{{abbr|ch|characters}}
# 82.68&amp;nbsp;{{abbr|ch|characters}}&amp;nbsp;− 10&amp;nbsp;{{abbr|ch|characters}}&amp;nbsp;− 8&amp;nbsp;{{abbr|ch|characters}}&amp;nbsp;≈ &amp;#8199;64.68&amp;nbsp;{{abbr|ch|characters}}
Some models feature an adjustable paper guide:
This is an edge in the paper feed slot you can move laterally.
It has a pointy mark indicating the position on the ruler.

Using the calculated information you set the paper guide preferably at −10&amp;nbsp;{{abbr|ch|characters}}.
If not available, shift all values by a constant, preferably a multiple of&amp;nbsp;10.
}}

==== adjustment ====
Knowing the required margins expressed as a character count you can adjust them.
Some typewriters have an “automatic” margin function.
You press some magic button and simultaneously move the carriage to the first or last position a character should appear.

{{anchor|margin tabs}}
More often than not you need to set the margins yourself.
For that&amp;nbsp;– depending on the model&amp;nbsp;– depress or lift the margin tabs.
The margin tabs are located close to the margin ruler, a numbered scale, in non‐electric typewriters at the far end of the carriage or anywhere close to the platen‐roller.
You may see an arrow, triangular arrow heading pointing toward the numbered ruler, or just a vertical line.

In some models it is not necessary to actually push the tab down,
* if you are adjusting the left‐hand margin in the leftward direction, and
* if you are adjusting the right‐hand margin in the rightward direction.
You can simply push them laterally.

# Move the carriage to a central position. The margins cannot be adjusted past the current position lest unless [[#margin release|released]]. To move the carriage rightward you can just push it. For leftward movement you can&amp;nbsp;– beside repeatedly hitting {{key press|space}}&amp;nbsp;– find a carriage release lever.
# Move the margin tabs.

==== margin release ====
In normal operations the carriage cannot be moved beyond the currently set margins.
However, there is a {{em|margin release}}:
The {{key press|margin release}} may be labeled {{key press|⇼}}, {{key press|∷}} or just {{key press|MR}}.
Press the margin release key to move past either margin.
When you {{em|were}} stopped by the right‐hand margin, you may {{em|hear}} that the carriage {{em|advanced}} upon pressing the margin release key.

Once you have passed either margin, let go of the margin release.
You only need to press the margin release key
* to move {{em|rightward}} across the {{em|right‐hand}} margin, or
* to move {{em|leftward}} across the {{em|left‐hand}} margin.
The opposite direction,
* moving {{em|rightward}} across the {{em|left‐hand}} margin, and
* moving {{em|leftward}} across the {{em|right‐hand}} margin
is always “allowed”.
Essentially, the margin release is “reset” whenever you enter the designated text area.

=== loading paper ===
You need to feed your typewriter with paper.
Typewriters take sheets.
There are
* no sprockets to advance continuous paper with perforated borders that can be teared away, so
* continuous paper may slowly veer to either side because it is not perfectly aligned.
To some degree you can label envelopes for letters, too.

# Possibly wash your hands if you just loaded the ribbon. You do not want to get smears of ink on the paper before you even started.
# Move the carriage to a center position. Usually this {{em|should not matter}}, but in some machines the paper may get stuck. To move the carriage rightward you can just push it. For leftward movement you can&amp;nbsp;– beside repeatedly hitting {{key press|space}}&amp;nbsp;– find a release lever.
# Usually you type on one sheet at a time. However, if applicable, prepare the stack of paper. For carbon copies place one carbon sheet {{em|between}} each paper. The black side faces the sheet to print on. The characters on the top sheet get their ink from the ribbon. Ensure all sheets have the same orientation in case you are using papers with a letterhead already printed on it. Align the borders by tapping the stack edge first on the tabletop. Be careful as to not to crinkle the carbon sheets.
# Insert the paper(s). There is a slot on the far side of the platen{{noprint|1={{hover info|{{word|en|platen}} is pronounced {{IPA|/ˈplætən/}}, like “platten”}}}}. If you are using paper that has a letterhead already printed on it, the front page should face away from you and the top is fed first. For plain blank paper the direction does not matter. If there are any carbon sheets, their black sides have to face the platen.
# Disengage the line spacer. The line spacer defines how much you advance in the secondary writing direction. It is either a lever on the carriage next to some single‐digit marks, or you can pull out the platen‐roller knob (usually the left one).
# Turn the knob of the platen‐roller. There are usually two knobs, one on each side. The right‐hand platen knob is turned clockwise, the left‐hand platen knob counter‐clockwise. As you twist either knob, the paper should be drawn into the machine now. If not, you may be using too thick paper, or you need to ensure the paper release is disengaged. As the paper emerges on the other side, you may need to guide it below the paper bail. Return the bail bar back to its normal position.
# Turn either knob so that roughly 50% of the paper is not in yet, 50% of the paper already sticks out front. In some models you have to {{em|lift the paper bail}}, that is the bar sometimes with numbered marks and possibly rollers sitting on top of the already written on paper. In some models the paper slips right under it {{em|without further ado}}, in others you have to push it there.
# Ideally you notice that the edges of the paper, the one in the back and the one in front of it, {{em|align}} perfectly. Should the paper not be aligned perfectly, pinch the papers (both back and front) at the top edge. Engage the paper release. You can now move the paper freely. Shift them individually so the corners align. If your typewriter does not have a paper guide at its feed slot, pay also attention the paper bail: you probably want the paper’s edge to appear at a certain mark. Now pinch the the papers together again and gently pull up (against the roller‐platen). Cautiously disengage the paper release. When disengaged, let go of the paper. One last visual check: while the line snap is disengaged twist the platen knob back and forth, so at the top the front and rear end alternate. If you notice any raggedness, repeat this step.
# Turn the roller‐platen back to the first line you want to write in. Note, while it is possible to write at the very top of the sheet, writing all the way to the bottom of the page is not possible: some paper has to remain in the machine for sufficient grip, otherwise it gets out of place and your text lines become bent. If you need text to appear all the way to the bottom, use larger paper and cut it down when finished.
# Engage the line spacer, and optionally erect the paper stand. The paper stand is one or two bars you can lift behind the paper feed.

{{choice
| 1 = {{anchor|side}} Single‐sided vs. double‐sided
| 2 = 
Because of the {{em|embossing}} it creates on the other side, typewritten documents are usually {{em|single‐sided}} for {{em|purely esthetic&lt;!-- alt. US spelling, see [[wikt:esthetic]] --&gt; reasons}}. In some instances the front {{em|and back}} are always printed on, e.&amp;#x202F;g. a post card or a last will and testament (not exceeding two pages) so as to not raise any doubt that it was {{em|one}} document. (As a side bar, in some jurisdictions a will has to {{em|be handwritten}} or else certified by a notary public.) It is apparent that the thicker the paper, the less pronounced the imprint and thus more acceptable to write on both sides.
}}

=== typing ===
{{helpful hint
| title = hyphenation rules
| hint  = It is a sin to hyphenate across pages. In justified composition, at most two or three subsequent lines may be hyphenated.
}}
[[Image: Typewriter.JPG|thumb|alt=The left aspect of a typewriter.|Use the lever to advance the sheet and return the carriage to the left‐hand margin.]]
==== line ====
In most models, as you approach the right‐hand margin you will hear a bell ring.
Latin script typewriters are usually adjusted to ring the bell when you can still type at most 6&amp;#8239;–&amp;#8239;8&amp;nbsp;{{abbr|ch|characters}}.
This is a good point in time to consider wrapping the line.
If the margin is not too thin, it is generally acceptable to print {{em|punctuation}} like hyphens and periods past it;
use the [[#margin release|margin release]].
{{XWarning|With {{em|some}} models the carriage simply stops advancing once you reach the right‐hand margin. Before you know it you are typing multiple characters on top of each other. More sophisticated models arrest the type bars.}}
The carriage return lever performs two actions at once, return the carriage and advance to the next line.
It is the biggest lever you can find, attached at the left‐hand end of the carriage.
Push the lever rightward till the carriage is stopped by the left‐hand margin.

{{anchor|enter}}
Electric typewriters do not have a carriage return lever, but a new line {{key press|enter}} key.
Unlike the non‐electric counterparts, electric typewriters block typing any new letters while the carriage or type head returns to the starting position.
You should feel increased resistance if you try pressing any printing keys.

{{anchor|line spacer}}
The {{em|line spacer}} defines by how much you want to advance the paper when starting a new line.
It usually has at least three settings: 1, 1½ and 2.
These are {{em|factors}} to a reasonable line height, e.&amp;#x202F;g.&amp;nbsp;⅙&amp;nbsp;{{abbr|in|inch}}.
This line height includes a little bit of leading&amp;nbsp;– that is {{em|lead}} as in the chemical element.
To select the line height factor you may find a wheel or lever.
{{choice
| 1 = {{anchor|lh}} What line spacer setting should I use (for the main text body)?
| 2 =
If you intend to [[#superscript|superscript]] or [[#subscript|subscript]] text inside a paragraph, it may be wise to use the 150% setting. By using double spacing, you can insert words you forgot typing using the space between lines. Alternatively, if sufficiently wide, the margin can be utilized to supply missing words (in combination with some insertion mark).

Because of the uniform width of characters, typewritten texts are said to be more difficult to read in comparison to texts set with a proportional font. Consider adding vertical space just to aid legibility. On the other hand, it is a matter of practice; for instance hanzi (“Chinese characters”) are placed in uniform square boxes and nobody is complaining about that.
}}

The line spacer can be disengaged.
Some typewriters integrate disengaging the line spacer as a setting&amp;nbsp;0 (zero).

[[Image: Typewriter, portrait, office, workplace, interior, desk, lady Fortepan 5050.jpg|thumb|alt=A lady sits in front of a typewriter.|reasonable typing position]]
==== strokes ====
Users of electric typewriters simply touch the keys.
Just ensure it is switched on.
With mechanical typewriters the user has to muster the necessary force all on his own.

A proper stroke is resolute&amp;nbsp;– quick attack and quick release.
Try a faint touch, try slow motion, it will not print.
The keys travel quite far in comparison to electric typewriters.
You want to apply all force in the {{em|downward}} direction, yet {{em|your arms}} should {{em|barely}} move.
Therefore sit upright and have the typewriter {{em|just a bit}} above lap height.
The {{em|regular}} desk height you use to comfortably write with a pen on a piece of paper {{em|is too high}}.
Moreover, should your finger slip they may get entangled between the keys.

For small face characters like the period ({{code|.}}), comma ({{code|,}}), colon ({{code|:}}) and semicolon ({{code|;}}) a {{em|light}} tap is sufficient;
especially if the period or comma are hit with full force you may inadvertently print the top area, too, creating bit of an angry vibe, period!
Furthermore, it {{em|may}} punch a [[#side|hole in the paper]] or even damage the ribbon.

If you are producing carbon copies, it is of import to strike keys with more force than usual.
An electric typewriter is therefore ideal for such a job.
Typing [[#mistakes|mistakes]] need to be corrected separately, in the original and each and every copy.

{{helpful hint
| title = performance
| hint  = Typing speed is measured in {{em|strokes per minute}}, pressing {{key press|shift}} being counted, too, {{em|in addition}} to the actual letter key.
}}
{{anchor|jam}}
If you are typing {{em|fast}} on a typewriter using type bars&amp;nbsp;– the levers that strike the paper&amp;nbsp;– as opposed to type heads, you may be {{em|stopped}} by one bar holding up another one thus blocking the typing window.
This {{em|jam}} requires manual intervention.
Ensure you pull down the type bar {{em|closest}} to you first so as to not accidentally bend the levers.
{{Exercises|1=
Type a character sample sheet. In other words, type something {{em|like}} the following, obviously resembling the {{tooltip|keyboard layout|the specific physical arrangement of keys}}:
&lt;syntaxhighlight lang='text' style='line-height: 150%; white-space: pre; page-break-inside: avoid;'&gt;
Typewriter Model Make, manufactured 2028, serial number 123456

         1  2   3   4   5   6   7   8   9   +   ß   ´
          q   w   e   r   t   y   u   i   o   p   ü
           a   s   d   f   g   h   j   k   l   ;   ä
             z   x   c   v   b   n   m   ,   .   -

         ;  &quot;   =   %   &amp;   (   )   '   §   /   :   `
          Q   W   E   R   T   Y   U   I   O   P   Ü
           A   S   D   F   G   H   J   K   L   Ö   Ä
             Z   X   C   V   B   N   M   ?   !   _
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
The staggering, the lateral position of each character, corresponds to the arrangement of type bars, the levers, in the basket (of course only applicable if you use a typewriter with type bars). Ensure that in the final document in each of the blocks no two characters are above each other.
}}
If one letter, one type bar persistently does not seem to return, you may have the idea that you needed to lubricate the machine.
However, oiling the segment&amp;nbsp;– the solid arced block with slits holding the type bars&amp;nbsp;– may be {{em|inadvisable}} because it is {{em|hard to clean}};
over time accumulating dust in combination with oil produces icky goo making the type bars {{em|even harder}} to fall back.

{{clear}}
==== capital letters ====
There are {{em|very few}} typewriters that have {{em|two}} sets of keys:
one for majuscules{{noprint|1={{hover info|the typographic term for upper‐case letters}}}} and one for minuscules{{noprint|1={{hover info|the typographic term for lower‐case letters}}}}.
The predominant pattern, however, has only one set of keys.
By default the letter keys produce minuscules.
You need to press either {{key press|shift}} key.
They may be unlabeled.
One is left of the {{key press|Z}}, the other one at the far right in the same row.

Unlike keyboards for electronic devices&amp;nbsp;– including electric typewriters&amp;nbsp;– you do not need to ensure the {{key press|shift}} key is pressed {{em|before}} hitting the letter key.
You can press {{key press|shift}} and the desired letter in sync, {{em|simultaneously}}.
In mechanical typewriters both mechanisms are independent from each other.

{{anchor|caps lock}}
{{noprint|1=[[File: Wagenheber einer Schreibmaschine.webm|thumb|{{key press|caps lock}} in action]]}}&lt;!-- omitted from print because it is a video --&gt;
In modern typography, headings are set with a {{em|larger}} font{{noprint|1={{hover info|set of glyphs following a common design}}}} size and possibly {{em|heavier}} weight{{noprint|1={{hover info|thin and thick lines}}}}.
Some premium typewriters have exchangeable type heads, but more often than not you are “stuck” with a {{em|single}} font size and weight.
If [[#underlining|underlining]] or similar is insufficient, you may want to type a title in all‐caps.
# To facilitate this, typewriters frequently feature a {{key press|caps lock}} key. It is the key immediately above {{em|the left}} {{key press|shift}} key and may also be unlabeled or called {{key press|shift lock}}. If you press {{key press|caps lock}} you will feel a snap. It often moves in unison with all {{key press|shift}} keys.
# Now you can type upper‐case letters {{em|without}} pressing {{key press|shift}}. However, note that digit and punctuation keys also produce {{em|their shifted}} meaning. All‐caps titles may benefit from added horizontal spacing, but only a little bit; one whole space character is already too much, so you need to [[#space out|use the semi‐step mechanism]].
# {{key press|Caps lock}} is a “one‐way” key: To unlock the {{key press|caps lock}} you press either {{key press|shift}} key. Unlike computer keyboards, pressing {{key press|caps lock}} when it is already “activated” will {{em|not reverse}} its effects.
Historically, telegrams were often written in all‐caps, some typewriters even had {{em|only}} upper‐case letters.
An orator may appreciate if his speech is written all‐caps, as he may find it easier to read.

=== mistakes ===
# {{em|Assess}} the situation. A number of mistakes can be corrected by clever use of the typewriter. Let’s say you meant to type capital {{code|E}} but&amp;nbsp;– just for purpose of giving an example&amp;nbsp;– typed a capital {{code|F}}. To remedy the situation, simply go back and type the {{code|E}}. It may not look perfect&amp;nbsp;– in particular if the {{code|F}} dons a serif at its foot&amp;nbsp;– but it works.
# Either flag the mistake&amp;nbsp;– put a small adhesive slip on the original&amp;nbsp;– to postpone it, or {{em|apply}} the correction immediately as described in the subsections.
# If there are too many mistakes on a page, consider taking a break and {{em|starting over}}. There is no satisfaction in a poorly typed page.

[[Image: CarbonFarbband mit Lift-off-Korrektur.jpg|thumb|alt=The digit one in black on white paper. Next to it grooves of the digit two.|You cannot undo the impression: You can discern the &lt;code&gt;2&lt;/code&gt;.]]
==== errors ====
There are correction fluids and tapes available.
# For convenient access of the mistyped part, advance the paper by a couple lines first.
# Now simply cover the incorrectly typed characters.
# If applicable, ensure the paint is dried. Make it a habit and {{em|always}} give it a gentle blow, regardless whether it is really necessary.
# Return to the first elided position and&amp;nbsp;– hopefully&amp;nbsp;– type the {{em|correct}} character(s).
For {{em|bulk corrections}} or if the paper is not in the correction fluid’s or tape’s color (i.&amp;#x202F;e. not white), type the correction on a separate piece of paper, cut it out and glue it in the proper place.
Evidently, this correction needs to be postponed till the page is finished.

If your typewriter is equipped with a lift‐off tape, press the {{key press|⌫}} key and now type {{em|the incorrect}} character as printed.
While the erase function is enabled, the lift‐off tape is raised, not the carbon film.
After having typed one printing character, the erase function is disabled.
The type head stays at its current position so you can immediately type {{em|the correct}} character.

{{helpful hint
| title = {{abbr|CC|carbon copy}} perfection
| hint  = The thickness of the copy papers and carbon sheets add up to the roller‐platen diameter. Expect more slippage than usual. Avoid unnecessary scrolling.
}}
If you are making {{abbr|CCs|carbon copies}} and want to correct a mistake with the typewriter, consider advancing the stack by a couple lines and temporarily inserting scrap sheets between every copy and its corresponding carbon paper.
Return to the correct line and the correcting character gets printed on the scrap sheets.
Before continuing writing, remove the scrap sheets.
This ordeal ensures the newly printed characters are perfectly aligned with the line and everything, something hard to achieve if you {{em|reloaded}} the paper.

{{anchor|x-ing}}
A {{em|fast}} method to rectify mistakes is {{em|overprinting}} incorrect parts:
Return the carriage or type head to the position of the first incorrect character.
Repeatedly strike {{key press|x}} or {{key press|/}} while the cursor is above incorrectly typed characters.
As convenient this method is, it is particularly ugly.
However, it is generally an acceptable compromise {{em|for carbon‐copied}} documents, amending each copy individually being awfully time‐consuming and risking damage.
Of course, ugliness is of no concern for {{em|drafts}} or other one‐time use documents.

==== omissions ====
If you {{em|forgot typing {{em|one}} character}}, you can use the semi‐step mechanics.
Many typewriters actually advance by one character cell in two steps.
Return to the character position preceding the insertion position.
Press {{em|and hold}} the space bar.
Now type the character to be inserted.
You may furthermore want to consider to [[#superscript|superscript]] the character.
Temporarily scroll back by one half line.

{{helpful hint
| title = paragraphs
| hint  = Paragraph breaks are either indicated by vertical blank space, or by indenting the first line but without vertical space. Do not indent the first line {{em|and}} add vertical blank space at the same time. Outdenting (“negative” indentation) is rarely done with typewriters.
}}
=== tabulation ===
To facilitate the creation of lists and tables or just to quickly indent the first line of a paragraph, some typewriters are equipped with a fast‐forward key.
There are two mechanisms:
* The user can define {{em|tabulator stops}} and pressing &lt;!-- {{key press|TAB}} not listed because it features arrows in both directions --&gt; {{key press|⇥}} jumps to the next tab stop. This gives the users maximum flexibility, yet the mechanics are also pretty heavy. This kind is usually only found in desk typewriters.
* Pressing &lt;!-- {{key press|TAB}} not listed because it dons arrows in both directions --&gt; {{key press|⇥}} advances to the next character position divisible by 10&amp;nbsp;±&amp;nbsp;some offset. 10 is the most common value and cannot be changed. This mechanism is sometimes present in “light‐weight” portable typewriters.
Either mechanism is suitable to create {{em|left‐aligned}} itemizations.
Aligning the radix mark (i.&amp;#x202F;e. in English the decimal point) of numbers of varying length still requires manual alignment.

To set and reset tabulator stops, there are either {{em|two}} keys&amp;nbsp;– {{key press|CL}} to clear, {{key press|SET}} to set a tabulator stop&amp;nbsp;– or there is a tabulator control lever or swivel key.
It is labeled with a plus and minus sign, or unlabeled but plus and minus signs are found next to it on the typewriter frame.
* By pushing the control in the direction of the plus sign, you {{em|set}} a tabulator stop {{em|at}} the current position.
* By pushing the control in the direction of the minus sign, you {{em|cancel}} the tabulator stop {{em|at}} the current position (if any is set).
To type an itemization using the tabulation mechanics, proceed as follows:
# Clear all tabulator stops. Some typewriters have a small lever on the carriage to clear all tabulator stops at once. Others require you to return the carriage, press {{em|and hold}} the {{key press|CL}} key or the tabulator control lever in the direction of the minus sign, and press &lt;!-- {{key press|TAB}} not listed because shows arrows in both directions --&gt; {{key press|⇥}}. The carriage scoots to the right‐hand margin canceling all tabulator stops. To verify your success, if you return the carriage and press {{key press|⇥}}, the carriage should glide all the way to the right‐hand [[#margins|margin]] now.
# Advance to the position where the carriage should stop. Push the tabulator control in the direction of the plus sign and release. Repeat this step as required. Because tabulation stops are “stored” as {{em|little}} pins, it may be recommended to keep stops {{em|at most}} 5 to 15 character positions apart. The heavy carriage {{em|smashing}} with all its mass into a tabulation stop pin is quite some stress. Of course you can always simply use one hand and slow down the carriage as you tab.
# Type the itemization and use the {{key press|⇥}} key to advance to the beginning of the next cell. You {{em|can amend}} tabulator stops as you go, e.&amp;#8239;g. because table cells are merged or split up.
Even without a neat tabulation mechanism, some typewriters feature a “slow” forward {{key press|↠}} key (sounding like “automatic (gun‑)fire”).
With some practice you get used to its pace and can jump forward quickly.

=== unloading paper ===
When you have finished typing up the current page:
# Optionally proofread the page and fix any mistakes while you can. {{em|Reloading}} the page following {{em|exactly}} the same line rhythm is difficult, so this is the last chance to fix any mistakes.
# Engage the paper release. It is usually a lever found on the carriage. This removes pressure from the rollers beneath the roller‐platen. The paper can move freely now.
# Pull the stack of sheets out of the machine and lay them in the working area of your desk.
# Disengage the paper release for subsequent operation.
# If applicable, separate any carbon sheets. Be careful as to not to crinkle them.
# If applicable, make amendments you postponed, e.&amp;#x202F;g. filling in missing [[#characters|characters]].
# If you are super‐organized, you place the finished pages in a tray collecting all pages of one document.

=== end of work ===
# {{anchor|flat spot prevention}} Engage the paper release. Prolonged pressure to the rollers at one point may make them flat. Flat spots convey the paper poorly. On the other hand, this puts stress on the paper release spring so it may wear out and actually decrease the pressure the rollers exercise. Rest assured, springs as well as rollers can be replaced; replacement rollers are now marketed as parts for electronic printers.
# Select the easiest setting for everything else, for instance disengage {{key press|caps lock}}.
# The ink in the ink ribbon is adjusted to not dry out for several months. It is not necessary to remove the ribbon after each use. Moreover, unloading exposes the ribbon to the risk of damage. Unloading the ribbon is essentially [[#loading the ribbon|loading the ribbon]] in reverse. Carbon films and correction tapes can stay indefinitely.
# Dust accumulation is bad. Return the carriage to a center position and cover the typewriter e.&amp;#x202F;g. with a nonfuzzy towel. Portable typewriters intended for travel come with a lid turning the typewriter–lid unit into a suitcase.

== glossary ==
=== procedures ===
; {{anchor|form}} forms
: To fill out forms you need to disable the line advance snap. This allows to freely align the form vertically. Depending on the model you just pull the paper drum knob, turn a wheel or lever. It may be integrated in the line advance length selector and labeled&amp;nbsp;0 (zero). For form fields of limited length, be sure to consult the ruler to count the characters you can type, maybe necessitating condensing the intended entry.
; {{anchor|hanging punctuation}} hanging punctuation
: Justified composition may produce an {{em|u}}n{{em|s}}t{{em|e}}a{{em|d}}y right‐hand margin: commas, hyphens and periods are predominantly white characters. Despite the justified composition the right‐hand margin {{em|optically}} appears to {{em|be ragged}}. The solution is to insert a half‐space within the line. If you do not want to utilize a computer {{em|to plan}} this much ahead, first type a left‐aligned version just like usual. Use this version to count and indicate where to place extra spaces. Each line that ends on a period, comma or dash gets another half space. That means for the second half of the line you press {{em|and hold}} the {{key press|space bar}} before typing any character.
; {{anchor|hectography}} hectography
: Typewriters that accommodate for dual‐[[#colors|colored]] ribbons usually also have a blank setting. If not remove the ribbon.
; {{anchor|letterspacing}} letterspacing
: Type one space character between every character. That also means to type an intervening space you hit {{key press|space}} {{em|three}} times in a row. See [[#space out|§&amp;nbsp;space out]] for the favored more sophisticated method.
; {{anchor|dashed lines}} lines, dashed, horizontal, vertical or diagonal
: A vertical dashed line can be achieved by putting straight apostrophes ({{code|'}}) beneath each other. A horizontal dashed line is achieved by repeatedly typing dashes&amp;nbsp;({{code|-}}). {{em|If}} their angle/orientation is right, diagonal dashed lines can be achieved with the accents {{code|´}} and&amp;nbsp;{{code|`}}. Because of the varying line lengths of these characters and not worth mentioning the spacing between them, diagrams employing dashed lines in multiple directions may look inconsistent.
; {{anchor|dotted lines}} lines, dotted, horizontal, vertical, or diagonal
: For horizontal dotted lines, repeatedly type the period ({{code|.}}). For vertical dotted lines, type period, use the {{key press|backspace}}, advance the line feed by half a line and type a period again. Alternatively hold the spacer and type periods as you advance the roller‐platen. Repeat as appropriate. For a denser vertical line you can also employ the colon ({{code|:}}).
; {{anchor|solid lines}} lines, solid, horizontal or vertical
: Some typewriters have a groove in the typing mask. Place a pen here and move the carriage for horizontal lines (hold the carriage release for that), or {{em|retreat}} the paper for vertical lines ({{em|advancing}} the paper can make it difficult to see where to stop).
; {{anchor|perforation}} perforation
: To perforate thin enough paper&amp;nbsp;– e.&amp;#8239;g. a reply form beneath a letter body or phone number strips to tear from a bulletin board posting&amp;nbsp;– use [[#dotted lines|dotted lines]] with {{em|even less}} spacing. Due to their small face area it is usually not necessary to apply extra force when typing. Consider selecting the non‐printing stencil mode or removing the ribbon since the ink is usually not necessary.
; {{anchor|space out}} space out
: Many typewriters actually advance in {{em|two}} steps. Upon pressing any printing key (including {{key press|space}}, excluding “dead” keys) the carriage (or type head) advances by one half character width, and once {{em|all}} keys are released the carriage advances {{em|another}} half character width. This semi‐step mechanics can be utilized to add horizontal space, esp. desirable in [[#caps lock|all‐caps titles]]. First, type a character as usual. Next hit {{em|and hold}} the {{key press|spacer}}. This “adds” just {{em|one half}} of space. Now type the next character. Release the {{key press|spacer}} and strike it as usual. Repeat these steps as appropriate. Should this mechanism not supported by your typewriter, resort to [[#letterspacing|letterspacing]]. Letterspacing, however, adds {{em|too much}} horizontal space.

[[Image: Olympia typewriter - German keyboard layout-9609.jpg|thumb|alt=A lever next to black, white and red-colored spots.|Example color selector. If loaded correctly, in this setting the black part of the ribbon prints.]]
=== markup ===
Markup options are severely limited, yet they are {{em|not}} none.
; {{anchor|bold}} bold
: To some degree bold text can be produced by typing the same letters again. Use the {{key press|backspace}} to return to the starting position. On the other hand this may increase the likelihood of punching through the paper (e.&amp;#8239;g. creating holes). You can always simply manually retrace the character with a pen after you have finished typing the page.
; {{anchor|colors}} colors
: There are dual‐colored ribbons and typewriters that allow selecting between the top and bottom portion of the ribbon. Note that carbon copies remain monochrome regardless.
; {{anchor|double underlining}} double underlining
: Advance either one whole or just one half line. Use the equal &lt;!-- no link to [[#equal sign]] because it would be awfully inconvenient --&gt; sign {{code|1==}} to produce double underlines. Hit and hold {{code|1==}}, depress the space bar and hit {{code|1==}} again, release both keys and repeat as appropriate. If you have advanced {{em|just one half line}}, you may want to skip underlining for descenders ({{code|g}}, {{code|j}}, {{code|p}}, {{code|q}}, {{code|y}}, and possibly parentheses, {{code|f}} and the capital {{code|Q}}, too).
: Alternatively, use the same method as [[#underlining|underlining]] twice, with vertical displacement applied to the second time. The vertical distance between the underlines may be considered too wide, though.
; {{anchor|overlining}} overlining
: See [[#underlining|underlining]] except that the underline is produced for the preceding line and you may want to skip any inch signs ({{code|&quot;}}). Keep in mind that overlining may be confused for underlining.
; {{anchor|strike|strikethrough}} strikethrough
: The underscore used for [[#underlining|underlining]] cannot necessarily be aligned properly. Instead use the hyphen‐dash. However, the dash is too short, you need to hit and hold the dash, then hold the space bar and hit the dash {{em|again}}. Now release both keys and repeat as appropriate.
; {{anchor|subscript}} subscript
: Advance the paper by half a line. This requires turning the roller‐drum manually; the lever advances the paper by at least one whole line and you may accidentally move the carriage, too. When you are done, turn the roller‐platen back by half a line. In {{em|proper}} typesetting the [[#typeface|font]] size has to be reduced, too, but this cannot be achieved with a typewriter.
; {{anchor|superscript}} superscript
: See [[#subscript|§ subscript]], taking into consideration that you roll back the paper by half a line {{em|upward}}.
; {{anchor|typeface}} typefaces
: There are typewriters that have replaceable type heads; spheres or discs are common forms. In other typewriters the typeface is an integral part. If the typeface conveys meaning&amp;nbsp;– such as variable names in mathematics and sciences&amp;nbsp;– consider writing them with a pen by hand.
; {{anchor|underlining}} underlining
: Many typewriters feature an underscore character ({{code|_}}). This character is wide enough so repeatedly striking it creates one {{em|continuous}} underline. You may want to consider skipping descenders ({{code|g}}, {{code|j}}, {{code|p}}, {{code|q}}, {{code|y}}, and possibly parentheses, {{code|f}} and the capital {{code|Q}}, too). See also [[#double underlining|double underlining]] and [[#solid lines|solid lines]].
; {{anchor|zig‐zag underlining}} underlining, zig‐zag
: A zig‐zag underline may be achieved by stringing [[#caret|carets ({{code|^}})]] together in the next line at a semi‐step.

