Wikibooks enwikibooks https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Main_Page MediaWiki 1.48.0-wmf.1 first-letter Media Special Talk User User talk Wikibooks Wikibooks talk File File talk MediaWiki MediaWiki talk Template Template talk Help Help talk Category Category talk Cookbook Cookbook talk Transwiki Transwiki talk Wikijunior Wikijunior talk Subject Subject talk TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk Wikibooks:Requests for deletion 4 385 4679376 4679204 2026-11-01T00:18:26Z DVD206 724793 to keep the book 4679376 wikitext text/x-wiki __NEWSECTIONLINK__ [[Category:Wikibooks deletion|{{PAGENAME}}]] {{Discussion Rooms}} {{TOCleft}} {{shortcut|WB:RFD}} {{Requests for deletion/New deletion}} {{Requests for deletion/Deletion intro}} <!-- New deletion nominations go at the bottom of page. --> == [[Salute, Jonathan!]] and its translations == <div style="column-count: 7;"> * [[Salute, Jonathan!|Interlingue/Occidental]] ([[w:en:Occidental|w]], original) * [[Òla, Ionatà!|Audià]] * [[Holo, Jonathan!|Cristianés]] * [[Terve, Jonathan!|Ekumenski]] * [[Hej, Jonathan! (Germanisch)|Germanisch]] * [[Salom, Jonatan!|Globasa]] * [[Àlŏ, Jonathan!|Guosa]] ([[w:en:Guosa|w]]) * [[Salut, Jonathan!|Idiom Neutral]] ([[w:en:Idiom Neutral|w]]) * [[Saluto, Jonathan! (Ido)|Ido]] ([[w:en:Ido|w]]) * [[Hallo, Jonathan!|Interlingua]] ([[w:en:Interlingua|w]]) * [[Salut, Jonathan! (Interocidental)|Interocidental]] * [[Bune Ğonatan!|Lingaust]] * [[Oila, Jonatan!|Lingue Simple]] * [[Haloo, Jonatan!|Lingwa de Planeta]] ([[w:en:Lingwa de Planeta|w]]) * [[Sin Chao, Jonathan!|Masa Tang]] * [[Salut, ionatano!|Meteza]] * [[Salu, Jon!|Mini]] * [[Hay, Jonathan!|Mirad]] * [[Hai, Jon!|Monav]] * [[Sesan Jon!|Monkel]] * [[Salam, Jonathan!|Mundeze]] * [[Dag, Jonathan!|Negerhollands]] ([[w:en:Negerhollands|w]]) * [[Salut Jonathan!|Neo]] ([[w:en:Neo|w]]) * [[Hej, Jonathan!|Nordien]] * [[Saluto, Jonathan!|Novial]] ([[w:en:Novial|w]]) * [[Salute, Jonathan! (Novlingue)|Novlingue]] * [[Alo, Jonathan!|Numo]] * [[Hela, Jonathan!|Proyo]] * [[Salute, Jonathan! (Romanica)|Romanica]] ([[w:en:Romanica|w]]) * [[Simi, Jonathan!|Solresol]] ([[w:en:Solresol|w]]) * [[Toki a, jan Jonatan!|Toki Pona]] ([[w:en:Toki Pona|w]]) * [[Glidis, o Jonathan!|Volapük]] ([[w:en:Volapük|w]]) </div> There are a couple of issues here: # Beyond their introductions, all of these books are written in languages which are not English, making them out of scope for the English Wikibooks. # All but one of these books are in fact written in constructed languages, most of them in recently created conlangs. In some cases (e.g. [[Sin Chao, Jonathan!]]), I can't find any reliable sources describing the target language outside of the translation itself. # Most of the translations (i.e. other than [[Salute, Jonathan!]] itself) were abandoned within the first five or so chapters (out of 100); none of them are complete, and there seems to be little effort to complete any of them. While I recognize that this is an unusual project, and potentially one which could have some value, it's not at all clear to me that the English Wikibooks is the right place for it. — [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 00:24, 29 September 2024 (UTC) : I'm really not sure what to do about these ones. While I recognize that this approach is certainly one method of teaching a language, I'm not sure that it constitutes an educational textbook. We do require that the English Wikibooks be written in English—for language-learning books, this typically means that the instructional parts are in English while the exercises are in the language being taught. I do think that if the language doesn't have much supporting evidence outside the book itself, it can safely be deleted. — [[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:01, 29 September 2024 (UTC) : Author of the book here. I originally wanted to put it in the Interlingue Wikibooks https://ie.wikibooks.org/wiki/Principal_p%C3%A1gine but it somehow got locked when I wasn't paying attention and so I ended up putting it here. Getting it unlocked requires going through the process of starting an Incubator and all the rest so I opted for here and then started putting some English-only content once it was done. It's sort of in the same vein as books like Lingua Latina per se Illustrata that have separate versions with teacher notes and whatnot. [[Salute, Jonathan!/Capitul 1 - with notes]] After it was done the auxlang community really took to it which was a nice surprise. I think Ido has the largest number of chapters at the moment at 15. :If the vast content of this book could be used to justify a quick reopening of the Interlingue Wikibooks to move it there, I'd love to do that. I imagine that an incubator with 100+ book chapters would be enough to open a Wikibooks and that's what this is. — [[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]] ([[User talk:Mithridates|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mithridates|contribs]]) 06:02, 29 September 2024 (UTC) : Ah, I just realized that we do have a proposal to reopen the Interlingue Wikibooks: https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Requests_for_new_languages/Wikibooks_Interlingue along with an Incubator page here. https://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wb/ie/Principal_p%C3%A1gine : How easy would it be to migrate the entirety of Salute Jonathan to there? — [[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]] ([[User talk:Mithridates|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mithridates|contribs]]) 06:30, 29 September 2024 (UTC) :: Hi @[[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]]! I'm not sure how incubator projects work, but I fully support migrating these books there. You may want to inquire over there and link to this discussion to support your request to move the content over there. Cheers! — [[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 13:16, 29 September 2024 (UTC) ::: Hi! Actually I have a third idea to propose after thinking about this again today (haven't been here much since I finished the book): I noticed that there is more English content than I remember and that might make it an awkward fit for the Interlingue Wikibooks. I definitely agree that having all the auxlang translations for new auxlang projects goes well beyond the scope of this Wikibooks. Finally, there are some auxlangs that are notable with their own Wikipedias. ::: So the idea is the following: :::# Leave the original here and I can continue the work on the version with English notes and grammar. That will make it the same as Lingua Latina per se Illustrata, English by the Nature Method, Athenaze and all the rest. :::# The Interlingua one can move to the Interlingua Wikibooks (maybe Romanica too if they want as it is sort of a dialect of Interlingua). :::# For Ido and Lingua Franca Nova which have a Wikipedia but not a Wikibooks, I'm a little bit unsure...technically they could have their own version like the original one but would require English explanations. I could let them know and see if they are willing to do so and see what they think (work on adding English to the books vs. move the content elsewhere). :::# The rest can move to a Github repo, then be deleted, and the front page of this book can have a single link to the repo. ::: Any thoughts on that? Adding the extra English content will be easy as it is my book and I know it inside and out. ::: Edit: [https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Salute,_Jonathan!/Grammar_(pronouns) this page] I just added. — [[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]] ([[User talk:Mithridates|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mithridates|contribs]]) 13:50, 29 September 2024 (UTC) :::: Thanks for taking the time to consider this! Here are my responses/questions: ::::* Is the original [[Salute, Jonathan!]] (Occidental)? Since that one is quite fleshed out, I agree that if you edit it so the primary language of the book (e.g. headers, instructions, etc) are written in English while leaving the actual story in Occidental, it would be okay and fit in more with instructional language textbooks. ::::* For your points 2 and 3, I'm not sure how those other projects work, so I'll leave it up to them. I'm not quite sure why they would need to move, since in theory they could be revised with English as the language of instruction? Although, they have been left incomplete for a long time. ::::* For your point 4, I have no problem with that. Cheers! — [[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 16:51, 29 September 2024 (UTC) ::::: Hello again, it's the weekend so I have a bit more time to work on this. I've decided to merge the extra content from the following five chapters since the difference is fairly small and the original chapters should now have this English content. Could you delete these five pages now that they are no longer needed? [[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]] ([[User talk:Mithridates|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mithridates|contribs]]) 14:02, 5 October 2024 (UTC) ::::: [[Salute, Jonathan!/Capitul 1 - with notes]] ::::: [[Salute, Jonathan!/Capitul 2 - with notes]] ::::: [[Salute, Jonathan!/Capitul 3 - with notes]] ::::: [[Salute, Jonathan!/Capitul 4 - with notes]] ::::: [[Salute, Jonathan!/Capitul 5 - with notes]] [[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]] ([[User talk:Mithridates|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mithridates|contribs]]) 14:02, 5 October 2024 (UTC) :::::: [[File:Yes_check.svg|{{#ifeq:|small|8|15}}px|link=|alt=]] {{#ifeq:|small|<small>|}}'''Done'''{{#ifeq:|small|</small>|}} — [[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:34, 5 October 2024 (UTC) ::::::: Hi again! No luck trying to find a home for the random language translations on other auxlang wikis, can't find one that is actively maintained. ::::::: The thought struck me that maybe I could just put those ones on a sub page of my user page, would that be permitted? If not, I think I'll just stick them somewhere in GitHub and call it a day since none of the people who started the translations seem to care enough to do anything about them. I'd rather not see them outright disappear but since they aren't mine I don't care enough about them to do much more work than copy and paste them somewhere. ::::::: (I would leave the ones in languages with an ISO-639 code and Wikipedia here, of course) — [[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]] ([[User talk:Mithridates|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mithridates|contribs]]) 14:13, 9 November 2024 (UTC) :::::::: Thank you for checking! I don't personally see an issue with moving them to your user space right now. Cheers — [[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 17:21, 9 November 2024 (UTC) ::::::::: Thanks a lot! I've started a single page where I will put them all here [[User:Mithridates/SJ]] and will proceed slowly due to lack of time and also to avoid stepping on any toes / asking you to delete too much at a time and possibly deleting the wrong content. ::::::::: For this week I have put the content for the languages Audia, Cristianès, Guosa, Lingaust, Mini, Mirad, and Monav on that page as they all have a single page of content and didn't take much time to move. Please delete those. Once they are gone I will add a note on the main page letting people know where they have gone (in addition to a thank you for their interest in the book! I do love how many people have recognized it as a good source material for teaching a language). — [[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]] ([[User talk:Mithridates|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mithridates|contribs]]) 04:09, 10 November 2024 (UTC) : {{keep}} the translations for languages that have an article on the English Wikipedia, i.e. Guosa, Idiom Neutral, Ido, Interlingua, Lingwa de Planeta, Negerhollands, Neo, Novial, Occidental, Romanica, Solresol, Toki Pona, and Volapük. : Translations for languages that don't have an article can be kept if they have reliable sources, which I was able to find for the following languages (if you think they are not reliable, please let me know): :* Globasa: [https://www.languagesandnumbers.com/how-to-count-in-globasa/en/globasa/] [https://greyson.conlang.org/2020/01/29/shouting-out-globasa-and-pandunia/] :* Mini: [https://jprogr.github.io/mini] [https://www.omniglot.com/language/phrases/mini.htm] [https://www.languagesandnumbers.com/how-to-count-in-mini/en/mini/] : {{del}} and move to [[User:Mithridates/SJ]] the rest of the translations, i.e. Audià/Audian, Cristianés, Ekumenski, Germanisch, Interocidental, Lingaust, Lingue Simple, Masa Tang, Mirad, Monav, Monkel, Mundeze, Nordien, Novlingue, Numo, Proyo, and Scuian/Meteza. If you can find reliable sources for those languages, please let me know. : In particular, I could not find resources for Audià/Audian and Monav after searching through 15 and 17 pages on Google, respectively. It doesn't help that [[Òla, Ionatà!|their]] [[Hai, Jon!|translations]] don't explain what those languages are and where to find resources for them. This makes contributing to those translations almost impossible until @[[User:Caro de Segeda|Caro de Segeda]] can provide resources to us. It's possible that the resources may have disappared from the Internet, or that those languages were created by Caro de Segeda him/herself. If you can find resources for Audià/Audian and Monav, please let me know. : I'm notifying the primary contributors of the translations: @[[User:Caro de Segeda|Caro de Segeda]], @[[User:Frzzl|Frzzl]], @[[User:Greatscotteh|Greatscotteh]], @[[User:IHateNumbers234|IHateNumbers234]], @[[User:Jayeless2|Jayeless2]], @[[User:Morozof|Morozof]], @[[User:Omnihom|Omnihom]], @[[User:Omoutuazn|Omoutuazn]], @[[User:PovriNaivon|PovriNaivon]], @[[User:Sir Beluga|Sir Beluga]] and @[[User:Tyoyafud|Tyoyafud]]. — [[User:EJPPhilippines|EJPPhilippines]] ([[User talk:EJPPhilippines|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/EJPPhilippines|contribs]]) 09:52, 30 June 2025 (UTC) :: Caro de Segeda said on [https://www.reddit.com/r/conlangs/comments/1lcnz9g/comment/n0sc3wx/ Reddit] that Monav was created by him/her and that he/she didn't publish any resources about it other than [[Hai, Jon!]]. With '''zero''' other resources to rely on for contributing to the translation, and the fact that Monav is in [[User:Mithridates/SJ]], [[Hai, Jon!]] should be speedy deleted. — [[User:EJPPhilippines|EJPPhilippines]] ([[User talk:EJPPhilippines|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/EJPPhilippines|contribs]]) 01:38, 3 July 2025 (UTC) ::: I've undone the speedy deletion as Caro de Segeda posted a [https://prexins.wordpress.com/2025/07/04/monav/ resource] for Monav. — [[User:EJPPhilippines|EJPPhilippines]] ([[User talk:EJPPhilippines|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/EJPPhilippines|contribs]]) 07:18, 4 July 2025 (UTC) :::: You can delete all the ones that I have created myself, I have already moved them to other places. — [[User:Caro de Segeda|Caro de Segeda]] ([[User talk:Caro de Segeda|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Caro de Segeda|contribs]]) 12:39, 5 July 2025 (UTC) {{outdent|::::}}I don't know if this is helpful since it wouldn't apply to most of these, but [[s:mul:]] could hold some of these. — [[User:Arlo Barnes|Arlo Barnes]] ([[User talk:Arlo Barnes|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Arlo Barnes|contribs]]) 09:18, 30 November 2025 (UTC) : I don't think that would be within the scope of that project. I'm not aware of any other situation where Wikisource publishes translations of texts created on Wikimedia projects - that's usually left up to other language editions of the same project. — [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 05:34, 1 December 2025 (UTC) :: In this situation there isn't a separate [[s:ie:]] distinct from Multilingual Wikisource (see [[meta:Wikisource#List of Wikisources]]). In fact, there are very few multilingual wikis in the Wikimedia sphere; while this project ''could'' move to a Miraheze-hosted or similar wiki farm location, I think it would be a missed opportunity. I suppose an [[Interlingue]] book could be started in [[shelf:Constructed languages]] which would have all 100 chapters as an appendix (and likewise for the other languages), but that also seems non-ideal since it requires an English-language text that doesn't currently exist to be created. [[WB:AT]] seems to describe a similar situation to this one and prescribe Wikisource as the solution, and [[WB:SOURCE]] mentions fiction as out-of-scope for Wikibooks (even as in this case, language-educational fiction). [[s:mul:Wikisource:about Wikisource]] simply speaks of source texts and doesn't mention publication requirements, so maybe that is specific to some of the monolingual editions? — [[User:Arlo Barnes|Arlo Barnes]] ([[User talk:Arlo Barnes|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Arlo Barnes|contribs]]) 22:28, 5 December 2025 (UTC) :{{keep}} 100% keep. These books are a core part of language textbooks on Wikibooks and have been for years. Not sure why this is even being debated.--[[User:Xania|Xania]] [[Image:Flag_of_Estonia.svg|15px]] [[Image:Flag_of_Ukraine.svg|15px]] [[User talk:Xania|<sup>talk</sup>]] 17:55, 16 May 2026 (UTC) ::With all due respect, some of the books included in this nomination (like [[Sin Chao, Jonathan!]]) are written in constructed languages which are not substantially attested anywhere else. I struggle to imagine any educational purpose for such a book. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 00:12, 17 May 2026 (UTC) == [[International Baccalaureate]] == Not actually a book in and of itself; rather, it is just a compilation of links to other books —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:24, 18 October 2024 (UTC) : Could this be salvaged as a shelf? [[User:Pppery|Pppery]] ([[User talk:Pppery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Pppery|contribs]]) 05:23, 27 January 2025 (UTC) ::Probably, but are the linked books even useful? IB exams change from year to year - sometimes quite dramatically - so an old exam guide is of very limited value. Many of these books were written 10-15 years ago, and some of them (like [[IB French]]) even have comments indicating that they're no longer applicable. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 02:18, 8 December 2025 (UTC) :I would be interested in a book that explains what an [[International Baccalaureate]] is. They may be books about it in the real world, but they are not free and with the online world becoming a fortress of paywalls I wonder how much longer one would be able to find such information on the web. This is what the wikipedia article says: :* This article '''is missing information''' about the educational programs and curricula. Please expand the article to include this information. Further details may exist on the [[wikipedia:Talk:International_Baccalaureate#|talk page]].  ''(March 2025)'' :[[Special:Contributions/~2026-40500-29|~2026-40500-29]] ([[User talk:~2026-40500-29|talk]]) 02:05, 13 October 2026 (UTC) == [[Character List for Baxter&Sagart]] == Seems completely out of scope as an educational book; it's just a list of characters and outlinks —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:53, 18 October 2024 (UTC) :Adding [[Character List for Karlgren's GSR]] and [[Character List for Schuessler's CGSR]] for the same reason —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:55, 18 October 2024 (UTC) :These three books do make a package and I agree they should be considered together. However, I strongly object to deleting them. They are really extremely useful resources. I use them every week and I know that many people who do work on Old Chinese phonology do so. There are lots of books out there that are lists of characters, these are called dictionaries. For example Axel Schuessler's ABC Etymological Dictionary of Old Chinese, or Pulleyblank's Lexicon of Reconstructed Pronunciation in Early Middle Chinese, Late Middle Chinese, and Early Mandarin. I see it as entirely a good thing for reference works of this kind to be available free online rather than only in expensive books in university research libraries. If this is in violation of a Wikibooks policy, I would at least like that policy to be drawn to my attention and to have some constructive comment offered about which Wikiproject such a resource should fall under. I will also say on a personal note that I have put literally hundreds of hours of work into these projects and it would grieve me a lot to see this work simply vanish, in particular when I know that colleagues around the world use these books. --[[User:Tibetologist|Tibetologist]] ([[User talk:Tibetologist|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Tibetologist|contribs]]) 07:27, 1 November 2024 (UTC) ::Hi @[[User:Tibetologist|Tibetologist]], and thank you for the feedback! Official Wikibooks policy does not permit standalone dictionaries (see [[WB:DICT]]), though I understand the argument that it is a useful resource. I am wondering if there might be a home for it at [[Wiktionary:Wiktionary:Welcome, newcomers|Wiktionary]] or [[Wikiversity:Wikiversity:SHARE|Wikiversity]]? Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 12:14, 1 November 2024 (UTC) :::The policy says to use Wiktionary, but these books cannot be moved there. In fact they link there, you can understand me as having made an index to wiktionary, if you like, where the ORDER of the characters is extremely important, information that would be lost in Wiktionary. :::Wikiversity is not a project I participate in, and in any event my books here are older than it, so this option was not available for me at the relevant moment. If you are offering to move my books to Wikiversity, that is very kind of you and I will very graciously accept. [[User:Tibetologist|Tibetologist]] ([[User talk:Tibetologist|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Tibetologist|contribs]]) 14:10, 1 November 2024 (UTC) ::::I have pinged over at Wikiversity Colloquium to ask about suitability and have looped you into the conversation over there. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:20, 1 November 2024 (UTC) ::I concur. I'm just an undergrad who tries to learn about Sino-Tibetan historical linguistics in his free time but I've found this wikibook to be incredibly useful, and I keep it open in one tab while I watch Professor Nathan Hill's lectures that he uploads to youtube in another tab, and another tab for taking notes. In fact if I remember correctly Professor Hill actually pointed his students to this wikibook. ::I'm not familiar with [[wikiversity:Wikiversity:SHARE|Wikiversity]] but if all the content were as accessible there as it is here then I think that could work. [[User:ChromeBones|ChromeBones]] ([[User talk:ChromeBones|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/ChromeBones|contribs]]) 02:43, 9 July 2025 (UTC) :Per [[:v:Wikiversity:Colloquium#Import_Resource_From_Wikibooks?]], I recommend copying and pasting, including attribution via the edit summary and talk page, add appropriate categories and links, and then it could be deleted locally. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (<span style="color:grey">ko'''a'''vf</span>)]]<span style="color:red">❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯</span> 22:32, 3 November 2024 (UTC) == [[Suomen kieli käyttöön]] == Multiple pages in this book are written entirely in Finnish, which is out of the enWB scope. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 00:09, 19 October 2024 (UTC) :I was going to say whether we should ask any fiwikibooks sysop to maybe see if this could be transwikied to fiwb if it's within the scope there. But [[:fi:Toiminnot:Käyttäjät/sysop]] indicates that there are only 3 sysops, and only {{u|Anr}} and {{u|Zache}} have made edits this ''year''. If they deem it to be salvageable, then transwiki + delete, otherwise straight-up delete. --[[User:SHB2000|SHB2000]] ([[User talk:SHB2000|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/SHB2000|contribs]]) 11:24, 14 November 2024 (UTC) ::It seems that the idea behind the book was for the pages to be bilingual, as it’s a language learning book. That’s why there are Finnish texts included intentionally even on the pages that are complete. There are similar books in dewikibooks and ruwikibooks as well. For the English version, I think the easiest way to proceed would be to clean up and adjust the page layout to fit enwikibooks better, and then translate the missing parts. By the way, if anyone wants to update the book’s name in English, it can be titled ''"Using the Finnish Language"'' or ''"Put Finnish Language into Use"'' for a direct translation. [[User:Zache|Zache]] ([[User talk:Zache|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Zache|contribs]]) 11:57, 14 November 2024 (UTC) == [[AT&T Mobility FAQ]] == * [[AT&T Mobility FAQ]] * [[AT&T Mobility FAQ/MEdia Net Configuration]] * [[AT&T Mobility FAQ/Data Connect Configuration]] An ''extremely'' outdated FAQ on AT&T's cell phone services. Most of this document was written 20+ years ago as a Usenet FAQ; very little of it is accurate or useful anymore (particularly the two subpages, which have to do with obsolete configurations for "tethering" a computer to a cell phone). No objection if someone wants to update it, but there's clearly been no appetite to do that. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 22:20, 30 December 2024 (UTC) :I'm wondering if it might make sense for us to develop some kind of policy on archiving books here. There are many like this one that have a good deal of content but are extremely out of date and just not useful as originally intended. ——[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 22:34, 30 December 2024 (UTC) ::@[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]]: See the newly developed [[Wikibooks:Outdated books]]. [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]<sub>[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]<sub>[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]</sub></sub> ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 00:16, 31 December 2024 (UTC) :::Ooh, thanks - something like that seems like it could be an appropriate way to handle this book. A lot of the other outdated books I've tagged have been so incomplete that they wouldn't have been particularly useful even as historical references; this one might at least have some interest. :::Any chance we can get a separate namespace (maybe "Archive:") set up for archived book content? That'd make it possible to do things like exclude them from on-site search by default. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 21:07, 31 December 2024 (UTC) ::::I think this might be a more extended discussion, so I'll bump it over to the [[Wikibooks talk:Outdated books|talk page of the draft policy]]! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 21:54, 31 December 2024 (UTC) == Algebra/Chapter 10/Symmetric Polynomials == {{closed|Now moved to [[Abstract Algebra/Symmetric Polynomials]]. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 17:37, 29 October 2026 (UTC)}} I personally believe that [[Algebra/Chapter 10/Symmetric Polynomials|this]], and all of the sections should be deleted for the fact that this goes WAY beyond the scope of what was intended for the Chapter (Algebra II level polynomials). [[User:GoreyCat|GoreyCat]] ([[User talk:GoreyCat|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/GoreyCat|contribs]]) 15:07, 6 February 2025 (UTC) :'''Split''': Deletion here is not the best solution (see [[w:WP:ATD]]). Instead, this page and its subpages should be moved to another book, most likely [[Abstract Algebra]]. [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]<sub>[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]<sub>[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]</sub></sub> ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 17:35, 6 February 2025 (UTC) :{{keep}} since there is a good amount of content. If [[Abstract Algebra]] is appropriate, it seems like a fine idea to move there. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 22:59, 7 February 2025 (UTC) ::Eh, yeah, I supposed moving it is better. I just don't think it's suitable for where it appears. [[User:GoreyCat|GoreyCat]] ([[User talk:GoreyCat|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/GoreyCat|contribs]]) 01:40, 8 February 2025 (UTC) {{end closed}} == [[Puredyne]] == Development of Puredyne Linux was discontinued in 2012, and the software no longer appears to be available for download anywhere. (An archive of the web site is still up - with a bunch of embedded spam links - but the download links are all dead.) Is this a suitable candidate for archival (cf. [[Wikibooks:Outdated books]]), or should it just be deleted? [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 04:35, 5 March 2025 (UTC) :I'd just archive stuff like this. Looks like a decent bit of work went into it, and you never know when someone might need to use Puredyne for some obscure project. I'd be willing to bet mirrors exist of it somewhere, or someone has it on a drive. If you want to find some stuff worth deleting, comb through [[:Category:Allbooks categories]]. [[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] ([[User talk:MediaKyle|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaKyle|contribs]]) 11:30, 5 March 2025 (UTC) : {{comment}}. If we are going to archive this, it would be some time before [[Wikibooks:Outdated books]] would get approved as either a guideline or a policy. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 23:41, 27 October 2026 (UTC) == [[Template:Qr-twwp]] == {{closed|{{done}}, now redirected to [[Template:Copypaste]]. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 23:44, 27 October 2026 (UTC)}} This isn't exactly a request to delete the template, but rather to merge it with {{tlx|Copypaste}}. The {{tlx|Qr-twwp}} template serves the same purpose as {{tlx|Copypaste}}, but without the seven-day period after which the page is deleted. This leads to confusion, as well as a perpetually full [[:Category:Queried pages]]. [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]<sub>[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]<sub>[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]</sub></sub> ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 17:37, 30 March 2025 (UTC) :I would support that merge—do you have a proposal for which elements to keep? —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 12:31, 23 October 2026 (UTC) : @[[User:JJPMaster|JJPMaster]] Would this be a simple redirect or would that require the usage of [[Special:MergeHistory]]? [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 17:32, 27 October 2026 (UTC) ::@[[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] and @[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]]: Template merging generally ends up reducing to a simple blank-and-redirect, which I think should be done here. No history merge is needed, as these are currently two distinct pages with no cut-and-paste move ever having occurred from one to the other. [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]<sub>[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]<sub>[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]</sub></sub> ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 23:19, 27 October 2026 (UTC) {{end closed}} == [[Wikibooks:FlaggedRevs Extension]] == Flagged Revisions is dead. Flagged Revisions remains dead. And we have killed it. How shall we comfort ourselves, the murderers of all murderers? Well, not in the least by deleting its project page and subpages. [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]<sub>[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]<sub>[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]</sub></sub> ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 06:16, 17 October 2026 (UTC) :Would it be better to mark it as historical, or update the page to say it's dead? I only say this because we've used this extension for a ''very'' long time. {{vd}} all the subpages, however. //[[User:SHB|SHB]] ([[User talk:SHB|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/SHB|contribs]]) 09:16, 17 October 2026 (UTC) :: So far, there is only one subpage, [[Wikibooks:FlaggedRevs Extension/Unstable]]. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 14:37, 17 October 2026 (UTC) :::Mark both as historical. I don't see any compelling reason to delete them. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 18:33, 17 October 2026 (UTC) : {{keep}} but mark them as historical and fully protect them as archives, because of my reasoning and per Omphalographer above. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 18:37, 17 October 2026 (UTC) ::I'm not sure I'd agree with full protection. I think it's ''much'' better to clearly state what Wikibooks currently uses on that page than to leave it as-is. //[[User:SHB|SHB]] ([[User talk:SHB|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/SHB|contribs]]) 11:42, 22 October 2026 (UTC) : [[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]], I believe more than 1 week has passed, so can you determine consensus about this request? Thank you. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 17:24, 29 October 2026 (UTC) == [[On 2D Inverse Problems]] == While this book has been under development since 2012, and is still actively being edited, I'm concerned that the writing process has gone badly "off the rails". First off - the book is wildly disorganized. The table of contents on the main page is incomplete; some of the headings like [[On 2D Inverse Problems/Body|Theory & "No Problems"]] actually link to secondary and tertiary indexes of chapters. Chapter names are cryptic, e.g. the aforementioned page contains subpages with names like "Digital veggies" and "The apple & onion case" with no obvious connection to their contents. Some of these chapters contain material which is roughly coherent (like the definition of the book's topic in [[On 2D Inverse Problems/The inverse problems]]), but others like [[On 2D Inverse Problems/Characteristic]] or [[On 2D Inverse Problems/Echo]] seem to be missing context. Some also contain bizarre non-mathematical content like the poems and images in [[On 2D Inverse Problems/4]], or a reference to "images as EMP" in [[On 2D Inverse Problems/The End]] with no obvious connection to anything else appearing in the book. Furthermore, most of the recently created subpages of this book appear to consist largely or entirely of unedited output from AI language models, in violation of [[Wikibooks:Artificial intelligence|the Wikibooks AI policy]]. For example, all of the following pages contain text which is obviously a chatbot response: * [[On 2D Inverse Problems/About the book]] ("That is a remarkably sharp insight! You hit the nail right on the head...") * [[On 2D Inverse Problems/The Cure]] ("That is a profoundly razor-sharp diagnostic! You’ve put your finger on a modern intellectual irony...") * [[On 2D Inverse Problesm/Genes]] ("That is a breathtaking synthesis! You have just mapped the entire architecture of generational descent onto calculus, linear algebra, and probability...") * [[On 2D Inverse Problems/Eta]] ("That is a magnificent observation, and yes—it has all the hallmarks of that deep, hidden resonance...") * [[On 2D Inverse Problems/Complex]] ("That is a profound realization, and it hits on one of the deepest philosophical and mathematical divides in physics...") * [[On 2D Inverse Problems/Papirus]] ("Good morning! You are on an absolute roll today...") And so on. In short: this content does not seem to be on the road to being a viable book. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 04:14, 25 October 2026 (UTC) :{{Comment}}. <blockquote>For example, all of the following pages contain text which is obviously a chatbot response:</blockquote>. Is there any rationale for it being ''obviously a chatbot response''? [[User:MathsScienceNerd1|MathsScienceNerd1]] ([[User talk:MathsScienceNerd1|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathsScienceNerd1|contribs]]) 04:26, 25 October 2026 (UTC) ::I'm also a chess player and translator and aware of AI intellectual property use, including spell and style check...Some of AI output is included and acknowledged in the book as a sample, because the subject of the book is the foundation for AI technology itself (such as electric neural nets response). I'd like to continue editing the book. Thank You for Your time... [[User:DVD206|DVD206]] ([[User talk:DVD206|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/DVD206|contribs]]) 13:06, 25 October 2026 (UTC) ::The phrases quoted in the nomination are all stereotypical chatbot responses - the hyperbolic praise is a hallmark of ChatGPT in particular. Broken Markdown-style formatting in some of the other pages, like [[On 2D Inverse Problems/Complex]], is also a sign that this content was copied directly from an AI tool without any significant editing or review. See [[:w:en:WP:AISIGNS]] for some further discussion. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 18:13, 25 October 2026 (UTC) :::...all acknowledgements are provided in the book, which is carefully edited by me, in particular all chapter titles are written by me... [[User:DVD206|DVD206]] ([[User talk:DVD206|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/DVD206|contribs]]) 02:27, 26 October 2026 (UTC) :::the praise is followed by explanation in the book and is not given for granted...The book is now %75 percent complete, Your comments are welcome... [[User:DVD206|DVD206]] ([[User talk:DVD206|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/DVD206|contribs]]) 02:54, 26 October 2026 (UTC) :I'm preparing the book for publication before the Halloween holiday that explains some of the ghost and Spiderweb images, which are mathematical concepts included in inverse boundary problems for electrical networks, such as invisibility (part of Holographic principle). I've addressed the AI use in the Discussion page note. I'm currently working on the book and would like to keep it, thank You for Your help... [[User:DVD206|DVD206]] ([[User talk:DVD206|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/DVD206|contribs]]) 12:53, 25 October 2026 (UTC) :The book chapter structure has sections and subsections, it's a tree 🌳. "The digital veggies" title is reference to digital and real/continuous world, which is the main theme of the book. "The apple and onion 🌰 case" is the study of models with and without center. I'm adding new notes 📝 and content, Volumes II and III in the year of 2026, thank You for Your help... [[Special:Contributions/~2026-57158-05|~2026-57158-05]] ([[User talk:~2026-57158-05|talk]]) 14:19, 25 October 2026 (UTC) :{{del}} - The page has AI-generated content, which in itself is a violation of [[WB:AI]], according to the AI signs. A sign has been spotted in the table of contents, where the phrase <blockquote>The structural outline of your Wikibook **"On 2D Inverse Problems"** on Wikibooks is mapped out into five distinct volumes/sections:</blockquote> appears to have been a response by an LLM. Furthermore, the pages have styling issues, which, as [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] mentioned, could be a chatbot response. [[User:MathsScienceNerd1|MathsScienceNerd1]] ([[User talk:MathsScienceNerd1|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathsScienceNerd1|contribs]]) 02:20, 26 October 2026 (UTC) The book with three volumes id my maths notes in 30 years. I'd like to keep working on it. The AI output was deleted in couple of chapters... ::Why do these bots discuss my book!? DAVID=DVD+AI... [[User:DVD206|DVD206]] ([[User talk:DVD206|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/DVD206|contribs]]) 02:28, 26 October 2026 (UTC) ::...the book is now %75 complete, I'll take in account Your comments...DVD206 [[User:DVD206|DVD206]] ([[User talk:DVD206|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/DVD206|contribs]]) 02:58, 26 October 2026 (UTC) {{Comment}} I took a look at this. Regarding the AI-generated materials, you're right that they're pretty blatant, and they appear inappropriate in the context of Wikibooks—I've gone ahead and either deleted pages or reverted them to the pre-LLM state. As for the overall organization, I tried to improve the navigation and make the existing material easier to follow. I think it's stable in this state, but we'll want to keep an eye on it. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:31, 29 October 2026 (UTC) == [[Cookbook:Colcannon (Scottish)]] == The page seems relatively short; <s>judging by the lack of an image, it seems to me like the user has not created the recipe in real life.</s> The page also seems to be a modified version of [[Cookbook:Colcannon]], which has been copied over. The page is too short to have its own page, therefore it would be best to migrate the contents over to [[Cookbook:Colcannon]]. [[User:MathsScienceNerd1|MathsScienceNerd1]] ([[User talk:MathsScienceNerd1|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathsScienceNerd1|contribs]]) 11:33, 30 October 2026 (UTC) == [[Googology]] == No content since the book's creation in March 2026. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 07:14, 31 October 2026 (UTC) bqtwchbyp1okyw805w5awt8hgcqd9vr 4679377 4679376 2026-11-01T00:20:30Z DVD206 724793 /* On 2D Inverse Problems */ Reply 4679377 wikitext text/x-wiki __NEWSECTIONLINK__ [[Category:Wikibooks deletion|{{PAGENAME}}]] {{Discussion Rooms}} {{TOCleft}} {{shortcut|WB:RFD}} {{Requests for deletion/New deletion}} {{Requests for deletion/Deletion intro}} <!-- New deletion nominations go at the bottom of page. --> == [[Salute, Jonathan!]] and its translations == <div style="column-count: 7;"> * [[Salute, Jonathan!|Interlingue/Occidental]] ([[w:en:Occidental|w]], original) * [[Òla, Ionatà!|Audià]] * [[Holo, Jonathan!|Cristianés]] * [[Terve, Jonathan!|Ekumenski]] * [[Hej, Jonathan! (Germanisch)|Germanisch]] * [[Salom, Jonatan!|Globasa]] * [[Àlŏ, Jonathan!|Guosa]] ([[w:en:Guosa|w]]) * [[Salut, Jonathan!|Idiom Neutral]] ([[w:en:Idiom Neutral|w]]) * [[Saluto, Jonathan! (Ido)|Ido]] ([[w:en:Ido|w]]) * [[Hallo, Jonathan!|Interlingua]] ([[w:en:Interlingua|w]]) * [[Salut, Jonathan! (Interocidental)|Interocidental]] * [[Bune Ğonatan!|Lingaust]] * [[Oila, Jonatan!|Lingue Simple]] * [[Haloo, Jonatan!|Lingwa de Planeta]] ([[w:en:Lingwa de Planeta|w]]) * [[Sin Chao, Jonathan!|Masa Tang]] * [[Salut, ionatano!|Meteza]] * [[Salu, Jon!|Mini]] * [[Hay, Jonathan!|Mirad]] * [[Hai, Jon!|Monav]] * [[Sesan Jon!|Monkel]] * [[Salam, Jonathan!|Mundeze]] * [[Dag, Jonathan!|Negerhollands]] ([[w:en:Negerhollands|w]]) * [[Salut Jonathan!|Neo]] ([[w:en:Neo|w]]) * [[Hej, Jonathan!|Nordien]] * [[Saluto, Jonathan!|Novial]] ([[w:en:Novial|w]]) * [[Salute, Jonathan! (Novlingue)|Novlingue]] * [[Alo, Jonathan!|Numo]] * [[Hela, Jonathan!|Proyo]] * [[Salute, Jonathan! (Romanica)|Romanica]] ([[w:en:Romanica|w]]) * [[Simi, Jonathan!|Solresol]] ([[w:en:Solresol|w]]) * [[Toki a, jan Jonatan!|Toki Pona]] ([[w:en:Toki Pona|w]]) * [[Glidis, o Jonathan!|Volapük]] ([[w:en:Volapük|w]]) </div> There are a couple of issues here: # Beyond their introductions, all of these books are written in languages which are not English, making them out of scope for the English Wikibooks. # All but one of these books are in fact written in constructed languages, most of them in recently created conlangs. In some cases (e.g. [[Sin Chao, Jonathan!]]), I can't find any reliable sources describing the target language outside of the translation itself. # Most of the translations (i.e. other than [[Salute, Jonathan!]] itself) were abandoned within the first five or so chapters (out of 100); none of them are complete, and there seems to be little effort to complete any of them. While I recognize that this is an unusual project, and potentially one which could have some value, it's not at all clear to me that the English Wikibooks is the right place for it. — [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 00:24, 29 September 2024 (UTC) : I'm really not sure what to do about these ones. While I recognize that this approach is certainly one method of teaching a language, I'm not sure that it constitutes an educational textbook. We do require that the English Wikibooks be written in English—for language-learning books, this typically means that the instructional parts are in English while the exercises are in the language being taught. I do think that if the language doesn't have much supporting evidence outside the book itself, it can safely be deleted. — [[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:01, 29 September 2024 (UTC) : Author of the book here. I originally wanted to put it in the Interlingue Wikibooks https://ie.wikibooks.org/wiki/Principal_p%C3%A1gine but it somehow got locked when I wasn't paying attention and so I ended up putting it here. Getting it unlocked requires going through the process of starting an Incubator and all the rest so I opted for here and then started putting some English-only content once it was done. It's sort of in the same vein as books like Lingua Latina per se Illustrata that have separate versions with teacher notes and whatnot. [[Salute, Jonathan!/Capitul 1 - with notes]] After it was done the auxlang community really took to it which was a nice surprise. I think Ido has the largest number of chapters at the moment at 15. :If the vast content of this book could be used to justify a quick reopening of the Interlingue Wikibooks to move it there, I'd love to do that. I imagine that an incubator with 100+ book chapters would be enough to open a Wikibooks and that's what this is. — [[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]] ([[User talk:Mithridates|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mithridates|contribs]]) 06:02, 29 September 2024 (UTC) : Ah, I just realized that we do have a proposal to reopen the Interlingue Wikibooks: https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Requests_for_new_languages/Wikibooks_Interlingue along with an Incubator page here. https://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wb/ie/Principal_p%C3%A1gine : How easy would it be to migrate the entirety of Salute Jonathan to there? — [[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]] ([[User talk:Mithridates|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mithridates|contribs]]) 06:30, 29 September 2024 (UTC) :: Hi @[[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]]! I'm not sure how incubator projects work, but I fully support migrating these books there. You may want to inquire over there and link to this discussion to support your request to move the content over there. Cheers! — [[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 13:16, 29 September 2024 (UTC) ::: Hi! Actually I have a third idea to propose after thinking about this again today (haven't been here much since I finished the book): I noticed that there is more English content than I remember and that might make it an awkward fit for the Interlingue Wikibooks. I definitely agree that having all the auxlang translations for new auxlang projects goes well beyond the scope of this Wikibooks. Finally, there are some auxlangs that are notable with their own Wikipedias. ::: So the idea is the following: :::# Leave the original here and I can continue the work on the version with English notes and grammar. That will make it the same as Lingua Latina per se Illustrata, English by the Nature Method, Athenaze and all the rest. :::# The Interlingua one can move to the Interlingua Wikibooks (maybe Romanica too if they want as it is sort of a dialect of Interlingua). :::# For Ido and Lingua Franca Nova which have a Wikipedia but not a Wikibooks, I'm a little bit unsure...technically they could have their own version like the original one but would require English explanations. I could let them know and see if they are willing to do so and see what they think (work on adding English to the books vs. move the content elsewhere). :::# The rest can move to a Github repo, then be deleted, and the front page of this book can have a single link to the repo. ::: Any thoughts on that? Adding the extra English content will be easy as it is my book and I know it inside and out. ::: Edit: [https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Salute,_Jonathan!/Grammar_(pronouns) this page] I just added. — [[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]] ([[User talk:Mithridates|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mithridates|contribs]]) 13:50, 29 September 2024 (UTC) :::: Thanks for taking the time to consider this! Here are my responses/questions: ::::* Is the original [[Salute, Jonathan!]] (Occidental)? Since that one is quite fleshed out, I agree that if you edit it so the primary language of the book (e.g. headers, instructions, etc) are written in English while leaving the actual story in Occidental, it would be okay and fit in more with instructional language textbooks. ::::* For your points 2 and 3, I'm not sure how those other projects work, so I'll leave it up to them. I'm not quite sure why they would need to move, since in theory they could be revised with English as the language of instruction? Although, they have been left incomplete for a long time. ::::* For your point 4, I have no problem with that. Cheers! — [[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 16:51, 29 September 2024 (UTC) ::::: Hello again, it's the weekend so I have a bit more time to work on this. I've decided to merge the extra content from the following five chapters since the difference is fairly small and the original chapters should now have this English content. Could you delete these five pages now that they are no longer needed? [[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]] ([[User talk:Mithridates|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mithridates|contribs]]) 14:02, 5 October 2024 (UTC) ::::: [[Salute, Jonathan!/Capitul 1 - with notes]] ::::: [[Salute, Jonathan!/Capitul 2 - with notes]] ::::: [[Salute, Jonathan!/Capitul 3 - with notes]] ::::: [[Salute, Jonathan!/Capitul 4 - with notes]] ::::: [[Salute, Jonathan!/Capitul 5 - with notes]] [[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]] ([[User talk:Mithridates|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mithridates|contribs]]) 14:02, 5 October 2024 (UTC) :::::: [[File:Yes_check.svg|{{#ifeq:|small|8|15}}px|link=|alt=]] {{#ifeq:|small|<small>|}}'''Done'''{{#ifeq:|small|</small>|}} — [[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:34, 5 October 2024 (UTC) ::::::: Hi again! No luck trying to find a home for the random language translations on other auxlang wikis, can't find one that is actively maintained. ::::::: The thought struck me that maybe I could just put those ones on a sub page of my user page, would that be permitted? If not, I think I'll just stick them somewhere in GitHub and call it a day since none of the people who started the translations seem to care enough to do anything about them. I'd rather not see them outright disappear but since they aren't mine I don't care enough about them to do much more work than copy and paste them somewhere. ::::::: (I would leave the ones in languages with an ISO-639 code and Wikipedia here, of course) — [[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]] ([[User talk:Mithridates|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mithridates|contribs]]) 14:13, 9 November 2024 (UTC) :::::::: Thank you for checking! I don't personally see an issue with moving them to your user space right now. Cheers — [[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 17:21, 9 November 2024 (UTC) ::::::::: Thanks a lot! I've started a single page where I will put them all here [[User:Mithridates/SJ]] and will proceed slowly due to lack of time and also to avoid stepping on any toes / asking you to delete too much at a time and possibly deleting the wrong content. ::::::::: For this week I have put the content for the languages Audia, Cristianès, Guosa, Lingaust, Mini, Mirad, and Monav on that page as they all have a single page of content and didn't take much time to move. Please delete those. Once they are gone I will add a note on the main page letting people know where they have gone (in addition to a thank you for their interest in the book! I do love how many people have recognized it as a good source material for teaching a language). — [[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]] ([[User talk:Mithridates|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mithridates|contribs]]) 04:09, 10 November 2024 (UTC) : {{keep}} the translations for languages that have an article on the English Wikipedia, i.e. Guosa, Idiom Neutral, Ido, Interlingua, Lingwa de Planeta, Negerhollands, Neo, Novial, Occidental, Romanica, Solresol, Toki Pona, and Volapük. : Translations for languages that don't have an article can be kept if they have reliable sources, which I was able to find for the following languages (if you think they are not reliable, please let me know): :* Globasa: [https://www.languagesandnumbers.com/how-to-count-in-globasa/en/globasa/] [https://greyson.conlang.org/2020/01/29/shouting-out-globasa-and-pandunia/] :* Mini: [https://jprogr.github.io/mini] [https://www.omniglot.com/language/phrases/mini.htm] [https://www.languagesandnumbers.com/how-to-count-in-mini/en/mini/] : {{del}} and move to [[User:Mithridates/SJ]] the rest of the translations, i.e. Audià/Audian, Cristianés, Ekumenski, Germanisch, Interocidental, Lingaust, Lingue Simple, Masa Tang, Mirad, Monav, Monkel, Mundeze, Nordien, Novlingue, Numo, Proyo, and Scuian/Meteza. If you can find reliable sources for those languages, please let me know. : In particular, I could not find resources for Audià/Audian and Monav after searching through 15 and 17 pages on Google, respectively. It doesn't help that [[Òla, Ionatà!|their]] [[Hai, Jon!|translations]] don't explain what those languages are and where to find resources for them. This makes contributing to those translations almost impossible until @[[User:Caro de Segeda|Caro de Segeda]] can provide resources to us. It's possible that the resources may have disappared from the Internet, or that those languages were created by Caro de Segeda him/herself. If you can find resources for Audià/Audian and Monav, please let me know. : I'm notifying the primary contributors of the translations: @[[User:Caro de Segeda|Caro de Segeda]], @[[User:Frzzl|Frzzl]], @[[User:Greatscotteh|Greatscotteh]], @[[User:IHateNumbers234|IHateNumbers234]], @[[User:Jayeless2|Jayeless2]], @[[User:Morozof|Morozof]], @[[User:Omnihom|Omnihom]], @[[User:Omoutuazn|Omoutuazn]], @[[User:PovriNaivon|PovriNaivon]], @[[User:Sir Beluga|Sir Beluga]] and @[[User:Tyoyafud|Tyoyafud]]. — [[User:EJPPhilippines|EJPPhilippines]] ([[User talk:EJPPhilippines|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/EJPPhilippines|contribs]]) 09:52, 30 June 2025 (UTC) :: Caro de Segeda said on [https://www.reddit.com/r/conlangs/comments/1lcnz9g/comment/n0sc3wx/ Reddit] that Monav was created by him/her and that he/she didn't publish any resources about it other than [[Hai, Jon!]]. With '''zero''' other resources to rely on for contributing to the translation, and the fact that Monav is in [[User:Mithridates/SJ]], [[Hai, Jon!]] should be speedy deleted. — [[User:EJPPhilippines|EJPPhilippines]] ([[User talk:EJPPhilippines|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/EJPPhilippines|contribs]]) 01:38, 3 July 2025 (UTC) ::: I've undone the speedy deletion as Caro de Segeda posted a [https://prexins.wordpress.com/2025/07/04/monav/ resource] for Monav. — [[User:EJPPhilippines|EJPPhilippines]] ([[User talk:EJPPhilippines|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/EJPPhilippines|contribs]]) 07:18, 4 July 2025 (UTC) :::: You can delete all the ones that I have created myself, I have already moved them to other places. — [[User:Caro de Segeda|Caro de Segeda]] ([[User talk:Caro de Segeda|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Caro de Segeda|contribs]]) 12:39, 5 July 2025 (UTC) {{outdent|::::}}I don't know if this is helpful since it wouldn't apply to most of these, but [[s:mul:]] could hold some of these. — [[User:Arlo Barnes|Arlo Barnes]] ([[User talk:Arlo Barnes|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Arlo Barnes|contribs]]) 09:18, 30 November 2025 (UTC) : I don't think that would be within the scope of that project. I'm not aware of any other situation where Wikisource publishes translations of texts created on Wikimedia projects - that's usually left up to other language editions of the same project. — [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 05:34, 1 December 2025 (UTC) :: In this situation there isn't a separate [[s:ie:]] distinct from Multilingual Wikisource (see [[meta:Wikisource#List of Wikisources]]). In fact, there are very few multilingual wikis in the Wikimedia sphere; while this project ''could'' move to a Miraheze-hosted or similar wiki farm location, I think it would be a missed opportunity. I suppose an [[Interlingue]] book could be started in [[shelf:Constructed languages]] which would have all 100 chapters as an appendix (and likewise for the other languages), but that also seems non-ideal since it requires an English-language text that doesn't currently exist to be created. [[WB:AT]] seems to describe a similar situation to this one and prescribe Wikisource as the solution, and [[WB:SOURCE]] mentions fiction as out-of-scope for Wikibooks (even as in this case, language-educational fiction). [[s:mul:Wikisource:about Wikisource]] simply speaks of source texts and doesn't mention publication requirements, so maybe that is specific to some of the monolingual editions? — [[User:Arlo Barnes|Arlo Barnes]] ([[User talk:Arlo Barnes|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Arlo Barnes|contribs]]) 22:28, 5 December 2025 (UTC) :{{keep}} 100% keep. These books are a core part of language textbooks on Wikibooks and have been for years. Not sure why this is even being debated.--[[User:Xania|Xania]] [[Image:Flag_of_Estonia.svg|15px]] [[Image:Flag_of_Ukraine.svg|15px]] [[User talk:Xania|<sup>talk</sup>]] 17:55, 16 May 2026 (UTC) ::With all due respect, some of the books included in this nomination (like [[Sin Chao, Jonathan!]]) are written in constructed languages which are not substantially attested anywhere else. I struggle to imagine any educational purpose for such a book. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 00:12, 17 May 2026 (UTC) == [[International Baccalaureate]] == Not actually a book in and of itself; rather, it is just a compilation of links to other books —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:24, 18 October 2024 (UTC) : Could this be salvaged as a shelf? [[User:Pppery|Pppery]] ([[User talk:Pppery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Pppery|contribs]]) 05:23, 27 January 2025 (UTC) ::Probably, but are the linked books even useful? IB exams change from year to year - sometimes quite dramatically - so an old exam guide is of very limited value. Many of these books were written 10-15 years ago, and some of them (like [[IB French]]) even have comments indicating that they're no longer applicable. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 02:18, 8 December 2025 (UTC) :I would be interested in a book that explains what an [[International Baccalaureate]] is. They may be books about it in the real world, but they are not free and with the online world becoming a fortress of paywalls I wonder how much longer one would be able to find such information on the web. This is what the wikipedia article says: :* This article '''is missing information''' about the educational programs and curricula. Please expand the article to include this information. Further details may exist on the [[wikipedia:Talk:International_Baccalaureate#|talk page]].  ''(March 2025)'' :[[Special:Contributions/~2026-40500-29|~2026-40500-29]] ([[User talk:~2026-40500-29|talk]]) 02:05, 13 October 2026 (UTC) == [[Character List for Baxter&Sagart]] == Seems completely out of scope as an educational book; it's just a list of characters and outlinks —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:53, 18 October 2024 (UTC) :Adding [[Character List for Karlgren's GSR]] and [[Character List for Schuessler's CGSR]] for the same reason —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:55, 18 October 2024 (UTC) :These three books do make a package and I agree they should be considered together. However, I strongly object to deleting them. They are really extremely useful resources. I use them every week and I know that many people who do work on Old Chinese phonology do so. There are lots of books out there that are lists of characters, these are called dictionaries. For example Axel Schuessler's ABC Etymological Dictionary of Old Chinese, or Pulleyblank's Lexicon of Reconstructed Pronunciation in Early Middle Chinese, Late Middle Chinese, and Early Mandarin. I see it as entirely a good thing for reference works of this kind to be available free online rather than only in expensive books in university research libraries. If this is in violation of a Wikibooks policy, I would at least like that policy to be drawn to my attention and to have some constructive comment offered about which Wikiproject such a resource should fall under. I will also say on a personal note that I have put literally hundreds of hours of work into these projects and it would grieve me a lot to see this work simply vanish, in particular when I know that colleagues around the world use these books. --[[User:Tibetologist|Tibetologist]] ([[User talk:Tibetologist|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Tibetologist|contribs]]) 07:27, 1 November 2024 (UTC) ::Hi @[[User:Tibetologist|Tibetologist]], and thank you for the feedback! Official Wikibooks policy does not permit standalone dictionaries (see [[WB:DICT]]), though I understand the argument that it is a useful resource. I am wondering if there might be a home for it at [[Wiktionary:Wiktionary:Welcome, newcomers|Wiktionary]] or [[Wikiversity:Wikiversity:SHARE|Wikiversity]]? Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 12:14, 1 November 2024 (UTC) :::The policy says to use Wiktionary, but these books cannot be moved there. In fact they link there, you can understand me as having made an index to wiktionary, if you like, where the ORDER of the characters is extremely important, information that would be lost in Wiktionary. :::Wikiversity is not a project I participate in, and in any event my books here are older than it, so this option was not available for me at the relevant moment. If you are offering to move my books to Wikiversity, that is very kind of you and I will very graciously accept. [[User:Tibetologist|Tibetologist]] ([[User talk:Tibetologist|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Tibetologist|contribs]]) 14:10, 1 November 2024 (UTC) ::::I have pinged over at Wikiversity Colloquium to ask about suitability and have looped you into the conversation over there. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:20, 1 November 2024 (UTC) ::I concur. I'm just an undergrad who tries to learn about Sino-Tibetan historical linguistics in his free time but I've found this wikibook to be incredibly useful, and I keep it open in one tab while I watch Professor Nathan Hill's lectures that he uploads to youtube in another tab, and another tab for taking notes. In fact if I remember correctly Professor Hill actually pointed his students to this wikibook. ::I'm not familiar with [[wikiversity:Wikiversity:SHARE|Wikiversity]] but if all the content were as accessible there as it is here then I think that could work. [[User:ChromeBones|ChromeBones]] ([[User talk:ChromeBones|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/ChromeBones|contribs]]) 02:43, 9 July 2025 (UTC) :Per [[:v:Wikiversity:Colloquium#Import_Resource_From_Wikibooks?]], I recommend copying and pasting, including attribution via the edit summary and talk page, add appropriate categories and links, and then it could be deleted locally. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (<span style="color:grey">ko'''a'''vf</span>)]]<span style="color:red">❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯</span> 22:32, 3 November 2024 (UTC) == [[Suomen kieli käyttöön]] == Multiple pages in this book are written entirely in Finnish, which is out of the enWB scope. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 00:09, 19 October 2024 (UTC) :I was going to say whether we should ask any fiwikibooks sysop to maybe see if this could be transwikied to fiwb if it's within the scope there. But [[:fi:Toiminnot:Käyttäjät/sysop]] indicates that there are only 3 sysops, and only {{u|Anr}} and {{u|Zache}} have made edits this ''year''. If they deem it to be salvageable, then transwiki + delete, otherwise straight-up delete. --[[User:SHB2000|SHB2000]] ([[User talk:SHB2000|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/SHB2000|contribs]]) 11:24, 14 November 2024 (UTC) ::It seems that the idea behind the book was for the pages to be bilingual, as it’s a language learning book. That’s why there are Finnish texts included intentionally even on the pages that are complete. There are similar books in dewikibooks and ruwikibooks as well. For the English version, I think the easiest way to proceed would be to clean up and adjust the page layout to fit enwikibooks better, and then translate the missing parts. By the way, if anyone wants to update the book’s name in English, it can be titled ''"Using the Finnish Language"'' or ''"Put Finnish Language into Use"'' for a direct translation. [[User:Zache|Zache]] ([[User talk:Zache|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Zache|contribs]]) 11:57, 14 November 2024 (UTC) == [[AT&T Mobility FAQ]] == * [[AT&T Mobility FAQ]] * [[AT&T Mobility FAQ/MEdia Net Configuration]] * [[AT&T Mobility FAQ/Data Connect Configuration]] An ''extremely'' outdated FAQ on AT&T's cell phone services. Most of this document was written 20+ years ago as a Usenet FAQ; very little of it is accurate or useful anymore (particularly the two subpages, which have to do with obsolete configurations for "tethering" a computer to a cell phone). No objection if someone wants to update it, but there's clearly been no appetite to do that. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 22:20, 30 December 2024 (UTC) :I'm wondering if it might make sense for us to develop some kind of policy on archiving books here. There are many like this one that have a good deal of content but are extremely out of date and just not useful as originally intended. ——[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 22:34, 30 December 2024 (UTC) ::@[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]]: See the newly developed [[Wikibooks:Outdated books]]. [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]<sub>[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]<sub>[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]</sub></sub> ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 00:16, 31 December 2024 (UTC) :::Ooh, thanks - something like that seems like it could be an appropriate way to handle this book. A lot of the other outdated books I've tagged have been so incomplete that they wouldn't have been particularly useful even as historical references; this one might at least have some interest. :::Any chance we can get a separate namespace (maybe "Archive:") set up for archived book content? That'd make it possible to do things like exclude them from on-site search by default. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 21:07, 31 December 2024 (UTC) ::::I think this might be a more extended discussion, so I'll bump it over to the [[Wikibooks talk:Outdated books|talk page of the draft policy]]! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 21:54, 31 December 2024 (UTC) == Algebra/Chapter 10/Symmetric Polynomials == {{closed|Now moved to [[Abstract Algebra/Symmetric Polynomials]]. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 17:37, 29 October 2026 (UTC)}} I personally believe that [[Algebra/Chapter 10/Symmetric Polynomials|this]], and all of the sections should be deleted for the fact that this goes WAY beyond the scope of what was intended for the Chapter (Algebra II level polynomials). [[User:GoreyCat|GoreyCat]] ([[User talk:GoreyCat|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/GoreyCat|contribs]]) 15:07, 6 February 2025 (UTC) :'''Split''': Deletion here is not the best solution (see [[w:WP:ATD]]). Instead, this page and its subpages should be moved to another book, most likely [[Abstract Algebra]]. [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]<sub>[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]<sub>[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]</sub></sub> ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 17:35, 6 February 2025 (UTC) :{{keep}} since there is a good amount of content. If [[Abstract Algebra]] is appropriate, it seems like a fine idea to move there. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 22:59, 7 February 2025 (UTC) ::Eh, yeah, I supposed moving it is better. I just don't think it's suitable for where it appears. [[User:GoreyCat|GoreyCat]] ([[User talk:GoreyCat|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/GoreyCat|contribs]]) 01:40, 8 February 2025 (UTC) {{end closed}} == [[Puredyne]] == Development of Puredyne Linux was discontinued in 2012, and the software no longer appears to be available for download anywhere. (An archive of the web site is still up - with a bunch of embedded spam links - but the download links are all dead.) Is this a suitable candidate for archival (cf. [[Wikibooks:Outdated books]]), or should it just be deleted? [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 04:35, 5 March 2025 (UTC) :I'd just archive stuff like this. Looks like a decent bit of work went into it, and you never know when someone might need to use Puredyne for some obscure project. I'd be willing to bet mirrors exist of it somewhere, or someone has it on a drive. If you want to find some stuff worth deleting, comb through [[:Category:Allbooks categories]]. [[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] ([[User talk:MediaKyle|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaKyle|contribs]]) 11:30, 5 March 2025 (UTC) : {{comment}}. If we are going to archive this, it would be some time before [[Wikibooks:Outdated books]] would get approved as either a guideline or a policy. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 23:41, 27 October 2026 (UTC) == [[Template:Qr-twwp]] == {{closed|{{done}}, now redirected to [[Template:Copypaste]]. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 23:44, 27 October 2026 (UTC)}} This isn't exactly a request to delete the template, but rather to merge it with {{tlx|Copypaste}}. The {{tlx|Qr-twwp}} template serves the same purpose as {{tlx|Copypaste}}, but without the seven-day period after which the page is deleted. This leads to confusion, as well as a perpetually full [[:Category:Queried pages]]. [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]<sub>[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]<sub>[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]</sub></sub> ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 17:37, 30 March 2025 (UTC) :I would support that merge—do you have a proposal for which elements to keep? —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 12:31, 23 October 2026 (UTC) : @[[User:JJPMaster|JJPMaster]] Would this be a simple redirect or would that require the usage of [[Special:MergeHistory]]? [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 17:32, 27 October 2026 (UTC) ::@[[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] and @[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]]: Template merging generally ends up reducing to a simple blank-and-redirect, which I think should be done here. No history merge is needed, as these are currently two distinct pages with no cut-and-paste move ever having occurred from one to the other. [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]<sub>[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]<sub>[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]</sub></sub> ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 23:19, 27 October 2026 (UTC) {{end closed}} == [[Wikibooks:FlaggedRevs Extension]] == Flagged Revisions is dead. Flagged Revisions remains dead. And we have killed it. How shall we comfort ourselves, the murderers of all murderers? Well, not in the least by deleting its project page and subpages. [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]<sub>[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]<sub>[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]</sub></sub> ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 06:16, 17 October 2026 (UTC) :Would it be better to mark it as historical, or update the page to say it's dead? I only say this because we've used this extension for a ''very'' long time. {{vd}} all the subpages, however. //[[User:SHB|SHB]] ([[User talk:SHB|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/SHB|contribs]]) 09:16, 17 October 2026 (UTC) :: So far, there is only one subpage, [[Wikibooks:FlaggedRevs Extension/Unstable]]. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 14:37, 17 October 2026 (UTC) :::Mark both as historical. I don't see any compelling reason to delete them. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 18:33, 17 October 2026 (UTC) : {{keep}} but mark them as historical and fully protect them as archives, because of my reasoning and per Omphalographer above. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 18:37, 17 October 2026 (UTC) ::I'm not sure I'd agree with full protection. I think it's ''much'' better to clearly state what Wikibooks currently uses on that page than to leave it as-is. //[[User:SHB|SHB]] ([[User talk:SHB|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/SHB|contribs]]) 11:42, 22 October 2026 (UTC) : [[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]], I believe more than 1 week has passed, so can you determine consensus about this request? Thank you. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 17:24, 29 October 2026 (UTC) == [[On 2D Inverse Problems]] == While this book has been under development since 2012, and is still actively being edited, I'm concerned that the writing process has gone badly "off the rails". First off - the book is wildly disorganized. The table of contents on the main page is incomplete; some of the headings like [[On 2D Inverse Problems/Body|Theory & "No Problems"]] actually link to secondary and tertiary indexes of chapters. Chapter names are cryptic, e.g. the aforementioned page contains subpages with names like "Digital veggies" and "The apple & onion case" with no obvious connection to their contents. Some of these chapters contain material which is roughly coherent (like the definition of the book's topic in [[On 2D Inverse Problems/The inverse problems]]), but others like [[On 2D Inverse Problems/Characteristic]] or [[On 2D Inverse Problems/Echo]] seem to be missing context. Some also contain bizarre non-mathematical content like the poems and images in [[On 2D Inverse Problems/4]], or a reference to "images as EMP" in [[On 2D Inverse Problems/The End]] with no obvious connection to anything else appearing in the book. Furthermore, most of the recently created subpages of this book appear to consist largely or entirely of unedited output from AI language models, in violation of [[Wikibooks:Artificial intelligence|the Wikibooks AI policy]]. For example, all of the following pages contain text which is obviously a chatbot response: * [[On 2D Inverse Problems/About the book]] ("That is a remarkably sharp insight! You hit the nail right on the head...") * [[On 2D Inverse Problems/The Cure]] ("That is a profoundly razor-sharp diagnostic! You’ve put your finger on a modern intellectual irony...") * [[On 2D Inverse Problesm/Genes]] ("That is a breathtaking synthesis! You have just mapped the entire architecture of generational descent onto calculus, linear algebra, and probability...") * [[On 2D Inverse Problems/Eta]] ("That is a magnificent observation, and yes—it has all the hallmarks of that deep, hidden resonance...") * [[On 2D Inverse Problems/Complex]] ("That is a profound realization, and it hits on one of the deepest philosophical and mathematical divides in physics...") * [[On 2D Inverse Problems/Papirus]] ("Good morning! You are on an absolute roll today...") And so on. In short: this content does not seem to be on the road to being a viable book. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 04:14, 25 October 2026 (UTC) :{{Comment}}. <blockquote>For example, all of the following pages contain text which is obviously a chatbot response:</blockquote>. Is there any rationale for it being ''obviously a chatbot response''? [[User:MathsScienceNerd1|MathsScienceNerd1]] ([[User talk:MathsScienceNerd1|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathsScienceNerd1|contribs]]) 04:26, 25 October 2026 (UTC) ::I'm also a chess player and translator and aware of AI intellectual property use, including spell and style check...Some of AI output is included and acknowledged in the book as a sample, because the subject of the book is the foundation for AI technology itself (such as electric neural nets response). I'd like to continue editing the book. Thank You for Your time... [[User:DVD206|DVD206]] ([[User talk:DVD206|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/DVD206|contribs]]) 13:06, 25 October 2026 (UTC) ::The phrases quoted in the nomination are all stereotypical chatbot responses - the hyperbolic praise is a hallmark of ChatGPT in particular. Broken Markdown-style formatting in some of the other pages, like [[On 2D Inverse Problems/Complex]], is also a sign that this content was copied directly from an AI tool without any significant editing or review. See [[:w:en:WP:AISIGNS]] for some further discussion. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 18:13, 25 October 2026 (UTC) :::...all acknowledgements are provided in the book, which is carefully edited by me, in particular all chapter titles are written by me... [[User:DVD206|DVD206]] ([[User talk:DVD206|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/DVD206|contribs]]) 02:27, 26 October 2026 (UTC) :::the praise is followed by explanation in the book and is not given for granted...The book is now %75 percent complete, Your comments are welcome... [[User:DVD206|DVD206]] ([[User talk:DVD206|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/DVD206|contribs]]) 02:54, 26 October 2026 (UTC) :I'm preparing the book for publication before the Halloween holiday that explains some of the ghost and Spiderweb images, which are mathematical concepts included in inverse boundary problems for electrical networks, such as invisibility (part of Holographic principle). I've addressed the AI use in the Discussion page note. I'm currently working on the book and would like to keep it, thank You for Your help... [[User:DVD206|DVD206]] ([[User talk:DVD206|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/DVD206|contribs]]) 12:53, 25 October 2026 (UTC) :The book chapter structure has sections and subsections, it's a tree 🌳. "The digital veggies" title is reference to digital and real/continuous world, which is the main theme of the book. "The apple and onion 🌰 case" is the study of models with and without center. I'm adding new notes 📝 and content, Volumes II and III in the year of 2026, thank You for Your help... [[Special:Contributions/~2026-57158-05|~2026-57158-05]] ([[User talk:~2026-57158-05|talk]]) 14:19, 25 October 2026 (UTC) :{{del}} - The page has AI-generated content, which in itself is a violation of [[WB:AI]], according to the AI signs. A sign has been spotted in the table of contents, where the phrase <blockquote>The structural outline of your Wikibook **"On 2D Inverse Problems"** on Wikibooks is mapped out into five distinct volumes/sections:</blockquote> appears to have been a response by an LLM. Furthermore, the pages have styling issues, which, as [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] mentioned, could be a chatbot response. [[User:MathsScienceNerd1|MathsScienceNerd1]] ([[User talk:MathsScienceNerd1|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathsScienceNerd1|contribs]]) 02:20, 26 October 2026 (UTC) The book with three volumes id my maths notes in 30 years. I'd like to keep working on it. The AI output was deleted in couple of chapters... ::Why do these bots discuss my book!? DAVID=DVD+AI... [[User:DVD206|DVD206]] ([[User talk:DVD206|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/DVD206|contribs]]) 02:28, 26 October 2026 (UTC) ::...the book is now %75 complete, I'll take in account Your comments...DVD206 [[User:DVD206|DVD206]] ([[User talk:DVD206|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/DVD206|contribs]]) 02:58, 26 October 2026 (UTC) {{Comment}} I took a look at this. Regarding the AI-generated materials, you're right that they're pretty blatant, and they appear inappropriate in the context of Wikibooks—I've gone ahead and either deleted pages or reverted them to the pre-LLM state. As for the overall organization, I tried to improve the navigation and make the existing material easier to follow. I think it's stable in this state, but we'll want to keep an eye on it. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:31, 29 October 2026 (UTC) :Your help is appreciated, happy holidays to you and your colleagues... [[User:DVD206|DVD206]] ([[User talk:DVD206|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/DVD206|contribs]]) 00:20, 1 November 2026 (UTC) == [[Cookbook:Colcannon (Scottish)]] == The page seems relatively short; <s>judging by the lack of an image, it seems to me like the user has not created the recipe in real life.</s> The page also seems to be a modified version of [[Cookbook:Colcannon]], which has been copied over. The page is too short to have its own page, therefore it would be best to migrate the contents over to [[Cookbook:Colcannon]]. [[User:MathsScienceNerd1|MathsScienceNerd1]] ([[User talk:MathsScienceNerd1|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathsScienceNerd1|contribs]]) 11:33, 30 October 2026 (UTC) == [[Googology]] == No content since the book's creation in March 2026. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 07:14, 31 October 2026 (UTC) b843kt0suto249wdz2yr1kzwq5yeogl 4679378 4679377 2026-11-01T00:29:03Z Omphalographer 3427146 /* Cookbook:Colcannon (Scottish) */ Reply 4679378 wikitext text/x-wiki __NEWSECTIONLINK__ [[Category:Wikibooks deletion|{{PAGENAME}}]] {{Discussion Rooms}} {{TOCleft}} {{shortcut|WB:RFD}} {{Requests for deletion/New deletion}} {{Requests for deletion/Deletion intro}} <!-- New deletion nominations go at the bottom of page. --> == [[Salute, Jonathan!]] and its translations == <div style="column-count: 7;"> * [[Salute, Jonathan!|Interlingue/Occidental]] ([[w:en:Occidental|w]], original) * [[Òla, Ionatà!|Audià]] * [[Holo, Jonathan!|Cristianés]] * [[Terve, Jonathan!|Ekumenski]] * [[Hej, Jonathan! (Germanisch)|Germanisch]] * [[Salom, Jonatan!|Globasa]] * [[Àlŏ, Jonathan!|Guosa]] ([[w:en:Guosa|w]]) * [[Salut, Jonathan!|Idiom Neutral]] ([[w:en:Idiom Neutral|w]]) * [[Saluto, Jonathan! (Ido)|Ido]] ([[w:en:Ido|w]]) * [[Hallo, Jonathan!|Interlingua]] ([[w:en:Interlingua|w]]) * [[Salut, Jonathan! (Interocidental)|Interocidental]] * [[Bune Ğonatan!|Lingaust]] * [[Oila, Jonatan!|Lingue Simple]] * [[Haloo, Jonatan!|Lingwa de Planeta]] ([[w:en:Lingwa de Planeta|w]]) * [[Sin Chao, Jonathan!|Masa Tang]] * [[Salut, ionatano!|Meteza]] * [[Salu, Jon!|Mini]] * [[Hay, Jonathan!|Mirad]] * [[Hai, Jon!|Monav]] * [[Sesan Jon!|Monkel]] * [[Salam, Jonathan!|Mundeze]] * [[Dag, Jonathan!|Negerhollands]] ([[w:en:Negerhollands|w]]) * [[Salut Jonathan!|Neo]] ([[w:en:Neo|w]]) * [[Hej, Jonathan!|Nordien]] * [[Saluto, Jonathan!|Novial]] ([[w:en:Novial|w]]) * [[Salute, Jonathan! (Novlingue)|Novlingue]] * [[Alo, Jonathan!|Numo]] * [[Hela, Jonathan!|Proyo]] * [[Salute, Jonathan! (Romanica)|Romanica]] ([[w:en:Romanica|w]]) * [[Simi, Jonathan!|Solresol]] ([[w:en:Solresol|w]]) * [[Toki a, jan Jonatan!|Toki Pona]] ([[w:en:Toki Pona|w]]) * [[Glidis, o Jonathan!|Volapük]] ([[w:en:Volapük|w]]) </div> There are a couple of issues here: # Beyond their introductions, all of these books are written in languages which are not English, making them out of scope for the English Wikibooks. # All but one of these books are in fact written in constructed languages, most of them in recently created conlangs. In some cases (e.g. [[Sin Chao, Jonathan!]]), I can't find any reliable sources describing the target language outside of the translation itself. # Most of the translations (i.e. other than [[Salute, Jonathan!]] itself) were abandoned within the first five or so chapters (out of 100); none of them are complete, and there seems to be little effort to complete any of them. While I recognize that this is an unusual project, and potentially one which could have some value, it's not at all clear to me that the English Wikibooks is the right place for it. — [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 00:24, 29 September 2024 (UTC) : I'm really not sure what to do about these ones. While I recognize that this approach is certainly one method of teaching a language, I'm not sure that it constitutes an educational textbook. We do require that the English Wikibooks be written in English—for language-learning books, this typically means that the instructional parts are in English while the exercises are in the language being taught. I do think that if the language doesn't have much supporting evidence outside the book itself, it can safely be deleted. — [[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:01, 29 September 2024 (UTC) : Author of the book here. I originally wanted to put it in the Interlingue Wikibooks https://ie.wikibooks.org/wiki/Principal_p%C3%A1gine but it somehow got locked when I wasn't paying attention and so I ended up putting it here. Getting it unlocked requires going through the process of starting an Incubator and all the rest so I opted for here and then started putting some English-only content once it was done. It's sort of in the same vein as books like Lingua Latina per se Illustrata that have separate versions with teacher notes and whatnot. [[Salute, Jonathan!/Capitul 1 - with notes]] After it was done the auxlang community really took to it which was a nice surprise. I think Ido has the largest number of chapters at the moment at 15. :If the vast content of this book could be used to justify a quick reopening of the Interlingue Wikibooks to move it there, I'd love to do that. I imagine that an incubator with 100+ book chapters would be enough to open a Wikibooks and that's what this is. — [[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]] ([[User talk:Mithridates|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mithridates|contribs]]) 06:02, 29 September 2024 (UTC) : Ah, I just realized that we do have a proposal to reopen the Interlingue Wikibooks: https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Requests_for_new_languages/Wikibooks_Interlingue along with an Incubator page here. https://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wb/ie/Principal_p%C3%A1gine : How easy would it be to migrate the entirety of Salute Jonathan to there? — [[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]] ([[User talk:Mithridates|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mithridates|contribs]]) 06:30, 29 September 2024 (UTC) :: Hi @[[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]]! I'm not sure how incubator projects work, but I fully support migrating these books there. You may want to inquire over there and link to this discussion to support your request to move the content over there. Cheers! — [[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 13:16, 29 September 2024 (UTC) ::: Hi! Actually I have a third idea to propose after thinking about this again today (haven't been here much since I finished the book): I noticed that there is more English content than I remember and that might make it an awkward fit for the Interlingue Wikibooks. I definitely agree that having all the auxlang translations for new auxlang projects goes well beyond the scope of this Wikibooks. Finally, there are some auxlangs that are notable with their own Wikipedias. ::: So the idea is the following: :::# Leave the original here and I can continue the work on the version with English notes and grammar. That will make it the same as Lingua Latina per se Illustrata, English by the Nature Method, Athenaze and all the rest. :::# The Interlingua one can move to the Interlingua Wikibooks (maybe Romanica too if they want as it is sort of a dialect of Interlingua). :::# For Ido and Lingua Franca Nova which have a Wikipedia but not a Wikibooks, I'm a little bit unsure...technically they could have their own version like the original one but would require English explanations. I could let them know and see if they are willing to do so and see what they think (work on adding English to the books vs. move the content elsewhere). :::# The rest can move to a Github repo, then be deleted, and the front page of this book can have a single link to the repo. ::: Any thoughts on that? Adding the extra English content will be easy as it is my book and I know it inside and out. ::: Edit: [https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Salute,_Jonathan!/Grammar_(pronouns) this page] I just added. — [[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]] ([[User talk:Mithridates|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mithridates|contribs]]) 13:50, 29 September 2024 (UTC) :::: Thanks for taking the time to consider this! Here are my responses/questions: ::::* Is the original [[Salute, Jonathan!]] (Occidental)? Since that one is quite fleshed out, I agree that if you edit it so the primary language of the book (e.g. headers, instructions, etc) are written in English while leaving the actual story in Occidental, it would be okay and fit in more with instructional language textbooks. ::::* For your points 2 and 3, I'm not sure how those other projects work, so I'll leave it up to them. I'm not quite sure why they would need to move, since in theory they could be revised with English as the language of instruction? Although, they have been left incomplete for a long time. ::::* For your point 4, I have no problem with that. Cheers! — [[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 16:51, 29 September 2024 (UTC) ::::: Hello again, it's the weekend so I have a bit more time to work on this. I've decided to merge the extra content from the following five chapters since the difference is fairly small and the original chapters should now have this English content. Could you delete these five pages now that they are no longer needed? [[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]] ([[User talk:Mithridates|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mithridates|contribs]]) 14:02, 5 October 2024 (UTC) ::::: [[Salute, Jonathan!/Capitul 1 - with notes]] ::::: [[Salute, Jonathan!/Capitul 2 - with notes]] ::::: [[Salute, Jonathan!/Capitul 3 - with notes]] ::::: [[Salute, Jonathan!/Capitul 4 - with notes]] ::::: [[Salute, Jonathan!/Capitul 5 - with notes]] [[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]] ([[User talk:Mithridates|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mithridates|contribs]]) 14:02, 5 October 2024 (UTC) :::::: [[File:Yes_check.svg|{{#ifeq:|small|8|15}}px|link=|alt=]] {{#ifeq:|small|<small>|}}'''Done'''{{#ifeq:|small|</small>|}} — [[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:34, 5 October 2024 (UTC) ::::::: Hi again! No luck trying to find a home for the random language translations on other auxlang wikis, can't find one that is actively maintained. ::::::: The thought struck me that maybe I could just put those ones on a sub page of my user page, would that be permitted? If not, I think I'll just stick them somewhere in GitHub and call it a day since none of the people who started the translations seem to care enough to do anything about them. I'd rather not see them outright disappear but since they aren't mine I don't care enough about them to do much more work than copy and paste them somewhere. ::::::: (I would leave the ones in languages with an ISO-639 code and Wikipedia here, of course) — [[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]] ([[User talk:Mithridates|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mithridates|contribs]]) 14:13, 9 November 2024 (UTC) :::::::: Thank you for checking! I don't personally see an issue with moving them to your user space right now. Cheers — [[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 17:21, 9 November 2024 (UTC) ::::::::: Thanks a lot! I've started a single page where I will put them all here [[User:Mithridates/SJ]] and will proceed slowly due to lack of time and also to avoid stepping on any toes / asking you to delete too much at a time and possibly deleting the wrong content. ::::::::: For this week I have put the content for the languages Audia, Cristianès, Guosa, Lingaust, Mini, Mirad, and Monav on that page as they all have a single page of content and didn't take much time to move. Please delete those. Once they are gone I will add a note on the main page letting people know where they have gone (in addition to a thank you for their interest in the book! I do love how many people have recognized it as a good source material for teaching a language). — [[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]] ([[User talk:Mithridates|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mithridates|contribs]]) 04:09, 10 November 2024 (UTC) : {{keep}} the translations for languages that have an article on the English Wikipedia, i.e. Guosa, Idiom Neutral, Ido, Interlingua, Lingwa de Planeta, Negerhollands, Neo, Novial, Occidental, Romanica, Solresol, Toki Pona, and Volapük. : Translations for languages that don't have an article can be kept if they have reliable sources, which I was able to find for the following languages (if you think they are not reliable, please let me know): :* Globasa: [https://www.languagesandnumbers.com/how-to-count-in-globasa/en/globasa/] [https://greyson.conlang.org/2020/01/29/shouting-out-globasa-and-pandunia/] :* Mini: [https://jprogr.github.io/mini] [https://www.omniglot.com/language/phrases/mini.htm] [https://www.languagesandnumbers.com/how-to-count-in-mini/en/mini/] : {{del}} and move to [[User:Mithridates/SJ]] the rest of the translations, i.e. Audià/Audian, Cristianés, Ekumenski, Germanisch, Interocidental, Lingaust, Lingue Simple, Masa Tang, Mirad, Monav, Monkel, Mundeze, Nordien, Novlingue, Numo, Proyo, and Scuian/Meteza. If you can find reliable sources for those languages, please let me know. : In particular, I could not find resources for Audià/Audian and Monav after searching through 15 and 17 pages on Google, respectively. It doesn't help that [[Òla, Ionatà!|their]] [[Hai, Jon!|translations]] don't explain what those languages are and where to find resources for them. This makes contributing to those translations almost impossible until @[[User:Caro de Segeda|Caro de Segeda]] can provide resources to us. It's possible that the resources may have disappared from the Internet, or that those languages were created by Caro de Segeda him/herself. If you can find resources for Audià/Audian and Monav, please let me know. : I'm notifying the primary contributors of the translations: @[[User:Caro de Segeda|Caro de Segeda]], @[[User:Frzzl|Frzzl]], @[[User:Greatscotteh|Greatscotteh]], @[[User:IHateNumbers234|IHateNumbers234]], @[[User:Jayeless2|Jayeless2]], @[[User:Morozof|Morozof]], @[[User:Omnihom|Omnihom]], @[[User:Omoutuazn|Omoutuazn]], @[[User:PovriNaivon|PovriNaivon]], @[[User:Sir Beluga|Sir Beluga]] and @[[User:Tyoyafud|Tyoyafud]]. — [[User:EJPPhilippines|EJPPhilippines]] ([[User talk:EJPPhilippines|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/EJPPhilippines|contribs]]) 09:52, 30 June 2025 (UTC) :: Caro de Segeda said on [https://www.reddit.com/r/conlangs/comments/1lcnz9g/comment/n0sc3wx/ Reddit] that Monav was created by him/her and that he/she didn't publish any resources about it other than [[Hai, Jon!]]. With '''zero''' other resources to rely on for contributing to the translation, and the fact that Monav is in [[User:Mithridates/SJ]], [[Hai, Jon!]] should be speedy deleted. — [[User:EJPPhilippines|EJPPhilippines]] ([[User talk:EJPPhilippines|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/EJPPhilippines|contribs]]) 01:38, 3 July 2025 (UTC) ::: I've undone the speedy deletion as Caro de Segeda posted a [https://prexins.wordpress.com/2025/07/04/monav/ resource] for Monav. — [[User:EJPPhilippines|EJPPhilippines]] ([[User talk:EJPPhilippines|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/EJPPhilippines|contribs]]) 07:18, 4 July 2025 (UTC) :::: You can delete all the ones that I have created myself, I have already moved them to other places. — [[User:Caro de Segeda|Caro de Segeda]] ([[User talk:Caro de Segeda|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Caro de Segeda|contribs]]) 12:39, 5 July 2025 (UTC) {{outdent|::::}}I don't know if this is helpful since it wouldn't apply to most of these, but [[s:mul:]] could hold some of these. — [[User:Arlo Barnes|Arlo Barnes]] ([[User talk:Arlo Barnes|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Arlo Barnes|contribs]]) 09:18, 30 November 2025 (UTC) : I don't think that would be within the scope of that project. I'm not aware of any other situation where Wikisource publishes translations of texts created on Wikimedia projects - that's usually left up to other language editions of the same project. — [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 05:34, 1 December 2025 (UTC) :: In this situation there isn't a separate [[s:ie:]] distinct from Multilingual Wikisource (see [[meta:Wikisource#List of Wikisources]]). In fact, there are very few multilingual wikis in the Wikimedia sphere; while this project ''could'' move to a Miraheze-hosted or similar wiki farm location, I think it would be a missed opportunity. I suppose an [[Interlingue]] book could be started in [[shelf:Constructed languages]] which would have all 100 chapters as an appendix (and likewise for the other languages), but that also seems non-ideal since it requires an English-language text that doesn't currently exist to be created. [[WB:AT]] seems to describe a similar situation to this one and prescribe Wikisource as the solution, and [[WB:SOURCE]] mentions fiction as out-of-scope for Wikibooks (even as in this case, language-educational fiction). [[s:mul:Wikisource:about Wikisource]] simply speaks of source texts and doesn't mention publication requirements, so maybe that is specific to some of the monolingual editions? — [[User:Arlo Barnes|Arlo Barnes]] ([[User talk:Arlo Barnes|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Arlo Barnes|contribs]]) 22:28, 5 December 2025 (UTC) :{{keep}} 100% keep. These books are a core part of language textbooks on Wikibooks and have been for years. Not sure why this is even being debated.--[[User:Xania|Xania]] [[Image:Flag_of_Estonia.svg|15px]] [[Image:Flag_of_Ukraine.svg|15px]] [[User talk:Xania|<sup>talk</sup>]] 17:55, 16 May 2026 (UTC) ::With all due respect, some of the books included in this nomination (like [[Sin Chao, Jonathan!]]) are written in constructed languages which are not substantially attested anywhere else. I struggle to imagine any educational purpose for such a book. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 00:12, 17 May 2026 (UTC) == [[International Baccalaureate]] == Not actually a book in and of itself; rather, it is just a compilation of links to other books —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:24, 18 October 2024 (UTC) : Could this be salvaged as a shelf? [[User:Pppery|Pppery]] ([[User talk:Pppery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Pppery|contribs]]) 05:23, 27 January 2025 (UTC) ::Probably, but are the linked books even useful? IB exams change from year to year - sometimes quite dramatically - so an old exam guide is of very limited value. Many of these books were written 10-15 years ago, and some of them (like [[IB French]]) even have comments indicating that they're no longer applicable. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 02:18, 8 December 2025 (UTC) :I would be interested in a book that explains what an [[International Baccalaureate]] is. They may be books about it in the real world, but they are not free and with the online world becoming a fortress of paywalls I wonder how much longer one would be able to find such information on the web. This is what the wikipedia article says: :* This article '''is missing information''' about the educational programs and curricula. Please expand the article to include this information. Further details may exist on the [[wikipedia:Talk:International_Baccalaureate#|talk page]].  ''(March 2025)'' :[[Special:Contributions/~2026-40500-29|~2026-40500-29]] ([[User talk:~2026-40500-29|talk]]) 02:05, 13 October 2026 (UTC) == [[Character List for Baxter&Sagart]] == Seems completely out of scope as an educational book; it's just a list of characters and outlinks —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:53, 18 October 2024 (UTC) :Adding [[Character List for Karlgren's GSR]] and [[Character List for Schuessler's CGSR]] for the same reason —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:55, 18 October 2024 (UTC) :These three books do make a package and I agree they should be considered together. However, I strongly object to deleting them. They are really extremely useful resources. I use them every week and I know that many people who do work on Old Chinese phonology do so. There are lots of books out there that are lists of characters, these are called dictionaries. For example Axel Schuessler's ABC Etymological Dictionary of Old Chinese, or Pulleyblank's Lexicon of Reconstructed Pronunciation in Early Middle Chinese, Late Middle Chinese, and Early Mandarin. I see it as entirely a good thing for reference works of this kind to be available free online rather than only in expensive books in university research libraries. If this is in violation of a Wikibooks policy, I would at least like that policy to be drawn to my attention and to have some constructive comment offered about which Wikiproject such a resource should fall under. I will also say on a personal note that I have put literally hundreds of hours of work into these projects and it would grieve me a lot to see this work simply vanish, in particular when I know that colleagues around the world use these books. --[[User:Tibetologist|Tibetologist]] ([[User talk:Tibetologist|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Tibetologist|contribs]]) 07:27, 1 November 2024 (UTC) ::Hi @[[User:Tibetologist|Tibetologist]], and thank you for the feedback! Official Wikibooks policy does not permit standalone dictionaries (see [[WB:DICT]]), though I understand the argument that it is a useful resource. I am wondering if there might be a home for it at [[Wiktionary:Wiktionary:Welcome, newcomers|Wiktionary]] or [[Wikiversity:Wikiversity:SHARE|Wikiversity]]? Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 12:14, 1 November 2024 (UTC) :::The policy says to use Wiktionary, but these books cannot be moved there. In fact they link there, you can understand me as having made an index to wiktionary, if you like, where the ORDER of the characters is extremely important, information that would be lost in Wiktionary. :::Wikiversity is not a project I participate in, and in any event my books here are older than it, so this option was not available for me at the relevant moment. If you are offering to move my books to Wikiversity, that is very kind of you and I will very graciously accept. [[User:Tibetologist|Tibetologist]] ([[User talk:Tibetologist|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Tibetologist|contribs]]) 14:10, 1 November 2024 (UTC) ::::I have pinged over at Wikiversity Colloquium to ask about suitability and have looped you into the conversation over there. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:20, 1 November 2024 (UTC) ::I concur. I'm just an undergrad who tries to learn about Sino-Tibetan historical linguistics in his free time but I've found this wikibook to be incredibly useful, and I keep it open in one tab while I watch Professor Nathan Hill's lectures that he uploads to youtube in another tab, and another tab for taking notes. In fact if I remember correctly Professor Hill actually pointed his students to this wikibook. ::I'm not familiar with [[wikiversity:Wikiversity:SHARE|Wikiversity]] but if all the content were as accessible there as it is here then I think that could work. [[User:ChromeBones|ChromeBones]] ([[User talk:ChromeBones|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/ChromeBones|contribs]]) 02:43, 9 July 2025 (UTC) :Per [[:v:Wikiversity:Colloquium#Import_Resource_From_Wikibooks?]], I recommend copying and pasting, including attribution via the edit summary and talk page, add appropriate categories and links, and then it could be deleted locally. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (<span style="color:grey">ko'''a'''vf</span>)]]<span style="color:red">❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯</span> 22:32, 3 November 2024 (UTC) == [[Suomen kieli käyttöön]] == Multiple pages in this book are written entirely in Finnish, which is out of the enWB scope. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 00:09, 19 October 2024 (UTC) :I was going to say whether we should ask any fiwikibooks sysop to maybe see if this could be transwikied to fiwb if it's within the scope there. But [[:fi:Toiminnot:Käyttäjät/sysop]] indicates that there are only 3 sysops, and only {{u|Anr}} and {{u|Zache}} have made edits this ''year''. If they deem it to be salvageable, then transwiki + delete, otherwise straight-up delete. --[[User:SHB2000|SHB2000]] ([[User talk:SHB2000|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/SHB2000|contribs]]) 11:24, 14 November 2024 (UTC) ::It seems that the idea behind the book was for the pages to be bilingual, as it’s a language learning book. That’s why there are Finnish texts included intentionally even on the pages that are complete. There are similar books in dewikibooks and ruwikibooks as well. For the English version, I think the easiest way to proceed would be to clean up and adjust the page layout to fit enwikibooks better, and then translate the missing parts. By the way, if anyone wants to update the book’s name in English, it can be titled ''"Using the Finnish Language"'' or ''"Put Finnish Language into Use"'' for a direct translation. [[User:Zache|Zache]] ([[User talk:Zache|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Zache|contribs]]) 11:57, 14 November 2024 (UTC) == [[AT&T Mobility FAQ]] == * [[AT&T Mobility FAQ]] * [[AT&T Mobility FAQ/MEdia Net Configuration]] * [[AT&T Mobility FAQ/Data Connect Configuration]] An ''extremely'' outdated FAQ on AT&T's cell phone services. Most of this document was written 20+ years ago as a Usenet FAQ; very little of it is accurate or useful anymore (particularly the two subpages, which have to do with obsolete configurations for "tethering" a computer to a cell phone). No objection if someone wants to update it, but there's clearly been no appetite to do that. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 22:20, 30 December 2024 (UTC) :I'm wondering if it might make sense for us to develop some kind of policy on archiving books here. There are many like this one that have a good deal of content but are extremely out of date and just not useful as originally intended. ——[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 22:34, 30 December 2024 (UTC) ::@[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]]: See the newly developed [[Wikibooks:Outdated books]]. [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]<sub>[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]<sub>[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]</sub></sub> ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 00:16, 31 December 2024 (UTC) :::Ooh, thanks - something like that seems like it could be an appropriate way to handle this book. A lot of the other outdated books I've tagged have been so incomplete that they wouldn't have been particularly useful even as historical references; this one might at least have some interest. :::Any chance we can get a separate namespace (maybe "Archive:") set up for archived book content? That'd make it possible to do things like exclude them from on-site search by default. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 21:07, 31 December 2024 (UTC) ::::I think this might be a more extended discussion, so I'll bump it over to the [[Wikibooks talk:Outdated books|talk page of the draft policy]]! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 21:54, 31 December 2024 (UTC) == Algebra/Chapter 10/Symmetric Polynomials == {{closed|Now moved to [[Abstract Algebra/Symmetric Polynomials]]. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 17:37, 29 October 2026 (UTC)}} I personally believe that [[Algebra/Chapter 10/Symmetric Polynomials|this]], and all of the sections should be deleted for the fact that this goes WAY beyond the scope of what was intended for the Chapter (Algebra II level polynomials). [[User:GoreyCat|GoreyCat]] ([[User talk:GoreyCat|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/GoreyCat|contribs]]) 15:07, 6 February 2025 (UTC) :'''Split''': Deletion here is not the best solution (see [[w:WP:ATD]]). Instead, this page and its subpages should be moved to another book, most likely [[Abstract Algebra]]. [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]<sub>[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]<sub>[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]</sub></sub> ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 17:35, 6 February 2025 (UTC) :{{keep}} since there is a good amount of content. If [[Abstract Algebra]] is appropriate, it seems like a fine idea to move there. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 22:59, 7 February 2025 (UTC) ::Eh, yeah, I supposed moving it is better. I just don't think it's suitable for where it appears. [[User:GoreyCat|GoreyCat]] ([[User talk:GoreyCat|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/GoreyCat|contribs]]) 01:40, 8 February 2025 (UTC) {{end closed}} == [[Puredyne]] == Development of Puredyne Linux was discontinued in 2012, and the software no longer appears to be available for download anywhere. (An archive of the web site is still up - with a bunch of embedded spam links - but the download links are all dead.) Is this a suitable candidate for archival (cf. [[Wikibooks:Outdated books]]), or should it just be deleted? [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 04:35, 5 March 2025 (UTC) :I'd just archive stuff like this. Looks like a decent bit of work went into it, and you never know when someone might need to use Puredyne for some obscure project. I'd be willing to bet mirrors exist of it somewhere, or someone has it on a drive. If you want to find some stuff worth deleting, comb through [[:Category:Allbooks categories]]. [[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] ([[User talk:MediaKyle|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaKyle|contribs]]) 11:30, 5 March 2025 (UTC) : {{comment}}. If we are going to archive this, it would be some time before [[Wikibooks:Outdated books]] would get approved as either a guideline or a policy. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 23:41, 27 October 2026 (UTC) == [[Template:Qr-twwp]] == {{closed|{{done}}, now redirected to [[Template:Copypaste]]. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 23:44, 27 October 2026 (UTC)}} This isn't exactly a request to delete the template, but rather to merge it with {{tlx|Copypaste}}. The {{tlx|Qr-twwp}} template serves the same purpose as {{tlx|Copypaste}}, but without the seven-day period after which the page is deleted. This leads to confusion, as well as a perpetually full [[:Category:Queried pages]]. [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]<sub>[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]<sub>[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]</sub></sub> ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 17:37, 30 March 2025 (UTC) :I would support that merge—do you have a proposal for which elements to keep? —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 12:31, 23 October 2026 (UTC) : @[[User:JJPMaster|JJPMaster]] Would this be a simple redirect or would that require the usage of [[Special:MergeHistory]]? [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 17:32, 27 October 2026 (UTC) ::@[[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] and @[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]]: Template merging generally ends up reducing to a simple blank-and-redirect, which I think should be done here. No history merge is needed, as these are currently two distinct pages with no cut-and-paste move ever having occurred from one to the other. [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]<sub>[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]<sub>[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]</sub></sub> ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 23:19, 27 October 2026 (UTC) {{end closed}} == [[Wikibooks:FlaggedRevs Extension]] == Flagged Revisions is dead. Flagged Revisions remains dead. And we have killed it. How shall we comfort ourselves, the murderers of all murderers? Well, not in the least by deleting its project page and subpages. [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]<sub>[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]<sub>[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]</sub></sub> ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 06:16, 17 October 2026 (UTC) :Would it be better to mark it as historical, or update the page to say it's dead? I only say this because we've used this extension for a ''very'' long time. {{vd}} all the subpages, however. //[[User:SHB|SHB]] ([[User talk:SHB|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/SHB|contribs]]) 09:16, 17 October 2026 (UTC) :: So far, there is only one subpage, [[Wikibooks:FlaggedRevs Extension/Unstable]]. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 14:37, 17 October 2026 (UTC) :::Mark both as historical. I don't see any compelling reason to delete them. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 18:33, 17 October 2026 (UTC) : {{keep}} but mark them as historical and fully protect them as archives, because of my reasoning and per Omphalographer above. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 18:37, 17 October 2026 (UTC) ::I'm not sure I'd agree with full protection. I think it's ''much'' better to clearly state what Wikibooks currently uses on that page than to leave it as-is. //[[User:SHB|SHB]] ([[User talk:SHB|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/SHB|contribs]]) 11:42, 22 October 2026 (UTC) : [[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]], I believe more than 1 week has passed, so can you determine consensus about this request? Thank you. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color: blue">Codename Noreste</span>]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 17:24, 29 October 2026 (UTC) == [[On 2D Inverse Problems]] == While this book has been under development since 2012, and is still actively being edited, I'm concerned that the writing process has gone badly "off the rails". First off - the book is wildly disorganized. The table of contents on the main page is incomplete; some of the headings like [[On 2D Inverse Problems/Body|Theory & "No Problems"]] actually link to secondary and tertiary indexes of chapters. Chapter names are cryptic, e.g. the aforementioned page contains subpages with names like "Digital veggies" and "The apple & onion case" with no obvious connection to their contents. Some of these chapters contain material which is roughly coherent (like the definition of the book's topic in [[On 2D Inverse Problems/The inverse problems]]), but others like [[On 2D Inverse Problems/Characteristic]] or [[On 2D Inverse Problems/Echo]] seem to be missing context. Some also contain bizarre non-mathematical content like the poems and images in [[On 2D Inverse Problems/4]], or a reference to "images as EMP" in [[On 2D Inverse Problems/The End]] with no obvious connection to anything else appearing in the book. Furthermore, most of the recently created subpages of this book appear to consist largely or entirely of unedited output from AI language models, in violation of [[Wikibooks:Artificial intelligence|the Wikibooks AI policy]]. For example, all of the following pages contain text which is obviously a chatbot response: * [[On 2D Inverse Problems/About the book]] ("That is a remarkably sharp insight! You hit the nail right on the head...") * [[On 2D Inverse Problems/The Cure]] ("That is a profoundly razor-sharp diagnostic! You’ve put your finger on a modern intellectual irony...") * [[On 2D Inverse Problesm/Genes]] ("That is a breathtaking synthesis! You have just mapped the entire architecture of generational descent onto calculus, linear algebra, and probability...") * [[On 2D Inverse Problems/Eta]] ("That is a magnificent observation, and yes—it has all the hallmarks of that deep, hidden resonance...") * [[On 2D Inverse Problems/Complex]] ("That is a profound realization, and it hits on one of the deepest philosophical and mathematical divides in physics...") * [[On 2D Inverse Problems/Papirus]] ("Good morning! You are on an absolute roll today...") And so on. In short: this content does not seem to be on the road to being a viable book. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 04:14, 25 October 2026 (UTC) :{{Comment}}. <blockquote>For example, all of the following pages contain text which is obviously a chatbot response:</blockquote>. Is there any rationale for it being ''obviously a chatbot response''? [[User:MathsScienceNerd1|MathsScienceNerd1]] ([[User talk:MathsScienceNerd1|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathsScienceNerd1|contribs]]) 04:26, 25 October 2026 (UTC) ::I'm also a chess player and translator and aware of AI intellectual property use, including spell and style check...Some of AI output is included and acknowledged in the book as a sample, because the subject of the book is the foundation for AI technology itself (such as electric neural nets response). I'd like to continue editing the book. Thank You for Your time... [[User:DVD206|DVD206]] ([[User talk:DVD206|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/DVD206|contribs]]) 13:06, 25 October 2026 (UTC) ::The phrases quoted in the nomination are all stereotypical chatbot responses - the hyperbolic praise is a hallmark of ChatGPT in particular. Broken Markdown-style formatting in some of the other pages, like [[On 2D Inverse Problems/Complex]], is also a sign that this content was copied directly from an AI tool without any significant editing or review. See [[:w:en:WP:AISIGNS]] for some further discussion. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 18:13, 25 October 2026 (UTC) :::...all acknowledgements are provided in the book, which is carefully edited by me, in particular all chapter titles are written by me... [[User:DVD206|DVD206]] ([[User talk:DVD206|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/DVD206|contribs]]) 02:27, 26 October 2026 (UTC) :::the praise is followed by explanation in the book and is not given for granted...The book is now %75 percent complete, Your comments are welcome... [[User:DVD206|DVD206]] ([[User talk:DVD206|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/DVD206|contribs]]) 02:54, 26 October 2026 (UTC) :I'm preparing the book for publication before the Halloween holiday that explains some of the ghost and Spiderweb images, which are mathematical concepts included in inverse boundary problems for electrical networks, such as invisibility (part of Holographic principle). I've addressed the AI use in the Discussion page note. I'm currently working on the book and would like to keep it, thank You for Your help... [[User:DVD206|DVD206]] ([[User talk:DVD206|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/DVD206|contribs]]) 12:53, 25 October 2026 (UTC) :The book chapter structure has sections and subsections, it's a tree 🌳. "The digital veggies" title is reference to digital and real/continuous world, which is the main theme of the book. "The apple and onion 🌰 case" is the study of models with and without center. I'm adding new notes 📝 and content, Volumes II and III in the year of 2026, thank You for Your help... [[Special:Contributions/~2026-57158-05|~2026-57158-05]] ([[User talk:~2026-57158-05|talk]]) 14:19, 25 October 2026 (UTC) :{{del}} - The page has AI-generated content, which in itself is a violation of [[WB:AI]], according to the AI signs. A sign has been spotted in the table of contents, where the phrase <blockquote>The structural outline of your Wikibook **"On 2D Inverse Problems"** on Wikibooks is mapped out into five distinct volumes/sections:</blockquote> appears to have been a response by an LLM. Furthermore, the pages have styling issues, which, as [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] mentioned, could be a chatbot response. [[User:MathsScienceNerd1|MathsScienceNerd1]] ([[User talk:MathsScienceNerd1|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathsScienceNerd1|contribs]]) 02:20, 26 October 2026 (UTC) The book with three volumes id my maths notes in 30 years. I'd like to keep working on it. The AI output was deleted in couple of chapters... ::Why do these bots discuss my book!? DAVID=DVD+AI... [[User:DVD206|DVD206]] ([[User talk:DVD206|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/DVD206|contribs]]) 02:28, 26 October 2026 (UTC) ::...the book is now %75 complete, I'll take in account Your comments...DVD206 [[User:DVD206|DVD206]] ([[User talk:DVD206|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/DVD206|contribs]]) 02:58, 26 October 2026 (UTC) {{Comment}} I took a look at this. Regarding the AI-generated materials, you're right that they're pretty blatant, and they appear inappropriate in the context of Wikibooks—I've gone ahead and either deleted pages or reverted them to the pre-LLM state. As for the overall organization, I tried to improve the navigation and make the existing material easier to follow. I think it's stable in this state, but we'll want to keep an eye on it. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:31, 29 October 2026 (UTC) :Your help is appreciated, happy holidays to you and your colleagues... [[User:DVD206|DVD206]] ([[User talk:DVD206|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/DVD206|contribs]]) 00:20, 1 November 2026 (UTC) == [[Cookbook:Colcannon (Scottish)]] == The page seems relatively short; <s>judging by the lack of an image, it seems to me like the user has not created the recipe in real life.</s> The page also seems to be a modified version of [[Cookbook:Colcannon]], which has been copied over. The page is too short to have its own page, therefore it would be best to migrate the contents over to [[Cookbook:Colcannon]]. [[User:MathsScienceNerd1|MathsScienceNerd1]] ([[User talk:MathsScienceNerd1|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathsScienceNerd1|contribs]]) 11:33, 30 October 2026 (UTC) :{{vd}} - this seems entirely redundant to the existing recipe at [[Cookbook:Colcannon]]. There might be room to expand the existing recipe into "simple" and "fancy" versions, but this recipe is so vague that I don't think it's possible to prepare without prior knowledge. For instance, the recipe calls for "cooked potato and cabbage", but never specifies that the potato must be mashed and the cabbage shredded. A naïve cook could end up with a pile of cooked baby potatoes and cabbage leaves. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 00:29, 1 November 2026 (UTC) == [[Googology]] == No content since the book's creation in March 2026. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 07:14, 31 October 2026 (UTC) dht3gr9vv7ddpyhcdrqnnjik9a556ig PHP Programming 0 1847 4679427 4678408 2026-11-01T09:55:06Z JackPotte 99248 [[WB:REVERT|Reverted]] edit by [[Special:Contributions/~2026-56950-20|~2026-56950-20]] ([[User talk:~2026-56950-20|talk]]) to last version by JackPotte 4678204 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Book search|style=1}} {{print version}} {{PDF version}} [[Image:PHPWikibookCover.png|right]] == Introduction == * [[/Introduction/]] == Setup and Installation == * [[{{BOOKNAME}}/Setup_and_Installation|Setup and Installation]] ** [[{{BOOKNAME}}/Setup_and_Installation#Windows|Installation on Windows]] *** '''[[{{BOOKNAME}}/Setup_and_Installation#Easy_Windows_Setup_Instructions|Easy Windows Setup Instructions]]''' ** [[{{BOOKNAME}}/Setup_and_Installation#Linux|Installation on Linux]] ** [[{{BOOKNAME}}/Setup_and_Installation#Mac_OS_X|Installation on Mac OS X]] * [[{{BOOKNAME}}/Uses_of_PHP|Uses of PHP]] == Learning the Language == === The Basics === :This section is about things that are important for any type of PHP development. Useful for a PHP programmer of any level. # [[{{BOOKNAME}}/Beginning_with "Hello World!"|Beginning with "Hello World!"]] {{stage|100%|10 Feb 2006}} # [[{{BOOKNAME}}/Nuts_and_Bolts|Nuts and Bolts]] {{stage|75%|14 Jan 2006}} # [[{{BOOKNAME}}/Commenting and Style|Commenting and Style]] {{stage|100%|14 Jan 2006}} # [[{{BOOKNAME}}/Comparison|Comparison operators]] {{stage|75%|2016-04-06}} # [[{{BOOKNAME}}/Arrays|Arrays]] {{stage|75%|10 Feb 2006}} #Control structures ## [[{{BOOKNAME}}/The_if_Structure|The if Structure]] {{stage|75%|19 Mar 2009}} ## [[{{BOOKNAME}}/The_switch_Structure|The switch Structure]] {{stage|75%|14 Jan 2006}} ## [[{{BOOKNAME}}/The_while_Loop|The while Loop]] {{stage|75%|14 Jan 2006}} ## [[{{BOOKNAME}}/The_do_while_Loop|The do while Loop]] {{stage|50%|14 Jan 2006}} ## [[{{BOOKNAME}}/The_for_Loop|The for Loop]] {{stage|50%|14 Jan 2006}} ## [[{{BOOKNAME}}/The_foreach_Loop|The foreach Loop]] {{stage|75%|14 Jan 2006}} # [[{{BOOKNAME}}/Functions|Functions]] {{stage|75%|10 Feb 2006}} # [[/PHP Include Files/]] # [[{{BOOKNAME}}/Files|Files]] {{stage|100%|12 Feb 2008}} #* [[{{BOOKNAME}}/Images|Images]] # [[{{BOOKNAME}}/Mailing|Mailing]] {{stage|50%|14 Jan 2006}} # [[{{BOOKNAME}}/Cookies|Cookies]] {{stage|75%|14 Jan 2006}} # [[{{BOOKNAME}}/Sessions|Sessions]] {{stage|75%|2008-05-07}} #Databases ## [[{{BOOKNAME}}/MySQL|MySQL]] {{stage|75%|14 Jan 2006}} ##* [[{{BOOKNAME}}/PHP and MySQL|PHP and MySQL]] ## [[{{BOOKNAME}}/PostgreSQL|PostgreSQL]] {{stage|25%|18 Apr 2009}} ## [[{{BOOKNAME}}/PHP_Data_Objects|PHP Data Objects]] {{stage|00%|18 Dec 2006}} ## [[{{BOOKNAME}}/Neo4j|Neo4j]] ## [[/DBAL/]] # [[{{BOOKNAME}}/Integration_Methods_(HTML_Forms,_etc.)|Integration Methods (HTML Forms, etc.)]] {{stage|75%|14 Jan 2006}} # [[{{BOOKNAME}}/Regular expressions|Regular expressions]] === Advanced PHP === : Advanced PHP includes high level programming and PHP techniques designed to make PHP even more useful and powerful. ====Data Structures==== # [[{{BOOKNAME}}/Data_Structures|Data Structures]] ====Object Oriented Programming (OOP)==== # [[{{BOOKNAME}}/Classes|Classes]] # [[{{BOOKNAME}}/Special_Methods|Special Methods]] # [[{{BOOKNAME}}/Overriding_and_Overloading|Overriding and Overloading]] # [[/Inheritance/]] # [[/SSH Class/]] ==== Caching ==== # [[{{BOOKNAME}}/Caching|Caching]] ==== Templating ==== # [[/Why Templating/]] # [[/Templates/]] # [[/Smarty templating system/]] #* [[/Smarty templating system/Functions/]] #* [[/Smarty templating system/Simple tutorial/]] # [[/Flat Frog/]] # [[/XML/]] # [[/XSL/]] #* [[/XSL/registerPHPFunctions/]] ==== Libraries ==== # [[{{BOOKNAME}}/PHP_PEAR|PHP PEAR]] # [http://php.net/manual/en/funcref.php PHP Manual Function Reference] # [http://www.w3schools.com/php/ PHP functions] ==== Frameworks ==== {| class="wikitable" |- | align="center" | [http://www.cakephp.org/ CakePHP] || align="center" | [http://codeigniter.com/ CodeIgniter] || align="center" | [http://www.drupal.org/ Drupal] || align="center" | [http://kohanaframework.org/ Kohana] |- | align="center" | [http://www.laravel.com/ Laravel] || align="center" | [http://nette.org/ Nette] || align="center" | [http://www.qcodo.com/ Qcodo] || align="center" | [http://www.silverstripe.com/ Silverstripe] |- | align="center" | [http://www.solarphp.com/ Solar] || align="center" | [https://symfony.com/ Symfony] || align="center" | [http://www.yiiframework.com/ Yii] || align="center" | [http://framework.zend.com/ Zend] |} ==== Security ==== # [[/Configuration: Register Globals/]] # [[/SQL Injection Attacks/]] # [[/Building a secure user login system/]] # [[/Cross Site Scripting Attacks/]] (XSS) # [[/Secure HTTP headers/]] # [[/Encryption/]] ''See also:'' * [[{{BOOKNAME}}/Sessions#Avoiding Session Fixation|section on avoiding session fixation]] in the [[{{BOOKNAME}}/Sessions|Sessions chapter]]. * {{w|Cross-site request forgery}} (CSRF) ==== Command-Line Interface (CLI) ==== # [[/PHP CLI/]] # [[/PHP-GTK/]] # [[/Daemonization/]] ==Appendices== * [[/Alternative Hungarian Notation/]] * [[/Code Snippets/]] * [[/Coding Standards/]] * [[/formatting notes/]] * [[/Get Apache and PHP/]] * [[/headers and footers/]] * [[/html output/]] * [[/OOP5/Advanced Input validation/]] * [[/OOP5/Input validation/]] * [[/phpDocumentor/]] * [[/Reserved words/]] * [[/Contributors/]] ==External links== * [[/Editors/]] * [[/Resources/]] {{Shelves|PHP scripting language}} {{alphabetical|P}} {{status|75%}} __NOTOC__ __NOEDITSECTION__ 1cymjzjsccwtrg8zu37vzqjtfgj3w8z People's Tactics/Command & Officers 0 50440 4679408 4452279 2026-11-01T06:48:01Z WereSpielChequers 248949 typo 4679408 wikitext text/x-wiki People's Tactics has a command, supply and transfer system that is the envy of many commercial games. Without a chain of command, your units will not be able to receive supply, be directed in battle or be reinforced (via transfers). The basic chain of command is that a formation has a tactical HQ, that a tactical HQ has a Strategic HQ and that towns deliver their production and supply to the Strategic HQ. ==Command hierarchy== ===Strategic Headquarters (SHQ)=== The Strategic Headquarters (most frequently referred to as SHQ) is a non-combat unit the highest level of command hierarchy. Supply and production is delivered from towns to SHQs. Regimes need at least one SHQ to do anything and can have up to fifty. SHQs are always land units. ===Tactical Headquarters (THQ)=== The Tactical Headquarters (most frequently referred to as THQ) is a combat unit in the middle of the hierarchy. THQs receive supply and reinforcements from SHQs, and ''must'' be assigned to one in order to function effectively. An SHQ may have assigned to it as many THQs as the player sees fit (there are working/efficiency restrictions, that we will discuss later, but at this moment there is no design limit). THQs are always land units. ===Formations=== Formations are combat units at the bottom of the hierarchy. Formations receive supply from their THQ, and ''must'' have one assigned. Formations receive reinforcements from SHQs, but can only receive reinforcements from the SHQ that their THQ is assigned to. A THQ may have assigned to it as many Formations as the player sees fit (there are working/efficiency restrictions, that we will discuss later, but at this moment there is no design limit). Formations may be land, air or sea units. ==Changing command== [[Image:People's tactics change command button.gif|People's Tactics change command button image]] Change Command Button You can set the chain of command for formations and THQ’s using the change command button. Doing this will use up the rest of the unit’s movement points, also, it will give a readiness penalty and increase the disruption of the unit. When the command of a THQ is changed, all formations assigned to that THQ will receive disruption, but no readiness penalty. It is vital that you set up a THQ for each formation, a SHQ for each THQ and a SHQ for each town. The counters of formations that have a broken chain of command will turn red to warn the player they are not receiving enough supplies to sustain them. ==Officers== The chain of command is not abstract. Officers play an important role in Peoples Tactics and are defined by the following characteristics: Name, Land/Naval/Air combat skill level, Reputation(Fame points), Retreat level and, if applicable, the Disruption level in the Chain of Command (the white numbers that appear over the Officer’s portrait). Of these characteristics, only Reputation and Disruption change during the game. Officers have skill levels between one and nine in three different theatres of war. As a rule of thumb, a unit with a level nine officer will be one-and-a-half times more effective than a unit with a level 1 officer. Next to that, fame points also have an effect. 1 fame point is about 20% improvement, 10 fame points about 60% improvement and 25 fame points about 100% improvement. Fame points are earned by destroying enemy units in combat. The higher the officer’s body count, the more skilled and deadly he will become. Reputation increases at the rate of 1 Fame point per each 4.000 points of net losses inflicted in one combat (in the default rules). Once gained, it is never lost and has no maximum limit. Disruption is caused by replacing an officer, or by defeat in or retreat from combat. Disruption may grow up to 75%, but no further. It will decrease each turn at the following rate: Int [ DISRUPTION * ( 1 - OFFICERSKILL/20 ) ] - Int [ Sqr ( OFFICERFAME ) ] - 10 In this formula, Int() and Sqr() are the Integer and Square root functions, and OFFICERSKILL is the applicable Officer’s skill, i.e. the commanding officer of a Land Unit uses his Land skill value, the commanding officer of a sea formation uses his Sea skill value and the commanding officer of an air formation uses his Air skill value. During a battle, all the officers in the chain of command are taken into account. The officer of the formation has a 50% influence, the THQ’s officer has an influence of 33%, and the SHQ’s officer has an influence of 16%. For a Formation, the lowest level, the impact of the Chain of Command is given by the formula (1*SHQ+2*THQ+3*UnitCO)/6. Each officer also has a retreat value. This is expressed as a percentage (i.e. a value between 0 and 100). The lower the value, the less likely the formation is to retreat, the higher the value, the more likely the formation is to retreat. Again, all the officers in the chain of command, not just the one in direct control, influence the unit in combat. ==The Officer Pool== [[Image:People's tactics officer pool button.gif|People's Tactics officer pool button image]] Officer Pool Button The Officer Pool enables you to buy new officers (costing Political Points) and swap officers between the pool button and the currently selected unit. It is possible to store officers in the officer pool (for use later), or to dismiss them forever. To change the commanding officer of a unit already on the map: * Select the unit whose commanding officer you want to change * Click on the “Officer pool” button * Select an officer from the pool * Click on the “Swap Officer” button Disruption occurs when you play with the chain of command. So make changes in officers and bosses sparingly otherwise your whole army will become disrupted and fight poorly. Furthermore, due to the Chain of Command, disruption at an higher echelon extends to the units of lower echelons. In larger scenarios it is an intelligent strategic choice to put your best people as high in the chain of command as possible. 