{{helpful hint
| title = symbol curiosity
| hint  = [[Image: German typewriter 'Torpedo' from WWII with double Siegrune symbol of the SS (Schutzstaffel) instead of number &quot;zero&quot;.jpg|frameless|alt=A key of a typewriter labeled with a rune double S symbol instead of a zero.]]
In {{abbr|Nazi|National Socialist}} Germany typewriters with dedicated “lightning‐bolt” {{lang|de|{{abbr|SS|Schutzstaffel}}|italic=unset}} types were in use. Few even featured a &lt;span title='swastika' style='display: inline-block; transform: rotate(45deg);'&gt;࿕&lt;/span&gt; key.
}}
=== characters ===
Through clever combination and positioning, you can type more characters than 40‐something keys/types provide, sort of.
These are all {{em|workarounds}} and do {{em|not}} meet the quality standards in {{em|professional}} typography.
{{CompactTOC8
| name        = character name
| center      = yes
| a           = [[#CHARACTER-A|A]]
| b           = [[#CHARACTER-B|B]]
| c           = [[#CHARACTER-C|C]]
| d           = [[#CHARACTER-D|D]]
| e           = [[#CHARACTER-E|E]]
| f           = [[#CHARACTER-F|F]]
| g           =                G
| h           = [[#CHARACTER-H|H]]
| i           = [[#CHARACTER-I|I]]
| j           =                J
| k           =                K
| l           = [[#CHARACTER-L|L]]
| m           = [[#CHARACTER-M|M]]
| n           =                N
| o           = [[#CHARACTER-O|O]]
| p           = [[#CHARACTER-P|P]]
| q           = [[#CHARACTER-Q|Q]]
| r           = [[#CHARACTER-R|R]]
| s           = [[#CHARACTER-S|S]]
| t           = [[#CHARACTER-T|T]]
| u           = [[#CHARACTER-U|U]]
| v           =                V
| w           =                W
| x           =                X
| y           =                Y
| z           = [[#CHARACTER-Z|Z]]
}}
; {{anchor|CHARACTER-A}} {{anchor|á}} á
: Hit {{code|´}}. This is usually a “dead key”, that means it does not advance the carriage. Now type {{code|a}}. Evidently, this is opposite the customary writing order: using a pen the base letter is written first and accents are added second.
; {{anchor|â}} â
: Hit {{code|´}} and {{code|`}}; this is usually one “dead key”, that means it does not advance the carriage or type head. Now type {{code|a}}.
; {{anchor|æ}} æ
: Hit and hold {{code|a}}, press the space bar and release {{code|a}} and type an {{code|e}}. Note that the majuscule Æ cannot be produced in this fashion.
; {{anchor|ampersand}} ampersand
: See [[#et ligature|&amp;]].
; {{anchor|apostrophe|’}} ’
: Most of the time you simply use the straight tick ({{code|'}}), but to get a nine‐shaped apostrophe type a [[#superscript|raised]] comma. In German the apostrophe is also known as {{lang|de|Hochkomma}}, literally meaning elevated comma.
; {{anchor|eight-spoked asterisk|✳}} ✳
: With a sans‐serif{{noprint|1={{hover info|without serifs (serifs are additional lines, e.&amp;#x202F;g. horizontal lines added to a capital eye {{code|I}})}}}} typeface you can superimpose a {{code|+}} and {{code|x}}. It looks more {{em|rectangular}} than round though.
; {{anchor|at|@}} @
: {{em|At}} is conventionally substituted by an {{code|a}} overlaid with a slash {{code|/}}. Obviously without the arc it does not look anything like the {{code|@}} sign. You may want to consider spelling out the word {{em|at}} instead.
; {{anchor|CHARACTER-B}} {{anchor|¦|broken bar}} ¦
: If the straight apostrophe is long enough, but not too long, type a {{code|'}}, {{key press|backspace}}, advance the platen by half a line and type another {{code|'}}. Scroll back by one half line before you continue writing.
; {{anchor|bullet|◦}} ◦
: Just type an {{mono|o}}.
; {{anchor|CHARACTER-C}} {{anchor|ç}} ç
: It may not produce a satisfactory result but you can try combining {{code|c}} with a comma ({{code|,}}).
; {{anchor|©}} ©
: The copyright sign is conventionally approximated as [[wikt:(c)|{{code|(c)}}]].
; {{anchor|care of|℅}} ℅
: Reverse the paper by one half line, hit and hold {{code|c}}, press the space bar, advance the paper by one half line, type a {{code|/}}, release all keys and type one&amp;nbsp;{{code|o}}.
; {{anchor|caret}} ‸
: Advance to the next line, hit {{code|´}} and {{code|`}}; this is usually one “dead key”, that means it does not advance the carriage. 
: Alternatively, finish writing the page, load the paper again upside‐down, disable line snap, and after careful adjustment type a {{code|v}}.
; {{anchor|cent}} ¢
: The cent sign is substituted by overlaying the minuscule {{code|c}} with a forward slash {{code|/}}. The {{em|proper}} glyph has a {{em|vertical}} line sticking out by the same amount at the top and bottom. Considering spelling out the word {{em|cent}} if the reader may not recognize the substitution as&amp;nbsp;{{code|¢}}.
; {{anchor|commercial minus sign|٪|⁒}} ⁒, ٪
: Roll back by one half line, hit and hold period {{code|.}}, depress the space bar and release the period, advance the paper by one half line, type a slash {{code|/}}, release all keys and type one final period {{code|.}}.
; {{anchor|CHARACTER-D}} {{anchor|đ}} đ
: The version with a stroke through the (upper) stem can be achieved this way: Hit and hold {{code|d}}, press the space bar, release {{code|d}}, and type a {{code|t}}.
; {{anchor|Đ}} Đ
: Hit and hold dash ({{code|-}}), press and hold the spacer, release the dash key, and type a capital {{code|D}}.
; {{anchor|db|ȸ}} ȸ
: Press and hold {{code|d}}, press and hold the spacer, release the {{code|d}} and type a {{code|b}}.
; {{anchor|degree|°}} °
: The degree sign is approximated by a [[#superscript|superscript]] {{code|o}} (minuscule oh). A {{em|perfectionist}} may hold and turn the roller‐platen knob {{em|slightly}} backward.
; {{anchor|division sign|÷}} ÷
: It may not produce satisfactory results, but try to overlay a colon ({{code|:}}) with any of the horizontal lines.
; {{anchor|dollar sign|$}} $
: A single stroke dollar character can be substituted by overlaying the {{code|S}} with a slash ({{code|/}}).
; {{anchor|double dagger|‡}} ‡
: Type a plus {{code|+}}, hit {{key press|backspace}}, roll back the paper by half a line and type {{code|+}} again. There may be a small gap between the plus signs. Advance the paper by half a line to return to the baseline.
; {{anchor|CHARACTER-E}} {{anchor|emdash}} em dash
: An em dash ({{code|—}}) can be approximated by hitting and holding the hyphen‐dash key, pressing the space bar and then hitting the dash key again. Release both keys and hit the dash key one more time. If efficiency is more important, simply striking {{code|-}} three times will do.
; {{anchor|endash}} en dash
: An en dash ({{code|–}}) can be approximated by hitting and holding the hyphen‐dash key, pressing the space bar and then hitting the dash key again. Note that a parenthetical en dash usually needs to be surrounded by space.
: Alternatively, if available and wide enough, consider the [[#superscript|raised]] underscore ({{code|_}}) the en dash character.
: If efficiency matters, simply type {{code|-}} twice {{em|without}} going great lengths at making the dashes overlap.
; {{anchor|equal sign}} =
: Some models lack a proper equal sign. Type a dash {{code|-}}, use the {{key press|backspace}}, now firmly hold the roller‐platen knob and advance the paper {{em|just}} a {{em|tiny}} bit ({{em|before}} it snaps to the next position), and type a dash again.
; {{anchor|et|et ligature}} &amp;
: This character is conventionally expanded to {{mono|et}}, the Latin word for {{em|and}}.
; {{anchor|exclamation point}} !
: If the straight apostrophe {{em|is long enough}}, you can overlay {{code|'}} with a period ({{code|.}}).
; {{anchor|CHARACTER-F}} {{anchor|ff|ﬀ}} ﬀ
: Hit and hold {{code|f}}, press space, and type {{code|f}} again.
; {{anchor|ffi|ﬃ}} ﬃ
: Hit and hold {{code|f}}, press space, type {{code|f}} again, release both keys and type an {{code|i}}.
; {{anchor|ffl|ﬄ}} ﬄ
: Hit and hold {{code|f}}, press space, type {{code|f}} again, release both keys and type an {{code|l}}.
; {{anchor|fi|ﬁ}} ﬁ
: Hit and hold {{code|f}}, press space, release {{code|f}} and type an {{code|i}}.
; {{anchor|fl|ﬂ}} ﬂ
: Hit and hold {{code|f}}, press space, release {{code|f}} and type an {{code|l}}.
; {{anchor|CHARACTER-H}} {{anchor|hash}} hash
: See [[#octothorp|octothorp]].
; {{anchor|CHARACTER-I}} {{anchor|infinity|∞}} ∞
: With a sans‐serif typeface you may get an acceptable result by combining {{code|o}}, {{code|x}}, {{code|o}} at a semi step width.
; {{anchor|interrobang|‽}} ‽
: By overlaying {{code|!}} and {{code|?}} you get {{code|‽}}.
; {{anchor|CHARACTER-L}} {{anchor|ł|barred l}} ł
: It does not look like the proper character, but overlay {{code|l}} with a slash.
; {{anchor|Ł|barred L}} Ł
: It does not look like the proper character, but overlay {{code|L}} with a slash.
; {{anchor|CHARACTER-M}} {{anchor|minus|−}} minus
: A minus sign ({{code|−}}) is rendered using a hyphen‐dash ({{code|-}}) or an [[#endash|en dash]]. The important thing is that the line is at the same height as the horizontal in {{code|+}}. See also [[#commercial minus sign|⁒]].
; {{anchor|multiplication|times|×}} multiplication
: The multiplication cross ({{code|×}}) is rendered using the regular character {{code|x}}. This works best with typefaces without serifs. Of course an {{code|x}} may be confused for {{em|the variable}} {{code|x}}. Alternatively use a multiplication dot by typing a period ({{code|.}}); a [[#superscript|superscript]] period does not work, though, hence the period stays at the baseline.
; {{anchor|CHARACTER-O}} {{anchor|Ø|∅︀}} Ø, ∅︀
: Type capital {{code|O}}, use the {{key press|backspace}} to return to the previous position and type the forward slash {{code|/}}. The corresponding minuscule ø, however, cannot be produced this way, at least not in a satisfactory manner.
; {{anchor|ɵ}} ɵ
: Overlay an {{code|o}} with an {{code|e}}: Type an {{code|o}}, then {{key press|backspace}} and type an {{code|e}}. Do not type too hard as to not punch a hole in the paper.
; {{anchor|octothorp}} #
: Press and hold {{code|1==}}, press the space bar and type {{code|1==}} again. {{key press|Backspace}} and hit and hold {{code|/}}, press the space bar and type {{code|/}} again.
: You can {{em|fine‐tune}} this procedure. Type a {{code|1==}} just like before. Then {{key press|backspace}}. Now possibly engage {{key press|caps lock}} to access the {{code|/}}. Before actually typing the first {{code|/}}, gently push and hold the {{key press|backspace}} key a little bit. Observe how the carriage moves {{em|a small amount}} to the left. In that position hit the {{code|/}}. Remove pressure from the {{key press|backspace}} key. For the second {{code|/}} block the left‐hand end of the carriage with your hand. It should not move. Now press the space bar. If you held the carriage firmly enough, it should have moved just a tiny bit to the right. In that position type {{code|/}}. Do not worry, this positioning may need multiple attempts. When done, do not forget to disengage the {{key press|caps lock}}.
: A tall upright octothorp can be achieved with pluses: Press and hold {{code|+}}, press and hold the space bar, now type a {{code|+}} again. After releasing all keys, {{key press|backspace}} and repeat the previous step as [[#superscript|superscripted]] text. However, there may be a small gap between the plus sign rows.
; {{anchor|œ}} œ
: Hit and hold {{code|o}}, press the space bar and release {{code|o}} and type an {{code|e}}.
; {{anchor|Œ}} Œ
: Same procedure as [[#œ|œ]] just with capital letters.
; {{anchor|one}} one
: The digit {{code|1}} may be missing. Type a minuscule ell ({{code|l}}) instead. In Roman numerals a {{em|one}} is still typed as a capital eye ({{code|I}}).
; {{anchor|CHARACTER-P}} {{anchor|℗}} ℗
: The sound recording copyright sign is conventionally approximated as {{mono|(P)}}.
; {{anchor|per cent}} %
: The per cent sign is conventionally substituted with {{mono|o/o}}.
; {{anchor|percent}} ‰
: The per mille sign is conventionally substituted with {{mono|o/oo}}.
; {{anchor|plus}} +
: If the straight apostrophe ({{code|'}}) is long enough, place two of them above each other combined with a dash&amp;nbsp;({{code|-}}).
: A makeshift plus is achieved by overlaying the dash ({{code|-}}) with a slash ({{code|/}}). This is more acceptable in combination with italic type faces.
; {{anchor|pound sign|pound sterling|£}} £
: The pound sign is substituted by an {{code|L}} overlaid with a dash ({{code|-}}). In some typefaces it may look like an {{code|E}} with its top bar missing, though.
: In some typefaces {{code|L}} overlaid by an {{code|f}} may be more appealing.
; {{anchor|CHARACTER-Q}} {{anchor|quotation marks}} quotation marks
: Virtually all typewriters lack proper quotation marks ({{abbr|AE|American English}}: “…”; {{abbr|BE|British English}}: ‘…’). The inch sign ({{code|&quot;}}) or straight apostrophe ({{code|'}}) are used instead. Some languages use lowered quotation marks ({{lang|de|„Abc ‚def‘ ghi“|italic=unset}}): advancing by one half line works, but&amp;nbsp;– beside being inconvenient&amp;nbsp;– it may look just ugly, so the English quotations are used nonetheless.
; {{anchor|CHARACTER-R}} {{anchor|ℝ}} ℝ
: Hit and hold capital {{code|I}}, depress the space bar and release the {{code|I}} key, now type a capital {{code|R}}. However, on some typewriters the stems of {{code|I}} and {{code|R}} may be exactly on top of each other, so you type {{mono|IR}} with regular spacing instead. Note, for {{em|consistent}} style&amp;nbsp;– if other similar characters such as ℚ are used in a document&amp;nbsp;– consider writing this character manually.
; {{anchor|response}} ℟
: Hit and hold capital {{code|R}}, depress the space bar and release the {{code|R}} key, and now type a slash ({{code|/}}).
; {{anchor|CHARACTER-S}} {{anchor|semicolon|;}} ;
: A semicolon can be produced by overlaying the comma {{code|,}} and colon {{code|:}}. Type a comma, use the {{key press|backspace}}, and type the colon.
; {{anchor|root|square root|√}} √
: Advance the paper by half a line. Press and hold the {{key press|space}} key, type a {{code|v}}. After releasing all keys undo advancing the paper. Now type a {{code|/}}. The terms in the root are [[#overlining|overlined]].
; {{anchor|ﬆ}} ﬆ
: Combine {{code|s}} and {{code|t}} a half step apart.
; {{anchor|star}} ✶
: Something {{em|resembling}} a six‐pointed star is achieved by overprinting capital {{code|A}} with a {{code|v}}. See also [[#eight-spoked asterisk|eight‐spoked asterisk]].
; {{anchor|CHARACTER-T}} {{anchor|thorn|þ}} þ
: The stems may not align perfectly, but try overlaying {{code|b}} and {{code|p}}.
; {{anchor|CHARACTER-U}} {{anchor|unequal}} ≠
: Overlay [[#equal sign|{{code|1==}}]] with {{code|/}}.
; {{anchor|upward arrow from bar|↥}} ↥
: This is not necessarily suitable for all typefaces: Hit {{code|´}} and {{code|`}}; this is usually one “dead key”, that means it does not advance the carriage. Now type an ell ({{code|l}}).
; {{anchor|CHARACTER-Z}} {{anchor|ℤ}} ℤ
: Type overlapping {{code|Z}}’s.
; {{anchor|zero}} zero
: Many typewriters do not have a dedicated digit zero key. The zero is produced by typing a capital Oh instead. This allows the manufacturer to provide another character. For a slashed zero, see [[#∅︀|∅︀]].
If a character cannot be printed, you need to do it by hand.
In order to not accidentally miss any unprinted characters, there are small adhesive flags you can stick on the paper.

== standards ==
{{wikipedia|list of style guides}}
This section showcases standard‐compliant writing emphasizing the proper use of the typewriter.
{{editor note|This section can be extended: indictment, screenplay, academic essays, as long as it is (or was) formally standardized it fits.}}
{{wikibook|Professional and Technical Writing/Business Communications/Letters}}
=== DIN‐Norm 5008 business letter ===
Among writing instructions, the {{lang|de|{{abbr|DIN|Deutsches Institut für Normung}}‐Norm 5008|italic=unset}} (German Institute for Standardization Standard 5008) defines the page layout.
The page layout is tailored to a {{lang|de|{{abbr|DIN|Deutsches Institut für Normung}} A4|italic=unset}} sheet;
this is 210&amp;nbsp;{{abbr|mm|millimeters}}&amp;#x202F;×&amp;#x202F;297&amp;nbsp;{{abbr|mm|millimeters}}.

There is one line reserved for a return address.
Because the line length is 75&amp;nbsp;{{abbr|mm|millimeters}}, printing a return address in practice necessitates a smaller [[#typeface|font]], hence it is {{em|not}} written {{em|with}} a typewriter.

At 6&amp;nbsp;{{abbr|lpi|lines per inch}} there are exactly two blank lines between the information and text frame.
Paragraphs are separated by one blank line.
The text width is 165&amp;nbsp;{{abbr|mm|millimeters}}
At 10&amp;nbsp;{{abbr|cpi|characters per inch}} you can fit 64.96 characters.

If you want to fold the letter, you have a {{em|purely esthetic&lt;!-- alt. US spelling, see [[wikt:esthetic]] --&gt;}} problem:
a fold across the text (and {{abbr|btw|by the way}} the signature) is ugly.
Folds are supposed to run {{em|between}} any two lines.
However, the middle segment of a folded {{lang|de|{{abbr|DIN|Deutsches Institut für Normung}}‐Norm 5008|italic=unset}} business letter page has a height of 105&amp;nbsp;mm.
At 6&amp;nbsp;{{abbr|lpi|lines per inch}} it is not possible to find a configuration ensuring the folds are {{em|between}} the lines.
Therefore, {{em|esthetically tolerable}} business letters conforming to {{lang|de|{{abbr|DIN|Deutsches Institut für Normung}}‐Norm 5008|italic=unset}} are {{em|only one page}} long.
To economize on space, only form&amp;nbsp;A is presented.

; {{anchor|5008 Cella}} Robotron S&amp;nbsp;1001 Cella
:# [[Image: 20260128loremIpsumBusinessLetterFollowingDeutschesInstitutFuerNormungStandard5008typeAtypewrittenWithRobotronCella.png|thumb|alt=A sample text letter obeying to certain rules.|{{abbr|POC|proof of concept}}: A typewritten business letter.]] Set the [[#margins|margins]]. The left‐hand margin is set at 11, the right‐hand margin at 74. There is space for 64 characters.
:# Load the paper. The left‐hand edge should be at 0.5 characters on the paper bail. For that use the (white on black) margin ruler. The left‐hand edge should be at the 1&amp;nbsp;tick. Prefer to slightly cover the mark. Before disengaging the paper release, flip down the paper support and pull the paper to the back, away from you. Both ends of the paper should lay on top of each other.
:# Now scroll back the paper so its top edge {{em|is}} barely visible through the ridge in the typing mask. Possibly you need to repeat the previous step.
:# Advance so you have 7 blank lines. The cursor is now in the return address line. You have 29 character positions at your disposal. The next 9&amp;nbsp;lines are for the actual inside address.
:# Advance by one line. This line and the next two lines are meant for postal instructions. It is also the first line of the data frame. To get to the data frame, press {{key press|⇥}} four times and depress and hold the spacer. The cursor is at 49. Start typing from here up to 29 characters. The data frame consists of exactly 12 lines.
:# After the data frame leave (exactly) two blank lines. For the letter body you have 48 lines of vertical space left, the descenders{{noprint|1={{hover info|lines that extend below the baseline (the line characters “sit” on)}}}} of the 48{{sup|th}} line already being clipped if you can even manage to keep the paper in place. Avoid using the final 6&amp;nbsp;lines&amp;nbsp;(1&amp;#x202F;&quot;) just in general.
:# For the signature reserve (at least) three blank lines.
:# For right‐aligned double‐digit page numbering of the form {{mono|Page 12 of 34}}, press {{key press|⇥}} five times and {{key press|space}} three times. Press {{key press|space}} another two times for single‐digit page numbering.

== references ==
{{to do|{{em|Possibly}} generic references, data lookup tables.}}
== further reading ==
{{wikibook|Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Vocational/Typewriting}}
* {{PDFlink|[[:File: Practical typewriting - by the all-finger method, which leads to operation by touch (IA practicaltypewri00torr).pdf|Practical typewriting]]|12.26&amp;nbsp;{{abbr|MiB|mebibyte}}}}
* {{PDFlink|[[:File: New practical typewriting. (IA newpracticaltype00unse).pdf|New practical typewriting]]|16.38&amp;nbsp;{{abbr|MiB|mebibyte}}}}
* {{PDFlink|[[:File: A scientific course in typewriting (IA scientificcourse00depe).pdf|A scientific course in typewriting]]|5.1&amp;nbsp;{{abbr|MiB|mebibyte}}}}
&lt;!--
== sources ==
&lt;ref&gt;
&lt;/ref&gt;
--&gt;
{{alphabetical}}
{{one-page book}}
{{shelves|trades}}&lt;!-- “typist” as (virtually extinct) profession; irrelevant to secretaries nowadays --&gt;
{{status|0%}}
{{subjects|communication|written communication}}
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      <text bytes="3728" sha1="e7nj61p5f5ynz340hvb7xkw7852k7hx" xml:space="preserve">{{New book}}[[File:世界最美總統府.jpg|thumb|The front view of the Office of the President,Taiwan|400px]]
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;font-size:2.8em; color:; margin:0.4em&quot;&gt;'''History of Taiwan'''&lt;/div&gt;
Welcome to the '''Taiwan History Textbook!''' This is a free and open textbook about Taiwanese history. Our goal is to write a high quality textbook about Taiwanese history. Feel free to edit this book if you have knowledge on the history of Taiwan and are fluent in English! This book is originally Chinese and now is translated in to English.

==Contents==
{| border=&quot;0&quot; width=&quot;75%&quot;
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;48%&quot; |
'''Introduction'''
* [[/About Taiwan History|About Taiwan History]] {{stage short|100%|Jun 29, 2026}}

'''Early Taiwan (-1683)'''&lt;br&gt;
1. [[/Prehistorical and the indigenous culture|Prehistorical and the indigenous culture&lt;br&gt;(-1624)]]{{stage short|100%|Jun 28, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
2. [[/The Dutch and Spanish rule|The Dutch and Spanish rule&lt;br&gt;(1624-1662)]] {{stage short|100%|Jun 30, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
3. [[/Kingdom of Tungning|Kingdom of Tungning&lt;br&gt;(1662-1683)]] {{stage short|100%|Jun 30, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
4. [[/Han Chinese migration to Taiwan|Han Chinese migration to Taiwan]] {{stage short|100%|Jun 28, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;

'''Qing Rule (1683–1895)'''&lt;br&gt;
5. [[/Period of Passive Rule over Taiwan|Period of Passive Rule over Taiwan&lt;br&gt;(1683–mid-19th century)]]{{stage short|100%|Jul 2, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
6. [[/The Period of Transformation and the Opening of the Port|The Period of Transformation and the Opening of the Port&lt;br&gt;(1858-1874)]]{{stage short|50%|Jul 5, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
7. [[/The period of active province-building in Taiwan|The period of active province-building in Taiwan&lt;br&gt;(1885-1895)]]{{stage short|25%|Jul 5, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;

'''Japanese Rule (1895-1945)'''&lt;br&gt;
8. [[/Republic of Formosa|Republic of Formosa&lt;br&gt;(1895)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
9. [[/Japanese colonial rule in Taiwan|Japanese colonial rule in Taiwan&lt;br&gt;(1895-1945)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
10. [[Modernized infrastructure in Taiwan|Modernized infrastructure in Taiwan]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
11. [[/The Political Movements of Chiang Wei-shui and Lin Hsien-tang|The Political Movements of Chiang Wei-shui and Lin Hsien-tang&lt;br&gt;(1921-1927)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
12. [[/Taiwan in World War II|Taiwan in World War II&lt;br&gt;(1937-1945)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;

''' ROC Rule (1945-)'''&lt;br&gt;
13. [[/Post-war takeover|Post-war takeover&lt;br&gt;(1945-1949)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
14. [[/February 28 incident|February 28 incident&lt;br&gt;(1947)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
15. [[/ROC retreats to Taiwan|ROC retreats to Taiwan&lt;br&gt;(1949)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 28, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
16. [[/The land reform|The land reform&lt;br&gt;(1950s)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
17. [[/Taiwan Strait Crisis|Taiwan Strait Crisis&lt;br&gt;(1954-)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29,2026}}&lt;br&gt;
18. [[/White Terror|White Terror&lt;br&gt;(1947-1987)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29,2026}}&lt;br&gt;
19. [[/Diplomatic challenges |Diplomatic challenges&lt;br&gt;(1970s)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29,2026}}&lt;br&gt;
20. [[/Economic Miracle|Economic Miracle&lt;br&gt;(1960s-1980s)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29,2026}}&lt;br&gt;
21. [[/Taiwan's democratization|Taiwan's democratization&lt;br&gt;(1987-2000)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29,2026}}&lt;br&gt;
22. [[/Modern Taiwan|Modern Taiwan&lt;br&gt;(2000-)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29，2026}}&lt;br&gt;
|}

== Appendices==
{| border=&quot;0&quot; width=&quot;75%&quot;
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;48%&quot; |
* [[/Historical Maps of Taiwan/]] {{stage short|75%|Jun 29, 2026}}
*[[/Contributors/]]
|}

==Related Books==
*[[History of China]]
*[[Chinese History]]
*[[Chinese (Mandarin)]]
*[[Hokkien]]

{{BookCat}}


{{Shelves|History}}
{{Shelves|Asian history}}
{{Status|25%}}
{{bookCat}}</text>
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&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;font-size:2.8em; color:; margin:0.4em&quot;&gt;'''History of Taiwan'''&lt;/div&gt;
Welcome to the '''Taiwan History Textbook!''' This is a free and open textbook about Taiwanese history. Our goal is to write a high quality textbook about Taiwanese history. Feel free to edit this book if you have knowledge on the history of Taiwan and are fluent in English! This book is originally Chinese and now is translated in to English.

==Contents==
{| border=&quot;0&quot; width=&quot;75%&quot;
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;48%&quot; |
'''Introduction'''
* [[/About Taiwan History|About Taiwan History]] {{stage short|100%|Jun 29, 2026}}

'''Early Taiwan (-1683)'''&lt;br&gt;
1. [[/Prehistorical and the indigenous culture|Prehistorical and the indigenous culture&lt;br&gt;(-1624)]]{{stage short|100%|Jun 28, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
2. [[/The Dutch and Spanish rule|The Dutch and Spanish rule&lt;br&gt;(1624-1662)]] {{stage short|100%|Jun 30, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
3. [[/Kingdom of Tungning|Kingdom of Tungning&lt;br&gt;(1662-1683)]] {{stage short|100%|Jun 30, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
4. [[/Han Chinese migration to Taiwan|Han Chinese migration to Taiwan]] {{stage short|100%|Jun 28, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;

'''Qing Rule (1683–1895)'''&lt;br&gt;
5. [[/Period of Passive Rule over Taiwan|Period of Passive Rule over Taiwan&lt;br&gt;(1683–mid-19th century)]]{{stage short|100%|Jul 2, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
6. [[/The Period of Transformation and the Opening of the Port|The Period of Transformation and the Opening of the Port&lt;br&gt;(1858-1874)]]{{stage short|50%|Jul 5, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
7. [[/The period of active province-building in Taiwan|The period of active province-building in Taiwan&lt;br&gt;(1885-1895)]]{{stage short|25%|Jul 5, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;

'''Japanese Rule (1895-1945)'''&lt;br&gt;
8. [[/Republic of Formosa|Republic of Formosa&lt;br&gt;(1895)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
9. [[/Japanese colonial rule in Taiwan|Japanese colonial rule in Taiwan&lt;br&gt;(1895-1945)]] {{stage short|50%|Jun 29, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
10. [[Modernized infrastructure in Taiwan|Modernized infrastructure in Taiwan]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
11. [[/The Political Movements of Chiang Wei-shui and Lin Hsien-tang|The Political Movements of Chiang Wei-shui and Lin Hsien-tang&lt;br&gt;(1921-1927)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
12. [[/Taiwan in World War II|Taiwan in World War II&lt;br&gt;(1937-1945)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;

''' ROC Rule (1945-)'''&lt;br&gt;
13. [[/Post-war takeover|Post-war takeover&lt;br&gt;(1945-1949)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
14. [[/February 28 incident|February 28 incident&lt;br&gt;(1947)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
15. [[/ROC retreats to Taiwan|ROC retreats to Taiwan&lt;br&gt;(1949)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 28, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
16. [[/The land reform|The land reform&lt;br&gt;(1950s)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
17. [[/Taiwan Strait Crisis|Taiwan Strait Crisis&lt;br&gt;(1954-)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29,2026}}&lt;br&gt;
18. [[/White Terror|White Terror&lt;br&gt;(1947-1987)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29,2026}}&lt;br&gt;
19. [[/Diplomatic challenges |Diplomatic challenges&lt;br&gt;(1970s)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29,2026}}&lt;br&gt;
20. [[/Economic Miracle|Economic Miracle&lt;br&gt;(1960s-1980s)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29,2026}}&lt;br&gt;
21. [[/Taiwan's democratization|Taiwan's democratization&lt;br&gt;(1987-2000)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29,2026}}&lt;br&gt;
22. [[/Modern Taiwan|Modern Taiwan&lt;br&gt;(2000-)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29，2026}}&lt;br&gt;
|}

== Appendices==
{| border=&quot;0&quot; width=&quot;75%&quot;
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;48%&quot; |
* [[/Historical Maps of Taiwan/]] {{stage short|75%|Jun 29, 2026}}
*[[/Contributors/]]
|}

==Related Books==
*[[History of China]]
*[[Chinese History]]
*[[Chinese (Mandarin)]]
*[[Hokkien]]

{{BookCat}}


{{Shelves|History}}
{{Shelves|Asian history}}
{{Status|25%}}
{{bookCat}}</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>4653406</id>
      <parentid>4653404</parentid>
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      <text bytes="3730" sha1="3hsgdc5tpqxifcrjmiekmoglqefds8u" xml:space="preserve">{{New book}}[[File:世界最美總統府.jpg|thumb|The front view of the Office of the President,Taiwan|400px]]
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;font-size:2.8em; color:; margin:0.4em&quot;&gt;'''History of Taiwan'''&lt;/div&gt;
Welcome to the '''Taiwan History Textbook!''' This is a free and open textbook about Taiwanese history. Our goal is to write a high quality textbook about Taiwanese history. Feel free to edit this book if you have knowledge on the history of Taiwan and are fluent in English! This book is originally Chinese and now is translated in to English.

==Contents==
{| border=&quot;0&quot; width=&quot;75%&quot;
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;48%&quot; |
'''Introduction'''
* [[/About Taiwan History|About Taiwan History]] {{stage short|100%|Jun 29, 2026}}

'''Early Taiwan (-1683)'''&lt;br&gt;
1. [[/Prehistorical and the indigenous culture|Prehistorical and the indigenous culture&lt;br&gt;(-1624)]]{{stage short|100%|Jun 28, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
2. [[/The Dutch and Spanish rule|The Dutch and Spanish rule&lt;br&gt;(1624-1662)]] {{stage short|100%|Jun 30, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
3. [[/Kingdom of Tungning|Kingdom of Tungning&lt;br&gt;(1662-1683)]] {{stage short|100%|Jun 30, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
4. [[/Han Chinese migration to Taiwan|Han Chinese migration to Taiwan]] {{stage short|100%|Jun 28, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;

'''Qing Rule (1683–1895)'''&lt;br&gt;
5. [[/Period of Passive Rule over Taiwan|Period of Passive Rule over Taiwan&lt;br&gt;(1683–mid-19th century)]]{{stage short|100%|Jul 2, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
6. [[/The Period of Transformation and the Opening of the Port|The Period of Transformation and the Opening of the Port&lt;br&gt;(1858-1874)]]{{stage short|50%|Jul 5, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
7. [[/The period of active province-building in Taiwan|The period of active province-building in Taiwan&lt;br&gt;(1885-1895)]]{{stage short|25%|Jul 5, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;

'''Japanese Rule (1895-1945)'''&lt;br&gt;
8. [[/Republic of Formosa|Republic of Formosa&lt;br&gt;(1895)]] {{stage short|75%|Jun 29, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
9. [[/Japanese colonial rule in Taiwan|Japanese colonial rule in Taiwan&lt;br&gt;(1895-1945)]] {{stage short|50%|Jun 29, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
10. [[Modernized infrastructure in Taiwan|Modernized infrastructure in Taiwan]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
11. [[/The Political Movements of Chiang Wei-shui and Lin Hsien-tang|The Political Movements of Chiang Wei-shui and Lin Hsien-tang&lt;br&gt;(1921-1927)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
12. [[/Taiwan in World War II|Taiwan in World War II&lt;br&gt;(1937-1945)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;

''' ROC Rule (1945-)'''&lt;br&gt;
13. [[/Post-war takeover|Post-war takeover&lt;br&gt;(1945-1949)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
14. [[/February 28 incident|February 28 incident&lt;br&gt;(1947)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
15. [[/ROC retreats to Taiwan|ROC retreats to Taiwan&lt;br&gt;(1949)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 28, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
16. [[/The land reform|The land reform&lt;br&gt;(1950s)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
17. [[/Taiwan Strait Crisis|Taiwan Strait Crisis&lt;br&gt;(1954-)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29,2026}}&lt;br&gt;
18. [[/White Terror|White Terror&lt;br&gt;(1947-1987)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29,2026}}&lt;br&gt;
19. [[/Diplomatic challenges |Diplomatic challenges&lt;br&gt;(1970s)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29,2026}}&lt;br&gt;
20. [[/Economic Miracle|Economic Miracle&lt;br&gt;(1960s-1980s)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29,2026}}&lt;br&gt;
21. [[/Taiwan's democratization|Taiwan's democratization&lt;br&gt;(1987-2000)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29,2026}}&lt;br&gt;
22. [[/Modern Taiwan|Modern Taiwan&lt;br&gt;(2000-)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29，2026}}&lt;br&gt;
|}

== Appendices==
{| border=&quot;0&quot; width=&quot;75%&quot;
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;48%&quot; |
* [[/Historical Maps of Taiwan/]] {{stage short|75%|Jun 29, 2026}}
*[[/Contributors/]]
|}

==Related Books==
*[[History of China]]
*[[Chinese History]]
*[[Chinese (Mandarin)]]
*[[Hokkien]]

{{BookCat}}


{{Shelves|History}}
{{Shelves|Asian history}}
{{Status|25%}}
{{bookCat}}</text>
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      <text bytes="3752" sha1="2c7il7vb1xd34gndif9pkgp78vgu246" xml:space="preserve">{{New book}}[[File:世界最美總統府.jpg|thumb|The front view of the Office of the President,Taiwan|400px]]
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;font-size:2.8em; color:; margin:0.4em&quot;&gt;'''History of Taiwan'''&lt;/div&gt;
Welcome to the '''Taiwan History Textbook!''' This is a free and open textbook about Taiwanese history. Our goal is to write a high quality textbook about Taiwanese history. Feel free to edit this book if you have knowledge on the history of Taiwan and are fluent in English! This book is originally Chinese and now is translated in to English.

==Contents==
{| border=&quot;0&quot; width=&quot;75%&quot;
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;48%&quot; |
'''Introduction'''
* [[/About Taiwan History|About Taiwan History]] {{stage short|100%|Jun 29, 2026}}

'''Early Taiwan (-1683)'''&lt;br&gt;
1. [[/Prehistorical and the indigenous culture|Prehistorical and the indigenous culture&lt;br&gt;(-1624)]]{{stage short|100%|Jun 28, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
2. [[/The Dutch and Spanish rule|The Dutch and Spanish rule&lt;br&gt;(1624-1662)]] {{stage short|100%|Jun 30, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
3. [[/Kingdom of Tungning|Kingdom of Tungning&lt;br&gt;(1662-1683)]] {{stage short|100%|Jun 30, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
4. [[/Han Chinese migration to Taiwan|Han Chinese migration to Taiwan]] {{stage short|100%|Jun 28, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;

'''Qing Rule (1683–1895)'''&lt;br&gt;
5. [[/Period of Passive Rule over Taiwan|Period of Passive Rule over Taiwan&lt;br&gt;(1683–mid-19th century)]]{{stage short|100%|Jul 2, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
6. [[/The Period of Transformation and the Opening of the Port|The Period of Transformation and the Opening of the Port&lt;br&gt;(1858-1874)]]{{stage short|50%|Jul 5, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
7. [[/The period of active province-building in Taiwan|The period of active province-building in Taiwan&lt;br&gt;(1885-1895)]]{{stage short|25%|Jul 5, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;

'''Japanese Rule (1895-1945)'''&lt;br&gt;
8. [[/Republic of Formosa|Republic of Formosa&lt;br&gt;(1895)]] {{stage short|75%|Jun 29, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
9. [[/Japanese colonial rule in Taiwan|Japanese colonial rule in Taiwan&lt;br&gt;(1895-1945)]] {{stage short|50%|Jun 29, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
10. [[Modernized infrastructure in Taiwan|Modernized infrastructure in Taiwan]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
11. [[/The Political Movements of Chiang Wei-shui and Lin Hsien-tang|The Political Movements of Chiang Wei-shui and Lin Hsien-tang&lt;br&gt;(1921-1927)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
12. [[/Taiwan in World War II|Taiwan in World War II&lt;br&gt;(1937-1945)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;

''' ROC Rule (1945-)'''&lt;br&gt;
13. [[/Post-war takeover|Post-war takeover&lt;br&gt;(1945-1949)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
14. [[/February 28 incident|February 28 incident&lt;br&gt;(1947)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
15. [[/ROC retreats to Taiwan|ROC retreats to Taiwan&lt;br&gt;(1949)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 28, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
16. [[/The land reform|The land reform&lt;br&gt;(1950s)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
17. [[/Taiwan Strait Crisis|Taiwan Strait Crisis&lt;br&gt;(1954-)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29,2026}}&lt;br&gt;
18. [[/White Terror|White Terror&lt;br&gt;(1947-1987)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29,2026}}&lt;br&gt;
19. [[/Diplomatic challenges |Diplomatic challenges&lt;br&gt;(1970s)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29,2026}}&lt;br&gt;
20. [[/Economic Miracle|Economic Miracle&lt;br&gt;(1960s-1980s)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29,2026}}&lt;br&gt;
21. [[/Taiwan's democratization|Taiwan's democratization&lt;br&gt;(1987-2000)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29,2026}}&lt;br&gt;
22. [[/Modern Taiwan|Modern Taiwan&lt;br&gt;(2000-)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29，2026}}&lt;br&gt;
|}

== Appendices==
{| border=&quot;0&quot; width=&quot;75%&quot;
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;48%&quot; |
* [[/Historical Maps of Taiwan/]] {{stage short|75%|Jun 29, 2026}}
* [[/Print version/]]
*[[/Contributors/]]
|}

==Related Books==
*[[History of China]]
*[[Chinese History]]
*[[Chinese (Mandarin)]]
*[[Hokkien]]

{{BookCat}}


{{Shelves|History}}
{{Shelves|Asian history}}
{{Status|25%}}
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    <title>Taiwan history/The Period of Transformation and the Opening of the Port</title>
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      <contributor>
        <username>一隻北極熊</username>
        <id>3609960</id>
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      <comment>/* Culture */</comment>
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      <text bytes="1326" sha1="lwtjy4hswh10k1jof0qpah52l1ivctd" xml:space="preserve">Taiwan’s historical transformation into a global trade hub began in the 1860s when international treaties (1860 Treaty of Tientsin) forced the opening of the island's ports, including Port of Keelung, Port of Kaohsiung, and Tamsui. This shift integrated Taiwan into the global market through lucrative commodity exports like oolong tea, camphor, and sugar.
==Economy==
With the rise of export industries such as tea and camphor, the economic center of gravity gradually shifted from the early triad of Tainan, Lukang and Bangka (Wanhua) to Dadaocheng and Keelung in the north.
===Taiwan Tea Exporting===
1865, a Scottish merchant named John Dodd arrived in Taiwan and recognized the immense global potential of local semi-processed oolong tea. He established Dodd &amp; Co. in Dadaocheng (Taipei) to centralize production. Four years later, Dodd famously leased two large clipper ships and exported roughly 128 metric tons of premium Taiwanese oolong directly to New York. Sold under the brand name &quot;Formosa Oolong,&quot; the tea became an instant luxury sensation in Western markets.
==Culture==
[[File:馬偕牧師照片.jpg|thumb|George Leslie Mackay]]
Some western missionaries such as James Laidlaw Maxwell in the south and George Leslie Mackay in the north built hospital and introduce modern healthcare to Taiwan. 
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      <text bytes="1933" sha1="dc6t8n770xxgctsdw75ouy0rhtkhlln" xml:space="preserve">Taiwan’s historical transformation into a global trade hub began in the 1860s when international treaties (1860 Treaty of Tientsin) forced the opening of the island's ports, including Port of Keelung, Port of Kaohsiung, and Tamsui. This shift integrated Taiwan into the global market through lucrative commodity exports like oolong tea, camphor, and sugar.
==Economy==
With the rise of export industries such as tea and camphor, the economic center of gravity gradually shifted from the early triad of Tainan, Lukang and Bangka (Wanhua) to Dadaocheng and Keelung in the north.
===Taiwan Tea Exporting===
1865, a Scottish merchant named John Dodd arrived in Taiwan and recognized the immense global potential of local semi-processed oolong tea. He established Dodd &amp; Co. in Dadaocheng (Taipei) to centralize production. Four years later, Dodd famously leased two large clipper ships and exported roughly 128 metric tons of premium Taiwanese oolong directly to New York. Sold under the brand name &quot;Formosa Oolong,&quot; the tea became an instant luxury sensation in Western markets.
==Culture==
[[File:馬偕牧師照片.jpg|thumb|George Leslie Mackay]]
Some western missionaries such as James Laidlaw Maxwell in the south and George Leslie Mackay in the north built hospital and introduce modern healthcare to Taiwan.
===James Laidlaw Maxwell===
A Scottish physician representing the English Presbyterian Mission, Maxwell arrived in southern Taiwan in 1865. He established Taiwan's first Western-style clinic/hospital in Tainan, which eventually became known as the Sin-lâu Hospital.
===George Leslie Mackay===
A pioneering Canadian Presbyterian missionary, Mackay arrived in Tamsui in 1872. In 1880, funded by a donation from an American captain's widow, he opened the Hobe MacKay Clinic, northern Taiwan's first Western medical facility. This institution was later relocated to Taipei and renamed MacKay Memorial Hospital.
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      <text bytes="1032" sha1="05981ugpkg46ej528osbagt3tqop8wd" xml:space="preserve">After China (Qing) lost the First Sino-Japanese War in 1895, the Chinese government signed the Treaty of Shimonoseki, forcing them to give up the territory of Taiwan and other parts of China. 
==The establishment of Republic of Formosa==
Because the imperial Qing court could not openly violate the peace treaty, local gentry and Qing officials on the island devised a plan. By declaring an independent republic, they hoped to attract Western military intervention and build a proxy state that would eventually return to Chinese rule. The reign name of the republic, &quot;Yongqing&quot;(永清) means &quot;forever Qing&quot;.
[[File:Flag of the Republic of Formosa (1895).svg|thumb|Flag of Republic of Formosa]]
==The fall of Republic of Formosa==
The republic was proclaimed on May 23, 1895, and collapsed on October 21, 1895, that existed for exactly 151 days in 1895. It collapsed when Japanese forces captured its final stronghold in Tainan.
==Learn more==
*[[w:republic of formosa|A Wikipedia article about the Republic of Formosa]]

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    <title>Taiwan history/Japanese colonial rule in Taiwan</title>
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      <parentid>4652712</parentid>
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      <contributor>
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      <text bytes="1198" sha1="87ctqo45d9y3ujeisgytp94bx4mju4w" xml:space="preserve">After the fall of Republic of Formosa, Japan begins its colonial rule in Taiwan.
==Period of military rule==
Following the initial military invasion, the Office of the Governor-General crushed armed insurgencies and implemented a strict police state. Civilian Administrator Goto Shinpei laid the groundwork for modernization by standardizing currency, conducting land surveys, and eliminating epidemics.
==Rebellion==
After the fall of Republic of Formosa, there were new rebellion started, such as the Musha Incident and the Tapani incident.
===Taipani Incident (1915)===
Led by Yu Ching-fang and others, insurgents utilized religious and millenarian beliefs to rally Han and Aboriginal fighters, attacking multiple Japanese police stations in the Tainan region.
===Musha Incident (1930)===
The Musha Incident is the final major uprising during the Japanese rule in Taiwan. Pushed to the brink by years of forced labor and cultural suppression, Seediq indigenous warriors led by Chief Mona Rudao attacked a school during sports day in Wushe (Musha), killing over 130 Japanese. Japan responded with devastating counter-attacks using poison gas, resulting in heavy indigenous casualties.
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      <text bytes="1215" sha1="6bxgkjtnt4c6afwavu8h8ng1ukfxm0j" xml:space="preserve">After the fall of Republic of Formosa in the year 1895, Japan begins its colonial rule in Taiwan.
==Period of military rule==
Following the initial military invasion, the Office of the Governor-General crushed armed insurgencies and implemented a strict police state. Civilian Administrator Goto Shinpei laid the groundwork for modernization by standardizing currency, conducting land surveys, and eliminating epidemics.
==Rebellion==
After the fall of Republic of Formosa, there were new rebellion started, such as the Musha Incident and the Tapani incident.
===Taipani Incident (1915)===
Led by Yu Ching-fang and others, insurgents utilized religious and millenarian beliefs to rally Han and Aboriginal fighters, attacking multiple Japanese police stations in the Tainan region.
===Musha Incident (1930)===
The Musha Incident is the final major uprising during the Japanese rule in Taiwan. Pushed to the brink by years of forced labor and cultural suppression, Seediq indigenous warriors led by Chief Mona Rudao attacked a school during sports day in Wushe (Musha), killing over 130 Japanese. Japan responded with devastating counter-attacks using poison gas, resulting in heavy indigenous casualties.
{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>6bxgkjtnt4c6afwavu8h8ng1ukfxm0j</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4653403</id>
      <parentid>4653402</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-09T15:12:57Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>一隻北極熊</username>
        <id>3609960</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Rebellion */</comment>
      <origin>4653403</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1281" sha1="5kf58u4w7f1gum1us7mz4wu0x8n9mey" xml:space="preserve">After the fall of Republic of Formosa in the year 1895, Japan begins its colonial rule in Taiwan.
==Period of military rule==
Following the initial military invasion, the Office of the Governor-General crushed armed insurgencies and implemented a strict police state. Civilian Administrator Goto Shinpei laid the groundwork for modernization by standardizing currency, conducting land surveys, and eliminating epidemics.
==Rebellion==
After the fall of Republic of Formosa, there were new rebellion started, such as the Musha Incident and the Tapani incident.
===Taipani Incident (1915)===
Led by Yu Ching-fang and others, insurgents utilized religious and millenarian beliefs to rally Han and Aboriginal fighters, attacking multiple Japanese police stations in the Tainan region.
===Musha Incident (1930)===
[[file:The scene of the Wushe Incident.JPG|thumb|Musha Incident]]
The Musha Incident is the final major uprising during the Japanese rule in Taiwan. Pushed to the brink by years of forced labor and cultural suppression, Seediq indigenous warriors led by Chief Mona Rudao attacked a school during sports day in Wushe (Musha), killing over 130 Japanese. Japan responded with devastating counter-attacks using poison gas, resulting in heavy indigenous casualties.
{{BookCat}}</text>
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    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...c6/2. d4/2...d5/3. exd5/3...cxd5/4. c4/4...Nf6/5. Nc3/5...Nc6/6. Nf3/6...Bg4/7. cxd5/7...Nxd5/8. Qb3/8...Bxf3/9. gxf3/9...e6/10. Qxb7/10...Nxd4/11. Bb5</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>484586</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4653423</id>
      <parentid>4653375</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-09T20:21:24Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Greenman</username>
        <id>7490</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Theory table */ 11</comment>
      <origin>4653423</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1125" sha1="jzu90diek11cbfn9wizxk9qvhzr6zbm" xml:space="preserve">{{Chess Opening Theory/Position|=
|Caro-Kann Panov-Botvinnik Attack|
   |rd|  |  |qd|kd|bd||rd|=
   |pd|ql|  |  |  |pd|pd|pd|=
   |  |  |  |  |pd|  |  |  |=
   |  |bl|  |nd|  |  |  |  |=
   |  |  |  |nd|  |  |  |  |=
   |  |  |nl|  |  |pl|  |  |=
   |pl|pl|  |  |  |pl|  |pl|=
   |rl|  |bl|  |kl|  |  |rl|=
|moves=1.e4 c6 2.d4 d5 3.exd5 cxd5 4.c4 Nf6 5. Nc3 Nc6 6. Nf3 Bg4 7. cxd5 Nxd5 8. Qb3 Bxf3 9. gxf3 e6 10. Qxb7 Nxd4 11. Bb5+
|parent=[[Chess/Caro-Kann Defence|Caro-Kann]]
|eco=[[Chess/ECOB|B13-B14]]
}}
= 11. Bb5+ · Caro-Kann Panov-Botvinnik Attack=
11... Nxb5 is the only response.

==Theory table==
{{Chess Opening Theory/Table}}

1.e4 c6 2.d4 d5 3.exd5 cxd5 4. c4 Nf6 5. Nc3 Nc6 6. Nf3 Bg4 7. cxd5 Nxd5 8. Qb3 Bxf3 9. gxf3 e6 10. Qxb7 Nxd4 11. Bb5+
&lt;table border=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;4&quot;&gt;
	&lt;tr&gt;
		&lt;th&gt;&lt;/th&gt;
		&lt;th align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;11&lt;/th&gt;
	&lt;/tr&gt;
	&lt;tr&gt;
		&lt;td&gt;[[/11...Nxb5|Nxb5]]

&lt;/td&gt;
	&lt;/tr&gt;
	
&lt;/table&gt;
{{ChessMid}}
{{Wikipedia|Panov-Botvinnik Attack}}

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{NCO}}
{{MCO14}}
{{BCO2}}
* ''Play the Caro-Kann''. 2007. Jovanka Houska {{ISBN|9781857447965}}
{{Chess Opening Theory/Footer}}</text>
      <sha1>jzu90diek11cbfn9wizxk9qvhzr6zbm</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Chinese (Mandarin)/Lesson 17/Examples</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>484590</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4653398</id>
      <timestamp>2026-07-09T14:20:00Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>一隻北極熊</username>
        <id>3609960</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; ! Simplified (简) ! Traditional (繁) ! Pinyin 1 ! Example 1 ! Pinyin 2 ! Example 2 |- | 长 | 長 | cháng | 长度 | zhǎng | 长高 |- | 行 | 行 | xíng | 行走 | háng | 第一行 |- | 得 | 得 | dé | 得到 | děi | 总得 |- | 还 | 還 | hái | 还要 | huán | 还钱 |- | 好 | 好 | hǎo | 好棒 | hào | 好客 |- | 乐 | 樂 | lè | 快乐 | yuè | 音乐 |- | 觉 | 覺 | jué | 察觉 | jiào | 睡觉 |- | 看 | 看 | kàn...&quot;</comment>
      <origin>4653398</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="792" sha1="a4sme2p4pdvmzuls9goybrne4wsgebw" xml:space="preserve">{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
! Simplified (简)
! Traditional (繁)
! Pinyin 1
! Example 1
! Pinyin 2
! Example 2
|-
| 长
| 長
| cháng
| 长度
| zhǎng
| 长高
|-
| 行
| 行
| xíng
| 行走
| háng
| 第一行
|-
| 得
| 得
| dé
| 得到
| děi
| 总得
|-
| 还
| 還
| hái
| 还要
| huán
| 还钱
|-
| 好
| 好
| hǎo
| 好棒
| hào
| 好客
|-
| 乐
| 樂
| lè
| 快乐
| yuè
| 音乐
|-
| 觉
| 覺
| jué
| 察觉
| jiào
| 睡觉
|-
| 看
| 看
| kàn
| 看书
| kān
| 看门
|-
| 少
| 少
| shǎo
| 少量
| shào
| 少女
|-
| 便
| 便
| biàn
| 便利
| pián
| 便宜
|-
| 重
| 重
| zhòng
| 重物
| chóng
| 重复
|-
| 发
| 發
| fā
| 批发
| fà
| 头发
|-
| 调
| 調
| tiáo
| 调味
| diào
| 声调
|-
| 切
| 切
| qiē
| 切菜
| qiè
| 切记
|}</text>
      <sha1>a4sme2p4pdvmzuls9goybrne4wsgebw</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4653399</id>
      <parentid>4653398</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-09T14:26:45Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>一隻北極熊</username>
        <id>3609960</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4653399</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1084" sha1="bgr87qft850nokck8tadxzu33rvacm6" xml:space="preserve">{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
! Simplified (简)
! Traditional (繁)
! Pinyin 1
! Example 1
! Pinyin 2
! Example 2
|-
| 长
| 長
| cháng
| 长度(length)
| zhǎng
| 长高(Growing taller)
|-
| 行
| 行
| xíng
| 行走(walk)
| háng
| 第一行(first row)
|-
| 得
| 得
| dé
| 得到(get)
| děi
| 总得(must)
|-
| 还
| 還
| hái
| 还要(still need)
| huán
| 还钱(return money)
|-
| 好
| 好
| hǎo
| 好棒(good)
| hào
| 好客(hospitable）
|-
| 乐
| 樂
| lè
| 快乐(happy)
| yuè
| 音乐(music)
|-
| 觉
| 覺
| jué
| 察觉(aware)
| jiào
| 睡觉(sleep)
|-
| 看
| 看
| kàn
| 看书(read book)
| kān
| 看门(look after the house)
|-
| 少
| 少
| shǎo
| 少量(little amount)
| shào
| 少女(young girl)
|-
| 便
| 便
| biàn
| 便利(convenient)
| pián
| 便宜(cheap)
|-
| 重
| 重
| zhòng
| 重物(heavy thing)
| chóng
| 重复(repeat)
|-
| 发
| 發
| fā
| 批发(Wholesale）
| fà
| 头发(hair)
|-
| 调
| 調
| tiáo
| 调味(Seasoning)
| diào
| 声调(tone)
|-
| 切
| 切
| qiē
| 切菜(cut vegetable)
| qiè
| 切记(must remember)
|}</text>
      <sha1>bgr87qft850nokck8tadxzu33rvacm6</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>User:Gauri Guptaa/chapterNavInjector.js</title>
    <ns>2</ns>
    <id>484592</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4653410</id>
      <timestamp>2026-07-09T18:13:49Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Gauri Guptaa</username>
        <id>3612563</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Inter-chapter Navigation Injector</comment>
      <origin>4653410</origin>
      <model>javascript</model>
      <format>text/javascript</format>
      <text bytes="4267" sha1="bzay9o9h37la43ekvtb5fpeamgwzjtn" xml:space="preserve">/**
 * Inter-chapter Navigation Injector — auto-detects sibling chapters of a
 * Wikibooks book (via subpage listing) and injects &quot;Previous / Next
 * chapter&quot; links, but only if the page doesn't already have manual
 * navigation (e.g. via {{chapter navigation}} template).
 *
 * Save at: en.wikibooks.org/wiki/User:Gauri_Guptaa/chapterNavInjector.js
 * Load via common.js:
 *   mw.loader.load('/w/index.php?title=User:Gauri_Guptaa/chapterNavInjector.js&amp;action=raw&amp;ctype=text/javascript');
 *
 * @author  [[User:Gauri_Guptaa]]
 * @license CC0-1.0
 */
/* global mw */
( function () {
	'use strict';

	if ( mw.config.get( 'wgAction' ) !== 'view' ) { return; }
	if ( mw.config.get( 'wgNamespaceNumber' ) !== 0 ) { return; } // main/book namespace only

	var pageName = mw.config.get( 'wgPageName' );
	if ( pageName.indexOf( '/' ) === -1 ) { return; } // not a subpage/chapter — nothing to link

	var bookRoot = pageName.split( '/' )[ 0 ];
	var depth = pageName.split( '/' ).length;

	mw.util.addCSS(
		'.cni-nav{' +
			'display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;' +
			'border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-radius:4px;padding:8px 14px;margin:1em 0;' +
			'background:var(--background-color-interactive,#f8f9fa);font-size:13px;' +
		'}' +
		'.cni-nav a{color:#3366cc;font-weight:600;}' +
		'.cni-nav a:hover{text-decoration:underline;}' +
		'.cni-book{color:#54595d;font-size:12px;}' +
		'.cni-spacer{flex:1;text-align:center;}'
	);

	var api = new mw.Api();

	/**
	 * Natural sort comparator so &quot;Chapter 2&quot; sorts before &quot;Chapter 10&quot;.
	 */
	function naturalCompare( a, b ) {
		return a.localeCompare( b, undefined, { numeric: true, sensitivity: 'base' } );
	}