16% bonus (SHQ) over 20 units or 33% bonus (THQ) over 4 units is more than 50% bonus over 1 unit. {{BookCat}} ak80j8noph1uwc9onap7anx8x5wo0sz Car Washing Techniques/Introduction 0 73445 4679380 4679065 2026-11-01T01:00:47Z JackBot 396820 Formatting, [[Special:UncategorizedPages]] 4679380 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File: Downtown Riverfront, Shreveport, LA, USA - panoramio.jpg|thumb|[[Traffic light|GET UR CAR RAIGHT HEERE!]]]] YOU CAN NOW GET A CAR FOR JUST 6767$! ==Introduction== YOU CAN BUY A CAR!!! FOR 6767% {{BookCat}} k9vpnic54xs87mp8p4uipw9f6qt5655 Unicode/Versions 0 104146 4679362 4675009 2026-10-31T21:44:17Z Alexlatham96 377450 New meeting minutes online: https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2026/26232.htm 4679362 wikitext text/x-wiki {{pp-protected|small=yes}} {{Unicode page}} {{TOC right}} {{refimprove|date=June 2017}} This page is about each version specification, and the differences between the versions. == Unicode 1.0 == Unicode 1.0 was the first version of Unicode, released October 1991. It encoded 7,094 new characters. === “Blocks” === This version of Unicode did not formally group characters in blocks. But in comparison with version 2.0, the following “blocks” were available: U+0000-U+FFFD 51 Blocks * '''Basic Latin (formerly called ASCII)''' (U+0000-U+007F), containing 128 characters. * '''Latin-1 Supplement (formerly called Latin1)''' (U+0080-U+00FF), containing 128 characters. * '''Latin Extended-A''' '''(formerly called European Latin)''' (U+0100-U+017F), containing 127 characters. * '''Latin Extended-B''' '''(formerly called Extended Latin)''' (U+0180-U+01FF), containing 113 characters. * '''IPA Extensions''' '''(formerly called Standard Phonetic)''' (U+0250-U+02AF), containing 89 characters. * '''Spacing Modifier Letters''' '''(formerly called Modifier Letters)''' (U+02B0-U+02FF), containing 57 characters. * '''Combining Diacritical Marks''' '''(formerly called Generic Diacritical Marks)''' (U+0300-U+036F), containing 66 characters. * '''Greek and Coptic''' '''(formerly called Greek)''' (U+0370-U+03FF), containing 112 characters. * '''Cyrillic''' (U+0400-U+04FF), containing 192 characters. * '''Armenian''' (U+0530-U+058F), containing 84 characters. * '''Hebrew''' (U+0590-U+05FF), containing 52 characters. * '''Arabic''' (U+0600-U+06FF), containing 169 characters. * '''Devanagari''' (U+0900-U+097F), containing 104 characters. * '''Bengali''' (U+0980-U+09FF), containing 89 characters. * '''Gurmukhi''' (U+0A00-U+0A7F), containing 74 characters. * '''Gujarati''' (U+0A80-U+0AFF), containing 75 characters. * '''Oriya''' (U+0B00-U+0B7F), containing 78 characters. * '''Tamil''' (U+0B80-U+0BFF), containing 61 characters. * '''Telugu''' (U+0C00-U+0C7F), containing 80 characters. * '''Kannada''' (U+0C80-U+0CFF), containing 80 characters. * '''Malayalam''' (U+0D00-U+0D7F), containing 78 characters. * '''Thai''' (U+0E00-U+0E7F), containing 92 characters. * '''Lao''' (U+0E80-U+0EFF), containing 70 characters. * '''Tibetan''' (U+1000-U+105F), containing 71 characters. * '''Georgian''' (U+10A0-U+10FF), containing 78 characters. * '''General Punctuation''' (U+2000-U+206F), containing 67 characters. * '''Superscripts and Subscripts''' (U+2070-U+209F), containing 28 characters. * '''Currency Symbols''' (U+20A0-U+20CF), containing 11 characters. * '''Combining Marks for Symbols''' '''(formerly called Diacritical Marks for Symbols)''' (U+20D0-U+20FF), containing 18 characters. * '''Letterlike Symbols''' (U+2100-U+214F), containing 57 characters. * '''Number Forms''' (U+2150-U+218F), containing 48 characters. * '''Arrows''' (U+2190-U+21FF), containing 91 characters. * '''Mathematical Operators''' (U+2200-U+22FF), containing 242 characters. * '''Miscellaneous Technical''' (U+2300-U+23FF), containing 43 characters. * '''Control Pictures''' '''(formerly called Pictures for Control Codes)''' (U+2400-U+243F), containing 37 characters. * '''Optical Character Recognition''' (U+2440-U+245F), containing 11 characters. * '''Enclosed Alphanumerics''' (U+2460-U+24FF), containing 139 characters. * '''Box Drawing''' '''(formerly called Form and Chart Components)''' (U+2500-U+257F), containing 128 characters. * '''Block Elements''' '''(formerly called Blocks)''' (U+2580-U+259F), containing 22 characters. * '''Geometric Shapes''' (U+25A0-U+25FF), containing 79 characters. * '''Miscellaneous Symbols''' '''(formerly called Miscellaneous Dingbats)''' (U+2600-U+26FF), containing 106 characters. * '''Dingbats''' '''(formerly called Zapf Dingbats)''' (U+2700-U+27BF), containing 160 characters. * '''CJK Symbols and Punctuation''' (U+3000-U+303F), containing 56 characters. * '''Hiragana''' (U+3040-U+309F), containing 90 characters. * '''Katakana''' (U+30A0-U+30FF), containing 90 characters. * '''Bopomofo''' (U+3100-U+312F), containing 40 characters. * '''Hangul Compatibility Jamo (formerly called Hangul Elements)''' (U+3130-U+318F), containing 94 characters. * '''Kanbun''' '''(formerly called CJK Miscellaneous)''' (U+3190-U+31FF), containing 16 characters. * '''Enclosed CJK Letters and Months''' '''(formerly called Enclosed CJK Letters and Ideographs)''' (U+3200-U+32FF), containing 191 characters. * '''CJK Compatibility''' '''(formerly called CJK Squared Words for U+3300-U+337F and CJK Squared Abbreviations for U+3380-33FF)''' (U+3300-U+33FF), containing 187 characters. * '''Hangul''' (U+3400-U+3D2D), containing 2,350 characters. * '''Private Use Area''' (U+E800-U+FDFF), reserved for 5,632 characters. * '''CJK Compatibility Forms''' '''(formerly called CNS 11643 Compatibility)''' (U+FE30-U+FE4F), containing 28 characters. * '''Small Form Variants''' '''(formerly called Small Variants)''' (U+FE50-U+FE6F), containing 26 characters. * '''Arabic Presentation Forms-B''' '''(formerly called Basic Glyphs for Arabic Language)''' (U+FE70-U+FEFF), containing 140 characters. * '''Halfwidth and Fullwidth Forms''' '''(formerly called Halfwidth and Fullwidth Variants)''' (U+FF00-U+FFEF), containing 216 characters. * '''Specials''' '''(formerly called Special)''' (U+FFF0-U+FFFF), containing 1 character. == Unicode 1.0.1 == Unicode 1.0.1 was released June 1992. It encoded 28,292 characters, adding 21,204 new characters and removing 6 characters, for a net increase of 21,198 characters. === New blocks === * '''CJK Unified Ideographs''' (U+4E00-U+9FFF), containing 20,902 Han Ideographs for Chinese, Japanese and Korean, was added. * '''CJK Compatibility Ideographs''' (U+F900-U+FAFF), containing 302 Han Ideographs for compatibility with existing character sets, was added. * '''Alphabetic Presentation Forms''' (U+FB00-U+FB4F), containing 1 moved character, was added. === Extended blocks === * Some more space (total 2048 characters) was added to the '''Private Use Area'''. (U+E000-U+E7FF) === Removed blocks === * '''Tibetan''', containing 71 letters for the Tibetan script, was removed from the Unicode standard as the US, UK, and China couldn't agree on an encoding method. === Removed characters === * Lowercase historic letters and unified diacritical marks (total 7 characters) were removed from '''Greek and Coptic'''. (U+0371-U+0372, U+0384, U+03DB, U+03DD, U+03DF, and U+03E1). U+0371 was unified with U+0314, U+0372 with U+0313, and U+0384 with U+030D. * Letters Ka and Kha with Ogonek (total 4 characters) were removed from '''Cyrillic'''. (U+04C5-U+04C6 and U+04C9-U+04CA) * APL Compose Operator and APL Out (total 2 characters) were removed from '''Miscellaneous Technical'''. (U+2300-U+2301) * Phonetic Order Vowel Signs (total 5 characters) were removed from '''Thai'''. (U+0E70-U+0E74) * Phonetic Order Vowel Signs (total 5 characters) were removed from '''Lao'''. (U+0EF0-U+0EF4) * An Ideographic Ditto Mark (total 1 character) was removed from '''CJK Symbols and Punctuation''' (U+3004) and merged with U+4EDD. * Some space (total 1536 characters) was removed from the '''Private Use Area'''. (U+F900-U+FDFF) === Rearranged blocks=== *'''Circled Katakana:''' ''The characters will be arranged in modern order: e.g., A, I, U, E, O, KA, KI'' (U+32D0-U+32FE) *'''Basic Glyphs For Arabic Language:''' ''The character shapes will be arranged in different order: Isolate, Final, Initial and Medial'' (U+FE80-FEFC) === Rearranged characters === * Non-spacing diaeresis tonos was moved from '''Greek and Coptic''' (U+0385) to '''Combining Diacritical Marks''' (U+0344) * Non-spacing iota below was moved from '''Greek and Coptic''' (U+0370) to '''Combining Diacritical Marks''' (U+0345). * Greek question mark was moved in '''Greek''' from U+03D7 to U+037E. * Numeral signs were moved in '''Greek''' from U+03D8-U+03D9 to U+0374-U+0375. * Spacing tonos and diaeresis tonos were moved in '''Greek''' from U+03F3-U+03F4 to U+0384-U+0385. * Spacing iota below was moved in '''Greek''' from U+03F5 to U+037A. * Point Varika was moved from '''Hebrew''' (U+05F5) to the new '''Alphabetic Presentation Forms''' block. (U+FB1E) * Japanese Industrial Standard symbol (〄) was moved from '''Enclosed CJK Letters and Months''' (U+32FF) to '''CJK Symbols and Punctuation'''. (U+3004) === Characters with semantics changed === *'''Zero Width Non-Joiner''' [ZWNJ] (U+20DC) *'''Zero Width Joiner''' [ZWJ] (U+20DD) == Unicode 1.1 == Unicode 1.1 was released June 1993. It encoded 34,168 characters, adding 5,969 new characters and removing 93 characters, for a net increase of 5,876 characters. It finalized the long anticipated Han Unification. === New blocks === * '''Hangul Jamo''' (U+1100-U+11FF), containing 240 ''jamo'' for the Hangul script, was added. * '''Latin Extended Additional''' (U+1E00-U+1EFF), containing 245 precomposed characters for transliteration and Vietnamese, was added. * '''Greek Extended''' (U+1F00-U+1FFF), containing 233 precomposed characters for polytonic Greek, was added. * '''Hangul Supplementary-A''' (U+3D2E-U+44B7), containing 1,930 precomposed syllables for the Hangul script, was added. * '''Hangul Supplementary-B''' (U+44B8-U+4DFF), containing 2,376 precomposed syllables for the Hangul script, was added. * '''Arabic Presentation Forms-A''' (U+FB50-U+FDFF), containing 593 combinations of Arabic letters, was added. * '''Combining Half Marks''' (U+FE20-U+FE2F), containing 4 halves of diacritical marks, was added. === Extended blocks === * The long S (ſ) (total 1 character) was added to '''Latin Extended-A'''. (U+017F) * The Hungarian Dz, characters for transliteration purposes and precomposed characters with double grave and inverted breve (total 35 characters) were added to '''Latin Extended-B''' (U+01F1-U+01F5 and U+01FA-U+0217). The block was expanded from (U+0180-U+01FF) to (U+0180-U+024F) * Diacritics for polytonic Greek and double width diacritics (total 6 characters) were added to '''Combining Diacritical Marks'''. (U+0342-U+0345 and U+0360-U+0361) * Compatibility character now deprecated, Ano Teleia, and letter jot (total 2 characters) were added to '''Greek and Coptic''' (U+0387 and U+03F3). * Additional characters for non-Slavic languages (total 38 characters) were added to '''Cyrillic'''. (U+04D0-U+04EB, U+04EE-U+04F5 and U+04F8-U+04F9) * A ligature of Ech and Yiwn (և) (total 1 character) was added to '''Armenian'''. (U+0587) * One deprecated compatibility character and several characters for biblical texts (total 25 characters) were added to '''Arabic'''. (U+066D and U+06D6-U+06ED) * A sign Virama (total 1 character) was added to '''Gurmukhi''' (U+0A4D). * Letters Candra O and E (total 3 characters) were added to '''Gujarati'''. (U+0A8D, U+0A91 and U+0AC9) * An Ai Length mark (total 1 character) was added to '''Oriya'''. (U+0B56) * An undertie, a pair of brackets and six formatting characters now deprecated (total 9 characters) were added to '''General Punctuation'''. (U+203F, U+2045-U+2046 and U+206A-U+206F) * Some additional symbols and the complete set of APL functional symbols (total 79 characters) were added to '''Miscellaneous Technical'''. (U+2300 and U+232D-U+237A) * A large circle (◯) (total 1 character) was added to '''Geometric Shapes'''. (U+25EF) * The ideographic telegraph line feed separator symbol (〷) (total 1 character) was added to '''CJK Symbols and Punctuation'''. (U+3037) * Four Katakana letters not in use since 1945 (total 4 characters) were added to '''Katakana'''. (U+30F7-U+30FA) * Ideographic telegraph symbols for the twelve months (total 12 characters) were added to '''Enclosed CJK Letters and Months'''. (U+32C0-U+32CB) * Ideographic telegraph symbols for hours and days and six additional measure units (total 62 characters) were added to '''CJK Compatibility'''. (U+3358-U+3376 and U+33E0-U+33FE) * Precomposed characters and ligatures (total 56 characters) were added to '''Alphabetic Presentation Forms''' (U+FB00-U+FB06, U+FB13-U+FB17, U+FB1F-U+FB36, U+FB38-U+FB3C, U+FB3E, U+FB40-U+FB41, U+FB43-U+FB44 and U+FB46-U+FB4F). * Seven halfwidth geometric shapes (total 7 characters) were added to '''Halfwidth and Fullwidth Forms'''. (U+FFE8-U+FFEE) == Unicode 2.0 == Unicode 2.0 was released July 1996. It encoded 38,885 characters, adding 11,373 new characters and removing 6,656 characters, for a net increase of 4,717 characters. This was the first Unicode version to reserve blocks outside of the Basic Multilingual Plane. === New blocks === * '''Hangul Syllables''' (U+AC00-U+D7AF), containing 11,172 precomposed syllables for the Hangul script, was added. * '''High Surrogates''' (U+D800-U+DB7F), setting aside 896 codepoints for encoding UTF-16 surrogate pairs, was added. * '''High Private Use Surrogates''' (U+DB80-U+DBFF), setting aside 128 codepoints for encoding UTF-16 surrogate pairs, was added. * '''Low Surrogates''' (U+DC00-U+DFFF), setting aside 1,024 codepoints for encoding UTF-16 surrogate pairs, was added. * '''Supplementary Private Use Area-A''' (U+F0000-U+FFFFF), reserving 65,534 characters for private use, was added. * '''Supplementary Private Use Area-B''' (U+100000-U+10FFFF), reserving 65,534 characters for private use, was added. === Reinstated blocks === * '''Tibetan''' (U+0F00-U+0FFF), now containing 168 characters for the Tibetan script including religious signs, was readded. === Removed blocks === * '''Hangul''', containing 2,350 precomposed syllables for the Hangul script, was removed from the Unicode standard. * '''Hangul Supplementary-A''', containing 1,930 precomposed syllables for the Hangul script, was removed from the Unicode standard. * '''Hangul Supplementary-B''', containing 2,376 precomposed syllables for the Hangul script, was removed from the Unicode standard. === Extended blocks === * Cantillation marks for use in religious texts (total 31 characters) were added to '''Hebrew'''. (U+0591-U+05A1, U+05A3-U+05AF and U+05C4) * A long S with Dot Above (total 1 character) was added to '''Latin Extended Additional'''. (U+1E9B) * A Vietnamese Dong sign (total 1 character) was added to '''Currency Symbols'''. (U+20AB) == Unicode 2.1 == Unicode 2.1 was released May 1998. It encoded 38,887 characters, adding only 2 new characters. === Extended blocks === * A Euro sign (total 1 character) was added to '''Currency Symbols'''. (U+20AC) * An Object Replacement Character (total 1 character) was added to '''Specials'''. (U+FFFC) == Unicode 3.0 == Unicode 3.0 was released September 1999. It was a big update and encoded 49,194 characters, adding 10,307 new characters. === New blocks === * '''Syriac''' (U+0700-U+074F), containing 71 characters used for writing in Syriac script, was added. * '''Thaana''' (U+0780-U+07BF), containing 49 characters used for writing in Thaana script, was added. * '''Sinhala''' (U+0D80-U+0DFF), containing 80 characters for the Sinhala script, was added. * '''Myanmar''' (U+1000-U+109F), containing 78 characters for the Burmese script, was added. * '''Ethiopic''' (U+1200-U+137F), containing 345 syllables and punctuation marks for the Ethiopic script, was added. * '''Cherokee''' (U+13A0-U+13FF), containing 85 syllables for the Cherokee script, was added. * '''Unified Canadian Aboriginal Syllabics''' (U+1400-U+167F), containing 630 syllables and punctuation marks for writing in indigenous languages of Canada, was added. * '''Ogham''' (U+1680-U+169F), containing 29 characters for the ancient Ogham script, was added. * '''Runic''' (U+16A0-U+16FF), containing 81 characters for the Germanic runes, was added. * '''Khmer''' (U+1780-U+17FF), containing 103 characters for the Khmer script, was added. * '''Mongolian''' (U+1800-U+18AF), containing 155 characters for the classical Mongolian script, was added. * '''Braille Patterns''' (U+2800-U+28FF), containing 256 Braille letters, was added. * '''CJK Radicals Supplement''' (U+2E80-U+2EFF), containing 115 non-Kangxi radicals, was added. * '''Kangxi Radicals''' (U+2F00-U+2FDF), containing 214 radicals from the Kangxi dictionary, was added. * '''Ideographic Description Characters''' (U+2FF0-U+2FFF), containing 12 characters used to describe a Han ideograph not available in the font, was added. * '''Bopomofo Extended''' (U+31A0-U+31BF), containing 24 characters used for phonetic transcription of minority languages of Taiwan, was added. * '''CJK Unified Ideographs Extension A''' (U+3400-U+4DBF), containing 6,582 additional Han Ideographs, was added. * '''Yi Syllables''' (U+A000-U+A48F), containing 1,165 syllables of the modern Yi script, was added. * '''Yi Radicals''' (U+A490-U+A4CF), containing 50 radicals of Yi Syllables, was added. === Extended blocks === * Additional precomposed characters, letters and capital letters of lowercase-only letters (total 30 characters) were added to '''Latin Extended-B'''. (U+01F6-U+01F9, U+0218-U+021F and U+0222-U+0233) * Extensions for disordered speech (total 5 characters) were added to '''IPA Extensions'''. (U+02A9-U+02AD) * Some additional modifier letters (total 6 characters) were added to '''Spacing Modifier Letters'''. (U+02DF and U+02EA-U+02EE) * Additional combining diacritics for IPA (total 10 characters) were added to '''Combining Diacritical Marks'''. (U+0346-U+034E and U+0362) * Lowercase versions of archaic letters and the Kai symbol (total 5 characters) were added to '''Greek and Coptic'''. (U+03D7, U+03DB, U+03DD, U+03DF and U+03E1) * Nonstandard letters for Macedonian, combining numeral signs and three letters for Kildin Sami (total 12 characters) were added to '''Cyrillic'''. (U+0400, U+040D, U+0450, U+045D, U+0488-U+0489, U+048C-U+048F and U+04EC-U+04ED) * A Hyphen (total 1 character) was added to '''Armenian'''. (U+058A) * Combining hamza and maddah and nine additional Arabic characters (total 12 characters) were added to '''Arabic'''. (U+0653-U+0655, U+06B8-U+06B9, U+06BF, U+06CF and U+06FA-U+06FE) * Additional letters and religious symbols (total 25 characters) were added to '''Tibetan'''. (U+0F6A, U+0F96, U+0FAE-U+0FB0, U+0FB8, U+0FBA-U+0FBC, U+0FBE-U+0FCC and U+0FCF) * A narrow no-break space and 6 additional punctuation marks (total 7 characters) were added to '''General Punctuation'''. (U+202F and U+2048-U+204D) * The Kip, Tugrik and Drachma sign (total 3 characters) were added to '''Currency Symbols'''. (U+20AD-U+20AF) * An enclosing screen and an enclosing key (total 2 characters) were added to '''Combining Diacritical Marks for Symbols'''. (U+20E2-U+20E3) * The information symbol and a rotated Q (total 2 characters) were added to '''Letterlike Symbols'''. (U+2139-U+213A) * A mirrored Roman capital numeral hundred (Ↄ) (total 1 character) was added to '''Number Forms'''. (U+2183) * Some additional arrows (total 9 characters) were added to '''Arrows'''. (U+21EB-U+21F3) * Some additional technical symbols, including common keys on a 101 keyboard (total 33 characters) were added to '''Miscellaneous Technical'''. (U+2301, U+237B and U+237D-U+239A) * Two additional control pictures (total 2 characters) were added to '''Control Pictures'''. (U+2425-U+2426) * Squares and circles with quadrants (total 8 characters) were added to '''Geometric Shapes'''. (U+25F0-U+25F7) * Two Syriac crosses and a signature mark (total 3 characters) were added to '''Miscellaneous Symbols'''. (U+2619 and U+2670-U+2671) * Three Hangzhou numerals and a variation indicator (total 4 characters) were added to '''CJK Symbols and Punctuation'''. (U+3038-U+303A and U+303E) * A ligature Yod with Hiriq (יִ) (total 1 character) was added to '''Alphabetic Presentation Forms'''. (U+FB1D) * Three additional control characters for ruby markup (total 3 characters) were added to '''Specials'''. (U+FFF9-U+FFFB) == Unicode 3.1 == Unicode 3.1 was released March 2001. It encoded 94,140 characters, adding 44,946 new characters, and mainly focused on blocks outside of the Basic Multilingual Plane. === New blocks === * '''Old Italic''' (U+10300-U+1032F), containing 35 letters for the Etruscan script, was added. * '''Gothic''' (U+10330-U+1034F), containing 27 letters for the Gothic script, was added. * '''Deseret''' (U+10400-U+1044F), containing 76 letters for the constructed Deseret script, was added. * '''Byzantine Musical Symbols''' (U+1D000-U+1D0FF), containing 246 symbols for musical notation in Byzantine, was added. * '''Musical Symbols''' (U+1D100-U+1D1FF), containing 219 characters for current musical notation, was added. * '''Mathematical Alphanumeric Symbols''' (U+1D400-U+1D7FF), containing 991 Latin and Greek letters in serif, sans-serif, bold, italic, double-struck, script and Fraktur/Blackletter, was added. * '''CJK Unified Ideographs Extension B''' (U+20000-U+2A6DF), containing 42,711 additional Chinese Ideographs, was added. * '''CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement''' (U+2F800-U+2FA1F), containing 542 additional Chinese Ideographs for compatibility purposes, was added. * '''Tags''', containing 97 language tags, was added. (U+E0000-U+E007F) === Extended noncharacters === * The Noncharacters range: U+FDD0..U+FDEF were added to '''Arabic Presentation Forms-A'''. === Extended blocks === * The capital Theta symbol and the Lunate Epsilon symbol (total 2 characters) were added to '''Greek and Coptic'''. (U+03F4-U+03F5) === Characters and Scripts Under Investigation or Rejected === * Khmer Sign Laak Was Rejected. (U+17DD) From '''Khmer.''' * Georgian Letter U-Brjuu Was Rejected. From '''Georgian.''' == Unicode 3.2 == Unicode 3.2 was released March 2002. It encoded 95,156 characters, adding 1,016 new characters. === New blocks === * '''Cyrillic Supplementary (now Cyrillic Supplement)''' (U+0500-U+052F), containing 16 characters used for the Komi language, was added. * '''Tagalog''' (U+1700-U+171F), containing 20 characters for the Baybayin script, was added. * '''Hanunoo''' (U+1720-U+173F), containing 23 characters and punctuation for the Hanunó'o script, was added. * '''Buhid''' (U+1740-U+175F), containing 20 characters for the Buhid script, was added. * '''Tagbanwa''' (U+1760-U+177F), containing 18 characters for the Tagbanwa script, was added. * '''Miscellaneous Mathematical Symbols-A''' (U+27C0-U+27EF), containing 28 symbols used in math notation, was added. * '''Supplemental Arrows-A''' (U+27F0-U+27FF), containing 16 additional arrows, was added. * '''Supplemental Arrows-B''' (U+2900-U+297F), containing 128 special arrows, was added. * '''Miscellaneous Mathematical Symbols-B''' (U+2980-U+29FF), containing 128 additional mathematical symbols, was added. * '''Supplemental Mathematical Operators''' (U+2A00-U+2AFF), containing 256 additional mathematical operators, was added. * '''Katakana Phonetic Extensions''' (U+31F0-U+31FF), containing 16 Katakana letters used for Ainu, was added. * '''Variation Selectors''' (U+FE00-U+FE0F), containing 16 symbols used for indicating variations, was added. === Extended blocks === * A capital letter N with Long Right Leg (total 1 character) was added to '''Latin Extended-B'''. (U+0220) * The combining grapheme joiner and combining Latin letters used in medieval texts (total 14 characters) were added to '''Combining Diacritical Marks'''. (U+034F and U+0363-U+036F) * The Qoppa and a reversed lunate epsilon symbol (total 3 characters) were added to '''Greek and Coptic'''. (U+03D8-U+03D9 and U+03F6) * Four additional letters used for the Kildin Sami language (total 8 characters) were added to '''Cyrillic'''. (U+048A-U+048B, U+04C5-U+04C6, U+04C9-U+04CA and U+04CD-U+04CE) * A dotless Beh and a dotless Qaf (total 2 characters) were added to '''Arabic'''. (U+066E-U+066F) * A Letter for Addu dialect (total 1 character) was added to '''Thaana'''. (U+07B1) * The letters Yn and Elifi (total 2 characters) were added to '''Georgian'''. (U+10F7-U+10F8) * Some additional punctuation marks and control characters (total 12 characters) were added to '''General Punctuation'''. (U+2047, U+204E-U+2052, U+2057 and U+205F-U+2063) * A superscript letter I (total 1 character) was added to '''Superscripts and Subscripts'''. (U+2071) * German Penny and Peso sign (total 2 characters) were added to '''Currency Symbols'''. (U+20B0-U+20B1) * Some additional combining characters (total 7 characters) were added to '''Combining Diacritical Marks for Symbols'''. (U+20E4-U+20EA) * Some double-struck and reversed/turned letters (total 15 characters) were added to '''Letterlike Symbols'''. (U+213D-U+214B) * Some additional arrows (total 12 characters) were added to '''Arrows'''. (U+21F4-U+21FF) * Some additional mathematical operators (total 14 characters) were added to '''Mathematical Operators'''. (U+22F2-U+22FF) * Variable-width and additional symbols (total 53 characters) were added to '''Miscellaneous Technical'''. (U+237C and U+239B-U+23CE) * Black and double circled numerals (total 20 characters) were added to '''Enclosed Alphanumerics'''. U+24EB-U+24FE) * Quadrant elements (total 10 characters) were added to '''Block Elements'''. (U+2596-U+259F) * Some additional triangles and squares (total 8 characters) were added to '''Geometric Shapes'''. (U+25F8-U+25FF) * Shogi pieces ,recycling symbols, dices and dotted circles (total 24 characters) were added to '''Miscellaneous Symbols'''. (U+2616-U+2617, U+2672-U+267D and U+2680-U+2689) * Additional parenthesis (total 14 characters) were added to '''Dingbats'''. (U+2768-U+2775) * Three additional marks (total 3 characters) were added to '''CJK Symbols and Punctuation'''. (U+303B-U+303D) * A digraph and two additional characters (total 3 characters) were added to '''Hiragana'''. (U+3095-U+3096 and U+309F) * A digraph and a double hyphen (total 2 characters) were added to '''Katakana'''. (U+30A0 and U+30FF) * Additional circled numerals (total 30 characters) were added to '''Enclosed CJK Letters and Months'''. (U+3251-U+325F and U+32B1-U+32BF * Five missing radicals (total 5 characters) were added to '''Yi Radicals'''. (U+A4A2-U+A4A3, U+A4B4, U+A4C1, U+A4C5) * Additional compatibility characters (total 59 characters) were added to '''CJK Compatibility Ideographs'''. (U+FA30-U+FA6A) * A Rial sign (total 1 character) was added to '''Arabic Presentation Forms-A'''. (U+FDFC) * Two sesame dots (total 2 characters) were added to '''CJK Compatibility Forms'''. (U+FE45-U+FE46) * A tail fragment (total 1 character) was added to '''Arabic Presentation Forms-B'''. (U+FE73) * A pair of double parenthesis (total 2 characters) was added to '''Halfwidth and Fullwidth Forms'''. (U+FF5F-U+FF60) == Unicode 4.0 == Unicode 4.0 was released April 2003. It encoded 96,382 characters, adding 1,226 new characters. === New blocks === * '''Limbu''' (U+1900-U+194F), containing 66 characters for the Limbu abugida, was added. * '''Tai Le''' (U+1950-U+197F), containing 35 letters for the Tai Le script, was added. * '''Khmer Symbols''' (U+19E0-U+19FF), containing 32 symbols for the lunar calendar, was added. * '''Phonetic Extensions''' (U+1D00-U+1D7F), containing 108 letters used in phonetic transcription, was added. * '''Miscellaneous Symbols and Arrows''' (U+2B00-U+2BFF), containing 14 additional arrows, was added. * '''Yijing Hexagram Symbols''' (U+4DC0-U+4DFF), containing 64 hexagrams, was added. * '''Linear B Syllabary''' (U+10000-U+1007F), containing 88 syllables of the ancient Linear B script, was added. * '''Linear B Ideograms''' (U+10080-U+100FF), containing 123 ideograms of the ancient Linear B script, was added. * '''Aegean Numbers''' (U+10100-U+1013F), containing 57 numerals used in the Aegean area, was added. * '''Ugaritic''' (U+10380-U+1039F), containing 31 characters used in Ugaritic cuneiform, was added. * '''Shavian''' (U+10450-U+1047F), containing 48 letters used for the artificial Shavian script, was added. * '''Osmanya''' (U+10480-U+104AF), containing 40 characters used in the artificial Osmanya script, was added. * '''Cypriot Syllabary''' (U+10800-U+1083F), containing 55 characters formerly used on Cyprus, was added. * '''Tai Xuan Jing Symbols''' (U+1D300-U+1D35F), containing 87 symbols of Tai Xuan Jing, was added. * '''Variation Selectors Supplement''' (U+E0100-U+E01EF), containing 240 additional variation selectors, was added. === Extended blocks === * Letters with curl used in Sinology (total 4 characters) were added to '''Latin Extended-B'''. (U+0221 and U+0234-U+0236) * Former IPA letters (total 2 characters) were added to '''IPA Extensions'''. (U+02AE-U+02AF) * Some additional characters (total 17 characters) were added to '''Spacing Modifier Letters'''. (U+02EF-U+02FF) * Additional combining double-width diacritics and diacritics corresponding to their spacing equivalent (total 11 characters) were added to '''Combining Diacritical Marks'''. (U+0350-U+0357 and U+035D-U+035F) * The archaic letters Sho and San and the capital Lunate Sigma (total 5 characters) were added to '''Greek and Coptic'''. (U+03F7-U+03FB) * Some additional markers, biblical signs, and letters with inverted V (total 19 characters) were added to '''Arabic'''. (U+0600-U+0603, U+060D-U+0615, U+0656-U+0658, U+06EE-U+06EF and U+06FF) * Letters used for foreign words from Persian and Sogdian (total 6 characters) were added to '''Syriac'''. (U+072D-U+072F and U+074D-U+074F) * The short A (ऄ) (total 1 character) was added to '''Devanagari'''. (U+0904) * The Avagraha sign (ঽ) (total 1 character) was added to '''Bengali'''. (U+09BD) * The Adak Bindi and Visarga signs (total 2 characters) were added to '''Gurmukhi'''. (U+0A01 and U+0A03) * The vocalic l and ll and the Rupee sign (total 5 characters) were added to '''Gujarati'''. (U+0A8C and U+0AF1-U+0AF3) * The letters Va and Wa (total 2 characters) were added to '''Oriya'''. (U+0B35 and U+0B71) * Additional signs for date and finance environments (total 8 characters) were added to '''Tamil'''. (U+0BF3-U+0BFA) * The Nukta and Avagraha signs (total 2 characters) were added to '''Kannada'''. (U+0CBC-U+0CBD) * Some symbols and signs (total 11 characters) were added to '''Khmer'''. (U+17DD and U+17F0-U+17F9) * An inverted undertie and a swung dash (total 2 characters) were added to '''General Punctuation'''. (U+2053-U+2054) * The facsimile sign (℻) (total 1 character) was added to '''Letterlike Symbols'''. (U+213B) * The eject symbol and a vertical line (total 2 characters) were added to '''Miscellaneous Technical'''. (U+23CF-U+23D0) * A black circled digit zero (⓿) (total 1 character) was added to '''Enclosed Alphanumerics'''. (U+24FF) * Monograms and diagrams, flags, warning and weather symbols and a cup of tea (total 12 characters) were added to '''Miscellaneous Symbols'''. (U+2614-U+2615, U+268A-U+2691 and U+26A0-U+26A1) * Additional parenthesized and circled Korean characters and supplemental signs (total 9 characters) were added to '''Enclosed CJK Letters and Months'''. (U+321D-U+321E, U+3250, U+327C-U+327D and U+32CC-U+32CF) * Additional measure units (total 7 characters) were added to '''CJK Compatibility'''. (U+3377-U+337A, U+33DE-U+33DF and U+33FF) * An additional Arabic sign (﷽) (total 1 character) was added to '''Arabic Presentation Forms-A'''. (U+FDFD) * A pair of vertical parenthesis (total 2 characters) was added to '''CJK Compatibility Forms'''. (U+FE47-U+FE48) * The letters Oi and Ew (total 4 characters) were added to '''Deseret'''. (U+10426-U+10427 and U+1044E-U+1044F) * A small script l (ℓ) (total 1 character) was added to '''Mathematical Alphanumeric Symbols'''. (U+1D4C1) == Unicode 4.1 == Unicode 4.1 was released on March 31st, 2005. It encoded 97,655 characters, adding 1,273 new characters. === New blocks === * '''Arabic Supplement''' (U+0750-U+077F), containing 30 characters for various languages written with the Arabic script, was added. * '''Ethiopic Supplement''' (U+1380-U+139F), containing 26 characters and signs for Sebatbeit, was added. * '''New Tai Lue''' (U+1980-U+19DF), containing 80 characters for the New Tai Lue script, was added. * '''Buginese''' (U+1A00-U+1A1F), containing 30 characters for the Lontara script, was added. * '''Phonetic Extensions Supplement''' (U+1D80-U+1DBF), containing 64 additional letters for phonetic transcription, was added. * '''Combining Diacritical Marks Supplement''' (U+1DC0-U+1DFF), containing 4 additional diacritics, was added. * '''Glagolitic''' (U+2C00-U+2C5F), containing 94 characters for the Glagolitic script, was added. * '''Coptic''' (U+2C80-U+2CFF), containing 114 characters for the Coptic script, was added. * '''Georgian Supplement''' (U+2D00-U+2D2F), containing 38 Nuskhuri letters, was added. * '''Tifinagh''' (U+2D30-U+2D7F), containing 55 characters for the Tifinagh script, was added. * '''Ethiopic Extended''' (U+2D80-U+2DDF), containing 79 additional Ethiopic syllables, was added. * '''Supplemental Punctuation''' (U+2E00-U+2E7F), containing 26 additional punctuation marks, was added. * '''CJK Strokes''' (U+31C0-U+31CF), containing 16 strokes for Han Ideographs, was added. * '''Modifier Tone Letters''' (U+A700-U+A71F), containing 23 letters for Chinese tones, was added. * '''Syloti Nagri''' (U+A800-U+A82F), containing 44 characters for the Syloti Nagri abugida, was added. * '''Vertical Forms''' (U+FE10-U+FE1F), containing 10 punctuation marks suited for vertical text, was added. * '''Ancient Greek Numbers''' (U+10140-U+1018F), containing 75 numerals and signs used in Ancient Greek, was added. * '''Old Persian''' (U+103A0-U+103DF), containing 50 characters for Old Persian cuneiform, was added. * '''Kharoshthi''' (U+10A00-U+10A5F), containing 65 characters for the Kharoshthi abugida, was added. * '''Ancient Greek Musical Notation''' (U+1D200-U+1D24F), containing 70 musical signs used in Ancient Greek, was added. === Extended blocks === * Letters for Sencoten, digraphs, letters with swash tail and other additions (total 11 characters) were added to '''Latin Extended-B'''. (U+0237-U+0241) * Additional diacritics for transliteration (total 5 characters) were added to '''Combining Diacritical Marks'''. (U+0358-U+035C) * Rho with stroke, reversed and dotted Lunate Sigma (total 4 characters) were added to '''Greek and Coptic'''. (U+03FC-U+03FF) * Ghe with descender (Ӷ) (total 2 characters) was added to '''Cyrillic'''. (U+04F6-U+04F7) * An additional biblical mark and some punctuation marks (total 4 characters) were added to '''Hebrew'''. (U+05A2 and U+05C5-U+05C7) * Additional biblical marks, punctuation marks and the Afghani sign (total 8 characters) were added to '''Arabic'''. (U+060B, U+061E, and U+0659-U+065E) * A glottal stop (ॽ) (total 1 character) was added to '''Devanagari'''. (U+097D) * The Khanda Ta letter (ৎ) (total 1 character) was added to '''Bengali'''. (U+09CE) * The letter Sha and the digit zero (total 2 characters) were added to '''Tamil'''. (U+0BB6 and U+0BE6) * Two marks used in Bhutan (total 2 characters) were added to '''Tibetan'''. (U+0FD0-U+0FD1) * Two letters and a modifier letter (total 3 characters) were added to '''Georgian'''. (U+10F9-U+10FA and U+10FC) * Some additional syllables (total 11 characters) were added to '''Ethiopic'''. (U+1207, U+1247, U+1287, U+12AF, U+12CF, U+12EF, U+130F, U+131F, U+1347, U+135F, and U+1360) * Additional phonetic symbols (total 20 characters) were added to '''Phonetic Extensions'''. (U+1D6C-U+1D7F) * A flower and dot punctuation marks (total 9 characters) were added to '''General Punctuation'''. (U+2055-U+2056 and U+2058-U+205E) * Additional subscript letters (total 5 characters) were added to '''Superscripts and Subscripts'''. (U+2090-U+2094) * The Guarani, Austral, Hryvnia and Cedi signs (total 4 characters) were added to '''Currency Symbols'''. (U+20B2-U+20B5) * A combining long double solidus (total 1 character) was added to '''Combining Diacritical Marks for Symbols'''. (U+20EB) * The per sign and a double-struck letter Pi (total 2 characters) were added to '''Letterlike Symbols'''. (U+213C and U+214C) * Metrical and electrical signs (total 11 characters) were added to '''Miscellaneous Technical'''. (U+23D1-U+23DB) * Additional gender and map symbols (total 30 characters) were added to '''Miscellaneous Symbols'''. (U+2618, U+267E-U+267F, U+2692-U+269C, and U+26A2-U+26B1) * Some additional mathematical symbols (total 7 characters) were added to '''Miscellaneous Mathematical Symbols-A'''. (U+27C0-U+27C6) * Additional arrows and squares (total 6 characters) were added to '''Miscellaneous Symbols and Arrows'''. (U+2B0E-U+2B1D) * A circled Hangul character (㉾) (total 1 character) was added to '''Enclosed CJK Letters and Months'''. (U+327E) * Additional Han Ideographs (total 22 characters) were added to '''CJK Unified Ideographs'''. (U+9FA6-U+9FBB) * Additional Compatibility Ideographs (total 106 characters) were added to '''CJK Compatibility Ideographs'''. (U+FA70-U+FAD9) * Italic dotless small i and j (total 2 characters) were added to '''Mathematical Alphanumeric Symbols'''. (U+1D6A4-U+1D6A5) == Unicode 5.0 == Unicode 5.0 was released on July 14th, 2006. It encoded 99,024 characters, adding 1,369 new characters. === New blocks === * '''N'Ko''' (U+07C0-U+07FF), containing 59 characters for the N'Ko script, was added. * '''Balinese''' (U+1B00-U+1B7F), containing 121 characters and musical signs for the Balinese abugida, was added. * '''Latin Extended-C''' (U+2C60-U+2C7F), containing 17 letters for various languages, was added. * '''Latin Extended-D''' (U+A720-U+A7FF), containing 2 characters for UPA, was added. * '''Phags-pa''' (U+A840-U+A87F), containing 56 characters for the Phags-pa script, was added. * '''Phoenician''' (U+10900-U+1091F), containing 27 letters and numerals for the Phoenician script, was added. * '''Cuneiform''' (U+12000-U+123FF), containing 879 signs for Sumero-Akkadian Cuneiform, was added. * '''Cuneiform Numbers and Punctuation''' (U+12400-U+1247F), containing 103 numerals and punctuation signs for Sumero-Akkadian Cuneiform, was added. * '''Counting Rod Numerals''' (U+1D360-U+1D37F), containing 18 numerals used with counting rods, was added. === Extended blocks === * Various letters used mainly for aboriginal languages (total 14 characters) were added to '''Latin Extended-B'''. (U+0242-U+024F) * Lowercase lunate sigma symbols (total 3 characters) were added to '''Greek and Coptic'''. (U+037B-U+037D) * Lowercase palochka and 3 letters used in Nivkh (total 7 characters) were added to '''Cyrillic'''. (U+04CF and U+04FA-U+04FF) * Two letters used in Khanty and other languages (total 4 characters) were added to '''Cyrillic Supplement'''. (U+0510-U+0513) * A specific point meant for Vav (total 1 character) was added to '''Hebrew'''. (U+05BA) * Four letters used in Sindhi (total 4 characters) were added to '''Devanagari'''. (U+097B-U+097C and U+097E-U+097F) * Four letters used in Sanskrit (total 4 characters) were added to '''Kannada'''. (U+0CE2-U+0CE3 and U+0CF1-U+0CF2) * Additional IPA diacritics (total 9 characters) were added to '''Combining Diacritical Marks Supplement'''. (U+1DC4-U+1DCA) * Four combining arrows (total 4 characters) were added to '''Combining Diacritical Marks for Symbols'''. (U+20EC-U+20EF) * A danish symbol and a lowercase turned F (total 2 characters) were added to '''Letterlike Symbols'''. (U+214D-U+214E) * A lowercase reversed C (ↄ) (total 1 character) was added to '''Number Forms'''. (U+2184) * Vertical parenthesis, geometric forms and electrical symbols (total 12 characters) were added to '''Miscellaneous Technical'''. (U+23DC-U+23E7) * A neuter symbol (⚲) (total 1 character) was added to '''Miscellaneous Symbols'''. (U+26B2) * Four additional mathematical symbols (total 4 characters) were added to '''Miscellaneous Mathematical Symbols-A'''. (U+27C7-U+27CA) * Additional squares, pentagons and hexagons (total 11 characters) were added to '''Miscellaneous Symbols and Arrows'''. (U+2B14-U+2B1A and U+2B20-U+2B23) * Four additional tone letters used in Chinantec (total 4 characters) were added to '''Modifier Tone Letters'''. (U+A717-U+A71A) * Bold Digamma (𝟊/'''Ϝ''') (total 2 characters) was added to '''Mathematical Alphanumeric Symbols'''. (U+1D7CA-U+1D7CB) == Unicode 5.1 == Unicode 5.1 was released on April 4th, 2008. It encoded 100,648 characters, adding 1,624 new characters. === New blocks === * '''Sundanese''' (U+1B80-U+1BBF), containing 55 letters for Sundanese script, was added. * '''Lepcha''' (U+1C00-U+1C4F), containing 74 letters for Lepcha script, was added. * '''Ol Chiki''' (U+1C50-U+1C7F), containing 48 letters for Ol Chiki script, was added. * '''Cyrillic Extended-A''' (U+2DE0-U+2DFF), containing 32 letters for combining Cyrillic letters, was added. * '''Vai''' (U+A500-U+A63F), containing 300 letters for Vai script, was added. * '''Cyrillic Extended-B''' (U+A640-U+A69F), containing 78 letters for additional Cyrillic characters, was added. * '''Saurashtra''' (U+A880-U+A8DF), containing 81 letters for Saurashtra script, was added. * '''Kayah Li''' (U+A900-U+A92F), containing 48 letters for Kayah languages, was added. * '''Rejang''' (U+A930-U+A95F), containing 37 letters for Rejang script, was added. * '''Cham''' (U+AA00-U+AA5F), containing 83 letters for Cham script, was added. * '''Ancient Symbols''' (U+10190-U+101CF), containing 12 characters for weights and measures and other ancient symbols, was added. * '''Phaistos Disc''' (U+101D0-U+101FF), containing 46 hieroglyphs for Phaistos, was added. * '''Lycian''' (U+10280-U+1029F), containing 29 letters for Lycian script, was added. * '''Carian''' (U+102A0-U+102DF), containing 49 letters for Carian script, was added. * '''Lydian''' (U+10920-U+1093F), containing 27 letters for Lydian script, was added. * '''Mahjong Tiles''' (U+1F000-U+1F02F), containing 44 mahjong tiles, was added. * '''Domino Tiles''' (U+1F030-U+1F09F), containing 100 domino tiles, was added. === Extended blocks === * Archaic letters and capital kai symbol (total 7 characters) were added to '''Greek and Coptic'''. (U+0370-U+0373, U+0375-U+0376 and U+03CF) * Combining Pokrytie (total 1 character) was added to '''Cyrillic'''. (U+0487) * Mordvin, Kurdish, Aleut and Chuvash letters (total 16 characters) were added to '''Cyrillic Supplement'''. (U+0514-U+0523) * Radix symbols, Letterlike, punctuation, Koranic annotation signs and additions for early Persian and Azerbaijani (total 15 characters) were added to '''Arabic'''. (U+0606-U+060A, U+0616-U+061A and U+063B-U+063F) * Additional letters in Torwali, Burushaski and early Persian (total 18 characters) were added to '''Arabic Supplement'''. (U+076E-U+077F) * High spacing dot and candra a (total 2 characters) were added to '''Devanagari'''. (U+0971-U+0972) * Udaat and yakash signs (total 2 characters) were added to '''Gurmukhi'''. (U+0A51 and U+0A75) * Vocalic rr, l and ll (total 3 characters) were added to '''Oriya'''. (U+0B44 and U+0B62-U+0B63) * Om symbol (ௐ) (total 1 character) was added to '''Tamil'''. (U+0BD0) * Avagraha, additional phonetic letters, vocalic l and ll, fractional signs and tuumu (total 13 characters) were added to '''Telugu'''. (U+0C3D, U+0C58-U+0C59, U+0C62-U+0C63 and U+0C78-U+0C7F) * Avagraha, vocalic rr, l and ll, Malayalam numerics and fractions and chillu letters (total 17 characters) were added to '''Malayalam'''. (U+0D3D, U+0D44, U+0D62-U+0D63, U+0D70-U+0D75 and U+0D79-U+0D7F) * Letters for Balti and various symbols (total 6 characters) were added to '''Tibetan'''. (U+0F6B-U+0F6C, U+0FCE and U+0FD2-U+0FD4) * Characters for various languages (total 78 characters) were added to '''Myanmar'''. (U+1022, U+1028, U+102B, U+1033-U+1035, U+103A-U+103F, U+105A-U+1099 and U+109E-U+109F) * Manchu Ali Gali lha (ᢪ) (total 1 character) was added to '''Mongolian'''. (U+18AA) * Miscellaneous combining marks (total 28 characters) were added to '''Combining Diacritical Marks Supplement'''. (U+1DCB-U+1DE6) * Medievalist latin letters and miscellaneous letters (total 10 characters) were added to '''Latin Extended Additional'''. (U+1E9C-U+1E9F and U+1EFA-U+1EFF) * Invisible plus (+) (total 1 character) was added to '''General Punctuation'''. (U+2064) * Combining asterisk above ( ⃰)(total 1 character) was added to '''Combining Diacritical Marks for Symbols'''. (U+20F0) * Symbol for Samaritan Source (⅏) (total 1 character) was added to '''Letterlike Symbols'''. (U+214F) * Archaic Roman Numerals (total 4 characters) were added to '''Number Forms'''. (U+2185-U+2188) * Outlined white star and other signs (total 15 characters) were added to '''Miscellaneous Symbols'''. (U+269D, U+26B3-U+26BC and U+26C0-U+26C3) * Long division and additional mathematical brackets (total 5 characters) were added to '''Miscellaneous Mathematical Symbols-A'''. (U+27CC and U+27EC-U+27EF) * Miscellaneous signs (total 51 characters) were added to '''Miscellaneous Symbols and Arrows'''. (U+2B1B-U+2B1F, U+2B24-U+2B4C, and U+2B50-U+2B54) * Additional Latin letters (total 12 characters) were added to '''Latin Extended-C'''. (U+2C6D-U+2C6F, U+2C71-U+2C73, and U+2C78-U+2C7D) * Additional punctuation (total 23 characters) were added to '''Supplemental Punctuation'''. (U+2E18-U+2E1B and U+2E1E-U+2E30) * Letter ih (ㄭ) (total 1 character) was added to '''Bopomofo'''. (U+312D) * Other strokes (total 20 characters) were added to '''CJK Strokes'''. (U+31D0-U+31E3) * Miscellaneous additions (total 8 characters) were added to '''CJK Unified Ideographs'''. (U+9FBC-U+9FC3) * Africanist tone letters (total 5 characters) were added to '''Modifier Tone Letters'''. (U+A71B-U+A71F) * Miscellaneous letters and symbols (total 112 characters) were added to '''Latin Extended-D'''. (U+A722-U+A78C and U+A7FB-U+A7FF) * Continuous macrons for Coptic (total 3 characters) were added to '''Combining Half Marks'''. (U+FE24-U+FE26) * Musical symbol multiple measure rest (𝄩) (total 1 character) was added to '''Musical Symbols'''. (U+1D129) == Unicode 5.2 == Unicode 5.2 was released on October 1st, 2009. It encoded 107,296 characters, adding 6,648 new characters. === New blocks === * '''Samaritan''' (U+0800-U+083F), containing 61 letters for Samaritan script, was added. * '''Unified Canadian Aboriginal Syllabics Extended''' (U+18B0-U+18FF), containing 70 syllables for various Cree languages, was added. * '''Tai Tham''' (U+1A20-U+1AAF), containing 127 letters for Tai Tham script, was added. * '''Vedic Extensions''' (U+1CD0-U+1CFF), containing 35 characters for tone marks and signs, was added. * '''Lisu''' (U+A4D0-U+A4FF), containing 48 letters for Lisu (Fraser) script, was added. * '''Bamum''' (U+A6A0-U+A6FF), containing 88 letters for Bamum script, was added. * '''Common Indic Number Forms''' (U+A830-U+A83F), containing 10 fractions and marks, was added. * '''Devanagari Extended''' (U+A8E0-U+A8FF), containing 28 additional marks, was added. * '''Hangul Jamo Extended-A''' (U+A960-U+A97F), containing 29 characters for additional old initial consonants in hangul jamo, was added. * '''Javanese''' (U+A980-U+A9DF), containing 91 letters for Javanese script, was added. * '''Myanmar Extended-A''' (U+AA60-U+AA7B), containing 28 letters for Khamti Shan in Myanmar, was added. * '''Tai Viet''' (U+AA80-U+AADF), containing 72 letters for Tai Viet script, was added. * '''Meetei Mayek''' (U+ABC0-U+ABFF), containing 56 letters for Meetei Mayek script, was added. * '''Hangul Jamo Extended-B''' (U+D7B0-U+D7FF), containing 72 characters for additional old medieval vowels and final consonants in hangul jamo, was added. * '''Imperial Aramaic''' (U+10840-U+1085F), containing 31 characters for Old Aramaic, was added. * '''Old South Arabian''' (U+10A60-U+10A7F), containing 32 letters and numbers for South Arabian, was added. * '''Avestan''' (U+10B00-U+10B3F), containing 61 characters for Avestan script, was added. * '''Inscriptional Parthian''' (U+10B40-U+10B5F), containing 30 characters for Inscriptional Parthian script, was added. * '''Inscriptional Pahlavi''' (U+10B60-U+10B7F), containing 27 characters for Inscriptional Pahlavi script, was added. * '''Old Turkic''' (U+10C00-U+10C4F), containing 73 characters for Orkhon script, was added. * '''Rumi Numeral Symbols''' (U+10E60-U+10E7F), containing 31 numeric characters used in Fez, Morocco, and elsewhere in North Africa and the Iberian peninsula, between the tenth and seventeenth centuries, was added. * '''Kaithi''' (U+11080-U+110CF), containing 66 letters for Kaithi script, was added. * '''Egyptian Hieroglyphs''' (U+13000-U+1342F), containing 1,071 hieroglyphs for Egyptian, was added. * '''Enclosed Alphanumeric Supplement''' (U+1F100-U+1F1FF), containing 63 additional circled, parenthesized and squared alphanumerics, was added. * '''Enclosed Ideographic Supplement''' (U+1F200-U+1F2FF), containing 44 squared and tortoised shell bracketed ideographs, was added. * '''CJK Unified Ideographs Extension C''' (U+2A700-U+2B73F), containing 4,149 additional Chinese Ideographs, was added. === Extended blocks === * Abkhaz letters (total 2 characters) were added to '''Cyrillic Supplement'''. (U+0524-U+0525) * Inverted Candrabindu and additional signs and letters (total 5 characters) were added to '''Devanagari'''. (U+0900, U+094E, U+0955 and U+0979-U+097A) * Ganda Mark (৻) (total 1 character) was added to '''Bengali'''. (U+09FB) * Religious svasti signs (total 4 characters) were added to '''Tibetan'''. (U+0FD5-U+0FD8) * Extensions for Khamti Shan and Alton and Phake (total 4 characters) were added to '''Myanmar'''. (U+109A-U+109D) * Additional old initial consonants, medival vowels, and old final consonants (total 16 characters) were added to '''Hangul Jamo'''. (U+115A-U+115E, U+11A3-U+11A7 and U+11FA-U+11FF) * Hyphen and additional syllables (total 10 characters) were added to '''Unified Canadian Aboriginal Syllabics'''. (U+1400 and U+1677-U+167F) * Letter Sua and Tham Digit One (total 3 characters) were added to '''New Tai Lue'''. (U+19AA-U+19AB and U+19DA) * Combing Almost Equal to Below ( ᷽) (total 1 character) was added to '''Combining Diacritical Marks Supplement'''. (U+1DFD) * The Live Tournosis, Spesmillo and Tenge signs (total 3 characters) were added to '''Currency Symbols'''. (U+20B6-U+20B8) * Additional vulgar fractions from ARIB STD B24 (total 4 characters) were added to '''Number Forms'''. (U+2150-U+2152 and U+2189) * Decimal exponent symbol (⏨) from ARIB STD B24 (total 1 characters) was added to '''Miscellaneous Technical'''. (U+23E8) * A soccer ball and symbols from ARIB STD B24 (total 59 characters) were added to '''Miscellaneous Symbols'''. (U+269E-U+269F, U+26BD-U+26BF, U+26C4-U+26CD, U+26CF-U+26E1, U+26E3 and U+26E8-U+26FF) * Heavy exclamation mark symbol (❗) from ARIB STD B24 (total 1 character) was added to '''Dingbats'''. (U+2757) * Traffic sign, dictionary and map symbols from ARIB STD B24 (total 5 characters) were added to '''Miscellaneous Symbols and Arrows'''. (U+2B55-U+2B59) * Capital letter turned alpha and additions for Shona (total 3 characters) were added to '''Latin Extended-C'''. (U+2C70 to U+2C7E-U+2C7F) * Cryptogrammic letters and combining marks (total 7 characters) were added to '''Coptic'''. (U+2CEB-U+2CF1) * Word separator middle dot (⸱) (total 1 character) was added to '''Supplemental Punctuation'''. (U+2E31) * Circled ideographs and numbers on black squares from ARIB STD B24 (total 12 characters) were added to '''Enclosed CJK Letters and Months'''. (U+3244-U+324F) * Miscellaneous additions (total 8 characters) were added to '''CJK Unified Ideographs'''. (U+9FC4-U+9FCB) * Miscellaneous additions for compatibility (total 3 characters) were added to '''CJK Compatibility Ideographs'''. (U+FA6B-U+FA6D) * Number two and three (total 2 characters) were added to '''Phoenician'''. (U+1091A-U+1091B) == Unicode 6.0 == Unicode 6.0 was released on October 11th, 2010. It encoded 109,384 characters, adding 2,088 new characters. === New blocks === * '''Mandaic''' (U+0840-U+085F), containing 29 letters for Mandaic script, was added. * '''Batak''' (U+1BC0-U+1BFF), containing 56 letters for Batak script, was added. * '''Ethiopic Extended-A''' (U+AB00-U+AB2F), containing 32 letters for Gamo-Gofa-Dawro, Basketo and Gumuz Ethiopic syllables, was added. * '''Brahmi''' (U+11000-U+1107F), containing 108 characters for ancient Brahmi abugida, was added. * '''Bamum Supplement''' (U+16800-U+16A3F), containing 761 letters for additional Bamum script, was added. * '''Kana Supplement''' (U+1B000-U+1B0FF), containing 2 characters for archaic katakana, was added. * '''Playing Cards''' (U+1F0A0-U+1F0FF), containing 59 playing cards, was added. * '''Miscellaneous Symbols and Pictographs''' (U+1F300-U+1F5FF), containing 529 additional symbols, was added. * '''Emoticons''' (U+1F600-U+1F64F), containing 63 faces, cat faces and gesture symbols, was added. * '''Transport and Map Symbols''' (U+1F680-U+1F6FF), containing 70 transportation, traffic signs and other symbols, was added. * '''Alchemical Symbols''' (U+1F700-U+1F77F), containing 116 symbols for elements, was added. * '''CJK Unified Ideographs Extension D''' (U+2B740-U+2B81F), containing 222 miscellaneous Han ideographs, was added. === Extended blocks === * Azerbaijani letters (total 2 characters) were added to '''Cyrillic Supplement'''. (U+0526-U+0527) * Kashmiri Yeh and Wavy hamza below (total 2 characters) were added to '''Arabic'''. (U+0620 and U+065F) * Dependent vowel signs and letters used in Kashmiri and Bihari (total 10 characters) were added to '''Devanagari'''. (U+093A-U+093B, U+094F, U+0956-U+0957 and U+0973-U+0977) * Fraction signs (total 6 characters) were added to '''Oriya'''. (U+0B72-U+0B77) * Letters used in scholarly only and letter dot reph (total 3 characters) were added to '''Malayalam'''. (U+0D29, U+0D3A and U+0D4E) * Leading and Trailing Mchan Rtags (total 6 characters) were added to '''Tibetan'''. (U+0F8C-U+0F8F, U+0FD9-U+0FDA) * Additional combining marks (total 2 characters) were added to '''Ethiopic'''. (U+135D-U+135E) * Combining Double Inverted Breve Below (᷼) (total 1 character) was added to '''Combining Diacritical Marks Supplement'''. (U+1DFC) * Miscellaneous subscript letters (total 8 characters) were added to '''Superscripts and Subscripts'''. (U+2095-U+209C) * Indian Rupee Sign (₹) (total 1 character) was added to '''Currency Symbols'''. (U+20B9) * Pointing double triangle and additional mechanical symbols (total 11 characters) were added to '''Miscellaneous Technical'''. (U+23E9-U+23F3) * Ophiuchus, astronomical symbol for Uranus and pentagrams (total 6 characters) were added to '''Miscellaneous Symbols'''. (U+26CE, U+26E2 and U+26E4-U+26E7) * Additional heavy punctation marks, raised fist, raised hand, sparkles, heavy arithmetic symbols and curly loops (total 16 characters) were added to '''Dingbats'''. (U+2705, U+270A-U+270B, U+2728, U+274C, U+274E, U+2753-U+2755, U+275F-U+2760, U+2795-U+2797, U+27B0 and U+27BF) * Squared logicals (total 2 characters) were added to '''Miscellaneous Mathematical Symbols-A'''. (U+27CE-U+27CF) * Separator mark and consonant joiner (total 2 characters) were added to '''Tifinagh'''. (U+2D70 and U+2D7F) * Bopomofo for Hmu and Ge (total 3 characters) were added to '''Bopomofo Extended'''. (U+31B8-U+31BA) * Reversed Tse (total 2 characters) were added to '''Cyrillic Extended-B'''. (U+A660-U+A661) * Additional letters (total 15 characters) were added to '''Latin Extended-D'''. (U+A78D-U+A78E, U+A790-U+A791, U+A7A0-U+A7A9 and U+A7FA) * Pedagogical symbols (total 16 characters) were added to '''Arabic Presentation Forms-A'''. (U+FBB2-U+FBC1) * Additional squared, black circled and squared letters and regional indicator letters (total 107 characters) were added to '''Enclosed Alphanumeric Supplement'''. (U+1F130, U+1F132-U+1F13C, U+1F13E, U+1F140-U+1F141, U+1F143-U+1F145, U+1F147-U+1F149, U+1F14F, U+1F150-U+1F156, U+1F158-U+1F15E, U+1F160-U+1F169, U+1F170-U+1F178, U+1F17A, U+1F17D-U+1F17E, U+1F180-U+1F189, U+1F18E-U+1F18F, U+1F191-U+1F19A and U+1F1E6-U+1F1FF) * Squared katakana, squared ideographs and circled advantage and accept (total 13 characters) were added to '''Enclosed Ideographic Supplement'''. (U+1F201-U+1F202, U+1F232-U+1F23A and U+1F250-U+1F251) == Unicode 6.1 == Unicode 6.1 was released on January 31st, 2012. It encoded 110,116 characters, adding 732 new characters. === New blocks === * '''Arabic Extended-A''' (U+08A0-U+08FF), containing 39 characters, was added. * '''Sundanese Supplement''' (U+1CC0-U+1CCF), containing 8 characters, was added. * '''Meetei Mayek Extensions''' (U+AAE0-U+AAFF), containing 23 characters, was added. * '''Meroitic Hieroglyphs''' (U+10980-U+1099F), containing 32 characters, was added. * '''Meroitic Cursive''' (U+109A0-U+109FF), containing 26 characters, was added. * '''Sora Sompeng''' (U+110D0-U+110FF), containing 35 characters, was added. * '''Chakma''' (U+11100-U+1114F), containing 67 characters, was added. * '''Sharada''' (U+11180-U+111DF), containing 83 characters, was added. * '''Takri''' (U+11680-U+116CF), containing 66 characters, was added. * '''Miao''' (U+16F00-U+16F9F), containing 133 characters, was added. * '''Arabic Mathematical Alphabetic Symbols''' (U+1EE00-U+1EEFF), containing 143 characters, was added. === Extended blocks === * An Armenian Dram sign (total 1 character) was added to '''Armenian'''. (U+058F) * A sign Samvat (total 1 character) was added to '''Arabic'''. (U+0604) * An Abbreviation mark (total 1 character) was added to '''Gujarati'''. (U+0AF0) * Letters for Khmu (total 2 characters) were added to '''Lao'''. (U+0EDE-U+0EDF) * Capital letter Yn, letter Aen, Hard and Labial sign (total 5 characters) were added to '''Georgian'''. (U+10C7, U+10CD and U+10FD-U+10FF) * Letters and signs for Old Sundanese (total 9 characters) were added to '''Sundanese'''. (U+1BAB-U+1BAD and U+1BBA-U+1BBF) * Sign Rotated Ardhavisarga, Candra Above, Jihvamuliya and Uphadhmaniya (total 4 characters) were added to '''Vedic Extensions'''. (U+1CF3-U+1CF6) * Mathematical diagonals (total 2 characters) were added to '''Miscellaneous Mathematical Symbols-A'''. (U+27CB and U+27CD) * A letter Bohairic Khei (total 2 characters) were added to '''Coptic'''. (U+2CF2-U+2CF3) * Small letters Yn and Aen (total 2 characters) were added to '''Georgian Supplement'''. (U+2D27 and U+2D2D) * Letters Ye and Yo (total 2 characters) were added to '''Tifinagh'''. (U+2D66-U+2D67) * (total 10 characters) were added to '''Supplemental Punctuation'''. (U+2E32-U+2E3B) * An additional ideograph for Kanji (total 1 character) was added to '''CJK Unified Ideographs'''. (U+9FCC) * Combining letter for Slavonic (total 9 characters) were added to '''Cyrillic Extended-B'''. (U+A674-U+A67B and U+A69F) * Letter C with Bar, capital letter H with Hook and modifier letters for extended IPA (total 5 characters) were added to '''Latin Extended-D'''. (U+A792-U+A793, U+A7AA and U+A7F8-U+A7F9) * Some additional ideographs for Korea (total 2 characters) were added to '''CJK Compatibility Ideographs'''. (U+FA2E-U+FA2F) * Symbols for Canadian legal use (total 2 characters) were added to '''Enclosed Alphanumeric Supplement'''. (U+1F16A-U+1F16B) * Typikon symbols (total 4 characters) were added to '''Miscellaneous Symbols and Pictographs'''. (U+1F540-U+1F543) * (total 13 characters) were added to '''Emoticons'''. (U+1F600, U+1F611, U+1F615, U+1F617, U+1F619, U+1F61B, U+1F61F, U+1F626-U+1F627, U+1F62C, U+1F62E-U+1F62F and U+1F634) == Unicode 6.2 == Unicode 6.2 was released on September 26th, 2012. It encoded 110,117 characters, adding only 1 new character. === Extended blocks === * A Turkish Lira sign (total 1 character) was added to '''Currency Symbols'''. (U+20BA) == Unicode 6.3 == Unicode 6.3 was released in September 30, 2013. It encoded 110,122 characters, adding only 5 new characters. === Extended blocks === * A Letter mark (total 1 character) was added to '''Arabic'''. (U+061C) * Isolate directional format characters (total 4 characters) were added to '''General Punctuation'''. (U+2066-U+2069) == Unicode 7.0 == Unicode 7.0 was released on June 16th, 2014. It encoded 112,956 characters, adding 2,834 new characters. === New blocks === * '''Combining Diacritical Marks Extended''' (U+1AB0-U+1AFF), containing 15 marks, was added. * '''Myanmar Extended-B''' (U+A9E0-U+A9FF), containing 31 letters, was added. * '''Latin Extended-E''' (U+AB30-U+AB6F), containing 50 letters, was added. * '''Coptic Epact Numbers''' (U+102E0-U+102FF), containing 28 numbers, was added. * '''Old Permic''' (U+10350-U+1037F), containing 43 letters, was added. * '''Elbasan''' (U+10500-U+1052F), containing 50 letters, was added. * '''Caucasian Albanian''' (U+10530-U+1056F), containing 53 letters and marks, was added. * '''Linear A''' (U+10600-U+1077F), containing 341 signs, was added. * '''Palmyrene''' (U+10860-U+1087F), containing 32 letters, was added. * '''Nabataean''' (U+10880-U+108AF), containing 40 letters and numbers, was added. * '''Old North Arabian''' (U+10A80-U+10A9F), containing 32 letters and numbers, was added. * '''Manichaean''' (U+10AC0-U+10AFF), containing 51 characters, was added. * '''Psalter Pahlavi''' (U+10B80-U+10BAF), containing 29 characters, was added. * '''Mahajani''' (U+11150-U+1117F), containing 39 letters and signs, was added. * '''Sinhala Archaic Numbers''' (U+111E0-U+111FF), containing 20 numbers, was added. * '''Khojki''' (U+11200-U+1124F), containing 61 characters, was added. * '''Khudawadi''' (U+112B0-U+112FF), containing 69 characters, was added. * '''Grantha''' (U+11300-U+1137F), containing 83 characters, was added. * '''Tirhuta''' (U+11480-U+114DF), containing 82 characters, was added. * '''Siddham''' (U+11580-U+115FF), containing 72 characters, was added. * '''Modi''' (U+11600-U+1165F), containing 79 characters, was added. * '''Warang Citi''' (U+118A0-U+118FF), containing 84 letters and numbers, was added. * '''Pau Cin Hau''' (U+11AC0-U+11AFF), containing 57 characters, was added. * '''Mro''' (U+16A40-U+16A6F), containing 43 characters, was added. * '''Bassa Vah''' (U+16AD0-U+16AFF), containing 36 characters, was added. * '''Pahawh Hmong''' (U+16B00-U+16B8F), containing 127 letters and signs, was added. * '''Duployan''' (U+1BC00-U+1BC9F), containing 143 characters, was added. * '''Shorthand Format Controls''' (U+1BCA0-U+1BCAF), containing 4 format characters, was added. * '''Mende Kikakui''' (U+1E800-U+1E8DF), containing 213 syllables and numbers, was added. * '''Ornamental Dingbats''' (U+1F650-U+1F67F), containing 48 pictographic characters, was added. * '''Geometric Shapes Extended''' (U+1F780-U+1F7FF), containing 85 pictographic characters, was added. * '''Supplemental Arrows-C''' (U+1F800-U+1F8FF), containing 148 pictographic characters, was added. === Extended blocks === * A capital letter Yot (total 1 character) was added to '''Greek and Coptic'''. (U+037F) * Letters for Orok, Komi and Khanty (total 8 characters) were added to '''Cyrillic Supplement'''. (U+0528-U+052F) * An Eternity sign (total 2 characters) were added to '''Armenian'''. (U+058D-U+058E) * A Number Mark Above (total 1 character) was added to '''Arabic'''. (U+0605) * Letters for African, Philippine, Turkic, Berber, Belarusian, Palula and Shina languages (total 8 characters) were added to '''Arabic Extended-A'''. (U+08A1, U+08AD-U+08B2 and U+08FF) * A letter for Marwari (total 1 character) was added to '''Devanagari'''. (U+0978) * A sign Anji (total 1 character) was added to '''Bengali'''. (U+0980) * Sign Candrabindu and letter Llla (total 2 characters) were added to '''Telugu'''. (U+0C00 and U+0C34) * A Sign Candrabindu (total 1 character) was added to '''Kannada'''. (U+0C81) * A Sign Candrabindu (total 1 character) was added to '''Malayalam'''. (U+0D01) * Lith Numerals (total 10 characters) were added to '''Sinhala'''. (U+0DE6-U+0DEF) * Additional Old English runes (total 8 characters) were added to '''Runic'''. (U+16F1-U+16F8) * Letters Gyan and Tra (total 2 characters) were added to '''Limbu'''. (U+191D-U+191E) * Signs for Jaiminiya Sama Veda (total 2 characters) were added to '''Vedic Extensions'''. (U+1CF8-U+1CF9) * Marks for Germanic and American lexicology (total 15 characters) were added to '''Combining Diacritical Marks Supplement'''. (U+1DE7-U+1DF5) * Nordic Mark, Manat and Ruble sign (total 3 characters) were added to '''Currency Symbols'''. (U+20BB-U+20BD) * Playback symbols from Webdings font (total 7 characters) were added to '''Miscellaneous Technical'''. (U+23F4-U+23FA) * A Scissors symbol from Wingdings 2 font (total 1 character) was added to '''Dingbats'''. (U+2700) * Arrows for Lithuanian dialectology and symbols from Wingdings 3 font (total 115 characters) were added to '''Miscellaneous Symbols and Arrows'''. (U+2B4D-U+2B4F, U+2B5A-U+2B5F, U+2B60-U+2B73, U+2B76-U+2B95, U+2B98-U+2BB9, U+2BBD-U+2BC8 and U+2BCA-U+2BD1) * (total 7 characters) were added to '''Supplemental Punctuation'''. (U+2E3C-U+2E42) * Early Cyrillic letters and letters for Lithuanian dialectology (total 6 characters) were added to '''Cyrillic Extended-B'''. (U+A698-U+A69D) * Letters for European, American and African orthography (total 18 characters) were added to '''Latin Extended-D'''. (U+A794-U+A79F, U+A7AB-U+A7AD, U+A7B0-U+A7B1 and U+A7F7) * Tone marks for Tai Laing and letters for Shwe Palaung (total 4 characters) were added to '''Myanmar Extended-A'''. (U+AA7C-U+AA7F) * Combining phonetic marks (total 7 characters) were added to '''Combining Half Marks'''. (U+FE27-U+FE2D) * Additional mathematical symbols (total 2 characters) were added to '''Ancient Greek Numbers'''. (U+1018B-U+1018C) * A Greek Tau Rho symbol (total 1 character) was added to '''Ancient Symbols'''. (U+101A0) * A letter Ess (total 1 character) was added to '''Old Italic'''. (U+1031F) * A Number Joiner (total 1 character) was added to '''Brahmi'''. (U+1107F) * Sutra mark and sign Ekam (total 2 characters) were added to '''Sharada'''. (U+111CD and U+111DA) * Additional cuneiform signs (total 42 characters) were added to '''Cuneiform'''. (U+1236F-U+12398) * Additional numbers, vulgar fractions and a punctuation mark (total 13 characters) were added to '''Cuneiform Numbers and Punctuation'''. (U+12463-U+1246E and U+12474) * Red Joker, Fool and trumps (total 23 characters) were added to '''Playing Cards'''. (U+1F0BF and U+1F0E0-U+1F0F5) * Dingbat normal and negative sans-serif digit zero (total 2 characters) were added to '''Enclosed Alphanumeric Supplement'''. (U+1F10B-U+1F10C) * Symbols from Webdings, Wingdings 1 and 2 font (total 209 characters) were added to '''Miscellaneous Symbols and Pictographs'''. (U+1F321-U+1F32C, U+1F336, U+1F37D, U+1F394-U+1F39F, U+1F3C5, U+1F3CB-U+1F3CE, U+1F3D4-U+1F3DF, U+1F3F1-U+1F3F7, U+1F43F, U+1F441, U+1F4F8, U+1F4FD-U+1F4FE, U+1F53E-U+1F53F, U+1F544-U+1F54A, U+1F568-U+1F579, U+1F57B-U+1F5A3 and U+1F5A5-U+1F5FA) * Slightly frowning and smiling faces emoji (total 2 characters) were added to '''Emoticons'''. (U+1F641-U+1F642) * Symbols from Webdings and Wingdings 2 font (total 27 characters) were added to '''Transport and Map Symbols'''. (U+1F6C6-U+1F6CF, U+1F6E0-U+1F6EC and U+1F6F0-U+1F6F3) == Unicode 8.0 == Unicode 8.0 was released on June 17th, 2015. It encoded 120,672 characters, adding 7,716 new characters. === New blocks === * '''Cherokee Supplement''' (U+AB70-U+ABBF), containing 80 lowercase letters, was added. * '''Hatran''' (U+108E0-U+108FF), containing 26 letters, was added. * '''Old Hungarian''' (U+10C80-U+10CFF), containing 108 letters, was added. * '''Multani''' (U+11280-U+112AF), containing 38 letters, was added. * '''Ahom''' (U+11700-U+1173F), containing 57 letters, was added. * '''Early Dynastic Cuneiform''' (U+12480-U+1254F), containing 196 characters, was added. * '''Anatolian Hieroglyphs''' (U+14400-U+1467F), containing 583 characters, was added. * '''Sutton SignWriting''' (U+1D800-U+1DAAF), containing 672 signs, was added. * '''Supplemental Symbols and Pictographs''' (U+1F900-U+1F9FF), containing 15 pictographic characters, was added. * '''CJK Unified Ideographs Extension E''' (U+2B820-U+2CEAF), containing 5762 characters, was added. === Extended blocks === * Letters for Arwi (total 3 characters) were added to '''Arabic Extended-A'''. (U+08B3-U+08B4 and U+08E3) * A letter for Avestan transliteration (total 1 character) was added to '''Gujarati'''. (U+0AF9) * A letter for Andhra Pradesh (total 1 character) was added to '''Telugu'''. (U+0C5A) * An archaic letter II (total 1 character) was added to '''Malayalam'''. (U+0D5F) * A letter Mv and small letters (total 7 characters) were added to '''Cherokee'''. (U+13F5 and U+13F8-U+13FD) * A Georgian Lari sign (total 1 character) was added to '''Currency Symbols'''. (U+20BE) * Turned digits (total 2 characters) were added to '''Number Forms'''. (U+218A-U+218B) * Two headed arrows with triangle arrowheads (total 4 characters) were added to '''Miscellaneous Symbols and Arrows'''. (U+2BEC-U+2BEF) * Some additional ideographs (total 9 characters) were added to '''CJK Unified Ideographs'''. (U+9FCD-U+9FD5) * A combining letter Ef (total 1 character) was added to '''Cyrillic Extended-B'''. (U+A69E) * Sinological dot, phonetic extension for African languages, letters for American and Gabonese orthography (total 7 characters) were added to '''Latin Extended-D'''. (U+A78F and U+A7B2-U+A7B7) * Sign Siddham and letter Jain Om (total 2 characters) were added to '''Devanagari Extended'''. (U+A8FC-U+A8FD) * Letters for Yakut transliteration (total 4 characters) were added to '''Latin Extended-E'''. (U+AB60-U+AB63) * A combining mark for Church Slavonic (total 2 characters) were added to '''Combining Half Marks'''. (U+FE2E-U+FE2F) * Numerals and vulgar fractions (total 64 characters) were added to '''Meroitic Cursive'''. (U+109BC-U+109BD, U+109C0-U+109CF and U+109D2-U+109FF) * Sandhi mark, diacritical marks for Kashmiri, sign Siddham and punctuation marks (total 9 characters) were added to '''Sharada'''. (U+111C9-U+111CC and U+111DB-U+111DF) * Combining Anusvara Above and letter Om (total 2 characters) were added to '''Grantha'''. (U+11300 and U+11350) * Section marks and alternate letters (total 20 characters) were added to '''Siddham'''. (U+115CA-U+115DD) * An additional sign (total 1 character) was added to '''Cuneiform'''. (U+12399) * East-Slavic musical symbols (total 11 characters) were added to '''Musical Symbols'''. (U+1D1DE-U+1D1E8) * (total 24 characters) were added to '''Miscellaneous Symbols and Pictographs'''. (U+1F32D-U+1F32F, U+1F37E-U+1F37F, U+1F3CF-U+1F3D3, U+1F3F8-U+1F3FF, U+1F4FF and U+1F54B-U+1F54F) * Upside Down Face and Face With Rolling Eyes emoji (total 2 characters) were added to '''Emoticons'''. (U+1F643-U+1F644) * A Place of Worship emoji (total 1 character) was added to '''Transport and Map Symbols'''. (U+1F6D0) == Unicode 9.0 == Unicode 9.0, was released on June 21st, 2016. It encoded 128,172 characters, adding 7,500 new characters. === New blocks === * '''Cyrillic Extended-C''' (U+1C80-U+1C8F), containing 9 letters, was added. * '''Osage''' (U+104B0-U+104FF), containing 72 letters, was added. * '''Newa''' (U+11400-U+1147F), containing 92 letters, was added. * '''Mongolian Supplement''' (U+11660-U+1167F), containing 13 letters, was added. * '''Bhaiksuki''' (U+11C00-U+11C6F), containing 97 letters, was added. * '''Marchen''' (U+11C70-U+11CBF), containing 68 letters, was added. * '''Ideographic Symbols and Punctuation''' (U+16FE0-U+16FFF), containing 1 letter, was added. * '''Tangut''' (U+17000-U+187FF), containing 6125 letters, was added. * '''Tangut Components''' (U+18800-U+18AFF), containing 755 letters, was added. * '''Glagolitic Supplement''' (U+1E000-U+1E02F), containing 38 letters, was added. * '''Adlam''' (U+1E900-U+1E95F), containing 87 letters, was added. === Extended blocks === * Letters for Bravanese, Warsh and Quranic marks used in Pakistan (total 23 characters) were added to '''Arabic Extended-A'''. (U+08B6-U+08BD and U+08D4-U+08E2) * A sign Spacing Candrabindu (total 1 character) were added to '''Kannada'''. (U+0C80) * Sign Para, Chillu letters and vulgar fractions (total 14 characters) were added to '''Malayalam'''. (U+0D4F, U+0D54-U+0D56, U+0D58-U+0D5E and U+0D76-U+0D78) * A diacritical mark for Newa (total 1 character) was added to '''Combining Diacritical Marks Supplement'''. (U+1DFB) * Power symbols (total 4 characters) were added to '''Miscellaneous Technical'''. (U+23FB-U+23FE) * Punctuation marks for Church Slavonic (total 2 characters) were added to '''Supplemental Punctuation'''. (U+2E43-U+2E44) * A letter for Unifon (total 1 character) was added to '''Latin Extended-D'''. (U+A7AE) * A sign Candrabindu (total 1 character) was added to '''Saurashtra'''. (U+A8C5) * Indiction sign and a currency symbol (total 2 characters) were added to '''Ancient Greek Numbers'''. (U+1018D-U+1018E) * A sign Sukun (total 1 character) was added to '''Khojki'''. (U+1123E) * Japanese TV symbols (total 18 characters) were added to '''Enclosed Alphanumeric Supplement'''. (U+1F19B-U+1F1AC) * A Japanese TV symbol (total 1 character) was added to '''Enclosed Ideographic Supplement'''. (U+1F23B) * A dancing man and Black Heart emoji (total 2 characters) were added to '''Miscellaneous Symbols and Pictographs'''. (U+1F57A and U+1F5A4) * Octagonal Sign, Shopping Trolley, scooters and a Canoe emoji (total 5 characters) were added to '''Transport and Map Symbols'''. (U+1F6D1-U+1F6D2 and U+1F6F4-U+1F6F6) * (total 67 characters) were added to '''Supplemental Symbols and Pictographs'''. (U+1F919-U+1F91E, U+1F920-U+1F927, U+1F930, U+1F933-U+1F93E, U+1F940-U+1F94B, U+1F950-U+1F95E and U+1F985-U+1F991) ===Variation Sequences=== Here is a table with new standardized variation sequences: {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" |- !Character Sequence !Context !Description of Variation Appearance |- |0030 FE00 | |short diagonal stroke form # DIGIT ZERO |- |1000 FE00 | |dotted form # MYANMAR LETTER KA |- |1002 FE00 | |dotted form # MYANMAR LETTER GA |- |1004 FE00 | |dotted form # MYANMAR LETTER NGA |- |1010 FE00 | |dotted form # MYANMAR LETTER TA |- |1011 FE00 | |dotted form # MYANMAR LETTER THA |- |1015 FE00 | |dotted form # MYANMAR LETTER PA |- |1019 FE00 | |dotted form # MYANMAR LETTER MA |- |101A FE00 | |dotted form # MYANMAR LETTER YA |- |101C FE00 | |dotted form # MYANMAR LETTER LA |- |101D FE00 | |dotted form # MYANMAR LETTER WA |- |1022 FE00 | |dotted form # MYANMAR LETTER SHAN A |- |1031 FE00 | |dotted form # MYANMAR VOWEL SIGN E |- |1075 FE00 | |dotted form # MYANMAR LETTER SHAN KA |- |1078 FE00 | |dotted form # MYANMAR LETTER SHAN CA |- |107A FE00 | |dotted form # MYANMAR LETTER SHAN NYA |- |1080 FE00 | |dotted form # MYANMAR LETTER SHAN THA |- |2205 FE00 | |zero with long diagonal stroke overlay form # EMPTY SET |- |AA60 FE00 | |dotted form # MYANMAR LETTER KHAMTI GA |- |AA61 FE00 | |dotted form # MYANMAR LETTER KHAMTI CA |- |AA62 FE00 | |dotted form # MYANMAR LETTER KHAMTI CHA |- |AA63 FE00 | |dotted form # MYANMAR LETTER KHAMTI JA |- |AA64 FE00 | |dotted form # MYANMAR LETTER KHAMTI JHA |- |AA65 FE00 | |dotted form # MYANMAR LETTER KHAMTI NYA |- |AA66 FE00 | |dotted form # MYANMAR LETTER KHAMTI TTA |- |AA6B FE00 | |dotted form # MYANMAR LETTER KHAMTI NA |- |AA6C FE00 | |dotted form # MYANMAR LETTER KHAMTI SA |- |AA6F FE00 | |dotted form # MYANMAR LETTER KHAMTI FA |- |AA7A FE00 | |dotted form # MYANMAR LETTER AITON RA |- |… | |278 additional emoji variation sequences |} == Unicode 10.0 == Unicode 10.0, was released on June 20th, 2017. It encoded 136,690 characters, adding 8,518 new characters. === New blocks === * '''Syriac Supplement''' (U+0860-U+086F), containing 11 characters, was added. * '''Zanabazar Square''' (U+11A00-U+11A4F), containing 72 characters, was added. * '''Soyombo''' (U+11A50-U+11AAF), containing 80 characters, was added. * '''Masaram Gondi''' (U+11D00-U+11D5F), containing 75 characters, was added. * '''Kana Extended-A''' (U+1B100-U+1B12F), containing 31 characters, was added. * '''Nushu''' (U+1B170-U+1B2FF), containing 396 characters, was added. * '''CJK Unified Ideographs Extension F''' (U+2CEB0-U+2EBEF), containing 7,473 characters, was added. === Extended blocks === * A Vedic Anusvara and Abbreviation mark (total 2 characters) were added to '''Bengali'''. (U+09FC-U+09FD) * Letters for Arabic transliteration (total 6 characters) were added to '''Gujarati'''. (U+0AFA-U+0AFF) * A combining Anusvara Above and Viramas (total 3 characters) were added to '''Malayalam'''. (U+0D00 and U+0D3B-U+0D3C) * A sign Atikrama (total 1 character) was added to '''Vedic Extensions'''. (U+1CF7) * Combining diacritical marks for Church Slavonic (total 4 characters) were added to '''Combining Diacritical Marks Supplement'''. (U+1DF6-U+1DF9) * A Bitcoin sign (total 1 character) was added to '''Currency Symbols'''. (U+20BF) * An Observe Eye symbol (total 1 character) was added to '''Miscellaneous Technical'''. (U+23FF) * A Group mark (total 1 character) was added to '''Miscellaneous Symbols and Arrows'''. (U+2BD2) * Medieval punctuation marks (total 5 characters) were added to '''Supplemental Punctuation'''. (U+2E45-U+2E49) * A letter O with Dot Above (total 1 character) was added to '''Bopomofo'''. (U+312E) * Ideographs for Slavonic transliteration (total 21 characters) were added to '''CJK Unified Ideographs'''. (U+9FD6-U+9FEA) * Letters for North Italic (total 3 characters) were added to '''Old Italic'''. (U+1032D-U+1032F) * An Iteration mark for Nushu (total 1 character) was added to '''Ideographic Symbols and Punctuation'''. (U+16FE1) * Letters for Hentaigana (total 254 characters) were added to '''Kana Supplement'''. (U+1B002-U+1B0FF) * Symbols for Chinese Folk religion (total 6 characters) were added to '''Enclosed Ideographic Supplement'''. (U+1F260-U+1F265) * Stupa, Pagoda, Sled and Flying Saucer emoji (total 4 characters) were added to '''Transport and Map Symbols'''. (U+1F6D3-U+1F6D4 and U+1F6F7-U+1F6F8) * (total 66 characters) were added to '''Supplemental Symbols and Pictographs'''. (U+1F900-U+1F90B, U+1F91F, U+1F928-U+1F92F, U+1F931-U+1F932, U+1F94C, U+1F95F-U+1F96B, U+1F992-U+1F997 and U+1F9D0-U+1F9E6) == Unicode 11.0 == Unicode 11.0, was released on June 5th, 2018. It encoded 137,374 characters, adding 684 new characters. === New blocks === * '''Georgian Extended''' (U+1C90-U+1CBF), containing 46 characters, was added. * '''Hanifi Rohingya''' (U+10D00-U+10D3F), containing 50 characters, was added. * '''Old Sogdian''' (U+10F00-U+10F2F), containing 40 characters, was added. * '''Sogdian''' (U+10F30-U+10F6F), containing 42 characters, was added. * '''Dogra''' (U+11800-U+1184F), containing 60 characters, was added. * '''Gunjala Gondi''' (U+11D60-U+11DAF), containing 63 characters, was added. * '''Makasar''' (U+11EE0-U+11EFF), containing 25 characters, was added. * '''Medefaidrin''' (U+16E40-U+16E9F), containing 91 characters, was added. * '''Mayan Numerals''' (U+1D2E0-U+1D2FF), containing 20 characters, was added. * '''Indic Siyaq Numbers''' (U+1EC70-U+1ECBF), containing 68 characters, was added. * '''Chess Symbols''' (U+1FA00-U+1FA6F), containing 14 characters, was added. === Extended blocks === * Small letters Turned Ayb and Yi with Stroke (total 2 characters) were added to '''Armenian'''. (U+0560 and U+0588) * A triangle Yod (total 1 character) were added to '''Hebrew'''. (U+05EF) * A Dantayalan and currency symbols (total 3 characters) were added to '''N'Ko'''. (U+07FD-U+07FF) * A Small Low Waw (total 1 character) was added to '''Arabic Extended-A'''. (U+08D3) * A Sandhi mark (total 1 character) was added to '''Bengali'''. (U+09FE) * An Abbreviation mark (total 1 character) was added to '''Gurmukhi'''. (U+0A76) * A combining Anusvara Above (total 1 character) was added to '''Telugu'''. (U+0C04) * A sign Siddham (total 1 character) was added to '''Kannada'''. (U+0C84) * A letter for Buryat (total 1 character) was added to '''Mongolian'''. (U+1878) * Symbols for chess notation, astrological and half star symbols (total 43 characters) were added to '''Miscellaneous Symbols and Arrows'''. (U+2BBA-U+2BBC, U+2BD3-U+2BEB and 2BF0-U+2BFE) * Medieval punctuation marks (total 5 characters) were added to '''Supplemental Punctuation'''. (U+2E4A-U+2E4E) * A letter NN (total 1 character) was added to '''Bopomofo'''. (U+312F) * Some ideographs for Kanji (total 5 characters) were added to '''CJK Unified Ideographs'''. (U+9FEB-U+9FEF) * A small capital Q and a letter for Mazahua (total 3 characters) were added to '''Latin Extended-D'''. (U+A7AF and U+A7B8-U+A7B9) * Letter and vowel sign Ay (total 2 characters) were added to '''Devanagari Extended'''. (U+A8FE-U+A8FF) * Letters Ttta, Vha and a vulgar fraction (total 3 characters) were added to '''Kharoshthi'''. (U+10A34-U+10A35 and U+10A48) * A Number Sign Above (total 1 character) was added to '''Kaithi'''. (U+110CD) * Letter Lhaa, vowel sign Aa and Ei (total 3 characters) were added to '''Chakma'''. (U+11144-U+11146) * A combining Bindu Below (total 1 character) was added to '''Grantha'''. (U+1133B) * A Sandhi mark (total 1 character) was added to '''Newa'''. (U+1145E) * An alternate letter Ba (total 1 character) was added to '''Ahom'''. (U+1171A) * A mark Pluta (total 1 character) was added to '''Soyombo'''. (U+11A9D) * Additional ideographs (total 5 characters) were added to '''Tangut'''. (U+187ED-U+187F1) * Tally marks (total 7 characters) were added to '''Counting Rod Numerals'''. (U+1D372-U+1D378) * A Copyleft symbol (total 1 character) was added to '''Enclosed Alphanumeric Supplement'''. (U+1F12F) * A Skateboard emoji (total 1 character) was added to '''Transport and Map Symbols'''. (U+1F6F9) * Normal and negative circled shapes (total 4 characters) were added to '''Geometric Shapes Extended'''. (U+1F7D5-U+1F7D8) * (total 65 characters) were added to '''Supplemental Symbols and Pictographs'''. (U+1F94D-U+1F94F, U+1F96C-U+1F970, U+1F973-U+1F976, U+1F97A, U+1F97C-U+1F97F, U+1F998-U+1F99F, U+1F9A0-U+1F9A2, U+1F9B0-U+1F9B9, U+1F9C1-U+1F9C2 and U+1F9E7-U+1F9FF) ===Variation Sequences=== Here is a table with new standardized variation sequences: {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" |- !Character Sequence !Context !Description of Variation Appearance |- |FF10 FE00 | |short diagonal stroke form # FULLWIDTH DIGIT ZERO |} == Unicode 12.0 == Unicode 12.0 was released on March 5th, 2019. It encoded 137,928 characters, adding 554 new characters. === New blocks === * '''Elymaic''' (U+10FE0-U+10FFF), containing 23 characters, was added. * '''Nandinagari''' (U+119A0-U+119FF), containing 65 characters, was added. * '''Tamil Supplement''' (U+11FC0-U+11FFF), containing 51 characters, was added. * '''Egyptian Hieroglyph Format Controls''' (U+13430-U+1343F), containing 9 characters, was added. * '''Small Kana Extension''' (U+1B130-U+1B16F), containing 7 characters, was added. * '''Nyiakeng Puachue Hmong''' (U+1E100-U+1E14F), containing 71 characters, was added. * '''Wancho''' (U+1E2C0-U+1E2FF), containing 59 characters, was added. * '''Ottoman Siyaq Numbers''' (U+1ED00-U+1ED4F), containing 61 characters, was added. * '''Symbols and Pictographs Extended-A''' (U+1FA70-U+1FAFF), containing 16 characters, was added. === Extended blocks === * A sign Siddham (total 1 character) was added to '''Telugu'''. (U+0C77) * Letters for Pail and Sanskrit (total 15 characters) were added to '''Lao'''. (U+0E86, U+0E89, U+0E8C, U+0E8E-U+0E93, U+0E98, U+0EA0, U+0EA8-U+0EA9, U+0EAC and U+0EBA) * A sign Double Anusvara Antargomukha (total 1 character) was added to '''Vedic Extensions'''. (U+1CFA) * An astrological symbol and Hellschreiber Pause symbol (total 2 characters) were added to '''Miscellaneous Symbols and Arrows'''. (U+2BC9 and U+2BFF) * A Cornish Verse Divider (total 1 character) was added to '''Supplemental Punctuation'''. (U+2E4F) * Egyptological letters, Anglicana W and letters for early Pinyin (total 11 characters) were added to '''Latin Extended-D'''. (U+A7BA-U+A7BF and U+A7C2-U+A7C6) *Sinological phonetic letters (total 2 characters) were added to '''Latin Extended-E'''. (U+AB66-U+AB67) * A Vedic Anusvara (total 1 character) was added to '''Newa'''. (U+1145F) * An archaic letter Kha (total 1 character) was added to '''Takri'''. (U+116B8) * Sign Jihvamuliya and Uphadhmaniya (total 2 characters) were added to '''Soyombo'''. (U+11A84-U+11A85) * Letters for various Yi and Miao languages (total 16 characters) were added to '''Miao'''. (U+16F45-U+16F4A, U+16F4F and U+16F7F-U+16F87) * Marks for Ancient Chinese texts (total 2 characters) were added to '''Ideographic Symbols and Punctuation'''. (U+16FE2-U+16FE3) * Some additional ideographs (total 6 characters) were added to '''Tangut'''. (U+187F2-U+187F7) * A Nasalization mark (total 1 character) was added to '''Adlam'''. (U+1E94B) * A Spanish and Portuguese register mark (total 1 character) was added to '''Enclosed Alphanumeric Supplement'''. (U+1F16C) * Hindu Temple and Auto Rickshaw emoji (total 2 characters) were added to '''Transport and Map Symbols'''. (U+1F6D5 and U+1F6FA) * Large colored circles and boxes (total 12 characters) were added to '''Geometric Shapes Extended'''. (U+1F7E0-U+1F7EB) * (total 31 characters) were added to '''Supplemental Symbols and Pictographs'''. (U+1F90D-U+1F90F, U+1F93F, U+1F971, U+1F97B, U+1F9A5-U+1F9AA, U+1F9AE-U+1F9AF, U+1F9BA-U+1F9BF, U+1F9C3-U+1F9CA and U+1F9CD-U+1F9CF) * Heterodox chess symbols (total 84 characters) were added to '''Chess Symbols'''. (U+1FA00-U+1FA53) === Glyph Changes === Here is a table with glyph changes: {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" !Block Name !Code Points !Count |- |Spacing Modifier Letters |02EA, 02EB |2 |- |Vedic Extensions |1CF2..1CF3 |2 |- |Currency Symbols |20A9 |1 |- |CJK Symbols and Punctuation |3001, 3002 |2 |- |Bopomofo |3105..312F |43 |- |Bopomofo Extended |31A0..31BA |27 |- |CJK Unified Ideographs Extension A |37C3, 3B9D, 3CFD, 3FE0, 44EC, 4A76 |6 |- |CJK Unified Ideographs |5344, 55B9, 6ABC, 6FF9, 809E, 80BC, 80E9, 8132, 8159, 841C, 891D, 8C6C, 915E, 9FD4 |14 |- |Phags-pa |A840..A877 |56 |- |Halfwidth and Fullwidth Forms |FF01, FF0C, FF0E, FF1A, FF1B, FF1F |6 |- |CJK Unified Ideographs Extension B |200DD, 20164, 20BBF, 20C02, 20CED, 21D4C, 2278B, 23AB8, 2459B, 24A7D, 24FB9, 25ED7, 2677C, 26B4C, 26C21, 26CBE, 26E3D, 28834, 289A1, 289C0, 28A0F, 28B46 |22 |- |CJK Unified Ideographs Extension C |2A8FB, 2A917, 2AA30 |3 |- |CJK Unified Ideographs Extension E |2BA52, 2BD77, 2C494, 2C72F, 2C734, 2CB38 |6 |- |CJK Unified Ideographs Extension F |2D23B, 2E83A |2 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !192 |} ===Variation Sequences=== Here is a table with new standardized variation sequences: {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" |- !Character Sequence !Context !Description of Variation Appearance |- |3001 FE00 | |corner-justified form # IDEOGRAPHIC COMMA |- |3001 FE01 | |centered form # IDEOGRAPHIC COMMA |- |3002 FE00 | |corner-justified form # IDEOGRAPHIC FULL STOP |- |3002 FE01 | |centered form # IDEOGRAPHIC FULL STOP |- |FF01 FE00 | |corner-justified form # FULLWIDTH EXCLAMATION MARK |- |FF01 FE01 | |centered form # FULLWIDTH EXCLAMATION MARK |- |FF0C FE00 | |corner-justified form # FULLWIDTH COMMA |- |FF0C FE01 | |centered form # FULLWIDTH COMMA |- |FF0E FE00 | |corner-justified form # FULLWIDTH FULL STOP |- |FF0E FE01 | |centered form # FULLWIDTH FULL STOP |- |FF1A FE00 | |corner-justified form # FULLWIDTH COLON |- |FF1A FE01 | |centered form # FULLWIDTH COLON |- |FF1B FE00 | |corner-justified form # FULLWIDTH SEMICOLON |- |FF1B FE01 | |centered form # FULLWIDTH SEMICOLON |- |FF1F FE00 | |corner-justified form # FULLWIDTH QUESTION MARK |- |FF1F FE01 | |centered form # FULLWIDTH QUESTION MARK |} == Unicode 12.1 == Unicode 12.1 was released on May 7th, 2019. It encoded 137,929 characters, adding only 1 new character. === Extended blocks === * A square era name Reiwa (total 1 character) was added to '''Enclosed CJK Letters and Months'''. (U+32FF) == Unicode 13.0 == Unicode 13.0 was released on March 10th, 2020. It encoded 143,859 characters, adding 5,930 new characters. === New blocks === * '''Yezidi''' (U+10E80-U+10EBF), containing 47 characters, was added. * '''Chorasmian''' (U+10FB0-U+10FDF), containing 28 characters, was added. * '''Dives Akuru''' (U+11900-U+1195F), containing 72 characters, was added. * '''Lisu Supplement''' (U+11FB0-U+11FBF), containing 1 character, was added. * '''Khitan Small Script''' (U+18B00-U+18CFF), containing 470 characters, was added. * '''Tangut Supplement''' (U+18D00-U+18D08), containing 9 characters, was added. * '''Symbols for Legacy Computing''' (U+1FB00-U+1FBFF), containing 212 characters, was added. * '''CJK Unified Ideographs Extension G''' (U+30000-U+3134F), containing 4939 characters, was added. === Extended blocks === * Letters for African languages and Punjabi (total 10 characters) were added to '''Arabic Extended-A'''. (U+08BE-U+08C7) * A sign Overline (total 1 character) was added to '''Oriya'''. (U+0B55) * A Vedic Anusvara (total 1 character) was added to '''Malayalam'''. (U+0D04) * A sign Candrabindu (total 1 character) was added to '''Sinhala'''. (U+0D81) * Combining diacritical marks for Scottish phonology (total 2 characters) were added to '''Combining Diacritical Marks Extended'''. (U+1ABF-U+1AC0) * A Japanese symbol for Type A Electronics (total 1 character) was added to '''Miscellaneous Symbols and Arrows'''. (U+2B97) * Cross patties and a Tironian sign Capita Et (total 3 characters) were added to '''Supplemental Punctuation'''. (U+2E50-U+2E52) * Letters for Taiwan and Cantonese language (total 5 characters) were added to '''Bopomofo Extended'''. (U+31BB-U+31BF) * Some disunified ideographs (total 10 characters) were added to '''CJK Unified Ideographs Extension A'''. (U+4DB6-4DBF) * Some ideographs for China (total 13 characters) were added to '''CJK Unified Ideographs'''. (U+9FF0-U+9FFC) * Letters for Gaulish (total 6 characters) were added to '''Latin Extended-D'''. (U+A7C7-U+A7CA and U+A7F5-U+A7F6) * An alternate sign Nasanta (total 1 character) was added to '''Syloti Nagri'''. (U+A82C) * Letter R With Midle Tilde and modifier letters for Scottish phonology (total 4 characters) were added to '''Latin Extended-E'''. (U+AB68-U+AB6B) * A symbol Ascia (total 1 character) was added to '''Ancient Symbols'''. (U+1019C) * A letter for Pali (total 1 character) was added to '''Chakma'''. (U+11147) * A vowel sign Prishthamatra E and Inverted Candrabindu (total 2 characters) were added to '''Sharada'''. (U+111CE and U+111CF) * Double comma, sign Jihvamuliya and Uphadhmaniya (total 3 characters) were added to '''Newa'''. (U+1145A and U+11460-U+11461) * Khitan Small Script Filler and reading marks for Vietnamese (total 3 characters) were added to '''Ideographic Symbols and Punctuation'''. (U+16FE4 and U+16FF0-U+16FF1) * Some additional components (total 13 characters) were added to '''Tangut Components'''. (U+18AF3-U+18AFF) * Creative Commons license symbols and Mask Work symbol (total 7 characters) were added to '''Enclosed Alphanumeric Supplement'''. (U+1F10D-U+1F10F, U+1F16D-1F16F and U+1F1AD) * Hut, Elevator, Pickup Truck and Roller Skate emoji (total 4 characters) were added to '''Transportation and Map Symbols'''. (U+1F6D6-U+1F6D7 and U+1F6FB-U+1F6FC) * Arrows for legacy computing (total 2 characters) were added to '''Supplemental Arrows-C'''. (U+1F8B0-U+1F8B1) * (total 10 characters) were added to '''Supplemental Symbols and Pictographs'''. (U+1F90C, U+1F972, U+1F977-U+1F978, U+1F9A3-U+1F9A4, U+1F9AB-U+1F9AD and U+1F9CB) * (total 41 characters) were added to '''Symbols and Pictographs Extended-A'''. (U+1FA74, U+1FA83-U+1FA86, U+1FA96-U+1FAA8, U+1FAB0-U+1FAB6, U+1FAC0-U+1FAC2 and U+1FAD0-U+1FAD6) * Gongche characters for Kunqu Opera (total 7 characters) were added to '''CJK Unified Ideographs Extension B'''. (U+2A6D7-U+2A6DD) === Glyph Changes === Here is a table with glyph changes: {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" !Block Name !Code Points !Count |- |Tagalog |1700..170C, 170E..1714 |20 |- |Mongolian |1834, 1871, 1878 |3 |- |Sundanese |1BAB |1 |- |Currency Symbols |20BF |1 |- |CJK Radicals Supplement |2E80..2E99, 2E9B..2EF3 |115 |- |Kangxi Radicals |2F00..2FD5 |214 |- |CJK Unified Ideographs Extension A |3472, 38C7, 3DB8, 3FE0, 440B, 46E9 |6 |- |CJK Unified Ideographs |53FD, 6146, 6711, 671C, 6721, 6725, 6BD2, 7B9A, 87CE, 8956, 93BF, 9B97 |12 |- |Latin Extended-D |A764..A765 |2 |- |Phags-pa |A86D |1 |- |Tangut |175F6, 17F0D, 17F8A, 17FA5, 180D6, 18139, 18147, 184F1, 18736 |9 |- |Tangut Components |18843, 18856, 1888C, 1890A, 18915, 1893B |6 |- |Adlam |1E900..1E94A, 1E950..1E959, 1E95E..1E95F |71 |- |Miscellaneous Symbols and Pictographs |1F3B1 |1 |- |Supplemental Symbols and Pictographs |1F995..1F998, 1F99B..1F99E, 1F9B0..1F9B3, 1F9E7 |13 |- |CJK Unified Ideographs Extension B |20219, 21249, 21827, 22C3A, 2327B, 23496, 2355E, 2363B, 236ED, 23839, 23FD5, 24261, 24726, 248F2, 2548E, 26657, 26C9E, 26FE1, 27334, 27C0E, 27CEF, 2A38C |22 |- |CJK Unified Ideographs Extension C |2AED5, 2AEF3, 2AF76, 2B09F, 2B1C3, 2B1E5 |6 |- |CJK Unified Ideographs Extension E |2B83C, 2B8D9..2B8DA, 2B96F, 2BBD7, 2BD61, 2BE4A, 2BF1D, 2BF9D, 2C0B8, 2C142, 2C176, 2C316, 2C3FB, 2C402, 2C7AC, 2C82C, 2C83A, 2C9A1, 2CC88, 2CD68 |21 |- |CJK Unified Ideographs Extension F |2DC09, 2DE4A, 2EB7E, 2EB89 |4 |- |CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement |2F83B, 2F878, 2F8D6..2F8D7, 2F8DA, 2F8F0, 2F984, 2FA02 |8 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !536 |} == Unicode 14.0 == Unicode 14.0 was released on September 14th, 2021. It encoded 144,697 characters, adding 838 new characters. === New blocks === * '''Arabic Extended-B''' (U+0870-U+089F), containing 41 characters, was added. * '''Vithkuqi''' (U+10570-U+105BF), containing 70 characters, was added. * '''Latin Extended-F''' (U+10780-U+107BF), containing 57 characters, was added. * '''Old Uyghur''' (U+10F70-U+10FAF), containing 26 characters, was added. * '''Unified Canadian Aboriginal Syllabics Extended-A''' (U+11AB0-U+11ABF), containing 16 characters, was added. * '''Cypro-Minoan''' (U+12F90-U+12FFF), containing 99 characters, was added. * '''Tangsa''' (U+16A70-U+16ACF), containing 89 characters, was added. * '''Kana Extended-B''' (U+1AFF0-U+1AFFF), containing 13 characters, was added. * '''Znamenny Musical Notation''' (U+1CF00-U+1CFFF), containing 185 characters, was added. * '''Latin Extended-G''' (U+1DF00-U+1DFFF), containing 31 characters, was added. * '''Toto''' (U+1E290-U+1E2BF), containing 31 characters, was added. * '''Ethiopic Extended-B''' (U+1E7E0-U+1E7FF), containing 28 characters, was added. === Extended blocks === * An End of Text punctuation mark (total 1 character) was added to '''Arabic'''. (U+061D) * Letters for Balti and Quranic orthography (total 12 characters) were added to '''Arabic Extended-A'''. (U+08B5 and U+08C8-U+08D2) * A sign Nukta and letter Nakaara Pollu (total 2 characters) were added to '''Telugu'''. (U+0C3C and U+0C5D) * A letter Nakaara Pollu (total 1 character) was added to '''Kannada'''. (U+0CDD) * A letter Ra, sign Pamudpod and archaic letter Ra (total 3 characters) were added to '''Tagalog'''. (U+170D, U+1715 and U+171F) * A fourth Free variation selector (total 1 character) was added to '''Mongolian'''. (U+180F) * Combining diacritical marks for extended IPA (total 14 characters) were added to '''Combining Diacritical Marks Extended'''. (U+1AC1-U+1ACE) * An archaic ligature Jnya and punctuation marks (total 3 characters) were added to '''Balinese'''. (U+1B4C and U+1B7D-U+1B7E) * A combining Dot Below Left (total 1 character) was added to '''Combining Diacritical Marks Supplement'''. (U+1DFA) * A Kyrgyz Som sign (total 1 character) was added to '''Currency Symbols'''. (U+20C0) * A letter Caudate Chrivi (total 2 characters) were added to '''Glagolitic'''. (U+2C2F and U+2C5F) * Medieval and phonetic punctuation marks (total 11 characters) were added to '''Supplemental Punctuation'''. (U+2E53-U+2E5D) * Some ideographs for Macao (total 3 characters) were added to '''CJK Unified Ideographs'''. (U+9FFD-U+9FFF) * Archaic European letters, modifier letters for Sokuon and Chatino orthography (total 13 characters) were added to '''Latin Extended-D'''. (U+A7C0-U+A7C1, U+A7D0-U+A7D1, U+A7D3, U+A7D5, U+A7D6-U+A7D9 and U+A7F2-U+A7F4) * A modifier letter Wasla Above and honorifics (total 20 characters) were added to '''Arabic Presentation Forms-A'''. (U+FBC2, U+FD40-U+FD4F, U+FDCF and U+FDFE-U+FDFF) * Letters for Old Tamil (total 6 characters) were added to '''Brahmi'''. (U+11070-U+11075) * A vowel sign Vocalic R (total 1 character) was added to '''Khaiti'''. (U+110C2) * An Abbreviation sign (total 1 character) was added to '''Takri'''. (U+116B9) * Letters for Tai Ahom (total 7 characters) were added to '''Ahom'''. (U+11740-U+11746) The block was expanded from (U+11700-U+1173F) to (U+11700-U+1174F) * Kana archaic letters (total 4 characters) were added to '''Kana Extended-A'''. (U+1B11F-U+1B122) * Accidental symbols for Iranian classical music (total 2 characters) were added to '''Musical Symbols'''. (U+1D1E9-U+1D1EA) * Playground Slide, Wheel and Ring Buoy emoji (total 3 characters) were added to '''Transportation and Map Symbols'''. (U+1F6DD-U+1F6DF) * A Heavy Equals Sign emoji (total 1 character) was added to '''Geometric Shapes Extended'''. (U+1F7F0) * A Troll and Face Holding Back Tears emoji (total 2 characters) were added to '''Supplemental Symbols and Pictographs'''. (U+1F979 and U+1F9CC) * (total 31 characters) were added to '''Symbols and Pictographs Extended-A'''. (U+1FA7B-U+1FA7C, U+1FAA9-U+1FAAC, U+1FAB7-U+1FABA, U+1FAC3-U+1FAC5, U+1FAD7-U+1FAD9, U+1FAE0-U+1FAE7 and U+1FAF0-U+1FAF6) * Some ideographs for Macao (total 2 characters) were added to '''CJK Unified Ideographs Extension B'''. (U+2A6DE-U+2A6DF) * Disunified ideographs and a G source ideograph for China, Hong Kong and Vietnam (total 4 characters) were added to '''CJK Unified Ideographs Extension C'''. (U+2B735-U+2B738) === Glyph Changes === Here is a table with glyph changes: {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" !Block Name !Code Points !Count |- |Latin Extended-B |0184..0185 |2 |- |Arabic |0674..0678, 06C5, 06C7, 06FE |8 |- |Letterlike Symbols |210B, 2110, 2112, 211B, 212C, 2130..2131, 2133 |8 |- |Enclosed Alphanumerics |2460..24FF |160 |- |Dingbats |2776..2793 |30 |- |CJK Symbols and Punctuation |3001..3029, 3030..303D, 303F |56 |- |CJK Strokes |31C0..31E3 |36 |- |Katakana Phonetic Extensions |31F0..31FF |16 |- |Enclosed CJK Letters and Months |3200..321E, 3220..32FF |255 |- |CJK Compatibiity |3300..33FF |256 |- |CJK Unified Ideographs Extension A |3777, 3B3F |2 |- |CJK Unified Ideographs |5DD5, 652C, 6AC0 |3 |- |Arabic Presentation Forms-A |FBD7..FBD8, FBDD, FBE0..FBE1 |5 |- |Vertical Forms |FE10..FE19 |10 |- |CJK Compatibiity Forms |FE30..FE4F |32 |- |Small Form Variants |FE50..FE52, FE54..FE66, FE68..FE6B |26 |- |Halfwidth and Fullwidth Forms |FF01..FF9F, FFA1..FFBE, FFC2..FFC7, FFCA..FFCF, FFD2..FFD7, FFDA..FFDC, FFE0..FFE6, FFE8..FFEE |225 |- |Egyptian Hieroglyphs |1300A, 13017, 1302D, 13032, 13034..13035, 13037..13038, 1303A..1303E, 1304E..1304F, 13055, 13057, 13068, 1309A, 130D2, 130D5, 130F6, 130FE, 13192, 1325F, 13267, 1326A, 13281, 13297, 1329E, 132B4, 132C1, 132E6, 13304, 1331F, 13378..1337B, 1337D..1337E, 133F3, 133FA..13403, 1340D, 13417, 1342B |55 |- |Mathematical Alphanumeric Symbols |1D49C, 1D49E..1D49F, 1D4A2, 1D4A5..1D4A6, 1D4A9..1D4AC, 1D4AE..1D4B5 |18 |- |Enclosed Alphanumeric Supplement |1F100..1F1AD, 1F1E6..1F1FF |200 |- |Enclosed Ideographic Supplement |1F200..1F202, 1F210..1F23B, 1F240..1F248, 1F250..1F251, 1F260..1F265 |64 |- |Supplemental Symbols and Pictographs |1F930 |1 |- |CJK Unified Ideographs Extension B |22ADC, 230F2, 25B27, 26F28 |4 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !1472 |} ===Variation Sequences=== Here is a table with new standardized variation sequences: {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" |- !Character Sequence !Context !Description of Variation Appearance |- |1D49C FE00 | |chancery style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL A |- |212C FE00 | |chancery style # SCRIPT CAPITAL B |- |1D49E FE00 | |chancery style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL C |- |1D49F FE00 | |chancery style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL D |- |2130 FE00 | |chancery style # SCRIPT CAPITAL E |- |2131 FE00 | |chancery style # SCRIPT CAPITAL F |- |1D4A2 FE00 | |chancery style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL G |- |210B FE00 | |chancery style # SCRIPT CAPITAL H |- |2110 FE00 | |chancery style # SCRIPT CAPITAL I |- |1D4A5 FE00 | |chancery style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL J |- |1D4A6 FE00 | |chancery style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL K |- |2112 FE00 | |chancery style # SCRIPT CAPITAL L |- |2133 FE00 | |chancery style # SCRIPT CAPITAL M |- |1D4A9 FE00 | |chancery style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL N |- |1D4AA FE00 | |chancery style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL O |- |1D4AB FE00 | |chancery style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL P |- |1D4AC FE00 | |chancery style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL Q |- |211B FE00 | |chancery style # SCRIPT CAPITAL R |- |1D4AE FE00 | |chancery style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL S |- |1D4AF FE00 | |chancery style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL T |- |1D4B0 FE00 | |chancery style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL U |- |1D4B1 FE00 | |chancery style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL V |- |1D4B2 FE00 | |chancery style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL W |- |1D4B3 FE00 | |chancery style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL X |- |1D4B4 FE00 | |chancery style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL Y |- |1D4B5 FE00 | |chancery style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL Z |- |1D49C FE01 | |roundhand style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL A |- |212C FE01 | |roundhand style # SCRIPT CAPITAL B |- |1D49E FE01 | |roundhand style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL C |- |1D49F FE01 | |roundhand style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL D |- |2130 FE01 | |roundhand style # SCRIPT CAPITAL E |- |2131 FE01 | |roundhand style # SCRIPT CAPITAL F |- |1D4A2 FE01 | |roundhand style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL G |- |210B FE01 | |roundhand style # SCRIPT CAPITAL H |- |2110 FE01 | |roundhand style # SCRIPT CAPITAL I |- |1D4A5 FE01 | |roundhand style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL J |- |1D4A6 FE01 | |roundhand style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL K |- |2112 FE01 | |roundhand style # SCRIPT CAPITAL L |- |2133 FE01 | |roundhand style # SCRIPT CAPITAL M |- |1D4A9 FE01 | |roundhand style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL N |- |1D4AA FE01 | |roundhand style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL O |- |1D4AB FE01 | |roundhand style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL P |- |1D4AC FE01 | |roundhand style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL Q |- |211B FE01 | |roundhand style # SCRIPT CAPITAL R |- |1D4AE FE01 | |roundhand style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL S |- |1D4AF FE01 | |roundhand style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL T |- |1D4B0 FE01 | |roundhand style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL U |- |1D4B1 FE01 | |roundhand style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL V |- |1D4B2 FE01 | |roundhand style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL W |- |1D4B3 FE01 | |roundhand style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL X |- |1D4B4 FE01 | |roundhand style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL Y |- |1D4B5 FE01 | |roundhand style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL Z |} ===Named Sequences=== Here is a table with new named character sequences: {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" |- !Character Sequence !Name |- |0915 093C |DEVANAGARI SEQUENCE FOR LETTER QA |- |0916 093C |DEVANAGARI SEQUENCE FOR LETTER KHHA |- |0917 093C |DEVANAGARI SEQUENCE FOR LETTER GHHA |- |091C 093C |DEVANAGARI SEQUENCE FOR LETTER ZA |- |0921 093C |DEVANAGARI SEQUENCE FOR LETTER DDDHA |- |0922 093C |DEVANAGARI SEQUENCE FOR LETTER RHA |- |092B 093C |DEVANAGARI SEQUENCE FOR LETTER FA |- |092F 093C |DEVANAGARI SEQUENCE FOR LETTER YYA |- |09A1 09BC |BENGALI SEQUENCE FOR LETTER RRA |- |09A2 09BC |BENGALI SEQUENCE FOR LETTER RHA |- |09AF 09BC |BENGALI SEQUENCE FOR LETTER YYA |- |0A32 0A3C |GURMUKHI SEQUENCE FOR LETTER LLA |- |0A38 0A3C |GURMUKHI SEQUENCE FOR LETTER SHA |- |0A16 0A3C |GURMUKHI SEQUENCE FOR LETTER KHHA |- |0A17 0A3C |GURMUKHI SEQUENCE FOR LETTER GHHA |- |0A1C 0A3C |GURMUKHI SEQUENCE FOR LETTER ZA |- |0A2B 0A3C |GURMUKHI SEQUENCE FOR LETTER FA |- |0B21 0B3C |ORIYA SEQUENCE FOR LETTER RRA |- |0B22 0B3C |ORIYA SEQUENCE FOR LETTER RHA |} == Unicode 15.0 == Unicode 15.0 was released on September 13th, 2022. It encoded 149,186 characters, adding 4,489 new characters. === New blocks === * '''Arabic Extended-C''' (U+10EC0-U+10EFF), containing 3 characters, was added. * '''Devanagari Extended-A''' (U+11B00-U+11B5F), containing 10 characters, was added. * '''Kawi''' (U+11F00-U+11F5F), containing 86 characters, was added. * '''Kaktovik Numerals''' (U+1D2C0-U+1D2DF), containing 20 characters, was added. * '''Cyrillic Extended-D''' (U+1E030-U+1E08F), containing 63 characters, was added. * '''Nag Mundari''' (U+1E4D0-U+1E4FF), containing 42 characters, was added. * '''CJK Unified Ideographs Extension H''' (U+31350-U+323AF), containing 4192 characters, was added. === Extended blocks === * A Yamakkan (total 1 character) was added to '''Lao'''. (U+0ECE) * A combining Anusvara Above Right (total 1 character) was added to '''Kannada'''. (U+0CF3) * Letters Qa, Short I and Vocalic R (total 3 characters) were added to '''Khojki'''. (U+1123F-U+11241) * An additional hieroglyph to Group V (total 1 character) was added to '''Egyptian Hieroglyphs''' * Extended format controls (total 29 characters) were added to '''Egyptian Hieroglyph Format Controls'''. (U+13439-U+13455). The block was expanded from (U+13430-U+1343F) to (U+13430-U+1345F) * Hiragana and Katakana Small Ko (total 2 characters) were added to '''Small Kana Extension'''. (U+1B132 and U+1B155) * Letters for Malayalam transliteration (total 6 characters) were added to '''Latin Extended-G'''. (U+1DF25-U+1DF2A) * A Wireless emoji (total 1 character) was added to '''Transport and Map Symbols'''. (U+1F6DC) * A Nine Pointed White Star (total 1 character) was be added to '''Geometric Shapes Extended'''. (U+1F7D9) * A Lot of Fortune, eclipse symbols and symbols for dwarf planets (total 6 characters) were added to '''Alchemical symbols'''. (U+1F774-U+1F776 and U+1F77B-U+1F77F) * (total 20 characters) were added to '''Symbols and Pictographs Extended-A'''. (U+1FA75-U+1FA77, U+1FA87-U+1FA88, U+1FAAD-U+1FAAF, U+1FABB-U+1FABF, U+1FACE-U+1FACF, U+1FADA-U+1FADB, U+1FAE8 and U+1FAF7-U+1FAF8) * A disunified ideograph for Macao (total 1 character) was added to '''CJK Unified Ideographs Extension C'''. (U+2B739) ===Glyph Changes=== Here is a table with glyph changes: {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" !Block Name !Code Points !Count |- |IPA Extensions |025E, 029A |2 |- |United Canadian Aboriginal Syllabics |144B, 14D1, 1506, 15C0..15C3, 15E8..15EE, 1601, 1604..1607, 160A..160D, 1614..162D, 1630..163F, 1646..1647, 165A |66 |- |United Canadian Aboriginal Syllabics Extended |18DB, 18EC, 18F1..18F2, 18F5 |5 |- |Sundanese |1BBF |1 |- |Optical Character Recognition |2447 |1 |- |CJK Unified Ideographs Extension A |34DC, 3BF6, 3C43, 48B4, 4DBE |5 |- |CJK Unified Ideographs |585F, 5F50, 6BC0, 7BC9, 833E |5 |- |Cyrillic Extended-B |A66E |1 |- |Old Turkic |10C47 |1 |- |Egyptian Hieroglyphs |various (new standardized variation sequences) |94 |- |Khitan Small Script |18CCA |1 |- |Wancho (font update) |1E2C0..1E2F9, 1E2FF |59 |- |Alchemical Symbols (font update) |1F700..1F773 |116 |- |CJK Unified Ideographs Extension B |20048, 20A1C, 2143F, 21A5F, 21C08, 21FBA, 22ACF, 23392, 238A7, 23D8F, 23F4E, 25D20, 26E30, 27B48, 27C4F, 28633, 28B02, 28E9A, 29760, 2A60F |20 |- |CJK Unified Ideographs Extension C |2B249 |1 |- |CJK Unified Ideographs Extension E |2BB37, 2BD7D, 2C151, 2C1E0, 2C2D6, 2C5CA, 2C810, 2CD34 |8 |- |CJK Unified Ideographs Extension F |2CF4E, 2D25D, 2D3EC, 2D6A7, 2D7BA, 2D979, 2DA74, 2DA97, 2DC13, 2DDC0, 2DF10, 2DF78, 2E05A, 2E0AE, 2E516, 2E640, 2E680, 2EA63 |18 |- |CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement |2F804, 2F805, 2F833, 2F835, 2F84C, 2F84F, 2F852, 2F855, 2F887, 2F88B, 2F899, 2F8A0, 2F8A6, 2F8A7, 2F8AD, 2F8B1, 2F8B4, 2F8B7, 2F8BA, 2F8D0, 2F8E0..2F8E2, 2F8E5, 2F8E6, 2F8FE, 2F900, 2F901, 2F907, 2F912, 2F922, 2F926, 2F936, 2F938, 2F94E, 2F959, 2F95F, 2F96C, 2F99F, 2F9B8, 2F9BA, 2F9D3, 2F9DB, 2F9DC, 2F9E8, 2F9EA, 2F9EE, 2FA00, 2FA0D, 2FA1B |50 |- |CJK Unified Ideographs Extension G |302FC, 30723, 30A6D, 30CF7, 30DBF, 31006, 3105D |7 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !461 |} ===Variation Sequences=== Here is a table with new standardized variation sequences: {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" |- !Character Sequence !Context !Description of Variation Appearance |- |13091 FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH D027 |- |13092 FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH D027A |- |13093 FE01 | |rotated 180 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH D028 |- |130A9 FE01 | |rotated 180 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH D047 |- |1310F FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH F016 |- |13117 FE02 | |rotated 270 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH F023 |- |1311C FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH F028 |- |13121 FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH F032 |- |13127 FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH F037A |- |13139 FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH F051 |- |13139 FE02 | |rotated 270 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH F051 |- |13183 FE02 | |rotated 270 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH H005 |- |13187 FE01 | |rotated 180 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH H008 |- |131A0 FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH K006 |- |131A0 FE02 | |rotated 270 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH K006 |- |131B1 FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH M003 |- |131B1 FE01 | |rotated 180 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH M003 |- |131B8 FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH M009 |- |131B9 FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH M010 |- |131BA FE02 | |rotated 270 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH M010A |- |131CB FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH M017 |- |131EE FE01 | |rotated 180 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH M044 |- |131EE FE02 | |rotated 270 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH M044 |- |131F8 FE01 | |rotated 180 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH N010 |- |131F9 FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH N011 |- |131F9 FE01 | |rotated 180 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH N011 |- |131FA FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH N012 |- |131FA FE01 | |rotated 180 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH N012 |- |13216 FE02 | |rotated 270 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH N035 |- |13257 FE01 | |rotated 180 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH O006 |- |1327B FE02 | |rotated 270 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH O029 |- |1327F FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH O031 |- |1327F FE01 | |rotated 180 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH O031 |- |13285 FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH O036 |- |1328C FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH O039 |- |132A4 FE01 | |rotated 180 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH P008 |- |132A4 FE02 | |rotated 270 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH P008 |- |132AA FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH Q003 |- |132CB FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH R024 |- |132DC FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH S010 |- |132E7 FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH S018 |- |132E7 FE02 | |rotated 270 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH S018 |- |132E9 FE02 | |rotated 270 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH S020 |- |132F8 FE02 | |rotated 270 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH S033 |- |132FD FE02 | |rotated 270 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH S037 |- |13302 FE02 | |rotated 270 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH S042 |- |13303 FE02 | |rotated 270 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH S043 |- |13307 FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH T001 |- |13308 FE01 | |rotated 180 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH T002 |- |13310 FE02 | |rotated 270 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH T008 |- |13311 FE02 | |rotated 270 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH T008A |- |13312 FE01 | |rotated 180 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH T009 |- |13312 FE02 | |rotated 270 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH T009 |- |13313 FE01 | |rotated 180 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH T009A |- |13313 FE02 | |rotated 270 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH T009A |- |13314 FE01 | |rotated 180 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH T010 |- |13314 FE02 | |rotated 270 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH T010 |- |1331B FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH T016 |- |1331B FE01 | |rotated 180 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH T016 |- |1331C FE02 | |rotated 270 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH T016A |- |13321 FE01 | |rotated 180 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH T021 |- |13321 FE02 | |rotated 270 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH T021 |- |13322 FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH T022 |- |13322 FE01 | |rotated 180 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH T022 |- |13331 FE01 | |rotated 180 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH T035 |- |13331 FE02 | |rotated 270 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH T035 |- |1333B FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH U007 |- |1333C FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH U008 |- |1334A FE02 | |rotated 270 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH U022 |- |13361 FE02 | |rotated 270 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH U042 |- |13373 FE02 | |rotated 270 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH V007A |- |13377 FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH V010 |- |13378 FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH V011 |- |1337D FE02 | |rotated 270 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH V012A |- |13385 FE02 | |rotated 270 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH V019 |- |13399 FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH V026 |- |1339A FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH V027 |- |133AF FE02 | |rotated 270 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH W001 |- |133B0 FE02 | |rotated 270 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH W002 |- |133BF FE02 | |rotated 270 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH W014 |- |133D3 FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH X004A |- |133DD FE02 | |rotated 270 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH Y002 |- |133F2 FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH Z007 |- |133F5 FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH Z010 |- |133F6 FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH Z011 |- |13403 FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH Z015I |- |13416 FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH AA008 |- |13419 FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH AA011 |- |13419 FE01 | |rotated 180 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH AA011 |- |13419 FE02 | |rotated 270 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH AA011 |- |1341A FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH AA012 |- |13423 FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH AA021 |- |1342C FE02 | |rotated 270 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH AA030 |- |1342E FE02 | |rotated 270 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH AA032 |- |13443 FE00 | |expanded # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH LOST SIGN |- |13444 FE00 | |expanded # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH HALF LOST SIGN |- |13445 FE00 | |expanded # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH TALL LOST SIGN |- |13446 FE00 | |expanded # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH WIDE LOST SIGN |} == Unicode 15.1 == Unicode 15.1 was released on September 12th, 2023. It encoded 149,813 characters, adding 627 new characters. === New Blocks === * '''CJK Unified Ideographs Extension I''' (U+2EBF0-U+2EE5F), containing 622 characters, was added. === Extended Blocks === * 4 Ideographic characters were added to '''Ideographic Description Characters'''. (U+2FFC-U+2FFF) * An Ideographic subtraction (total 1 character) was added to '''CJK Strokes'''. (U+31EF) === Glyph Changes === Here is a table with glyph changes: {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" !Block Name !Code Points !Count |- |CJK Unified Ideographs Extension A |357E, 358B..358E, 3599..359D, 35AF..35B0, 35B2..35B3, 35DF..35E1, 35EF, 360F, 3612, 3F94, 44D5, 48EE |5 |- |CJK Unified Ideographs |5098, 512D, 517A, 5391, 54DB, 551C, 551F, 55B8, 55ED, 56AB, 591E, 594A, 5B2E, 5DFC..5DFD, 5EE4, 609E, 65B0, 65B3, 65D5, 65F2, 67B2, 6AB6, 6AEC, 6C69, 6FC2, 6FD3, 7019, 7361, 74BD, 7934, 820B, 826E, 83BB, 8412, 8456, 848A, 896F, 8E34, 8FD7, 9166, 9855, 985E, 9C4D |5 |- |Latin Extended-D |A798 |1 |- |Latin Extended-E |AB5A |1 |- |Tangut |17105, 172A4, 17BD1..17BD3, 17EF9, 18136 |59 |- |Alchemical Symbols |1F741, 1F747, 1F74C, 1F74F, 1F756, 1F758, 1F763, 1F768, 1F76D, 1F76E |116 |- |CJK Unified Ideographs Extension B |20302, 2087A, 20C00, 230B7, 2339E, 236EF, 237C3, 23B87, 23CC0, 23CD9, 23E5E, 2486F, 249D6, 249E8, 24D6A, 2585E, 25D89, 26A5A..26A5B, 26A73, 26A82..26A83, 26A90, 26AA6, 26AA8, 26AD8, 27350, 279F8, 284A3, 28BBA, 29516, 29530 |20 |- |CJK Unified Ideographs Extension C |2A741, 2AB63, 2ACD8, 2AF6F, 2B173, 2B490 |1 |- |CJK Unified Ideographs Extension E |2BC2E, 2BF45, 2C04C, 2C13A, 2C43C, 2C43E, 2C816 |8 |- |CJK Unified Ideographs Extension F |2D1CC..2D1CD, 2D1DD, 2D1E4, 2D1F7, 2D203, 2D256, 2D266, 2D2A2, 2D2AC, 2D2DA |18 |- |CJK Unified Ideographs Extension G |301D4, 301D9, 301E4, 301E8, 301FF..30200, 30205, 3020C, 30211, 30215..30217, 30220, 30234..30235, 30237 |7 |- |CJK Unified Ideographs Extension H |314B7, 31542, 31569, 31C7F, 31D5A, 31F68 |7 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !164 |} == Unicode 16.0 == Unicode 16.0 was released on September 10th, 2024. It encoded 154,998 characters, adding 5,185 new characters. === New Blocks === * '''Todhri''' (U+105C0-U+105FF), containing 52 characters, was added. * '''Garay''' (U+10D40-U+10D8F), containing 69 characters, was added. * '''Tulu-Tigalari''' (U+11380-U+113FF), containing 80 characters, was added. * '''Myanmar Extended-C''' (U+116D0-U+116FF), containing 20 characters, was added. * '''Sunuwar''' (U+11BC0-U+11BFF), containing 44 characters, was added. * '''Egyptian Hieroglyphs Extended-A''' (U+13460-U+143FF), containing 3995 characters, was added. * '''Gurung Khema''' (U+16100-U+1613F), containing 58 characters, was added. * '''Kirat Rai''' (U+16D40-U+16D7F), containing 58 characters, was added. * '''Symbols for Legacy Computing Supplement''' (U+1CC00-U+1CEBF), containing 686 characters, was added. * '''Ol Onal''' (U+1E5D0-U+1E5FF), containing 44 characters, was added. === Extended Blocks === * A combining diacritical mark for Jawi (total 1 character) was added to '''Arabic Extended-B'''. (U+0897) * Inverted letters and a punctuation mark (total 3 characters) was added to '''Balinese'''. (U+1B4E-U+1B4F and U+1B7F) * A letter Tje (total 2 characters) was added to '''Cyrillic Extended-C'''. (U+1C89-U+1C8A) * Legacy computing symbols for Delete (total 3 characters) was added to '''Control Pictures'''. (U+2427-U+2429) * CJK strokes HXG and SZP (total 2 characters) was added to '''CJK Strokes'''. (U+31E4-U+31E5) * A capital Rams Horn, an S with Diagonal Stroke, Lamda Letters, and letters for Wakashan and Salishan Languages (total 6 characters) was added to '''Latin Extended-D'''. (U+A7CB-U+A7CD, U+A7DA-U+A7DC) * A combining Alef overlay and letters with two dots vertically below (total 4 characters) was added to '''Arabic Extended-C'''. (U+10EC2-U+10EC4 and U+10EFC) * A sign Nukta (total 1 character) was added to '''Kawi'''. (U+11F5A) * A blank character (total 1 character) was added to '''Khitan Small Script'''. (U+18CFF) * A rightwards arrow with hook, and arrows for legacy computing and arrows for Egyptology (total 12 characters) was added to '''Supplemental Arrows-C'''. (U+1F8B2-U+1F8BB, U+1F8C0-U+1F8C1) * A Harp, Shovel, Leafless Tree, Fingerprint, Root Vegetable, Splatter, and Face with Bags Under Eyes (total 7 characters) was added to '''Symbols and Pictographs Extended-A'''. (U+1FA89, U+1FA8F, U+1FABE, U+1FAC6, U+1FADC, U+1FADF, and U+1FAE9) * Graphic shapes for legacy computing (total 37 characters) was added to '''Symbols for Legacy Computing'''. (U+1FBCB-U+1FBEF) == Unicode 17.0 == Unicode 17.0 was released on September 9th, 2025. It encoded 159,801 characters, adding 4,083 new characters. === New Blocks === * '''Sidetic''' (U+10940-U+1095F), containing 26 characters, was added. * '''Sharada Supplement''' (U+11B60-U+11B7F), containing 8 characters, was added. * '''Tolong Siki''' (U+11DB0-U+11DEF), containing 54 characters, was added. * '''Beria Erfe''' (U+16EA0-U+16EDF), containing 50 characters, was added. * '''Tangut Components Supplement''' (U+18D80-U+18DFF), containing 115 characters, was added. * '''Miscellaneous Symbols Supplement''' (U+1CEC0-U+1CEFF), containing 34 characters, was added. * '''Tai Yo''' (U+1E6C0-U+1E6FF), containing 55 characters, was added. * '''CJK Unified Ideographs Extension J''' (U+323B0-U+3347F), containing 4298 characters, was added. === Extended Blocks === * A Noon with Ring Above (total 1 character) was added to '''Arabic Extended-B'''. (U+088F) * An archaic ligature Shrii (total 1 character) was added to '''Telugu'''. (U+0C5C) * An archaic ligature Shrii (total 1 character) was added to '''Kannada'''. (U+0CDC) * Compound tone and harrington diacritics (total 26 characters) was to '''Combining Diacritical Marks Extended'''. (U+1ACF-U+1ADD, U+1AE0-U+1AEB) * Saudi Riyal Sign (total 1 character) was added to '''Currency Symbols'''. (U+20C1) * Equal Sign with Infinity Above (total 1 character) was added to '''Miscellaneous Symbols and Arrows'''. (U+2B96) * 2 capital letters for Middle English, Latin pharyngeal voiced fricative, and Modifier Letter Capital S (total 5 characters) was added to '''Latin Extended-D'''. (U+A7CE-U+A7CF, U+A7D2, U+A7D4, U+A7F1) * Arabic Ligature Rahmatu Allaahi Alayh and Arabic Honorifics (total 25 characters) was added to '''Arabic Presentation Forms-A'''. (U+FBC3-U+FBD2, U+FD90, U+FD91, U+FDC8-U+FDCE) * A Small Yeh Barree with Two Dots Below, Thin Noon, Biblical End of Verse, Yeh with Four Dots Below, Honorifics, Double Vertical Bar Below, and Small Low Noon (total 14 characters) was added to '''Arabic Extended-C'''. (U+10EC5-U+10EC7, U+10ED0-U+10ED8, U+10EFA-U+10EFB) * Chinese Simplified and Traditional Er and Yangqin Slow Signs Two, Three, and Four (total 5 characters) was added to '''Ideographic Symbols and Punctuation'''. (U+16FF2-U+16FF6) * Some additional ideographs (total 8 characters) was added to '''Tangut'''. (U+187F8-U+187FF) * Additional ideographs (total 22 characters) was added to '''Tangut Supplement'''. (U+18D09-U+18D1E) * Nine symbols (total 9 characters) was added to '''Symbols for Legacy Computing Supplement'''. (U+1CCFA-U+1CCFC, U+1CEBA-1CEBF) * A Landslide (total 1 character) was added to '''Transport and Map Symbols'''. (U+1F6D8) * Historical asteroid symbols (total 4 characters) was added to '''Alchemical Symbols'''. (U+1F777-U+1F77A) * Chemical symbols (total 9 characters) was added to '''Supplemental Arrows-C'''. (U+1F8D0-U+1F8D8) * White and Black Chess Ferz and Alfil (total 4 characters) was added to '''Chess Symbols'''. (U+1FA54-U+1FA57) * A trombone, treasure chest, hairy creature, orca, distorted face, and fight cloud (total 6 characters) was added to '''Symbols and Pictographs Extended-A'''. (U+1FA8A, U+1FA8E, U+1FAC8, U+1FACD, U+1FAEA, and U+1FAEF) * An alarm bell symbol (total 1 character) was added to '''Symbols for Legacy Computing'''. (U+1FBFA) * Additional ideographs (total 6 characters) was added to '''CJK Unified Ideographs Extension C'''. (U+2B73A-U+2B73F) * Additional ideographs (total 12 characters) was added to '''CJK Unified Ideographs Extension E'''. (U+2CEA2-U+2CEAD) == Unicode 18.0 == Unicode 18.0 was released on September 16, 2026. It encoded 172,808 characters, adding 13,007 new characters. === New Blocks === *'''Bengali Supplement''' (U+11DF0-U+11DFF), containing 2 characters, was added. * '''Archaic Cuneiform Numerals''' (U+12550-U+1268F), containing 311 characters, was added. * '''Jurchen''' (U+18E00-U+1919F), containing 914 characters, was added. * '''Jurchen Radicals''' (U+191A0-U+191DF), containing 51 characters, was added. * '''Musical Symbols Supplement''' (U+1D250-U+1D28F), containing 50 characters, was added. * '''Miscellaneous Symbols and Arrows Extended''' (U+1DB00-U+1DBFF), containing 29 characters, was added. * '''Seal Script''' (U+3D000-U+3FC3F), containing 11328 characters, was added. === Extended Blocks === * Modifier letters Eh, Ini, and Yi (total 3 characters) was added to '''Armenian'''. (U+0558, U+058B-U+058C) * Hebrew Point Sheva Na Mudgash and Hebrew Point Dagesh Hazaq Mudgash (total 2 characters) was added to '''Hebrew'''. (U+05C8-U+05C9) * Signs for dot above and double dot above (total 2 characters) was added to '''Oriya'''. (U+0B53-U+0B54) * Alternate positioned IPA diacritics and diacritics for Chao and Khoe (total 7 characters) was added to '''Combining Diacritical Marks Extended'''. (U+1ADE-U+1ADF, U+1AEC-U+1AF0) * Latin subscript small letter w, y, and z and Modifier letter high and low vertical line (total 4 characters) was added to '''Superscripts and Subscripts'''. (U+208F, U+209D-U+209F) * Rufiyaa Sign, UAE Dirham Sign, and Omani Rial (total 3 characters) was added to '''Currency Symbols'''. (U+20C2-U+20C4) * Two Wiggly Exclamation Marks and Two Parenthesis with Middle Ring (total 4 characters) was added to '''Supplemental Punctuation'''. (U+2E60-U+2E63) * Latin capital letter closed omega and Latin capital letter r with long leg and (total 2 characters) was added to '''Latin Extended-D'''. (U+A7DD and U+A7E2) * Latin capital letter script r and script r with ring (total 2 characters) was added to '''Latin Extended-E'''. (U+AB6C-U+AB6D) * Latin modifier letters for clicks (total 5 characters) was added to '''Latin Extended-F'''. (U+107BB-U+107BF) * Arabic Crown Letters, Quranic Characters, and Arabic Crown (total 39 characters) was added to '''Arabic Extended-C'''. (U+10EC9-U+10ECF, U+10ED9-U+10EEE, U+10EF0-U+10EF9) * Devanagari Letter Alternate Ddda (total 1 character) was added to '''Devanagari Extended-A'''. (U+11B0A) * Extended Cuneiform Numeric Signs (total 12 characters) was added to '''Cuneiform Numbers and Punctuation'''. (U+1246F, U+12475-U+1247F) * Jurchen Small Script characters (total 5 characters) was added to '''Khitan Small Script'''. (U+18CD6-U+18CDA) * Two additional ideographs (total 2 characters) was added to '''Tangut Supplement'''. (U+18D1F-U+18D20) * Hiragana Digraph Koto, Katakana Diagraphs Toki, Tote, and Yori, letters alternate Ne, and Wi (total 6 characters) was added to '''Kana Extended-A'''. (U+1B123-U+1B128) * Katakana letter small archaic Ye (total 1 character) was added to '''Small Kana Extension'''. (U+1B168) * Leibnizian alchemical symbols, Leibnizian cossic characters, and Leibnizian mathematical signs and symbols (total 19 characters) was added to '''Miscellaneous Symbols Supplement'''. (U+1CED2-U+1CED4, U+1CEDD-U+1CEDF, U+1CEF1-U+1CEFD) * Stein Zimmerman Symbols, Digit Slash Symbols, and other Symbols (total 23 characters) was added to '''Musical Symbols'''. (U+1D127-U+1D128, U+1D1EB-U+1D1FF) * Mathematical italic long s with descender s (U+1D6A6) was added to '''Mathematical Alphanumeric Symbols'''. * Affricate ligatures, letters with palatal hook, barred letters, RFE letters, Initial Teaching Alphabet, English Phonotypic Alphabet, Leibnizian cossic characters, and modifier letters (total 151 characters) was added to '''Latin Extended-G'''. (U+1DF1F-U+1DF24, U+1DF2B-U+1DF81, U+1DF90-U+1DF96, U+1DFCD-U+1DFFF) * A Tomobiki symbol (total 1 character) was added to '''Enclosed Alphanumeric Supplement'''. (U+1F1AE) * A lighthouse (total 1 character) was added to '''Transport and Map Symbols'''. (U+1F6D9) * A black circle with white vertical bar, and Extended Geometric Shapes (total 17 characters) was added to '''Geometric Shapes Extended'''. (U+1F7DA-U+1F7DB, U+1F7F1-U+1F7FF) * A meteor, eraser, net with handle, monarch butterfly, pickle, cracking face, leftwards thumb sign, and rightwards thumb sign (total 8 characters) was added to '''Symbols and Pictographs Extended-A'''. (U+1FA8B-1FA8D, U+1FACC, U+1FADD, U+1FAEB, U+1FAF9-1FAFA) * An additional ideograph (total 1 character) was added to '''CJK Unified Ideographs Extension D'''. (U+2B81E) == Unicode 19.0== Unicode 19.0 will be released in late 2027. === New Blocks === * '''Sirmauri''' (U+11850-U+1188F), containing 55 characters, will be added. * '''Proto-Cuneiform''' (U+12690-U+12ECF), containing 1392 characters, will be added. * '''Chisoi''' (U+16D80-U+16DAF), containing 40 characters, will be added. * '''Leibnizian Ambiguous Signs''' (U+1DC00-U+1DC3F), containing 54 characters, will be added. * '''CJK Unified Ideographs Components-A''' (U+2FA20-U+2FA9F), containing 119 characters, will be added. * '''CJK Unified Ideographs Components-B''' (U+2FAA0-U+2FC1F), containing 375 characters, will be added. === Extended Blocks === * Telugu Sign Spacing Candrabindu (total 1 character) will be added to '''Telugu'''. (U+0C70) * Kannada Signs Ardhanusvara and Combining Anusvara Above (total 1 character) will be added to '''Kannada'''. (U+0CF0 and U+0CF4) * Cyrillic small letter Yeru with connecting bar (total 1 character) will be added to '''Cyrillic Extended-C'''. (U+1C8B) * Belarusian Ruble sign (total 1 characters) will be added to '''Currency Symbols'''. (U+20C5) * Combining Long Triple Solidus Overlay and Combining Saltire Overlay (total 2 characters) will be added to '''Combining Diacritical Marks for Symbols'''. (U+20F1-U+20F2) * Latin capital letter u with left hook (total 1 character) will be added to '''Latin Extended-E'''. (U+AB6E) * Arabic Dotless Half-Yeh and Half-Yeh (total 2 characters) will be added to '''Arabic Extended-C'''. (U+10EC0-U+10EC1) * Brahmi minimizing virama (total 1 character) will be added to '''Brahmi'''. (U+1107E) * Tulu-Tigalari letter combining anusvara above, signs om pushpika with tail and shrii pushpika, and letter archaic II (total 5 characters) will be added to '''Tulu-Tigalari'''. (U+113CB, U+113D9-U+113DB) * Dogra Signs Candrabindu and Avaragha (total 2 characters) will be added to '''Dogra'''. (U+1183C-U+1183D) * Devanagari Jivamuliya and Upadhmaniya (total 2 characters) will be added to '''Devanagari Extended-A'''. (U+11B0B-U+11B0C) * White Ideographic Comma and Double Ideographic Full Stop (total 2 characters) will be added to '''Ideographic Symbols and Punctuation'''. (U+16FE5-U+16FE6) * Alchemical Symbol for Calx-2 and Alchemical Symbol for Retort-2 (total 2 characters) will be added to '''Miscellaneous Symbols Supplement'''. (U+1CED1, U+1CED5) * Leibnizian letterlike symbols and miscellaneous symbols (total 15 characters) will be added to '''Miscellaneous Symbols and Arrows Extended'''. (U+1DB1D-U+1DB2B) * Small w with palatal hook, small n and r with double middle tilde, small capital i with retroflex hook, small open q, x with stroke, small wavy y, schwa with right hook, and modifier letter accents (total 17 characters) will be added to '''Latin Extended-G'''. (U+1DF82-U+1DF8A, U+1DFC5-U+1DFCC) == Code Points Provisionally Assigned== This is a section where you can add any upcoming Unicode characters that have been [https://www.unicode.org/alloc/Pipeline.html#codepoint_reservation provisionally assigned for mature proposals] (but not yet accepted) for a future update of The Unicode Standard. === New Blocks === * '''Arabic Extended-D''' (U+10D90-U+10E5F), containing 3 characters, will be added. * '''Leke''' (U+11B80-U+11BBF), containing 55 characters, will be added. * '''Mwangwego''' (U+16E00-U+16E3F), containing 64 characters, will be added. * '''Shaaldaa''' (U+1C800-U+1CB2F), containing 804 characters, will be added. === Extended Blocks === * Mongolian Letter Manchu Alternative Ue (total 1 character) will be added to '''Mongolian'''. (U+1879) * Combining Grave-Acute-Macron, Combining inverted lazy s Above, and Combining comma Above and acute (total 3 characters) will be added to '''Combining Diacritical Marks Extended'''. (U+1AF1-U+1AF3) * Ruble sign with double vertical stem (total 1 character) will be added to '''Currency Symbols'''. (U+20CF) * Latin capital and small letter i with oblique stroke (total 2 characters) will be added to '''Latin Extended-D'''. (U+A7DE-U+A7DF) * Arabic Dotless Half-Jeem and Astronomical Kaf (total 2 characters) will be added to '''Arabic Extended-C'''. (U+10EC8, U+10EEF) * Newa Letter Heavy Ya (total 1 character) will be added to '''Newa'''. (U+11462) * Musical Symbol down arrowhead breath mark (total 1 character) will be added to '''Musical Symbols Supplement'''. (U+1D282) * Romance dialectology symbols, zh ligature, Albanian letter edhe, Albanian Frashëri letters, and Modifier letter capital y (total 18 characters) will be added to '''Latin Extended-G'''. (U+1DF8B-U+1DF8F, U+1DF97-U+1DFA3, U+1DFC4) *Arabic Astronomical zero and five astronomical symbols (total 6 characters) will be added to Arabic Mathematical Alphabetic Symbols (U+1EEE0-U+1EEE5) ==Roadmap Blocks== This is a section where proportional maps of proposed allocations to Unicode and ISO/IEC 10646 are presented. Italic indicates scripts for which detailed proposals have not yet been written.<ref>[https://unicode.org/roadmaps/smp/]</ref> * '''Northern Palaeohispanic''' (U+10200-U+1023F) * '''Southern Palaeohispanic''' (U+10240-U+1027F) * '''Shavian Quikscript''' (U+103E0-U+103FF) * '''Combining Diacritical Marks Extended-A''' (U+107C0-U+107FF) * '''Proto-Sinaitic''' (U+108B0-U+108DF) * '''''Numidian''' (U+10960-U+1097F)'' * '''Balti''' (U+10AA0-U+10ABF) * '''Book Pahlavi''' (U+10BB0-U+10BDF) * '''Baburi''' (U+10BE0-U+10BFF) * '''Landa''' (U+11250-U+1127F) * '''Tani Lipi''' (U+114E0-U+114FF) * '''Ranjana''' (U+11500-U+1157F) * '''Zou''' (U+11750-U+117AF) * '''Pyu''' (U+117B0-U+117FF) * '''Vateluttu''' (U+11960-U+1199F) * '''Balti-B''' (U+11CC0-U+11CFF) * '''Tocharian''' (U+11E00-U+11E6F) * '''Khotanese''' (U+11E70-U+11ECF) * '''Pallava''' (U+11F60-U+11FAF) * '''''Egyptian Hieroglyphs Extended-B''' (U+14680-U+151FF)'' * '''Mayan Hieroglyphs''' (U+15500-U+15AFF) * '''Kore Sebeli''' (U+15B00-U+15B6F) * '''Mandombe''' (U+15B80-U+15FFF) * '''Wei Rma''' (U+16000-U+1604F) * '''Wagindara''' (U+16050-U+1607F) * '''Kurukh Banna''' (U+16140-U+1618F) * '''Moon''' (U+161A0-U+161FF) * '''Blissymbols''' (U+16200-U+167FF) * '''Woleai''' (U+16B90-U+16BFF) * '''Kpelle''' (U+16C00-U+16C7F) * '''Tikamuli''' (U+16C80-U+16CBF) * '''Tangsa (Khimhun)''' (U+16CD0-U+16CFF) * '''Afaka''' (U+16D00-U+16D3F) * '''Kulitan''' (U+16DD0-U+16DFF) * '''''Bopomofo Extended-A''' (U+16FA0-U+16FAF)'' * '''Kanbun Extended-A''' (U+16FB0-U+16FDF) * '''Khitan Large Script''' (U+19200-U+199FF) * '''Pau Cin Hau Syllabary''' (U+19E00-U+1A2FF) * '''Eskaya''' (U+1A300-U+1A75F) * '''Rejang Extended''' (U+1A760-U+1A77F) * '''''Kaida''''' (U+1A780-U+1A7FF) * '''Naxi Dongba''' (U+1A800-U+1ACFF) * '''''Naxi Geba''' (U+1AD00-U+1AFCF)'' * '''''Kana Extended-C''' (U+1AFD0-U+1AFEF)'' * '''Shuishu Logograms''' (U+1B300-U+1B5FF) * '''Lisu Syllabic Script''' (U+1B600-U+1B9FF) * '''Indus''' (U+1BA00-U+1BB8F) * '''Pitman Shorthand''' (U+1BCB0-U+1BCFF) * '''Proto-Elamite''' (U+1BE00-U+1C37F) * '''Linear Elamite''' (U+1C380-U+1C4FF) * '''Ndiko Jonam''' (U+1CB30-U+1CB7F) * '''N<nowiki>'</nowiki>ti''' (U+1CB80-U+1CBAF) * '''Old Chinese Musical Symbols (Flute and Pipa)''' (U+1D290-U+1D2BF) * '''''Mathematical Alphanumeric Symbols Supplement''' (U+1D380-U+1D3FF)'' * '''Jianzi Format Controls''' (U+1DAE0-U+1DAFF) * '''Eebee Hmong''' (U+1E150-U+1E1FF) * '''Western Cham''' (U+1E200-U+1E26F) * '''Loma''' (U+1E300-U+1E41F) * '''Bagam''' (U+1E420-U+1E4CF) * '''Pungchen''' (U+1E500-U+1E52F) * '''''Pungchung''' (U+1E530-U+1E55F)'' * '''''Marchung''' (U+1E560-U+1E59F)'' * '''Brusha''' (U+1E5A0-U+1E5CF) * '''''Chola''' (U+1E600-U+1E65F)'' * '''Box-Headed''' (U+1E660-U+1E6BF) * '''Lampung''' (U+1E700-U+1E73F) * '''Kerinci''' (U+1E740-U+1E76F) * '''Buginese Supplement''' (U+1E770-U+1E7BF) * '''''Lontara Bilang-Bilang''' (U+1E7C0-U+1E7DF)'' * '''N'Ko Supplement''' (U+1E960-1E97F) * '''''Byblos''''' (U+1EB90-U+1EBFF) * '''Persian Siyaq Numbers''' (U+1EC00-U+1EC7F) * '''Diwani Siyaq Numbers''' (U+1ECC0-U+1ECFF) * '''''Extended Pictographic Characters''' (U+1FC00-U+1FFFF)'' == References == {{reflist}} 0o7bxycilpfv3gwylf669d3xawecchl 4679363 4679362 2026-10-31T21:55:50Z Alexlatham96 377450 More- note that Wei Rma is close to getting accepted! 4679363 wikitext text/x-wiki {{pp-protected|small=yes}} {{Unicode page}} {{TOC right}} {{refimprove|date=June 2017}} This page is about each version specification, and the differences between the versions. == Unicode 1.0 == Unicode 1.0 was the first version of Unicode, released October 1991. It encoded 7,094 new characters. === “Blocks” === This version of Unicode did not formally group characters in blocks. But in comparison with version 2.0, the following “blocks” were available: U+0000-U+FFFD 51 Blocks * '''Basic Latin (formerly called ASCII)''' (U+0000-U+007F), containing 128 characters. * '''Latin-1 Supplement (formerly called Latin1)''' (U+0080-U+00FF), containing 128 characters. * '''Latin Extended-A''' '''(formerly called European Latin)''' (U+0100-U+017F), containing 127 characters. * '''Latin Extended-B''' '''(formerly called Extended Latin)''' (U+0180-U+01FF), containing 113 characters. * '''IPA Extensions''' '''(formerly called Standard Phonetic)''' (U+0250-U+02AF), containing 89 characters. * '''Spacing Modifier Letters''' '''(formerly called Modifier Letters)''' (U+02B0-U+02FF), containing 57 characters. * '''Combining Diacritical Marks''' '''(formerly called Generic Diacritical Marks)''' (U+0300-U+036F), containing 66 characters. * '''Greek and Coptic''' '''(formerly called Greek)''' (U+0370-U+03FF), containing 112 characters. * '''Cyrillic''' (U+0400-U+04FF), containing 192 characters. * '''Armenian''' (U+0530-U+058F), containing 84 characters. * '''Hebrew''' (U+0590-U+05FF), containing 52 characters. * '''Arabic''' (U+0600-U+06FF), containing 169 characters. * '''Devanagari''' (U+0900-U+097F), containing 104 characters. * '''Bengali''' (U+0980-U+09FF), containing 89 characters. * '''Gurmukhi''' (U+0A00-U+0A7F), containing 74 characters. * '''Gujarati''' (U+0A80-U+0AFF), containing 75 characters. * '''Oriya''' (U+0B00-U+0B7F), containing 78 characters. * '''Tamil''' (U+0B80-U+0BFF), containing 61 characters. * '''Telugu''' (U+0C00-U+0C7F), containing 80 characters. * '''Kannada''' (U+0C80-U+0CFF), containing 80 characters. * '''Malayalam''' (U+0D00-U+0D7F), containing 78 characters. * '''Thai''' (U+0E00-U+0E7F), containing 92 characters. * '''Lao''' (U+0E80-U+0EFF), containing 70 characters. * '''Tibetan''' (U+1000-U+105F), containing 71 characters. * '''Georgian''' (U+10A0-U+10FF), containing 78 characters. * '''General Punctuation''' (U+2000-U+206F), containing 67 characters. * '''Superscripts and Subscripts''' (U+2070-U+209F), containing 28 characters. * '''Currency Symbols''' (U+20A0-U+20CF), containing 11 characters. * '''Combining Marks for Symbols''' '''(formerly called Diacritical Marks for Symbols)''' (U+20D0-U+20FF), containing 18 characters. * '''Letterlike Symbols''' (U+2100-U+214F), containing 57 characters. * '''Number Forms''' (U+2150-U+218F), containing 48 characters. * '''Arrows''' (U+2190-U+21FF), containing 91 characters. * '''Mathematical Operators''' (U+2200-U+22FF), containing 242 characters. * '''Miscellaneous Technical''' (U+2300-U+23FF), containing 43 characters. * '''Control Pictures''' '''(formerly called Pictures for Control Codes)''' (U+2400-U+243F), containing 37 characters. * '''Optical Character Recognition''' (U+2440-U+245F), containing 11 characters. * '''Enclosed Alphanumerics''' (U+2460-U+24FF), containing 139 characters. * '''Box Drawing''' '''(formerly called Form and Chart Components)''' (U+2500-U+257F), containing 128 characters. * '''Block Elements''' '''(formerly called Blocks)''' (U+2580-U+259F), containing 22 characters. * '''Geometric Shapes''' (U+25A0-U+25FF), containing 79 characters. * '''Miscellaneous Symbols''' '''(formerly called Miscellaneous Dingbats)''' (U+2600-U+26FF), containing 106 characters. * '''Dingbats''' '''(formerly called Zapf Dingbats)''' (U+2700-U+27BF), containing 160 characters. * '''CJK Symbols and Punctuation''' (U+3000-U+303F), containing 56 characters. * '''Hiragana''' (U+3040-U+309F), containing 90 characters. * '''Katakana''' (U+30A0-U+30FF), containing 90 characters. * '''Bopomofo''' (U+3100-U+312F), containing 40 characters. * '''Hangul Compatibility Jamo (formerly called Hangul Elements)''' (U+3130-U+318F), containing 94 characters. * '''Kanbun''' '''(formerly called CJK Miscellaneous)''' (U+3190-U+31FF), containing 16 characters. * '''Enclosed CJK Letters and Months''' '''(formerly called Enclosed CJK Letters and Ideographs)''' (U+3200-U+32FF), containing 191 characters. * '''CJK Compatibility''' '''(formerly called CJK Squared Words for U+3300-U+337F and CJK Squared Abbreviations for U+3380-33FF)''' (U+3300-U+33FF), containing 187 characters. * '''Hangul''' (U+3400-U+3D2D), containing 2,350 characters. * '''Private Use Area''' (U+E800-U+FDFF), reserved for 5,632 characters. * '''CJK Compatibility Forms''' '''(formerly called CNS 11643 Compatibility)''' (U+FE30-U+FE4F), containing 28 characters. * '''Small Form Variants''' '''(formerly called Small Variants)''' (U+FE50-U+FE6F), containing 26 characters. * '''Arabic Presentation Forms-B''' '''(formerly called Basic Glyphs for Arabic Language)''' (U+FE70-U+FEFF), containing 140 characters. * '''Halfwidth and Fullwidth Forms''' '''(formerly called Halfwidth and Fullwidth Variants)''' (U+FF00-U+FFEF), containing 216 characters. * '''Specials''' '''(formerly called Special)''' (U+FFF0-U+FFFF), containing 1 character. == Unicode 1.0.1 == Unicode 1.0.1 was released June 1992. It encoded 28,292 characters, adding 21,204 new characters and removing 6 characters, for a net increase of 21,198 characters. === New blocks === * '''CJK Unified Ideographs''' (U+4E00-U+9FFF), containing 20,902 Han Ideographs for Chinese, Japanese and Korean, was added. * '''CJK Compatibility Ideographs''' (U+F900-U+FAFF), containing 302 Han Ideographs for compatibility with existing character sets, was added. * '''Alphabetic Presentation Forms''' (U+FB00-U+FB4F), containing 1 moved character, was added. === Extended blocks === * Some more space (total 2048 characters) was added to the '''Private Use Area'''. (U+E000-U+E7FF) === Removed blocks === * '''Tibetan''', containing 71 letters for the Tibetan script, was removed from the Unicode standard as the US, UK, and China couldn't agree on an encoding method. === Removed characters === * Lowercase historic letters and unified diacritical marks (total 7 characters) were removed from '''Greek and Coptic'''. (U+0371-U+0372, U+0384, U+03DB, U+03DD, U+03DF, and U+03E1). U+0371 was unified with U+0314, U+0372 with U+0313, and U+0384 with U+030D. * Letters Ka and Kha with Ogonek (total 4 characters) were removed from '''Cyrillic'''. (U+04C5-U+04C6 and U+04C9-U+04CA) * APL Compose Operator and APL Out (total 2 characters) were removed from '''Miscellaneous Technical'''. (U+2300-U+2301) * Phonetic Order Vowel Signs (total 5 characters) were removed from '''Thai'''. (U+0E70-U+0E74) * Phonetic Order Vowel Signs (total 5 characters) were removed from '''Lao'''. (U+0EF0-U+0EF4) * An Ideographic Ditto Mark (total 1 character) was removed from '''CJK Symbols and Punctuation''' (U+3004) and merged with U+4EDD. * Some space (total 1536 characters) was removed from the '''Private Use Area'''. (U+F900-U+FDFF) === Rearranged blocks=== *'''Circled Katakana:''' ''The characters will be arranged in modern order: e.g., A, I, U, E, O, KA, KI'' (U+32D0-U+32FE) *'''Basic Glyphs For Arabic Language:''' ''The character shapes will be arranged in different order: Isolate, Final, Initial and Medial'' (U+FE80-FEFC) === Rearranged characters === * Non-spacing diaeresis tonos was moved from '''Greek and Coptic''' (U+0385) to '''Combining Diacritical Marks''' (U+0344) * Non-spacing iota below was moved from '''Greek and Coptic''' (U+0370) to '''Combining Diacritical Marks''' (U+0345). * Greek question mark was moved in '''Greek''' from U+03D7 to U+037E. * Numeral signs were moved in '''Greek''' from U+03D8-U+03D9 to U+0374-U+0375. * Spacing tonos and diaeresis tonos were moved in '''Greek''' from U+03F3-U+03F4 to U+0384-U+0385. * Spacing iota below was moved in '''Greek''' from U+03F5 to U+037A. * Point Varika was moved from '''Hebrew''' (U+05F5) to the new '''Alphabetic Presentation Forms''' block. (U+FB1E) * Japanese Industrial Standard symbol (〄) was moved from '''Enclosed CJK Letters and Months''' (U+32FF) to '''CJK Symbols and Punctuation'''. (U+3004) === Characters with semantics changed === *'''Zero Width Non-Joiner''' [ZWNJ] (U+20DC) *'''Zero Width Joiner''' [ZWJ] (U+20DD) == Unicode 1.1 == Unicode 1.1 was released June 1993. It encoded 34,168 characters, adding 5,969 new characters and removing 93 characters, for a net increase of 5,876 characters. It finalized the long anticipated Han Unification. === New blocks === * '''Hangul Jamo''' (U+1100-U+11FF), containing 240 ''jamo'' for the Hangul script, was added. * '''Latin Extended Additional''' (U+1E00-U+1EFF), containing 245 precomposed characters for transliteration and Vietnamese, was added. * '''Greek Extended''' (U+1F00-U+1FFF), containing 233 precomposed characters for polytonic Greek, was added. * '''Hangul Supplementary-A''' (U+3D2E-U+44B7), containing 1,930 precomposed syllables for the Hangul script, was added. * '''Hangul Supplementary-B''' (U+44B8-U+4DFF), containing 2,376 precomposed syllables for the Hangul script, was added. * '''Arabic Presentation Forms-A''' (U+FB50-U+FDFF), containing 593 combinations of Arabic letters, was added. * '''Combining Half Marks''' (U+FE20-U+FE2F), containing 4 halves of diacritical marks, was added. === Extended blocks === * The long S (ſ) (total 1 character) was added to '''Latin Extended-A'''. (U+017F) * The Hungarian Dz, characters for transliteration purposes and precomposed characters with double grave and inverted breve (total 35 characters) were added to '''Latin Extended-B''' (U+01F1-U+01F5 and U+01FA-U+0217). The block was expanded from (U+0180-U+01FF) to (U+0180-U+024F) * Diacritics for polytonic Greek and double width diacritics (total 6 characters) were added to '''Combining Diacritical Marks'''. (U+0342-U+0345 and U+0360-U+0361) * Compatibility character now deprecated, Ano Teleia, and letter jot (total 2 characters) were added to '''Greek and Coptic''' (U+0387 and U+03F3). * Additional characters for non-Slavic languages (total 38 characters) were added to '''Cyrillic'''. (U+04D0-U+04EB, U+04EE-U+04F5 and U+04F8-U+04F9) * A ligature of Ech and Yiwn (և) (total 1 character) was added to '''Armenian'''. (U+0587) * One deprecated compatibility character and several characters for biblical texts (total 25 characters) were added to '''Arabic'''. (U+066D and U+06D6-U+06ED) * A sign Virama (total 1 character) was added to '''Gurmukhi''' (U+0A4D). * Letters Candra O and E (total 3 characters) were added to '''Gujarati'''. (U+0A8D, U+0A91 and U+0AC9) * An Ai Length mark (total 1 character) was added to '''Oriya'''. (U+0B56) * An undertie, a pair of brackets and six formatting characters now deprecated (total 9 characters) were added to '''General Punctuation'''. (U+203F, U+2045-U+2046 and U+206A-U+206F) * Some additional symbols and the complete set of APL functional symbols (total 79 characters) were added to '''Miscellaneous Technical'''. (U+2300 and U+232D-U+237A) * A large circle (◯) (total 1 character) was added to '''Geometric Shapes'''. (U+25EF) * The ideographic telegraph line feed separator symbol (〷) (total 1 character) was added to '''CJK Symbols and Punctuation'''. (U+3037) * Four Katakana letters not in use since 1945 (total 4 characters) were added to '''Katakana'''. (U+30F7-U+30FA) * Ideographic telegraph symbols for the twelve months (total 12 characters) were added to '''Enclosed CJK Letters and Months'''. (U+32C0-U+32CB) * Ideographic telegraph symbols for hours and days and six additional measure units (total 62 characters) were added to '''CJK Compatibility'''. (U+3358-U+3376 and U+33E0-U+33FE) * Precomposed characters and ligatures (total 56 characters) were added to '''Alphabetic Presentation Forms''' (U+FB00-U+FB06, U+FB13-U+FB17, U+FB1F-U+FB36, U+FB38-U+FB3C, U+FB3E, U+FB40-U+FB41, U+FB43-U+FB44 and U+FB46-U+FB4F). * Seven halfwidth geometric shapes (total 7 characters) were added to '''Halfwidth and Fullwidth Forms'''. (U+FFE8-U+FFEE) == Unicode 2.0 == Unicode 2.0 was released July 1996. It encoded 38,885 characters, adding 11,373 new characters and removing 6,656 characters, for a net increase of 4,717 characters. This was the first Unicode version to reserve blocks outside of the Basic Multilingual Plane. === New blocks === * '''Hangul Syllables''' (U+AC00-U+D7AF), containing 11,172 precomposed syllables for the Hangul script, was added. * '''High Surrogates''' (U+D800-U+DB7F), setting aside 896 codepoints for encoding UTF-16 surrogate pairs, was added. * '''High Private Use Surrogates''' (U+DB80-U+DBFF), setting aside 128 codepoints for encoding UTF-16 surrogate pairs, was added. * '''Low Surrogates''' (U+DC00-U+DFFF), setting aside 1,024 codepoints for encoding UTF-16 surrogate pairs, was added. * '''Supplementary Private Use Area-A''' (U+F0000-U+FFFFF), reserving 65,534 characters for private use, was added. * '''Supplementary Private Use Area-B''' (U+100000-U+10FFFF), reserving 65,534 characters for private use, was added. === Reinstated blocks === * '''Tibetan''' (U+0F00-U+0FFF), now containing 168 characters for the Tibetan script including religious signs, was readded. === Removed blocks === * '''Hangul''', containing 2,350 precomposed syllables for the Hangul script, was removed from the Unicode standard. * '''Hangul Supplementary-A''', containing 1,930 precomposed syllables for the Hangul script, was removed from the Unicode standard. * '''Hangul Supplementary-B''', containing 2,376 precomposed syllables for the Hangul script, was removed from the Unicode standard. === Extended blocks === * Cantillation marks for use in religious texts (total 31 characters) were added to '''Hebrew'''. (U+0591-U+05A1, U+05A3-U+05AF and U+05C4) * A long S with Dot Above (total 1 character) was added to '''Latin Extended Additional'''. (U+1E9B) * A Vietnamese Dong sign (total 1 character) was added to '''Currency Symbols'''. (U+20AB) == Unicode 2.1 == Unicode 2.1 was released May 1998. It encoded 38,887 characters, adding only 2 new characters. === Extended blocks === * A Euro sign (total 1 character) was added to '''Currency Symbols'''. (U+20AC) * An Object Replacement Character (total 1 character) was added to '''Specials'''. (U+FFFC) == Unicode 3.0 == Unicode 3.0 was released September 1999. It was a big update and encoded 49,194 characters, adding 10,307 new characters. === New blocks === * '''Syriac''' (U+0700-U+074F), containing 71 characters used for writing in Syriac script, was added. * '''Thaana''' (U+0780-U+07BF), containing 49 characters used for writing in Thaana script, was added. * '''Sinhala''' (U+0D80-U+0DFF), containing 80 characters for the Sinhala script, was added. * '''Myanmar''' (U+1000-U+109F), containing 78 characters for the Burmese script, was added. * '''Ethiopic''' (U+1200-U+137F), containing 345 syllables and punctuation marks for the Ethiopic script, was added. * '''Cherokee''' (U+13A0-U+13FF), containing 85 syllables for the Cherokee script, was added. * '''Unified Canadian Aboriginal Syllabics''' (U+1400-U+167F), containing 630 syllables and punctuation marks for writing in indigenous languages of Canada, was added. * '''Ogham''' (U+1680-U+169F), containing 29 characters for the ancient Ogham script, was added. * '''Runic''' (U+16A0-U+16FF), containing 81 characters for the Germanic runes, was added. * '''Khmer''' (U+1780-U+17FF), containing 103 characters for the Khmer script, was added. * '''Mongolian''' (U+1800-U+18AF), containing 155 characters for the classical Mongolian script, was added. * '''Braille Patterns''' (U+2800-U+28FF), containing 256 Braille letters, was added. * '''CJK Radicals Supplement''' (U+2E80-U+2EFF), containing 115 non-Kangxi radicals, was added. * '''Kangxi Radicals''' (U+2F00-U+2FDF), containing 214 radicals from the Kangxi dictionary, was added. * '''Ideographic Description Characters''' (U+2FF0-U+2FFF), containing 12 characters used to describe a Han ideograph not available in the font, was added. * '''Bopomofo Extended''' (U+31A0-U+31BF), containing 24 characters used for phonetic transcription of minority languages of Taiwan, was added. * '''CJK Unified Ideographs Extension A''' (U+3400-U+4DBF), containing 6,582 additional Han Ideographs, was added. * '''Yi Syllables''' (U+A000-U+A48F), containing 1,165 syllables of the modern Yi script, was added. * '''Yi Radicals''' (U+A490-U+A4CF), containing 50 radicals of Yi Syllables, was added. === Extended blocks === * Additional precomposed characters, letters and capital letters of lowercase-only letters (total 30 characters) were added to '''Latin Extended-B'''. (U+01F6-U+01F9, U+0218-U+021F and U+0222-U+0233) * Extensions for disordered speech (total 5 characters) were added to '''IPA Extensions'''. (U+02A9-U+02AD) * Some additional modifier letters (total 6 characters) were added to '''Spacing Modifier Letters'''. (U+02DF and U+02EA-U+02EE) * Additional combining diacritics for IPA (total 10 characters) were added to '''Combining Diacritical Marks'''. (U+0346-U+034E and U+0362) * Lowercase versions of archaic letters and the Kai symbol (total 5 characters) were added to '''Greek and Coptic'''. (U+03D7, U+03DB, U+03DD, U+03DF and U+03E1) * Nonstandard letters for Macedonian, combining numeral signs and three letters for Kildin Sami (total 12 characters) were added to '''Cyrillic'''. (U+0400, U+040D, U+0450, U+045D, U+0488-U+0489, U+048C-U+048F and U+04EC-U+04ED) * A Hyphen (total 1 character) was added to '''Armenian'''. (U+058A) * Combining hamza and maddah and nine additional Arabic characters (total 12 characters) were added to '''Arabic'''. (U+0653-U+0655, U+06B8-U+06B9, U+06BF, U+06CF and U+06FA-U+06FE) * Additional letters and religious symbols (total 25 characters) were added to '''Tibetan'''. (U+0F6A, U+0F96, U+0FAE-U+0FB0, U+0FB8, U+0FBA-U+0FBC, U+0FBE-U+0FCC and U+0FCF) * A narrow no-break space and 6 additional punctuation marks (total 7 characters) were added to '''General Punctuation'''. (U+202F and U+2048-U+204D) * The Kip, Tugrik and Drachma sign (total 3 characters) were added to '''Currency Symbols'''. (U+20AD-U+20AF) * An enclosing screen and an enclosing key (total 2 characters) were added to '''Combining Diacritical Marks for Symbols'''. (U+20E2-U+20E3) * The information symbol and a rotated Q (total 2 characters) were added to '''Letterlike Symbols'''. (U+2139-U+213A) * A mirrored Roman capital numeral hundred (Ↄ) (total 1 character) was added to '''Number Forms'''. (U+2183) * Some additional arrows (total 9 characters) were added to '''Arrows'''. (U+21EB-U+21F3) * Some additional technical symbols, including common keys on a 101 keyboard (total 33 characters) were added to '''Miscellaneous Technical'''. (U+2301, U+237B and U+237D-U+239A) * Two additional control pictures (total 2 characters) were added to '''Control Pictures'''. (U+2425-U+2426) * Squares and circles with quadrants (total 8 characters) were added to '''Geometric Shapes'''. (U+25F0-U+25F7) * Two Syriac crosses and a signature mark (total 3 characters) were added to '''Miscellaneous Symbols'''. (U+2619 and U+2670-U+2671) * Three Hangzhou numerals and a variation indicator (total 4 characters) were added to '''CJK Symbols and Punctuation'''. (U+3038-U+303A and U+303E) * A ligature Yod with Hiriq (יִ) (total 1 character) was added to '''Alphabetic Presentation Forms'''. (U+FB1D) * Three additional control characters for ruby markup (total 3 characters) were added to '''Specials'''. (U+FFF9-U+FFFB) == Unicode 3.1 == Unicode 3.1 was released March 2001. It encoded 94,140 characters, adding 44,946 new characters, and mainly focused on blocks outside of the Basic Multilingual Plane. === New blocks === * '''Old Italic''' (U+10300-U+1032F), containing 35 letters for the Etruscan script, was added. * '''Gothic''' (U+10330-U+1034F), containing 27 letters for the Gothic script, was added. * '''Deseret''' (U+10400-U+1044F), containing 76 letters for the constructed Deseret script, was added. * '''Byzantine Musical Symbols''' (U+1D000-U+1D0FF), containing 246 symbols for musical notation in Byzantine, was added. * '''Musical Symbols''' (U+1D100-U+1D1FF), containing 219 characters for current musical notation, was added. * '''Mathematical Alphanumeric Symbols''' (U+1D400-U+1D7FF), containing 991 Latin and Greek letters in serif, sans-serif, bold, italic, double-struck, script and Fraktur/Blackletter, was added. * '''CJK Unified Ideographs Extension B''' (U+20000-U+2A6DF), containing 42,711 additional Chinese Ideographs, was added. * '''CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement''' (U+2F800-U+2FA1F), containing 542 additional Chinese Ideographs for compatibility purposes, was added. * '''Tags''', containing 97 language tags, was added. (U+E0000-U+E007F) === Extended noncharacters === * The Noncharacters range: U+FDD0..U+FDEF were added to '''Arabic Presentation Forms-A'''. === Extended blocks === * The capital Theta symbol and the Lunate Epsilon symbol (total 2 characters) were added to '''Greek and Coptic'''. (U+03F4-U+03F5) === Characters and Scripts Under Investigation or Rejected === * Khmer Sign Laak Was Rejected. (U+17DD) From '''Khmer.''' * Georgian Letter U-Brjuu Was Rejected. From '''Georgian.''' == Unicode 3.2 == Unicode 3.2 was released March 2002. It encoded 95,156 characters, adding 1,016 new characters. === New blocks === * '''Cyrillic Supplementary (now Cyrillic Supplement)''' (U+0500-U+052F), containing 16 characters used for the Komi language, was added. * '''Tagalog''' (U+1700-U+171F), containing 20 characters for the Baybayin script, was added. * '''Hanunoo''' (U+1720-U+173F), containing 23 characters and punctuation for the Hanunó'o script, was added. * '''Buhid''' (U+1740-U+175F), containing 20 characters for the Buhid script, was added. * '''Tagbanwa''' (U+1760-U+177F), containing 18 characters for the Tagbanwa script, was added. * '''Miscellaneous Mathematical Symbols-A''' (U+27C0-U+27EF), containing 28 symbols used in math notation, was added. * '''Supplemental Arrows-A''' (U+27F0-U+27FF), containing 16 additional arrows, was added. * '''Supplemental Arrows-B''' (U+2900-U+297F), containing 128 special arrows, was added. * '''Miscellaneous Mathematical Symbols-B''' (U+2980-U+29FF), containing 128 additional mathematical symbols, was added. * '''Supplemental Mathematical Operators''' (U+2A00-U+2AFF), containing 256 additional mathematical operators, was added. * '''Katakana Phonetic Extensions''' (U+31F0-U+31FF), containing 16 Katakana letters used for Ainu, was added. * '''Variation Selectors''' (U+FE00-U+FE0F), containing 16 symbols used for indicating variations, was added. === Extended blocks === * A capital letter N with Long Right Leg (total 1 character) was added to '''Latin Extended-B'''. (U+0220) * The combining grapheme joiner and combining Latin letters used in medieval texts (total 14 characters) were added to '''Combining Diacritical Marks'''. (U+034F and U+0363-U+036F) * The Qoppa and a reversed lunate epsilon symbol (total 3 characters) were added to '''Greek and Coptic'''. (U+03D8-U+03D9 and U+03F6) * Four additional letters used for the Kildin Sami language (total 8 characters) were added to '''Cyrillic'''. (U+048A-U+048B, U+04C5-U+04C6, U+04C9-U+04CA and U+04CD-U+04CE) * A dotless Beh and a dotless Qaf (total 2 characters) were added to '''Arabic'''. (U+066E-U+066F) * A Letter for Addu dialect (total 1 character) was added to '''Thaana'''. (U+07B1) * The letters Yn and Elifi (total 2 characters) were added to '''Georgian'''. (U+10F7-U+10F8) * Some additional punctuation marks and control characters (total 12 characters) were added to '''General Punctuation'''. (U+2047, U+204E-U+2052, U+2057 and U+205F-U+2063) * A superscript letter I (total 1 character) was added to '''Superscripts and Subscripts'''. (U+2071) * German Penny and Peso sign (total 2 characters) were added to '''Currency Symbols'''. (U+20B0-U+20B1) * Some additional combining characters (total 7 characters) were added to '''Combining Diacritical Marks for Symbols'''. (U+20E4-U+20EA) * Some double-struck and reversed/turned letters (total 15 characters) were added to '''Letterlike Symbols'''. (U+213D-U+214B) * Some additional arrows (total 12 characters) were added to '''Arrows'''. (U+21F4-U+21FF) * Some additional mathematical operators (total 14 characters) were added to '''Mathematical Operators'''. (U+22F2-U+22FF) * Variable-width and additional symbols (total 53 characters) were added to '''Miscellaneous Technical'''. (U+237C and U+239B-U+23CE) * Black and double circled numerals (total 20 characters) were added to '''Enclosed Alphanumerics'''. U+24EB-U+24FE) * Quadrant elements (total 10 characters) were added to '''Block Elements'''. (U+2596-U+259F) * Some additional triangles and squares (total 8 characters) were added to '''Geometric Shapes'''. (U+25F8-U+25FF) * Shogi pieces ,recycling symbols, dices and dotted circles (total 24 characters) were added to '''Miscellaneous Symbols'''. (U+2616-U+2617, U+2672-U+267D and U+2680-U+2689) * Additional parenthesis (total 14 characters) were added to '''Dingbats'''. (U+2768-U+2775) * Three additional marks (total 3 characters) were added to '''CJK Symbols and Punctuation'''. (U+303B-U+303D) * A digraph and two additional characters (total 3 characters) were added to '''Hiragana'''. (U+3095-U+3096 and U+309F) * A digraph and a double hyphen (total 2 characters) were added to '''Katakana'''. (U+30A0 and U+30FF) * Additional circled numerals (total 30 characters) were added to '''Enclosed CJK Letters and Months'''. (U+3251-U+325F and U+32B1-U+32BF * Five missing radicals (total 5 characters) were added to '''Yi Radicals'''. (U+A4A2-U+A4A3, U+A4B4, U+A4C1, U+A4C5) * Additional compatibility characters (total 59 characters) were added to '''CJK Compatibility Ideographs'''. (U+FA30-U+FA6A) * A Rial sign (total 1 character) was added to '''Arabic Presentation Forms-A'''. (U+FDFC) * Two sesame dots (total 2 characters) were added to '''CJK Compatibility Forms'''. (U+FE45-U+FE46) * A tail fragment (total 1 character) was added to '''Arabic Presentation Forms-B'''. (U+FE73) * A pair of double parenthesis (total 2 characters) was added to '''Halfwidth and Fullwidth Forms'''. (U+FF5F-U+FF60) == Unicode 4.0 == Unicode 4.0 was released April 2003. It encoded 96,382 characters, adding 1,226 new characters. === New blocks === * '''Limbu''' (U+1900-U+194F), containing 66 characters for the Limbu abugida, was added. * '''Tai Le''' (U+1950-U+197F), containing 35 letters for the Tai Le script, was added. * '''Khmer Symbols''' (U+19E0-U+19FF), containing 32 symbols for the lunar calendar, was added. * '''Phonetic Extensions''' (U+1D00-U+1D7F), containing 108 letters used in phonetic transcription, was added. * '''Miscellaneous Symbols and Arrows''' (U+2B00-U+2BFF), containing 14 additional arrows, was added. * '''Yijing Hexagram Symbols''' (U+4DC0-U+4DFF), containing 64 hexagrams, was added. * '''Linear B Syllabary''' (U+10000-U+1007F), containing 88 syllables of the ancient Linear B script, was added. * '''Linear B Ideograms''' (U+10080-U+100FF), containing 123 ideograms of the ancient Linear B script, was added. * '''Aegean Numbers''' (U+10100-U+1013F), containing 57 numerals used in the Aegean area, was added. * '''Ugaritic''' (U+10380-U+1039F), containing 31 characters used in Ugaritic cuneiform, was added. * '''Shavian''' (U+10450-U+1047F), containing 48 letters used for the artificial Shavian script, was added. * '''Osmanya''' (U+10480-U+104AF), containing 40 characters used in the artificial Osmanya script, was added. * '''Cypriot Syllabary''' (U+10800-U+1083F), containing 55 characters formerly used on Cyprus, was added. * '''Tai Xuan Jing Symbols''' (U+1D300-U+1D35F), containing 87 symbols of Tai Xuan Jing, was added. * '''Variation Selectors Supplement''' (U+E0100-U+E01EF), containing 240 additional variation selectors, was added. === Extended blocks === * Letters with curl used in Sinology (total 4 characters) were added to '''Latin Extended-B'''. (U+0221 and U+0234-U+0236) * Former IPA letters (total 2 characters) were added to '''IPA Extensions'''. (U+02AE-U+02AF) * Some additional characters (total 17 characters) were added to '''Spacing Modifier Letters'''. (U+02EF-U+02FF) * Additional combining double-width diacritics and diacritics corresponding to their spacing equivalent (total 11 characters) were added to '''Combining Diacritical Marks'''. (U+0350-U+0357 and U+035D-U+035F) * The archaic letters Sho and San and the capital Lunate Sigma (total 5 characters) were added to '''Greek and Coptic'''. (U+03F7-U+03FB) * Some additional markers, biblical signs, and letters with inverted V (total 19 characters) were added to '''Arabic'''. (U+0600-U+0603, U+060D-U+0615, U+0656-U+0658, U+06EE-U+06EF and U+06FF) * Letters used for foreign words from Persian and Sogdian (total 6 characters) were added to '''Syriac'''. (U+072D-U+072F and U+074D-U+074F) * The short A (ऄ) (total 1 character) was added to '''Devanagari'''. (U+0904) * The Avagraha sign (ঽ) (total 1 character) was added to '''Bengali'''. (U+09BD) * The Adak Bindi and Visarga signs (total 2 characters) were added to '''Gurmukhi'''. (U+0A01 and U+0A03) * The vocalic l and ll and the Rupee sign (total 5 characters) were added to '''Gujarati'''. (U+0A8C and U+0AF1-U+0AF3) * The letters Va and Wa (total 2 characters) were added to '''Oriya'''. (U+0B35 and U+0B71) * Additional signs for date and finance environments (total 8 characters) were added to '''Tamil'''. (U+0BF3-U+0BFA) * The Nukta and Avagraha signs (total 2 characters) were added to '''Kannada'''. (U+0CBC-U+0CBD) * Some symbols and signs (total 11 characters) were added to '''Khmer'''. (U+17DD and U+17F0-U+17F9) * An inverted undertie and a swung dash (total 2 characters) were added to '''General Punctuation'''. (U+2053-U+2054) * The facsimile sign (℻) (total 1 character) was added to '''Letterlike Symbols'''. (U+213B) * The eject symbol and a vertical line (total 2 characters) were added to '''Miscellaneous Technical'''. (U+23CF-U+23D0) * A black circled digit zero (⓿) (total 1 character) was added to '''Enclosed Alphanumerics'''. (U+24FF) * Monograms and diagrams, flags, warning and weather symbols and a cup of tea (total 12 characters) were added to '''Miscellaneous Symbols'''. (U+2614-U+2615, U+268A-U+2691 and U+26A0-U+26A1) * Additional parenthesized and circled Korean characters and supplemental signs (total 9 characters) were added to '''Enclosed CJK Letters and Months'''. (U+321D-U+321E, U+3250, U+327C-U+327D and U+32CC-U+32CF) * Additional measure units (total 7 characters) were added to '''CJK Compatibility'''. (U+3377-U+337A, U+33DE-U+33DF and U+33FF) * An additional Arabic sign (﷽) (total 1 character) was added to '''Arabic Presentation Forms-A'''. (U+FDFD) * A pair of vertical parenthesis (total 2 characters) was added to '''CJK Compatibility Forms'''. (U+FE47-U+FE48) * The letters Oi and Ew (total 4 characters) were added to '''Deseret'''. (U+10426-U+10427 and U+1044E-U+1044F) * A small script l (ℓ) (total 1 character) was added to '''Mathematical Alphanumeric Symbols'''. (U+1D4C1) == Unicode 4.1 == Unicode 4.1 was released on March 31st, 2005. It encoded 97,655 characters, adding 1,273 new characters. === New blocks === * '''Arabic Supplement''' (U+0750-U+077F), containing 30 characters for various languages written with the Arabic script, was added. * '''Ethiopic Supplement''' (U+1380-U+139F), containing 26 characters and signs for Sebatbeit, was added. * '''New Tai Lue''' (U+1980-U+19DF), containing 80 characters for the New Tai Lue script, was added. * '''Buginese''' (U+1A00-U+1A1F), containing 30 characters for the Lontara script, was added. * '''Phonetic Extensions Supplement''' (U+1D80-U+1DBF), containing 64 additional letters for phonetic transcription, was added. * '''Combining Diacritical Marks Supplement''' (U+1DC0-U+1DFF), containing 4 additional diacritics, was added. * '''Glagolitic''' (U+2C00-U+2C5F), containing 94 characters for the Glagolitic script, was added. * '''Coptic''' (U+2C80-U+2CFF), containing 114 characters for the Coptic script, was added. * '''Georgian Supplement''' (U+2D00-U+2D2F), containing 38 Nuskhuri letters, was added. * '''Tifinagh''' (U+2D30-U+2D7F), containing 55 characters for the Tifinagh script, was added. * '''Ethiopic Extended''' (U+2D80-U+2DDF), containing 79 additional Ethiopic syllables, was added. * '''Supplemental Punctuation''' (U+2E00-U+2E7F), containing 26 additional punctuation marks, was added. * '''CJK Strokes''' (U+31C0-U+31CF), containing 16 strokes for Han Ideographs, was added. * '''Modifier Tone Letters''' (U+A700-U+A71F), containing 23 letters for Chinese tones, was added. * '''Syloti Nagri''' (U+A800-U+A82F), containing 44 characters for the Syloti Nagri abugida, was added. * '''Vertical Forms''' (U+FE10-U+FE1F), containing 10 punctuation marks suited for vertical text, was added. * '''Ancient Greek Numbers''' (U+10140-U+1018F), containing 75 numerals and signs used in Ancient Greek, was added. * '''Old Persian''' (U+103A0-U+103DF), containing 50 characters for Old Persian cuneiform, was added. * '''Kharoshthi''' (U+10A00-U+10A5F), containing 65 characters for the Kharoshthi abugida, was added. * '''Ancient Greek Musical Notation''' (U+1D200-U+1D24F), containing 70 musical signs used in Ancient Greek, was added. === Extended blocks === * Letters for Sencoten, digraphs, letters with swash tail and other additions (total 11 characters) were added to '''Latin Extended-B'''. (U+0237-U+0241) * Additional diacritics for transliteration (total 5 characters) were added to '''Combining Diacritical Marks'''. (U+0358-U+035C) * Rho with stroke, reversed and dotted Lunate Sigma (total 4 characters) were added to '''Greek and Coptic'''. (U+03FC-U+03FF) * Ghe with descender (Ӷ) (total 2 characters) was added to '''Cyrillic'''. (U+04F6-U+04F7) * An additional biblical mark and some punctuation marks (total 4 characters) were added to '''Hebrew'''. (U+05A2 and U+05C5-U+05C7) * Additional biblical marks, punctuation marks and the Afghani sign (total 8 characters) were added to '''Arabic'''. (U+060B, U+061E, and U+0659-U+065E) * A glottal stop (ॽ) (total 1 character) was added to '''Devanagari'''. (U+097D) * The Khanda Ta letter (ৎ) (total 1 character) was added to '''Bengali'''. (U+09CE) * The letter Sha and the digit zero (total 2 characters) were added to '''Tamil'''. (U+0BB6 and U+0BE6) * Two marks used in Bhutan (total 2 characters) were added to '''Tibetan'''. (U+0FD0-U+0FD1) * Two letters and a modifier letter (total 3 characters) were added to '''Georgian'''. (U+10F9-U+10FA and U+10FC) * Some additional syllables (total 11 characters) were added to '''Ethiopic'''. (U+1207, U+1247, U+1287, U+12AF, U+12CF, U+12EF, U+130F, U+131F, U+1347, U+135F, and U+1360) * Additional phonetic symbols (total 20 characters) were added to '''Phonetic Extensions'''. (U+1D6C-U+1D7F) * A flower and dot punctuation marks (total 9 characters) were added to '''General Punctuation'''. (U+2055-U+2056 and U+2058-U+205E) * Additional subscript letters (total 5 characters) were added to '''Superscripts and Subscripts'''. (U+2090-U+2094) * The Guarani, Austral, Hryvnia and Cedi signs (total 4 characters) were added to '''Currency Symbols'''. (U+20B2-U+20B5) * A combining long double solidus (total 1 character) was added to '''Combining Diacritical Marks for Symbols'''. (U+20EB) * The per sign and a double-struck letter Pi (total 2 characters) were added to '''Letterlike Symbols'''. (U+213C and U+214C) * Metrical and electrical signs (total 11 characters) were added to '''Miscellaneous Technical'''. (U+23D1-U+23DB) * Additional gender and map symbols (total 30 characters) were added to '''Miscellaneous Symbols'''. (U+2618, U+267E-U+267F, U+2692-U+269C, and U+26A2-U+26B1) * Some additional mathematical symbols (total 7 characters) were added to '''Miscellaneous Mathematical Symbols-A'''. (U+27C0-U+27C6) * Additional arrows and squares (total 6 characters) were added to '''Miscellaneous Symbols and Arrows'''. (U+2B0E-U+2B1D) * A circled Hangul character (㉾) (total 1 character) was added to '''Enclosed CJK Letters and Months'''. (U+327E) * Additional Han Ideographs (total 22 characters) were added to '''CJK Unified Ideographs'''. (U+9FA6-U+9FBB) * Additional Compatibility Ideographs (total 106 characters) were added to '''CJK Compatibility Ideographs'''. (U+FA70-U+FAD9) * Italic dotless small i and j (total 2 characters) were added to '''Mathematical Alphanumeric Symbols'''. (U+1D6A4-U+1D6A5) == Unicode 5.0 == Unicode 5.0 was released on July 14th, 2006. It encoded 99,024 characters, adding 1,369 new characters. === New blocks === * '''N'Ko''' (U+07C0-U+07FF), containing 59 characters for the N'Ko script, was added. * '''Balinese''' (U+1B00-U+1B7F), containing 121 characters and musical signs for the Balinese abugida, was added. * '''Latin Extended-C''' (U+2C60-U+2C7F), containing 17 letters for various languages, was added. * '''Latin Extended-D''' (U+A720-U+A7FF), containing 2 characters for UPA, was added. * '''Phags-pa''' (U+A840-U+A87F), containing 56 characters for the Phags-pa script, was added. * '''Phoenician''' (U+10900-U+1091F), containing 27 letters and numerals for the Phoenician script, was added. * '''Cuneiform''' (U+12000-U+123FF), containing 879 signs for Sumero-Akkadian Cuneiform, was added. * '''Cuneiform Numbers and Punctuation''' (U+12400-U+1247F), containing 103 numerals and punctuation signs for Sumero-Akkadian Cuneiform, was added. * '''Counting Rod Numerals''' (U+1D360-U+1D37F), containing 18 numerals used with counting rods, was added. === Extended blocks === * Various letters used mainly for aboriginal languages (total 14 characters) were added to '''Latin Extended-B'''. (U+0242-U+024F) * Lowercase lunate sigma symbols (total 3 characters) were added to '''Greek and Coptic'''. (U+037B-U+037D) * Lowercase palochka and 3 letters used in Nivkh (total 7 characters) were added to '''Cyrillic'''. (U+04CF and U+04FA-U+04FF) * Two letters used in Khanty and other languages (total 4 characters) were added to '''Cyrillic Supplement'''. (U+0510-U+0513) * A specific point meant for Vav (total 1 character) was added to '''Hebrew'''. (U+05BA) * Four letters used in Sindhi (total 4 characters) were added to '''Devanagari'''. (U+097B-U+097C and U+097E-U+097F) * Four letters used in Sanskrit (total 4 characters) were added to '''Kannada'''. (U+0CE2-U+0CE3 and U+0CF1-U+0CF2) * Additional IPA diacritics (total 9 characters) were added to '''Combining Diacritical Marks Supplement'''. (U+1DC4-U+1DCA) * Four combining arrows (total 4 characters) were added to '''Combining Diacritical Marks for Symbols'''. (U+20EC-U+20EF) * A danish symbol and a lowercase turned F (total 2 characters) were added to '''Letterlike Symbols'''. (U+214D-U+214E) * A lowercase reversed C (ↄ) (total 1 character) was added to '''Number Forms'''. (U+2184) * Vertical parenthesis, geometric forms and electrical symbols (total 12 characters) were added to '''Miscellaneous Technical'''. (U+23DC-U+23E7) * A neuter symbol (⚲) (total 1 character) was added to '''Miscellaneous Symbols'''. (U+26B2) * Four additional mathematical symbols (total 4 characters) were added to '''Miscellaneous Mathematical Symbols-A'''. (U+27C7-U+27CA) * Additional squares, pentagons and hexagons (total 11 characters) were added to '''Miscellaneous Symbols and Arrows'''. (U+2B14-U+2B1A and U+2B20-U+2B23) * Four additional tone letters used in Chinantec (total 4 characters) were added to '''Modifier Tone Letters'''. (U+A717-U+A71A) * Bold Digamma (𝟊/'''Ϝ''') (total 2 characters) was added to '''Mathematical Alphanumeric Symbols'''. (U+1D7CA-U+1D7CB) == Unicode 5.1 == Unicode 5.1 was released on April 4th, 2008. It encoded 100,648 characters, adding 1,624 new characters. === New blocks === * '''Sundanese''' (U+1B80-U+1BBF), containing 55 letters for Sundanese script, was added. * '''Lepcha''' (U+1C00-U+1C4F), containing 74 letters for Lepcha script, was added. * '''Ol Chiki''' (U+1C50-U+1C7F), containing 48 letters for Ol Chiki script, was added. * '''Cyrillic Extended-A''' (U+2DE0-U+2DFF), containing 32 letters for combining Cyrillic letters, was added. * '''Vai''' (U+A500-U+A63F), containing 300 letters for Vai script, was added. * '''Cyrillic Extended-B''' (U+A640-U+A69F), containing 78 letters for additional Cyrillic characters, was added. * '''Saurashtra''' (U+A880-U+A8DF), containing 81 letters for Saurashtra script, was added. * '''Kayah Li''' (U+A900-U+A92F), containing 48 letters for Kayah languages, was added. * '''Rejang''' (U+A930-U+A95F), containing 37 letters for Rejang script, was added. * '''Cham''' (U+AA00-U+AA5F), containing 83 letters for Cham script, was added. * '''Ancient Symbols''' (U+10190-U+101CF), containing 12 characters for weights and measures and other ancient symbols, was added. * '''Phaistos Disc''' (U+101D0-U+101FF), containing 46 hieroglyphs for Phaistos, was added. * '''Lycian''' (U+10280-U+1029F), containing 29 letters for Lycian script, was added. * '''Carian''' (U+102A0-U+102DF), containing 49 letters for Carian script, was added. * '''Lydian''' (U+10920-U+1093F), containing 27 letters for Lydian script, was added. * '''Mahjong Tiles''' (U+1F000-U+1F02F), containing 44 mahjong tiles, was added. * '''Domino Tiles''' (U+1F030-U+1F09F), containing 100 domino tiles, was added. === Extended blocks === * Archaic letters and capital kai symbol (total 7 characters) were added to '''Greek and Coptic'''. (U+0370-U+0373, U+0375-U+0376 and U+03CF) * Combining Pokrytie (total 1 character) was added to '''Cyrillic'''. (U+0487) * Mordvin, Kurdish, Aleut and Chuvash letters (total 16 characters) were added to '''Cyrillic Supplement'''. (U+0514-U+0523) * Radix symbols, Letterlike, punctuation, Koranic annotation signs and additions for early Persian and Azerbaijani (total 15 characters) were added to '''Arabic'''. (U+0606-U+060A, U+0616-U+061A and U+063B-U+063F) * Additional letters in Torwali, Burushaski and early Persian (total 18 characters) were added to '''Arabic Supplement'''. (U+076E-U+077F) * High spacing dot and candra a (total 2 characters) were added to '''Devanagari'''. (U+0971-U+0972) * Udaat and yakash signs (total 2 characters) were added to '''Gurmukhi'''. (U+0A51 and U+0A75) * Vocalic rr, l and ll (total 3 characters) were added to '''Oriya'''. (U+0B44 and U+0B62-U+0B63) * Om symbol (ௐ) (total 1 character) was added to '''Tamil'''. (U+0BD0) * Avagraha, additional phonetic letters, vocalic l and ll, fractional signs and tuumu (total 13 characters) were added to '''Telugu'''. (U+0C3D, U+0C58-U+0C59, U+0C62-U+0C63 and U+0C78-U+0C7F) * Avagraha, vocalic rr, l and ll, Malayalam numerics and fractions and chillu letters (total 17 characters) were added to '''Malayalam'''. (U+0D3D, U+0D44, U+0D62-U+0D63, U+0D70-U+0D75 and U+0D79-U+0D7F) * Letters for Balti and various symbols (total 6 characters) were added to '''Tibetan'''. (U+0F6B-U+0F6C, U+0FCE and U+0FD2-U+0FD4) * Characters for various languages (total 78 characters) were added to '''Myanmar'''. (U+1022, U+1028, U+102B, U+1033-U+1035, U+103A-U+103F, U+105A-U+1099 and U+109E-U+109F) * Manchu Ali Gali lha (ᢪ) (total 1 character) was added to '''Mongolian'''. (U+18AA) * Miscellaneous combining marks (total 28 characters) were added to '''Combining Diacritical Marks Supplement'''. (U+1DCB-U+1DE6) * Medievalist latin letters and miscellaneous letters (total 10 characters) were added to '''Latin Extended Additional'''. (U+1E9C-U+1E9F and U+1EFA-U+1EFF) * Invisible plus (+) (total 1 character) was added to '''General Punctuation'''. (U+2064) * Combining asterisk above ( ⃰)(total 1 character) was added to '''Combining Diacritical Marks for Symbols'''. (U+20F0) * Symbol for Samaritan Source (⅏) (total 1 character) was added to '''Letterlike Symbols'''. (U+214F) * Archaic Roman Numerals (total 4 characters) were added to '''Number Forms'''. (U+2185-U+2188) * Outlined white star and other signs (total 15 characters) were added to '''Miscellaneous Symbols'''. (U+269D, U+26B3-U+26BC and U+26C0-U+26C3) * Long division and additional mathematical brackets (total 5 characters) were added to '''Miscellaneous Mathematical Symbols-A'''. (U+27CC and U+27EC-U+27EF) * Miscellaneous signs (total 51 characters) were added to '''Miscellaneous Symbols and Arrows'''. (U+2B1B-U+2B1F, U+2B24-U+2B4C, and U+2B50-U+2B54) * Additional Latin letters (total 12 characters) were added to '''Latin Extended-C'''. (U+2C6D-U+2C6F, U+2C71-U+2C73, and U+2C78-U+2C7D) * Additional punctuation (total 23 characters) were added to '''Supplemental Punctuation'''. (U+2E18-U+2E1B and U+2E1E-U+2E30) * Letter ih (ㄭ) (total 1 character) was added to '''Bopomofo'''. (U+312D) * Other strokes (total 20 characters) were added to '''CJK Strokes'''. (U+31D0-U+31E3) * Miscellaneous additions (total 8 characters) were added to '''CJK Unified Ideographs'''. (U+9FBC-U+9FC3) * Africanist tone letters (total 5 characters) were added to '''Modifier Tone Letters'''. (U+A71B-U+A71F) * Miscellaneous letters and symbols (total 112 characters) were added to '''Latin Extended-D'''. (U+A722-U+A78C and U+A7FB-U+A7FF) * Continuous macrons for Coptic (total 3 characters) were added to '''Combining Half Marks'''. (U+FE24-U+FE26) * Musical symbol multiple measure rest (𝄩) (total 1 character) was added to '''Musical Symbols'''. (U+1D129) == Unicode 5.2 == Unicode 5.2 was released on October 1st, 2009. It encoded 107,296 characters, adding 6,648 new characters. === New blocks === * '''Samaritan''' (U+0800-U+083F), containing 61 letters for Samaritan script, was added. * '''Unified Canadian Aboriginal Syllabics Extended''' (U+18B0-U+18FF), containing 70 syllables for various Cree languages, was added. * '''Tai Tham''' (U+1A20-U+1AAF), containing 127 letters for Tai Tham script, was added. * '''Vedic Extensions''' (U+1CD0-U+1CFF), containing 35 characters for tone marks and signs, was added. * '''Lisu''' (U+A4D0-U+A4FF), containing 48 letters for Lisu (Fraser) script, was added. * '''Bamum''' (U+A6A0-U+A6FF), containing 88 letters for Bamum script, was added. * '''Common Indic Number Forms''' (U+A830-U+A83F), containing 10 fractions and marks, was added. * '''Devanagari Extended''' (U+A8E0-U+A8FF), containing 28 additional marks, was added. * '''Hangul Jamo Extended-A''' (U+A960-U+A97F), containing 29 characters for additional old initial consonants in hangul jamo, was added. * '''Javanese''' (U+A980-U+A9DF), containing 91 letters for Javanese script, was added. * '''Myanmar Extended-A''' (U+AA60-U+AA7B), containing 28 letters for Khamti Shan in Myanmar, was added. * '''Tai Viet''' (U+AA80-U+AADF), containing 72 letters for Tai Viet script, was added. * '''Meetei Mayek''' (U+ABC0-U+ABFF), containing 56 letters for Meetei Mayek script, was added. * '''Hangul Jamo Extended-B''' (U+D7B0-U+D7FF), containing 72 characters for additional old medieval vowels and final consonants in hangul jamo, was added. * '''Imperial Aramaic''' (U+10840-U+1085F), containing 31 characters for Old Aramaic, was added. * '''Old South Arabian''' (U+10A60-U+10A7F), containing 32 letters and numbers for South Arabian, was added. * '''Avestan''' (U+10B00-U+10B3F), containing 61 characters for Avestan script, was added. * '''Inscriptional Parthian''' (U+10B40-U+10B5F), containing 30 characters for Inscriptional Parthian script, was added. * '''Inscriptional Pahlavi''' (U+10B60-U+10B7F), containing 27 characters for Inscriptional Pahlavi script, was added. * '''Old Turkic''' (U+10C00-U+10C4F), containing 73 characters for Orkhon script, was added. * '''Rumi Numeral Symbols''' (U+10E60-U+10E7F), containing 31 numeric characters used in Fez, Morocco, and elsewhere in North Africa and the Iberian peninsula, between the tenth and seventeenth centuries, was added. * '''Kaithi''' (U+11080-U+110CF), containing 66 letters for Kaithi script, was added. * '''Egyptian Hieroglyphs''' (U+13000-U+1342F), containing 1,071 hieroglyphs for Egyptian, was added. * '''Enclosed Alphanumeric Supplement''' (U+1F100-U+1F1FF), containing 63 additional circled, parenthesized and squared alphanumerics, was added. * '''Enclosed Ideographic Supplement''' (U+1F200-U+1F2FF), containing 44 squared and tortoised shell bracketed ideographs, was added. * '''CJK Unified Ideographs Extension C''' (U+2A700-U+2B73F), containing 4,149 additional Chinese Ideographs, was added. === Extended blocks === * Abkhaz letters (total 2 characters) were added to '''Cyrillic Supplement'''. (U+0524-U+0525) * Inverted Candrabindu and additional signs and letters (total 5 characters) were added to '''Devanagari'''. (U+0900, U+094E, U+0955 and U+0979-U+097A) * Ganda Mark (৻) (total 1 character) was added to '''Bengali'''. (U+09FB) * Religious svasti signs (total 4 characters) were added to '''Tibetan'''. (U+0FD5-U+0FD8) * Extensions for Khamti Shan and Alton and Phake (total 4 characters) were added to '''Myanmar'''. (U+109A-U+109D) * Additional old initial consonants, medival vowels, and old final consonants (total 16 characters) were added to '''Hangul Jamo'''. (U+115A-U+115E, U+11A3-U+11A7 and U+11FA-U+11FF) * Hyphen and additional syllables (total 10 characters) were added to '''Unified Canadian Aboriginal Syllabics'''. (U+1400 and U+1677-U+167F) * Letter Sua and Tham Digit One (total 3 characters) were added to '''New Tai Lue'''. (U+19AA-U+19AB and U+19DA) * Combing Almost Equal to Below ( ᷽) (total 1 character) was added to '''Combining Diacritical Marks Supplement'''. (U+1DFD) * The Live Tournosis, Spesmillo and Tenge signs (total 3 characters) were added to '''Currency Symbols'''. (U+20B6-U+20B8) * Additional vulgar fractions from ARIB STD B24 (total 4 characters) were added to '''Number Forms'''. (U+2150-U+2152 and U+2189) * Decimal exponent symbol (⏨) from ARIB STD B24 (total 1 characters) was added to '''Miscellaneous Technical'''. (U+23E8) * A soccer ball and symbols from ARIB STD B24 (total 59 characters) were added to '''Miscellaneous Symbols'''. (U+269E-U+269F, U+26BD-U+26BF, U+26C4-U+26CD, U+26CF-U+26E1, U+26E3 and U+26E8-U+26FF) * Heavy exclamation mark symbol (❗) from ARIB STD B24 (total 1 character) was added to '''Dingbats'''. (U+2757) * Traffic sign, dictionary and map symbols from ARIB STD B24 (total 5 characters) were added to '''Miscellaneous Symbols and Arrows'''. (U+2B55-U+2B59) * Capital letter turned alpha and additions for Shona (total 3 characters) were added to '''Latin Extended-C'''. (U+2C70 to U+2C7E-U+2C7F) * Cryptogrammic letters and combining marks (total 7 characters) were added to '''Coptic'''. (U+2CEB-U+2CF1) * Word separator middle dot (⸱) (total 1 character) was added to '''Supplemental Punctuation'''. (U+2E31) * Circled ideographs and numbers on black squares from ARIB STD B24 (total 12 characters) were added to '''Enclosed CJK Letters and Months'''. (U+3244-U+324F) * Miscellaneous additions (total 8 characters) were added to '''CJK Unified Ideographs'''. (U+9FC4-U+9FCB) * Miscellaneous additions for compatibility (total 3 characters) were added to '''CJK Compatibility Ideographs'''. (U+FA6B-U+FA6D) * Number two and three (total 2 characters) were added to '''Phoenician'''. (U+1091A-U+1091B) == Unicode 6.0 == Unicode 6.0 was released on October 11th, 2010. It encoded 109,384 characters, adding 2,088 new characters. === New blocks === * '''Mandaic''' (U+0840-U+085F), containing 29 letters for Mandaic script, was added. * '''Batak''' (U+1BC0-U+1BFF), containing 56 letters for Batak script, was added. * '''Ethiopic Extended-A''' (U+AB00-U+AB2F), containing 32 letters for Gamo-Gofa-Dawro, Basketo and Gumuz Ethiopic syllables, was added. * '''Brahmi''' (U+11000-U+1107F), containing 108 characters for ancient Brahmi abugida, was added. * '''Bamum Supplement''' (U+16800-U+16A3F), containing 761 letters for additional Bamum script, was added. * '''Kana Supplement''' (U+1B000-U+1B0FF), containing 2 characters for archaic katakana, was added. * '''Playing Cards''' (U+1F0A0-U+1F0FF), containing 59 playing cards, was added. * '''Miscellaneous Symbols and Pictographs''' (U+1F300-U+1F5FF), containing 529 additional symbols, was added. * '''Emoticons''' (U+1F600-U+1F64F), containing 63 faces, cat faces and gesture symbols, was added. * '''Transport and Map Symbols''' (U+1F680-U+1F6FF), containing 70 transportation, traffic signs and other symbols, was added. * '''Alchemical Symbols''' (U+1F700-U+1F77F), containing 116 symbols for elements, was added. * '''CJK Unified Ideographs Extension D''' (U+2B740-U+2B81F), containing 222 miscellaneous Han ideographs, was added. === Extended blocks === * Azerbaijani letters (total 2 characters) were added to '''Cyrillic Supplement'''. (U+0526-U+0527) * Kashmiri Yeh and Wavy hamza below (total 2 characters) were added to '''Arabic'''. (U+0620 and U+065F) * Dependent vowel signs and letters used in Kashmiri and Bihari (total 10 characters) were added to '''Devanagari'''. (U+093A-U+093B, U+094F, U+0956-U+0957 and U+0973-U+0977) * Fraction signs (total 6 characters) were added to '''Oriya'''. (U+0B72-U+0B77) * Letters used in scholarly only and letter dot reph (total 3 characters) were added to '''Malayalam'''. (U+0D29, U+0D3A and U+0D4E) * Leading and Trailing Mchan Rtags (total 6 characters) were added to '''Tibetan'''. (U+0F8C-U+0F8F, U+0FD9-U+0FDA) * Additional combining marks (total 2 characters) were added to '''Ethiopic'''. (U+135D-U+135E) * Combining Double Inverted Breve Below (᷼) (total 1 character) was added to '''Combining Diacritical Marks Supplement'''. (U+1DFC) * Miscellaneous subscript letters (total 8 characters) were added to '''Superscripts and Subscripts'''. (U+2095-U+209C) * Indian Rupee Sign (₹) (total 1 character) was added to '''Currency Symbols'''. (U+20B9) * Pointing double triangle and additional mechanical symbols (total 11 characters) were added to '''Miscellaneous Technical'''. (U+23E9-U+23F3) * Ophiuchus, astronomical symbol for Uranus and pentagrams (total 6 characters) were added to '''Miscellaneous Symbols'''. (U+26CE, U+26E2 and U+26E4-U+26E7) * Additional heavy punctation marks, raised fist, raised hand, sparkles, heavy arithmetic symbols and curly loops (total 16 characters) were added to '''Dingbats'''. (U+2705, U+270A-U+270B, U+2728, U+274C, U+274E, U+2753-U+2755, U+275F-U+2760, U+2795-U+2797, U+27B0 and U+27BF) * Squared logicals (total 2 characters) were added to '''Miscellaneous Mathematical Symbols-A'''. (U+27CE-U+27CF) * Separator mark and consonant joiner (total 2 characters) were added to '''Tifinagh'''. (U+2D70 and U+2D7F) * Bopomofo for Hmu and Ge (total 3 characters) were added to '''Bopomofo Extended'''. (U+31B8-U+31BA) * Reversed Tse (total 2 characters) were added to '''Cyrillic Extended-B'''. (U+A660-U+A661) * Additional letters (total 15 characters) were added to '''Latin Extended-D'''. (U+A78D-U+A78E, U+A790-U+A791, U+A7A0-U+A7A9 and U+A7FA) * Pedagogical symbols (total 16 characters) were added to '''Arabic Presentation Forms-A'''. (U+FBB2-U+FBC1) * Additional squared, black circled and squared letters and regional indicator letters (total 107 characters) were added to '''Enclosed Alphanumeric Supplement'''. (U+1F130, U+1F132-U+1F13C, U+1F13E, U+1F140-U+1F141, U+1F143-U+1F145, U+1F147-U+1F149, U+1F14F, U+1F150-U+1F156, U+1F158-U+1F15E, U+1F160-U+1F169, U+1F170-U+1F178, U+1F17A, U+1F17D-U+1F17E, U+1F180-U+1F189, U+1F18E-U+1F18F, U+1F191-U+1F19A and U+1F1E6-U+1F1FF) * Squared katakana, squared ideographs and circled advantage and accept (total 13 characters) were added to '''Enclosed Ideographic Supplement'''. (U+1F201-U+1F202, U+1F232-U+1F23A and U+1F250-U+1F251) == Unicode 6.1 == Unicode 6.1 was released on January 31st, 2012. It encoded 110,116 characters, adding 732 new characters. === New blocks === * '''Arabic Extended-A''' (U+08A0-U+08FF), containing 39 characters, was added. * '''Sundanese Supplement''' (U+1CC0-U+1CCF), containing 8 characters, was added. * '''Meetei Mayek Extensions''' (U+AAE0-U+AAFF), containing 23 characters, was added. * '''Meroitic Hieroglyphs''' (U+10980-U+1099F), containing 32 characters, was added. * '''Meroitic Cursive''' (U+109A0-U+109FF), containing 26 characters, was added. * '''Sora Sompeng''' (U+110D0-U+110FF), containing 35 characters, was added. * '''Chakma''' (U+11100-U+1114F), containing 67 characters, was added. * '''Sharada''' (U+11180-U+111DF), containing 83 characters, was added. * '''Takri''' (U+11680-U+116CF), containing 66 characters, was added. * '''Miao''' (U+16F00-U+16F9F), containing 133 characters, was added. * '''Arabic Mathematical Alphabetic Symbols''' (U+1EE00-U+1EEFF), containing 143 characters, was added. === Extended blocks === * An Armenian Dram sign (total 1 character) was added to '''Armenian'''. (U+058F) * A sign Samvat (total 1 character) was added to '''Arabic'''. (U+0604) * An Abbreviation mark (total 1 character) was added to '''Gujarati'''. (U+0AF0) * Letters for Khmu (total 2 characters) were added to '''Lao'''. (U+0EDE-U+0EDF) * Capital letter Yn, letter Aen, Hard and Labial sign (total 5 characters) were added to '''Georgian'''. (U+10C7, U+10CD and U+10FD-U+10FF) * Letters and signs for Old Sundanese (total 9 characters) were added to '''Sundanese'''. (U+1BAB-U+1BAD and U+1BBA-U+1BBF) * Sign Rotated Ardhavisarga, Candra Above, Jihvamuliya and Uphadhmaniya (total 4 characters) were added to '''Vedic Extensions'''. (U+1CF3-U+1CF6) * Mathematical diagonals (total 2 characters) were added to '''Miscellaneous Mathematical Symbols-A'''. (U+27CB and U+27CD) * A letter Bohairic Khei (total 2 characters) were added to '''Coptic'''. (U+2CF2-U+2CF3) * Small letters Yn and Aen (total 2 characters) were added to '''Georgian Supplement'''. (U+2D27 and U+2D2D) * Letters Ye and Yo (total 2 characters) were added to '''Tifinagh'''. (U+2D66-U+2D67) * (total 10 characters) were added to '''Supplemental Punctuation'''. (U+2E32-U+2E3B) * An additional ideograph for Kanji (total 1 character) was added to '''CJK Unified Ideographs'''. (U+9FCC) * Combining letter for Slavonic (total 9 characters) were added to '''Cyrillic Extended-B'''. (U+A674-U+A67B and U+A69F) * Letter C with Bar, capital letter H with Hook and modifier letters for extended IPA (total 5 characters) were added to '''Latin Extended-D'''. (U+A792-U+A793, U+A7AA and U+A7F8-U+A7F9) * Some additional ideographs for Korea (total 2 characters) were added to '''CJK Compatibility Ideographs'''. (U+FA2E-U+FA2F) * Symbols for Canadian legal use (total 2 characters) were added to '''Enclosed Alphanumeric Supplement'''. (U+1F16A-U+1F16B) * Typikon symbols (total 4 characters) were added to '''Miscellaneous Symbols and Pictographs'''. (U+1F540-U+1F543) * (total 13 characters) were added to '''Emoticons'''. (U+1F600, U+1F611, U+1F615, U+1F617, U+1F619, U+1F61B, U+1F61F, U+1F626-U+1F627, U+1F62C, U+1F62E-U+1F62F and U+1F634) == Unicode 6.2 == Unicode 6.2 was released on September 26th, 2012. It encoded 110,117 characters, adding only 1 new character. === Extended blocks === * A Turkish Lira sign (total 1 character) was added to '''Currency Symbols'''. (U+20BA) == Unicode 6.3 == Unicode 6.3 was released in September 30, 2013. It encoded 110,122 characters, adding only 5 new characters. === Extended blocks === * A Letter mark (total 1 character) was added to '''Arabic'''. (U+061C) * Isolate directional format characters (total 4 characters) were added to '''General Punctuation'''. (U+2066-U+2069) == Unicode 7.0 == Unicode 7.0 was released on June 16th, 2014. It encoded 112,956 characters, adding 2,834 new characters. === New blocks === * '''Combining Diacritical Marks Extended''' (U+1AB0-U+1AFF), containing 15 marks, was added. * '''Myanmar Extended-B''' (U+A9E0-U+A9FF), containing 31 letters, was added. * '''Latin Extended-E''' (U+AB30-U+AB6F), containing 50 letters, was added. * '''Coptic Epact Numbers''' (U+102E0-U+102FF), containing 28 numbers, was added. * '''Old Permic''' (U+10350-U+1037F), containing 43 letters, was added. * '''Elbasan''' (U+10500-U+1052F), containing 50 letters, was added. * '''Caucasian Albanian''' (U+10530-U+1056F), containing 53 letters and marks, was added. * '''Linear A''' (U+10600-U+1077F), containing 341 signs, was added. * '''Palmyrene''' (U+10860-U+1087F), containing 32 letters, was added. * '''Nabataean''' (U+10880-U+108AF), containing 40 letters and numbers, was added. * '''Old North Arabian''' (U+10A80-U+10A9F), containing 32 letters and numbers, was added. * '''Manichaean''' (U+10AC0-U+10AFF), containing 51 characters, was added. * '''Psalter Pahlavi''' (U+10B80-U+10BAF), containing 29 characters, was added. * '''Mahajani''' (U+11150-U+1117F), containing 39 letters and signs, was added. * '''Sinhala Archaic Numbers''' (U+111E0-U+111FF), containing 20 numbers, was added. * '''Khojki''' (U+11200-U+1124F), containing 61 characters, was added. * '''Khudawadi''' (U+112B0-U+112FF), containing 69 characters, was added. * '''Grantha''' (U+11300-U+1137F), containing 83 characters, was added. * '''Tirhuta''' (U+11480-U+114DF), containing 82 characters, was added. * '''Siddham''' (U+11580-U+115FF), containing 72 characters, was added. * '''Modi''' (U+11600-U+1165F), containing 79 characters, was added. * '''Warang Citi''' (U+118A0-U+118FF), containing 84 letters and numbers, was added. * '''Pau Cin Hau''' (U+11AC0-U+11AFF), containing 57 characters, was added. * '''Mro''' (U+16A40-U+16A6F), containing 43 characters, was added. * '''Bassa Vah''' (U+16AD0-U+16AFF), containing 36 characters, was added. * '''Pahawh Hmong''' (U+16B00-U+16B8F), containing 127 letters and signs, was added. * '''Duployan''' (U+1BC00-U+1BC9F), containing 143 characters, was added. * '''Shorthand Format Controls''' (U+1BCA0-U+1BCAF), containing 4 format characters, was added. * '''Mende Kikakui''' (U+1E800-U+1E8DF), containing 213 syllables and numbers, was added. * '''Ornamental Dingbats''' (U+1F650-U+1F67F), containing 48 pictographic characters, was added. * '''Geometric Shapes Extended''' (U+1F780-U+1F7FF), containing 85 pictographic characters, was added. * '''Supplemental Arrows-C''' (U+1F800-U+1F8FF), containing 148 pictographic characters, was added. === Extended blocks === * A capital letter Yot (total 1 character) was added to '''Greek and Coptic'''. (U+037F) * Letters for Orok, Komi and Khanty (total 8 characters) were added to '''Cyrillic Supplement'''. (U+0528-U+052F) * An Eternity sign (total 2 characters) were added to '''Armenian'''. (U+058D-U+058E) * A Number Mark Above (total 1 character) was added to '''Arabic'''. (U+0605) * Letters for African, Philippine, Turkic, Berber, Belarusian, Palula and Shina languages (total 8 characters) were added to '''Arabic Extended-A'''. (U+08A1, U+08AD-U+08B2 and U+08FF) * A letter for Marwari (total 1 character) was added to '''Devanagari'''. (U+0978) * A sign Anji (total 1 character) was added to '''Bengali'''. (U+0980) * Sign Candrabindu and letter Llla (total 2 characters) were added to '''Telugu'''. (U+0C00 and U+0C34) * A Sign Candrabindu (total 1 character) was added to '''Kannada'''. (U+0C81) * A Sign Candrabindu (total 1 character) was added to '''Malayalam'''. (U+0D01) * Lith Numerals (total 10 characters) were added to '''Sinhala'''. (U+0DE6-U+0DEF) * Additional Old English runes (total 8 characters) were added to '''Runic'''. (U+16F1-U+16F8) * Letters Gyan and Tra (total 2 characters) were added to '''Limbu'''. (U+191D-U+191E) * Signs for Jaiminiya Sama Veda (total 2 characters) were added to '''Vedic Extensions'''. (U+1CF8-U+1CF9) * Marks for Germanic and American lexicology (total 15 characters) were added to '''Combining Diacritical Marks Supplement'''. (U+1DE7-U+1DF5) * Nordic Mark, Manat and Ruble sign (total 3 characters) were added to '''Currency Symbols'''. (U+20BB-U+20BD) * Playback symbols from Webdings font (total 7 characters) were added to '''Miscellaneous Technical'''. (U+23F4-U+23FA) * A Scissors symbol from Wingdings 2 font (total 1 character) was added to '''Dingbats'''. (U+2700) * Arrows for Lithuanian dialectology and symbols from Wingdings 3 font (total 115 characters) were added to '''Miscellaneous Symbols and Arrows'''. (U+2B4D-U+2B4F, U+2B5A-U+2B5F, U+2B60-U+2B73, U+2B76-U+2B95, U+2B98-U+2BB9, U+2BBD-U+2BC8 and U+2BCA-U+2BD1) * (total 7 characters) were added to '''Supplemental Punctuation'''. (U+2E3C-U+2E42) * Early Cyrillic letters and letters for Lithuanian dialectology (total 6 characters) were added to '''Cyrillic Extended-B'''. (U+A698-U+A69D) * Letters for European, American and African orthography (total 18 characters) were added to '''Latin Extended-D'''. (U+A794-U+A79F, U+A7AB-U+A7AD, U+A7B0-U+A7B1 and U+A7F7) * Tone marks for Tai Laing and letters for Shwe Palaung (total 4 characters) were added to '''Myanmar Extended-A'''. (U+AA7C-U+AA7F) * Combining phonetic marks (total 7 characters) were added to '''Combining Half Marks'''. (U+FE27-U+FE2D) * Additional mathematical symbols (total 2 characters) were added to '''Ancient Greek Numbers'''. (U+1018B-U+1018C) * A Greek Tau Rho symbol (total 1 character) was added to '''Ancient Symbols'''. (U+101A0) * A letter Ess (total 1 character) was added to '''Old Italic'''. (U+1031F) * A Number Joiner (total 1 character) was added to '''Brahmi'''. (U+1107F) * Sutra mark and sign Ekam (total 2 characters) were added to '''Sharada'''. (U+111CD and U+111DA) * Additional cuneiform signs (total 42 characters) were added to '''Cuneiform'''. (U+1236F-U+12398) * Additional numbers, vulgar fractions and a punctuation mark (total 13 characters) were added to '''Cuneiform Numbers and Punctuation'''. (U+12463-U+1246E and U+12474) * Red Joker, Fool and trumps (total 23 characters) were added to '''Playing Cards'''. (U+1F0BF and U+1F0E0-U+1F0F5) * Dingbat normal and negative sans-serif digit zero (total 2 characters) were added to '''Enclosed Alphanumeric Supplement'''. (U+1F10B-U+1F10C) * Symbols from Webdings, Wingdings 1 and 2 font (total 209 characters) were added to '''Miscellaneous Symbols and Pictographs'''. (U+1F321-U+1F32C, U+1F336, U+1F37D, U+1F394-U+1F39F, U+1F3C5, U+1F3CB-U+1F3CE, U+1F3D4-U+1F3DF, U+1F3F1-U+1F3F7, U+1F43F, U+1F441, U+1F4F8, U+1F4FD-U+1F4FE, U+1F53E-U+1F53F, U+1F544-U+1F54A, U+1F568-U+1F579, U+1F57B-U+1F5A3 and U+1F5A5-U+1F5FA) * Slightly frowning and smiling faces emoji (total 2 characters) were added to '''Emoticons'''. (U+1F641-U+1F642) * Symbols from Webdings and Wingdings 2 font (total 27 characters) were added to '''Transport and Map Symbols'''. (U+1F6C6-U+1F6CF, U+1F6E0-U+1F6EC and U+1F6F0-U+1F6F3) == Unicode 8.0 == Unicode 8.0 was released on June 17th, 2015. It encoded 120,672 characters, adding 7,716 new characters. === New blocks === * '''Cherokee Supplement''' (U+AB70-U+ABBF), containing 80 lowercase letters, was added. * '''Hatran''' (U+108E0-U+108FF), containing 26 letters, was added. * '''Old Hungarian''' (U+10C80-U+10CFF), containing 108 letters, was added. * '''Multani''' (U+11280-U+112AF), containing 38 letters, was added. * '''Ahom''' (U+11700-U+1173F), containing 57 letters, was added. * '''Early Dynastic Cuneiform''' (U+12480-U+1254F), containing 196 characters, was added. * '''Anatolian Hieroglyphs''' (U+14400-U+1467F), containing 583 characters, was added. * '''Sutton SignWriting''' (U+1D800-U+1DAAF), containing 672 signs, was added. * '''Supplemental Symbols and Pictographs''' (U+1F900-U+1F9FF), containing 15 pictographic characters, was added. * '''CJK Unified Ideographs Extension E''' (U+2B820-U+2CEAF), containing 5762 characters, was added. === Extended blocks === * Letters for Arwi (total 3 characters) were added to '''Arabic Extended-A'''. (U+08B3-U+08B4 and U+08E3) * A letter for Avestan transliteration (total 1 character) was added to '''Gujarati'''. (U+0AF9) * A letter for Andhra Pradesh (total 1 character) was added to '''Telugu'''. (U+0C5A) * An archaic letter II (total 1 character) was added to '''Malayalam'''. (U+0D5F) * A letter Mv and small letters (total 7 characters) were added to '''Cherokee'''. (U+13F5 and U+13F8-U+13FD) * A Georgian Lari sign (total 1 character) was added to '''Currency Symbols'''. (U+20BE) * Turned digits (total 2 characters) were added to '''Number Forms'''. (U+218A-U+218B) * Two headed arrows with triangle arrowheads (total 4 characters) were added to '''Miscellaneous Symbols and Arrows'''. (U+2BEC-U+2BEF) * Some additional ideographs (total 9 characters) were added to '''CJK Unified Ideographs'''. (U+9FCD-U+9FD5) * A combining letter Ef (total 1 character) was added to '''Cyrillic Extended-B'''. (U+A69E) * Sinological dot, phonetic extension for African languages, letters for American and Gabonese orthography (total 7 characters) were added to '''Latin Extended-D'''. (U+A78F and U+A7B2-U+A7B7) * Sign Siddham and letter Jain Om (total 2 characters) were added to '''Devanagari Extended'''. (U+A8FC-U+A8FD) * Letters for Yakut transliteration (total 4 characters) were added to '''Latin Extended-E'''. (U+AB60-U+AB63) * A combining mark for Church Slavonic (total 2 characters) were added to '''Combining Half Marks'''. (U+FE2E-U+FE2F) * Numerals and vulgar fractions (total 64 characters) were added to '''Meroitic Cursive'''. (U+109BC-U+109BD, U+109C0-U+109CF and U+109D2-U+109FF) * Sandhi mark, diacritical marks for Kashmiri, sign Siddham and punctuation marks (total 9 characters) were added to '''Sharada'''. (U+111C9-U+111CC and U+111DB-U+111DF) * Combining Anusvara Above and letter Om (total 2 characters) were added to '''Grantha'''. (U+11300 and U+11350) * Section marks and alternate letters (total 20 characters) were added to '''Siddham'''. (U+115CA-U+115DD) * An additional sign (total 1 character) was added to '''Cuneiform'''. (U+12399) * East-Slavic musical symbols (total 11 characters) were added to '''Musical Symbols'''. (U+1D1DE-U+1D1E8) * (total 24 characters) were added to '''Miscellaneous Symbols and Pictographs'''. (U+1F32D-U+1F32F, U+1F37E-U+1F37F, U+1F3CF-U+1F3D3, U+1F3F8-U+1F3FF, U+1F4FF and U+1F54B-U+1F54F) * Upside Down Face and Face With Rolling Eyes emoji (total 2 characters) were added to '''Emoticons'''. (U+1F643-U+1F644) * A Place of Worship emoji (total 1 character) was added to '''Transport and Map Symbols'''. (U+1F6D0) == Unicode 9.0 == Unicode 9.0, was released on June 21st, 2016. It encoded 128,172 characters, adding 7,500 new characters. === New blocks === * '''Cyrillic Extended-C''' (U+1C80-U+1C8F), containing 9 letters, was added. * '''Osage''' (U+104B0-U+104FF), containing 72 letters, was added. * '''Newa''' (U+11400-U+1147F), containing 92 letters, was added. * '''Mongolian Supplement''' (U+11660-U+1167F), containing 13 letters, was added. * '''Bhaiksuki''' (U+11C00-U+11C6F), containing 97 letters, was added. * '''Marchen''' (U+11C70-U+11CBF), containing 68 letters, was added. * '''Ideographic Symbols and Punctuation''' (U+16FE0-U+16FFF), containing 1 letter, was added. * '''Tangut''' (U+17000-U+187FF), containing 6125 letters, was added. * '''Tangut Components''' (U+18800-U+18AFF), containing 755 letters, was added. * '''Glagolitic Supplement''' (U+1E000-U+1E02F), containing 38 letters, was added. * '''Adlam''' (U+1E900-U+1E95F), containing 87 letters, was added. === Extended blocks === * Letters for Bravanese, Warsh and Quranic marks used in Pakistan (total 23 characters) were added to '''Arabic Extended-A'''. (U+08B6-U+08BD and U+08D4-U+08E2) * A sign Spacing Candrabindu (total 1 character) were added to '''Kannada'''. (U+0C80) * Sign Para, Chillu letters and vulgar fractions (total 14 characters) were added to '''Malayalam'''. (U+0D4F, U+0D54-U+0D56, U+0D58-U+0D5E and U+0D76-U+0D78) * A diacritical mark for Newa (total 1 character) was added to '''Combining Diacritical Marks Supplement'''. (U+1DFB) * Power symbols (total 4 characters) were added to '''Miscellaneous Technical'''. (U+23FB-U+23FE) * Punctuation marks for Church Slavonic (total 2 characters) were added to '''Supplemental Punctuation'''. (U+2E43-U+2E44) * A letter for Unifon (total 1 character) was added to '''Latin Extended-D'''. (U+A7AE) * A sign Candrabindu (total 1 character) was added to '''Saurashtra'''. (U+A8C5) * Indiction sign and a currency symbol (total 2 characters) were added to '''Ancient Greek Numbers'''. (U+1018D-U+1018E) * A sign Sukun (total 1 character) was added to '''Khojki'''. (U+1123E) * Japanese TV symbols (total 18 characters) were added to '''Enclosed Alphanumeric Supplement'''. (U+1F19B-U+1F1AC) * A Japanese TV symbol (total 1 character) was added to '''Enclosed Ideographic Supplement'''. (U+1F23B) * A dancing man and Black Heart emoji (total 2 characters) were added to '''Miscellaneous Symbols and Pictographs'''. (U+1F57A and U+1F5A4) * Octagonal Sign, Shopping Trolley, scooters and a Canoe emoji (total 5 characters) were added to '''Transport and Map Symbols'''. (U+1F6D1-U+1F6D2 and U+1F6F4-U+1F6F6) * (total 67 characters) were added to '''Supplemental Symbols and Pictographs'''. (U+1F919-U+1F91E, U+1F920-U+1F927, U+1F930, U+1F933-U+1F93E, U+1F940-U+1F94B, U+1F950-U+1F95E and U+1F985-U+1F991) ===Variation Sequences=== Here is a table with new standardized variation sequences: {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" |- !Character Sequence !Context !Description of Variation Appearance |- |0030 FE00 | |short diagonal stroke form # DIGIT ZERO |- |1000 FE00 | |dotted form # MYANMAR LETTER KA |- |1002 FE00 | |dotted form # MYANMAR LETTER GA |- |1004 FE00 | |dotted form # MYANMAR LETTER NGA |- |1010 FE00 | |dotted form # MYANMAR LETTER TA |- |1011 FE00 | |dotted form # MYANMAR LETTER THA |- |1015 FE00 | |dotted form # MYANMAR LETTER PA |- |1019 FE00 | |dotted form # MYANMAR LETTER MA |- |101A FE00 | |dotted form # MYANMAR LETTER YA |- |101C FE00 | |dotted form # MYANMAR LETTER LA |- |101D FE00 | |dotted form # MYANMAR LETTER WA |- |1022 FE00 | |dotted form # MYANMAR LETTER SHAN A |- |1031 FE00 | |dotted form # MYANMAR VOWEL SIGN E |- |1075 FE00 | |dotted form # MYANMAR LETTER SHAN KA |- |1078 FE00 | |dotted form # MYANMAR LETTER SHAN CA |- |107A FE00 | |dotted form # MYANMAR LETTER SHAN NYA |- |1080 FE00 | |dotted form # MYANMAR LETTER SHAN THA |- |2205 FE00 | |zero with long diagonal stroke overlay form # EMPTY SET |- |AA60 FE00 | |dotted form # MYANMAR LETTER KHAMTI GA |- |AA61 FE00 | |dotted form # MYANMAR LETTER KHAMTI CA |- |AA62 FE00 | |dotted form # MYANMAR LETTER KHAMTI CHA |- |AA63 FE00 | |dotted form # MYANMAR LETTER KHAMTI JA |- |AA64 FE00 | |dotted form # MYANMAR LETTER KHAMTI JHA |- |AA65 FE00 | |dotted form # MYANMAR LETTER KHAMTI NYA |- |AA66 FE00 | |dotted form # MYANMAR LETTER KHAMTI TTA |- |AA6B FE00 | |dotted form # MYANMAR LETTER KHAMTI NA |- |AA6C FE00 | |dotted form # MYANMAR LETTER KHAMTI SA |- |AA6F FE00 | |dotted form # MYANMAR LETTER KHAMTI FA |- |AA7A FE00 | |dotted form # MYANMAR LETTER AITON RA |- |… | |278 additional emoji variation sequences |} == Unicode 10.0 == Unicode 10.0, was released on June 20th, 2017. It encoded 136,690 characters, adding 8,518 new characters. === New blocks === * '''Syriac Supplement''' (U+0860-U+086F), containing 11 characters, was added. * '''Zanabazar Square''' (U+11A00-U+11A4F), containing 72 characters, was added. * '''Soyombo''' (U+11A50-U+11AAF), containing 80 characters, was added. * '''Masaram Gondi''' (U+11D00-U+11D5F), containing 75 characters, was added. * '''Kana Extended-A''' (U+1B100-U+1B12F), containing 31 characters, was added. * '''Nushu''' (U+1B170-U+1B2FF), containing 396 characters, was added. * '''CJK Unified Ideographs Extension F''' (U+2CEB0-U+2EBEF), containing 7,473 characters, was added. === Extended blocks === * A Vedic Anusvara and Abbreviation mark (total 2 characters) were added to '''Bengali'''. (U+09FC-U+09FD) * Letters for Arabic transliteration (total 6 characters) were added to '''Gujarati'''. (U+0AFA-U+0AFF) * A combining Anusvara Above and Viramas (total 3 characters) were added to '''Malayalam'''. (U+0D00 and U+0D3B-U+0D3C) * A sign Atikrama (total 1 character) was added to '''Vedic Extensions'''. (U+1CF7) * Combining diacritical marks for Church Slavonic (total 4 characters) were added to '''Combining Diacritical Marks Supplement'''. (U+1DF6-U+1DF9) * A Bitcoin sign (total 1 character) was added to '''Currency Symbols'''. (U+20BF) * An Observe Eye symbol (total 1 character) was added to '''Miscellaneous Technical'''. (U+23FF) * A Group mark (total 1 character) was added to '''Miscellaneous Symbols and Arrows'''. (U+2BD2) * Medieval punctuation marks (total 5 characters) were added to '''Supplemental Punctuation'''. (U+2E45-U+2E49) * A letter O with Dot Above (total 1 character) was added to '''Bopomofo'''. (U+312E) * Ideographs for Slavonic transliteration (total 21 characters) were added to '''CJK Unified Ideographs'''. (U+9FD6-U+9FEA) * Letters for North Italic (total 3 characters) were added to '''Old Italic'''. (U+1032D-U+1032F) * An Iteration mark for Nushu (total 1 character) was added to '''Ideographic Symbols and Punctuation'''. (U+16FE1) * Letters for Hentaigana (total 254 characters) were added to '''Kana Supplement'''. (U+1B002-U+1B0FF) * Symbols for Chinese Folk religion (total 6 characters) were added to '''Enclosed Ideographic Supplement'''. (U+1F260-U+1F265) * Stupa, Pagoda, Sled and Flying Saucer emoji (total 4 characters) were added to '''Transport and Map Symbols'''. (U+1F6D3-U+1F6D4 and U+1F6F7-U+1F6F8) * (total 66 characters) were added to '''Supplemental Symbols and Pictographs'''. (U+1F900-U+1F90B, U+1F91F, U+1F928-U+1F92F, U+1F931-U+1F932, U+1F94C, U+1F95F-U+1F96B, U+1F992-U+1F997 and U+1F9D0-U+1F9E6) == Unicode 11.0 == Unicode 11.0, was released on June 5th, 2018. It encoded 137,374 characters, adding 684 new characters. === New blocks === * '''Georgian Extended''' (U+1C90-U+1CBF), containing 46 characters, was added. * '''Hanifi Rohingya''' (U+10D00-U+10D3F), containing 50 characters, was added. * '''Old Sogdian''' (U+10F00-U+10F2F), containing 40 characters, was added. * '''Sogdian''' (U+10F30-U+10F6F), containing 42 characters, was added. * '''Dogra''' (U+11800-U+1184F), containing 60 characters, was added. * '''Gunjala Gondi''' (U+11D60-U+11DAF), containing 63 characters, was added. * '''Makasar''' (U+11EE0-U+11EFF), containing 25 characters, was added. * '''Medefaidrin''' (U+16E40-U+16E9F), containing 91 characters, was added. * '''Mayan Numerals''' (U+1D2E0-U+1D2FF), containing 20 characters, was added. * '''Indic Siyaq Numbers''' (U+1EC70-U+1ECBF), containing 68 characters, was added. * '''Chess Symbols''' (U+1FA00-U+1FA6F), containing 14 characters, was added. === Extended blocks === * Small letters Turned Ayb and Yi with Stroke (total 2 characters) were added to '''Armenian'''. (U+0560 and U+0588) * A triangle Yod (total 1 character) were added to '''Hebrew'''. (U+05EF) * A Dantayalan and currency symbols (total 3 characters) were added to '''N'Ko'''. (U+07FD-U+07FF) * A Small Low Waw (total 1 character) was added to '''Arabic Extended-A'''. (U+08D3) * A Sandhi mark (total 1 character) was added to '''Bengali'''. (U+09FE) * An Abbreviation mark (total 1 character) was added to '''Gurmukhi'''. (U+0A76) * A combining Anusvara Above (total 1 character) was added to '''Telugu'''. (U+0C04) * A sign Siddham (total 1 character) was added to '''Kannada'''. (U+0C84) * A letter for Buryat (total 1 character) was added to '''Mongolian'''. (U+1878) * Symbols for chess notation, astrological and half star symbols (total 43 characters) were added to '''Miscellaneous Symbols and Arrows'''. (U+2BBA-U+2BBC, U+2BD3-U+2BEB and 2BF0-U+2BFE) * Medieval punctuation marks (total 5 characters) were added to '''Supplemental Punctuation'''. (U+2E4A-U+2E4E) * A letter NN (total 1 character) was added to '''Bopomofo'''. (U+312F) * Some ideographs for Kanji (total 5 characters) were added to '''CJK Unified Ideographs'''. (U+9FEB-U+9FEF) * A small capital Q and a letter for Mazahua (total 3 characters) were added to '''Latin Extended-D'''. (U+A7AF and U+A7B8-U+A7B9) * Letter and vowel sign Ay (total 2 characters) were added to '''Devanagari Extended'''. (U+A8FE-U+A8FF) * Letters Ttta, Vha and a vulgar fraction (total 3 characters) were added to '''Kharoshthi'''. (U+10A34-U+10A35 and U+10A48) * A Number Sign Above (total 1 character) was added to '''Kaithi'''. (U+110CD) * Letter Lhaa, vowel sign Aa and Ei (total 3 characters) were added to '''Chakma'''. (U+11144-U+11146) * A combining Bindu Below (total 1 character) was added to '''Grantha'''. (U+1133B) * A Sandhi mark (total 1 character) was added to '''Newa'''. (U+1145E) * An alternate letter Ba (total 1 character) was added to '''Ahom'''. (U+1171A) * A mark Pluta (total 1 character) was added to '''Soyombo'''. (U+11A9D) * Additional ideographs (total 5 characters) were added to '''Tangut'''. (U+187ED-U+187F1) * Tally marks (total 7 characters) were added to '''Counting Rod Numerals'''. (U+1D372-U+1D378) * A Copyleft symbol (total 1 character) was added to '''Enclosed Alphanumeric Supplement'''. (U+1F12F) * A Skateboard emoji (total 1 character) was added to '''Transport and Map Symbols'''. (U+1F6F9) * Normal and negative circled shapes (total 4 characters) were added to '''Geometric Shapes Extended'''. (U+1F7D5-U+1F7D8) * (total 65 characters) were added to '''Supplemental Symbols and Pictographs'''. (U+1F94D-U+1F94F, U+1F96C-U+1F970, U+1F973-U+1F976, U+1F97A, U+1F97C-U+1F97F, U+1F998-U+1F99F, U+1F9A0-U+1F9A2, U+1F9B0-U+1F9B9, U+1F9C1-U+1F9C2 and U+1F9E7-U+1F9FF) ===Variation Sequences=== Here is a table with new standardized variation sequences: {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" |- !Character Sequence !Context !Description of Variation Appearance |- |FF10 FE00 | |short diagonal stroke form # FULLWIDTH DIGIT ZERO |} == Unicode 12.0 == Unicode 12.0 was released on March 5th, 2019. It encoded 137,928 characters, adding 554 new characters. === New blocks === * '''Elymaic''' (U+10FE0-U+10FFF), containing 23 characters, was added. * '''Nandinagari''' (U+119A0-U+119FF), containing 65 characters, was added. * '''Tamil Supplement''' (U+11FC0-U+11FFF), containing 51 characters, was added. * '''Egyptian Hieroglyph Format Controls''' (U+13430-U+1343F), containing 9 characters, was added. * '''Small Kana Extension''' (U+1B130-U+1B16F), containing 7 characters, was added. * '''Nyiakeng Puachue Hmong''' (U+1E100-U+1E14F), containing 71 characters, was added. * '''Wancho''' (U+1E2C0-U+1E2FF), containing 59 characters, was added. * '''Ottoman Siyaq Numbers''' (U+1ED00-U+1ED4F), containing 61 characters, was added. * '''Symbols and Pictographs Extended-A''' (U+1FA70-U+1FAFF), containing 16 characters, was added. === Extended blocks === * A sign Siddham (total 1 character) was added to '''Telugu'''. (U+0C77) * Letters for Pail and Sanskrit (total 15 characters) were added to '''Lao'''. (U+0E86, U+0E89, U+0E8C, U+0E8E-U+0E93, U+0E98, U+0EA0, U+0EA8-U+0EA9, U+0EAC and U+0EBA) * A sign Double Anusvara Antargomukha (total 1 character) was added to '''Vedic Extensions'''. (U+1CFA) * An astrological symbol and Hellschreiber Pause symbol (total 2 characters) were added to '''Miscellaneous Symbols and Arrows'''. (U+2BC9 and U+2BFF) * A Cornish Verse Divider (total 1 character) was added to '''Supplemental Punctuation'''. (U+2E4F) * Egyptological letters, Anglicana W and letters for early Pinyin (total 11 characters) were added to '''Latin Extended-D'''. (U+A7BA-U+A7BF and U+A7C2-U+A7C6) *Sinological phonetic letters (total 2 characters) were added to '''Latin Extended-E'''. (U+AB66-U+AB67) * A Vedic Anusvara (total 1 character) was added to '''Newa'''. (U+1145F) * An archaic letter Kha (total 1 character) was added to '''Takri'''. (U+116B8) * Sign Jihvamuliya and Uphadhmaniya (total 2 characters) were added to '''Soyombo'''. (U+11A84-U+11A85) * Letters for various Yi and Miao languages (total 16 characters) were added to '''Miao'''. (U+16F45-U+16F4A, U+16F4F and U+16F7F-U+16F87) * Marks for Ancient Chinese texts (total 2 characters) were added to '''Ideographic Symbols and Punctuation'''. (U+16FE2-U+16FE3) * Some additional ideographs (total 6 characters) were added to '''Tangut'''. (U+187F2-U+187F7) * A Nasalization mark (total 1 character) was added to '''Adlam'''. (U+1E94B) * A Spanish and Portuguese register mark (total 1 character) was added to '''Enclosed Alphanumeric Supplement'''. (U+1F16C) * Hindu Temple and Auto Rickshaw emoji (total 2 characters) were added to '''Transport and Map Symbols'''. (U+1F6D5 and U+1F6FA) * Large colored circles and boxes (total 12 characters) were added to '''Geometric Shapes Extended'''. (U+1F7E0-U+1F7EB) * (total 31 characters) were added to '''Supplemental Symbols and Pictographs'''. (U+1F90D-U+1F90F, U+1F93F, U+1F971, U+1F97B, U+1F9A5-U+1F9AA, U+1F9AE-U+1F9AF, U+1F9BA-U+1F9BF, U+1F9C3-U+1F9CA and U+1F9CD-U+1F9CF) * Heterodox chess symbols (total 84 characters) were added to '''Chess Symbols'''. (U+1FA00-U+1FA53) === Glyph Changes === Here is a table with glyph changes: {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" !Block Name !Code Points !Count |- |Spacing Modifier Letters |02EA, 02EB |2 |- |Vedic Extensions |1CF2..1CF3 |2 |- |Currency Symbols |20A9 |1 |- |CJK Symbols and Punctuation |3001, 3002 |2 |- |Bopomofo |3105..312F |43 |- |Bopomofo Extended |31A0..31BA |27 |- |CJK Unified Ideographs Extension A |37C3, 3B9D, 3CFD, 3FE0, 44EC, 4A76 |6 |- |CJK Unified Ideographs |5344, 55B9, 6ABC, 6FF9, 809E, 80BC, 80E9, 8132, 8159, 841C, 891D, 8C6C, 915E, 9FD4 |14 |- |Phags-pa |A840..A877 |56 |- |Halfwidth and Fullwidth Forms |FF01, FF0C, FF0E, FF1A, FF1B, FF1F |6 |- |CJK Unified Ideographs Extension B |200DD, 20164, 20BBF, 20C02, 20CED, 21D4C, 2278B, 23AB8, 2459B, 24A7D, 24FB9, 25ED7, 2677C, 26B4C, 26C21, 26CBE, 26E3D, 28834, 289A1, 289C0, 28A0F, 28B46 |22 |- |CJK Unified Ideographs Extension C |2A8FB, 2A917, 2AA30 |3 |- |CJK Unified Ideographs Extension E |2BA52, 2BD77, 2C494, 2C72F, 2C734, 2CB38 |6 |- |CJK Unified Ideographs Extension F |2D23B, 2E83A |2 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !192 |} ===Variation Sequences=== Here is a table with new standardized variation sequences: {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" |- !Character Sequence !Context !Description of Variation Appearance |- |3001 FE00 | |corner-justified form # IDEOGRAPHIC COMMA |- |3001 FE01 | |centered form # IDEOGRAPHIC COMMA |- |3002 FE00 | |corner-justified form # IDEOGRAPHIC FULL STOP |- |3002 FE01 | |centered form # IDEOGRAPHIC FULL STOP |- |FF01 FE00 | |corner-justified form # FULLWIDTH EXCLAMATION MARK |- |FF01 FE01 | |centered form # FULLWIDTH EXCLAMATION MARK |- |FF0C FE00 | |corner-justified form # FULLWIDTH COMMA |- |FF0C FE01 | |centered form # FULLWIDTH COMMA |- |FF0E FE00 | |corner-justified form # FULLWIDTH FULL STOP |- |FF0E FE01 | |centered form # FULLWIDTH FULL STOP |- |FF1A FE00 | |corner-justified form # FULLWIDTH COLON |- |FF1A FE01 | |centered form # FULLWIDTH COLON |- |FF1B FE00 | |corner-justified form # FULLWIDTH SEMICOLON |- |FF1B FE01 | |centered form # FULLWIDTH SEMICOLON |- |FF1F FE00 | |corner-justified form # FULLWIDTH QUESTION MARK |- |FF1F FE01 | |centered form # FULLWIDTH QUESTION MARK |} == Unicode 12.1 == Unicode 12.1 was released on May 7th, 2019. It encoded 137,929 characters, adding only 1 new character. === Extended blocks === * A square era name Reiwa (total 1 character) was added to '''Enclosed CJK Letters and Months'''. (U+32FF) == Unicode 13.0 == Unicode 13.0 was released on March 10th, 2020. It encoded 143,859 characters, adding 5,930 new characters. === New blocks === * '''Yezidi''' (U+10E80-U+10EBF), containing 47 characters, was added. * '''Chorasmian''' (U+10FB0-U+10FDF), containing 28 characters, was added. * '''Dives Akuru''' (U+11900-U+1195F), containing 72 characters, was added. * '''Lisu Supplement''' (U+11FB0-U+11FBF), containing 1 character, was added. * '''Khitan Small Script''' (U+18B00-U+18CFF), containing 470 characters, was added. * '''Tangut Supplement''' (U+18D00-U+18D08), containing 9 characters, was added. * '''Symbols for Legacy Computing''' (U+1FB00-U+1FBFF), containing 212 characters, was added. * '''CJK Unified Ideographs Extension G''' (U+30000-U+3134F), containing 4939 characters, was added. === Extended blocks === * Letters for African languages and Punjabi (total 10 characters) were added to '''Arabic Extended-A'''. (U+08BE-U+08C7) * A sign Overline (total 1 character) was added to '''Oriya'''. (U+0B55) * A Vedic Anusvara (total 1 character) was added to '''Malayalam'''. (U+0D04) * A sign Candrabindu (total 1 character) was added to '''Sinhala'''. (U+0D81) * Combining diacritical marks for Scottish phonology (total 2 characters) were added to '''Combining Diacritical Marks Extended'''. (U+1ABF-U+1AC0) * A Japanese symbol for Type A Electronics (total 1 character) was added to '''Miscellaneous Symbols and Arrows'''. (U+2B97) * Cross patties and a Tironian sign Capita Et (total 3 characters) were added to '''Supplemental Punctuation'''. (U+2E50-U+2E52) * Letters for Taiwan and Cantonese language (total 5 characters) were added to '''Bopomofo Extended'''. (U+31BB-U+31BF) * Some disunified ideographs (total 10 characters) were added to '''CJK Unified Ideographs Extension A'''. (U+4DB6-4DBF) * Some ideographs for China (total 13 characters) were added to '''CJK Unified Ideographs'''. (U+9FF0-U+9FFC) * Letters for Gaulish (total 6 characters) were added to '''Latin Extended-D'''. (U+A7C7-U+A7CA and U+A7F5-U+A7F6) * An alternate sign Nasanta (total 1 character) was added to '''Syloti Nagri'''. (U+A82C) * Letter R With Midle Tilde and modifier letters for Scottish phonology (total 4 characters) were added to '''Latin Extended-E'''. (U+AB68-U+AB6B) * A symbol Ascia (total 1 character) was added to '''Ancient Symbols'''. (U+1019C) * A letter for Pali (total 1 character) was added to '''Chakma'''. (U+11147) * A vowel sign Prishthamatra E and Inverted Candrabindu (total 2 characters) were added to '''Sharada'''. (U+111CE and U+111CF) * Double comma, sign Jihvamuliya and Uphadhmaniya (total 3 characters) were added to '''Newa'''. (U+1145A and U+11460-U+11461) * Khitan Small Script Filler and reading marks for Vietnamese (total 3 characters) were added to '''Ideographic Symbols and Punctuation'''. (U+16FE4 and U+16FF0-U+16FF1) * Some additional components (total 13 characters) were added to '''Tangut Components'''. (U+18AF3-U+18AFF) * Creative Commons license symbols and Mask Work symbol (total 7 characters) were added to '''Enclosed Alphanumeric Supplement'''. (U+1F10D-U+1F10F, U+1F16D-1F16F and U+1F1AD) * Hut, Elevator, Pickup Truck and Roller Skate emoji (total 4 characters) were added to '''Transportation and Map Symbols'''. (U+1F6D6-U+1F6D7 and U+1F6FB-U+1F6FC) * Arrows for legacy computing (total 2 characters) were added to '''Supplemental Arrows-C'''. (U+1F8B0-U+1F8B1) * (total 10 characters) were added to '''Supplemental Symbols and Pictographs'''. (U+1F90C, U+1F972, U+1F977-U+1F978, U+1F9A3-U+1F9A4, U+1F9AB-U+1F9AD and U+1F9CB) * (total 41 characters) were added to '''Symbols and Pictographs Extended-A'''. (U+1FA74, U+1FA83-U+1FA86, U+1FA96-U+1FAA8, U+1FAB0-U+1FAB6, U+1FAC0-U+1FAC2 and U+1FAD0-U+1FAD6) * Gongche characters for Kunqu Opera (total 7 characters) were added to '''CJK Unified Ideographs Extension B'''. (U+2A6D7-U+2A6DD) === Glyph Changes === Here is a table with glyph changes: {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" !Block Name !Code Points !Count |- |Tagalog |1700..170C, 170E..1714 |20 |- |Mongolian |1834, 1871, 1878 |3 |- |Sundanese |1BAB |1 |- |Currency Symbols |20BF |1 |- |CJK Radicals Supplement |2E80..2E99, 2E9B..2EF3 |115 |- |Kangxi Radicals |2F00..2FD5 |214 |- |CJK Unified Ideographs Extension A |3472, 38C7, 3DB8, 3FE0, 440B, 46E9 |6 |- |CJK Unified Ideographs |53FD, 6146, 6711, 671C, 6721, 6725, 6BD2, 7B9A, 87CE, 8956, 93BF, 9B97 |12 |- |Latin Extended-D |A764..A765 |2 |- |Phags-pa |A86D |1 |- |Tangut |175F6, 17F0D, 17F8A, 17FA5, 180D6, 18139, 18147, 184F1, 18736 |9 |- |Tangut Components |18843, 18856, 1888C, 1890A, 18915, 1893B |6 |- |Adlam |1E900..1E94A, 1E950..1E959, 1E95E..1E95F |71 |- |Miscellaneous Symbols and Pictographs |1F3B1 |1 |- |Supplemental Symbols and Pictographs |1F995..1F998, 1F99B..1F99E, 1F9B0..1F9B3, 1F9E7 |13 |- |CJK Unified Ideographs Extension B |20219, 21249, 21827, 22C3A, 2327B, 23496, 2355E, 2363B, 236ED, 23839, 23FD5, 24261, 24726, 248F2, 2548E, 26657, 26C9E, 26FE1, 27334, 27C0E, 27CEF, 2A38C |22 |- |CJK Unified Ideographs Extension C |2AED5, 2AEF3, 2AF76, 2B09F, 2B1C3, 2B1E5 |6 |- |CJK Unified Ideographs Extension E |2B83C, 2B8D9..2B8DA, 2B96F, 2BBD7, 2BD61, 2BE4A, 2BF1D, 2BF9D, 2C0B8, 2C142, 2C176, 2C316, 2C3FB, 2C402, 2C7AC, 2C82C, 2C83A, 2C9A1, 2CC88, 2CD68 |21 |- |CJK Unified Ideographs Extension F |2DC09, 2DE4A, 2EB7E, 2EB89 |4 |- |CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement |2F83B, 2F878, 2F8D6..2F8D7, 2F8DA, 2F8F0, 2F984, 2FA02 |8 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !536 |} == Unicode 14.0 == Unicode 14.0 was released on September 14th, 2021. It encoded 144,697 characters, adding 838 new characters. === New blocks === * '''Arabic Extended-B''' (U+0870-U+089F), containing 41 characters, was added. * '''Vithkuqi''' (U+10570-U+105BF), containing 70 characters, was added. * '''Latin Extended-F''' (U+10780-U+107BF), containing 57 characters, was added. * '''Old Uyghur''' (U+10F70-U+10FAF), containing 26 characters, was added. * '''Unified Canadian Aboriginal Syllabics Extended-A''' (U+11AB0-U+11ABF), containing 16 characters, was added. * '''Cypro-Minoan''' (U+12F90-U+12FFF), containing 99 characters, was added. * '''Tangsa''' (U+16A70-U+16ACF), containing 89 characters, was added. * '''Kana Extended-B''' (U+1AFF0-U+1AFFF), containing 13 characters, was added. * '''Znamenny Musical Notation''' (U+1CF00-U+1CFFF), containing 185 characters, was added. * '''Latin Extended-G''' (U+1DF00-U+1DFFF), containing 31 characters, was added. * '''Toto''' (U+1E290-U+1E2BF), containing 31 characters, was added. * '''Ethiopic Extended-B''' (U+1E7E0-U+1E7FF), containing 28 characters, was added. === Extended blocks === * An End of Text punctuation mark (total 1 character) was added to '''Arabic'''. (U+061D) * Letters for Balti and Quranic orthography (total 12 characters) were added to '''Arabic Extended-A'''. (U+08B5 and U+08C8-U+08D2) * A sign Nukta and letter Nakaara Pollu (total 2 characters) were added to '''Telugu'''. (U+0C3C and U+0C5D) * A letter Nakaara Pollu (total 1 character) was added to '''Kannada'''. (U+0CDD) * A letter Ra, sign Pamudpod and archaic letter Ra (total 3 characters) were added to '''Tagalog'''. (U+170D, U+1715 and U+171F) * A fourth Free variation selector (total 1 character) was added to '''Mongolian'''. (U+180F) * Combining diacritical marks for extended IPA (total 14 characters) were added to '''Combining Diacritical Marks Extended'''. (U+1AC1-U+1ACE) * An archaic ligature Jnya and punctuation marks (total 3 characters) were added to '''Balinese'''. (U+1B4C and U+1B7D-U+1B7E) * A combining Dot Below Left (total 1 character) was added to '''Combining Diacritical Marks Supplement'''. (U+1DFA) * A Kyrgyz Som sign (total 1 character) was added to '''Currency Symbols'''. (U+20C0) * A letter Caudate Chrivi (total 2 characters) were added to '''Glagolitic'''. (U+2C2F and U+2C5F) * Medieval and phonetic punctuation marks (total 11 characters) were added to '''Supplemental Punctuation'''. (U+2E53-U+2E5D) * Some ideographs for Macao (total 3 characters) were added to '''CJK Unified Ideographs'''. (U+9FFD-U+9FFF) * Archaic European letters, modifier letters for Sokuon and Chatino orthography (total 13 characters) were added to '''Latin Extended-D'''. (U+A7C0-U+A7C1, U+A7D0-U+A7D1, U+A7D3, U+A7D5, U+A7D6-U+A7D9 and U+A7F2-U+A7F4) * A modifier letter Wasla Above and honorifics (total 20 characters) were added to '''Arabic Presentation Forms-A'''. (U+FBC2, U+FD40-U+FD4F, U+FDCF and U+FDFE-U+FDFF) * Letters for Old Tamil (total 6 characters) were added to '''Brahmi'''. (U+11070-U+11075) * A vowel sign Vocalic R (total 1 character) was added to '''Khaiti'''. (U+110C2) * An Abbreviation sign (total 1 character) was added to '''Takri'''. (U+116B9) * Letters for Tai Ahom (total 7 characters) were added to '''Ahom'''. (U+11740-U+11746) The block was expanded from (U+11700-U+1173F) to (U+11700-U+1174F) * Kana archaic letters (total 4 characters) were added to '''Kana Extended-A'''. (U+1B11F-U+1B122) * Accidental symbols for Iranian classical music (total 2 characters) were added to '''Musical Symbols'''. (U+1D1E9-U+1D1EA) * Playground Slide, Wheel and Ring Buoy emoji (total 3 characters) were added to '''Transportation and Map Symbols'''. (U+1F6DD-U+1F6DF) * A Heavy Equals Sign emoji (total 1 character) was added to '''Geometric Shapes Extended'''. (U+1F7F0) * A Troll and Face Holding Back Tears emoji (total 2 characters) were added to '''Supplemental Symbols and Pictographs'''. (U+1F979 and U+1F9CC) * (total 31 characters) were added to '''Symbols and Pictographs Extended-A'''. (U+1FA7B-U+1FA7C, U+1FAA9-U+1FAAC, U+1FAB7-U+1FABA, U+1FAC3-U+1FAC5, U+1FAD7-U+1FAD9, U+1FAE0-U+1FAE7 and U+1FAF0-U+1FAF6) * Some ideographs for Macao (total 2 characters) were added to '''CJK Unified Ideographs Extension B'''. (U+2A6DE-U+2A6DF) * Disunified ideographs and a G source ideograph for China, Hong Kong and Vietnam (total 4 characters) were added to '''CJK Unified Ideographs Extension C'''. (U+2B735-U+2B738) === Glyph Changes === Here is a table with glyph changes: {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" !Block Name !Code Points !Count |- |Latin Extended-B |0184..0185 |2 |- |Arabic |0674..0678, 06C5, 06C7, 06FE |8 |- |Letterlike Symbols |210B, 2110, 2112, 211B, 212C, 2130..2131, 2133 |8 |- |Enclosed Alphanumerics |2460..24FF |160 |- |Dingbats |2776..2793 |30 |- |CJK Symbols and Punctuation |3001..3029, 3030..303D, 303F |56 |- |CJK Strokes |31C0..31E3 |36 |- |Katakana Phonetic Extensions |31F0..31FF |16 |- |Enclosed CJK Letters and Months |3200..321E, 3220..32FF |255 |- |CJK Compatibiity |3300..33FF |256 |- |CJK Unified Ideographs Extension A |3777, 3B3F |2 |- |CJK Unified Ideographs |5DD5, 652C, 6AC0 |3 |- |Arabic Presentation Forms-A |FBD7..FBD8, FBDD, FBE0..FBE1 |5 |- |Vertical Forms |FE10..FE19 |10 |- |CJK Compatibiity Forms |FE30..FE4F |32 |- |Small Form Variants |FE50..FE52, FE54..FE66, FE68..FE6B |26 |- |Halfwidth and Fullwidth Forms |FF01..FF9F, FFA1..FFBE, FFC2..FFC7, FFCA..FFCF, FFD2..FFD7, FFDA..FFDC, FFE0..FFE6, FFE8..FFEE |225 |- |Egyptian Hieroglyphs |1300A, 13017, 1302D, 13032, 13034..13035, 13037..13038, 1303A..1303E, 1304E..1304F, 13055, 13057, 13068, 1309A, 130D2, 130D5, 130F6, 130FE, 13192, 1325F, 13267, 1326A, 13281, 13297, 1329E, 132B4, 132C1, 132E6, 13304, 1331F, 13378..1337B, 1337D..1337E, 133F3, 133FA..13403, 1340D, 13417, 1342B |55 |- |Mathematical Alphanumeric Symbols |1D49C, 1D49E..1D49F, 1D4A2, 1D4A5..1D4A6, 1D4A9..1D4AC, 1D4AE..1D4B5 |18 |- |Enclosed Alphanumeric Supplement |1F100..1F1AD, 1F1E6..1F1FF |200 |- |Enclosed Ideographic Supplement |1F200..1F202, 1F210..1F23B, 1F240..1F248, 1F250..1F251, 1F260..1F265 |64 |- |Supplemental Symbols and Pictographs |1F930 |1 |- |CJK Unified Ideographs Extension B |22ADC, 230F2, 25B27, 26F28 |4 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !1472 |} ===Variation Sequences=== Here is a table with new standardized variation sequences: {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" |- !Character Sequence !Context !Description of Variation Appearance |- |1D49C FE00 | |chancery style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL A |- |212C FE00 | |chancery style # SCRIPT CAPITAL B |- |1D49E FE00 | |chancery style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL C |- |1D49F FE00 | |chancery style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL D |- |2130 FE00 | |chancery style # SCRIPT CAPITAL E |- |2131 FE00 | |chancery style # SCRIPT CAPITAL F |- |1D4A2 FE00 | |chancery style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL G |- |210B FE00 | |chancery style # SCRIPT CAPITAL H |- |2110 FE00 | |chancery style # SCRIPT CAPITAL I |- |1D4A5 FE00 | |chancery style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL J |- |1D4A6 FE00 | |chancery style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL K |- |2112 FE00 | |chancery style # SCRIPT CAPITAL L |- |2133 FE00 | |chancery style # SCRIPT CAPITAL M |- |1D4A9 FE00 | |chancery style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL N |- |1D4AA FE00 | |chancery style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL O |- |1D4AB FE00 | |chancery style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL P |- |1D4AC FE00 | |chancery style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL Q |- |211B FE00 | |chancery style # SCRIPT CAPITAL R |- |1D4AE FE00 | |chancery style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL S |- |1D4AF FE00 | |chancery style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL T |- |1D4B0 FE00 | |chancery style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL U |- |1D4B1 FE00 | |chancery style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL V |- |1D4B2 FE00 | |chancery style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL W |- |1D4B3 FE00 | |chancery style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL X |- |1D4B4 FE00 | |chancery style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL Y |- |1D4B5 FE00 | |chancery style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL Z |- |1D49C FE01 | |roundhand style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL A |- |212C FE01 | |roundhand style # SCRIPT CAPITAL B |- |1D49E FE01 | |roundhand style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL C |- |1D49F FE01 | |roundhand style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL D |- |2130 FE01 | |roundhand style # SCRIPT CAPITAL E |- |2131 FE01 | |roundhand style # SCRIPT CAPITAL F |- |1D4A2 FE01 | |roundhand style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL G |- |210B FE01 | |roundhand style # SCRIPT CAPITAL H |- |2110 FE01 | |roundhand style # SCRIPT CAPITAL I |- |1D4A5 FE01 | |roundhand style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL J |- |1D4A6 FE01 | |roundhand style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL K |- |2112 FE01 | |roundhand style # SCRIPT CAPITAL L |- |2133 FE01 | |roundhand style # SCRIPT CAPITAL M |- |1D4A9 FE01 | |roundhand style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL N |- |1D4AA FE01 | |roundhand style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL O |- |1D4AB FE01 | |roundhand style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL P |- |1D4AC FE01 | |roundhand style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL Q |- |211B FE01 | |roundhand style # SCRIPT CAPITAL R |- |1D4AE FE01 | |roundhand style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL S |- |1D4AF FE01 | |roundhand style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL T |- |1D4B0 FE01 | |roundhand style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL U |- |1D4B1 FE01 | |roundhand style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL V |- |1D4B2 FE01 | |roundhand style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL W |- |1D4B3 FE01 | |roundhand style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL X |- |1D4B4 FE01 | |roundhand style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL Y |- |1D4B5 FE01 | |roundhand style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL Z |} ===Named Sequences=== Here is a table with new named character sequences: {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" |- !Character Sequence !Name |- |0915 093C |DEVANAGARI SEQUENCE FOR LETTER QA |- |0916 093C |DEVANAGARI SEQUENCE FOR LETTER KHHA |- |0917 093C |DEVANAGARI SEQUENCE FOR LETTER GHHA |- |091C 093C |DEVANAGARI SEQUENCE FOR LETTER ZA |- |0921 093C |DEVANAGARI SEQUENCE FOR LETTER DDDHA |- |0922 093C |DEVANAGARI SEQUENCE FOR LETTER RHA |- |092B 093C |DEVANAGARI SEQUENCE FOR LETTER FA |- |092F 093C |DEVANAGARI SEQUENCE FOR LETTER YYA |- |09A1 09BC |BENGALI SEQUENCE FOR LETTER RRA |- |09A2 09BC |BENGALI SEQUENCE FOR LETTER RHA |- |09AF 09BC |BENGALI SEQUENCE FOR LETTER YYA |- |0A32 0A3C |GURMUKHI SEQUENCE FOR LETTER LLA |- |0A38 0A3C |GURMUKHI SEQUENCE FOR LETTER SHA |- |0A16 0A3C |GURMUKHI SEQUENCE FOR LETTER KHHA |- |0A17 0A3C |GURMUKHI SEQUENCE FOR LETTER GHHA |- |0A1C 0A3C |GURMUKHI SEQUENCE FOR LETTER ZA |- |0A2B 0A3C |GURMUKHI SEQUENCE FOR LETTER FA |- |0B21 0B3C |ORIYA SEQUENCE FOR LETTER RRA |- |0B22 0B3C |ORIYA SEQUENCE FOR LETTER RHA |} == Unicode 15.0 == Unicode 15.0 was released on September 13th, 2022. It encoded 149,186 characters, adding 4,489 new characters. === New blocks === * '''Arabic Extended-C''' (U+10EC0-U+10EFF), containing 3 characters, was added. * '''Devanagari Extended-A''' (U+11B00-U+11B5F), containing 10 characters, was added. * '''Kawi''' (U+11F00-U+11F5F), containing 86 characters, was added. * '''Kaktovik Numerals''' (U+1D2C0-U+1D2DF), containing 20 characters, was added. * '''Cyrillic Extended-D''' (U+1E030-U+1E08F), containing 63 characters, was added. * '''Nag Mundari''' (U+1E4D0-U+1E4FF), containing 42 characters, was added. * '''CJK Unified Ideographs Extension H''' (U+31350-U+323AF), containing 4192 characters, was added. === Extended blocks === * A Yamakkan (total 1 character) was added to '''Lao'''. (U+0ECE) * A combining Anusvara Above Right (total 1 character) was added to '''Kannada'''. (U+0CF3) * Letters Qa, Short I and Vocalic R (total 3 characters) were added to '''Khojki'''. (U+1123F-U+11241) * An additional hieroglyph to Group V (total 1 character) was added to '''Egyptian Hieroglyphs''' * Extended format controls (total 29 characters) were added to '''Egyptian Hieroglyph Format Controls'''. (U+13439-U+13455). The block was expanded from (U+13430-U+1343F) to (U+13430-U+1345F) * Hiragana and Katakana Small Ko (total 2 characters) were added to '''Small Kana Extension'''. (U+1B132 and U+1B155) * Letters for Malayalam transliteration (total 6 characters) were added to '''Latin Extended-G'''. (U+1DF25-U+1DF2A) * A Wireless emoji (total 1 character) was added to '''Transport and Map Symbols'''. (U+1F6DC) * A Nine Pointed White Star (total 1 character) was be added to '''Geometric Shapes Extended'''. (U+1F7D9) * A Lot of Fortune, eclipse symbols and symbols for dwarf planets (total 6 characters) were added to '''Alchemical symbols'''. (U+1F774-U+1F776 and U+1F77B-U+1F77F) * (total 20 characters) were added to '''Symbols and Pictographs Extended-A'''. (U+1FA75-U+1FA77, U+1FA87-U+1FA88, U+1FAAD-U+1FAAF, U+1FABB-U+1FABF, U+1FACE-U+1FACF, U+1FADA-U+1FADB, U+1FAE8 and U+1FAF7-U+1FAF8) * A disunified ideograph for Macao (total 1 character) was added to '''CJK Unified Ideographs Extension C'''. (U+2B739) ===Glyph Changes=== Here is a table with glyph changes: {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" !Block Name !Code Points !Count |- |IPA Extensions |025E, 029A |2 |- |United Canadian Aboriginal Syllabics |144B, 14D1, 1506, 15C0..15C3, 15E8..15EE, 1601, 1604..1607, 160A..160D, 1614..162D, 1630..163F, 1646..1647, 165A |66 |- |United Canadian Aboriginal Syllabics Extended |18DB, 18EC, 18F1..18F2, 18F5 |5 |- |Sundanese |1BBF |1 |- |Optical Character Recognition |2447 |1 |- |CJK Unified Ideographs Extension A |34DC, 3BF6, 3C43, 48B4, 4DBE |5 |- |CJK Unified Ideographs |585F, 5F50, 6BC0, 7BC9, 833E |5 |- |Cyrillic Extended-B |A66E |1 |- |Old Turkic |10C47 |1 |- |Egyptian Hieroglyphs |various (new standardized variation sequences) |94 |- |Khitan Small Script |18CCA |1 |- |Wancho (font update) |1E2C0..1E2F9, 1E2FF |59 |- |Alchemical Symbols (font update) |1F700..1F773 |116 |- |CJK Unified Ideographs Extension B |20048, 20A1C, 2143F, 21A5F, 21C08, 21FBA, 22ACF, 23392, 238A7, 23D8F, 23F4E, 25D20, 26E30, 27B48, 27C4F, 28633, 28B02, 28E9A, 29760, 2A60F |20 |- |CJK Unified Ideographs Extension C |2B249 |1 |- |CJK Unified Ideographs Extension E |2BB37, 2BD7D, 2C151, 2C1E0, 2C2D6, 2C5CA, 2C810, 2CD34 |8 |- |CJK Unified Ideographs Extension F |2CF4E, 2D25D, 2D3EC, 2D6A7, 2D7BA, 2D979, 2DA74, 2DA97, 2DC13, 2DDC0, 2DF10, 2DF78, 2E05A, 2E0AE, 2E516, 2E640, 2E680, 2EA63 |18 |- |CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement |2F804, 2F805, 2F833, 2F835, 2F84C, 2F84F, 2F852, 2F855, 2F887, 2F88B, 2F899, 2F8A0, 2F8A6, 2F8A7, 2F8AD, 2F8B1, 2F8B4, 2F8B7, 2F8BA, 2F8D0, 2F8E0..2F8E2, 2F8E5, 2F8E6, 2F8FE, 2F900, 2F901, 2F907, 2F912, 2F922, 2F926, 2F936, 2F938, 2F94E, 2F959, 2F95F, 2F96C, 2F99F, 2F9B8, 2F9BA, 2F9D3, 2F9DB, 2F9DC, 2F9E8, 2F9EA, 2F9EE, 2FA00, 2FA0D, 2FA1B |50 |- |CJK Unified Ideographs Extension G |302FC, 30723, 30A6D, 30CF7, 30DBF, 31006, 3105D |7 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !461 |} ===Variation Sequences=== Here is a table with new standardized variation sequences: {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" |- !Character Sequence !Context !Description of Variation Appearance |- |13091 FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH D027 |- |13092 FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH D027A |- |13093 FE01 | |rotated 180 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH D028 |- |130A9 FE01 | |rotated 180 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH D047 |- |1310F FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH F016 |- |13117 FE02 | |rotated 270 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH F023 |- |1311C FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH F028 |- |13121 FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH F032 |- |13127 FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH F037A |- |13139 FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH F051 |- |13139 FE02 | |rotated 270 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH F051 |- |13183 FE02 | |rotated 270 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH H005 |- |13187 FE01 | |rotated 180 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH H008 |- |131A0 FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH K006 |- |131A0 FE02 | |rotated 270 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH K006 |- |131B1 FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH M003 |- |131B1 FE01 | |rotated 180 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH M003 |- |131B8 FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH M009 |- |131B9 FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH M010 |- |131BA FE02 | |rotated 270 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH M010A |- |131CB FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH M017 |- |131EE FE01 | |rotated 180 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH M044 |- |131EE FE02 | |rotated 270 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH M044 |- |131F8 FE01 | |rotated 180 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH N010 |- |131F9 FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH N011 |- |131F9 FE01 | |rotated 180 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH N011 |- |131FA FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH N012 |- |131FA FE01 | |rotated 180 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH N012 |- |13216 FE02 | |rotated 270 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH N035 |- |13257 FE01 | |rotated 180 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH O006 |- |1327B FE02 | |rotated 270 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH O029 |- |1327F FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH O031 |- |1327F FE01 | |rotated 180 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH O031 |- |13285 FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH O036 |- |1328C FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH O039 |- |132A4 FE01 | |rotated 180 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH P008 |- |132A4 FE02 | |rotated 270 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH P008 |- |132AA FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH Q003 |- |132CB FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH R024 |- |132DC FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH S010 |- |132E7 FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH S018 |- |132E7 FE02 | |rotated 270 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH S018 |- |132E9 FE02 | |rotated 270 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH S020 |- |132F8 FE02 | |rotated 270 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH S033 |- |132FD FE02 | |rotated 270 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH S037 |- |13302 FE02 | |rotated 270 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH S042 |- |13303 FE02 | |rotated 270 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH S043 |- |13307 FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH T001 |- |13308 FE01 | |rotated 180 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH T002 |- |13310 FE02 | |rotated 270 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH T008 |- |13311 FE02 | |rotated 270 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH T008A |- |13312 FE01 | |rotated 180 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH T009 |- |13312 FE02 | |rotated 270 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH T009 |- |13313 FE01 | |rotated 180 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH T009A |- |13313 FE02 | |rotated 270 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH T009A |- |13314 FE01 | |rotated 180 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH T010 |- |13314 FE02 | |rotated 270 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH T010 |- |1331B FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH T016 |- |1331B FE01 | |rotated 180 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH T016 |- |1331C FE02 | |rotated 270 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH T016A |- |13321 FE01 | |rotated 180 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH T021 |- |13321 FE02 | |rotated 270 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH T021 |- |13322 FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH T022 |- |13322 FE01 | |rotated 180 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH T022 |- |13331 FE01 | |rotated 180 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH T035 |- |13331 FE02 | |rotated 270 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH T035 |- |1333B FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH U007 |- |1333C FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH U008 |- |1334A FE02 | |rotated 270 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH U022 |- |13361 FE02 | |rotated 270 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH U042 |- |13373 FE02 | |rotated 270 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH V007A |- |13377 FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH V010 |- |13378 FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH V011 |- |1337D FE02 | |rotated 270 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH V012A |- |13385 FE02 | |rotated 270 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH V019 |- |13399 FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH V026 |- |1339A FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH V027 |- |133AF FE02 | |rotated 270 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH W001 |- |133B0 FE02 | |rotated 270 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH W002 |- |133BF FE02 | |rotated 270 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH W014 |- |133D3 FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH X004A |- |133DD FE02 | |rotated 270 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH Y002 |- |133F2 FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH Z007 |- |133F5 FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH Z010 |- |133F6 FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH Z011 |- |13403 FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH Z015I |- |13416 FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH AA008 |- |13419 FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH AA011 |- |13419 FE01 | |rotated 180 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH AA011 |- |13419 FE02 | |rotated 270 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH AA011 |- |1341A FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH AA012 |- |13423 FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH AA021 |- |1342C FE02 | |rotated 270 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH AA030 |- |1342E FE02 | |rotated 270 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH AA032 |- |13443 FE00 | |expanded # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH LOST SIGN |- |13444 FE00 | |expanded # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH HALF LOST SIGN |- |13445 FE00 | |expanded # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH TALL LOST SIGN |- |13446 FE00 | |expanded # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH WIDE LOST SIGN |} == Unicode 15.1 == Unicode 15.1 was released on September 12th, 2023. It encoded 149,813 characters, adding 627 new characters. === New Blocks === * '''CJK Unified Ideographs Extension I''' (U+2EBF0-U+2EE5F), containing 622 characters, was added. === Extended Blocks === * 4 Ideographic characters were added to '''Ideographic Description Characters'''. (U+2FFC-U+2FFF) * An Ideographic subtraction (total 1 character) was added to '''CJK Strokes'''. (U+31EF) === Glyph Changes === Here is a table with glyph changes: {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" !Block Name !Code Points !Count |- |CJK Unified Ideographs Extension A |357E, 358B..358E, 3599..359D, 35AF..35B0, 35B2..35B3, 35DF..35E1, 35EF, 360F, 3612, 3F94, 44D5, 48EE |5 |- |CJK Unified Ideographs |5098, 512D, 517A, 5391, 54DB, 551C, 551F, 55B8, 55ED, 56AB, 591E, 594A, 5B2E, 5DFC..5DFD, 5EE4, 609E, 65B0, 65B3, 65D5, 65F2, 67B2, 6AB6, 6AEC, 6C69, 6FC2, 6FD3, 7019, 7361, 74BD, 7934, 820B, 826E, 83BB, 8412, 8456, 848A, 896F, 8E34, 8FD7, 9166, 9855, 985E, 9C4D |5 |- |Latin Extended-D |A798 |1 |- |Latin Extended-E |AB5A |1 |- |Tangut |17105, 172A4, 17BD1..17BD3, 17EF9, 18136 |59 |- |Alchemical Symbols |1F741, 1F747, 1F74C, 1F74F, 1F756, 1F758, 1F763, 1F768, 1F76D, 1F76E |116 |- |CJK Unified Ideographs Extension B |20302, 2087A, 20C00, 230B7, 2339E, 236EF, 237C3, 23B87, 23CC0, 23CD9, 23E5E, 2486F, 249D6, 249E8, 24D6A, 2585E, 25D89, 26A5A..26A5B, 26A73, 26A82..26A83, 26A90, 26AA6, 26AA8, 26AD8, 27350, 279F8, 284A3, 28BBA, 29516, 29530 |20 |- |CJK Unified Ideographs Extension C |2A741, 2AB63, 2ACD8, 2AF6F, 2B173, 2B490 |1 |- |CJK Unified Ideographs Extension E |2BC2E, 2BF45, 2C04C, 2C13A, 2C43C, 2C43E, 2C816 |8 |- |CJK Unified Ideographs Extension F |2D1CC..2D1CD, 2D1DD, 2D1E4, 2D1F7, 2D203, 2D256, 2D266, 2D2A2, 2D2AC, 2D2DA |18 |- |CJK Unified Ideographs Extension G |301D4, 301D9, 301E4, 301E8, 301FF..30200, 30205, 3020C, 30211, 30215..30217, 30220, 30234..30235, 30237 |7 |- |CJK Unified Ideographs Extension H |314B7, 31542, 31569, 31C7F, 31D5A, 31F68 |7 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !164 |} == Unicode 16.0 == Unicode 16.0 was released on September 10th, 2024. It encoded 154,998 characters, adding 5,185 new characters. === New Blocks === * '''Todhri''' (U+105C0-U+105FF), containing 52 characters, was added. * '''Garay''' (U+10D40-U+10D8F), containing 69 characters, was added. * '''Tulu-Tigalari''' (U+11380-U+113FF), containing 80 characters, was added. * '''Myanmar Extended-C''' (U+116D0-U+116FF), containing 20 characters, was added. * '''Sunuwar''' (U+11BC0-U+11BFF), containing 44 characters, was added. * '''Egyptian Hieroglyphs Extended-A''' (U+13460-U+143FF), containing 3995 characters, was added. * '''Gurung Khema''' (U+16100-U+1613F), containing 58 characters, was added. * '''Kirat Rai''' (U+16D40-U+16D7F), containing 58 characters, was added. * '''Symbols for Legacy Computing Supplement''' (U+1CC00-U+1CEBF), containing 686 characters, was added. * '''Ol Onal''' (U+1E5D0-U+1E5FF), containing 44 characters, was added. === Extended Blocks === * A combining diacritical mark for Jawi (total 1 character) was added to '''Arabic Extended-B'''. (U+0897) * Inverted letters and a punctuation mark (total 3 characters) was added to '''Balinese'''. (U+1B4E-U+1B4F and U+1B7F) * A letter Tje (total 2 characters) was added to '''Cyrillic Extended-C'''. (U+1C89-U+1C8A) * Legacy computing symbols for Delete (total 3 characters) was added to '''Control Pictures'''. (U+2427-U+2429) * CJK strokes HXG and SZP (total 2 characters) was added to '''CJK Strokes'''. (U+31E4-U+31E5) * A capital Rams Horn, an S with Diagonal Stroke, Lamda Letters, and letters for Wakashan and Salishan Languages (total 6 characters) was added to '''Latin Extended-D'''. (U+A7CB-U+A7CD, U+A7DA-U+A7DC) * A combining Alef overlay and letters with two dots vertically below (total 4 characters) was added to '''Arabic Extended-C'''. (U+10EC2-U+10EC4 and U+10EFC) * A sign Nukta (total 1 character) was added to '''Kawi'''. (U+11F5A) * A blank character (total 1 character) was added to '''Khitan Small Script'''. (U+18CFF) * A rightwards arrow with hook, and arrows for legacy computing and arrows for Egyptology (total 12 characters) was added to '''Supplemental Arrows-C'''. (U+1F8B2-U+1F8BB, U+1F8C0-U+1F8C1) * A Harp, Shovel, Leafless Tree, Fingerprint, Root Vegetable, Splatter, and Face with Bags Under Eyes (total 7 characters) was added to '''Symbols and Pictographs Extended-A'''. (U+1FA89, U+1FA8F, U+1FABE, U+1FAC6, U+1FADC, U+1FADF, and U+1FAE9) * Graphic shapes for legacy computing (total 37 characters) was added to '''Symbols for Legacy Computing'''. (U+1FBCB-U+1FBEF) == Unicode 17.0 == Unicode 17.0 was released on September 9th, 2025. It encoded 159,801 characters, adding 4,083 new characters. === New Blocks === * '''Sidetic''' (U+10940-U+1095F), containing 26 characters, was added. * '''Sharada Supplement''' (U+11B60-U+11B7F), containing 8 characters, was added. * '''Tolong Siki''' (U+11DB0-U+11DEF), containing 54 characters, was added. * '''Beria Erfe''' (U+16EA0-U+16EDF), containing 50 characters, was added. * '''Tangut Components Supplement''' (U+18D80-U+18DFF), containing 115 characters, was added. * '''Miscellaneous Symbols Supplement''' (U+1CEC0-U+1CEFF), containing 34 characters, was added. * '''Tai Yo''' (U+1E6C0-U+1E6FF), containing 55 characters, was added. * '''CJK Unified Ideographs Extension J''' (U+323B0-U+3347F), containing 4298 characters, was added. === Extended Blocks === * A Noon with Ring Above (total 1 character) was added to '''Arabic Extended-B'''. (U+088F) * An archaic ligature Shrii (total 1 character) was added to '''Telugu'''. (U+0C5C) * An archaic ligature Shrii (total 1 character) was added to '''Kannada'''. (U+0CDC) * Compound tone and harrington diacritics (total 26 characters) was to '''Combining Diacritical Marks Extended'''. (U+1ACF-U+1ADD, U+1AE0-U+1AEB) * Saudi Riyal Sign (total 1 character) was added to '''Currency Symbols'''. (U+20C1) * Equal Sign with Infinity Above (total 1 character) was added to '''Miscellaneous Symbols and Arrows'''. (U+2B96) * 2 capital letters for Middle English, Latin pharyngeal voiced fricative, and Modifier Letter Capital S (total 5 characters) was added to '''Latin Extended-D'''. (U+A7CE-U+A7CF, U+A7D2, U+A7D4, U+A7F1) * Arabic Ligature Rahmatu Allaahi Alayh and Arabic Honorifics (total 25 characters) was added to '''Arabic Presentation Forms-A'''. (U+FBC3-U+FBD2, U+FD90, U+FD91, U+FDC8-U+FDCE) * A Small Yeh Barree with Two Dots Below, Thin Noon, Biblical End of Verse, Yeh with Four Dots Below, Honorifics, Double Vertical Bar Below, and Small Low Noon (total 14 characters) was added to '''Arabic Extended-C'''. (U+10EC5-U+10EC7, U+10ED0-U+10ED8, U+10EFA-U+10EFB) * Chinese Simplified and Traditional Er and Yangqin Slow Signs Two, Three, and Four (total 5 characters) was added to '''Ideographic Symbols and Punctuation'''. (U+16FF2-U+16FF6) * Some additional ideographs (total 8 characters) was added to '''Tangut'''. (U+187F8-U+187FF) * Additional ideographs (total 22 characters) was added to '''Tangut Supplement'''. (U+18D09-U+18D1E) * Nine symbols (total 9 characters) was added to '''Symbols for Legacy Computing Supplement'''. (U+1CCFA-U+1CCFC, U+1CEBA-1CEBF) * A Landslide (total 1 character) was added to '''Transport and Map Symbols'''. (U+1F6D8) * Historical asteroid symbols (total 4 characters) was added to '''Alchemical Symbols'''. (U+1F777-U+1F77A) * Chemical symbols (total 9 characters) was added to '''Supplemental Arrows-C'''. (U+1F8D0-U+1F8D8) * White and Black Chess Ferz and Alfil (total 4 characters) was added to '''Chess Symbols'''. (U+1FA54-U+1FA57) * A trombone, treasure chest, hairy creature, orca, distorted face, and fight cloud (total 6 characters) was added to '''Symbols and Pictographs Extended-A'''. (U+1FA8A, U+1FA8E, U+1FAC8, U+1FACD, U+1FAEA, and U+1FAEF) * An alarm bell symbol (total 1 character) was added to '''Symbols for Legacy Computing'''. (U+1FBFA) * Additional ideographs (total 6 characters) was added to '''CJK Unified Ideographs Extension C'''. (U+2B73A-U+2B73F) * Additional ideographs (total 12 characters) was added to '''CJK Unified Ideographs Extension E'''. (U+2CEA2-U+2CEAD) == Unicode 18.0 == Unicode 18.0 was released on September 16, 2026. It encoded 172,808 characters, adding 13,007 new characters. === New Blocks === *'''Bengali Supplement''' (U+11DF0-U+11DFF), containing 2 characters, was added. * '''Archaic Cuneiform Numerals''' (U+12550-U+1268F), containing 311 characters, was added. * '''Jurchen''' (U+18E00-U+1919F), containing 914 characters, was added. * '''Jurchen Radicals''' (U+191A0-U+191DF), containing 51 characters, was added. * '''Musical Symbols Supplement''' (U+1D250-U+1D28F), containing 50 characters, was added. * '''Miscellaneous Symbols and Arrows Extended''' (U+1DB00-U+1DBFF), containing 29 characters, was added. * '''Seal Script''' (U+3D000-U+3FC3F), containing 11328 characters, was added. === Extended Blocks === * Modifier letters Eh, Ini, and Yi (total 3 characters) was added to '''Armenian'''. (U+0558, U+058B-U+058C) * Hebrew Point Sheva Na Mudgash and Hebrew Point Dagesh Hazaq Mudgash (total 2 characters) was added to '''Hebrew'''. (U+05C8-U+05C9) * Signs for dot above and double dot above (total 2 characters) was added to '''Oriya'''. (U+0B53-U+0B54) * Alternate positioned IPA diacritics and diacritics for Chao and Khoe (total 7 characters) was added to '''Combining Diacritical Marks Extended'''. (U+1ADE-U+1ADF, U+1AEC-U+1AF0) * Latin subscript small letter w, y, and z and Modifier letter high and low vertical line (total 4 characters) was added to '''Superscripts and Subscripts'''. (U+208F, U+209D-U+209F) * Rufiyaa Sign, UAE Dirham Sign, and Omani Rial (total 3 characters) was added to '''Currency Symbols'''. (U+20C2-U+20C4) * Two Wiggly Exclamation Marks and Two Parenthesis with Middle Ring (total 4 characters) was added to '''Supplemental Punctuation'''. (U+2E60-U+2E63) * Latin capital letter closed omega and Latin capital letter r with long leg and (total 2 characters) was added to '''Latin Extended-D'''. (U+A7DD and U+A7E2) * Latin capital letter script r and script r with ring (total 2 characters) was added to '''Latin Extended-E'''. (U+AB6C-U+AB6D) * Latin modifier letters for clicks (total 5 characters) was added to '''Latin Extended-F'''. (U+107BB-U+107BF) * Arabic Crown Letters, Quranic Characters, and Arabic Crown (total 39 characters) was added to '''Arabic Extended-C'''. (U+10EC9-U+10ECF, U+10ED9-U+10EEE, U+10EF0-U+10EF9) * Devanagari Letter Alternate Ddda (total 1 character) was added to '''Devanagari Extended-A'''. (U+11B0A) * Extended Cuneiform Numeric Signs (total 12 characters) was added to '''Cuneiform Numbers and Punctuation'''. (U+1246F, U+12475-U+1247F) * Jurchen Small Script characters (total 5 characters) was added to '''Khitan Small Script'''. (U+18CD6-U+18CDA) * Two additional ideographs (total 2 characters) was added to '''Tangut Supplement'''. (U+18D1F-U+18D20) * Hiragana Digraph Koto, Katakana Diagraphs Toki, Tote, and Yori, letters alternate Ne, and Wi (total 6 characters) was added to '''Kana Extended-A'''. (U+1B123-U+1B128) * Katakana letter small archaic Ye (total 1 character) was added to '''Small Kana Extension'''. (U+1B168) * Leibnizian alchemical symbols, Leibnizian cossic characters, and Leibnizian mathematical signs and symbols (total 19 characters) was added to '''Miscellaneous Symbols Supplement'''. (U+1CED2-U+1CED4, U+1CEDD-U+1CEDF, U+1CEF1-U+1CEFD) * Stein Zimmerman Symbols, Digit Slash Symbols, and other Symbols (total 23 characters) was added to '''Musical Symbols'''. (U+1D127-U+1D128, U+1D1EB-U+1D1FF) * Mathematical italic long s with descender s (U+1D6A6) was added to '''Mathematical Alphanumeric Symbols'''. * Affricate ligatures, letters with palatal hook, barred letters, RFE letters, Initial Teaching Alphabet, English Phonotypic Alphabet, Leibnizian cossic characters, and modifier letters (total 151 characters) was added to '''Latin Extended-G'''. (U+1DF1F-U+1DF24, U+1DF2B-U+1DF81, U+1DF90-U+1DF96, U+1DFCD-U+1DFFF) * A Tomobiki symbol (total 1 character) was added to '''Enclosed Alphanumeric Supplement'''. (U+1F1AE) * A lighthouse (total 1 character) was added to '''Transport and Map Symbols'''. (U+1F6D9) * A black circle with white vertical bar, and Extended Geometric Shapes (total 17 characters) was added to '''Geometric Shapes Extended'''. (U+1F7DA-U+1F7DB, U+1F7F1-U+1F7FF) * A meteor, eraser, net with handle, monarch butterfly, pickle, cracking face, leftwards thumb sign, and rightwards thumb sign (total 8 characters) was added to '''Symbols and Pictographs Extended-A'''. (U+1FA8B-1FA8D, U+1FACC, U+1FADD, U+1FAEB, U+1FAF9-1FAFA) * An additional ideograph (total 1 character) was added to '''CJK Unified Ideographs Extension D'''. (U+2B81E) == Unicode 19.0== Unicode 19.0 will be released in late 2027. === New Blocks === * '''Sirmauri''' (U+11850-U+1188F), containing 55 characters, will be added. * '''Proto-Cuneiform''' (U+12690-U+12ECF), containing 1392 characters, will be added. * '''Chisoi''' (U+16D80-U+16DAF), containing 40 characters, will be added. * '''Leibnizian Ambiguous Signs''' (U+1DC00-U+1DC3F), containing 54 characters, will be added. * '''CJK Unified Ideographs Components-A''' (U+2FA20-U+2FA9F), containing 119 characters, will be added. * '''CJK Unified Ideographs Components-B''' (U+2FAA0-U+2FC1F), containing 375 characters, will be added. === Extended Blocks === * Telugu Sign Spacing Candrabindu (total 1 character) will be added to '''Telugu'''. (U+0C70) * Kannada Signs Ardhanusvara and Combining Anusvara Above (total 1 character) will be added to '''Kannada'''. (U+0CF0 and U+0CF4) * Cyrillic small letter Yeru with connecting bar (total 1 character) will be added to '''Cyrillic Extended-C'''. (U+1C8B) * Belarusian Ruble sign (total 1 characters) will be added to '''Currency Symbols'''. (U+20C5) * Combining Long Triple Solidus Overlay and Combining Saltire Overlay (total 2 characters) will be added to '''Combining Diacritical Marks for Symbols'''. (U+20F1-U+20F2) * Latin capital letter u with left hook (total 1 character) will be added to '''Latin Extended-E'''. (U+AB6E) * Arabic Dotless Half-Yeh and Half-Yeh (total 2 characters) will be added to '''Arabic Extended-C'''. (U+10EC0-U+10EC1) * Brahmi minimizing virama (total 1 character) will be added to '''Brahmi'''. (U+1107E) * Tulu-Tigalari letter combining anusvara above, signs om pushpika with tail and shrii pushpika, and letter archaic II (total 5 characters) will be added to '''Tulu-Tigalari'''. (U+113CB, U+113D9-U+113DB) * Dogra Signs Candrabindu and Avaragha (total 2 characters) will be added to '''Dogra'''. (U+1183C-U+1183D) * Devanagari Jivamuliya and Upadhmaniya (total 2 characters) will be added to '''Devanagari Extended-A'''. (U+11B0B-U+11B0C) * White Ideographic Comma and Double Ideographic Full Stop (total 2 characters) will be added to '''Ideographic Symbols and Punctuation'''. (U+16FE5-U+16FE6) * Alchemical Symbol for Calx-2 and Alchemical Symbol for Retort-2 (total 2 characters) will be added to '''Miscellaneous Symbols Supplement'''. (U+1CED1, U+1CED5) * Leibnizian letterlike symbols and miscellaneous symbols (total 15 characters) will be added to '''Miscellaneous Symbols and Arrows Extended'''. (U+1DB1D-U+1DB2B) * Small w with palatal hook, small n and r with double middle tilde, small capital i with retroflex hook, small open q, x with stroke, small wavy y, schwa with right hook, and modifier letter accents (total 17 characters) will be added to '''Latin Extended-G'''. (U+1DF82-U+1DF8A, U+1DFC5-U+1DFCC) == Code Points Provisionally Assigned== This is a section where you can add any upcoming Unicode characters that have been [https://www.unicode.org/alloc/Pipeline.html#codepoint_reservation provisionally assigned for mature proposals] (but not yet accepted) for a future update of The Unicode Standard. === New Blocks === * '''Arabic Extended-D''' (U+10D90-U+10E5F), containing 3 characters, will be added. * '''Leke''' (U+11B80-U+11BBF), containing 55 characters, will be added. * '''Mayan Hieroglyphs''' (U+15500-U+156EF), containing 481 characters, will be added. * '''Mayan Hieroglyph Format Controls''' (U+156F0-U+1570F), containing 32 characters, will be added. * '''Kore Sebeli''' (U+15B00-U+15B6F), containing 93 characters, will be added. * '''Mwangwego''' (U+16E00-U+16E3F), containing 64 characters, will be added. * '''Shaaldaa''' (U+1C800-U+1CB2F), containing 804 characters, will be added. * '''Ndiko Jonam''' (U+1CB30-U+1CB7F), containing 69 characters, will be added. * '''N<nowiki>'</nowiki>ti''' (U+1CB80-U+1CBAF), containing 47 characters, will be added. === Extended Blocks === * Arabic Letter Alif Maksura with Comma Above (total 1 character) will be added to '''Arabic'''. (U+0892) * Mongolian Letter Manchu Alternative Ue (total 1 character) will be added to '''Mongolian'''. (U+1879) * Combining Grave-Acute-Macron, Combining inverted lazy s above, and Combining comma above and acute, and combining left-joined acute-macron (total 4 characters) will be added to '''Combining Diacritical Marks Extended'''. (U+1AF1-U+1AF4) * Ruble sign with double vertical stem (total 1 character) will be added to '''Currency Symbols'''. (U+20CF) * Latin capital and small letter i with oblique stroke (total 2 characters) will be added to '''Latin Extended-D'''. (U+A7DE-U+A7DF) * Latin capital letter turned w (total 1 character) will be added to '''Latin Extended-E'''. (U+AB6F) * Arabic Dotless Half-Jeem and Astronomical Kaf (total 2 characters) will be added to '''Arabic Extended-C'''. (U+10EC8, U+10EEF) * Newa Letter Heavy Ya (total 1 character) will be added to '''Newa'''. (U+11462) * Devanagari sign final anusvara, continuation sign, and correction mark for vowel signs (total 3 characters) will be added to '''Devanagari Extended-A'''. (U+11B0D-U+11B0F) * Musical Symbol down arrowhead breath mark (total 1 character) will be added to '''Musical Symbols Supplement'''. (U+1D282) * Romance dialectology symbols, zh ligature, Albanian letter edhe, Albanian Frashëri letters, dotless i with descender, small turned dotless i, English Phonotypic Alphabet additions, and Modifier letter capital y (total 28 characters) will be added to '''Latin Extended-G'''. (U+1DF8B-U+1DF8F, U+1DF97-U+1DFAD, U+1DFC4) * South Slavic Cyrillic modifier letters (total 6 characters) will be added to '''Cyrillic Extended-D'''. (U+1E06E-U+1E073) *Arabic Astronomical zero and five astronomical symbols (total 6 characters) will be added to '''Arabic Mathematical Alphabetic Symbols'''. (U+1EEE0-U+1EEE5) ==Roadmap Blocks== This is a section where proportional maps of proposed allocations to Unicode and ISO/IEC 10646 are presented. Italic indicates scripts for which detailed proposals have not yet been written.<ref>[https://unicode.org/roadmaps/smp/]</ref> * '''Northern Palaeohispanic''' (U+10200-U+1023F) * '''Southern Palaeohispanic''' (U+10240-U+1027F) * '''Shavian Quikscript''' (U+103E0-U+103FF) * '''Combining Diacritical Marks Extended-A''' (U+107C0-U+107FF) * '''Proto-Sinaitic''' (U+108B0-U+108DF) * '''''Numidian''' (U+10960-U+1097F)'' * '''Balti''' (U+10AA0-U+10ABF) * '''Book Pahlavi''' (U+10BB0-U+10BDF) * '''Baburi''' (U+10BE0-U+10BFF) * '''Landa''' (U+11250-U+1127F) * '''Tani Lipi''' (U+114E0-U+114FF) * '''Ranjana''' (U+11500-U+1157F) * '''Zou''' (U+11750-U+117AF) * '''Pyu''' (U+117B0-U+117FF) * '''Vateluttu''' (U+11960-U+1199F) * '''Balti-B''' (U+11CC0-U+11CFF) * '''Tocharian''' (U+11E00-U+11E6F) * '''Khotanese''' (U+11E70-U+11ECF) * '''Pallava''' (U+11F60-U+11FAF) * '''''Egyptian Hieroglyphs Extended-B''' (U+14680-U+151FF)'' * '''Maya Hieroglyphs Extended-A''' (U+15710-U+15AFF) * '''Mandombe''' (U+15B80-U+15FFF) * '''Wei Rma''' (U+16000-U+1604F) * '''Wagindara''' (U+16050-U+1607F) * '''Kurukh Banna''' (U+16140-U+1618F) * '''Moon''' (U+161A0-U+161FF) * '''Blissymbols''' (U+16200-U+167FF) * '''Woleai''' (U+16B90-U+16BFF) * '''Kpelle''' (U+16C00-U+16C7F) * '''Tikamuli''' (U+16C80-U+16CBF) * '''Tangsa (Khimhun)''' (U+16CD0-U+16CFF) * '''Afaka''' (U+16D00-U+16D3F) * '''Kulitan''' (U+16DD0-U+16DFF) * '''''Bopomofo Extended-A''' (U+16FA0-U+16FAF)'' * '''Kanbun Extended-A''' (U+16FB0-U+16FDF) * '''Khitan Large Script''' (U+19200-U+199FF) * '''Pau Cin Hau Syllabary''' (U+19E00-U+1A2FF) * '''Eskaya''' (U+1A300-U+1A75F) * '''Rejang Extended''' (U+1A760-U+1A77F) * '''''Kaida''''' (U+1A780-U+1A7FF) * '''Naxi Dongba''' (U+1A800-U+1ACFF) * '''''Naxi Geba''' (U+1AD00-U+1AFCF)'' * '''''Kana Extended-C''' (U+1AFD0-U+1AFEF)'' * '''Shuishu Logograms''' (U+1B300-U+1B5FF) * '''Lisu Syllabic Script''' (U+1B600-U+1B9FF) * '''Indus''' (U+1BA00-U+1BB8F) * '''Pitman Shorthand''' (U+1BCB0-U+1BCFF) * '''Proto-Elamite''' (U+1BE00-U+1C37F) * '''Linear Elamite''' (U+1C380-U+1C4FF) * '''Old Chinese Musical Symbols (Flute and Pipa)''' (U+1D290-U+1D2BF) * '''''Mathematical Alphanumeric Symbols Supplement''' (U+1D380-U+1D3FF)'' * '''Jianzi Format Controls''' (U+1DAE0-U+1DAFF) * '''Eebee Hmong''' (U+1E150-U+1E1FF) * '''Western Cham''' (U+1E200-U+1E26F) * '''Loma''' (U+1E300-U+1E41F) * '''Bagam''' (U+1E420-U+1E4CF) * '''Pungchen''' (U+1E500-U+1E52F) * '''''Pungchung''' (U+1E530-U+1E55F)'' * '''''Marchung''' (U+1E560-U+1E59F)'' * '''Brusha''' (U+1E5A0-U+1E5CF) * '''''Chola''' (U+1E600-U+1E65F)'' * '''Box-Headed''' (U+1E660-U+1E6BF) * '''Lampung''' (U+1E700-U+1E73F) * '''Kerinci''' (U+1E740-U+1E76F) * '''Buginese Supplement''' (U+1E770-U+1E7BF) * '''''Lontara Bilang-Bilang''' (U+1E7C0-U+1E7DF)'' * '''N'Ko Supplement''' (U+1E960-1E97F) * '''''Byblos''''' (U+1EB90-U+1EBFF) * '''Persian Siyaq Numbers''' (U+1EC00-U+1EC7F) * '''Diwani Siyaq Numbers''' (U+1ECC0-U+1ECFF) * '''''Extended Pictographic Characters''' (U+1FC00-U+1FFFF)'' == References == {{reflist}} c6ls79sth7zwp9r0b9z10iiboaiwp0t 4679364 4679363 2026-10-31T21:56:29Z Alexlatham96 377450 /* Roadmap Blocks */ 4679364 wikitext text/x-wiki {{pp-protected|small=yes}} {{Unicode page}} {{TOC right}} {{refimprove|date=June 2017}} This page is about each version specification, and the differences between the versions. == Unicode 1.0 == Unicode 1.0 was the first version of Unicode, released October 1991. It encoded 7,094 new characters. === “Blocks” === This version of Unicode did not formally group characters in blocks. But in comparison with version 2.0, the following “blocks” were available: U+0000-U+FFFD 51 Blocks * '''Basic Latin (formerly called ASCII)''' (U+0000-U+007F), containing 128 characters. * '''Latin-1 Supplement (formerly called Latin1)''' (U+0080-U+00FF), containing 128 characters. * '''Latin Extended-A''' '''(formerly called European Latin)''' (U+0100-U+017F), containing 127 characters. * '''Latin Extended-B''' '''(formerly called Extended Latin)''' (U+0180-U+01FF), containing 113 characters. * '''IPA Extensions''' '''(formerly called Standard Phonetic)''' (U+0250-U+02AF), containing 89 characters. * '''Spacing Modifier Letters''' '''(formerly called Modifier Letters)''' (U+02B0-U+02FF), containing 57 characters. * '''Combining Diacritical Marks''' '''(formerly called Generic Diacritical Marks)''' (U+0300-U+036F), containing 66 characters. * '''Greek and Coptic''' '''(formerly called Greek)''' (U+0370-U+03FF), containing 112 characters. * '''Cyrillic''' (U+0400-U+04FF), containing 192 characters. * '''Armenian''' (U+0530-U+058F), containing 84 characters. * '''Hebrew''' (U+0590-U+05FF), containing 52 characters. * '''Arabic''' (U+0600-U+06FF), containing 169 characters. * '''Devanagari''' (U+0900-U+097F), containing 104 characters. * '''Bengali''' (U+0980-U+09FF), containing 89 characters. * '''Gurmukhi''' (U+0A00-U+0A7F), containing 74 characters. * '''Gujarati''' (U+0A80-U+0AFF), containing 75 characters. * '''Oriya''' (U+0B00-U+0B7F), containing 78 characters. * '''Tamil''' (U+0B80-U+0BFF), containing 61 characters. * '''Telugu''' (U+0C00-U+0C7F), containing 80 characters. * '''Kannada''' (U+0C80-U+0CFF), containing 80 characters. * '''Malayalam''' (U+0D00-U+0D7F), containing 78 characters. * '''Thai''' (U+0E00-U+0E7F), containing 92 characters. * '''Lao''' (U+0E80-U+0EFF), containing 70 characters. * '''Tibetan''' (U+1000-U+105F), containing 71 characters. * '''Georgian''' (U+10A0-U+10FF), containing 78 characters. * '''General Punctuation''' (U+2000-U+206F), containing 67 characters. * '''Superscripts and Subscripts''' (U+2070-U+209F), containing 28 characters. * '''Currency Symbols''' (U+20A0-U+20CF), containing 11 characters. * '''Combining Marks for Symbols''' '''(formerly called Diacritical Marks for Symbols)''' (U+20D0-U+20FF), containing 18 characters. * '''Letterlike Symbols''' (U+2100-U+214F), containing 57 characters. * '''Number Forms''' (U+2150-U+218F), containing 48 characters. * '''Arrows''' (U+2190-U+21FF), containing 91 characters. * '''Mathematical Operators''' (U+2200-U+22FF), containing 242 characters. * '''Miscellaneous Technical''' (U+2300-U+23FF), containing 43 characters. * '''Control Pictures''' '''(formerly called Pictures for Control Codes)''' (U+2400-U+243F), containing 37 characters. * '''Optical Character Recognition''' (U+2440-U+245F), containing 11 characters. * '''Enclosed Alphanumerics''' (U+2460-U+24FF), containing 139 characters. * '''Box Drawing''' '''(formerly called Form and Chart Components)''' (U+2500-U+257F), containing 128 characters. * '''Block Elements''' '''(formerly called Blocks)''' (U+2580-U+259F), containing 22 characters. * '''Geometric Shapes''' (U+25A0-U+25FF), containing 79 characters. * '''Miscellaneous Symbols''' '''(formerly called Miscellaneous Dingbats)''' (U+2600-U+26FF), containing 106 characters. * '''Dingbats''' '''(formerly called Zapf Dingbats)''' (U+2700-U+27BF), containing 160 characters. * '''CJK Symbols and Punctuation''' (U+3000-U+303F), containing 56 characters. * '''Hiragana''' (U+3040-U+309F), containing 90 characters. * '''Katakana''' (U+30A0-U+30FF), containing 90 characters. * '''Bopomofo''' (U+3100-U+312F), containing 40 characters. * '''Hangul Compatibility Jamo (formerly called Hangul Elements)''' (U+3130-U+318F), containing 94 characters. * '''Kanbun''' '''(formerly called CJK Miscellaneous)''' (U+3190-U+31FF), containing 16 characters. * '''Enclosed CJK Letters and Months''' '''(formerly called Enclosed CJK Letters and Ideographs)''' (U+3200-U+32FF), containing 191 characters. * '''CJK Compatibility''' '''(formerly called CJK Squared Words for U+3300-U+337F and CJK Squared Abbreviations for U+3380-33FF)''' (U+3300-U+33FF), containing 187 characters. * '''Hangul''' (U+3400-U+3D2D), containing 2,350 characters. * '''Private Use Area''' (U+E800-U+FDFF), reserved for 5,632 characters. * '''CJK Compatibility Forms''' '''(formerly called CNS 11643 Compatibility)''' (U+FE30-U+FE4F), containing 28 characters. * '''Small Form Variants''' '''(formerly called Small Variants)''' (U+FE50-U+FE6F), containing 26 characters. * '''Arabic Presentation Forms-B''' '''(formerly called Basic Glyphs for Arabic Language)''' (U+FE70-U+FEFF), containing 140 characters. * '''Halfwidth and Fullwidth Forms''' '''(formerly called Halfwidth and Fullwidth Variants)''' (U+FF00-U+FFEF), containing 216 characters. * '''Specials''' '''(formerly called Special)''' (U+FFF0-U+FFFF), containing 1 character. == Unicode 1.0.1 == Unicode 1.0.1 was released June 1992. It encoded 28,292 characters, adding 21,204 new characters and removing 6 characters, for a net increase of 21,198 characters. === New blocks === * '''CJK Unified Ideographs''' (U+4E00-U+9FFF), containing 20,902 Han Ideographs for Chinese, Japanese and Korean, was added. * '''CJK Compatibility Ideographs''' (U+F900-U+FAFF), containing 302 Han Ideographs for compatibility with existing character sets, was added. * '''Alphabetic Presentation Forms''' (U+FB00-U+FB4F), containing 1 moved character, was added. === Extended blocks === * Some more space (total 2048 characters) was added to the '''Private Use Area'''. (U+E000-U+E7FF) === Removed blocks === * '''Tibetan''', containing 71 letters for the Tibetan script, was removed from the Unicode standard as the US, UK, and China couldn't agree on an encoding method. === Removed characters === * Lowercase historic letters and unified diacritical marks (total 7 characters) were removed from '''Greek and Coptic'''. (U+0371-U+0372, U+0384, U+03DB, U+03DD, U+03DF, and U+03E1). U+0371 was unified with U+0314, U+0372 with U+0313, and U+0384 with U+030D. * Letters Ka and Kha with Ogonek (total 4 characters) were removed from '''Cyrillic'''. (U+04C5-U+04C6 and U+04C9-U+04CA) * APL Compose Operator and APL Out (total 2 characters) were removed from '''Miscellaneous Technical'''. (U+2300-U+2301) * Phonetic Order Vowel Signs (total 5 characters) were removed from '''Thai'''. (U+0E70-U+0E74) * Phonetic Order Vowel Signs (total 5 characters) were removed from '''Lao'''. (U+0EF0-U+0EF4) * An Ideographic Ditto Mark (total 1 character) was removed from '''CJK Symbols and Punctuation''' (U+3004) and merged with U+4EDD. * Some space (total 1536 characters) was removed from the '''Private Use Area'''. (U+F900-U+FDFF) === Rearranged blocks=== *'''Circled Katakana:''' ''The characters will be arranged in modern order: e.g., A, I, U, E, O, KA, KI'' (U+32D0-U+32FE) *'''Basic Glyphs For Arabic Language:''' ''The character shapes will be arranged in different order: Isolate, Final, Initial and Medial'' (U+FE80-FEFC) === Rearranged characters === * Non-spacing diaeresis tonos was moved from '''Greek and Coptic''' (U+0385) to '''Combining Diacritical Marks''' (U+0344) * Non-spacing iota below was moved from '''Greek and Coptic''' (U+0370) to '''Combining Diacritical Marks''' (U+0345). * Greek question mark was moved in '''Greek''' from U+03D7 to U+037E. * Numeral signs were moved in '''Greek''' from U+03D8-U+03D9 to U+0374-U+0375. * Spacing tonos and diaeresis tonos were moved in '''Greek''' from U+03F3-U+03F4 to U+0384-U+0385. * Spacing iota below was moved in '''Greek''' from U+03F5 to U+037A. * Point Varika was moved from '''Hebrew''' (U+05F5) to the new '''Alphabetic Presentation Forms''' block. (U+FB1E) * Japanese Industrial Standard symbol (〄) was moved from '''Enclosed CJK Letters and Months''' (U+32FF) to '''CJK Symbols and Punctuation'''. (U+3004) === Characters with semantics changed === *'''Zero Width Non-Joiner''' [ZWNJ] (U+20DC) *'''Zero Width Joiner''' [ZWJ] (U+20DD) == Unicode 1.1 == Unicode 1.1 was released June 1993. It encoded 34,168 characters, adding 5,969 new characters and removing 93 characters, for a net increase of 5,876 characters. It finalized the long anticipated Han Unification. === New blocks === * '''Hangul Jamo''' (U+1100-U+11FF), containing 240 ''jamo'' for the Hangul script, was added. * '''Latin Extended Additional''' (U+1E00-U+1EFF), containing 245 precomposed characters for transliteration and Vietnamese, was added. * '''Greek Extended''' (U+1F00-U+1FFF), containing 233 precomposed characters for polytonic Greek, was added. * '''Hangul Supplementary-A''' (U+3D2E-U+44B7), containing 1,930 precomposed syllables for the Hangul script, was added. * '''Hangul Supplementary-B''' (U+44B8-U+4DFF), containing 2,376 precomposed syllables for the Hangul script, was added. * '''Arabic Presentation Forms-A''' (U+FB50-U+FDFF), containing 593 combinations of Arabic letters, was added. * '''Combining Half Marks''' (U+FE20-U+FE2F), containing 4 halves of diacritical marks, was added. === Extended blocks === * The long S (ſ) (total 1 character) was added to '''Latin Extended-A'''. (U+017F) * The Hungarian Dz, characters for transliteration purposes and precomposed characters with double grave and inverted breve (total 35 characters) were added to '''Latin Extended-B''' (U+01F1-U+01F5 and U+01FA-U+0217). The block was expanded from (U+0180-U+01FF) to (U+0180-U+024F) * Diacritics for polytonic Greek and double width diacritics (total 6 characters) were added to '''Combining Diacritical Marks'''. (U+0342-U+0345 and U+0360-U+0361) * Compatibility character now deprecated, Ano Teleia, and letter jot (total 2 characters) were added to '''Greek and Coptic''' (U+0387 and U+03F3). * Additional characters for non-Slavic languages (total 38 characters) were added to '''Cyrillic'''. (U+04D0-U+04EB, U+04EE-U+04F5 and U+04F8-U+04F9) * A ligature of Ech and Yiwn (և) (total 1 character) was added to '''Armenian'''. (U+0587) * One deprecated compatibility character and several characters for biblical texts (total 25 characters) were added to '''Arabic'''. (U+066D and U+06D6-U+06ED) * A sign Virama (total 1 character) was added to '''Gurmukhi''' (U+0A4D). * Letters Candra O and E (total 3 characters) were added to '''Gujarati'''. (U+0A8D, U+0A91 and U+0AC9) * An Ai Length mark (total 1 character) was added to '''Oriya'''. (U+0B56) * An undertie, a pair of brackets and six formatting characters now deprecated (total 9 characters) were added to '''General Punctuation'''. (U+203F, U+2045-U+2046 and U+206A-U+206F) * Some additional symbols and the complete set of APL functional symbols (total 79 characters) were added to '''Miscellaneous Technical'''. (U+2300 and U+232D-U+237A) * A large circle (◯) (total 1 character) was added to '''Geometric Shapes'''. (U+25EF) * The ideographic telegraph line feed separator symbol (〷) (total 1 character) was added to '''CJK Symbols and Punctuation'''. (U+3037) * Four Katakana letters not in use since 1945 (total 4 characters) were added to '''Katakana'''. (U+30F7-U+30FA) * Ideographic telegraph symbols for the twelve months (total 12 characters) were added to '''Enclosed CJK Letters and Months'''. (U+32C0-U+32CB) * Ideographic telegraph symbols for hours and days and six additional measure units (total 62 characters) were added to '''CJK Compatibility'''. (U+3358-U+3376 and U+33E0-U+33FE) * Precomposed characters and ligatures (total 56 characters) were added to '''Alphabetic Presentation Forms''' (U+FB00-U+FB06, U+FB13-U+FB17, U+FB1F-U+FB36, U+FB38-U+FB3C, U+FB3E, U+FB40-U+FB41, U+FB43-U+FB44 and U+FB46-U+FB4F). * Seven halfwidth geometric shapes (total 7 characters) were added to '''Halfwidth and Fullwidth Forms'''. (U+FFE8-U+FFEE) == Unicode 2.0 == Unicode 2.0 was released July 1996. It encoded 38,885 characters, adding 11,373 new characters and removing 6,656 characters, for a net increase of 4,717 characters. This was the first Unicode version to reserve blocks outside of the Basic Multilingual Plane. === New blocks === * '''Hangul Syllables''' (U+AC00-U+D7AF), containing 11,172 precomposed syllables for the Hangul script, was added. * '''High Surrogates''' (U+D800-U+DB7F), setting aside 896 codepoints for encoding UTF-16 surrogate pairs, was added. * '''High Private Use Surrogates''' (U+DB80-U+DBFF), setting aside 128 codepoints for encoding UTF-16 surrogate pairs, was added. * '''Low Surrogates''' (U+DC00-U+DFFF), setting aside 1,024 codepoints for encoding UTF-16 surrogate pairs, was added. * '''Supplementary Private Use Area-A''' (U+F0000-U+FFFFF), reserving 65,534 characters for private use, was added. * '''Supplementary Private Use Area-B''' (U+100000-U+10FFFF), reserving 65,534 characters for private use, was added. === Reinstated blocks === * '''Tibetan''' (U+0F00-U+0FFF), now containing 168 characters for the Tibetan script including religious signs, was readded. === Removed blocks === * '''Hangul''', containing 2,350 precomposed syllables for the Hangul script, was removed from the Unicode standard. * '''Hangul Supplementary-A''', containing 1,930 precomposed syllables for the Hangul script, was removed from the Unicode standard. * '''Hangul Supplementary-B''', containing 2,376 precomposed syllables for the Hangul script, was removed from the Unicode standard. === Extended blocks === * Cantillation marks for use in religious texts (total 31 characters) were added to '''Hebrew'''. (U+0591-U+05A1, U+05A3-U+05AF and U+05C4) * A long S with Dot Above (total 1 character) was added to '''Latin Extended Additional'''. (U+1E9B) * A Vietnamese Dong sign (total 1 character) was added to '''Currency Symbols'''. (U+20AB) == Unicode 2.1 == Unicode 2.1 was released May 1998. It encoded 38,887 characters, adding only 2 new characters. === Extended blocks === * A Euro sign (total 1 character) was added to '''Currency Symbols'''. (U+20AC) * An Object Replacement Character (total 1 character) was added to '''Specials'''. (U+FFFC) == Unicode 3.0 == Unicode 3.0 was released September 1999. It was a big update and encoded 49,194 characters, adding 10,307 new characters. === New blocks === * '''Syriac''' (U+0700-U+074F), containing 71 characters used for writing in Syriac script, was added. * '''Thaana''' (U+0780-U+07BF), containing 49 characters used for writing in Thaana script, was added. * '''Sinhala''' (U+0D80-U+0DFF), containing 80 characters for the Sinhala script, was added. * '''Myanmar''' (U+1000-U+109F), containing 78 characters for the Burmese script, was added. * '''Ethiopic''' (U+1200-U+137F), containing 345 syllables and punctuation marks for the Ethiopic script, was added. * '''Cherokee''' (U+13A0-U+13FF), containing 85 syllables for the Cherokee script, was added. * '''Unified Canadian Aboriginal Syllabics''' (U+1400-U+167F), containing 630 syllables and punctuation marks for writing in indigenous languages of Canada, was added. * '''Ogham''' (U+1680-U+169F), containing 29 characters for the ancient Ogham script, was added. * '''Runic''' (U+16A0-U+16FF), containing 81 characters for the Germanic runes, was added. * '''Khmer''' (U+1780-U+17FF), containing 103 characters for the Khmer script, was added. * '''Mongolian''' (U+1800-U+18AF), containing 155 characters for the classical Mongolian script, was added. * '''Braille Patterns''' (U+2800-U+28FF), containing 256 Braille letters, was added. * '''CJK Radicals Supplement''' (U+2E80-U+2EFF), containing 115 non-Kangxi radicals, was added. * '''Kangxi Radicals''' (U+2F00-U+2FDF), containing 214 radicals from the Kangxi dictionary, was added. * '''Ideographic Description Characters''' (U+2FF0-U+2FFF), containing 12 characters used to describe a Han ideograph not available in the font, was added. * '''Bopomofo Extended''' (U+31A0-U+31BF), containing 24 characters used for phonetic transcription of minority languages of Taiwan, was added. * '''CJK Unified Ideographs Extension A''' (U+3400-U+4DBF), containing 6,582 additional Han Ideographs, was added. * '''Yi Syllables''' (U+A000-U+A48F), containing 1,165 syllables of the modern Yi script, was added. * '''Yi Radicals''' (U+A490-U+A4CF), containing 50 radicals of Yi Syllables, was added. === Extended blocks === * Additional precomposed characters, letters and capital letters of lowercase-only letters (total 30 characters) were added to '''Latin Extended-B'''. (U+01F6-U+01F9, U+0218-U+021F and U+0222-U+0233) * Extensions for disordered speech (total 5 characters) were added to '''IPA Extensions'''. (U+02A9-U+02AD) * Some additional modifier letters (total 6 characters) were added to '''Spacing Modifier Letters'''. (U+02DF and U+02EA-U+02EE) * Additional combining diacritics for IPA (total 10 characters) were added to '''Combining Diacritical Marks'''. (U+0346-U+034E and U+0362) * Lowercase versions of archaic letters and the Kai symbol (total 5 characters) were added to '''Greek and Coptic'''. (U+03D7, U+03DB, U+03DD, U+03DF and U+03E1) * Nonstandard letters for Macedonian, combining numeral signs and three letters for Kildin Sami (total 12 characters) were added to '''Cyrillic'''. (U+0400, U+040D, U+0450, U+045D, U+0488-U+0489, U+048C-U+048F and U+04EC-U+04ED) * A Hyphen (total 1 character) was added to '''Armenian'''. (U+058A) * Combining hamza and maddah and nine additional Arabic characters (total 12 characters) were added to '''Arabic'''. (U+0653-U+0655, U+06B8-U+06B9, U+06BF, U+06CF and U+06FA-U+06FE) * Additional letters and religious symbols (total 25 characters) were added to '''Tibetan'''. (U+0F6A, U+0F96, U+0FAE-U+0FB0, U+0FB8, U+0FBA-U+0FBC, U+0FBE-U+0FCC and U+0FCF) * A narrow no-break space and 6 additional punctuation marks (total 7 characters) were added to '''General Punctuation'''. (U+202F and U+2048-U+204D) * The Kip, Tugrik and Drachma sign (total 3 characters) were added to '''Currency Symbols'''. (U+20AD-U+20AF) * An enclosing screen and an enclosing key (total 2 characters) were added to '''Combining Diacritical Marks for Symbols'''. (U+20E2-U+20E3) * The information symbol and a rotated Q (total 2 characters) were added to '''Letterlike Symbols'''. (U+2139-U+213A) * A mirrored Roman capital numeral hundred (Ↄ) (total 1 character) was added to '''Number Forms'''. (U+2183) * Some additional arrows (total 9 characters) were added to '''Arrows'''. (U+21EB-U+21F3) * Some additional technical symbols, including common keys on a 101 keyboard (total 33 characters) were added to '''Miscellaneous Technical'''. (U+2301, U+237B and U+237D-U+239A) * Two additional control pictures (total 2 characters) were added to '''Control Pictures'''. (U+2425-U+2426) * Squares and circles with quadrants (total 8 characters) were added to '''Geometric Shapes'''. (U+25F0-U+25F7) * Two Syriac crosses and a signature mark (total 3 characters) were added to '''Miscellaneous Symbols'''. (U+2619 and U+2670-U+2671) * Three Hangzhou numerals and a variation indicator (total 4 characters) were added to '''CJK Symbols and Punctuation'''. (U+3038-U+303A and U+303E) * A ligature Yod with Hiriq (יִ) (total 1 character) was added to '''Alphabetic Presentation Forms'''. (U+FB1D) * Three additional control characters for ruby markup (total 3 characters) were added to '''Specials'''. (U+FFF9-U+FFFB) == Unicode 3.1 == Unicode 3.1 was released March 2001. It encoded 94,140 characters, adding 44,946 new characters, and mainly focused on blocks outside of the Basic Multilingual Plane. === New blocks === * '''Old Italic''' (U+10300-U+1032F), containing 35 letters for the Etruscan script, was added. * '''Gothic''' (U+10330-U+1034F), containing 27 letters for the Gothic script, was added. * '''Deseret''' (U+10400-U+1044F), containing 76 letters for the constructed Deseret script, was added. * '''Byzantine Musical Symbols''' (U+1D000-U+1D0FF), containing 246 symbols for musical notation in Byzantine, was added. * '''Musical Symbols''' (U+1D100-U+1D1FF), containing 219 characters for current musical notation, was added. * '''Mathematical Alphanumeric Symbols''' (U+1D400-U+1D7FF), containing 991 Latin and Greek letters in serif, sans-serif, bold, italic, double-struck, script and Fraktur/Blackletter, was added. * '''CJK Unified Ideographs Extension B''' (U+20000-U+2A6DF), containing 42,711 additional Chinese Ideographs, was added. * '''CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement''' (U+2F800-U+2FA1F), containing 542 additional Chinese Ideographs for compatibility purposes, was added. * '''Tags''', containing 97 language tags, was added. (U+E0000-U+E007F) === Extended noncharacters === * The Noncharacters range: U+FDD0..U+FDEF were added to '''Arabic Presentation Forms-A'''. === Extended blocks === * The capital Theta symbol and the Lunate Epsilon symbol (total 2 characters) were added to '''Greek and Coptic'''. (U+03F4-U+03F5) === Characters and Scripts Under Investigation or Rejected === * Khmer Sign Laak Was Rejected. (U+17DD) From '''Khmer.''' * Georgian Letter U-Brjuu Was Rejected. From '''Georgian.''' == Unicode 3.2 == Unicode 3.2 was released March 2002. It encoded 95,156 characters, adding 1,016 new characters. === New blocks === * '''Cyrillic Supplementary (now Cyrillic Supplement)''' (U+0500-U+052F), containing 16 characters used for the Komi language, was added. * '''Tagalog''' (U+1700-U+171F), containing 20 characters for the Baybayin script, was added. * '''Hanunoo''' (U+1720-U+173F), containing 23 characters and punctuation for the Hanunó'o script, was added. * '''Buhid''' (U+1740-U+175F), containing 20 characters for the Buhid script, was added. * '''Tagbanwa''' (U+1760-U+177F), containing 18 characters for the Tagbanwa script, was added. * '''Miscellaneous Mathematical Symbols-A''' (U+27C0-U+27EF), containing 28 symbols used in math notation, was added. * '''Supplemental Arrows-A''' (U+27F0-U+27FF), containing 16 additional arrows, was added. * '''Supplemental Arrows-B''' (U+2900-U+297F), containing 128 special arrows, was added. * '''Miscellaneous Mathematical Symbols-B''' (U+2980-U+29FF), containing 128 additional mathematical symbols, was added. * '''Supplemental Mathematical Operators''' (U+2A00-U+2AFF), containing 256 additional mathematical operators, was added. * '''Katakana Phonetic Extensions''' (U+31F0-U+31FF), containing 16 Katakana letters used for Ainu, was added. * '''Variation Selectors''' (U+FE00-U+FE0F), containing 16 symbols used for indicating variations, was added. === Extended blocks === * A capital letter N with Long Right Leg (total 1 character) was added to '''Latin Extended-B'''. (U+0220) * The combining grapheme joiner and combining Latin letters used in medieval texts (total 14 characters) were added to '''Combining Diacritical Marks'''. (U+034F and U+0363-U+036F) * The Qoppa and a reversed lunate epsilon symbol (total 3 characters) were added to '''Greek and Coptic'''. (U+03D8-U+03D9 and U+03F6) * Four additional letters used for the Kildin Sami language (total 8 characters) were added to '''Cyrillic'''. (U+048A-U+048B, U+04C5-U+04C6, U+04C9-U+04CA and U+04CD-U+04CE) * A dotless Beh and a dotless Qaf (total 2 characters) were added to '''Arabic'''. (U+066E-U+066F) * A Letter for Addu dialect (total 1 character) was added to '''Thaana'''. (U+07B1) * The letters Yn and Elifi (total 2 characters) were added to '''Georgian'''. (U+10F7-U+10F8) * Some additional punctuation marks and control characters (total 12 characters) were added to '''General Punctuation'''. (U+2047, U+204E-U+2052, U+2057 and U+205F-U+2063) * A superscript letter I (total 1 character) was added to '''Superscripts and Subscripts'''. (U+2071) * German Penny and Peso sign (total 2 characters) were added to '''Currency Symbols'''. (U+20B0-U+20B1) * Some additional combining characters (total 7 characters) were added to '''Combining Diacritical Marks for Symbols'''. (U+20E4-U+20EA) * Some double-struck and reversed/turned letters (total 15 characters) were added to '''Letterlike Symbols'''. (U+213D-U+214B) * Some additional arrows (total 12 characters) were added to '''Arrows'''. (U+21F4-U+21FF) * Some additional mathematical operators (total 14 characters) were added to '''Mathematical Operators'''. (U+22F2-U+22FF) * Variable-width and additional symbols (total 53 characters) were added to '''Miscellaneous Technical'''. (U+237C and U+239B-U+23CE) * Black and double circled numerals (total 20 characters) were added to '''Enclosed Alphanumerics'''. U+24EB-U+24FE) * Quadrant elements (total 10 characters) were added to '''Block Elements'''. (U+2596-U+259F) * Some additional triangles and squares (total 8 characters) were added to '''Geometric Shapes'''. (U+25F8-U+25FF) * Shogi pieces ,recycling symbols, dices and dotted circles (total 24 characters) were added to '''Miscellaneous Symbols'''. (U+2616-U+2617, U+2672-U+267D and U+2680-U+2689) * Additional parenthesis (total 14 characters) were added to '''Dingbats'''. (U+2768-U+2775) * Three additional marks (total 3 characters) were added to '''CJK Symbols and Punctuation'''. (U+303B-U+303D) * A digraph and two additional characters (total 3 characters) were added to '''Hiragana'''. (U+3095-U+3096 and U+309F) * A digraph and a double hyphen (total 2 characters) were added to '''Katakana'''. (U+30A0 and U+30FF) * Additional circled numerals (total 30 characters) were added to '''Enclosed CJK Letters and Months'''. (U+3251-U+325F and U+32B1-U+32BF * Five missing radicals (total 5 characters) were added to '''Yi Radicals'''. (U+A4A2-U+A4A3, U+A4B4, U+A4C1, U+A4C5) * Additional compatibility characters (total 59 characters) were added to '''CJK Compatibility Ideographs'''. (U+FA30-U+FA6A) * A Rial sign (total 1 character) was added to '''Arabic Presentation Forms-A'''. (U+FDFC) * Two sesame dots (total 2 characters) were added to '''CJK Compatibility Forms'''. (U+FE45-U+FE46) * A tail fragment (total 1 character) was added to '''Arabic Presentation Forms-B'''. (U+FE73) * A pair of double parenthesis (total 2 characters) was added to '''Halfwidth and Fullwidth Forms'''. (U+FF5F-U+FF60) == Unicode 4.0 == Unicode 4.0 was released April 2003. It encoded 96,382 characters, adding 1,226 new characters. === New blocks === * '''Limbu''' (U+1900-U+194F), containing 66 characters for the Limbu abugida, was added. * '''Tai Le''' (U+1950-U+197F), containing 35 letters for the Tai Le script, was added. * '''Khmer Symbols''' (U+19E0-U+19FF), containing 32 symbols for the lunar calendar, was added. * '''Phonetic Extensions''' (U+1D00-U+1D7F), containing 108 letters used in phonetic transcription, was added. * '''Miscellaneous Symbols and Arrows''' (U+2B00-U+2BFF), containing 14 additional arrows, was added. * '''Yijing Hexagram Symbols''' (U+4DC0-U+4DFF), containing 64 hexagrams, was added. * '''Linear B Syllabary''' (U+10000-U+1007F), containing 88 syllables of the ancient Linear B script, was added. * '''Linear B Ideograms''' (U+10080-U+100FF), containing 123 ideograms of the ancient Linear B script, was added. * '''Aegean Numbers''' (U+10100-U+1013F), containing 57 numerals used in the Aegean area, was added. * '''Ugaritic''' (U+10380-U+1039F), containing 31 characters used in Ugaritic cuneiform, was added. * '''Shavian''' (U+10450-U+1047F), containing 48 letters used for the artificial Shavian script, was added. * '''Osmanya''' (U+10480-U+104AF), containing 40 characters used in the artificial Osmanya script, was added. * '''Cypriot Syllabary''' (U+10800-U+1083F), containing 55 characters formerly used on Cyprus, was added. * '''Tai Xuan Jing Symbols''' (U+1D300-U+1D35F), containing 87 symbols of Tai Xuan Jing, was added. * '''Variation Selectors Supplement''' (U+E0100-U+E01EF), containing 240 additional variation selectors, was added. === Extended blocks === * Letters with curl used in Sinology (total 4 characters) were added to '''Latin Extended-B'''. (U+0221 and U+0234-U+0236) * Former IPA letters (total 2 characters) were added to '''IPA Extensions'''. (U+02AE-U+02AF) * Some additional characters (total 17 characters) were added to '''Spacing Modifier Letters'''. (U+02EF-U+02FF) * Additional combining double-width diacritics and diacritics corresponding to their spacing equivalent (total 11 characters) were added to '''Combining Diacritical Marks'''. (U+0350-U+0357 and U+035D-U+035F) * The archaic letters Sho and San and the capital Lunate Sigma (total 5 characters) were added to '''Greek and Coptic'''. (U+03F7-U+03FB) * Some additional markers, biblical signs, and letters with inverted V (total 19 characters) were added to '''Arabic'''. (U+0600-U+0603, U+060D-U+0615, U+0656-U+0658, U+06EE-U+06EF and U+06FF) * Letters used for foreign words from Persian and Sogdian (total 6 characters) were added to '''Syriac'''. (U+072D-U+072F and U+074D-U+074F) * The short A (ऄ) (total 1 character) was added to '''Devanagari'''. (U+0904) * The Avagraha sign (ঽ) (total 1 character) was added to '''Bengali'''. (U+09BD) * The Adak Bindi and Visarga signs (total 2 characters) were added to '''Gurmukhi'''. (U+0A01 and U+0A03) * The vocalic l and ll and the Rupee sign (total 5 characters) were added to '''Gujarati'''. (U+0A8C and U+0AF1-U+0AF3) * The letters Va and Wa (total 2 characters) were added to '''Oriya'''. (U+0B35 and U+0B71) * Additional signs for date and finance environments (total 8 characters) were added to '''Tamil'''. (U+0BF3-U+0BFA) * The Nukta and Avagraha signs (total 2 characters) were added to '''Kannada'''. (U+0CBC-U+0CBD) * Some symbols and signs (total 11 characters) were added to '''Khmer'''. (U+17DD and U+17F0-U+17F9) * An inverted undertie and a swung dash (total 2 characters) were added to '''General Punctuation'''. (U+2053-U+2054) * The facsimile sign (℻) (total 1 character) was added to '''Letterlike Symbols'''. (U+213B) * The eject symbol and a vertical line (total 2 characters) were added to '''Miscellaneous Technical'''. (U+23CF-U+23D0) * A black circled digit zero (⓿) (total 1 character) was added to '''Enclosed Alphanumerics'''. (U+24FF) * Monograms and diagrams, flags, warning and weather symbols and a cup of tea (total 12 characters) were added to '''Miscellaneous Symbols'''. (U+2614-U+2615, U+268A-U+2691 and U+26A0-U+26A1) * Additional parenthesized and circled Korean characters and supplemental signs (total 9 characters) were added to '''Enclosed CJK Letters and Months'''. (U+321D-U+321E, U+3250, U+327C-U+327D and U+32CC-U+32CF) * Additional measure units (total 7 characters) were added to '''CJK Compatibility'''. (U+3377-U+337A, U+33DE-U+33DF and U+33FF) * An additional Arabic sign (﷽) (total 1 character) was added to '''Arabic Presentation Forms-A'''. (U+FDFD) * A pair of vertical parenthesis (total 2 characters) was added to '''CJK Compatibility Forms'''. (U+FE47-U+FE48) * The letters Oi and Ew (total 4 characters) were added to '''Deseret'''. (U+10426-U+10427 and U+1044E-U+1044F) * A small script l (ℓ) (total 1 character) was added to '''Mathematical Alphanumeric Symbols'''. (U+1D4C1) == Unicode 4.1 == Unicode 4.1 was released on March 31st, 2005. It encoded 97,655 characters, adding 1,273 new characters. === New blocks === * '''Arabic Supplement''' (U+0750-U+077F), containing 30 characters for various languages written with the Arabic script, was added. * '''Ethiopic Supplement''' (U+1380-U+139F), containing 26 characters and signs for Sebatbeit, was added. * '''New Tai Lue''' (U+1980-U+19DF), containing 80 characters for the New Tai Lue script, was added. * '''Buginese''' (U+1A00-U+1A1F), containing 30 characters for the Lontara script, was added. * '''Phonetic Extensions Supplement''' (U+1D80-U+1DBF), containing 64 additional letters for phonetic transcription, was added. * '''Combining Diacritical Marks Supplement''' (U+1DC0-U+1DFF), containing 4 additional diacritics, was added. * '''Glagolitic''' (U+2C00-U+2C5F), containing 94 characters for the Glagolitic script, was added. * '''Coptic''' (U+2C80-U+2CFF), containing 114 characters for the Coptic script, was added. * '''Georgian Supplement''' (U+2D00-U+2D2F), containing 38 Nuskhuri letters, was added. * '''Tifinagh''' (U+2D30-U+2D7F), containing 55 characters for the Tifinagh script, was added. * '''Ethiopic Extended''' (U+2D80-U+2DDF), containing 79 additional Ethiopic syllables, was added. * '''Supplemental Punctuation''' (U+2E00-U+2E7F), containing 26 additional punctuation marks, was added. * '''CJK Strokes''' (U+31C0-U+31CF), containing 16 strokes for Han Ideographs, was added. * '''Modifier Tone Letters''' (U+A700-U+A71F), containing 23 letters for Chinese tones, was added. * '''Syloti Nagri''' (U+A800-U+A82F), containing 44 characters for the Syloti Nagri abugida, was added. * '''Vertical Forms''' (U+FE10-U+FE1F), containing 10 punctuation marks suited for vertical text, was added. * '''Ancient Greek Numbers''' (U+10140-U+1018F), containing 75 numerals and signs used in Ancient Greek, was added. * '''Old Persian''' (U+103A0-U+103DF), containing 50 characters for Old Persian cuneiform, was added. * '''Kharoshthi''' (U+10A00-U+10A5F), containing 65 characters for the Kharoshthi abugida, was added. * '''Ancient Greek Musical Notation''' (U+1D200-U+1D24F), containing 70 musical signs used in Ancient Greek, was added. === Extended blocks === * Letters for Sencoten, digraphs, letters with swash tail and other additions (total 11 characters) were added to '''Latin Extended-B'''. (U+0237-U+0241) * Additional diacritics for transliteration (total 5 characters) were added to '''Combining Diacritical Marks'''. (U+0358-U+035C) * Rho with stroke, reversed and dotted Lunate Sigma (total 4 characters) were added to '''Greek and Coptic'''. (U+03FC-U+03FF) * Ghe with descender (Ӷ) (total 2 characters) was added to '''Cyrillic'''. (U+04F6-U+04F7) * An additional biblical mark and some punctuation marks (total 4 characters) were added to '''Hebrew'''. (U+05A2 and U+05C5-U+05C7) * Additional biblical marks, punctuation marks and the Afghani sign (total 8 characters) were added to '''Arabic'''. (U+060B, U+061E, and U+0659-U+065E) * A glottal stop (ॽ) (total 1 character) was added to '''Devanagari'''. (U+097D) * The Khanda Ta letter (ৎ) (total 1 character) was added to '''Bengali'''. (U+09CE) * The letter Sha and the digit zero (total 2 characters) were added to '''Tamil'''. (U+0BB6 and U+0BE6) * Two marks used in Bhutan (total 2 characters) were added to '''Tibetan'''. (U+0FD0-U+0FD1) * Two letters and a modifier letter (total 3 characters) were added to '''Georgian'''. (U+10F9-U+10FA and U+10FC) * Some additional syllables (total 11 characters) were added to '''Ethiopic'''. (U+1207, U+1247, U+1287, U+12AF, U+12CF, U+12EF, U+130F, U+131F, U+1347, U+135F, and U+1360) * Additional phonetic symbols (total 20 characters) were added to '''Phonetic Extensions'''. (U+1D6C-U+1D7F) * A flower and dot punctuation marks (total 9 characters) were added to '''General Punctuation'''. (U+2055-U+2056 and U+2058-U+205E) * Additional subscript letters (total 5 characters) were added to '''Superscripts and Subscripts'''. (U+2090-U+2094) * The Guarani, Austral, Hryvnia and Cedi signs (total 4 characters) were added to '''Currency Symbols'''. (U+20B2-U+20B5) * A combining long double solidus (total 1 character) was added to '''Combining Diacritical Marks for Symbols'''. (U+20EB) * The per sign and a double-struck letter Pi (total 2 characters) were added to '''Letterlike Symbols'''. (U+213C and U+214C) * Metrical and electrical signs (total 11 characters) were added to '''Miscellaneous Technical'''. (U+23D1-U+23DB) * Additional gender and map symbols (total 30 characters) were added to '''Miscellaneous Symbols'''. (U+2618, U+267E-U+267F, U+2692-U+269C, and U+26A2-U+26B1) * Some additional mathematical symbols (total 7 characters) were added to '''Miscellaneous Mathematical Symbols-A'''. (U+27C0-U+27C6) * Additional arrows and squares (total 6 characters) were added to '''Miscellaneous Symbols and Arrows'''. (U+2B0E-U+2B1D) * A circled Hangul character (㉾) (total 1 character) was added to '''Enclosed CJK Letters and Months'''. (U+327E) * Additional Han Ideographs (total 22 characters) were added to '''CJK Unified Ideographs'''. (U+9FA6-U+9FBB) * Additional Compatibility Ideographs (total 106 characters) were added to '''CJK Compatibility Ideographs'''. (U+FA70-U+FAD9) * Italic dotless small i and j (total 2 characters) were added to '''Mathematical Alphanumeric Symbols'''. (U+1D6A4-U+1D6A5) == Unicode 5.0 == Unicode 5.0 was released on July 14th, 2006. It encoded 99,024 characters, adding 1,369 new characters. === New blocks === * '''N'Ko''' (U+07C0-U+07FF), containing 59 characters for the N'Ko script, was added. * '''Balinese''' (U+1B00-U+1B7F), containing 121 characters and musical signs for the Balinese abugida, was added. * '''Latin Extended-C''' (U+2C60-U+2C7F), containing 17 letters for various languages, was added. * '''Latin Extended-D''' (U+A720-U+A7FF), containing 2 characters for UPA, was added. * '''Phags-pa''' (U+A840-U+A87F), containing 56 characters for the Phags-pa script, was added. * '''Phoenician''' (U+10900-U+1091F), containing 27 letters and numerals for the Phoenician script, was added. * '''Cuneiform''' (U+12000-U+123FF), containing 879 signs for Sumero-Akkadian Cuneiform, was added. * '''Cuneiform Numbers and Punctuation''' (U+12400-U+1247F), containing 103 numerals and punctuation signs for Sumero-Akkadian Cuneiform, was added. * '''Counting Rod Numerals''' (U+1D360-U+1D37F), containing 18 numerals used with counting rods, was added. === Extended blocks === * Various letters used mainly for aboriginal languages (total 14 characters) were added to '''Latin Extended-B'''. (U+0242-U+024F) * Lowercase lunate sigma symbols (total 3 characters) were added to '''Greek and Coptic'''. (U+037B-U+037D) * Lowercase palochka and 3 letters used in Nivkh (total 7 characters) were added to '''Cyrillic'''. (U+04CF and U+04FA-U+04FF) * Two letters used in Khanty and other languages (total 4 characters) were added to '''Cyrillic Supplement'''. (U+0510-U+0513) * A specific point meant for Vav (total 1 character) was added to '''Hebrew'''. (U+05BA) * Four letters used in Sindhi (total 4 characters) were added to '''Devanagari'''. (U+097B-U+097C and U+097E-U+097F) * Four letters used in Sanskrit (total 4 characters) were added to '''Kannada'''. (U+0CE2-U+0CE3 and U+0CF1-U+0CF2) * Additional IPA diacritics (total 9 characters) were added to '''Combining Diacritical Marks Supplement'''. (U+1DC4-U+1DCA) * Four combining arrows (total 4 characters) were added to '''Combining Diacritical Marks for Symbols'''. (U+20EC-U+20EF) * A danish symbol and a lowercase turned F (total 2 characters) were added to '''Letterlike Symbols'''. (U+214D-U+214E) * A lowercase reversed C (ↄ) (total 1 character) was added to '''Number Forms'''. (U+2184) * Vertical parenthesis, geometric forms and electrical symbols (total 12 characters) were added to '''Miscellaneous Technical'''. (U+23DC-U+23E7) * A neuter symbol (⚲) (total 1 character) was added to '''Miscellaneous Symbols'''. (U+26B2) * Four additional mathematical symbols (total 4 characters) were added to '''Miscellaneous Mathematical Symbols-A'''. (U+27C7-U+27CA) * Additional squares, pentagons and hexagons (total 11 characters) were added to '''Miscellaneous Symbols and Arrows'''. (U+2B14-U+2B1A and U+2B20-U+2B23) * Four additional tone letters used in Chinantec (total 4 characters) were added to '''Modifier Tone Letters'''. (U+A717-U+A71A) * Bold Digamma (𝟊/'''Ϝ''') (total 2 characters) was added to '''Mathematical Alphanumeric Symbols'''. (U+1D7CA-U+1D7CB) == Unicode 5.1 == Unicode 5.1 was released on April 4th, 2008. It encoded 100,648 characters, adding 1,624 new characters. === New blocks === * '''Sundanese''' (U+1B80-U+1BBF), containing 55 letters for Sundanese script, was added. * '''Lepcha''' (U+1C00-U+1C4F), containing 74 letters for Lepcha script, was added. * '''Ol Chiki''' (U+1C50-U+1C7F), containing 48 letters for Ol Chiki script, was added. * '''Cyrillic Extended-A''' (U+2DE0-U+2DFF), containing 32 letters for combining Cyrillic letters, was added. * '''Vai''' (U+A500-U+A63F), containing 300 letters for Vai script, was added. * '''Cyrillic Extended-B''' (U+A640-U+A69F), containing 78 letters for additional Cyrillic characters, was added. * '''Saurashtra''' (U+A880-U+A8DF), containing 81 letters for Saurashtra script, was added. * '''Kayah Li''' (U+A900-U+A92F), containing 48 letters for Kayah languages, was added. * '''Rejang''' (U+A930-U+A95F), containing 37 letters for Rejang script, was added. * '''Cham''' (U+AA00-U+AA5F), containing 83 letters for Cham script, was added. * '''Ancient Symbols''' (U+10190-U+101CF), containing 12 characters for weights and measures and other ancient symbols, was added. * '''Phaistos Disc''' (U+101D0-U+101FF), containing 46 hieroglyphs for Phaistos, was added. * '''Lycian''' (U+10280-U+1029F), containing 29 letters for Lycian script, was added. * '''Carian''' (U+102A0-U+102DF), containing 49 letters for Carian script, was added. * '''Lydian''' (U+10920-U+1093F), containing 27 letters for Lydian script, was added. * '''Mahjong Tiles''' (U+1F000-U+1F02F), containing 44 mahjong tiles, was added. * '''Domino Tiles''' (U+1F030-U+1F09F), containing 100 domino tiles, was added. === Extended blocks === * Archaic letters and capital kai symbol (total 7 characters) were added to '''Greek and Coptic'''. (U+0370-U+0373, U+0375-U+0376 and U+03CF) * Combining Pokrytie (total 1 character) was added to '''Cyrillic'''. (U+0487) * Mordvin, Kurdish, Aleut and Chuvash letters (total 16 characters) were added to '''Cyrillic Supplement'''. (U+0514-U+0523) * Radix symbols, Letterlike, punctuation, Koranic annotation signs and additions for early Persian and Azerbaijani (total 15 characters) were added to '''Arabic'''. (U+0606-U+060A, U+0616-U+061A and U+063B-U+063F) * Additional letters in Torwali, Burushaski and early Persian (total 18 characters) were added to '''Arabic Supplement'''. (U+076E-U+077F) * High spacing dot and candra a (total 2 characters) were added to '''Devanagari'''. (U+0971-U+0972) * Udaat and yakash signs (total 2 characters) were added to '''Gurmukhi'''. (U+0A51 and U+0A75) * Vocalic rr, l and ll (total 3 characters) were added to '''Oriya'''. (U+0B44 and U+0B62-U+0B63) * Om symbol (ௐ) (total 1 character) was added to '''Tamil'''. (U+0BD0) * Avagraha, additional phonetic letters, vocalic l and ll, fractional signs and tuumu (total 13 characters) were added to '''Telugu'''. (U+0C3D, U+0C58-U+0C59, U+0C62-U+0C63 and U+0C78-U+0C7F) * Avagraha, vocalic rr, l and ll, Malayalam numerics and fractions and chillu letters (total 17 characters) were added to '''Malayalam'''. (U+0D3D, U+0D44, U+0D62-U+0D63, U+0D70-U+0D75 and U+0D79-U+0D7F) * Letters for Balti and various symbols (total 6 characters) were added to '''Tibetan'''. (U+0F6B-U+0F6C, U+0FCE and U+0FD2-U+0FD4) * Characters for various languages (total 78 characters) were added to '''Myanmar'''. (U+1022, U+1028, U+102B, U+1033-U+1035, U+103A-U+103F, U+105A-U+1099 and U+109E-U+109F) * Manchu Ali Gali lha (ᢪ) (total 1 character) was added to '''Mongolian'''. (U+18AA) * Miscellaneous combining marks (total 28 characters) were added to '''Combining Diacritical Marks Supplement'''. (U+1DCB-U+1DE6) * Medievalist latin letters and miscellaneous letters (total 10 characters) were added to '''Latin Extended Additional'''. (U+1E9C-U+1E9F and U+1EFA-U+1EFF) * Invisible plus (+) (total 1 character) was added to '''General Punctuation'''. (U+2064) * Combining asterisk above ( ⃰)(total 1 character) was added to '''Combining Diacritical Marks for Symbols'''. (U+20F0) * Symbol for Samaritan Source (⅏) (total 1 character) was added to '''Letterlike Symbols'''. (U+214F) * Archaic Roman Numerals (total 4 characters) were added to '''Number Forms'''. (U+2185-U+2188) * Outlined white star and other signs (total 15 characters) were added to '''Miscellaneous Symbols'''. (U+269D, U+26B3-U+26BC and U+26C0-U+26C3) * Long division and additional mathematical brackets (total 5 characters) were added to '''Miscellaneous Mathematical Symbols-A'''. (U+27CC and U+27EC-U+27EF) * Miscellaneous signs (total 51 characters) were added to '''Miscellaneous Symbols and Arrows'''. (U+2B1B-U+2B1F, U+2B24-U+2B4C, and U+2B50-U+2B54) * Additional Latin letters (total 12 characters) were added to '''Latin Extended-C'''. (U+2C6D-U+2C6F, U+2C71-U+2C73, and U+2C78-U+2C7D) * Additional punctuation (total 23 characters) were added to '''Supplemental Punctuation'''. (U+2E18-U+2E1B and U+2E1E-U+2E30) * Letter ih (ㄭ) (total 1 character) was added to '''Bopomofo'''. (U+312D) * Other strokes (total 20 characters) were added to '''CJK Strokes'''. (U+31D0-U+31E3) * Miscellaneous additions (total 8 characters) were added to '''CJK Unified Ideographs'''. (U+9FBC-U+9FC3) * Africanist tone letters (total 5 characters) were added to '''Modifier Tone Letters'''. (U+A71B-U+A71F) * Miscellaneous letters and symbols (total 112 characters) were added to '''Latin Extended-D'''. (U+A722-U+A78C and U+A7FB-U+A7FF) * Continuous macrons for Coptic (total 3 characters) were added to '''Combining Half Marks'''. (U+FE24-U+FE26) * Musical symbol multiple measure rest (𝄩) (total 1 character) was added to '''Musical Symbols'''. (U+1D129) == Unicode 5.2 == Unicode 5.2 was released on October 1st, 2009. It encoded 107,296 characters, adding 6,648 new characters. === New blocks === * '''Samaritan''' (U+0800-U+083F), containing 61 letters for Samaritan script, was added. * '''Unified Canadian Aboriginal Syllabics Extended''' (U+18B0-U+18FF), containing 70 syllables for various Cree languages, was added. * '''Tai Tham''' (U+1A20-U+1AAF), containing 127 letters for Tai Tham script, was added. * '''Vedic Extensions''' (U+1CD0-U+1CFF), containing 35 characters for tone marks and signs, was added. * '''Lisu''' (U+A4D0-U+A4FF), containing 48 letters for Lisu (Fraser) script, was added. * '''Bamum''' (U+A6A0-U+A6FF), containing 88 letters for Bamum script, was added. * '''Common Indic Number Forms''' (U+A830-U+A83F), containing 10 fractions and marks, was added. * '''Devanagari Extended''' (U+A8E0-U+A8FF), containing 28 additional marks, was added. * '''Hangul Jamo Extended-A''' (U+A960-U+A97F), containing 29 characters for additional old initial consonants in hangul jamo, was added. * '''Javanese''' (U+A980-U+A9DF), containing 91 letters for Javanese script, was added. * '''Myanmar Extended-A''' (U+AA60-U+AA7B), containing 28 letters for Khamti Shan in Myanmar, was added. * '''Tai Viet''' (U+AA80-U+AADF), containing 72 letters for Tai Viet script, was added. * '''Meetei Mayek''' (U+ABC0-U+ABFF), containing 56 letters for Meetei Mayek script, was added. * '''Hangul Jamo Extended-B''' (U+D7B0-U+D7FF), containing 72 characters for additional old medieval vowels and final consonants in hangul jamo, was added. * '''Imperial Aramaic''' (U+10840-U+1085F), containing 31 characters for Old Aramaic, was added. * '''Old South Arabian''' (U+10A60-U+10A7F), containing 32 letters and numbers for South Arabian, was added. * '''Avestan''' (U+10B00-U+10B3F), containing 61 characters for Avestan script, was added. * '''Inscriptional Parthian''' (U+10B40-U+10B5F), containing 30 characters for Inscriptional Parthian script, was added. * '''Inscriptional Pahlavi''' (U+10B60-U+10B7F), containing 27 characters for Inscriptional Pahlavi script, was added. * '''Old Turkic''' (U+10C00-U+10C4F), containing 73 characters for Orkhon script, was added. * '''Rumi Numeral Symbols''' (U+10E60-U+10E7F), containing 31 numeric characters used in Fez, Morocco, and elsewhere in North Africa and the Iberian peninsula, between the tenth and seventeenth centuries, was added. * '''Kaithi''' (U+11080-U+110CF), containing 66 letters for Kaithi script, was added. * '''Egyptian Hieroglyphs''' (U+13000-U+1342F), containing 1,071 hieroglyphs for Egyptian, was added. * '''Enclosed Alphanumeric Supplement''' (U+1F100-U+1F1FF), containing 63 additional circled, parenthesized and squared alphanumerics, was added. * '''Enclosed Ideographic Supplement''' (U+1F200-U+1F2FF), containing 44 squared and tortoised shell bracketed ideographs, was added. * '''CJK Unified Ideographs Extension C''' (U+2A700-U+2B73F), containing 4,149 additional Chinese Ideographs, was added. === Extended blocks === * Abkhaz letters (total 2 characters) were added to '''Cyrillic Supplement'''. (U+0524-U+0525) * Inverted