	/**
	 * Fetch all subpages of the book at the same depth as the current page.
	 *
	 * @return {jQuery.Promise&lt;Array&lt;string&gt;&gt;}
	 */
	function fetchSiblingChapters() {
		return api.get( {
			action: 'query', list: 'allpages',
			apprefix: bookRoot + '/', apnamespace: 0, aplimit: 'max', format: 'json'
		} ).then( function ( data ) {
			var pages = ( data.query &amp;&amp; data.query.allpages ) || [];
			var titles = pages.map( function ( p ) { return p.title; } )
				.filter( function ( t ) { return t.split( '/' ).length === depth; } ); // same level only
			titles.sort( naturalCompare );
			return titles;
		} ).catch( function () { return []; } );
	}

	/**
	 * Heuristic: does the page already have a manual prev/next nav?
	 * Looks for common Wikibooks nav template output — a &quot;noprint&quot; div
	 * near top/bottom containing links, or specific known classes.
	 */
	function hasExistingNav() {
		return $( '#mw-content-text .noprint a[href*=&quot;/&quot;]' ).length &gt; 0;
	}

	function buildNavBox( prevTitle, nextTitle ) {
		var $box = $( '&lt;div class=&quot;cni-nav&quot;&gt;' );

		if ( prevTitle ) {
			$box.append( $( '&lt;a&gt;' ).attr( 'href', mw.util.getUrl( prevTitle ) )
				.text( '← ' + prevTitle.split( '/' ).pop() ) );
		} else {
			$box.append( $( '&lt;span&gt;' ) );
		}

		$box.append( $( '&lt;span class=&quot;cni-book&quot;&gt;' ).text( bookRoot ) );

		if ( nextTitle ) {
			$box.append( $( '&lt;a&gt;' ).attr( 'href', mw.util.getUrl( nextTitle ) )
				.text( nextTitle.split( '/' ).pop() + ' →' ) );
		} else {
			$box.append( $( '&lt;span&gt;' ) );
		}

		return $box;
	}

	function init() {
		if ( hasExistingNav() ) { return; } // don't duplicate manual navigation

		fetchSiblingChapters().then( function ( chapters ) {
			var idx = chapters.indexOf( pageName );
			if ( idx === -1 ) { return; } // current page not found among siblings, bail safely

			var prevTitle = idx &gt; 0 ? chapters[ idx - 1 ] : null;
			var nextTitle = idx &lt; chapters.length - 1 ? chapters[ idx + 1 ] : null;
			if ( !prevTitle &amp;&amp; !nextTitle ) { return; } // only one chapter in book, nothing to link

			var $topBox = buildNavBox( prevTitle, nextTitle );
			var $bottomBox = $topBox.clone( true );

			var $heading = $( '#firstHeading' );
			var $content = $( '#content' );
			if ( $content.length ) {
				$content.after( $topBox ); // just below the whole content header area, above article text visually via CSS margin
			} else if ( $heading.length ) {
				$heading.after( $topBox );
			}

			$( '#mw-content-text' ).append( $bottomBox );
		} );
	}

	mw.loader.using( [ 'mediawiki.api', 'mediawiki.util' ] ).then( function () {
		$( init );
	} );

}() );</text>
      <sha1>bzay9o9h37la43ekvtb5fpeamgwzjtn</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4653415</id>
      <parentid>4653410</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-09T18:42:19Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Gauri Guptaa</username>
        <id>3612563</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4653415</origin>
      <model>javascript</model>
      <format>text/javascript</format>
      <text bytes="4176" sha1="g7ahilbcymcpv3snprmhmwris47i54c" xml:space="preserve">/**
 * Inter-chapter Navigation Injector — auto-detects sibling chapters of a
 * Wikibooks book (via subpage listing) and injects &quot;Previous / Next
 * chapter&quot; links, but only if the page doesn't already have manual
 * navigation (e.g. via {{chapter navigation}} template).
 *
 * Save at: en.wikibooks.org/wiki/User:Gauri_Guptaa/chapterNavInjector.js
 * Load via common.js:
 *   mw.loader.load('/w/index.php?title=User:Gauri_Guptaa/chapterNavInjector.js&amp;action=raw&amp;ctype=text/javascript');
 *
 * @author  [[User:Gauri_Guptaa]]
 * @license CC0-1.0
 */
/* global mw */
( function () {
	'use strict';

	if ( mw.config.get( 'wgAction' ) !== 'view' ) { return; }

	var pageName = mw.config.get( 'wgPageName' );
	if ( pageName.indexOf( '/' ) === -1 ) { return; } // not a subpage/chapter — nothing to link

	var bookRoot = pageName.split( '/' )[ 0 ];
	var depth = pageName.split( '/' ).length;

	mw.util.addCSS(
		'.cni-nav{' +
			'display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;' +
			'border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-radius:4px;padding:8px 14px;margin:1em 0;' +
			'background:var(--background-color-interactive,#f8f9fa);font-size:13px;' +
		'}' +
		'.cni-nav a{color:#3366cc;font-weight:600;}' +
		'.cni-nav a:hover{text-decoration:underline;}' +
		'.cni-book{color:#54595d;font-size:12px;}' +
		'.cni-spacer{flex:1;text-align:center;}'
	);

	var api = new mw.Api();

	/**
	 * Natural sort comparator so &quot;Chapter 2&quot; sorts before &quot;Chapter 10&quot;.
	 */
	function naturalCompare( a, b ) {
		return a.localeCompare( b, undefined, { numeric: true, sensitivity: 'base' } );
	}

	/**
	 * Fetch all subpages of the book at the same depth as the current page.
	 *
	 * @return {jQuery.Promise&lt;Array&lt;string&gt;&gt;}
	 */
	function fetchSiblingChapters() {
		return api.get( {
			action: 'query', list: 'allpages',
			apprefix: bookRoot + '/', apnamespace: 0, aplimit: 'max', format: 'json'
		} ).then( function ( data ) {
			var pages = ( data.query &amp;&amp; data.query.allpages ) || [];
			var titles = pages.map( function ( p ) { return p.title; } )
				.filter( function ( t ) { return t.split( '/' ).length === depth; } ); // same level only
			titles.sort( naturalCompare );
			return titles;
		} ).catch( function () { return []; } );
	}

	/**
	 * Heuristic: does the page already have a manual prev/next nav?
	 * Looks for common Wikibooks nav template output — a &quot;noprint&quot; div
	 * near top/bottom containing links, or specific known classes.
	 */
	function hasExistingNav() {
		return $( '#mw-content-text .noprint a[href*=&quot;/&quot;]' ).length &gt; 0;
	}

	function buildNavBox( prevTitle, nextTitle ) {
		var $box = $( '&lt;div class=&quot;cni-nav&quot;&gt;' );

		if ( prevTitle ) {
			$box.append( $( '&lt;a&gt;' ).attr( 'href', mw.util.getUrl( prevTitle ) )
				.text( '← ' + prevTitle.split( '/' ).pop() ) );
		} else {
			$box.append( $( '&lt;span&gt;' ) );
		}

		$box.append( $( '&lt;span class=&quot;cni-book&quot;&gt;' ).text( bookRoot ) );

		if ( nextTitle ) {
			$box.append( $( '&lt;a&gt;' ).attr( 'href', mw.util.getUrl( nextTitle ) )
				.text( nextTitle.split( '/' ).pop() + ' →' ) );
		} else {
			$box.append( $( '&lt;span&gt;' ) );
		}

		return $box;
	}

	function init() {
		if ( hasExistingNav() ) { return; } // don't duplicate manual navigation

		fetchSiblingChapters().then( function ( chapters ) {
			var idx = chapters.indexOf( pageName );
			if ( idx === -1 ) { return; } // current page not found among siblings, bail safely

			var prevTitle = idx &gt; 0 ? chapters[ idx - 1 ] : null;
			var nextTitle = idx &lt; chapters.length - 1 ? chapters[ idx + 1 ] : null;
			if ( !prevTitle &amp;&amp; !nextTitle ) { return; } // only one chapter in book, nothing to link

			var $topBox = buildNavBox( prevTitle, nextTitle );
			var $bottomBox = $topBox.clone( true );

			var $heading = $( '#firstHeading' );
			var $content = $( '#content' );
			if ( $content.length ) {
				$content.after( $topBox ); // just below the whole content header area, above article text visually via CSS margin
			} else if ( $heading.length ) {
				$heading.after( $topBox );
			}

			$( '#mw-content-text' ).append( $bottomBox );
		} );
	}

	mw.loader.using( [ 'mediawiki.api', 'mediawiki.util' ] ).then( function () {
		$( init );
	} );

}() );</text>
      <sha1>g7ahilbcymcpv3snprmhmwris47i54c</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4653416</id>
      <parentid>4653415</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-09T18:43:36Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Gauri Guptaa</username>
        <id>3612563</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4653416</origin>
      <model>javascript</model>
      <format>text/javascript</format>
      <text bytes="4459" sha1="jtgy7lx3okrzw69hffeuj0zw5w2m58l" xml:space="preserve">/**
 * Inter-chapter Navigation Injector — auto-detects sibling chapters of a
 * Wikibooks book (via subpage listing) and injects &quot;Previous / Next
 * chapter&quot; links, but only if the page doesn't already link to either
 * neighbouring chapter (avoids duplicating manual/custom nav templates,
 * whatever their name or CSS class).
 *
 * Save at: en.wikibooks.org/wiki/User:Gauri_Guptaa/chapterNavInjector.js
 * Load via common.js:
 *   mw.loader.load('/w/index.php?title=User:Gauri_Guptaa/chapterNavInjector.js&amp;action=raw&amp;ctype=text/javascript');
 *
 * @author  [[User:Gauri_Guptaa]]
 * @license CC0-1.0
 */
/* global mw */
( function () {
	'use strict';

	if ( mw.config.get( 'wgAction' ) !== 'view' ) { return; }
	// if ( mw.config.get( 'wgNamespaceNumber' ) !== 0 ) { return; } // main/book namespace only

	var pageName = mw.config.get( 'wgPageName' );
	if ( pageName.indexOf( '/' ) === -1 ) { return; } // not a subpage/chapter — nothing to link

	var bookRoot = pageName.split( '/' )[ 0 ];
	var depth = pageName.split( '/' ).length;

	mw.util.addCSS(
		'.cni-nav{' +
			'display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;' +
			'border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-radius:4px;padding:8px 14px;margin:1em 0;' +
			'background:var(--background-color-interactive,#f8f9fa);font-size:13px;' +
		'}' +
		'.cni-nav a{color:#3366cc;font-weight:600;}' +
		'.cni-nav a:hover{text-decoration:underline;}' +
		'.cni-book{color:#54595d;font-size:12px;}'
	);

	var api = new mw.Api();

	/**
	 * Natural sort comparator so &quot;Chapter 2&quot; sorts before &quot;Chapter 10&quot;.
	 */
	function naturalCompare( a, b ) {
		return a.localeCompare( b, undefined, { numeric: true, sensitivity: 'base' } );
	}

	/**
	 * Fetch all subpages of the book at the same depth as the current page.
	 *
	 * @return {jQuery.Promise&lt;Array&lt;string&gt;&gt;}
	 */
	function fetchSiblingChapters() {
		return api.get( {
			action: 'query', list: 'allpages',
			apprefix: bookRoot + '/', apnamespace: 0, aplimit: 'max', format: 'json'
		} ).then( function ( data ) {
			var pages = ( data.query &amp;&amp; data.query.allpages ) || [];
			var titles = pages.map( function ( p ) { return p.title; } )
				.filter( function ( t ) { return t.split( '/' ).length === depth; } ); // same level only
			titles.sort( naturalCompare );
			return titles;
		} ).catch( function () { return []; } );
	}

	/**
	 * Check if the article already contains a link to the given page title —
	 * used to detect existing manual navigation, regardless of what
	 * template or CSS class the book happens to use for it.
	 */
	function alreadyLinksTo( title ) {
		if ( !title ) { return false; }
		var url = mw.util.getUrl( title );
		return $( '#mw-content-text a[href=&quot;' + url + '&quot;]' ).length &gt; 0;
	}

	function buildNavBox( prevTitle, nextTitle ) {
		var $box = $( '&lt;div class=&quot;cni-nav&quot;&gt;' );

		if ( prevTitle ) {
			$box.append( $( '&lt;a&gt;' ).attr( 'href', mw.util.getUrl( prevTitle ) )
				.text( '← ' + prevTitle.split( '/' ).pop() ) );
		} else {
			$box.append( $( '&lt;span&gt;' ) );
		}

		$box.append( $( '&lt;span class=&quot;cni-book&quot;&gt;' ).text( bookRoot ) );

		if ( nextTitle ) {
			$box.append( $( '&lt;a&gt;' ).attr( 'href', mw.util.getUrl( nextTitle ) )
				.text( nextTitle.split( '/' ).pop() + ' →' ) );
		} else {
			$box.append( $( '&lt;span&gt;' ) );
		}

		return $box;
	}

	function init() {
		fetchSiblingChapters().then( function ( chapters ) {
			var idx = chapters.indexOf( pageName );
			if ( idx === -1 ) { return; } // current page not found among siblings, bail safely

			var prevTitle = idx &gt; 0 ? chapters[ idx - 1 ] : null;
			var nextTitle = idx &lt; chapters.length - 1 ? chapters[ idx + 1 ] : null;
			if ( !prevTitle &amp;&amp; !nextTitle ) { return; } // only one chapter in book, nothing to link

			// Skip entirely if the page already links to either neighbour —
			// means manual/native navigation is already present, regardless
			// of what template or class produced it.
			if ( alreadyLinksTo( prevTitle ) || alreadyLinksTo( nextTitle ) ) { return; }

			var $topBox = buildNavBox( prevTitle, nextTitle );
			var $bottomBox = $topBox.clone( true );

			var $content = $( '#content' );
			var $heading = $( '#firstHeading' );
			if ( $content.length ) {
				$content.after( $topBox );
			} else if ( $heading.length ) {
				$heading.after( $topBox );
			}

			$( '#mw-content-text' ).append( $bottomBox );
		} );
	}

	mw.loader.using( [ 'mediawiki.api', 'mediawiki.util' ] ).then( function () {
		$( init );
	} );

}() );</text>
      <sha1>jtgy7lx3okrzw69hffeuj0zw5w2m58l</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4653417</id>
      <parentid>4653416</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-09T18:50:26Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Gauri Guptaa</username>
        <id>3612563</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4653417</origin>
      <model>javascript</model>
      <format>text/javascript</format>
      <text bytes="4749" sha1="l6owa8wyntfx1tkpn026lhy752ipe63" xml:space="preserve">/**
 * Inter-chapter Navigation Injector — auto-detects sibling chapters of a
 * Wikibooks book (via subpage listing, at ANY nesting depth) and injects
 * &quot;Previous / Next chapter&quot; links, but only if the page doesn't already
 * link to either neighbouring chapter (avoids duplicating manual/custom
 * nav templates, whatever their name or CSS class).
 *
 * Save at: en.wikibooks.org/wiki/User:Gauri_Guptaa/chapterNavInjector.js
 * Load via common.js:
 *   mw.loader.load('/w/index.php?title=User:Gauri_Guptaa/chapterNavInjector.js&amp;action=raw&amp;ctype=text/javascript');
 *
 * @author  [[User:Gauri_Guptaa]]
 * @license CC0-1.0
 */
/* global mw */
( function () {
	'use strict';

	if ( mw.config.get( 'wgAction' ) !== 'view' ) { return; }
	if ( mw.config.get( 'wgNamespaceNumber' ) !== 0 ) { return; } // main/book namespace only (production)

	var pageName = mw.config.get( 'wgPageName' );
	if ( pageName.indexOf( '/' ) === -1 ) { return; } // not a subpage/chapter — nothing to link

	var ns = mw.config.get( 'wgNamespaceNumber' );
	var segments = pageName.split( '/' );
	segments.pop(); // remove current chapter's own name
	var bookRoot = segments.join( '/' ); // immediate parent path — works at any nesting depth
	var depth = pageName.split( '/' ).length;

	mw.util.addCSS(
		'.cni-nav{' +
			'display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;' +
			'border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-radius:4px;padding:8px 14px;margin:1em 0;' +
			'background:var(--background-color-interactive,#f8f9fa);font-size:13px;' +
		'}' +
		'.cni-nav a{color:#3366cc;font-weight:600;}' +
		'.cni-nav a:hover{text-decoration:underline;}' +
		'.cni-book{color:#54595d;font-size:12px;}'
	);

	var api = new mw.Api();

	/**
	 * Natural sort comparator so &quot;Chapter 2&quot; sorts before &quot;Chapter 10&quot;.
	 */
	function naturalCompare( a, b ) {
		return a.localeCompare( b, undefined, { numeric: true, sensitivity: 'base' } );
	}

	/**
	 * Fetch all subpages of the book at the same depth as the current page,
	 * in the same namespace as the current page.
	 *
	 * @return {jQuery.Promise&lt;Array&lt;string&gt;&gt;}
	 */
	function fetchSiblingChapters() {
		return api.get( {
			action: 'query', list: 'allpages',
			apprefix: bookRoot + '/', apnamespace: ns, aplimit: 'max', format: 'json'
		} ).then( function ( data ) {
			var pages = ( data.query &amp;&amp; data.query.allpages ) || [];
			var titles = pages.map( function ( p ) { return p.title; } )
				.filter( function ( t ) { return t.split( '/' ).length === depth; } ); // same level only
			titles.sort( naturalCompare );
			return titles;
		} ).catch( function () { return []; } );
	}

	/**
	 * Check if the article already contains a link to the given page title —
	 * used to detect existing manual navigation, regardless of what
	 * template or CSS class the book happens to use for it.
	 */
	function alreadyLinksTo( title ) {
		if ( !title ) { return false; }
		var url = mw.util.getUrl( title );
		return $( '#mw-content-text a[href=&quot;' + url + '&quot;]' ).length &gt; 0;
	}

	function buildNavBox( prevTitle, nextTitle ) {
		var $box = $( '&lt;div class=&quot;cni-nav&quot;&gt;' );

		if ( prevTitle ) {
			$box.append( $( '&lt;a&gt;' ).attr( 'href', mw.util.getUrl( prevTitle ) )
				.text( '← ' + prevTitle.split( '/' ).pop() ) );
		} else {
			$box.append( $( '&lt;span&gt;' ) );
		}

		$box.append( $( '&lt;span class=&quot;cni-book&quot;&gt;' ).text( bookRoot.split( '/' ).pop() ) );

		if ( nextTitle ) {
			$box.append( $( '&lt;a&gt;' ).attr( 'href', mw.util.getUrl( nextTitle ) )
				.text( nextTitle.split( '/' ).pop() + ' →' ) );
		} else {
			$box.append( $( '&lt;span&gt;' ) );
		}

		return $box;
	}

	function init() {
		fetchSiblingChapters().then( function ( chapters ) {
			var idx = chapters.indexOf( pageName );
			if ( idx === -1 ) { return; } // current page not found among siblings, bail safely

			var prevTitle = idx &gt; 0 ? chapters[ idx - 1 ] : null;
			var nextTitle = idx &lt; chapters.length - 1 ? chapters[ idx + 1 ] : null;
			if ( !prevTitle &amp;&amp; !nextTitle ) { return; } // only one chapter in book, nothing to link

			// Skip entirely if the page already links to either neighbour —
			// means manual/native navigation is already present, regardless
			// of what template or class produced it.
			if ( alreadyLinksTo( prevTitle ) || alreadyLinksTo( nextTitle ) ) { return; }

			var $topBox = buildNavBox( prevTitle, nextTitle );
			var $bottomBox = $topBox.clone( true );

			var $content = $( '#content' );
			var $heading = $( '#firstHeading' );
			if ( $content.length ) {
				$content.after( $topBox );
			} else if ( $heading.length ) {
				$heading.after( $topBox );
			}

			$( '#mw-content-text' ).append( $bottomBox );
		} );
	}

	mw.loader.using( [ 'mediawiki.api', 'mediawiki.util' ] ).then( function () {
		$( init );
	} );

}() );</text>
      <sha1>l6owa8wyntfx1tkpn026lhy752ipe63</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4653418</id>
      <parentid>4653417</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-09T18:51:51Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Gauri Guptaa</username>
        <id>3612563</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4653418</origin>
      <model>javascript</model>
      <format>text/javascript</format>
      <text bytes="4752" sha1="crhiybfv13c0wwug3ywoyddlk2lw1n3" xml:space="preserve">/**
 * Inter-chapter Navigation Injector — auto-detects sibling chapters of a
 * Wikibooks book (via subpage listing, at ANY nesting depth) and injects
 * &quot;Previous / Next chapter&quot; links, but only if the page doesn't already
 * link to either neighbouring chapter (avoids duplicating manual/custom
 * nav templates, whatever their name or CSS class).
 *
 * Save at: en.wikibooks.org/wiki/User:Gauri_Guptaa/chapterNavInjector.js
 * Load via common.js:
 *   mw.loader.load('/w/index.php?title=User:Gauri_Guptaa/chapterNavInjector.js&amp;action=raw&amp;ctype=text/javascript');
 *
 * @author  [[User:Gauri_Guptaa]]
 * @license CC0-1.0
 */
/* global mw */
( function () {
	'use strict';

	if ( mw.config.get( 'wgAction' ) !== 'view' ) { return; }
	// if ( mw.config.get( 'wgNamespaceNumber' ) !== 0 ) { return; } // main/book namespace only (production)

	var pageName = mw.config.get( 'wgPageName' );
	if ( pageName.indexOf( '/' ) === -1 ) { return; } // not a subpage/chapter — nothing to link

	var ns = mw.config.get( 'wgNamespaceNumber' );
	var segments = pageName.split( '/' );
	segments.pop(); // remove current chapter's own name
	var bookRoot = segments.join( '/' ); // immediate parent path — works at any nesting depth
	var depth = pageName.split( '/' ).length;

	mw.util.addCSS(
		'.cni-nav{' +
			'display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;' +
			'border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-radius:4px;padding:8px 14px;margin:1em 0;' +
			'background:var(--background-color-interactive,#f8f9fa);font-size:13px;' +
		'}' +
		'.cni-nav a{color:#3366cc;font-weight:600;}' +
		'.cni-nav a:hover{text-decoration:underline;}' +
		'.cni-book{color:#54595d;font-size:12px;}'
	);

	var api = new mw.Api();

	/**
	 * Natural sort comparator so &quot;Chapter 2&quot; sorts before &quot;Chapter 10&quot;.
	 */
	function naturalCompare( a, b ) {
		return a.localeCompare( b, undefined, { numeric: true, sensitivity: 'base' } );
	}

	/**
	 * Fetch all subpages of the book at the same depth as the current page,
	 * in the same namespace as the current page.
	 *
	 * @return {jQuery.Promise&lt;Array&lt;string&gt;&gt;}
	 */
	function fetchSiblingChapters() {
		return api.get( {
			action: 'query', list: 'allpages',
			apprefix: bookRoot + '/', apnamespace: ns, aplimit: 'max', format: 'json'
		} ).then( function ( data ) {
			var pages = ( data.query &amp;&amp; data.query.allpages ) || [];
			var titles = pages.map( function ( p ) { return p.title; } )
				.filter( function ( t ) { return t.split( '/' ).length === depth; } ); // same level only
			titles.sort( naturalCompare );
			return titles;
		} ).catch( function () { return []; } );
	}

	/**
	 * Check if the article already contains a link to the given page title —
	 * used to detect existing manual navigation, regardless of what
	 * template or CSS class the book happens to use for it.
	 */
	function alreadyLinksTo( title ) {
		if ( !title ) { return false; }
		var url = mw.util.getUrl( title );
		return $( '#mw-content-text a[href=&quot;' + url + '&quot;]' ).length &gt; 0;
	}

	function buildNavBox( prevTitle, nextTitle ) {
		var $box = $( '&lt;div class=&quot;cni-nav&quot;&gt;' );

		if ( prevTitle ) {
			$box.append( $( '&lt;a&gt;' ).attr( 'href', mw.util.getUrl( prevTitle ) )
				.text( '← ' + prevTitle.split( '/' ).pop() ) );
		} else {
			$box.append( $( '&lt;span&gt;' ) );
		}

		$box.append( $( '&lt;span class=&quot;cni-book&quot;&gt;' ).text( bookRoot.split( '/' ).pop() ) );

		if ( nextTitle ) {
			$box.append( $( '&lt;a&gt;' ).attr( 'href', mw.util.getUrl( nextTitle ) )
				.text( nextTitle.split( '/' ).pop() + ' →' ) );
		} else {
			$box.append( $( '&lt;span&gt;' ) );
		}

		return $box;
	}

	function init() {
		fetchSiblingChapters().then( function ( chapters ) {
			var idx = chapters.indexOf( pageName );
			if ( idx === -1 ) { return; } // current page not found among siblings, bail safely

			var prevTitle = idx &gt; 0 ? chapters[ idx - 1 ] : null;
			var nextTitle = idx &lt; chapters.length - 1 ? chapters[ idx + 1 ] : null;
			if ( !prevTitle &amp;&amp; !nextTitle ) { return; } // only one chapter in book, nothing to link

			// Skip entirely if the page already links to either neighbour —
			// means manual/native navigation is already present, regardless
			// of what template or class produced it.
			if ( alreadyLinksTo( prevTitle ) || alreadyLinksTo( nextTitle ) ) { return; }

			var $topBox = buildNavBox( prevTitle, nextTitle );
			var $bottomBox = $topBox.clone( true );

			var $content = $( '#content' );
			var $heading = $( '#firstHeading' );
			if ( $content.length ) {
				$content.after( $topBox );
			} else if ( $heading.length ) {
				$heading.after( $topBox );
			}

			$( '#mw-content-text' ).append( $bottomBox );
		} );
	}

	mw.loader.using( [ 'mediawiki.api', 'mediawiki.util' ] ).then( function () {
		$( init );
	} );

}() );</text>
      <sha1>crhiybfv13c0wwug3ywoyddlk2lw1n3</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4653419</id>
      <parentid>4653418</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-09T18:53:30Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Gauri Guptaa</username>
        <id>3612563</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4653419</origin>
      <model>javascript</model>
      <format>text/javascript</format>
      <text bytes="4570" sha1="esbqbhgkqy36l8whlxh044hthovdlqm" xml:space="preserve">/**
 * Inter-chapter Navigation Injector — DEBUG VERSION
 */
/* global mw */
( function () {
	'use strict';

	console.log( '[CNI] script loaded, action=', mw.config.get( 'wgAction' ), 'ns=', mw.config.get( 'wgNamespaceNumber' ) );

	if ( mw.config.get( 'wgAction' ) !== 'view' ) { console.log( '[CNI] stopped: not view action' ); return; }
	// if ( mw.config.get( 'wgNamespaceNumber' ) !== 0 ) { return; } // commented for testing

	var pageName = mw.config.get( 'wgPageName' );
	console.log( '[CNI] pageName:', pageName );
	if ( pageName.indexOf( '/' ) === -1 ) { console.log( '[CNI] stopped: no slash in page name' ); return; }

	var ns = mw.config.get( 'wgNamespaceNumber' );
	var segments = pageName.split( '/' );
	segments.pop();
	var bookRoot = segments.join( '/' );
	var depth = pageName.split( '/' ).length;
	console.log( '[CNI] bookRoot:', bookRoot, 'depth:', depth, 'ns:', ns );

	mw.util.addCSS(
		'.cni-nav{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-radius:4px;padding:8px 14px;margin:1em 0;background:var(--background-color-interactive,#f8f9fa);font-size:13px;}' +
		'.cni-nav a{color:#3366cc;font-weight:600;}' +
		'.cni-nav a:hover{text-decoration:underline;}' +
		'.cni-book{color:#54595d;font-size:12px;}'
	);

	var api = new mw.Api();

	function naturalCompare( a, b ) {
		return a.localeCompare( b, undefined, { numeric: true, sensitivity: 'base' } );
	}

	function fetchSiblingChapters() {
		console.log( '[CNI] querying API with apprefix:', bookRoot + '/', 'apnamespace:', ns );
		return api.get( {
			action: 'query', list: 'allpages',
			apprefix: bookRoot + '/', apnamespace: ns, aplimit: 'max', format: 'json'
		} ).then( function ( data ) {
			console.log( '[CNI] raw API response:', data );
			var pages = ( data.query &amp;&amp; data.query.allpages ) || [];
			var titles = pages.map( function ( p ) { return p.title; } )
				.filter( function ( t ) { return t.split( '/' ).length === depth; } );
			titles.sort( naturalCompare );
			console.log( '[CNI] sibling chapters found:', titles );
			return titles;
		} ).catch( function ( e ) { console.log( '[CNI] API error:', e ); return []; } );
	}

	function alreadyLinksTo( title ) {
		if ( !title ) { return false; }
		var url = mw.util.getUrl( title );
		var found = $( '#mw-content-text a[href=&quot;' + url + '&quot;]' ).length &gt; 0;
		console.log( '[CNI] alreadyLinksTo check:', title, '→', found );
		return found;
	}

	function buildNavBox( prevTitle, nextTitle ) {
		var $box = $( '&lt;div class=&quot;cni-nav&quot;&gt;' );
		if ( prevTitle ) {
			$box.append( $( '&lt;a&gt;' ).attr( 'href', mw.util.getUrl( prevTitle ) ).text( '← ' + prevTitle.split( '/' ).pop() ) );
		} else { $box.append( $( '&lt;span&gt;' ) ); }
		$box.append( $( '&lt;span class=&quot;cni-book&quot;&gt;' ).text( bookRoot.split( '/' ).pop() ) );
		if ( nextTitle ) {
			$box.append( $( '&lt;a&gt;' ).attr( 'href', mw.util.getUrl( nextTitle ) ).text( nextTitle.split( '/' ).pop() + ' →' ) );
		} else { $box.append( $( '&lt;span&gt;' ) ); }
		return $box;
	}

	function init() {
		console.log( '[CNI] init() called' );
		fetchSiblingChapters().then( function ( chapters ) {
			var idx = chapters.indexOf( pageName );
			console.log( '[CNI] current page index in chapters:', idx );
			if ( idx === -1 ) { console.log( '[CNI] stopped: current page not found in sibling list' ); return; }

			var prevTitle = idx &gt; 0 ? chapters[ idx - 1 ] : null;
			var nextTitle = idx &lt; chapters.length - 1 ? chapters[ idx + 1 ] : null;
			console.log( '[CNI] prevTitle:', prevTitle, 'nextTitle:', nextTitle );
			if ( !prevTitle &amp;&amp; !nextTitle ) { console.log( '[CNI] stopped: no prev or next' ); return; }

			if ( alreadyLinksTo( prevTitle ) || alreadyLinksTo( nextTitle ) ) {
				console.log( '[CNI] stopped: existing nav detected' );
				return;
			}

			var $topBox = buildNavBox( prevTitle, nextTitle );
			var $bottomBox = $topBox.clone( true );

			var $content = $( '#content' );
			var $heading = $( '#firstHeading' );
			if ( $content.length ) {
				$content.after( $topBox );
				console.log( '[CNI] inserted top box after #content' );
			} else if ( $heading.length ) {
				$heading.after( $topBox );
				console.log( '[CNI] inserted top box after #firstHeading' );
			} else {
				console.log( '[CNI] no anchor found for top box!' );
			}