Candrabindu and additional signs and letters (total 5 characters) were added to '''Devanagari'''. (U+0900, U+094E, U+0955 and U+0979-U+097A) * Ganda Mark (৻) (total 1 character) was added to '''Bengali'''. (U+09FB) * Religious svasti signs (total 4 characters) were added to '''Tibetan'''. (U+0FD5-U+0FD8) * Extensions for Khamti Shan and Alton and Phake (total 4 characters) were added to '''Myanmar'''. (U+109A-U+109D) * Additional old initial consonants, medival vowels, and old final consonants (total 16 characters) were added to '''Hangul Jamo'''. (U+115A-U+115E, U+11A3-U+11A7 and U+11FA-U+11FF) * Hyphen and additional syllables (total 10 characters) were added to '''Unified Canadian Aboriginal Syllabics'''. (U+1400 and U+1677-U+167F) * Letter Sua and Tham Digit One (total 3 characters) were added to '''New Tai Lue'''. (U+19AA-U+19AB and U+19DA) * Combing Almost Equal to Below ( ᷽) (total 1 character) was added to '''Combining Diacritical Marks Supplement'''. (U+1DFD) * The Live Tournosis, Spesmillo and Tenge signs (total 3 characters) were added to '''Currency Symbols'''. (U+20B6-U+20B8) * Additional vulgar fractions from ARIB STD B24 (total 4 characters) were added to '''Number Forms'''. (U+2150-U+2152 and U+2189) * Decimal exponent symbol (⏨) from ARIB STD B24 (total 1 characters) was added to '''Miscellaneous Technical'''. (U+23E8) * A soccer ball and symbols from ARIB STD B24 (total 59 characters) were added to '''Miscellaneous Symbols'''. (U+269E-U+269F, U+26BD-U+26BF, U+26C4-U+26CD, U+26CF-U+26E1, U+26E3 and U+26E8-U+26FF) * Heavy exclamation mark symbol (❗) from ARIB STD B24 (total 1 character) was added to '''Dingbats'''. (U+2757) * Traffic sign, dictionary and map symbols from ARIB STD B24 (total 5 characters) were added to '''Miscellaneous Symbols and Arrows'''. (U+2B55-U+2B59) * Capital letter turned alpha and additions for Shona (total 3 characters) were added to '''Latin Extended-C'''. (U+2C70 to U+2C7E-U+2C7F) * Cryptogrammic letters and combining marks (total 7 characters) were added to '''Coptic'''. (U+2CEB-U+2CF1) * Word separator middle dot (⸱) (total 1 character) was added to '''Supplemental Punctuation'''. (U+2E31) * Circled ideographs and numbers on black squares from ARIB STD B24 (total 12 characters) were added to '''Enclosed CJK Letters and Months'''. (U+3244-U+324F) * Miscellaneous additions (total 8 characters) were added to '''CJK Unified Ideographs'''. (U+9FC4-U+9FCB) * Miscellaneous additions for compatibility (total 3 characters) were added to '''CJK Compatibility Ideographs'''. (U+FA6B-U+FA6D) * Number two and three (total 2 characters) were added to '''Phoenician'''. (U+1091A-U+1091B) == Unicode 6.0 == Unicode 6.0 was released on October 11th, 2010. It encoded 109,384 characters, adding 2,088 new characters. === New blocks === * '''Mandaic''' (U+0840-U+085F), containing 29 letters for Mandaic script, was added. * '''Batak''' (U+1BC0-U+1BFF), containing 56 letters for Batak script, was added. * '''Ethiopic Extended-A''' (U+AB00-U+AB2F), containing 32 letters for Gamo-Gofa-Dawro, Basketo and Gumuz Ethiopic syllables, was added. * '''Brahmi''' (U+11000-U+1107F), containing 108 characters for ancient Brahmi abugida, was added. * '''Bamum Supplement''' (U+16800-U+16A3F), containing 761 letters for additional Bamum script, was added. * '''Kana Supplement''' (U+1B000-U+1B0FF), containing 2 characters for archaic katakana, was added. * '''Playing Cards''' (U+1F0A0-U+1F0FF), containing 59 playing cards, was added. * '''Miscellaneous Symbols and Pictographs''' (U+1F300-U+1F5FF), containing 529 additional symbols, was added. * '''Emoticons''' (U+1F600-U+1F64F), containing 63 faces, cat faces and gesture symbols, was added. * '''Transport and Map Symbols''' (U+1F680-U+1F6FF), containing 70 transportation, traffic signs and other symbols, was added. * '''Alchemical Symbols''' (U+1F700-U+1F77F), containing 116 symbols for elements, was added. * '''CJK Unified Ideographs Extension D''' (U+2B740-U+2B81F), containing 222 miscellaneous Han ideographs, was added. === Extended blocks === * Azerbaijani letters (total 2 characters) were added to '''Cyrillic Supplement'''. (U+0526-U+0527) * Kashmiri Yeh and Wavy hamza below (total 2 characters) were added to '''Arabic'''. (U+0620 and U+065F) * Dependent vowel signs and letters used in Kashmiri and Bihari (total 10 characters) were added to '''Devanagari'''. (U+093A-U+093B, U+094F, U+0956-U+0957 and U+0973-U+0977) * Fraction signs (total 6 characters) were added to '''Oriya'''. (U+0B72-U+0B77) * Letters used in scholarly only and letter dot reph (total 3 characters) were added to '''Malayalam'''. (U+0D29, U+0D3A and U+0D4E) * Leading and Trailing Mchan Rtags (total 6 characters) were added to '''Tibetan'''. (U+0F8C-U+0F8F, U+0FD9-U+0FDA) * Additional combining marks (total 2 characters) were added to '''Ethiopic'''. (U+135D-U+135E) * Combining Double Inverted Breve Below (᷼) (total 1 character) was added to '''Combining Diacritical Marks Supplement'''. (U+1DFC) * Miscellaneous subscript letters (total 8 characters) were added to '''Superscripts and Subscripts'''. (U+2095-U+209C) * Indian Rupee Sign (₹) (total 1 character) was added to '''Currency Symbols'''. (U+20B9) * Pointing double triangle and additional mechanical symbols (total 11 characters) were added to '''Miscellaneous Technical'''. (U+23E9-U+23F3) * Ophiuchus, astronomical symbol for Uranus and pentagrams (total 6 characters) were added to '''Miscellaneous Symbols'''. (U+26CE, U+26E2 and U+26E4-U+26E7) * Additional heavy punctation marks, raised fist, raised hand, sparkles, heavy arithmetic symbols and curly loops (total 16 characters) were added to '''Dingbats'''. (U+2705, U+270A-U+270B, U+2728, U+274C, U+274E, U+2753-U+2755, U+275F-U+2760, U+2795-U+2797, U+27B0 and U+27BF) * Squared logicals (total 2 characters) were added to '''Miscellaneous Mathematical Symbols-A'''. (U+27CE-U+27CF) * Separator mark and consonant joiner (total 2 characters) were added to '''Tifinagh'''. (U+2D70 and U+2D7F) * Bopomofo for Hmu and Ge (total 3 characters) were added to '''Bopomofo Extended'''. (U+31B8-U+31BA) * Reversed Tse (total 2 characters) were added to '''Cyrillic Extended-B'''. (U+A660-U+A661) * Additional letters (total 15 characters) were added to '''Latin Extended-D'''. (U+A78D-U+A78E, U+A790-U+A791, U+A7A0-U+A7A9 and U+A7FA) * Pedagogical symbols (total 16 characters) were added to '''Arabic Presentation Forms-A'''. (U+FBB2-U+FBC1) * Additional squared, black circled and squared letters and regional indicator letters (total 107 characters) were added to '''Enclosed Alphanumeric Supplement'''. (U+1F130, U+1F132-U+1F13C, U+1F13E, U+1F140-U+1F141, U+1F143-U+1F145, U+1F147-U+1F149, U+1F14F, U+1F150-U+1F156, U+1F158-U+1F15E, U+1F160-U+1F169, U+1F170-U+1F178, U+1F17A, U+1F17D-U+1F17E, U+1F180-U+1F189, U+1F18E-U+1F18F, U+1F191-U+1F19A and U+1F1E6-U+1F1FF) * Squared katakana, squared ideographs and circled advantage and accept (total 13 characters) were added to '''Enclosed Ideographic Supplement'''. (U+1F201-U+1F202, U+1F232-U+1F23A and U+1F250-U+1F251) == Unicode 6.1 == Unicode 6.1 was released on January 31st, 2012. It encoded 110,116 characters, adding 732 new characters. === New blocks === * '''Arabic Extended-A''' (U+08A0-U+08FF), containing 39 characters, was added. * '''Sundanese Supplement''' (U+1CC0-U+1CCF), containing 8 characters, was added. * '''Meetei Mayek Extensions''' (U+AAE0-U+AAFF), containing 23 characters, was added. * '''Meroitic Hieroglyphs''' (U+10980-U+1099F), containing 32 characters, was added. * '''Meroitic Cursive''' (U+109A0-U+109FF), containing 26 characters, was added. * '''Sora Sompeng''' (U+110D0-U+110FF), containing 35 characters, was added. * '''Chakma''' (U+11100-U+1114F), containing 67 characters, was added. * '''Sharada''' (U+11180-U+111DF), containing 83 characters, was added. * '''Takri''' (U+11680-U+116CF), containing 66 characters, was added. * '''Miao''' (U+16F00-U+16F9F), containing 133 characters, was added. * '''Arabic Mathematical Alphabetic Symbols''' (U+1EE00-U+1EEFF), containing 143 characters, was added. === Extended blocks === * An Armenian Dram sign (total 1 character) was added to '''Armenian'''. (U+058F) * A sign Samvat (total 1 character) was added to '''Arabic'''. (U+0604) * An Abbreviation mark (total 1 character) was added to '''Gujarati'''. (U+0AF0) * Letters for Khmu (total 2 characters) were added to '''Lao'''. (U+0EDE-U+0EDF) * Capital letter Yn, letter Aen, Hard and Labial sign (total 5 characters) were added to '''Georgian'''. (U+10C7, U+10CD and U+10FD-U+10FF) * Letters and signs for Old Sundanese (total 9 characters) were added to '''Sundanese'''. (U+1BAB-U+1BAD and U+1BBA-U+1BBF) * Sign Rotated Ardhavisarga, Candra Above, Jihvamuliya and Uphadhmaniya (total 4 characters) were added to '''Vedic Extensions'''. (U+1CF3-U+1CF6) * Mathematical diagonals (total 2 characters) were added to '''Miscellaneous Mathematical Symbols-A'''. (U+27CB and U+27CD) * A letter Bohairic Khei (total 2 characters) were added to '''Coptic'''. (U+2CF2-U+2CF3) * Small letters Yn and Aen (total 2 characters) were added to '''Georgian Supplement'''. (U+2D27 and U+2D2D) * Letters Ye and Yo (total 2 characters) were added to '''Tifinagh'''. (U+2D66-U+2D67) * (total 10 characters) were added to '''Supplemental Punctuation'''. (U+2E32-U+2E3B) * An additional ideograph for Kanji (total 1 character) was added to '''CJK Unified Ideographs'''. (U+9FCC) * Combining letter for Slavonic (total 9 characters) were added to '''Cyrillic Extended-B'''. (U+A674-U+A67B and U+A69F) * Letter C with Bar, capital letter H with Hook and modifier letters for extended IPA (total 5 characters) were added to '''Latin Extended-D'''. (U+A792-U+A793, U+A7AA and U+A7F8-U+A7F9) * Some additional ideographs for Korea (total 2 characters) were added to '''CJK Compatibility Ideographs'''. (U+FA2E-U+FA2F) * Symbols for Canadian legal use (total 2 characters) were added to '''Enclosed Alphanumeric Supplement'''. (U+1F16A-U+1F16B) * Typikon symbols (total 4 characters) were added to '''Miscellaneous Symbols and Pictographs'''. (U+1F540-U+1F543) * (total 13 characters) were added to '''Emoticons'''. (U+1F600, U+1F611, U+1F615, U+1F617, U+1F619, U+1F61B, U+1F61F, U+1F626-U+1F627, U+1F62C, U+1F62E-U+1F62F and U+1F634) == Unicode 6.2 == Unicode 6.2 was released on September 26th, 2012. It encoded 110,117 characters, adding only 1 new character. === Extended blocks === * A Turkish Lira sign (total 1 character) was added to '''Currency Symbols'''. (U+20BA) == Unicode 6.3 == Unicode 6.3 was released in September 30, 2013. It encoded 110,122 characters, adding only 5 new characters. === Extended blocks === * A Letter mark (total 1 character) was added to '''Arabic'''. (U+061C) * Isolate directional format characters (total 4 characters) were added to '''General Punctuation'''. (U+2066-U+2069) == Unicode 7.0 == Unicode 7.0 was released on June 16th, 2014. It encoded 112,956 characters, adding 2,834 new characters. === New blocks === * '''Combining Diacritical Marks Extended''' (U+1AB0-U+1AFF), containing 15 marks, was added. * '''Myanmar Extended-B''' (U+A9E0-U+A9FF), containing 31 letters, was added. * '''Latin Extended-E''' (U+AB30-U+AB6F), containing 50 letters, was added. * '''Coptic Epact Numbers''' (U+102E0-U+102FF), containing 28 numbers, was added. * '''Old Permic''' (U+10350-U+1037F), containing 43 letters, was added. * '''Elbasan''' (U+10500-U+1052F), containing 50 letters, was added. * '''Caucasian Albanian''' (U+10530-U+1056F), containing 53 letters and marks, was added. * '''Linear A''' (U+10600-U+1077F), containing 341 signs, was added. * '''Palmyrene''' (U+10860-U+1087F), containing 32 letters, was added. * '''Nabataean''' (U+10880-U+108AF), containing 40 letters and numbers, was added. * '''Old North Arabian''' (U+10A80-U+10A9F), containing 32 letters and numbers, was added. * '''Manichaean''' (U+10AC0-U+10AFF), containing 51 characters, was added. * '''Psalter Pahlavi''' (U+10B80-U+10BAF), containing 29 characters, was added. * '''Mahajani''' (U+11150-U+1117F), containing 39 letters and signs, was added. * '''Sinhala Archaic Numbers''' (U+111E0-U+111FF), containing 20 numbers, was added. * '''Khojki''' (U+11200-U+1124F), containing 61 characters, was added. * '''Khudawadi''' (U+112B0-U+112FF), containing 69 characters, was added. * '''Grantha''' (U+11300-U+1137F), containing 83 characters, was added. * '''Tirhuta''' (U+11480-U+114DF), containing 82 characters, was added. * '''Siddham''' (U+11580-U+115FF), containing 72 characters, was added. * '''Modi''' (U+11600-U+1165F), containing 79 characters, was added. * '''Warang Citi''' (U+118A0-U+118FF), containing 84 letters and numbers, was added. * '''Pau Cin Hau''' (U+11AC0-U+11AFF), containing 57 characters, was added. * '''Mro''' (U+16A40-U+16A6F), containing 43 characters, was added. * '''Bassa Vah''' (U+16AD0-U+16AFF), containing 36 characters, was added. * '''Pahawh Hmong''' (U+16B00-U+16B8F), containing 127 letters and signs, was added. * '''Duployan''' (U+1BC00-U+1BC9F), containing 143 characters, was added. * '''Shorthand Format Controls''' (U+1BCA0-U+1BCAF), containing 4 format characters, was added. * '''Mende Kikakui''' (U+1E800-U+1E8DF), containing 213 syllables and numbers, was added. * '''Ornamental Dingbats''' (U+1F650-U+1F67F), containing 48 pictographic characters, was added. * '''Geometric Shapes Extended''' (U+1F780-U+1F7FF), containing 85 pictographic characters, was added. * '''Supplemental Arrows-C''' (U+1F800-U+1F8FF), containing 148 pictographic characters, was added. === Extended blocks === * A capital letter Yot (total 1 character) was added to '''Greek and Coptic'''. (U+037F) * Letters for Orok, Komi and Khanty (total 8 characters) were added to '''Cyrillic Supplement'''. (U+0528-U+052F) * An Eternity sign (total 2 characters) were added to '''Armenian'''. (U+058D-U+058E) * A Number Mark Above (total 1 character) was added to '''Arabic'''. (U+0605) * Letters for African, Philippine, Turkic, Berber, Belarusian, Palula and Shina languages (total 8 characters) were added to '''Arabic Extended-A'''. (U+08A1, U+08AD-U+08B2 and U+08FF) * A letter for Marwari (total 1 character) was added to '''Devanagari'''. (U+0978) * A sign Anji (total 1 character) was added to '''Bengali'''. (U+0980) * Sign Candrabindu and letter Llla (total 2 characters) were added to '''Telugu'''. (U+0C00 and U+0C34) * A Sign Candrabindu (total 1 character) was added to '''Kannada'''. (U+0C81) * A Sign Candrabindu (total 1 character) was added to '''Malayalam'''. (U+0D01) * Lith Numerals (total 10 characters) were added to '''Sinhala'''. (U+0DE6-U+0DEF) * Additional Old English runes (total 8 characters) were added to '''Runic'''. (U+16F1-U+16F8) * Letters Gyan and Tra (total 2 characters) were added to '''Limbu'''. (U+191D-U+191E) * Signs for Jaiminiya Sama Veda (total 2 characters) were added to '''Vedic Extensions'''. (U+1CF8-U+1CF9) * Marks for Germanic and American lexicology (total 15 characters) were added to '''Combining Diacritical Marks Supplement'''. (U+1DE7-U+1DF5) * Nordic Mark, Manat and Ruble sign (total 3 characters) were added to '''Currency Symbols'''. (U+20BB-U+20BD) * Playback symbols from Webdings font (total 7 characters) were added to '''Miscellaneous Technical'''. (U+23F4-U+23FA) * A Scissors symbol from Wingdings 2 font (total 1 character) was added to '''Dingbats'''. (U+2700) * Arrows for Lithuanian dialectology and symbols from Wingdings 3 font (total 115 characters) were added to '''Miscellaneous Symbols and Arrows'''. (U+2B4D-U+2B4F, U+2B5A-U+2B5F, U+2B60-U+2B73, U+2B76-U+2B95, U+2B98-U+2BB9, U+2BBD-U+2BC8 and U+2BCA-U+2BD1) * (total 7 characters) were added to '''Supplemental Punctuation'''. (U+2E3C-U+2E42) * Early Cyrillic letters and letters for Lithuanian dialectology (total 6 characters) were added to '''Cyrillic Extended-B'''. (U+A698-U+A69D) * Letters for European, American and African orthography (total 18 characters) were added to '''Latin Extended-D'''. (U+A794-U+A79F, U+A7AB-U+A7AD, U+A7B0-U+A7B1 and U+A7F7) * Tone marks for Tai Laing and letters for Shwe Palaung (total 4 characters) were added to '''Myanmar Extended-A'''. (U+AA7C-U+AA7F) * Combining phonetic marks (total 7 characters) were added to '''Combining Half Marks'''. (U+FE27-U+FE2D) * Additional mathematical symbols (total 2 characters) were added to '''Ancient Greek Numbers'''. (U+1018B-U+1018C) * A Greek Tau Rho symbol (total 1 character) was added to '''Ancient Symbols'''. (U+101A0) * A letter Ess (total 1 character) was added to '''Old Italic'''. (U+1031F) * A Number Joiner (total 1 character) was added to '''Brahmi'''. (U+1107F) * Sutra mark and sign Ekam (total 2 characters) were added to '''Sharada'''. (U+111CD and U+111DA) * Additional cuneiform signs (total 42 characters) were added to '''Cuneiform'''. (U+1236F-U+12398) * Additional numbers, vulgar fractions and a punctuation mark (total 13 characters) were added to '''Cuneiform Numbers and Punctuation'''. (U+12463-U+1246E and U+12474) * Red Joker, Fool and trumps (total 23 characters) were added to '''Playing Cards'''. (U+1F0BF and U+1F0E0-U+1F0F5) * Dingbat normal and negative sans-serif digit zero (total 2 characters) were added to '''Enclosed Alphanumeric Supplement'''. (U+1F10B-U+1F10C) * Symbols from Webdings, Wingdings 1 and 2 font (total 209 characters) were added to '''Miscellaneous Symbols and Pictographs'''. (U+1F321-U+1F32C, U+1F336, U+1F37D, U+1F394-U+1F39F, U+1F3C5, U+1F3CB-U+1F3CE, U+1F3D4-U+1F3DF, U+1F3F1-U+1F3F7, U+1F43F, U+1F441, U+1F4F8, U+1F4FD-U+1F4FE, U+1F53E-U+1F53F, U+1F544-U+1F54A, U+1F568-U+1F579, U+1F57B-U+1F5A3 and U+1F5A5-U+1F5FA) * Slightly frowning and smiling faces emoji (total 2 characters) were added to '''Emoticons'''. (U+1F641-U+1F642) * Symbols from Webdings and Wingdings 2 font (total 27 characters) were added to '''Transport and Map Symbols'''. (U+1F6C6-U+1F6CF, U+1F6E0-U+1F6EC and U+1F6F0-U+1F6F3) == Unicode 8.0 == Unicode 8.0 was released on June 17th, 2015. It encoded 120,672 characters, adding 7,716 new characters. === New blocks === * '''Cherokee Supplement''' (U+AB70-U+ABBF), containing 80 lowercase letters, was added. * '''Hatran''' (U+108E0-U+108FF), containing 26 letters, was added. * '''Old Hungarian''' (U+10C80-U+10CFF), containing 108 letters, was added. * '''Multani''' (U+11280-U+112AF), containing 38 letters, was added. * '''Ahom''' (U+11700-U+1173F), containing 57 letters, was added. * '''Early Dynastic Cuneiform''' (U+12480-U+1254F), containing 196 characters, was added. * '''Anatolian Hieroglyphs''' (U+14400-U+1467F), containing 583 characters, was added. * '''Sutton SignWriting''' (U+1D800-U+1DAAF), containing 672 signs, was added. * '''Supplemental Symbols and Pictographs''' (U+1F900-U+1F9FF), containing 15 pictographic characters, was added. * '''CJK Unified Ideographs Extension E''' (U+2B820-U+2CEAF), containing 5762 characters, was added. === Extended blocks === * Letters for Arwi (total 3 characters) were added to '''Arabic Extended-A'''. (U+08B3-U+08B4 and U+08E3) * A letter for Avestan transliteration (total 1 character) was added to '''Gujarati'''. (U+0AF9) * A letter for Andhra Pradesh (total 1 character) was added to '''Telugu'''. (U+0C5A) * An archaic letter II (total 1 character) was added to '''Malayalam'''. (U+0D5F) * A letter Mv and small letters (total 7 characters) were added to '''Cherokee'''. (U+13F5 and U+13F8-U+13FD) * A Georgian Lari sign (total 1 character) was added to '''Currency Symbols'''. (U+20BE) * Turned digits (total 2 characters) were added to '''Number Forms'''. (U+218A-U+218B) * Two headed arrows with triangle arrowheads (total 4 characters) were added to '''Miscellaneous Symbols and Arrows'''. (U+2BEC-U+2BEF) * Some additional ideographs (total 9 characters) were added to '''CJK Unified Ideographs'''. (U+9FCD-U+9FD5) * A combining letter Ef (total 1 character) was added to '''Cyrillic Extended-B'''. (U+A69E) * Sinological dot, phonetic extension for African languages, letters for American and Gabonese orthography (total 7 characters) were added to '''Latin Extended-D'''. (U+A78F and U+A7B2-U+A7B7) * Sign Siddham and letter Jain Om (total 2 characters) were added to '''Devanagari Extended'''. (U+A8FC-U+A8FD) * Letters for Yakut transliteration (total 4 characters) were added to '''Latin Extended-E'''. (U+AB60-U+AB63) * A combining mark for Church Slavonic (total 2 characters) were added to '''Combining Half Marks'''. (U+FE2E-U+FE2F) * Numerals and vulgar fractions (total 64 characters) were added to '''Meroitic Cursive'''. (U+109BC-U+109BD, U+109C0-U+109CF and U+109D2-U+109FF) * Sandhi mark, diacritical marks for Kashmiri, sign Siddham and punctuation marks (total 9 characters) were added to '''Sharada'''. (U+111C9-U+111CC and U+111DB-U+111DF) * Combining Anusvara Above and letter Om (total 2 characters) were added to '''Grantha'''. (U+11300 and U+11350) * Section marks and alternate letters (total 20 characters) were added to '''Siddham'''. (U+115CA-U+115DD) * An additional sign (total 1 character) was added to '''Cuneiform'''. (U+12399) * East-Slavic musical symbols (total 11 characters) were added to '''Musical Symbols'''. (U+1D1DE-U+1D1E8) * (total 24 characters) were added to '''Miscellaneous Symbols and Pictographs'''. (U+1F32D-U+1F32F, U+1F37E-U+1F37F, U+1F3CF-U+1F3D3, U+1F3F8-U+1F3FF, U+1F4FF and U+1F54B-U+1F54F) * Upside Down Face and Face With Rolling Eyes emoji (total 2 characters) were added to '''Emoticons'''. (U+1F643-U+1F644) * A Place of Worship emoji (total 1 character) was added to '''Transport and Map Symbols'''. (U+1F6D0) == Unicode 9.0 == Unicode 9.0, was released on June 21st, 2016. It encoded 128,172 characters, adding 7,500 new characters. === New blocks === * '''Cyrillic Extended-C''' (U+1C80-U+1C8F), containing 9 letters, was added. * '''Osage''' (U+104B0-U+104FF), containing 72 letters, was added. * '''Newa''' (U+11400-U+1147F), containing 92 letters, was added. * '''Mongolian Supplement''' (U+11660-U+1167F), containing 13 letters, was added. * '''Bhaiksuki''' (U+11C00-U+11C6F), containing 97 letters, was added. * '''Marchen''' (U+11C70-U+11CBF), containing 68 letters, was added. * '''Ideographic Symbols and Punctuation''' (U+16FE0-U+16FFF), containing 1 letter, was added. * '''Tangut''' (U+17000-U+187FF), containing 6125 letters, was added. * '''Tangut Components''' (U+18800-U+18AFF), containing 755 letters, was added. * '''Glagolitic Supplement''' (U+1E000-U+1E02F), containing 38 letters, was added. * '''Adlam''' (U+1E900-U+1E95F), containing 87 letters, was added. === Extended blocks === * Letters for Bravanese, Warsh and Quranic marks used in Pakistan (total 23 characters) were added to '''Arabic Extended-A'''. (U+08B6-U+08BD and U+08D4-U+08E2) * A sign Spacing Candrabindu (total 1 character) were added to '''Kannada'''. (U+0C80) * Sign Para, Chillu letters and vulgar fractions (total 14 characters) were added to '''Malayalam'''. (U+0D4F, U+0D54-U+0D56, U+0D58-U+0D5E and U+0D76-U+0D78) * A diacritical mark for Newa (total 1 character) was added to '''Combining Diacritical Marks Supplement'''. (U+1DFB) * Power symbols (total 4 characters) were added to '''Miscellaneous Technical'''. (U+23FB-U+23FE) * Punctuation marks for Church Slavonic (total 2 characters) were added to '''Supplemental Punctuation'''. (U+2E43-U+2E44) * A letter for Unifon (total 1 character) was added to '''Latin Extended-D'''. (U+A7AE) * A sign Candrabindu (total 1 character) was added to '''Saurashtra'''. (U+A8C5) * Indiction sign and a currency symbol (total 2 characters) were added to '''Ancient Greek Numbers'''. (U+1018D-U+1018E) * A sign Sukun (total 1 character) was added to '''Khojki'''. (U+1123E) * Japanese TV symbols (total 18 characters) were added to '''Enclosed Alphanumeric Supplement'''. (U+1F19B-U+1F1AC) * A Japanese TV symbol (total 1 character) was added to '''Enclosed Ideographic Supplement'''. (U+1F23B) * A dancing man and Black Heart emoji (total 2 characters) were added to '''Miscellaneous Symbols and Pictographs'''. (U+1F57A and U+1F5A4) * Octagonal Sign, Shopping Trolley, scooters and a Canoe emoji (total 5 characters) were added to '''Transport and Map Symbols'''. (U+1F6D1-U+1F6D2 and U+1F6F4-U+1F6F6) * (total 67 characters) were added to '''Supplemental Symbols and Pictographs'''. (U+1F919-U+1F91E, U+1F920-U+1F927, U+1F930, U+1F933-U+1F93E, U+1F940-U+1F94B, U+1F950-U+1F95E and U+1F985-U+1F991) ===Variation Sequences=== Here is a table with new standardized variation sequences: {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" |- !Character Sequence !Context !Description of Variation Appearance |- |0030 FE00 | |short diagonal stroke form # DIGIT ZERO |- |1000 FE00 | |dotted form # MYANMAR LETTER KA |- |1002 FE00 | |dotted form # MYANMAR LETTER GA |- |1004 FE00 | |dotted form # MYANMAR LETTER NGA |- |1010 FE00 | |dotted form # MYANMAR LETTER TA |- |1011 FE00 | |dotted form # MYANMAR LETTER THA |- |1015 FE00 | |dotted form # MYANMAR LETTER PA |- |1019 FE00 | |dotted form # MYANMAR LETTER MA |- |101A FE00 | |dotted form # MYANMAR LETTER YA |- |101C FE00 | |dotted form # MYANMAR LETTER LA |- |101D FE00 | |dotted form # MYANMAR LETTER WA |- |1022 FE00 | |dotted form # MYANMAR LETTER SHAN A |- |1031 FE00 | |dotted form # MYANMAR VOWEL SIGN E |- |1075 FE00 | |dotted form # MYANMAR LETTER SHAN KA |- |1078 FE00 | |dotted form # MYANMAR LETTER SHAN CA |- |107A FE00 | |dotted form # MYANMAR LETTER SHAN NYA |- |1080 FE00 | |dotted form # MYANMAR LETTER SHAN THA |- |2205 FE00 | |zero with long diagonal stroke overlay form # EMPTY SET |- |AA60 FE00 | |dotted form # MYANMAR LETTER KHAMTI GA |- |AA61 FE00 | |dotted form # MYANMAR LETTER KHAMTI CA |- |AA62 FE00 | |dotted form # MYANMAR LETTER KHAMTI CHA |- |AA63 FE00 | |dotted form # MYANMAR LETTER KHAMTI JA |- |AA64 FE00 | |dotted form # MYANMAR LETTER KHAMTI JHA |- |AA65 FE00 | |dotted form # MYANMAR LETTER KHAMTI NYA |- |AA66 FE00 | |dotted form # MYANMAR LETTER KHAMTI TTA |- |AA6B FE00 | |dotted form # MYANMAR LETTER KHAMTI NA |- |AA6C FE00 | |dotted form # MYANMAR LETTER KHAMTI SA |- |AA6F FE00 | |dotted form # MYANMAR LETTER KHAMTI FA |- |AA7A FE00 | |dotted form # MYANMAR LETTER AITON RA |- |… | |278 additional emoji variation sequences |} == Unicode 10.0 == Unicode 10.0, was released on June 20th, 2017. It encoded 136,690 characters, adding 8,518 new characters. === New blocks === * '''Syriac Supplement''' (U+0860-U+086F), containing 11 characters, was added. * '''Zanabazar Square''' (U+11A00-U+11A4F), containing 72 characters, was added. * '''Soyombo''' (U+11A50-U+11AAF), containing 80 characters, was added. * '''Masaram Gondi''' (U+11D00-U+11D5F), containing 75 characters, was added. * '''Kana Extended-A''' (U+1B100-U+1B12F), containing 31 characters, was added. * '''Nushu''' (U+1B170-U+1B2FF), containing 396 characters, was added. * '''CJK Unified Ideographs Extension F''' (U+2CEB0-U+2EBEF), containing 7,473 characters, was added. === Extended blocks === * A Vedic Anusvara and Abbreviation mark (total 2 characters) were added to '''Bengali'''. (U+09FC-U+09FD) * Letters for Arabic transliteration (total 6 characters) were added to '''Gujarati'''. (U+0AFA-U+0AFF) * A combining Anusvara Above and Viramas (total 3 characters) were added to '''Malayalam'''. (U+0D00 and U+0D3B-U+0D3C) * A sign Atikrama (total 1 character) was added to '''Vedic Extensions'''. (U+1CF7) * Combining diacritical marks for Church Slavonic (total 4 characters) were added to '''Combining Diacritical Marks Supplement'''. (U+1DF6-U+1DF9) * A Bitcoin sign (total 1 character) was added to '''Currency Symbols'''. (U+20BF) * An Observe Eye symbol (total 1 character) was added to '''Miscellaneous Technical'''. (U+23FF) * A Group mark (total 1 character) was added to '''Miscellaneous Symbols and Arrows'''. (U+2BD2) * Medieval punctuation marks (total 5 characters) were added to '''Supplemental Punctuation'''. (U+2E45-U+2E49) * A letter O with Dot Above (total 1 character) was added to '''Bopomofo'''. (U+312E) * Ideographs for Slavonic transliteration (total 21 characters) were added to '''CJK Unified Ideographs'''. (U+9FD6-U+9FEA) * Letters for North Italic (total 3 characters) were added to '''Old Italic'''. (U+1032D-U+1032F) * An Iteration mark for Nushu (total 1 character) was added to '''Ideographic Symbols and Punctuation'''. (U+16FE1) * Letters for Hentaigana (total 254 characters) were added to '''Kana Supplement'''. (U+1B002-U+1B0FF) * Symbols for Chinese Folk religion (total 6 characters) were added to '''Enclosed Ideographic Supplement'''. (U+1F260-U+1F265) * Stupa, Pagoda, Sled and Flying Saucer emoji (total 4 characters) were added to '''Transport and Map Symbols'''. (U+1F6D3-U+1F6D4 and U+1F6F7-U+1F6F8) * (total 66 characters) were added to '''Supplemental Symbols and Pictographs'''. (U+1F900-U+1F90B, U+1F91F, U+1F928-U+1F92F, U+1F931-U+1F932, U+1F94C, U+1F95F-U+1F96B, U+1F992-U+1F997 and U+1F9D0-U+1F9E6) == Unicode 11.0 == Unicode 11.0, was released on June 5th, 2018. It encoded 137,374 characters, adding 684 new characters. === New blocks === * '''Georgian Extended''' (U+1C90-U+1CBF), containing 46 characters, was added. * '''Hanifi Rohingya''' (U+10D00-U+10D3F), containing 50 characters, was added. * '''Old Sogdian''' (U+10F00-U+10F2F), containing 40 characters, was added. * '''Sogdian''' (U+10F30-U+10F6F), containing 42 characters, was added. * '''Dogra''' (U+11800-U+1184F), containing 60 characters, was added. * '''Gunjala Gondi''' (U+11D60-U+11DAF), containing 63 characters, was added. * '''Makasar''' (U+11EE0-U+11EFF), containing 25 characters, was added. * '''Medefaidrin''' (U+16E40-U+16E9F), containing 91 characters, was added. * '''Mayan Numerals''' (U+1D2E0-U+1D2FF), containing 20 characters, was added. * '''Indic Siyaq Numbers''' (U+1EC70-U+1ECBF), containing 68 characters, was added. * '''Chess Symbols''' (U+1FA00-U+1FA6F), containing 14 characters, was added. === Extended blocks === * Small letters Turned Ayb and Yi with Stroke (total 2 characters) were added to '''Armenian'''. (U+0560 and U+0588) * A triangle Yod (total 1 character) were added to '''Hebrew'''. (U+05EF) * A Dantayalan and currency symbols (total 3 characters) were added to '''N'Ko'''. (U+07FD-U+07FF) * A Small Low Waw (total 1 character) was added to '''Arabic Extended-A'''. (U+08D3) * A Sandhi mark (total 1 character) was added to '''Bengali'''. (U+09FE) * An Abbreviation mark (total 1 character) was added to '''Gurmukhi'''. (U+0A76) * A combining Anusvara Above (total 1 character) was added to '''Telugu'''. (U+0C04) * A sign Siddham (total 1 character) was added to '''Kannada'''. (U+0C84) * A letter for Buryat (total 1 character) was added to '''Mongolian'''. (U+1878) * Symbols for chess notation, astrological and half star symbols (total 43 characters) were added to '''Miscellaneous Symbols and Arrows'''. (U+2BBA-U+2BBC, U+2BD3-U+2BEB and 2BF0-U+2BFE) * Medieval punctuation marks (total 5 characters) were added to '''Supplemental Punctuation'''. (U+2E4A-U+2E4E) * A letter NN (total 1 character) was added to '''Bopomofo'''. (U+312F) * Some ideographs for Kanji (total 5 characters) were added to '''CJK Unified Ideographs'''. (U+9FEB-U+9FEF) * A small capital Q and a letter for Mazahua (total 3 characters) were added to '''Latin Extended-D'''. (U+A7AF and U+A7B8-U+A7B9) * Letter and vowel sign Ay (total 2 characters) were added to '''Devanagari Extended'''. (U+A8FE-U+A8FF) * Letters Ttta, Vha and a vulgar fraction (total 3 characters) were added to '''Kharoshthi'''. (U+10A34-U+10A35 and U+10A48) * A Number Sign Above (total 1 character) was added to '''Kaithi'''. (U+110CD) * Letter Lhaa, vowel sign Aa and Ei (total 3 characters) were added to '''Chakma'''. (U+11144-U+11146) * A combining Bindu Below (total 1 character) was added to '''Grantha'''. (U+1133B) * A Sandhi mark (total 1 character) was added to '''Newa'''. (U+1145E) * An alternate letter Ba (total 1 character) was added to '''Ahom'''. (U+1171A) * A mark Pluta (total 1 character) was added to '''Soyombo'''. (U+11A9D) * Additional ideographs (total 5 characters) were added to '''Tangut'''. (U+187ED-U+187F1) * Tally marks (total 7 characters) were added to '''Counting Rod Numerals'''. (U+1D372-U+1D378) * A Copyleft symbol (total 1 character) was added to '''Enclosed Alphanumeric Supplement'''. (U+1F12F) * A Skateboard emoji (total 1 character) was added to '''Transport and Map Symbols'''. (U+1F6F9) * Normal and negative circled shapes (total 4 characters) were added to '''Geometric Shapes Extended'''. (U+1F7D5-U+1F7D8) * (total 65 characters) were added to '''Supplemental Symbols and Pictographs'''. (U+1F94D-U+1F94F, U+1F96C-U+1F970, U+1F973-U+1F976, U+1F97A, U+1F97C-U+1F97F, U+1F998-U+1F99F, U+1F9A0-U+1F9A2, U+1F9B0-U+1F9B9, U+1F9C1-U+1F9C2 and U+1F9E7-U+1F9FF) ===Variation Sequences=== Here is a table with new standardized variation sequences: {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" |- !Character Sequence !Context !Description of Variation Appearance |- |FF10 FE00 | |short diagonal stroke form # FULLWIDTH DIGIT ZERO |} == Unicode 12.0 == Unicode 12.0 was released on March 5th, 2019. It encoded 137,928 characters, adding 554 new characters. === New blocks === * '''Elymaic''' (U+10FE0-U+10FFF), containing 23 characters, was added. * '''Nandinagari''' (U+119A0-U+119FF), containing 65 characters, was added. * '''Tamil Supplement''' (U+11FC0-U+11FFF), containing 51 characters, was added. * '''Egyptian Hieroglyph Format Controls''' (U+13430-U+1343F), containing 9 characters, was added. * '''Small Kana Extension''' (U+1B130-U+1B16F), containing 7 characters, was added. * '''Nyiakeng Puachue Hmong''' (U+1E100-U+1E14F), containing 71 characters, was added. * '''Wancho''' (U+1E2C0-U+1E2FF), containing 59 characters, was added. * '''Ottoman Siyaq Numbers''' (U+1ED00-U+1ED4F), containing 61 characters, was added. * '''Symbols and Pictographs Extended-A''' (U+1FA70-U+1FAFF), containing 16 characters, was added. === Extended blocks === * A sign Siddham (total 1 character) was added to '''Telugu'''. (U+0C77) * Letters for Pail and Sanskrit (total 15 characters) were added to '''Lao'''. (U+0E86, U+0E89, U+0E8C, U+0E8E-U+0E93, U+0E98, U+0EA0, U+0EA8-U+0EA9, U+0EAC and U+0EBA) * A sign Double Anusvara Antargomukha (total 1 character) was added to '''Vedic Extensions'''. (U+1CFA) * An astrological symbol and Hellschreiber Pause symbol (total 2 characters) were added to '''Miscellaneous Symbols and Arrows'''. (U+2BC9 and U+2BFF) * A Cornish Verse Divider (total 1 character) was added to '''Supplemental Punctuation'''. (U+2E4F) * Egyptological letters, Anglicana W and letters for early Pinyin (total 11 characters) were added to '''Latin Extended-D'''. (U+A7BA-U+A7BF and U+A7C2-U+A7C6) *Sinological phonetic letters (total 2 characters) were added to '''Latin Extended-E'''. (U+AB66-U+AB67) * A Vedic Anusvara (total 1 character) was added to '''Newa'''. (U+1145F) * An archaic letter Kha (total 1 character) was added to '''Takri'''. (U+116B8) * Sign Jihvamuliya and Uphadhmaniya (total 2 characters) were added to '''Soyombo'''. (U+11A84-U+11A85) * Letters for various Yi and Miao languages (total 16 characters) were added to '''Miao'''. (U+16F45-U+16F4A, U+16F4F and U+16F7F-U+16F87) * Marks for Ancient Chinese texts (total 2 characters) were added to '''Ideographic Symbols and Punctuation'''. (U+16FE2-U+16FE3) * Some additional ideographs (total 6 characters) were added to '''Tangut'''. (U+187F2-U+187F7) * A Nasalization mark (total 1 character) was added to '''Adlam'''. (U+1E94B) * A Spanish and Portuguese register mark (total 1 character) was added to '''Enclosed Alphanumeric Supplement'''. (U+1F16C) * Hindu Temple and Auto Rickshaw emoji (total 2 characters) were added to '''Transport and Map Symbols'''. (U+1F6D5 and U+1F6FA) * Large colored circles and boxes (total 12 characters) were added to '''Geometric Shapes Extended'''. (U+1F7E0-U+1F7EB) * (total 31 characters) were added to '''Supplemental Symbols and Pictographs'''. (U+1F90D-U+1F90F, U+1F93F, U+1F971, U+1F97B, U+1F9A5-U+1F9AA, U+1F9AE-U+1F9AF, U+1F9BA-U+1F9BF, U+1F9C3-U+1F9CA and U+1F9CD-U+1F9CF) * Heterodox chess symbols (total 84 characters) were added to '''Chess Symbols'''. (U+1FA00-U+1FA53) === Glyph Changes === Here is a table with glyph changes: {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" !Block Name !Code Points !Count |- |Spacing Modifier Letters |02EA, 02EB |2 |- |Vedic Extensions |1CF2..1CF3 |2 |- |Currency Symbols |20A9 |1 |- |CJK Symbols and Punctuation |3001, 3002 |2 |- |Bopomofo |3105..312F |43 |- |Bopomofo Extended |31A0..31BA |27 |- |CJK Unified Ideographs Extension A |37C3, 3B9D, 3CFD, 3FE0, 44EC, 4A76 |6 |- |CJK Unified Ideographs |5344, 55B9, 6ABC, 6FF9, 809E, 80BC, 80E9, 8132, 8159, 841C, 891D, 8C6C, 915E, 9FD4 |14 |- |Phags-pa |A840..A877 |56 |- |Halfwidth and Fullwidth Forms |FF01, FF0C, FF0E, FF1A, FF1B, FF1F |6 |- |CJK Unified Ideographs Extension B |200DD, 20164, 20BBF, 20C02, 20CED, 21D4C, 2278B, 23AB8, 2459B, 24A7D, 24FB9, 25ED7, 2677C, 26B4C, 26C21, 26CBE, 26E3D, 28834, 289A1, 289C0, 28A0F, 28B46 |22 |- |CJK Unified Ideographs Extension C |2A8FB, 2A917, 2AA30 |3 |- |CJK Unified Ideographs Extension E |2BA52, 2BD77, 2C494, 2C72F, 2C734, 2CB38 |6 |- |CJK Unified Ideographs Extension F |2D23B, 2E83A |2 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !192 |} ===Variation Sequences=== Here is a table with new standardized variation sequences: {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" |- !Character Sequence !Context !Description of Variation Appearance |- |3001 FE00 | |corner-justified form # IDEOGRAPHIC COMMA |- |3001 FE01 | |centered form # IDEOGRAPHIC COMMA |- |3002 FE00 | |corner-justified form # IDEOGRAPHIC FULL STOP |- |3002 FE01 | |centered form # IDEOGRAPHIC FULL STOP |- |FF01 FE00 | |corner-justified form # FULLWIDTH EXCLAMATION MARK |- |FF01 FE01 | |centered form # FULLWIDTH EXCLAMATION MARK |- |FF0C FE00 | |corner-justified form # FULLWIDTH COMMA |- |FF0C FE01 | |centered form # FULLWIDTH COMMA |- |FF0E FE00 | |corner-justified form # FULLWIDTH FULL STOP |- |FF0E FE01 | |centered form # FULLWIDTH FULL STOP |- |FF1A FE00 | |corner-justified form # FULLWIDTH COLON |- |FF1A FE01 | |centered form # FULLWIDTH COLON |- |FF1B FE00 | |corner-justified form # FULLWIDTH SEMICOLON |- |FF1B FE01 | |centered form # FULLWIDTH SEMICOLON |- |FF1F FE00 | |corner-justified form # FULLWIDTH QUESTION MARK |- |FF1F FE01 | |centered form # FULLWIDTH QUESTION MARK |} == Unicode 12.1 == Unicode 12.1 was released on May 7th, 2019. It encoded 137,929 characters, adding only 1 new character. === Extended blocks === * A square era name Reiwa (total 1 character) was added to '''Enclosed CJK Letters and Months'''. (U+32FF) == Unicode 13.0 == Unicode 13.0 was released on March 10th, 2020. It encoded 143,859 characters, adding 5,930 new characters. === New blocks === * '''Yezidi''' (U+10E80-U+10EBF), containing 47 characters, was added. * '''Chorasmian''' (U+10FB0-U+10FDF), containing 28 characters, was added. * '''Dives Akuru''' (U+11900-U+1195F), containing 72 characters, was added. * '''Lisu Supplement''' (U+11FB0-U+11FBF), containing 1 character, was added. * '''Khitan Small Script''' (U+18B00-U+18CFF), containing 470 characters, was added. * '''Tangut Supplement''' (U+18D00-U+18D08), containing 9 characters, was added. * '''Symbols for Legacy Computing''' (U+1FB00-U+1FBFF), containing 212 characters, was added. * '''CJK Unified Ideographs Extension G''' (U+30000-U+3134F), containing 4939 characters, was added. === Extended blocks === * Letters for African languages and Punjabi (total 10 characters) were added to '''Arabic Extended-A'''. (U+08BE-U+08C7) * A sign Overline (total 1 character) was added to '''Oriya'''. (U+0B55) * A Vedic Anusvara (total 1 character) was added to '''Malayalam'''. (U+0D04) * A sign Candrabindu (total 1 character) was added to '''Sinhala'''. (U+0D81) * Combining diacritical marks for Scottish phonology (total 2 characters) were added to '''Combining Diacritical Marks Extended'''. (U+1ABF-U+1AC0) * A Japanese symbol for Type A Electronics (total 1 character) was added to '''Miscellaneous Symbols and Arrows'''. (U+2B97) * Cross patties and a Tironian sign Capita Et (total 3 characters) were added to '''Supplemental Punctuation'''. (U+2E50-U+2E52) * Letters for Taiwan and Cantonese language (total 5 characters) were added to '''Bopomofo Extended'''. (U+31BB-U+31BF) * Some disunified ideographs (total 10 characters) were added to '''CJK Unified Ideographs Extension A'''. (U+4DB6-4DBF) * Some ideographs for China (total 13 characters) were added to '''CJK Unified Ideographs'''. (U+9FF0-U+9FFC) * Letters for Gaulish (total 6 characters) were added to '''Latin Extended-D'''. (U+A7C7-U+A7CA and U+A7F5-U+A7F6) * An alternate sign Nasanta (total 1 character) was added to '''Syloti Nagri'''. (U+A82C) * Letter R With Midle Tilde and modifier letters for Scottish phonology (total 4 characters) were added to '''Latin Extended-E'''. (U+AB68-U+AB6B) * A symbol Ascia (total 1 character) was added to '''Ancient Symbols'''. (U+1019C) * A letter for Pali (total 1 character) was added to '''Chakma'''. (U+11147) * A vowel sign Prishthamatra E and Inverted Candrabindu (total 2 characters) were added to '''Sharada'''. (U+111CE and U+111CF) * Double comma, sign Jihvamuliya and Uphadhmaniya (total 3 characters) were added to '''Newa'''. (U+1145A and U+11460-U+11461) * Khitan Small Script Filler and reading marks for Vietnamese (total 3 characters) were added to '''Ideographic Symbols and Punctuation'''. (U+16FE4 and U+16FF0-U+16FF1) * Some additional components (total 13 characters) were added to '''Tangut Components'''. (U+18AF3-U+18AFF) * Creative Commons license symbols and Mask Work symbol (total 7 characters) were added to '''Enclosed Alphanumeric Supplement'''. (U+1F10D-U+1F10F, U+1F16D-1F16F and U+1F1AD) * Hut, Elevator, Pickup Truck and Roller Skate emoji (total 4 characters) were added to '''Transportation and Map Symbols'''. (U+1F6D6-U+1F6D7 and U+1F6FB-U+1F6FC) * Arrows for legacy computing (total 2 characters) were added to '''Supplemental Arrows-C'''. (U+1F8B0-U+1F8B1) * (total 10 characters) were added to '''Supplemental Symbols and Pictographs'''. (U+1F90C, U+1F972, U+1F977-U+1F978, U+1F9A3-U+1F9A4, U+1F9AB-U+1F9AD and U+1F9CB) * (total 41 characters) were added to '''Symbols and Pictographs Extended-A'''. (U+1FA74, U+1FA83-U+1FA86, U+1FA96-U+1FAA8, U+1FAB0-U+1FAB6, U+1FAC0-U+1FAC2 and U+1FAD0-U+1FAD6) * Gongche characters for Kunqu Opera (total 7 characters) were added to '''CJK Unified Ideographs Extension B'''. (U+2A6D7-U+2A6DD) === Glyph Changes === Here is a table with glyph changes: {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" !Block Name !Code Points !Count |- |Tagalog |1700..170C, 170E..1714 |20 |- |Mongolian |1834, 1871, 1878 |3 |- |Sundanese |1BAB |1 |- |Currency Symbols |20BF |1 |- |CJK Radicals Supplement |2E80..2E99, 2E9B..2EF3 |115 |- |Kangxi Radicals |2F00..2FD5 |214 |- |CJK Unified Ideographs Extension A |3472, 38C7, 3DB8, 3FE0, 440B, 46E9 |6 |- |CJK Unified Ideographs |53FD, 6146, 6711, 671C, 6721, 6725, 6BD2, 7B9A, 87CE, 8956, 93BF, 9B97 |12 |- |Latin Extended-D |A764..A765 |2 |- |Phags-pa |A86D |1 |- |Tangut |175F6, 17F0D, 17F8A, 17FA5, 180D6, 18139, 18147, 184F1, 18736 |9 |- |Tangut Components |18843, 18856, 1888C, 1890A, 18915, 1893B |6 |- |Adlam |1E900..1E94A, 1E950..1E959, 1E95E..1E95F |71 |- |Miscellaneous Symbols and Pictographs |1F3B1 |1 |- |Supplemental Symbols and Pictographs |1F995..1F998, 1F99B..1F99E, 1F9B0..1F9B3, 1F9E7 |13 |- |CJK Unified Ideographs Extension B |20219, 21249, 21827, 22C3A, 2327B, 23496, 2355E, 2363B, 236ED, 23839, 23FD5, 24261, 24726, 248F2, 2548E, 26657, 26C9E, 26FE1, 27334, 27C0E, 27CEF, 2A38C |22 |- |CJK Unified Ideographs Extension C |2AED5, 2AEF3, 2AF76, 2B09F, 2B1C3, 2B1E5 |6 |- |CJK Unified Ideographs Extension E |2B83C, 2B8D9..2B8DA, 2B96F, 2BBD7, 2BD61, 2BE4A, 2BF1D, 2BF9D, 2C0B8, 2C142, 2C176, 2C316, 2C3FB, 2C402, 2C7AC, 2C82C, 2C83A, 2C9A1, 2CC88, 2CD68 |21 |- |CJK Unified Ideographs Extension F |2DC09, 2DE4A, 2EB7E, 2EB89 |4 |- |CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement |2F83B, 2F878, 2F8D6..2F8D7, 2F8DA, 2F8F0, 2F984, 2FA02 |8 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !536 |} == Unicode 14.0 == Unicode 14.0 was released on September 14th, 2021. It encoded 144,697 characters, adding 838 new characters. === New blocks === * '''Arabic Extended-B''' (U+0870-U+089F), containing 41 characters, was added. * '''Vithkuqi''' (U+10570-U+105BF), containing 70 characters, was added. * '''Latin Extended-F''' (U+10780-U+107BF), containing 57 characters, was added. * '''Old Uyghur''' (U+10F70-U+10FAF), containing 26 characters, was added. * '''Unified Canadian Aboriginal Syllabics Extended-A''' (U+11AB0-U+11ABF), containing 16 characters, was added. * '''Cypro-Minoan''' (U+12F90-U+12FFF), containing 99 characters, was added. * '''Tangsa''' (U+16A70-U+16ACF), containing 89 characters, was added. * '''Kana Extended-B''' (U+1AFF0-U+1AFFF), containing 13 characters, was added. * '''Znamenny Musical Notation''' (U+1CF00-U+1CFFF), containing 185 characters, was added. * '''Latin Extended-G''' (U+1DF00-U+1DFFF), containing 31 characters, was added. * '''Toto''' (U+1E290-U+1E2BF), containing 31 characters, was added. * '''Ethiopic Extended-B''' (U+1E7E0-U+1E7FF), containing 28 characters, was added. === Extended blocks === * An End of Text punctuation mark (total 1 character) was added to '''Arabic'''. (U+061D) * Letters for Balti and Quranic orthography (total 12 characters) were added to '''Arabic Extended-A'''. (U+08B5 and U+08C8-U+08D2) * A sign Nukta and letter Nakaara Pollu (total 2 characters) were added to '''Telugu'''. (U+0C3C and U+0C5D) * A letter Nakaara Pollu (total 1 character) was added to '''Kannada'''. (U+0CDD) * A letter Ra, sign Pamudpod and archaic letter Ra (total 3 characters) were added to '''Tagalog'''. (U+170D, U+1715 and U+171F) * A fourth Free variation selector (total 1 character) was added to '''Mongolian'''. (U+180F) * Combining diacritical marks for extended IPA (total 14 characters) were added to '''Combining Diacritical Marks Extended'''. (U+1AC1-U+1ACE) * An archaic ligature Jnya and punctuation marks (total 3 characters) were added to '''Balinese'''. (U+1B4C and U+1B7D-U+1B7E) * A combining Dot Below Left (total 1 character) was added to '''Combining Diacritical Marks Supplement'''. (U+1DFA) * A Kyrgyz Som sign (total 1 character) was added to '''Currency Symbols'''. (U+20C0) * A letter Caudate Chrivi (total 2 characters) were added to '''Glagolitic'''. (U+2C2F and U+2C5F) * Medieval and phonetic punctuation marks (total 11 characters) were added to '''Supplemental Punctuation'''. (U+2E53-U+2E5D) * Some ideographs for Macao (total 3 characters) were added to '''CJK Unified Ideographs'''. (U+9FFD-U+9FFF) * Archaic European letters, modifier letters for Sokuon and Chatino orthography (total 13 characters) were added to '''Latin Extended-D'''. (U+A7C0-U+A7C1, U+A7D0-U+A7D1, U+A7D3, U+A7D5, U+A7D6-U+A7D9 and U+A7F2-U+A7F4) * A modifier letter Wasla Above and honorifics (total 20 characters) were added to '''Arabic Presentation Forms-A'''. (U+FBC2, U+FD40-U+FD4F, U+FDCF and U+FDFE-U+FDFF) * Letters for Old Tamil (total 6 characters) were added to '''Brahmi'''. (U+11070-U+11075) * A vowel sign Vocalic R (total 1 character) was added to '''Khaiti'''. (U+110C2) * An Abbreviation sign (total 1 character) was added to '''Takri'''. (U+116B9) * Letters for Tai Ahom (total 7 characters) were added to '''Ahom'''. (U+11740-U+11746) The block was expanded from (U+11700-U+1173F) to (U+11700-U+1174F) * Kana archaic letters (total 4 characters) were added to '''Kana Extended-A'''. (U+1B11F-U+1B122) * Accidental symbols for Iranian classical music (total 2 characters) were added to '''Musical Symbols'''. (U+1D1E9-U+1D1EA) * Playground Slide, Wheel and Ring Buoy emoji (total 3 characters) were added to '''Transportation and Map Symbols'''. (U+1F6DD-U+1F6DF) * A Heavy Equals Sign emoji (total 1 character) was added to '''Geometric Shapes Extended'''. (U+1F7F0) * A Troll and Face Holding Back Tears emoji (total 2 characters) were added to '''Supplemental Symbols and Pictographs'''. (U+1F979 and U+1F9CC) * (total 31 characters) were added to '''Symbols and Pictographs Extended-A'''. (U+1FA7B-U+1FA7C, U+1FAA9-U+1FAAC, U+1FAB7-U+1FABA, U+1FAC3-U+1FAC5, U+1FAD7-U+1FAD9, U+1FAE0-U+1FAE7 and U+1FAF0-U+1FAF6) * Some ideographs for Macao (total 2 characters) were added to '''CJK Unified Ideographs Extension B'''. (U+2A6DE-U+2A6DF) * Disunified ideographs and a G source ideograph for China, Hong Kong and Vietnam (total 4 characters) were added to '''CJK Unified Ideographs Extension C'''. (U+2B735-U+2B738) === Glyph Changes === Here is a table with glyph changes: {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" !Block Name !Code Points !Count |- |Latin Extended-B |0184..0185 |2 |- |Arabic |0674..0678, 06C5, 06C7, 06FE |8 |- |Letterlike Symbols |210B, 2110, 2112, 211B, 212C, 2130..2131, 2133 |8 |- |Enclosed Alphanumerics |2460..24FF |160 |- |Dingbats |2776..2793 |30 |- |CJK Symbols and Punctuation |3001..3029, 3030..303D, 303F |56 |- |CJK Strokes |31C0..31E3 |36 |- |Katakana Phonetic Extensions |31F0..31FF |16 |- |Enclosed CJK Letters and Months |3200..321E, 3220..32FF |255 |- |CJK Compatibiity |3300..33FF |256 |- |CJK Unified Ideographs Extension A |3777, 3B3F |2 |- |CJK Unified Ideographs |5DD5, 652C, 6AC0 |3 |- |Arabic Presentation Forms-A |FBD7..FBD8, FBDD, FBE0..FBE1 |5 |- |Vertical Forms |FE10..FE19 |10 |- |CJK Compatibiity Forms |FE30..FE4F |32 |- |Small Form Variants |FE50..FE52, FE54..FE66, FE68..FE6B |26 |- |Halfwidth and Fullwidth Forms |FF01..FF9F, FFA1..FFBE, FFC2..FFC7, FFCA..FFCF, FFD2..FFD7, FFDA..FFDC, FFE0..FFE6, FFE8..FFEE |225 |- |Egyptian Hieroglyphs |1300A, 13017, 1302D, 13032, 13034..13035, 13037..13038, 1303A..1303E, 1304E..1304F, 13055, 13057, 13068, 1309A, 130D2, 130D5, 130F6, 130FE, 13192, 1325F, 13267, 1326A, 13281, 13297, 1329E, 132B4, 132C1, 132E6, 13304, 1331F, 13378..1337B, 1337D..1337E, 133F3, 133FA..13403, 1340D, 13417, 1342B |55 |- |Mathematical Alphanumeric Symbols |1D49C, 1D49E..1D49F, 1D4A2, 1D4A5..1D4A6, 1D4A9..1D4AC, 1D4AE..1D4B5 |18 |- |Enclosed Alphanumeric Supplement |1F100..1F1AD, 1F1E6..1F1FF |200 |- |Enclosed Ideographic Supplement |1F200..1F202, 1F210..1F23B, 1F240..1F248, 1F250..1F251, 1F260..1F265 |64 |- |Supplemental Symbols and Pictographs |1F930 |1 |- |CJK Unified Ideographs Extension B |22ADC, 230F2, 25B27, 26F28 |4 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !1472 |} ===Variation Sequences=== Here is a table with new standardized variation sequences: {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" |- !Character Sequence !Context !Description of Variation Appearance |- |1D49C FE00 | |chancery style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL A |- |212C FE00 | |chancery style # SCRIPT CAPITAL B |- |1D49E FE00 | |chancery style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL C |- |1D49F FE00 | |chancery style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL D |- |2130 FE00 | |chancery style # SCRIPT CAPITAL E |- |2131 FE00 | |chancery style # SCRIPT CAPITAL F |- |1D4A2 FE00 | |chancery style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL G |- |210B FE00 | |chancery style # SCRIPT CAPITAL H |- |2110 FE00 | |chancery style # SCRIPT CAPITAL I |- |1D4A5 FE00 | |chancery style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL J |- |1D4A6 FE00 | |chancery style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL K |- |2112 FE00 | |chancery style # SCRIPT CAPITAL L |- |2133 FE00 | |chancery style # SCRIPT CAPITAL M |- |1D4A9 FE00 | |chancery style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL N |- |1D4AA FE00 | |chancery style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL O |- |1D4AB FE00 | |chancery style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL P |- |1D4AC FE00 | |chancery style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL Q |- |211B FE00 | |chancery style # SCRIPT CAPITAL R |- |1D4AE FE00 | |chancery style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL S |- |1D4AF FE00 | |chancery style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL T |- |1D4B0 FE00 | |chancery style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL U |- |1D4B1 FE00 | |chancery style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL V |- |1D4B2 FE00 | |chancery style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL W |- |1D4B3 FE00 | |chancery style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL X |- |1D4B4 FE00 | |chancery style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL Y |- |1D4B5 FE00 | |chancery style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL Z |- |1D49C FE01 | |roundhand style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL A |- |212C FE01 | |roundhand style # SCRIPT CAPITAL B |- |1D49E FE01 | |roundhand style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL C |- |1D49F FE01 | |roundhand style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL D |- |2130 FE01 | |roundhand style # SCRIPT CAPITAL E |- |2131 FE01 | |roundhand style # SCRIPT CAPITAL F |- |1D4A2 FE01 | |roundhand style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL G |- |210B FE01 | |roundhand style # SCRIPT CAPITAL H |- |2110 FE01 | |roundhand style # SCRIPT CAPITAL I |- |1D4A5 FE01 | |roundhand style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL J |- |1D4A6 FE01 | |roundhand style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL K |- |2112 FE01 | |roundhand style # SCRIPT CAPITAL L |- |2133 FE01 | |roundhand style # SCRIPT CAPITAL M |- |1D4A9 FE01 | |roundhand style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL N |- |1D4AA FE01 | |roundhand style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL O |- |1D4AB FE01 | |roundhand style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL P |- |1D4AC FE01 | |roundhand style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL Q |- |211B FE01 | |roundhand style # SCRIPT CAPITAL R |- |1D4AE FE01 | |roundhand style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL S |- |1D4AF FE01 | |roundhand style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL T |- |1D4B0 FE01 | |roundhand style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL U |- |1D4B1 FE01 | |roundhand style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL V |- |1D4B2 FE01 | |roundhand style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL W |- |1D4B3 FE01 | |roundhand style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL X |- |1D4B4 FE01 | |roundhand style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL Y |- |1D4B5 FE01 | |roundhand style # MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL Z |} ===Named Sequences=== Here is a table with new named character sequences: {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" |- !Character Sequence !Name |- |0915 093C |DEVANAGARI SEQUENCE FOR LETTER QA |- |0916 093C |DEVANAGARI SEQUENCE FOR LETTER KHHA |- |0917 093C |DEVANAGARI SEQUENCE FOR LETTER GHHA |- |091C 093C |DEVANAGARI SEQUENCE FOR LETTER ZA |- |0921 093C |DEVANAGARI SEQUENCE FOR LETTER DDDHA |- |0922 093C |DEVANAGARI SEQUENCE FOR LETTER RHA |- |092B 093C |DEVANAGARI SEQUENCE FOR LETTER FA |- |092F 093C |DEVANAGARI SEQUENCE FOR LETTER YYA |- |09A1 09BC |BENGALI SEQUENCE FOR LETTER RRA |- |09A2 09BC |BENGALI SEQUENCE FOR LETTER RHA |- |09AF 09BC |BENGALI SEQUENCE FOR LETTER YYA |- |0A32 0A3C |GURMUKHI SEQUENCE FOR LETTER LLA |- |0A38 0A3C |GURMUKHI SEQUENCE FOR LETTER SHA |- |0A16 0A3C |GURMUKHI SEQUENCE FOR LETTER KHHA |- |0A17 0A3C |GURMUKHI SEQUENCE FOR LETTER GHHA |- |0A1C 0A3C |GURMUKHI SEQUENCE FOR LETTER ZA |- |0A2B 0A3C |GURMUKHI SEQUENCE FOR LETTER FA |- |0B21 0B3C |ORIYA SEQUENCE FOR LETTER RRA |- |0B22 0B3C |ORIYA SEQUENCE FOR LETTER RHA |} == Unicode 15.0 == Unicode 15.0 was released on September 13th, 2022. It encoded 149,186 characters, adding 4,489 new characters. === New blocks === * '''Arabic Extended-C''' (U+10EC0-U+10EFF), containing 3 characters, was added. * '''Devanagari Extended-A''' (U+11B00-U+11B5F), containing 10 characters, was added. * '''Kawi''' (U+11F00-U+11F5F), containing 86 characters, was added. * '''Kaktovik Numerals''' (U+1D2C0-U+1D2DF), containing 20 characters, was added. * '''Cyrillic Extended-D''' (U+1E030-U+1E08F), containing 63 characters, was added. * '''Nag Mundari''' (U+1E4D0-U+1E4FF), containing 42 characters, was added. * '''CJK Unified Ideographs Extension H''' (U+31350-U+323AF), containing 4192 characters, was added. === Extended blocks === * A Yamakkan (total 1 character) was added to '''Lao'''. (U+0ECE) * A combining Anusvara Above Right (total 1 character) was added to '''Kannada'''. (U+0CF3) * Letters Qa, Short I and Vocalic R (total 3 characters) were added to '''Khojki'''. (U+1123F-U+11241) * An additional hieroglyph to Group V (total 1 character) was added to '''Egyptian Hieroglyphs''' * Extended format controls (total 29 characters) were added to '''Egyptian Hieroglyph Format Controls'''. (U+13439-U+13455). The block was expanded from (U+13430-U+1343F) to (U+13430-U+1345F) * Hiragana and Katakana Small Ko (total 2 characters) were added to '''Small Kana Extension'''. (U+1B132 and U+1B155) * Letters for Malayalam transliteration (total 6 characters) were added to '''Latin Extended-G'''. (U+1DF25-U+1DF2A) * A Wireless emoji (total 1 character) was added to '''Transport and Map Symbols'''. (U+1F6DC) * A Nine Pointed White Star (total 1 character) was be added to '''Geometric Shapes Extended'''. (U+1F7D9) * A Lot of Fortune, eclipse symbols and symbols for dwarf planets (total 6 characters) were added to '''Alchemical symbols'''. (U+1F774-U+1F776 and U+1F77B-U+1F77F) * (total 20 characters) were added to '''Symbols and Pictographs Extended-A'''. (U+1FA75-U+1FA77, U+1FA87-U+1FA88, U+1FAAD-U+1FAAF, U+1FABB-U+1FABF, U+1FACE-U+1FACF, U+1FADA-U+1FADB, U+1FAE8 and U+1FAF7-U+1FAF8) * A disunified ideograph for Macao (total 1 character) was added to '''CJK Unified Ideographs Extension C'''. (U+2B739) ===Glyph Changes=== Here is a table with glyph changes: {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" !Block Name !Code Points !Count |- |IPA Extensions |025E, 029A |2 |- |United Canadian Aboriginal Syllabics |144B, 14D1, 1506, 15C0..15C3, 15E8..15EE, 1601, 1604..1607, 160A..160D, 1614..162D, 1630..163F, 1646..1647, 165A |66 |- |United Canadian Aboriginal Syllabics Extended |18DB, 18EC, 18F1..18F2, 18F5 |5 |- |Sundanese |1BBF |1 |- |Optical Character Recognition |2447 |1 |- |CJK Unified Ideographs Extension A |34DC, 3BF6, 3C43, 48B4, 4DBE |5 |- |CJK Unified Ideographs |585F, 5F50, 6BC0, 7BC9, 833E |5 |- |Cyrillic Extended-B |A66E |1 |- |Old Turkic |10C47 |1 |- |Egyptian Hieroglyphs |various (new standardized variation sequences) |94 |- |Khitan Small Script |18CCA |1 |- |Wancho (font update) |1E2C0..1E2F9, 1E2FF |59 |- |Alchemical Symbols (font update) |1F700..1F773 |116 |- |CJK Unified Ideographs Extension B |20048, 20A1C, 2143F, 21A5F, 21C08, 21FBA, 22ACF, 23392, 238A7, 23D8F, 23F4E, 25D20, 26E30, 27B48, 27C4F, 28633, 28B02, 28E9A, 29760, 2A60F |20 |- |CJK Unified Ideographs Extension C |2B249 |1 |- |CJK Unified Ideographs Extension E |2BB37, 2BD7D, 2C151, 2C1E0, 2C2D6, 2C5CA, 2C810, 2CD34 |8 |- |CJK Unified Ideographs Extension F |2CF4E, 2D25D, 2D3EC, 2D6A7, 2D7BA, 2D979, 2DA74, 2DA97, 2DC13, 2DDC0, 2DF10, 2DF78, 2E05A, 2E0AE, 2E516, 2E640, 2E680, 2EA63 |18 |- |CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement |2F804, 2F805, 2F833, 2F835, 2F84C, 2F84F, 2F852, 2F855, 2F887, 2F88B, 2F899, 2F8A0, 2F8A6, 2F8A7, 2F8AD, 2F8B1, 2F8B4, 2F8B7, 2F8BA, 2F8D0, 2F8E0..2F8E2, 2F8E5, 2F8E6, 2F8FE, 2F900, 2F901, 2F907, 2F912, 2F922, 2F926, 2F936, 2F938, 2F94E, 2F959, 2F95F, 2F96C, 2F99F, 2F9B8, 2F9BA, 2F9D3, 2F9DB, 2F9DC, 2F9E8, 2F9EA, 2F9EE, 2FA00, 2FA0D, 2FA1B |50 |- |CJK Unified Ideographs Extension G |302FC, 30723, 30A6D, 30CF7, 30DBF, 31006, 3105D |7 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !461 |} ===Variation Sequences=== Here is a table with new standardized variation sequences: {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" |- !Character Sequence !Context !Description of Variation Appearance |- |13091 FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH D027 |- |13092 FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH D027A |- |13093 FE01 | |rotated 180 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH D028 |- |130A9 FE01 | |rotated 180 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH D047 |- |1310F FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH F016 |- |13117 FE02 | |rotated 270 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH F023 |- |1311C FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH F028 |- |13121 FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH F032 |- |13127 FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH F037A |- |13139 FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH F051 |- |13139 FE02 | |rotated 270 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH F051 |- |13183 FE02 | |rotated 270 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH H005 |- |13187 FE01 | |rotated 180 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH H008 |- |131A0 FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH K006 |- |131A0 FE02 | |rotated 270 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH K006 |- |131B1 FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH M003 |- |131B1 FE01 | |rotated 180 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH M003 |- |131B8 FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH M009 |- |131B9 FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH M010 |- |131BA FE02 | |rotated 270 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH M010A |- |131CB FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH M017 |- |131EE FE01 | |rotated 180 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH M044 |- |131EE FE02 | |rotated 270 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH M044 |- |131F8 FE01 | |rotated 180 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH N010 |- |131F9 FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH N011 |- |131F9 FE01 | |rotated 180 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH N011 |- |131FA FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH N012 |- |131FA FE01 | |rotated 180 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH N012 |- |13216 FE02 | |rotated 270 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH N035 |- |13257 FE01 | |rotated 180 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH O006 |- |1327B FE02 | |rotated 270 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH O029 |- |1327F FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH O031 |- |1327F FE01 | |rotated 180 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH O031 |- |13285 FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH O036 |- |1328C FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH O039 |- |132A4 FE01 | |rotated 180 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH P008 |- |132A4 FE02 | |rotated 270 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH P008 |- |132AA FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH Q003 |- |132CB FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH R024 |- |132DC FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH S010 |- |132E7 FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH S018 |- |132E7 FE02 | |rotated 270 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH S018 |- |132E9 FE02 | |rotated 270 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH S020 |- |132F8 FE02 | |rotated 270 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH S033 |- |132FD FE02 | |rotated 270 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH S037 |- |13302 FE02 | |rotated 270 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH S042 |- |13303 FE02 | |rotated 270 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH S043 |- |13307 FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH T001 |- |13308 FE01 | |rotated 180 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH T002 |- |13310 FE02 | |rotated 270 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH T008 |- |13311 FE02 | |rotated 270 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH T008A |- |13312 FE01 | |rotated 180 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH T009 |- |13312 FE02 | |rotated 270 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH T009 |- |13313 FE01 | |rotated 180 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH T009A |- |13313 FE02 | |rotated 270 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH T009A |- |13314 FE01 | |rotated 180 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH T010 |- |13314 FE02 | |rotated 270 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH T010 |- |1331B FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH T016 |- |1331B FE01 | |rotated 180 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH T016 |- |1331C FE02 | |rotated 270 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH T016A |- |13321 FE01 | |rotated 180 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH T021 |- |13321 FE02 | |rotated 270 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH T021 |- |13322 FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH T022 |- |13322 FE01 | |rotated 180 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH T022 |- |13331 FE01 | |rotated 180 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH T035 |- |13331 FE02 | |rotated 270 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH T035 |- |1333B FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH U007 |- |1333C FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH U008 |- |1334A FE02 | |rotated 270 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH U022 |- |13361 FE02 | |rotated 270 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH U042 |- |13373 FE02 | |rotated 270 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH V007A |- |13377 FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH V010 |- |13378 FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH V011 |- |1337D FE02 | |rotated 270 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH V012A |- |13385 FE02 | |rotated 270 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH V019 |- |13399 FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH V026 |- |1339A FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH V027 |- |133AF FE02 | |rotated 270 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH W001 |- |133B0 FE02 | |rotated 270 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH W002 |- |133BF FE02 | |rotated 270 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH W014 |- |133D3 FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH X004A |- |133DD FE02 | |rotated 270 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH Y002 |- |133F2 FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH Z007 |- |133F5 FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH Z010 |- |133F6 FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH Z011 |- |13403 FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH Z015I |- |13416 FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH AA008 |- |13419 FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH AA011 |- |13419 FE01 | |rotated 180 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH AA011 |- |13419 FE02 | |rotated 270 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH AA011 |- |1341A FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH AA012 |- |13423 FE00 | |rotated 90 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH AA021 |- |1342C FE02 | |rotated 270 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH AA030 |- |1342E FE02 | |rotated 270 degrees # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH AA032 |- |13443 FE00 | |expanded # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH LOST SIGN |- |13444 FE00 | |expanded # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH HALF LOST SIGN |- |13445 FE00 | |expanded # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH TALL LOST SIGN |- |13446 FE00 | |expanded # EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH WIDE LOST SIGN |} == Unicode 15.1 == Unicode 15.1 was released on September 12th, 2023. It encoded 149,813 characters, adding 627 new characters. === New Blocks === * '''CJK Unified Ideographs Extension I''' (U+2EBF0-U+2EE5F), containing 622 characters, was added. === Extended Blocks === * 4 Ideographic characters were added to '''Ideographic Description Characters'''. (U+2FFC-U+2FFF) * An Ideographic subtraction (total 1 character) was added to '''CJK Strokes'''. (U+31EF) === Glyph Changes === Here is a table with glyph changes: {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" !Block Name !Code Points !Count |- |CJK Unified Ideographs Extension A |357E, 358B..358E, 3599..359D, 35AF..35B0, 35B2..35B3, 35DF..35E1, 35EF, 360F, 3612, 3F94, 44D5, 48EE |5 |- |CJK Unified Ideographs |5098, 512D, 517A, 5391, 54DB, 551C, 551F, 55B8, 55ED, 56AB, 591E, 594A, 5B2E, 5DFC..5DFD, 5EE4, 609E, 65B0, 65B3, 65D5, 65F2, 67B2, 6AB6, 6AEC, 6C69, 6FC2, 6FD3, 7019, 7361, 74BD, 7934, 820B, 826E, 83BB, 8412, 8456, 848A, 896F, 8E34, 8FD7, 9166, 9855, 985E, 9C4D |5 |- |Latin Extended-D |A798 |1 |- |Latin Extended-E |AB5A |1 |- |Tangut |17105, 172A4, 17BD1..17BD3, 17EF9, 18136 |59 |- |Alchemical Symbols |1F741, 1F747, 1F74C, 1F74F, 1F756, 1F758, 1F763, 1F768, 1F76D, 1F76E |116 |- |CJK Unified Ideographs Extension B |20302, 2087A, 20C00, 230B7, 2339E, 236EF, 237C3, 23B87, 23CC0, 23CD9, 23E5E, 2486F, 249D6, 249E8, 24D6A, 2585E, 25D89, 26A5A..26A5B, 26A73, 26A82..26A83, 26A90, 26AA6, 26AA8, 26AD8, 27350, 279F8, 284A3, 28BBA, 29516, 29530 |20 |- |CJK Unified Ideographs Extension C |2A741, 2AB63, 2ACD8, 2AF6F, 2B173, 2B490 |1 |- |CJK Unified Ideographs Extension E |2BC2E, 2BF45, 2C04C, 2C13A, 2C43C, 2C43E, 2C816 |8 |- |CJK Unified Ideographs Extension F |2D1CC..2D1CD, 2D1DD, 2D1E4, 2D1F7, 2D203, 2D256, 2D266, 2D2A2, 2D2AC, 2D2DA |18 |- |CJK Unified Ideographs Extension G |301D4, 301D9, 301E4, 301E8, 301FF..30200, 30205, 3020C, 30211, 30215..30217, 30220, 30234..30235, 30237 |7 |- |CJK Unified Ideographs Extension H |314B7, 31542, 31569, 31C7F, 31D5A, 31F68 |7 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !164 |} == Unicode 16.0 == Unicode 16.0 was released on September 10th, 2024. It encoded 154,998 characters, adding 5,185 new characters. === New Blocks === * '''Todhri''' (U+105C0-U+105FF), containing 52 characters, was added. * '''Garay''' (U+10D40-U+10D8F), containing 69 characters, was added. * '''Tulu-Tigalari''' (U+11380-U+113FF), containing 80 characters, was added. * '''Myanmar Extended-C''' (U+116D0-U+116FF), containing 20 characters, was added. * '''Sunuwar''' (U+11BC0-U+11BFF), containing 44 characters, was added. * '''Egyptian Hieroglyphs Extended-A''' (U+13460-U+143FF), containing 3995 characters, was added. * '''Gurung Khema''' (U+16100-U+1613F), containing 58 characters, was added. * '''Kirat Rai''' (U+16D40-U+16D7F), containing 58 characters, was added. * '''Symbols for Legacy Computing Supplement''' (U+1CC00-U+1CEBF), containing 686 characters, was added. * '''Ol Onal''' (U+1E5D0-U+1E5FF), containing 44 characters, was added. === Extended Blocks === * A combining diacritical mark for Jawi (total 1 character) was added to '''Arabic Extended-B'''. (U+0897) * Inverted letters and a punctuation mark (total 3 characters) was added to '''Balinese'''. (U+1B4E-U+1B4F and U+1B7F) * A letter Tje (total 2 characters) was added to '''Cyrillic Extended-C'''. (U+1C89-U+1C8A) * Legacy computing symbols for Delete (total 3 characters) was added to '''Control Pictures'''. (U+2427-U+2429) * CJK strokes HXG and SZP (total 2 characters) was added to '''CJK Strokes'''. (U+31E4-U+31E5) * A capital Rams Horn, an S with Diagonal Stroke, Lamda Letters, and letters for Wakashan and Salishan Languages (total 6 characters) was added to '''Latin Extended-D'''. (U+A7CB-U+A7CD, U+A7DA-U+A7DC) * A combining Alef overlay and letters with two dots vertically below (total 4 characters) was added to '''Arabic Extended-C'''. (U+10EC2-U+10EC4 and U+10EFC) * A sign Nukta (total 1 character) was added to '''Kawi'''. (U+11F5A) * A blank character (total 1 character) was added to '''Khitan Small Script'''. (U+18CFF) * A rightwards arrow with hook, and arrows for legacy computing and arrows for Egyptology (total 12 characters) was added to '''Supplemental Arrows-C'''. (U+1F8B2-U+1F8BB, U+1F8C0-U+1F8C1) * A Harp, Shovel, Leafless Tree, Fingerprint, Root Vegetable, Splatter, and Face with Bags Under Eyes (total 7 characters) was added to '''Symbols and Pictographs Extended-A'''. (U+1FA89, U+1FA8F, U+1FABE, U+1FAC6, U+1FADC, U+1FADF, and U+1FAE9) * Graphic shapes for legacy computing (total 37 characters) was added to '''Symbols for Legacy Computing'''. (U+1FBCB-U+1FBEF) == Unicode 17.0 == Unicode 17.0 was released on September 9th, 2025. It encoded 159,801 characters, adding 4,083 new characters. === New Blocks === * '''Sidetic''' (U+10940-U+1095F), containing 26 characters, was added. * '''Sharada Supplement''' (U+11B60-U+11B7F), containing 8 characters, was added. * '''Tolong Siki''' (U+11DB0-U+11DEF), containing 54 characters, was added. * '''Beria Erfe''' (U+16EA0-U+16EDF), containing 50 characters, was added. * '''Tangut Components Supplement''' (U+18D80-U+18DFF), containing 115 characters, was added. * '''Miscellaneous Symbols Supplement''' (U+1CEC0-U+1CEFF), containing 34 characters, was added. * '''Tai Yo''' (U+1E6C0-U+1E6FF), containing 55 characters, was added. * '''CJK Unified Ideographs Extension J''' (U+323B0-U+3347F), containing 4298 characters, was added. === Extended Blocks === * A Noon with Ring Above (total 1 character) was added to '''Arabic Extended-B'''. (U+088F) * An archaic ligature Shrii (total 1 character) was added to '''Telugu'''. (U+0C5C) * An archaic ligature Shrii (total 1 character) was added to '''Kannada'''. (U+0CDC) * Compound tone and harrington diacritics (total 26 characters) was to '''Combining Diacritical Marks Extended'''. (U+1ACF-U+1ADD, U+1AE0-U+1AEB) * Saudi Riyal Sign (total 1 character) was added to '''Currency Symbols'''. (U+20C1) * Equal Sign with Infinity Above (total 1 character) was added to '''Miscellaneous Symbols and Arrows'''. (U+2B96) * 2 capital letters for Middle English, Latin pharyngeal voiced fricative, and Modifier Letter Capital S (total 5 characters) was added to '''Latin Extended-D'''. (U+A7CE-U+A7CF, U+A7D2, U+A7D4, U+A7F1) * Arabic Ligature Rahmatu Allaahi Alayh and Arabic Honorifics (total 25 characters) was added to '''Arabic Presentation Forms-A'''. (U+FBC3-U+FBD2, U+FD90, U+FD91, U+FDC8-U+FDCE) * A Small Yeh Barree with Two Dots Below, Thin Noon, Biblical End of Verse, Yeh with Four Dots Below, Honorifics, Double Vertical Bar Below, and Small Low Noon (total 14 characters) was added to '''Arabic Extended-C'''. (U+10EC5-U+10EC7, U+10ED0-U+10ED8, U+10EFA-U+10EFB) * Chinese Simplified and Traditional Er and Yangqin Slow Signs Two, Three, and Four (total 5 characters) was added to '''Ideographic Symbols and Punctuation'''. (U+16FF2-U+16FF6) * Some additional ideographs (total 8 characters) was added to '''Tangut'''. (U+187F8-U+187FF) * Additional ideographs (total 22 characters) was added to '''Tangut Supplement'''. (U+18D09-U+18D1E) * Nine symbols (total 9 characters) was added to '''Symbols for Legacy Computing Supplement'''. (U+1CCFA-U+1CCFC, U+1CEBA-1CEBF) * A Landslide (total 1 character) was added to '''Transport and Map Symbols'''. (U+1F6D8) * Historical asteroid symbols (total 4 characters) was added to '''Alchemical Symbols'''. (U+1F777-U+1F77A) * Chemical symbols (total 9 characters) was added to '''Supplemental Arrows-C'''. (U+1F8D0-U+1F8D8) * White and Black Chess Ferz and Alfil (total 4 characters) was added to '''Chess Symbols'''. (U+1FA54-U+1FA57) * A trombone, treasure chest, hairy creature, orca, distorted face, and fight cloud (total 6 characters) was added to '''Symbols and Pictographs Extended-A'''. (U+1FA8A, U+1FA8E, U+1FAC8, U+1FACD, U+1FAEA, and U+1FAEF) * An alarm bell symbol (total 1 character) was added to '''Symbols for Legacy Computing'''. (U+1FBFA) * Additional ideographs (total 6 characters) was added to '''CJK Unified Ideographs Extension C'''. (U+2B73A-U+2B73F) * Additional ideographs (total 12 characters) was added to '''CJK Unified Ideographs Extension E'''. (U+2CEA2-U+2CEAD) == Unicode 18.0 == Unicode 18.0 was released on September 16, 2026. It encoded 172,808 characters, adding 13,007 new characters. === New Blocks === *'''Bengali Supplement''' (U+11DF0-U+11DFF), containing 2 characters, was added. * '''Archaic Cuneiform Numerals''' (U+12550-U+1268F), containing 311 characters, was added. * '''Jurchen''' (U+18E00-U+1919F), containing 914 characters, was added. * '''Jurchen Radicals''' (U+191A0-U+191DF), containing 51 characters, was added. * '''Musical Symbols Supplement''' (U+1D250-U+1D28F), containing 50 characters, was added. * '''Miscellaneous Symbols and Arrows Extended''' (U+1DB00-U+1DBFF), containing 29 characters, was added. * '''Seal Script''' (U+3D000-U+3FC3F), containing 11328 characters, was added. === Extended Blocks === * Modifier letters Eh, Ini, and Yi (total 3 characters) was added to '''Armenian'''. (U+0558, U+058B-U+058C) * Hebrew Point Sheva Na Mudgash and Hebrew Point Dagesh Hazaq Mudgash (total 2 characters) was added to '''Hebrew'''. (U+05C8-U+05C9) * Signs for dot above and double dot above (total 2 characters) was added to '''Oriya'''. (U+0B53-U+0B54) * Alternate positioned IPA diacritics and diacritics for Chao and Khoe (total 7 characters) was added to '''Combining Diacritical Marks Extended'''. (U+1ADE-U+1ADF, U+1AEC-U+1AF0) * Latin subscript small letter w, y, and z and Modifier letter high and low vertical line (total 4 characters) was added to '''Superscripts and Subscripts'''. (U+208F, U+209D-U+209F) * Rufiyaa Sign, UAE Dirham Sign, and Omani Rial (total 3 characters) was added to '''Currency Symbols'''. (U+20C2-U+20C4) * Two Wiggly Exclamation Marks and Two Parenthesis with Middle Ring (total 4 characters) was added to '''Supplemental Punctuation'''. (U+2E60-U+2E63) * Latin capital letter closed omega and Latin capital letter r with long leg and (total 2 characters) was added to '''Latin Extended-D'''. (U+A7DD and U+A7E2) * Latin capital letter script r and script r with ring (total 2 characters) was added to '''Latin Extended-E'''. (U+AB6C-U+AB6D) * Latin modifier letters for clicks (total 5 characters) was added to '''Latin Extended-F'''. (U+107BB-U+107BF) * Arabic Crown Letters, Quranic Characters, and Arabic Crown (total 39 characters) was added to '''Arabic Extended-C'''. (U+10EC9-U+10ECF, U+10ED9-U+10EEE, U+10EF0-U+10EF9) * Devanagari Letter Alternate Ddda (total 1 character) was added to '''Devanagari Extended-A'''. (U+11B0A) * Extended Cuneiform Numeric Signs (total 12 characters) was added to '''Cuneiform Numbers and Punctuation'''. (U+1246F, U+12475-U+1247F) * Jurchen Small Script characters (total 5 characters) was added to '''Khitan Small Script'''. (U+18CD6-U+18CDA) * Two additional ideographs (total 2 characters) was added to '''Tangut Supplement'''. (U+18D1F-U+18D20) * Hiragana Digraph Koto, Katakana Diagraphs Toki, Tote, and Yori, letters alternate Ne, and Wi (total 6 characters) was added to '''Kana Extended-A'''. (U+1B123-U+1B128) * Katakana letter small archaic Ye (total 1 character) was added to '''Small Kana Extension'''. (U+1B168) * Leibnizian alchemical symbols, Leibnizian cossic characters, and Leibnizian mathematical signs and symbols (total 19 characters) was added to '''Miscellaneous Symbols Supplement'''. (U+1CED2-U+1CED4, U+1CEDD-U+1CEDF, U+1CEF1-U+1CEFD) * Stein Zimmerman Symbols, Digit Slash Symbols, and other Symbols (total 23 characters) was added to '''Musical Symbols'''. (U+1D127-U+1D128, U+1D1EB-U+1D1FF) * Mathematical italic long s with descender s (U+1D6A6) was added to '''Mathematical Alphanumeric Symbols'''. * Affricate ligatures, letters with palatal hook, barred letters, RFE letters, Initial Teaching Alphabet, English Phonotypic Alphabet, Leibnizian cossic characters, and modifier letters (total 151 characters) was added to '''Latin Extended-G'''. (U+1DF1F-U+1DF24, U+1DF2B-U+1DF81, U+1DF90-U+1DF96, U+1DFCD-U+1DFFF) * A Tomobiki symbol (total 1 character) was added to '''Enclosed Alphanumeric Supplement'''. (U+1F1AE) * A lighthouse (total 1 character) was added to '''Transport and Map Symbols'''. (U+1F6D9) * A black circle with white vertical bar, and Extended Geometric Shapes (total 17 characters) was added to '''Geometric Shapes Extended'''. (U+1F7DA-U+1F7DB, U+1F7F1-U+1F7FF) * A meteor, eraser, net with handle, monarch butterfly, pickle, cracking face, leftwards thumb sign, and rightwards thumb sign (total 8 characters) was added to '''Symbols and Pictographs Extended-A'''. (U+1FA8B-1FA8D, U+1FACC, U+1FADD, U+1FAEB, U+1FAF9-1FAFA) * An additional ideograph (total 1 character) was added to '''CJK Unified Ideographs Extension D'''. (U+2B81E) == Unicode 19.0== Unicode 19.0 will be released in late 2027. === New Blocks === * '''Sirmauri''' (U+11850-U+1188F), containing 55 characters, will be added. * '''Proto-Cuneiform''' (U+12690-U+12ECF), containing 1392 characters, will be added. * '''Chisoi''' (U+16D80-U+16DAF), containing 40 characters, will be added. * '''Leibnizian Ambiguous Signs''' (U+1DC00-U+1DC3F), containing 54 characters, will be added. * '''CJK Unified Ideographs Components-A''' (U+2FA20-U+2FA9F), containing 119 characters, will be added. * '''CJK Unified Ideographs Components-B''' (U+2FAA0-U+2FC1F), containing 375 characters, will be added. === Extended Blocks === * Telugu Sign Spacing Candrabindu (total 1 character) will be added to '''Telugu'''. (U+0C70) * Kannada Signs Ardhanusvara and Combining Anusvara Above (total 1 character) will be added to '''Kannada'''. (U+0CF0 and U+0CF4) * Cyrillic small letter Yeru with connecting bar (total 1 character) will be added to '''Cyrillic Extended-C'''. (U+1C8B) * Belarusian Ruble sign (total 1 characters) will be added to '''Currency Symbols'''. (U+20C5) * Combining Long Triple Solidus Overlay and Combining Saltire Overlay (total 2 characters) will be added to '''Combining Diacritical Marks for Symbols'''. (U+20F1-U+20F2) * Latin capital letter u with left hook (total 1 character) will be added to '''Latin Extended-E'''. (U+AB6E) * Arabic Dotless Half-Yeh and Half-Yeh (total 2 characters) will be added to '''Arabic Extended-C'''. (U+10EC0-U+10EC1) * Brahmi minimizing virama (total 1 character) will be added to '''Brahmi'''. (U+1107E) * Tulu-Tigalari letter combining anusvara above, signs om pushpika with tail and shrii pushpika, and letter archaic II (total 5 characters) will be added to '''Tulu-Tigalari'''. (U+113CB, U+113D9-U+113DB) * Dogra Signs Candrabindu and Avaragha (total 2 characters) will be added to '''Dogra'''. (U+1183C-U+1183D) * Devanagari Jivamuliya and Upadhmaniya (total 2 characters) will be added to '''Devanagari Extended-A'''. (U+11B0B-U+11B0C) * White Ideographic Comma and Double Ideographic Full Stop (total 2 characters) will be added to '''Ideographic Symbols and Punctuation'''. (U+16FE5-U+16FE6) * Alchemical Symbol for Calx-2 and Alchemical Symbol for Retort-2 (total 2 characters) will be added to '''Miscellaneous Symbols Supplement'''. (U+1CED1, U+1CED5) * Leibnizian letterlike symbols and miscellaneous symbols (total 15 characters) will be added to '''Miscellaneous Symbols and Arrows Extended'''. (U+1DB1D-U+1DB2B) * Small w with palatal hook, small n and r with double middle tilde, small capital i with retroflex hook, small open q, x with stroke, small wavy y, schwa with right hook, and modifier letter accents (total 17 characters) will be added to '''Latin Extended-G'''. (U+1DF82-U+1DF8A, U+1DFC5-U+1DFCC) == Code Points Provisionally Assigned== This is a section where you can add any upcoming Unicode characters that have been [https://www.unicode.org/alloc/Pipeline.html#codepoint_reservation provisionally assigned for mature proposals] (but not yet accepted) for a future update of The Unicode Standard. === New Blocks === * '''Arabic Extended-D''' (U+10D90-U+10E5F), containing 3 characters, will be added. * '''Leke''' (U+11B80-U+11BBF), containing 55 characters, will be added. * '''Mayan Hieroglyphs''' (U+15500-U+156EF), containing 481 characters, will be added. * '''Mayan Hieroglyph Format Controls''' (U+156F0-U+1570F), containing 32 characters, will be added. * '''Kore Sebeli''' (U+15B00-U+15B6F), containing 93 characters, will be added. * '''Mwangwego''' (U+16E00-U+16E3F), containing 64 characters, will be added. * '''Shaaldaa''' (U+1C800-U+1CB2F), containing 804 characters, will be added. * '''Ndiko Jonam''' (U+1CB30-U+1CB7F), containing 69 characters, will be added. * '''N<nowiki>'</nowiki>ti''' (U+1CB80-U+1CBAF), containing 47 characters, will be added. === Extended Blocks === * Arabic Letter Alif Maksura with Comma Above (total 1 character) will be added to '''Arabic'''. (U+0892) * Mongolian Letter Manchu Alternative Ue (total 1 character) will be added to '''Mongolian'''. (U+1879) * Combining Grave-Acute-Macron, Combining inverted lazy s above, and Combining comma above and acute, and combining left-joined acute-macron (total 4 characters) will be added to '''Combining Diacritical Marks Extended'''. (U+1AF1-U+1AF4) * Ruble sign with double vertical stem (total 1 character) will be added to '''Currency Symbols'''. (U+20CF) * Latin capital and small letter i with oblique stroke (total 2 characters) will be added to '''Latin Extended-D'''. (U+A7DE-U+A7DF) * Latin capital letter turned w (total 1 character) will be added to '''Latin Extended-E'''. (U+AB6F) * Arabic Dotless Half-Jeem and Astronomical Kaf (total 2 characters) will be added to '''Arabic Extended-C'''. (U+10EC8, U+10EEF) * Newa Letter Heavy Ya (total 1 character) will be added to '''Newa'''. (U+11462) * Devanagari sign final anusvara, continuation sign, and correction mark for vowel signs (total 3 characters) will be added to '''Devanagari Extended-A'''. (U+11B0D-U+11B0F) * Musical Symbol down arrowhead breath mark (total 1 character) will be added to '''Musical Symbols Supplement'''. (U+1D282) * Romance dialectology symbols, zh ligature, Albanian letter edhe, Albanian Frashëri letters, dotless i with descender, small turned dotless i, English Phonotypic Alphabet additions, and Modifier letter capital y (total 28 characters) will be added to '''Latin Extended-G'''. (U+1DF8B-U+1DF8F, U+1DF97-U+1DFAD, U+1DFC4) * South Slavic Cyrillic modifier letters (total 6 characters) will be added to '''Cyrillic Extended-D'''. (U+1E06E-U+1E073) *Arabic Astronomical zero and five astronomical symbols (total 6 characters) will be added to '''Arabic Mathematical Alphabetic Symbols'''. (U+1EEE0-U+1EEE5) ==Roadmap Blocks== This is a section where proportional maps of proposed allocations to Unicode and ISO/IEC 10646 are presented. Italic indicates scripts for which detailed proposals have not yet been written.<ref>[https://unicode.org/roadmaps/smp/]</ref> * '''Northern Palaeohispanic''' (U+10200-U+1023F) * '''Southern Palaeohispanic''' (U+10240-U+1027F) * '''Shavian Quikscript''' (U+103E0-U+103FF) * '''Combining Diacritical Marks Extended-A''' (U+107C0-U+107FF) * '''Proto-Sinaitic''' (U+108B0-U+108DF) * '''''Numidian''' (U+10960-U+1097F)'' * '''Balti''' (U+10AA0-U+10ABF) * '''Book Pahlavi''' (U+10BB0-U+10BDF) * '''Baburi''' (U+10BE0-U+10BFF) * '''Landa''' (U+11250-U+1127F) * '''Tani Lipi''' (U+114E0-U+114FF) * '''Ranjana''' (U+11500-U+1157F) * '''Zou''' (U+11750-U+117AF) * '''Pyu''' (U+117B0-U+117FF) * '''Vateluttu''' (U+11960-U+1199F) * '''Balti-B''' (U+11CC0-U+11CFF) * '''Tocharian''' (U+11E00-U+11E6F) * '''Khotanese''' (U+11E70-U+11ECF) * '''Pallava''' (U+11F60-U+11FAF) * '''''Egyptian Hieroglyphs Extended-B''' (U+14680-U+151FF)'' * '''Mayan Hieroglyphs Extended-A''' (U+15710-U+15AFF) * '''Mandombe''' (U+15B80-U+15FFF) * '''Wei Rma''' (U+16000-U+1604F) * '''Wagindara''' (U+16050-U+1607F) * '''Kurukh Banna''' (U+16140-U+1618F) * '''Moon''' (U+161A0-U+161FF) * '''Blissymbols''' (U+16200-U+167FF) * '''Woleai''' (U+16B90-U+16BFF) * '''Kpelle''' (U+16C00-U+16C7F) * '''Tikamuli''' (U+16C80-U+16CBF) * '''Tangsa (Khimhun)''' (U+16CD0-U+16CFF) * '''Afaka''' (U+16D00-U+16D3F) * '''Kulitan''' (U+16DD0-U+16DFF) * '''''Bopomofo Extended-A''' (U+16FA0-U+16FAF)'' * '''Kanbun Extended-A''' (U+16FB0-U+16FDF) * '''Khitan Large Script''' (U+19200-U+199FF) * '''Pau Cin Hau Syllabary''' (U+19E00-U+1A2FF) * '''Eskaya''' (U+1A300-U+1A75F) * '''Rejang Extended''' (U+1A760-U+1A77F) * '''''Kaida''''' (U+1A780-U+1A7FF) * '''Naxi Dongba''' (U+1A800-U+1ACFF) * '''''Naxi Geba''' (U+1AD00-U+1AFCF)'' * '''''Kana Extended-C''' (U+1AFD0-U+1AFEF)'' * '''Shuishu Logograms''' (U+1B300-U+1B5FF) * '''Lisu Syllabic Script''' (U+1B600-U+1B9FF) * '''Indus''' (U+1BA00-U+1BB8F) * '''Pitman Shorthand''' (U+1BCB0-U+1BCFF) * '''Proto-Elamite''' (U+1BE00-U+1C37F) * '''Linear Elamite''' (U+1C380-U+1C4FF) * '''Old Chinese Musical Symbols (Flute and Pipa)''' (U+1D290-U+1D2BF) * '''''Mathematical Alphanumeric Symbols Supplement''' (U+1D380-U+1D3FF)'' * '''Jianzi Format Controls''' (U+1DAE0-U+1DAFF) * '''Eebee Hmong''' (U+1E150-U+1E1FF) * '''Western Cham''' (U+1E200-U+1E26F) * '''Loma''' (U+1E300-U+1E41F) * '''Bagam''' (U+1E420-U+1E4CF) * '''Pungchen''' (U+1E500-U+1E52F) * '''''Pungchung''' (U+1E530-U+1E55F)'' * '''''Marchung''' (U+1E560-U+1E59F)'' * '''Brusha''' (U+1E5A0-U+1E5CF) * '''''Chola''' (U+1E600-U+1E65F)'' * '''Box-Headed''' (U+1E660-U+1E6BF) * '''Lampung''' (U+1E700-U+1E73F) * '''Kerinci''' (U+1E740-U+1E76F) * '''Buginese Supplement''' (U+1E770-U+1E7BF) * '''''Lontara Bilang-Bilang''' (U+1E7C0-U+1E7DF)'' * '''N'Ko Supplement''' (U+1E960-1E97F) * '''''Byblos''''' (U+1EB90-U+1EBFF) * '''Persian Siyaq Numbers''' (U+1EC00-U+1EC7F) * '''Diwani Siyaq Numbers''' (U+1ECC0-U+1ECFF) * '''''Extended Pictographic Characters''' (U+1FC00-U+1FFFF)'' == References == {{reflist}} ckq8fesoawmeuuwx0yzux5dndtakc0p SuperCard Programming/Basics/Project Structure 0 105558 4679420 4198716 2026-11-01T08:40:00Z WereSpielChequers 248949 typo 4679420 wikitext text/x-wiki ==Projects== SuperCard files are usually referred to as projects. A project can be: *edited and played in Supercard *played in the Supercard Player *turned into a Macintosh Application with the Standalone builder. A SuperCard project can contain: * Windows, these windows contain one or more cards which contain the interface elements: **buttons **[[superCard Programming/Basics/Fields|fields]] **graphics * Menus * Resources Supercard Projects can use: *external files *QuickTime movies *sounds *text *other files A Supercard project must contain one window, but the other elements are optional. Using SuperTalk we can find out a lot about a project from: <pre> the properties of the project </pre> and <pre> describe(this project,all) </pre> ==Windows== SuperCard displays its contents in standard (or custom) Macintosh windows. The windows can be Dialog, Movable, Palette, Plain, Scrolling, Shadow or Standard Style. You can also create custom windows of any shape in these styles: customWindow, customDialog, customPalette. A project can be made up of one or many windows, the windows in a project can be any of the possible styles. Windows do not have any parts, they contain cards which contains the other interface elements. You can retrieve a list of cards and backgrounds with ''describe(windowDescriptor, all)'' ==Cards== Windows can be thought of as a pack of cards. Cards can be thought of as slides in a slide show or index cards of a rolodex. A window contains at least one card. Cards contain the interface elements: buttons, [[superCard Programming/Basics/Fields|fields]] and graphics. Cards can also display video, QuickTime and other media. Cards have two layers the card layer and a background layer that is shared by one or more cards. A list of objects on a card can be obtained with SuperTalk: ''describe(cardDescriptor,all)'' == Background == Objects on a background appear on all the cards that share that background. Navigation buttons are an example of common background content. If you create a new card it will share the background with the current card. Creating a new Background will create a background and the first card of that background. A list of objects on a Background can be obtained with SuperTalk: ''describe(backgroundDescriptor,all)'' ==Parts== Parts or Objects There are three main types of card parts. These can be on the card or the background layer: *buttons *[[superCard Programming/Basics/Fields|fields]] *graphics Parts are added to a card (or background) by choosing the appropriate tool and drawing them. For example you can choose the Round Rectangle button tool from the RTE's tool palette and draw a button. You can then double click it with the pointer tool and its info dialog will open and you can set it properties. Parts can also be created with a SuperTalk script. In SuperTalk scripts parts can be referred to in three ways, by id, name or number. The id is given to an object by SuperCard when it is created in such a way it will be unique. The name can be give to an object via the Object Info dialog or with SuperTalk, it is not necessarily unique and can be changed. The Number is the objects stacking order. {{BookCat}} kqo3bt2auvjvfbhbth3rx5bio3gpe6x Template:Rfd warning 10 134337 4679375 4678864 2026-11-01T00:15:55Z DVD206 724793 /* {{{1}}} */ 4679375 wikitext text/x-wiki ==[[:{{{1}}}]]== The book with three volumes id my maths notes in 30 years. I'd like to keep working on it. The AI output was deleted in couple of chapters... {{tmbox|type=delete|text='''<includeonly>{{{{{|safesubst:}}}PAGENAME}}</includeonly><noinclude>Contributor</noinclude>, please [[Wikibooks:Requests for deletion<includeonly>#{{{3|{{{1}}}}}}</includeonly>|share your thoughts]] about whether to [[WB:WIW|keep]] or [[WB:DP|delete]] <includeonly>"[[:{{{1}}}|{{{1}}}]]"</includeonly><noinclude>some book</noinclude>.'''<br />You are being notified because you have contributed to this work. {{{2|}}}}}<noinclude> {{Documentation|content= {{Subst only}} ==Usage== {{info|Please remember to substitute the template using {{tlxs|rfd warning|<pagename>|<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>}} instead of {{tlx|rfd warning|<pagename>|<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>}}.}} [[Category:User warning templates|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Category:Deletion templates|{{PAGENAME}}]] }}</noinclude> 35t4i2f4hy5cykid8bifvpf7ld2us0t Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Land Rover/VIN Codes 0 142029 4679385 4679074 2026-11-01T01:49:33Z JustTheFacts33 3434282 /* Trim Level/Drive Wheels/GVWR/Restraint System (Position 5) */ 4679385 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Warning}}{{clear}} From 1948 to the early eighties, Land Rover used for their cars chassis numbers of their own format. These formats are described in the table below. Since 1980 Land Rover deploys the standard 17-character Vehicle Identification Number ('''VIN'''), complying with international standards. Car details can be derived (decoded, calculated) from the chassis numbers and the VIN. Typically, the model (Defender, Discovery, Range Rover, Freelander), model type (station wagon, three/four door, etc), wheelbase (90 inch, 100 inch, 110 inch, etc.), engine, LHD/RHD, gearbox, and model year is included in the VIN. ===Chassis number formats over the years=== <table> <tr><th>Description</th><th>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</th><th>Format</th></tr> <tr><td>17-characters, International VIN, 1980-later</td><td></td><td>SAL..............</td></tr> <tr><td>17-characters, Int. VIN for LR do Brazil </td><td></td><td>93R..............</td></tr> <tr><td>17-characters, Int. VIN for AAD, 1985-1995 </td><td></td><td>AAD..............</td></tr> <tr><td>17-characters, US/Canada VIN, 1987-later </td><td></td><td>SAL.................</td></tr> <tr><td>17-characters, Brazil VIN for JLR Brazil, 2016-later </td><td></td><td>99J.................</td></tr> <tr></tr> <tr><td>14-characters: is actually the 17-char</td></tr> <tr><td>VIN missing the SAL bit</td></tr> <tr><td> <tr><td>9-character numbers, 1955 </td><td></td><td>17.6.....</td></tr> <tr><td>9-character numbers, 1956 to 1961 </td><td></td><td>1........</td></tr> <tr><td>9-character numbers, 1950 </td><td></td><td>L........ or R........</td></tr> <tr><td>9-character numbers, 1962 to 1979 </td><td></td><td>.........</td></tr> <tr></tr> <tr><td>8-character numbers, 1948 to 1949 </td><td></td><td>.8......</td></tr> <tr><td>8-character numbers, 1950 to 1953 </td><td></td><td>.6......</td></tr> <tr><td>8-character numbers, 1954 to 1955 </td><td></td><td>.7......</td></tr> <tr></tr> <tr><td>7-character numbers, 1948 to 1949 </td><td></td><td>.......</td></tr> <tr><td>6-character numbers, ???? prototypes </td><td></td><td>110F..</td></tr> <tr><td>3-character numbers, 1948 prototypes </td><td></td><td>R.. or L..</td></tr> </table> ===Land Rover WMIs (1981-) (Position 1-3)=== * SAL - Land Rover (UK & Europe) * 99J - JLR Brazil * L2C - Chery Jaguar Land Rover (China) ===Model Line=== {| class="wikitable" |+Position 4 !VIN code !Description |- |A |[[w:Land Rover Discovery#Discovery 3 / LR3 (2004–2009)|Land Rover LR3]] ('05-'09) |- |A |[[w:Land Rover Discovery#Discovery 4 / LR4 (2009–2016)|Land Rover LR4]] ('10-'16) |- |C |[[w:Land Rover Discovery Sport|Land Rover Discovery Sport]] ('15-'26) |- |D |[[w:Land Rover Defender#North American Specification (NAS) Defenders|Land Rover Defender]] ('93-'95, '97) |- |E |[[w:Land Rover Defender (L663)|Land Rover Defender (L663)]] ('20-) |- |F |[[w:Land Rover Freelander#Freelander 2 (L359; 2006–2015)|Land Rover LR2]] ('08-'15) |- |G |[[w:Range Rover (L405)|Land Rover Range Rover (L405)]] (4th gen.) ('13-'22) |- |H |[[w:Range Rover Classic|Land Rover Range Rover/Range Rover Classic]] (1st gen.) ('87-'95) |- |J |[[w:Land Rover Discovery#First & Second generation Discovery|Land Rover Discovery]] ('94-'98 & '99 Discovery SD) |- |K |[[w:Range Rover (L460)|Land Rover Range Rover (L460)]] (5th gen.) (Mid '22-) |- |M |[[w:Range Rover (L322)|Land Rover Range Rover (L322)]] (3rd gen.) ('03-'12) |- |N |[[w:Land Rover Freelander#Freelander in North America|Land Rover Freelander]] ('02-'05) |- |P |[[w:Range Rover (P38A)|Land Rover Range Rover (P38A)]] (2nd gen.) ('95-'02) |- |R |[[w:Land Rover Discovery#Fifth generation Discovery (L462; 2017–present)|Land Rover Discovery]] ('17-) |- |S |[[w:Range Rover Sport#First generation (L320; 2005)|Land Rover Range Rover Sport]] (1st gen.) ('06-'13) |- |T |[[w:Land Rover Discovery#Discovery Series II (L318; 1998–2004)|Land Rover Discovery Series II]] ('99-'04) |- |V |[[w:Range Rover Evoque#First generation (L538; 2011)|Land Rover Range Rover Evoque]] (1st gen.) ('12-'19) |- |W |[[w:Range Rover Sport#Second generation (L494; 2013)|Land Rover Range Rover Sport]] (2nd gen.) ('14-'22) |- |Y |[[w:Range Rover Velar|Land Rover Range Rover Velar]] (1st gen.) ('18-) |- |Z |[[w:Range Rover Evoque#Second generation (L551; 2018)|Land Rover Range Rover Evoque]] (2nd gen.) ('20-) |- |1 |[[w:Range Rover Sport#Third generation (L461; 2022)|Land Rover Range Rover Sport]] (3rd gen.) ('23-) |- |} ===Model Series/GVWR=== {| class="wikitable" |+Position 5 !VIN code !Series !GVWR |- |V (following H) |Range Rover 100" wheelbase (1st gen.) |Class E |- |E (following H) |Range Rover 100" wheelbase (CA emissions) (1st gen.) ('95) |Class E |- |C (following H) |Range Rover LWB 108" wheelbase (1st gen.) |Class E |- |F (following H) |Range Rover LWB 108" wheelbase (CA emissions) (1st gen.) ('95) |Class E |- |H (following D) |Defender 110 ('93) |Class E |- |V (following D) |Defender 90 ('94-'95, '97) |Class E |- |X (following D) |Defender 90 (CA emissions) ('95) |Class E |- |Y (following J) |Discovery ('94-'98 & '99 Discovery SD) |Class E |- |N (following J) |Discovery (CA emissions) ('95-'96) |Class E |- |Y (following T) |Discovery Series II ('99-'00) |Class E |- |V (following P) |Range Rover (2nd gen.) ('95-'98) |Class E |- |E (following P) |Range Rover (2nd gen.) (CA emissions) ('95-'96) |Class E |- |A (following P) |Range Rover (2nd gen.) (GEMS engine management) (Early '99) |Class E |- |V (following P) |Range Rover (2nd gen.) (Bosch engine management) ('99-'00) |Class E |- |C (following P) |Range Rover 4.6 HSE Callaway Edition (2nd gen.) (Callaway-modified engine) ('99) |Class E |- |} ===Model Series/Trim Level/GVWR=== {| class="wikitable" |+Position 5 !VIN code !Series !GVWR |- |M (following N) |Freelander S ('02-'03) |Class C |- |Y (following N) |Freelander SE ('02-'05), SE3 ('03-'05) |Class C |- |E (following N) |Freelander HSE ('02-'04) |Class C |- |L (following T) |Discovery Series II SD ('01-'02), S ('03-'04) |Class E |- |K (following T) |Discovery Series II SD7 ('01-'02), S7 ('03-'04) |Class E |- |Y (following T) |Discovery Series II SE ('01-'04) |Class E |- |W (following T) |Discovery Series II SE7 ('01-'04) |Class E |- |H (following T) |Discovery Series II LE ('01) |Class E |- |J (following T) |Discovery Series II LE7 ('01) |Class E |- |P (following T) |Discovery Series II HSE ('03-'04) |Class E |- |R (following T) |Discovery Series II HSE7 ('03-'04) |Class E |- |L (following P) |Range Rover (2nd gen.) 4.6 SE ('01) |Class E |- |M (following P) |Range Rover (2nd gen.) 4.6 HSE ('01-'02), Westminster Edition ('02) |Class E |- |H (following M) |Range Rover (3rd gen.) Westminster Edition ('04-'05) |Class E |- |} ===Trim Level/Drive Wheels/GVWR/Restraint System (Position 5)=== {| class="wikitable" |+Position 5 !VIN code !Trim Level !Drive Wheels !GVWR !Restraint System |- |P |Discovery Sport SE '18-'19,<br> Range Rover Evoque SE, SE Premium '18-'19 |Awd |Class D (5,001-6,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |C |Range Rover Evoque Landmark Edition 4-d '18-'19 [Pos. 6 is 2] |Awd |Class D (5,001-6,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |R |Discovery Sport HSE '18, Range Rover Evoque HSE '18-'19 |Awd |Class D (5,001-6,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |R |Discovery Sport HSE '19, Landmark Edition '19 [Pos. 7 is F] |Awd |Class D (5,001-6,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |R |Discovery Sport HSE Dynamic '19 [Pos. 7 is G] |Awd |Class D (5,001-6,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |T |Discovery Sport HSE Lux '18 |Awd |Class D (5,001-6,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |T |Discovery Sport HSE Luxury '19 [Pos. 7 is F] |Awd |Class D (5,001-6,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |T |Discovery Sport HSE Luxury Dynamic '19 [Pos. 7 is G] |Awd |Class D (5,001-6,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |D |Range Rover Evoque HSE Dynamic '18-'19 [Pos. 6 is 2] |Awd |Class D (5,001-6,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |E |Range Rover Evoque Autobiography '18-'19 |Awd |Class D (5,001-6,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |C |Range Rover Evoque SE Dynamic 2-d convertible '18-'19 <br> [Pos. 6 is 5] |Awd |Class D (5,001-6,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags & Front Side Head/Thorax Airbags |- |D |Range Rover Evoque HSE Dynamic 2-d convertible '18-'19 <br> [Pos. 6 is 5] |Awd |Class D (5,001-6,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags & Front Side Head/Thorax Airbags |- |K |Discovery Sport base model '20 |Awd |Class D (5,001-6,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |J |Discovery Sport S '20-25, Range Rover Evoque S '20-'25 |Awd |Class D (5,001-6,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |P |Discovery Sport SE '20-'23, Range Rover Evoque SE '20-'23 |Awd |Class D (5,001-6,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |9 |Discovery Sport HSE '20 |Awd |Class D (5,001-6,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |L |Range Rover Evoque First Edition '20 [Pos. 7 is F] |Awd |Class D (5,001-6,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |T |Discovery Sport R-Dynamic S '20-'23,<br> Range Rover Evoque R-Dynamic S '20-'23 |Awd |Class D (5,001-6,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |L |Discovery Sport R-Dynamic SE '20-'23,<br> Discovery Sport Dynamic SE '24-'25,<br> Range Rover Evoque R-Dynamic SE '21-'23,<br> Range Rover Evoque Dynamic SE '24-'25 [Pos. 7 is F] |Awd |Class D (5,001-6,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |L |Range Rover Evoque R-Dynamic SE '20 [Pos. 7 is G] |Awd |Class D (5,001-6,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |M |Discovery Sport R-Dynamic HSE '20, Canada only: '21-'23,<br> Discovery Sport Dynamic HSE - Canada only: '24-'25,<br> Range Rover Evoque R-Dynamic HSE '20-'21,<br> Range Rover Evoque Dynamic HSE - Canada only: '24-'25 |Awd |Class D (5,001-6,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |W |Range Rover Evoque P250 Bronze Collection - <br> Canada only: '22-'23 [Pos. 7 is F] |Awd |Class D (5,001-6,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |W |Range Rover Evoque P300 HST '22-'23 [Pos. 7 is G] |Awd |Class D (5,001-6,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |A |Range Rover Velar base model '18-'19 [Pos. 8 is X] |Awd |Class D (5,001-6,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |B |Range Rover Velar S '18-'20 |Awd |Class D (5,001-6,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |J |Range Rover Velar S '21-'25 |Awd |Class D (5,001-6,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |C |Range Rover Velar SE - Canada only: '18 |Awd |Class D (5,001-6,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |L |Range Rover Velar R-Dynamic SE '18-'19 |Awd |Class D (5,001-6,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |A |Range Rover Velar R-Dynamic SE '19 (some early prod. w/340-hp engine) [Pos. 7 is F & Pos. 8 is V] |Awd |Class D (5,001-6,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |K |Range Rover Velar R-Dynamic S '20 |Awd |Class D (5,001-6,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |T |Range Rover Velar R-Dynamic S '21-'23 |Awd |Class D (5,001-6,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |L |Range Rover Velar Dynamic SE '24-'25 |Awd |Class D (5,001-6,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |M |Range Rover Velar R-Dynamic HSE '18-'22, First Edition '18 |Awd |Class D (5,001-6,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |V |Range Rover Velar HST '23 |Awd |Class D (5,001-6,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |M |Range Rover Velar Dynamic HSE '24-'25 |Awd |Class D (5,001-6,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |U |Range Rover Velar SVAutobiography Dynamic '20 |Awd |Class D (5,001-6,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |G |Discovery SE '18-'20, Range Rover Sport SE '18-'22 |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |U |Discovery Landmark Edition '20 |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |J |Discovery P300 S '21-'25 [Pos. 8 is X] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |J |Discovery P360 S - Canada only: '21-'23 [Pos. 8 is U] |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |T |Discovery P300 R-Dynamic S '21-'23 [Pos. 8 is X] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |T |Discovery P360 R-Dynamic S '21-'23 [Pos. 8 is U] |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |L |Discovery P300 Dynamic SE '24-'25 [Pos. 8 is X] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |L |Discovery P360 Dynamic SE '24-'25 [Pos. 8 is U] |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |M |Discovery P360 R-Dynamic HSE '21-'23,<br> P360 Dynamic HSE - Canada only: '24-'25 |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |W |Discovery P360 Metropolitan Edition '23-'25 |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |R |Discovery HSE '18-'20,<br> Range Rover Sport HSE '18 [Pos. 8 is V or K] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |R |Range Rover Sport HSE '19 [Pos. 8 is V or K or U] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |R |Range Rover Sport HSE '20, HSE Silver Edition '21 <br> [Pos. 8 is U or K] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |R |Range Rover Sport HSE Silver Edition '22 <br> [Pos. 8 is U] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |T |Discovery HSE Luxury '18-'20 |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |V |Range Rover Sport HSE Dynamic '18-'19 [Pos. 8 is V] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |S |Range Rover Sport HST Mid '19-'22 |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |R |Range Rover Sport P400e HSE '20,<br> P400e HSE Silver Edition '21-'22 [Pos. 8 is Y] |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |V |Range Rover Sport P400e Autobiography '20-'21 [Pos. 8 is Y] |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |R |Range Rover Sport Supercharged '18,<br> Supercharged Dynamic '18-'19, HSE Dynamic '20-'22 [Pos. 8 is E] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |V |Range Rover Sport Autobiography Dynamic '18,<br> Autobiography '19-'22 [Pos. 8 is E] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |Z |Range Rover Sport SVR '18-'22, SVR Carbon Edition '21-'22 |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |J |Range Rover Sport P360 S '25 |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |P |Range Rover Sport P360 SE '23-'25 |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |T |Range Rover Sport P400 Dynamic S - Canada only: '23 |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |L |Range Rover Sport Dynamic SE '23-'25 |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |M |Range Rover Sport P400 Dynamic HSE - Canada only: '24-'25 |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |1 |Range Rover Sport P440e Autobiography '23 |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |M |Range Rover Sport P440e HSE Dynamic - Canada only: '23 |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |1 |Range Rover Sport P550e Autobiography '24-'25, P530 Autobiography '25 |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |V |Range Rover Sport P530 First Edition '23 |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |Z |Range Rover Sport P635 SV Edition One w/Obsidian Black or <br> Flux Silver paint '24 |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |0 |Range Rover Sport P635 SV Edition One w/Carbon Bronze paint '24 |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |Z |Range Rover Sport P635 SV Edition Two '25 |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |R |Range Rover (L405) base model '18-'22 |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |S |Range Rover HSE '18-'19 [Pos. 8 is V or K] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |S |Range Rover HSE '20 [Pos. 8 is U or K] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |S |Range Rover HSE '21 [Pos. 8 is K] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |S |Range Rover (L405) HSE Westminster Edition '21-'22 <br> [Pos. 8 is U] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |S |Range Rover P400e HSE '20-'21 [Pos. 8 is Y] |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |V |Range Rover P400e Autobiography '20-'21 [Pos. 8 is Y] |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |S |Range Rover (L405) Supercharged SWB '18-'19,<br> P525 HSE SWB '20,<br> P525 HSE Westminster Edition SWB '21-'22 <br> [Pos. 6 is 2 & Pos. 8 is E] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |V |Range Rover (L405) Autobiography SWB '18-'22 [Pos. 6 is 2] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |U |Range Rover Autobiography Fifty Edition SWB '21 [Pos. 6 is 2] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |W |Range Rover (L405) SVAutobiography Dynamic '18-'22,<br> SVAutobiography Dynamic Black '21-'22 [Pos. 6 is 2] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |S |Range Rover (L405) Supercharged LWB '18-'19,<br> P525 HSE LWB '20,<br> P525 HSE Westminster Edition LWB '21-'22 <br> [Pos. 6 is 5 & Pos. 8 is E] |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |V |Range Rover (L405) Autobiography LWB '18-'22 [Pos. 6 is 5] |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |U |Range Rover Autobiography Fifty Edition LWB '21 [Pos. 6 is 5] |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |W |Range Rover (L405) SVAutobiography LWB '18-'22 [Pos. 6 is 5] |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |P |Range Rover (L460) SE '22-'25 |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |1 |Range Rover (L460) Autobiography '22-'25 |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |V |Range Rover (L460) P530 First Edition '22-'23 |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |U |Range Rover (L460) P530 SV '22-'23 |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |Z |Range Rover (L460) P615 SV '24-'25 |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |K |Defender 90 base model '21-'22 [Pos. 6 is 6] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |K |Defender 110 base model w/2 rows of seats '20-'23 [Pos. 6 is 7] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |K |Defender 110 base model w/3 rows of seats '20-'23 [Pos. 6 is E] |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |J |Defender 90 S '21-'25 [Pos. 6 is 6] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |J |Defender 110 S w/2 rows of seats '20-'25 [Pos. 6 is 7] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |J |Defender 110 S w/3 rows of seats '20-'25 [Pos. 6 is E] |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |J |Defender 130 S w/3 rows of seats '23-'25 [Pos. 6 is F] |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |Y |Defender 90 X-Dynamic S '21-'22 [Pos. 6 is 6] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |P |Defender 90 P400 SE '23 [Pos. 6 is 6] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |P |Defender 110 P400 SE w/2 rows of seats '20-'23 [Pos. 6 is 7] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |P |Defender 110 P500 SE w/2 rows of seats '24 [Pos. 6 is E] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |P |Defender 110 P400 SE w/3 rows of seats '20-'23 [Pos. 6 is E] |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |P |Defender 130 P400 SE w/3 rows of seats '23 [Pos. 6 is F] |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |2 |Defender 90 X-Dynamic SE '22-'25 [Pos. 6 is 6] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |2 |Defender 110 X-Dynamic SE w/2 rows of seats '21-'25 <br> [Pos. 6 is 7] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |2 |Defender 110 P500 X-Dynamic SE w/2 rows of seats '25 <br> [Pos. 6 is E & Pos. 8 is E] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |2 |Defender 110 X-Dynamic SE w/3 rows of seats '21-'25 <br> [Pos. 6 is E & Pos. 8 is U] |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |2 |Defender 130 X-Dynamic SE w/3 rows of seats '23-'25 <br> [Pos. 6 is F] |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |3 |Defender 90 X-Dynamic HSE '22 [Pos. 6 is 6] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |3 |Defender 110 X-Dynamic HSE w/2 rows of seats '21-'22 <br> [Pos. 6 is 7] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |3 |Defender 110 X-Dynamic HSE w/3 rows of seats '21-'22 <br> [Pos. 6 is E] |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |W |Defender 110 XS Edition w/2 rows of seats '22 <br> [Pos. 6 is 7 & Pos. 8 is U] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |W |Defender 110 XS Edition w/3 rows of seats '22 <br> [Pos. 6 is E & Pos. 8 is U] |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |W |Defender 90 75th Limited Edition '23 <br> [Pos. 6 is 6 & Pos. 8 is U] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |W |Defender 110 75th Limited Edition w/2 rows of seats '23 <br> [Pos. 6 is 7 & Pos. 8 is U] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |W |Defender 110 Sedona Red Edition w/2 rows of seats '25 <br> [Pos. 6 is 7 & Pos. 8 is U] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |W |Defender 130 P400 Outbound w/2 rows of seats '24-'25 <br> [Pos. 6 is F & Pos. 8 is U] |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |V |Defender 90 First Edition '21 [Pos. 6 is 6] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |1 |Defender 110 First Edition w/2 rows of seats '20 [Pos. 6 is 7] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |1 |Defender 110 First Edition w/3 rows of seats '20 [Pos. 6 is E] |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |V |Defender 130 First Edition w/3 rows of seats '23 [Pos. 6 is F] |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |9 |Defender 110 HSE w/2 rows of seats '20 [Pos. 6 is 7] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |9 |Defender 110 HSE w/3 rows of seats '20 [Pos. 6 is E] |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |X |Defender 90 X '21-'23, Canada only: '24 [Pos. 6 is 6] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |X |Defender 110 X w/2 rows of seats '20-'25 [Pos. 6 is 7] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |X |Defender 110 X w/3 rows of seats '20-'25 [Pos. 6 is E] |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |X |Defender 130 X w/3 rows of seats '23-'25 [Pos. 6 is F] |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |B |Defender 90 P525 V8 '24 [Pos. 6 is 6] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |W |Defender 90 P525 V8 '22-'23, '25,<br> P525 V8 Carpathian Edition '22-'24 [Pos. 6 is 6] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |B |Defender 110 P525 V8 w/2 rows of seats '24 <br> [Pos. 6 is E & Pos. 8 is E] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |W |Defender 110 P525 V8 w/2 rows of seats '22-'23, '25,<br> P525 V8 Carpathian Edition w/2 rows of seats '22-'24,<br> P525 V8 Bond Edition w/2 rows of seats '22 <br> [Pos. 6 is E & Pos. 8 is E] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |B |Defender 130 P500 V8 w/3 rows of seats '24 <br> [Pos. 6 is F & Pos. 8 is E] |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |W |Defender 130 P500 V8 w/3 rows of seats '25 <br> [Pos. 6 is F & Pos. 8 is E] |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |Z |Defender 110 P635 OCTA w/2 rows of seats '25,<br> P635 OCTA Edition One w/2 rows of seats '25 <br> [Pos. 6 is E & Pos. 8 is 9] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |} ===Body Type=== {| class="wikitable" |+Position 6 !VIN code !Description |- |1 |4-door wagon (Range Rover '87-'12, Defender 110 '93, Discovery '94-'04) |- |1 |2-door soft top (Freelander SE3) ('03-'05) |- |1 |2-door wagon (Range Rover Evoque 2-d '12-'17) |- |2 |2-door soft top (Defender 90) ('94-'95, '97) |- |2 |4-door wagon (Freelander) ('02-'05) |- |2 |4-door wagon (LR2 '08-'15, Discovery Sport '15-'26, Range Rover Evoque 4-d '12-, LR3 '05-'09, LR4 '10-'16, Discovery '18-, Range Rover Sport '06-'22, Range Rover Sport P400e '20, Range Rover SWB (L405) '13-'22, Range Rover Velar '18-) |- |3 |2-door wagon (Defender 90) ('95, '97) |- |3 |4-door wagon LWB (Range Rover LWB '14-'16) |- |3 |4-door wagon LWB w/Class E GVWR (Range Rover SV Autobiography LWB '17) |- |4 |4-door wagon [[w:Plug-in hybrid|PHEV]] (Range Rover P400e '20-'21, Range Rover Sport P400e '21-Early '22) |- |5 |4-door wagon LWB w/Class F GVWR (Range Rover Supercharged LWB & Autobiography LWB '17) |- |5 |4-door wagon LWB w/Class F GVWR (Range Rover LWB (L405) '18-'22) |- |5 |2-door convertible (Range Rover Evoque convertible '17-'19) |- |6 |2-door wagon (Defender 90 '21-) |- |7 |4-door wagon w/2 rows of seating (Defender 110 P300/P400 '20-) |- |9 |4-door wagon (Range Rover SWB (L460) '22-, Range Rover Sport '23-) |- |B |4-door wagon (Discovery '17) |- |B |4-door wagon LWB (Range Rover LWB (L460) '22-) |- |E |4-door wagon w/3 rows of seating (Defender 110 P300/P400 w/opt. 3rd row '20-) |- |E |4-door wagon w/2 rows of seating (Defender 110 V8 models '22-) |- |F |4-door wagon w/extended length (Defender 130 '23-) |} SWB=Short-wheelbase, LWB=Long-wheelbase ===Engine Type (All Models 1987-2016 EXCEPT LR2, Discovery Sport, Range Rover Evoque)=== {| class="wikitable" |+Position 7 |- ! VIN !! Size !! Type !! Fuel !! Valvetrain !! Engine Family/Notes/Applications |- | 1 || 3.5L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||MPI. [[w:Rover V8 engine|(Ex-GM) Rover V8 engine]]. Land Rover Range Rover ('87-'88). |- | 1 || 4.4L || V8 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||Sequential MPI. Single VANOS (Intake VVT). BMW M62TUB44 engine. Land Rover Range Rover ('03-'05). |- | 2 || 3.9L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||MPI. (Ex-GM) Rover V8 engine.<br> Land Rover Range Rover SWB ('89-'94), Range Rover County Classic [SWB] ('95), Defender 110 ('93),<br> Defender 90 ('94-'95), Discovery ('94-'95). |- | 2 || 4.0L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||Sequential MPI. (3947 cc, actually 3.9L). (Ex-GM) Rover V8 engine. Land Rover Range Rover 4.0 SE ('95-'99),<br> Discovery ('96-'02), Defender 90 ('97). |- | 2 || 2.5L || 90° V6 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||Sequential MPI. VIS. [[w:Rover KV6 engine|Rover KV6 engine]]. Land Rover Freelander ('02-'05). |- | 3 || 4.2L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||MPI. (4275 cc, actually 4.3L). (Ex-GM) Rover V8 engine. Land Rover Range Rover County LWB ('93-'95). |- | 3 || 4.2L || V8 [[w:Supercharged|SC]] [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||Sequential MPI. Jaguar AJ33S engine. Land Rover Range Rover ('06-'09), Range Rover Sport ('06-'09). |- | 4 || 4.6L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||Sequential MPI. (Ex-GM) Rover V8 engine. Land Rover Range Rover 4.6 HSE ('96-'99), Discovery ('03). |- | 4 || 4.0L || 60° V6 || Gas ||SOHC,<br /> 12 valve||Sequential MPI. Variable intake manifold. Ford Cologne V6 engine.<br> Land Rover LR3 ('05-'07 & also '08-'09 in Canada). |- | 5 || 4.0L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||Sequential MPI. (3947 cc, actually 3.9L). (Ex-GM) Rover V8 engine. LEV.<br> Land Rover Range Rover 4.0 SE ('00), Discovery ('00-'02). |- | 5 || 4.4L || V8 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||Sequential MPI. Continuously VCP (Intake VVT). Jaguar AJ41 engine.<br> Land Rover LR3 ('05-'09), Range Rover ('06-'09), Range Rover Sport ('06-'09). |- | 6 || 4.6L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||Sequential MPI. (Ex-GM) Rover V8 engine. LEV ('00-'02) or ULEV ('03).<br> Land Rover Range Rover 4.6 HSE ('00-'02), 4.6 SE ('01), Discovery ('03). |- | 9 || 4.6L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||Sequential MPI. (Ex-GM) Rover V8 engine. Land Rover Discovery ('04). |- | D || 5.0L || V8 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||Direct injection. Dual Continuously VCT (VVT). CPS (Intake VVL). VIS. Jaguar AJ133 engine (LR-V8).<br> Land Rover LR4 ('10-'13), Range Rover ('10-'13), Range Rover Sport ('10-'13). |- | E || 5.0L || V8 [[w:Supercharged|SC]] [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||Direct injection. Dual Continuously VCT (VVT). Jaguar AJ133S engine (LR-V8S).<br> Land Rover Range Rover ('10-'16), Range Rover Sport ('10-'16). |- | K || 3.0L || 60° V6 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||Common-rail Direct injection. Ford-PSA "Lion" AJD-V6 engine.<br> Land Rover Range Rover Td6 ('16), Range Rover Sport Td6 ('16). |- | P || 3.0L || 90° V6 [[w:Supercharged|SC]] [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||Direct injection. Dual Continuously VCT (VVT). Jaguar AJ126 engine.<br> Land Rover Range Rover ('16), Range Rover Sport ('16). |- | T || 5.0L || V8 [[w:Supercharged|SC]] [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas/E85 ||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||Flex Fuel. Direct injection. Dual Continuously VCT (VVT). Jaguar AJ133S engine (LR-V8S).<br> Land Rover Range Rover ('14-'15), Range Rover Sport ('14-'15). |- | V || 3.0L || 90° V6 [[w:Supercharged|SC]] [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||Direct injection. Dual Continuously VCT (VVT). Jaguar AJ126 engine.<br> Land Rover LR4 ('14-'16), Range Rover ('14-'16), Range Rover Sport ('14-'16). |- | W || 3.0L || 90° V6 [[w:Supercharged|SC]] [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas/E85 ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||Flex Fuel. Direct injection. Dual Continuously VCT (VVT). Jaguar AJ126 engine.<br> Land Rover Range Rover ('14), Range Rover Sport ('14). |} VVT=Variable Valve Timing. VCP=Variable Camshaft Phasing. VCT=Variable Camshaft Timing. VIS=Variable Intake System. LEV=Low Emissions Vehicle. ULEV=Ultra-Low Emissions Vehicle. CPS=Cam Profile Switching. VVL=Variable Valve Lift. ===Transmission Type (LR2, Discovery Sport, Range Rover Evoque only 2008-2016)=== {| class="wikitable" |+Position 7 !VIN code !Description |- |4 |6-speed automatic (Aisin AWF21) (LR2 '08-'09) |- |B |6-speed automatic (Aisin AWF21) (LR2 '10-'15, Range Rover Evoque '12-'13) |- |B |9-speed automatic (ZF 9HP) (Discovery Sport '15-'16, Range Rover Evoque '14-'16) |} ===Transmission Type (All models 2017)=== {| class="wikitable" |+Position 7 !VIN code !Description |- |B |8-speed automatic (ZF 8HP) (Discovery '17) |- |B |9-speed automatic (ZF 9HP) (Discovery Sport '17, Range Rover Evoque '17) |- |F |8-speed automatic (ZF 8HP) (Range Rover '17, Range Rover Sport '17) |} ===Transmission Type (All Models 1987-2016 EXCEPT LR2, Discovery Sport, Range Rover Evoque)=== {| class="wikitable" |+Position 8 !VIN code !Description |- |2 |5-speed automatic [manual shift mode: Steptronic or CommandShift] (Jatco JF506E) (Freelander '02-'05) |- |4 |4-speed automatic (ZF 4HP22 or w/4.6L V8: 4HP24) (Range Rover '87-'02, Discovery '94-'04, Defender 90 '97) |- |4 |5-speed automatic (ZF 5HP24) (Range Rover '03-'05) |- |4 |6-speed automatic (ZF 6HP26X) (LR3 '05-'09, Range Rover '06-'09, Range Rover Sport '06-'09) |- |4 |6-speed automatic (ZF 6HP28X) (LR4 '10-'13, Range Rover '10-'12, Range Rover Sport '10-'13) |- |6 |8-speed automatic (ZF 8HP) (LR4 '14-'16) |- |8 |5-speed manual (Defender 110 '93, Defender 90 '94-'95, Discovery '94-'97) |- |F |8-speed automatic (ZF 8HP) (Range Rover '13-'16, Range Rover Sport '14-'16) |} All are LHD (Left-hand drive). ===Engine Type (LR2, Discovery Sport, Range Rover Evoque only 2008-2016)=== {| class="wikitable" |+Position 8 |- ! VIN !! Size !! Type !! Fuel !! Valvetrain !! Engine Family/Notes/Applications |- | G || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Direct Injection. Dual VVT. Ford EcoBoost engine (Mazda L engine-based).<br> Land Rover LR2 ('13-'15), Discovery Sport ('15-'16), Range Rover Evoque ('12-'16). |- | N || 3.2L || I6 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||MPI. VCT (Intake VVT). CPS (Intake VVL). VIS. [[w:Volvo SI6 engine#B6324S5|Volvo SI6 engine - B6324S5]]. Land Rover LR2 ('08-'12). |- |} VCT=Variable Cam Timing. VVT=Variable Valve Timing. CPS=Cam Profile Switching. VVL=Variable Valve Lift. VIS=Variable Intake System. ===Engine Type (All models 2017 only)=== {| class="wikitable" |+Position 8 |- ! VIN !! Size !! Type !! Fuel !! Valvetrain !! Engine Family/Notes/Applications |- | E || 5.0L || V8 [[w:Supercharged|SC]] [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||Direct injection. Dual Continuously VCT (VVT). Jaguar AJ133S engine (LR-V8S).<br> Land Rover Range Rover ('17), Range Rover Sport ('17). |- | G || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Direct Injection. Dual VVT. Ford EcoBoost engine (Mazda L engine-based).<br> Land Rover Discovery Sport ('17), Range Rover Evoque ('17). |- | K || 3.0L || 60° V6 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||Common-rail Direct injection. Ford-PSA "Lion" AJD-V6 engine.<br> Land Rover Discovery Td6 ('17), Range Rover Td6 ('17), Range Rover Sport Td6 ('17). |- | V || 3.0L || 90° V6 [[w:Supercharged|SC]] [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||Direct injection. Dual Continuously VCT (VVT). Jaguar AJ126 engine.<br> Land Rover Discovery ('17), Range Rover ('17), Range Rover Sport ('17). |} ==Engine 2018-== ===Engine Variant (All models 2018-)=== {| class="wikitable" |+Position 7 |- ! VIN !! Power Level/Engine !! Transmission !! Model |- |R (followed by X) |237 hp 2.0L Ingenium turbo I4 |9-speed auto. |Discovery Sport ('18), Range Rover Evoque ('18-'19) |- |S (followed by X) |286 hp 2.0L Ingenium turbo I4 |9-speed auto. |Discovery Sport ('18), Range Rover Evoque ('18-'19) |- |F (followed by X) |237 hp 2.0L Ingenium turbo I4 |9-speed auto. |Discovery Sport ('19) |- |G (followed by X) |286 hp 2.0L Ingenium turbo I4 |9-speed auto. |Discovery Sport ('19), Discovery Sport P290 ('20) |- |F (followed by X) |246 hp 2.0L Ingenium turbo I4 |9-speed auto. |Discovery Sport P250 ('20-'26), Range Rover Evoque S/SE/1st Edition ('20),<br> Range Rover Evoque P250 ('21-'26) |- |G (followed by X) |296 hp 2.0L Ingenium turbo I4 |9-speed auto. |Range Rover Evoque R-Dynamic S/SE/HSE ('20),<br> Range Rover Evoque P300 HST ('22-'23) |- |R (followed by X) |247 hp 2.0L Ingenium turbo I4 |8-speed auto. |Range Rover Velar ('18) |- |E (followed by X) |247 hp 2.0L Ingenium turbo I4 |8-speed auto. |Range Rover Velar P250 ('19-'26) |- |F (followed by X) |296 hp 2.0L Ingenium turbo I4 |8-speed auto. |Range Rover Velar P300 (Canada only: '19-'20) |- |R (followed by N) |180 hp 2.0L Ingenium turbodiesel I4 |8-speed auto. |Range Rover Velar ('18) |- |E (followed by N) |180 hp 2.0L Ingenium turbodiesel I4 |8-speed auto. |Range Rover Velar D180 ('19) |- |R (followed by V) |380 hp 3.0L AJ126 supercharged V6 |8-speed auto. |Range Rover Velar ('18) |- |F (followed by V) |340 hp 3.0L AJ126 supercharged V6 |8-speed auto. |Range Rover Velar P340 ('19-'20) |- |E (followed by V) |380 hp 3.0L AJ126 supercharged V6 |8-speed auto. |Range Rover Velar P380 ('19-'20) |- |E (followed by U) |335 hp 3.0L Ingenium <br> turbo & E-supercharged I6 |8-speed auto. |Range Rover Velar P340 ('21-'23, Canada only: '24-'26) |- |F (followed by U) |395 hp 3.0L Ingenium <br> turbo & E-supercharged I6 |8-speed auto. |Range Rover Velar P400 R-Dynamic HSE ('21-'22), <br> Range Rover Velar P400 HST ('23), <br> Range Rover Velar P400 Dynamic SE/HSE ('24-'25), <br> Range Rover Velar P400 Dynamic SE/Autobiography/Belgravia Ed. ('26) |- |E (followed by E) |550 hp 5.0L AJ133 supercharged V8 |8-speed auto. |Range Rover Velar SVAutobiography Dynamic ('20) |- |R (followed by V) |340 hp 3.0L AJ126 supercharged V6 |8-speed auto. |Discovery ('18-'20), Range Rover Sport SE/HSE ('18-'19), Range Rover ('18-'19) |- |R (followed by K) |254 hp 3.0L "Lion" AJD-V6 turbodiesel V6 |8-speed auto. |Discovery Td6 ('18-'20), Range Rover Sport Td6 ('18-'21), Range Rover Td6 ('18-'21) |- |R (followed by X) |296 hp 2.0L Ingenium turbo I4 |8-speed auto. |Discovery P300 ('21) |- |R (followed by U) |355 hp 3.0L Ingenium <br> turbo & E-supercharged I6 |8-speed auto. |Discovery P360 ('21) |- |E (followed by X) |296 hp 2.0L Ingenium turbo I4 |8-speed auto. |Discovery P300 ('22-'24) |- |F (followed by X) |296 hp 2.0L Ingenium turbo I4 |8-speed auto. |Discovery P300 ('25-'26) |- |E (followed by U) |355 hp 3.0L Ingenium <br> turbo & E-supercharged I6 |8-speed auto. |Discovery P360 ('22-'26) |- |S (followed by V) |380 hp 3.0L AJ126 supercharged V6 |8-speed auto. |Range Rover Sport HSE Dynamic ('18-'19), Range Rover HSE ('18-'19) |- |R (followed by U) |355 hp 3.0L Ingenium <br> turbo & E-supercharged I6 |8-speed auto. |Range Rover Sport SE/HSE (Mid '19) |- |S (followed by U) |395 hp 3.0L Ingenium <br> turbo & E-supercharged I6 |8-speed auto. |Range Rover Sport HST (Mid '19) |- |S (followed by U) |355 hp 3.0L Ingenium <br> turbo & E-supercharged I6 |8-speed auto. |Range Rover Sport P360 SE/HSE ('20),<br> Range Rover Sport P360 SE/HSE Silver ('21-'22), Range Rover (L405) P360 ('20-'22) |- |R (followed by U) |395 hp 3.0L Ingenium <br> turbo & E-supercharged I6 |8-speed auto. |Range Rover Sport P400 HST ('20-'22), Range Rover P400 HSE ('20),<br> Range Rover (L405) P400 HSE Westminster ('21-'22) |- |R (followed by Y) |398 hp 2.0L Ingenium turbo I4 + 1 motor <br> Gas-Electric [[w:Plug-in hybrid|PHEV]] |8-speed auto. |Range Rover Sport P400e ('20-'22), Range Rover P400e ('20-'21) |- |R (followed by E) |518 hp 5.0L AJ133 supercharged V8 |8-speed auto. |Range Rover Sport ('18-'19), Range Rover ('18-'19) |- |S (followed by E) |575 hp 5.0L AJ133 supercharged V8 |8-speed auto. |Range Rover Sport SVR ('18-'19) |- |S (followed by E) |557 hp 5.0L AJ133 supercharged V8 |8-speed auto. |Range Rover SVAutobiography Dynamic, SVAutobiography LWB ('18-'19) |- |S (followed by E) |518 hp 5.0L AJ133 supercharged V8 |8-speed auto. |Range Rover Sport P525 ('20-'22), Range Rover (L405) P525 ('20-'22) |- |R (followed by E) |575 hp 5.0L AJ133 supercharged V8 |8-speed auto. |Range Rover Sport SVR ('20-'22) |- |R (followed by E) |557 hp 5.0L AJ133 supercharged V8 |8-speed auto. |Range Rover (L405) SVAutobiography Dynamic, SVAutobiography LWB ('20-'22) |- |E (followed by U) |355 hp 3.0L Ingenium <br> turbo & E-supercharged I6 |8-speed auto. |Range Rover Sport P360 ('23-'26) |- |F (followed by U) |395 hp 3.0L Ingenium <br> turbo & E-supercharged I6 |8-speed auto. |Range Rover Sport P400 ('23-'26), <br> Range Rover (L460) P400 SE ('22-'26) |- |E (followed by 4) |434 hp 3.0L Ingenium <br> turbo & E-supercharged I6 + 1 motor <br> Gas-Electric [[w:Plug-in hybrid|PHEV]] |8-speed auto. |Range Rover Sport P440e ('23) |- |F (followed by 4) |434 hp 3.0L Ingenium <br> turbo & E-supercharged I6 + 1 motor <br> Gas-Electric [[w:Plug-in hybrid|PHEV]] |8-speed auto. |Range Rover P440e ('23) |- |E (followed by 4) |454 hp 3.0L Ingenium <br> turbo & E-supercharged I6 + 1 motor <br> Gas-Electric [[w:Plug-in hybrid|PHEV]] |8-speed auto. |Range Rover Sport P460e ('25-'26) |- |F (followed by 4) |542 hp 3.0L Ingenium <br> turbo & E-supercharged I6 + 1 motor <br> Gas-Electric [[w:Plug-in hybrid|PHEV]] |8-speed auto. |Range Rover Sport P550e ('24-'26), Range Rover P550e ('24-'26) |- |E (followed by 7) |523 hp 4.4L BMW N63 (JLR NC10)<br> twin-turbo V8 |8-speed auto. |Range Rover Sport P530 ('23), <br> Range Rover (L460) P530 ('22-'23) |- |F (followed by 9) |626 hp 4.4L BMW S68 (JLR NC11)<br> twin-turbo V8 |8-speed auto. |Range Rover Sport P635 SV Edition One ('24),<br> Range Rover Sport P635 SV Edition Two ('25), Range Rover Sport P635 SV ('26) |- |E (followed by 9) |523 hp 4.4L BMW S68 (JLR NC11)<br> twin-turbo V8 |8-speed auto. |Range Rover (L460) P530 ('24-'26), Range Rover Sport P530 ('25-'26) |- |F (followed by 9) |606 hp 4.4L BMW S68 (JLR NC11)<br> twin-turbo V8 |8-speed auto. |Range Rover (L460) P615 SV ('24-'26) |- |E (followed by X) |296 hp 2.0L Ingenium turbo I4 |8-speed auto. |Defender 110 P300 ('20) |- |E (followed by U) |395 hp 3.0L Ingenium <br> turbo & E-supercharged I6 |8-speed auto. |Defender 110 P400 ('20) |- |R (followed by X) |296 hp 2.0L Ingenium turbo I4 |8-speed auto. |Defender 90 P300 ('21-'22), Defender 110 P300 ('21-'22) |- |R (followed by U) |395 hp 3.0L Ingenium <br> turbo & E-supercharged I6 |8-speed auto. |Defender 90 P400 ('21-'22), Defender 110 P400 ('21-'22) |- |R (followed by E) |518 hp 5.0L AJ133 supercharged V8 |8-speed auto. |Defender 90 P525 ('22), Defender 110 P525 ('22) |- |E (followed by X) |296 hp 2.0L Ingenium turbo I4 |8-speed auto. |Defender 90 P300 ('23-'25, Canada only: '26), Defender 110 P300 ('23-'26) |- |E (followed by U) |296 hp 3.0L Ingenium <br> turbo & E-supercharged I6 |8-speed auto. |Defender 130 P300 S ('23) [Pos. 5 is J] |- |F (followed by U) |296 hp 3.0L Ingenium <br> turbo & E-supercharged I6 |8-speed auto. |Defender 130 P300 S ('24-'26) |- |E (followed by U) |395 hp 3.0L Ingenium <br> turbo & E-supercharged I6 |8-speed auto. |Defender 90 P400 ('23-'26), Defender 110 P400 ('23-'26), Defender 130 P400 ('23-'26) |- |F (followed by E) |493 hp 5.0L AJ133 supercharged V8 |8-speed auto. |Defender 110 P500 ('24-'26), Defender 130 P500 ('24-'26) |- |E (followed by E) |518 hp 5.0L AJ133 supercharged V8 |8-speed auto. |Defender 90 P525 ('23-'26), Defender 110 P525 ('23-'26) |- |E (followed by 9) |626 hp 4.4L BMW S68 (JLR NC11)<br> twin-turbo V8 |8-speed auto. |Defender 110 P635 OCTA ('25-'26) |} ===Engine Type (All models 2018-)=== {| class="wikitable" |+Position 8 |- ! VIN !! Size !! Type !! Fuel !! Valvetrain !! Engine Family/Notes/Applications |- | E || 5.0L || V8 [[w:Supercharged|SC]] [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||Direct injection. Dual Continuously VCT (VVT). Jaguar AJ133S engine (LR-V8S).<br> Land Rover Range Rover ('18-'22), Range Rover Sport ('18-'22),<br> Range Rover Velar SVAutobiography Dynamic ('20), Defender V8 ('22-'26). |- | K || 3.0L || 60° V6 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||Common-rail Direct injection. Ford-PSA "Lion" AJD-V6 engine.<br> Land Rover Discovery Td6 ('18-'20), Range Rover Td6 ('18-'21), Range Rover Sport Td6 ('18-'21). |- | N || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Common-rail Direct Injection. Exhaust VVT. JLR Ingenium AJ20D engine.<br> Land Rover Range Rover Velar ('18-'19) |- | U || 3.0L || I6 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||48v Mild Hybrid. E-supercharger. Direct Injection. Dual VVT. CVVL (Intake VVL).<br> JLR Ingenium AJ20P6/AJ300P engine.<br> Land Rover Discovery ('21-), Range Rover ('20-), Range Rover Sport (Mid '19-), Range Rover Velar ('21-), Defender ('20-). |- | V || 3.0L || 90° V6 [[w:Supercharged|SC]] [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||Direct injection. Dual Continuously VCT (VVT). Jaguar AJ126 engine. Land Rover Discovery ('18-'20),<br> Range Rover ('18-'19), Range Rover Sport ('18-Mid '19), Range Rover Velar ('18-'20). |- | X || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Direct Injection. Dual VVT. CVVL (Intake VVL). JLR Ingenium AJ20P4/AJ200P engine.<br> Land Rover Discovery Sport ('18-'26), Range Rover Evoque ('18-), Range Rover Velar ('18-), Defender ('20-'26), Discovery ('21-). |- | Y || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas-Electric [[w:Plug-in hybrid|PHEV]] || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Direct Injection. Dual VVT. CVVL (Intake VVL). JLR Ingenium AJ20P4/AJ200P engine + 1 Front motor.<br> 12.4 kWh Lithium-ion Battery Pack.<br> Land Rover Range Rover P400e ('20-'21), Range Rover Sport P400e ('20-Early '22). |- | 4 || 3.0L || I6 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas-Electric [[w:Plug-in hybrid|PHEV]] || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||E-supercharger. Direct Injection. Dual VVT. CVVL (Intake VVL).<br> JLR Ingenium AJ20P6/AJ300P engine + 1 Front motor. 31.8 kWh Lithium-ion Battery Pack.<br> Land Rover Range Rover P440e ('23), P550e ('24-); Range Rover Sport P440e ('23), P460e ('25-), P550e ('24-). |- | 7 || 4.4L || V8 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||Direct Injection. Dual VVT (Double VANOS). Valvetronic (Intake VVL). BMW N63B44T3 [N63TU3] engine [JLR NC10-P8H]. Land Rover Range Rover [L460] ('22-'23), Range Rover Sport ('23). |- | 9 || 4.4L || V8 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||48v Mild Hybrid. Direct Injection. Dual VVT (Double VANOS). Valvetronic (Intake VVL). BMW S68B44TO [S68B44A] engine [JLR NC11-P8S]. Land Rover Range Rover [L460] ('24-), Range Rover Sport ('24-),<br> Defender Octa ('25-). |- |} CVVL=Continuously Variable Valve Lift. ==Check Digit/Gearbox (Position 9)== * USA /Canada [[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Check digit|Check digit]] ==Model Year Code (Position 10)== ''See: [[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Model year]]'' ==Plant Codes (Position 11)== * A - Solihull, West Midlands, England, UK * H - Halewood, Merseyside, England, UK * 2 - Nitra, Slovakia ==External links== * [http://www.clifton.nl/calvin.html CalVIN, the on-line free Land Rover VIN CALculator] * [http://www.fourfold.org/LR_FAQ Land Rover FAQ archive] * [http://www.vindecoderz.com/EN/Land%20Rover Land Rover VIN decoder] {{BookCat}} l8y2x8g1ho817yu667nvb17k52jzcdr 4679398 4679385 2026-11-01T03:18:46Z JustTheFacts33 3434282 /* Trim Level/Drive Wheels/GVWR/Restraint System (Position 5) */ 4679398 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Warning}}{{clear}} From 1948 to the early eighties, Land Rover used for their cars chassis numbers of their own format. These formats are described in the table below. Since 1980 Land Rover deploys the standard 17-character Vehicle Identification Number ('''VIN'''), complying with international standards. Car details can be derived (decoded, calculated) from the chassis numbers and the VIN. Typically, the model (Defender, Discovery, Range Rover, Freelander), model type (station wagon, three/four door, etc), wheelbase (90 inch, 100 inch, 110 inch, etc.), engine, LHD/RHD, gearbox, and model year is included in the VIN. ===Chassis number formats over the years=== <table> <tr><th>Description</th><th>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</th><th>Format</th></tr> <tr><td>17-characters, International VIN, 1980-later</td><td></td><td>SAL..............</td></tr> <tr><td>17-characters, Int. VIN for LR do Brazil </td><td></td><td>93R..............</td></tr> <tr><td>17-characters, Int. VIN for AAD, 1985-1995 </td><td></td><td>AAD..............</td></tr> <tr><td>17-characters, US/Canada VIN, 1987-later </td><td></td><td>SAL.................</td></tr> <tr><td>17-characters, Brazil VIN for JLR Brazil, 2016-later </td><td></td><td>99J.................</td></tr> <tr></tr> <tr><td>14-characters: is actually the 17-char</td></tr> <tr><td>VIN missing the SAL bit</td></tr> <tr><td> <tr><td>9-character numbers, 1955 </td><td></td><td>17.6.....</td></tr> <tr><td>9-character numbers, 1956 to 1961 </td><td></td><td>1........</td></tr> <tr><td>9-character numbers, 1950 </td><td></td><td>L........ or R........</td></tr> <tr><td>9-character numbers, 1962 to 1979 </td><td></td><td>.........</td></tr> <tr></tr> <tr><td>8-character numbers, 1948 to 1949 </td><td></td><td>.8......</td></tr> <tr><td>8-character numbers, 1950 to 1953 </td><td></td><td>.6......</td></tr> <tr><td>8-character numbers, 1954 to 1955 </td><td></td><td>.7......</td></tr> <tr></tr> <tr><td>7-character numbers, 1948 to 1949 </td><td></td><td>.......</td></tr> <tr><td>6-character numbers, ???? prototypes </td><td></td><td>110F..</td></tr> <tr><td>3-character numbers, 1948 prototypes </td><td></td><td>R.. or L..