			$( '#mw-content-text' ).append( $bottomBox );
			console.log( '[CNI] inserted bottom box, panel exists now:', $( '.cni-nav' ).length );
		} );
	}

	mw.loader.using( [ 'mediawiki.api', 'mediawiki.util' ] ).then( function () {
		console.log( '[CNI] modules ready' );
		$( init );
	} );

}() );</text>
      <sha1>esbqbhgkqy36l8whlxh044hthovdlqm</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4653467</id>
      <parentid>4653419</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-10T08:44:54Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Gauri Guptaa</username>
        <id>3612563</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4653467</origin>
      <model>javascript</model>
      <format>text/javascript</format>
      <text bytes="5263" sha1="3z1c8j4k5f0tz3kwfxox0zup2zyjkah" xml:space="preserve">/**
 * Inter-chapter Navigation Injector — auto-detects sibling chapters of a
 * Wikibooks book (via subpage listing, at ANY nesting depth) and injects
 * &quot;Previous / Next chapter&quot; links, but only if the page doesn't already
 * link to either neighbouring chapter (avoids duplicating manual/custom
 * nav templates, whatever their name or CSS class).
 *
 * Save at: en.wikibooks.org/wiki/User:Gauri_Guptaa/chapterNavInjector.js
 * Load via common.js:
 *   mw.loader.load('/w/index.php?title=User:Gauri_Guptaa/chapterNavInjector.js&amp;action=raw&amp;ctype=text/javascript');
 *
 * @author  [[User:Gauri_Guptaa]]
 * @license CC0-1.0
 */
/* global mw */
( function () {
	'use strict';

	if ( mw.config.get( 'wgAction' ) !== 'view' ) { return; }
	if ( mw.config.get( 'wgNamespaceNumber' ) !== 0 ) { return; } // main/book namespace only (production)

	var pageName = mw.config.get( 'wgPageName' ); // full title WITH namespace, e.g. &quot;User:X/Book/Ch2&quot;
	if ( pageName.indexOf( '/' ) === -1 ) { return; } // not a subpage/chapter — nothing to link

	var ns = mw.config.get( 'wgNamespaceNumber' );
	var depth = pageName.split( '/' ).length;

	// wgTitle has NO namespace prefix — needed for API's apprefix param,
	// since apnamespace already scopes the namespace separately.
	var titleNoNs = mw.config.get( 'wgTitle' );
	var nsSegments = titleNoNs.split( '/' );
	nsSegments.pop(); // remove current chapter's own name
	var apiPrefix = nsSegments.join( '/' ); // e.g. &quot;Python Programming&quot;

	// Full-title version of the book root, for display purposes.
	var fullSegments = pageName.split( '/' );
	fullSegments.pop();
	var bookRoot = fullSegments.join( '/' ); // e.g. &quot;Python Programming&quot; or &quot;User:X/TestBook&quot;

	mw.util.addCSS(
		'.cni-nav{' +
			'display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;' +
			'border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-radius:4px;padding:8px 14px;margin:1em 0;' +
			'background:var(--background-color-interactive,#f8f9fa);font-size:13px;' +
		'}' +
		'.cni-nav a{color:#3366cc;font-weight:600;}' +
		'.cni-nav a:hover{text-decoration:underline;}' +
		'.cni-book{color:#54595d;font-size:12px;}'
	);

	var api = new mw.Api();

	/**
	 * Natural sort comparator so &quot;Chapter 2&quot; sorts before &quot;Chapter 10&quot;.
	 */
	function naturalCompare( a, b ) {
		return a.localeCompare( b, undefined, { numeric: true, sensitivity: 'base' } );
	}

	/**
	 * Fetch all subpages of the book at the same depth as the current page,
	 * in the same namespace as the current page.
	 *
	 * @return {jQuery.Promise&lt;Array&lt;string&gt;&gt;}  full titles WITH namespace prefix
	 */
	function fetchSiblingChapters() {
		return api.get( {
			action: 'query', list: 'allpages',
			apprefix: apiPrefix + '/', apnamespace: ns, aplimit: 'max', format: 'json'
		} ).then( function ( data ) {
			var pages = ( data.query &amp;&amp; data.query.allpages ) || [];
			var titles = pages.map( function ( p ) { return p.title; } ) // API returns full titles with namespace
				.filter( function ( t ) { return t.split( '/' ).length === depth; } ); // same level only
			titles.sort( naturalCompare );
			return titles;
		} ).catch( function () { return []; } );
	}

	/**
	 * Check if the article already contains a link to the given page title —
	 * used to detect existing manual navigation, regardless of what
	 * template or CSS class the book happens to use for it.
	 */
	function alreadyLinksTo( title ) {
		if ( !title ) { return false; }
		var url = mw.util.getUrl( title );
		return $( '#mw-content-text a[href=&quot;' + url + '&quot;]' ).length &gt; 0;
	}

	function buildNavBox( prevTitle, nextTitle ) {
		var $box = $( '&lt;div class=&quot;cni-nav&quot;&gt;' );

		if ( prevTitle ) {
			$box.append( $( '&lt;a&gt;' ).attr( 'href', mw.util.getUrl( prevTitle ) )
				.text( '← ' + prevTitle.split( '/' ).pop() ) );
		} else {
			$box.append( $( '&lt;span&gt;' ) );
		}

		$box.append( $( '&lt;span class=&quot;cni-book&quot;&gt;' ).text( bookRoot.split( '/' ).pop() ) );

		if ( nextTitle ) {
			$box.append( $( '&lt;a&gt;' ).attr( 'href', mw.util.getUrl( nextTitle ) )
				.text( nextTitle.split( '/' ).pop() + ' →' ) );
		} else {
			$box.append( $( '&lt;span&gt;' ) );
		}

		return $box;
	}

	function init() {
		fetchSiblingChapters().then( function ( chapters ) {
			var idx = chapters.indexOf( pageName );
			if ( idx === -1 ) { return; } // current page not found among siblings, bail safely

			var prevTitle = idx &gt; 0 ? chapters[ idx - 1 ] : null;
			var nextTitle = idx &lt; chapters.length - 1 ? chapters[ idx + 1 ] : null;
			if ( !prevTitle &amp;&amp; !nextTitle ) { return; } // only one chapter in book, nothing to link

			// Skip entirely if the page already links to either neighbour —
			// means manual/native navigation is already present, regardless
			// of what template or class produced it.
			if ( alreadyLinksTo( prevTitle ) || alreadyLinksTo( nextTitle ) ) { return; }

			var $topBox = buildNavBox( prevTitle, nextTitle );
			var $bottomBox = $topBox.clone( true );

			var $content = $( '#content' );
			var $heading = $( '#firstHeading' );
			if ( $content.length ) {
				$content.after( $topBox );
			} else if ( $heading.length ) {
				$heading.after( $topBox );
			}

			$( '#mw-content-text' ).append( $bottomBox );
		} );
	}

	mw.loader.using( [ 'mediawiki.api', 'mediawiki.util' ] ).then( function () {
		$( init );
	} );

}() );</text>
      <sha1>3z1c8j4k5f0tz3kwfxox0zup2zyjkah</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4653468</id>
      <parentid>4653467</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-10T08:45:34Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Gauri Guptaa</username>
        <id>3612563</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4653468</origin>
      <model>javascript</model>
      <format>text/javascript</format>
      <text bytes="5266" sha1="99veh0gh0tpqat5mxkeo1usf5i40nn3" xml:space="preserve">/**
 * Inter-chapter Navigation Injector — auto-detects sibling chapters of a
 * Wikibooks book (via subpage listing, at ANY nesting depth) and injects
 * &quot;Previous / Next chapter&quot; links, but only if the page doesn't already
 * link to either neighbouring chapter (avoids duplicating manual/custom
 * nav templates, whatever their name or CSS class).
 *
 * Save at: en.wikibooks.org/wiki/User:Gauri_Guptaa/chapterNavInjector.js
 * Load via common.js:
 *   mw.loader.load('/w/index.php?title=User:Gauri_Guptaa/chapterNavInjector.js&amp;action=raw&amp;ctype=text/javascript');
 *
 * @author  [[User:Gauri_Guptaa]]
 * @license CC0-1.0
 */
/* global mw */
( function () {
	'use strict';

	if ( mw.config.get( 'wgAction' ) !== 'view' ) { return; }
	// if ( mw.config.get( 'wgNamespaceNumber' ) !== 0 ) { return; } // main/book namespace only (production)

	var pageName = mw.config.get( 'wgPageName' ); // full title WITH namespace, e.g. &quot;User:X/Book/Ch2&quot;
	if ( pageName.indexOf( '/' ) === -1 ) { return; } // not a subpage/chapter — nothing to link

	var ns = mw.config.get( 'wgNamespaceNumber' );
	var depth = pageName.split( '/' ).length;

	// wgTitle has NO namespace prefix — needed for API's apprefix param,
	// since apnamespace already scopes the namespace separately.
	var titleNoNs = mw.config.get( 'wgTitle' );
	var nsSegments = titleNoNs.split( '/' );
	nsSegments.pop(); // remove current chapter's own name
	var apiPrefix = nsSegments.join( '/' ); // e.g. &quot;Python Programming&quot;

	// Full-title version of the book root, for display purposes.
	var fullSegments = pageName.split( '/' );
	fullSegments.pop();
	var bookRoot = fullSegments.join( '/' ); // e.g. &quot;Python Programming&quot; or &quot;User:X/TestBook&quot;

	mw.util.addCSS(
		'.cni-nav{' +
			'display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;' +
			'border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-radius:4px;padding:8px 14px;margin:1em 0;' +
			'background:var(--background-color-interactive,#f8f9fa);font-size:13px;' +
		'}' +
		'.cni-nav a{color:#3366cc;font-weight:600;}' +
		'.cni-nav a:hover{text-decoration:underline;}' +
		'.cni-book{color:#54595d;font-size:12px;}'
	);

	var api = new mw.Api();

	/**
	 * Natural sort comparator so &quot;Chapter 2&quot; sorts before &quot;Chapter 10&quot;.
	 */
	function naturalCompare( a, b ) {
		return a.localeCompare( b, undefined, { numeric: true, sensitivity: 'base' } );
	}

	/**
	 * Fetch all subpages of the book at the same depth as the current page,
	 * in the same namespace as the current page.
	 *
	 * @return {jQuery.Promise&lt;Array&lt;string&gt;&gt;}  full titles WITH namespace prefix
	 */
	function fetchSiblingChapters() {
		return api.get( {
			action: 'query', list: 'allpages',
			apprefix: apiPrefix + '/', apnamespace: ns, aplimit: 'max', format: 'json'
		} ).then( function ( data ) {
			var pages = ( data.query &amp;&amp; data.query.allpages ) || [];
			var titles = pages.map( function ( p ) { return p.title; } ) // API returns full titles with namespace
				.filter( function ( t ) { return t.split( '/' ).length === depth; } ); // same level only
			titles.sort( naturalCompare );
			return titles;
		} ).catch( function () { return []; } );
	}

	/**
	 * Check if the article already contains a link to the given page title —
	 * used to detect existing manual navigation, regardless of what
	 * template or CSS class the book happens to use for it.
	 */
	function alreadyLinksTo( title ) {
		if ( !title ) { return false; }
		var url = mw.util.getUrl( title );
		return $( '#mw-content-text a[href=&quot;' + url + '&quot;]' ).length &gt; 0;
	}

	function buildNavBox( prevTitle, nextTitle ) {
		var $box = $( '&lt;div class=&quot;cni-nav&quot;&gt;' );

		if ( prevTitle ) {
			$box.append( $( '&lt;a&gt;' ).attr( 'href', mw.util.getUrl( prevTitle ) )
				.text( '← ' + prevTitle.split( '/' ).pop() ) );
		} else {
			$box.append( $( '&lt;span&gt;' ) );
		}

		$box.append( $( '&lt;span class=&quot;cni-book&quot;&gt;' ).text( bookRoot.split( '/' ).pop() ) );

		if ( nextTitle ) {
			$box.append( $( '&lt;a&gt;' ).attr( 'href', mw.util.getUrl( nextTitle ) )
				.text( nextTitle.split( '/' ).pop() + ' →' ) );
		} else {
			$box.append( $( '&lt;span&gt;' ) );
		}

		return $box;
	}

	function init() {
		fetchSiblingChapters().then( function ( chapters ) {
			var idx = chapters.indexOf( pageName );
			if ( idx === -1 ) { return; } // current page not found among siblings, bail safely

			var prevTitle = idx &gt; 0 ? chapters[ idx - 1 ] : null;
			var nextTitle = idx &lt; chapters.length - 1 ? chapters[ idx + 1 ] : null;
			if ( !prevTitle &amp;&amp; !nextTitle ) { return; } // only one chapter in book, nothing to link

			// Skip entirely if the page already links to either neighbour —
			// means manual/native navigation is already present, regardless
			// of what template or class produced it.
			if ( alreadyLinksTo( prevTitle ) || alreadyLinksTo( nextTitle ) ) { return; }

			var $topBox = buildNavBox( prevTitle, nextTitle );
			var $bottomBox = $topBox.clone( true );

			var $content = $( '#content' );
			var $heading = $( '#firstHeading' );
			if ( $content.length ) {
				$content.after( $topBox );
			} else if ( $heading.length ) {
				$heading.after( $topBox );
			}

			$( '#mw-content-text' ).append( $bottomBox );
		} );
	}

	mw.loader.using( [ 'mediawiki.api', 'mediawiki.util' ] ).then( function () {
		$( init );
	} );

}() );</text>
      <sha1>99veh0gh0tpqat5mxkeo1usf5i40nn3</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4653469</id>
      <parentid>4653468</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-10T08:47:08Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Gauri Guptaa</username>
        <id>3612563</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4653469</origin>
      <model>javascript</model>
      <format>text/javascript</format>
      <text bytes="4521" sha1="e5nkrubjei1735l23bron7t5agqc0t3" xml:space="preserve">/**
 * DEBUG VERSION with apiPrefix fix
 */
/* global mw */
( function () {
	'use strict';

	console.log( '[CNI] script loaded, action=', mw.config.get( 'wgAction' ), 'ns=', mw.config.get( 'wgNamespaceNumber' ) );

	if ( mw.config.get( 'wgAction' ) !== 'view' ) { console.log( '[CNI] stopped: not view' ); return; }
	// if ( mw.config.get( 'wgNamespaceNumber' ) !== 0 ) { return; } // commented for testing

	var pageName = mw.config.get( 'wgPageName' );
	console.log( '[CNI] pageName:', pageName );
	if ( pageName.indexOf( '/' ) === -1 ) { console.log( '[CNI] stopped: no slash' ); return; }

	var ns = mw.config.get( 'wgNamespaceNumber' );
	var depth = pageName.split( '/' ).length;

	var titleNoNs = mw.config.get( 'wgTitle' );
	var nsSegments = titleNoNs.split( '/' );
	nsSegments.pop();
	var apiPrefix = nsSegments.join( '/' );

	var fullSegments = pageName.split( '/' );
	fullSegments.pop();
	var bookRoot = fullSegments.join( '/' );

	console.log( '[CNI] titleNoNs:', titleNoNs, 'apiPrefix:', apiPrefix, 'bookRoot:', bookRoot, 'depth:', depth, 'ns:', ns );

	mw.util.addCSS(
		'.cni-nav{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-radius:4px;padding:8px 14px;margin:1em 0;background:var(--background-color-interactive,#f8f9fa);font-size:13px;}' +
		'.cni-nav a{color:#3366cc;font-weight:600;}' +
		'.cni-book{color:#54595d;font-size:12px;}'
	);

	var api = new mw.Api();

	function naturalCompare( a, b ) {
		return a.localeCompare( b, undefined, { numeric: true, sensitivity: 'base' } );
	}

	function fetchSiblingChapters() {
		console.log( '[CNI] API call: apprefix=', apiPrefix + '/', 'apnamespace=', ns );
		return api.get( {
			action: 'query', list: 'allpages',
			apprefix: apiPrefix + '/', apnamespace: ns, aplimit: 'max', format: 'json'
		} ).then( function ( data ) {
			console.log( '[CNI] raw API response:', JSON.stringify( data ) );
			var pages = ( data.query &amp;&amp; data.query.allpages ) || [];
			var titles = pages.map( function ( p ) { return p.title; } )
				.filter( function ( t ) { return t.split( '/' ).length === depth; } );
			titles.sort( naturalCompare );
			console.log( '[CNI] siblings found:', titles );
			return titles;
		} ).catch( function ( e ) { console.log( '[CNI] API error:', e ); return []; } );
	}

	function alreadyLinksTo( title ) {
		if ( !title ) { return false; }
		var url = mw.util.getUrl( title );
		var found = $( '#mw-content-text a[href=&quot;' + url + '&quot;]' ).length &gt; 0;
		console.log( '[CNI] alreadyLinksTo', title, '→', found );
		return found;
	}

	function buildNavBox( prevTitle, nextTitle ) {
		var $box = $( '&lt;div class=&quot;cni-nav&quot;&gt;' );
		if ( prevTitle ) {
			$box.append( $( '&lt;a&gt;' ).attr( 'href', mw.util.getUrl( prevTitle ) ).text( '← ' + prevTitle.split( '/' ).pop() ) );
		} else { $box.append( $( '&lt;span&gt;' ) ); }
		$box.append( $( '&lt;span class=&quot;cni-book&quot;&gt;' ).text( bookRoot.split( '/' ).pop() ) );
		if ( nextTitle ) {
			$box.append( $( '&lt;a&gt;' ).attr( 'href', mw.util.getUrl( nextTitle ) ).text( nextTitle.split( '/' ).pop() + ' →' ) );
		} else { $box.append( $( '&lt;span&gt;' ) ); }
		return $box;
	}

	function init() {
		console.log( '[CNI] init called' );
		fetchSiblingChapters().then( function ( chapters ) {
			var idx = chapters.indexOf( pageName );
			console.log( '[CNI] idx of current page:', idx, 'pageName was:', pageName );
			if ( idx === -1 ) { console.log( '[CNI] stopped: not found in list' ); return; }

			var prevTitle = idx &gt; 0 ? chapters[ idx - 1 ] : null;
			var nextTitle = idx &lt; chapters.length - 1 ? chapters[ idx + 1 ] : null;
			console.log( '[CNI] prev:', prevTitle, 'next:', nextTitle );
			if ( !prevTitle &amp;&amp; !nextTitle ) { console.log( '[CNI] stopped: no neighbours' ); return; }

			if ( alreadyLinksTo( prevTitle ) || alreadyLinksTo( nextTitle ) ) { console.log( '[CNI] stopped: nav exists' ); return; }

			var $topBox = buildNavBox( prevTitle, nextTitle );
			var $bottomBox = $topBox.clone( true );
			var $content = $( '#content' );
			var $heading = $( '#firstHeading' );
			if ( $content.length ) { $content.after( $topBox ); console.log( '[CNI] top box inserted' ); }
			else if ( $heading.length ) { $heading.after( $topBox ); console.log( '[CNI] top box inserted after heading' ); }
			$( '#mw-content-text' ).append( $bottomBox );
			console.log( '[CNI] DONE — boxes in DOM:', $( '.cni-nav' ).length );
		} );
	}

	mw.loader.using( [ 'mediawiki.api', 'mediawiki.util' ] ).then( function () {
		console.log( '[CNI] modules ready' );
		$( init );
	} );

}() );</text>
      <sha1>e5nkrubjei1735l23bron7t5agqc0t3</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4653470</id>
      <parentid>4653469</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-10T08:48:37Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Gauri Guptaa</username>
        <id>3612563</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4653470</origin>
      <model>javascript</model>
      <format>text/javascript</format>
      <text bytes="4458" sha1="lzri5p6bcychj3velv2s2xhafaxafx2" xml:space="preserve">/**
 * DEBUG VERSION with apiPrefix fix
 */
/* global mw */
( function () {
	'use strict';

	console.log( '[CNI] script loaded, action=', mw.config.get( 'wgAction' ), 'ns=', mw.config.get( 'wgNamespaceNumber' ) );

	if ( mw.config.get( 'wgAction' ) !== 'view' ) { console.log( '[CNI] stopped: not view' ); return; }
	// if ( mw.config.get( 'wgNamespaceNumber' ) !== 0 ) { return; } // commented for testing

	var pageName = mw.config.get( 'wgPageName' );
	console.log( '[CNI] pageName:', pageName );
	if ( pageName.indexOf( '/' ) === -1 ) { console.log( '[CNI] stopped: no slash' ); return; }

	var ns = mw.config.get( 'wgNamespaceNumber' );
	var depth = pageName.split( '/' ).length;

	var titleNoNs = mw.config.get( 'wgTitle' );
	var nsSegments = titleNoNs.split( '/' );
	nsSegments.pop();
	var apiPrefix = nsSegments.join( '/' );

	var fullSegments = pageName.split( '/' );
	fullSegments.pop();
	var bookRoot = fullSegments.join( '/' );

	console.log( '[CNI] titleNoNs:', titleNoNs, 'apiPrefix:', apiPrefix, 'bookRoot:', bookRoot, 'depth:', depth, 'ns:', ns );

	mw.util.addCSS(
		'.cni-nav{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-radius:4px;padding:8px 14px;margin:1em 0;background:var(--background-color-interactive,#f8f9fa);font-size:13px;}' +
		'.cni-nav a{color:#3366cc;font-weight:600;}' +
		'.cni-book{color:#54595d;font-size:12px;}'
	);

	var api = new mw.Api();

	function naturalCompare( a, b ) {
		return a.localeCompare( b, undefined, { numeric: true, sensitivity: 'base' } );
	}

	function fetchSiblingChapters() {
		console.log( '[CNI] API call: apprefix=', apiPrefix + '/', 'apnamespace=', ns );
		return api.get( {
			action: 'query', list: 'allpages',
			apprefix: apiPrefix + '/', apnamespace: ns, aplimit: 'max', format: 'json'
		} ).then( function ( data ) {
			console.log( '[CNI] raw API response:', JSON.stringify( data ) );
			var pages = ( data.query &amp;&amp; data.query.allpages ) || [];
			var titles = pages.map( function ( p ) { return p.title; } )
				.filter( function ( t ) { return t.split( '/' ).length === depth; } );
			titles.sort( naturalCompare );
			console.log( '[CNI] siblings found:', titles );
			return titles;
		} ).catch( function ( e ) { console.log( '[CNI] API error:', e ); return []; } );
	}

	function alreadyLinksTo( title ) {
		if ( !title ) { return false; }
		var url = mw.util.getUrl( title );
		var found = $( '#mw-content-text a[href=&quot;' + url + '&quot;]' ).length &gt; 0;
		console.log( '[CNI] alreadyLinksTo', title, '→', found );
		return found;
	}

	function buildNavBox( prevTitle, nextTitle ) {
		var $box = $( '&lt;div class=&quot;cni-nav&quot;&gt;' );
		if ( prevTitle ) {
			$box.append( $( '&lt;a&gt;' ).attr( 'href', mw.util.getUrl( prevTitle ) ).text( '← ' + prevTitle.split( '/' ).pop() ) );
		} else { $box.append( $( '&lt;span&gt;' ) ); }
		$box.append( $( '&lt;span class=&quot;cni-book&quot;&gt;' ).text( bookRoot.split( '/' ).pop() ) );
		if ( nextTitle ) {
			$box.append( $( '&lt;a&gt;' ).attr( 'href', mw.util.getUrl( nextTitle ) ).text( nextTitle.split( '/' ).pop() + ' →' ) );
		} else { $box.append( $( '&lt;span&gt;' ) ); }
		return $box;
	}

	function init() {
	fetchSiblingChapters().then( function ( chapters ) {
		var normalizedPageName = pageName.replace( /_/g, ' ' ); // normalize to match API's space format
		var idx = chapters.indexOf( normalizedPageName );
		if ( idx === -1 ) { return; }

			var prevTitle = idx &gt; 0 ? chapters[ idx - 1 ] : null;
			var nextTitle = idx &lt; chapters.length - 1 ? chapters[ idx + 1 ] : null;
			console.log( '[CNI] prev:', prevTitle, 'next:', nextTitle );
			if ( !prevTitle &amp;&amp; !nextTitle ) { console.log( '[CNI] stopped: no neighbours' ); return; }

			if ( alreadyLinksTo( prevTitle ) || alreadyLinksTo( nextTitle ) ) { console.log( '[CNI] stopped: nav exists' ); return; }

			var $topBox = buildNavBox( prevTitle, nextTitle );
			var $bottomBox = $topBox.clone( true );
			var $content = $( '#content' );
			var $heading = $( '#firstHeading' );
			if ( $content.length ) { $content.after( $topBox ); console.log( '[CNI] top box inserted' ); }
			else if ( $heading.length ) { $heading.after( $topBox ); console.log( '[CNI] top box inserted after heading' ); }
			$( '#mw-content-text' ).append( $bottomBox );
			console.log( '[CNI] DONE — boxes in DOM:', $( '.cni-nav' ).length );
		} );
	}

	mw.loader.using( [ 'mediawiki.api', 'mediawiki.util' ] ).then( function () {
		console.log( '[CNI] modules ready' );
		$( init );
	} );

}() );</text>
      <sha1>lzri5p6bcychj3velv2s2xhafaxafx2</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4653471</id>
      <parentid>4653470</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-10T08:51:35Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Gauri Guptaa</username>
        <id>3612563</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4653471</origin>
      <model>javascript</model>
      <format>text/javascript</format>
      <text bytes="5248" sha1="lp2kttl3ckwr1s41efvb4os8kdltzpi" xml:space="preserve">/**
 * Inter-chapter Navigation Injector — auto-detects sibling chapters of a
 * Wikibooks book (via subpage listing, at ANY nesting depth) and injects
 * &quot;Previous / Next chapter&quot; links, but only if the page doesn't already
 * link to either neighbouring chapter (avoids duplicating manual/custom
 * nav templates, whatever their name or CSS class).
 *
 * Save at: en.wikibooks.org/wiki/User:Gauri_Guptaa/chapterNavInjector.js
 * Load via common.js:
 *   mw.loader.load('/w/index.php?title=User:Gauri_Guptaa/chapterNavInjector.js&amp;action=raw&amp;ctype=text/javascript');
 *
 * @author  [[User:Gauri_Guptaa]]
 * @license CC0-1.0
 */
/* global mw */
( function () {
	'use strict';

	if ( mw.config.get( 'wgAction' ) !== 'view' ) { return; }
	if ( mw.config.get( 'wgNamespaceNumber' ) !== 0 ) { return; } // main/book namespace only

	// wgPageName uses underscores; the API returns titles with spaces —
	// normalize here so string comparisons match later.
	var pageName = mw.config.get( 'wgPageName' ).replace( /_/g, ' ' );
	if ( pageName.indexOf( '/' ) === -1 ) { return; } // not a subpage/chapter — nothing to link

	var ns = mw.config.get( 'wgNamespaceNumber' );
	var depth = pageName.split( '/' ).length;

	// wgTitle has NO namespace prefix — needed for the API's apprefix param,
	// since apnamespace already scopes the namespace separately.
	var titleNoNs = mw.config.get( 'wgTitle' ).replace( /_/g, ' ' );
	var nsSegments = titleNoNs.split( '/' );
	nsSegments.pop(); // remove current chapter's own name
	var apiPrefix = nsSegments.join( '/' );

	// Full-title version of the book root, for display purposes.
	var fullSegments = pageName.split( '/' );
	fullSegments.pop();
	var bookRoot = fullSegments.join( '/' );

	mw.util.addCSS(
		'.cni-nav{' +
			'display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;' +
			'border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-radius:4px;padding:8px 14px;margin:1em 0;' +
			'background:var(--background-color-interactive,#f8f9fa);font-size:13px;' +
		'}' +
		'.cni-nav a{color:#3366cc;font-weight:600;}' +
		'.cni-nav a:hover{text-decoration:underline;}' +
		'.cni-book{color:#54595d;font-size:12px;}'
	);

	var api = new mw.Api();

	/**
	 * Natural sort comparator so &quot;Chapter 2&quot; sorts before &quot;Chapter 10&quot;.
	 */
	function naturalCompare( a, b ) {
		return a.localeCompare( b, undefined, { numeric: true, sensitivity: 'base' } );
	}