</td></tr> </table> ===Land Rover WMIs (1981-) (Position 1-3)=== * SAL - Land Rover (UK & Europe) * 99J - JLR Brazil * L2C - Chery Jaguar Land Rover (China) ===Model Line=== {| class="wikitable" |+Position 4 !VIN code !Description |- |A |[[w:Land Rover Discovery#Discovery 3 / LR3 (2004–2009)|Land Rover LR3]] ('05-'09) |- |A |[[w:Land Rover Discovery#Discovery 4 / LR4 (2009–2016)|Land Rover LR4]] ('10-'16) |- |C |[[w:Land Rover Discovery Sport|Land Rover Discovery Sport]] ('15-'26) |- |D |[[w:Land Rover Defender#North American Specification (NAS) Defenders|Land Rover Defender]] ('93-'95, '97) |- |E |[[w:Land Rover Defender (L663)|Land Rover Defender (L663)]] ('20-) |- |F |[[w:Land Rover Freelander#Freelander 2 (L359; 2006–2015)|Land Rover LR2]] ('08-'15) |- |G |[[w:Range Rover (L405)|Land Rover Range Rover (L405)]] (4th gen.) ('13-'22) |- |H |[[w:Range Rover Classic|Land Rover Range Rover/Range Rover Classic]] (1st gen.) ('87-'95) |- |J |[[w:Land Rover Discovery#First & Second generation Discovery|Land Rover Discovery]] ('94-'98 & '99 Discovery SD) |- |K |[[w:Range Rover (L460)|Land Rover Range Rover (L460)]] (5th gen.) (Mid '22-) |- |M |[[w:Range Rover (L322)|Land Rover Range Rover (L322)]] (3rd gen.) ('03-'12) |- |N |[[w:Land Rover Freelander#Freelander in North America|Land Rover Freelander]] ('02-'05) |- |P |[[w:Range Rover (P38A)|Land Rover Range Rover (P38A)]] (2nd gen.) ('95-'02) |- |R |[[w:Land Rover Discovery#Fifth generation Discovery (L462; 2017–present)|Land Rover Discovery]] ('17-) |- |S |[[w:Range Rover Sport#First generation (L320; 2005)|Land Rover Range Rover Sport]] (1st gen.) ('06-'13) |- |T |[[w:Land Rover Discovery#Discovery Series II (L318; 1998–2004)|Land Rover Discovery Series II]] ('99-'04) |- |V |[[w:Range Rover Evoque#First generation (L538; 2011)|Land Rover Range Rover Evoque]] (1st gen.) ('12-'19) |- |W |[[w:Range Rover Sport#Second generation (L494; 2013)|Land Rover Range Rover Sport]] (2nd gen.) ('14-'22) |- |Y |[[w:Range Rover Velar|Land Rover Range Rover Velar]] (1st gen.) ('18-) |- |Z |[[w:Range Rover Evoque#Second generation (L551; 2018)|Land Rover Range Rover Evoque]] (2nd gen.) ('20-) |- |1 |[[w:Range Rover Sport#Third generation (L461; 2022)|Land Rover Range Rover Sport]] (3rd gen.) ('23-) |- |} ===Model Series/GVWR=== {| class="wikitable" |+Position 5 !VIN code !Series !GVWR |- |V (following H) |Range Rover 100" wheelbase (1st gen.) |Class E |- |E (following H) |Range Rover 100" wheelbase (CA emissions) (1st gen.) ('95) |Class E |- |C (following H) |Range Rover LWB 108" wheelbase (1st gen.) |Class E |- |F (following H) |Range Rover LWB 108" wheelbase (CA emissions) (1st gen.) ('95) |Class E |- |H (following D) |Defender 110 ('93) |Class E |- |V (following D) |Defender 90 ('94-'95, '97) |Class E |- |X (following D) |Defender 90 (CA emissions) ('95) |Class E |- |Y (following J) |Discovery ('94-'98 & '99 Discovery SD) |Class E |- |N (following J) |Discovery (CA emissions) ('95-'96) |Class E |- |Y (following T) |Discovery Series II ('99-'00) |Class E |- |V (following P) |Range Rover (2nd gen.) ('95-'98) |Class E |- |E (following P) |Range Rover (2nd gen.) (CA emissions) ('95-'96) |Class E |- |A (following P) |Range Rover (2nd gen.) (GEMS engine management) (Early '99) |Class E |- |V (following P) |Range Rover (2nd gen.) (Bosch engine management) ('99-'00) |Class E |- |C (following P) |Range Rover 4.6 HSE Callaway Edition (2nd gen.) (Callaway-modified engine) ('99) |Class E |- |} ===Model Series/Trim Level/GVWR=== {| class="wikitable" |+Position 5 !VIN code !Series !GVWR |- |M (following N) |Freelander S ('02-'03) |Class C |- |Y (following N) |Freelander SE ('02-'05), SE3 ('03-'05) |Class C |- |E (following N) |Freelander HSE ('02-'04) |Class C |- |L (following T) |Discovery Series II SD ('01-'02), S ('03-'04) |Class E |- |K (following T) |Discovery Series II SD7 ('01-'02), S7 ('03-'04) |Class E |- |Y (following T) |Discovery Series II SE ('01-'04) |Class E |- |W (following T) |Discovery Series II SE7 ('01-'04) |Class E |- |H (following T) |Discovery Series II LE ('01) |Class E |- |J (following T) |Discovery Series II LE7 ('01) |Class E |- |P (following T) |Discovery Series II HSE ('03-'04) |Class E |- |R (following T) |Discovery Series II HSE7 ('03-'04) |Class E |- |L (following P) |Range Rover (2nd gen.) 4.6 SE ('01) |Class E |- |M (following P) |Range Rover (2nd gen.) 4.6 HSE ('01-'02), Westminster Edition ('02) |Class E |- |H (following M) |Range Rover (3rd gen.) Westminster Edition ('04-'05) |Class E |- |} ===Trim Level/Drive Wheels/GVWR/Restraint System (Position 5)=== {| class="wikitable" |+Position 5 !VIN code !Trim Level !Drive Wheels !GVWR !Restraint System |- |P |Discovery Sport SE '18-'19,<br> Range Rover Evoque SE, SE Premium '18-'19 |Awd |Class D (5,001-6,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |C |Range Rover Evoque Landmark Edition 4-d '18-'19 [Pos. 6 is 2] |Awd |Class D (5,001-6,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |R |Discovery Sport HSE '18, Range Rover Evoque HSE '18-'19 |Awd |Class D (5,001-6,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |R |Discovery Sport HSE '19, Landmark Edition '19 [Pos. 7 is F] |Awd |Class D (5,001-6,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |R |Discovery Sport HSE Dynamic '19 [Pos. 7 is G] |Awd |Class D (5,001-6,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |T |Discovery Sport HSE Lux '18 |Awd |Class D (5,001-6,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |T |Discovery Sport HSE Luxury '19 [Pos. 7 is F] |Awd |Class D (5,001-6,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |T |Discovery Sport HSE Luxury Dynamic '19 [Pos. 7 is G] |Awd |Class D (5,001-6,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |D |Range Rover Evoque HSE Dynamic '18-'19 [Pos. 6 is 2] |Awd |Class D (5,001-6,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |E |Range Rover Evoque Autobiography '18-'19 |Awd |Class D (5,001-6,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |C |Range Rover Evoque SE Dynamic 2-d convertible '18-'19 <br> [Pos. 6 is 5] |Awd |Class D (5,001-6,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags & Front Side Head/Thorax Airbags |- |D |Range Rover Evoque HSE Dynamic 2-d convertible '18-'19 <br> [Pos. 6 is 5] |Awd |Class D (5,001-6,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags & Front Side Head/Thorax Airbags |- |K |Discovery Sport base model '20 |Awd |Class D (5,001-6,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |J |Discovery Sport S '20-25, Range Rover Evoque S '20-'25 |Awd |Class D (5,001-6,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |P |Discovery Sport SE '20-'23, Range Rover Evoque SE '20-'23 |Awd |Class D (5,001-6,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |9 |Discovery Sport HSE '20 |Awd |Class D (5,001-6,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |L |Range Rover Evoque First Edition '20 [Pos. 7 is F] |Awd |Class D (5,001-6,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |T |Discovery Sport R-Dynamic S '20-'23,<br> Range Rover Evoque R-Dynamic S '20-'23 |Awd |Class D (5,001-6,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |L |Discovery Sport R-Dynamic SE '20-'23,<br> Discovery Sport Dynamic SE '24-'25,<br> Range Rover Evoque R-Dynamic SE '21-'23,<br> Range Rover Evoque Dynamic SE '24-'25 [Pos. 7 is F] |Awd |Class D (5,001-6,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |L |Range Rover Evoque R-Dynamic SE '20 [Pos. 7 is G] |Awd |Class D (5,001-6,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |M |Discovery Sport R-Dynamic HSE '20, Canada only: '21-'23,<br> Discovery Sport Dynamic HSE - Canada only: '24-'25,<br> Range Rover Evoque R-Dynamic HSE '20-'21,<br> Range Rover Evoque Dynamic HSE - Canada only: '24-'25 |Awd |Class D (5,001-6,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |W |Range Rover Evoque P250 Bronze Collection - <br> Canada only: '22-'23 [Pos. 7 is F] |Awd |Class D (5,001-6,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |W |Range Rover Evoque P300 HST '22-'23 [Pos. 7 is G] |Awd |Class D (5,001-6,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |A |Range Rover Velar base model '18-'19 [Pos. 8 is X] |Awd |Class D (5,001-6,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |B |Range Rover Velar S '18-'20 |Awd |Class D (5,001-6,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |J |Range Rover Velar S '21-'25 |Awd |Class D (5,001-6,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |C |Range Rover Velar SE - Canada only: '18 |Awd |Class D (5,001-6,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |L |Range Rover Velar R-Dynamic SE '18-'19 |Awd |Class D (5,001-6,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |A |Range Rover Velar R-Dynamic SE '19 (some early prod. w/340-hp engine) [Pos. 7 is F & Pos. 8 is V] |Awd |Class D (5,001-6,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |K |Range Rover Velar R-Dynamic S '20 |Awd |Class D (5,001-6,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |T |Range Rover Velar R-Dynamic S '21-'23 |Awd |Class D (5,001-6,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |L |Range Rover Velar Dynamic SE '24-'25 |Awd |Class D (5,001-6,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |M |Range Rover Velar R-Dynamic HSE '18-'22, First Edition '18 |Awd |Class D (5,001-6,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |V |Range Rover Velar HST '23 |Awd |Class D (5,001-6,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |M |Range Rover Velar Dynamic HSE '24-'25 |Awd |Class D (5,001-6,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |U |Range Rover Velar SVAutobiography Dynamic '20 |Awd |Class D (5,001-6,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |G |Discovery SE '18-'20, Range Rover Sport SE '18-'22 |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |U |Discovery Landmark Edition '20 |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |J |Discovery P300 S '21-'25 [Pos. 8 is X] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |J |Discovery P360 S - Canada only: '21-'23 [Pos. 8 is U] |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |T |Discovery P300 R-Dynamic S '21-'23 [Pos. 8 is X] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |T |Discovery P360 R-Dynamic S '21-'23 [Pos. 8 is U] |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |L |Discovery P300 Dynamic SE '24-'25 [Pos. 8 is X] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |L |Discovery P360 Dynamic SE '24-'25 [Pos. 8 is U] |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |M |Discovery P360 R-Dynamic HSE '21-'23,<br> P360 Dynamic HSE - Canada only: '24-'25 |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |W |Discovery P360 Metropolitan Edition '23-'25 |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |R |Discovery HSE '18-'20,<br> Range Rover Sport HSE '18 [Pos. 8 is V or K] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |R |Range Rover Sport HSE '19 [Pos. 8 is V or K or U] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |R |Range Rover Sport HSE '20, HSE Silver Edition '21 <br> [Pos. 8 is U or K] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |R |Range Rover Sport HSE Silver Edition '22 <br> [Pos. 8 is U] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |T |Discovery HSE Luxury '18-'20 |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |V |Range Rover Sport HSE Dynamic '18-'19 [Pos. 8 is V] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |S |Range Rover Sport HST Mid '19-'22 |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |R |Range Rover Sport P400e HSE '20,<br> P400e HSE Silver Edition '21-'22 [Pos. 8 is Y] |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |V |Range Rover Sport P400e Autobiography '20-'21 [Pos. 8 is Y] |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |R |Range Rover Sport Supercharged '18,<br> Supercharged Dynamic '18-'19, HSE Dynamic '20-'22 [Pos. 8 is E] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |V |Range Rover Sport Autobiography Dynamic '18,<br> Autobiography '19-'22 [Pos. 8 is E] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |Z |Range Rover Sport SVR '18-'22, SVR Carbon Edition '21-'22 |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |J |Range Rover Sport P360 S '25 |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |P |Range Rover Sport P360 SE '23-'25 |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |T |Range Rover Sport P400 Dynamic S - Canada only: '23 |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |L |Range Rover Sport Dynamic SE '23-'25 |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |M |Range Rover Sport P400 Dynamic HSE - Canada only: '24-'25 |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |1 |Range Rover Sport P440e Autobiography '23 |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |M |Range Rover Sport P440e HSE Dynamic - Canada only: '23 |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |1 |Range Rover Sport P550e Autobiography '24-'25, P530 Autobiography '25 |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |V |Range Rover Sport P530 First Edition '23 |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |Z |Range Rover Sport P635 SV Edition One w/Obsidian Black or <br> Flux Silver paint '24 |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |0 |Range Rover Sport P635 SV Edition One w/Carbon Bronze paint '24 |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |Z |Range Rover Sport P635 SV Edition Two '25 |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |R |Range Rover (L405) base model '18-'22 |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |S |Range Rover HSE '18-'19 [Pos. 8 is V or K] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |S |Range Rover HSE '20 [Pos. 8 is U or K] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |S |Range Rover HSE '21 [Pos. 8 is K] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |S |Range Rover (L405) HSE Westminster Edition '21-'22 <br> [Pos. 8 is U] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |S |Range Rover P400e HSE '20-'21 [Pos. 8 is Y] |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |V |Range Rover P400e Autobiography '20-'21 [Pos. 8 is Y] |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |S |Range Rover (L405) Supercharged SWB '18-'19,<br> P525 HSE SWB '20,<br> P525 HSE Westminster Edition SWB '21-'22 <br> [Pos. 6 is 2 & Pos. 8 is E] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |V |Range Rover (L405) Autobiography SWB '18-'22 [Pos. 6 is 2] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |U |Range Rover Autobiography Fifty Edition SWB '21 [Pos. 6 is 2] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |W |Range Rover (L405) SVAutobiography Dynamic '18-'22,<br> SVAutobiography Dynamic Black '21-'22 [Pos. 6 is 2] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |S |Range Rover (L405) Supercharged LWB '18-'19,<br> P525 HSE LWB '20,<br> P525 HSE Westminster Edition LWB '21-'22 <br> [Pos. 6 is 5 & Pos. 8 is E] |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |V |Range Rover (L405) Autobiography LWB '18-'22 [Pos. 6 is 5] |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |U |Range Rover Autobiography Fifty Edition LWB '21 [Pos. 6 is 5] |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |W |Range Rover (L405) SVAutobiography LWB '18-'22 [Pos. 6 is 5] |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |P |Range Rover (L460) SE '22-'25 |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |1 |Range Rover (L460) Autobiography '22-'25 |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |V |Range Rover (L460) P530 First Edition '22-'23 |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |U |Range Rover (L460) P530 SV '22-'23 |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |Z |Range Rover (L460) P615 SV '24-'25 |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |K |Defender 90 base model '21-'22 [Pos. 6 is 6] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |K |Defender 110 base model w/2 rows of seats '20-'23 [Pos. 6 is 7] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |K |Defender 110 base model w/3 rows of seats '20-'23 [Pos. 6 is E] |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |J |Defender 90 S '21-'25, Canada only: '26 [Pos. 6 is 6] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |J |Defender 110 S w/2 rows of seats '20-'26 [Pos. 6 is 7] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |J |Defender 110 S w/3 rows of seats '20-'26 [Pos. 6 is E] |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |J |Defender 130 S w/3 rows of seats '23-'26 [Pos. 6 is F] |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |Y |Defender 90 X-Dynamic S '21-'22 [Pos. 6 is 6] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |P |Defender 90 P400 SE '23 [Pos. 6 is 6] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |P |Defender 110 P400 SE w/2 rows of seats '20-'23 [Pos. 6 is 7] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |P |Defender 110 P500 SE w/2 rows of seats '24 [Pos. 6 is E] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |P |Defender 110 P400 SE w/3 rows of seats '20-'23 [Pos. 6 is E] |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |P |Defender 130 P400 SE w/3 rows of seats '23 [Pos. 6 is F] |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |2 |Defender 90 P400 X-Dynamic SE '22-'26,<br> Defender 90 X-Dynamic SE Sedona Red '26 [Pos. 6 is 6] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |2 |Defender 110 P400 X-Dynamic SE w/2 rows of seats '21-'26 <br> [Pos. 6 is 7] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |2 |Defender 110 P500 X-Dynamic SE w/2 rows of seats '25-'26 <br> [Pos. 6 is E & Pos. 8 is E] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |2 |Defender 110 P400 X-Dynamic SE w/3 rows of seats '21-'26 <br> [Pos. 6 is E & Pos. 8 is U] |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |2 |Defender 130 P400 X-Dynamic SE w/3 rows of seats '23-'26 <br> [Pos. 6 is F] |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |3 |Defender 90 X-Dynamic HSE '22 [Pos. 6 is 6] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |3 |Defender 110 X-Dynamic HSE w/2 rows of seats '21-'22 <br> [Pos. 6 is 7] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |3 |Defender 110 X-Dynamic HSE w/3 rows of seats '21-'22 <br> [Pos. 6 is E] |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |W |Defender 110 XS Edition w/2 rows of seats '22 <br> [Pos. 6 is 7 & Pos. 8 is U] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |W |Defender 110 XS Edition w/3 rows of seats '22 <br> [Pos. 6 is E & Pos. 8 is U] |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |W |Defender 90 75th Limited Edition '23 <br> [Pos. 6 is 6 & Pos. 8 is U] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |W |Defender 110 75th Limited Edition w/2 rows of seats '23 <br> [Pos. 6 is 7 & Pos. 8 is U] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |W |Defender 110 Sedona Red Edition w/2 rows of seats '25 <br> [Pos. 6 is 7 & Pos. 8 is U] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |W |Defender 110 Trophy Edition w/2 rows of seats '26 <br> [Pos. 6 is 7 & Pos. 8 is U] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |W |Defender 130 P400 Outbound w/2 rows of seats '24-'26 <br> [Pos. 6 is F & Pos. 8 is U] |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |V |Defender 90 First Edition '21 [Pos. 6 is 6] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |1 |Defender 110 First Edition w/2 rows of seats '20 [Pos. 6 is 7] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |1 |Defender 110 First Edition w/3 rows of seats '20 [Pos. 6 is E] |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |V |Defender 130 First Edition w/3 rows of seats '23 [Pos. 6 is F] |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |9 |Defender 110 HSE w/2 rows of seats '20 [Pos. 6 is 7] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |9 |Defender 110 HSE w/3 rows of seats '20 [Pos. 6 is E] |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |X |Defender 90 X '21-'23, Canada only: '24 [Pos. 6 is 6] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |X |Defender 110 X w/2 rows of seats '20-'26 [Pos. 6 is 7] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |X |Defender 110 X w/3 rows of seats '20-'26 [Pos. 6 is E] |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |X |Defender 130 X w/3 rows of seats '23-'26 [Pos. 6 is F] |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |B |Defender 90 P525 V8 '24 [Pos. 6 is 6] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |W |Defender 90 P525 V8 '22-'23, '25-'26,<br> P525 V8 Carpathian Edition '22-'24 [Pos. 6 is 6] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |B |Defender 110 P525 V8 w/2 rows of seats '24 <br> [Pos. 6 is E & Pos. 8 is E] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |W |Defender 110 P525 V8 w/2 rows of seats '22-'23, '25-'26,<br> P525 V8 Carpathian Edition w/2 rows of seats '22-'24,<br> P525 V8 Bond Edition w/2 rows of seats '22 <br> [Pos. 6 is E & Pos. 8 is E] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |B |Defender 130 P500 V8 w/3 rows of seats '24 <br> [Pos. 6 is F & Pos. 8 is E] |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |W |Defender 130 P500 V8 w/3 rows of seats '25-'26 <br> [Pos. 6 is F & Pos. 8 is E] |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |Z |Defender 110 P635 OCTA w/2 rows of seats '25-'26,<br> P635 OCTA Edition One w/2 rows of seats '25,<br> P635 OCTA Black w/2 rows of seats '26 <br> [Pos. 6 is E & Pos. 8 is 9] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |} ===Body Type=== {| class="wikitable" |+Position 6 !VIN code !Description |- |1 |4-door wagon (Range Rover '87-'12, Defender 110 '93, Discovery '94-'04) |- |1 |2-door soft top (Freelander SE3) ('03-'05) |- |1 |2-door wagon (Range Rover Evoque 2-d '12-'17) |- |2 |2-door soft top (Defender 90) ('94-'95, '97) |- |2 |4-door wagon (Freelander) ('02-'05) |- |2 |4-door wagon (LR2 '08-'15, Discovery Sport '15-'26, Range Rover Evoque 4-d '12-, LR3 '05-'09, LR4 '10-'16, Discovery '18-, Range Rover Sport '06-'22, Range Rover Sport P400e '20, Range Rover SWB (L405) '13-'22, Range Rover Velar '18-) |- |3 |2-door wagon (Defender 90) ('95, '97) |- |3 |4-door wagon LWB (Range Rover LWB '14-'16) |- |3 |4-door wagon LWB w/Class E GVWR (Range Rover SV Autobiography LWB '17) |- |4 |4-door wagon [[w:Plug-in hybrid|PHEV]] (Range Rover P400e '20-'21, Range Rover Sport P400e '21-Early '22) |- |5 |4-door wagon LWB w/Class F GVWR (Range Rover Supercharged LWB & Autobiography LWB '17) |- |5 |4-door wagon LWB w/Class F GVWR (Range Rover LWB (L405) '18-'22) |- |5 |2-door convertible (Range Rover Evoque convertible '17-'19) |- |6 |2-door wagon (Defender 90 '21-) |- |7 |4-door wagon w/2 rows of seating (Defender 110 P300/P400 '20-) |- |9 |4-door wagon (Range Rover SWB (L460) '22-, Range Rover Sport '23-) |- |B |4-door wagon (Discovery '17) |- |B |4-door wagon LWB (Range Rover LWB (L460) '22-) |- |E |4-door wagon w/3 rows of seating (Defender 110 P300/P400 w/opt. 3rd row '20-) |- |E |4-door wagon w/2 rows of seating (Defender 110 V8 models '22-) |- |F |4-door wagon w/extended length (Defender 130 '23-) |} SWB=Short-wheelbase, LWB=Long-wheelbase ===Engine Type (All Models 1987-2016 EXCEPT LR2, Discovery Sport, Range Rover Evoque)=== {| class="wikitable" |+Position 7 |- ! VIN !! Size !! Type !! Fuel !! Valvetrain !! Engine Family/Notes/Applications |- | 1 || 3.5L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||MPI. [[w:Rover V8 engine|(Ex-GM) Rover V8 engine]]. Land Rover Range Rover ('87-'88). |- | 1 || 4.4L || V8 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||Sequential MPI. Single VANOS (Intake VVT). BMW M62TUB44 engine. Land Rover Range Rover ('03-'05). |- | 2 || 3.9L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||MPI. (Ex-GM) Rover V8 engine.<br> Land Rover Range Rover SWB ('89-'94), Range Rover County Classic [SWB] ('95), Defender 110 ('93),<br> Defender 90 ('94-'95), Discovery ('94-'95). |- | 2 || 4.0L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||Sequential MPI. (3947 cc, actually 3.9L). (Ex-GM) Rover V8 engine. Land Rover Range Rover 4.0 SE ('95-'99),<br> Discovery ('96-'02), Defender 90 ('97). |- | 2 || 2.5L || 90° V6 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||Sequential MPI. VIS. [[w:Rover KV6 engine|Rover KV6 engine]]. Land Rover Freelander ('02-'05). |- | 3 || 4.2L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||MPI. (4275 cc, actually 4.3L). (Ex-GM) Rover V8 engine. Land Rover Range Rover County LWB ('93-'95). |- | 3 || 4.2L || V8 [[w:Supercharged|SC]] [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||Sequential MPI. Jaguar AJ33S engine. Land Rover Range Rover ('06-'09), Range Rover Sport ('06-'09). |- | 4 || 4.6L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||Sequential MPI. (Ex-GM) Rover V8 engine. Land Rover Range Rover 4.6 HSE ('96-'99), Discovery ('03). |- | 4 || 4.0L || 60° V6 || Gas ||SOHC,<br /> 12 valve||Sequential MPI. Variable intake manifold. Ford Cologne V6 engine.<br> Land Rover LR3 ('05-'07 & also '08-'09 in Canada). |- | 5 || 4.0L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||Sequential MPI. (3947 cc, actually 3.9L). (Ex-GM) Rover V8 engine. LEV.<br> Land Rover Range Rover 4.0 SE ('00), Discovery ('00-'02). |- | 5 || 4.4L || V8 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||Sequential MPI. Continuously VCP (Intake VVT). Jaguar AJ41 engine.<br> Land Rover LR3 ('05-'09), Range Rover ('06-'09), Range Rover Sport ('06-'09). |- | 6 || 4.6L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||Sequential MPI. (Ex-GM) Rover V8 engine. LEV ('00-'02) or ULEV ('03).<br> Land Rover Range Rover 4.6 HSE ('00-'02), 4.6 SE ('01), Discovery ('03). |- | 9 || 4.6L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||Sequential MPI. (Ex-GM) Rover V8 engine. Land Rover Discovery ('04). |- | D || 5.0L || V8 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||Direct injection. Dual Continuously VCT (VVT). CPS (Intake VVL). VIS. Jaguar AJ133 engine (LR-V8).<br> Land Rover LR4 ('10-'13), Range Rover ('10-'13), Range Rover Sport ('10-'13). |- | E || 5.0L || V8 [[w:Supercharged|SC]] [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||Direct injection. Dual Continuously VCT (VVT). Jaguar AJ133S engine (LR-V8S).<br> Land Rover Range Rover ('10-'16), Range Rover Sport ('10-'16). |- | K || 3.0L || 60° V6 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||Common-rail Direct injection. Ford-PSA "Lion" AJD-V6 engine.<br> Land Rover Range Rover Td6 ('16), Range Rover Sport Td6 ('16). |- | P || 3.0L || 90° V6 [[w:Supercharged|SC]] [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||Direct injection. Dual Continuously VCT (VVT). Jaguar AJ126 engine.<br> Land Rover Range Rover ('16), Range Rover Sport ('16). |- | T || 5.0L || V8 [[w:Supercharged|SC]] [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas/E85 ||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||Flex Fuel. Direct injection. Dual Continuously VCT (VVT). Jaguar AJ133S engine (LR-V8S).<br> Land Rover Range Rover ('14-'15), Range Rover Sport ('14-'15). |- | V || 3.0L || 90° V6 [[w:Supercharged|SC]] [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||Direct injection. Dual Continuously VCT (VVT). Jaguar AJ126 engine.<br> Land Rover LR4 ('14-'16), Range Rover ('14-'16), Range Rover Sport ('14-'16). |- | W || 3.0L || 90° V6 [[w:Supercharged|SC]] [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas/E85 ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||Flex Fuel. Direct injection. Dual Continuously VCT (VVT). Jaguar AJ126 engine.<br> Land Rover Range Rover ('14), Range Rover Sport ('14). |} VVT=Variable Valve Timing. VCP=Variable Camshaft Phasing. VCT=Variable Camshaft Timing. VIS=Variable Intake System. LEV=Low Emissions Vehicle. ULEV=Ultra-Low Emissions Vehicle. CPS=Cam Profile Switching. VVL=Variable Valve Lift. ===Transmission Type (LR2, Discovery Sport, Range Rover Evoque only 2008-2016)=== {| class="wikitable" |+Position 7 !VIN code !Description |- |4 |6-speed automatic (Aisin AWF21) (LR2 '08-'09) |- |B |6-speed automatic (Aisin AWF21) (LR2 '10-'15, Range Rover Evoque '12-'13) |- |B |9-speed automatic (ZF 9HP) (Discovery Sport '15-'16, Range Rover Evoque '14-'16) |} ===Transmission Type (All models 2017)=== {| class="wikitable" |+Position 7 !VIN code !Description |- |B |8-speed automatic (ZF 8HP) (Discovery '17) |- |B |9-speed automatic (ZF 9HP) (Discovery Sport '17, Range Rover Evoque '17) |- |F |8-speed automatic (ZF 8HP) (Range Rover '17, Range Rover Sport '17) |} ===Transmission Type (All Models 1987-2016 EXCEPT LR2, Discovery Sport, Range Rover Evoque)=== {| class="wikitable" |+Position 8 !VIN code !Description |- |2 |5-speed automatic [manual shift mode: Steptronic or CommandShift] (Jatco JF506E) (Freelander '02-'05) |- |4 |4-speed automatic (ZF 4HP22 or w/4.6L V8: 4HP24) (Range Rover '87-'02, Discovery '94-'04, Defender 90 '97) |- |4 |5-speed automatic (ZF 5HP24) (Range Rover '03-'05) |- |4 |6-speed automatic (ZF 6HP26X) (LR3 '05-'09, Range Rover '06-'09, Range Rover Sport '06-'09) |- |4 |6-speed automatic (ZF 6HP28X) (LR4 '10-'13, Range Rover '10-'12, Range Rover Sport '10-'13) |- |6 |8-speed automatic (ZF 8HP) (LR4 '14-'16) |- |8 |5-speed manual (Defender 110 '93, Defender 90 '94-'95, Discovery '94-'97) |- |F |8-speed automatic (ZF 8HP) (Range Rover '13-'16, Range Rover Sport '14-'16) |} All are LHD (Left-hand drive). ===Engine Type (LR2, Discovery Sport, Range Rover Evoque only 2008-2016)=== {| class="wikitable" |+Position 8 |- ! VIN !! Size !! Type !! Fuel !! Valvetrain !! Engine Family/Notes/Applications |- | G || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Direct Injection. Dual VVT. Ford EcoBoost engine (Mazda L engine-based).<br> Land Rover LR2 ('13-'15), Discovery Sport ('15-'16), Range Rover Evoque ('12-'16). |- | N || 3.2L || I6 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||MPI. VCT (Intake VVT). CPS (Intake VVL). VIS. [[w:Volvo SI6 engine#B6324S5|Volvo SI6 engine - B6324S5]]. Land Rover LR2 ('08-'12). |- |} VCT=Variable Cam Timing. VVT=Variable Valve Timing. CPS=Cam Profile Switching. VVL=Variable Valve Lift. VIS=Variable Intake System. ===Engine Type (All models 2017 only)=== {| class="wikitable" |+Position 8 |- ! VIN !! Size !! Type !! Fuel !! Valvetrain !! Engine Family/Notes/Applications |- | E || 5.0L || V8 [[w:Supercharged|SC]] [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||Direct injection. Dual Continuously VCT (VVT). Jaguar AJ133S engine (LR-V8S).<br> Land Rover Range Rover ('17), Range Rover Sport ('17). |- | G || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Direct Injection. Dual VVT. Ford EcoBoost engine (Mazda L engine-based).<br> Land Rover Discovery Sport ('17), Range Rover Evoque ('17). |- | K || 3.0L || 60° V6 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||Common-rail Direct injection. Ford-PSA "Lion" AJD-V6 engine.<br> Land Rover Discovery Td6 ('17), Range Rover Td6 ('17), Range Rover Sport Td6 ('17). |- | V || 3.0L || 90° V6 [[w:Supercharged|SC]] [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||Direct injection. Dual Continuously VCT (VVT). Jaguar AJ126 engine.<br> Land Rover Discovery ('17), Range Rover ('17), Range Rover Sport ('17). |} ==Engine 2018-== ===Engine Variant (All models 2018-)=== {| class="wikitable" |+Position 7 |- ! VIN !! Power Level/Engine !! Transmission !! Model |- |R (followed by X) |237 hp 2.0L Ingenium turbo I4 |9-speed auto. |Discovery Sport ('18), Range Rover Evoque ('18-'19) |- |S (followed by X) |286 hp 2.0L Ingenium turbo I4 |9-speed auto. |Discovery Sport ('18), Range Rover Evoque ('18-'19) |- |F (followed by X) |237 hp 2.0L Ingenium turbo I4 |9-speed auto. |Discovery Sport ('19) |- |G (followed by X) |286 hp 2.0L Ingenium turbo I4 |9-speed auto. |Discovery Sport ('19), Discovery Sport P290 ('20) |- |F (followed by X) |246 hp 2.0L Ingenium turbo I4 |9-speed auto. |Discovery Sport P250 ('20-'26), Range Rover Evoque S/SE/1st Edition ('20),<br> Range Rover Evoque P250 ('21-'26) |- |G (followed by X) |296 hp 2.0L Ingenium turbo I4 |9-speed auto. |Range Rover Evoque R-Dynamic S/SE/HSE ('20),<br> Range Rover Evoque P300 HST ('22-'23) |- |R (followed by X) |247 hp 2.0L Ingenium turbo I4 |8-speed auto. |Range Rover Velar ('18) |- |E (followed by X) |247 hp 2.0L Ingenium turbo I4 |8-speed auto. |Range Rover Velar P250 ('19-'26) |- |F (followed by X) |296 hp 2.0L Ingenium turbo I4 |8-speed auto. |Range Rover Velar P300 (Canada only: '19-'20) |- |R (followed by N) |180 hp 2.0L Ingenium turbodiesel I4 |8-speed auto. |Range Rover Velar ('18) |- |E (followed by N) |180 hp 2.0L Ingenium turbodiesel I4 |8-speed auto. |Range Rover Velar D180 ('19) |- |R (followed by V) |380 hp 3.0L AJ126 supercharged V6 |8-speed auto. |Range Rover Velar ('18) |- |F (followed by V) |340 hp 3.0L AJ126 supercharged V6 |8-speed auto. |Range Rover Velar P340 ('19-'20) |- |E (followed by V) |380 hp 3.0L AJ126 supercharged V6 |8-speed auto. |Range Rover Velar P380 ('19-'20) |- |E (followed by U) |335 hp 3.0L Ingenium <br> turbo & E-supercharged I6 |8-speed auto. |Range Rover Velar P340 ('21-'23, Canada only: '24-'26) |- |F (followed by U) |395 hp 3.0L Ingenium <br> turbo & E-supercharged I6 |8-speed auto. |Range Rover Velar P400 R-Dynamic HSE ('21-'22), <br> Range Rover Velar P400 HST ('23), <br> Range Rover Velar P400 Dynamic SE/HSE ('24-'25), <br> Range Rover Velar P400 Dynamic SE/Autobiography/Belgravia Ed. ('26) |- |E (followed by E) |550 hp 5.0L AJ133 supercharged V8 |8-speed auto. |Range Rover Velar SVAutobiography Dynamic ('20) |- |R (followed by V) |340 hp 3.0L AJ126 supercharged V6 |8-speed auto. |Discovery ('18-'20), Range Rover Sport SE/HSE ('18-'19), Range Rover ('18-'19) |- |R (followed by K) |254 hp 3.0L "Lion" AJD-V6 turbodiesel V6 |8-speed auto. |Discovery Td6 ('18-'20), Range Rover Sport Td6 ('18-'21), Range Rover Td6 ('18-'21) |- |R (followed by X) |296 hp 2.0L Ingenium turbo I4 |8-speed auto. |Discovery P300 ('21) |- |R (followed by U) |355 hp 3.0L Ingenium <br> turbo & E-supercharged I6 |8-speed auto. |Discovery P360 ('21) |- |E (followed by X) |296 hp 2.0L Ingenium turbo I4 |8-speed auto. |Discovery P300 ('22-'24) |- |F (followed by X) |296 hp 2.0L Ingenium turbo I4 |8-speed auto. |Discovery P300 ('25-'26) |- |E (followed by U) |355 hp 3.0L Ingenium <br> turbo & E-supercharged I6 |8-speed auto. |Discovery P360 ('22-'26) |- |S (followed by V) |380 hp 3.0L AJ126 supercharged V6 |8-speed auto. |Range Rover Sport HSE Dynamic ('18-'19), Range Rover HSE ('18-'19) |- |R (followed by U) |355 hp 3.0L Ingenium <br> turbo & E-supercharged I6 |8-speed auto. |Range Rover Sport SE/HSE (Mid '19) |- |S (followed by U) |395 hp 3.0L Ingenium <br> turbo & E-supercharged I6 |8-speed auto. |Range Rover Sport HST (Mid '19) |- |S (followed by U) |355 hp 3.0L Ingenium <br> turbo & E-supercharged I6 |8-speed auto. |Range Rover Sport P360 SE/HSE ('20),<br> Range Rover Sport P360 SE/HSE Silver ('21-'22), Range Rover (L405) P360 ('20-'22) |- |R (followed by U) |395 hp 3.0L Ingenium <br> turbo & E-supercharged I6 |8-speed auto. |Range Rover Sport P400 HST ('20-'22), Range Rover P400 HSE ('20),<br> Range Rover (L405) P400 HSE Westminster ('21-'22) |- |R (followed by Y) |398 hp 2.0L Ingenium turbo I4 + 1 motor <br> Gas-Electric [[w:Plug-in hybrid|PHEV]] |8-speed auto. |Range Rover Sport P400e ('20-'22), Range Rover P400e ('20-'21) |- |R (followed by E) |518 hp 5.0L AJ133 supercharged V8 |8-speed auto. |Range Rover Sport ('18-'19), Range Rover ('18-'19) |- |S (followed by E) |575 hp 5.0L AJ133 supercharged V8 |8-speed auto. |Range Rover Sport SVR ('18-'19) |- |S (followed by E) |557 hp 5.0L AJ133 supercharged V8 |8-speed auto. |Range Rover SVAutobiography Dynamic, SVAutobiography LWB ('18-'19) |- |S (followed by E) |518 hp 5.0L AJ133 supercharged V8 |8-speed auto. |Range Rover Sport P525 ('20-'22), Range Rover (L405) P525 ('20-'22) |- |R (followed by E) |575 hp 5.0L AJ133 supercharged V8 |8-speed auto. |Range Rover Sport SVR ('20-'22) |- |R (followed by E) |557 hp 5.0L AJ133 supercharged V8 |8-speed auto. |Range Rover (L405) SVAutobiography Dynamic, SVAutobiography LWB ('20-'22) |- |E (followed by U) |355 hp 3.0L Ingenium <br> turbo & E-supercharged I6 |8-speed auto. |Range Rover Sport P360 ('23-'26) |- |F (followed by U) |395 hp 3.0L Ingenium <br> turbo & E-supercharged I6 |8-speed auto. |Range Rover Sport P400 ('23-'26), <br> Range Rover (L460) P400 SE ('22-'26) |- |E (followed by 4) |434 hp 3.0L Ingenium <br> turbo & E-supercharged I6 + 1 motor <br> Gas-Electric [[w:Plug-in hybrid|PHEV]] |8-speed auto. |Range Rover Sport P440e ('23) |- |F (followed by 4) |434 hp 3.0L Ingenium <br> turbo & E-supercharged I6 + 1 motor <br> Gas-Electric [[w:Plug-in hybrid|PHEV]] |8-speed auto. |Range Rover P440e ('23) |- |E (followed by 4) |454 hp 3.0L Ingenium <br> turbo & E-supercharged I6 + 1 motor <br> Gas-Electric [[w:Plug-in hybrid|PHEV]] |8-speed auto. |Range Rover Sport P460e ('25-'26) |- |F (followed by 4) |542 hp 3.0L Ingenium <br> turbo & E-supercharged I6 + 1 motor <br> Gas-Electric [[w:Plug-in hybrid|PHEV]] |8-speed auto. |Range Rover Sport P550e ('24-'26), Range Rover P550e ('24-'26) |- |E (followed by 7) |523 hp 4.4L BMW N63 (JLR NC10)<br> twin-turbo V8 |8-speed auto. |Range Rover Sport P530 ('23), <br> Range Rover (L460) P530 ('22-'23) |- |F (followed by 9) |626 hp 4.4L BMW S68 (JLR NC11)<br> twin-turbo V8 |8-speed auto. |Range Rover Sport P635 SV Edition One ('24),<br> Range Rover Sport P635 SV Edition Two ('25), Range Rover Sport P635 SV ('26) |- |E (followed by 9) |523 hp 4.4L BMW S68 (JLR NC11)<br> twin-turbo V8 |8-speed auto. |Range Rover (L460) P530 ('24-'26), Range Rover Sport P530 ('25-'26) |- |F (followed by 9) |606 hp 4.4L BMW S68 (JLR NC11)<br> twin-turbo V8 |8-speed auto. |Range Rover (L460) P615 SV ('24-'26) |- |E (followed by X) |296 hp 2.0L Ingenium turbo I4 |8-speed auto. |Defender 110 P300 ('20) |- |E (followed by U) |395 hp 3.0L Ingenium <br> turbo & E-supercharged I6 |8-speed auto. |Defender 110 P400 ('20) |- |R (followed by X) |296 hp 2.0L Ingenium turbo I4 |8-speed auto. |Defender 90 P300 ('21-'22), Defender 110 P300 ('21-'22) |- |R (followed by U) |395 hp 3.0L Ingenium <br> turbo & E-supercharged I6 |8-speed auto. |Defender 90 P400 ('21-'22), Defender 110 P400 ('21-'22) |- |R (followed by E) |518 hp 5.0L AJ133 supercharged V8 |8-speed auto. |Defender 90 P525 ('22), Defender 110 P525 ('22) |- |E (followed by X) |296 hp 2.0L Ingenium turbo I4 |8-speed auto. |Defender 90 P300 ('23-'25, Canada only: '26), Defender 110 P300 ('23-'26) |- |E (followed by U) |296 hp 3.0L Ingenium <br> turbo & E-supercharged I6 |8-speed auto. |Defender 130 P300 S ('23) [Pos. 5 is J] |- |F (followed by U) |296 hp 3.0L Ingenium <br> turbo & E-supercharged I6 |8-speed auto. |Defender 130 P300 S ('24-'26) |- |E (followed by U) |395 hp 3.0L Ingenium <br> turbo & E-supercharged I6 |8-speed auto. |Defender 90 P400 ('23-'26), Defender 110 P400 ('23-'26), Defender 130 P400 ('23-'26) |- |F (followed by E) |493 hp 5.0L AJ133 supercharged V8 |8-speed auto. |Defender 110 P500 ('24-'26), Defender 130 P500 ('24-'26) |- |E (followed by E) |518 hp 5.0L AJ133 supercharged V8 |8-speed auto. |Defender 90 P525 ('23-'26), Defender 110 P525 ('23-'26) |- |E (followed by 9) |626 hp 4.4L BMW S68 (JLR NC11)<br> twin-turbo V8 |8-speed auto. |Defender 110 P635 OCTA ('25-'26) |} ===Engine Type (All models 2018-)=== {| class="wikitable" |+Position 8 |- ! VIN !! Size !! Type !! Fuel !! Valvetrain !! Engine Family/Notes/Applications |- | E || 5.0L || V8 [[w:Supercharged|SC]] [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||Direct injection. Dual Continuously VCT (VVT). Jaguar AJ133S engine (LR-V8S).<br> Land Rover Range Rover ('18-'22), Range Rover Sport ('18-'22),<br> Range Rover Velar SVAutobiography Dynamic ('20), Defender V8 ('22-'26). |- | K || 3.0L || 60° V6 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||Common-rail Direct injection. Ford-PSA "Lion" AJD-V6 engine.<br> Land Rover Discovery Td6 ('18-'20), Range Rover Td6 ('18-'21), Range Rover Sport Td6 ('18-'21). |- | N || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Common-rail Direct Injection. Exhaust VVT. JLR Ingenium AJ20D engine.<br> Land Rover Range Rover Velar ('18-'19) |- | U || 3.0L || I6 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||48v Mild Hybrid. E-supercharger. Direct Injection. Dual VVT. CVVL (Intake VVL).<br> JLR Ingenium AJ20P6/AJ300P engine.<br> Land Rover Discovery ('21-), Range Rover ('20-), Range Rover Sport (Mid '19-), Range Rover Velar ('21-), Defender ('20-). |- | V || 3.0L || 90° V6 [[w:Supercharged|SC]] [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||Direct injection. Dual Continuously VCT (VVT). Jaguar AJ126 engine. Land Rover Discovery ('18-'20),<br> Range Rover ('18-'19), Range Rover Sport ('18-Mid '19), Range Rover Velar ('18-'20). |- | X || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Direct Injection. Dual VVT. CVVL (Intake VVL). JLR Ingenium AJ20P4/AJ200P engine.<br> Land Rover Discovery Sport ('18-'26), Range Rover Evoque ('18-), Range Rover Velar ('18-), Defender ('20-'26), Discovery ('21-). |- | Y || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas-Electric [[w:Plug-in hybrid|PHEV]] || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Direct Injection. Dual VVT. CVVL (Intake VVL). JLR Ingenium AJ20P4/AJ200P engine + 1 Front motor.<br> 12.4 kWh Lithium-ion Battery Pack.<br> Land Rover Range Rover P400e ('20-'21), Range Rover Sport P400e ('20-Early '22). |- | 4 || 3.0L || I6 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas-Electric [[w:Plug-in hybrid|PHEV]] || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||E-supercharger. Direct Injection. Dual VVT. CVVL (Intake VVL).<br> JLR Ingenium AJ20P6/AJ300P engine + 1 Front motor. 31.8 kWh Lithium-ion Battery Pack.<br> Land Rover Range Rover P440e ('23), P550e ('24-); Range Rover Sport P440e ('23), P460e ('25-), P550e ('24-). |- | 7 || 4.4L || V8 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||Direct Injection. Dual VVT (Double VANOS). Valvetronic (Intake VVL). BMW N63B44T3 [N63TU3] engine [JLR NC10-P8H]. Land Rover Range Rover [L460] ('22-'23), Range Rover Sport ('23). |- | 9 || 4.4L || V8 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||48v Mild Hybrid. Direct Injection. Dual VVT (Double VANOS). Valvetronic (Intake VVL). BMW S68B44TO [S68B44A] engine [JLR NC11-P8S]. Land Rover Range Rover [L460] ('24-), Range Rover Sport ('24-),<br> Defender Octa ('25-). |- |} CVVL=Continuously Variable Valve Lift. ==Check Digit/Gearbox (Position 9)== * USA /Canada [[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Check digit|Check digit]] ==Model Year Code (Position 10)== ''See: [[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Model year]]'' ==Plant Codes (Position 11)== * A - Solihull, West Midlands, England, UK * H - Halewood, Merseyside, England, UK * 2 - Nitra, Slovakia ==External links== * [http://www.clifton.nl/calvin.html CalVIN, the on-line free Land Rover VIN CALculator] * [http://www.fourfold.org/LR_FAQ Land Rover FAQ archive] * [http://www.vindecoderz.com/EN/Land%20Rover Land Rover VIN decoder] {{BookCat}} c1w88gjoihw1bkrxf4ukn8e1vny9sfj 4679402 4679398 2026-11-01T03:28:50Z JustTheFacts33 3434282 /* Trim Level/Drive Wheels/GVWR/Restraint System (Position 5) */ 4679402 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Warning}}{{clear}} From 1948 to the early eighties, Land Rover used for their cars chassis numbers of their own format. These formats are described in the table below. Since 1980 Land Rover deploys the standard 17-character Vehicle Identification Number ('''VIN'''), complying with international standards. Car details can be derived (decoded, calculated) from the chassis numbers and the VIN. Typically, the model (Defender, Discovery, Range Rover, Freelander), model type (station wagon, three/four door, etc), wheelbase (90 inch, 100 inch, 110 inch, etc.), engine, LHD/RHD, gearbox, and model year is included in the VIN. ===Chassis number formats over the years=== <table> <tr><th>Description</th><th>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</th><th>Format</th></tr> <tr><td>17-characters, International VIN, 1980-later</td><td></td><td>SAL..............</td></tr> <tr><td>17-characters, Int. VIN for LR do Brazil </td><td></td><td>93R..............</td></tr> <tr><td>17-characters, Int. VIN for AAD, 1985-1995 </td><td></td><td>AAD..............</td></tr> <tr><td>17-characters, US/Canada VIN, 1987-later </td><td></td><td>SAL.................</td></tr> <tr><td>17-characters, Brazil VIN for JLR Brazil, 2016-later </td><td></td><td>99J.................</td></tr> <tr></tr> <tr><td>14-characters: is actually the 17-char</td></tr> <tr><td>VIN missing the SAL bit</td></tr> <tr><td> <tr><td>9-character numbers, 1955 </td><td></td><td>17.6.....</td></tr> <tr><td>9-character numbers, 1956 to 1961 </td><td></td><td>1........</td></tr> <tr><td>9-character numbers, 1950 </td><td></td><td>L........ or R........</td></tr> <tr><td>9-character numbers, 1962 to 1979 </td><td></td><td>.........</td></tr> <tr></tr> <tr><td>8-character numbers, 1948 to 1949 </td><td></td><td>.8......</td></tr> <tr><td>8-character numbers, 1950 to 1953 </td><td></td><td>.6......</td></tr> <tr><td>8-character numbers, 1954 to 1955 </td><td></td><td>.7......</td></tr> <tr></tr> <tr><td>7-character numbers, 1948 to 1949 </td><td></td><td>.......</td></tr> <tr><td>6-character numbers, ???? prototypes </td><td></td><td>110F..</td></tr> <tr><td>3-character numbers, 1948 prototypes </td><td></td><td>R.. or L..</td></tr> </table> ===Land Rover WMIs (1981-) (Position 1-3)=== * SAL - Land Rover (UK & Europe) * 99J - JLR Brazil * L2C - Chery Jaguar Land Rover (China) ===Model Line=== {| class="wikitable" |+Position 4 !VIN code !Description |- |A |[[w:Land Rover Discovery#Discovery 3 / LR3 (2004–2009)|Land Rover LR3]] ('05-'09) |- |A |[[w:Land Rover Discovery#Discovery 4 / LR4 (2009–2016)|Land Rover LR4]] ('10-'16) |- |C |[[w:Land Rover Discovery Sport|Land Rover Discovery Sport]] ('15-'26) |- |D |[[w:Land Rover Defender#North American Specification (NAS) Defenders|Land Rover Defender]] ('93-'95, '97) |- |E |[[w:Land Rover Defender (L663)|Land Rover Defender (L663)]] ('20-) |- |F |[[w:Land Rover Freelander#Freelander 2 (L359; 2006–2015)|Land Rover LR2]] ('08-'15) |- |G |[[w:Range Rover (L405)|Land Rover Range Rover (L405)]] (4th gen.) ('13-'22) |- |H |[[w:Range Rover Classic|Land Rover Range Rover/Range Rover Classic]] (1st gen.) ('87-'95) |- |J |[[w:Land Rover Discovery#First & Second generation Discovery|Land Rover Discovery]] ('94-'98 & '99 Discovery SD) |- |K |[[w:Range Rover (L460)|Land Rover Range Rover (L460)]] (5th gen.) (Mid '22-) |- |M |[[w:Range Rover (L322)|Land Rover Range Rover (L322)]] (3rd gen.) ('03-'12) |- |N |[[w:Land Rover Freelander#Freelander in North America|Land Rover Freelander]] ('02-'05) |- |P |[[w:Range Rover (P38A)|Land Rover Range Rover (P38A)]] (2nd gen.) ('95-'02) |- |R |[[w:Land Rover Discovery#Fifth generation Discovery (L462; 2017–present)|Land Rover Discovery]] ('17-) |- |S |[[w:Range Rover Sport#First generation (L320; 2005)|Land Rover Range Rover Sport]] (1st gen.) ('06-'13) |- |T |[[w:Land Rover Discovery#Discovery Series II (L318; 1998–2004)|Land Rover Discovery Series II]] ('99-'04) |- |V |[[w:Range Rover Evoque#First generation (L538; 2011)|Land Rover Range Rover Evoque]] (1st gen.) ('12-'19) |- |W |[[w:Range Rover Sport#Second generation (L494; 2013)|Land Rover Range Rover Sport]] (2nd gen.) ('14-'22) |- |Y |[[w:Range Rover Velar|Land Rover Range Rover Velar]] (1st gen.) ('18-) |- |Z |[[w:Range Rover Evoque#Second generation (L551; 2018)|Land Rover Range Rover Evoque]] (2nd gen.) ('20-) |- |1 |[[w:Range Rover Sport#Third generation (L461; 2022)|Land Rover Range Rover Sport]] (3rd gen.) ('23-) |- |} ===Model Series/GVWR=== {| class="wikitable" |+Position 5 !VIN code !Series !GVWR |- |V (following H) |Range Rover 100" wheelbase (1st gen.) |Class E |- |E (following H) |Range Rover 100" wheelbase (CA emissions) (1st gen.) ('95) |Class E |- |C (following H) |Range Rover LWB 108" wheelbase (1st gen.) |Class E |- |F (following H) |Range Rover LWB 108" wheelbase (CA emissions) (1st gen.) ('95) |Class E |- |H (following D) |Defender 110 ('93) |Class E |- |V (following D) |Defender 90 ('94-'95, '97) |Class E |- |X (following D) |Defender 90 (CA emissions) ('95) |Class E |- |Y (following J) |Discovery ('94-'98 & '99 Discovery SD) |Class E |- |N (following J) |Discovery (CA emissions) ('95-'96) |Class E |- |Y (following T) |Discovery Series II ('99-'00) |Class E |- |V (following P) |Range Rover (2nd gen.) ('95-'98) |Class E |- |E (following P) |Range Rover (2nd gen.) (CA emissions) ('95-'96) |Class E |- |A (following P) |Range Rover (2nd gen.) (GEMS engine management) (Early '99) |Class E |- |V (following P) |Range Rover (2nd gen.) (Bosch engine management) ('99-'00) |Class E |- |C (following P) |Range Rover 4.6 HSE Callaway Edition (2nd gen.) (Callaway-modified engine) ('99) |Class E |- |} ===Model Series/Trim Level/GVWR=== {| class="wikitable" |+Position 5 !VIN code !Series !GVWR |- |M (following N) |Freelander S ('02-'03) |Class C |- |Y (following N) |Freelander SE ('02-'05), SE3 ('03-'05) |Class C |- |E (following N) |Freelander HSE ('02-'04) |Class C |- |L (following T) |Discovery Series II SD ('01-'02), S ('03-'04) |Class E |- |K (following T) |Discovery Series II SD7 ('01-'02), S7 ('03-'04) |Class E |- |Y (following T) |Discovery Series II SE ('01-'04) |Class E |- |W (following T) |Discovery Series II SE7 ('01-'04) |Class E |- |H (following T) |Discovery Series II LE ('01) |Class E |- |J (following T) |Discovery Series II LE7 ('01) |Class E |- |P (following T) |Discovery Series II HSE ('03-'04) |Class E |- |R (following T) |Discovery Series II HSE7 ('03-'04) |Class E |- |L (following P) |Range Rover (2nd gen.) 4.6 SE ('01) |Class E |- |M (following P) |Range Rover (2nd gen.) 4.6 HSE ('01-'02), Westminster Edition ('02) |Class E |- |H (following M) |Range Rover (3rd gen.) Westminster Edition ('04-'05) |Class E |- |} ===Trim Level/Drive Wheels/GVWR/Restraint System (Position 5)=== {| class="wikitable" |+Position 5 !VIN code !Trim Level !Drive Wheels !GVWR !Restraint System |- |P |Discovery Sport SE '18-'19,<br> Range Rover Evoque SE, SE Premium '18-'19 |Awd |Class D (5,001-6,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |C |Range Rover Evoque Landmark Edition 4-d '18-'19 [Pos. 6 is 2] |Awd |Class D (5,001-6,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |R |Discovery Sport HSE '18, Range Rover Evoque HSE '18-'19 |Awd |Class D (5,001-6,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |R |Discovery Sport HSE '19, Landmark Edition '19 [Pos. 7 is F] |Awd |Class D (5,001-6,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |R |Discovery Sport HSE Dynamic '19 [Pos. 7 is G] |Awd |Class D (5,001-6,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |T |Discovery Sport HSE Lux '18 |Awd |Class D (5,001-6,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |T |Discovery Sport HSE Luxury '19 [Pos. 7 is F] |Awd |Class D (5,001-6,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |T |Discovery Sport HSE Luxury Dynamic '19 [Pos. 7 is G] |Awd |Class D (5,001-6,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |D |Range Rover Evoque HSE Dynamic '18-'19 [Pos. 6 is 2] |Awd |Class D (5,001-6,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |E |Range Rover Evoque Autobiography '18-'19 |Awd |Class D (5,001-6,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |C |Range Rover Evoque SE Dynamic 2-d convertible '18-'19 <br> [Pos. 6 is 5] |Awd |Class D (5,001-6,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags & Front Side Head/Thorax Airbags |- |D |Range Rover Evoque HSE Dynamic 2-d convertible '18-'19 <br> [Pos. 6 is 5] |Awd |Class D (5,001-6,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags & Front Side Head/Thorax Airbags |- |K |Discovery Sport base model '20 |Awd |Class D (5,001-6,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |J |Discovery Sport S '20-25, Range Rover Evoque S '20-'25 |Awd |Class D (5,001-6,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |P |Discovery Sport SE '20-'23, Range Rover Evoque SE '20-'23 |Awd |Class D (5,001-6,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |9 |Discovery Sport HSE '20 |Awd |Class D (5,001-6,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |L |Range Rover Evoque First Edition '20 [Pos. 7 is F] |Awd |Class D (5,001-6,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |T |Discovery Sport R-Dynamic S '20-'23,<br> Range Rover Evoque R-Dynamic S '20-'23 |Awd |Class D (5,001-6,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |L |Discovery Sport R-Dynamic SE '20-'23,<br> Discovery Sport Dynamic SE '24-'25,<br> Range Rover Evoque R-Dynamic SE '21-'23,<br> Range Rover Evoque Dynamic SE '24-'25 [Pos. 7 is F] |Awd |Class D (5,001-6,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |L |Discovery Sport Landmark Edition '26 [Pos. 7 is F] |Awd |Class D (5,001-6,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |L |Range Rover Evoque R-Dynamic SE '20 [Pos. 7 is G] |Awd |Class D (5,001-6,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |M |Discovery Sport R-Dynamic HSE '20, Canada only: '21-'23,<br> Discovery Sport Dynamic HSE - Canada only: '24-'25,<br> Range Rover Evoque R-Dynamic HSE '20-'21,<br> Range Rover Evoque Dynamic HSE - Canada only: '24-'25 |Awd |Class D (5,001-6,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |W |Range Rover Evoque P250 Bronze Collection - <br> Canada only: '22-'23 [Pos. 7 is F] |Awd |Class D (5,001-6,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |W |Range Rover Evoque P300 HST '22-'23 [Pos. 7 is G] |Awd |Class D (5,001-6,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |A |Range Rover Velar base model '18-'19 [Pos. 8 is X] |Awd |Class D (5,001-6,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |B |Range Rover Velar S '18-'20 |Awd |Class D (5,001-6,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |J |Range Rover Velar S '21-'25 |Awd |Class D (5,001-6,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |C |Range Rover Velar SE - Canada only: '18 |Awd |Class D (5,001-6,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |L |Range Rover Velar R-Dynamic SE '18-'19 |Awd |Class D (5,001-6,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |A |Range Rover Velar R-Dynamic SE '19 (some early prod. w/340-hp engine) [Pos. 7 is F & Pos. 8 is V] |Awd |Class D (5,001-6,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |K |Range Rover Velar R-Dynamic S '20 |Awd |Class D (5,001-6,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |T |Range Rover Velar R-Dynamic S '21-'23 |Awd |Class D (5,001-6,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |L |Range Rover Velar Dynamic SE '24-'25 |Awd |Class D (5,001-6,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |M |Range Rover Velar R-Dynamic HSE '18-'22, First Edition '18 |Awd |Class D (5,001-6,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |V |Range Rover Velar HST '23 |Awd |Class D (5,001-6,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |M |Range Rover Velar Dynamic HSE '24-'25 |Awd |Class D (5,001-6,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |U |Range Rover Velar SVAutobiography Dynamic '20 |Awd |Class D (5,001-6,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |G |Discovery SE '18-'20, Range Rover Sport SE '18-'22 |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |U |Discovery Landmark Edition '20 |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |J |Discovery P300 S '21-'25 [Pos. 8 is X] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |J |Discovery P360 S - Canada only: '21-'23 [Pos. 8 is U] |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |T |Discovery P300 R-Dynamic S '21-'23 [Pos. 8 is X] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |T |Discovery P360 R-Dynamic S '21-'23 [Pos. 8 is U] |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |L |Discovery P300 Dynamic SE '24-'25 [Pos. 8 is X] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |L |Discovery P360 Dynamic SE '24-'25 [Pos. 8 is U] |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |M |Discovery P360 R-Dynamic HSE '21-'23,<br> P360 Dynamic HSE - Canada only: '24-'25 |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |W |Discovery P360 Metropolitan Edition '23-'25 |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |R |Discovery HSE '18-'20,<br> Range Rover Sport HSE '18 [Pos. 8 is V or K] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |R |Range Rover Sport HSE '19 [Pos. 8 is V or K or U] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |R |Range Rover Sport HSE '20, HSE Silver Edition '21 <br> [Pos. 8 is U or K] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |R |Range Rover Sport HSE Silver Edition '22 <br> [Pos. 8 is U] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |T |Discovery HSE Luxury '18-'20 |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |V |Range Rover Sport HSE Dynamic '18-'19 [Pos. 8 is V] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |S |Range Rover Sport HST Mid '19-'22 |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |R |Range Rover Sport P400e HSE '20,<br> P400e HSE Silver Edition '21-'22 [Pos. 8 is Y] |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |V |Range Rover Sport P400e Autobiography '20-'21 [Pos. 8 is Y] |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |R |Range Rover Sport Supercharged '18,<br> Supercharged Dynamic '18-'19, HSE Dynamic '20-'22 [Pos. 8 is E] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |V |Range Rover Sport Autobiography Dynamic '18,<br> Autobiography '19-'22 [Pos. 8 is E] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |Z |Range Rover Sport SVR '18-'22, SVR Carbon Edition '21-'22 |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |J |Range Rover Sport P360 S '25 |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |P |Range Rover Sport P360 SE '23-'25 |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |T |Range Rover Sport P400 Dynamic S - Canada only: '23 |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |L |Range Rover Sport Dynamic SE '23-'25 |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |M |Range Rover Sport P400 Dynamic HSE - Canada only: '24-'25 |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |1 |Range Rover Sport P440e Autobiography '23 |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |M |Range Rover Sport P440e HSE Dynamic - Canada only: '23 |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |1 |Range Rover Sport P550e Autobiography '24-'25, P530 Autobiography '25 |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |V |Range Rover Sport P530 First Edition '23 |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |Z |Range Rover Sport P635 SV Edition One w/Obsidian Black or <br> Flux Silver paint '24 |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |0 |Range Rover Sport P635 SV Edition One w/Carbon Bronze paint '24 |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |Z |Range Rover Sport P635 SV Edition Two '25 |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |R |Range Rover (L405) base model '18-'22 |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |S |Range Rover HSE '18-'19 [Pos. 8 is V or K] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |S |Range Rover HSE '20 [Pos. 8 is U or K] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |S |Range Rover HSE '21 [Pos. 8 is K] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |S |Range Rover (L405) HSE Westminster Edition '21-'22 <br> [Pos. 8 is U] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |S |Range Rover P400e HSE '20-'21 [Pos. 8 is Y] |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |V |Range Rover P400e Autobiography '20-'21 [Pos. 8 is Y] |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |S |Range Rover (L405) Supercharged SWB '18-'19,<br> P525 HSE SWB '20,<br> P525 HSE Westminster Edition SWB '21-'22 <br> [Pos. 6 is 2 & Pos. 8 is E] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |V |Range Rover (L405) Autobiography SWB '18-'22 [Pos. 6 is 2] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |U |Range Rover Autobiography Fifty Edition SWB '21 [Pos. 6 is 2] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |W |Range Rover (L405) SVAutobiography Dynamic '18-'22,<br> SVAutobiography Dynamic Black '21-'22 [Pos. 6 is 2] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |S |Range Rover (L405) Supercharged LWB '18-'19,<br> P525 HSE LWB '20,<br> P525 HSE Westminster Edition LWB '21-'22 <br> [Pos. 6 is 5 & Pos. 8 is E] |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |V |Range Rover (L405) Autobiography LWB '18-'22 [Pos. 6 is 5] |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |U |Range Rover Autobiography Fifty Edition LWB '21 [Pos. 6 is 5] |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |W |Range Rover (L405) SVAutobiography LWB '18-'22 [Pos. 6 is 5] |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |P |Range Rover (L460) SE '22-'25 |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |1 |Range Rover (L460) Autobiography '22-'25 |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |V |Range Rover (L460) P530 First Edition '22-'23 |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |U |Range Rover (L460) P530 SV '22-'23 |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |Z |Range Rover (L460) P615 SV '24-'25 |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |K |Defender 90 base model '21-'22 [Pos. 6 is 6] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |K |Defender 110 base model w/2 rows of seats '20-'23 [Pos. 6 is 7] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |K |Defender 110 base model w/3 rows of seats '20-'23 [Pos. 6 is E] |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |J |Defender 90 S '21-'25, Canada only: '26 [Pos. 6 is 6] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |J |Defender 110 S w/2 rows of seats '20-'26 [Pos. 6 is 7] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |J |Defender 110 S w/3 rows of seats '20-'26 [Pos. 6 is E] |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |J |Defender 130 S w/3 rows of seats '23-'26 [Pos. 6 is F] |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |Y |Defender 90 X-Dynamic S '21-'22 [Pos. 6 is 6] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |P |Defender 90 P400 SE '23 [Pos. 6 is 6] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |P |Defender 110 P400 SE w/2 rows of seats '20-'23 [Pos. 6 is 7] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |P |Defender 110 P500 SE w/2 rows of seats '24 [Pos. 6 is E] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |P |Defender 110 P400 SE w/3 rows of seats '20-'23 [Pos. 6 is E] |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |P |Defender 130 P400 SE w/3 rows of seats '23 [Pos. 6 is F] |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |2 |Defender 90 P400 X-Dynamic SE '22-'26,<br> Defender 90 X-Dynamic SE Sedona Red '26 [Pos. 6 is 6] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |2 |Defender 110 P400 X-Dynamic SE w/2 rows of seats '21-'26 <br> [Pos. 6 is 7] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |2 |Defender 110 P500 X-Dynamic SE w/2 rows of seats '25-'26 <br> [Pos. 6 is E & Pos. 8 is E] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |2 |Defender 110 P400 X-Dynamic SE w/3 rows of seats '21-'26 <br> [Pos. 6 is E & Pos. 8 is U] |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |2 |Defender 130 P400 X-Dynamic SE w/3 rows of seats '23-'26 <br> [Pos. 6 is F] |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |3 |Defender 90 X-Dynamic HSE '22 [Pos. 6 is 6] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |3 |Defender 110 X-Dynamic HSE w/2 rows of seats '21-'22 <br> [Pos. 6 is 7] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |3 |Defender 110 X-Dynamic HSE w/3 rows of seats '21-'22 <br> [Pos. 6 is E] |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |W |Defender 110 XS Edition w/2 rows of seats '22 <br> [Pos. 6 is 7 & Pos. 8 is U] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |W |Defender 110 XS Edition w/3 rows of seats '22 <br> [Pos. 6 is E & Pos. 8 is U] |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |W |Defender 90 75th Limited Edition '23 <br> [Pos. 6 is 6 & Pos. 8 is U] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |W |Defender 110 75th Limited Edition w/2 rows of seats '23 <br> [Pos. 6 is 7 & Pos. 8 is U] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |W |Defender 110 Sedona Red Edition w/2 rows of seats '25 <br> [Pos. 6 is 7 & Pos. 8 is U] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |W |Defender 110 Trophy Edition w/2 rows of seats '26 <br> [Pos. 6 is 7 & Pos. 8 is U] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |W |Defender 130 P400 Outbound w/2 rows of seats '24-'26 <br> [Pos. 6 is F & Pos. 8 is U] |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |V |Defender 90 First Edition '21 [Pos. 6 is 6] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |1 |Defender 110 First Edition w/2 rows of seats '20 [Pos. 6 is 7] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |1 |Defender 110 First Edition w/3 rows of seats '20 [Pos. 6 is E] |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |V |Defender 130 First Edition w/3 rows of seats '23 [Pos. 6 is F] |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |9 |Defender 110 HSE w/2 rows of seats '20 [Pos. 6 is 7] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |9 |Defender 110 HSE w/3 rows of seats '20 [Pos. 6 is E] |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |X |Defender 90 X '21-'23, Canada only: '24 [Pos. 6 is 6] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |X |Defender 110 X w/2 rows of seats '20-'26 [Pos. 6 is 7] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |X |Defender 110 X w/3 rows of seats '20-'26 [Pos. 6 is E] |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |X |Defender 130 X w/3 rows of seats '23-'26 [Pos. 6 is F] |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |B |Defender 90 P525 V8 '24 [Pos. 6 is 6] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |W |Defender 90 P525 V8 '22-'23, '25-'26,<br> P525 V8 Carpathian Edition '22-'24 [Pos. 6 is 6] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |B |Defender 110 P525 V8 w/2 rows of seats '24 <br> [Pos. 6 is E & Pos. 8 is E] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |W |Defender 110 P525 V8 w/2 rows of seats '22-'23, '25-'26,<br> P525 V8 Carpathian Edition w/2 rows of seats '22-'24,<br> P525 V8 Bond Edition w/2 rows of seats '22 <br> [Pos. 6 is E & Pos. 8 is E] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |B |Defender 130 P500 V8 w/3 rows of seats '24 <br> [Pos. 6 is F & Pos. 8 is E] |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |W |Defender 130 P500 V8 w/3 rows of seats '25-'26 <br> [Pos. 6 is F & Pos. 8 is E] |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |Z |Defender 110 P635 OCTA w/2 rows of seats '25-'26,<br> P635 OCTA Edition One w/2 rows of seats '25,<br> P635 OCTA Black w/2 rows of seats '26 <br> [Pos. 6 is E & Pos. 8 is 9] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |} ===Body Type=== {| class="wikitable" |+Position 6 !VIN code !Description |- |1 |4-door wagon (Range Rover '87-'12, Defender 110 '93, Discovery '94-'04) |- |1 |2-door soft top (Freelander SE3) ('03-'05) |- |1 |2-door wagon (Range Rover Evoque 2-d '12-'17) |- |2 |2-door soft top (Defender 90) ('94-'95, '97) |- |2 |4-door wagon (Freelander) ('02-'05) |- |2 |4-door wagon (LR2 '08-'15, Discovery Sport '15-'26, Range Rover Evoque 4-d '12-, LR3 '05-'09, LR4 '10-'16, Discovery '18-, Range Rover Sport '06-'22, Range Rover Sport P400e '20, Range Rover SWB (L405) '13-'22, Range Rover Velar '18-) |- |3 |2-door wagon (Defender 90) ('95, '97) |- |3 |4-door wagon LWB (Range Rover LWB '14-'16) |- |3 |4-door wagon LWB w/Class E GVWR (Range Rover SV Autobiography LWB '17) |- |4 |4-door wagon [[w:Plug-in hybrid|PHEV]] (Range Rover P400e '20-'21, Range Rover Sport P400e '21-Early '22) |- |5 |4-door wagon LWB w/Class F GVWR (Range Rover Supercharged LWB & Autobiography LWB '17) |- |5 |4-door wagon LWB w/Class F GVWR (Range Rover LWB (L405) '18-'22) |- |5 |2-door convertible (Range Rover Evoque convertible '17-'19) |- |6 |2-door wagon (Defender 90 '21-) |- |7 |4-door wagon w/2 rows of seating (Defender 110 P300/P400 '20-) |- |9 |4-door wagon (Range Rover SWB (L460) '22-, Range Rover Sport '23-) |- |B |4-door wagon (Discovery '17) |- |B |4-door wagon LWB (Range Rover LWB (L460) '22-) |- |E |4-door wagon w/3 rows of seating (Defender 110 P300/P400 w/opt. 3rd row '20-) |- |E |4-door wagon w/2 rows of seating (Defender 110 V8 models '22-) |- |F |4-door wagon w/extended length (Defender 130 '23-) |} SWB=Short-wheelbase, LWB=Long-wheelbase ===Engine Type (All Models 1987-2016 EXCEPT LR2, Discovery Sport, Range Rover Evoque)=== {| class="wikitable" |+Position 7 |- ! VIN !! Size !! Type !! Fuel !! Valvetrain !! Engine Family/Notes/Applications |- | 1 || 3.5L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||MPI. [[w:Rover V8 engine|(Ex-GM) Rover V8 engine]]. Land Rover Range Rover ('87-'88). |- | 1 || 4.4L || V8 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||Sequential MPI. Single VANOS (Intake VVT). BMW M62TUB44 engine. Land Rover Range Rover ('03-'05). |- | 2 || 3.9L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||MPI. (Ex-GM) Rover V8 engine.<br> Land Rover Range Rover SWB ('89-'94), Range Rover County Classic [SWB] ('95), Defender 110 ('93),<br> Defender 90 ('94-'95), Discovery ('94-'95). |- | 2 || 4.0L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||Sequential MPI. (3947 cc, actually 3.9L). (Ex-GM) Rover V8 engine. Land Rover Range Rover 4.0 SE ('95-'99),<br> Discovery ('96-'02), Defender 90 ('97). |- | 2 || 2.5L || 90° V6 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||Sequential MPI. VIS. [[w:Rover KV6 engine|Rover KV6 engine]]. Land Rover Freelander ('02-'05). |- | 3 || 4.2L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||MPI. (4275 cc, actually 4.3L). (Ex-GM) Rover V8 engine. Land Rover Range Rover County LWB ('93-'95). |- | 3 || 4.2L || V8 [[w:Supercharged|SC]] [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||Sequential MPI. Jaguar AJ33S engine. Land Rover Range Rover ('06-'09), Range Rover Sport ('06-'09). |- | 4 || 4.6L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||Sequential MPI. (Ex-GM) Rover V8 engine. Land Rover Range Rover 4.6 HSE ('96-'99), Discovery ('03). |- | 4 || 4.0L || 60° V6 || Gas ||SOHC,<br /> 12 valve||Sequential MPI. Variable intake manifold. Ford Cologne V6 engine.<br> Land Rover LR3 ('05-'07 & also '08-'09 in Canada). |- | 5 || 4.0L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||Sequential MPI. (3947 cc, actually 3.9L). (Ex-GM) Rover V8 engine. LEV.<br> Land Rover Range Rover 4.0 SE ('00), Discovery ('00-'02). |- | 5 || 4.4L || V8 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||Sequential MPI. Continuously VCP (Intake VVT). Jaguar AJ41 engine.<br> Land Rover LR3 ('05-'09), Range Rover ('06-'09), Range Rover Sport ('06-'09). |- | 6 || 4.6L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||Sequential MPI. (Ex-GM) Rover V8 engine. LEV ('00-'02) or ULEV ('03).<br> Land Rover Range Rover 4.6 HSE ('00-'02), 4.6 SE ('01), Discovery ('03). |- | 9 || 4.6L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||Sequential MPI. (Ex-GM) Rover V8 engine. Land Rover Discovery ('04). |- | D || 5.0L || V8 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||Direct injection. Dual Continuously VCT (VVT). CPS (Intake VVL). VIS. Jaguar AJ133 engine (LR-V8).<br> Land Rover LR4 ('10-'13), Range Rover ('10-'13), Range Rover Sport ('10-'13). |- | E || 5.0L || V8 [[w:Supercharged|SC]] [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||Direct injection. Dual Continuously VCT (VVT). Jaguar AJ133S engine (LR-V8S).<br> Land Rover Range Rover ('10-'16), Range Rover Sport ('10-'16). |- | K || 3.0L || 60° V6 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||Common-rail Direct injection. Ford-PSA "Lion" AJD-V6 engine.<br> Land Rover Range Rover Td6 ('16), Range Rover Sport Td6 ('16). |- | P || 3.0L || 90° V6 [[w:Supercharged|SC]] [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||Direct injection. Dual Continuously VCT (VVT). Jaguar AJ126 engine.<br> Land Rover Range Rover ('16), Range Rover Sport ('16). |- | T || 5.0L || V8 [[w:Supercharged|SC]] [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas/E85 ||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||Flex Fuel. Direct injection. Dual Continuously VCT (VVT). Jaguar AJ133S engine (LR-V8S).<br> Land Rover Range Rover ('14-'15), Range Rover Sport ('14-'15). |- | V || 3.0L || 90° V6 [[w:Supercharged|SC]] [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||Direct injection. Dual Continuously VCT (VVT). Jaguar AJ126 engine.<br> Land Rover LR4 ('14-'16), Range Rover ('14-'16), Range Rover Sport ('14-'16). |- | W || 3.0L || 90° V6 [[w:Supercharged|SC]] [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas/E85 ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||Flex Fuel. Direct injection. Dual Continuously VCT (VVT). Jaguar AJ126 engine.<br> Land Rover Range Rover ('14), Range Rover Sport ('14). |} VVT=Variable Valve Timing. VCP=Variable Camshaft Phasing. VCT=Variable Camshaft Timing. VIS=Variable Intake System. LEV=Low Emissions Vehicle. ULEV=Ultra-Low Emissions Vehicle. CPS=Cam Profile Switching. VVL=Variable Valve Lift. ===Transmission Type (LR2, Discovery Sport, Range Rover Evoque only 2008-2016)=== {| class="wikitable" |+Position 7 !VIN code !Description |- |4 |6-speed automatic (Aisin AWF21) (LR2 '08-'09) |- |B |6-speed automatic (Aisin AWF21) (LR2 '10-'15, Range Rover Evoque '12-'13) |- |B |9-speed automatic (ZF 9HP) (Discovery Sport '15-'16, Range Rover Evoque '14-'16) |} ===Transmission Type (All models 2017)=== {| class="wikitable" |+Position 7 !VIN code !Description |- |B |8-speed automatic (ZF 8HP) (Discovery '17) |- |B |9-speed automatic (ZF 9HP) (Discovery Sport '17, Range Rover Evoque '17) |- |F |8-speed automatic (ZF 8HP) (Range Rover '17, Range Rover Sport '17) |} ===Transmission Type (All Models 1987-2016 EXCEPT LR2, Discovery Sport, Range Rover Evoque)=== {| class="wikitable" |+Position 8 !VIN code !Description |- |2 |5-speed automatic [manual shift mode: Steptronic or CommandShift] (Jatco JF506E) (Freelander '02-'05) |- |4 |4-speed automatic (ZF 4HP22 or w/4.6L V8: 4HP24) (Range Rover '87-'02, Discovery '94-'04, Defender 90 '97) |- |4 |5-speed automatic (ZF 5HP24) (Range Rover '03-'05) |- |4 |6-speed automatic (ZF 6HP26X) (LR3 '05-'09, Range Rover '06-'09, Range Rover Sport '06-'09) |- |4 |6-speed automatic (ZF 6HP28X) (LR4 '10-'13, Range Rover '10-'12, Range Rover Sport '10-'13) |- |6 |8-speed automatic (ZF 8HP) (LR4 '14-'16) |- |8 |5-speed manual (Defender 110 '93, Defender 90 '94-'95, Discovery '94-'97) |- |F |8-speed automatic (ZF 8HP) (Range Rover '13-'16, Range Rover Sport '14-'16) |} All are LHD (Left-hand drive). ===Engine Type (LR2, Discovery Sport, Range Rover Evoque only 2008-2016)=== {| class="wikitable" |+Position 8 |- ! VIN !! Size !! Type !! Fuel !! Valvetrain !! Engine Family/Notes/Applications |- | G || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Direct Injection. Dual VVT. Ford EcoBoost engine (Mazda L engine-based).<br> Land Rover LR2 ('13-'15), Discovery Sport ('15-'16), Range Rover Evoque ('12-'16). |- | N || 3.2L || I6 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||MPI. VCT (Intake VVT). CPS (Intake VVL). VIS. [[w:Volvo SI6 engine#B6324S5|Volvo SI6 engine - B6324S5]]. Land Rover LR2 ('08-'12). |- |} VCT=Variable Cam Timing. VVT=Variable Valve Timing. CPS=Cam Profile Switching. VVL=Variable Valve Lift. VIS=Variable Intake System. ===Engine Type (All models 2017 only)=== {| class="wikitable" |+Position 8 |- ! VIN !! Size !! Type !! Fuel !! Valvetrain !! Engine Family/Notes/Applications |- | E || 5.0L || V8 [[w:Supercharged|SC]] [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||Direct injection. Dual Continuously VCT (VVT). Jaguar AJ133S engine (LR-V8S).<br> Land Rover Range Rover ('17), Range Rover Sport ('17). |- | G || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Direct Injection. Dual VVT. Ford EcoBoost engine (Mazda L engine-based).<br> Land Rover Discovery Sport ('17), Range Rover Evoque ('17). |- | K || 3.0L || 60° V6 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||Common-rail Direct injection. Ford-PSA "Lion" AJD-V6 engine.<br> Land Rover Discovery Td6 ('17), Range Rover Td6 ('17), Range Rover Sport Td6 ('17). |- | V || 3.0L || 90° V6 [[w:Supercharged|SC]] [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||Direct injection. Dual Continuously VCT (VVT). Jaguar AJ126 engine.<br> Land Rover Discovery ('17), Range Rover ('17), Range Rover Sport ('17). |} ==Engine 2018-== ===Engine Variant (All models 2018-)=== {| class="wikitable" |+Position 7 |- ! VIN !! Power Level/Engine !! Transmission !! Model |- |R (followed by X) |237 hp 2.0L Ingenium turbo I4 |9-speed auto. |Discovery Sport ('18), Range Rover Evoque ('18-'19) |- |S (followed by X) |286 hp 2.0L Ingenium turbo I4 |9-speed auto. |Discovery Sport ('18), Range Rover Evoque ('18-'19) |- |F (followed by X) |237 hp 2.0L Ingenium turbo I4 |9-speed auto. |Discovery Sport ('19) |- |G (followed by X) |286 hp 2.0L Ingenium turbo I4 |9-speed auto. |Discovery Sport ('19), Discovery Sport P290 ('20) |- |F (followed by X) |246 hp 2.0L Ingenium turbo I4 |9-speed auto. |Discovery Sport P250 ('20-'26), Range Rover Evoque S/SE/1st Edition ('20),<br> Range Rover Evoque P250 ('21-'26) |- |G (followed by X) |296 hp 2.0L Ingenium turbo I4 |9-speed auto. |Range Rover Evoque R-Dynamic S/SE/HSE ('20),<br> Range Rover Evoque P300 HST ('22-'23) |- |R (followed by X) |247 hp 2.0L Ingenium turbo I4 |8-speed auto. |Range Rover Velar ('18) |- |E (followed by X) |247 hp 2.0L Ingenium turbo I4 |8-speed auto. |Range Rover Velar P250 ('19-'26) |- |F (followed by X) |296 hp 2.0L Ingenium turbo I4 |8-speed auto. |Range Rover Velar P300 (Canada only: '19-'20) |- |R (followed by N) |180 hp 2.0L Ingenium turbodiesel I4 |8-speed auto. |Range Rover Velar ('18) |- |E (followed by N) |180 hp 2.0L Ingenium turbodiesel I4 |8-speed auto. |Range Rover Velar D180 ('19) |- |R (followed by V) |380 hp 3.0L AJ126 supercharged V6 |8-speed auto. |Range Rover Velar ('18) |- |F (followed by V) |340 hp 3.0L AJ126 supercharged V6 |8-speed auto. |Range Rover Velar P340 ('19-'20) |- |E (followed by V) |380 hp 3.0L AJ126 supercharged V6 |8-speed auto. |Range Rover Velar P380 ('19-'20) |- |E (followed by U) |335 hp 3.0L Ingenium <br> turbo & E-supercharged I6 |8-speed auto. |Range Rover Velar P340 ('21-'23, Canada only: '24-'26) |- |F (followed by U) |395 hp 3.0L Ingenium <br> turbo & E-supercharged I6 |8-speed auto. |Range Rover Velar P400 R-Dynamic HSE ('21-'22), <br> Range Rover Velar P400 HST ('23), <br> Range Rover Velar P400 Dynamic SE/HSE ('24-'25), <br> Range Rover Velar P400 Dynamic SE/Autobiography/Belgravia Ed. ('26) |- |E (followed by E) |550 hp 5.0L AJ133 supercharged V8 |8-speed auto. |Range Rover Velar SVAutobiography Dynamic ('20) |- |R (followed by V) |340 hp 3.0L AJ126 supercharged V6 |8-speed auto. |Discovery ('18-'20), Range Rover Sport SE/HSE ('18-'19), Range Rover ('18-'19) |- |R (followed by K) |254 hp 3.0L "Lion" AJD-V6 turbodiesel V6 |8-speed auto. |Discovery Td6 ('18-'20), Range Rover Sport Td6 ('18-'21), Range Rover Td6 ('18-'21) |- |R (followed by X) |296 hp 2.0L Ingenium turbo I4 |8-speed auto. |Discovery P300 ('21) |- |R (followed by U) |355 hp 3.0L Ingenium <br> turbo & E-supercharged I6 |8-speed auto. |Discovery P360 ('21) |- |E (followed by X) |296 hp 2.0L Ingenium turbo I4 |8-speed auto. |Discovery P300 ('22-'24) |- |F (followed by X) |296 hp 2.0L Ingenium turbo I4 |8-speed auto. |Discovery P300 ('25-'26) |- |E (followed by U) |355 hp 3.0L Ingenium <br> turbo & E-supercharged I6 |8-speed auto. |Discovery P360 ('22-'26) |- |S (followed by V) |380 hp 3.0L AJ126 supercharged V6 |8-speed auto. |Range Rover Sport HSE Dynamic ('18-'19), Range Rover HSE ('18-'19) |- |R (followed by U) |355 hp 3.0L Ingenium <br> turbo & E-supercharged I6 |8-speed auto. |Range Rover Sport SE/HSE (Mid '19) |- |S (followed by U) |395 hp 3.0L Ingenium <br> turbo & E-supercharged I6 |8-speed auto. |Range Rover Sport HST (Mid '19) |- |S (followed by U) |355 hp 3.0L Ingenium <br> turbo & E-supercharged I6 |8-speed auto. |Range Rover Sport P360 SE/HSE ('20),<br> Range Rover Sport P360 SE/HSE Silver ('21-'22), Range Rover (L405) P360 ('20-'22) |- |R (followed by U) |395 hp 3.0L Ingenium <br> turbo & E-supercharged I6 |8-speed auto. |Range Rover Sport P400 HST ('20-'22), Range Rover P400 HSE ('20),<br> Range Rover (L405) P400 HSE Westminster ('21-'22) |- |R (followed by Y) |398 hp 2.0L Ingenium turbo I4 + 1 motor <br> Gas-Electric [[w:Plug-in hybrid|PHEV]] |8-speed auto. |Range Rover Sport P400e ('20-'22), Range Rover P400e ('20-'21) |- |R (followed by E) |518 hp 5.0L AJ133 supercharged V8 |8-speed auto. |Range Rover Sport ('18-'19), Range Rover ('18-'19) |- |S (followed by E) |575 hp 5.0L AJ133 supercharged V8 |8-speed auto. |Range Rover Sport SVR ('18-'19) |- |S (followed by E) |557 hp 5.0L AJ133 supercharged V8 |8-speed auto. |Range Rover SVAutobiography Dynamic, SVAutobiography LWB ('18-'19) |- |S (followed by E) |518 hp 5.0L AJ133 supercharged V8 |8-speed auto. |Range Rover Sport P525 ('20-'22), Range Rover (L405) P525 ('20-'22) |- |R (followed by E) |575 hp 5.0L AJ133 supercharged V8 |8-speed auto. |Range Rover Sport SVR ('20-'22) |- |R (followed by E) |557 hp 5.0L AJ133 supercharged V8 |8-speed auto. |Range Rover (L405) SVAutobiography Dynamic, SVAutobiography LWB ('20-'22) |- |E (followed by U) |355 hp 3.0L Ingenium <br> turbo & E-supercharged I6 |8-speed auto. |Range Rover Sport P360 ('23-'26) |- |F (followed by U) |395 hp 3.0L Ingenium <br> turbo & E-supercharged I6 |8-speed auto. |Range Rover Sport P400 ('23-'26), <br> Range Rover (L460) P400 SE ('22-'26) |- |E (followed by 4) |434 hp 3.0L Ingenium <br> turbo & E-supercharged I6 + 1 motor <br> Gas-Electric [[w:Plug-in hybrid|PHEV]] |8-speed auto. |Range Rover Sport P440e ('23) |- |F (followed by 4) |434 hp 3.0L Ingenium <br> turbo & E-supercharged I6 + 1 motor <br> Gas-Electric [[w:Plug-in hybrid|PHEV]] |8-speed auto. |Range Rover P440e ('23) |- |E (followed by 4) |454 hp 3.0L Ingenium <br> turbo & E-supercharged I6 + 1 motor <br> Gas-Electric [[w:Plug-in hybrid|PHEV]] |8-speed auto. |Range Rover Sport P460e ('25-'26) |- |F (followed by 4) |542 hp 3.0L Ingenium <br> turbo & E-supercharged I6 + 1 motor <br> Gas-Electric [[w:Plug-in hybrid|PHEV]] |8-speed auto. |Range Rover Sport P550e ('24-'26), Range Rover P550e ('24-'26) |- |E (followed by 7) |523 hp 4.4L BMW N63 (JLR NC10)<br> twin-turbo V8 |8-speed auto. |Range Rover Sport P530 ('23), <br> Range Rover (L460) P530 ('22-'23) |- |F (followed by 9) |626 hp 4.4L BMW S68 (JLR NC11)<br> twin-turbo V8 |8-speed auto. |Range Rover Sport P635 SV Edition One ('24),<br> Range Rover Sport P635 SV Edition Two ('25), Range Rover Sport P635 SV ('26) |- |E (followed by 9) |523 hp 4.4L BMW S68 (JLR NC11)<br> twin-turbo V8 |8-speed auto. |Range Rover (L460) P530 ('24-'26), Range Rover Sport P530 ('25-'26) |- |F (followed by 9) |606 hp 4.4L BMW S68 (JLR NC11)<br> twin-turbo V8 |8-speed auto. |Range Rover (L460) P615 SV ('24-'26) |- |E (followed by X) |296 hp 2.0L Ingenium turbo I4 |8-speed auto. |Defender 110 P300 ('20) |- |E (followed by U) |395 hp 3.0L Ingenium <br> turbo & E-supercharged I6 |8-speed auto. |Defender 110 P400 ('20) |- |R (followed by X) |296 hp 2.0L Ingenium turbo I4 |8-speed auto. |Defender 90 P300 ('21-'22), Defender 110 P300 ('21-'22) |- |R (followed by U) |395 hp 3.0L Ingenium <br> turbo & E-supercharged I6 |8-speed auto. |Defender 90 P400 ('21-'22), Defender 110 P400 ('21-'22) |- |R (followed by E) |518 hp 5.0L AJ133 supercharged V8 |8-speed auto. |Defender 90 P525 ('22), Defender 110 P525 ('22) |- |E (followed by X) |296 hp 2.0L Ingenium turbo I4 |8-speed auto. |Defender 90 P300 ('23-'25, Canada only: '26), Defender 110 P300 ('23-'26) |- |E (followed by U) |296 hp 3.0L Ingenium <br> turbo & E-supercharged I6 |8-speed auto. |Defender 130 P300 S ('23) [Pos. 5 is J] |- |F (followed by U) |296 hp 3.0L Ingenium <br> turbo & E-supercharged I6 |8-speed auto. |Defender 130 P300 S ('24-'26) |- |E (followed by U) |395 hp 3.0L Ingenium <br> turbo & E-supercharged I6 |8-speed auto. |Defender 90 P400 ('23-'26), Defender 110 P400 ('23-'26), Defender 130 P400 ('23-'26) |- |F (followed by E) |493 hp 5.0L AJ133 supercharged V8 |8-speed auto. |Defender 110 P500 ('24-'26), Defender 130 P500 ('24-'26) |- |E (followed by E) |518 hp 5.0L AJ133 supercharged V8 |8-speed auto. |Defender 90 P525 ('23-'26), Defender 110 P525 ('23-'26) |- |E (followed by 9) |626 hp 4.4L BMW S68 (JLR NC11)<br> twin-turbo V8 |8-speed auto. |Defender 110 P635 OCTA ('25-'26) |} ===Engine Type (All models 2018-)=== {| class="wikitable" |+Position 8 |- ! VIN !! Size !! Type !! Fuel !! Valvetrain !! Engine Family/Notes/Applications |- | E || 5.0L || V8 [[w:Supercharged|SC]] [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||Direct injection. Dual Continuously VCT (VVT). Jaguar AJ133S engine (LR-V8S).<br> Land Rover Range Rover ('18-'22), Range Rover Sport ('18-'22),<br> Range Rover Velar SVAutobiography Dynamic ('20), Defender V8 ('22-'26). |- | K || 3.0L || 60° V6 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||Common-rail Direct injection. Ford-PSA "Lion" AJD-V6 engine.<br> Land Rover Discovery Td6 ('18-'20), Range Rover Td6 ('18-'21), Range Rover Sport Td6 ('18-'21). |- | N || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Common-rail Direct Injection. Exhaust VVT. JLR Ingenium AJ20D engine.<br> Land Rover Range Rover Velar ('18-'19) |- | U || 3.0L || I6 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||48v Mild Hybrid. E-supercharger. Direct Injection. Dual VVT. CVVL (Intake VVL).<br> JLR Ingenium AJ20P6/AJ300P engine.<br> Land Rover Discovery ('21-), Range Rover ('20-), Range Rover Sport (Mid '19-), Range Rover Velar ('21-), Defender ('20-). |- | V || 3.0L || 90° V6 [[w:Supercharged|SC]] [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||Direct injection. Dual Continuously VCT (VVT). Jaguar AJ126 engine. Land Rover Discovery ('18-'20),<br> Range Rover ('18-'19), Range Rover Sport ('18-Mid '19), Range Rover Velar ('18-'20). |- | X || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Direct Injection. Dual VVT. CVVL (Intake VVL). JLR Ingenium AJ20P4/AJ200P engine.<br> Land Rover Discovery Sport ('18-'26), Range Rover Evoque ('18-), Range Rover Velar ('18-), Defender ('20-'26), Discovery ('21-). |- | Y || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas-Electric [[w:Plug-in hybrid|PHEV]] || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Direct Injection. Dual VVT. CVVL (Intake VVL). JLR Ingenium AJ20P4/AJ200P engine + 1 Front motor.<br> 12.4 kWh Lithium-ion Battery Pack.<br> Land Rover Range Rover P400e ('20-'21), Range Rover Sport P400e ('20-Early '22). |- | 4 || 3.0L || I6 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas-Electric [[w:Plug-in hybrid|PHEV]] || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||E-supercharger. Direct Injection. Dual VVT. CVVL (Intake VVL).<br> JLR Ingenium AJ20P6/AJ300P engine + 1 Front motor. 31.8 kWh Lithium-ion Battery Pack.<br> Land Rover Range Rover P440e ('23), P550e ('24-); Range Rover Sport P440e ('23), P460e ('25-), P550e ('24-). |- | 7 || 4.4L || V8 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||Direct Injection. Dual VVT (Double VANOS). Valvetronic (Intake VVL). BMW N63B44T3 [N63TU3] engine [JLR NC10-P8H]. Land Rover Range Rover [L460] ('22-'23), Range Rover Sport ('23). |- | 9 || 4.4L || V8 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||48v Mild Hybrid. Direct Injection. Dual VVT (Double VANOS). Valvetronic (Intake VVL). BMW S68B44TO [S68B44A] engine [JLR NC11-P8S]. Land Rover Range Rover [L460] ('24-), Range Rover Sport ('24-),<br> Defender Octa ('25-). |- |} CVVL=Continuously Variable Valve Lift. ==Check Digit/Gearbox (Position 9)== * USA /Canada [[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Check digit|Check digit]] ==Model Year Code (Position 10)== ''See: [[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Model year]]'' ==Plant Codes (Position 11)== * A - Solihull, West Midlands, England, UK * H - Halewood, Merseyside, England, UK * 2 - Nitra, Slovakia ==External links== * [http://www.clifton.nl/calvin.html CalVIN, the on-line free Land Rover VIN CALculator] * [http://www.fourfold.org/LR_FAQ Land Rover FAQ archive] * [http://www.vindecoderz.com/EN/Land%20Rover Land Rover VIN decoder] {{BookCat}} i5jxsaw31brz7b9g46okoqmj8jrmt7s 4679403 4679402 2026-11-01T03:39:00Z JustTheFacts33 3434282 /* Trim Level/Drive Wheels/GVWR/Restraint System (Position 5) */ 4679403 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Warning}}{{clear}} From 1948 to the early eighties, Land Rover used for their cars chassis numbers of their own format. These formats are described in the table below. Since 1980 Land Rover deploys the standard 17-character Vehicle Identification Number ('''VIN'''), complying with international standards. Car details can be derived (decoded, calculated) from the chassis numbers and the VIN. Typically, the model (Defender, Discovery, Range Rover, Freelander), model type (station wagon, three/four door, etc), wheelbase (90 inch, 100 inch, 110 inch, etc.), engine, LHD/RHD, gearbox, and model year is included in the VIN. ===Chassis number formats over the years=== <table> <tr><th>Description</th><th>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</th><th>Format</th></tr> <tr><td>17-characters, International VIN, 1980-later</td><td></td><td>SAL..............</td></tr> <tr><td>17-characters, Int. VIN for LR do Brazil </td><td></td><td>93R..............</td></tr> <tr><td>17-characters, Int. VIN for AAD, 1985-1995 </td><td></td><td>AAD..............</td></tr> <tr><td>17-characters, US/Canada VIN, 1987-later </td><td></td><td>SAL.................</td></tr> <tr><td>17-characters, Brazil VIN for JLR Brazil, 2016-later </td><td></td><td>99J.................</td></tr> <tr></tr> <tr><td>14-characters: is actually the 17-char</td></tr> <tr><td>VIN missing the SAL bit</td></tr> <tr><td> <tr><td>9-character numbers, 1955 </td><td></td><td>17.6.....</td></tr> <tr><td>9-character numbers, 1956 to 1961 </td><td></td><td>1........</td></tr> <tr><td>9-character numbers, 1950 </td><td></td><td>L........ or R........</td></tr> <tr><td>9-character numbers, 1962 to 1979 </td><td></td><td>.........</td></tr> <tr></tr> <tr><td>8-character numbers, 1948 to 1949 </td><td></td><td>.8......</td></tr> <tr><td>8-character numbers, 1950 to 1953 </td><td></td><td>.6......</td></tr> <tr><td>8-character numbers, 1954 to 1955 </td><td></td><td>.7......</td></tr> <tr></tr> <tr><td>7-character numbers, 1948 to 1949 </td><td></td><td>.......</td></tr> <tr><td>6-character numbers, ???? prototypes </td><td></td><td>110F..</td></tr> <tr><td>3-character numbers, 1948 prototypes </td><td></td><td>R.. or L..</td></tr> </table> ===Land Rover WMIs (1981-) (Position 1-3)=== * SAL - Land Rover (UK & Europe) * 99J - JLR Brazil * L2C - Chery Jaguar Land Rover (China) ===Model Line=== {| class="wikitable" |+Position 4 !VIN code !Description |- |A |[[w:Land Rover Discovery#Discovery 3 / LR3 (2004–2009)|Land Rover LR3]] ('05-'09) |- |A |[[w:Land Rover Discovery#Discovery 4 / LR4 (2009–2016)|Land Rover LR4]] ('10-'16) |- |C |[[w:Land Rover Discovery Sport|Land Rover Discovery Sport]] ('15-'26) |- |D |[[w:Land Rover Defender#North American Specification (NAS) Defenders|Land Rover Defender]] ('93-'95, '97) |- |E |[[w:Land Rover Defender (L663)|Land Rover Defender (L663)]] ('20-) |- |F |[[w:Land Rover Freelander#Freelander 2 (L359; 2006–2015)|Land Rover LR2]] ('08-'15) |- |G |[[w:Range Rover (L405)|Land Rover Range Rover (L405)]] (4th gen.) ('13-'22) |- |H |[[w:Range Rover Classic|Land Rover Range Rover/Range Rover Classic]] (1st gen.) ('87-'95) |- |J |[[w:Land Rover Discovery#First & Second generation Discovery|Land Rover Discovery]] ('94-'98 & '99 Discovery SD) |- |K |[[w:Range Rover (L460)|Land Rover Range Rover (L460)]] (5th gen.) (Mid '22-) |- |M |[[w:Range Rover (L322)|Land Rover Range Rover (L322)]] (3rd gen.) ('03-'12) |- |N |[[w:Land Rover Freelander#Freelander in North America|Land Rover Freelander]] ('02-'05) |- |P |[[w:Range Rover (P38A)|Land Rover Range Rover (P38A)]] (2nd gen.) ('95-'02) |- |R |[[w:Land Rover Discovery#Fifth generation Discovery (L462; 2017–present)|Land Rover Discovery]] ('17-) |- |S |[[w:Range Rover Sport#First generation (L320; 2005)|Land Rover Range Rover Sport]] (1st gen.) ('06-'13) |- |T |[[w:Land Rover Discovery#Discovery Series II (L318; 1998–2004)|Land Rover Discovery Series II]] ('99-'04) |- |V |[[w:Range Rover Evoque#First generation (L538; 2011)|Land Rover Range Rover Evoque]] (1st gen.) ('12-'19) |- |W |[[w:Range Rover Sport#Second generation (L494; 2013)|Land Rover Range Rover Sport]] (2nd gen.) ('14-'22) |- |Y |[[w:Range Rover Velar|Land Rover Range Rover Velar]] (1st gen.) ('18-) |- |Z |[[w:Range Rover Evoque#Second generation (L551; 2018)|Land Rover Range Rover Evoque]] (2nd gen.) ('20-) |- |1 |[[w:Range Rover Sport#Third generation (L461; 2022)|Land Rover Range Rover Sport]] (3rd gen.) ('23-) |- |} ===Model Series/GVWR=== {| class="wikitable" |+Position 5 !VIN code !Series !GVWR |- |V (following H) |Range Rover 100" wheelbase (1st gen.) |Class E |- |E (following H) |Range Rover 100" wheelbase (CA emissions) (1st gen.) ('95) |Class E |- |C (following H) |Range Rover LWB 108" wheelbase (1st gen.) |Class E |- |F (following H) |Range Rover LWB 108" wheelbase (CA emissions) (1st gen.) ('95) |Class E |- |H (following D) |Defender 110 ('93) |Class E |- |V (following D) |Defender 90 ('94-'95, '97) |Class E |- |X (following D) |Defender 90 (CA emissions) ('95) |Class E |- |Y (following J) |Discovery ('94-'98 & '99 Discovery SD) |Class E |- |N (following J) |Discovery (CA emissions) ('95-'96) |Class E |- |Y (following T) |Discovery Series II ('99-'00) |Class E |- |V (following P) |Range Rover (2nd gen.) ('95-'98) |Class E |- |E (following P) |Range Rover (2nd gen.) (CA emissions) ('95-'96) |Class E |- |A (following P) |Range Rover (2nd gen.) (GEMS engine management) (Early '99) |Class E |- |V (following P) |Range Rover (2nd gen.) (Bosch engine management) ('99-'00) |Class E |- |C (following P) |Range Rover 4.6 HSE Callaway Edition (2nd gen.) (Callaway-modified engine) ('99) |Class E |- |} ===Model Series/Trim Level/GVWR=== {| class="wikitable" |+Position 5 !VIN code !Series !GVWR |- |M (following N) |Freelander S ('02-'03) |Class C |- |Y (following N) |Freelander SE ('02-'05), SE3 ('03-'05) |Class C |- |E (following N) |Freelander HSE ('02-'04) |Class C |- |L (following T) |Discovery Series II SD ('01-'02), S ('03-'04) |Class E |- |K (following T) |Discovery Series II SD7 ('01-'02), S7 ('03-'04) |Class E |- |Y (following T) |Discovery Series II SE ('01-'04) |Class E |- |W (following T) |Discovery Series II SE7 ('01-'04) |Class E |- |H (following T) |Discovery Series II LE ('01) |Class E |- |J (following T) |Discovery Series II LE7 ('01) |Class E |- |P (following T) |Discovery Series II HSE ('03-'04) |Class E |- |R (following T) |Discovery Series II HSE7 ('03-'04) |Class E |- |L (following P) |Range Rover (2nd gen.) 4.6 SE ('01) |Class E |- |M (following P) |Range Rover (2nd gen.) 4.6 HSE ('01-'02), Westminster Edition ('02) |Class E |- |H (following M) |Range Rover (3rd gen.) Westminster Edition ('04-'05) |Class E |- |} ===Trim Level/Drive Wheels/GVWR/Restraint System (Position 5)=== {| class="wikitable" |+Position 5 !VIN code !Trim Level !Drive Wheels !GVWR !Restraint System |- |P |Discovery Sport SE '18-'19,<br> Range Rover Evoque SE, SE Premium '18-'19 |Awd |Class D (5,001-6,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |C |Range Rover Evoque Landmark Edition 4-d '18-'19 [Pos. 6 is 2] |Awd |Class D (5,001-6,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |R |Discovery Sport HSE '18, Range Rover Evoque HSE '18-'19 |Awd |Class D (5,001-6,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |R |Discovery Sport HSE '19, Landmark Edition '19 [Pos. 7 is F] |Awd |Class D (5,001-6,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |R |Discovery Sport HSE Dynamic '19 [Pos. 7 is G] |Awd |Class D (5,001-6,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |T |Discovery Sport HSE Lux '18 |Awd |Class D (5,001-6,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |T |Discovery Sport HSE Luxury '19 [Pos. 7 is F] |Awd |Class D (5,001-6,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |T |Discovery Sport HSE Luxury Dynamic '19 [Pos. 7 is G] |Awd |Class D (5,001-6,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |D |Range Rover Evoque HSE Dynamic '18-'19 [Pos. 6 is 2] |Awd |Class D (5,001-6,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |E |Range Rover Evoque Autobiography '18-'19 |Awd |Class D (5,001-6,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |C |Range Rover Evoque SE Dynamic 2-d convertible '18-'19 <br> [Pos. 6 is 5] |Awd |Class D (5,001-6,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags & Front Side Head/Thorax Airbags |- |D |Range Rover Evoque HSE Dynamic 2-d convertible '18-'19 <br> [Pos. 6 is 5] |Awd |Class D (5,001-6,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags & Front Side Head/Thorax Airbags |- |K |Discovery Sport base model '20 |Awd |Class D (5,001-6,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |J |Discovery Sport S '20-25, Range Rover Evoque S '20-'25 |Awd |Class D (5,001-6,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |P |Discovery Sport SE '20-'23, Range Rover Evoque SE '20-'23 |Awd |Class D (5,001-6,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |9 |Discovery Sport HSE '20 |Awd |Class D (5,001-6,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |L |Range Rover Evoque First Edition '20 [Pos. 7 is F] |Awd |Class D (5,001-6,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |T |Discovery Sport R-Dynamic S '20-'23,<br> Range Rover Evoque R-Dynamic S '20-'23 |Awd |Class D (5,001-6,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |L |Discovery Sport R-Dynamic SE '20-'23,<br> Discovery Sport Dynamic SE '24-'25,<br> Range Rover Evoque R-Dynamic SE '21-'23,<br> Range Rover Evoque Dynamic SE '24-'25 [Pos. 7 is F] |Awd |Class D (5,001-6,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |L |Discovery Sport Landmark Edition '26 [Pos. 7 is F] |Awd |Class D (5,001-6,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |L |Range Rover Evoque R-Dynamic SE '20 [Pos. 7 is G] |Awd |Class D (5,001-6,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |M |Discovery Sport R-Dynamic HSE '20, Canada only: '21-'23,<br> Discovery Sport Dynamic HSE - Canada only: '24-'25,<br> Range Rover Evoque R-Dynamic HSE '20-'21,<br> Range Rover Evoque Dynamic HSE - Canada only: '24-'25 |Awd |Class D (5,001-6,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |W |Range Rover Evoque P250 Bronze Collection - <br> Canada only: '22-'23 [Pos. 7 is F] |Awd |Class D (5,001-6,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |W |Range Rover Evoque P300 HST '22-'23 [Pos. 7 is G] |Awd |Class D (5,001-6,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |A |Range Rover Velar base model '18-'19 [Pos. 8 is X] |Awd |Class D (5,001-6,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |B |Range Rover Velar S '18-'20 |Awd |Class D (5,001-6,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |J |Range Rover Velar S '21-'25 |Awd |Class D (5,001-6,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |C |Range Rover Velar SE - Canada only: '18 |Awd |Class D (5,001-6,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |L |Range Rover Velar R-Dynamic SE '18-'19 |Awd |Class D (5,001-6,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |A |Range Rover Velar R-Dynamic SE '19 (some early prod. w/340-hp engine) [Pos. 7 is F & Pos. 8 is V] |Awd |Class D (5,001-6,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |K |Range Rover Velar R-Dynamic S '20 |Awd |Class D (5,001-6,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |T |Range Rover Velar R-Dynamic S '21-'23 |Awd |Class D (5,001-6,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |L |Range Rover Velar Dynamic SE '24-'25 |Awd |Class D (5,001-6,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |M |Range Rover Velar R-Dynamic HSE '18-'22, First Edition '18 |Awd |Class D (5,001-6,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |V |Range Rover Velar HST '23 |Awd |Class D (5,001-6,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |M |Range Rover Velar Dynamic HSE '24-'25 |Awd |Class D (5,001-6,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |U |Range Rover Velar SVAutobiography Dynamic '20 |Awd |Class D (5,001-6,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |G |Discovery SE '18-'20, Range Rover Sport SE '18-'22 |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |U |Discovery Landmark Edition '20 |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |J |Discovery P300 S '21-'26 [Pos. 8 is X] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |J |Discovery P360 S - Canada only: '21-'23 [Pos. 8 is U] |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |T |Discovery P300 R-Dynamic S '21-'23 [Pos. 8 is X] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |T |Discovery P360 R-Dynamic S '21-'23 [Pos. 8 is U] |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |L |Discovery P300 Dynamic SE '24-'26 [Pos. 8 is X] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |L |Discovery P360 Dynamic SE '24-'25, Canada only: '26 <br> [Pos. 8 is U] |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |M |Discovery P360 R-Dynamic HSE '21-'23,<br> P360 Dynamic HSE - Canada only: '24-'25 |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |W |Discovery P360 Metropolitan Edition '23-'25 |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |W |Discovery P360 Gemini Edition '26,<br> Discovery P360 Tempest Edition '26 |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |R |Discovery HSE '18-'20,<br> Range Rover Sport HSE '18 [Pos. 8 is V or K] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |R |Range Rover Sport HSE '19 [Pos. 8 is V or K or U] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |R |Range Rover Sport HSE '20, HSE Silver Edition '21 <br> [Pos. 8 is U or K] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |R |Range Rover Sport HSE Silver Edition '22 <br> [Pos. 8 is U] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |T |Discovery HSE Luxury '18-'20 |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |V |Range Rover Sport HSE Dynamic '18-'19 [Pos. 8 is V] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |S |Range Rover Sport HST Mid '19-'22 |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |R |Range Rover Sport P400e HSE '20,<br> P400e HSE Silver Edition '21-'22 [Pos. 8 is Y] |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |V |Range Rover Sport P400e Autobiography '20-'21 [Pos. 8 is Y] |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |R |Range Rover Sport Supercharged '18,<br> Supercharged Dynamic '18-'19, HSE Dynamic '20-'22 [Pos. 8 is E] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |V |Range Rover Sport Autobiography Dynamic '18,<br> Autobiography '19-'22 [Pos. 8 is E] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |Z |Range Rover Sport SVR '18-'22, SVR Carbon Edition '21-'22 |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |J |Range Rover Sport P360 S '25 |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |P |Range Rover Sport P360 SE '23-'25 |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |T |Range Rover Sport P400 Dynamic S - Canada only: '23 |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |L |Range Rover Sport Dynamic SE '23-'25 |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |M |Range Rover Sport P400 Dynamic HSE - Canada only: '24-'25 |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |1 |Range Rover Sport P440e Autobiography '23 |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |M |Range Rover Sport P440e HSE Dynamic - Canada only: '23 |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |1 |Range Rover Sport P550e Autobiography '24-'25, P530 Autobiography '25 |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |V |Range Rover Sport P530 First Edition '23 |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |Z |Range Rover Sport P635 SV Edition One w/Obsidian Black or <br> Flux Silver paint '24 |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |0 |Range Rover Sport P635 SV Edition One w/Carbon Bronze paint '24 |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |Z |Range Rover Sport P635 SV Edition Two '25 |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |R |Range Rover (L405) base model '18-'22 |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |S |Range Rover HSE '18-'19 [Pos. 8 is V or K] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |S |Range Rover HSE '20 [Pos. 8 is U or K] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |S |Range Rover HSE '21 [Pos. 8 is K] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |S |Range Rover (L405) HSE Westminster Edition '21-'22 <br> [Pos. 8 is U] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |S |Range Rover P400e HSE '20-'21 [Pos. 8 is Y] |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |V |Range Rover P400e Autobiography '20-'21 [Pos. 8 is Y] |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |S |Range Rover (L405) Supercharged SWB '18-'19,<br> P525 HSE SWB '20,<br> P525 HSE Westminster Edition SWB '21-'22 <br> [Pos. 6 is 2 & Pos. 8 is E] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |V |Range Rover (L405) Autobiography SWB '18-'22 [Pos. 6 is 2] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |U |Range Rover Autobiography Fifty Edition SWB '21 [Pos. 6 is 2] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |W |Range Rover (L405) SVAutobiography Dynamic '18-'22,<br> SVAutobiography Dynamic Black '21-'22 [Pos. 6 is 2] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |S |Range Rover (L405) Supercharged LWB '18-'19,<br> P525 HSE LWB '20,<br> P525 HSE Westminster Edition LWB '21-'22 <br> [Pos. 6 is 5 & Pos. 8 is E] |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |V |Range Rover (L405) Autobiography LWB '18-'22 [Pos. 6 is 5] |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |U |Range Rover Autobiography Fifty Edition LWB '21 [Pos. 6 is 5] |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |W |Range Rover (L405) SVAutobiography LWB '18-'22 [Pos. 6 is 5] |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |P |Range Rover (L460) SE '22-'25 |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |1 |Range Rover (L460) Autobiography '22-'25 |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |V |Range Rover (L460) P530 First Edition '22-'23 |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |U |Range Rover (L460) P530 SV '22-'23 |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |Z |Range Rover (L460) P615 SV '24-'25 |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |K |Defender 90 base model '21-'22 [Pos. 6 is 6] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |K |Defender 110 base model w/2 rows of seats '20-'23 [Pos. 6 is 7] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |K |Defender 110 base model w/3 rows of seats '20-'23 [Pos. 6 is E] |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |J |Defender 90 S '21-'25, Canada only: '26 [Pos. 6 is 6] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |J |Defender 110 S w/2 rows of seats '20-'26 [Pos. 6 is 7] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |J |Defender 110 S w/3 rows of seats '20-'26 [Pos. 6 is E] |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |J |Defender 130 S w/3 rows of seats '23-'26 [Pos. 6 is F] |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |Y |Defender 90 X-Dynamic S '21-'22 [Pos. 6 is 6] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |P |Defender 90 P400 SE '23 [Pos. 6 is 6] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |P |Defender 110 P400 SE w/2 rows of seats '20-'23 [Pos. 6 is 7] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |P |Defender 110 P500 SE w/2 rows of seats '24 [Pos. 6 is E] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |P |Defender 110 P400 SE w/3 rows of seats '20-'23 [Pos. 6 is E] |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |P |Defender 130 P400 SE w/3 rows of seats '23 [Pos. 6 is F] |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |2 |Defender 90 P400 X-Dynamic SE '22-'26,<br> Defender 90 X-Dynamic SE Sedona Red '26 [Pos. 6 is 6] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |2 |Defender 110 P400 X-Dynamic SE w/2 rows of seats '21-'26 <br> [Pos. 6 is 7] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |2 |Defender 110 P500 X-Dynamic SE w/2 rows of seats '25-'26 <br> [Pos. 6 is E & Pos. 8 is E] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |2 |Defender 110 P400 X-Dynamic SE w/3 rows of seats '21-'26 <br> [Pos. 6 is E & Pos. 8 is U] |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |2 |Defender 130 P400 X-Dynamic SE w/3 rows of seats '23-'26 <br> [Pos. 6 is F] |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |3 |Defender 90 X-Dynamic HSE '22 [Pos. 6 is 6] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |3 |Defender 110 X-Dynamic HSE w/2 rows of seats '21-'22 <br> [Pos. 6 is 7] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |3 |Defender 110 X-Dynamic HSE w/3 rows of seats '21-'22 <br> [Pos. 6 is E] |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |W |Defender 110 XS Edition w/2 rows of seats '22 <br> [Pos. 6 is 7 & Pos. 8 is U] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |W |Defender 110 XS Edition w/3 rows of seats '22 <br> [Pos. 6 is E & Pos. 8 is U] |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |W |Defender 90 75th Limited Edition '23 <br> [Pos. 6 is 6 & Pos. 8 is U] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |W |Defender 110 75th Limited Edition w/2 rows of seats '23 <br> [Pos. 6 is 7 & Pos. 8 is U] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |W |Defender 110 Sedona Red Edition w/2 rows of seats '25 <br> [Pos. 6 is 7 & Pos. 8 is U] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |W |Defender 110 Trophy Edition w/2 rows of seats '26 <br> [Pos. 6 is 7 & Pos. 8 is U] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |W |Defender 130 P400 Outbound w/2 rows of seats '24-'26 <br> [Pos. 6 is F & Pos. 8 is U] |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |V |Defender 90 First Edition '21 [Pos. 6 is 6] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |1 |Defender 110 First Edition w/2 rows of seats '20 [Pos. 6 is 7] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |1 |Defender 110 First Edition w/3 rows of seats '20 [Pos. 6 is E] |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |V |Defender 130 First Edition w/3 rows of seats '23 [Pos. 6 is F] |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |9 |Defender 110 HSE w/2 rows of seats '20 [Pos. 6 is 7] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |9 |Defender 110 HSE w/3 rows of seats '20 [Pos. 6 is E] |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |X |Defender 90 X '21-'23, Canada only: '24 [Pos. 6 is 6] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |X |Defender 110 X w/2 rows of seats '20-'26 [Pos. 6 is 7] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |X |Defender 110 X w/3 rows of seats '20-'26 [Pos. 6 is E] |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |X |Defender 130 X w/3 rows of seats '23-'26 [Pos. 6 is F] |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |B |Defender 90 P525 V8 '24 [Pos. 6 is 6] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |W |Defender 90 P525 V8 '22-'23, '25-'26,<br> P525 V8 Carpathian Edition '22-'24 [Pos. 6 is 6] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |B |Defender 110 P525 V8 w/2 rows of seats '24 <br> [Pos. 6 is E & Pos. 8 is E] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |W |Defender 110 P525 V8 w/2 rows of seats '22-'23, '25-'26,<br> P525 V8 Carpathian Edition w/2 rows of seats '22-'24,<br> P525 V8 Bond Edition w/2 rows of seats '22 <br> [Pos. 6 is E & Pos. 8 is E] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |B |Defender 130 P500 V8 w/3 rows of seats '24 <br> [Pos. 6 is F & Pos. 8 is E] |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |W |Defender 130 P500 V8 w/3 rows of seats '25-'26 <br> [Pos. 6 is F & Pos. 8 is E] |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |Z |Defender 110 P635 OCTA w/2 rows of seats '25-'26,<br> P635 OCTA Edition One w/2 rows of seats '25,<br> P635 OCTA Black w/2 rows of seats '26 <br> [Pos. 6 is E & Pos. 8 is 9] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |} ===Body Type=== {| class="wikitable" |+Position 6 !VIN code !Description |- |1 |4-door wagon (Range Rover '87-'12, Defender 110 '93, Discovery '94-'04) |- |1 |2-door soft top (Freelander SE3) ('03-'05) |- |1 |2-door wagon (Range Rover Evoque 2-d '12-'17) |- |2 |2-door soft top (Defender 90) ('94-'95, '97) |- |2 |4-door wagon (Freelander) ('02-'05) |- |2 |4-door wagon (LR2 '08-'15, Discovery Sport '15-'26, Range Rover Evoque 4-d '12-, LR3 '05-'09, LR4 '10-'16, Discovery '18-, Range Rover Sport '06-'22, Range Rover Sport P400e '20, Range Rover SWB (L405) '13-'22, Range Rover Velar '18-) |- |3 |2-door wagon (Defender 90) ('95, '97) |- |3 |4-door wagon LWB (Range Rover LWB '14-'16) |- |3 |4-door wagon LWB w/Class E GVWR (Range Rover SV Autobiography LWB '17) |- |4 |4-door wagon [[w:Plug-in hybrid|PHEV]] (Range Rover P400e '20-'21, Range Rover Sport P400e '21-Early '22) |- |5 |4-door wagon LWB w/Class F GVWR (Range Rover Supercharged LWB & Autobiography LWB '17) |- |5 |4-door wagon LWB w/Class F GVWR (Range Rover LWB (L405) '18-'22) |- |5 |2-door convertible (Range Rover Evoque convertible '17-'19) |- |6 |2-door wagon (Defender 90 '21-) |- |7 |4-door wagon w/2 rows of seating (Defender 110 P300/P400 '20-) |- |9 |4-door wagon (Range Rover SWB (L460) '22-, Range Rover Sport '23-) |- |B |4-door wagon (Discovery '17) |- |B |4-door wagon LWB (Range Rover LWB (L460) '22-) |- |E |4-door wagon w/3 rows of seating (Defender 110 P300/P400 w/opt. 3rd row '20-) |- |E |4-door wagon w/2 rows of seating (Defender 110 V8 models '22-) |- |F |4-door wagon w/extended length (Defender 130 '23-) |} SWB=Short-wheelbase, LWB=Long-wheelbase ===Engine Type (All Models 1987-2016 EXCEPT LR2, Discovery Sport, Range Rover Evoque)=== {| class="wikitable" |+Position 7 |- ! VIN !! Size !! Type !! Fuel !! Valvetrain !! Engine Family/Notes/Applications |- | 1 || 3.5L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||MPI. [[w:Rover V8 engine|(Ex-GM) Rover V8 engine]]. Land Rover Range Rover ('87-'88). |- | 1 || 4.4L || V8 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||Sequential MPI. Single VANOS (Intake VVT). BMW M62TUB44 engine. Land Rover Range Rover ('03-'05). |- | 2 || 3.9L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||MPI. (Ex-GM) Rover V8 engine.<br> Land Rover Range Rover SWB ('89-'94), Range Rover County Classic [SWB] ('95), Defender 110 ('93),<br> Defender 90 ('94-'95), Discovery ('94-'95). |- | 2 || 4.0L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||Sequential MPI. (3947 cc, actually 3.9L). (Ex-GM) Rover V8 engine. Land Rover Range Rover 4.0 SE ('95-'99),<br> Discovery ('96-'02), Defender 90 ('97). |- | 2 || 2.5L || 90° V6 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||Sequential MPI. VIS. [[w:Rover KV6 engine|Rover KV6 engine]]. Land Rover Freelander ('02-'05). |- | 3 || 4.2L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||MPI. (4275 cc, actually 4.3L). (Ex-GM) Rover V8 engine. Land Rover Range Rover County LWB ('93-'95). |- | 3 || 4.2L || V8 [[w:Supercharged|SC]] [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||Sequential MPI. Jaguar AJ33S engine. Land Rover Range Rover ('06-'09), Range Rover Sport ('06-'09). |- | 4 || 4.6L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||Sequential MPI. (Ex-GM) Rover V8 engine. Land Rover Range Rover 4.6 HSE ('96-'99), Discovery ('03). |- | 4 || 4.0L || 60° V6 || Gas ||SOHC,<br /> 12 valve||Sequential MPI. Variable intake manifold. Ford Cologne V6 engine.<br> Land Rover LR3 ('05-'07 & also '08-'09 in Canada). |- | 5 || 4.0L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||Sequential MPI. (3947 cc, actually 3.9L). (Ex-GM) Rover V8 engine. LEV.<br> Land Rover Range Rover 4.0 SE ('00), Discovery ('00-'02). |- | 5 || 4.4L || V8 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||Sequential MPI. Continuously VCP (Intake VVT). Jaguar AJ41 engine.<br> Land Rover LR3 ('05-'09), Range Rover ('06-'09), Range Rover Sport ('06-'09). |- | 6 || 4.6L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||Sequential MPI. (Ex-GM) Rover V8 engine. LEV ('00-'02) or ULEV ('03).<br> Land Rover Range Rover 4.6 HSE ('00-'02), 4.6 SE ('01), Discovery ('03). |- | 9 || 4.6L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||Sequential MPI. (Ex-GM) Rover V8 engine. Land Rover Discovery ('04). |- | D || 5.0L || V8 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||Direct injection. Dual Continuously VCT (VVT). CPS (Intake VVL). VIS. Jaguar AJ133 engine (LR-V8).<br> Land Rover LR4 ('10-'13), Range Rover ('10-'13), Range Rover Sport ('10-'13). |- | E || 5.0L || V8 [[w:Supercharged|SC]] [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||Direct injection. Dual Continuously VCT (VVT). Jaguar AJ133S engine (LR-V8S).<br> Land Rover Range Rover ('10-'16), Range Rover Sport ('10-'16). |- | K || 3.0L || 60° V6 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||Common-rail Direct injection. Ford-PSA "Lion" AJD-V6 engine.<br> Land Rover Range Rover Td6 ('16), Range Rover Sport Td6 ('16). |- | P || 3.0L || 90° V6 [[w:Supercharged|SC]] [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||Direct injection. Dual Continuously VCT (VVT). Jaguar AJ126 engine.<br> Land Rover Range Rover ('16), Range Rover Sport ('16). |- | T || 5.0L || V8 [[w:Supercharged|SC]] [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas/E85 ||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||Flex Fuel. Direct injection. Dual Continuously VCT (VVT). Jaguar AJ133S engine (LR-V8S).<br> Land Rover Range Rover ('14-'15), Range Rover Sport ('14-'15). |- | V || 3.0L || 90° V6 [[w:Supercharged|SC]] [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||Direct injection. Dual Continuously VCT (VVT). Jaguar AJ126 engine.<br> Land Rover LR4 ('14-'16), Range Rover ('14-'16), Range Rover Sport ('14-'16). |- | W || 3.0L || 90° V6 [[w:Supercharged|SC]] [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas/E85 ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||Flex Fuel. Direct injection. Dual Continuously VCT (VVT). Jaguar AJ126 engine.<br> Land Rover Range Rover ('14), Range Rover Sport ('14). |} VVT=Variable Valve Timing. VCP=Variable Camshaft Phasing. VCT=Variable Camshaft Timing. VIS=Variable Intake System. LEV=Low Emissions Vehicle. ULEV=Ultra-Low Emissions Vehicle. CPS=Cam Profile Switching. VVL=Variable Valve Lift. ===Transmission Type (LR2, Discovery Sport, Range Rover Evoque only 2008-2016)=== {| class="wikitable" |+Position 7 !VIN code !Description |- |4 |6-speed automatic (Aisin AWF21) (LR2 '08-'09) |- |B |6-speed automatic (Aisin AWF21) (LR2 '10-'15, Range Rover Evoque '12-'13) |- |B |9-speed automatic (ZF 9HP) (Discovery Sport '15-'16, Range Rover Evoque '14-'16) |} ===Transmission Type (All models 2017)=== {| class="wikitable" |+Position 7 !VIN code !Description |- |B |8-speed automatic (ZF 8HP) (Discovery '17) |- |B |9-speed automatic (ZF 9HP) (Discovery Sport '17, Range Rover Evoque '17) |- |F |8-speed automatic (ZF 8HP) (Range Rover '17, Range Rover Sport '17) |} ===Transmission Type (All Models 1987-2016 EXCEPT LR2, Discovery Sport, Range Rover Evoque)=== {| class="wikitable" |+Position 8 !VIN code !Description |- |2 |5-speed automatic [manual shift mode: Steptronic or CommandShift] (Jatco JF506E) (Freelander '02-'05) |- |4 |4-speed automatic (ZF 4HP22 or w/4.6L V8: 4HP24) (Range Rover '87-'02, Discovery '94-'04, Defender 90 '97) |- |4 |5-speed automatic (ZF 5HP24) (Range Rover '03-'05) |- |4 |6-speed automatic (ZF 6HP26X) (LR3 '05-'09, Range Rover '06-'09, Range Rover Sport '06-'09) |- |4 |6-speed automatic (ZF 6HP28X) (LR4 '10-'13, Range Rover '10-'12, Range Rover Sport '10-'13) |- |6 |8-speed automatic (ZF 8HP) (LR4 '14-'16) |- |8 |5-speed manual (Defender 110 '93, Defender 90 '94-'95, Discovery '94-'97) |- |F |8-speed automatic (ZF 8HP) (Range Rover '13-'16, Range Rover Sport '14-'16) |} All are LHD (Left-hand drive). ===Engine Type (LR2, Discovery Sport, Range Rover Evoque only 2008-2016)=== {| class="wikitable" |+Position 8 |- ! VIN !! Size !! Type !! Fuel !! Valvetrain !! Engine Family/Notes/Applications |- | G || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Direct Injection. Dual VVT. Ford EcoBoost engine (Mazda L engine-based).<br> Land Rover LR2 ('13-'15), Discovery Sport ('15-'16), Range Rover Evoque ('12-'16). |- | N || 3.2L || I6 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||MPI. VCT (Intake VVT). CPS (Intake VVL). VIS. [[w:Volvo SI6 engine#B6324S5|Volvo SI6 engine - B6324S5]]. Land Rover LR2 ('08-'12). |- |} VCT=Variable Cam Timing. VVT=Variable Valve Timing. CPS=Cam Profile Switching. VVL=Variable Valve Lift. VIS=Variable Intake System. ===Engine Type (All models 2017 only)=== {| class="wikitable" |+Position 8 |- ! VIN !! Size !! Type !! Fuel !! Valvetrain !! Engine Family/Notes/Applications |- | E || 5.0L || V8 [[w:Supercharged|SC]] [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||Direct injection. Dual Continuously VCT (VVT). Jaguar AJ133S engine (LR-V8S).<br> Land Rover Range Rover ('17), Range Rover Sport ('17). |- | G || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Direct Injection. Dual VVT. Ford EcoBoost engine (Mazda L engine-based).<br> Land Rover Discovery Sport ('17), Range Rover Evoque ('17). |- | K || 3.0L || 60° V6 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||Common-rail Direct injection. Ford-PSA "Lion" AJD-V6 engine.<br> Land Rover Discovery Td6 ('17), Range Rover Td6 ('17), Range Rover Sport Td6 ('17). |- | V || 3.0L || 90° V6 [[w:Supercharged|SC]] [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||Direct injection. Dual Continuously VCT (VVT). Jaguar AJ126 engine.<br> Land Rover Discovery ('17), Range Rover ('17), Range Rover Sport ('17). |} ==Engine 2018-== ===Engine Variant (All models 2018-)=== {| class="wikitable" |+Position 7 |- ! VIN !! Power Level/Engine !! Transmission !! Model |- |R (followed by X) |237 hp 2.0L Ingenium turbo I4 |9-speed auto. |Discovery Sport ('18), Range Rover Evoque ('18-'19) |- |S (followed by X) |286 hp 2.0L Ingenium turbo I4 |9-speed auto. |Discovery Sport ('18), Range Rover Evoque ('18-'19) |- |F (followed by X) |237 hp 2.0L Ingenium turbo I4 |9-speed auto. |Discovery Sport ('19) |- |G (followed by X) |286 hp 2.0L Ingenium turbo I4 |9-speed auto. |Discovery Sport ('19), Discovery Sport P290 ('20) |- |F (followed by X) |246 hp 2.0L Ingenium turbo I4 |9-speed auto. |Discovery Sport P250 ('20-'26), Range Rover Evoque S/SE/1st Edition ('20),<br> Range Rover Evoque P250 ('21-'26) |- |G (followed by X) |296 hp 2.0L Ingenium turbo I4 |9-speed auto. |Range Rover Evoque R-Dynamic S/SE/HSE ('20),<br> Range Rover Evoque P300 HST ('22-'23) |- |R (followed by X) |247 hp 2.0L Ingenium turbo I4 |8-speed auto. |Range Rover Velar ('18) |- |E (followed by X) |247 hp 2.0L Ingenium turbo I4 |8-speed auto. |Range Rover Velar P250 ('19-'26) |- |F (followed by X) |296 hp 2.0L Ingenium turbo I4 |8-speed auto. |Range Rover Velar P300 (Canada only: '19-'20) |- |R (followed by N) |180 hp 2.0L Ingenium turbodiesel I4 |8-speed auto. |Range Rover Velar ('18) |- |E (followed by N) |180 hp 2.0L Ingenium turbodiesel I4 |8-speed auto. |Range Rover Velar D180 ('19) |- |R (followed by V) |380 hp 3.0L AJ126 supercharged V6 |8-speed auto. |Range Rover Velar ('18) |- |F (followed by V) |340 hp 3.0L AJ126 supercharged V6 |8-speed auto. |Range Rover Velar P340 ('19-'20) |- |E (followed by V) |380 hp 3.0L AJ126 supercharged V6 |8-speed auto. |Range Rover Velar P380 ('19-'20) |- |E (followed by U) |335 hp 3.0L Ingenium <br> turbo & E-supercharged I6 |8-speed auto. |Range Rover Velar P340 ('21-'23, Canada only: '24-'26) |- |F (followed by U) |395 hp 3.0L Ingenium <br> turbo & E-supercharged I6 |8-speed auto. |Range Rover Velar P400 R-Dynamic HSE ('21-'22), <br> Range Rover Velar P400 HST ('23), <br> Range Rover Velar P400 Dynamic SE/HSE ('24-'25), <br> Range Rover Velar P400 Dynamic SE/Autobiography/Belgravia Ed. ('26) |- |E (followed by E) |550 hp 5.0L AJ133 supercharged V8 |8-speed auto. |Range Rover Velar SVAutobiography Dynamic ('20) |- |R (followed by V) |340 hp 3.0L AJ126 supercharged V6 |8-speed auto. |Discovery ('18-'20), Range Rover Sport SE/HSE ('18-'19), Range Rover ('18-'19) |- |R (followed by K) |254 hp 3.0L "Lion" AJD-V6 turbodiesel V6 |8-speed auto. |Discovery Td6 ('18-'20), Range Rover Sport Td6 ('18-'21), Range Rover Td6 ('18-'21) |- |R (followed by X) |296 hp 2.0L Ingenium turbo I4 |8-speed auto. |Discovery P300 ('21) |- |R (followed by U) |355 hp 3.0L Ingenium <br> turbo & E-supercharged I6 |8-speed auto. |Discovery P360 ('21) |- |E (followed by X) |296 hp 2.0L Ingenium turbo I4 |8-speed auto. |Discovery P300 ('22-'24) |- |F (followed by X) |296 hp 2.0L Ingenium turbo I4 |8-speed auto. |Discovery P300 ('25-'26) |- |E (followed by U) |355 hp 3.0L Ingenium <br> turbo & E-supercharged I6 |8-speed auto. |Discovery P360 ('22-'26) |- |S (followed by V) |380 hp 3.0L AJ126 supercharged V6 |8-speed auto. |Range Rover Sport HSE Dynamic ('18-'19), Range Rover HSE ('18-'19) |- |R (followed by U) |355 hp 3.0L Ingenium <br> turbo & E-supercharged I6 |8-speed auto. |Range Rover Sport SE/HSE (Mid '19) |- |S (followed by U) |395 hp 3.0L Ingenium <br> turbo & E-supercharged I6 |8-speed auto. |Range Rover Sport HST (Mid '19) |- |S (followed by U) |355 hp 3.0L Ingenium <br> turbo & E-supercharged I6 |8-speed auto. |Range Rover Sport P360 SE/HSE ('20),<br> Range Rover Sport P360 SE/HSE Silver ('21-'22), Range Rover (L405) P360 ('20-'22) |- |R (followed by U) |395 hp 3.0L Ingenium <br> turbo & E-supercharged I6 |8-speed auto. |Range Rover Sport P400 HST ('20-'22), Range Rover P400 HSE ('20),<br> Range Rover (L405) P400 HSE Westminster ('21-'22) |- |R (followed by Y) |398 hp 2.0L Ingenium turbo I4 + 1 motor <br> Gas-Electric [[w:Plug-in hybrid|PHEV]] |8-speed auto. |Range Rover Sport P400e ('20-'22), Range Rover P400e ('20-'21) |- |R (followed by E) |518 hp 5.0L AJ133 supercharged V8 |8-speed auto. |Range Rover Sport ('18-'19), Range Rover ('18-'19) |- |S (followed by E) |575 hp 5.0L AJ133 supercharged V8 |8-speed auto. |Range Rover Sport SVR ('18-'19) |- |S (followed by E) |557 hp 5.0L AJ133 supercharged V8 |8-speed auto. |Range Rover SVAutobiography Dynamic, SVAutobiography LWB ('18-'19) |- |S (followed by E) |518 hp 5.0L AJ133 supercharged V8 |8-speed auto. |Range Rover Sport P525 ('20-'22), Range Rover (L405) P525 ('20-'22) |- |R (followed by E) |575 hp 5.0L AJ133 supercharged V8 |8-speed auto. |Range Rover Sport SVR ('20-'22) |- |R (followed by E) |557 hp 5.0L AJ133 supercharged V8 |8-speed auto. |Range Rover (L405) SVAutobiography Dynamic, SVAutobiography LWB ('20-'22) |- |E (followed by U) |355 hp 3.0L Ingenium <br> turbo & E-supercharged I6 |8-speed auto. |Range Rover Sport P360 ('23-'26) |- |F (followed by U) |395 hp 3.0L Ingenium <br> turbo & E-supercharged I6 |8-speed auto. |Range Rover Sport P400 ('23-'26), <br> Range Rover (L460) P400 SE ('22-'26) |- |E (followed by 4) |434 hp 3.0L Ingenium <br> turbo & E-supercharged I6 + 1 motor <br> Gas-Electric [[w:Plug-in hybrid|PHEV]] |8-speed auto. |Range Rover Sport P440e ('23) |- |F (followed by 4) |434 hp 3.0L Ingenium <br> turbo & E-supercharged I6 + 1 motor <br> Gas-Electric [[w:Plug-in hybrid|PHEV]] |8-speed auto. |Range Rover P440e ('23) |- |E (followed by 4) |454 hp 3.0L Ingenium <br> turbo & E-supercharged I6 + 1 motor <br> Gas-Electric [[w:Plug-in hybrid|PHEV]] |8-speed auto. |Range Rover Sport P460e ('25-'26) |- |F (followed by 4) |542 hp 3.0L Ingenium <br> turbo & E-supercharged I6 + 1 motor <br> Gas-Electric [[w:Plug-in hybrid|PHEV]] |8-speed auto. |Range Rover Sport P550e ('24-'26), Range Rover P550e ('24-'26) |- |E (followed by 7) |523 hp 4.4L BMW N63 (JLR NC10)<br> twin-turbo V8 |8-speed auto. |Range Rover Sport P530 ('23), <br> Range Rover (L460) P530 ('22-'23) |- |F (followed by 9) |626 hp 4.4L BMW S68 (JLR NC11)<br> twin-turbo V8 |8-speed auto. |Range Rover Sport P635 SV Edition One ('24),<br> Range Rover Sport P635 SV Edition Two ('25), Range Rover Sport P635 SV ('26) |- |E (followed by 9) |523 hp 4.4L BMW S68 (JLR NC11)<br> twin-turbo V8 |8-speed auto. |Range Rover (L460) P530 ('24-'26), Range Rover Sport P530 ('25-'26) |- |F (followed by 9) |606 hp 4.4L BMW S68 (JLR NC11)<br> twin-turbo V8 |8-speed auto. |Range Rover (L460) P615 SV ('24-'26) |- |E (followed by X) |296 hp 2.0L Ingenium turbo I4 |8-speed auto. |Defender 110 P300 ('20) |- |E (followed by U) |395 hp 3.0L Ingenium <br> turbo & E-supercharged I6 |8-speed auto. |Defender 110 P400 ('20) |- |R (followed by X) |296 hp 2.0L Ingenium turbo I4 |8-speed auto. |Defender 90 P300 ('21-'22), Defender 110 P300 ('21-'22) |- |R (followed by U) |395 hp 3.0L Ingenium <br> turbo & E-supercharged I6 |8-speed auto. |Defender 90 P400 ('21-'22), Defender 110 P400 ('21-'22) |- |R (followed by E) |518 hp 5.0L AJ133 supercharged V8 |8-speed auto. |Defender 90 P525 ('22), Defender 110 P525 ('22) |- |E (followed by X) |296 hp 2.0L Ingenium turbo I4 |8-speed auto. |Defender 90 P300 ('23-'25, Canada only: '26), Defender 110 P300 ('23-'26) |- |E (followed by U) |296 hp 3.0L Ingenium <br> turbo & E-supercharged I6 |8-speed auto. |Defender 130 P300 S ('23) [Pos. 5 is J] |- |F (followed by U) |296 hp 3.0L Ingenium <br> turbo & E-supercharged I6 |8-speed auto. |Defender 130 P300 S ('24-'26) |- |E (followed by U) |395 hp 3.0L Ingenium <br> turbo & E-supercharged I6 |8-speed auto. |Defender 90 P400 ('23-'26), Defender 110 P400 ('23-'26), Defender 130 P400 ('23-'26) |- |F (followed by E) |493 hp 5.0L AJ133 supercharged V8 |8-speed auto. |Defender 110 P500 ('24-'26), Defender 130 P500 ('24-'26) |- |E (followed by E) |518 hp 5.0L AJ133 supercharged V8 |8-speed auto. |Defender 90 P525 ('23-'26), Defender 110 P525 ('23-'26) |- |E (followed by 9) |626 hp 4.4L BMW S68 (JLR NC11)<br> twin-turbo V8 |8-speed auto. |Defender 110 P635 OCTA ('25-'26) |} ===Engine Type (All models 2018-)=== {| class="wikitable" |+Position 8 |- ! VIN !! Size !! Type !! Fuel !! Valvetrain !! Engine Family/Notes/Applications |- | E || 5.0L || V8 [[w:Supercharged|SC]] [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||Direct injection. Dual Continuously VCT (VVT). Jaguar AJ133S engine (LR-V8S).<br> Land Rover Range Rover ('18-'22), Range Rover Sport ('18-'22),<br> Range Rover Velar SVAutobiography Dynamic ('20), Defender V8 ('22-'26). |- | K || 3.0L || 60° V6 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||Common-rail Direct injection. Ford-PSA "Lion" AJD-V6 engine.<br> Land Rover Discovery Td6 ('18-'20), Range Rover Td6 ('18-'21), Range Rover Sport Td6 ('18-'21). |- | N || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Common-rail Direct Injection. Exhaust VVT. JLR Ingenium AJ20D engine.<br> Land Rover Range Rover Velar ('18-'19) |- | U || 3.0L || I6 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||48v Mild Hybrid. E-supercharger. Direct Injection. Dual VVT. CVVL (Intake VVL).<br> JLR Ingenium AJ20P6/AJ300P engine.<br> Land Rover Discovery ('21-), Range Rover ('20-), Range Rover Sport (Mid '19-), Range Rover Velar ('21-), Defender ('20-). |- | V || 3.0L || 90° V6 [[w:Supercharged|SC]] [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||Direct injection. Dual Continuously VCT (VVT). Jaguar AJ126 engine. Land Rover Discovery ('18-'20),<br> Range Rover ('18-'19), Range Rover Sport ('18-Mid '19), Range Rover Velar ('18-'20). |- | X || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Direct Injection. Dual VVT. CVVL (Intake VVL). JLR Ingenium AJ20P4/AJ200P engine.<br> Land Rover Discovery Sport ('18-'26), Range Rover Evoque ('18-), Range Rover Velar ('18-), Defender ('20-'26), Discovery ('21-). |- | Y || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas-Electric [[w:Plug-in hybrid|PHEV]] || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Direct Injection. Dual VVT. CVVL (Intake VVL). JLR Ingenium AJ20P4/AJ200P engine + 1 Front motor.<br> 12.4 kWh Lithium-ion Battery Pack.<br> Land Rover Range Rover P400e ('20-'21), Range Rover Sport P400e ('20-Early '22). |- | 4 || 3.0L || I6 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas-Electric [[w:Plug-in hybrid|PHEV]] || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||E-supercharger. Direct Injection. Dual VVT. CVVL (Intake VVL).<br> JLR Ingenium AJ20P6/AJ300P engine + 1 Front motor. 31.8 kWh Lithium-ion Battery Pack.<br> Land Rover Range Rover P440e ('23), P550e ('24-); Range Rover Sport P440e ('23), P460e ('25-), P550e ('24-). |- | 7 || 4.4L || V8 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||Direct Injection. Dual VVT (Double VANOS). Valvetronic (Intake VVL). BMW N63B44T3 [N63TU3] engine [JLR NC10-P8H]. Land Rover Range Rover [L460] ('22-'23), Range Rover Sport ('23). |- | 9 || 4.4L || V8 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||48v Mild Hybrid. Direct Injection. Dual VVT (Double VANOS). Valvetronic (Intake VVL). BMW S68B44TO [S68B44A] engine [JLR NC11-P8S]. Land Rover Range Rover [L460] ('24-), Range Rover Sport ('24-),<br> Defender Octa ('25-). |- |} CVVL=Continuously Variable Valve Lift. ==Check Digit/Gearbox (Position 9)== * USA /Canada [[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Check digit|Check digit]] ==Model Year Code (Position 10)== ''See: [[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Model year]]'' ==Plant Codes (Position 11)== * A - Solihull, West Midlands, England, UK * H - Halewood, Merseyside, England, UK * 2 - Nitra, Slovakia ==External links== * [http://www.clifton.nl/calvin.html CalVIN, the on-line free Land Rover VIN CALculator] * [http://www.fourfold.org/LR_FAQ Land Rover FAQ archive] * [http://www.vindecoderz.com/EN/Land%20Rover Land Rover VIN decoder] {{BookCat}} eq44hhyagbixcdfyflvum5uuqcemhem 4679446 4679403 2026-11-01T11:37:40Z JustTheFacts33 3434282 /* Trim Level/Drive Wheels/GVWR/Restraint System (Position 5) */ 4679446 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Warning}}{{clear}} From 1948 to the early eighties, Land Rover used for their cars chassis numbers of their own format. These formats are described in the table below. Since 1980 Land Rover deploys the standard 17-character Vehicle Identification Number ('''VIN'''), complying with international standards. Car details can be derived (decoded, calculated) from the chassis numbers and the VIN. Typically, the model (Defender, Discovery, Range Rover, Freelander), model type (station wagon, three/four door, etc), wheelbase (90 inch, 100 inch, 110 inch, etc.), engine, LHD/RHD, gearbox, and model year is included in the VIN. ===Chassis number formats over the years=== <table> <tr><th>Description</th><th>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</th><th>Format</th></tr> <tr><td>17-characters, International VIN, 1980-later</td><td></td><td>SAL..............</td></tr> <tr><td>17-characters, Int. VIN for LR do Brazil </td><td></td><td>93R..............</td></tr> <tr><td>17-characters, Int. VIN for AAD, 1985-1995 </td><td></td><td>AAD..............</td></tr> <tr><td>17-characters, US/Canada VIN, 1987-later </td><td></td><td>SAL.................</td></tr> <tr><td>17-characters, Brazil VIN for JLR Brazil, 2016-later </td><td></td><td>99J.................</td></tr> <tr></tr> <tr><td>14-characters: is actually the 17-char</td></tr> <tr><td>VIN missing the SAL bit</td></tr> <tr><td> <tr><td>9-character numbers, 1955 </td><td></td><td>17.6.....</td></tr> <tr><td>9-character numbers, 1956 to 1961 </td><td></td><td>1........</td></tr> <tr><td>9-character numbers, 1950 </td><td></td><td>L........ or R........</td></tr> <tr><td>9-character numbers, 1962 to 1979 </td><td></td><td>.........</td></tr> <tr></tr> <tr><td>8-character numbers, 1948 to 1949 </td><td></td><td>.8......</td></tr> <tr><td>8-character numbers, 1950 to 1953 </td><td></td><td>.6......</td></tr> <tr><td>8-character numbers, 1954 to 1955 </td><td></td><td>.7......</td></tr> <tr></tr> <tr><td>7-character numbers, 1948 to 1949 </td><td></td><td>.......</td></tr> <tr><td>6-character numbers, ???? prototypes </td><td></td><td>110F..</td></tr> <tr><td>3-character numbers, 1948 prototypes </td><td></td><td>R.. or L..</td></tr> </table> ===Land Rover WMIs (1981-) (Position 1-3)=== * SAL - Land Rover (UK & Europe) * 99J - JLR Brazil * L2C - Chery Jaguar Land Rover (China) ===Model Line=== {| class="wikitable" |+Position 4 !VIN code !Description |- |A |[[w:Land Rover Discovery#Discovery 3 / LR3 (2004–2009)|Land Rover LR3]] ('05-'09) |- |A |[[w:Land Rover Discovery#Discovery 4 / LR4 (2009–2016)|Land Rover LR4]] ('10-'16) |- |C |[[w:Land Rover Discovery Sport|Land Rover Discovery Sport]] ('15-'26) |- |D |[[w:Land Rover Defender#North American Specification (NAS) Defenders|Land Rover Defender]] ('93-'95, '97) |- |E |[[w:Land Rover Defender (L663)|Land Rover Defender (L663)]] ('20-) |- |F |[[w:Land Rover Freelander#Freelander 2 (L359; 2006–2015)|Land Rover LR2]] ('08-'15) |- |G |[[w:Range Rover (L405)|Land Rover Range Rover (L405)]] (4th gen.) ('13-'22) |- |H |[[w:Range Rover Classic|Land Rover Range Rover/Range Rover Classic]] (1st gen.) ('87-'95) |- |J |[[w:Land Rover Discovery#First & Second generation Discovery|Land Rover Discovery]] ('94-'98 & '99 Discovery SD) |- |K |[[w:Range Rover (L460)|Land Rover Range Rover (L460)]] (5th gen.) (Mid '22-) |- |M |[[w:Range Rover (L322)|Land Rover Range Rover (L322)]] (3rd gen.) ('03-'12) |- |N |[[w:Land Rover Freelander#Freelander in North America|Land Rover Freelander]] ('02-'05) |- |P |[[w:Range Rover (P38A)|Land Rover Range Rover (P38A)]] (2nd gen.) ('95-'02) |- |R |[[w:Land Rover Discovery#Fifth generation Discovery (L462; 2017–present)|Land Rover Discovery]] ('17-) |- |S |[[w:Range Rover Sport#First generation (L320; 2005)|Land Rover Range Rover Sport]] (1st gen.) ('06-'13) |- |T |[[w:Land Rover Discovery#Discovery Series II (L318; 1998–2004)|Land Rover Discovery Series II]] ('99-'04) |- |V |[[w:Range Rover Evoque#First generation (L538; 2011)|Land Rover Range Rover Evoque]] (1st gen.) ('12-'19) |- |W |[[w:Range Rover Sport#Second generation (L494; 2013)|Land Rover Range Rover Sport]] (2nd gen.) ('14-'22) |- |Y |[[w:Range Rover Velar|Land Rover Range Rover Velar]] (1st gen.) ('18-) |- |Z |[[w:Range Rover Evoque#Second generation (L551; 2018)|Land Rover Range Rover Evoque]] (2nd gen.) ('20-) |- |1 |[[w:Range Rover Sport#Third generation (L461; 2022)|Land Rover Range Rover Sport]] (3rd gen.) ('23-) |- |} ===Model Series/GVWR=== {| class="wikitable" |+Position 5 !VIN code !Series !GVWR |- |V (following H) |Range Rover 100" wheelbase (1st gen.) |Class E |- |E (following H) |Range Rover 100" wheelbase (CA emissions) (1st gen.) ('95) |Class E |- |C (following H) |Range Rover LWB 108" wheelbase (1st gen.) |Class E |- |F (following H) |Range Rover LWB 108" wheelbase (CA emissions) (1st gen.) ('95) |Class E |- |H (following D) |Defender 110 ('93) |Class E |- |V (following D) |Defender 90 ('94-'95, '97) |Class E |- |X (following D) |Defender 90 (CA emissions) ('95) |Class E |- |Y (following J) |Discovery ('94-'98 & '99 Discovery SD) |Class E |- |N (following J) |Discovery (CA emissions) ('95-'96) |Class E |- |Y (following T) |Discovery Series II ('99-'00) |Class E |- |V (following P) |Range Rover (2nd gen.) ('95-'98) |Class E |- |E (following P) |Range Rover (2nd gen.) (CA emissions) ('95-'96) |Class E |- |A (following P) |Range Rover (2nd gen.) (GEMS engine management) (Early '99) |Class E |- |V (following P) |Range Rover (2nd gen.) (Bosch engine management) ('99-'00) |Class E |- |C (following P) |Range Rover 4.6 HSE Callaway Edition (2nd gen.) (Callaway-modified engine) ('99) |Class E |- |} ===Model Series/Trim Level/GVWR=== {| class="wikitable" |+Position 5 !VIN code !Series !GVWR |- |M (following N) |Freelander S ('02-'03) |Class C |- |Y (following N) |Freelander SE ('02-'05), SE3 ('03-'05) |Class C |- |E (following N) |Freelander HSE ('02-'04) |Class C |- |L (following T) |Discovery Series II SD ('01-'02), S ('03-'04) |Class E |- |K (following T) |Discovery Series II SD7 ('01-'02), S7 ('03-'04) |Class E |- |Y (following T) |Discovery Series II SE ('01-'04) |Class E |- |W (following T) |Discovery Series II SE7 ('01-'04) |Class E |- |H (following T) |Discovery Series II LE ('01) |Class E |- |J (following T) |Discovery Series II LE7 ('01) |Class E |- |P (following T) |Discovery Series II HSE ('03-'04) |Class E |- |R (following T) |Discovery Series II HSE7 ('03-'04) |Class E |- |L (following P) |Range Rover (2nd gen.) 4.6 SE ('01) |Class E |- |M (following P) |Range Rover (2nd gen.) 4.6 HSE ('01-'02), Westminster Edition ('02) |Class E |- |H (following M) |Range Rover (3rd gen.) Westminster Edition ('04-'05) |Class E |- |} ===Trim Level/Drive Wheels/GVWR/Restraint System (Position 5)=== {| class="wikitable" |+Position 5 !VIN code !Trim Level !Drive Wheels !GVWR !Restraint System |- |P |Discovery Sport SE '18-'19,<br> Range Rover Evoque SE, SE Premium '18-'19 |Awd |Class D (5,001-6,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |C |Range Rover Evoque Landmark Edition 4-d '18-'19 [Pos. 6 is 2] |Awd |Class D (5,001-6,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |R |Discovery Sport HSE '18, Range Rover Evoque HSE '18-'19 |Awd |Class D (5,001-6,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |R |Discovery Sport HSE '19, Landmark Edition '19 [Pos. 7 is F] |Awd |Class D (5,001-6,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |R |Discovery Sport HSE Dynamic '19 [Pos. 7 is G] |Awd |Class D (5,001-6,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |T |Discovery Sport HSE Lux '18 |Awd |Class D (5,001-6,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |T |Discovery Sport HSE Luxury '19 [Pos. 7 is F] |Awd |Class D (5,001-6,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |T |Discovery Sport HSE Luxury Dynamic '19 [Pos. 7 is G] |Awd |Class D (5,001-6,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |D |Range Rover Evoque HSE Dynamic '18-'19 [Pos. 6 is 2] |Awd |Class D (5,001-6,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |E |Range Rover Evoque Autobiography '18-'19 |Awd |Class D (5,001-6,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |C |Range Rover Evoque SE Dynamic 2-d convertible '18-'19 <br> [Pos. 6 is 5] |Awd |Class D (5,001-6,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags & Front Side Head/Thorax Airbags |- |D |Range Rover Evoque HSE Dynamic 2-d convertible '18-'19 <br> [Pos. 6 is 5] |Awd |Class D (5,001-6,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags & Front Side Head/Thorax Airbags |- |K |Discovery Sport base model '20 |Awd |Class D (5,001-6,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |J |Discovery Sport S '20-25, Range Rover Evoque S '20-'26 |Awd |Class D (5,001-6,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |P |Discovery Sport SE '20-'23, Range Rover Evoque SE '20-'23 |Awd |Class D (5,001-6,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |9 |Discovery Sport HSE '20 |Awd |Class D (5,001-6,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |L |Range Rover Evoque First Edition '20 [Pos. 7 is F] |Awd |Class D (5,001-6,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |T |Discovery Sport R-Dynamic S '20-'23,<br> Range Rover Evoque R-Dynamic S '20-'23 |Awd |Class D (5,001-6,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |L |Discovery Sport R-Dynamic SE '20-'23,<br> Discovery Sport Dynamic SE '24-'25,<br> Range Rover Evoque R-Dynamic SE '21-'23,<br> Range Rover Evoque Dynamic SE '24-'26 [Pos. 7 is F] |Awd |Class D (5,001-6,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |L |Discovery Sport Landmark Edition '26 [Pos. 7 is F] |Awd |Class D (5,001-6,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |L |Range Rover Evoque R-Dynamic SE '20 [Pos. 7 is G] |Awd |Class D (5,001-6,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |M |Discovery Sport R-Dynamic HSE '20, Canada only: '21-'23,<br> Discovery Sport Dynamic HSE - Canada only: '24-'25,<br> Range Rover Evoque R-Dynamic HSE '20-'21,<br> Range Rover Evoque Dynamic HSE - Canada only: '24-'25 |Awd |Class D (5,001-6,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |W |Range Rover Evoque P250 Bronze Collection - <br> Canada only: '22-'23 [Pos. 7 is F] |Awd |Class D (5,001-6,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |W |Range Rover Evoque P300 HST '22-'23 [Pos. 7 is G] |Awd |Class D (5,001-6,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |V |Range Rover Evoque P250 Hoxton Edition '26 |Awd |Class D (5,001-6,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |1 |Range Rover Evoque P250 Autobiography - Canada only: '26 |Awd |Class D (5,001-6,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |A |Range Rover Velar base model '18-'19 [Pos. 8 is X] |Awd |Class D (5,001-6,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |B |Range Rover Velar S '18-'20 |Awd |Class D (5,001-6,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |J |Range Rover Velar S '21-'26 |Awd |Class D (5,001-6,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |C |Range Rover Velar SE - Canada only: '18 |Awd |Class D (5,001-6,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |L |Range Rover Velar R-Dynamic SE '18-'19 |Awd |Class D (5,001-6,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |A |Range Rover Velar R-Dynamic SE '19 (some early prod. w/340-hp engine) [Pos. 7 is F & Pos. 8 is V] |Awd |Class D (5,001-6,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |K |Range Rover Velar R-Dynamic S '20 |Awd |Class D (5,001-6,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |T |Range Rover Velar R-Dynamic S '21-'23 |Awd |Class D (5,001-6,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |L |Range Rover Velar Dynamic SE '24-'26 |Awd |Class D (5,001-6,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |M |Range Rover Velar R-Dynamic HSE '18-'22, First Edition '18 |Awd |Class D (5,001-6,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |V |Range Rover Velar HST '23 |Awd |Class D (5,001-6,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |M |Range Rover Velar Dynamic HSE '24-'25 |Awd |Class D (5,001-6,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |V |Range Rover Velar Belgravia Edition '26,<br> Belgravia Edition Satin '26 |Awd |Class D (5,001-6,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |1 |Range Rover Velar Autobiography '26 |Awd |Class D (5,001-6,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |U |Range Rover Velar SVAutobiography Dynamic '20 |Awd |Class D (5,001-6,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |G |Discovery SE '18-'20, Range Rover Sport SE '18-'22 |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |U |Discovery Landmark Edition '20 |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |J |Discovery P300 S '21-'26 [Pos. 8 is X] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |J |Discovery P360 S - Canada only: '21-'23 [Pos. 8 is U] |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |T |Discovery P300 R-Dynamic S '21-'23 [Pos. 8 is X] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |T |Discovery P360 R-Dynamic S '21-'23 [Pos. 8 is U] |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |L |Discovery P300 Dynamic SE '24-'26 [Pos. 8 is X] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |L |Discovery P360 Dynamic SE '24-'25, Canada only: '26 <br> [Pos. 8 is U] |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |M |Discovery P360 R-Dynamic HSE '21-'23,<br> P360 Dynamic HSE - Canada only: '24-'25 |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |W |Discovery P360 Metropolitan Edition '23-'25 |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |W |Discovery P360 Gemini Edition '26,<br> Discovery P360 Tempest Edition '26 |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |R |Discovery HSE '18-'20,<br> Range Rover Sport HSE '18 [Pos. 8 is V or K] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |R |Range Rover Sport HSE '19 [Pos. 8 is V or K or U] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |R |Range Rover Sport HSE '20, HSE Silver Edition '21 <br> [Pos. 8 is U or K] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |R |Range Rover Sport HSE Silver Edition '22 <br> [Pos. 8 is U] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |T |Discovery HSE Luxury '18-'20 |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |V |Range Rover Sport HSE Dynamic '18-'19 [Pos. 8 is V] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |S |Range Rover Sport HST Mid '19-'22 |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |R |Range Rover Sport P400e HSE '20,<br> P400e HSE Silver Edition '21-'22 [Pos. 8 is Y] |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |V |Range Rover Sport P400e Autobiography '20-'21 [Pos. 8 is Y] |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |R |Range Rover Sport Supercharged '18,<br> Supercharged Dynamic '18-'19, HSE Dynamic '20-'22 [Pos. 8 is E] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |V |Range Rover Sport Autobiography Dynamic '18,<br> Autobiography '19-'22 [Pos. 8 is E] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |Z |Range Rover Sport SVR '18-'22, SVR Carbon Edition '21-'22 |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |J |Range Rover Sport P360 S '25-'26 |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |P |Range Rover Sport P360 SE '23-'26 |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |T |Range Rover Sport P400 Dynamic S - Canada only: '23 |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |L |Range Rover Sport Dynamic SE '23-'26 |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |M |Range Rover Sport P400 Dynamic HSE - Canada only: '24-'26 |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |1 |Range Rover Sport P440e Autobiography '23 |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |M |Range Rover Sport P440e HSE Dynamic - Canada only: '23 |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |1 |Range Rover Sport P550e Autobiography '24-'26,<br> P530 Autobiography '25-'26 |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |V |Range Rover Sport P530 First Edition '23 |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |Z |Range Rover Sport P635 SV Edition One w/Obsidian Black or <br> Flux Silver paint '24 |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |0 |Range Rover Sport P635 SV Edition One w/Carbon Bronze paint '24 |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |Z |Range Rover Sport P635 SV Edition Two '25 |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |Y |Range Rover Sport P635 SV '26 |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |0 |Range Rover Sport P635 SV Black '26 |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |3 |Range Rover Sport P635 SV Carbon '26 |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |R |Range Rover (L405) base model '18-'22 |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |S |Range Rover HSE '18-'19 [Pos. 8 is V or K] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |S |Range Rover HSE '20 [Pos. 8 is U or K] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |S |Range Rover HSE '21 [Pos. 8 is K] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |S |Range Rover (L405) HSE Westminster Edition '21-'22 <br> [Pos. 8 is U] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |S |Range Rover P400e HSE '20-'21 [Pos. 8 is Y] |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |V |Range Rover P400e Autobiography '20-'21 [Pos. 8 is Y] |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |S |Range Rover (L405) Supercharged SWB '18-'19,<br> P525 HSE SWB '20,<br> P525 HSE Westminster Edition SWB '21-'22 <br> [Pos. 6 is 2 & Pos. 8 is E] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |V |Range Rover (L405) Autobiography SWB '18-'22 [Pos. 6 is 2] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |U |Range Rover Autobiography Fifty Edition SWB '21 [Pos. 6 is 2] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |W |Range Rover (L405) SVAutobiography Dynamic '18-'22,<br> SVAutobiography Dynamic Black '21-'22 [Pos. 6 is 2] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |S |Range Rover (L405) Supercharged LWB '18-'19,<br> P525 HSE LWB '20,<br> P525 HSE Westminster Edition LWB '21-'22 <br> [Pos. 6 is 5 & Pos. 8 is E] |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |V |Range Rover (L405) Autobiography LWB '18-'22 [Pos. 6 is 5] |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |U |Range Rover Autobiography Fifty Edition LWB '21 [Pos. 6 is 5] |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |W |Range Rover (L405) SVAutobiography LWB '18-'22 [Pos. 6 is 5] |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |P |Range Rover (L460) SE '22-'26 |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |1 |Range Rover (L460) Autobiography '22-'26 |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |V |Range Rover (L460) P530 First Edition '22-'23 |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |U |Range Rover (L460) P530 SV '22-'23 |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |Z |Range Rover (L460) P615 SV '24-'26 |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |0 |Range Rover (L460) P615 SV Black '26 |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |K |Defender 90 base model '21-'22 [Pos. 6 is 6] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |K |Defender 110 base model w/2 rows of seats '20-'23 [Pos. 6 is 7] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |K |Defender 110 base model w/3 rows of seats '20-'23 [Pos. 6 is E] |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |J |Defender 90 S '21-'25, Canada only: '26 [Pos. 6 is 6] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |J |Defender 110 S w/2 rows of seats '20-'26 [Pos. 6 is 7] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |J |Defender 110 S w/3 rows of seats '20-'26 [Pos. 6 is E] |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |J |Defender 130 S w/3 rows of seats '23-'26 [Pos. 6 is F] |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |Y |Defender 90 X-Dynamic S '21-'22 [Pos. 6 is 6] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |P |Defender 90 P400 SE '23 [Pos. 6 is 6] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |P |Defender 110 P400 SE w/2 rows of seats '20-'23 [Pos. 6 is 7] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |P |Defender 110 P500 SE w/2 rows of seats '24 [Pos. 6 is E] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |P |Defender 110 P400 SE w/3 rows of seats '20-'23 [Pos. 6 is E] |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |P |Defender 130 P400 SE w/3 rows of seats '23 [Pos. 6 is F] |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |2 |Defender 90 P400 X-Dynamic SE '22-'26,<br> Defender 90 X-Dynamic SE Sedona Red '26 [Pos. 6 is 6] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |2 |Defender 110 P400 X-Dynamic SE w/2 rows of seats '21-'26 <br> [Pos. 6 is 7] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |2 |Defender 110 P500 X-Dynamic SE w/2 rows of seats '25-'26 <br> [Pos. 6 is E & Pos. 8 is E] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |2 |Defender 110 P400 X-Dynamic SE w/3 rows of seats '21-'26 <br> [Pos. 6 is E & Pos. 8 is U] |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |2 |Defender 130 P400 X-Dynamic SE w/3 rows of seats '23-'26 <br> [Pos. 6 is F] |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |3 |Defender 90 X-Dynamic HSE '22 [Pos. 6 is 6] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |3 |Defender 110 X-Dynamic HSE w/2 rows of seats '21-'22 <br> [Pos. 6 is 7] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |3 |Defender 110 X-Dynamic HSE w/3 rows of seats '21-'22 <br> [Pos. 6 is E] |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |W |Defender 110 XS Edition w/2 rows of seats '22 <br> [Pos. 6 is 7 & Pos. 8 is U] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |W |Defender 110 XS Edition w/3 rows of seats '22 <br> [Pos. 6 is E & Pos. 8 is U] |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |W |Defender 90 75th Limited Edition '23 <br> [Pos. 6 is 6 & Pos. 8 is U] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |W |Defender 110 75th Limited Edition w/2 rows of seats '23 <br> [Pos. 6 is 7 & Pos. 8 is U] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |W |Defender 110 Sedona Red Edition w/2 rows of seats '25 <br> [Pos. 6 is 7 & Pos. 8 is U] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |W |Defender 110 Trophy Edition w/2 rows of seats '26 <br> [Pos. 6 is 7 & Pos. 8 is U] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |W |Defender 130 P400 Outbound w/2 rows of seats '24-'26 <br> [Pos. 6 is F & Pos. 8 is U] |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |V |Defender 90 First Edition '21 [Pos. 6 is 6] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |1 |Defender 110 First Edition w/2 rows of seats '20 [Pos. 6 is 7] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |1 |Defender 110 First Edition w/3 rows of seats '20 [Pos. 6 is E] |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |V |Defender 130 First Edition w/3 rows of seats '23 [Pos. 6 is F] |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |9 |Defender 110 HSE w/2 rows of seats '20 [Pos. 6 is 7] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |9 |Defender 110 HSE w/3 rows of seats '20 [Pos. 6 is E] |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |X |Defender 90 X '21-'23, Canada only: '24 [Pos. 6 is 6] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |X |Defender 110 X w/2 rows of seats '20-'26 [Pos. 6 is 7] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |X |Defender 110 X w/3 rows of seats '20-'26 [Pos. 6 is E] |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |X |Defender 130 X w/3 rows of seats '23-'26 [Pos. 6 is F] |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |B |Defender 90 P525 V8 '24 [Pos. 6 is 6] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |W |Defender 90 P525 V8 '22-'23, '25-'26,<br> P525 V8 Carpathian Edition '22-'24 [Pos. 6 is 6] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |B |Defender 110 P525 V8 w/2 rows of seats '24 <br> [Pos. 6 is E & Pos. 8 is E] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |W |Defender 110 P525 V8 w/2 rows of seats '22-'23, '25-'26,<br> P525 V8 Carpathian Edition w/2 rows of seats '22-'24,<br> P525 V8 Bond Edition w/2 rows of seats '22 <br> [Pos. 6 is E & Pos. 8 is E] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |B |Defender 130 P500 V8 w/3 rows of seats '24 <br> [Pos. 6 is F & Pos. 8 is E] |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |W |Defender 130 P500 V8 w/3 rows of seats '25-'26 <br> [Pos. 6 is F & Pos. 8 is E] |Awd |Class F (7,001-8,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |- |Z |Defender 110 P635 OCTA w/2 rows of seats '25-'26,<br> P635 OCTA Edition One w/2 rows of seats '25,<br> P635 OCTA Black w/2 rows of seats '26 <br> [Pos. 6 is E & Pos. 8 is 9] |Awd |Class E (6,001-7,000 lbs.) |Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags, & Front Side Airbags & Side Curtain Airbags |} ===Body Type=== {| class="wikitable" |+Position 6 !VIN code !Description |- |1 |4-door wagon (Range Rover '87-'12, Defender 110 '93, Discovery '94-'04) |- |1 |2-door soft top (Freelander SE3) ('03-'05) |- |1 |2-door wagon (Range Rover Evoque 2-d '12-'17) |- |2 |2-door soft top (Defender 90) ('94-'95, '97) |- |2 |4-door wagon (Freelander) ('02-'05) |- |2 |4-door wagon (LR2 '08-'15, Discovery Sport '15-'26, Range Rover Evoque 4-d '12-, LR3 '05-'09, LR4 '10-'16, Discovery '18-, Range Rover Sport '06-'22, Range Rover Sport P400e '20, Range Rover SWB (L405) '13-'22, Range Rover Velar '18-) |- |3 |2-door wagon (Defender 90) ('95, '97) |- |3 |4-door wagon LWB (Range Rover LWB '14-'16) |- |3 |4-door wagon LWB w/Class E GVWR (Range Rover SV Autobiography LWB '17) |- |4 |4-door wagon [[w:Plug-in hybrid|PHEV]] (Range Rover P400e '20-'21, Range Rover Sport P400e '21-Early '22) |- |5 |4-door wagon LWB w/Class F GVWR (Range Rover Supercharged LWB & Autobiography LWB '17) |- |5 |4-door wagon LWB w/Class F GVWR (Range Rover LWB (L405) '18-'22) |- |5 |2-door convertible (Range Rover Evoque convertible '17-'19) |- |6 |2-door wagon (Defender 90 '21-) |- |7 |4-door wagon w/2 rows of seating (Defender 110 P300/P400 '20-) |- |9 |4-door wagon (Range Rover SWB (L460) '22-, Range Rover Sport '23-) |- |B |4-door wagon (Discovery '17) |- |B |4-door wagon LWB (Range Rover LWB (L460) '22-) |- |E |4-door wagon w/3 rows of seating (Defender 110 P300/P400 w/opt. 3rd row '20-) |- |E |4-door wagon w/2 rows of seating (Defender 110 V8 models '22-) |- |F |4-door wagon w/extended length (Defender 130 '23-) |} SWB=Short-wheelbase, LWB=Long-wheelbase ===Engine Type (All Models 1987-2016 EXCEPT LR2, Discovery Sport, Range Rover Evoque)=== {| class="wikitable" |+Position 7 |- ! VIN !! Size !! Type !! Fuel !! Valvetrain !! Engine Family/Notes/Applications |- | 1 || 3.5L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||MPI. [[w:Rover V8 engine|(Ex-GM) Rover V8 engine]]. Land Rover Range Rover ('87-'88). |- | 1 || 4.4L || V8 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||Sequential MPI. Single VANOS (Intake VVT). BMW M62TUB44 engine. Land Rover Range Rover ('03-'05). |- | 2 || 3.9L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||MPI. (Ex-GM) Rover V8 engine.<br> Land Rover Range Rover SWB ('89-'94), Range Rover County Classic [SWB] ('95), Defender 110 ('93),<br> Defender 90 ('94-'95), Discovery ('94-'95). |- | 2 || 4.0L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||Sequential MPI. (3947 cc, actually 3.9L). (Ex-GM) Rover V8 engine. Land Rover Range Rover 4.0 SE ('95-'99),<br> Discovery ('96-'02), Defender 90 ('97). |- | 2 || 2.5L || 90° V6 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||Sequential MPI. VIS. [[w:Rover KV6 engine|Rover KV6 engine]]. Land Rover Freelander ('02-'05). |- | 3 || 4.2L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||MPI. (4275 cc, actually 4.3L). (Ex-GM) Rover V8 engine. Land Rover Range Rover County LWB ('93-'95). |- | 3 || 4.2L || V8 [[w:Supercharged|SC]] [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||Sequential MPI. Jaguar AJ33S engine. Land Rover Range Rover ('06-'09), Range Rover Sport ('06-'09). |- | 4 || 4.6L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||Sequential MPI. (Ex-GM) Rover V8 engine. Land Rover Range Rover 4.6 HSE ('96-'99), Discovery ('03). |- | 4 || 4.0L || 60° V6 || Gas ||SOHC,<br /> 12 valve||Sequential MPI. Variable intake manifold. Ford Cologne V6 engine.<br> Land Rover LR3 ('05-'07 & also '08-'09 in Canada). |- | 5 || 4.0L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||Sequential MPI. (3947 cc, actually 3.9L). (Ex-GM) Rover V8 engine. LEV.<br> Land Rover Range Rover 4.0 SE ('00), Discovery ('00-'02). |- | 5 || 4.4L || V8 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||Sequential MPI. Continuously VCP (Intake VVT). Jaguar AJ41 engine.<br> Land Rover LR3 ('05-'09), Range Rover ('06-'09), Range Rover Sport ('06-'09). |- | 6 || 4.6L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||Sequential MPI. (Ex-GM) Rover V8 engine. LEV ('00-'02) or ULEV ('03).<br> Land Rover Range Rover 4.6 HSE ('00-'02), 4.6 SE ('01), Discovery ('03). |- | 9 || 4.6L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||Sequential MPI. (Ex-GM) Rover V8 engine. Land Rover Discovery ('04). |- | D || 5.0L || V8 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||Direct injection. Dual Continuously VCT (VVT). CPS (Intake VVL). VIS. Jaguar AJ133 engine (LR-V8).<br> Land Rover LR4 ('10-'13), Range Rover ('10-'13), Range Rover Sport ('10-'13). |- | E || 5.0L || V8 [[w:Supercharged|SC]] [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||Direct injection. Dual Continuously VCT (VVT). Jaguar AJ133S engine (LR-V8S).<br> Land Rover Range Rover ('10-'16), Range Rover Sport ('10-'16). |- | K || 3.0L || 60° V6 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||Common-rail Direct injection. Ford-PSA "Lion" AJD-V6 engine.<br> Land Rover Range Rover Td6 ('16), Range Rover Sport Td6 ('16). |- | P || 3.0L || 90° V6 [[w:Supercharged|SC]] [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||Direct injection. Dual Continuously VCT (VVT). Jaguar AJ126 engine.<br> Land Rover Range Rover ('16), Range Rover Sport ('16). |- | T || 5.0L || V8 [[w:Supercharged|SC]] [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas/E85 ||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||Flex Fuel. Direct injection. Dual Continuously VCT (VVT). Jaguar AJ133S engine (LR-V8S).<br> Land Rover Range Rover ('14-'15), Range Rover Sport ('14-'15). |- | V || 3.0L || 90° V6 [[w:Supercharged|SC]] [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||Direct injection. Dual Continuously VCT (VVT). Jaguar AJ126 engine.<br> Land Rover LR4 ('14-'16), Range Rover ('14-'16), Range Rover Sport ('14-'16). |- | W || 3.0L || 90° V6 [[w:Supercharged|SC]] [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas/E85 ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||Flex Fuel. Direct injection. Dual Continuously VCT (VVT). Jaguar AJ126 engine.