	/**
	 * Fetch all subpages of the book at the same depth as the current page,
	 * in the same namespace as the current page.
	 *
	 * @return {jQuery.Promise&lt;Array&lt;string&gt;&gt;}  full titles WITH namespace prefix
	 */
	function fetchSiblingChapters() {
		return api.get( {
			action: 'query', list: 'allpages',
			apprefix: apiPrefix + '/', apnamespace: ns, aplimit: 'max', format: 'json'
		} ).then( function ( data ) {
			var pages = ( data.query &amp;&amp; data.query.allpages ) || [];
			var titles = pages.map( function ( p ) { return p.title; } )
				.filter( function ( t ) { return t.split( '/' ).length === depth; } ); // same level only
			titles.sort( naturalCompare );
			return titles;
		} ).catch( function () { return []; } );
	}

	/**
	 * Check if the article already contains a link to the given page title —
	 * used to detect existing manual navigation, regardless of what
	 * template or CSS class the book happens to use for it.
	 */
	function alreadyLinksTo( title ) {
		if ( !title ) { return false; }
		var url = mw.util.getUrl( title );
		return $( '#mw-content-text a[href=&quot;' + url + '&quot;]' ).length &gt; 0;
	}

	function buildNavBox( prevTitle, nextTitle ) {
		var $box = $( '&lt;div class=&quot;cni-nav&quot;&gt;' );

		if ( prevTitle ) {
			$box.append( $( '&lt;a&gt;' ).attr( 'href', mw.util.getUrl( prevTitle ) )
				.text( '← ' + prevTitle.split( '/' ).pop() ) );
		} else {
			$box.append( $( '&lt;span&gt;' ) );
		}

		$box.append( $( '&lt;span class=&quot;cni-book&quot;&gt;' ).text( bookRoot.split( '/' ).pop() ) );

		if ( nextTitle ) {
			$box.append( $( '&lt;a&gt;' ).attr( 'href', mw.util.getUrl( nextTitle ) )
				.text( nextTitle.split( '/' ).pop() + ' →' ) );
		} else {
			$box.append( $( '&lt;span&gt;' ) );
		}

		return $box;
	}

	function init() {
		fetchSiblingChapters().then( function ( chapters ) {
			var idx = chapters.indexOf( pageName );
			if ( idx === -1 ) { return; } // current page not found among siblings, bail safely

			var prevTitle = idx &gt; 0 ? chapters[ idx - 1 ] : null;
			var nextTitle = idx &lt; chapters.length - 1 ? chapters[ idx + 1 ] : null;
			if ( !prevTitle &amp;&amp; !nextTitle ) { return; } // only one chapter in book, nothing to link

			// Skip entirely if the page already links to either neighbour —
			// means manual/native navigation is already present, regardless
			// of what template or class produced it.
			if ( alreadyLinksTo( prevTitle ) || alreadyLinksTo( nextTitle ) ) { return; }

			var $topBox = buildNavBox( prevTitle, nextTitle );
			var $bottomBox = $topBox.clone( true );

			var $content = $( '#content' );
			var $heading = $( '#firstHeading' );
			if ( $content.length ) {
				$content.after( $topBox );
			} else if ( $heading.length ) {
				$heading.after( $topBox );
			}

			$( '#mw-content-text' ).append( $bottomBox );
		} );
	}

	mw.loader.using( [ 'mediawiki.api', 'mediawiki.util' ] ).then( function () {
		$( init );
	} );

}() );</text>
      <sha1>lp2kttl3ckwr1s41efvb4os8kdltzpi</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>User:Gauri Guptaa/common.js</title>
    <ns>2</ns>
    <id>484593</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4653411</id>
      <timestamp>2026-07-09T18:14:16Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Gauri Guptaa</username>
        <id>3612563</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;// [[User:Gauri_Guptaa/chapterNavInjector.js]] — auto prev/next chapter nav mw.loader.load( '/w/index.php?title=User:Gauri_Guptaa/chapterNavInjector.js&amp;action=raw&amp;ctype=text/javascript' );&quot;</comment>
      <origin>4653411</origin>
      <model>javascript</model>
      <format>text/javascript</format>
      <text bytes="190" sha1="ebj4zzapsdcpqlk81kv7q1jn4cqt5pe" xml:space="preserve">// [[User:Gauri_Guptaa/chapterNavInjector.js]] — auto prev/next chapter nav
mw.loader.load( '/w/index.php?title=User:Gauri_Guptaa/chapterNavInjector.js&amp;action=raw&amp;ctype=text/javascript' );</text>
      <sha1>ebj4zzapsdcpqlk81kv7q1jn4cqt5pe</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>User:Gauri Guptaa/TestBook/Chapter 1</title>
    <ns>2</ns>
    <id>484594</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4653412</id>
      <timestamp>2026-07-09T18:36:50Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Gauri Guptaa</username>
        <id>3612563</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>This is chapter 1.</comment>
      <origin>4653412</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="18" sha1="ko0dblo2e9ia7zbabdljlhlcluxycrf" xml:space="preserve">This is chapter 1.</text>
      <sha1>ko0dblo2e9ia7zbabdljlhlcluxycrf</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>User:Gauri Guptaa/TestBook/Chapter 2</title>
    <ns>2</ns>
    <id>484595</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4653413</id>
      <timestamp>2026-07-09T18:37:37Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Gauri Guptaa</username>
        <id>3612563</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>This is chapter 2</comment>
      <origin>4653413</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="18" sha1="furdm48vvm6ikn0ipebf29cbg0fqjya" xml:space="preserve">This is chapter 2.</text>
      <sha1>furdm48vvm6ikn0ipebf29cbg0fqjya</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>User:Gauri Guptaa/TestBook/Chapter 3</title>
    <ns>2</ns>
    <id>484596</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4653414</id>
      <timestamp>2026-07-09T18:37:52Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Gauri Guptaa</username>
        <id>3612563</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>This is chapter 3</comment>
      <origin>4653414</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="17" sha1="mwx7hjqx9opah34e7yat9yxebfo455z" xml:space="preserve">This is chapter 3</text>
      <sha1>mwx7hjqx9opah34e7yat9yxebfo455z</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...c6/2. d4/2...d5/3. exd5/3...cxd5/4. c4/4...Nf6/5. Nc3/5...Nc6/6. Nf3/6...Bg4/7. cxd5/7...Nxd5/8. Qb3/8...Bxf3/9. gxf3/9...e6/10. Qxb7/10...Nxd4/11. Bb5/11...Nxb5/12. Qc6</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>484597</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4653422</id>
      <timestamp>2026-07-09T20:21:05Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Greenman</username>
        <id>7490</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>start</comment>
      <origin>4653422</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1211" sha1="h1refy7gzo1up9w95hhm1hvxssn1k1f" xml:space="preserve">{{Chess Opening Theory/Position|=
|Caro-Kann Panov-Botvinnik Attack|
   |rd|  |  |qd|kd|bd||rd|=
   |pd|  |  |  |  |pd|pd|pd|=
   |  |  |ql|  |pd|  |  |  |=
   |  |nl|  |nd|  |  |  |  |=
   |  |  |  |nd|  |  |  |  |=
   |  |  |  |  |  |pl|  |  |=
   |pl|pl|  |  |  |pl|  |pl|=
   |rl|  |bl|  |kl|  |  |rl|=
|moves=1.e4 c6 2.d4 d5 3.exd5 cxd5 4.c4 Nf6 5. Nc3 Nc6 6. Nf3 Bg4 7. cxd5 Nxd5 8. Qb3 Bxf3 9. gxf3 e6 10. Qxb7 Nxd4 11. Bb5+ Nxb5 12. Qc6+ 
|parent=[[Chess/Caro-Kann Defence|Caro-Kann]]
|eco=[[Chess/ECOB|B13-B14]]
}}
= 12. Qc6+ · Caro-Kann Panov-Botvinnik Attack=
Black cannot defend with the queen as the rook will be lost, so is forced to move the king.

==Theory table==
{{Chess Opening Theory/Table}}

1.e4 c6 2.d4 d5 3.exd5 cxd5 4. c4 Nf6 5. Nc3 Nc6 6. Nf3 Bg4 7. cxd5 Nxd5 8. Qb3 Bxf3 9. gxf3 e6 10. Qxb7 Nxd4 11. Bb5+ Ndb5 12. Qc6+
&lt;table border=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;4&quot;&gt;
	&lt;tr&gt;
		&lt;th&gt;&lt;/th&gt;
		&lt;th align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;12&lt;/th&gt;
	&lt;/tr&gt;
	&lt;tr&gt;
		&lt;td&gt;[[/12...Ke7|Ke7]]

&lt;/td&gt;
	&lt;/tr&gt;
	
&lt;/table&gt;
{{ChessMid}}
{{Wikipedia|Panov-Botvinnik Attack}}

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{NCO}}
{{MCO14}}
{{BCO2}}
* ''Play the Caro-Kann''. 2007. Jovanka Houska {{ISBN|9781857447965}}
{{Chess Opening Theory/Footer}}</text>
      <sha1>h1refy7gzo1up9w95hhm1hvxssn1k1f</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...c6/2. d4/2...d5/3. exd5/3...cxd5/4. c4/4...Nf6/5. Nc3/5...Nc6/6. Nf3/6...Bg4/7. cxd5/7...Nxd5/8. Qb3/8...Bxf3/9. gxf3/9...e6/10. Qxb7/10...Nxd4/11. Bb5/11...Nxb5/12. Qc6/12...Ke7</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>484598</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4653425</id>
      <timestamp>2026-07-09T20:37:48Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Greenman</username>
        <id>7490</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>.</comment>
      <origin>4653425</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1485" sha1="ppk8mgxnxx8q6w0us4ljs5m3eo9w80z" xml:space="preserve">{{Chess Opening Theory/Position|=
|Caro-Kann Exchange Variation|
   |rd|  |  |qd|  |bd|  |rd|=
   |pd|  |  |  |kd  |pd|pd|pd|=
   |  |  |ql|  |pd|  |  |  |=
   |  |nd|  |nd|  |  |  |  |=
   |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |=
   |  |ql|nl|  |  |pl|  |  |=
   |pl|pl|  |  |  |pl|  |pl|=
   |rl|nl|bl|  |kl|  |  |rl|=
|parent=[[Chess/Caro-Kann Defence|Caro-Kann]]
}}
= 12... Ke7 · Caro-Kann Panov-Botvinnik Attack=
Black's king will now come under sustained attack. White most commonly recaptures the knight with Qxb5, but there also exists the dramatic but perfectly sound piece sacrifice, Qc5+. Nxb5 is also played on occasion.

==Theory table==
{{Chess Opening Theory/Table}}

1.e4 c6 2.d4 d5 3.exd5 cxd5 4.c4 Nf6 5.Nc3 Nc6 6.Nf3 Bg4 7.cxd5 Nxd5 8. Qb3 Bxf3 9. gxf3 e6 10. Qxb7 Nxd4 11. Bb5+ Nxb5 12.Qc6+ Ke7
&lt;table border=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;4&quot;&gt;
	&lt;tr&gt;
		&lt;th&gt;&lt;/th&gt;
		&lt;th align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;13&lt;/th&gt;
	&lt;/tr&gt;
	&lt;tr&gt;
		&lt;th align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;&lt;/th&gt;
		&lt;td&gt;[[/13. Qc5|Qc5+]]
	&lt;/tr&gt;
	&lt;tr&gt;
		&lt;th align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;&lt;/th&gt;
		&lt;td&gt;[[/12. Qxb5|Qxb5]]
	&lt;/tr&gt;
	&lt;tr&gt;
		&lt;th align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;&lt;/th&gt;
		&lt;td&gt;[[/12. Nxb5|Nxb5]]
	&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;
{{ChessMid}}

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Wikipedia|Caro-Kann}}
* Nunns Chess Openings. 1999. John Nunn (Editor), Graham Burgess, John Emms, Joe Gallagher. {{ISBN|1-8574-4221-0}}.
* Modern Chess Openings: MCO-14. 1999. Nick de Firmian, Walter Korn. {{ISBN|0-8129-3084-3}}.
{{BCO2}}
* Play the Caro-Kann. 2007. Jovanka Houska {{ISBN|9781857447965}}
{{Chess Opening Theory/Footer}}</text>
      <sha1>ppk8mgxnxx8q6w0us4ljs5m3eo9w80z</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4653430</id>
      <parentid>4653425</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-09T20:44:00Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Greenman</username>
        <id>7490</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Theory table */ order</comment>
      <origin>4653430</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1485" sha1="d921tn7za4b3uxlrx9mv2zaaxmlohd2" xml:space="preserve">{{Chess Opening Theory/Position|=
|Caro-Kann Exchange Variation|
   |rd|  |  |qd|  |bd|  |rd|=
   |pd|  |  |  |kd  |pd|pd|pd|=
   |  |  |ql|  |pd|  |  |  |=
   |  |nd|  |nd|  |  |  |  |=
   |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |=
   |  |ql|nl|  |  |pl|  |  |=
   |pl|pl|  |  |  |pl|  |pl|=
   |rl|nl|bl|  |kl|  |  |rl|=
|parent=[[Chess/Caro-Kann Defence|Caro-Kann]]
}}
= 12... Ke7 · Caro-Kann Panov-Botvinnik Attack=
Black's king will now come under sustained attack. White most commonly recaptures the knight with Qxb5, but there also exists the dramatic but perfectly sound piece sacrifice, Qc5+. Nxb5 is also played on occasion.

==Theory table==
{{Chess Opening Theory/Table}}

1.e4 c6 2.d4 d5 3.exd5 cxd5 4.c4 Nf6 5.Nc3 Nc6 6.Nf3 Bg4 7.cxd5 Nxd5 8. Qb3 Bxf3 9. gxf3 e6 10. Qxb7 Nxd4 11. Bb5+ Nxb5 12.Qc6+ Ke7
&lt;table border=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;4&quot;&gt;
	&lt;tr&gt;
		&lt;th&gt;&lt;/th&gt;
		&lt;th align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;13&lt;/th&gt;
	&lt;/tr&gt;
	&lt;tr&gt;
		&lt;th align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;&lt;/th&gt;
		&lt;td&gt;[[/12. Qxb5|Qxb5]]
	&lt;/tr&gt;
	&lt;tr&gt;
		&lt;th align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;&lt;/th&gt;
		&lt;td&gt;[[/13. Qc5|Qc5+]]
	&lt;/tr&gt;
	&lt;tr&gt;
		&lt;th align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;&lt;/th&gt;
		&lt;td&gt;[[/12. Nxb5|Nxb5]]
	&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;
{{ChessMid}}

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Wikipedia|Caro-Kann}}
* Nunns Chess Openings. 1999. John Nunn (Editor), Graham Burgess, John Emms, Joe Gallagher. {{ISBN|1-8574-4221-0}}.
* Modern Chess Openings: MCO-14. 1999. Nick de Firmian, Walter Korn. {{ISBN|0-8129-3084-3}}.
{{BCO2}}
* Play the Caro-Kann. 2007. Jovanka Houska {{ISBN|9781857447965}}
{{Chess Opening Theory/Footer}}</text>
      <sha1>d921tn7za4b3uxlrx9mv2zaaxmlohd2</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>MediaWiki:Protectedtalkpagemovewarning</title>
    <ns>8</ns>
    <id>484599</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4653433</id>
      <timestamp>2026-07-09T21:42:16Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Codename Noreste</username>
        <id>3441010</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Using 'discussion' instead of 'talk'.</comment>
      <origin>4653433</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="197" sha1="7rai3eet3qa4o51smtnzvq7yk2579er" xml:space="preserve">&lt;strong&gt;Warning:&lt;/strong&gt; The discussion page of the page you are trying to move to has been protected so that only administrators can move it.
The latest log entry is provided below for reference:</text>
      <sha1>7rai3eet3qa4o51smtnzvq7yk2579er</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>User:JackPetro2026/SVGedit.js</title>
    <ns>2</ns>
    <id>484600</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4653437</id>
      <timestamp>2026-07-09T23:09:50Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>JackPetro2026</username>
        <id>3613136</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;/** * Allow editing SVG file's source code without having to save them locally (aka &quot;download&quot;) them. * @docu https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Rillke/SVGedit.js * * @rev 1 (2014-03-22) * @rev 2 (2015-05-29) * @author Rillke, 2014-2015 */ // List the global variables for jsHint-Validation. Please make sure that it passes http://jshint.com/ // Scheme: globalVariable:allowOverwriting[, globalVariable:allowOverwriting][, globalVariable:allowOverwriting] /* global...&quot;</comment>
      <origin>4653437</origin>
      <model>javascript</model>
      <format>text/javascript</format>
      <text bytes="21649" sha1="kj7phq6s4dgnl76n1scs310lw2jyg6h" xml:space="preserve">/**
* Allow editing SVG file's source code without having to save them locally (aka &quot;download&quot;) them.
* @docu https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Rillke/SVGedit.js
*
* @rev 1 (2014-03-22)
* @rev 2 (2015-05-29)
* @author Rillke, 2014-2015
*/
// List the global variables for jsHint-Validation. Please make sure that it passes http://jshint.com/
// Scheme: globalVariable:allowOverwriting[, globalVariable:allowOverwriting][, globalVariable:allowOverwriting]
/* global jQuery:false, mediaWiki:false, MwJSBot:false, CodeMirror:false */
// Set jsHint-options. You should not set forin or undef to false if your script does not validate.
/* jshint forin:true, noarg:true, noempty:true, eqeqeq:true, bitwise:true, strict:true,
 undef:true, curly:false, browser:true, multistr:true */
/* eslint indent:[&quot;error&quot;,&quot;tab&quot;,{&quot;outerIIFEBody&quot;:0}] */

(function ($, mw) {
'use strict';

var svgEdit,
	i,
	MYSELF = 'SVGEdit',
	conf = mw.config.get([
		'wgDBname',
		'wgPageName',
		'wgNamespaceNumber',
		'wgRevisionId',
		'wgTitle'
	]),
	isCommonsWiki = conf.wgDBname === 'commonswiki',
	random = Math.round(Math.random() * 0x1000000000),
	commonwWikiKey = 'commonswiki' + random,
	commonsWiki = {},
	modules = [
		['ext.gadget.jquery.blockUI', 'ver1_svg', [], null, commonwWikiKey],
		['ext.gadget.libAPI', 'ver1_svg', ['user.options'], null, commonwWikiKey],
		['ext.gadget.editDropdown', 'ver1_svg', ['jquery.client', 'user.options'], null, commonwWikiKey]
	];

svgEdit = {
	version: '0.0.15.2',
	init: function () {
		var $activationLinks = $();
		// File namespace?
		if (conf.wgNamespaceNumber !== 6 || !/\.svg$/i.test(conf.wgPageName))
			return svgEdit.log('Not a SVG-file. Aborting initialization.');

		if (mw.user.isAnon())
			return svgEdit.log('Anonymous users cannot upload files. Aborting initialization.');

		// if (!conf.wgRevisionId || !$('.filehistory').find('td.filehistory-selected').length) return svgEdit.log('Page or file does not exist.');

		$activationLinks = $activationLinks.add(mw.libs.commons.ui.addEditLink('#SVGedit', 'Edit SVG', 'e-edit-raw-SVG', 'Edit SVG source code'));

		$activationLinks.click(function (e) {
			e.preventDefault();
			svgEdit.run();
			$activationLinks.addClass('ui-state-disabled');
		});
		if (mw.util.getParamValue('svgrawedit'))
			svgEdit.run();
	},
	registerModules: function () {
		// Register custom modules
		if (!mw.loader.getState('mediawiki.commons.MwJSBot')) {
			mw.loader.implement('mediawiki.commons.MwJSBot', ['//commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?action=raw&amp;ctype=text/javascript&amp;title=User:Rillke/MwJSBot.js'],
				{ /* no styles*/ }, { /* no messages*/ });
		}
	},
	run: function () {
		// Create GUI
		svgEdit.registerModules();

		mw.loader.using(['mediawiki.commons.MwJSBot', 'user.options'], function () {
			svgEdit.gui();
		});
	},
	gui: function () {
		var $gui = $('&lt;form action=&quot;/&quot;&gt;'),
			$preview = $('&lt;div&gt;')
				.appendTo($gui),
			$diffContainer = $('&lt;div&gt;')
				.css({ border: '1px solid grey' })
				.text('Diff: ')
				.hide()
				.appendTo($gui),
			$validationWrapper = $('&lt;div&gt;')
				.css({
					'border': '1px solid grey',
					'min-height': '2em',
					'max-height': '40em',
					'resize': 'both',
					'overflow': 'auto'
				})
				.hide()
				.appendTo($gui),
			$validationDoctypeLabel = $('&lt;div&gt;')
				.css({
					'float': 'right',
					'background': '#FFD',
					'padding': '.3em',
					'font-family': 'monospace'
				})
				.attr({ title: 'document type used for validation' })
				.appendTo($validationWrapper),
			$validationContainer = $('&lt;ul&gt;')
				.appendTo($validationWrapper),
			$validationContainer2 = $('&lt;ul&gt;')
				.appendTo($validationWrapper),
			$diff = $('&lt;div&gt;')
				.css({ font: '12px &quot;Monaco&quot;,&quot;Menlo&quot;,&quot;Ubuntu Mono&quot;,&quot;Consolas&quot;,&quot;source-code-pro&quot;,monospace' })
				.appendTo($diffContainer),
			$imgPreviewContainer = $('&lt;div&gt;')
				.css({
					position: 'relative',
					overflow: 'hidden',
					display: 'inline-block'
				})
				.html('&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Librsvg&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;RSVG&lt;/a&gt; rendering:&lt;br&gt;')
				.hide()
				.appendTo($preview),
			$imgPreview = $('&lt;img&gt;')
				.attr({ title: 'rsvg preview' })
				.css({ 'vertical-align': 'top' })
				.addClass('com-svgedit-preview')
				.appendTo($imgPreviewContainer),
			$imgPreview2Container = $('&lt;div&gt;')
				.css({
					position: 'relative',
					overflow: 'hidden',
					display: 'inline-block'
				})
				.html('Browser rendering (iframe):&lt;br&gt;')
				.hide()
				.appendTo($preview),
			$imgPreview2Overlay = $('&lt;div&gt;')
				.attr({ title: 'browser preview' })
				.css({
					'position': 'absolute',
					'left': 0,
					'top': 0,
					'bottom': 0,
					'right': 0,
					'z-index': 1
				})
				.appendTo($imgPreview2Container),
			$imgPreview2 = $('&lt;iframe&gt;')
				.attr({
					sandbox: 'sandbox',
					title: 'browser preview'
				})
				.css({
					'border': '1px solid #EEE',
					'width': 0,
					'height': 0,
					'resizable': 'both',
					'vertical-align': 'top'
				})
				.addClass('com-svgedit-preview')
				.appendTo($imgPreview2Container),
			$taWrap = $('&lt;div&gt;')
				.appendTo($gui),
			$ta = $('&lt;textarea&gt;').attr({
				rows: mw.user.options.get('rows'),
				cols: mw.user.options.get('cols'),
				disabled: 'disabled'
			}).css({ width: '99%' }).appendTo($taWrap),
			$sum = $('&lt;input type=&quot;text&quot; style=&quot;width:99%&quot; maxlength=&quot;200&quot; pattern=&quot;.{3,}&quot; required placeholder=&quot;upload summary (changes, techniques, 3-200 characters)&quot; title=&quot;3-200 letters, please&quot;&gt;')
				.appendTo($gui),
			$buttonPane = $('&lt;div&gt;')
				.addClass('com-svg-edit-buttonpane')
				.appendTo($gui),
			$saveBtn = $('&lt;button&gt;').attr({
				type: 'submit',
				role: 'submit',
				disabled: 'disabled'
			}).text('Save SVG').appendTo($buttonPane),
			$loadCodeEditorBtn = $('&lt;button&gt;').attr({
				type: 'button',
				role: 'button',
				disabled: 'disabled',
				title: 'Loads a code editor (XML mode)'
			}).text('Load CodeMirror').appendTo($buttonPane),
			$previewBtn = $('&lt;button&gt;').attr({
				type: 'button',
				role: 'button',
				disabled: 'disabled',
				title: 'Render a preview'
			}).text('Preview').appendTo($buttonPane),
			$diffBtn = $('&lt;button&gt;').attr({
				type: 'button',
				role: 'button',
				disabled: 'disabled',
				title: 'Show difference between saved and working copy'
			}).text('Diff').appendTo($buttonPane),
			$validationDoctype = $('&lt;select&gt;')
				.html(
'&lt;option value=&quot;Inline&quot; selected=&quot;&quot;&gt;(detect automatically)&lt;/option&gt;\
&lt;option value=&quot;SVG 1.0&quot;&gt;SVG 1.0&lt;/option&gt;\
&lt;option value=&quot;SVG 1.1&quot;&gt;SVG 1.1&lt;/option&gt;\
&lt;option value=&quot;SVG 1.1 Tiny&quot;&gt;SVG 1.1 Tiny&lt;/option&gt;\
&lt;option value=&quot;SVG 1.1 Basic&quot;&gt;SVG 1.1 Basic&lt;/option&gt;'
				)
				.hide()
				.appendTo($buttonPane),
			$validateButton = $('&lt;button&gt;').attr({
				type: 'button',
				role: 'button',
				disabled: 'disabled',
				title: 'Check for glitches against validators'
			}).text('Validate').appendTo($buttonPane),
			$uploadButton = $('&lt;input type=&quot;file&quot;&gt;').attr({
				disabled: 'disabled',
				title: 'Replace editor contents with file contents'
			}).appendTo($buttonPane),
			allowCloseWindow,
			timeout,
			getCurrentValue,
			setCurrentValue,
			getOriginal,
			$fetchCB;
		mw.util.addCSS('.com-svgedit-preview:hover, .com-svgedit-preview-hover { \
			background: url(&quot;//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5d/Checker-16x16.png&quot;) repeat scroll }');
		$('&lt;div&gt;').css({
			'float': 'right',
			'color': '#DDD'
		}).text('Version: ' + this.version).appendTo($buttonPane);

		getCurrentValue = function () {
			return svgEdit.CodeMirror ?
				svgEdit.CodeMirror.getValue() :
				$ta.val();
		};
		setCurrentValue = function (val) {
			if (svgEdit.CodeMirror)
				svgEdit.CodeMirror.setValue(val);
			else
				$ta.val(val);

		};
		getOriginal = function () {
			return $ta.data('orignal-svg');
		};
		$fetchCB = function (r) {
			$ta.val(r);
			$ta.data('orignal-svg', r);
			$saveBtn
				.add($ta)
				.add($loadCodeEditorBtn)
				.add($previewBtn)
				.add($diffBtn)
				.add($validateButton)
				.add($uploadButton)
				.removeAttr('disabled');
			timeout = setTimeout(function () {
				mw.loader.using('mediawiki.confirmCloseWindow', function () {
					allowCloseWindow = mw.confirmCloseWindow({ test: function () {
						return getCurrentValue() !== getOriginal();
					} });
				});
			}, 5000);
		};

		$ta.val('Loading SVG');
		this.fileUrl = '';

		$('#file').find('a').each(function (i, el) {
			var href = $(el).attr('href'),
				fileDomainPos = href.indexOf('upload.wikimedia.org');
			if (fileDomainPos &lt; 10 &amp;&amp; fileDomainPos !== -1 &amp;&amp; /\.svg$/i.test(href)) {
				svgEdit.fileUrl = href;
				return false;
			}
		});

		if (!this.fileUrl) {
		// Get filepath if in edit-mode
			$.ajax({
				url: mw.config.get('wgServer') + mw.util.wikiScript('api') + '?action=query&amp;format=json&amp;prop=imageinfo&amp;titles=' + mw.util.wikiUrlencode(conf.wgPageName) + '&amp;iiprop=url&amp;iilimit=1',
				dataType: 'json',
				success: function (r) {
					if (r &amp;&amp; r.query &amp;&amp; r.query.pages) {
						r = r.query.pages;
						for (var id in r) {
							if (r[id].imageinfo[0] &amp;&amp; r[id].imageinfo[0].url) {
								svgEdit.fileUrl = r[id].imageinfo[0].url;
								return svgEdit.$fetch().done($fetchCB);
							} else {
								svgEdit.failURL();
							}
						}
					} else {
						svgEdit.failURL();
					}
				}
			});
		} else {
			this.$fetch().done($fetchCB);
		}

		$imgPreview2Overlay.click(function () {
			if (prompt('DANGER ZONE: For your security, we added \
				an overlay over the iframe protecting you from accidental \
				interactions with the potentially evil/ harmful SVG code. \
				Type &quot;sudo&quot; to disable this security-layer. \
				(Otherwise just cancel)') === 'sudo')
				$imgPreview2Overlay.hide();

		}).hover(function () {
			$imgPreview2.addClass('com-svgedit-preview-hover');
		}, function () {
			$imgPreview2.removeClass('com-svgedit-preview-hover');
		});

		$gui.submit(function (e) {
			e.preventDefault();
			$saveBtn.add($sum).attr('disabled', 'disabled');
			svgEdit.save(
				svgEdit.CodeMirror ?
					svgEdit.CodeMirror.getValue() :
					$ta.val(),
				$sum.val()
			).done(function (httpStatus, response) {
				if (response &amp;&amp; window.JSON)
					response = JSON.parse(response);

				if (response &amp;&amp; response.error) {
					alert('API Error ' + response.error.code + ':\n' + response.error.info);
					$saveBtn.add($sum).removeAttr('disabled');
					$taWrap.attr('noblock', 1).unblock();
				} else {
					clearTimeout(timeout);
					if (allowCloseWindow)
						allowCloseWindow.release();

					svgEdit.reload();
				}
			}).fail(function () {
				alert('Server error: Something went wrong');
				$saveBtn.add($sum).removeAttr('disabled');
				$taWrap.attr('noblock', 1).unblock();
			});
			svgEdit.block($taWrap);
		});

		$loadCodeEditorBtn.click(function () {
			$(this).attr('disabled', 'disabled');
			svgEdit.loadCodeEditor($ta);
		});

		$previewBtn.click(function () {
			var val = getCurrentValue(),
				blob,
				URL,
				dataUrl,
				typedArray,
				v,
				w,
				h,
				m;
			URL = window.URL || window.webkitURL;

			blob = new Blob([val], { type: 'image/svg+xml' });
			dataUrl = URL.createObjectURL(blob);
			// Naive RegExp matching (avoids parsing the whole document)
			// and possible security or malformed SVG troubles
			v = val.slice(4, 5000);
			m = v.match(/height\s*=\s*[&quot;']([\d.]+)[&quot;']/);
			if (!(m &amp;&amp; (h = m[1]) &amp;&amp; (h = Number(h)) &amp;&amp; h &gt; 15))
				h = 500;

			m = v.match(/width\s*=\s*[&quot;']([\d.]+)[&quot;']/);
			if (!(m &amp;&amp; (w = m[1]) &amp;&amp; (w = Number(w)) &amp;&amp; w &gt; 15))
				w = 500;

			$previewBtn.attr('disabled', 'disabled');

			$imgPreview2Container.show();
			$imgPreviewContainer.css({
				height: 500,
				width: 500
			}).show();
			svgEdit.block($imgPreviewContainer);
			svgEdit.block($imgPreview2Container);

			$imgPreview2.one('load', function () {
				if ($imgPreview2Container.unblock)
					$imgPreview2Container.unblock();

			}).attr('src', dataUrl).css({
				width: w,
				height: h
			});

			svgEdit
				.fetchPreview(val)
				.done(function (statusText, response) {
					typedArray = new Uint8Array(response);
					blob = new Blob([typedArray], { type: 'image/jpeg' });
					dataUrl = URL.createObjectURL(blob);
					$imgPreviewContainer.css({
						height: 'auto',
						width: 'auto'
					});
					$imgPreview.attr('src', dataUrl);
					setTimeout(function () {
						$imgPreview2.css({
							width: $imgPreview.width(),
							height: $imgPreview.height()
						});
					}, 1000);
				})
				.fail(function (/* r*/) {
					$imgPreview.attr('src', '//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Bug_blank.svg/200px-Bug_blank.svg.png');
				})
				.always(function () {
					$previewBtn.removeAttr('disabled');
					$imgPreviewContainer.add($imgPreview2Container).unblock();
				});
		});
		$diffBtn.click(function () {
			svgEdit.block($diffContainer.show());
			svgEdit.$usingScharkDiff().done(function () {
				$diff.html(mw.libs.schnarkDiff.htmlDiff(
					getOriginal(),
					getCurrentValue(),
					true));
				$diffContainer.unblock();
			});
		});
		$validateButton.click(function () {
			if ($validationDoctype.css('display') === 'none')
				return $validationDoctype.fadeIn('fast');

			svgEdit.block($validationWrapper.show());
			svgEdit.$validate(getCurrentValue(), $validationDoctype.val()).done(function (textStatus, r) {
				$validationWrapper.unblock();
				$validationContainer.add($validationContainer2).text('');
				try {
					r = JSON.parse(r);
				} catch (invalidJSON) {}
				if (r.source)
					$validationDoctypeLabel.text(r.source.doctype);

				if (r.svgcheck &amp;&amp; r.svgcheck.length) {
					$.each(r.svgcheck, function (i, msg) {
						$validationContainer2.append(svgEdit.$validationItem2(msg));
					});
				}
				if (r.messages) {
					$.each(r.messages, function (i, msg) {
						$validationContainer.append(svgEdit.$validationItem(msg));
					});
					if (!r.messages.length)
						$validationContainer.append($('&lt;li&gt;Well done :)&lt;/li&gt;'));

				} else if (r.response) {
					$validationContainer.html(r.response);
				} else {
					$validationContainer.text(JSON.stringify(r));
				}
			});
		});
		$uploadButton.on('change', function () {
			var file = $uploadButton[0].files[0];
			if (!file)
				return;

			var size = file.size;
			if (size &gt; 15 * 1024 * 1024)
				return alert('Selected file is &gt; 15 MiB. Aborting.');

			var reader = new FileReader();
			reader.onload = function () {
				// Clear upload button
				$uploadButton.val('');
				if (getCurrentValue() !== $ta.data('orignal-svg')) {
					if (!confirm('The editor contents changed from the stored revision. Are you sure you want to replace the editor contents with the contents loaded from the file selected?')) {
						return; // Cancel: Do nothing!
					}
				}
				setCurrentValue(reader.result);
			};
			reader.readAsText(file);
		});
		$gui.prependTo('#mw-content-text');
	},
	block: function ($el) {
		mw.loader.using('ext.gadget.jquery.blockUI', function () {
			if ($el.attr('noblock'))
				return;

			$el.block({
				message: '&lt;img src=&quot;//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/10/Loading-special.gif&quot; height=&quot;15&quot; width=&quot;128&quot;&gt;',
				css: {
					border: 'none',
					background: 'none'
				}
			});
		});
	},
	$validationItem: function (validatorMsg) {
		var p = 'com-svgedit-validation-',
			$l = $('&lt;code&gt;').addClass(p + 'line').text('L.' + validatorMsg.lastLine),
			$col = validatorMsg.lastColumn ? $('&lt;code&gt;').addClass(p + 'col')
				.text('col.' + validatorMsg.lastColumn) : '',
			$msg = $('&lt;span&gt;').addClass(p + 'message').text(validatorMsg.message),
			$msgId = $('&lt;span&gt;').addClass(p + 'messageid').text(validatorMsg.messageid),
			$li = $('&lt;li&gt;').append($l, ' ', $col, ': ', $msg, ' (', $msgId, ')');
		return $li;
	},
	$validationItem2: function (validatorMsg) {
		$.each(validatorMsg.issues, function (i, issue) {
			validatorMsg.issues[i] = mw.html.escape(issue)
				.replace(/\*\*(.+?)\*\*/, '&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;$1&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;')
				.replace(/\*(.+?)\*/, '&lt;i&gt;$1&lt;/i&gt;');
		});
		var p = 'com-svgedit-validation-',
			$l = $('&lt;code&gt;').addClass(p + 'line').text('L.' + validatorMsg.line),
			$msg = $('&lt;span&gt;').addClass(p + 'message')
				.html(validatorMsg.issues.join(', ')),
			$li = $('&lt;li&gt;').append($l, ': ', $msg);
		return $li;
	},
	$validate: function (svg, doctype) {
		return svgEdit.bot.multipartMessageForUTF8Files()
			.appendPart('svgcheck', 'on')
			.appendPart('doctype', doctype)
			.appendPart('file', svg, 'input.svg')
			.$send('//validator.toolforge.org/w3.php');
	},
	$usingScharkDiff: function () {
		var $deferred = $.Deferred();
		if (mw.libs.schnarkDiff &amp;&amp; mw.libs.schnarkDiff.htmlDiff) {
			$deferred.resolve();
		} else {
			mw.hook('userjs.load-script.diff-core').add(function () {
				mw.libs.schnarkDiff.style.set('ins', 'text-decoration: underline; font-weight: bold; font-size:1.2em; color: #020; background-color: #ABE; -moz-text-decoration-color:#474;');
				mw.libs.schnarkDiff.style.set('del', 'font-size:1.2em; color: #200; background-color: #FD9; text-decoration-color:#744;');
				mw.util.addCSS(mw.libs.schnarkDiff.getCSS());
				mw.libs.schnarkDiff.config.set('minMovedLength', 20);
				mw.libs.schnarkDiff.config.set('tooShort', 3);
				$deferred.resolve();
			});
			mw.loader.load('//de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Benutzer:Schnark/js/diff.js/core.js&amp;action=raw&amp;ctype=text/javascript');
		}
		return $deferred.promise();
	},
	failURL: function (err) {
		err = err || 'Unable to extract file URL.';
		svgEdit.log(err);
		throw new Error(err);
	},
	$fetch: function () {
		// Fetch SVG source code
		svgEdit.bot = new MwJSBot();

		if (!svgEdit.fileUrl)
			return svgEdit.failURL();

		// Assuming the SVG is UTF-8-encoded
		return $.ajax({
			url: svgEdit.fileUrl,
			cache: false,
			beforeSend: function (xhr) {
				xhr.overrideMimeType('text/plain; charset=UTF-8');
			}
		});
	},
	loadCodeEditor: function ($textArea/* , $parent*/) {
		// Just in case someone complains about the license ...
		var mirrors = [
				'//commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?',
				'//tools-static.wmflabs.org/rillke/CodeMirror/',
				'//mol-static.wmflabs.org/CodeMirror/'
			],
			scripts = ['lib/codemirror.js', 'mode/xml/xml.js'],
			styles = ['lib/codemirror.css'],
			params = {
				action: 'raw', ctype: 'text/javascript', title: '?'
			},

			rlScripts = $.map(scripts, function (el) {
				params.title = 'User:Rillke/CodeMirror/' + el;
				return mirrors[0] + $.param(params);
			});
		params.ctype = 'text/css';
		var rlStyles = $.map(styles, function (el) {
			params.title = 'User:Rillke/CodeMirror/' + el;
			return mirrors[0] + $.param(params);
		});

		if (!mw.loader.getState('mediawiki.commons.CodeMirror')) {
			mw.loader.implement('mediawiki.commons.CodeMirror',
				rlScripts, { url: { screen: rlStyles } },
				{ /* no messages*/ });
		}

		mw.loader.using('mediawiki.commons.CodeMirror', function () {
			var h = $textArea.parent().height(),
				m = $textArea.val()
					.slice(0, 6000)
					.match(/.+\n([\t ]+)&lt;\S+(?:.|\n)*\n\1&lt;/),
				settings = {
					lineNumbers: true,
					mode: 'xml',
					viewportMargin: 120
				},
				l;

			if (m) {
				l = m[1].length;
				if (l &gt; 0 &amp;&amp; l &lt; 9) {
					if (/ /.test(m[1])) {
						svgEdit.log('Indention with spaces');
						$.extend(true, settings, {
							extraKeys: { Tab: function () {
								svgEdit.CodeMirror.execCommand('insertSoftTab');
							} },
							tabSize: l
						});
					} else if (/\t/.test(m[1])) {
						svgEdit.log('Indention with tabs');
						$.extend(true, settings, {
							indentWithTabs: true,
							tabSize: 2
						});
					}
				}
			}
			svgEdit.CodeMirror = CodeMirror.fromTextArea($textArea[0], settings);
			$(svgEdit.CodeMirror.display.scroller).css({ height: (h - 5) + 'px' });
			$(svgEdit.CodeMirror.display.wrapper).css({
				border: '1px solid #EEE',
				height: 'auto'
			});
		});
	},
	save: function (text, summary) {
		if (summary)
			summary += ' // ';

		var message = svgEdit.bot.multipartMessageForUTF8Files()
			.appendPart('format', 'json')
			.appendPart('action', 'upload')
			.appendPart('filename', conf.wgTitle)
			.appendPart('comment', summary + 'Editing SVG source code using [[c:User:Rillke/SVGedit.js]]')
			.appendPart('file', text, conf.wgTitle)
			.appendPart('ignorewarnings', 1)
			.appendPart('token', mw.user.tokens.get('csrfToken'));
		if (isCommonsWiki)
			message.appendPart('tags', 'rillke-mw-js-bot');

		return message.$send();
	},
	fetchPreview: function (svg) {
		return svgEdit.bot.multipartMessageForUTF8Files()
			.appendPart('file', svg, 'input.svg')
			.$send('//convert.toolforge.org/svg2png.php', 'arraybuffer');
	},
	reload: function () {
		window.location.href = mw.util.getUrl(conf.wgPageName);
	},
	log: function () {
		var args = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments);
		args.unshift(MYSELF);
		mw.log.apply(mw.log, args);
	}
};

// Register globally
if (!isCommonsWiki || conf.wgDBname !== 'commonsarchivewiki') {
	// mw.loader.addSource has a check for source key uniqueness
	// that if it fails, throws an error.
	// Since I am offering many scripts, I would like to be able to register
	// a source from multiple code positions. However the loader has no
	// accessors to its internally maintained list of sources. Therefore
	// ensure with high probabiltiy that every source key added is unique.
	commonsWiki[commonwWikiKey] = '//commons.wikimedia.org/w/load.php';
	mw.loader.addSource(commonsWiki);

	// Register Commons RL modules
	for (i = 0; i &lt; modules.length; i++) {
		if (!mw.loader.getState(modules[i][0]))
			mw.loader.register([modules[i]]);
	}
}

// Expose globally
mw.libs.svgRawEditor = svgEdit;

mw.loader.using(['mediawiki.util', 'mediawiki.user', 'ext.gadget.editDropdown'], svgEdit.init);

}(jQuery, mediaWiki));</text>
      <sha1>kj7phq6s4dgnl76n1scs310lw2jyg6h</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>User:JackPetro2026/SVGedit</title>
    <ns>2</ns>
    <id>484601</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4653438</id>
      <timestamp>2026-07-09T23:11:27Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>JackPetro2026</username>
        <id>3613136</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;[[Category:User scripts|SVGedit]][[Category:SVGedit.js]] [[File:Edit SVG link new.png|thumb|Screenshot of SVGedit's activation link]] [[File:SVG edit interface.png|Screenshot of SVGedit.js in action|thumb|upright=2]] = Installation and usage = == Install == Add &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;javascript&quot;&gt; if (mw.config.get('wgNamespaceNumber') === 6 &amp;&amp; /SVG/i.test(mw.config.get('wgTitle').slice(-3))) // SVGedit on SVG files only 	importScript('User:Rillke/SVGedit.js'); &lt;/syntaxhi...&quot;</comment>
      <origin>4653438</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1777" sha1="0fg9u9cq8jn1prsi2ut0s60jxcxe36e" xml:space="preserve">[[Category:User scripts|SVGedit]][[Category:SVGedit.js]]
[[File:Edit SVG link new.png|thumb|Screenshot of SVGedit's activation link]]
[[File:SVG edit interface.png|Screenshot of SVGedit.js in action|thumb|upright=2]]
= Installation and usage =
== Install ==
Add
&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;javascript&quot;&gt;
if (mw.config.get('wgNamespaceNumber') === 6 &amp;&amp; /SVG/i.test(mw.config.get('wgTitle').slice(-3))) // SVGedit on SVG files only
	importScript('User:Rillke/SVGedit.js');
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
to [[Special:MyPage/common.js]]

=== Global or foreign wiki installation ===
Add
&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;javascript&quot;&gt;
if (mw.config.get('wgNamespaceNumber') === 6 &amp;&amp; /SVG/i.test(mw.config.get('wgTitle').slice(-3))) // SVGedit on SVG files only
    mw.loader.load( '//commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Rillke/SVGedit.js&amp;action=raw&amp;ctype=text/javascript' );
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
to [[:m:Special:MyPage/global.js]]. '''Make sure you remove any imports of this script at Wikimedia Commons before enabling global import, i.e. check your [[Special:MyPage/common.js]] and [[Special:MyPage/vector.js]] that you do not import the script there.'''

=={{int:Usage}}==
Click on &quot;edit SVG&quot; in the '''Tools'''-box (on the left hand side of the SVG file page).

== Is there a WYSIWYG editor ==
There is a buggy one, which can be enabled through loading [[User:Rillke/SVGEdit-WYSIWYG.js|&lt;code&gt;User:Rillke/SVGEdit-WYSIWYG.js&lt;/code&gt;]]

I do not recommend editing an upload which a lot of people rely on using this script. Also it's heavy, hosted on a server which might be compromised or down in the near future. Basically it's a preview of [[:mw:Extension:SVGEdit]].

:{{info}} currently broken. -- ''[[User:Rillke|Rillke]]''&lt;sup&gt;[[User talk:Rillke|(q?)]]&lt;/sup&gt; 22:22, 8 July 2019 (UTC)

= Discussion =</text>
      <sha1>0fg9u9cq8jn1prsi2ut0s60jxcxe36e</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4653439</id>
      <parentid>4653438</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-09T23:12:54Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>JackPetro2026</username>
        <id>3613136</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Is there a WYSIWYG editor */</comment>
      <origin>4653439</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1781" sha1="qxjfibu28lfz4epi56bp0eykl70slyq" xml:space="preserve">[[Category:User scripts|SVGedit]][[Category:SVGedit.js]]
[[File:Edit SVG link new.png|thumb|Screenshot of SVGedit's activation link]]
[[File:SVG edit interface.png|Screenshot of SVGedit.js in action|thumb|upright=2]]
= Installation and usage =
== Install ==
Add
&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;javascript&quot;&gt;
if (mw.config.get('wgNamespaceNumber') === 6 &amp;&amp; /SVG/i.test(mw.config.get('wgTitle').slice(-3))) // SVGedit on SVG files only
	importScript('User:Rillke/SVGedit.js');
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
to [[Special:MyPage/common.js]]

=== Global or foreign wiki installation ===
Add
&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;javascript&quot;&gt;
if (mw.config.get('wgNamespaceNumber') === 6 &amp;&amp; /SVG/i.test(mw.config.get('wgTitle').slice(-3))) // SVGedit on SVG files only
    mw.loader.load( '//commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Rillke/SVGedit.js&amp;action=raw&amp;ctype=text/javascript' );
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
to [[:m:Special:MyPage/global.js]]. '''Make sure you remove any imports of this script at Wikimedia Commons before enabling global import, i.e. check your [[Special:MyPage/common.js]] and [[Special:MyPage/vector.js]] that you do not import the script there.'''

=={{int:Usage}}==
Click on &quot;edit SVG&quot; in the '''Tools'''-box (on the left hand side of the SVG file page).

== Is there a WYSIWYG editor ==
There is a buggy one, which can be enabled through loading [[User:Rillke/SVGEdit-WYSIWYG.js|&lt;code&gt;User:Rillke/SVGEdit-WYSIWYG.js&lt;/code&gt;]]

I do not recommend editing an upload which a lot of people rely on using this script. Also it's heavy, hosted on a server which might be compromised or down in the near future. Basically it's a preview of [[:mw:Extension:SVGEdit]].

:{{not done}} currently broken. -- ''[[User:Rillke|Rillke]]''&lt;sup&gt;[[User talk:Rillke|(q?)]]&lt;/sup&gt; 22:22, 8 July 2019 (UTC)

= Discussion =</text>
      <sha1>qxjfibu28lfz4epi56bp0eykl70slyq</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4653440</id>
      <parentid>4653439</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-09T23:15:49Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>JackPetro2026</username>
        <id>3613136</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Blanked the page</comment>
      <origin>4653440</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="0" sha1="phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1" />
      <sha1>phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>User talk:JackPetro2026/SVGedit</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>484602</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4653441</id>
      <timestamp>2026-07-09T23:16:04Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>JackPetro2026</username>
        <id>3613136</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;[[Category:User scripts|SVGedit]][[Category:SVGedit.js]] [[File:Edit SVG link new.png|thumb|Screenshot of SVGedit's activation link]] [[File:SVG edit interface.png|Screenshot of SVGedit.js in action|thumb|upright=2]] = Installation and usage = == Install == Add &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;javascript&quot;&gt; if (mw.config.get('wgNamespaceNumber') === 6 &amp;&amp; /SVG/i.test(mw.config.get('wgTitle').slice(-3))) // SVGedit on SVG files only 	importScript('User:Rillke/SVGedit.js'); &lt;/syntaxhi...&quot;</comment>
      <origin>4653441</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1781" sha1="qxjfibu28lfz4epi56bp0eykl70slyq" xml:space="preserve">[[Category:User scripts|SVGedit]][[Category:SVGedit.js]]
[[File:Edit SVG link new.png|thumb|Screenshot of SVGedit's activation link]]
[[File:SVG edit interface.png|Screenshot of SVGedit.js in action|thumb|upright=2]]
= Installation and usage =
== Install ==
Add
&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;javascript&quot;&gt;
if (mw.config.get('wgNamespaceNumber') === 6 &amp;&amp; /SVG/i.test(mw.config.get('wgTitle').slice(-3))) // SVGedit on SVG files only
	importScript('User:Rillke/SVGedit.js');
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
to [[Special:MyPage/common.js]]

=== Global or foreign wiki installation ===
Add
&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;javascript&quot;&gt;
if (mw.config.get('wgNamespaceNumber') === 6 &amp;&amp; /SVG/i.test(mw.config.get('wgTitle').slice(-3))) // SVGedit on SVG files only
    mw.loader.load( '//commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Rillke/SVGedit.js&amp;action=raw&amp;ctype=text/javascript' );
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
to [[:m:Special:MyPage/global.js]]. '''Make sure you remove any imports of this script at Wikimedia Commons before enabling global import, i.e. check your [[Special:MyPage/common.js]] and [[Special:MyPage/vector.js]] that you do not import the script there.'''

=={{int:Usage}}==
Click on &quot;edit SVG&quot; in the '''Tools'''-box (on the left hand side of the SVG file page).

== Is there a WYSIWYG editor ==
There is a buggy one, which can be enabled through loading [[User:Rillke/SVGEdit-WYSIWYG.js|&lt;code&gt;User:Rillke/SVGEdit-WYSIWYG.js&lt;/code&gt;]]

I do not recommend editing an upload which a lot of people rely on using this script. Also it's heavy, hosted on a server which might be compromised or down in the near future. Basically it's a preview of [[:mw:Extension:SVGEdit]].

:{{not done}} currently broken. -- ''[[User:Rillke|Rillke]]''&lt;sup&gt;[[User talk:Rillke|(q?)]]&lt;/sup&gt; 22:22, 8 July 2019 (UTC)

= Discussion =</text>
      <sha1>qxjfibu28lfz4epi56bp0eykl70slyq</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4653442</id>
      <parentid>4653441</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-09T23:17:26Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>JackPetro2026</username>
        <id>3613136</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Blanked the page</comment>
      <origin>4653442</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="0" sha1="phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1" />
      <sha1>phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Saab/VIN Codes</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>484603</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4653444</id>
      <timestamp>2026-07-10T00:33:22Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>JustTheFacts33</username>
        <id>3434282</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;{{Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Warning}}{{clear}}  ===Positions 1–3, World Manufacturer Identifier:===   * YS3 - Saab passenger car * YK1 - Saab passenger car made by Valmet in Finland ('81-'83) * JF4 - Saab passenger car made by Subaru in Japan ('05-'06 9-2X) * 3G0 - Saab MPV made by GM in Mexico ('11 9-4X) * 5S3 - Saab MPV made by GM in US ('05-'09 9-7X)  ===Positions 4, Model Line:=== * A = 900 (1st gen. - '81-'93, '94 convertible) * C = 9000 ('86-'98)...&quot;</comment>
      <origin>4653444</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3361" sha1="08vjpbr9vagymuhro23rqcmjh99j5bl" xml:space="preserve">{{Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Warning}}{{clear}}

===Positions 1–3, World Manufacturer Identifier:===  
* YS3 - Saab passenger car
* YK1 - Saab passenger car made by Valmet in Finland ('81-'83)
* JF4 - Saab passenger car made by Subaru in Japan ('05-'06 9-2X)
* 3G0 - Saab MPV made by GM in Mexico ('11 9-4X)
* 5S3 - Saab MPV made by GM in US ('05-'09 9-7X)

===Positions 4, Model Line:===
* A = 900 (1st gen. - '81-'93, '94 convertible)
* C = 9000 ('86-'98)
* D = 900 (2nd gen. - '94-'98 3-d/5-d, '95-'98 convertible)
* D = 9-3 (1st gen. - '99-'02, '03 convertible)
* E = 9-5 (1st gen. - '99-'09)
* F = 9-3 (2nd gen. - '03-'11 4-d, '04-'11 convertible, '06-'11 wagon)
* G = 9-5 (2nd gen. - '10-'11)

===Positions 6, Body Style:===
* 2 = 2-dr. sedan ('85-'86 900)
* 3 = 3-dr. hatchback ('81-'98 900, '99-'02 9-3)
* 4 = 4-dr. sedan ('81-'93 900, '03-'11 9-3, '89-'95 9000, '99-'11 9-5)
* 5 = 5-dr. hatchback ('94-'98 900, '86-'92 9000)
* 5 = 5-dr. wagon ('99-'09 9-5 wagon/SportCombi, '06-'11 9-3 SportCombi)
* 6 = 5-dr. hatchback ('93-'98 9000)
* 7 = 2-dr. convertible ('86-'98 900, '99-'11 9-3)

===Positions 7, Transmission: ('84+)===
* 5 = 5-spd. manual ('84-'93 900, '94 900 convertible, '86-'98 9000)
* 6 = 3-spd. automatic ('84-'93 900, '94 900 convertible)
* 6 = 6-spd. manual ('03-'07 9-3)
* 8 = 4-spd. automatic ('94-'98 900, '99-'02 9-3, '03 9-3 convertible, '86-'98 9000, '99-'01 9-5)
* 9 = 5-spd. automatic ('02-'07 9-5)
* 1 = 6-spd. automatic ('06-'07 9-3 Aero 2.8T)

* 1 = 6-spd. automatic, FWD ('08-'09 9-3 Aero 2.8T)
* 2 = 6-spd. automatic, AWD ('08-'09 9-3 Aero 2.8T, '08 9-3 Turbo X, '09 9-3 2.0T XWD) 
* 5 = 5-spd. manual, FWD ('08-'09 9-5)
* 6 = 6-spd. manual, FWD ('08-'09 9-3)
* 7 = 6-spd. manual, AWD ('08-'09 9-3 Aero 2.8T, '08 9-3 Turbo X, '09 9-3 2.0T XWD)
* 9 = 5-spd. automatic, FWD ('08-'09 9-3 2.0T FWD, '08-'09 9-5)

* A = 6-spd. automatic, FWD ('11 9-5)
* B = 6-spd. automatic, AWD ('10-'11 9-3, '10-'11 9-5)
* C = 5-spd. automatic, FWD ('10-'11 9-3)
* M = 6-spd. manual, FWD ('10-'11 9-3, '11 9-5)
* N = 6-spd. manual, AWD ('10-'11 9-3)

===Position 8, Engine===
*J = 2.8L turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] DOHC 24-valve GM High Feature Saab A28NER V6 (RPO code: LAU) ('10-'11 9-5)
*R = 2.0L turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] Gas/E85 Flex-Fuel (Biopower) DOHC 16-valve Direct injection GM Ecotec Gen II Saab A20NFT I4 (RPO code: LHU) ('11 9-5)
*Y = 2.0L turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] DOHC 16-valve GM Ecotec Gen I Saab B207R I4 ('10-'11 9-3)

===Position 9, Check Digit===
[[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Check digit |Check digit]]

===Position 10, Model Year: ===                      
[[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Model year|Model year]]

===Position 11, Production Plant:===
* 1:    Trollhattan, Sweden (Line 1: '81-'85 900, Line A: '86-'98 9000, '03-'11 9-3)
* 2:    Trollhattan, Sweden (Line 2: '81-'85 900, Line B: '86-'98 900, '88-'91 9000)
* 2:    Trollhattan, Sweden (Line A: '99-'02 9-3)
* 3:    Arlov, Sweden ('85-'90 900)
* 3:    Trollhattan, Sweden (Line B: '99-'09 9-5)
* 4:    Trollhattan, Sweden ('10-'11 9-5)
* 5:    Malmo, Sweden ('90-'91 900)
* 6:    Graz, Austria (Magna Steyr plant: '04-'10 9-3 convertible) 
* 7:    Uusikaupunki, Finland (Valmet plant - '85-'98 900, '99-'03 9-3)
* 9:    Trollhattan, Sweden (Prototype Line)

'''Positions 12–17, Serial Number'''

{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>08vjpbr9vagymuhro23rqcmjh99j5bl</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Taiwan history/Print version</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>484604</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4653452</id>
      <timestamp>2026-07-10T04:35:33Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>一隻北極熊</username>
        <id>3609960</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;{{printable}}&quot;</comment>
      <origin>4653452</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="13" sha1="rfox2umbwbdol14wau7rnobacus9ozy" xml:space="preserve">{{printable}}</text>
      <sha1>rfox2umbwbdol14wau7rnobacus9ozy</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>User:Music Teachet</title>
    <ns>2</ns>
    <id>484605</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4653454</id>
      <timestamp>2026-07-10T04:49:33Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Music Teachet</username>
        <id>3613204</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* */</comment>
      <origin>4653454</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="10317" sha1="7c386fwq6jgns735aujndz4vd8bt6bj" xml:space="preserve">පරිසරයේ ජෛව විවිධත්වයා සමතුලිත කිරීම් සඳහා, විවිධ සතුන්ගේ ජීවන චක්‍රයන් බලපාන්නාසේම, පාසල් පද්ධතියෙහි ඉගෙනුම් ඉගැන්වීම් ක්‍රියාවලිය සමතුලිත කිරීමේ අදහසින්, සහ සිසුන් තුළ මානව හිතවාදී ගුණධර්ම ඇති කිරීමේ අදහසින්, සෞන්දර්ය අධ්‍යාපනය පාසල් විෂය නිර්දේශයට ඇතුළත් කොට ඇත, එමගින් සිසුවෙකුගේ පරිකල්පනය සහ නිර්මාණශීලිය හැකියාවන් වර්ධනය වනඅතර උසස් රස වින්දනයකින් යුතු ශිෂ්‍යයකු පාසල තුළින් බිහිවීම සිදුවේ, සෞන්දර්යය යනු හුදෙක්ම විභාග මූලික වූ න්‍යායාත්මක විෂයකට වඩා ප්‍රායෝගිකත්වය ගුරුකොට ගත් නිර්මාණශීලීත්වය වර්ධනය කිරීමෙහිලා ගැනෙන විෂයයකි. 