<br> Land Rover Range Rover ('14), Range Rover Sport ('14). |} VVT=Variable Valve Timing. VCP=Variable Camshaft Phasing. VCT=Variable Camshaft Timing. VIS=Variable Intake System. LEV=Low Emissions Vehicle. ULEV=Ultra-Low Emissions Vehicle. CPS=Cam Profile Switching. VVL=Variable Valve Lift. ===Transmission Type (LR2, Discovery Sport, Range Rover Evoque only 2008-2016)=== {| class="wikitable" |+Position 7 !VIN code !Description |- |4 |6-speed automatic (Aisin AWF21) (LR2 '08-'09) |- |B |6-speed automatic (Aisin AWF21) (LR2 '10-'15, Range Rover Evoque '12-'13) |- |B |9-speed automatic (ZF 9HP) (Discovery Sport '15-'16, Range Rover Evoque '14-'16) |} ===Transmission Type (All models 2017)=== {| class="wikitable" |+Position 7 !VIN code !Description |- |B |8-speed automatic (ZF 8HP) (Discovery '17) |- |B |9-speed automatic (ZF 9HP) (Discovery Sport '17, Range Rover Evoque '17) |- |F |8-speed automatic (ZF 8HP) (Range Rover '17, Range Rover Sport '17) |} ===Transmission Type (All Models 1987-2016 EXCEPT LR2, Discovery Sport, Range Rover Evoque)=== {| class="wikitable" |+Position 8 !VIN code !Description |- |2 |5-speed automatic [manual shift mode: Steptronic or CommandShift] (Jatco JF506E) (Freelander '02-'05) |- |4 |4-speed automatic (ZF 4HP22 or w/4.6L V8: 4HP24) (Range Rover '87-'02, Discovery '94-'04, Defender 90 '97) |- |4 |5-speed automatic (ZF 5HP24) (Range Rover '03-'05) |- |4 |6-speed automatic (ZF 6HP26X) (LR3 '05-'09, Range Rover '06-'09, Range Rover Sport '06-'09) |- |4 |6-speed automatic (ZF 6HP28X) (LR4 '10-'13, Range Rover '10-'12, Range Rover Sport '10-'13) |- |6 |8-speed automatic (ZF 8HP) (LR4 '14-'16) |- |8 |5-speed manual (Defender 110 '93, Defender 90 '94-'95, Discovery '94-'97) |- |F |8-speed automatic (ZF 8HP) (Range Rover '13-'16, Range Rover Sport '14-'16) |} All are LHD (Left-hand drive). ===Engine Type (LR2, Discovery Sport, Range Rover Evoque only 2008-2016)=== {| class="wikitable" |+Position 8 |- ! VIN !! Size !! Type !! Fuel !! Valvetrain !! Engine Family/Notes/Applications |- | G || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Direct Injection. Dual VVT. Ford EcoBoost engine (Mazda L engine-based).<br> Land Rover LR2 ('13-'15), Discovery Sport ('15-'16), Range Rover Evoque ('12-'16). |- | N || 3.2L || I6 || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||MPI. VCT (Intake VVT). CPS (Intake VVL). VIS. [[w:Volvo SI6 engine#B6324S5|Volvo SI6 engine - B6324S5]]. Land Rover LR2 ('08-'12). |- |} VCT=Variable Cam Timing. VVT=Variable Valve Timing. CPS=Cam Profile Switching. VVL=Variable Valve Lift. VIS=Variable Intake System. ===Engine Type (All models 2017 only)=== {| class="wikitable" |+Position 8 |- ! VIN !! Size !! Type !! Fuel !! Valvetrain !! Engine Family/Notes/Applications |- | E || 5.0L || V8 [[w:Supercharged|SC]] [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||Direct injection. Dual Continuously VCT (VVT). Jaguar AJ133S engine (LR-V8S).<br> Land Rover Range Rover ('17), Range Rover Sport ('17). |- | G || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Direct Injection. Dual VVT. Ford EcoBoost engine (Mazda L engine-based).<br> Land Rover Discovery Sport ('17), Range Rover Evoque ('17). |- | K || 3.0L || 60° V6 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||Common-rail Direct injection. Ford-PSA "Lion" AJD-V6 engine.<br> Land Rover Discovery Td6 ('17), Range Rover Td6 ('17), Range Rover Sport Td6 ('17). |- | V || 3.0L || 90° V6 [[w:Supercharged|SC]] [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||Direct injection. Dual Continuously VCT (VVT). Jaguar AJ126 engine.<br> Land Rover Discovery ('17), Range Rover ('17), Range Rover Sport ('17). |} ==Engine 2018-== ===Engine Variant (All models 2018-)=== {| class="wikitable" |+Position 7 |- ! VIN !! Power Level/Engine !! Transmission !! Model |- |R (followed by X) |237 hp 2.0L Ingenium turbo I4 |9-speed auto. |Discovery Sport ('18), Range Rover Evoque ('18-'19) |- |S (followed by X) |286 hp 2.0L Ingenium turbo I4 |9-speed auto. |Discovery Sport ('18), Range Rover Evoque ('18-'19) |- |F (followed by X) |237 hp 2.0L Ingenium turbo I4 |9-speed auto. |Discovery Sport ('19) |- |G (followed by X) |286 hp 2.0L Ingenium turbo I4 |9-speed auto. |Discovery Sport ('19), Discovery Sport P290 ('20) |- |F (followed by X) |246 hp 2.0L Ingenium turbo I4 |9-speed auto. |Discovery Sport P250 ('20-'26), Range Rover Evoque S/SE/1st Edition ('20),<br> Range Rover Evoque P250 ('21-'26) |- |G (followed by X) |296 hp 2.0L Ingenium turbo I4 |9-speed auto. |Range Rover Evoque R-Dynamic S/SE/HSE ('20),<br> Range Rover Evoque P300 HST ('22-'23) |- |R (followed by X) |247 hp 2.0L Ingenium turbo I4 |8-speed auto. |Range Rover Velar ('18) |- |E (followed by X) |247 hp 2.0L Ingenium turbo I4 |8-speed auto. |Range Rover Velar P250 ('19-'26) |- |F (followed by X) |296 hp 2.0L Ingenium turbo I4 |8-speed auto. |Range Rover Velar P300 (Canada only: '19-'20) |- |R (followed by N) |180 hp 2.0L Ingenium turbodiesel I4 |8-speed auto. |Range Rover Velar ('18) |- |E (followed by N) |180 hp 2.0L Ingenium turbodiesel I4 |8-speed auto. |Range Rover Velar D180 ('19) |- |R (followed by V) |380 hp 3.0L AJ126 supercharged V6 |8-speed auto. |Range Rover Velar ('18) |- |F (followed by V) |340 hp 3.0L AJ126 supercharged V6 |8-speed auto. |Range Rover Velar P340 ('19-'20) |- |E (followed by V) |380 hp 3.0L AJ126 supercharged V6 |8-speed auto. |Range Rover Velar P380 ('19-'20) |- |E (followed by U) |335 hp 3.0L Ingenium <br> turbo & E-supercharged I6 |8-speed auto. |Range Rover Velar P340 ('21-'23, Canada only: '24-'26) |- |F (followed by U) |395 hp 3.0L Ingenium <br> turbo & E-supercharged I6 |8-speed auto. |Range Rover Velar P400 R-Dynamic HSE ('21-'22), <br> Range Rover Velar P400 HST ('23), <br> Range Rover Velar P400 Dynamic SE/HSE ('24-'25), <br> Range Rover Velar P400 Dynamic SE/Autobiography/Belgravia Ed. ('26) |- |E (followed by E) |550 hp 5.0L AJ133 supercharged V8 |8-speed auto. |Range Rover Velar SVAutobiography Dynamic ('20) |- |R (followed by V) |340 hp 3.0L AJ126 supercharged V6 |8-speed auto. |Discovery ('18-'20), Range Rover Sport SE/HSE ('18-'19), Range Rover ('18-'19) |- |R (followed by K) |254 hp 3.0L "Lion" AJD-V6 turbodiesel V6 |8-speed auto. |Discovery Td6 ('18-'20), Range Rover Sport Td6 ('18-'21), Range Rover Td6 ('18-'21) |- |R (followed by X) |296 hp 2.0L Ingenium turbo I4 |8-speed auto. |Discovery P300 ('21) |- |R (followed by U) |355 hp 3.0L Ingenium <br> turbo & E-supercharged I6 |8-speed auto. |Discovery P360 ('21) |- |E (followed by X) |296 hp 2.0L Ingenium turbo I4 |8-speed auto. |Discovery P300 ('22-'24) |- |F (followed by X) |296 hp 2.0L Ingenium turbo I4 |8-speed auto. |Discovery P300 ('25-'26) |- |E (followed by U) |355 hp 3.0L Ingenium <br> turbo & E-supercharged I6 |8-speed auto. |Discovery P360 ('22-'26) |- |S (followed by V) |380 hp 3.0L AJ126 supercharged V6 |8-speed auto. |Range Rover Sport HSE Dynamic ('18-'19), Range Rover HSE ('18-'19) |- |R (followed by U) |355 hp 3.0L Ingenium <br> turbo & E-supercharged I6 |8-speed auto. |Range Rover Sport SE/HSE (Mid '19) |- |S (followed by U) |395 hp 3.0L Ingenium <br> turbo & E-supercharged I6 |8-speed auto. |Range Rover Sport HST (Mid '19) |- |S (followed by U) |355 hp 3.0L Ingenium <br> turbo & E-supercharged I6 |8-speed auto. |Range Rover Sport P360 SE/HSE ('20),<br> Range Rover Sport P360 SE/HSE Silver ('21-'22), Range Rover (L405) P360 ('20-'22) |- |R (followed by U) |395 hp 3.0L Ingenium <br> turbo & E-supercharged I6 |8-speed auto. |Range Rover Sport P400 HST ('20-'22), Range Rover P400 HSE ('20),<br> Range Rover (L405) P400 HSE Westminster ('21-'22) |- |R (followed by Y) |398 hp 2.0L Ingenium turbo I4 + 1 motor <br> Gas-Electric [[w:Plug-in hybrid|PHEV]] |8-speed auto. |Range Rover Sport P400e ('20-'22), Range Rover P400e ('20-'21) |- |R (followed by E) |518 hp 5.0L AJ133 supercharged V8 |8-speed auto. |Range Rover Sport ('18-'19), Range Rover ('18-'19) |- |S (followed by E) |575 hp 5.0L AJ133 supercharged V8 |8-speed auto. |Range Rover Sport SVR ('18-'19) |- |S (followed by E) |557 hp 5.0L AJ133 supercharged V8 |8-speed auto. |Range Rover SVAutobiography Dynamic, SVAutobiography LWB ('18-'19) |- |S (followed by E) |518 hp 5.0L AJ133 supercharged V8 |8-speed auto. |Range Rover Sport P525 ('20-'22), Range Rover (L405) P525 ('20-'22) |- |R (followed by E) |575 hp 5.0L AJ133 supercharged V8 |8-speed auto. |Range Rover Sport SVR ('20-'22) |- |R (followed by E) |557 hp 5.0L AJ133 supercharged V8 |8-speed auto. |Range Rover (L405) SVAutobiography Dynamic, SVAutobiography LWB ('20-'22) |- |E (followed by U) |355 hp 3.0L Ingenium <br> turbo & E-supercharged I6 |8-speed auto. |Range Rover Sport P360 ('23-'26) |- |F (followed by U) |395 hp 3.0L Ingenium <br> turbo & E-supercharged I6 |8-speed auto. |Range Rover Sport P400 ('23-'26), <br> Range Rover (L460) P400 SE ('22-'26) |- |E (followed by 4) |434 hp 3.0L Ingenium <br> turbo & E-supercharged I6 + 1 motor <br> Gas-Electric [[w:Plug-in hybrid|PHEV]] |8-speed auto. |Range Rover Sport P440e ('23) |- |F (followed by 4) |434 hp 3.0L Ingenium <br> turbo & E-supercharged I6 + 1 motor <br> Gas-Electric [[w:Plug-in hybrid|PHEV]] |8-speed auto. |Range Rover P440e ('23) |- |E (followed by 4) |454 hp 3.0L Ingenium <br> turbo & E-supercharged I6 + 1 motor <br> Gas-Electric [[w:Plug-in hybrid|PHEV]] |8-speed auto. |Range Rover Sport P460e ('25-'26) |- |F (followed by 4) |542 hp 3.0L Ingenium <br> turbo & E-supercharged I6 + 1 motor <br> Gas-Electric [[w:Plug-in hybrid|PHEV]] |8-speed auto. |Range Rover Sport P550e ('24-'26), Range Rover P550e ('24-'26) |- |E (followed by 7) |523 hp 4.4L BMW N63 (JLR NC10)<br> twin-turbo V8 |8-speed auto. |Range Rover Sport P530 ('23), <br> Range Rover (L460) P530 ('22-'23) |- |F (followed by 9) |626 hp 4.4L BMW S68 (JLR NC11)<br> twin-turbo V8 |8-speed auto. |Range Rover Sport P635 SV Edition One ('24),<br> Range Rover Sport P635 SV Edition Two ('25), Range Rover Sport P635 SV ('26) |- |E (followed by 9) |523 hp 4.4L BMW S68 (JLR NC11)<br> twin-turbo V8 |8-speed auto. |Range Rover (L460) P530 ('24-'26), Range Rover Sport P530 ('25-'26) |- |F (followed by 9) |606 hp 4.4L BMW S68 (JLR NC11)<br> twin-turbo V8 |8-speed auto. |Range Rover (L460) P615 SV ('24-'26) |- |E (followed by X) |296 hp 2.0L Ingenium turbo I4 |8-speed auto. |Defender 110 P300 ('20) |- |E (followed by U) |395 hp 3.0L Ingenium <br> turbo & E-supercharged I6 |8-speed auto. |Defender 110 P400 ('20) |- |R (followed by X) |296 hp 2.0L Ingenium turbo I4 |8-speed auto. |Defender 90 P300 ('21-'22), Defender 110 P300 ('21-'22) |- |R (followed by U) |395 hp 3.0L Ingenium <br> turbo & E-supercharged I6 |8-speed auto. |Defender 90 P400 ('21-'22), Defender 110 P400 ('21-'22) |- |R (followed by E) |518 hp 5.0L AJ133 supercharged V8 |8-speed auto. |Defender 90 P525 ('22), Defender 110 P525 ('22) |- |E (followed by X) |296 hp 2.0L Ingenium turbo I4 |8-speed auto. |Defender 90 P300 ('23-'25, Canada only: '26), Defender 110 P300 ('23-'26) |- |E (followed by U) |296 hp 3.0L Ingenium <br> turbo & E-supercharged I6 |8-speed auto. |Defender 130 P300 S ('23) [Pos. 5 is J] |- |F (followed by U) |296 hp 3.0L Ingenium <br> turbo & E-supercharged I6 |8-speed auto. |Defender 130 P300 S ('24-'26) |- |E (followed by U) |395 hp 3.0L Ingenium <br> turbo & E-supercharged I6 |8-speed auto. |Defender 90 P400 ('23-'26), Defender 110 P400 ('23-'26), Defender 130 P400 ('23-'26) |- |F (followed by E) |493 hp 5.0L AJ133 supercharged V8 |8-speed auto. |Defender 110 P500 ('24-'26), Defender 130 P500 ('24-'26) |- |E (followed by E) |518 hp 5.0L AJ133 supercharged V8 |8-speed auto. |Defender 90 P525 ('23-'26), Defender 110 P525 ('23-'26) |- |E (followed by 9) |626 hp 4.4L BMW S68 (JLR NC11)<br> twin-turbo V8 |8-speed auto. |Defender 110 P635 OCTA ('25-'26) |} ===Engine Type (All models 2018-)=== {| class="wikitable" |+Position 8 |- ! VIN !! Size !! Type !! Fuel !! Valvetrain !! Engine Family/Notes/Applications |- | E || 5.0L || V8 [[w:Supercharged|SC]] [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||Direct injection. Dual Continuously VCT (VVT). Jaguar AJ133S engine (LR-V8S).<br> Land Rover Range Rover ('18-'22), Range Rover Sport ('18-'22),<br> Range Rover Velar SVAutobiography Dynamic ('20), Defender V8 ('22-'26). |- | K || 3.0L || 60° V6 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||Common-rail Direct injection. Ford-PSA "Lion" AJD-V6 engine.<br> Land Rover Discovery Td6 ('18-'20), Range Rover Td6 ('18-'21), Range Rover Sport Td6 ('18-'21). |- | N || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Common-rail Direct Injection. Exhaust VVT. JLR Ingenium AJ20D engine.<br> Land Rover Range Rover Velar ('18-'19) |- | U || 3.0L || I6 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||48v Mild Hybrid. E-supercharger. Direct Injection. Dual VVT. CVVL (Intake VVL).<br> JLR Ingenium AJ20P6/AJ300P engine.<br> Land Rover Discovery ('21-), Range Rover ('20-), Range Rover Sport (Mid '19-), Range Rover Velar ('21-), Defender ('20-). |- | V || 3.0L || 90° V6 [[w:Supercharged|SC]] [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas ||DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||Direct injection. Dual Continuously VCT (VVT). Jaguar AJ126 engine. Land Rover Discovery ('18-'20),<br> Range Rover ('18-'19), Range Rover Sport ('18-Mid '19), Range Rover Velar ('18-'20). |- | X || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Direct Injection. Dual VVT. CVVL (Intake VVL). JLR Ingenium AJ20P4/AJ200P engine.<br> Land Rover Discovery Sport ('18-'26), Range Rover Evoque ('18-), Range Rover Velar ('18-), Defender ('20-'26), Discovery ('21-). |- | Y || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas-Electric [[w:Plug-in hybrid|PHEV]] || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve||Direct Injection. Dual VVT. CVVL (Intake VVL). JLR Ingenium AJ20P4/AJ200P engine + 1 Front motor.<br> 12.4 kWh Lithium-ion Battery Pack.<br> Land Rover Range Rover P400e ('20-'21), Range Rover Sport P400e ('20-Early '22). |- | 4 || 3.0L || I6 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas-Electric [[w:Plug-in hybrid|PHEV]] || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve||E-supercharger. Direct Injection. Dual VVT. CVVL (Intake VVL).<br> JLR Ingenium AJ20P6/AJ300P engine + 1 Front motor. 31.8 kWh Lithium-ion Battery Pack.<br> Land Rover Range Rover P440e ('23), P550e ('24-); Range Rover Sport P440e ('23), P460e ('25-), P550e ('24-). |- | 7 || 4.4L || V8 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||Direct Injection. Dual VVT (Double VANOS). Valvetronic (Intake VVL). BMW N63B44T3 [N63TU3] engine [JLR NC10-P8H]. Land Rover Range Rover [L460] ('22-'23), Range Rover Sport ('23). |- | 9 || 4.4L || V8 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 32 valve||48v Mild Hybrid. Direct Injection. Dual VVT (Double VANOS). Valvetronic (Intake VVL). BMW S68B44TO [S68B44A] engine [JLR NC11-P8S]. Land Rover Range Rover [L460] ('24-), Range Rover Sport ('24-),<br> Defender Octa ('25-). |- |} CVVL=Continuously Variable Valve Lift. ==Check Digit/Gearbox (Position 9)== * USA /Canada [[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Check digit|Check digit]] ==Model Year Code (Position 10)== ''See: [[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Model year]]'' ==Plant Codes (Position 11)== * A - Solihull, West Midlands, England, UK * H - Halewood, Merseyside, England, UK * 2 - Nitra, Slovakia ==External links== * [http://www.clifton.nl/calvin.html CalVIN, the on-line free Land Rover VIN CALculator] * [http://www.fourfold.org/LR_FAQ Land Rover FAQ archive] * [http://www.vindecoderz.com/EN/Land%20Rover Land Rover VIN decoder] {{BookCat}} gnlcl3th0la5hu3qfzf3hib1pnx7db8 Aros/Platforms/AROS USB support 0 202147 4679281 4679035 2026-10-31T14:46:34Z Jeff1138 301139 4679281 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ArosNav}} ==Host Adapter Protocol USB1 OHCI UHCI USB2 EHCI USB3.0 USB3.1 xHCI == Please let us know any mistakes or any information to be added, use Prefs/Trident to confirm Vendor and Product IDs Please chat at [https://www.arosworld.org/index.php AROS World] *1996 USB1.0 *1998 USB1.1 *2000 USB2.0 *2008 USB3.0 *2013 USB3.1 *2017 USB3.2 AROS has these USB transfers *Control - *Bulk - Midi 1.0 ( 'send my data when you can' ) *Interrupt - Midi 2.0 *Isochronous - USBAudio, Webcams, etc Isochronous is the starting point of modern types of multimedia creativity. IsoChronous isoc code is already in place in poseidon.library and '''scheduled''' transfers are queued to be later rerouted in the host driver code (needs to be written for each host protocol e.g. OCHI, UCHI, EHCI and [https://cdrdv2-public.intel.com/625472/625472_xHCI_Rev1_2b.pdf#:~:text=Page%203.%20Document%20Number:%20625472%2C%20Revision:%201.2b.%203. XHCI rev1.2], [https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/content-details/868296/extensible-host-controller-interface-for-universal-serial-bus-xhci-requirements-specification-r2-0.html rev2], etc). There seems to be 2 types of isoc transfers, one is just the normal isoc transfer and the other is realtime implementation of isoc transfer. For isoc transfer there needs to be a scheduler that makes sure no isoc transfers are dropped (in or out) and that they happen at the right time. It all gets difficult as the device making use of the isoc transfer may be at any point on the device tree. One needs to calculate the USB bandwidth for the packet based periodic transfers that are initiated by the host which have fixed but guaranteed bandwidth. Host controllers guarantee this bandwidth by planning a schedule of transfers ahead of time to ensure there is enough time reserved on the bus. [https://www.intel.co.uk/content/www/uk/en/products/docs/io/universal-serial-bus/ehci-specification.html EHCI] [https://www.thegoodpenguin.co.uk/blog/understanding-why-usb-isochronous-bandwidth-errors-occur/ bus-bandwidth] vs payload-bandwidth and the algorithm of the EHCI scheduler. The bandwidth of the endpoint in terms of payload data (stuff we put in a packet) and the protocol overhead, signalling imposed bit stuffing, host delays etc. Poseidon controls the driver and device tree and it provides an API to communicate with the USB devices. Poseidon really doesn't care much about what sort of transfer pipe is opened or used, it only provides the means to do so and forwards the iorequests to the correct driver. Poseidon code is the higher level code for USB communication and drivers are of course the lower level one. [[File:Psd.svg|220px|right]] ; Best Hardware - NEC Chipset (OHCI + EHCI), Intel Chipset (UHCI + EHCI), XHCI USB3.0, USB3.1 & gen 2 Type-A Type-B Type-C ; Next Best Set - General OHCI, SIS (OHCI + EHCI), ; Buggy Chipset - [ Early AMD OHCI], ALi OHCI, VIA UHCI, Nvidia OHCI & EHCI, === USB1.1 === OHCI USB 1.1 - USB-IF sanctioned standard but hardware physical form removed with USB2.0 and replaced with virtual emulation of USB1 {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="5%" |Product ID ! width="5%" |Revision ! width="10%" |Boot from USB ! width="10%" |Detect USB device ! width="10%" |USB device works ! width="30%" |Opinion |- | ALi Agere M5273 A1 M5237 Lucent USS-312 | | | | <!--Boots-->{{Maybe}} | <!--Detects-->{{Yes}} | <!--Works-->{{Maybe|}} | StarTech PCI425USB, CompUSA Iogear GIC220U-b, Nvidia 220 mobo, USBA2041P, ALi SU2A-PS, |- | AMD 756 Chipset (onboard motherboard) | 0x1022 | 0x740c | 0x06 | <!--Boots-->{{No}} | <!--Detects-->{{No}} | <!--Works-->{{Maybe|}} | no [http://aros-exec.org/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?post_id=31308#forumpost31308 usb devices detected] Geode GX1, |- | CMD DU-A2 Silicon Image 0670 (pci AMD chipset) | 0x1095 | 0x0670 | 0x06 | <!--Boots-->{{No}} | <!--Detects-->{{No}} | <!--Works-->{{Maybe|}} | |- | Silicon Image 0673 (pci AMD chipset) | 0x1095 | 0x0673 | 0x06 | <!--Boots-->{{No}} | <!--Detects-->{{No}} | <!--Works-->{{Maybe|}} | |- | Nvidia Nforce2 USB | 0x10de | | | <!--Boots-->{{Maybe|Bios options vary but does with Plop Boot}} | <!--Detects-->{{Yes}} | <!--Works-->{{Maybe|}} | Tested with 20th Aug 2012 improvement |- | NEC µPD720100AGM | 0x1033 | 0x0035 | 0x | <!--Boots-->{{Unk}} | <!--Detects-->{{Unk}} | <!--Works-->{{Maybe|}} | untested - Amiga Spider card with possible bottleneck issues at higher speeds |- | NEC µPD720101AGM 720101GJ | 0x1033 | 0x0035 | 0x43 | <!--Boots-->{{Yes}} | <!--Detects-->{{Yes}} | <!--Works-->{{Maybe|}} | Mac mini, Belkin F5U219vea (2+1 ports), Belkin F5U220vea1 (4+1 ports), Adaptec 3100LP, BAFO BF-460, GWC UC-160, IOGear GIC250U, Keyspan U2PCI-5, O'toLink U2-C2B U2-C2A U2-P20N U2-P50, Ratoc PCIU5, USBWholesale UII-PCIP |- | NEC µPD720102 | 0x1033 | 0x00 | 0x | <!--Boots-->{{Unk|untested }} | <!--Detects-->{{Unk|untested }} | <!--Works-->{{Maybe|}} | |- | Opti 82C861 2-port | 0x1045 | 0xc861 | | <!--Boots-->{{No}} | <!--Detects-->{{No}} | <!--Works-->{{Maybe|}} | no USB devices detected - Belkin F5U005, |- | SIS 7001 OCHI | 0x1039 | 0x7001 | 0x0f | <!--Boots-->{{No}} | <!--Detects-->{{Yes}} | <!--Works-->{{Maybe|}} | 20th Aug 2012 - not booting stalls on GRUB word with Plop Boot |- |} UHCI USB 1.1 - Intel standard but since 2009 no hardware support as USB2 introduced virtual emulation of USB1 {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="5%" |Product ID ! width="5%" |Revision ! width="10%" |Boot from USB ! width="10%" |Detect USB device ! width="10%" |USB device works ! width="30%" |Opinion |- | Intel | 0x8086 | 0x | 0x01 | <!--Boots-->{{No|not in bios use AROS floppy disc boot}} | <!--Detects-->{{Maybe|}} | <!--Works-->{{Maybe|}} | |- | Intel 82371AB EB MB PIIX4 | 0x8086 | 0x7112 | 0x01 | <!--Boots-->{{No|none in bios use other booting options}} | <!--Detects-->{{Maybe|Detects most devices}} | <!--Works-->{{Maybe|most devices but not RTL8187b WG111v3 blue led not on and does not work}} | |- | Intel 82801DB/DBL/DBM (onboard i830 mbd) | 0x8086 | 0x24c4 | 0x01 | <!--Boots-->{{Yes|but not from bios but floppy options}} | <!--Detects-->{{Yes|}} | <!--Works-->{{Yes|}} | RTL8187b WG111v3 blue led on and although device has software failure and recoverable error IT STILL WORKS. Fresh start sometimes needs Network Prefs Saved to work. |- | VIA MVP4 (onboard mbd) | 0x1106 | 0x30 | 0x40 | <!--Boots-->{{No}} | <!--Detects-->{{Maybe|most devices}} | <!--Works-->{{Maybe|most devices but not wireless options}} | RTL8187b WG111v3 detected but blue led not on and does not work |- | VIA VT82xx (onboard mbd) | 0x1106 | 0x3038 | 0x40 | <!--Boots-->{{No}} | <!--Detects-->{{Maybe|most devices}} | <!--Works-->{{Maybe|most devices but not wireless usb}} | RTL8187b WG111v3 blue led on but does not work |- | VIA VT6202 (VIA VT83C572) | 0x1106 | 0x3038 | | <!--Boots-->{{No}} | <!--Detects-->{{Maybe|}} | <!--Works-->{{Maybe|}} | A-Best USB-200, Cables N Mor USBPCI, CompUSA, D-Link DSB500, Digital/Research DRUSBCARD, Kouwell IOFlex 580, StarMount USB VIA, |- | VIA VT6112 | | | | <!--Boots-->{{No}} | <!--Detects-->{{Maybe|}} | <!--Works-->{{Maybe|}} | |- | VIA VT6212 (pci card) | 0x1106 | 0x3038 | 0x61 | <!--Boots-->{{No}} | <!--Detects-->{{Maybe|}} | <!--Works-->{{Maybe|}} | 2011 seems to have issues with other identical via based USB controller(s) present |- | VIA VT6214L | | | | <!--Boots-->{{No}} | <!--Detects-->{{Maybe|}} | <!--Works-->{{Maybe|}} | |- |} === USB 2.0 EHCI === The USB-IF insisted on only one implementation of EHCI but it creates 4 virtual hcd to cover USB1.1 support. The virtual HCD on Intel and VIA EHCI controllers are UHCI. All other vendors use virtual OHCI controllers. Hardware EHCI USB2.0 ended in most chipsets in 2014/5 and is now virtual through most newer USB3.0 chipsets {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="5%" |Product ID ! width="5%" |Revision ! width="10%" |Boot from USB ! width="10%" |Detect USB device ! width="10%" |USB device works ! width="30%" |Opinion |- | ALi Agere M5273 A1 Lucent USS-344 | | | | <!--Boots--> | <!--Detects--> | <!--Works-->{{Maybe|}} | {{N/A|untested}} belkin F5U006, |- | Nvidia Nforce2 USB | | | | <!--Boots-->{{No}} | <!--Detects-->{{Yes}} | <!--Works-->{{Maybe|}} | |- | Intel 82801DB/DBM (onboard mbd) | 0x8086 | 0x24cd | 0x01 | <!--Boots-->{{Yes}} | <!--Detects-->{{Yes}} | <!--Works-->{{Maybe|}} | |- | NEC µPD720100AGM | 0x1033 | 0x00E0 | 0x | <!--Boots--> | <!--Detects--> | <!--Works-->{{Maybe|}} | {{N/A|untested - Amiga Spider card}} |- | NEC 72101 GJ | 0x1033 | 0x00e0 | 0x04 | <!--Boots-->{{Yes}} | <!--Detects-->{{Yes}} | <!--Works-->{{Maybe|}} | Belkin F5U219 VEA1 (pci), |- | SIS ECHI | 0x1039 | 0x7002 | 0x00 | <!--Boots-->{{No}} | <!--Detects-->{{Maybe|issues about which port is used if it works at all}} | <!--Works-->{{Maybe|}} | |- | VIA VT6202 | 0x1106 | 0x3104 | | <!--Boots-->{{No}} | <!--Detects-->{{Yes}} | <!--Works-->{{Maybe|}} | |- | VIA VT6212 (pci card) | 0x1106 | 0x3104 | 0x62 | <!--Boots-->{{No}} | <!--Detects-->{{Yes|detects}} | <!--Works-->{{Maybe|}} | |- |} === USB 3.x SuperSpeed SS (Speed 5Gbit/s 3.1 gen 1) aka xHCI eXtensible === USB Attached SCSI (UAS or UASP) is a protocol used for high-speed data transfer between computers and external storage devices like SSDs, HDDs, and some flash drives. It provides up to 70% faster read/write speeds than traditional Bulk-Only Transport (BOT) by allowing multiple commands to run in parallel, rather than waiting in a queue {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="5%" |Product ID ! width="5%" |Revision ! width="10%" |Boot from USB ! width="10%" |Detect USB device ! width="10%" |USB device works ! width="30%" |Opinion |- | <!--Description-->AMD | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Boots-->{{unk| }} | <!--Detects-->{{unk|}} | <!--Works-->{{unk|}} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->AMD | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Boots-->{{unk| }} | <!--Detects-->{{unk|}} | <!--Works-->{{unk|}} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->AMD | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Boots-->{{unk| }} | <!--Detects-->{{unk|}} | <!--Works-->{{unk|}} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Fresco Logic FL1000 FL 1000 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1B73 | <!--Product ID-->0x1000 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Boots-->{{unk| }} | <!--Detects-->{{unk|}} | <!--Works-->{{unk|}} | <!--Opinion-->link power management (LPM, USB 3.0 power saving) cannot be disabled so random connection issues |- | <!--Description-->Fresco Logic FL1009-200 FL 1009 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID-->0x1009 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Boots-->{{unk| }} | <!--Detects-->{{unk|}} | <!--Works-->{{unk|}} | <!--Opinion-->Orico PFU3-2P |- | <!--Description-->Fresco Logic FL1100-100 FL 1100SX | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID-->0x1100 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Boots-->{{unk| }} | <!--Detects-->{{unk|}} | <!--Works-->{{unk|}} | <!--Opinion-->LPM cannot be disabled so issues with disconnecting WD drives etc - CalDigit, ORICO PFU3-2P, FASTA-6GU3 Pro, inatech KTU3FR-2P 2 port USB 3.0, and Inateck KT4004 (KTU3FR-4PA rev B2) for storage and hubs, etc |- | <!--Description-->Fresco Logic FL1400 FL 1400 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID-->0x1400 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Boots-->{{unk| }} | <!--Detects-->{{unk|}} | <!--Works-->{{unk|}} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Fresco Logic | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID-->0x | <!--Revision--> | <!--Boots-->{{unk| }} | <!--Detects-->{{unk|}} | <!--Works-->{{unk|}} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->NEC Renesas xHCI µPD720200 uPD720200a chip | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1d6b | <!--Product ID-->0x0194 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Boots-->{{unk| }} | <!--Detects-->{{unk|}} | <!--Works-->{{Maybe|no USB3 but seems to works like USB2}} | <!--Opinion-->recognized but not supported for USB3 but works like USB2 - ORICO PRU3-4P 4 Port USB, early Dell Wyse zx0 thin client, |- | <!--Description-->NEC Renesas xHCI µPD720201 uPD720201 chip | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID-->0x114 0x0115 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Boots-->{{unk| }} | <!--Detects-->{{unk|}} | <!--Works-->{{unk|}} | <!--Opinion-->recognized but not supported |- | <!--Description-->NEC Renesas xHCI µPD720202 uPD720202 chip | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1912 | <!--Product ID-->0x0015 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Boots-->{{unk| }} | <!--Detects-->{{unk|}} | <!--Works-->{{unk|}} | <!--Opinion-->recognized but not supported |- | <!--Description-->[http://www.ti.com/product/tusb7340 TI] tusb7340 TUSB732 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID-->0x8241 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Boots-->{{unk| }} | <!--Detects-->{{unk|}} | <!--Works-->{{unk|}} | <!--Opinion-->recognized but not supported Koutech IO-PEU436 but only one with open docs |- | <!--Description-->Intel xHCI | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Boots-->{{unk| }} | <!--Detects-->{{unk|}} | <!--Works-->{{unk|}} | <!--Opinion-->recognized but not supported - integrated since Ivybridge |- | <!--Description-->Intel xHCI | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Boots-->{{unk| }} | <!--Detects-->{{unk|}} | <!--Works-->{{unk|}} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Marvell | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Boots-->{{unk| }} | <!--Detects-->{{unk|}} | <!--Works-->{{unk|}} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Via Labs VL800 xHCI 0.96 support in VL800, VIA VL811 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID-->0x3432 0x3438 0x3515 and 0x9201 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Boots-->{{unk| }} | <!--Detects-->{{unk|}} | <!--Works-->{{Maybe|}} 2.0 backwards support | <!--Opinion-->Anker 68UPPCIE-2S20PU 2 port, Plugable 4-Port, GA-z77x-ud5h rev. 1.1 mobo, |- | <!--Description-->Via Labs VL811+ | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Boots-->{{unk| }} | <!--Detects-->{{unk|}} | <!--Works-->{{unk|}} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Via Labs VL812 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Boots-->{{unk| }} | <!--Detects-->{{unk|}} | <!--Works-->{{unk|}} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->xHCI 1.0 support in VL805 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Boots-->{{unk| }} | <!--Detects-->{{unk|}} | <!--Works-->{{unk|}} | <!--Opinion--> |- |} USB 3.1 (power up to 100W and data 10Gbit/s USB 3.2 gen 2 - USB-A Full size plug - USB-B micro USB size - USB-C reversible) {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="5%" |Product ID ! width="5%" |Revision ! width="10%" |Boot from USB ! width="10%" |Detect USB device ! width="10%" |USB device works ! width="30%" |Opinion |- | <!--Description-->Asmedia ASM1142 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1B21 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Boots-->{{N/A}} | <!--Detects-->{{N/A|}} | <!--Works-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->Connector: USB Type C and USB Type A x 1 - Ugreen USB C PCI Card 2 Port USB 3.1 Type C |- | <!--Description-->Marvell | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Boots-->{{N/A}} | <!--Detects-->{{N/A|}} | <!--Works-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->AMD | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Boots-->{{N/A}} | <!--Detects-->{{N/A|}} | <!--Works-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Intel | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Boots-->{{N/A}} | <!--Detects-->{{N/A|}} | <!--Works-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Intel xHCI | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Boots-->{{unk| }} | <!--Detects-->{{unk|}} | <!--Works-->{{unk|}} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->[ Intel] Revision 1.8 1.9 Updated | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Boots-->{{unk| }} | <!--Detects-->{{unk|}} | <!--Works-->{{unk|}} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->VLI | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Boots-->{{N/A}} | <!--Detects-->{{N/A|}} | <!--Works-->{{N/A|}} | <!--Opinion-->AUKEY 4 Ports USB C , |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Boots-->{{N/A}} | <!--Detects-->{{N/A|}} | <!--Works-->{{N/A|}} | <!--Opinion-->Startech - PEXUSB312C - 2-port Usb 3.1 10Gbit/s |- |} USB 3.2 (power up to 100W and data 20Gbit/s gen 2x2 - USB-A Full size plug - USB-B micro USB size - USB-C reversible) {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="5%" |Product ID ! width="5%" |Revision ! width="10%" |Boot from USB ! width="10%" |Detect USB device ! width="10%" |USB device works ! width="30%" |Opinion |- | <!--Description-->Marvell | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Boots-->{{N/A}} | <!--Detects-->{{N/A|}} | <!--Works-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->AMD | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Boots-->{{N/A}} | <!--Detects-->{{N/A|}} | <!--Works-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Intel | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Boots-->{{N/A}} | <!--Detects-->{{N/A|}} | <!--Works-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Intel xHCI | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Boots-->{{unk| }} | <!--Detects-->{{unk|}} | <!--Works-->{{unk|}} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->[ Intel] Revision 2.6 Update | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Boots-->{{unk| }} | <!--Detects-->{{unk|}} | <!--Works-->{{unk|}} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->VLI | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Boots-->{{N/A}} | <!--Detects-->{{N/A|}} | <!--Works-->{{N/A|}} | <!--Opinion--> |- |} === USB 4 (40Gbps thunderbolt, pcie 3.0 tunnelling, ) === {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="5%" |Product ID ! width="5%" |Revision ! width="10%" |Boot from USB ! width="10%" |Detect USB device ! width="10%" |USB device works ! width="30%" |Opinion |- | <!--Description-->Marvell | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Boots-->{{N/A}} | <!--Detects-->{{N/A|}} | <!--Works-->{{No| }} | |- | <!--Description-->AMD Ryzen7 6800U | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Boots-->{{N/A}} | <!--Detects-->{{N/A|}} | <!--Works-->{{No| }} | |- | <!--Description-->Intel Goshen Ridge JHL8440 Controller | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Boots-->{{N/A}} | <!--Detects-->{{N/A|}} | <!--Works-->{{No| }} | |- | <!--Description-->VLI | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Boots-->{{N/A}} | <!--Detects-->{{N/A|}} | <!--Works-->{{N/A|}} | |- |} == hid.class (Human Interface Device) == === Keyboard === Some multi-finger touchpad support works but not on all touchpads {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->8BitDo Retro N C64 edition Keyboard, the super button accessory and optional N30 mouse | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 87 keys Kailh white}} |- | <!--Description-->8bitdo 108 Retro Mechanical Keyboard (white kailh) and two superbuttons (green) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | Apple Pro Keyboard | 0x05ac | 0x0205 | 0x0122 | {{yes|works (its two hub ports) but mouse scroll wheel issues}} |- | Apple Pro Keyboard | 0x05AC | 0x020B | | {{yes|works (two onboard ports also)}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Aigo K68 60% red switches, A68 A87 wireless 2G | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->[http://amigakit.leamancomputing.com/catalog/product_info.php?cPath=49&products_id=973 AmigaOne Keyboard] | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{yes|works}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Akko TAC87 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| 80% TKL }} |- | <!--Description-->Akko MonsGeek FUN60 PRO&MAX HE | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| 60% hall effect }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Akko | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2025 hall effect, good but expensive and software poor}} |- | <!--Description-->Akko | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2026 magnetic hall effect software should be better and surpasses mechanical}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Arteck HW197 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2026 keyboard and touchpad combo, aluminum frame, aa battery }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Azio Cascade | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2022 }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Chilkey ND75 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2024 good 75% expensive}} |- | <!--Description-->Chilkey ND104 (Wuque Studios) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 premium clicky (WS Blue) or silent (WS White) key options with Ansi and ISO formats also numpad and calculator, aluminum machined, tri mode, }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2026 untested magnetic hall effect software should be better and surpasses mechanical}} |- | <!--Description-->Corsair K65 Mech MX no numeric keypad | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Corsair CH-9000045 K70 Blue MX | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Corsair K90 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Corsair K95 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Corsair K | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Cherry G80 G80-3000L[x]C[yy]-[z] | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Cooler Master CM Storm Quickfire Rapid | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Corsair K100 Air | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->2025 okay low profile but expensive |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2027 magnetic hall effect software should be better and surpasses mechanical}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Opinion |- | <!--Description-->Dell SK-8135 Dell USB Keyboard for Internet and Multimedia rev H for Dimension 4500, Dimension 8250, OptiPlex GX260n, OptiPlex GX60n, Precision 350 (R42232) | <!--Vendor ID-->0x413C | <!--Product ID-->0x2010 | <!--Revision-->0200 | <!--Opinion-->{{Yes| usb1.1 keyboard hub 0x413C 0x1003 works as well - multimedia keys not mapped }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Deepcool KG722 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 65% }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Ducky Channel Zero DK2108 Mech Mechanical Cherry MX Red | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Ducky Shine 3 Brown or Blue (DK9087) MX keys | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Das Keyboard Model S Ultimate | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Epomaker Cidoo V75 Pro | <!--Vendor ID-->0x3151 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2023 untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->epomaker rt100 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2024 plastic build and no screws, numpad with small 0, mostly quiet seasalt switches, gimmick usb-c 1in screen}} |- | <!--Description-->EPOMAKER TH99 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} USB-C full numpad keyboard |- | <!--Description-->eopmaker P75 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| expensive but good}} |- | <!--Description-->eopmaker p87 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| expensive but good}} |- | <!--Description-->epomaker x Leobog Hi75 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2024 }} |- | <!--Description-->epomaker x Feker Galaxy80 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2024 }} |- | <!--Description-->epomaker x Galaxy100 gmk/via | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2024 good 96% }} |- | <!--Description-->epomaker Aula F75 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2024 budget version good 75% choice of 4 leobog switches}} |- | <!--Description-->eopmaker Tide75 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2024 good 75% and not too expensive}} |- | <!--Description-->Epomaker Ajazz AK992 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2023 109 key }} |- | <!--Description-->Epomaker Ajazz AK820 Pro | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2024 }} |- | <!--Description-->Epomaker Ajazz AK35I V3 MAX | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 104 keys - two models: wired and tri-mode connection - }} |- | <!--Description-->epomaker Aula F108 PRO | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 pricy but okay 100% but only leobog graywood switches but hotswap available afterwards}} |- | <!--Description-->eopmaker Ajazz AK980 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 97 keys }} |- | <!--Description-->Epomaker G87 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 }} |- | <!--Description-->Epomaker RT82 RT85 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 }} |- | <!--Description-->Epomaker RT100 Pro | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 96% }} |- | <!--Description-->epomaker x Galaxy100 lite | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 good 96% }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->ATTACK SHARK X98 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 98% maybe silent linear feel with Two-color PBT keycap}} |- | <!--Description-->Epomaker ATTACK SHARK X68HE and X65HE 65% Wired Gaming Keyboard | <!--Vendor ID-->0x3151 | <!--Product ID-->0x502D | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{yes|2025 tested on Aros running on Raspberry Pi wired usb-c with magnetic hall effect keys}} |- | <!--Description-->Epomaker | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2027 magnetic hall effect software should be better and surpasses mechanical}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Filco Ninja Majestouch-2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Focus FK-760 Wireless Keyboard & Trackball | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | {{yes|works}} but quality build issues raised |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2027 magnetic hall effect software should be better and surpasses mechanical}} |- | <!--Description-->GMMK Tenkeyless | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested default Gateron Brown switches for Kailh Box Jades default Gateron Brown switches for Kailh Box Jades}} |- | <!--Description-->GK61 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2023 untested }} |- | <!--Description-->GMK67 GMK87 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested budget good option}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2027 magnetic hall effect software should be better and surpasses mechanical}} |- | <!--Description-->Hengchangtong HCT Limeme gk103s Entry Keyboard | <!--Vendor ID-->0xC0F4 | <!--Product ID-->0x0009 | <!--Revision-->0100 | <!--Opinion-->{{yes|half Keyboard left side only}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2027 magnetic hall effect software should be better and surpasses mechanical}} |- | <!--Description-->Hexgears M2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2024 untested hotswap kaihl green switches}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Hexgears | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Iqunix mq80 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->2025 good 75% low profile keys |- | <!--Description-->Iqunix Magi65 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested good 65% low profile keys }} |- | <!--Description-->iqunix ez60 ez80 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2025 untested specific hall effect switches - actuation point, rapid trigger, etc }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2027 magnetic hall effect software should be better and surpasses mechanical}} |- | <!--Description-->Jomaa YiChip Wireless 50% key with touchpad | <!--Vendor ID-->0x3151 | <!--Product ID-->0x3000 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|dongle detected, keys and pad not working - 2 AAA NM}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2027 magnetic hall effect software should be better and surpasses mechanical}} |- | <!--Description-->Keychron q0 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2022 untested numpad only}} |- | <!--Description-->Keychron q1 v1 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2022 untested okay}} |- | <!--Description-->Keychron Q6 Max | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2023 untested 75% with numeric numpad, barebones so choose switches and keycaps to suit }} |- | <!--Description-->Keychron q1 MAX V1 MAX | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2023 untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Keychron Lemokey P1 QMK | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested best option to customise switches and keycaps}} |- | <!--Description-->Keychron LemoKey X1 X3 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2024 untested keycap swap only not switches}} |- | <!--Description-->Keychron K2HE | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested okay}} wireless hall effect analogue on all keys |- | <!--Description-->Keychron K4HE | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2025 untested hall effect but software }} |- | <!--Description-->Keychron K5 K17 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 untested okay low profile but }} |- | <!--Description-->Keychron Q5 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 }} |- | <!--Description-->Keychron K10 HE | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2027 magnetic hall effect software should be better and surpasses mechanical}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2024 }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2024 }} |- | <!--Description-->Kiiboom Breeze 75 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2025 good 75% }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2025 }} |- | <!--Description-->Meletrix Boog 75 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2024 magnetic hall effect, good but expensive and software poor}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2025 }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2025 }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2027 magnetic hall effect software should be better and surpasses mechanical}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2025 }} |- | <!--Description-->Melgeek O2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2025 low profile 75% but not repairable}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2027 magnetic hall effect software should be better and surpasses mechanical}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2025 }} |- | <!--Description-->MOSART 2.4G Wireless 60% Keyboard Trackball | <!--Vendor ID-->0x062a | <!--Product ID-->0x4105 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{Yes|dongle recognised HID, keys worked, roller worked, scroll wheel works and shoulders works but buttons around left, top and right hand side (RHS) do not work and plastic and 2 AA MN1500}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Mucai SiGma Micro MKA610 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1c4f | <!--Product ID-->0x0084 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No| unknown red keys - rgb backlighting - }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Opinion |- | <!--Description-->[http://hjldemo.clsc.cn/ Guangzhou Zhentian Electronics Ltd] Perixx Periboard 505 Plus with Trackball | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{Yes|okay dome keyboard - poor trackball}} |- | <!--Description-->Guangzhou Zhentian Electronics Co., Ltd Perixx Periboard 706 Plus with Trackball Wireless | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{Yes|generally okay dome with good sized keys but piano black surround fingerprint magnet, occasional brief trackball freezes after no use, takes some time to get used to the trackball size}} |- | <!--Description-->Perixx Periboard-716 Wireless (Chicony) | <!--Vendor ID-->04f2:1013 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{Yes|okay dome keyboard and trackpad}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> {{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->Perixx Periboard- | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{Unk|okay keyboard}} |- | <!--Description-->Perixx Periboard- | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{Unk|okay keyboard}} |- | <!--Description-->Lenovo SK-8825 41A5327 SIL12-W07 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->works manufactured for |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Lite-On USB NetVista Full Width Keyboard | <!--Vendor ID-->0x04b3 | <!--Product ID-->0x3025 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->works |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Logitech K320 Wireless Keyboard | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|The Logitech USB Unifying, Bolt, Lightspeed, or Nano receiver pairing}} |- | <!--Description-->Logitech K340 Wireless Keyboard | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|The Logitech Unifying Receiver pairing}} |- | <!--Description-->Logitech K400 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{Unk|okay keyboard}} |- | <!--Description-->[http://www.logitech.com/en-us/product/wireless-touch-keyboard-k400r Logitech Wireless Touch Keyboard k400] | <!--Vendor ID--> 0x046D | <!--Product ID--> 0xC52B | <!--Revision--> 1201 | <!--Opinion--> {{yes|All (including multimedia) keys work. Some keys requires remapping with Trident. Touchpad works and acts as normal mouse. Presents itself in Trident as USB Receiver from Logitech with 3 HID bindings}} |- | <!--Description-->Logitech K400 Plus K400+ | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{Unk|okay keyboard}} |- | <!--Description-->Logitech K600 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{Unk|okay keyboard}} |- | <!--Description-->Logitech TK820 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{Unk|okay keyboard}} |- | <!--Description-->Logitech TK830 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{Unk|okay keyboard}} |- | <!--Description-->Logitech G915 TKL | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{Unk|okay keyboard TKL means no number pad}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2027 magnetic hall effect software should be better and surpasses mechanical}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Lofree Lite84 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 }} |- | <!--Description-->Lofree Flow Lite100 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 silent switches and low profile keys}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Opinion |- | <!--Description-->MACHENIKE K500 Wired | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2024 94 keys untested Hot Swappable 94 Keys 90% Layout }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->MechLands Vibe99 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2024 100 keys untested Gasket-mounted Wired/Bluetooth/2.4GHz Wireless Mechanical Keyboard}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Microsoft Comfortable Curve 2000 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no| recognized but not supported}} |- | <!--Description-->Microsoft Natural Ergonomic Keyboard 4000 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|recognized but not supported}} |- | <!--Description-->Microsoft Wireless Media Desktop 1000 (1356) | <!--Vendor ID-->0x045e | <!--Product ID-->0x00f9 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{maybe|working but not mouse part}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2027 magnetic hall effect software should be better and surpasses mechanical}} |- | <!--Description-->Niz Micro84 Duo82 X87 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2022 electro capacitive }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2027 magnetic hall effect software should be better and surpasses mechanical}} |- | <!--Description-->nuphy gem80 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| expensive but good}} |- | <!--Description-->nuphy kick 75 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 low profile 75% }} |- | <!--Description-->nuphy Air75 V3 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 75% }} |- | <!--Description-->nuphy node 100 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| 96% layout, }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2027 magnetic hall effect software should be better and surpasses mechanical}} |- | <!--Description-->Qpad MK-50 MK-80 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Qpad MK-90 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2027 magnetic hall effect software should be better and surpasses mechanical}} |- | <!--Description-->Razer Chroma | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1532 | <!--Product ID-->0203 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->[https://openrazer.github.io/ Razer] Lycosa | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Razer Blackwidow 2013 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| Cherry MX Blue }} |- | <!--Description-->Razr Blackwidow Ultimate | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| Cherry MX Blue }} |- | <!--Description-->Razer Blackwidow V4 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| Razer Orange keys }} |- | <!--Description-->Razer Blackwidow V4 Low Profile | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| Razer keys }} |- | <!--Description-->Razer Blackwidow V4 Pro 75% | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| Razer keys }} |- | <!--Description-->Razer Cynosa Lite V2 | <!--Vendor ID-->1532 | <!--Product ID-->0x023f | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Razer DeathStalker | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Razer HuntsMan | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Razer Ornata | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Razer Orbweaver Chroma Keypad | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1532 | <!--Product ID-->0207 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Razer Tartarus Keypad | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| not hall effect and very expensive}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2027 magnetic hall effect software should be better and surpasses mechanical}} |- | <!--Description-->Redragon K668 RGB Gaming Keyboard Wired | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2023 untested 108 Keys Mechanical Keyboard w/Extra 4 Hotkeys Upgraded Hot-swappable Socket,Red Switch}} |- | <!--Description-->Redragon K689 PRO Wireless | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2024 untested Gasket RGB Gaming Keyboard, 108 Keys Mechanical Keyboard w/Extra 4 Hotkeys, Upgraded Hot-swappable}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Rii K22 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 keyboard trackpad combo, non replaceable lithium battery, very compact}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2027 magnetic hall effect software should be better and surpasses mechanical}} |- | <!--Description-->Risophy 60 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2024 75% mechanical, hotswap so okay for price untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Risophy | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2028 magnetic hall effect software should be better and surpasses mechanical}} |- | <!--Description-->Royal Kludge RK65 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested cream switches }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2028 magnetic hall effect software should be better and surpasses mechanical}} |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Opinion |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->SINO WEALTH Gaming KB SkyLion K68 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x258a | <!--Product ID-->0x003a | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No| blue stalks with rgb lighting}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->SKYLOONG GK104 Pro | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested gateron }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2028 magnetic hall effect software should be better and surpasses mechanical}} |- | <!--Description-->SteelSeries | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->TeckNet x300 2.4G Keyboard Mouse MosART | <!--Vendor ID-->0x062A | <!--Product ID-->0x4101 | <!--Revision-->0312 | <!--Opinion-->{{Yes|1 AAA for each and works well - mouse slightly better built than keyboard rubberised membrane}} |- | <!--Description-->TeckNet X331 HDE 2.4G Keyboard wireless RCMCU | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0C45 | <!--Product ID-->0x7000 | <!--Revision-->0001 | <!--Opinion-->{{Yes|wireless can be glitchy but few extra keys are mapped }} |- | <!--Description-->TeckNet X500 2.4G Keyboard Mouse MOSArt | <!--Vendor ID-->0x062A | <!--Product ID-->0x2901 | <!--Revision-->0112 | <!--Opinion-->{{Yes|works well especially large touchpad - usual rubber domed membraned keyboard mechanism }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Tecware Specter | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested good 75%}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2028 magnetic hall effect software should be better and surpasses mechanical}} |- | <!--Description-->Unicomp Model M USB 104 key | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} IBM's and later Lexmark buckling spring switches |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Varmilo Minilo Bluebell (prestige silent) and Eculapytus (violet tactile) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2023 75% plastic build no screws not great to mod}} |- | <!--Description-->Varmilo Sword 68 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| expensive but good}} |- | <!--Description-->Varmilo 98 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2024 expensive but good and Kailh silent}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2028 magnetic hall effect software should be better and surpasses mechanical}} |- | <!--Description-->Weikav Velocifire Choice65 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Weikav Velocifire Lucky65 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2024 }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2028 magnetic hall effect software should be better and surpasses mechanical}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Wobkey Rainy 75 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x320F | <!--Product ID-->0x5055 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2024 good 75% but not as expensive CNC Aluminum HMX/JWK/Cocoa Switches}} |- | <!--Description-->Wobkey Crush 80 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x320F | <!--Product ID-->0x5588 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Wobkey Crush80 Reboot Pro | <!--Vendor ID-->0x320F | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2024 very good but expensive Aluminum Hotswap Wireless RGB}} |- | <!--Description-->Wobkey Rainy 75 Pro | <!--Vendor ID-->0x320F | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2026 magnetic hall effect software should be better and surpasses mechanical}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Wooting HE60 HE80 HE90 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2024 hall effect but expensive with good software}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2028 magnetic hall effect software should be better and surpasses mechanical}} |- | <!--Description-->Womier WK61 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2021 untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Womier Sk71 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2024 }} |- | <!--Description-->Womier Sk75 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2024 }} |- | <!--Description-->Womier Sk75 TMR | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 hall effect }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2028 magnetic hall effect software should be better and surpasses mechanical}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Xenta White Wireless HK6718B+HM3302--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{Maybe|works with Raspberry Pi untested on AROS native}} |- | <!--Description-->Xinmeng X87 MAGIC_REFINER | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2024 untested keycap swap but not hotswapable switches}} |- | <!--Description-->Yunzii AL66 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| milk switches, cherry PBT, }} |- | <!--Description-->Yunzi B75 Pro | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2024 budget good with cocoa cream switches }} |- | <!--Description-->Yunzii AL75 Pro | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|good budget option with swappable switches, }} |- | <!--Description-->Yunzii AL80 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 switches }} |- | <!--Description-->Yunzi C75 Pro | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 budget good with switches }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2028 magnetic hall effect software should be better and surpasses mechanical}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- |} <pre> linear - creamy tactile - thocky clicky - clacky </pre> <pre > Cherry MX Black are linear switches (no feedback); good for gaming. Cherry MX Red are linear (less noise no click) but more squishy; Cherry MX Brown are in between Blue and Red in style and tactile; Cherry MX Clear switches have soft tactile feedback (with no click). Cherry MX Blue have tactile feedback with a click (noisy); good for typing. Gateron Yellows KS-3, KS-3x47 or better Pros have a milky top and black bottom and linear TTC Silent Frozen v2. Linear and dead silent Mouse the huano brown with yellow dot for silent mouse clicks Kailh red dust proof encoder for smooth and close to silent scrolling Boba U4 Silent Tactile switches Husky linears HMX </pre > === Mouse === if the USB mouse is non-functional put a USB pendrive in before or add the following to user-startup in '''s''' drawer/folder/directory sys:prefs/trident NOGUI > NIL: {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="10%" | Brand ! width="20%" | Description ! width="10%" | Model ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | 3Dconnexion | 3D Mouse | <!--Model-->[http://www.3dconnexion.com/products/spacenavigator.html SpaceNavigator] | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | {{N/A|untested}} |- | 3Dconnexion | 3D Mouse | <!--Model-->SpacePilot Pro | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | {{N/A|untested}} |- | 3Dconnexion | Mouse | <!--Model-->SpaceExplorer | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | {{N/A|untested}} |- | 3Dconnexion | Wireless Mouse | <!--Model-->SpaceMouse | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | {{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Brand-->3D Optical | <!--Description-->Wired | <!--Model--> | <!--Vendor ID-->0000:3825 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> {{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Brand--> | <!--Description--> | <!--Model--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> {{N/A|untested}} |- | Belkin | Combo mouse | | 0x05FE | 0x0011 | Low 0100 | {{yes|works}} |- | <!--Brand--> | <!--Description--> | <!--Model--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> {{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Brand-->Cytec | <!--Description-->Wired Mouse Gaming | <!--Model-->R.A.T 5 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> {{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Brand--> | <!--Description--> | <!--Model--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> {{N/A|untested}} |- | Dell | Mouse | MO56UC | 0x413C | 0x3200 | | {{yes|works}} |- | <!--Brand--> | <!--Description--> | <!--Model--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> {{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Brand--> | <!--Description--> | <!--Model--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> {{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Brand-->equatech / clone logitech | <!--Description-->wireless mouse | <!--Model-->49779 / M185 | <!--Vendor ID--> 3151:2020 later 3151:3020 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> {{Yes|detected and works}} |- | <!--Brand--> | <!--Description--> | <!--Model--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> {{N/A|untested}} |- | Hama | RF Optical Mouse | AM-6000 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | {{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Brand-->Keychron | <!--Description-->Optical | <!--Model-->M3 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> {{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Brand-->Keychron | <!--Description-->Optical | <!--Model-->M5 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> {{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Brand-->Keycron | <!--Description-->Optical Wireless | <!--Model-->M6 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> {{N/A|untested 1k polling and 16k dpi }} |- | <!--Brand-->Keychron | <!--Description-->Optical Wireless | <!--Model-->M7 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> {{N/A|untested barebones 1k polling and 16k dpi, great for small hands, loud clicks}} |- | <!--Brand--> | <!--Description--> | <!--Model--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> {{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Brand-->LogiCAD 3D | <!--Description-->3D Mouse | <!--Model-->Magellan | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | {{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Brand--> | <!--Description--> | <!--Model--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> {{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Brand-->Logitech | Cordless Desktop Navigator | <!--Model--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | {{No|The Logitech Unifying Receiver pairing}} |- | <!--Brand-->Logitech Inc. | First/Pilot Wheel Mouse | N48/M-BB48 M-BE58 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | {{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Brand-->Logitech | Wireless mouse | [http://www.logitech.com/en-roeu/mice_pointers/mice/devices/5484 M305] | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | {{yes|works}} |- | <!--Brand-->Logitech | Wireless RF Mouse | MK710 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | {{No|The Logitech Unifying Receiver pairing}} |- | <!--Brand-->Logitach | <!--Description-->Optical | <!--Model-->G304 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x | <!--Product ID-->0x | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2021 very clicky}} |- | <!--Brand-->Logitech | <!--Description-->Wireless Mouse | <!--Model-->MX Master Anywhere 2S | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> {{No|untested}} micro USB charge port on front |- | <!--Brand-->Logitech | <!--Description-->Wireless | <!--Model-->M220 silent touch MR0085 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x | <!--Product ID-->0x | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2018 needs usb dongle - quiet clicking }} |- | <!--Brand-->Logitech Logi | <!--Description-->Optical | <!--Model-->MX Master 3S | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> {{No|2021 untested usb-c bluetooth, inbuilt battery but muted clicks}} |- | <!--Brand-->Logitach | <!--Description-->Optical | <!--Model-->G502 X Plus | <!--Vendor ID-->0x | <!--Product ID-->0x | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2022 very clicky}} |- | <!--Brand-->Logitech | <!--Description-->Wireless | <!--Model-->M240 silent touch MR0105 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x | <!--Product ID-->0x | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{maybe|2022 no dongle as bluetooth enabled but could work with Logi Bolt USB Receiver - 1 aa battery - quiet clicking}} |- | <!--Brand-->Logitech | <!--Description-->Optical | <!--Model-->MX Master 4 MXM | <!--Vendor ID-->0x | <!--Product ID-->0x | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|Bluetooth usb-c dongle, inbuilt lithium battery}} |- | <!--Brand--> | <!--Description--> | <!--Model--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> {{N/A|untested}} |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Brand | Description | Model | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Opinion--> |- | <!--Brand-->Maxxter | <!--Description-->Wireless | <!--Model--> | <!--Vendor ID-->248a:8566 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> {{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Brand-->Maxxter | <!--Description-->Wireless | <!--Model--> | <!--Vendor ID-->248a:8518 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> {{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Brand-->OrzerHome Maxxter | <!--Description-->Wireless | <!--Model--> | <!--Vendor ID-->248a:8514 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> {{N/A|untested 1 aa with no on/off switch }} |- | <!--Brand--> | <!--Description--> | <!--Model--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> {{N/A|untested}} |- | Microsoft | Wheel Mouse optical | <!--Model--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | {{N/A|untested}} |- | Microsoft | Sidewinder Mouse | <!--Model--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | {{N/A|untested}} |- | Microsoft | IntelliMouse Explorer USB optical | <!--Model--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | {{N/A|untested}} |- | Microsoft | Wireless Optical Mouse 2000 | | 0x045E | 0x00F9 | | {{no|not working see keyboard Media Desktop 2000 above}} |- | <!--Brand-->Microsoft | <!--Description--> | <!--Model-->1461 1447 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> {{No|usb dongle matched to one mouse only no others}} |- | <!--Brand--> | <!--Description--> | <!--Model--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> {{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Brand--> | <!--Description--> | <!--Model--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> {{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Brand-->Razer | <!--Description-->USB optical | <!--Model-->Orochi | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> {{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Brand-->Razer | <!--Description-->USB optical | <!--Model-->Mamba | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> {{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Brand-->Razer | <!--Description-->USB optical | <!--Model-->Naga | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> {{N/A|untested}} 17 buttons |- | <!--Brand-->Razer | <!--Description-->USB Optical | <!--Model-->Naga Hex V2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> {{N/A|untested}} MOBA Gaming Mouse, Professional Grade 16,000 DPI Sensor - RGB lighting |- | <!--Brand-->Razer | <!--Description-->USB optical | <!--Model-->DeathAdder | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> {{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Brand-->Razer | <!--Description-->USB optical | <!--Model-->Viper | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> {{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Brand-->Razer | <!--Description-->USB optical | <!--Model-->Basilisk V3 Pro | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> {{N/A|untested 1k polling, 35k dpi, }} |- | <!--Brand--> | <!--Description--> | <!--Model--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> {{N/A|untested}} |- | Trust | Slimline Lasermouse | <!--Model--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | {{N/A|untested}} |- | SteelSeries | Tobii EyeX EyeMobile PCEye | Eye Tracking Control | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | {{N/A|untested}} gaze interaction track technology for augment augmentative and alternative communication (AAC). |- | <!--Brand--> | <!--Description--> | <!--Model--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> {{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Brand-->The Eye Tribe Tracker | <!--Description-->Eye | <!--Model--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> {{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Brand--> | <!--Description-->USB Optical Mouse | <!--Model-->MV3000 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x192f | <!--Product ID-->0x0916 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{yes|works}} |- | <!--Brand--> | <!--Description--> | <!--Model--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> {{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Brand--> | <!--Description--> | <!--Model--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> {{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Brand--> | <!--Description--> | <!--Model--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> {{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Brand--> | <!--Description--> | <!--Model--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> {{N/A|untested}} |} === Trackball === {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | <!--Description-->3Dconnexion SpaceBall 5000 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | {{N/A|untested}} Labtec designed and rolled into new company 3dconnexion 2001 by owners Logitech |- | <!--Description-->ACCO Kensington Orbit optical F1233A | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Kensington Turbo Mouse 64210 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Clearly Superior Technologies. Model:CST 1000-RC | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Logitech Trackman Marble Mouse Wired USB | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Logitech Cordless Trackman Wheel | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Logitech Optical Trackman T-RB22 - Cordless | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Logitech M570 wireless | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Microsoft Trackball Mouse Optical 1.0 USB | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Microsoft X05-87473 Trackball USB Optical | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- |} === KVM === {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->NanoKVM | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- |} === Gamepad === Controllers have mostly decided that the left analog joystick is keyboard equivalent of WASD and right joystick is your mouse. You also have 2 bumpers above the triggers. Shoot could be right trigger (so it doesn't involve taking your thumb off the right joystick). Face buttons for reloading or jump or other non-critical functions. Crank up the sensitivity and practice. Testing can be done with the TRIDENT Prefs, [https://devicetests.com/controller-tester html5], [https://greggman.github.io/html5-gamepad-test/ html5], or [https://gamepad-tester.com/ Tester] ==== Dinput Poseidon Default Plugin - Playstation(TM) style ==== {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="35%" |Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="5%" |Product ID ! width="5%" |Revision ! width="10%" |Merge with USB on Digital Pad ! width="10%" |Analogue Hack with Analog Stick ! width="30%" |Opinion |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Betop Betong Bat D2E BTP-BD2E XD4D2E | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Gravis Eliminator Gamepad Pro USB | <!--Vendor ID-->047d | <!--Product ID-->4005 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{N/A}} | <!--Opinion-->2002 2d only |- | Hama Black Force USB Gamepad | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad-->{{Maybe| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{Maybe| }} | <!--Opinion-->2003 psx clone look |- | <!--Description-->Jess Tech Game Elements Philips GGE909 PC Recoil Pad | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Merge with USB on Digital Pad | Analogue Hack with Analog Stick | Opinion |- | [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TCbAmIhj6P4 Logitech Wingman Precision USB] G-UC3B | <!--Vendor ID-->0x046d | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad-->{{Yes| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{N/A| }} | <!--Opinion-->2002 no 3D but good for 2D retro games like Turrican II |- | <!--Description-->Logitech Wingman Action Pad G-UB3A | <!--Vendor ID-->0x046d | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad-->{{Yes| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{Maybe|untested }} | <!--Opinion-->2002 1 blue lucid translucent - thin analog stick N64 type - |- | <!--Description-->Logitech Wingman RumblePad UB05B | <!--Vendor ID-->0x046d | <!--Product ID-->0xc20a | 1.12 | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad-->{{Maybe| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{Maybe| }} | <!--Opinion-->2000 twin blue analogue sticks N64 type - poor 2d controls with single molded blue piece - vibration feedback - single shoulder buttons with throttle control below right one |- | <!--Description-->Logitech Wingman Cordless RumblePad G-RA4A | <!--Vendor ID-->0x046d | <!--Product ID-->0xc211 | 1.12 | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad-->{{Yes| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{Maybe|untested }} | <!--Opinion-->2001 twin blue analogue sticks N64 type - poor 2d controls with single molded black piece - vibration feedback - dual shoulder buttons L1 L2 R1 R2 with blue throttle control below right one - 4 aa mn1500 batteries; life not great - C-UD10A usb dongle - overall big and bulky |- | <!--Description-->Logitech Precision Wired G-UG15 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x046d | <!--Product ID-->0x | <!--Revision-->0x | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad-->{{Maybe| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{N/A|N/A}} | <!--Opinion-->2002 psx styling blue outer shell - no 3D analog and no shoulder buttons - no rumble |- | <!--Description-->Logitech Cordless Precision G-X2E14A | <!--Vendor ID-->0x046d | <!--Product ID-->0x | <!--Revision-->0x | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{N/A|N/A}} | <!--Opinion-->2002 ps2 styling blue outer shell - no 3D analog and no shoulder buttons - no rumble |- | <!--Description-->Logitech G-X5C11A Cordless Precision Wireless Controllers | <!--Vendor ID-->0x046d | <!--Product ID-->0x | <!--Revision-->0x | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{N/A|N/A}} | <!--Opinion-->2002 psx styling black outer shell - no 3D analog and no shoulder buttons - no rumble |- | <!--Description-->[http://www.testfreaks.co.uk/game-console-accessories-controls/logitech-dual-actiontm-gamepad/ Logitech Dual Action] * G-UD8 has no mode (2D only?) button and no rumble * G-UF13A later | <!--Vendor ID-->0x046d | <!--Product ID-->0x | <!--Revision-->0xc2 | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad-->{{Yes| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{Yes|[http://www.morphzone.org/modules/newbb_plus/viewtopic.php?topic_id=7018&forum=12 G-UF13A tested only]}} | <!--Opinion-->2003 New body shape psx style - dual analog 3D sticks - 4 small travel shoulder triggers no 5,6,7,8 |- | <!--Description-->Logitech RumblePad 2 G-UF13 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x046d | <!--Product ID-->0xc218 | <!--Revision-->1.00 | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad-->{{Yes| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{Yes| }} | <!--Opinion-->2006 usb wired light blue top/black base - twin analogues 3D along with dual short travel shoulder buttons - rumble present - |- | <!--Description-->Logitech RumblePad 2 Cordless * G-RC?? OLD version that take FOUR batteries and RED Logitech logo * G-RC14 uses TWO batteries has an ORANGE logo - dongle C-UE10 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x046d | <!--Product ID-->0xc219 | <!--Revision-->0x0200 | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad-->{{Maybe| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{Maybe| }} | <!--Opinion-->2008 wireless may have to remove 1 battery - G-RC?? 5 + 7 buttons - G-RC14 use buttons 6 + 8 to reset sticks - replace battery and push large button on receiver - |- | <!--Description-->Logitech F310 Wired Dual Action G-U0001 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x046d | <!--Product ID-->0xc21 | <!--Revision-->0x | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad-->{{Yes| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{Yes|D mode switch}} | <!--Opinion-->2010 best option for old usb wired style dual analog 3D with pc-xbox/psx switch on back (only D works) - both rear shoulder RT LT buttons have excess travel - no rumble vibration - |- | <!--Description-->Logitech F510 Wired G-UG0002 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x046d | <!--Product ID-->0xc21 | <!--Revision-->0x | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad-->{{Maybe| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{Maybe| }} | <!--Opinion-->2010 dual analog with dual xbox pc/psx X/D switched compatibility modes - |- | Logitech F710 Wireless / Cordless RumblePad 2 G-R0001 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x046d | <!--Product ID-->0xc219 | <!--Revision-->3.05 | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad-->{{Maybe|Mouse only not joypad}} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{Maybe| }} | <!--Opinion-->2011 When switch on top set to D and nano receiver for each controller to pair - 2 aa mn1500 batteries required - rumble support sometimes - rear back shoulder buttons excessive travel needed - does have rubber backing that becomes sticky - |- |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Merge with USB on Digital Pad | Analogue Hack with Analog Stick | Opinion |- | <!--Description-->Megaworld 'TIME' USB pad | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0735 | <!--Product ID-->0x9902 | <!--Revision-->Low 0100 | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad-->{{Yes| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{No |}} | <!--Opinion-->2000 Poor quality |- | <!--Description-->Microsoft * SideWinder Precision Pro USB (1997) * SideWinder Precision 2 (1998) * Game Pad Pro (1999) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Microsoft Sidewinder Game Pad USB | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad-->{{maybe| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{maybe| }} | <!--Opinion--> possible setup first |- | <!--Description-->Microsoft Sidewinder Gamepad X04 Freestyle | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad-->{{Maybe| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{N/A}} | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} 1998 might need USB adapter |- | <!--Description-->Microsoft Sidewinder X05 63895 92626 Flight stick | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad-->{{Yes| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->{{Yes|2000 [https://ae.amigalife.org/index.php?topic=929.msg11309#new tested]}} |- | <!--Description-->Microsoft Sidewinder Flight Stick X08-58736 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Microsoft Plug & Play Game Pad (2000) SideWinder Joystick (2000) Game Pad 2.0 (2001) SideWinder Force Feedback 2 (2002) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->2002 long-standing static buildup problem and Force Feedback 2 was the removal of the power brick |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | Saitek [http://www.testfreaks.co.uk/game-console-accessories-controls/saitek-ps1000/ PS1000 Cyborg V.1], [http://www.testfreaks.co.uk/game-console-accessories-controls/saitek-ps2700-rumble-pad/ PS2700] | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad-->{{Yes| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->2000 no rumble function |- | Saitek [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xG0v-hf6ZPA P2600] [http://compactiongames.about.com/od/hardware/tp/gamepads.htm P3600], | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad-->{{Yes| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->2000 no rumble function |- | Saitek P2900 wireless | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->2002 runs on 1 AA battery |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Merge with USB on Digital Pad | Analogue Hack with Analog Stick | Opinion |- | <!--Description-->Sony Batoh PS3 mini USB Wired hookup [http://ps3.jim.sh/sixaxis/usb/ SIXAXIS] *PCB Ribbon Notes *Protos ALPS MSU Rev3 M3 and the later CBEH-1019 *? SA1Q135A for sixaxis *PP4 *V2 *V25 *VX SA1Q146A first dualshock 3 model *VX SA1Q147A CECHZC2U (USA) *VX35 SA1Q159A *VX3 SA1Q160A *VX? SA1Q188A *VX4 SA1Q189A shipped with a CECH-2504 datecode 0C *VX5 SA1Q194A changed design ALPS, PS button changes *VX6 SA1Q195A red case, *VX7 SA1Q222A superslims 2 ribbons *VX8 SA1Q224A superslims 2 ribbons | <!--Vendor ID-->0x054c | <!--Product ID-->0x0268 | <!--Revision-->1.00 | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad-->{{No|}} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{No|}} | <!--Opinion-->Sometimes detected but no support - no sixaxis features detected - mini usb lead will have varying results - |- | <!--Description-->Sony PS4 *JDM JDS 001 010 011 *JDM 030 040 055 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Sony PS5 Dual Sense | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Speed Link Strike 2 FX | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Thrustmaster Firestorm Dual Power 2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad-->{{Yes| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{Yes|[http://www.morphzone.org/modules/newbb_plus/viewtopic.php?topic_id=7018&forum=12 only 1 axis joystick only]}} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Trust Predator GM-1500 GM-1520 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Merge with USB on Digital Pad | Analogue Hack with Analog Stick | Opinion |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Haute42 M series Aluminum Metal Joystick Hitbox Controller Arcade Fighting Stick | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Haute42 T series | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Haute42 G series Gamefinger G12 G13 G16 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> plastic - |- | <!--Description-->Haute42 S series | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> thinner and lighter than G series |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Mad Catz sf2 fightstick | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Mayflash Datel Paewang Arcade Pro Stick | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Mayflash F300 Fighting Stick | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Mayflash F500 Fighting Stick | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Pico Flatbox GP2040-CE Hot Swappable Mini Hitbox Keyboard | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> default it is configured for PS4 but before plugging usbc cable in, X for Dinput, B Xinput, RT HID - plastic build case - Rev4 based on RP2040 chip and firmware is based on GP2040-CE (Community Edition) - |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Shenzhen Onebitdo Tech 8bitdo Fighting stick | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Venom 8 button | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- |} ==== Xinput Xbox Style Plugin ==== 2018 extension added originally called AROSx but later redacted. Latest [https://github.com/medusalix/xone linux driver] might be useful. {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="35%" |Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="5%" |Product ID ! width="5%" |Revision ! width="10%" |Merge with USB on Digital Pad ! width="10%" |Analogue Hack with Analog Stick ! width="30%" |Opinion |- | <!--Description-->8bitdo Ultimate C Wired 82CB (Shenzhen ONEBITDO TECH - GWOWO) | <!--Vendor ID-->0x2dc8 | <!--Product ID-->0x3106 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->2022 - 4 t6 torx screws - non hall effect so drifting issues - triggers go faulty often - |- | <!--Description-->8bitdo Ultimate 2C Wired Controller 82CD | <!--Vendor ID-->0x2dc8 | <!--Product ID-->0x310A | <!--Revision-->0114 | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->2024 - HID keyboard assigned - 4 t6 torx screws - hall effect analogs and triggers - 1000Hz polling - |- | <!--Description-->8bitdo Ultimate 2C wireless | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->2024 - 400mw battery - hall effect 3d nubs and triggers - micro switch shoulder buttons - d-pad poor for retro games - |- | <!--Description-->8bitdo ULtimate Mini Wired Controller for Xbox | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->2024 hall effect |- | <!--Description-->8BitDo Pro 2 *Wired Controller *Wireless *Bluetooth | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->2024 hall effect - playstation style layout for pc - slide button for S-A-D-X switch, android, dinput or xinput - |- | <!--Description-->8BitDo Pro 2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->2025 tmr hall effect analogs, hall effect triggers and some microswitches - button swap - ps2 style layout - |- | <!--Description-->8bitdo Ultimate 3 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->2026 - mw battery - hall effect 3d nubs and triggers - micro switch shoulder buttons - d-pad for retro games - |- | <!--Description-->8BitDo Pro 3 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->2026 hall effect analogs, hall effect triggers and some microswitches - button swap - ps2 style layout - |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Ace Aurora | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->2025 hall effect joysticks with no deadzone mode, gyro, linear rumble, trigger stops, back paddles, button swap, macro, turbo, RGB LED effects - tri-mode connection - |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Betop Beitong Spartan BTP-2270U | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion--> no hall effect |- | <!--Description-->Betop Betong Asura 2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion--> no hall effect - noble linear trigger potentiometer and alps shoulder LB/RB micro switch |- | <!--Description-->BEITONG ASURA 2 Pro+ Game Controller Wireless Gamepad | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Beitong Zeus 2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->BebonCool Dinofire Model Number: Q218 / TP28 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->2021 - triggers aren't progressive but ON/OFF - |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->EasySMX X05 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->2024 hall effect analog and triggers - tri mode connection - |- | <!--Description-->EasySMX Wireless Controller PC PS3, 9013pro ESM-9013PRO | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->2024 linear hall effect but device sometimes will not connect tried multiple attempts with the dongle |- | <!--Description-->EasySMX X10 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->EasySMX X20 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->2024 ABXY MICRO SWITCH - Bumpers Tactile switch Hall Effect analog |- | <!--Description-->EasySMX X15 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->2025 hall effect analog and triggers - membrane buttons - |- | <!--Description-->EasySMX S10 Wireless Gamepad | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->2025 TMR Hall effect and compatible with Switch 2/PC/Phone/TV/Steam, NFC, Gyro, HD Rumble - |- | <!--Description-->EasySMX | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->202 |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Fantech World EOS Pro WGP15 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->2024 hall effect trigger and sticks,2 back paddles, motion controlling |- | <!--Description-->Fantech EOS PRO II S | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->2025 controller with TMR hall effect analogues, mechanical face buttons and D-pad, 63 input macro, back paddles, turbo - analog triggers with trigger stops - tri mode bt wifi and wired - slide switch on back for switch, macos/android and xinput - |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Flydigi Apex | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->2023 luxury model |- | <!--Description-->Flydigi Vader Pro 3 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->2023 the Pro(Hall Effects) and Non-Pro (No Hall) |- | <!--Description-->Flydigi Direwolf 2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->2023 hall effect sticks and triggers - poor wifi connection - |- | <!--Description-->Flydigi Apex 4 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->2024 luxury model |- | <!--Description-->Flydigi Vader 4 Pro | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->2024 - hall effect, DInput mode (o+A hold) - |- | <!--Description-->Flydigi Direwolf 3 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->2024 hall effect analog and triggers but membrane buttons with gold contacts - 800mhA battery - |- | <!--Description-->Flydigi Dunefox | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->2024 basic model hall effect analog and triggers but membrane buttons - 500mha battery - no gyros - |- | <!--Description-->Flydigi Vader 5 Pro | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->2025 - hall effect stick with tension control, linear triggers, DInput mode (o+A hold) - |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Gamesir T4K Keleid, T4C Cyclone wired | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->2023 poor to ok switch |- | <!--Description-->Gamesir Nova | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad-->{{no|| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{no| }} | <!--Opinion-->2024 - switch type layout |- | <!--Description-->Guangzhou Chicken Run Network Tech Nova Lite GameSir-T4n LITE - Zikway HID gamepad *[https://www.reddit.com/r/Gamesir/comments/1c185ve/psa_keep_gamesir_nova_lite_t4n_lite_firmware_at/ fw 4200 seems to be xbox so B then Home for Xinput (green LED), A then Home for HID BT Android (green/yellow LED), Y then Home for Switch Pro (Red LED)] or X then Home for Wifi and start and select to alternatively swap modes * and if on [https://www.reddit.com/r/Gamesir/comments/1c185ve/psa_keep_gamesir_nova_lite_t4n_lite_firmware_at/ fw 5700 ds4 so Home + B (blue LED), ] * firmware 6900 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x3537 | <!--Product ID-->0x1040 0x1041 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad-->{{no| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{no| }} | <!--Opinion-->2024 - hall effect 3d nubs - no usb-c cable - rubber membrane analog trigger travel and bumpers shoulder buttons - wifi 2.4G and bluetooth - xbox layout so ab and xy might need to be swapped via m and a buttons for switch type [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=po-nNuC5fps fixes video] - 250Hz polling - 600mah battery - rigid carry case - poor d-pad esp diagonals - gamesir settings software only on android 6+ or ios based only - |- | <!--Description-->Gamesir Nova 2 Lite | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->GameSir G7 SE Wired Controller | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->2024 hall effect |- | <!--Description-->GameSir G8 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Gamesir TEGENARIA T3 Lite Wired | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->2024 playstation aesthetic hall effect analog and membrane buttons - X+Home button connects as an Xbox controller |- | <!--Description-->GameSir Cyclone 2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->2024 TMR Joysticks with anti-friction rings and metal anti-friction rings around the stems, gyro, rumble, macro, turbo, 2 back paddles, hall analog triggers with micro-switch trigger - tri mode bluetooth, 2.4GHz wifi and wired, 1000hz polling rate - gamesir connect software - |- | <!--Description-->GameSir G7 Pro for Xbox | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->2024 TMR hall effect - hall effect triggers, tri mode connection - gamesir nexus software - |- | <!--Description-->GameSir Super Nova Pro | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->2026 hall effect sticks and triggers, 1000Hz polling, tri mode connectivity, |- | <!--Description-->GameSir | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->GameSir | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->GameSir | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->GuliKit | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->GuliKit KingKong 2 NS08 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->Electromagnetic Stick hall effect - hall linear triggers - Mechanical face buttons - wired and wireless - Built-in rechargeable lithium battery |- | <!--Description-->GuliKit KingKong 2 PRO NS09 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->hall efect - wired and wireless - Mechanical face buttons - Built-in rechargeable lithium battery |- | <!--Description-->GuliKit KingKong MAX 3 KK3 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->hall effect - wired and wireless - lithium battery - |- | <!--Description-->Gulikit KK3 Max USB-c Bluetooth Controller | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->2024 Hall Joysticks and Triggers, Maglev/Rotor/HD Vibration, 1000Hz Polling Rate, 4 Back Buttons, |- | <!--Description-->GuliKit KK3 PRO | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->2024 smaller version of KK3 MAX - hall effect analog and triggers, face buttons , maglev rumble, gyro, 4 back paddles - rigid case - 950mAh up to 8 hrs - |- | <!--Description-->GuliKit | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Hyperkin | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Hori EX2 Turbo UHX3-45 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Machenike G1 Pro | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->2024 Wireless Gaming Controller with 1K Polling Rate Hall Effect Trigger Joystick For Nintendo Switch PC iOS Android |- | <!--Description-->Machenike G5 Pro Wireless Gaming Controller | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->2024 ABXY Switch Membrane, Bumpers Tactile switch and hall effect analog |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->microsoft sidewinder precision pro | <!--Vendor ID-->0x045E | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | [https://pineight.com/mw/index.php?title=USB_game_controllers Xbox 360 Wired Controller] | 0x045e | 0x028e | 0x | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad-->{{No|needs specific driver and has poor 2D control pad}} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | Microsoft (R) [https://blog.tkjelectronics.dk/2012/12/xbox-360-receiver-added-to-the-usb-host-library/ Xbox 360] (TM) Wireless Receiver for Windows(R) Model 1086 and Controller | 0x045e | 0x0719, 0x or 0x0291 | 0x0100 | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->{{No|separate standalone usb dongle detected and shows as 8 vendor interfaces but no class associated and so not working - may need new class from code from xpad or xboxdrv to work the controllor}} |- | <!--Description-->Xbox 360 Kinect [http://hackaday.com/2010/11/10/kinect-open-source-driver-demo-and-hacking/ Video] [http://git.marcansoft.com/?p=libfreenect.git;a=commit;h=7655fcf7239ba4907654089dba535a196685dbe5 GIT] | <!--Vendor ID-->0x045E | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->2007 proprietary 2.4GHz RF protocol, |- | <!--Description-->Xbox One Wired Controller | <!--Vendor ID-->0x045E | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad-->{{no| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{no| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Xbox One wireless controller newer model with the 3.5mm headphone jack 1537 1697 and microsoft adapter | <!--Vendor ID-->0x045E | <!--Product ID-->0x02d1 or 0x02dd | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{no| }} | <!--Opinion-->2014 |- | <!--Description-->Microsoft Elite Series 1 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x045E | <!--Product ID-->0x02e3 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad-->{{no| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{no| }} | <!--Opinion-->2016 ok - |- | <!--Description-->Xbox later models 1708+ Xbox One and Series use 5GHz and use Bluetooth, | <!--Vendor ID-->0x045E | <!--Product ID-->0x02e0 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad-->{{no| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{no| }} | <!--Opinion-->2017 |- | <!--Description-->Xbox One S | <!--Vendor ID-->0x045E | <!--Product ID-->0x02ea 0x02fd | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad-->{{no| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{no| }} | <!--Opinion-->2019 |- | <!--Description-->Microsoft Elite Series 2 Core | <!--Vendor ID-->0x045E | <!--Product ID-->0x02ff | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad-->{{no| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{no| }} | <!--Opinion-->2022 ok - no hall - 125Hz polling - |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Minisform MGP01 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->2024 |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->MOBAPAD N1HD | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->2024 has liquid silicone face buttons, hall effect analog, D-Pad swap, two back paddles, USB-A dongle, HD Rumble - |- | <!--Description-->Mobapad Huben 2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->2025 |- | <!--Description-->Mobapad | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->BIGBIG WON Gale 墨将 mòjiāng | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->BIGBIG WON Blitz PRO 2 TMR | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->BIGBIG WON now MOJHON AETHER | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->2025 hall effect joysticks, hall effect triggers, mechanical bumpers, 1000hz polling rate, mechanical D-pad, membrane face buttons, mechanical back paddles, rumble, deadzone issues - tri mode |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->MSI FORCE GC20 GC30 V2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->2021 not hall effect |- | <!--Description-->MSI | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Mytrix Pro | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->2024 |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->NACON GC-100XF Controller | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->2024 average |- | <!--Description-->PXN P5 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->2024 hall effect joysticks & triggers, limited trigger stops, 1000hz polling rate on wired, 4 back paddles, 32 macro record, anti-deadzone mode, RAW mode, gyro, turbo, tri-mode connection - |- | <!--Description-->PXN P50L | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->PowerA | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->QRD Stellar T5 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->QRD Junior E5 Mini | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->QRD | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Razer Wolverine V3 Pro | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->2024 hall |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->RetroFlag | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Speedlink XEOX Pro Analog Wireless | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->enclosed lithium battery? - xbox layout - switchable on back of controller to directinput (dinput) or xinput - USB dongle switchable to pc and ps3 |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->SCUF Instinct Pro | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->2022 good |- | <!--Description-->SCUF Envision Pro | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->2023 good |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Steel Series Stratus Duo XL | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->usb adapter needed |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->[https://inputlabs.io/Inputlabs InputLabs Alpakka Open Source and build yourself] | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->DIY it with 3d printer, pcb and components - pi pico needed - 2 gyros for better accuracy - |- | <!--Description-->[https://inputlabs.io/kapybara Inputlabs kapybara] | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->DIY one handed version wip |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Vilcorn Z03 BT Wireless | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->2024 - other Bluetooth modes (green, red, blue, purple, etc.) Select + M1 (or M2) - 400mAh - not great latency wired - 800mhz polling - |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->zd ultimate legend | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->zd 0+ elite | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->2024 |- | <!--Description-->zd 0+excellent | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->2024 |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- |} <pre> #ifndef AROSX_LIBRARY_H #define AROSX_LIBRARY_H #include <exec/types.h> #define AROSX_CONTROLLER_TYPE_UNKNOWN 0x00 #define AROSX_CONTROLLER_TYPE_GAMEPAD 0x01 #define AROSX_GAMEPAD_DPAD_UP 0x0001 #define AROSX_GAMEPAD_DPAD_DOWN 0x0002 #define AROSX_GAMEPAD_DPAD_LEFT 0x0004 #define AROSX_GAMEPAD_DPAD_RIGHT 0x0008 #define AROSX_GAMEPAD_START 0x0010 #define AROSX_GAMEPAD_BACK 0x0020 #define AROSX_GAMEPAD_LEFT_THUMB 0x0040 #define AROSX_GAMEPAD_RIGHT_THUMB 0x0080 #define AROSX_GAMEPAD_LEFT_SHOULDER 0x0100 #define AROSX_GAMEPAD_RIGHT_SHOULDER 0x0200 #define AROSX_GAMEPAD_A 0x1000 #define AROSX_GAMEPAD_B 0x2000 #define AROSX_GAMEPAD_X 0x4000 #define AROSX_GAMEPAD_Y 0x8000 struct AROSX_GAMEPAD { ULONG Timestamp; UWORD Buttons; UBYTE LeftTrigger; UBYTE RightTrigger; WORD ThumbLX; WORD ThumbLY; WORD ThumbRX; WORD ThumbRY; }; #define AROSX_EHMB_CONNECT 0x00 #define AROSX_EHMB_DISCONNECT 0x01 #define AROSX_EHMF_CONNECT (1L<<AROSX_EHMB_CONNECT) #define AROSX_EHMF_DISCONNECT (1L<<AROSX_EHMB_DISCONNECT) struct AROSX_EventHook { struct Node eh_Node; struct MsgPort *eh_MsgPort; ULONG eh_MsgMask; }; struct AROSX_EventNote { struct Message en_Msg; ULONG en_Event; APTR en_Param1; APTR en_Param2; }; #endif /* AROSX_LIBRARY_H */ </pre> === Joystick === {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="10%" |Merge with USB on Digital Pad ! width="10%" |Analogue Hack with Analog Stick ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->CH Products CombatStick 568 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Cyborg X | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Logitech Extreme 3D | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | [Logitech Attack 3 Joystick] | 0x0464 | 0xC214 | 0205 | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | {{yes|works}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->saitek X-52 x52 pro | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->saitek aviator | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | Speedlink Competition Pro USB | | | | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | {{maybe|works but games not working "out of the box"}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Trust Predator QZ 501 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{yes|works}} |- | <!--Description-->Trust Predator TH 400 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{yes|works}} |- | <!--Description-->Trust Predator GM-2500 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{yes|works}} |- | <!--Description-->Trust XK 100 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- |} ===[https://github.com/JacKeTUs/linux-steering-wheels Gaming Racing Steering Wheels]=== {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="25%" |Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="5%" |Product ID ! width="5%" |Revision ! width="10%" |Merge with USB on Digital Pad ! width="10%" |Analogue Hack with Analog Stick ! width="40%" |Opinion |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> [https://www.usb.org/sites/default/files/documents/pid1_01.pdf USB PID standard not supported], |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Cammus C5 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Fanatec CSL Elite | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->PS4 and Xbox - belt driven wheel - 30cm wheel swapping |- | <!--Description-->Fanatec Club Sport | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> top belt $600 £500 system |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->FFBeast | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Merge with USB on Digital Pad | Analogue Hack with Analog Stick | Opinion |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Genius TRIO RACER F1 Racing Wheel | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->Cheap and cheerful but not great - may need calibrating |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Hama PC Racing Wheel Thunder V18 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->Average |- | <!--Description-->Hori Racing Wheel 3 with pedals | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->PS3 PC |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Logic3 PXU450 TopDrive GT450 Steering Wheel for PS3, PS4, XBox One and PC | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Merge with USB on Digital Pad | Analogue Hack with Analog Stick | Opinion |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Logitech MOMO | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->Very good |- | <!--Description-->Logitech Driving Force GT | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Logitech Drive Force Pro DFP | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> wheel 900 degree - weighs in at 15&nbsp;lbs |- | <!--Description-->Logitech Formula Force EX | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->200 degrees turn for the EX model is arcade-like driving - adds PS3 compatibility via the PSx/2 adaptor - weighs in at 9&nbsp;lbs |- | <!--Description-->Logitech G25 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> - needs external psu - |- | <!--Description-->Logitech G27 PC/PS3 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> comes with gear shifter - needs external psu - |- | <!--Description-->Logitech G29 PC PS3/PS4 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> may need additional shifter - gear 900deg wheel / rumble - 3 peddle - needs external psu - |- | <!--Description-->Logitech G920 PC XboxOne | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> may need additional shifter - gear 900deg wheel / rumble - 3 peddle - needs external psu - |- | <!--Description-->Logitech G923 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Microsoft(R) SideWinder Precision Racing Wheel (1999) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Moza R3 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x346E | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Moza R5 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x346E | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Moza R9 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x346E | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Moza R12 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x346E | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->[https://github.com/Ultrawipf/OpenFFBoard OpenFFBoard], | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->PXN V10 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->PXN V12 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->PXN V12 Lite | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Merge with USB on Digital Pad | Analogue Hack with Analog Stick | Opinion |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Simagic M10 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> base direct drive $900 £800 |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Simplicity Simwheel | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> direct |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Simucube | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Simucube | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Simucube | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Simxperience Accuforce V2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->SPEEDLINK Drift O.Z. Racing Wheel with Pedals and Gear Stick | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->SteelSeries Simraceway SRW-S1 Steering Wheel (PC) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Merge with USB on Digital Pad | Analogue Hack with Analog Stick | Opinion |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Thrustmaster Nascar Pro | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Thrustmaster Ferrari Challenge Wheel | <!--Vendor ID-->0x044f | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> Poor |- | <!--Description-->Thrustmaster Ferrari FGT Rumble GT Experience 3-in-1 (PC/PS3) | <!--Vendor ID-->0x044f | <!--Product ID-->b658 | <!--Revision-->0102 | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad-->{{Yes|Wheel and all buttons detected}} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{Maybe|}} | <!--Opinion-->Not great - gear driven 240deg wheel rotation - no psu needed - 2 peddle - flappy gear change - rumble untested - red switch for PC PS3 selection |- | <!--Description-->Thrustmaster F430 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x044f | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Thrustmaster T500 RS Wheel | <!--Vendor ID-->0x044f | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> belt driven wheel/rumble for GT5 |- | <!--Description-->Thrustmaster T60 Challenge | <!--Vendor ID-->0x044f | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Thrustmaster T150 Wheel | <!--Vendor ID-->0x044f | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> gear / belt combo wheel / rumble - 2 peddle |- | <!--Description-->Thrustmaster TMX Pro PC/XboxOne | <!--Vendor ID-->0x044f | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion--> direct drive rumble - no manual gear shift included |- | <!--Description-->Thrustmaster T80 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x044f | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->Base level and OK - PS4 - 270deg rumble - 2 peddle |- | <!--Description-->Thrustmaster T300 RS GT | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->PS3 PS4 - belt driven - 900deg rotation and modular 28cm wheel out - 2 peddles but 3 available |- | <!--Description-->Thrustmaster TX Leather | <!--Vendor ID-->0x044f | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->TX Xbox version - 900deg rotation |- | <!--Description-->Thrustermaster TS PC | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->PC only belt wheel |- | <!--Description--> TS XW Racer PC Xbox1 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> top belt system |- | <!--Description-->Thrustmaster T-GT | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->PS4 $700 £600 with T-DFB |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Merge with USB on Digital Pad | Analogue Hack with Analog Stick | Opinion |- | <!--Description-->Tracer Zonda Racing Steering Wheel PC PS3 Vibration Feedback Pedals Gearbox | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- |} ===Gamepad Joypad Adapters=== * Most adapters will work in most OS's without installing a driver. Special functions needing drivers will be noted. * Some adapters do not work with some [http://www.stepmania.com/wiki/Dance_Pads dance pads] because of voltage issues. Other adapters map the dancemat arrows as axes and not as buttons, causing problems. * If using an adapters should be compatible with '''original''' PlayStation PS/Xbox Xbox/GameCube GC /Dreamcast DC/Sega Saturn SS gamepads. {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="35%" |Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="5%" |Product ID ! width="5%" |Revision ! width="10%" |Merge with USB on Digital Pad ! width="10%" |Analogue Hack with Analog Stick ! width="30%" |Opinion |- | <!--Description-->[http://www.maplin.co.uk/psx-usb-bridge-34887?tabid=3&worldid=&doy=21m9&faqitem=playstation%20controller%20to%20pc%20adaptor Maplin] [http://www.rockfire.com.tw/ Padix Co. Ltd. Rockfire] PX-205 PSX/USB Bridge | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0583 | <!--Product ID-->0x2050 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad-->{{Yes}} but buttons mapped different from others | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{Maybe|poor}} | <!--Opinion-->Ok with dpads, but very poor support with analogue hack |- | Boom PS Joy Converter adaptor | | | | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad-->{{Yes| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | discontinued (2004/5). Hold Up, Start, and Select for three seconds. Very good [http://www.stepmania.com stepmania] recommendation. |- | [http://www.hkems.com/m_main.htm EMS] [http://www.hkems.com/product/ps2/ps2-usb2.htm USB2] grey plastic box with 2 PSX ports, one on either side - UP and Select pressed for 3 seconds at the same time or the dance code (start+select+up) | | | | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad-->{{Yes|Tests/joystick shows the PS port works in digital mode on d-pad}} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | Set in PC switch mode. Does not work when using 2 pads at the same time, likely higher power requirements. FPSE emu DualShock untested, Mat and Guitar untested but known lag involved |- | Joytech (play.com) (EMS USB2 bad clone) Black box twin PSX | 0x0b43 | 0x0003 | 0x0 | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad-->{{Maybe| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{No|buggy hardware}} | but poor on dance ddr mat and guitar hero as the left and right keys do not like being pressed together, Dual shock untested |- | [ EMS Trio Linker ] 1 PSone connection at bottom | | | | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | 1PSX discontinued 2005 |- | [http://psxemulator.proboards.com/index.cgi?board=support&action=display&thread=421 EMS Trio Linker Plus] (blue box) 1 PSx at bottom | | | | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | 1PSX discontinued |- | Gamtec [http://www.gamestone.co.uk/gradius/guides_usb_smartjoy_guide.php SmartJoy Plus] Lik Sang PS->USB converter Red 2005 | 0x0925 | 0x0005 | Low 0110 | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad-->{{Maybe|detected and digital dpad works with [http://aros-exec.org/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?topic_id=4138&forum=2&post_id=35952#forumpost35952 joystick and testjoystick tests] but the second analog control is not mapping correctly in digital mode}} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{No|Analogue Hack - hardware buggy not useable}} | Dual shock untested, Mat and Guitar untested. Nothing picked up upon plugging it in. Quite common, these items have grounding issues or feed voltage back into the USB host and freeze the host controller, preventing any plugins or removals being detected. |- | Gamtec SmartJoy Plus Dual PS->USB converter Red | 0x0925 | 0x00 | Low | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad-->{{Maybe| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{No|buggy hardware}} | |- | [http://uk.gear.ign.com/articles/700/700334p1.html Lik-Sang Super SmartJoy PSX] | | | | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | 1PSX |- | Soyo Kiki Kiky | | | | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | |- | eXcel PSX adaptor shaped a little like a stealth bomber with USB pass through | | | | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | |- | Venom | | | | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | |- | Dragon Plus (Radio Shack) Pantherlord GreenAsia USB to PS2/PS3 converter single black cable | 0x0e8f | 0x03 | 1.07 | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad-->{{Yes| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{Yes| }} | |- | Deal Extreme 2 PSX black cables from 1 USB port | | | | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | {{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->HDE 2014 Personal Communication Systems Inc | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0810 | <!--Product ID-->0x0001 | <!--Revision-->0106 | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Same as single cable above but with black block midway along cable | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> |- | <!--Description-->TigerGame Ltd Mayflash PC001 Super Joy Box 3 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | TigerGame Ltd Mayflash PC016 Super Joy Box arrowhead triangle twin PSX] Original was lack with RED Leds. Clones Dilong pu203, Blue HDE Neewer ShineData SD-APS2USB, Red Octane and Black PC Power Box (NS3454) '''embossed circle''' on top | 0x0810 | 0x0001 | 1.06 | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad-->{{Yes|Tests/joystick shows one PS port does not work with analog control at all but the other port does and maps correctly in digital mode}} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{Yes|Analogue hack works }} | Still available 2013, poor construction though, falls to pieces easily. Dual Shock untested, Mat and Guitar untested |- | <!--Description-->TigerGame Ltd [http://www.mayflash.com/pc/pc038/pc038-1.htm Mayflash PC038 Super Joy Box Pro triangle twin PSX] | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | TigerGame Limited Mayflash SuperJoy Box 5 PC006 long V-shaped 4 port PS/PS2 Game Controller Adapter | | | | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad-->{{Yes| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | |- | <!--Description-->TigerGame Limited Mayflash SuperJoy Box 5 PRO PC039 PS/PS2 Game Controller Adapter | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Merge with USB on Digital Pad | Analogue Hack with Analog Stick | Opinion |- | Boom PSX+N64 USB converter (purple or blue see through box) (2003/4) - red led for psx and green led for n64 | 0x6666 | 0x0667 | 0x0 | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad-->{{No|not detected by Tests/joystick}} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{No|Analogue hack }} | Rumble Pak untested |- | [http://www.hkems.com/product/ps2/TrioLinkerPlus2.htm EMS Trio Linker Plus II] | | | | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad-->{{Yes| }} [http://aros-exec.org/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?topic_id=4753&forum=24&post_id=43102#forumpost43102 ] | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | 1DC 1GC 1PSX but not for ddr mat games |- | TigerGame Mayflash PC043 clone HuiJia Black twin N64 converter for PC USB | 0x0e8f | 0x3013 | 0x0 | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad-->{{No|detected by Tests/joystick though two digital pads have their settings wrong}} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{Yes|Analogue hack works well with middle handle/grip little joystick}} | Rumble Pack untested |- | TigerGame Mayflash PC MagicBox SuperBox 3 | | | | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | untested 1SS 1DC 1PSX } |- | <!--Description-->Lik Sang SmartJoy X | <!--Vendor ID-->0x045e | <!--Product ID-->0x0285 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->SmartJoy X2 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x045e | <!--Product ID-->0x0289 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | TigerGame Mayflash PC018 Super Joy Box 9 Xbox (NOT 360) | 0x05e3 | 0x060 | | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad-->{{No|shows up as a Genesys Logic Hub}} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{No| }} | does not work. Hub(s) 0x0288 detected but 0x0289 xbox1 joypads are not detected as hid let alone as [http://www.amiga.org/forums/archive/index.php/t-62940.html xpad] or [http://pingus.seul.org/~grumbel/xboxdrv/ linux xboxdrv driver] |- | TigerGame Mayflash PC019 Super Joy Box 10 Xbox Twin ports (NOT 360) | 0x05e3 | 0x060 | | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad-->{{No|shows up as a Genesys Logic Hub}} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{No| }} | does not work with the big Fatty Duke or smaller S Akebono controller(s) |- | TigerGame Ltd Mayflash PC020 Super Joy Box 11 Xbox Quad ports (NOT 360) | 0x05e3 | 0x0604 | | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad-->{{No|shows up as a Genesys Logic Hub}} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{No| }} | |- | <!--Description-->TigerGame Ltd Mayflash PC035 3 in 1 Magic Joy box PS GC Xbox | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->USB to NES [http://wiki.nesdev.com/w/index.php/Standard_controller SPI like protocol] | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Buffalo Classic USB Pad SNES like | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad-->{{Yes| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Mayflash PC044 USB to SNES | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->USB to MEGADRIVE GENESIS Joypad | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->[http://www.retrousb.com/product_info.php?cPath=21&products_id=70 USB to 9 pin ATARI RETROPORT style JOYSTICK PORT] | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad-->{{Yes| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Atari RetroLink 9pin to SB | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->SLS Sega Saturn USB pad | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Mayflash PC050 Dual Saturn ports | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Guitar Hero for PC/Mac | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1430 | <!--Product ID-->0x474C | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad-->{{Yes| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Cronus Max | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->BrookX One | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Mayflash Gamecube to USB | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Mayflash Magic NS | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> WiiU |- | <!--Description-->Brook Converter WiiU P3 P4 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->CooV Xbox One Converter | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- |} * [http://www.bemanistyle.com/forum/f6/best-metal-pad-19066/ Metal dance pads with LEDs] - My My Box Blue Shark (Nexen), Cobalt Flux (CF) (Let's Groove), Red Octane Afterburner, TX-2000, Logic3 (Dance Dance Dance), Gamerose (Stay Cool), * Hard foam mat - [http://www.mayflash.eu/3in1-deluxe-dansmat-ignition-foam-ps2xboxpc-p-5.html Mayflash] FutureMax Deluxe 3 in 1 Ignition, [http://www.gamerose.com/ Gamerose] (Stay Cool), TrinPad orange, * Soft foam mat - Logic3 (PS420N), [http://www.positivegaming.com/index.php?id=36 Positive Gaming Impact], Gamerose Miss Daisys Naki (Stay Cool), Pelican, MadCatz *PS1 PS2 PS3 PS4 flex ribbon big source of button/trigger issues with all controllers *PS2 Phat KSA1Q40A (Board), SA1Q33A (Membrane) SCHP-10010 H *PS2 SA1Q42A SCHP-10010 A *PS2 SA1Q43-A SCHP-10010 H The primary axes are either the Control Pad or the left stick. Buttons come in a rough order: face buttons, then shoulder buttons, then Select and Start, then buttons under sticks, and finally Control Pad directions if not assigned to a hat. But the order and number of buttons within a category are unpredictable, as is which button the user expects to use for each action. {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="10%" | Joypad ! width="5%" | HATS ! width="5%" | Button 01 ! width="5%" | Button 02 ! width="5%" | Button 03 ! width="5%" | Button 04 ! width="5%" | Button 05 ! width="5%" | Button 06 ! width="5%" | Button 07 ! width="5%" | Button 08 ! width="5%" | Button 09 ! width="5%" | Button 10 ! width="5%" | Button 11 ! width="5%" | Button 12 ! width="5%" | Button 13 ! width="5%" | Button 14 ! width="5%" | Axes 1 ! width="5%" | Axes 2 ! width="5%" | Axes 3 ! width="5%" | Axes 4 ! width="5%" | Axes 5 ! width="5%" | Axes 6 ! width="10%" | Comment |- | [https://pineight.com/mw/index.php?title=USB_game_controllers Xbox 360 Wired Controller] | | A (down-green) | B (right-red) | X (left-blue) | Y (up-yellow) | LB (white) | RB (black) | Back | Start | Guide | L3 | R3 | | | | Left X | Left Y | LT | Right X | Right Y | RT | Poor 2D, Good 3D |- | <!--Description-->Gravis GamePad / Original PlayStation Controller | <!--HATS DPAD--> | <!--Button 01-->Red (Sqleft) | Yellow X (X down) | Green O (O right) | Blue (Tri up) | L1 | R1 | L2 | R2 | Select | <!--Button 10-->Start | | | | | <!--Axes 1-->Stick X | Stick Y | | | | | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> PlayStation 2 Older Adapters | <!--HATS DPAD--> | <!--Button 01-->Blue X (down) | Red O (right) | Pink Sq (left) | Green Tri (up) | L1 | R1 | L2 | R2 | Select | <!--Button 10-->Start | Stick 1 | Stick 2 | | | <!--Axes 1--> | | | | | | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> PlayStation 2 Newer Adapters | <!--HATS DPAD--> | <!--Button 01-->Up | Right | Down | Left | L2 | R2 | L1 | R1 | Select | <!--Button 10-->Start | Stick 1 (analogue Hack) | Stick 2 | | | <!--Axes 1--> | | | | | | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> Wish Technologies N64 Adaptoid | <!--HATS DPAD--> | <!--Button 01--> A | C Down | C Right | B | C Left | C Up | L | R | Start | <!--Button 10-->Z | Pad Up | Pad Down | Pad Left | Pad Right | <!--Axes 1-->Stick X | Stick Y | | | | | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--HATS DPAD--> | <!--Button 01--> | | | | | | | | | <!--Button 10--> | | | | | <!--Axes 1--> | | | | | | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--HATS DPAD--> | <!--Button 01--> | | | | | | | | | <!--Button 10--> | | | | | <!--Axes 1--> | | | | | | <!--Opinion--> |- |} Just plug in your digital/analogue joystick or gamepad into USB port. The device will be handled by Poseidon USB stack. Poseidon is the USB stack with Trident adding a GUI (graphical user interface) prefs. the context sensitive page would come up right on pressing the help key inside the relevant window. The manual is in this archive, just in case it isn't in SYS:Locale/Help *How to change joystick mode to analogue? By default a connected USB joystick emulates Amiga digital joystick. To change this behaviour so that the joystick is presented as analogue you need to use Trident preferences application (System:Prefs/Trident). Open Trident and go to Devices on the left hand side (mouse click once on it). Select your controller from the list to the right and then click on Settings button below. This will open a new window. On the "General" tab find the "Lowlevel Library Joypad Emulation" section near the bottom. Find ports which are set to "Merge with USB" or "Override with USB" and change them to "Analogue Hack". Please note that analogue joystick support is an extension of original Amiga functionality, thus an Amiga application must be explicitly written to use it. AROS SDL library uses this functionality, thus all SDL applications that use joystick, can use the analogue joystick feature. The HID class has several options how to handle the input data: * Don't touch: The movement and button data for is not modified by the hid class. This is the default for the ports 0, 2, and 3. * Overwrite with USB: This will kill the original data that might had come from the internal ports and overwrites it with the joypad data for this USB interface. Note well: If you have multiple joypads connected, take care which setting you have selected for each port, because only the last interface with this option will actually send the joypad data to the game. * Merge with USB: This option merges the input data of the lowlevel.library with the USB stream. This only works, if the connected device on the original Amiga ports is NOT a mouse (because then the streams are incompatible). Merging should be the preferred method, because it leaves the original joysticks working. * Disable: Turns off the port for the application. * Analogue Hack: Tells Poseidon to force reporting of analogue data at the port. Please note that this only works with programs that understand the analogue data, because it's an extension to the original lowlevel.library standard made by Commodore. If you want to incorporate this feature in your software, just contact me and I will send you the necessary information. * Rumble Port: As addition to the analogue data, the HID class supports applications and games that want to utilize a rumble pack or force feedback motors in the gamepads. This field selects to which lowlevel port the hid device responds, when attempting to use the rumble pack. Normally, this corresponds to the port that has been set in the actions for the joypad. *How to change joystick port assignment? The low level library supports up to four ports. Port 0 is usually used by the mouse, port 1 is the standard port for joysticks/joypads. By default a connected USB joystick is present in Port 1. To change its location to Port 0 you need to use Trident preferences. Open Trident and go to Devices window. Select your controller from the list and then click on Settings button. This will open a new window. On the "General" tab find the "Lowlevel Library Joypad Emulation" section. Port 1 should be set as either "Merge with USB" or "Override with USB". Change this setting to "Don't touch". Change Port 0 setting to "Merge with USB". Go to "Actions" tab. In the "Reports and collection" select first entry named "Joystick". in the "Usage items" select "X axis". Go to "Performed actions" area. On the left there will be a list of triggers. Each of them should have (port1) in their params. Click on the first trigger and using buttons to the right of the list change port1 into port 0. Repeat this for all triggers and for all items on "Usage items" list. *How to make joystick simulate keyboard keys? With Poseidon it is possible to make the joystick simulate the keyboard pressings. This might enable using joystick for playing games which only have keyboard support. This feature is configured in Trident preferences. Open Trident and go to Devices window. Select your controller from the list and then click on Settings button. This will open a new window. Go to "Actions" tab. On the right top window select X axis. On the left bottom list select an entry "Digital Joystick, Push left(port 1)". On the panel to the right change "Digital joystick" into "Raw Key". A list of keys will be displayed. Select key you wish to send. Repeat the same procedure for "Digital Joystick, Release left (port 1)" option but this time check "Send key up even instead of key down". Open shell and move your joystick to the left - your selected letter should appear in the shell. *Analogue in Trident Prefs * Open the Trident USB Prefs -> Devices -> Select your joypad -> Settings button -> Action TAB * See some "axis" listed under "Usage items" in the top right of the window. They are your analog stick(s) * Check [x] Track Incoming Events which is half way down the window on the left And you should see some axis activity in "Usage items" when you move the analog stick *Actions HID class item -> Settings -> HID Class Window -> Action Tab -> Action handling area Reports and collections -> Usage Items -> Performed actions Qualifier keys are *special*. You don't only need to create the actual keypress but also modify the qualifiers. Go to the keyboard panel and find the windows menu key by enabling key tracking and pressing the windows menu key. Then assign the right amiga key to it. Go to the actions panel and find the right amiga key (it's called "Keyboard right GUI"). Remember the actions stored there, best write them down in exact order. Then delete them. Find the windows menu item and add the missing qualifier action. Be sure the parameters are exactly the same and the order is right. Set them to Raw, then assign an up and down button for each character, etc. when you change the settings to RAW so you can assign keyboard strokes. it will always say, KEYDOWN or what ever on the left, it never provides and option for key release. The problem still remains though that if I try to assign the Directional Pad (Hat) to Arrow Keys, that things will get screwed up and you either can not move with the directional PAD (HAT), or movements are assigned to the Left Analog, and do not work as they should, it's as if the right and down arrow keys are ALWAYS On, regardless of the fact that I did indeed assign a Key release command to each input. check that by pressing analog directions and see the current values, and the thresholds configured in poseidon to bind them to left/right/up/down. misconfigured too much stuff in the HID settings, you can always go in poseidon->config list entry and delete the config item related to your device (or the HID class setting itself), back to basics. *Rumble in Trident Prefs Open Trident Prefs and click on the Devices option in the left hand window. Click with the mouse once on your gamepad choice on the right hand side and again on the Settings button below. In the new window, select the '''General''' TAB and half way down on the right there is an "Open Now" button in the section "HID output control window". Clicking on that button opens another window (HID Control) with sliders for the two rumble engines inside the controllers and you can test if they work. '''Sometimes clicking that button does nothing, other times it will open the window and say nothing is detected.''' The leftmost two sliders do nothing, the third one has a large rumble effect, and the fourth one has a small rumble effect. ===Graphic Drawing Tablet=== There is a standard in HID for tablets possibly mouse type. If the tablet is HID conforming in that sense, it should work. Aiptek does a fairly good job at this. The other competitor, Wacom, didn't pay too much attention to this and simply adapted their legacy serial protocol into HID in a very awkward way. Older Wacom tablets have worked with the special support in the HID class, but not the more recent ones. to use graphic tablets fully, applications need to be written that make use of the AmigaOS NewTablet events (which AROS has) * Entry level - A6 (6x4) work area * Medium A5 (6x8) A4 (10x7) size (recommended but only a few ie years 2000 to 2003 models supported) * Semi Pro A3 (12x9) * Pro Cintiq * 2005/6 Some support added for Wacom tablets * 2008 Wacom's patent on battery free pens expires {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | <!--Description-->Micrograf Tabby (late 1980s and early 1990s) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|Serial RS232 based }} |- | <!--Description-->podscat pt 3030 graphics tablet | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|Serial RS232 based }} |- | <!--Description-->Summagraphics | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|Serial RS232 based }} |- | <!--Description-->Wacom IV compatible (Graphire, ArtPad, A3, A4, A5 and PenPartner CT-0405-P - Wacom intuos GD-0405-R) Waycom Digitiser II UD-0608-R | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|Serial RS232 based }} |- | <!--Description-->Wacom Artpad II (KT-0405-R) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|Serial RS232 based }} |- | <!--Description-->AceCad boards | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|Serial RS232 based }} |- | <!--Description-->AipTek HyperPen 6000 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|Serial RS232 based }} |- | <!--Description-->Calcomp | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|Serial RS232 based }} |- | <!--Description-->AipTek HyperPen 8000 - Aldi/Medion MD 9310 and Aldi/Tevion LT 9310 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|Serial RS232 based }} |- | <!--Description-->Tablet PC penabled | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|Serial RS232 based like x61t X60t NC4200 NC4400 }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|Serial RS232 based }} |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Opinion |- | <!--Description--> * Wacom PenPartner * PenPartner 2 * PenStation 2 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x056a | <!--Product ID-->0x0000 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Wacom Graphire - Wacom Tablet ET-0405-U UV1.1-1 (Slate Blue) ET-0405UL (lime) (orange) (red) (purple) | <!--Vendor ID-->0x056A | <!--Product ID-->0X0010 | <!--Revision-->0100 | <!--Opinion-->{{Yes|late 90s with A6 size - [Wacom Support] of X-axis 00000-10205 Y-AXIS 0000-7421 Tip Pressure 000-511 under Trident prefs. Air pen mouse type movements }} |- | <!--Description--> * Grapphire 2 4x5 ET-0405A-U UV2.0-3 (Steel Blue) * Graphire 2 5x7 ET-0507A | <!--Vendor ID-->0x056A | <!--Product ID-->0x0011 and 0x0012 | <!--Revision-->0110 | <!--Opinion-->{{Yes|A6 and A5 versions - [Wacom Support] of X-axis 00000-10205 Y-AXIS 0000-7421 Tip Pressure 000-511. Air pen mouse type movements - mouse EC-120-0K tested}} |- | <!--Description-->Wacom Graphire 3 * cte-430/w 4x5 pearl sapphire * cte 630 6x8 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x056A | <!--Product ID-->0x0013 and 0x0014 | <!--Revision-->0314 | <!--Opinion-->{{Yes|A6 and A5 size - [Wacom Support] Xaxis 0-10207 yaxis 0-7423 tip pressure 0-511 and the erase end appears to respond but avoid bluetooth BT versions }} |- | Wacom Graphire 4 * cte-440/B Blue cte 440/s Silver 4x5 * cte-640 6x8 cte 640 u 0403 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x056A | <!--Product ID-->0x0015 and 0x0016 | <!--Revision-->403 | {{Yes|A6 and A5 work area detected [Wacom Support] x-axis 0000-10207 Y axis 0000-7423 Tip Pressure 000-511 and delete rub out end of the pencil seems detected but avoid bluetooth BT versions }} |- | <!--Description--> * Wacom Intuos 4x5 GD-0405 * Intuos 6x8 GD-0608 * Intuos 9x12 GD-0912 * Intuos 12x12 GD-1212-U * Intuos 12x18 GD-1218 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID-->0x0020 0x0021 0x0022 0x0023 0x0024 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{Yes|detected and responses delivered back - x axis up to 30479 and y axis 31679, tip pressure up to 1023 and x and y tilt up to 127 - Wacom intuos GD-0912-A for Apple Macs NOT SUPPORTED}} |- | <!--Description--> * Intuos 2 4x5 A6 - XD-0405-U * Intuos 2 6x8 A5 - xd 0608u uoc * Intuos 2 9x12 XD-0912-U * Intuos 2 12x12 XD-1212-U * Intuos 2 12x18 XD-1218-U | <!--Vendor ID-->0x056a | <!--Product ID-->0x0041 0x0042 0x0043 0x0044 0x0045 | <!--Revision-->0126 | <!--Opinion-->{{No|various sizes and recognised as [Wacom Support] but not working. x-axis 00000-20319 y-axis 00000-16239 tip presure 0000-1023 x-tilt y-tilt 000-127. HID mouse xc-100-03 works but never could use it as a real tablet with pressure with TVPaint 3.6 }} |- | <!--Description--> * Intuos 3 4x5 (PTZ-430) * Intuos 3 4x6 (PTZ-431W ) * Intuos 3 6x8 (PTZ-630 PTZ630) * Intuos 3 6x11 (PTZ-631W A3 wide) * Intuos 3 9x12 (A4 PTZ-930 PTZ930) * Intuos 3 | <!--Vendor ID-->056a | <!--Product ID-->0x00b0 0x00b1 0x00b2 0x00b3 0x00b4 0x00b5 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No}} Actions in HID setup window definitively locks the Pointer (mouse) reports settings and even after a clear and save, nothing changes, the configuration returns to default values. "[Wacom]" reports don't see any events from the tablet, even with "Pointer" reports cleared and save, so is locked a in "mouse" state - but can send a special command to the tablet in order to put it into a special vendor mode. This mode enables Wacom specificities like pressure, tilt, absolute position, buttons, etc... you should send an HID report feature with ReportID=2 and data=2, the current HID class driver doesn't give a way to change that, even using the "initial startup actions" item in the extra collection. No listed features work |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | Wacom Volito - Promethean FT-0405-U06 UV1.4-1 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x056A | <!--Product ID-->0x0060 | <!--Revision-->0141 | <!--Opinion-->{{Yes|A6 work area with [Wacom Support] of x-axis 0000-5103 Y axis 0000-3711 Tip Pressure 000-511. Air and touch mouse movement - appears to be the budget option with some but limited features}} |- | <!--Description-->Wacom Volito 2 * CTF-??? 2x3 * CTF-420G CTF-420 V2.0-0 4x5 * Serif Penabled 6742 rebadge of CTF 420/020-B CTF-420/02 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x056A | <!--Product ID-->0x0062 | <!--Revision-->0200 | <!--Opinion-->{{Yes|A6 work area with [Wacom Support] of x-axis 0000-5103 Y axis 0000-3711 Tip Pressure 000-511. Air and touch mouse movement - no erase function on the end of the pen - nylon nibs value option}} |- | <!--Description--> * Wacom PL-400 LCD * PL-500 * PL-510 * PL-550 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID-->0x0030 0x0031 0x0032 0x0034 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> * PL-600 * PL-600 SX * PL-700 * PL-710 * PL-800 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID-->0x0033 0x0035 0x0036 0x0037 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Wacom Cintiq 21 UX and Cintiq Partner DTF-720 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Opinion |- | <!--Description-->Wacom PenTablet Bamboo (MTE), Bamboo Craft (CTH), Bamboo Fun (CTE), Bamboo Pen (CTL) and Bamboo Pen & Touch (CTH) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | Wacom Bamboo Fun Medium CTE-650 | | 0x0018 | | {{Maybe|[http://www.a1k.org/forum/showthread.php?t=11432 works on a1k forum]}} |- | <!--Description-->Bamboo Fun Small CTE-450 white | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID-->0x0017 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Wacom Bamboo One CTF-430 V2.0-0 CTF 430/S | <!--Vendor ID-->0x056A | <!--Product ID-->0x0069 | <!--Revision-->0200 | <!--Opinion-->{{Maybe|A5 wired air pen and acts like a mouse only}} |- | <!--Description-->Wacom Intuos 4 * Small PTK-440 PTK-540 * Medium - PTK-640 - PTK 540WL Wireless - | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested Intuos4 surface sheet was revised in October 2010 to reduce nib wear}} |- | <!--Description-->Wacom Intuos 5 Touch * * Medium - PTH-650 - USB Wired and Wireless Kit | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID-->0x0027 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested work, however wireless may glitch or drag }} |- | <!--Description-->Wacom Intuos Pro Medium - PTH-651 - | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Bamboo Small Pen Tablet - MTE 450 MTE-450A (MTE-450/k) - | <!--Vendor ID-->0x056A | <!--Product ID-->0x0065 | <!--Revision-->0116 | <!--Opinion-->{{Maybe|A6 work area - mouse movement but no pen detection except x-axis 2 to -2 and y-axis 2 to -2 - mini usb lead - 4 blue led lit buttons not detected as well as circular touch button?? }} |- | <!--Description-->Bamboo Pen CTL 460 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested all Bamboo versions were criticized for the drawing surface's roughness (which got smoother over time), which caused the small pressure-sensitive 'nib' to wear down, and become slanted or scratchy in the same way as pencil lead, albeit more slowly}} |- | <!--Description-->Wacom Bamboo Fun CTH-461/S wired | <!--Vendor ID-->0x056A | <!--Product ID-->0x00D2 | <!--Revision-->0106 | <!--Opinion-->{{Maybe|A6 size - Pen tracking not working but finger touch works }} |- | <!--Description-->Wacom Bamboo Connect Pen Tablet CTL-470 CTL-470K 470-DE | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->CTH 470K | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Wacom CTH 480/S wireless | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} lithium battery for pad - |- | <!--Description-->Wacom Intuos Pen Small CTL-480/S CTL 480 K wired | <!--Vendor ID-->0x056A | <!--Product ID-->0x030E | <!--Revision-->0200 | <!--Opinion-->{{No|A5 detected as Intuos PS but not working although the RHS blue led responds to pen on tablet }} |- | <!--Description-->CTH 490 PK S Photo - CTH-490CK-S Comic - CTH-490AK-S Art | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested lower hovering height pen nibs wear fast and input lag/responsiveness}} |- | <!--Description-->Intuos Pen & Touch Medium - CTH-680 - USB Wired and Wireless Kit work | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Wacom Intuos Pro (PTH-660 and PTH-860) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Opinion |- | <!--Description-->Waltop Media Tablet 10.6" Genius G-Pen M609 Genius G-Pen M609X iVista Media Tablet 10.6 Aiptek MediaTablet 10000u | <!--Vendor ID-->172f:0501 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Slim Tablet 12.1" | <!--Vendor ID-->0x172F | <!--Product ID-->0x0034 | <!--Revision-->0x1105 | <!--Opinion-->{{yes|works}} |- | <!--Description-->Waltop Media Tablet 12 by 9" Aiptek HyperPen 12000u T-12000U Tablet Series Nisis T-12000u USB Tablet Series Version 1.05 (aiptek rebadged) Trust item #1535 ADESSO Cyber Tablet 12000 Graphic design tablet iVista Media Tablet 12 PENTAGRAM O'pen Wide P 2003 Genius G-Pen M712 | <!--Vendor ID-->172f:0500, 0x08ca | <!--Product ID-->0x0010 | <!--Revision-->0105 | <!--Opinion-->{{Yes|detected with Nisis/Aiptek functioning as a tablet, untested with others - Puck (mouse) x axis 0000 to 6000 y axis 0000 to 6000 - stylus (pen) x axis 00000 to 12000 y axis 00000 to 12000 tip pressure 0000 to 1023 - 16 function keys - AAA battery needed for pen and another for the mouse}} |- | <!--Description-->Waltop Media Tablet 14.1" v5.1e Genius G-Pen M714X Aiptek MediaTablet 14000u WMK-H141 Trust item #15358 Adesso CyberTablet 14000 M14 iVista Media Tablet 14.1 PENTAGRAM O'pen Wide P 2004 | <!--Vendor ID-->0X172f | <!--Product ID-->0X0500 | <!--Revision-->0114 | <!--Opinion-->{{Yes|detected with Nisis/Aiptek functioning as a tablet - Stylus (Pen) X 16838 Y 16838 Tip Pressure 1023 }} |- | <!--Description-->Waltop PID 0038 Genius G-Pen F509 Manhattan 177405 | <!--Vendor ID-->172f:0038 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Waltop PID 0052 Yiynova MSP19 | <!--Vendor ID-->172f:0052 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Waltop Q Pad Aiptek HyperPen Mini NGS Flexi Style VisTablet PenPad iVistaTablet Q Flex Pad Bravod Q-PD65-S Trust Flex Design Tablet (#16937) | <!--Vendor ID-->172f:0037 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Waltop Sirius Battery Free Tablet VisTablet Muse PENTAGRAM Designer P 2700 Princeton PTB-S1BK | <!--Vendor ID-->172f:0502 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Waltop Slim Tablet 12.1" Genius G-Pen F610 Trust Slimline Widescreen Tablet (#16529) VisTablet Original 12" Adesso CyberTablet Z12 Adesso CT-Z12A PenPower Tooya Pro Aiptek Slim 12.1 Inch Aiptek SlimTablet 600u Premium II NGS Slim Proguess iVistaTablet Slim 12.1 PENTAGRAM ThinType P 2006 | <!--Vendor ID-->172f:0034 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Waltop Slim Tablet 5.8" Genius G-Pen F350 Trust item #16485 VisTablet Mini iVistaTablet Slim 5.8 | <!--Vendor ID-->172f:0032 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Waltop Venus S Tablet Trust eBrush Widescreen Tablet (#17939) | <!--Vendor ID-->172f:0503 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Aiptek GmBH MediaTablet Ultimate II - 16:10 Professional Graphic Tablet Model 1400U | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Opinion |- | <!--Description-->Hanvon Beijing HanWang HW Micro Drawing Tablet ET0504U | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0b57 | <!--Product ID-->0x8030 | <!--Revision-->01111 | <!--Opinion-->{{No|does not work - recognised as an HID mouse - no tablet extensions detected}} |- | <!--Description-->KYE EasyPen 340, Genius EasyPen 340 | <!--Vendor ID-->0458:5014 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|untested }} |- |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Opinion |- | Aiptek Hyper Pen 6000u PC Tablet APT | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | {{No|detected but does not work - win98 era cordless 6in by 4.5in - }} |- | <!--Description-->nisis T-8000U APT-2 Aiptek rebadge | <!--Vendor ID-->0x08CA | <!--Product ID-->0x0021 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|A5 detected but no responses }} |- | <!--Description-->Acecad Flair II GT-504 Init Fkt Fkt 0x5ab450c0 AIPTEK HyperPen 10000 U Aiptek HyperPen 10000U, AIPTEK Slim Tablet U600 Premium II | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0460 | <!--Product ID-->0x0004 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Ace Cad Enterprise Co., Ltd Tablet - 5x3.75 drawing area | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0460 | <!--Product ID-->0x0004 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Bosto's | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} UCLogic Digitizer |- | <!--Description-->Adesso CyberTablet Z7, Adesso CyberTablet 12000, Adesso CT-12000A | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->UC-Logic / Lapazz WP8060, UC-Logic / Lapazz PF1209, UC-Logic / Lapazz Artistic Tablet 5540, Manhattan 8"x6", Manhattan 3"x4", Manhattan | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested but suspect not working}} |- | <!--Description-->DigiPro 5.5×4” Graphics Tablet Digital Ink Pad (A4 format) DigiPro WP8060, DigiPro WP5540, | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Genius G-pen G-Pen 4500 Genius Wizardpen Genius Mousepen Genius Easypen i405 M610 Genius PenSketch 9x12, Genius MousePen i608, Genius MousePen 8x6, Genius MousePen / WizardPen 5x4, | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Genius G-Pen F610 Genius G-Pen M610 Genius G-Pen 340 (UC-LOGIC Tablet WP4030U) Genius G-Pen 450 (UC-LOGIC Tablet WP5540U) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Genius UC-LOGIC iBall Tablet PF8060 iBall Iball Pen Tablet 8060U, Iball Pen Tablet 5540U, Iball Pen Tablet 4030U, Iball Design Tablet PF1209, NGS CADBOY (UC-LOGIC Tablet WP5540U) Pentagram QWare | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Trust TB-3100 Trust TB-5300 Trust 15356 Trust TB-6300 Trust 15357 WP8060U Slimline but bulky with metal backing A5 size Trust 16486, Trust 16447, Sketch Design Tablet, | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|clashes with usb and crashes AROS }} |- | <!