සංගීතය, නැටුම්, චිත්‍ර, නාට්‍ය හා රංග කලාව වැනි විෂයන් තුළින් සිසුන් තුළ වූ සෞන්දර්යාත්මක හැකියා වර්ධනය කරයි. පාසලෙහි අනෙකුත් විෂයන් උගන්වන ගුරුවරුන්ගෙන් සෞන්දර්ය විෂය උගන්වන ගුරුවරු වෙනස් මුහුණුවරකින් දරුවන්ගේ ආදරය සහ පැසසුමට ලක්වේ. පාසලේ කීර්ති නාමයේ වර්ධනය කිරීමටත් පාසලෙහි ක්‍රියාකාරකම් වර්ණවත් කිරීමටත් සෞන්දර්ය ගුරුවරයාගෙන් ලැබෙන සේවයක් අතිමහත්ය. සෞන්දර්ය ඉගෙන ගැනීම සහ සෞන්දර්ය ඉගෙනීමට ඉහළ සංජානන හැකියාවක් අවශ්‍ය වේ. 

ලංකාවේ සෞන්දර්ය විශේෂ සඳහාගුරුවරුන් නිර්මාණය කරන ආයතන කිහිපයක් පවතී. ඒ අතරින් සෞන්දර්ය ගුරු විද්‍යාල ප්‍රධාන තැනක් ගන්නා අතර, ගුරු විද්‍යාල තුළින් බිහිවෙන සෞන්දර්ය ගුරුවරුන් සමස්ත අධ්‍යාපන පද්ධතිය සඳහා ප්‍රමාණවත් නොවේ. එමගින් සෞන්දර්ය විශ්ව විද්‍යාල තුළ බිහිවන සෞන්දර්ය උපාධිධාරීන් තුළින් ගුරු සේවයට බඳවා ගැනීම මගින් සෞන්දර්ය විෂයය පෝෂණය කිරීමේ හැකියාවක් සහ ප්‍රායෝගිකත්වයෙන් යුතු සිසු පරපුරක් බිහි කිරීමේ හැකියාව ලැබෙනු ඇත. 

වර්තමානයේ පවතින ගුරු ව්‍යවස්ථාවට අනුව උපාධිධාරීන් කුරු සේවය සඳහා බඳවාගන්නේ තරග විභාගයකින් පසුවයි. මෙම තරග විභාගය පොදුවේ සියලුම උපාධිධාරීන්ට ලබා දෙයි. මෙමඟින් සෞන්දර්ය විෂය සඳහා සිදුවන්නේ අසාධාරණයකි. මෙම විභාගය පවත්වා විභාගයෙන් අසමත් වන පිරිස අතර අදාළ විෂය උදාහරණය නර්තනය පෙරදිග සංගීතය, ආදී විෂයන්හි ප්‍රවීණයින් සිටිය හැකිය. මේ අය සඳහා සෞන්දර්ය විෂය කරුණු සහිත ප්‍රශ්න පත්‍රයක් අවශ්‍ය නම් පැවැත්විය හැකිය. මේ අයට බුද්ධි පරීක්ෂණ සහ සාමාන්‍ය දැනීම පමණක් පරීක්ෂා කොට පත්වීම් ලබාදීම ප්‍රමාණවත් වන්නේ නැත. එමගින් සාර්ථක සෞන්දර්ය ගුරු පරපුරක් බිහිවන්නේද නැත. 

පාසල් පද්ධතියේ අභියෝගතාවය සමත් වී දැනට වැඩ කරන ගුරුවරුන් කීපදෙනෙක් සලකා බැලීමේදී ඔවුන්ගේ න්‍යායාත්මක පිළිබඳ පමණක් සෑහීමකට පත්විය හැකි බව පෙනී යන යන කරුණකි.. මොවුන්ගෙන් වැඩි දෙනෙකුට ක්ෂේත්‍රයේ දරුවන් සමග සෞන්දර්යාත්මක නිර්මාණයන හැකියාවන් නොමැත. කොළඹ හතේ ප්‍රසිද්ධ පාසල් වලද බාහිරින් සම්පත් දායකයින් ගෙන්වා පාසල් තරග වලට දරුවන් පුහුණු කිරීම සිදුකරයි. එයින් පෙනී යන්නේ පාසලේ ගුරුවරයාගේ නොහැකියාව පමණි. අභියෝගතා විභාගය සමත්වීම පමණක් සෞන්දර්ය ඉගැන්වීම සඳහා ප්‍රමාණයක් නොවන බව මෙම පාලකයාට නොතේරෙන්නේ ඇයි දැයි තවමත් සිතාගත නොහැකියි. සෞන්දර්ය ගුරුවරයා තුළ තර්කන හැකියාව සහ චින්තන හැකියාව මනිනවාට වඩා සාර්ථක වන්නේ ඔහුට නිර්මාණාත්මක කුසලතාව  මැන බැලීමයි. 2015දී පමණ මුළු ලංකාවෙන් බටහිර සංගීත උපාධිධාරී පත්වීම් කිහිපයක් ලබාදුනි. එහිදී  පර්යේෂණයට බඳුන් කළේ ඔවුන් තුළ ඇති .  බටහිර සංගීතයේ සිද්ධාන්ත පිළිබඳ සහ බටහිර සංගීත ප්‍රායෝගික භාවිතය පිළිබඳවයි. එම බඳවා ගැනීම්වලින් පසුව බටහිර සංගීතක් ක්ෂේත්‍රයේ යම් වර්ධනයක් දැක ගත හැකි විය. ඒවා අතර පාසලේ බටහිර සංගීතය අධ්‍යයනය කරන සිසුන්ගේ ප්‍රමාණයද වැඩි විය.  මීට සමාන්තරම සිද්ධියක් දකුණු පළාතේ ද සිදු විය. හිටපු පළාත් අධ්‍යාපන ඇමැතිවරයාව කටයුතු කළ චන්දිමා රාසපුත්‍ර විසින් පෙරදිග සංගීතය, නර්තනය නාට්‍ය හා රංග කලාව,  චිත්‍ර, වැනි සෞන්දර්ය විෂයයන් සඳහා මූලික උපාධියේ පංති සාමාර්ථය අනුව ප්‍රායෝගික පරීක්‍ෂණයකට පමණක් මුහුණදී ගුරු පත්වීම් ප්‍රදානය කළහ. එහිදී ක්ෂේත්‍රයට ඇතුළු දක්ෂ ගුරුවරුන් අද ද තම ඉගැන්වූ ම ඉගැන්වීම් ක්‍රියාවලිය ඉතා හොඳින් නඩත්තු කරගෙන යයි. ඒ හරහා දකුණු පළාතේ සෞන්දර්ය විෂයෙහි ලකුණද ඉතා හොඳ මට්ටමක පවතින බව පෙනී යයි.සෑම අවුරුද්දකම පාහේ සාමාන්‍ය පෙළ වැඩිම ලකුණු පළාත් අනුව වර්ග කිරීමේදී දකුණු පළාතට හිමිවීම. මෙහි සාධනීය ලක්ෂණයක් ලෙස සිටිය හැකිය. 

පෞද්ගලික අදහස වන්නේ සෞන්දර්ය විෂයයන් සඳහා ව්‍යවස්ථාවේ අනුමත කරගෙන ඇති ඊනියා විභාග ක්‍රමයට වඩා ප්‍රායෝගිකත්වයෙන් වැඩි ක්‍රමවේදයක් සෞන්දර්ය විෂයන් සඳහා පමණක් අනුගමනය කිරීමෙන් ප්‍රායෝගිකව ඉගැන්වීම ඉගැන්වීම් සිදුකළ හැකි සාර්ථක ගුරුවරයෙකු පාසල් ක්ෂේත්‍රයට  බඳවා ගත හැකියි. කවුරු කෙසේ පැවසුවද මෙම ක්‍රමය අති සාර්ථක ක්‍රමයකි.</text>
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පරිසරයේ ජෛව විවිධත්වයා සමතුලිත කිරීම් සඳහා, විවිධ සතුන්ගේ ජීවන චක්‍රයන් බලපාන්නාසේම, පාසල් පද්ධතියෙහි ඉගෙනුම් ඉගැන්වීම් ක්‍රියාවලිය සමතුලිත කිරීමේ අදහසින්, සහ සිසුන් තුළ මානව හිතවාදී ගුණධර්ම ඇති කිරීමේ අදහසින්, සෞන්දර්ය අධ්‍යාපනය පාසල් විෂය නිර්දේශයට ඇතුළත් කොට ඇත, එමගින් සිසුවෙකුගේ පරිකල්පනය සහ නිර්මාණශීලිය හැකියාවන් වර්ධනය වනඅතර උසස් රස වින්දනයකින් යුතු ශිෂ්‍යයකු පාසල තුළින් බිහිවීම සිදුවේ, සෞන්දර්යය යනු හුදෙක්ම විභාග මූලික වූ න්‍යායාත්මක විෂයකට වඩා ප්‍රායෝගිකත්වය ගුරුකොට ගත් නිර්මාණශීලීත්වය වර්ධනය කිරීමෙහිලා ගැනෙන විෂයයකි. 

සංගීතය, නැටුම්, චිත්‍ර, නාට්‍ය හා රංග කලාව වැනි විෂයන් තුළින් සිසුන් තුළ වූ සෞන්දර්යාත්මක හැකියා වර්ධනය කරයි. පාසලෙහි අනෙකුත් විෂයන් උගන්වන ගුරුවරුන්ගෙන් සෞන්දර්ය විෂය උගන්වන ගුරුවරු වෙනස් මුහුණුවරකින් දරුවන්ගේ ආදරය සහ පැසසුමට ලක්වේ. පාසලේ කීර්ති නාමයේ වර්ධනය කිරීමටත් පාසලෙහි ක්‍රියාකාරකම් වර්ණවත් කිරීමටත් සෞන්දර්ය ගුරුවරයාගෙන් ලැබෙන සේවයක් අතිමහත්ය. සෞන්දර්ය ඉගෙන ගැනීම සහ සෞන්දර්ය ඉගෙනීමට ඉහළ සංජානන හැකියාවක් අවශ්‍ය වේ. 

ලංකාවේ සෞන්දර්ය විශේෂ සඳහාගුරුවරුන් නිර්මාණය කරන ආයතන කිහිපයක් පවතී. ඒ අතරින් සෞන්දර්ය ගුරු විද්‍යාල ප්‍රධාන තැනක් ගන්නා අතර, ගුරු විද්‍යාල තුළින් බිහිවෙන සෞන්දර්ය ගුරුවරුන් සමස්ත අධ්‍යාපන පද්ධතිය සඳහා ප්‍රමාණවත් නොවේ. එමගින් සෞන්දර්ය විශ්ව විද්‍යාල තුළ බිහිවන සෞන්දර්ය උපාධිධාරීන් තුළින් ගුරු සේවයට බඳවා ගැනීම මගින් සෞන්දර්ය විෂයය පෝෂණය කිරීමේ හැකියාවක් සහ ප්‍රායෝගිකත්වයෙන් යුතු සිසු පරපුරක් බිහි කිරීමේ හැකියාව ලැබෙනු ඇත. 

වර්තමානයේ පවතින ගුරු ව්‍යවස්ථාවට අනුව උපාධිධාරීන් කුරු සේවය සඳහා බඳවාගන්නේ තරග විභාගයකින් පසුවයි. මෙම තරග විභාගය පොදුවේ සියලුම උපාධිධාරීන්ට ලබා දෙයි. මෙමඟින් සෞන්දර්ය විෂය සඳහා සිදුවන්නේ අසාධාරණයකි. මෙම විභාගය පවත්වා විභාගයෙන් අසමත් වන පිරිස අතර අදාළ විෂය උදාහරණය නර්තනය පෙරදිග සංගීතය, ආදී විෂයන්හි ප්‍රවීණයින් සිටිය හැකිය. මේ අය සඳහා සෞන්දර්ය විෂය කරුණු සහිත ප්‍රශ්න පත්‍රයක් අවශ්‍ය නම් පැවැත්විය හැකිය. මේ අයට බුද්ධි පරීක්ෂණ සහ සාමාන්‍ය දැනීම පමණක් පරීක්ෂා කොට පත්වීම් ලබාදීම ප්‍රමාණවත් වන්නේ නැත. එමගින් සාර්ථක සෞන්දර්ය ගුරු පරපුරක් බිහිවන්නේද නැත. 

පාසල් පද්ධතියේ අභියෝගතාවය සමත් වී දැනට වැඩ කරන ගුරුවරුන් කීපදෙනෙක් සලකා බැලීමේදී ඔවුන්ගේ න්‍යායාත්මක පිළිබඳ පමණක් සෑහීමකට පත්විය හැකි බව පෙනී යන යන කරුණකි.. මොවුන්ගෙන් වැඩි දෙනෙකුට ක්ෂේත්‍රයේ දරුවන් සමග සෞන්දර්යාත්මක නිර්මාණයන හැකියාවන් නොමැත. කොළඹ හතේ ප්‍රසිද්ධ පාසල් වලද බාහිරින් සම්පත් දායකයින් ගෙන්වා පාසල් තරග වලට දරුවන් පුහුණු කිරීම සිදුකරයි. එයින් පෙනී යන්නේ පාසලේ ගුරුවරයාගේ නොහැකියාව පමණි. අභියෝගතා විභාගය සමත්වීම පමණක් සෞන්දර්ය ඉගැන්වීම සඳහා ප්‍රමාණයක් නොවන බව මෙම පාලකයාට නොතේරෙන්නේ ඇයි දැයි තවමත් සිතාගත නොහැකියි. සෞන්දර්ය ගුරුවරයා තුළ තර්කන හැකියාව සහ චින්තන හැකියාව මනිනවාට වඩා සාර්ථක වන්නේ ඔහුට නිර්මාණාත්මක කුසලතාව  මැන බැලීමයි. 2015දී පමණ මුළු ලංකාවෙන් බටහිර සංගීත උපාධිධාරී පත්වීම් කිහිපයක් ලබාදුනි. එහිදී  පර්යේෂණයට බඳුන් කළේ ඔවුන් තුළ ඇති .  බටහිර සංගීතයේ සිද්ධාන්ත පිළිබඳ සහ බටහිර සංගීත ප්‍රායෝගික භාවිතය පිළිබඳවයි. එම බඳවා ගැනීම්වලින් පසුව බටහිර සංගීතක් ක්ෂේත්‍රයේ යම් වර්ධනයක් දැක ගත හැකි විය. ඒවා අතර පාසලේ බටහිර සංගීතය අධ්‍යයනය කරන සිසුන්ගේ ප්‍රමාණයද වැඩි විය.  මීට සමාන්තරම සිද්ධියක් දකුණු පළාතේ ද සිදු විය. හිටපු පළාත් අධ්‍යාපන ඇමැතිවරයාව කටයුතු කළ චන්දිමා රාසපුත්‍ර විසින් පෙරදිග සංගීතය, නර්තනය නාට්‍ය හා රංග කලාව,  චිත්‍ර, වැනි සෞන්දර්ය විෂයයන් සඳහා මූලික උපාධියේ පංති සාමාර්ථය අනුව ප්‍රායෝගික පරීක්‍ෂණයකට පමණක් මුහුණදී ගුරු පත්වීම් ප්‍රදානය කළහ. එහිදී ක්ෂේත්‍රයට ඇතුළු දක්ෂ ගුරුවරුන් අද ද තම ඉගැන්වූ ම ඉගැන්වීම් ක්‍රියාවලිය ඉතා හොඳින් නඩත්තු කරගෙන යයි. ඒ හරහා දකුණු පළාතේ සෞන්දර්ය විෂයෙහි ලකුණද ඉතා හොඳ මට්ටමක පවතින බව පෙනී යයි.සෑම අවුරුද්දකම පාහේ සාමාන්‍ය පෙළ වැඩිම ලකුණු පළාත් අනුව වර්ග කිරීමේදී දකුණු පළාතට හිමිවීම. මෙහි සාධනීය ලක්ෂණයක් ලෙස සිටිය හැකිය. 

පෞද්ගලික අදහස වන්නේ සෞන්දර්ය විෂයයන් සඳහා ව්‍යවස්ථාවේ අනුමත කරගෙන ඇති ඊනියා විභාග ක්‍රමයට වඩා ප්‍රායෝගිකත්වයෙන් වැඩි ක්‍රමවේදයක් සෞන්දර්ය විෂයන් සඳහා පමණක් අනුගමනය කිරීමෙන් ප්‍රායෝගිකව ඉගැන්වීම ඉගැන්වීම් සිදුකළ හැකි සාර්ථක ගුරුවරයෙකු පාසල් ක්ෂේත්‍රයට  බඳවා ගත හැකියි. කවුරු කෙසේ පැවසුවද මෙම ක්‍රමය අති සාර්ථක ක්‍රමයකි.</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Cookbook:Carrot Cookies</title>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;__notoc__ {{recipe summary | category = Cookie recipes | Yield = 48 cookies | servings =  | time = 45 minutes | difficulty = 2 | image =  | energy =  | note =  }}  {{recipe}}  '''Carrot cookies''' are soft cookies with an orange-flavored icing.  They get their golden color from pureed carrots, but they taste like oranges instead of carrots.    This recipe is adapted from the &quot;Golden Carrot Cookies&quot; recipe in Betty Crocker's ''Cooky Book''.  == Ingredients ==  {| class=&quot;w...&quot;</comment>
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{{recipe summary
| category = Cookie recipes
| Yield = 48 cookies
| servings = 
| time = 45 minutes
| difficulty = 2
| image = 
| energy = 
| note = 
}}

{{recipe}}

'''Carrot cookies''' are soft cookies with an orange-flavored icing.  They get their golden color from pureed carrots, but they taste like oranges instead of carrots.  

This recipe is adapted from the &quot;Golden Carrot Cookies&quot; recipe in Betty Crocker's ''Cooky Book''.

== Ingredients ==

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; | style=&quot;background: none&quot;
|+Cookie dough
|-
! Ingredient !! Volume !! Weight 
|-
|[[Cookbook:Butter|Butter]], slightly softened (can substitute vegetable shortening for half the butter)
|1 [[Cookbook:Cup|cup]] (2 sticks)
|[[Cookbook:Gram|g]]
|-
|White granulated [[Cookbook:Sugar|sugar]]|| 3/4 cup||150 g
|-
|Whole [[Cookbook:Egg|eggs]]
|2 large
|100 g
|-
| Vanilla extract|| ½ [[Cookbook:Teaspoon|teaspoon]] (3 [[Cookbook:Milliliter|ml]])||3 g
|-
|Orange extract (optional)
|½ teaspoon
|3 g
|-
|Carrots, cooked until very soft and then mashed or pureed
|1 cup
|250 g
|-
| [[Cookbook:All-purpose flour|All-purpose flour]]|| 2½ cups|| 300 g
|-
|[[Cookbook:Salt|Salt]]
|½ tsp
|3 g
|-
|Baking powder
|2 teaspoons
|8 g
|-
|Coconut, sweetened and shredded (optional)
|3/4 cup
|65 g
|}
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+Orange buttercream icing
!Ingredient
!Volume
!Weight
|-
|Butter, softened
|4 Tablespoons 
|55 g
|-
|Powdered sugar, sifted
|2.25 cups
|250 g
|-
|Orange juice (or frozen orange juice concentrate)
|3 Tablespoons 
|45 g
|-
|Orange zest (optional; fresh is best)
|2 teaspoons
|5 g
|-
|Orange extract (optional)
|1/2 teaspoon
|3 g
|}

== Equipment ==

* [[Cookbook:Mixing Bowl|Mixing bowl]]
* [[Cookbook:Mixer#Stand mixer|Stand mixer]] (optional)
* [[Cookbook:Baking Sheet|Baking sheet]]

== Procedure ==

=== Make the cookies ===
# Preheat [[Cookbook:Oven|oven]] to [[Cookbook:Oven Temperatures|400 °F (205°C, gas mark 6—moderately hot)]].  Line baking pans with parchment baking paper, or lightly grease the pan with shortening.
# Put the butter in a large mixing bowl, and [[Cookbook:Beat|beat]] it with an electric mixer for about 30 seconds. Alternatively, beat it with a wooden spoon until soft.
# Beat in the sugar, scraping the bowl as needed.
# Beat in the eggs, vanilla extract, and optional orange extract, if using it.
# Stir in the carrots.  If you want a solid, uniform color for the cookies, then the carrots should be pureed (smooth like baby food).  If you want visible streaks of orange, then shred the carrots on a grater.
# Stir in the flour, salt, and baking powder. 
# Stir in the coconut, if using it.
# Drop the cookie dough by spoonfuls on a baking sheet.  They will spread somewhat while baking.
# [[Cookbook:Baking|Bake]] in the preheated oven for 8 to 10 minutes, until they are golden in color and if you gently touch them, no imprint remains.
# Remove from the cookie sheet.  (They're very soft, so you may need to let them cool on the pan for a moment before moving them.)  Cool completely before trying to frost them.

=== Make the icing ===

# Using an electric mixer or a wooden spoon, beat together the butter and powdered sugar.
# Stir in the orange juice to make a smooth, soft buttercream icing.  To increase the orange flavor, optionally add orange zest and/or orange extract.
# Spread gently on the tops of cooled cookies.  If the icing is too stiff, the cookies will break when you try to frost them.  Thin it by adding a small spoonful of water, or warm it slightly to make it softer.

== Notes, tips, and variations ==

* You can use gluten-free flour substitutes. Avoid high-gluten bread flours.
* You can replace up to half the sugar with a sugar substitute.
* This recipe can be halved or doubled easily.
* If you are making large volumes, then the dough is soft enough to pipe through a large pastry bag, which may be faster than scooping each.
* Store at room temperature or in the refrigerator for a few days. 

[[Category:Baking recipes]]
[[Category:Recipes with metric units]]
[[Category:Recipes using butter]]
[[Category:Recipes using granulated sugar]]
[[Category:Recipes using all-purpose flour]]
[[Category:Recipes using salt]]
[[Category:Recipes using egg]]
[[Category:Recipes for cookies]]</text>
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{{recipe summary
| category = Cookie recipes
| Yield = 48 cookies
| servings = 
| time = 45 minutes
| difficulty = 2
| image = 
| energy = 
| note = 
}}

{{recipe}}

'''Carrot cookies''' are soft cookies with an orange-flavored icing.  They get their golden color from pureed carrots, but they taste like oranges instead of carrots.  

This recipe is adapted from the &quot;Golden Carrot Cookies&quot; recipe in Betty Crocker's ''Cooky Book''.

== Ingredients ==

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; | style=&quot;background: none&quot;
|+Cookie dough
|-
! Ingredient !! Volume !! Weight 
|-
|[[Cookbook:Butter|Butter]], slightly softened (can substitute vegetable shortening for half the butter)
|1 [[Cookbook:Cup|cup]] (2 sticks)
|[[Cookbook:Gram|g]]
|-
|White granulated [[Cookbook:Sugar|sugar]]|| 3/4 cup||150 g
|-
|Whole [[Cookbook:Egg|eggs]]
|2 large
|100 g
|-
| Vanilla extract|| ½ [[Cookbook:Teaspoon|teaspoon]] (3 [[Cookbook:Milliliter|ml]])||3 g
|-
|Orange extract (optional)
|½ teaspoon
|3 g
|-
|Carrots, cooked until very soft and then mashed or pureed
|1 cup
|250 g
|-
| [[Cookbook:All-purpose flour|All-purpose flour]]|| 2½ cups|| 300 g
|-
|[[Cookbook:Salt|Salt]]
|½ tsp
|3 g
|-
|Baking powder
|2 teaspoons
|8 g
|-
|Coconut, sweetened and shredded (optional)
|3/4 cup
|65 g
|}
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+Orange buttercream icing
!Ingredient
!Volume
!Weight
|-
|Butter, softened
|4 Tablespoons 
|55 g
|-
|Powdered sugar, sifted
|2.25 cups
|250 g
|-
|Orange juice (or frozen orange juice concentrate)
|3 Tablespoons 
|45 g
|-
|Orange zest (optional; fresh is best)
|2 teaspoons
|5 g
|-
|Orange extract (optional)
|1/2 teaspoon
|3 g
|}

== Equipment ==

* [[Cookbook:Mixing Bowl|Mixing bowl]]
* [[Cookbook:Mixer#Stand mixer|Stand mixer]] (optional)
* [[Cookbook:Baking Sheet|Baking sheet]]

== Procedure ==

=== Make the cookies ===
# Preheat [[Cookbook:Oven|oven]] to [[Cookbook:Oven Temperatures|400 °F (205°C, gas mark 6—moderately hot)]].  Line baking pans with parchment baking paper, or lightly grease the pan with shortening.
# Put the butter in a large mixing bowl, and [[Cookbook:Beat|beat]] it with an electric mixer for about 30 seconds. Alternatively, beat it with a wooden spoon until soft.
# Beat in the sugar, scraping the bowl as needed.
# Beat in the eggs, vanilla extract, and optional orange extract, if using it.
# Stir in the carrots.  If you want a solid, uniform color for the cookies, then the carrots should be pureed (smooth like baby food).  If you want visible streaks of orange, then shred the carrots on a grater.
# Stir in the flour, salt, and baking powder. 
# Stir in the coconut, if using it.
# Drop the cookie dough by rounded teaspoonfuls on a baking sheet.  They will spread somewhat while baking.
# [[Cookbook:Baking|Bake]] in the preheated oven for 8 to 10 minutes, until they are golden in color and if you gently touch them, no imprint remains.
# Remove from the cookie sheet.  (They're very soft, so you may need to let them cool on the pan for a moment before moving them.)  Cool completely before trying to frost them.

=== Make the icing ===

# Using an electric mixer or a wooden spoon, beat together the butter and powdered sugar.
# Stir in the orange juice to make a smooth, soft buttercream icing.  To increase the orange flavor, optionally add orange zest and/or orange extract.
# Spread gently on the tops of cooled cookies.  If the icing is too stiff, the cookies will break when you try to frost them.  Thin it by adding a small spoonful of water, or warm it slightly to make it softer.

== Notes, tips, and variations ==

* You can use gluten-free flour substitutes. Avoid high-gluten bread flours.
* You can replace up to half the sugar with a sugar substitute.
* This recipe can be halved or doubled easily.
* If you are making large volumes, then the dough is soft enough to pipe through a large pastry bag, which may be faster than scooping each.
* Store at room temperature or in the refrigerator for a few days. 

[[Category:Baking recipes]]
[[Category:Recipes with metric units]]
[[Category:Recipes using butter]]
[[Category:Recipes using granulated sugar]]
[[Category:Recipes using all-purpose flour]]
[[Category:Recipes using salt]]
[[Category:Recipes using egg]]
[[Category:Recipes for cookies]]</text>
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      <comment>Notifying author of speedy deletion nomination</comment>
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== I have added a tag to a page you created ==
Hi! I'm MathXplore, and I recently reviewed your page, [[:User:Music Teachet]]. I have added a tag to the page, because it &lt;strong&gt;may meet the [[Wikibooks:Deletion policy#Speedy deletions|criteria for speedy deletion]].&lt;/strong&gt; This means that it can be deleted at any time. The reason I provided was: &lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Out of scope&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt; If you believe that your page should not be deleted, please post a message on [[User talk:Music Teachet|the page's talk page]] explaining why. &lt;strong&gt;If your reasoning is convincing, your page may be saved.&lt;/strong&gt; If you have any questions or concerns, please [[User talk:MathXplore|let me know]]. Thank you! &lt;!-- Substituted from User:JJPMaster/CurateThisPage/authorMsg --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 06:07, 10 July 2026 (UTC)</text>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;After the Axis power, including Japan, lost the second world war, Japan returned the Taiwan colony back to China (Republic of China), officially ending the Japanese rule in Taiwan. [[File:19451025 中國戰區臺灣省受降典禮後 臺灣省警備總司令部全體官兵合影.jpg|thumb|Surrender ceremony in Taipei]] ==Conflicts== Due to heavy corruption, inflation and the language/culture barrier between the Chinese mainland's army and Taiwanese citizens, these result...&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="530" sha1="30mjk5xl9h4ea9hv91ptjt32l2igsl6" xml:space="preserve">After the Axis power, including Japan, lost the second world war, Japan returned the Taiwan colony back to China (Republic of China), officially ending the Japanese rule in Taiwan.
[[File:19451025 中國戰區臺灣省受降典禮後 臺灣省警備總司令部全體官兵合影.jpg|thumb|Surrender ceremony in Taipei]]
==Conflicts==
Due to heavy corruption, inflation and the language/culture barrier between the Chinese mainland's army and Taiwanese citizens, these resulted the 228 Incident happened in the year 1947.
{{stub}}</text>
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      <comment>Added {{[[Template:BookCat|BookCat]]}} using [[User:1234qwer1234qwer4/BookCat.js|BookCat.js]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="543" sha1="s3xgpumegxkineh9pxuwiuqkjwfeqak" xml:space="preserve">After the Axis power, including Japan, lost the second world war, Japan returned the Taiwan colony back to China (Republic of China), officially ending the Japanese rule in Taiwan.
[[File:19451025 中國戰區臺灣省受降典禮後 臺灣省警備總司令部全體官兵合影.jpg|thumb|Surrender ceremony in Taipei]]
==Conflicts==
Due to heavy corruption, inflation and the language/culture barrier between the Chinese mainland's army and Taiwanese citizens, these resulted the 228 Incident happened in the year 1947.
{{stub}}

{{BookCat}}</text>
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      <text bytes="220" sha1="kmaf6ucfwfa9471rjftsqkphbwztly0" xml:space="preserve">== Hey there!  ==

Congratulations! If you found this page, you also found a Wikimedia editor. Wanna talk to me about something? Feel free! [[User:Dmdjdu|Dmdjdu]] ([[User talk:Dmdjdu#top|talk]]) 06:36, 10 July 2026 (UTC)</text>
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      <text bytes="220" sha1="q92oj2tsy406kyu70z690ysmm98prza" xml:space="preserve">== Hey there!  ==

Congratulations! If you found this page, you also found a Wikimedia editor. Wanna talk to me about something? Feel free! [[User:Dmdjdu|Dmdjdu]] ([[User talk:Dmdjdu#top|talk]]) 10:36, 10 July 2026 (UTC)</text>
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