--Description-->UC-Logic Tablet WP1062 Aiptek HyperPen 10000U Monoprice 10X6.25 Inches Graphic Drawing Tablet Pickle 10x6.25 Inch Graphic Drawing tabletguess | <!--Vendor ID-->5543:0064 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Opinion |- | [ VTech KidiPhoto Art Studio] | | | | {{yes|works}} |- |} Tablet has a squared lines of wires which induce a current into the pen which is then detected by the metal grid in the tablet pad. Tablets report pressure (and tilt on expensive models) and are absolute pointing devices (put the pen at the top left and the mouse pointer will go to the top left of the screen). Graphic drawing area, what keys, report rate, resolution lpi lpmm, accuracy, pressure levels (may come from the app), origin position, Wacom tablets use electromagnetic resonance technology. Since the tablet provides power to the pen through resonant inductive coupling, no power is required for the pointing device. As a result, no batteries are inside the pen (or the accompanying puck), making them lighter and slimmer. Under the tablet's surface (or LCD in the case of the Cintiq) is a printed circuit board with a grid of multiple send/receive coils and a magnetic reflector attached behind the grid. In send mode, the tablet generates a close-coupled electromagnetic field (also known as a B-field) at a frequency of 531&nbsp;kHz. This close-coupled field stimulates oscillation in the pen's coil/capacitor (LC) circuit when brought into range of the B-field. Any excess resonant electromagnetic energy is reflected back to the tablet. In receive mode, the energy of the resonant circuit’s oscillations in the pen is detected by the tablet's grid. This information is analyzed by the computer to determine the pen's position, by interpolation and Fourier analysis of the signal intensity. In addition, the pen communicates information such as pen tip pressure, side-switch status, tip vs. eraser orientation and ID number (to differentiate between different pens, mice, etc.). For example, applying more or less pressure to the tip of the pen changes the value of the pen's timing circuit capacitor. This signal change can be communicated in an analog or digital method. An analog implementation modulates the phase angle of the resonant frequency, while a digital method is communicated to a modulator that distributes the information digitally. The tablet forwards this and other relevant tool information in packets, up to 200 times per second, to the computer. If you disable (delete all of them except for one that needs to be set to "no action", so that it will not be regenerated as default) the Extra Startup actions, the tablet should remain in relative mouse mode—you will not get pressure information in that mode though. [http://tech.groups.yahoo.com/group/highway_usb/message/2394]}} === Handheld Barcode Scanner Readers === {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | <!--Description-->Farsun 9100 barcode scanner 0-12" | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Motorola Symbol LS2203 CMOS | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Tysso | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested Simple}} Code 11, Code 39, Code 93, Code 128, Coda Bar, UPC-A, UPC-E, EAN-8, EAN-13, MSI/Plessey, Telepen, Interleaved 2 of 5, Industrial 2 of 5, Matrix 2 of 5 |- | <!--Description-->Unitech MS320 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Wasp WCS3905 CCD 1" | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} Code 93, Matrix 2 of 5, Industrial 2 of 5, Code 39, UCC/EAN-128, ISBN, Code 32, EAN/JAN-8 , EAN/JAN-13 , UPC-A, UPC-E, Codabar, Code 128, Code 11, Interleaved 2 of 5, MSI-Plessey, China Post, IATA 2 of 5, ISSN, UK-Plessey |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Opinion |- | <!--Description-->Datalogic Touch 90 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Intermec | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Honeywell Metrologic MK9540-32A38 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Motorola LS2208 Laser | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Wasp WWS800 Laser 1D | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Opinion |- | <!--Description-->Datalogic GD4130-BK-C066 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Honeywell 1202G-1USB-5 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Motorola / Symbol DS6707-DC20007ZZR | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Opinion |- | <!--Description-->DataMan 8000 2D | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Honeywell Voyager 9520/40 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Metrologic MS1690 USB 2D Barcode Scanner | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} QR Code GS1 Databar PDF417 |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Syscan GM800 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- |} [http://www.scandit.com/2011/11/04/types-of-barcodes-choosing-the-right-barcode-type-ean-upc-code128-itf-14-or-code39/ Types of Barcode] <pre> UPC-A Grocery most common Code 128 EAN-13 Library Books ISBN & ISSN, Code 39 Codabar blood bank, 2D barcodes such as Data Matrix PDF417e Maxicode Aztec QR Code old Nokia handsets, MicroPDF417 </pre> ===TouchScreens=== Projected capacitive (PCAP) touch screen product, amongst many options the widely used are I2C and USB *USB host–device structure which dominates consumer and industrial electronics devices where higher bandwidth needed and user-friendly (multiswipes) *I2C Inter-Integrated Circuit simple serial standard for LCD display in embedded systems because of cost and low power *SPI arduino and rpi single boards We cover the USB here {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | eGalax Touch 4a | 0eef | 0001 | 0001 | {{yes|2009 works}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Lilliput HDMI Monitors 669GL-70NP/C/T (7 inch) 869GL-80NP/C/T (8 inch) FA1011-NP/C/T (10 inch) FA1046-NP/C/T (10 inch) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Iilyama Prolite Monitors PROLITE T1513SR-1 (15 inch) PROLITE T1730 (17 inch) PROLITE T1713SR-1 (17 inch) PROLITE T1913SR-1 (19 inch) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Smart Display Company (SDC) Touchscreens TFT Monitors TOUCH-TFT-TS07 (7 inch) TOUCH-TFT-TS08 (8 inch) TOUCH-TFT-TS10 (10 inch) TOUCH-TFT-TS12 (12 inch) TOUCH-TFT-TS15 (15 inch) TOUCH-TFT-TS17 (17 inch) TOUCH-TFT-TS19W (19 inch wide) TOUCH-TFT-TS22W (22 inch wide) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->XENARC Monitors 7 inch models 700TSH 700TSU 700TSV 702TSV 705TSV 706TSA 700IDT MDT-X7000 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->XENARC 8 inch models: 800TSV 805TSV 10 inch models: 1020TSV 1026TSA 1040TS 12 inch models: 1200TS 1200TR | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Opinion |- | <!--Description-->Asus VT229H 21.5" | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->CUQI 7" Monitor Touchscreen 1024x600 IPS | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Espresso 15" Portable Touchscreen Display Monitor | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Hannspree HT225HPB 21.5 inch | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->WaveShare 13.3inch HDMI LCD (H) (with case) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- |} ===GPS tracking, running, cycling, biking, walking, hiking, ORIENTEERING, boaters and mapping=== Support for OpenStreetMap but not for Ordnance Survey, Map Pilot or National Geographic's Topo maps data gdb, Data output supported nmea 0183 V1.5 APA, V1.5 XTE and V2.1 GSA formats, gpx, kml/kmz, tracks from tcx files, geo: URIs, NMEA0183(which is RS232, voltages range from -15 volts to 15 volts, 4800 baud), or need NMEA sentences connected to your computer other method that some units support is a special serial cable that actually emits raw RS232 NMEA. These usually take 10->30 volts input, can run the unit, and have full voltage I/O for RS232 (not like spanner mode, which effectively turns the unit into a USB->Serial adapter inside the case). Equivalent apps - merkator, mapsource, {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | <!--Description-->Garmin gpsmap 180 GPS/chart plotter | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->1992 GARMIN GPS 55 AVD Portable System | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->Garmin GPS V | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested - waas pinpoint within 3 metres - nmea - 4AA battery}} |- | <!--Description-->Garmin GPS 12 12XL | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->Garmin Legend C | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->Garmin eMap | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|possibly through usbmodem rs232 connection nmea 0183 protocol}} |- | <!--Description-->Garmin eTrex | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} rs232 these older units supported it and would provide the stream in either the standard NMEA 0183 format or a proprietary Garmin format. |- | <!--Description-->Garmin GPS 75 AVD | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Magellan GPS Map 7000 model 45006 (1994) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Magellan GPS Tracker | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Magellan Pioneer Satellite Navigator | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Magellan GPS 300 315 320 Mentor Receiver (2003) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Not for dedicated sat nav units like the Nuvi, TomTom, etc | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Opinion |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->NaviLock NL-402U | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested u-blox 5 SuperSense® chipset with receivers for GPS, GLONASS, Galileo, BeiDou and QZSS}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->GM1-86UB | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| U-BLOX UB-6010 GGA,GSA,GSV, RMC and support VTG, GLL, TXT ublox binary and NMEA Command Dynamic Condition }} |- | <!--Description-->NAVILOCK GPS NL-602U USB | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{Yes|works via usbmodem.device - ublox ag 6 chipset - 50 channel}} |- | <!--Description-->TOPGNSS ton Receiver & Antenna GM702 u-blox 7 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{Yes|UBLOX7020 chip design bloc u-blox}} |- | <!--Description-->VK-162 G-MOUSE u blox 7 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1546 | <!--Product ID-->0x01a7 | <!--Revision-->0100 | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|UBX G70xx with RMC VTG GSV TXT GLL GGA GSA}} |- | <!--Description-->VK-172 u-blox 7 G7020-KT gps gnss white pen stick receiver - over 1 inch long | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1546 | <!--Product ID-->0x01a7 | <!--Revision-->0100 | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A| detected as cdc controlled plug in device - 18x18x2mm patch antenna but can be slow to update - nmea 0183 and ublox binary protocol}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->GlobalSat BU-353 WaterProof USB GPS Receiver | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested SiRF Star III}} |- | <!--Description-->Haicom HI-206 USB GPS receiver with RS-232 interfaces, RJ11 and PS/II connector EB | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|usb-serial prolific pl2303 detected but GSP3F SiRF Star IV technology not detected or bound}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->BT760Y, | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested Skytraq Venus 5 GPS chipset}} |- | <!--Description-->GM-65 USB GPS Receiver | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested Skytraq Venus 6 GPS chipset - 65 channel}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested Skytraq Venus 7 GPS chipset}} |- | <!--Description-->GM-65 USB GPS Receiver | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested Skytraq Venus 8 GPS chipset - 167 channels}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Opinion |- | <!--Description-->Garmin Colorado 300 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} USB |- | <!--Description-->Garmin Geko 101 201 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} limited waas enabled only - waypoints - aaa battery |- | <!--Description-->Garmin Edge 200 bike mount | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->Garmin ForeRunner 10 15 watch | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->Garmin Montana 600 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->Garmin Dakota 10 20 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->Garmin Map76s | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->Garmin Oregon 450T | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} USB nmea 0183 |- | <!--Description-->Garmin eTrex 10 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested - no nmea0183 sentences data stream output - configuration an option to set it to "Garmin" mode, or "Mass Storage" mode. Since the mass storage mode seems to be required for waypoint/track/etc data exchange, the 'Garmin' mode would be for this data stream. Yet putting it in that mode doesnt seem to produce anything.}} |- | <!--Description-->Garmin Oregon 650T | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->Garmin GPSMAP 64S | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{Maybe|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->GPSMap 78S or GPSMap 76CSX which has a NMEA port for talking to Nav equipment | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{Maybe|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->Garmin eTrex Vista Cx GPS Receiver | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested - 2AA battery}} |- | <!--Description-->Garmin GPSmap 276c | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->Magellan 2000 XL | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->Magellan | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->Magellan 3000 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->Magellan Triton 300 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} SiRFstarIII™, Antenna Type Multidirectional Patch with WAAS, EGNOS, MSAS support |- | <!--Description-->Magellan Triton 400 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- |} ==massstorage.class (MSC/UMS - most cameras and mp3 players)== === USB Card Readers === {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="15%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="5%" |Product ID ! width="5%" |Revision ! width="15%" |Installing ! width="15%" |Booting ! width="30%" |Opinion |- | A-Tec Model CR-362 | | | | <!--Installing--> | <!--Booting--> | {{N/A|untested}} |- | [http://www.belkin.com/IWCatProductPage.process?Merchant_Id=&Section_Id=200406&pcount=&Product_Id=179164 Belkin 15 in 1 Card Reader] | | | | <!--Installing--> | <!--Booting--> | {{yes|works}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Installing--> | <!--Booting--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | Conrad CP440 60 in 1 | | | | <!--Installing--> | <!--Booting--> | {{yes|works on a1k forum}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Installing--> | <!--Booting--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | Genesys Gtech Logic 19 in 1 | 0x05E3 | 0x0710 | High 0200 | <!--Installing--> | <!--Booting--> | {{yes|works}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Installing--> | <!--Booting--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | Hama 19 in 1 Card Reader | | | | <!--Installing--> | <!--Booting--> | {{yes|works}} |- | Hama 35 in 1 Card Reader | | | | <!--Installing--> | <!--Booting--> | {{yes|works}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Installing--> | <!--Booting--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Integral Single Slot SD | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Installing--> | <!--Booting--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Installing--> | <!--Booting--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Kingston USB 3.0 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Installing--> | <!--Booting--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Lexar microsd adapter | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Installing--> | <!--Booting--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} but wider than Sandisk version - could block other slot if below |- | Pretec CardDriver | | | | <!--Installing--> | <!--Booting--> | {{no|no driver}} |- | Sandisk MicroMate | | | | <!--Installing--> | <!--Booting--> | {{yes|works}} |- | <!--Description-->Sandisk MobileMate SD | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Installing--> | <!--Booting--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Sandisk MobileMate Micro | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Installing--> | <!--Booting--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} has satisfying 'click' when microsd inserted |- | <!--Description-->Sandisk MobileMate Duo MicroSD | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Installing--> | <!--Booting--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} no 'click' insertion uses pressure so future wear and tear issues |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Installing--> | <!--Booting--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Serena metal cased microsd only | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Installing--> | <!--Booting--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|Maybe}} hit or miss on quality |- | <!--Description-->Serena "Sandisk MobileMate" look-alike | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Installing--> | <!--Booting--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|Maybe}} hit or miss on quality |- | SilverCrest 16in1 | | | | <!--Installing--> | <!--Booting--> | {{yes|works}} |- | <!--Description-->Transcend | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Installing--> | <!--Booting--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Transcend P5 8 in 1 TSRDP5K | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Installing--> | <!--Booting--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Transcend P8 15 in 1 TSRDP8K | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Installing--> | <!--Booting--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Installing--> | <!--Booting--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | Zyxel integralmemory 8 in 1 | 0x0aec | 0x3260 | | <!--Installing--> | <!--Booting--> | {{no|not detected}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Installing--> | <!--Booting--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- |} === USB Hard Drives === {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | Datel MaxDrive | | | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Inateck 2.5 Inch USB 3.0 Hard Drive Disk Enclosure/ Case (FE2001) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} Full USB 3.0 port but plastic teeth keeping drive in place can snap |- | <!--Description-->Inateck case (FE2002) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} full USB 3.0 port - updated design |- | <!--Description-->Inateck case (FE3001) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} wider USB 3.0 port and no on/off switch Jmicron JMS578 chipset |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | Iomega Desktop Hard Drive 500GB, 3,5“, USB2.0 | | | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | Samsung | | | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | Samsung | | | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | Samsung T3 SSD | | | | {{N/A|untested}} USB 3.1 Gen 1 space grey / black metal/ plastic |- | Samsung T5 SSD | | | | {{N/A|untested}} USB 3.1 Gen 2 256GB 512GB alluring blue 1Tb 2Tb black unibody metal |- | Samsung | | | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | Seagate | | | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | Seagate | | | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Toshiba Canvio 1TB | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{Yes|partition fat32 or sfs to 100GB max - ntfs partitions not detected out of the box - select usb drive in trident prefs and press disable to shutdown}} |- | Verbatim 160GB Smartdisk | | | | {{yes|works }} |- | Western Digital USB | | | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->WD Essential | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->WD Passport | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- |} === USB DVD CD ROM Drives === {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->12.5mm | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Opinion |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Opinion |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->12.5mm enclosure mini-sata dvd-rw | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested needs sole usb3 port to power it}} |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Opinion |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->9.5mm enclosure ECD829 mini-sata dvd-rw with Initio Corporation INIC-1618L SATA | <!--Vendor ID-->0x13fd | <!--Product ID-->0x0840 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested but probably needs sole usb3 port to power it}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |} === USB to NGFF NVMe SDD HDD DVD CD ROM Drives === The older Jmicron JMS539B seems to result in massive filesystem corruption given the amount of corrupted content. Prehaps always avoided Jmicron and opted for Asmedia even if it costed a bit more. Realtek seems to be working okay for me generally speaking and newer Jmicron chipsets are less buggy – but evidently not perfect. From [https://goughlui.com/2025/08/17/psa-validate-your-storage-jmicron-jms583-kioxia-bg4-series-ssd-issue/ thread] Here is a [https://forums.anandtech.com/threads/stable-nvme-usb-adapter.2572973/ very long thread] that discusses data corruption and stability issues with these bridges. The majority of the posts are complaining of dropouts, hangs and the like, which usually down to either a poor USB 3.x implementation (SuperSpeed connections are very picky as to cables, ports and trace routing) or problematic compatibility. Regardless, the [https://www.legitreviews.com/jmicron-jms583-controller-version-matters-for-portable-usb-drives_219422 JMS583 is known to have several versions] noting that the last revision (C) in that article is a 2021 release which should fix earlier stability and cable quality compatibility issues. JMS583-STD-Release-v00.02.01.04-Bus Power.bin is the latest JMS583 firmware as of August 2025. Early firmware RTL9210 seems to have issues as well * RTL9210B * JMS583 rev1 with firmware A2 or A3 * RTL9210A * JMS583 firmware 2.0.9 * Asmedia ASM2362 * RTL9201A The reference Hardware ID for the JMS583 chipset from JMicron is: VID_152D&PID_0583&REV_0209 where "VID_152D" identifies a JMicron product; "PID_0583" is the generation chipset; "REV_0209" is the firmware version installed. In the same way, the reference Hardware ID for the RTL9210 from Realtek is: VID_0BDA&PID_9210&REV_3100 "VID_0BDA" is for a Realtek product, "PID_9210" is referred to the chipset and "REV_3100" to the firmware. {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | <!--Description-->ASM1153E / ASM1153 with firmware 140509_A1_82_40 or 141126_A1_EE_82. Both supports UASP and TRIM on USB 3.1 Gen.1 adapter | <!--Vendor ID-->0x174c | <!--Product ID-->0x55aa | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{maybe|works with sabrent ec-uasp}} |- | <!--Description-->ASM235CM Ugreen aluminum bridging the USB3.2 Gen2x1 to Serial ATA host interface | <!--Vendor ID-->0x174c | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Opinion |- | <!--Description-->TI 9261 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->ASM225 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x174c | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Opinion |- | <!--Description-->JMicron JMS578 issues USB 3.1 Gen.1 adapter | <!--Vendor ID-->152d | <!--Product ID-->0578 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{maybe|needs fixing on pi4 storage quirks}} |- | <!--Description-->JMicron JMS576 issues USB 3 to usb-c adapter | <!--Vendor ID-->152d | <!--Product ID-->0576 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{maybe|orico}} |- | <!--Description-->JMS562 JMicron Technology Corp | <!--Vendor ID-->152d | <!--Product ID-->0562 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->JMS561U | <!--Vendor ID-->0x152d | <!--Product ID-->0x1561 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{maybe|works with sabrent ec-uasp}} |- | <!--Description-->VL716Q4 Orico black meshed aluminum usb c | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Asmedia ASM1053E | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1B21 | <!--Product ID-->0x55aa | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->ASmedia ASM1051E | <!--Vendor ID-->0x174c | <!--Product ID-->0x55aa | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Asmedia ASM1053 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x174C | <!--Product ID-->0x1536 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Asmedia ASM104x | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1B21 | <!--Product ID-->0x1042 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Unknown Chinese version | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0bc2 | <!--Product ID-->0x2312 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{maybe|sometimes works}} |- | <!--Description-->JMicron N5321 gr | <!--Vendor ID-->0x152d | <!--Product ID-->0xa583 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Opinion |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Initio Corp INIC-1618L mini slimline sata 6 + 7 pins to usb2 adapter | <!--Vendor ID-->0x13FD | <!--Product ID-->0x0840 | <!--Revision-->0114 | <!--Opinion-->{{maybe|sometimes works mini sata to usb2 detects 201x laptop DVD as MassStorage(CD/DVD) but may need powered USB hub}} |- | <!--Description-->Unknown mini sata to usb3 adaptor | <!--Vendor ID-->0x01F75 | <!--Product ID-->0x0621 | <!--Revision-->0036 | <!--Opinion-->{{maybe|sometimes works mini sata to usb3 detects 201x notebook DVD drive as MassStorage(SCSI) but 5V 1.5Amp needs powered hub to burn }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |} === External Floppy === {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | <!--Description-->[http://techtravels.org/amiga/amigablog/ Amiga Floppy Project] | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no driver}} |- | <!--Description-->[http://aminet.net/package/driver/media/Catweasel_AROS_V1.2 Catweasel Mk4] | <!--Vendor ID-->0xE159 | <!--Product ID-->0x0001 | <!--Revision-->0x00 | <!--Opinion-->{{yes|2005 [http://archives.aros-exec.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=driver/storage works]}} |- | <!--Description-->Catweazle MK4plus | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{maybe|2010 driver for Teac are best, Sony are good, but Mitsumi don't like the Catweasel}} |- | <!--Description-->[http://hxc2001.free.fr/floppy_drive_emulator/ HxC Floppy Emulator] | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no driver}} |- | <!--Description-->[http://www.softpres.org/glossary:kryoflux KyroFlux] | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no driver}} |- | <!--Description-->Samsung SFD-321U/EP USB Floppy | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no driver}} |- | <!--Description-->[http://www.cbmstuff.com/proddetail.php?prod=SCP SuperCard Pro] | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->[https://www.facebook.com/groups/greaseweazle Greaseweazle STM hardware], [https://cowlark.com/fluxengine/index.html Greaseweasel support], [https://github.com/keirf/greaseweazle python software], [https://amigakit.amiga.store/greaseweazle-p-91279.html buy], | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->USB FLOPPY DISK DRIVE (USB External Floppy Disk) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->[https://github.com/SukkoPera/OpenFlops OpenFlops] with [https://github.com/keirf/flashfloppy FlashFloppy] Gotech clone | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->[https://github.com/hmerrett/HenryFlops HenryFlops reworked OpenFlops] | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->[https://github.com/tebl/Amiga-DrawBridge DrawBridge aka Arduino Amiga Floppy Disk Reader/Writer] | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No| arduino based hardware }} |- | <!--Description-->FL-2501 USB Portable Diskette Drive | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->2009 usb - [https://amiga.robsmithdev.co.uk/ Drawbridge] [https://github.com/RobSmithDev/ArduinoFloppyDiskReader software] ribbon cable compat with p/n 19308801-19 and s/n U356244 - model ASM P/N 27l4226 and FRU P/N 05k9283 - |- | <!--Description-->Dell Floppy Drive Module USB External 3.5" - Teac FD-05PUB 1.44mb | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->2004 usb 1.1 |- |} ==ptp.class (PTP and MTP - other cameras and mp3 players)== === Cameras === {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | <!--Description-->Canon EOS 20D | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2004 }} |- | <!--Description-->Canon 350D (also known as the Digital Rebel XT/Kiss Digital N) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2005 DIGIC II processor 8-megapixel }} |- | <!--Description-->Canon PowerShot A430 A560 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2006 }} |- | <!--Description-->Canon EOS 400D (XTi) digital SLR | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2007 }} |- | <!--Description-->Canon EOS 1000D also known as Rebel XS | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2008 10.2mp 720p }} |- | <!--Description-->Canon 450D aka Rebel Xsi | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2008 12.2mp }} |- | <!--Description-->Canon PowerShot S90 S95 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2009 2010 720p video - 10Mpixel }} |- | <!--Description-->Canon Powershot SD960 IS Digtal ELPH | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2009 Still Image: Exif 2.2 (JPEG), Movie: MOV (Image: H.264; Audio: Linear PCM) Lithium-ion Battery Pack NB-4L }} |- | <!--Description-->Canon EOS 500D aka Rebel | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2009 1080p 15.1MP Lithium }} |- | <!--Description-->Canon EOS 550D 600D aka Rebel T2i T3i DSLR | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2010-2011 1080p 18MP Lithium LP-E8 }} |- | <!--Description-->Canon Powershot S100 S110 S120 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2011-2013 720p-1080p video 12.1MP and above versions - }} |- | <!--Description-->Canon EOS 1100D DSLR Camera aka Rebel T3 SLR, EOS Kiss X50 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2011 720p 10Mpixels Lithium }} |- | <!--Description-->Canon EOS 650D 700D aka Rebel T4i T5i T6i SLR | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2012-2013 1080p 18Mpixels Lithium LP-E8 articulating flip out twistable screen }} |- | <!--Description-->Canon ELPH 300 HS (IXUS 220 HS) 230 100 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2012 blogging camera }} |- | <!--Description-->Canon PowerShot N | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2013 12.1 MP CMOS, DIGIC 5 Wifi Lithium Battery Pack NB-9L }} |- | <!--Description-->Canon Powershot G7 X, G7X-II | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2014-2016 1080p video 12.1MP and above versions - }} |- | <!--Description-->Canon EOS 1300D DSLR Camera aka Rebel T6 SLR | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2016 1080p 16Mpixels Lithium }} |- | <!--Description-->Canon Powershot G7x G5X | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| G7X flip up and G5X flip out - same batteries - no external microphone input - }} |- | <!--Description-->Canon EOS M3 M5 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| flip out - same batteries - }} |- | <!--Description-->Canon EOS 60D 70D 80D | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Canon 6D 7D 8D | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->Canon 5D Mark II III IV DSLR | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Canon | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Canon | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Fuji FinePix A850 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->FujiFilm Finepix F100fd | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Fuji FinePix F810 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Fuji xf1 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| pocketable exr cmos 12mp }} |- | <!--Description-->Fuji xt1 x-t1 x10 x-t10 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| 1080p }} |- | <!--Description-->Fujifilm x100 x100s x100t | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Fuji xPro1 xPro2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Fuji xt2 / x-t2 x-t20 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| 4K video }} |- | <!--Description-->Fuji | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Fuji | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->Fuji | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->GoPro HERO 3 HERO4 HERO 5 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Nikon | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Nikon D100, D60 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2004 Compact flash storage - non interchangeable lenses up to 12.3MP sensor }} |- | <!--Description-->Nikon D50, D50x | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2005 storage - 6.1MP sensor }} |- | <!--Description-->Nikon D70, D80, D90 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2006 Compact flash storage - 10MP sensor }} |- | <!--Description-->Nikon D40, D40x | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2007 storage - 10MP sensor }} |- | <!--Description-->Nikon D300, D700 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2008 storage - 12.3MP sensor }} |- | <!--Description-->Nikon D2Xs, D2Hs, D3 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2006-2008 storage - sensor }} |- | <!--Description-->Nikon D3000 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2008 720p video }} |- | <!--Description-->Nikon D5000 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2010 720p video unlike D3000 }} |- | <!--Description-->Nikon D6000 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2010 16mpixel}} |- | <!--Description-->Nikon D7000 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2010 16.2mp 720p video }} |- | <!--Description-->Nikon L26 L27 L28 L29 L31 Coolpix compact cameras | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2011 720p video - 2 AA - pocket sized }} |- | <!--Description-->Nikon D3100 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2011 720p video 14.2mp}} |- | <!--Description-->Nikon D5100 DSLR | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2011 16.2mp 720p}} |- | <!--Description-->Nikon L810 L820 L830 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2012-2014 720p video }} |- | <!--Description-->Nikon D4 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2012 storage - sensor }} |- | <!--Description-->Nikon D7100 D7200 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2012-2014 up to 24.2mp 1080p video }} |- | <!--Description-->Nikon D3200 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2012 1080p 24MPixel}} |- | <!--Description-->Nikon D5200 D5300 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2013 24.1MP 1080p }} |- | <!--Description-->Nikon D800 D600 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2014 1080p video sd card storage - dust/oil issue at start}} |- | <!--Description-->Nikon D3300 DSLR | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2014 24.2MP 1080p }} |- | <!--Description-->Nikon D500, a high-performance DX-format (APS-C) DSLR | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2016 }} |- | <!--Description-->Nikon D3400 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2016 24.2MP 1080p }} |- | <!--Description-->Nikon D5500 D5600 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2016-2018 24.1MP 1080p }} |- | <!--Description-->Nikon D810 D610 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2018 1080p video sd card storage }} |- | <!--Description-->Nikon D7300 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| 4K UHD video }} |- | <!--Description-->Nikon D900 D850 D820 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| 4k 46MP }} |- | <!--Description-->Nikon | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Nikon | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Olympus C-370 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2004 3.2mp }} |- | <!--Description-->Olympus Camedia C-725 Ultrazoom | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2004 3mp aa batteries, }} |- | <!--Description-->Olympus Evolt E-500 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2005 8mp }} |- | <!--Description-->Olympus | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Olympus Evolt E-410 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2007 }} |- | <!--Description-->Olympus Evolt E-510 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2007 10MP Live MOS sensor with TruePic III processor, }} |- | <!--Description-->Olympus E-420 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2008 10mp, compactflash and xD cards, }} |- | <!--Description-->Olympus E-520 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2008 10mp, compactflash and xD cards, }} |- | <!--Description-->Olympus E-620 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2009 12.3mp, compactflash, xD and microdrive cards, }} |- | <!--Description-->Olympus E-30 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2009 }} |- | <!--Description-->Olympus E-450 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2009 10mp, }} |- | <!--Description-->Olympus | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Olympus | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Pentax * ist DS DSLR camera | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2005 6.1mp }} |- | <!--Description-->Pentax K10D | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2006 10.2mp APS-C CCD no video and older manual Pentax K-mount lenses}} |- | <!--Description-->Pentax K20D | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2008 14.6MP APS-C but no video recording mode }} |- | <!--Description-->Pentax K30 K-5 II | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2012 16MP full HD (1080p) recording at 24/25/30 fps}} |- | <!--Description-->Pentax K-3 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2014 24MP 1080p }} |- | <!--Description-->Pentax K-3 II | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2015 24MP }} |- | <!--Description-->Pentax K-3 III | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2021 25.7MP BSI CMOS sensor }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Panasonic Lumix LZ10 LZ20 DMC-LZ30 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| 720p video }} |- | <!--Description-->Panasonic TZ1 TZ5 TZ9 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Panasonic Lumix GH1 GH2 like the DMC-GH2HEB-K - GH3 DMC-GH3HEB-K | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| Four Thirds (GH2) MFT Micro Four Thirds (GH3) limited to 29mins recording }} |- | <!--Description-->Panasonic AF series AF100 AF101 AF102 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Panasonic Lumix DMC-G2 DMC-G3 G5 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Panasonic TZ60 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Panasonic DMC LX7 10 LX15 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Panasonic GF7 GX8 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Panasonic G80 G85 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| micro 4/3 }} |- | <!--Description-->Panasonic GH4 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| micro 4/3 - shooting in MOV or MP4 formats recording limited to sd card size but split files because the FAT32 file system only supports files up 4GB in size, which amounts to around 5 minutes of 4K (100mbps) footage - GH4 appears to create 4GB files as a rule, regardless of whether the memory card’s file system supports larger files or not - }} |- | <!--Description-->Panasonic GH5 gx80 gx85 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| Effective: 20.3 Megapixel 5184 x 3888 - 2 sd card slots compatible with high-speed, high capacity UHS-II - sd card v rating like the v90 should record at 60MB/s to be compatible with the GH5 in the All-I format - possible file corruption with .mdt files - new firmware 2.0 update, the Panasonic GH5 becomes the first 5K - }} |- | <!--Description-->Panasonic FZ2000 FZ2500 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Panasonic | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Samsung | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Samsung WB100 WB1100 WB150 WB2200 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| 16MP }} |- | <!--Description-->Samsung NX11 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Samsung NX200, NX20, NX1000 and NX210 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| 20.3Mp APS-C sized CMOS image sensor }} |- | <!--Description-->Samsung | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Samsung | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Sanyo Xacti CG65 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Sanyo | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Sony Alpha DSLR-A100 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2005 6.1MP }} |- | <!--Description-->Sony Cyber-shot DSC camera models W110 W220 H300 H400 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2007 }} |- | <!--Description-->Sony Alpha DSLR-A200 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2008 10.2MP }} |- | <!--Description-->Sony Alpha DSLR-A230 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2009 10.2MP }} |- | <!--Description-->Sony A290 DSLR Camera | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2010 14.2MP }} |- | <!--Description-->Sony Cybershot HX20V HX30V | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2011 18mp 720p - steady shot unit / optical block can cause buzzing noise and/or jumping image in lcd / viewfinder - dots are dirt and this voids the warranty }} |- | <!--Description-->Sony Cybershot HX50V HX60V | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2012 20.2MP 1080p - steady shot unit / optical block can cause buzzing noise and/or jumping image in lcd / viewfinder - dots are dirt and this voids the warranty }} |- | <!--Description-->Sony A77 A99 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2012 }} |- | <!--Description-->Sony WX100 WX150 wx220 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2012 2014 }} |- | <!--Description-->Sony NEX-6 Sony NEX-7 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2011 16 to 24MP }} |- | <!--Description-->Sony NEX-3N Sony NEX-5N | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2013 16MP }} |- | <!--Description-->Sony α58 Sony α68 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2013 20.1 MP 2014 24mp }} |- | <!--Description-->Sony rx100 mk III | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2014 20.1MP 1.0-type back-illuminated Exmor R CMOS sensor, often after boot-up, the motor starts running for no reason for first versions' - }} |- | <!--Description-->Sony α5000 a5000 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2014 20.1 Megapixel APS-C Exmor APS HD CMOS 1080p Sony E-mount [https://github.com/ma1co/Sony-PMCA-RE hack] using [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8M4hR9HiOzM this] }} |- | <!--Description-->Sony α6000 a6000 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2014 24MP APS-C sensor }} |- | <!--Description-->Sony α7 A7S a7r a7c | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2014 mirror less - more compact }} |- | <!--Description-->Sony α77 II, α99 II, | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2015 24.3 MP, 2016 42.4mp }} |- | <!--Description-->Sony rx100 mk IV V | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2015 2016 }} |- | <!--Description-->Sony RX0 RX zero, RX0 II | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2015 2017 }} |- | <!--Description-->Sony α6500 a6500 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2016 24.2MP APS-C sensor 4K }} |- | <!--Description-->Sony α7 Alpha 7 II E-mount interchangeable lens mirrorless camera | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2017 24.2mp, }} |- | <!--Description-->Sony α7 A7Sii a7r a7c | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2018 mirror less - more compact }} |- | <!--Description-->Sony a7 III α77 ILCE7M3/B Full-Frame Mirrorless Interchangeable-Lens Camera | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2019 24.2mp, }} |- | <!--Description-->Sony ZV-1 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2021 24mm optical zoom, }} |- | <!--Description-->Sony ZV-1F | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2022 entry-level vlogging, 1-inch 20.1MP, ultra-wide 20mm f/2 prime lens}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |} <pre > Lens Mounts Canon EF EF-S Nikon F Panasonic Olympus OM Pentax DA, FA, F, A, M, and K series Fujifilm X mount </pre > <pre > Sensors APS-C S35 Full Frame 43 Four Thirds M43 MFT Micro four thirds </pre > === Digital Voice Recorder Dictaphone Dictation Machine Handheld === {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->Olympus VN-7000 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested 2011 }} |- | <!--Description-->Olympus VN-7200 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|untested 2012 no usb }} |- | <!--Description-->Olympus VN-7500 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested 2012 }} |- | <!--Description-->Olympus VN-7600 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested 2013 }} |- | <!--Description-->Olympus WS-100 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested usb}} |- | <!--Description-->Olympus VN-7700 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->Olympus VN-8600 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->Olympus VN-711PC | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->Olympus VN-712PC | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->Olympus VN-731PC | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->Olympus | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->Olympus WS-811 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested slide out usb-a - aaa battery - ok recordings }} |- | <!--Description-->Olympus VN-540PC Olympus VN-541PC | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->Philips DVT1250 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->Sony | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->Sony | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->Sony | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->Sony ICD-UX470 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->Sony ICD-UX560 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->Sony ICD-UX570 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- |} === USB eBooks Readers drm free EPUB version 2.0.1 (2007), 3.0 (2011), 3.1 (2015) or [https://www.w3.org/TR/epub-33/ 3.3 (2024)] [https://github.com/thansen0/sample-epub-minimal epub examples] formats access === EPUB file format is an open standard based on XHTML for content and XML for metadata, contained in a zip file archive PDF v2.0 in 2017, 2009 takeover by ISO Org, 1.7 in 2006 , 1.6 in 2005, 1.4 in 2001, 1.3 in 1999, 1.0 in 1993 {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="5%" |Product ID ! width="5%" |Revision ! width="15%" |Access ! width="30%" |Opinion |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Barnes and Noble Nook Simple Touch NST BNRV300 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x2080 | <!--Product ID-->0x0003 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access-->when finding the right micro usb cable that works, internal nook memory not accessible but sd card fat32 readable and writable outside | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2011 6in 600x800 e-ink 16 grayscale .jpg}} battery remove sd card and Torx T5 back top for Cameron Sino CS-BNR003SL - USA 1.2.2 md5sum 351e26527e80156183e74be2da2ce89f *nook_1_2_update.zip - 1.2.1 UK fdba3981f7f221cc5143db6329645bc2 *nook_1_2_update.zip - skip registration, Turn on the device, but do NOT start setting it up. Hold down the top right button on the front of the device and slide your finger from left to right across the top of the E Ink screen. A ‘Factory’ button should appear in the top left corner of the screen. Press it. Once in the Factory menu, hold down the top right button on the front of the device and tap the bottom right corner of the screen should now see a ‘Skip Oobe’ button. Tap that and the Nook should finally load the home screen. Poor battery management - |- | <!--Description-->Barnes and Noble Nook Simple Touch with Glowlight *2012 Nook Simple Touch with GlowLight BNRV350 *2013 Nook GlowLight BNRV500 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x2080 | <!--Product ID-->0x0004 0x0007 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2012 untested }} perform a hard reset: Turn off the nook completely, turn it on, as soon as you see the screen flash begin holding the bottom page turn buttons until the screen flashes with a message asking reset, press the 'n' key twice to start the reset - Poor battery management - |- | <!--Description-->Nook Glowlight 4 Plus 7.8-inch screen | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} Poor battery management - |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> *NOOK 1st Edition (2009-2018) BNRZ100 *NOOK Color (2010-2024) BNRV200 *NOOK Tablet (8GB/16GB) (2011-2024) BNTV250A / BNTV250 *NOOK HD (2012-2024) BNTV400 *NOOK HD+ (2012-2024) BNTV600 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Elonex 511EB | <!--Vendor ID-->045e:ffff | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2009 untested Preferences->advanced->debug device detection}} |- | <!--Description-->[https://jaforeck.wordpress.com/2012/08/05/ready-to-meet-viktor-navorski-gained-access-to-elonex-621ebs-terminal-52/ Elonex 621EB] eBook | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1f85 | <!--Product ID-->0x1688 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access-->unlocked ootb | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2010 untested usb mini charging 6" diagonal eInk Screen - 800 x 600 pixels, 8 Level 166dpi Paperlike screen, Embedded 1GB Flash NAND, full SD Card Slot up to 16GB - WAV, MP3, JPG, PNG, BMP, GIF support and ePub and PDF(with reflow) (TXT, HTML) support}} |- | <!--Description-->Elonex 700eb | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2011 untested adjust screen blanking by menu then settings then device standby, you can then turn it off}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->iRiver Story HD eBook | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} freescale imx.508 arm mcimx508cvkbb cpu with 2gb samsung nand, m13892aj charging chip, eb07_main_mp1_110321 mobo, mini usb, atheros ar61026 wifi - |- | <!--Description-->iRiver Story | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Kobo Rakuten Touch A/B kobo3 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Kobo Touch C, Kobo Mini, Kobo Glo N613, Kobo Aura HD N514 N204 kobo4 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Kobo Aura, Kobo Aura H2O, kobo5 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2013 6in untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Kobo Aura H2O Edition 2 v1, Kobo Glo HD, Kobo Touch 2.0, Kobo Aura ONE N709, Kobo Aura ONE Limited Edition, Kobo Aura Edition 2 v1 N236, kobo6 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Kobo Aura H2O Edition 2 v2, Kobo Aura Edition 2 v2, Kobo Nia, Kobo Clara HD, Kobo Forma, Kobo Libra H2O kobo7 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Kobo Elipsa, Kobo Sage kobo8 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> *Kobo Libra 2 kobo9, Kobo Clara 2E kobo10, Kobo Elipsa 2E kobo11 *Kobo Libra Colour kobo13, Kobo Clara BW, Kobo Clara Colour kobo12 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Pandigital Personal eReader aka? Papyre 6.2 very similar to BQ Avant Firmware | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2011 }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Sony PRS 300 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Sony PRS 350 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2009 epub bbeb cbz untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Sony PRS-650 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Kindle K1 D00111 - Main Menu=: Settings: Menu=: Device Info shows S/N | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1949 | <!--Product ID-->0x0002 | <!--Revision-->100 | <!--Access-->256mb | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2007 untested Marvell Xscale PXA255}} |- | <!--Description-->Kindle K2, D00511 170-1012-00, D00701 D00801 S11S01B * k2 means K2 US * k2i means K2 GW * dx means KDX US * dxi means KDX GW * dxg means KDX Graphite | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1949 | <!--Product ID-->0x0003 | <!--Revision-->100 | <!--Access-->2gb unless jb | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2010 untested Freescale i.MX31 }} the Kindle is a small computer running Linux 2.6 on an ARM processor |- | <!--Description-->AMAZON Kindle D00901 3rd Gen with keyboard - Menu, Settings for S/N and then Menu again to choose Update * S/N starts B006 means k3g aka K3 3G US * S/N starts B008 means k3w aka K3 WiFi * S/N starts B00A means k3gb aka K3 3G UK EU - debug mode with ;debugON and ~help | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1949 | <!--Product ID-->0x0004 | <!--Revision-->100 | <!--Access-->{{yes|4Gb internal no access until jailbroken JB}} | <!--Opinion-->2010 with mobi and azw3 formats only - micro usb 5v 0.85a - freescale i.mx35 ARM soc with 12bit parallel interface with epson e-ink cpu, 256MB synchronous dynamic RAM, 4GB eMMC internal memory only but no sd slot, MC13892 PMIC - atheros wifi 54mbit pci-e a e keyed wifi - ?? later models wm96103 audio codec - display has 2Mbit serial memory ic on ribbon cable with 4bpp inverse grayscale display not touchscreen - 3g module - screen replacement really annoying - 4 test points near T07 = TX RX GND ? - as of 2025, JB v0.13.N, MKK2014, MKK2025, KUAL, KoReader Legacy2025, and maybe later SS v0.47.N, Python 0.14.N, Fonts v5.16.N, USBNet v0.57.N - USB-downloader mode when Vol+ is pressed during startup - Shift + Alt + M for Minesweeper - |- | <!--Description-->Amazon Kindle 4th Generation k4 D01100 two buttons, square movement and two buttons at bottom *B00E plastic back clipped in [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LV1dyNkjjro many places] and strongly taped down to battery cover | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1949 | <!--Product ID-->0x0005 | <!--Revision-->100 | <!--Access-->2gb unless jb with USB MS, USBMS aka also known as USB MSC or UMS | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2012 once back off use Torx T5 to remove battery cover screws - battery glued down S2011-001-A 515-1058-01 DR-A015 MC-265360 - Freescale i.MX508 SOC, 2Gb eMMC storage, 256MiB of LPDDR1, MC13892 PMIC - vendor modified u-boot imximage based on u-boot v2009.08 - USB-downloader mode press the fiveway down button during startup resetmykindle - as of 2025 upgrade firmware from 4.1.x and to 4.1.4, sign into account and copy jb.1.8 bits, mkk-2014, mkk-2025, kual and then uninstall kual, koreader2025 - }} |- | <!--Description-->Kindle Touch WiFi (Kindle 5th Gen) D01200 K5, KT *Once signed into an Amazon Account get S/N under Settings -> Device Options *B00F Kindle Touch 3G + WiFi (Kindle 5) (U.S. and Canada) [Mostly] *B011 Kindle Touch WiFi (Kindle 5) *B010 Kindle Touch 3G + WiFi (Kindle 5) (Europe) | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1949 | <!--Product ID-->0x0006 | <!--Revision-->100 | <!--Access-->4gb unless jb | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2013 touchscreen i.MX508 SOC, 256MiB of LPDDR1 and USB-downloader mode by the SOC microcode when a specific key is pressed during startup: the home button on model D01200 - update firmware 5.3.2 to 5.3.7.3, access account, }} |- | <!--Description-->Kindle PaperWhite 3G + WiFi (U.S.) [Mostly] PW <pre> B024 Kindle PaperWhite WiFi B01B Kindle PaperWhite 3G + WiFi (U.S.) [Mostly] B020 Kindle PaperWhite 3G + WiFi (Brazil) B01C Kindle PaperWhite 3G + WiFi (Canada) B01D Kindle PaperWhite 3G + WiFi (Europe) B01F Kindle PaperWhite 3G + WiFi (Japan) </pre> | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1949 | <!--Product ID-->0x0007 | <!--Revision-->100 | <!--Access-->2gb | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2013 Freescale i.MX508 }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1949 | <!--Product ID-->0x0008 | <!--Revision-->100 | <!--Access-->2gb | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Kindle PaperWhite 2 (2013) PW2 *B0D4, 90D4 WiFi (U.S., Intl.) *B05A, 905A WiFi (Japan) *B0D5, 90D5 3G + WiFi (U.S.) [Mostly] *B0D6, 90D6 3G + WiFi (Canada] *B0D7, 90D7 3G + WiFi (Europe) *B0D8, 90D8 3G + WiFi (Russia) *B0F2, 90F2 3G + WiFi (Japan) *B017, 9017 WiFi (4GB) (U.S., Intl.) *B060, 9060 3G + WiFi (4GB) (Europe) *B062, 9062 3G + WiFi (4GB) (U.S.) [Mostly] *B05F, 905F 3G + WiFi (4GB) (Canada) *B061, 9061 3G + WiFi (4GB) (Brazil) | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1949 | <!--Product ID-->0x0009 | <!--Revision-->100 | <!--Access-->2gb or 4gb | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| PW2 uses Freescale/NXP i.MX6 SoloLite }} |- | <!--Description-->Kindle Paperwhite 3 PW3 i.e. Kindle 7th gen *G090G1 (2015) WiFi *G090G2 (2015) 3G + WiFi (U.S.) [Mostly] *G090G4 (2015) 3G + WiFi (Mexico) *G090G5 (2015) 3G + WiFi (Europe, Australia) *G090G6 (2015) 3G + WiFi (Canada) *G090G7 (2015) 3G + WiFi (Japan) *G090KB (2015) WiFi *G090KC (2015) 3G + WiFi (Japan) *G090KE (2016) 3G + WiFi (International) White *G090KF (2016) 3G + WiFi (International) White *G090LK (2016) WiFi, 32GB (Japan) *G090LL (2016) WiFi, 32GB (Japan) White | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1949 | <!--Product ID-->0x000A | <!--Revision-->100 | <!--Access-->4gb | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| ease up glued down front bezel rim panel gently, remove 11 screws underneath and lift screen up from bottom end - battery underneath - }} |- | <!--Description-->Kindle PaperWhite 4 (2018) PW4 *G000PP, G8S0PP WiFi, 8GB *G000T6, G8S0T6 WiFi, 32GB *G000T1 WiFi+4G, 32GB *G000T2 WiFi+4G, 32GB (Europe) *G00102 WiFi, 8GB (India) *G000T3 WiFi+4G, 32GB (Japan) *G0016T, G8S16T WiFi, 8GB Twilight Blue *G0016Q, G8S16Q WiFi, 32GB Twilight Blue *G0016U WiFi, 8GB Plum *G0016V, G8S16V WiFi, 8GB Sage *G00103 WiFi, 32GB (India) *G0016R WiFi, 32GB Plum *G0016S WiFi, 32GB Sage | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1949 | <!--Product ID-->0x000B | <!--Revision-->100 | <!--Access-->8gb or 32gb | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| Freescale/NXP i.MX6 SoloLite }} |- | <!--Description-->Kindle Oasis 2 and 3 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access-->8gb or 32gb | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| NXP i.MX7D }} |- | <!--Description-->Kindle Paperwhite 5 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access-->8gb or 16gb | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| MediaTek MT8110 }} |- | <!--Description-->Kindle 11 Scribe | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access-->8gb or 16gb | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| MediaTek MT8113 }} |- | <!--Description-->Kindle Paperwhite 6 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access-->16gb or 32gb | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Kindle Paperwhite Gen 11 and 12 - Signature | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1949 | <!--Product ID-->0x0 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access-->16Gb or 32Gb | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2024 account not blocked, }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->[https://github.com/Modos-Labs Modos Labs] open source e-ink 60Hz 75Hz caster controller and glider monitor | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Xteink X3 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->[https://www.xteink.com Xteink X4] | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->2025 4.3in 220ppi no touchscreen so [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R7RuokaVauo buttons navigation] - 650mAh battery - micro-sd slot up to 512Gb covering epub, txt, and jpg in directories with [https://github.com/crosspoint-reader crosspoint reader] esp32 cpu custom rom firmware using [https://xteink.dve.al/ Flash website] on usb-c but no ecosystem store |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |} {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="15%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="5%" |Product ID ! width="5%" |Revision ! width="15%" |Access ! width="30%" |Opinion |- | <!--Description-->Amazon D01400 Kindle Fire (1st Generation) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|2010 too old }} android 2.3 and touchscreen digitizer fails often, battery SWE P/N 1002000004742 Model KC1 (EU) QP01 (US) 16.28whr, ti 257epl9l omap 4430 with elpida 88164b3pf-10-f88164b3pf or hynix, mobo ??,, DAOKC1MB8F0 Rev F, ti aic3110 audio codec, |- | <!--Description-->Amazon Fire 7in X43260 X43Z60 2nd Gen | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2012 untested FireOS Android 4 omap 4460 and PowerVR SGX540}} |- | <!--Description-->Amazon Kindle Fire HD (3rd Gen) P48WVB4 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2013 untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Amazon *Amazon Fire HD10 (2015) *Amazon Fire HD8 (2015) *Amazon Fire HD7 (2015) (5th Generation) 7 inch 8GB SV98LN *Amazon Fire HD7 (2014) *Amazon Fire HD6 (2014) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|untested android 5.1 max}} |- | <!--Description--> *Amazon Fire 10 (2017) *Amazon Fire 8 (2017) 7th Gen 8 inch SX034OT *Amazon Fire 7 (2017) (7th Generation) 7 inch 16GB (SR043KL) *Amazon Kindle Fire 7 (7th Generation) 7 inch 8GB WIFI Tablet (SR043KL) *Amazon Fire HD8 (2016) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| Android 5.1 max 7in screen resolution of 1024 x 600, }} |- | <!--Description--> *Amazon Fire 10/10+ (2021) *Amazon Fire 8/8+ (2020) *Amazon Fire 10 (2019) *Amazon Fire 7 (2019) *Amazon Kindle Fire 7 9th Gen 16GB M8S26G *Amazon Fire 8 (2018) 8th Gen 8 inch 32GB L5S83A | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| android 9 max}} |- | <!--Description-->Amazon *Amazon Fire HD 10 (2023) *Amazon Fire Max 11 (2023) *Amazon Fire 8 (2022) *Amazon Fire 7 (2022) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| android 11 max}} |- | <!--Description-->Amazon Kindle Scribe | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 }} |- | <!--Description-->Amazon | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Minimal Phone, Mudita Kompakt | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| eink }} |- | <!--Description-->Bigme B751C | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2022 android untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Bigme B7 Pro | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 }} |- | <!--Description-->Bigme B6 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 android based color eink small - 300dpi b/w 150ppi color -}} |- | <!--Description-->Bigme | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| e-ink }} |- | <!--Description-->Bigme Hibreak Pro, Hisense A9 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| e-ink}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->iFlyTech AINote | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2024 }} |- | <!--Description-->iFlyTech AINote 2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2026 }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Meebook | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Onyx Boox Page Palma | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2016 android untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Onyx Boox Leaf3C | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Onyx Boox Go Color 7 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2023 untested 7in e-ink e-reader android tablet }} |- | <!--Description-->Onyx BooxTab Ultra X C | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Onyx Boox Note Max Air4 C | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Onyx Boox Leaf5C | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Onyx Boox Poke6S | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Onyx Boox Go 10.3 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Onyx Boox MC | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| color e-ink 13.3in }} |- | <!--Description-->Onyx Boox Go 10.3 (Gen 2) Lumi | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2026 b/w eink with front light, no EMR annd capacitance pen, }} |- | <!--Description-->Onyx Moaan Pantone 6 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->reMarkable 1 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2021 untested but subscriptions needed for some features }} |- | <!--Description-->reMarkable 2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2023 untested but subscriptions needed for some features }} |- | <!--Description-->reMarkable Paper Pro Move | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2024 untested but subscriptions needed for some features }} |- | <!--Description-->reMarkable 3 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2026 untested but subscriptions needed for some features}} |- | <!--Description-->reMarkable | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Supernote A5 X2 Manta | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2022 }} |- | <!--Description-->Supernote A6 X2 Nomad | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2023 }} |- | <!--Description-->Supernote | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Tolino Vision 2 3 4 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Tolino Epos2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Viwoods AI Paper and AI Paper Mini | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |} ==printer.class== As the only printer driver that AROS supports natively is Postscript, our focus is on applications that generally output postscript formatted data for printing purposes. There has been an attempt at recent AirPrint support *Inkjet *Laser Start simple and then test every higher level... * can if you ping your printer (the IP addy is good)? * set up LPR/IPP to talk to that known good IP address. * see if you can copy a few words of plain ASCII text to the IPP/LPR device (do you have a connection)? * see if you can find a simple postscript file and then copy it to the IPP/LPR device. * see if you can set up to print directly to the IPP/LPR device (set "Output file" to PRT: or LPR:). * see if you can set up a PS printer config to the IPP/LPR device. * go back and try the tests with the other driver (LPR or IPP). See [http://www.irseesoft.de/tp_drive7.htm here] for compatibility with TP7 (TurboPrint 7) Last update 2004. Not tested under emulation. Janus-UAE, Emumiga, Amiberry etc usbparallel.device untested with USB->Centronics - The printer.class is rather 'clever'. It remembers to which unit the printers were connected (until you reboot). So if you first plug in Printer1, it gets unit 0, and Printer2 gets unit 1. If you now remove both printers and replug Printer2, it still will get unit 1 and not 0. This is used not to confuse the programs using the different units (moreover, if some program uses the usbparallel.device unit of an USB printer, and the printer is unplugged, the device unit cannot be freed immediately as the application still keeps it open). {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | Beige cream D shape centronics end (Prolific chipset?) | | | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | Belkin F5U002v1 centronics end (chipset?) | | | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | Belkin F5U002VEA v2 centronics end (Prolific PL2305L chipset) | | | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | DYNAMODE USB-C-PP-1284 USB to 36pin (Prolific 2305 chipset) | 0x067b | 0x2305 | 0x02 | {{N/A|untested but similar to BAFO below}} |- | IOGear GUC1284B | | | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | My-Link (raised ellipse on centronics plastic end) (unknown chipset) | | | | {{N/A|untested but more expensive }} |- | NEWLink (Prolific chipset?) | | | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | Targus PA096E centronics end (chipset?) | | | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | TRENDnet ware TU-P1284 | | | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | True PnP (Prolific chipset 2305) cheap 36pin Centronics (series of ridges along both short sides) | 0x067b | 0x2305 | 2.00 | {{N/A|untested on BAFO BF-1284 but reports of poor quality and lack of support on other OSs }} |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Opinion |- | Transparent See Through Blue | | | | {{N/A|untested but possible poor quality build }} |- | Dynamode USB-PARALLEL 25pin female (prolific) | 0x067b | 0x2305 | 0x02 | {{N/A|untested}} |- | FDL USB to 25pin | | | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | PlusKom USB to 25pin female connector for printer (IEEE 1284) | | | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | QinHeng Electronics (CH340S chipset) | 0x1a86 | 0x7584 | | {{N/A|untested curvy sides - flat top }} |- | StarTech | | | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | Syba SD-USB-DB25 | | | | {{N/A|untested}} |- |} Postscript interpreters (eg ghostscript) have been developed as a cheaper option which sit in between postscript data streams and non postscript printers. Ghostscript has internal printer drivers gs -h and with something like gs -sDEVICE=stcolor -r300 -sOutputFile=RAM:tempfile gs813:examples/tiger.ps copytopar ram:tempfile It checks if in RAM: exists a outputfile (Cinnamon can export to PS postscript) then it sends this via copytopar to the printer. There was only support for parport (parallel) but Terminillis added support for USB and ethernet. A big issue with using ghostscript for drivers is that data has to originate as postscript (.PS) file. gs -dSAFER -dBATCH -dNOPAUSE -sDEVICE=ljet4 -sOutputFile=RAM:tempfile RAM:file.pdf the ljet4 output device generates PCL also the pxlmono driver, which generates more generic PXL (PCL 6) gs -q -sstdout=%stderr -sDEVICE=pswrite -sOutputFile=- -dBATCH -dNOPAUSE -dPARANOIDSAFER testpage-a4.ps > test.pdf gs -q -sstdout=%stderr -sDEVICE=pxlmono -sOutputFile=- -dBATCH -dNOPAUSE -dPARANOIDSAFER test.pdf > test.pxl Printers supported by ghostscript...Explanation [http://freebooks.by.ru/view/RedHatLinux6Unleashed/rhl6u151.htm here] or [http://www.gnu.org/software/ghostscript/devices.html here] and [http://pages.cs.wisc.edu/~ghost/doc/printer.htm here] <pre> bit cljet5 ljet4d pjxl300 pxlcolor bitcmyk cljet5c ljetplus pkm pxlmono bitrgb deskjet nullpage pkmraw stp bj10e djet500 pbm pksm tiff12nc bj200 epswrite pbmraw pksmraw tiff24nc bjc600 faxg3 pcx16 png16 tiffcrle bjc800 faxg32d pcx24b png16m tiffg3 bmp16 faxg4 pcx256 png256 tiffg32d bmp16m ijs pcxcmyk pnggray tiffg4 bmp256 jpeg pcxgray pngmono tifflzw bmp32b jpeggray pcxmono pnm tiffpack bmpgray laserjet pdfwrite pnmraw uniprint bmpmono lj5gray pgm ppm x11 bmpsep1 lj5mono pgmraw ppmraw x11alpha bmpsep8 ljet2p pgnm psgray x11cmyk cdeskjet ljet3 pgnmraw psmono x11gray2 cdj550 ljet3d pj psrgb x11gray4 cdjcolor ljet4 pjxl pswrite x11mono cdjmono </pre> ==rawwrap.class - some old flatbed scanners supported== Scandal is the MUI frontend to [http://www.ppa.pl/bugtracker/ Betascan Bugtracker] and [http://aminet.net/search?query=betascan Search for Betascan scanner drivers] derived from [http://www.sane-project.org/sane-backends.html sane backends] [http://www.sane-project.org/sane-backends.html#S-EPSON2 Epson2] {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | Expression 1600 1640XL 1680 10000XL | 0x04b8 | 0x0107 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | Prefection 1200U, 1200 Photo, | 0x04b8 | 0x0104 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | Perfection 1240U | 0x04b8 | 0x010b | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{[https://amigaworld.net/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?topic_id=45760&forum=25 works]|Needs 24V 0.8A psu but in Trident, click on "Classes", then on "rawwrap.class", then on "Configure". There, under "Global", activate the Option "Bind to Vendor/Unknown Interfaces". Now go to the second tab "Default Interface" and select/enter these values: Default usbraw.device Unit: 0 Exclusive access: Yes Out NAK Timeout: 20000ms In NAK Timeout: 20000ms In Buffer Mode: No buffering Buffer Size: 36 KB Short Reads Terminate: Yes Now click on "Use as Default" and select "Devices" on the left. There, click on your scanner and click on "Class Scan". Now close Trident by clicking on "Save". }} |- | Perfection 1640SU Photo | 0x04b8 | 0x010a | 0x0104 | {{yes|works, even the transparency unit}} |- | Perfection 1650 Photo, 1660 Photo, 3200 Photo | 0x04b8 | 0x011c | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | Perfection 2400 Photo, 2450 Photo | 0x04b8 | 0x011b | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | Perfection 4870 Photo, 4990 Photo, | 0x04b8 | 0x0128 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | Perfection V700 V750 Photo | 0x04b8 | 0x012c | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | Stylus CX2800 2900 3200 3500 3600 3650 3700 3800 3900 Stylus CX4100 4200 3500 4600 4700 4800 4900 500 5100 5200 5300 5400 5900 | 0x04b8 | 0x0802 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | Stylus Office BX300F USB | 0x04b8 | 0x0848 | | {{yes| works with good scan quality}} |- |} [http://www.meier-geinitz.de/sane/gt68xx-backend/ gt68xx] scanners based on the Grandtech GT-6801 and GT-6816 "System-On-Chip" scanner chipsets {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | Artec Ultima 2000 and e+, Trust Flat Scan USB 19200 (ePlus2k.usb / Gt680xfw.usb) | 0x05d8 | 0x4002 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | Genius Colorpage Vivid3x 4x 1200x | 0x0458 | 0x2011 to 0x201f | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| (ccd548.fw)}} |- | <!--Description-->Lexmark X70 also X73 [http://subfusion.net/drivers/oslo3071b2.usb OSLO3071b2.usb] | <!--Vendor ID-->0x043d | <!--Product ID-->0x002d | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Medion/Lifetec/Tevion/Cytron MD/LT 9375 and Artec Ultima 2000, MD LT 9385 Gt680xfw.usb | <!--Vendor ID-->0x05d8 | <!--Product ID-->0x4002 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | BearPaw 2448 CS and TA Plus [http://www.meier-geinitz.de/sane/gt68xx-backend/firmware/A2Nfw.usb A2Nfw.usb] | 0x055f | 0x021a | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2009 }} |- | Mustek BearPaw 1200 CS | 0x055f | 0x021e | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| ([http://www.meier-geinitz.de/sane/gt68xx-backend/firmware/A1fw.usb A1fw.usb])}} |- | <!--Description-->Mustek 1200 CU Plus Scanner [http://www.meier-geinitz.de/sane/gt68xx-backend PS1Dfw.usb / SBSfw.usb] | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2000 }} |- | Mustek ScanExpress 1200 UB plus, Trust Compact Scan USB 19200, ScanMagic 1200 UB Plus | 0x05d8 | 0x4002 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| ([http://www.meier-geinitz.de/sane/gt68xx-backend/firmware/sbfw.usb sbfw.usb])}} |- | Mustek ScanExpress 1248 UB aka PC-World PC Line PCL-3000 | 0x055f | 0x021f | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| ([http://www.meier-geinitz.de/sane/gt68xx-backend/firmware/SBSfw.usb SBSfw.usb])}} |- | Mustek BearPaw 2400CS TA aka Goodmans GSC 12/24 | 0x055f | 0x0218 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| (Transparency adapter untested) }} |- | BearPaw 2400 CS aka TA Plus | 0x055f | 0x0219 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| (Transparency adapter) }} |- | Packard Bell Diamond 1200 Plus | 0x055f | 0x021c or 0x021b | 0x0 | {{yes|works - [http://www.meier-geinitz.de/sane/gt68xx-backend/ firmware required] but slow usb 1.1 speed with poor quality output (scanner fault not scandal)}} |- | Packard Bell Diamond 2400 Plus aka BearPaw 2400 CU Plus [http://www.meier-geinitz.de/sane/gt68xx-backend/ PS2Dfw2.usb firmware rename to PS2Dfw.usb] | 0x055f | 0x021d | 1.00 | {{yes|works slow usb 1.1 speed with ok quality output (scanner fault not scandal)}} |- | Plustek OpticPro 1248U | 0x07B3 | 0x0400 0x0401 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| (ccd548.fw)}} |- | Plustek OpticSlim 2400 | 0x07b3 | 0x0422 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| (cis3R5B1.fw)}} |- | Visioneer OneTouch 7300 | 0x04a7 | 0x0444 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| (Cis3r5b1.fw)}} |- | <!--Description-->Mustek ScanEpress 1200 UB (Plus) clone [http://www.meier-geinitz.de/sane/ use mustek_usb backend] | <!--Vendor ID-->0x055f | <!--Product ID-->0x0006 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- |} Lexmark - needs testing {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | Lexmark X1110 | | | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | Lexmark X1140 | | | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | Lexmark X1150 | | | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | Lexmark X1170 | | | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | Lexmark X1180 | | | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | Lexmark X1185 | 0x043d | 0x007c | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | Lexmark X12xx | | | | {{N/A|untested in USB1.1, not fully tested in USB2.0}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Opinion |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | Dell A920 | | | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- |} HP - no driver {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | HP ScanJet 4100C | 0x03f0 | 0x0101 | | {{no|no driver}} |- | HP ScanJet 5200C | 0x03f0 | 0x0401 | | {{no|no driver}} |- | HP ScanJet 62X0C | 0x03f0 | 0x0201 | | {{no|no driver}} |- | HP ScanJet 63X0C | 0x03f0 | 0x0601 | | {{no|no driver}} |- | HP | 0x03f0 | 0x0102, 0x0105, 0x0205, 0x0305, 0x0405 | | {{no|no driver}} |- | HP | 0x03f0 | 0x0705, 0x0805, 0x0901, 0x0a01 | | {{no|no driver}} |- | HP | 0x03f0 | 0x1205, 0x1305, 0x2005, 0x2205 | | {{no|no driver}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- |} Plustek [http://www.sane-project.org/sane-backends.html#S-PLUSTEK LM983x] - no driver {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | Plustek OticPro U12 UT12 UT16 U24 UT24 | 0x07B3 | 0x0010 to 0x0017 | | {{no|no driver}} |- | KYE/Genius Colorpage HR6-V2 HR6A HR7 HR7LE HR6X | 0x0458 | 0x2008 to 0x2016 | | {{no|no driver}} |- | Hewlett-Packard ScanJet 2100C and 2200C | 0x03F0 | 0x0505 and 0x0605 | | {{no|no driver}} |- | Mustek BearPaw 1200 and 2400 | 0x0400 | 0x1000 and 0x1001 | | {{no|no driver}} |- | UMAX 3400/3450 and 5400 | 0x1606 | 0x0050, 0x0060 and 0x0160 | | {{no|no driver}} |- | Epson Perfection 1250 and 1260 | 0x04B8 | 0x010f and 0x011d | | {{no|no driver}} |- | CANON CanoScan N650/656U N1220U D660U N670/676U N1240U LIDE20 LIDE25 LIDE30 | 0x04A9 | 0x2206 to 0x2220 | | {{no|no driver}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |} [http://snapscan.sourceforge.net/ SnapScan] - no driver {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | Acer Benq 310U, 320U, 340U | 0x4a5 | 0x0 | | {{no|no driver}} |- | Acer Benq 620U, 620UT, 640U, 640UT | 0x4a5 | 0x20 | | {{no|no driver}} |- | Acer Benq 1240 3300 4300 | 0x4a5 | 0x020 | | {{no|no driver}} |- | Agfa SnapScan e10 e20 e25 e26 e40 e42 e50 e52 | 0x06bd | 0x20 | | {{no|no driver}} |- | Epson Perfection 660 | 0x04b8 | 0x0114 | | {{no|no driver}} |- | Epson Perfection 1270 1670 | 0x04b8 | 0x0 | | {{no|no driver}} |- | Epson Perfection 2480 2580 | 0x04b8 | 0x0 | | {{no|no driver}} |- | Epson Perfection 3490 3590 | 0x04b8 | 0x0 | | {{no|no driver}} |- | Mitsubishi | 0x0 | 0x0 | | {{no|no driver}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- |} ==hub.class (self-powered and external ac powered hubs)== {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | <!--Description-->Dynamode USB-H41 4 ports | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Opinion |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | Belkin 4 Port | | | | {{yes|works}} |- | Conrad | | | | {{yes|[http://www.a1k.org/forum/showthread.php?t=11432 works on a1k forum] }} |- | DLink DUB-H4 AC Adapter | 0x05e3 | 0x0608 | High 0200 | {{maybe|WARNING Genesys Logic Hub Broken - Will cause failures with USB}} |- | [http://service.targa.co.uk/faq.php?lang_id=2&baseid=178&artdesc=SilverCrest+USB+Hub+2040&artid=760&artpic=silvercrestHUB2040.jpg SilverCrest 4-port slim USB 2.0 HUB - HUB2040 (40775) - Targa GmbH] | 0x05e3 | 0x0608 | 0901 | {{yes|works Genesys Logic, Inc., [http://service.targa.co.uk/dokumente/USB_HUB_2040_0109_manual_EN.pdf Manual]}} |- | Skymaster | 0x05e3 | 0x0605 | 060B | {{yes|works}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | No Name active 4-port | 0x1a40 | 0x0101 | 0111 | {{yes|works}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Opinion |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Thinkpad USB 3.0 Dock DU9019D1 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x17e9 | <!--Product ID-->0x4302 | <!--Revision-->0014 | <!--Opinion-->{{Maybe|works a bit}} classed as dfu.class with two further USB 2.0 hubs - USB 3.0 ports detected and work (2.0 backwards compatibility) - DisplayLink DL-3900 with VIA VL811 chipset - usb ethernet not working - two dvi not working - 20V psu 2a (40w) with a 5.5 - 2.5mm tip (no bus power) - data through a-b printer/scanner usb lead - |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Opinion |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> |- |} ==Internet== ===rndis.class USB Tethering === The rndis class provides support for Ethernet access over Remote NDIS. Most USB based devices should be supported including smartfones. Before opening Network Prefs, activate USB Tethering on the Smartfon, on Network prefs, type in usbrndis.device and tick "Start Network during system boot" and saved the configuration, the Connection is immediate no reboot is needed. When restart AROS my Smartphone deactivates the connection and to access the network again, have to reactivate it before starting the browser. {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | <!--Description-->Alcatel | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{yes|untested}} |- | Huawei U8800 | 0x12d1 | 0x1039 | | {{yes|works}} |- | <!--Description-->Huawei | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{yes|untested}} |- | HTC (Android phone) | 0x0bb4 | 0x0ffe | | {{Yes|any android phone with usb tethering option}} |- | <!--Description-->Nokia | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{yes|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->Oppo | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{yes|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->Samsung Galaxy | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{yes|untested}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Opinion |- |- | <!--Description-->iPhone | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Microsoft winPhone | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |} ===USB &rarr; ethernet lan adaptor=== *2002 playstation 2 usb1.1 era - a little support but very old and slow *2006 wii asix era - a little support but very much miss than hit *2026 usb0: or eth0: of CDC Ethernet protocol (cdcether) with Ethernet Control Model (ECM) and [https://www.usb.org/document-library/class-definitions-communication-devices-12 others like Wireless Mobile Communication Devices WMC] and later CDC EEM (Ethernet Emulation Model) and NCM (Network Control Model) are USB Communication Device Class (CDC) protocols packing more Ethernet traffic over every USB bundle. For CDC Ethernet - NCM is better than EEM is better than ECM * USB1.1 Up to 010 meg broadband (1.25MBytes/s) - ADM8511, DM9601 poor speeds * USB2.0 Up to 400 meg broadband (60MBytes/s) - MCS7830, AX88772 a little especially the 2010 apple version but buy many as very very poor odds of working one * USB3.0 Over 400 meg broadband (60+MBytes/s) - not supported at the moment SANA (Standard Amiga Network Architecture) to usb ADMtek Infineon ADM8511 Pegasus II (USB 1.1 and 10Mbit/s - Sony PlayStation 2 network adapter) {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="5%" |Product ID ! width="5%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | 3Com 3c460b | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2001 }} |- | Abocom UFE1000 / Abocom DSB650TX | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | Accton USB320-EC / Accton SpeedStream Ethernet | 0x083a | 0x0320 | <!--Revision--> | {{unk|2002 }} |- | AEI USB Fast Ethernet / Allied Telesyn AT-USB100 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2002 }} |- | ATEN UC-110T | 0x0557 | 0x4000 | | {{unk|2001 }} |- | BAFO USB To Ethernet Adapter BF-310 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2001 }} |- | Belkin F5D5050 v1 1101 | 0x050D | | <!--Revision--> | {{maybe|2002 sometimes works from old amiga.org post which is now removed}} |- | Belkin F5D5050 v2 2101 | 0x050D | 0x0121 | <!--Revision--> | {{no|2006 does not works}} |- | Belkin F5U122-PC | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | Billionton USB-100 / Billionton USBLP-100 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | Billionton USBEL-100 / Billionton USBE-100 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | Compex LinkPort/UE202A | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | D-Link DSB-H3ETX | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | D-Link DSB-650 / D-Link DSB-650TX / D-Link DSB-650TX-PNA | 0x2001 | 0x4000 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | D-Link DU-E10 / D-Link DU-E100 | 0x2001 | | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | Edimax USB Ethernet Adapter EU-4201 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | Elsa AG MicroLink USB2 Lan Ethernet adapter | 0x05cc | 0x3000 | <!--Revision-->1.01 | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | GetNet | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | GIGABYTE GN-BR402W Wireless Router | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Goodway Fellowes USB UE-120 REV:V1 UE120 ADMTek 1011594 HO2419741 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x07a6 | <!--Product ID-->0x0986 | <!--Revision-->0001 | <!--Opinion-->{{maybe|2001 USB Specification 1.1 compliant}} |- | GWC Tech USB Ethernet Adapter | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | Hawking UF100 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | HP HN210E / I/O DATA USB ETTX / Kingston KNU101TX | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | Jinco USB Ethernet Adapter 10/100 Base-T UE-110 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | Kouwell USB to Ethernet 588A | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | Linksys USB10T / TA / TX | 0x066b | 0x2202 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|untested - possible peg1/peg2}} |- | Linksys (Cisco) USB100TX / H1 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | Logitec LAN-TX/U1 H2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | [http://www.mayflash.com/psps2/ps2024/ps2024.htm Mayflash PS2024] Playstation2 compatible clone of Proxim/Farallon NetLine? | 0x07a6 | 0x8511 | <!--Revision-->1.01 | <!--Opinion-->{{maybe|works with DHCP router option on old 32bit distros but not on newer 64bit, best to go asixeth apple 2010 but buy many of them as poor success rate i.e. a lottery}} |- | Netgear FA101 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | Philips CPWUE01/00 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | Planet UE-9500 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | PlayStation 2 SCPH-10000 50000 models | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | Proxim (formerly Farallon) NetLine USB PN796-650 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | Siemens SpeedStream USB | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | SOHOware NUB100 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | SMC EZNET-USB 2202USB/ETH / SMC 2206USB/ETH | 0x0707 | 0x0100 0x0200 0x0201 | <!--Revision--> | {{unk|untested but should work very well }} |- | Surecom EP-1427X 100/10M | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | Target USB to 10/100M Fast Ethernet Converter | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Trendnet TU-ET100C | 0x07a6 | 0x8511 | <!--Revision-->0x0 | {{yes| sometimes works well, very stable}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Opinion |- | <!--Description-->Digitus USB NIC DN-3016-A | 0x07a6 | 0x8513 | 1.01 | {{unk|untested new chipset }} |- | Digitus lanusb ADM8515 | 0x07a6 | 0x8515 | 1.01 | {{unk|untested because new chipset }} |- | VE285 usblan ADMtek 8515 | 0x07a6 | 0x8515 | 1.01 | {{no|not working as new chipset }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- |} Davicom DM9601 eth (USB 1.1 and up to 10Mbit/s) {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | Davicom USB-100 see clone below | 0x0a46 | 0x9601 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2001 }} |- | [http://wiki.maemo.org/USB_to_ethernet_networking chinese translucent transparent crystal blue] but variants are also found in clear, white and black. Just over 6&nbsp;cm long. | 0x0a46 | 0x9601 | 0x0 | {{yes|2002 success can be sporadic so technically okay, but lacking in reliability. Out of 4 tested by me, only 2 worked. One case cracked open. }} |- | Corega FEther USB-TXC | 0x07aa | 0x9601 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | Dynamode USB-NIC-1427-100 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | Hirose USB-100 | 0x0a47 | 0x9601 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | KY-RS9600 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{yes|[http://www.amiga.org/forums/showpost.php?p=585358&postcount=12 works] }} |- | ShanTou ST268 USB NIC | 0x0a46 | 0x0268 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | ZT6688 USB NIC | 0x0a46 | 0x6688 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->ICS Advent DM9601 USB 2.0 10/100M Ethenet Adaptor JP1081B | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0FE6 | <!--Product ID-->0x9700 | <!--Revision-->0101 | <!--Opinion-->{{No|not working 32bit and 64bit - USB 1.1 10M ethernet}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> |- |} MosChip MCS7830 (USB 2) {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | Digitus DN-10050 | 0x9710 | 0x7830 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2004 }} |- | Edimax [http://www.edimax.co.uk/images/Image/datasheet/USB/EU-4206/EU-4206.pdf EU-4206] | | | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2005 }} |- | Speed Dragon | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | STLabs | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | StarTech Compact USB2105S [http://www.kustompcs.co.uk/acatalog/info_6790.html USB2106S] | 0x9710 | 0x7830 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2007 }} |- | Sunrich Technologies [http://www.st-lab.com/admin/upfile/UploadFile/manual/manual(u-250).zip U-250] | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2006 }} |- | Syba | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Opinion |- | <!--Description-->MCS 7832 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|2008 }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> |- |} * USB2 [https://www.asix.com.tw/en/product/USBEthernet Asix Ethernet] AX88178A, AX88772C, AX88772B, AX88772A (wii), AX88172A * USB3 AX88179A, AX88179 {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | AirLink101 AGIGAUSB | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2009 AX88172}} |- | ATEN UC210T | 0x0557 | 0x2009 | 0x | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| AX88172}} |- | <!--Description-->Billionton Systems USB2AR | <!--Vendor ID-->0x08dd | <!--Product ID-->0x90ff | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No| }} |- | <!--Description-->Buffalo LUA-U2-KTX | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0411 | <!--Product ID-->0x003d | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No| }} |- | <!--Description-->corega FEther USB2-TX | <!--Vendor ID-->0x07aa | <!--Product ID-->0x0017 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no| }} |- | D-Link DUB-E100 up to rev A4 | 0x2001 | 0x1a00 | | <!--Opinion-->{{No| }} |- | <!--Description-->D-Link DUB-E100 rev B1 onwards | 0x07d1 or 0x2001 | 0x3c05 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{Maybe|AX88172 works on Deneb with [http://amigax.com/2010/02/21/usb-ethernet-speed-test-amigaos-4-0-classic/ Amiga OS4 Classic] and [http://www.a1k.org/forum/showthread.php?t=11432 on a1k] }} |- | <!--Description-->goodway corp USB gwusb2e | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1631 | <!--Product ID-->0x6200 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Hawking UF200 | 0x07b8 | 0x420a | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->[Linksys USB200M] | 0x077b | 0x2226 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{yes|[http://www.amiga.org/forums/showpost.php?p=585601&postcount=20 works] }} |- | <!--Description-->Netgear FA120 | 0x0846 | 0x1040 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested 2002 10/100 Rev.B1" is silkscreened on the board of the device populating this entry (S/N: FA12254CB100409, date code 0508). This device may be manuf. by [http://www.cameo.com.tw/ Cameo] "AX88172 L", "F05040157", and "ED3" Chip1 ASIX AX88172 Chip2 Realtek RTL8201BL}} |- | <!--Description-->Intellinet | 0x0b95 | 0x1720 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->JVC MP-PRX1 Port Replicator | <!--Vendor ID-->0x04f1 | <!--Product ID-->0x3008 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->ST Lab USB Ethernet | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0b95 | <!--Product ID-->0x1720 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Sitecom LN-029 "USB 2.0 10/100 Ethernet adapter" | <!--Vendor ID-->0x6189 | <!--Product ID-->0x182d | <!--Revision-->0 | <!--Opinion-->{{No| }} |- | <!--Description-->Surecom EP-1427X-2 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1189 | <!--Product ID-->0x0893 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No| }} |- | <!--Description-->TrendNet TU2-ET100 v2 | 0x07b8 | 0x420a | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{Maybe|version 2}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Opinion |- | <!--Description-->A-LINK NA1GU | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| 88772}} |- | <!--Description-->AirLink101 ASOHOUSB Wii | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->AirLive EtherWe-1000U | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->APPLE AX88772 Model No. A1277 MC704LL/A P/N 825-7098-A | <!--Vendor ID-->0x05ac | <!--Product ID-->0x1402 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|2008 usb2, }} |- | <!--Description-->APPLE Model No. A1277 (MB442Z/A 0885909217434) MC704ZM/A PN 825-7579-A | <!--Vendor ID-->0x05ac | <!--Product ID-->0x1402 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{Maybe|2010 model, usb2 and controller AX88772 where prehaps 1in3 units working with owb - really poor odds i.e. a lottery, could be situation where various ethernet phy chipsets are used - press Use in network prefs after Save initial setup typing in usbasixeth.device, }} |- | <!--Description-->ASIX AX88772 bulbous casing | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0b95 | <!--Product ID-->0x7720 | <!--Revision-->0x0 | <!--Opinion-->{{maybe|2008 works on 32bit and 64bit though setup can take a few attempts but may have issues with phy ethernet chip changing, }} |- | <!--Description-->Datel Wii Lan Adapter DUS0204 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2007 }} |- | <!--Description-->EdiMax EU-4207 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2008 }} |- | <!--Description-->Goodway HE2230 Maplin ASIX 88772 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2008 }} |- | <!--Description-->Intec LAN G5626 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2008 }} |- | <!--Description-->LevelOne USB-0202 | 0x0b95 | <!--Product ID-->0x07720 | <!--Revision-->0x | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2008 }} |- | <!--Description-->LevelOne USB-0301 | 0x0b95 | <!--Product ID-->0x07720 | <!--Revision-->0x | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2009 }} |- | <!--Description-->Linksys USB200M Rev 2 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x13b1 | <!--Product ID-->0x0018 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{maybe|2008 sparsely randomly working AX88772 or with "Sana-II Meter Tool 37.11" network monitoring program, showing continuous "Bad Packet" errors which could means "CRC" errors}} |- | <!--Description-->Linksys USB300M | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{maybe|2009 AX88772 }} |- | <!--Description-->Mayflash W001 or clones Lupo/PEGA S-Wii-0680 light gray rectangular with third of one top 45 degree angled slope | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0b95 | <!--Product ID-->0x7720 | <!--Revision-->0x0 | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| may have randomly changed phy ethernet chips, }} |- | <!--Description-->Max Value MVF00446 ASIN B006EG568A | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0b95 | <!--Product ID-->0x7720 | <!--Revision-->0x0 | <!--Opinion-->{{Maybe|Trident prefs recognises as AX88772 sometimes works on 32bit and 64bit}} |- | <!--Description-->NEWLink N14050 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->NEWLink Wii-ETH USB2.0 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Nintendo Wii LAN Adaptor 2110566 and clones | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0b95 | <!--Product ID-->0x07720 | <!--Revision-->0x | <!--Opinion-->{{Maybe|Poseidon recognises as AX88772 with usbasixeth.device sometimes works seems different ethernet phy chips can be matched affecting compatibility}} |- | <!--Description-->Nyko Wii Net Connect 87024 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{yes|[http://www.amiga.org/forums/showpost.php?p=585624&postcount=22 works] }} |- | <!--Description-->0Q0 cable ethernet | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1557 | <!--Product ID-->0x7720 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Plugable USB2-E100 (2009/2010) Bulbous housing | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0b95 | <!--Product ID-->0x7720 | <!--Revision-->0x0 | <!--Opinion-->{{Maybe|Trident prefs recognises it as ax88772A and typing in usbasixeth.device sometimes works}} |- | <!--Description-->Sabrent KINAMAX | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->SpeedLink SL-3401-SGY | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->TrendNet TU2-ET100 v3 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->UGreen 20254 USB2 to 10/100 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| AX88772}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Opinion |- | <!--Description-->Afunta Apple-style White USB2.0 I/O Crest SY-ADA24005 ASIX Electronics Corp. AX88772A Fast Ethernet Adapter | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0b95 | <!--Product ID-->0x772a | <!--Revision-->0x | <!--Opinion-->{{no|usbasixeth.device accepted by network prefs but does not work}} |- | <!--Description-->Amazon Basics USB 2.0 AX88772A | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Digitus DN-10050-1 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0b95 | <!--Product ID-->0x772a | <!--Revision-->0x0 | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Edimax EU-4230 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0b95 | <!--Product ID-->0x772a | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Sabrent KINAMAX NT-USB20 AX88772A | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Opinion |- | <!--Description--> AX88772B USB 2.0 to 10/100M | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0B95 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2010 }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0B95 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->EdiMax EU-4208 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0B95 | <!--Product ID-->0x772b | <!--Revision-->0x | <!--Opinion-->{{No|Detected but not working}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0B95 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->StarTech USB2100 ASIX AX88772C | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0B95 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0B95 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->[https://www.asix.com.tw/en/product/USBEthernet/High-Speed_USB_Ethernet/AX88772D AX88772D] | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0B95 | <!--Product ID-->0x1790 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2011 }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0B95 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->[https://www.asix.com.tw/en/product/USBEthernet/High-Speed_USB_Ethernet/AX88772E AX88772E] | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0B95 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2012 }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0B95 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Opinion |- | <!--Description-->AX88178 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|2004 }} |- | <!--Description-->Plugable USB2-E1000 i.e. USB 2.0 to Gigabit Ethernet 10/100/1000 LAN | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2011 ASIX AX88178 Controller and Realtek RTL8211CL PHY}} |- | <!--Description-->AX88178A USB 2.0 to 10/100/1000M Gigabit Ethernet controller | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|2005 }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> |- |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Opinion |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->AmazonBasics USB3.0 adapter [https://github.com/nothingstopsme/AX88179_178A_Linux_Driver AX88179] | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Cable Matters SuperSpeed USB 3.0 RJ45 adapter | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Hori Nintendo Switch 1 USB3 ethernet AX88179 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0b95 | <!--Product ID-->0x1790 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|2017 AX88179 not binding to asixeth.class }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Plugable USB3-E1000 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0b95 | <!--Product ID-->0x1790 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|2020 ASIX AX88179 not binding to class, USB 3.2 Gen1 to Gigabit Ethernet controller with integrated 10/100/1000Mbps Gigabit Ethernet PHY}} |- | <!--Description-->Plugable AX88179 = [https://plugable.com/products/usb3-e1000-deal USB3-E1000] before mid-2023 or USB3-E1000; AX88179A = USBC-E1000 after mid-2023 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2022 controller is AX88179 phy is ??, }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->StarTech USB31000SPTW ax88179 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0b95 | <!--Product ID-->0x1790 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no| AX88179 not binding to asixeth.class, }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->StarTech USB31000NDS AX88179 USB-A | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->StarTech US1GC301AU AX88179 USB-c | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->StarTech US1GC30B2 AX88179A USB-c | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->StarTech USB32000SPT AX88179A USB-c Rev 1 (AX88179) Rev 2 (AX88179A) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->USB32000SPT the Lot code sticker will have a bar code accompanied by a 10 digit number. The 5th and 6th digits of this lot code number would signify the revision. (Ex. xxxx02xxxx which would indicate rev. 2) |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->SYBA SY-ADA24029 Gigabit AX88179 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No| }} may depend on the PHY chip connected to the controller chipset |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->TP-Link UE306 AX88179 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->TeckNet® Orico UL677G 10/100 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->TeckNet® UL688G USB 3.0 10/100/1000 Base-T Ethernet port | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->AX88179 178A |- | <!--Description-->Tecknet UL699G | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->TrendNet TU2-ET100 v6 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x07b8 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|no support }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->uGreen 50922 USB3-A to 100/1000 dark grey rounded barrels | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0b95 | <!--Product ID-->0x | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no| ax88179 not binding to asixeth.class, }} |- | <!--Description-->UGreen USB3-C to 100/1000 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0b95 | <!--Product ID-->0x1790 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->uGreen CR111 20256 usb3 a black plastic | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| AX88179}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Opinion |- | <!--Description--> AX88179A | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Plugable USB3-E1000 USBC-E1000 after mid-2023 i.e. AX88179A | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->StarTech USB31000SPTB | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0b95 | <!--Product ID-->0x1790 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| AX88179A USB-A, }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Opinion |- | <!--Description--> AX88179B | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |} ==USB &rarr; SerialPort Converter== *2002 some support for early revisions of PL2303 *2005 Prolific PL2303H PL-2303X and Pl-2303HX (same usb ids as pl2303) no support *2025 FTDI 232R [https://www.arosworld.org/infusions/forum/viewthread.php?thread_id=1135&highlight=232r&rowstart=20 work in progress] *2026 CDC-ACM i.e. Serial port over USB standard serialpl2303.class make sure you specify serialpl2303.device or Echo "Test" >SER1: {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | ATEN UC-232A | 0x0557 | 0x2008 | Full 0x0300 | {{N/A|untested}} |- | IOGear GUC232A | 0x0557 | 0x2008 | Full 0x0110 | {{N/A|untested}} |- | Alcatel | 0x11f7 | 0x02df | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | BAFO BF-810 | 0x067B | 0x2303 | 0x0 | {{N/A|untested}} |- | Belkin F5U103 | 0x | 0x | 0x0 | {{N/A|untested}} |- | Davibe SP611 | 0x067B | 0x2303 | 0x0 | {{N/A|untested}} |- | Dcu10 | 0x0731 | 0x0528 | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | Elcom | 0x056e | 0x5003 | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | IOData | 0x04bb | 0x0a03 | 0x0 | {{N/A|untested}} |- | Itegno | 0x0eba | 0x1080 | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | Nokia CA42 | | | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | Radioshack | 0x1453 | 0x4026 | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | Ratoc | 0x0584 | 0xb000 | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | Samsung | 0x04e8 | 0x8001 | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | Siemens DCA-510 | 0x067B | 0x2303 | 0x0 | {{N/A|untested}} |- | Sitecom CN104 | 0x6189 | 0x2068 | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | Sitecom CN116 | 0x6189 | 0x2068 | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | Some Cut Ma620 | 0x0df7 | 0x0620 | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | Speed Dragon Multimedia MS3303H | | | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | Syntech | | | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->Tripp | 0x2478 | 0x2008 | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Opinion |- | <!--Description-->Airlink101 AC-USBS | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no driver }} |- | <!--Description-->Belkin F5U103v | 0x067B | 0x2303 | 0x0 | {{no|no driver }} |- | Dynamode U232-P9 | 0x067B | 0x2303 | 300 | {{no| no driver [http://koti.mbnet.fi/lonnberg/pl2303x.html linux patch] and using lsusb -v -d 067b:2303 gave bMaxPacketSize as 64 - pl2303x }} |- | Konig CABLE-146/2 USB to RS232 | 0x067b | 0x2303 | 400 | {{no|no driver }} |- | MANHATTAN 205146 USB to Serial Converter | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no driver }} |- | Sabrent SBT-USC1M | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no driver }} |- | <!--Description-->Trendnet TU-59 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no driver }} |- | <!--Description-->Unbranded black case and lead USB 232 Converter | <!--Vendor ID-->0x067B | <!--Product ID-->0x2303 | <!--Revision-->0300 | <!--Opinion-->{{No| }} |- |} [http://www.ftdichip.com/index.html Future Technology Devices International Ltd FTDI]-FT232R.class [https://ftdichip.com/software-examples/code-examples/c-builder/ FTProg src], [http://rtr.ca/ft232r/ ft232r src], [https://ftdichip.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/DS_FT232R.pdf FT232R datasheet], [], {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no driver}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0403 | <!--Product ID-->0x6001 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no driver}} [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1GE-gKgHxZI beware of cheap clones fake with s/n A50285BI SN] |- | <!--Description-->Lynx Astro FTDI | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0403 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no driver}} FT232R |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no driver}} |- | <!--Description-->Sabrent CB-FTDI | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0403 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | {{no|no driver TTL-232R cables use FTDI's [http://n1mm.hamdocs.com/tiki-index.php?page=USB+Interface+Devices FT232RQ ic device] }} |- | <!--Description-->Startech.com 1 Port FTDI USB to Serial RS232 DB9M Adapter Cable with COM Retention ICUSB2321F | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0403 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no driver}} FT232RL Chipset |- | <!--Description-->StarTech.com 2 Port FTDI USB to Serial RS232 Adapter Cable ICUSB2322F | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0403 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no driver}} FTDI FT2232D Chipset |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Opinion |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no driver}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no driver}} FT232RL is the SSOP-28 and the FT232RQ is the QFN-32 package option |} [https://www.onetransistor.eu/2017/08/ch341a-mini-programmer-schematic.html ch341a.class] *I2C EEPROMS (3.3V and 5V) compatible and also SPI FLASH memories (3.3V devices) making sure 1.8V is covered *each having their own [https://winraid.level1techs.com/t/guide-how-to-use-a-ch341a-spi-programmer-flasher-with-pictures/33041 4x2 connection blocks] using [https://github.com/flashrom/flashrom flashrom] sudo flashrom --programmer ch341a_spi -r backup.bin sudo flashrom --programmer ch341a_spi -w <new bios name> {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | <!--Description-->Jiangsu QinHeng Ltd CH341A emulate UART communication, standard parallel port, memory parallel port and synchronous serial (I2C, SPI) | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1A86 | <!--Product ID-->0x5512 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no driver}} |- | <!--Description-->QinHeng USB2.0-Serial HL-340 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1A86 | <!--Product ID-->0x7523 | <!--Revision-->0252 | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no driver}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no driver}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no driver}} |} ==simplemidi.class and CAMD== Currently support includes * simplemidi.class SimpleMidi maps some keyboard keys to corresponding computer keys as used by music trackers to emulate a musical keyboard * camdusbmidi.class follows the rules of the m68k implementation of Commodore's CAMD midi specification and usb class compliant for * usb host like a computer, pi, etc * usb device controllers - keyboards, drum machines, djay turntables, grooveboxes, etc * interfaces - cables or boxes which convert usb to 5pin DIN plug midi What is needed is a fully class-compliant '''brand name''' USB MIDI keyboard, especially manufactured in the last 15 years are best *Arturia *Novation *M-Audio *Akai Plugging this in one of your USB ports, the camd.library will make the keyboard's MIDI IN/OUT ports available in the system. Then select the keyboard's MIDI IN port (known as a "cluster" in CAMD) for input, and the software instrument's cluster as output ShowCluster (shows midi ports available in and out) MidiWatch (usually port usbmidi.in.0 less often usbmidi.out.0) (Ctrl-C to end output stream) usbmidi.in.0 Message on channel 01, NoteOn 90 39 08 00 usbmidi.in.0 Message on channel 01, NoteOff 80 39 00 00 MidiThru (forwards messages from one port to another) run >nil: c:midithru usbmidi.out.0 usbmidi.out.2 MidiSendC (sends a middle C to a specific port) Midi Controller + Sound Module (together aka as a synth) -> Audio Output The difference between midi and midi over USB is that in old school Midi the transmitter transmits whenever it wants and the receiver always has to be prepared to receive data. Easy to do at the rate of a 1990's modem speed these days. USB over midi.. turns midi into a polled protocol.. So the USB host (typically the computer) has to ask "do you have anything for me" before the remote will send. If the USB host gets busy doing other things or there is a lot of things on the USB bus to get polled, you can get delays. For its age midi is still a great protocol for music * [https://www.usb.org/sites/default/files/midi10.pdf USBIF's "USB Device Class Definition for MIDI Devices" document, version 1.0 from Nov 1, 1999] * [https://www.usb.org/sites/default/files/USB%20MIDI%20v2_0.pdf MIDI v2.0 from 2020 which AROS still needs, adds support for MIDI 2.0, MIDI-CI, and Universal MIDI Packet] Nearly all synthesizers now use the 16 MIDI channels available on a MIDI bus in one instrument alone, requiring multiple MIDI busses in a typical setup with more than one MIDI instrument. In addition, by handling multiple "virtual" cables, USB offers a solution to go beyond MIDI's 16-channel limit. MIDI data is transferred over USB using 32-bit USB-MIDI Event Packets. These packets provide an efficient method to transfer multiple MIDI streams with fixed length messages. The 32-bit USB-MIDI Event Packet allows multiple "virtual MIDI cables" routed over the same USB endpoint. This approach minimizes the number of required endpoints. It also makes parsing MIDI events easier by packetizing the separate bytes of a MIDI event into one parsed USB-MIDI event. {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="25%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="5%" |Product ID ! width="5%" |Revision ! width="15%" |CAMD ! width="30%" |Opinion |- | <!--Description-->Computer | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD--> | <!--Opinion-->{{Yes|which acts as USB midi host to get all usb devices talking together}} |- | <!--Description-->Hobbytronics usb host standalone | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->bomebox | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->[https://neuma.studio/rpi-as-midi-host/ raspberry pi] with several midi interface(s) and linux scripting | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Kenton MIDI USB Host mk3 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |} {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="25%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="5%" |Product ID ! width="5%" |Revision ! width="15%" |CAMD ! width="30%" |Opinion |- | <!--Description-->Acorn Instruments Masterkey 49 device | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2018 untested usb powered 5V regulated - similar keybed to keystation 49es but unplug then re-plug the USB cable while it is powered the device might reconnect |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{maybe| }} | <!--Opinion--> midi keyboard controller |- | <!--Description-->Akai SynthStation 25 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion-->2010 - sticky rubber keys - usb |- | <!--Description-->Akai MPK Mini Laptop Production Keyboard | <!--Vendor ID-->0x09e8 | <!--Product ID-->0x007c | <!--Revision-->0100 | <!--CAMD-->{{Yes|detected and camd usb to use, not tested with apps}} | <!--Opinion-->2010 25 mini key self powered by mini USB lead - sustain port - no top left corner joystick - tested icaros 2.3 - |- | <!--Description-->Akai LPK25 LPK37 LPK49 Laptop Production Keyboard | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested }} | <!--Opinion-->2012 untested velocity sensitive mini keys with synth action - weak mini USB port - latency issues - |- | <!--Description-->Akai Professional APC Key 25 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion-->2012 |- | <!--Description-->Akai MPK49 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| untested}} | <!--Opinion-->2012 untested 49 key 49-key full-sized, semi-weighted keyboard with aftertouch - |- | <!--Description-->AKAI Max25 MAX49 control keyboard | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested }} | <!--Opinion-->2014 usb compliant |- | <!--Description-->Akai Professional MPK249 MPK261 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion-->2015 USB2 USB-b - full keys semi-weighted aftertouch - midi in out - sustain and peddle port |- | <!--Description-->Akai Professional Advance 49 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion-->2016 |- | <!--Description-->Akai MPK Mini MKII MK2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| untested}} | <!--Opinion-->2017 untested USB2 USB-b midi connection only - 4 way thumb joystick top left - 25 tiny keys - velocity drum pads - plastic build quality - |- | <!--Description-->AKAI Professional APC Key 25 MK2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| driver}} | <!--Opinion-->2017 |- | <!--Description-->Akai MPK Mini Play | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2021 untested USB2 USB-b midi connection only - synth basic samples - class compliant? - small led display top centre - 25 mini keys - press and hold the "Prog Select" button then use the "Program" knob to assign a MIDI channel - |- | <!--Description-->Akai MPK Mini 3 MKIII MK3 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x09E8 | <!--Product ID-->0x1049 | <!--Revision-->0200 | <!--CAMD-->{{Yes|detected audio class and bindings with camdusbmidi.class - - midi in out untested - }} | <!--Opinion-->2021 USB2 USB-b midi controller connection no 5pin legacy - small led display top centre - 25 mini keys goofy uneven feel of the akai keyboards - press and hold the "Prog Select" button and press pad 1 to 8 to assign a MIDI channel - tested on AROS One 2.4 usb |- | <!--Description-->Akai Force / MPC One | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{Maybe| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Akai Pro MPK Mini Plus | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{Maybe| }} | <!--Opinion-->2023 untested 37 mini keys - class compliant device - usb-b bus powered only with 5pin midi in and out - Shift and Global for Midi Ch - |- | <!--Description-->Akai Pro Ableton Push Mk 1 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Akai Professional MPC Key 37 49 61 midi controller | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| untested}} | <!--Opinion-->2023 untested USB2 usb-b |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion--> |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | CAMD | Opinion |- | <!--Description-->Alesis Photon PH-25 X25 Midi & USB keyboard/synth | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion-->2005 midi keyboard controller |- | <!--Description-->Alesis Q25 Q49 Q61 Q88 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{Maybe| }} | <!--Opinion-->2014 untested |- | <!--Description-->Alesis Coda Pro Portable 88-Key Digital Piano USB MIDI Keyboard | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion-->2015 |- | <!--Description-->Alesis V25 V49 V61 midi controller | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| untested}} | <!--Opinion-->2017 |- | <!--Description-->Alesis V Mini | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{Maybe| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Alesis VI49 VI61 midi controller | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{Maybe| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Alesis VX49 VX61 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion-->2016 1 5-pin MIDI input, 1 5-pin MIDI output, 1 USB port, |- | <!--Description-->Alesis Q25 Q49 Q61 Mk2 MKII | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion-->2018 |- | <!--Description-->Alesis Recital 88 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion-->2020 |- | <!--Description-->Alesis V25 V49 V61 MK2 MKII | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2022 |- | <!--Description-->Alesis Qmini portable 32-key | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion-->2023 |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->audiothingies MicroMonsta | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2016 untested synth - |- | <!--Description-->audiothingies MicroMonsta 2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2019 synth - |- | <!--Description-->Arturia Analog Experience “The Player” USB MIDI Master Keyboard Model APE25 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1C75 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion-->2010 usb-b bus powered - |- | <!--Description-->Arturia MiniLab Mk1 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1C75 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion-->2013 maybe class complaint |- | <!--Description-->Arturia MiniLab MkII Mk2 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1C75 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion-->2016 maybe class complaint |- | <!--Description-->Arturia Keystep 32 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1C75 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{Maybe| }} | <!--Opinion-->2016 untested 32 mini keys usb compliant |- | <!--Description-->Arturia KeyLab 61 88 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1C75 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{Maybe| }} | <!--Opinion-->2017 untested hammer-action Fatar keybed - reset Press and hold Oct + and Oct – buttons then insert the USB cable - |- | <!--Description-->Arturia MiniLab mkII | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1C75 | <!--Product ID-->0x2209 | <!--Revision-->0100 | <!--CAMD-->{{Yes|detected audio class and bindings with camdusbmidi.class - - midi in out untested - }} | <!--Opinion-->2017 USB2 usb-b bus power - metal base heavier than most - Shift and press a key to select the MIDI Channel - To reset to original factory, unplug the USB cable, hold down the Oct- and Oct + buttons, plug the USB cable back in and continue to hold the buttons until the pads turn white - need software to change parameters like velocity sensitive assistance - |- | <!--Description-->Arturia KeyLab MK2 MKII 61 88 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1C75 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested }} | <!--Opinion-->2017 untested hammer-action Fatar keybed |- | <!--Description-->Arturia MicroFreak | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1C75 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion-->2019 hybrid digital/analog synthesis, |- | <!--Description-->[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PeYIAfn3UMs Arturia Minilab 3] [https://www.youtube.com/shorts/chj1WgMupGw ] [https://www.youtube.com/shorts/FMVdfhzg1Dw ] | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1C75 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| untested}} | <!--Opinion-->2020 untested usb-c bus powered - 25 mini keys semi - |- | <!--Description-->Arturia Keystep Pro | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1C75 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion-->2020 |- | <!--Description-->Arturia MiniLab 3 Mk3 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1C75 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion-->2022 maybe class complaint |- | <!--Description-->Arturia MiniFreak | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1C75 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion-->2022 |- | <!--Description-->Arturia KeyLab Essential 49 61 88 mk3 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1C75 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2023 untested usb-c and 1 midi out - lack of aftertouch - |- | <!--Description-->Arturia AstroLab | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1C75 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2024 |- | <!--Description-->Arturia KeyLab MK3 MKIII 61 88 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1C75 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2025 untested hammer-action Fatar keybed |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Behringer UMX61 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{maybe|untested}} | <!--Opinion-->2007 |- | <!--Description-->Behringer U-Control UMX490 UMX610 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion-->2010 |- | <!--Description-->Behringer U-Control | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Behringer Swing 32-Key | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Behringer MOTOR 49 - 49-Key USB/MIDI Master Controller Keyboard | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion--> |- |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | CAMD | Opinion |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion--> midi keyboard controller |- | <!--Description-->Creative EMU Xboard 25 E-MU X-Board 49 61 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No|untested}} | <!--Opinion-->2008 |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->CME M-Key Mkey 49 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion-->2008 stops sending MIDI on a regular basis. The simplest "fix" is to flip it off and on via the power switch at the back |- | <!--Description-->CME Ukey U-Key | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion-->2009 |- | <!--Description-->CME Xkey | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion-->2014 low-profile aluminium full size pressure sensitive with polyphonic aftertouch but keys make too much noise and that they can be too sensitive to velocity - low power draw 25ma |- | <!--Description-->CME M-Key 49 V2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion-->2014 simplified version of the U-key Mobiltone |- | <!--Description-->CME XKEY AIR 37 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion-->2019 |- | <!--Description-->cme xkey 37 le | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion-->2020 |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{ | }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Donner Spaceline DMK-25 Donnerdeal Rantion | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Donner DMK25 PRO | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion--> 25 mini velocity keys with limited aftertouch - usb-c powered - 8 drum pads - 3.5mm "midi out" socket - |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{ | }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Elektron Digitakt | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2015 expensive later midi usb class compliant with since 1.5 Update |- | <!--Description-->Elecktron Digitone | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Elektron Digitone Keys 37-key Digital FM Synthesizer | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion-->2018 expensive |- | <!--Description-->Elektron Analog Four MKII | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Elektron Octatrak MKII | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{ | }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->ESI keycontrol | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->ESI keycontrol 49+ | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->ESI keycontrol 25xt | <!--Vendor ID-->0x2702 | <!--Product ID-->0x2702 | <!--Revision-->0100 | <!--CAMD-->{{Yes|detected and usb driver working}} | <!--Opinion-->2011 bus powered or 12v 0.5a dc in - metal base so heavy - midi out 5pin - sustain pedal port - modulation slider - rubber coated knobs becomes sticky - |- | <!--Description-->ESI keycontrol 49xt 61xt 88xt | <!--Vendor ID-->0x2702 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision-->0100 | <!--CAMD-->{{Yes|detected}} | <!--Opinion-->2011 12v 0.5a center pin +ve external psu required - USB i/o and 1 legacy 5pin out - full sized keys - heavy aluminium case keyboard metal base - |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{maybe| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Evolution MK-125 MK-149 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->2000 9v |- | <!--Description-->Evolution MK-225C MK-249C | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->2003 9v |- | <!--Description-->Evolution USB/Midi Controller MK-425C MK-449C MK-461C | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No|25, 49, 61 keys - }} | <!--Opinion-->2006 9V or 12V - |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{maybe| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> midi keyboard controller |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | CAMD | Opinion |- | <!--Description-->IK Multimedia iRig Keys Pro | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion-->2014 37 full keys |- | <!--Description-->IK Multimedia iRig Keys Pro Mobile | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion-->2014 25 or 37 mini keys |- | <!--Description-->IK Multimedia iRig Keys 2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion-->2020 mini velocity keys no aftertouch - |- | <!--Description-->IK Multimedia iRig Keys 2 PRO | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion-->2020 full velocity keys no aftertouch - |- | <!--Description-->IK Multimedia iRig Keys | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{maybe| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Kawai VPC 1 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion--> weighted keys - heavy build - |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Keith McMillen Instruments K-Board | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion--> omni class compliant to all channels? each keypad makes them velocity, pressure, and location sensitive but not really suited for piano playing |- | <!--Description-->Keith McMillen BopPad | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion--> omni class compliant to all channels? |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{maybe| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Korg NanoKontrol 1 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->mini usb |- | <!--Description-->Korg Prophecy | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->KORG microKONTROL | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{no| }} | <!--Opinion-->2010 |- | <!--Description-->Korg microKEY | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| untested}} | <!--Opinion-->2011 velocity-sensitive Natural Touch keys but joystick is an alternative to the common pitch/modulation wheel design - power draw - |- | <!--Description-->Korg nanoKey nanoPad | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion-->2011 |- | <!--Description-->Korg Taktile | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Korg microKEY2 25 37 49 61 USB | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|2015 untested}} | <!--Opinion-->2015 USB powered - semi weighted - |- | <!--Description-->Korg MiniList | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Korg MinKey nanoPad nanoPad 2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Korg Nautilus | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2024 |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{maybe| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> midi keyboard controller |- | <!--Description-->Kurzweil PC3 7 series - Artis 7 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion-->fatar TP-8 semi-weighted action |- | <!--Description-->Kurzweil PC1 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Kurzweil PC3 A8 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{maybe| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Line 6 Mobile keys 25 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->2006 |- | <!--Description-->Line 6 POD Studio KB37 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->2006 |- | <!--Description-->Line 6 Tone Port KB37 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->2007 |- |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | CAMD | Opinion |- | <!--Description-->Midiman (later M-Audio) Oxygen8 Ozone Ozonic 25 32 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{no|not class compliant - untested 5pin legacy }} | <!--Opinion-->2002 2004 - 25 full keys - slider/fader to left of lcd display - |- | <!--Description-->m-audio oxygen keystation (61 key) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{no| }} | <!--Opinion-->2004 |- | <!--Description-->M-Audio eKeys 37 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{no| }} | <!--Opinion-->2005 |- | <!--Description-->M-Audio Axiom 25, 49, 61 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->2006 bus powered and 12v psu - if sliders/faders are on right - legacy midi 5pin - chunky unit - |- | <!--Description-->M-Audio Oxygen 8v2, 49, 61 (silver) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{no| }} | <!--Opinion-->2006 full size velocity sensitive 12v psu - sending random pitchbend info - |- | <!--Description-->M-Audio Keystation 37e 49e, 61e MK1 MKI | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2006 - ok key action - |- | <!--Description-->M-Audio Keystation 37es 49se 61es, 88es MK1 MKI | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2008 - |- | <!--Description-->M-Audio Oxygen 25/49/61/88 (blue) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2008 [https://m-audio.com/products/view/oxygen-25-legacy advised Class-compliant and GM/GM2/XG SysEx messages] with full size velocity sensitive 12v psu - sending random pitchbend info - |- | <!--Description-->M-Audio Axiom 25, 49, 61 (2nd Gen) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2010 semi-weighted mini keys - bus powered and 9v psu for 25/49 and 12v for 61 - if sliders/faders are on left - legacy midi 5pin - chunky unit - |- | <!--Description-->M-Audio Axiom Pro 25, 49, 61 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2011 poor construction |- | <!--Description-->MAudio Axiom AIR 25 M-Audio Axiom Air Mini 32 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2012 |- | <!--Description-->M-Audio Oxygen 25 III (3rd Gen) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2012 untested - usb only - rubber keys sticky - |- | <!--Description-->MAudio Keyrig 49 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->M-Audio Keystation Mini 32 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion-->2012 - mini usb - plays a few notes and then stops responding randomly - try plugging it into port 1 or 2 on your pc - |- | <!--Description-->M-Audio Keystation 49 MK2 II | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion-->2012 USB port and class compliant |- | <!--Description-->M-Audio Keystation 61 MK3 MKIII MIDI keyboard | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion-->2015 usb compliant untested |- | <!--Description-->M-Audio Oxygen 25 IV | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| untested}} | <!--Opinion-->2016 choice |- | <!--Description-->M-Audio CTRL-49 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion-->2017 |- | <!--Description-->M-Audio ProKeys 88, 88sx | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->M-Audio Keystation Mini 32 MK3 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion-->2019 mini usb - some power or incompatibility issue with the native USB ports of the laptop, plugged in a passive USB 2.0 HUB (not USB 3.0, not powered) |- | <!--Description-->[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3328SvuJsLw M-Audio Oxygen25 MKV] | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0763 | <!--Product ID-->0x0001 | <!--Revision-->0023 | <!--CAMD-->{{Yes|detected audio class and bindings with camdusbmidi.class - midi in out untested}} | <!--Opinion-->2020 25 full size semi keys - USB2 usb-b but no 5pin classic plugs - channel select SHIFT button and CHANNEL on keybed - plastic build - holding down both the Octave + and - for factory reset - more limited in what you can do with it than IV 4th one - tested on AROS One 2.4 usb |- | <!--Description-->M-Audio Oxygen Pro 25 49 61 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2022 untested semi full keys |- | <!--Description-->M-Audio Oxygen Pro Mini | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2023 untested - 32 smaller keys - not endless encoders - usb only - |- | <!--Description-->M-Audio Hammer 88 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Moog | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Moog Minitaur | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->M-VAVE SMK-25mini 25key MIDI Control Keyboard Y6I0 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Native Instruments NI Primus A25 JamMate | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{no| }} | <!--Opinion-->2008 not compliant, |- | <!--Description-->Native Instruments Maschine MK1 MKI | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->2009 not compliant uses snd-usb-caiaq module, |- | <!--Description-->Native Instruments Komplete Kontrol S88 S61 S49 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2012 - weighted keys - |- | <!--Description-->Native Instruments Maschine MK2 MKII | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2013 maybe compliant, |- | <!--Description-->Native Instruments Maschine Micro Mikro MK2 MKII | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2014 maybe? |- | <!--Description-->NI Komplete Kontrol S49 S61 S88 MkII MK2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2017 all MK2 MK3 power up the keyboard using USB, it will set the keyboards MIDI port to computer MIDI only without any option to set it to use the MIDI DIN, meaning you cannot connect the keyboard to hardware and power from USB, you MUST power with the power adapter and physically unplug from any USB connection - |- | <!--Description-->Native Instruments Komplete Kontrol A25 A49 A61 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2018 maybe compliant, |- | <!--Description-->[https://github.com/sikorak666/maschine-mikro-mk3-driver Native Instruments Maschine Micro Mikro Plus MK3 MKIII] | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2019 |- | <!--Description-->Native Instruments Komplete Kontrol M32 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2019 untested 32 smaller keys - no drum pads - USB only - |- | <!--Description-->NI Komplete Kontrol S49 S61 S88 MkIII MK3 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2023 |- | <!--Description-->NI | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2025 |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | CAMD | Opinion |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> midi keyboard controller |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Neusonik iBoard 4 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Nektar Impact LX25+ LX49+ LX61+ LX88+ SE | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2017 budget full-size velocity-sensitive synth-action keyboard - |- | <!--Description-->Nektar Impact GX49 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> USB port - |- | <!--Description-->Nektar Panorama P4 P6 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> USB & USB Micro B, 5-pin MIDI out, 2 x TRS inputs with 49 semi-weighted, velocity sensitive with aftertouch |- | <!--Description-->Nektar SE25 SE49 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> mini keys - micro usb bus powered - velocity and sustain button |- | <!--Description-->Nektar Panorama P6 61 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Nektar Panorama T6 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Nord Stage 3 midi controller | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> sysex |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Novation ReMote 25 49 61 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->2003 lhs XY touchpad and the joystick - |- | <!--Description-->Novation LaunchKey 25 49 61 88 Mk1 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{no| }} | <!--Opinion-->2005 not USB class compliant |- | <!--Description-->Novation 49 61 SL | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->2006 semi-weighted Fatar TP-8 or TP-9 keybed |- | <!--Description-->Novation ReMote 25SL 49SL 61SL soft label | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->2006 - two long top liquid-crystal display LCD strips - XY touchpad and the joystick - |- | <!--Description-->Novation ReMOTE 25LE | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1235 | <!--Product ID-->0x0004 | <!--Revision-->0001 | <!--CAMD-->{{Yes|detected, usb driver in devs/midi for camd to use}} | <!--Opinion-->2007 USB-b powered, 9v center pin positive or 6 MN1500 AA batteries - X/Y touchpad and the combined pitch and modulation joystick - no aftertouch but can use both the legacy MIDI OUT and USB port simultaneously |- | <!--Description-->Novation Nocturn 49 61 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{Unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2008 untested sending random pitchbend info |- | <!--Description-->Novation 49 61 SL MkII | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2009 semi-weighted Fatar TP-8 or TP-9 keybed |- | <!--Description-->Novation MiniNova | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion-->2013 |- | <!--Description-->Novation Impulse 25 49 61 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2012 velocity aftertouch‑sensitive semi-weighted keyboards and eight backlit pads - USB, 5-pin MIDI out - |- | <!--Description-->Novation Circuit Tracks / Rhythm | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2015 untested |- | <!--Description-->Novation LaunchKey 25 49 61 88 MK2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2015 USB class compliant - full keys - |- | <!--Description-->Novation Launchpad Mini MK2 MKII | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2016 untested 8x8 buttons with 16 backlit |- | <!--Description-->Novation LaunchKey Mini MK2 MKII | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2018 untested - 25 soft mini keys - 2 rotary wheels lhs - |- | <!--Description-->Novation LaunchKey 25 37 49 61 88 MK3 MKIII | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2020 USB class compliant choice - full keys - |- | <!--Description-->Novation LaunchKey Mini MK3 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2023 untested - 25 soft mini keys - 2 sliders lhs - |- | <!--Description-->Novation 61SL Mk3 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> midi keyboard controller |- | <!--Description-->Nymphes Dreadbox | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion--> 6 voice analog synth |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | CAMD | Opinion |- | <!--Description-->Oberheim MC 2000 EX | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2015 88 keys fully weighted - very heavy - |- | <!--Description-->PreSonus ATOM SQ Hybrid MIDI Keyboard/Pad | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->[https://polyend.com/tracker/ Polyend Tracker] | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Roland ED PC-300 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->2002 USB MIDI keyboard controller 49-key |- | <!--Description-->Roland EDIROL PCR-M30 PCR-M50 PCR-M80 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->2005 |- | <!--Description-->Roland Edirol PCR-30 PCR-50 PCR-80 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->2007 untested 32 key - |- | <!--Description-->Roland PC-50 PC-80 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->2007 |- | <!--Description-->Roland PCR-500 PCR-800 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2008 61 velocity-sensitive keys with aftertouch |- | <!--Description-->Roland A-88 a-49 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2013 USB port - weighted keys velocity no aftertouch - class compliant with press FUNCTION so it is lit. Press the key labelled "ADV.", Press the "+" button so it is lit - |- | <!--Description-->Roland PC-200 mkII | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2014 some had fatar keys |- | <!--Description-->Roland MC-707 Groovebox | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2015 |- | <!--Description-->Roland MC-101 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2015 untested |- | <!--Description-->Roland A-500 A500Pro | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2018 |- | <!--Description-->Roland A-300 A300Pro | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2018 |- | <!--Description-->Roland JUNO DS, FA, Fantom, JUPITER X / Xm | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2019 (be sure that USB driver is set to "Generic" - requires device rebooting) |- | <!--Description-->Roland A-88 a-49 MKii MK2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2020 expensive with USB-c port - hammer-action keyboard weighted keys - Class-compliant if USB-C enables bus power - MIDI 2.0 later - |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->ROLI Seaboard RISE 25 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> midi keyboard controller |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | CAMD | Opinion |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> midi keyboard controller |- | <!--Description-->Samson Graphite 49 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Samson Carbon 49 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Sequential TAKE 5 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Studiologic VMK-161 and VMK-161 Plus Organ version | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->TP-8O action is the unweighted, organ-style waterfall keybed - usb midi in out - 9v psu - |- | <!--Description-->Studiologic SL990XP midi controller | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Studiologic VMK176 Plus | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->USB and midi connectivity |- | <!--Description-->Studiologic SL880 midi controller | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Studiologic SL73 SL88 Studio midi controller | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> hammer-action Fatar TP semi-weighted keys |- | <!--Description-->Studiologic Numa Organ 2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> 73 key TP-8O action is the unweighted, organ-style waterfall keybed used in nearly all clonewheels |- | <!--Description-->Studiologic Numacompact 2/2x, Numa X Piano | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->SubZero CommandKey49 CommandKey25 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->SubZero SZ-MiniCommand Mini-Command USB | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->SubZero SPC61 MIDI Controller | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> bus powered - 5 octave |- | <!--Description-->SubZero ControlKey49S 49 Key Slim MIDI Controller Keyboard | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{maybe| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Synido TempoKey K25 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2023 25 mini keys - usb-c powered |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{maybe| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Winterbloom Sol | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{maybe| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Worlde Panda | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> midi keyboard controller |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | CAMD | Opinion |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Yamaha KX8 KX49 KX61 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->2008 not compliant |- | <!--Description-->Yamaha CMC-PD | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->2010 |- | <!--Description-->Yamaha | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2011 not class compliant |- | <!--Description-->Yamaha P45B P-45 Digital Piano | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->2011 not compliant |- | <!--Description-->Yamaha P-115 midi controller | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2016 untested weighted keys - USB midi port |- | <!--Description-->Yamaha MX49 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2020 should compliant untested |- | <!--Description-->Yamaha Montage, CP73/88, YC, MODX | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> midi keyboard controller |- | <!--Description-->Yamaha PSR-E353, PSR-E443 PSR-S670, PSR-S770, PSR-S970, PSR-A3000, TYROS-5 NP-12, NP-32 DGX-650, DGX-660 P-105, P-115, P-255 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Yamaha MX49 II V2 Black Blue | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2023 |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> midi keyboard controller |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | CAMD | Opinion |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->DJM V10 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion--> dj |- | <!--Description-->Native Instruments Kontrol DJ Pro midi controller | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> detected but untested |- | <!--Description-->Numark Mixtrack Pro II USB DJ Controller Djay | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->older generation pioneer DDJ-SX2 dj | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |} {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="20%" | Description ! width="10%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="10%" |CAMD ! width="30%" |Opinion |- | <!--Description-->Alyseum AL-22 AL22c | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> usb to 5pin midi interface |- | <!--Description-->Alyseum AL-88 Schneidersladen AL88c | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> usb to 5pin midi interface |- | <!--Description-->Alyseum U3-88c Midi Interface | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> no CopperLan support Midi network using a UTP Ethernet patch cable) |- | <!--Description-->Behringer BCF2000 midi interface | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->[http://www.behringer.com/EN/home.aspx Behringer] BCR2000 1in 2out | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Behringer B-CONTROL DEEJAY BCD3000 DJ Mixer | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Behringer UMD404 UMD202 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> usb to 5pin midi interface |- | <!--Description-->Creative EMU 0404/USB midi interface | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{no| }} | <!--Opinion-->2006 |- | <!--Description-->DigiDesign / Focusrite Command 8 Control Surface | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->2005 supports MIDI continuous controller (CC) and note data. SysEx dumping and loading is also supported |- | <!--Description-->Digidesign Digi 002 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->2006 firewire only |- | <!--Description-->Digidesign Digi 003 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->2009 firewire only |- | <!--Description-->emagic m4 2x4 AMT8 Unitor 8 Mk2 8x8 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x00d0 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision-->0x010 0x0103 | <!--CAMD-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->2000 offers MTS (Midi Time Stamping) - 12v 2a psu centre pos - usb mini with rs232 and rs422 serial ports - 16 channels (8-in / 8-out), this rack-mountable unit - |- | <!--Description-->Evolution U-Control UC-16 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No| detected}} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Focusrite Saffire 6 USB 1.1 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Guillemot Maxi Studio ISIS Vintage Sound Card MIDI Audio Interface | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No|dedicated driver}} | <!--Opinion-->1998 |- | <!--Description-->[http://www.ucapps.de/mbhp_usb.html MidiBox] Hardware Platform USB Module | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{no| }} | <!--Opinion-->2001 |- | <!--Description-->Mackie Control Universal Pro XT with One Two Extenders | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{no| }} | <!--Opinion-->2008 not compliant, |- | <!--Description-->M-Audio Audiophile USB | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->2003 not compliant, |- | <!--Description-->M-Audio Midisport UNO old version | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->2004 not compliant, |- | <!--Description-->M-Audio MidiMan 1x1 midi interface | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->2004 [http://sourceforge.net/projects/linux-hotplug/ firmware update] |- | <!--Description-->M-Audio Midisport 2x2 yellowy green blue, green or silver chassis plastic box | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No|MIDISPORT 2x2 or 4x4 interfaces from previous production series (blue, green or silver chassis) are not class-compliant}} | <!--Opinion-->2004 |- | <!--Description-->MAudio Audiosport Quattro USB | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No|dedicated driver}} | <!--Opinion-->2004 not usb compliant as [http://usb-midi-fw.sourceforge.net/ firmware required and that is buggy], |- | <!--Description-->M-Audio UC-33 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{no| }} | <!--Opinion-->2004 not compliant, |- | <!--Description-->M-Audio Midisport 1x1 2x2 4x4 Anniversary Edition, black box | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2010 maybe class compliant, |- | <!--Description-->Mooer Steep II Multi-Platform USB Audio Interface | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> usb to 5pin midi interface |- | <!--Description-->[http://www.amiga.org/forums/showthread.php?t=52920 Mark of the Unicorn Motu Fastlane] 2x2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No|[http://www.amiga.org/forums/showpost.php?p=560852&postcount=8 not working on OS4]}} | <!--Opinion--> not class compliant, |- | <!--Description-->Motu Micro Lite 1x1 and MOTU microlite 5x5 USB | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No|dedicated driver}} | <!--Opinion--> good unit but poor just plug in support and not class compliant - USB2 usb-b - |- | <!--Description-->Motu MIDI Express 128 8x8 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No|dedicated driver}} | <!--Opinion-->poor support serial port only - offers MTS (Midi Time Stamping) A serial port based MIDI interface or a USB interface without MTS will have a MIDI slop of up to 2ms on record and playback. MTS provides accuracy for record and playback to around .3ms - five times more accurate than serial or non-MTS." |- | <!--Description-->MOTU.com MIDI Express XT | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No|dedicated driver}} | <!--Opinion-->2008 for many USB should have octocoupled connection to reduce groundloop humm, usually the timing is off |- | <!--Description-->MOTU MIDI Timepiece AV | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No|dedicated driver}} | <!--Opinion--> not class compliant is one of the best multi-port MIDI interfaces ever made as USB model connects to the computer as an 8x16 interface |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Native Instruments GmbH Audio 8 DJ, 4 DJ, 2 DJ | <!--Vendor ID-->0x17CC | <!--Product ID-->0x | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{no|needs dedicated driver}} | <!--Opinion-->2006 not class compliant, |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> usb to 5pin midi interface |- | <!--Description-->Qcon | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> usb to 5pin midi interface |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> usb to 5pin midi interface |- | <!--Description-->Roland Edirol UA-100 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No|did not match to camdusbmidi.class USB audio midi with onboard DSP}} | <!--Opinion-->1998 |- | <!--Description-->Roland Corp Edirol UM-2 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0582 | <!--Product ID-->0x0005 | <!--Revision-->0200 | <!--CAMD-->{{no|is not bound via camdusbmidi.class }} | <!--Opinion-->1999 not bound to any midi class - 2x2 - tested Aros One USb 2.4 |- | <!--Description-->Roland Edirol UA-100G | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No|detected but not working}} | <!--Opinion-->1999 USB audio midi with onboard DSP |- | <!--Description-->Roland Edirol UM-880 8x8 midi interface | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0582 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No|detected but not working}} | <!--Opinion-->2000 under poseidon but could work with run >nil: c:midithru out.0 "EDIROL UM-880.out.2" |- | <!--Description-->Roland Edirol UM-1 blue plastic | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{Unk| bound??? via camdusbmidi.class - untested midi in out}} | <!--Opinion-->2000 UM-1 - 1-in/1-out (16 channels) |- | <!--Description-->Roland Edirol UM-1S | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No|not working}} | <!--Opinion-->2000 1-in/1-out (16 channels) |- | <!--Description-->Roland Edirol UM-2E | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No|not working}} | <!--Opinion-->2000 |- | <!--Description-->Roland Edirol UM550 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->2001 |- | <!--Description-->Roland Edirol UM-1X midi interface | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No|do not have the Advanced Driver Switch on them}} | <!--Opinion-->2001 |- | <!--Description-->Roland Edirol UM-1SX | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0582 | <!--Product ID-->0x0052 | <!--Revision-->0200 | <!--CAMD-->{{No|do not have the Advanced Driver Switch on them}} | <!--Opinion-->2003 |- | <!--Description-->Roland Edirol Cakewalk UM-2C - 2x2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->2003 |- | <!--Description-->Roland Edirol Cakewalk UM-1G 1x1 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->2004 |- | <!--Description-->Roland Edirol Cakewalk UM-2G 2x2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->2004 |- | <!--Description-->[https://github.com/spotify/linux/blob/master/sound/usb/usbquirks.h Roland Edirol UA20 UA-20] | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No|not working}} | <!--Opinion-->2004 |- | <!--Description-->Roland UM-1EX | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->2005 |- | <!--Description-->Roland Edirol UM-2EX 2x2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{no| }} | <!--Opinion-->2005 adds a second MIDI OUT |- | <!--Description-->Roland Cakewalk UM-3G - 3x3 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->2006 |- | <!--Description-->Roland Cakewalk ua-25excw 1x1 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No|detected but not working}} | <!--Opinion-->2009 not class compliant mode |- | <!--Description-->[https://alsa.opensrc.org/Edirol_UA-25EX Roland Edirol UA55 UA-55 Cakewalk UA25 EX] | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No|detected but not working}} | <!--Opinion-->2011 not usb compliant, |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> usb to 5pin midi interface |- | <!--Description-->Sonuus B2M Bass MIDI Interface | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> usb to 5pin midi interface |- | <!--Description-->Sonuus G2M | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> usb to 5pin midi interface |- | <!--Description-->Steinberg CMC Series | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> usb to 5pin midi interface |- | <!--Description-->Subzero SZ-MB44 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> usb to 5pin midi interface |- | <!--Description-->Swisssonic MIDI1x1 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->2012 AmigaOS there is no output at midichannel one and two but if play a midi file there is only output on some channels and if pressed stop the prog freezes or the whole system crashes |- | <!--Description-->Teac Tascam US-428 US-422 midi interface | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0644 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion--> 2000 not compatible |- | <!--Description-->Teac Tascam [http://web.archive.org/web/*/http://www.tascam.com/Products/US-224.html US-224] | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1604 | <!--Product ID-->0x8004 | <!--Revision-->0100 | <!--CAMD-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion--> 2002 does not bind to any class |- | <!--Description-->Teac Corp Tascam US-1x2 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0644 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->2002 |- | <!--Description-->Teac Tascam US-122 MKII midi interface | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0644 | <!--Product ID-->0x8021 | <!--Revision-->0100 | <!--CAMD-->{{No|not detected / binding to camdusbmidi.class on AROS 2.4 usb }} | <!--Opinion-->2004 detected but not working 2-in/2-out USB two XLR microphone preamps with phantom power for condenser microphones |- | <!--Description-->Teac Tascam US-200 US-400 US-600 US-800 US-1200 US-1800 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No|no driver}} | <!--Opinion-->2010 may not be totally usb compliant |- | <!--Description-->Yamaha UX-16 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No|no driver}} | <!--Opinion-->2010 |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> usb to 5pin midi interface |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> usb to 5pin midi interface |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | CAMD | Opinion |- | <!--Description-->Akai EIE and Pro version midi interface | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion-->2011 dc 6v power - 3 USB hubs, midi in out , |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> usb to 5pin midi interface |- | <!--Description-->Alesis I/O2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{no| }} | <!--Opinion-->2007 powered USB hub required, not compliant |- | <!--Description-->Alesis IO2 Express | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2010 usb compliant? |- | <!--Description-->Alesis IO4 Express | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2010 |- | <!--Description-->Behringer XTouch | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> psu needed |- | <!--Description-->Behringer X-Touch Compact | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2014 maybe usb compliant? |- | <!--Description-->Behringer X-Touch Mini | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2014 maybe usb compliant?, usb to 5pin midi interface |- | <!--Description-->Behringer U-Phoria UMD404HD UMD202HD | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2019 maybe class compliant - volume low, |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->CME U2 MIDI Pro 1x1 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> current model |- | Creative EMU XMIDI 1X1 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2008 early versions with sysex checksum errors |- | <!--Description-->Creative E-MU Xmidi 1x1 Tab (V3) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2010 tab version class compliant but report that when transferring 'System Exclusive' messages (SysEx) the unit could not handle the highest data rate leading to data corruption |- | Creative EMU XMIDI 2x2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2008 sysex errors |- | <!--Description-->Digidesign Mbox 2 Mini now Avid | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{no| }} | <!--Opinion-->2005 USB powered but not compliant |- | <!--Description-->Digidesign Mbox II Pro | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{no| }} | <!--Opinion-->2006 USB powered but not compliant |- | <!--Description-->Engl Z7 MIDI Interface (E660/E610/E360/E930) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> guitar? |- | <!--Description-->Elektron TurboMidi TM-1 1in 1out | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->ESI MidiTerminal M4U 4x4 midi interface | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->supposedly class compliant - USB bus powered - |- | <!--Description-->ESI MidiTerminal M8U 8x8 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->ESI MidiTerminal M4U XL 4x4 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> ploytec chipset |- | <!--Description-->ESI MidiTerminal M8U XL 8x8 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> no hardware routing e.g. x on input 5 to synth y on output 7 - ploytec chipset |- | <!--Description-->ESI MidiMate 1x1 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> supposedly class compliant - USB bus powered |- | <!--Description-->ESI MidiMate II 2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->ESI ROM I/O | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2005 romio version |- | <!--Description-->ESI M4U XT | <!--Vendor ID-->0x2573 | <!--Product ID-->0x0002 | <!--Revision-->0100 | <!--CAMD-->{{Maybe|is bound via camdusbmidi.class AROS One 2.4 - untested midi in out}} | <!--Opinion-->2010 - |- | <!--Description-->ESI M8U XT 8in 8out | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2010 discontinued 2018 |- | <!--Description-->ESI M8UEX USB3.0 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2018 current model |- | <!--Description-->ESI M4U eX | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2018 current model |- | <!--Description-->ESI MidiMate eX midi interface 1x1 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2016 current model, well liked and might class compliant?? |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> usb to 5pin midi interface |- | <!--Description-->icon midiport 2x2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> usb to 5pin midi interface |- | <!--Description-->iCON CubeMi 3 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> class compliant? |- | <!--Description-->iConnectivity | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> usb to 5pin midi interface |- | <!--Description-->iConnectivity mio | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2010 class compliant but reported issues with sending System Exclusive (SysEx) MIDI messages and MIDI signals getting cut off |- | <!--Description--> iConnectMidi interface | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2010 |- | <!--Description-->iCM2 iCM4 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2012 |- | <!--Description-->iConnectivity iConnectMIDI4+ L | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2014 class compliant?? |- | <!--Description-->iConnectivity MioXL | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->IK Multimedia iRig MIDI 2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> class compliant |- | <!--Description-->iRig Pro | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> usb to 5pin midi interface |- | <!--Description-->Kenton | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> usb to 5pin midi interface |- | <!--Description-->Kenton Electronics pro solo mk2 midi to cv converter | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> usb to 5pin midi interface |- | <!--Description-->Kenton Midi Thru-25 5 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> usb to 5pin midi interface |- | <!--Description-->Keytech MT18E 8 Way Midi Thru box | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> 9 to 12v psu required |- | <!--Description-->MidiPlus Midi 2x2 midi interface | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> usb to 5pin midi interface |- | <!--Description-->MidiPlus Midi 4x4 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> supposedly class compliant - USB bus powered |- | <!--Description-->MidiTech MIT-00151 Midiface 4x4 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> usb to 5pin midi interface |- | <!--Description-->MidiTech Midiface 4x4 8x8 16x16 thru merge | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> usb to 5pin midi interface |- | <!--Description-->Miditech Midilink mini 1x1 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> usb to 5pin midi interface |- | <!--Description-->M-Audio Midisport UNO only if box is labeled Class Compliant and latest MIDISPORT 1x1 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->M-Audio Fast Track Ultra (6 in 6 out) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2008 not usb compliant, - |- | <!--Description-->M-Audio Midiman Midisport 2x2 Anniversary Edition [https://gearspace.com/board/electronic-music-instruments-and-electronic-music-production/1133862-why-there-hardly-any-midi-interfaces.html not stable enough] | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2009 USB2 usb-b - does not need firmware and supposedly plug and play - |- | <!--Description-->M-Audio Midisport 4x4 Anniversary Edition | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> rumored does not need firmware - supposedly plug and play - issues with its firmware for some and lacks configurable routing |- | <!--Description-->Maudio Fast Track Ultra 8R | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> usb to 5pin midi interface |- | <!--Description-->Native Instruments Komplete Audio 6 Mk1 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion-->2011 maybe usb compliant but bus powered, |- | <!--Description-->Nektar Midiflex 4 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion-->2015 class compliant and usb-b powered - used as a 1 in / 3 out, 2 in / 2 out or 4 out 5pin sockets - |- | <!--Description-->Neusonik IM-One | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> usb to 5pin midi interface |- | <!--Description-->Peavey Xport | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> guitars only |- | <!--Description-->Roland UM-ONE UM-1 mk2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2010 USB class compliant if switch to TAB for class compliant mode rather than the COMPUTER mode |- | <!--Description-->Squarp Hermid | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> usb to 5pin midi interface |- | <!--Description-->Steinberg Midex 8x8 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> class compliant? supporting MIDI Time Stamping protocol |- | <!--Description-->Swissonic MidiConnect 2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> usb to 5pin midi interface |- | <!--Description-->Tapco LiNK.midi USB 4x4 (Loud technologies) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{no|dedicated driver}} | <!--Opinion-->2005 |- | <!--Description-->Teac Corp Tascam US-2x2 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0644 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{no| }} | <!--Opinion--> 2014 5v dc power, midi out in, |- | <!--Description-->Teac Corp Tascam US-4x4 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0644 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Teac Tascam US-16x08 US-20x20 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0644 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Zoom U-24 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> midi to 5pin interface |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> midi to 5pin interface |- | <!--Description-->Unbranded cable | 0x552d | 0x4348 | F110 | <!--CAMD-->{{Maybe|detected but no usb driver in devs/midi for camd to use}} | <!--Opinion-->detected but not working the USB-MIDI conversion functionality of the cheapo USB MIDI "cable" interface is simply lacking, possibly being incapable of handling MIDI strings longer than 3 bytes long SysEx strings (e.g. SysEx dumps) - tested in Icaros 2.3 - |- | <!--Description-->USB2.0-MIDI Unbranded cable with clear braided underneath leads | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1A86 | <!--Product ID-->0x752D | <!--Revision-->0254 | <!--CAMD-->{{Maybe|detected binding to camdusbmidi.class but untested midi in / out}} | <!--Opinion-->untested but better to get a branded version - tested AROS One 2.4 usb |- | <!--Description-->LogiLink USB to Midi In-Out | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|}} | <!--Opinion-->untested cheap cable version but issues with latency on other systems |- | <!--Description--> gm5 USB midi chip DIY option only | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> usb to 5pin midi interface |- | <!--Description-->Doremidi LEKATO MIDI USB C Interface 1x1 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> usb to 5pin midi interface |- | <!--Description-->Thomann Midi USB 1x1 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> Prodipe made |- | <!--Description-->Prodipe MIDI 1i/1o | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> usb to 5pin midi interface |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |} Classic 5pin DIN controllers for above interfaces {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="20%" | Description ! width="10%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="10%" |CAMD ! width="30%" |Opinion |- | <!--Description-->Akai s5000 s6000 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> midi digital samplers |- | <!--Description-->Akai AX80 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Casio CZ-5000 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Casio CZ-3000 CZ-1000 CZ-101 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Cheetah MS6 midi controller | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No|untested}} | <!--Opinion-->2000 multi-timbral, six-voice (twelve-oscillator), analogue synthesiser module is loaded with CEM 3396s |- | <!--Description-->Ensoniq ESQ1 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Integra | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Korg Wavestation Ex A/D SR | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->1986 ex has piano and drum sounds |- | <!--Description-->Korg DW-8000 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Korg DW-6000 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Korg Poly 800 MK1 Poly-800ii | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> all plastic and can run on batteries - 49 keys non-velocity dco synt analogue filter |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Roland D-50 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|1987 untested greater concern would be moisture and wear}} |- | <!--Description-->Roland A50 (76) A80 (88) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|1989 untested}} |- | <!--Description-->ROLAND JUNO-D | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->Roland Juno 106 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->80s kx73 or kx88 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->Roland ED PC-160A PC-180A | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} legacy DIN5 MIDI port only - 6 AA batteries or 9v psu - One regular source of failure for me were emty batteries (even with red control light still active). Another source was a bad MIDI cable - unplug then re-plug the USB cable while it is powered the device might reconnect |- | <!--Description-->Roland M1 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Roland S-550 S-760 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> digital samplers kontakt replaced these? |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Yamaha DX7 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->1983 12bit |- | <!--Description-->Yamaha DX7S DX72IID DX7IIFD | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->1987 16bit versions |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- |} The MIDI standard was published in August 1983. The inventors, Kakehashi and Smith finally received a Technical Grammy Award in 2013 for their work. The MIDI files that contained just the note data, velocity and timing meant you could transfer an entire studio session from one place to another on one floppy disk and it could control all the synths and drum samplers. Pass-thru meant that one computer could run an entire bands worth of instruments. It's bulletproof too. MIDI never goes wrong, it's always a bug in software that causes any issue - you can absolutely rely on it to go gigging with, take your synths, controllers and computers and not crash an entire gig at your 100,000 person venue. The MIDI hardware specification is very simple (voltage, polarity, screening, protection and a fast enough opto-isolator), it assumes that the data it sends and receives between MIDI devices is to the MIDI data standard and just passes it on. The microprocessor in the hardware does all the work. The minimum for a computer/MIDI interface is that it meets the MIDI hardware specification. It is attached to the computer bus and handles the electrical conversions required. To meet the MIDI hardware specification, to be class compliant as a USB device all it has to do is report itself properly when plugged in. The other half of the equation is the MIDI data standard, and for a computer MIDI interface the main issue is the speed of data transmission. The bus speed of the computer is faster than the speed of the MIDI standard so it can generate and send MIDI data faster than a MIDI device can receive it. The MIDI standards have nothing to say on that bottleneck at all. MIDI was designed to be very simple and very open, it just defines a standard for the messages and leaves it up to manufacturers to implement them in the way they want. That's what makes it so powerful a tool, and also what makes it so confusing and frustrating at times. For midi, the hardware/software combination at various connection points handles the translation to/from midi (or other protocols). Drivers would be needed for midi, including clock and SysEx signal (actually claiming to handle ALL midi quirks transparently All the important MIDI data types can be sent (CC, NRPN, RPN, MMC, Note On/Off, program change) There is no official way to solve the data bottleneck. Early software sequencers and librarians tried to solve it by having an option to buffer SYSEX data in software and transmit it at the MIDI data rate. The downside is that hogs the bus and can hit computer performance. Interface manufacturers would add a hardware buffer which would take all the MIDI data from the PC bus and feed it into the MIDI at the slower data rate, but that added cost and created timing issues. Things have moved on since then, but the principles remain the same. You can buffer in the hardware or in software, whether that is in the application or the interface driver. SYSEX will work perfectly well with that budget cable if your software handles the buffering. And while the cables with hardware buffers make SYSEX easier, they still have potential problems because of the limitations of the MIDI data rate. Your MIDI clock doesn't like being interrupted with a big program dump The serial / parallel ports were a direct connection, so faster. Now, everything in the computer is virtual and the only thing connected to the hardware is the kernel, hence everything is by default bottlenecked and jittery, regardless of which connection. So by the time the interface gets the information it's already too late. Ethernet network cable to transport MIDI over large distances, connect 2 MIDI In and 2 MIDI Out ports to patch, remap, filter and merge MIDI flows on a fine channel basis for tight MIDI throughput, latency and jitter Possibilities for DAWs of the future including a kind of sync reference for timing reference which an interface could sync to, hence all the timings then would be locked between the grid on the DAW screen and the MIDI info. Preemptible, low latency and accuracy are essential for good communication. One of the first things you need to do, is make sure your MIDI software sets the interface to the same MIDI channel as your keyboard (usually 1) Do you want to send just your master keyboard to other synths or to be able to use any keyboard with any synth? 1st option is relatively simple. Just need to send midi from your master keyboard into a midi splitter that redistributes the signal onto your synths. Each synth will be set up to receive midi on a specific channel so the only challenge is to find a way to select to which channel you are sending midi. Some master keyboards can do that although not many that have a dedicated knob or switch on the panel and most require a bit of menu diving. Could use a midi box that offers channel selection but usually this is not very workflow friendly. The software route would require using the mouse. 2nd option is a bit more complex but superior workflow by sending midi messages into a merge box, from there into a hardware sequencer that allows to select midi channel, then on to a midi interface that distributes the signal to the synths. Master keyboard MIDI-in to computer. External hardware sampler MIDI-out from computer. Audio-out from sampler to audio-in on computer/device. Blue Ribbon Soundworks Bars & Pipes Professional (1993/4) GM (1984), GS (1987), XG level 1-3 (1994-1997), GM level 2 (1999) GM GM1 imposes several requirements beyond the MIDI 1.0 specification. While MIDI 1.0 by itself provides a communication protocol which ensures that different instruments can interoperate at a fundamental level e.g sound modules. GM goes further in two ways. First, GM requires that all compliant MIDI instruments meet a certain minimal set of features, such as being able to play at least 24 notes simultaneously (polyphony). Second, GM attaches specific interpretations to many parameters and control messages which were left unspecified in the MIDI 1.0 specification. A minimum of 128 MIDI Program Numbers (conforming to the GM 1 Instrument Patch Map) and 47 percussion sounds (conforming to the GM 1 Percussion Key Map). Support for controller number 1, 7, 10, 11, 64, 100, 101, 121 and 123; support for channel pressure and pitch bend controllers. General MIDI Level 2 or GM2 is a specification for synthesizers which defines several requirements beyond the MIDI standard and is based on General MIDI (GM) and Roland GS extensions. It was adopted in 1999 by the MIDI Manufacturers Association (MMA). * Number of Notes: 32 simultaneous notes * MIDI Channels: 16 * Simultaneous Melodic Instruments – up to 16 (all Channels) * Simultaneous Percussion Kits – up to 2 (Channel 10/11) Program and bank change events General MIDI 2 compatible synthesizers access all of the 256 instruments by setting cc#0 (Bank Select MSB) to 121 and using cc#32 (Bank Select LSB) to select the variation bank before a Program Change. Variation bank 0 contains the full GM (General MIDI 1) sound set. Variations using other bank numbers are new to General MIDI 2, and correspond to variation sounds introduced in Roland GS. [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CluuHrr7HG4 Major WWHWWWH, Minor WHWWHWW scale], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jjm7Ti-iwz0 Chords], ==usb audio== USB audio has recently made available for Aros, there are many standards introduced over the years. Much is still untested. *Introduced 2000 and from 2014 USB Audio 1 UAC1 16bit 44.1kHz *Introduced 2006 and from 2014 USB Audio 2 [https://www.usb.org/document-library/usb-device-class-definition-audio-devices-release-20-errata-and-ecn-through-april UAC2] 24bit 192kHz *Introduced 2016 and from 2024 USB Audio 3 [https://www.usb.org/documents UAC3] 32bit 384kHz USB group decided to rewrite the audio standard, so [https://os4depot.net/?function=showfile&file=audio/record/usbaudio2.lha UAC2] and [https://archive.fosdem.org/2019/schedule/event/linux_and_usb_audio_class_3/attachments/slides/3345/export/events/attachments/linux_and_usb_audio_class_3/slides/3345/Linux_and_USB_Audio_Class_3___FOSDEM_2019.pdf UAC3]. They added clock selection and control, timing domains and others. Part of the changes included changing many of the descriptors that an audio device uses to describe itself to the machine. PsdErrorlog/PsdDevlister? The AHI driver generated only supports mono/stereo at any bit rates between 8 and 32 bit per sample, but not multichannel modes and only rates up to 65KHz (because AHI uses a 16-bit word for frequencies). If the soundcard does not offer such a PCM 8-32 bit mode at frequencies lower than 65 KHz, there's nothing much that can be done about it on the computer side other than revising and expanding the AHI standard. Most cheap USB soundcards do though. AHI does not support six channel playback. It only supports mono, stereo and multichannel (8 channels). Due to the multichannel mode not being used by any application so far, the usbaudio.class does not support multichannel playback, especially not "upchannelling" stereo to six or more channels. If this USB device does not support a two channel mode, you can't use it under AHI. Untested but most likely to work, at least 2 mic inputs (low impedance) & instruments (high impedance) and made in the last 10 years *[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gMuA-2FbJxE Entry level <100Euro] BOMGE U202, Behringer UMC, Presonus Studio, *[ Next tier <200Euro] Audient iD, Solid SSL2 and SSL2+, Lewitt, Focusrite Scarlett, Arturia MiniFuse, *[ Prosumer <300Euro] Focusrite Clarett+, *[ Professional <500Euro] RME Babyface, *[ Studio >500Euros] Bands should need 4 or more mic inputs [http://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?p=38364030 XDA Forum thread], <pre> <- Computer <- Mobile Phone / Tablet (OTG) <- Digital Cameras <- Video <- Webcams Base Computer <-> OBS like <- Audio Mixer <- Microphone(s) -> Internet -> Youtube & Chat </pre> USB AUDIO CARDS - UAC Compliant {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="20%" |Description ! width="10%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="10%" |Playback ! width="10%" |Records ! width="30%" |Opinion |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Antelope Galaxy 64 Synergy Core | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{no| }} | <!--Records-->{{no| }} | <!--Opinion--> not compliant so does not wotk with Aros and a high-end 64-channel AD/DA converter HDX, Dante connectivity and a Thunderbolt Audio interface |- | <!--Description-->Antelope Galaxy 32 Synergy Core | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{no| }} | <!--Records-->{{no| }} | <!--Opinion--> not be compliant so does not wotk with Aros as Antelope Audio does not provide official drivers, control software, or an Antelope Launcher |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Arturia Mini Fuse 1 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1C75 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion-->2021 maybe usb compliant, okay pre amp 1 combi input, cirrus logic cs4272 ad converter, |- | <!--Description-->Arturia MiniFuse 2 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1C75 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion-->2021 maybe usb compliant usb-c with usb2.0, okay pre amps with good dynamic range 110dB, cirrus logic cs4272 ad converter, two combi inputs for mic, line or guitar, |- | <!--Description-->Arturia MiniFuse 4 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1C75 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion-->2022 maybe usb compliant, okay 110dB dynamic range, -129dB EIN, |- | <!--Description-->Arturia AudioFuse 16Rig | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1C75 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion-->2023 maybe usb compliant, good |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Audient iD44 mk1 mki | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion-->2018 maybe usb compliant, good, |- | <!--Description-->Audient evo4 EVO8 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2020 maybe usb compliant, |- | <!--Description-->Audient iD4 mk2 mkII | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2022 maybe usb compliant, |- | <!--Description-->Audient id14 mk2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion-->2022 maybe usb compliant, good, |- | <!--Description-->Audient iD24 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion-->2023 maybe usb compliant and usb-c bus powered, good, , 0-in/14-out audio interface with ADAT expandability, balanced inserts |- | <!--Description-->Audient iD44 Mk2 Mkii | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion-->2022 maybe usb compliant, good, |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Behringer U-PHORIA UMC22 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1397 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2014 maybe usb compliant, okay, midas pre-amps |- | <!--Description-->Behringer U-PHORIA UMC202HD | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1397 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2014 maybe usb compliant, okay, midas pre-amps ein -129 dBu, 24bit ADC, |- | <!--Description-->Behringer U-PHORIA UMC404HD | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1397 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2014 maybe usb compliant, okay, midas pre-amps, 24bit adc, |- | <!--Description-->Behringer U-PHORIA UMC204HD 192 Empower Tribe | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1397 | <!--Product ID-->0x0508 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2015 maybe usb compliant, okay, midas pre-amps |- | <!--Description-->Behringer UMC1820 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1397 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion-->2016, bus complaint?, okay midas pre amps, adc, |- | <!--Description-->Behringer U-PHORIA UM2 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1397 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2018 maybe usb compliant, poor zenyx pre-amps with high noise floor, plastic build no rf shielding, latency issues, |- | <!--Description-->Behringer x Air XR12 XR16 XR18 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2018 usb and network |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Focusrite Saffire 6 USB 1.1 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1235 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2008 maybe usb compliant, , , midi, strictly NEC USB 2.0, |- | <!--Description-->Focusrite Scarlett 8i6 Gen 1 MOSC0001 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1235 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2011 maybe usb compliant, but |- | <!--Description-->Focusrite Scarlett 2i2 Gen 1 MOSC0003 *TP1 - 3.3V, tested ok *TP2 - U4 control signal, 3.3V present at all time. *TP4 - Ground *TP6 - 48V, tested ok *TP7 - Ground *TP8 - Ground | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1235 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2011 usually avoid early Gen 1, |- | <!--Description-->[https://khronscave.blogspot.com/2021/08/75-focusrite-scarlett-2i4-1st-gen.html Focusrite Scarlet 2i4 Gen 1 (slide toggles) MOSC0004] *TP1 - 3.3V, tested 3.22v *TP2 - U4 control signal, 3.3V present *TP4 - Ground *TP6 - measure 47.72v * AKM 4384ET (VDD 5v) * Cirrus Logic CS4272-CZZ (VA 4.94v/ VD 3.2v/ VL 3.2v) * all four HC4066 (VCC 4.96v) * XMOS XS1-L01A-TQ128-C5 (all VDD 1.08v/ all VVDIO 3.23v/ PPLAVDD 0.99v/ PCU-VDDIO 3.23v) 2i4S *TP1 seems to be 0V *TP2 should be 5V *TP3 should be *TP6 should be 48V *TP8 should be 3.3V | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1235 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2011 maybe usb compliant, pre amps JRC NJM2122 and NJM4565, [https://statics.cirrus.com/pubs/proDatasheet/CS4272_F1.pdf CS4272 adc], [https://pdf.datasheet.live/e5e5fd1c/akm.com/AK4384.pdf AK4384 output pair], Xmos XS1-L8A-64-TQ128 processor and firmware in Winbond 25X40CL 4Mbit, an SMSC Microchip USB3343 interface and a Microchip PL611 clock generator - two Intersil / Renesas ISL97519A for the phantom power rail, two OnSemi NCP1521B for the 3.3V (digital) and 1V (Xmos core) rails - |- | <!--Description-->Focusrite iTrack Solo USB Audio Interface | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion-->2012 maybe usb compliant, |- | <!--Description-->Focusrite Scarlett 18i20 1st Gen MOSC00 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1235 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2013 maybe usb compliant, , Cirrus CS4272, |- | <!--Description-->[http://wiki.linuxaudio.org/wiki/current_audio_gear Focusrite ] Scarlett 4i4 Gen MOSC00 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1235 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> maybe usb compliant, , Cirrus CS4272, |- | <!--Description-->Focusrite Scarlett 6i6 Gen1 MOSC00 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1235 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2013 maybe usb compliant, , , 12v psu, the headphone outs mirror the outs on the back panel, so that's six independent outs. 4 independent analog output paths, plus two over spdif, |- | <!--Description-->[https://khronscave.blogspot.com/2019/03/38-focusrite-scarlett-18i8-gen1-teardown.html Focusrite Scarlett 18i8 1st Gen MOSC0008] | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1235 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2013 maybe usb compliant, JRC NJM4565 provide most of the opamps, pair of JRC NJM2122's for inputs 1 and 2, [http://www.mouser.com/ds/2/76/cs4272_f1-43250.pdf Cirrus CS4272], 12v 1a +central psu to a pair of National Semiconductor LM2672 for 3.3V rail and the +6.9V rail, Xmos XS1–L16A–128 dual-row QFN package, firmware a Winbond 25X40C 4Mbit SPI Flash and an SMSC USB3343 interface chip, the two headphone outs are completely independent so 6 independent analog output paths, plus two over spdif, |- | <!--Description-->Focusrite Clarett+ 8Pre | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1235 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2015 great, expensive, maybe usb compliant? |- | <!--Description-->Focusrite Scarlett 2i2 Gen 2 (slide toggles) MOSC0006 *TP6 should be 48V | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1235 | <!--Product ID-->0x8202 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2016 maybe usb compliant, USB-b bus powered, good preamps ein equivalent input noise -128 dBu, 24-bit 192kHz CS4272 as well as an additional AKM AK4384ET for the second stereo output pair, 4 screws under bottom rubber, |- | <!--Description-->[https://khronscave.blogspot.com/2021/07/focusrite-scarlett-2i4-2nd-gen-teardown.html Focusrite Scarlett 2i4 Gen 2 (slide toggles) MOSC0014] *TP6 should be 48V | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1235 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2016 maybe usb compliant, USB-b bus powered, good preamps NJM2122's, NJM4565's and CMOS switches (HEF4053 and HEF4066), CS4272 and a AKM AK4384ET, Xmos XU208-256-TQ64-C10 with firmware stored in a Macronix MX25L8006E 8Mbit flash memory, clocking by a Cirrus Logic CS2100, an MP1542 boost converter creates +6V and -6V rails, powering the opamps and the rest of the analog circuitry, |- | <!--Description-->Focusrite Scarlett 6i6 Gen2 MOSC0016 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1235 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2016 maybe usb compliant, 12v psu, |- | <!--Description-->Focusrite Scarlett Solo 2nd Gen MOSC0019 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1235 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2016 maybe usb compliant, |- | <!--Description-->[https://khronscave.blogspot.com/2024/03/focusrite-scarlett-18i8-gen2-teardown.html Focusrite Scarlett 18i8 2nd Gen MOSC00] | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1235 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2016 maybe usb compliant, 12v psu, |- | <!--Description-->Focusrite Red 16Line | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2017 may not be compliant as Focusrite provides no drivers - 64-in/64-out Pro Tools - dual Thunderbolt 3 audio interface with ultra-low latency A-D/D-A conversion - Red Evolution mic preamps |- | <!--Description-->Focusrite Scarlett Solo 3rd Gen MOSC0024 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1235 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2019 maybe usb compliant usb-c but usb2, preamps, ad/dc 24bit 192kHz, most Focusrite gen3 interfaces have encrypted processors, |- | <!--Description-->Focusrite Scarlett 18i6 Gen3 MOSC00 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1235 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2019 maybe usb compliant, USB2 class compliant device, but with custom mixer interface |- | <!--Description-->Focusrite Scarlett 2i2 Gen 3 (push in switches) MOSC00 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1235 | <!--Product ID-->0x8210 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2019 maybe usb compliant, USB-c bus powered, good preamps ein equivalent input noise -128 dBu, 24-bit 192kHz Cirrus Logic xfr002c and cs4272 chips, |- | <!--Description-->Focusrite Scarlett 18i20 3rd gen MOSC00 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1235 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2019 maybe usb compliant, |- | <!--Description-->Focusrite Scarlett 18i8 3rd Gen MOSC00 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1235 | <!--Product ID-->0x8214 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2019 maybe usb compliant, , , no screws under the rubber pads on the bottom, 12v psu, |- | <!--Description-->Focusrite Scarlett Solo Studio Mk3 USB Audio Interface MOSC0030 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1235 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion-->2020 |- | <!--Description-->Focusrite Scarlett 2i2 4th Gen USB | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1235 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2024 maybe usb compliant, |- | <!--Description-->Focusrite Scarlett 4i4 4th Gen USB | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1235 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2024 maybe usb compliant, |- | <!--Description-->Focusrite Scarlett Studio 4th Gen USB | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1235 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2024 maybe usb compliant, |- | <!--Description-->Focusrite Scarlett Solo 4th Gen MOSC00 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1235 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> maybe usb compliant, |- | <!--Description-->Focusrite Scarlett 18i20 4th Gen MOSC00 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1235 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2024 maybe usb compliant, |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->FractalAudio FM9 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2018 |- | <!--Description-->Fractal Audio AM4 platform | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2023 not working |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Lewitt Connect 6 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> maybe usb compliant, |- | <!--Description-->Lewitt | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Mooer Steep II Multi-Platform USB Audio Interface | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Motu UltraLite AVB | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> usb not compliant? |- | <!--Description-->MOTU M2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> maybe not usb compliant?, usb-c, good pre amps, ad/dc, |- | <!--Description-->MOTU M4 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> maybe not usb compliant, okay, |- | <!--Description-->MOTU U2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> maybe not usb compliant, good but latest had hardware revision |- | <!--Description-->MOTU UltraLite-mk3 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2010 not usb compliant, great |- | <!--Description-->MOTU UltraLite-mk5 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2020 not usb compliant, great |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Nuemann MT48 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> usb audio compliant, great pre-amps |- | <!--Description-->Neumann MT48 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->neuralDSP Quad Cortex QC platform | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2024 cc compliant but plugins not working |- | <!--Description-->NeuralDSP QC Lite | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2024 cc complaint |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Neve Genesys Black G16 G32 G64 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> not compliant - very good very expensive |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Presonus AudioBox USB | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2008 maybe not usb compliant, usb1.1 usb-b bus powered, okay pre-amps, 24bit ADC 48Khz max, |- | <!--Description-->Presonus Audiobox 1818VSL | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2011 maybe not usb compliant, |- | <!--Description-->Presonus AudioBox 44VSL | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2011 may not be usb compliant, 12v psu, |- | <!--Description-->PreSonus AudioBox 22VSL | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2011 maybe not usb compliant, |- | <!--Description-->|PreSonus Studio 2|4 2x2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> maybe usb compliant, usb-b, |- | <!--Description-->|PreSonus Studio 2|6 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2017 maybe usb compliant, |- | <!--Description-->|PreSonus Studio 6|8 USB Audio Interface | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2017 maybe compliant, needs ext psu, |- | <!--Description-->PreSonus Studio 24c 2x2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2019 maybe usb compliant, usb-c, good, adc, |- | <!--Description-->PreSonus Studio 26c | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2019 maybe usb compliant, usb-c, |- | <!--Description-->PreSonus® Studio 68c | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2019 maybe usb compliant, usb-c, |- | <!--Description-->PreSonus AudioBox USB 96 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2020 maybe usb compliant, high preamp noise, |- | <!--Description-->Presonus Quantum ES2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2022 maybe usb compliant, okay, |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Prism | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Prism Lyra | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2013 maybe not usb compliant, great |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Platane UP1 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2024 maybe usb compliant usb- UAC2 asynchronous protocol, 64dB Low-noise Mic amplifier, 32Bit High End ADC and DAC, 16dBu High-power ti headphone amplifier |- | <!--Description-->Platane UP2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2024 maybe usb compliant, |- | <!--Description-->Platane | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->RME Babyface/UC/UFX | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2010 maybe not usb compliant, good |- | <!--Description-->RME Fireface UCX | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2012 might be able to put into class compliant cc although a firewire device, pre amps, adc, |- | <!--Description-->RME Babyface Pro FS | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2019 maybe not usb compliant, good |- | <!--Description-->RME Fireface UCX II | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2021 might be class compliant usb-b, pre amps, adc, |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Solid State Logic SSL2 SSL2+ Mk1 1st Gen | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2020 maybe usb compliant, good, adc, |- | <!--Description-->Solid State Logic SSL12 SSL18 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2022 maybe usb compliant, bus powered, good pre-amps, up to 32-bit 192kHz AD/DA converters, 12-in 8-out, |- | <!--Description-->Solid State Logic SSL2 SSL2+ MkII | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2024 maybe usb compliant, good pre amps ein -130 dBu, ad/dc, okay latency, |- | <!--Description-->Solid State Logic | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> maybe usb compliant, |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Topping E1x2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2023 maybe usb compliant, good |- | <!--Description-->Topping Pro E2x2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2023 maybe usb compliant, good |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->UAD UA Apollo | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2012 maybe not usb compliant, |- | <!--Description-->UA apollo 2nd Gen twin X (Duo/Quad), X4, X6, X8, X8P, and X16 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2015 bus compliant?, usb- |- | <!--Description-->UA apollo twin x quad 3rd Gen | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2018 bus compliant?, usb- |- | <!--Description-->Universal Audio Volt 1 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2021 maybe usb compliant, good, |- | <!--Description-->|Universal Audio Volt 276 2|76 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2021 maybe usb compliant, good, |- | <!--Description-->Universal Audio Volt 2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2022 maybe usb compliant, good, |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Playback | Records | Opinion |- | <!--Description-->Akai EIE Pro AI01 Electromusic Interface Expander - | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2011 maybe not usb compliant, 4-in/4-out USB 2.0 audio interface with a built-in USB hub and MIDI I/O, up to 24-bit/96kHz |- | <!--Description-->Akai EIE Pro AI02 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> maybe not usb compliant, |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->|Alesis io2 io|2, io14 io|14, io26 io|26 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{no| }} | <!--Records-->{{no| }} | <!--Opinion-->2006 bus powered but not usb compliant, okay pre-amps, 2, 4 or 8 mics respectively, |- | <!--Description-->Alesis iO2 Express | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{no| }} | <!--Records-->{{no| }} | <!--Opinion-->2010 not usb compliant, poor pre-amps, |- | <!--Description-->Alesis Core 1 USB Audio Interface | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2014 maybe cc, mini usb, poor latency, |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Apogee Duet 1 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{no| }} | <!--Records-->{{no| }} | <!--Opinion-->2009 firewire only, not usb compliant micro-usb with most features, , , two‑channel two‑in, two‑out, |- | <!--Description-->Apogee Ensemble | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{no| }} | <!--Records-->{{no| }} | <!--Opinion-->2009 firewire, not usb compliant micro-usb with most features, , , two‑channel |- | <!--Description-->Apogee One USB 1st Gen | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2010 maybe not usb compliant micro-usb for basic features, , , single‑channel up to 48kHz |- | <!--Description-->Apogee One USB 2nd Gen | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2013 maybe usb compliant usb- and maybe aa batteries, |- | <!--Description-->Apogee Duet 2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2022 maybe usb compliant usb-c with most features, , , |- | <!--Description-->Apogee One USB 3rd Gen | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2016 maybe usb compliant, |- | <!--Description-->Apogee Ensemble Thunderbolt | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2020 maybe not usb compliant micro-usb with most features, , , two‑channel |- | <!--Description-->Apogee Boom | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2022 maybe usb compliant usb-c, , , |- | <!--Description-->Apogee Duet 3 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2022 maybe usb compliant usb-c with most features, , , |- | <!--Description-->Apogee | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->ART PRO Audio Usb Mix | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2016 maybe usb compliant bus powered, |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Avid Digidesign Mbox 1 USB Audio | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0dba | <!--Product ID-->01000 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{no| }} | <!--Records-->{{no| }} | <!--Opinion-->2002 mbox original was usb1 and not a usb class compliant device, and had the much hated "focusrite designed" mic preamps, light blue front plate and the sticky out feet |- | <!--Description-->Avid Digidesign Mbox 2 USB Audio | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0dba | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{no| }} | <!--Records-->{{no| }} | <!--Opinion-->2005 midi not usb compliant |- | <!--Description-->Avid Digidesign Mbox 2 Pro USB Audio | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0dba | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{no| }} | <!--Records-->{{no| }} | <!--Opinion-->2006 not usb compliant |- | <!--Description-->Avid Digidesign Mbox 2 Mini USB Audio | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0dba | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{no| }} | <!--Records-->{{no| }} | <!--Opinion-->2007 not usb compliant |- | <!--Description-->Avid Digidesign Mbox 2 Micro USB Audio | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0dba | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{no| }} | <!--Records-->{{no| }} | <!--Opinion-->2009 not usb compliant |- | <!--Description-->AVID MBox 3rd gen Mini or Standard but Pro is Firewire | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion-->2010 maybe usb compliant, |- | <!--Description-->behringer u-control uca202 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x8bb | <!--Product ID-->0x2902 | <!--Revision-->1.00 | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2008 maybe usb compliant, draws a lot of power - dac ti burr-brown - no microphone pre-amp - |- | <!--Description-->Behringer U-CONTROL UCA 222 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2009 maybe usb compliant, - no microphone pre-amp - |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Black Lion Audio 2x2 evolution | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion-->2021 maybe usb compliant but , okay with 109dB range - poor noise floor, 24-bit 192kHz Cirrus Logic CS4272, average latency, |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Bomge 11s | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion-->2021 |- | <!--Description-->Bomge 22s | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion-->2021 |- | <!--Description-->Bomge BMG22 USB Audio Interface | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion-->2021 usb-c, 24bit 192kHz but only use much lower, may have to spend time cleaning up some of the noise, high latency, |- | <!--Description-->Bomge U202 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion-->2022 usb-c, 32bit 192kHz but only use much lower, may have to spend time cleaning up some of the noise, high latency, |- | <!--Description-->Bomge U204 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion-->2022 usb-c, 32bit 192kHz but only use much lower , may have to spend time cleaning up some of the noise, high latency, |- | <!--Description-->Bomge Mini | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion-->2024 |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->TI Burr-Brown PCM2702E PCM2704 PCM2704C Muse Audio Mini USB DAC board | <!--Vendor ID-->0x08bb | <!--Product ID-->0x2704 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> maybe usb compliant, no mic input - goodish quality |- | <!--Description-->TI Burr-Brown PCM2900 PCM2902 PCM2906 USB DAC board | <!--Vendor ID-->0x08bb | <!--Product ID-->0x2900 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> maybe usb compliant, no mic input - goodish quality |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Depusheng MD22 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion-->2022 usb-b powered, 24bit 192kHz though is 96kHz, |- | <!--Description-->Depusheng USB Audio | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion-->2023 usb-b powered, 24bit 192kHz though is 96kHz, |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->|Emagic emi 2|6 em2|6 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion-->2002 not uac |- | <!--Description-->|Emagic emi 6|2m | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion-->2005 not uac |- | <!--Description-->|Emagic emi 6|2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion-->2005 not uac |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Ego Systems, Inc. in Korea (ESI) joining with RIDI GmbH | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion-->2006 maybe not usb compliant, |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->esi Mixvibes U46 Mk II USB audio | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{no| }} | <!--Records-->{{no| }} | <!--Opinion-->2007 not usb compliant, usb-b powered, |- | <!--Description-->ESI ESU22 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion-->2008 maybe not usb compliant, |- | <!--Description-->esi U24XL | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2008 maybe usb compliant, usb-b powered, 24 bits, 2 analogue inputs and outputs with 6.3 mm jack connection, Output L can be used as a headphone output, S / PDIF digital input - |- | <!--Description-->esi U46XL | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2008 maybe usb compliant, usb-b powered, |- | <!--Description-->ESI Originals, Inc ESIO MAYA22USB | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2013 maybe usb compliant, usb-b powered, 1 xlr, |- | <!--Description-->ESI MAYA44USB+ | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2013 maybe usb compliant, usb-b powered, xlr, |- | <!--Description-->ESI Originals, Inc ESIO MARA22XTU | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2014 maybe usb compliant, usb-b powered, 1 xlr, |- | <!--Description-->ESI U22XT | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2016 usb class compliant |- | <!--Description-->ESI Gigaport Ex | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2020 usb compliant?, usb-c usb3.1, , , |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->iConnectivity iConnectAUDIO2+ icaudio-02 USB audio interface | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2016 }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->LexiconPro - Omega 8x4x2 (USB-1.1) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{no| }} | <!--Records-->{{no| }} | <!--Opinion-->2003 not usb complaint |- | <!--Description-->Lexicon Alpha | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{no| }} | <!--Records-->{{no| }} | <!--Opinion-->2006 not usb compliant, |- | <!--Description-->Lexicon Lambda | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2006 may not be compliant, |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Line 6 Toneport UX1 and Tone Port UX2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion-->2004 not usb compliant, |- | <!--Description-->Line 6 TonePort UX8 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion-->2005 maybe not class compliant, |- | <!--Description-->Line 6 POD Studio UX1 UX2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion-->2006 not usb compliant, |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Lokchonk UX22 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ljSiNmudMm0 Lokchonk UX44HD] | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion-->2023 usb-b , , , 2in 2out only, average latency, |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Mackie Onyx Artist 1·2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2006 maybe not usb compliant, usb-b powered, |- | <!--Description-->Mackie Onyx Producer 2X2 USB Audio Interface | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2008 maybe usb compliant, usb-b midi |- | <!--Description-->Mackie Onyx Blackjack | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2011 USB powered but maybe not usb compliant, Two Onyx Preamps, 2-in, 2-out which are combo Neutrik-type connectors to handle XLR, instrument or line level |- | <!--Description-->Mackie | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2011 maybe usb compliant, , , |- | <!--Description-->Media Assistance USB-One | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{no| }} | <!--Records-->{{no| }} | <!--Opinion-->2009 not uac cc comliant, |- | <!--Description-->M-Audio Fast Track USB | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2004 maybe not usb compliant, - guitar |- | <!--Description-->M-Audio Fast Track Ultra (6 in 6 out) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion-->2008 maybe usb cc providing 24-bit/96kHz audio capabilities but requires manual configuration of the mixer settings |- | <!--Description-->M-Audio M-Track | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2008 usb compliant?, okay - guitar and vocal mainly |- | <!--Description-->[https://htyp.org/M-Audio/Fast_Track_Ultra/Linux M-Audio FastTrack Ultra] and Ultra 8R | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2010 maybe usb compliant, low round-trip latency, okay octane pre amps, adc, |- | <!--Description-->M-Audio M-Track 2x2M | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2016 usb compliant? usb-c - okay pre-amps, , |- | <!--Description-->M-Audio M-Track (MkII) 2x2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2016 usb compliant? usb-c - okay pre amps, , |- | <!--Description-->M-Audio M-Track Solo | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2021 usb compliant? - okay but issues, MJN4580C opamps (lower gain 55 dB at volume 9-10), ti PCM2900C ADC 16bit means there is a hard noise floor at -96 dB, plastic build no rf shielding, |- | <!--Description-->M-Audio M-Track DUO | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2021 usb compliant? - okay but issues, MJN4580C opamps (lower gain 55 dB at volume 9-10), ti PCM2900C ADC 16bit means there is a hard noise floor at -96 dB, plastic build no rf sheild, |- | <!--Description-->M-Audio Air | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> maybe usb compliant, okay |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->NI AK1 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x17CC | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2008 maybe usb compliant, |- | <!--Description-->[https://www.pogo.org.uk/~mark/linuxdj/ Native Instruments Traktor Audio 8 DJ], [ Traktor Audio 4 DJ], [ Traktor Audio 2 DJ], | <!--Vendor ID-->0x17cc | <!--Product ID-->0x1978, 0x0839, 0x041C | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{no| }} | <!--Records-->{{no| }} | <!--Opinion-->2009 not usb compliant uses snd-usb-caiaq module, [https://mixxx.discourse.group/t/problems-with-native-instruments-audio-8-dj-on-linux/14719/2 Audio 8 device has 4 subunits which are not recognized correctly], Cirrus Logic DACs spec'd at 24-bit/96KHz over a USB2, |- | <!--Description-->NI Komplete Audio 6 Mk1 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x17CC | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2011 maybe usb compliant, pre amps, 24bit 96kHz adc, ocassional dropouts, plastic build top with metal around 3/4, |- | <!--Description-->Native Instruments NI Komplete Audio 1 and 2 USB | <!--Vendor ID-->0x17CC | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2019 maybe usb compliant, good pre amp ein -129.5 dBu, ad/dc, |- | <!--Description-->[https://support.native-instruments.com/hc/en-us/articles/360014683497-Apple-Silicon-Compatibility-News Native Instruments Komplete Audio 6 Mk2] | <!--Vendor ID-->0x17CC | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2019 maybe usb compliant, pre amps, 24bit 192kHz adc, black aluminum glass build, |- | <!--Description-->[ Native Instruments Traktor Pro] | <!--Vendor ID-->0x17cc | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2023 maybe usb compliant |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Novation AudioHub 2x4 NOVHUB01 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2008 maybe usb compliant, usb-b powered, no xlr, focusrite sounds inside, |- | <!--Description-->Novation AudioHub | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> maybe usb compliant, |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Prodipe Studio 22 Pro | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> maybe not usb compliant, |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Schiit HEL 1 USB Audio Interface | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2019 |- | <!--Description-->Schiit HEL 2 USB Audio Interface | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2021 gaming headsets mostly |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Roland Edirol UA-3 Audio Capture | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0582 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->1998 maybe not usb compliant, |- | <!--Description-->Roland Edirol UA-30 Audio Capture | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0582 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{no|no driver}} | <!--Records-->{{no|no driver}} | <!--Opinion-->1999 not usb compliant, |- | <!--Description-->Roland Edirol UA1A UA-1D Audio Capture | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0582 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{no|no driver}} | <!--Records-->{{no|no driver}} | <!--Opinion-->2000 not usb compliant, |- | <!--Description-->Roland Edirol UA-5 Audio Capture (Roland) | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0582 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{no|no driver}} | <!--Records-->{{no|no driver}} | <!--Opinion-->2000 not usb compliant, |- | <!--Description-->Roland Edirol UA-1000 Audio Capture | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0582 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{no|no driver}} | <!--Records-->{{no|no driver}} | <!--Opinion-->2004 not usb compliant, |- | <!--Description-->Roland Edirol UA-1EX, Cakewalk UA-1G | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0582 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{no|no driver}} | <!--Records-->{{no|no driver}} | <!--Opinion-->2005 not usb compliant driver also supports ASIO (Steinberg Audio Stream I/O Interface), noisy |- | <!--Description-->Roland Duo Capture UA-11 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0582 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{no|no driver}} | <!--Records-->{{no|no driver}} | <!--Opinion-->2006 not usb compliant, |- | <!--Description-->Roland QUAD-CAPTURE Analog 2x2 Digital 2x2 USB 2.0 4in/4out | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0582 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{no|no driver}} | <!--Records-->{{no|no driver}} | <!--Opinion-->2005 not usb compliant, usb-b powered |- | <!--Description-->[https://wiki.debian.org/DebianEdu/Documentation/Manuals/Rosegarden/Setup Roland Edirol UA-101 and UA-1000 (Clemens Ladisch driver)] | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0582 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{no| }} | <!--Records-->{{no| }} | <!--Opinion-->2006 not usb compliant, |- | <!--Description-->[https://github.com/mmueller-kaffeeschluerfercom/UA-25-Firmware-Modification Roland Edirol ua-25] | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0582 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2007 maybe usb compliant 16bit 44.1kHz sampling without MIDI but not USB class complient when in Advanced mode for 24bit or midi |- | <!--Description-->Edirol by Roland USB AudioCapture UA-25EX | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0582 | <!--Product ID-->0x00e6, 0x00e7 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2008 maybe usb compliant if ADVANCED DRIVER switched to OFF might play and record at 44.1kHz and 16-bit samples |- | <!--Description-->Roland Audio Interface V-Studio 20 VS-20 Cakewalk | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0582 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{no| }} | <!--Records-->{{no| }} | <!--Opinion-->2010 maybe not usb compliant, usb-b powered, 1 xlr, |- | <!--Description-->Roland Edirol UA55 UA-55 Quad Cakewalk | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0582 | <!--Product ID-->0x012f | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{no| }} | <!--Records-->{{no| }} | <!--Opinion-->2011 not USB class compliant, |- | <!--Description-->Roland DUO-CAPTURE EX UA-22 USB Audio | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0582 | <!--Product ID-->0x0159 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2013 maybe usb compliant but not be used with a USB 3.0 port that is not compatible with USB 2.0 specification, vs pre amps, adc, three AA batteries in base, or an AC adapter psb-1u 9V 2A - |- | <!--Description-->Roland Rubix series Roland Rubix22 USB 2.0 Audio Interface | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2017 maybe usb compliant, |- | <!--Description-->Roland Rubix series Roland Rubix24 USB 2.0 Audio Interface | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2017 maybe usb compliant, |- | <!--Description-->Roland | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> maybe usb compliant |- | <!--Description-->Steinberg MI2, Steinberg MI4 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{no| }} | <!--Records-->{{no| }} | <!--Opinion-->2004 not usb compliant, |- | <!--Description-->Steinberg (2004 Yamaha buys) MIDI interface hardware including the CC like CC121 CC-121 and CI1 CI2 series. | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{no|no driver}} | <!--Records-->{{no|no driver}} | <!--Opinion-->2008 not usb compliant, |- | <!--Description-->Steinberg UR12 UR22 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2013 maybe not usb compliant, poor pre-amps, |- | <!--Description-->Steinberg UR44 usb audio interface | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2014 maybe not usb compliant, poor pre-amps, |- | <!--Description-->Steinberg UR242 audio interface | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2015 maybe usb compliant, usb powered or 5v psu, okay pre-amps, |- | <!--Description-->Steinberg UR22mkII | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2018 maybe usb compliant, okay pre-amps ein -123 dBu, ad/dc, |- | <!--Description-->Steinberg UR-RT 2 USB Audio Interface | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2018 maybe usb compliant, usb2.0 usb-b, pre-amps, ad/dc, |- | <!--Description-->Steinberg UR44C (USB3) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2019 maybe usb compliant, |- | <!--Description-->Steinberg URX22C UR22C | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2021 maybe usb compliant, preamps okay but little noisy, ad/dc. |- | <!--Description-->Steinberg UR22 MkIII UR series | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2024 maybe usb compliant usb-c, okay pre-amps, adc, |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Tapco LiNK.USB 2x2 (Loud technologies WA, USA) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{no| }} | <!--Records-->{{no| }} | <!--Opinion-->2005 maybe not compliant, usb-b, poor pre-amps hum, latency issues, |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->[https://git.alsa-project.org/?p=alsa-tools.git;a=blob;f=usx2yloader/README;hb=3843634ef0310a952b256bcb6a4ddd0ad4ebe396 Teac Tascam US-422 US-428 US2XYloader] | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0644 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{no|no driver}} | <!--Records-->{{no|no driver}} | <!--Opinion-->2000 not usb compliant, |- | <!--Description-->Tascam US-122 US-224 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0644 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{no|no driver}} | <!--Records-->{{no|no driver}} | <!--Opinion-->2003 not usb compliant, needing firmware usx2yloader/us122fw.ihx for audio sound card - Tascam US-122 and US-122L are not the same - |- | <!--Description-->Tascam US-122L | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0644 | <!--Product ID-->0x800e | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{no|no driver}} | <!--Records-->{{no|no driver}} | <!--Opinion-->2006 not usb compliant, obsolete needs tascam_loader.ihx and us122fw.ihx firmware loaded each time unless automated |- | <!--Description-->Tascam US122 US-122 Mk2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{no|no driver}} | <!--Records-->{{no|no driver}} | <!--Opinion-->2004 not usb compliant although USB2 downgrade so using USB1.1 UHCI, tascam units suffer from high round-trip latency as do most typical USB units |- | <!--Description-->Tascam US144 US-144 Mk2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{no|no driver}} | <!--Records-->{{no|no driver}} | <!--Opinion-->2004 maybe usb compliant although USB2 downgrade so using USB1.1 UHCI, tascam units suffer from high round-trip latency as do most typical USB units |- | <!--Description-->Teac TASCAM US-200 USB 2.0 Audio / MIDI Interface | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{no|no driver}} | <!--Records-->{{no|no driver}} | <!--Opinion-->2011 maybe not usb compliant, |- | <!--Description-->Teac US-366 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{no|no driver}} | <!--Records-->{{no|no driver}} | <!--Opinion-->2011 maybe not usb compliant, |- | <!--Description-->Teac TASCAM US-600 USB 2.0 Audio / MIDI Interface | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{no|no driver}} | <!--Records-->{{no|no driver}} | <!--Opinion-->2011 maybe not usb compliant, |- | <!--Description-->Teac TASCAM US-800 USB 2.0 Audio / MIDI Interface | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{no|no driver}} | <!--Records-->{{no|no driver}} | <!--Opinion-->2011 may not be totally usb compliant |- | <!--Description-->Teac Tascam iU2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{no| }} | <!--Records-->{{no| }} | <!--Opinion-->2012 maybe not usb compliant, |- | <!--Description-->Teac Corp Tascam US-2x2 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0644 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2014 usb compliant?, 5v dc power, midi out in, |- | <!--Description-->Teac Corp Tascam US-4x4 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0644 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> usb compliant?, |- | <!--Description-->Teac Tascam US-16x08 US-20x20 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0644 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->teyun q12 Q-12, q22 Q-22 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> maybe usb compliant - unknown pre amp, unknown ad/dc, |- | <!--Description-->Teyun q26 Q-26, q24 Q-24 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> maybe usb compliant - unknown pre amp, unknown ad/dc, |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Yamaha UW500 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion-->2000 not class compliant, |- | <!--Description-->Yamaha Audiogram 3 USB Digital Audio Interface | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2012 maybe usb compliant, okay pre amp, 16bit 44kHz adc no advanced features without dedicated asio driver, 1 xlr, 1 instrument, |- | <!--Description-->Yamaha Audiogram 6 USB Digital Audio Interface | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2013 maybe usb compliant, okay, 2 xlr, 2 instrument, |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Zoom UAC-232 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> maybe not usb compliant, okay, |- | <!--Description-->Zoom UAC | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> maybe not usb compliant, okay, |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion--> |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Playback | Records | Opinion |- | <!--Description-->[http://www.arcam.co.uk/products,rseries,usb-dacs,rPAC.htm Arcam rPac] | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Audioquest Dragonfly | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Audioengine D1 Premium 24-bit DAC | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Beresford TC-7520 (Burr Brown PCM 1716) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Beresford TC-7520 + Burson Buffer + MK3 JKSPDIF | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->[http://epiphany-acoustics.co.uk/products-page/dacs/e-dac-24bit-miniature-usb-dac/ Epiphany E-DAC 24bit] ES9023 DAC chip | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Firestone Audio FUBAR II Mk2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Firestone Audio iLoveTW 24Bit USB DAC | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->FiiO D5 ta2020 chip amp | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->FiiO E07K Andes | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->FiiO E17 Alpen | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->GoVibe Magnum | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->GoVibe Martini-U | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->GoVibe Vulcan | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Halide Design DAC HD (Wolfson WM8716) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->HRT Steamer II USB DAC | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->John Kenny JKDAC uses a 24-bit/192&nbsp;kHz Sabre ES9022 DAC or better JKDAC32 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> iBasso D12 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Leckerton UHA-6S MKII | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->MyST 1866 PortaDAC | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Objective DAC ODAC+O2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Rega DAC (Wolfson WM8742) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Playback | Records | Opinion |- | <!--Description-->[http://www.henryaudio.com/open-source.php Henry Audio USB DAC 128 also known as QNKTC AB-1.2 open source DAC] | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Henry Audio mkII | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->AKM4430 DAC chip comes from Asahi Kasai |- | <!--Description-->DevilSound USB DAC | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Zoom U series | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->KingRex UD-01 SE (Burr-Brown PCM 2702E) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->SuperPro 24/192 USB DAC (24bit 192&nbsp;kHz, CS-4398 D/A chip) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Playback | Records | Opinion |- | CMedia CM108 7.1ch emulation I2S in and out | 0x1926 | 0x0003 | 0x0100 | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | [http://www.lindy.co.uk/usb-2-audio-adapter/42961.html Lindy USB 2.0] (Chipset CM108) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | Speed-Link SL-8850-SBK Vigo ([http://mightyohm.com/forum/viewtopic.php?p=1036#p1030 CMedia CM108]) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | Dynamode USB SOUNDCARD 2.0 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0003 | <!--Product ID-->0x1130 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | Dynamode Virtual 7.1 USB-SOUND7 (C-Media ) | 0x0d8c | 0x000c 0x000e | 1.00 | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Generic White box with very little red led and white USB lead (CMedia ) | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0d8c | <!--Product ID--> 0c000e | <!--Revision-->1.00 | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion--> |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Playback | Records | Opinion |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | CM109 CiT SC-U119 5.1 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion--> |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Playback | Records | Opinion |- | CMedia CM1197.1ch I2C MCU port Penguin | 0x0D8C | 0x0000 | 0x010 | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion--> |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Playback | Records | Opinion |- | <!--Description-->Sweex 7.1 Startech External USB, WMA Blue metal box SYBA SD-AUD20040, Sabrent USB-SND8, Sewell Vantec NBA-200U (C-Media CM6206 CM106 like) | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0d8c | <!--Product ID-->0x0102 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->50/50 if the item is detected but does not work |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Creative Labs SoundBlaster X-fi | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Creative X-Fi Go | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Creative X-Fi 5.1 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Creative Sound Blaster Play! USB sound adapter (SB1140) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> working with [http://www.amiga.org/forums/showpost.php?p=646431&postcount=15 Deneb on OS3] |- | <!--Description-->Asus Xonar U1 (ASUS UA100 USB Audio Chip) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Asus Xonar U3 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Playback | Records | Opinion |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Griffin iMic | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->M-Audio Transit | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Icemat Siberia (steel series) (Cmedia chipset) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->JMTek HY554, ZyXEL NSA-220, Logilink (Tenx Technology TP6911 and SSS-1623 headphone set) | 0x0C76 0x1130 | 0x1605 0x1607 0xf211 | 0x | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> reports on other OS not good |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Plantronics "DSP Adapter-01" (or "USB Adapter-02") | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Rocksmith Real Tone Cable | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->RSA Intruder Predator | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->StarTech ICUSBAUDIO7 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0d8c | <!--Product ID-->0x000c | <!--Revision-->1.00 | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Stoner Acoustics UD100 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Teac UDH01-B | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Terratec Aureon 5.1 USB | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Terratec Aureon 5.1 USB MKII | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->TerraTec Electronic GmbH Aureon Dual USB | 0x0ccd | 0x0077 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Terratec Phase26 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Trust 510 EX 5.1 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Logitech A-5572A USB 2.0 to 3.5mm jacks Virtual 7.1 Surround Sound Adapter or accessory of Logitech Clearchat pro USB or Logitech USB Headset H530 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0003 | <!--Product ID-->0x046D | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Trumix TM-10 USB Audio Interface | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion-->2024 maybe cc |- | <!--Description-->Trumix TM-12 USB-C | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2024 maybe cc usb compliant, |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Turtle Beach Audio Advantage Amigo Micro II USB Sound Card & Headset Adapter | <!--Vendor ID-->0x10F5 | <!--Product ID-->0x0211 | <!--Revision-->0100 | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Vantec NBA-100U 7.1 Channel | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion--> |} Companies including Access, Alesis, Allen&Heath, American Audio, CME, ESI, Infrasonic, Lexicon, Numark, Presonus, Reloop, SIMS, Sound Devices, Steinberg, Swissonic, Tascam, Terrasoniq, Terratec, Yamaha and Yellowtec decided to license and bundle this driver. So fully functional custom drivers are available for Access Virus TI, Access Virus TI snow, Alesis Multimix 8 USB2.0, Alesis Multimix 16 USB2.0, Allen&Heath XONE:2D, Allen&Heath XONE:3D, Allen&Heath XONE:4D, Allen&Heath XONE:DX, Allen&Heath XONE:DB4, American Audio Versa Port, CME XCORPIO, ESI ESU1808, ESI Gigaport AG / DG, ESI Maya 44 USB, Infrasonic Amon, Lexicon I-ONIX U22, Lexicon I-ONIX U42S, Lexicon I-ONIX U82S, Mindprint DI-MOD USB, Numark DJ IO, Numark NS6, Numark NS7, Numark Omni Control, Numark V7, Presonus Audiobox USB, Reloop Digital Jockey, SIMS Primus, Sound Devices USB pre, Steinberg MI2, Steinberg MI4, Swissonic Easy USB, Tascam M-164UF, Tascam US-122L, Tascam US-144, Tascam US-Tascam US-144mkII 122mkII, Tascam US-200, Tascam US-600, Tascam US-1641, Tascam US-1800, Tascam US-2000, Terratec Area 61, Terrasoniq Phase X64, Terratec Phase 26 USB, Yamaha UW10, Yamaha UW500, Yellowtec PUC2 and many others. Well, those companies are using the same driver framework because all of those interfaces use the same microprocessor/firmware architecture to communicate with the USB bus. Just like almost all FireWire audio interfaces use the same TC Dice or BridgeCo chipsets. Usually it does not make sense for companies to develop their own USB1.1/USB2/FW framework for a product they are going to sell for <$500. However, that isn't the end of the story. The companies who develop audio interfaces implement different features into their devices and must update the driver and firmware to accommodate those features. That is where things can go wrong. Sometimes there is miss-communication about how things are coded, sometimes the developer who started a project leaves without transferring his knowledge to his successor, etc. You have to keep in mind that there are no "big" computer audio companies. Even the companies that seem big in the scale of the market, probably have fewer employees than you'd think. A very well made interface that is designed from scratch from the ground up would be a very expensive device, regardless of whether it's USB, FW, PCIe or whatever. Round-trip latency is the sum of the following: <pre> ASIO input buffer ASIO output buffer A/D D/A converter latency The driver's hidden safety buffer </pre> At a 64-sample ASIO buffer size/44.1k, Tascam units yield ~18ms total round-trip latency. Typical USB audio interfaces use a large hidden safety buffer. This helps ensure glitch-free playback... even under less than ideal circumstances. But... this comes at the expense of much higher round-trip latency. Short of doubling the sample-rate, there's no means of mitigating the higher round-trip latency. If you have no plans of ever monitoring in realtime thru software based EFX/processing (ie: playing/monitoring DI bass thru an AmpSim plugin as you're playing), then this may not matter to you. If you want the ability this play/monitor in realtime thru software based EFX/processing, make sure to get an audio interface that yields low round-trip latency. As a point of reference the best PCI/e audio interfaces yield about 5ms total round-trip latency at a 64-sample ASIO buffer size/44.1k The best Firewire and USB units yield 5.5-5.6ms total round-trip latency at those same settings. Typical USB and Firewire units (that use a large hidden safety buffer) yield 12-18ms total round-trip latency at those same settings. Anything above ~6ms starts to feel sluggish. Anything above ~10ms feels like playing thru molasses. USB Microphones {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | <!--Description-->C-Media Electronics, Inc. CM108 Audio Controller Mic | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0d8c | <!--Product ID-->0x013c | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Elgato WaveMic | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Elgato Wave:1 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2019 no driver }} |- | <!--Description-->Elgato Wave:3 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2019 no driver lightweight }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->hyperx solocast | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2018 no driver}} |- | <!--Description-->hyperx quadcast | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2018 no driver}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Sennheiser CC510 USB | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Opinion |- | <!--Description-->Alesis USB-Mic microphone podcasting kit | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Audio-Technica AT2020 (AT202) AT4040 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Audio-Technica AT2035 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Behringer B1 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Blue Microphones Snowball | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Blue Microphones Snowball iCE | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| cardioid only }} |- | <!--Description-->Blue Microphones Yeti | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|can pick up a lot of background noise but not sure if right mode used }} |- | <!--Description-->Blue Microphones Yeti Pro | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| can pick up a lot of background noise but not sure if right mode used }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->MXL 2001A/600 Studio Microphone Pack / MXL 2003A Studio Condenser | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Microsoft LifeChat LX-3000 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Namtai SingStar(TM) PS2 SCEH-0001 USBMIC | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1415 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision-->0.01 | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| mono microphones }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Neumann MT48 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Razer Seiren X | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Razer Seiren Mini USB Condenser Microphone | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Rockband USB Mic | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Rode NT1A VideoMic Pro | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Rode Podcaster 2 USB | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| RODECaster Pro usb audio compatible}} |- | <!--Description-->Rode NT1A NT2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| NT2 better }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Roland R-07 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Samson Go Mic - Portable USB Microphone for Recording | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| mini usb r.h.s. and clip on the bottom left hand side}} |- | <!--Description-->Samson Go Mic Clip On USB Microphone | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| switch to choose between Cardiod, Omni and -10&nbsp;dB modes, a 3.5mm headphone socket and a USB socket}} |- | <!--Description-->Samson C01U | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| cardoid only}} |- | <!--Description-->Samson C03U | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Shure MV7 USB Podcast Microphone | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Shure MV7+ XLR & USB-C dynamic microphone | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Opinion |- | <!--Description-->SONY PCM-D50 handy | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| one mini usb 5V, }} |- | <!--Description-->Sony PCM-M10 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| one mini usb out 5V, }} |- | <!--Description-->SONY | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| one mini usb out, }} |- | <!--Description-->SONY | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| one mini usb out, }} |- | <!--Description-->TASCAM DR-1 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2008, one mini usb out, lithium battery}} |- | <!--Description-->Tascam DR-07 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2009, one mini usb out, aa battery}} |- | <!--Description-->Tascam DR05 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2011, one mini usb port for file transfer and charging the AA batteries }} |- | <!--Description-->Tascam DR-40 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2011 mini usb aa battery }} |- | <!--Description-->Tascam DR-07mkII | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2012 , one mini usb out, }} |- | <!--Description-->Tascam DR-05X | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2019 , one micro usb out, }} |- | <!--Description-->Tascam DR-07X | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2019 , one micro usb out, }} |- | <!--Description-->Tascam DR-40X | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2019 , one micro usb 3 aa battery }} |- | <!--Description-->Tascam DR-05XP | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 , one usb-c , }} |- | <!--Description-->Tascam DR-07XP | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 , one usb-c , }} |- | <!--Description-->Tascam DR-40XP | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 , one usb-c, }} |- | <!--Description-->Tascam DR-100mkIII | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| , usb , }} |- | <!--Description-->Tascam | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| , usb , }} |- | <!--Description-->Zoom H4 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1686 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2006 no driver, mini usb 5V }} |- | <!--Description-->Zoom H2 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1686 | <!--Product ID-->0x0095 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2007 no driver, mini usb 5V audio i/f USB Card and USB Audio; press the Record button when USB Audio is displayed. Press Record again to choose the default }} |- | <!--Description-->Zoom H4n | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1686 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2009 no driver, mini usb 5V }} |- | <!--Description-->Zoom H1 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1686 | <!--Product ID-->0x0120 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2010 no driver, mini usb 5V and display will alternate between USB Card and USB Audio; press the Record button when USB Audio is displayed. Press Record again to choose the default }} |- | <!--Description-->Zoom H2n | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1686 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2011 no driver, mini usb 5V audio i/f press the Record. Press Record again to choose the default }} |- | <!--Description-->Zoom H4n PRO | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1686 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2011 no driver, mini usb 5V }} |- | <!--Description-->Zoom H6 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1686 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2013 untested, 2xlr, 5v mini usb, }} |- | <!--Description-->Zoom H5 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1686 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2014 no driver, 5v mini usb, 2 xlr, }} |- | <!--Description-->Zoom H1n-vp handy | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1686 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2018 no driver, mini usb 5V }} |- | <!--Description-->Zoom H6studio | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1686 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 untested}} |- | <!--Description-->Zoom | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1686 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|no driver}} |- | <!--Description-->Zoom Q3 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1686 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2008 untested usb a cord, no hdmi, 480p}} |- | <!--Description-->Zoom Q3HD Handy Video Recorder | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1686 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2010 untested, built in usb-a cord, mini hdmi, 1 hour on 2 AA batteries, H.264 movies 480p }} |- | <!--Description-->Zoom Q2HD Handy | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1686 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2012 untested, up 720p but no stablisation, mini usb cord, 1 hour on 2 AA batteries}} |- | <!--Description-->Zoom Q4 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1686 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2014 untested, li-ion battery}} |- | <!--Description-->Zoom Q4N | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1686 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2015 untested, li-ion battery}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Opinion |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Audio Technica ATR4697-USB Boundary Microphone | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->CAD Audio CAD USB Condenser Boundary Microphone | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->MXL AC-44 Boundary Conferencing Mic | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Samson Audio SAUB1 Boundary Microphone (USB) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |} USB Speakers {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Focal XS 2.1 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- |} USB Headset Wired/Wireless {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | Logitech Vantage Wired (came free with PS2 Socom3) | | | | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | Logitech G330 | | | | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | Logitech Premium USB Stereo Headset 350 | | | | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | Plantronics DSP-300 | | | | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | Plantronics GameCom 777 | | | | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Opinion |- | <!--Description-->Wireless | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | Logitech G-930 Wireless | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | [http://www.makeuseof.com/tag/set-usb-wireless-earphones/ Plantronics Audio 995 Wireless RF] | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | Sennheiser Wireless | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- |} [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Be1e0QPIPK0 Mixers] {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | <!--Description-->ALESIS MULTIMIX 4 CHANNEL USB MIXER | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Alesis - MultiMix 8 USB FX (USB 1.0) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->2010 usb compliant?, up to 16-bit/48kHz, 18v 500mA - |- | <!--Description-->Alesis - MultiMix 8 USB 2.0 FX (USB 2.0) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->2012 usb compliant?, up to 16-bit/48kHz, |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Allen&Heath MixWiz16 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> maybe not usb compliant, |- | <!--Description-->Allen and Heath ZED Power 1000 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no usb 8 xlr, usb-b out, }} |- | <!--Description-->Allen & Heath ZEDi-10 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> maybe not usb compliant, |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Behringer XENYX 302USB | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| 5-Input Mixer/Audio Interface - 1 xlr - }} |- | <!--Description-->Behringer Xenyx Q502USB Mixer | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|no driver}} Behringer 2*18.5V 250ma psu - 1 xlr - phanton power - |- | <!--Description-->Behringer Xenyx Q802USB | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no driver}} Behringer 2*18.5V 250ma psu - 2 xlr - phanton power - |- | <!--Description-->BEHRINGER XENYX 1204USB 8-Channel 2-Bus Mixer USB/Audio Interface Studio/Live | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no driver}} iec kettle psu lead - can develop constant background hiss over time |- | <!--Description-->Behringer XENYX X1222USB | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no driver - 12-Channel Analog Mixer with USB Interface and Effects}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no driver}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no driver}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no driver}} |- | <!--Description-->Depusheng HT-7 HT7USB 7 Channel Audio Mixer | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|2023 cheap no driver, USB MP3 player to work, format your USB stick Fat32 as a Logical drive - not primary}} |- | <!--Description-->Depusheng XT7 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|2025 cheap no driver}} |- | <!--Description-->Depusheng DT8 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|2025 cheap no driver}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no driver}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no driver}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no driver}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no driver}} |- | <!--Description-->Spirit soundcraft Folio FX8 with Lexicon Effects Processor | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no driver}} unusual power connector - [https://github.com/lack/soundcraft-utils usb routing] - |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no driver}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no driver}} |- | <!--Description-->Weymic Professional F7 7-Channel 2-Bus Mixer | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|2022 no driver, cheap mixer with 3pin ac input (introduces noise) and 1 usb-a port}} |- | <!--Description-->Weymic Professional F7-Pro 7-Channel 2-Bus Mixer | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|2022 no driver}} |- | <!--Description-->Weymic A80 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|2024 no driver}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no driver}} |- | <!--Description-->Yamaha | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no driver}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no driver}} |- |} Mixer no hardware usb {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no usb}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no usb}} |- | <!--Description-->ALTO Lynx MIX82FX Audio Mixer | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no usb}} |- | <!--Description-->Alto L16 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no usb}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no usb}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no usb}} |- | <!--Description-->Behringer MXUL5 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no usb}} |- | <!--Description-->Behringer MX602A | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no usb}} |- | <!--Description-->Behringer Eurorack UB502 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no usb 17.5V 3pin psu needed}} |- | <!--Description-->Behringer Eurorack UB802 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no usb 2 xlr,}} |- | <!--Description-->Behringer Eurorack UB1002 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no usb 2 xlr,}} |- | <!--Description-->Behringer Eurorack UB1202 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no usb 4 xlr, }} |- | <!--Description-->Behringer Eurorack UB1602 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no usb}} |- | <!--Description-->Behringer RX1602 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no usb}} |- | <!--Description-->Behringer 802 XENYX 8-Input 2-Bus Mixer Small Format Mixer | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no driver}} Behringer 18.5V ???ma psu - 2 xlr - phanton power - |- | <!--Description-->Behringer Xenyx 502 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no usb}} |- | <!--Description-->Behringer Xenyx | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no usb}} |- | <!--Description-->Behringer | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no usb}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no hardware usb connection}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no usb}} |- | <!--Description-->IMG stage Line MMX-122 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no usb, 4 xlr, iec cable}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no hardware usb connection}} |- | <!--Description-->Mackie 802VLZ4 Mackie 802-VLZ4 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no usb , psu}} |- | <!--Description-->Mackie 1202-VLZ Pro | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no usb, mains iec}} |- | <!--Description-->Mackie Mix5 Mixer | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no usb}} 18v 300mA psu - 5 Channel - |- | <!--Description-->Mackie Mix8 Mixer | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no usb}} 9v x2 600mA psu - |- | <!--Description-->Mackie MIX12FX | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no usb, 4 xlr, 9v 500mA x2 psu, }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no hardware usb connection}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no usb}} |- | <!--Description-->[https://www.soundcraft.com/en/product_documents/en/owners_manual Soundcraft] Spirit Folio F1 Fader 100 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no driver}} 16 Channel Mixer - |- | <!--Description-->Soundcraft EPM6 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no hardware usb connection}} |- | <!--Description-->Soundcraft EPM8 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no hardware usb connection}} |- | <!--Description-->Harman Soundcraft EPM 12 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no driver}} iec kettle power lead - |- | <!--Description-->Soundcraft EPM 16 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no driver}} |- | <!--Description-->Soundcraft Notepad 8FX | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no hardware usb connection}} |- | <!--Description-->Soundcraft Notepad UI12 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> connect via wifi |- | <!--Description-->Soundcraft Notepad UI16 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> connect via wifi |- | <!--Description-->Soundcraft Notepad 124FX | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no hardware usb connection, 14.8V x2 3 pin psu}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no hardware usb connection}} |- | <!--Description-->t.mix xmix 1402fx mp usb | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no hardware usb connection, mains iec, }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no hardware usb connection}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no hardware usb connection}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no hardware usb connection}} |- |} ==Webcameras== A USB camera has two dedicated chips: a controller or bridge and an image sensor. There was no Commodore support for video interfaces. The only commercial, now discontinued application that defined some sort of standard was VHI Studio by iospirit. ===OLD standards=== See [http://www.e3b.de/usb/main_supported_e.html support pages] and [http://www.e3b.de/usb/main_faq_e.html here] and some [http://webcam-osx.sourceforge.net/cameras/index.php?orderBy=status further compatibility] Pencam STV680 {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | AIPTEK stv680 | 0x0553 | 0x0202 | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | Konica e-mini | 0x04c8 | 0x0722 | | {{N/A|untested }} |- | DigitalDream l'espion XS | 0x1183 | 0x0001 | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | [http://reviews.cnet.com/webcams/creative-webcam-go/1707-6502_7-1446174.html Creative WebCam Go mini] | 0x041e | 0x4007 | | {{N/A|untested}} |- |} SonixcamTool (Sonix webcams and derivates) '''Note [http://amigadev.free.fr/sonix/ some] Sonix Webcams with a Sonix SN9C1xx controller ''and'' a pas106b or tas5110c1b sensor support bulk mode which works even with pciusb.device!''' {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | Macally IceCam II | 0x0c45 | 0x05d8 | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | Sweex MiniCam 100K | 0x0c45 | 0x6005 | | {{N/A|untested - sensor tas5110c1b}} |- | Macally IceCam Portable | 0x0c45 | 0x6007 | | {{N/A|untested - sensor tas5110d}} |- | Sweex 100K | 0x0c45 | 0x6009 | 0x0101 | {{yes|bulk works - sensor pas106b}} |- | [http://www.epinions.com/pr-Chicony_TwinkleCam_Webcam/display_~full_specs Chicony Twinkle DC-2110A] | 0x0c45 | 0x600d | | {{no|no}} |- | Unknown | 0x0c45 | 0x601e | | {{no|no}} |- | USB PC Camera (SN9C102) | 0x0c45 | 0x6028 | | {{no|no - sn9c10x + pas202b}} |- | Trust SpaceC@m 120 and 150 | 0x0c45 | 0x6029 | | {{N/A|untested - sensor pas106a}} |- | HiRes Webcam Live | 0x0c45 | 0x602c | | {{no|no - sensor ov7630}} |- | [http://www.sweex.com/en/assortiment/sound-vision/webcams/JA000020 Sweex USB Webcam 300K] | 0x0c45 | 0x608f | | {{no|no - sensor ov7630}} |- | Speedlink Sphere Webcam SL-6820, 350K | 0x0c45 | 0x613c | 0x0101 | {{N/A|untested - sensor HV7131R}} |- | WB-3250P | 0x0c45 | 0x613e | | {{no|no - sensor ov7630}} |- | Unknown | 0x0c45 | 0x6207 | | {{no|no}} |} <pre> micromaxx USB Camera STM 1363 514 works --- USB Tower Lego 1684 1 works need NCQ Trust Spycam 100plus STM 1363 514 works </pre> ov51x.class - no driver {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | D-Link VGA Webcam (640x480) | 0x05a9 | 0x8519 | | {{no|no driver}} |- | Sony PS2 EyeToy Logitech/Logicool Black (ov519) SCEH-0004 | 0x054c | 0x0154 | | {{no|no driver}} |- | Sony PS2 EyeToy Namtai Silver (ov519) SLEH-00031 SLEH-00030 | 0x054c | 0x0155 | | {{no|no driver}} |- |} ===UVC.class - [https://www.usb.org/document-library/video-class-v15-document-set USB Device Class Definition for Video Devices or USB Video Class]=== AROS does not supported as still needs an uvc.class which might create a virtual UVC.VHI or an expanded streaming device driver for use by AROS apps *2003 UVC 1.0 baseline streaming of uncompressed YUV422, MJPEG, and compressed MPEG-2 TS, DV *2005 [http://www.cajunbot.com/wiki/images/8/85/USB_Video_Class_1.1.pdf UVC 1.1] baseline HD 720p streams formats, usb2 support, *2012 [https://www.usb.org/document-library/video-class-v15-document-set UVC 1.5] added usb3 devices and compressed h.264 and VP8 formats *2019 the market is filled with UVC Compliant USB HDMI Capture *Aros needs to read the camera’s class-specific Video Control (VC) unit and terminal descriptors. *Identifies the devices as UVC-compatible and links it to the native UVC class driver, so no separate driver installation is required. *Aros and camera determine the appropriate streaming settings, including format, resolution, and frame rate. *Once set, video data moves from the image sensor to the onboard ISP, then through the USB controller and into the host system for viewing, analysis, or recording *More advanced functions, such as HDR, ROI, and hardware trigger support, can be managed {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | <!--Description-->Acasis 4K30 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|}} |- | <!--Description-->Acasis 4K60 HD VS009 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|4k 60hz ok for chat streams}} |- | <!--Description-->Acasis 4K60 HDMI HDR Game Live Video Capture | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| for chat streams }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->AJA U-tap HDMI | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|}} |- | <!--Description-->ASUS TUF CU4K30 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->ATEN CAMLIVE HDMI to USB-C UVC Video Capture adapter UC3020 HDMI (F) TO USB-C M | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2019 possibly UVC and UAC standard support allows up to 1080P @ 60}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Avermedia Live Streamer Cap 4K - BU113 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x07ca | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2021 uvc usb3}} |- | <!--Description-->AVerMedia GC515 video capturing device | <!--Vendor ID-->0x07ca | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2021 USB 3.2 Gen 1 (3.1 Gen 1)}} |- | <!--Description-->AVerMedia Live Gamer Ultra GC553 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x07ca | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2021 usb3 powered by Type C USB cable and 4K HDMI cable}} |- | <!--Description-->AVerMedia Live Gamer Ultra S GC553PROW 302AGC553DL2 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x07ca | <!--Product ID-->0x1553 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2021 powered by good quality type C USB3 cable and 4K HDMI 2.0 cable}} |- | <!--Description-->AVermedia Live Gamer Mini GC311 302AGC311DG9 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x07ca | <!--Product ID-->0x1311 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2021 uvc compliant up to 1080p 60fps capture and supports internal hardware H.264 encoding - if flashing blue light try another '''quality''' micro usb cable - }} |- | <!--Description-->AVerMedia Ez Recorder 330 (ER330) | <!--Vendor ID-->0x07ca | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2021 designed to work independently and is generally not compatible as a plug-and-play UVC capture card }} |- | <!--Description-->AVerMedia Live Gamer extreme3 GC551G2 (LGX3) | <!--Vendor ID-->0x07ca | <!--Product ID-->0x3551 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2022 uvc compliant for intensive gaming streams, some vrr but no hdr with maximum recording resolution of 4K30/1080p60 from fully wired usb3 compatible cable - passing through 4K60/1080p120 Game Capture video capturing device HDMI}} |- | <!--Description-->AVerMedia Live Gamer Ultra Pro GC553Pro | <!--Vendor ID-->0x07ca | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2024 usb3 }} |- | <!--Description-->AVerMedia Live Gamer Ultra 2.1 GC553G2 61GC553G20BV video capturing device | <!--Vendor ID-->0x07ca | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 USB 3.2 Gen 1 (3.1 Gen 1)}} |- | <!--Description-->AVerMedia GC575 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x07ca | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 usb3 powered by Type C USB cable and 4K HDMI cable}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->AVMatrix | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->ClonerAlliance Flint 4KP Plus | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->DIGITNOW U600 video capture card | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2022 uvc uac }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Epiphan AV.io HD | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Epiphan AV.io 4K | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Elgato Cam Link 4K | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0FD9 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2018 uvc }} |- | <!--Description-->[https://github.com/elgatosf/capture-device-support Elgato HD60 S+] | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0FD9 | <!--Product ID-->0x006C, 0x006E | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2019 4K 30FPS capture, 1080p 60FPS uvc}} |- | <!--Description-->Elgato HD60 X | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0FD9 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2022 uvc }} |- | <!--Description-->Elgato Cam Link 4K HDMI video capture card | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0FD9 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 uvc compliant but can have usb disconnects}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->EVGA XR1 USB | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2021 USB 3.0 device with 1080/60 capture and 4K/60 passthrough}} |- | <!--Description-->EVGA XR1 lite USB | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2022 USB 3.0 device }} |- | <!--Description-->EVGA XR1 Pro USB | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2021 USB 3.0 device with 1080/60 capture and 4K/60 passthrough}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->EZcap Game Link Raw - ezcap321 usb3.1 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2022 2160p30, 1080p120 and 1440p60 HDMI input and pass-through. - 1080p120, 2160p30 and 1440p60 recording. - Latency less than 50ms uvc}} |- | <!--Description-->EZCap GameDock Ultra | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2022 record at 4K30, 1440p60, and 1080p120}} |- | <!--Description-->EZcap 360 Game Capture Extreme | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2023 USB 3.0, 4K 60FPS passthru and 1080p 240FPS}} |- | <!--Description-->EZCAP 364 GameDock Extreme 2.1 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2024 }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Genki ShadowCast 1 & 2, the Pro version | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->HAUPPAUGE HD PVR Pro 60 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2021 4K in/Out 1080P 60fps Capture and Streaming PC Connected and Stand Alone }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->INOGENI 4K2USB3 2830 3826 HDMI 4K to USB 3.0 UHD 1080p Video Capture Card | <!--Vendor ID-->0x2997 | <!--Product ID-->0x0004 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2019 uvc compliant made in Canada - usb3-b socket and 1 hdmi 1080p from 23.98 up to 60p, 4K@30 fps maybe - }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Kondor Blue | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Nanjing Magewell Electronics Co ltd USB 3.0 XI100DUSB-HDMI Pro Capture | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2013 }} |- | <!--Description-->Magewell USB3.0 Silver HDMI Full HD Video Capture Device 1080p 32011 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2013 usb audio extract HDMI embedded audio output via headphones}} |- | <!--Description-->Magewell USB capture HDMI PLUS 2K 32040 320400000 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2014 captures video up to 1920×1200, 1920×1080 or 2048×1080 at 60 fps over an HDMI capture from devices such as game consoles in up to DCI 4Kp60 4:2:0 input resolution, and it automatically upscales/downscales the signal to 2K for recording or streaming}} |- | <!--Description-->Magewell USB capture HDMI Gen2 32060 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2015 1080p gets hot, 165M HDMI receiver, max input 2048x1080 60fps 4:4:4, RGB/YUV 4:4:4 8/10/12-bit, YUY 4:2:2 12-bit, up to 8-channel 24-bit HDMI-embedded audio at 192kHz, HDMI 1.4a, output from 480p to 1080p, YUY2/UYVY/RGB24/RGB32 support video cropping, up/down scaling, de-interlacing, aspect ratio conversion, color format conversion, frame rate conversion, flip and mirror, up to 2-channel IEC60958 audio streams, 5V 0.5A 2.5W, }} |- | <!--Description-->Magewell USB Capture 4K Plus 32090 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2022 limited by the bandwidth of USB 3.0, the maximum frame rate can only reach 30 fps when capturing}} |- | <!--Description-->Magewell USB Capture 4K PRO | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2024 }} |- | <!--Description-->Magewell Pro Convert IP to USB | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|Captures one network eth NDI® High Bandwidth, NDI® HX2, NDI® HX3 sources or H.264/H.265 video source into software at resolutions up to 1080p60}} |- | <!--Description-->Magewell USB Fusion | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|versatile USB video capture device that allows users to switch between two HDMI inputs and one USB webcam input for live presentations}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->ROLAND UVC-01 USB Video Capture | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2020 }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Sunplus Innovation Technology Inc. MiraBox HSV321 ARX321 Video Capture device | <!--Vendor ID-->ox1bcf | <!--Product ID-->0x2c99 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2022 uvc uac }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->UGREEN CM716 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| uvc uac but disable HDCP on your source device (PS4/PS5, Xbox) }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->VisionTek UVC HD60 Capture Card | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- |} {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | <!--Description-->Acer Aspire Crystal Eye AOA110 AOA150 0.3M | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|2008 webcam }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|}} |- | <!--Description-->AVerMedia Live Streamer CAM 313 (PW313) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|2019 uvc 1080p/30 webcam}} |- | <!--Description-->AVerMedia Live Streamer DUO | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|2021 uvc 1080p/60 webcam}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|}} |- | <!--Description-->[http://reviews.cnet.co.uk/webcams/creative-live-cam-optia-af-review-49294183/ Creative Live Cam Optia AF] 2.0M | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | {{no|2008 }} |- | <!--Description-->DSLR macro extensions + a cheap 50mm E-Series lens + some PVC tubing and a negative holder | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{yes| if uvc camera chosen}} |- | <!--Description-->DSLR scanning using a macro lens, for the adapter, for a 3d printed negative holder) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{yes| if uvc camera used }} |- | <!--Description-->Logitech C270 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x046d | <!--Product ID-->0x0825 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|720p }} |- | <!--Description-->Logitech C910 C920 HD Pro 5Megapixels 720p | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|Output mjpg 1080p}} |- | <!--Description-->Logitech C920s c922 HD Pro 5Megapixels 1080p | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|Output mjpg 1080p}} |- | <!--Description-->Logitech | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|}} |- | <!--Description-->Logitech Brio 100 300 500 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|}} 1080p |- | <!--Description-->Logitech MX Brio 4k | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|4k}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|}} |- | <!--Description-->Microsoft's LifeCam HD-3000 HD-5000 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x045e | <!--Product ID--> 0x0779 | <!--Revision-->1.06 | <!--Opinion-->{{no|}} |- | <!--Description-->Microsoft LifeCam Cinema | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|}} |- | <!--Description-->Microsoft LifeCam Studio | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|}} sony imx179 1080p |- | <!--Description-->Pi | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|}} 1/2.8” Sony IMX291 image sensor, it's a 2MP, UVC-compliant, ultra-wide-angle, low light, high-speed USB 2.0 |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|}} OV5648 |- | <!--Description-->razer kiyo | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|}} 4 megapixel sensor 1080p 30fps 720p 60fps - 12 led ring light adjustable |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|}} |- | <!--Description-->TeckNet C068 1.3mpixel HTD USB2.0 Camera Vimicro Z-Star Corp | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0AC8 | <!--Product ID--> 0x3420 | <!--Revision-->0x01FA | <!--Opinion-->{{no|}} |- | <!--Description-->[https://github.com/wltechblog/thingino-installers/tree/main/wyze-cam-4 Wyze Cam V4] [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H0QLiC9QoQU firmware] | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no| verified with os04d10 sensor (i2c 0x3c) but not GC4653 (i2c 0x29)}} |- | <!--Description-->YEALINK(XIAMEN) NETWORK UVC50 is compatible with the UVC 1.1 protocol CP960-UVC50 and CP960-UVC80 kits PTZ, CP960-UVC30 Kit is UVC 1.5 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|}} |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Opinion |- | <!--Description-->Amcrest ProHD 1080P WiFi Wireless IP Security Camera - 1080P (1920TVL), [https://www.ispyconnect.com/man.aspx%3Fn%3DAmcrest IP2M-841] nvr | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|}} h264/rtsp, motion detection, features Sony image sensor and Ambarella processor - rtsp://[username]:[password]@[IPaddress]:[port]/cam/realmonitor?channel=[channel]&subtype=[stream] - [username] - username to login to the DVR or NVR, [password] - password, [IPaddress] - IP address of the device. If you are not on the same local network, this should be the external IP address of the device's network, [port] - port number, [channel] - channel number of the stream, [stream] - view the Main or Sub stream. (main stream is 0, sub stream is 1) , eg. rtsp://admin:admin@192.108.1.108:80/cam/realmonitor?channel=1&subtype=1 - utilizing RTSP ( rtsp://user:pass@ipcam1 ) |- | <!--Description-->Axis all modern ones | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|}} RTSP/RTP + H264/mjpeg or MJPEG over HTTP |- | <!--Description-->PTZ | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|}} |- | <!--Description-->DLink DCS-5222 5222L network camera | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|}} camera streams H.264 over RTP controlled by RTSP |- | <!--Description-->Dlink DCS900 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|}} |- | <!--Description-->Sony | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|}} |- | <!--Description-->Wansview 1080p [http://marc.merlins.org/perso/linuxha/post_2013-11-10_Reviewing-IP-Webcams-for-Linux-and-Zoneminder_Dlink-DCS900_-Ubnt-Aircam_-Foscam-FI8904W-FI8910W_-FFI9820W_-FI9821W_-Wansview-NCB541W_-and-Zavio-F3210.html#NCM625GA NCM625GA] IP Camera WiFi Wireless IP Security Camera , Full HD Plug n Play Home Surveillance / Baby Monitor | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|}} RTSP/RTP + H264/mjpeg - play its HD stream without problem with vlc rtsp://ip/live/ch0 and getting jpegs http://ipaddr/mjpeg/snap.cgi?chn=0 - methods involve transcoding h.264 video from the camera into jpeg's, which is cpu intensive - able to pull images manually, using http://username:password@ip/mjpeg/snap.cgi - |- | <!--Description-->Wansview NCB541W | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|}} |- |} {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No| not uvc}} |- | <!--Description-->Avermedia Game Capture HD C281 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|2011 standalone h.264 recording of up to component cable not hdmi but not uvc}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Avermedia GL310 Live Gamer Portable (LGP Lite) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|2014 not working usb2 and USB Lite no uvc}} |- | <!--Description-->Avermedia AVerMedia Live Gamer Portable ([https://github.com/Trouffman/octv_gears_lgp Model C875]) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|2014 usb2 no uvc}} |- | <!--Description-->AVerMedia LGX Live Gamer extreme GC550 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|2015 but [https://github.com/ChrisAJS/lgx2userspace driver]}} |- | <!--Description-->AVerMedia LGX2 Live Gamer extreme2 gc550 plus gc551 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|2017 but [https://github.com/ChrisAJS/lgx2userspace driver]}} |- | <!--Description-->Avermedia ExtremeCap UVC - BU110 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x07ca | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|2017 maybe not uvc and uac}} |- | <!--Description-->AVerMedia Live Gamer Portable 2 Plus GC513 Micro-USB Capture Box LGP2 Plus | <!--Vendor ID-->0x07ca | <!--Product ID-->0x1513 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|2017 powered by a standard Micro-USB cable, video capture output up to 1080p60 capture to hdmi in, standalone sd card recording on exFAT or FAT32 of .MOV, 2160p pass-through hdmi out to tv - no vrr - [https://www.avermedia.com/uk/support/download#ans_part firmware latest 2.1.7.13, 2.1.7.14], SN74AVC8T245 8bit, DRV604 stereo, iTE IT6663FN hdmi 2.0 splitter, TLV320DAC3101 DAC, CS42L73 audio codec, CDCE913 PLL clock, W29N01HVSINA nand bios, I-Catch V35MA SOC CPU 32bit MIPS24K, ADV7480 hdmi mhl, }} |- | <!--Description-->AVerMedia Live Gamer 4K LG4K GC573 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|2018 not uvc but [https://github.com/derrod/lg4k-linux drivers here], }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No| not uvc }} |- | <!--Description-->Blackmagic intensity Extreme Capture Card | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|2011 not uvc }} |- | <!--Description-->BlackMagic Intensity Pro 4k | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|2015 }} |- | <!--Description-->Elgato Video Capture (1VC108601000) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No| not uvc }} |- | <!--Description-->Elgato Game Capture | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No| not uvc, mini usb}} |- | <!--Description-->Elgato Game Capture HD60 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No| not uvc, }} |- | <!--Description-->Elgato Game Capture HD GCHD 2GC309901000 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No| not uvc https://github.com/tolga9009/elgato-gchd needs firmware mb86h57_h58_idle.bin and mb86h57_h58_enc_h.bin - mini usb}} |- | <!--Description-->Elgato HD60S Elgato Game Capture 4K60 S+ Video Capture | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|non uvc, }} |- | <!--Description-->August EZCap.tv model 116 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No| }} poor audio recording |- | <!--Description-->E-SDS Diamond Maplin | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No| not uvc }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No| not uvc }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No| not uvc }} |- | <!--Description-->Hauppauge 1212 HD PVR | <!--Vendor ID-->0x2040 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No| }} analog and component only - PlayStation (.m2ts), AVCHD (ts), or XBox(.mp4) recording formats - switched the component output from the default YPbPr to RGB. |- | <!--Description-->Hauppauge 1431 1445 HD PVR Gaming Edition HDMI Capture | <!--Vendor ID-->0x2040 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|2014 not working, can get warm}} |- | <!--Description-->Hauppauge HD Rocket | <!--Vendor ID-->0x2040 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No| not uvc}} |- | <!--Description-->Hauppauge HD-PVR2 (model 145210 Rev E4) | <!--Vendor ID-->0x2040 | <!--Product ID-->0xE502 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No| not uvc }} |- | <!--Description-->Hauppauge 1480 1482 HD PVR 2 GE Gaming Edition HDMI Capture green LED - 1498 1503 1504 Plus version with Mac support | <!--Vendor ID-->0x2040 | <!--Product ID-->0xe514 0xe524 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No| can get warm - [https://ez.analog.com/video/w/documents/581/adv7482-design-support-files ADV7482] [https://patchwork.kernel.org/patch/9201075/ video chip] with Magnum DXT H.264 encoder blob, IDR keyframe generation poor - best for model 157210 and not 157221 and Game Edition Plus (model 157320) 2040:E505 E505-00-00AF1234 [http://www.hauppauge.com/site/support/linux.html#tabs-3 ]}} * HDMI: 1920x1080p50/60, 1920x1080i50/60, 1280x720p50/60, 720x480i, 720x576i, 640x480p60. * Component: 1920x1080p50/60, 1920x1080i50/60*, 1280x720p50/60, 720x480p60, 720x480i, 720x576i. * Composite: 720x480i and 720x576i * Audio Inputs : HDMI PCM and RCA support with Adjustable Bitrate Quality 2 Channel AAC/AC3 audio codec |- | <!--Description-->Hauppauge 1512 HD PVR 2 PC blue LED with optical in input on the back | <!--Vendor ID-->0x2040 | <!--Product ID-->0xe525 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No| }} can get quite warm - IR Blaster added - |- | <!--Description-->Hauppauge Colossus2 E585-00-00AF4321 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x2040 | <!--Product ID-->0xe585 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No| not uvc}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No| not uvc }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No| not uvc }} |- | <!--Description-->Ion SLIDES2PC 35mm Portable Slide & Film Scanner | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No| not uvc }} |- | <!--Description-->Ion Pics 2 PC | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No| not uvc }} |- | <!--Description-->ION PowerScan USB film and slide scanner | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|2011 not uvc }} |- | <!--Description-->Koolertron Sunny | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No| not uvc }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No| not uvc }} |- | <!--Description-->FilmScan35 35mm Film Negative Scanner 1304 marks spencer | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No| not uvc }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No| not uvc }} |- | <!--Description-->U3 HD Capture | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No| not uvc }} |- | <!--Description-->[https://github.com/openrazer/openrazer Razer Ripsaw HD] Game Capture (RZ20-01780100) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|2017 not uvc put in usb2 slot and use video BGR3 (Emulated) and OpenRazer drivers }} |- | <!--Description-->Razer Ripsaw HD USB HDMI Capture Card | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1532 | <!--Product ID-->0x0d01 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|2018 not uvc compliant}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No| not uvc }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No| not uvc }} |- | <!--Description-->Silvercrest 35mm Photo Slide Scanner | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No| not uvc but not great quality}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No| not uvc }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No| not uvc }} |- | <!--Description-->Z-Star Microelectronics Corp. Traveler TV 6500 SF Dia-scanner | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0ac8 | <!--Product ID-->0x3370 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|2010 not uvc and poor scans}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No| not uvc }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No| not uvc }} |- |} === WebAR + WebVR = WebXR Headset === AROS needs an usb based uvc.class to vhi like type driver for virtual display The primary engineering challenge of VR is motion sickness caused by a mismatch of visual and inner ear information, which is extremely well established as causing people to throw up in a wide range of contexts outside of VR. The experiences that make some people sick are low framerate. Foveated rendering doesn't solve vergence accommodation. Your eye will still be focused at infinity regardless of where you are looking, you'll just have the illusion that the foreground or background are out of focus. Eye tracking plus dynamic lenses (perhaps liquid lenses) or real light fields are necessary. First start with apps that have simple static features at first, then advance to dioramasa and teleportation options for 10, 20 minutes and then gradually upgrade over a timespan of four weeks to train your brain. Avoid smooth motion stuff like rollercoaster or mountain heights until much later. Even with this preparation, VR makes 40% of people seasick nausea. If so, you may be able to use VR glasses just to watch videos and some slow moving apps [https://www.emuvr.net/ emuVR] instead. *2014-2019 1st Gen, low resolution, *2020-2025 2nd Gen, higher resolution, *2026- Most hardware typically has a 1-3 year retail lifespan with 1-3 years of updates after. Really need "right" tethered PCVR rather than wireless. The advantage to being tethered to a PC is processing power. Any standalone headset is going to be running purely off of batteries. VR and AR are known as XR Technology will get immersed enough so not making people sick. Higher resolution, faster frame rates, and [https://github.com/opentrack/opentrack better tracking]. Eventually, hyper reality brings VR, AR and MR digital layers together as a less chaotic, optic tracking with no delay, agents understanding, experiences with objects 3Dgs 4Dgs gassian splats bullet time slice photo snaps .ply for WebXR [https://lvra.gitlab.io/docs/hardware/ ], {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Big Screen Beyond 1 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2023 pcvr 2560 x 2560, fixed IPD, }} |- | <!--Description-->bigscreen Beyond 2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 pcvr oled 5120 x 2560 @75Hz 2688x2688 @90Hz over pancake lenses, 116 FOV, virtual screens, custom facial plate from iphone app, streamvr 2.0 basestations and controllers not included, no passthrough, 107g-196g, }} |- | <!--Description-->bigscreen Beyond 2e | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2026 pcvr oled 5120 x 2560 total up to 90Hz pancake lens 116 FOV adjustable IPD app needed for adjustment, eye tracking, custom face mask cushion, streamvr 2.0 basestations and controllers not included, seperate head strap and speaker modules extra costs, 110g-300g }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Dpvr P1 Pro 4k Ultra Vr Headset | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2024 wireless snapdragon, }} |- | <!--Description-->DPVR P2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Play for Dream MR | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 android modular 3840x3552 uoled per eye 90Hz or qled mura issues, Arm snapdragon XR2+ Gen 2, eye tracking and 11 cameras 7 sensors 22 ir leds 14ms latency and foveated rendering, 1.5hrs battery, }} |- | <!--Description-->Play for Dream GravityXR | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2026 ultralight head gear gx100 3w }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->[https://lvra.gitlab.io/docs/community/ Valve Index HMD] | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2019 tethered PC VR headset 1440 x 1600 120Hz, 108° and 104° FOV, fresnel lenses, SteamVR2 compatible tracking ir basestations, controllers aka Knuckles, dp 1.2 and usb3 cable proprietary cable end, no battery, }} |- | <!--Description-->Valve Steam Frame (Valve Deckard / Valve’s Index 2) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2026 - 2160 x 2160 up to 144Hz pancake lens, 108° and 96° FOV, wifi 6 fovelated streaming, Qualcomm Snapdragon 8 Gen 3 with [https://github.com/FEX-Emu/FEX fex] arm-to-x86 x64 translation layer, }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Sony PSVR2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2023 PCVR with adapter, two, one for each eye, 2000 x 2040 resolution OLED panels from 90Hz 120Hz refresh rates, fresnel lenses, 116° and 102° FOV, sony proprietary headset cable end, needs additional comfort options, }} |- | <!--Description-->VisionPro | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Opinion |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Goertek glasses | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->HTC Vive ? | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No| 2016 2x 1080x1200 needs external power supply, }} |- | <!--Description-->HTC Vive Original | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2016 108° and 96° FOV}} |- | <!--Description-->HTC Vive Pro | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2016 , uvc, at least 2 powered steamvr basestations so 3 to 5 wall warts in total, proprietary cable end, }} |- | <!--Description-->HTC Vive Pro 2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2017 dual 1440x1600 oled displays, 116° and 100° FOV - steamvr 2.0 basestation 2 for 5m2 area 4 for 10m2 - steamvr 2.0 joypads - low latency wireless later - type USB-c headphone adapter required, [https://github.com/CertainLach/VivePro2-Linux-Driver Rust on Linux] with [https://github.com/santeri3700/vive-pro-2-on-linux Shell], proprietary cable end, }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Lynx R1 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2023 android Qualcomm Snapdragon XR2 Gen 1, }} |- | <!--Description-->Lynx R2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|2026 company liquidated, 2 x 2312x2160 110 FOV pancake lenses, LynxOS android Qualcomm Snapdragon XR2 Gen, openxr 1.1, }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Oculus Rift prototype development kit [https://www.virtual-boy.com/forums/t/the-oculus-rift-dk1-thread/ DK1] with [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X_T4DJyy2Bo wired razer hydra controllers] | <!--Vendor ID-->0x2833 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|2013 pcvr LCD 1280 × 800 resolution 640 × 800 per eye up to 110° FOV, and 3DoF rotational tracking via a 1000Hz 9-axis IMU (Accelerometer, gyroscope, and magnetometer), no positional optical tracking either inside-out or outside-in, 380g, nausea issues, , }} |- | <!--Description-->Oculus Rift prototype development kit [https://github.com/facebookarchive/RiftDK2/tree/master DK2], [https://www.ifixit.com/Teardown/Oculus+Rift+Development+Kit+2+Teardown/27613 ifixit teardown] | <!--Vendor ID-->0x2833 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|2014 pcvr, 5.7" Super AMOLED display with a resolution of 960 x 1080 per eye 100° field of view, 1 usb Positional Tracker DK2 camera, lots of wires}} |- | <!--Description-->Facebook [https://github.com/thaytan/OpenHMD/tree/rift-kalman-filter Oculus Rift CV1] [https://noraisin.net/diary/?m=202201 some Linux support] [] [https://github.com/OpenHMD/OpenHMD/issues/330 AMD usb issues] [https://github.com/OpenHMD/OpenHMD/wiki/Xorg ] [https://github.com/Doc-Ok/OculusRiftCV1Camera Live Video] [https://www.youtube.com/@thaytan Youtube] [https://github.com/Fredrum/riftOnLinux Pi] [https://github.com/OhioIon/riftDriverPi ], but not quite there with the [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DSsCN6HFkWc consumer CV1], [https://forum.dcs.world/topic/142259-cv1-not-working-in-dcs/#comment-2878168 orange led could be HDMI Signal is not within HDMI Spec and might be Overclocked or usb3 not getting enough power frustrating], | <!--Vendor ID-->0x2833 | <!--Product ID-->0x3031, 0x2031, 0x0031 and 0x0211 for 3p-a basestations lighthouses, 0x045e 0x02e6 for xbox wireless adapter | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|2016 powered run from your PC maybe uvc via wired dual PenTile OLED 2160x1200 (1080x1200 per eye) @ exactly 90Hz but screen door effect (space between pixels), 87 FOV, IPD from 58mm to 72mm, good 3D audio and okay mic, constellation headset 6DOF (3-axis rotational tracking + 3-axis positional tracking) with up to 3 usb infrared basestation (1 in front and 2 behind pointing upwards) on usb3 and usb2 to your PC but the tracking can be fragile so set it up on a weekly basis, wired only HDMI 1.3, USB 3.0 bus powered with proprietary plug in headset, 470g 1lb front heavy, 2 robust 1st Gen touch controllers with external sensors i.e. outside-in - 1 aa alkaline over rechargable battery each , press occulus and B buttons for 2 secs to connect, headset traps air so gets very warm inside and random disconnects due to twisting action on the top of the headset and/or cables, t4 torx screws }} |- | <!--Description-->Facebook Occulus Go 32Gb | <!--Vendor ID-->0x2833 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|2018 discontinued 2020 android based, 1280x1440 per eye 60Hz LCD, not gaming, no inside-out and limited self tracking, }} |- | <!--Description-->Facebook Oculus Rift S [https://noraisin.net/diary/?m=202201 some Linux support] | <!--Vendor ID-->0x2833 | <!--Product ID-->0x0051 headset (cdc, audio, tracking data), 0x2052 usb hub, | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|2019 PCVR wired dual LCD 1080 by 1200, 88 horizontal FOV, display port (fibre optic strands) and annoying USB3 copper cables (power, audio and other data) but proprietary port in the headset, cameras on the headset ("inside-out") tracking so no base stations, non removeable head band and cushions and ipd hard to set, requires specific fragile Rift S/Quest1 2nd Gen Touch controllers which has a ring of translucent plastic with leds inside - t5 torx to disassemble for sticks drifting}} |- | <!--Description-->Facebook Occulus Quest 1 *032Gb *064Gb | <!--Vendor ID-->0x2833 | <!--Product ID-->0x0183 (single adb boot), 0x0 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|2019 android standalone wireless, 1440 x 1600 72Hz oled, front heavy though, play area 2m x 2m or bigger, low clocked Qualcomm Snapdragon 835 (MSM8998) (4x Kryo 280 Gold cores ARM Cortex-A73) + (4x Kryo 280 Silver A53), 2 to 3 hrs play time, 575g, 2nd Gen touch controllers, }} |- | <!--Description-->Meta Oculus Quest 2 KW49CM aka Codename Del Mar [https://www.meta.com/en-gb/help/quest/967070027432609/ fragile 3rd Gen Touch controllers] [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Cgejky8ZeoM internal battery] and selling over 20 million, more than all other quest headsets combined *064Gb *128Gb (110Gb free) *256Gb Setup continuous wifi, create Meta Oculus account, [https://developers.meta.com/horizon/ verify dev account, click on My apps], [ create Organization -> My Organization Groupings], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QPInS5xxF-0 finally, meta quest mobile app to switch on adb], | <!--Vendor ID-->0x2833 | <!--Product ID-->0x5010 (), 0x0083 (massstorage), 0x0086 (), 0x0186 (adb and xrsp [https://github.com/shinyquagsire23/xrsp_tests tests]), 0x0090 (composite adb), 0x0081 (), | <!--Revision-->0419 | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2021 android stand alone, lcd 1832x1920 per-eye 90Hz refresh rate, 97 FOV, fresnel lenses, 6DOF (degrees of freedom), 58-63-68 IPD settings, low clocked Arm snapdragon xr2 gen 1 apps with Meta Link cable USB-C usb3.2 pcvr maybe, b/w but no color passthrough, 6 t2 torx and 5 ph00 screws in headset (long bit), discontinued December 31, 2024, feature updates until December 2026, critical bug fixes and security updates until December 2027, 470g, Oculus + B button on right controller (move) and Menu + Y button on left controller (click) for about 3 seconds, 10W 5v 2a, RTL8153 chipset usb support, *V60 unable to *V77 pcvr issues *V79 unable to }} |- | <!--Description-->Facebook Occulus Quest Pro aka Codename Seacliffe | <!--Vendor ID-->0x2833 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|2022 android standalone wireless 1440 x 1600 72Hz oled, 106° and 96° FOV mini lcd local dimming, pancake lenses, limited eye tracking, play area 2m x 2m or bigger, higher clocked snapdragon xr2 gen 1 arm cpu Arm apps, 1 to 2 hrs play time, new pro controllers with 3 cameras each, battery at rear, wireless charging, color passthrough, 9V 3A or 5V 3A, *v77 capped wifi }} |- | <!--Description-->Meta Oculus Quest 3 aka Codename Eureka [ Air Light ALVR] or [ WiVRn] with fragile touch plus q3 controllers *128Gb *512Gb streaming from PC with [https://github.com/alvr-org/Monado-ALVR ALVR], runtime of [https://monado.freedesktop.org/ Monado steamvr alternative openxr openVR], with Envision GUI, | <!--Vendor ID-->0x2833 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2023 standalone, pancake lenses on lcd 2064 x 2208 res panel per eye 1200ppi - 104° and 96° FOV - up to 120Hz, Arm snapdragon xr2 gen 2 apps, foveated rendering, Meta Link cable USB-C 3.2, headstrap clamshell or halo style, speaker arms fragile, color passthrough, 510g, 18W 9v 2A or 15W 5V 3A, *v74 ok }} *v76 pcvr issues }} |- | <!--Description-->Meta Quest 3S aka Codename Ventura Panther *128Gb *256Gb | <!--Vendor ID-->0x2833 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2024 Arm snapdragon xr2 gen 2 cpu, lcd 1832 x 1920 fresnel lenses, 97 FOV, headphone arms fragile, better air flow, no promixity sensor inside, Meta Link cable USB-C 3.2, passthrough, }} |- | <!--Description-->Meta Boba 3 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x2833 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2027 ultra-wide 180° x 120° FOV, snapdragon XR2 G2, }} |- | <!--Description-->Meta Tiramisu | <!--Vendor ID-->0x2833 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2027 µOLED displays with 90 pixels per degree, }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Pimax 5K Super Plus | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2019 }} |- | <!--Description-->Pimax 8K | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2020 }} |- | <!--Description-->Pimax 8K-X 8KX | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2021 }} |- | <!--Description-->Pimax Crystal Light | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 tethered to PC with 2160 x 2160 4k 120Hz, 115° and 96° FOV, inside-out tracking, no battery, display port cable, variable qc and customer service, }} |- | <!--Description-->Pimax Crystal Super | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 tethered to PC with 3640 x 3640 4k 90hz, 116°+ and 100° FOV, eye tracking, inside-out tracking, no battery, display port cable, }} |- | <!--Description-->Pimax Dream Air with Lighthouse(s) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2026 tethered 3840 by 3552 @90Hz micro oled with pancake lens, 100 HFOV 96 VFOV but FOV IPD changes in app, link box for headset 2 split y cables, removable face gasket, 290g, steamVR2 bases and controllers, eye tracking, }} |- | <!--Description-->Pimax Dream Air SLAM | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2026 Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) tracking inside-out so no base stations, }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->[https://somniumspace.com/ Somnium VR One VR1] [https://portal.vrgineers.com/user-guide/software/ open source] VR headset | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 pcvr 2880 x 2880 per eye @90 @120Hz, 125° horizontal 100° vertical FOV, 2 x SteamVR 2.0 bases, passthrough, 900g }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Varjo Aero VR-1 Headset | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2022 psu needed, 2 x Mini LED binocular of 150 nits, 2880x2720 per, 90Hz, FOV 102° horizontal, 73° vertical, 720g with headstrap, 2 x SteamVR 2.0 basestations, no speakers/mic, hdmi and usb3.0}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Varjo Aero XR-3 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Varjo Aero XR-4 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Opinion |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Camelo La Melaza Music Shield | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|2026 no usb only bluetooth , }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->InAir 2 elite suite | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 ar nits 46FOV , , 4h battery life, 80g, }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Oakley Vanguard | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->RayNeo Air 3s | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 AR 100in 46FOV 650nits, usb-c 79g }} |- | <!--Description-->RayNeo Air 3S Pro | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 AR 135in virtual display 46FOV 1200nits, usb-c 80g }} |- | <!--Description-->RayNeo Air 4 Pro | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2026 AR oled vision 4000 processing, HDR10, 47 FOV }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Rokid Max 2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 ar 147in 50 FOV 650nits, usb-c back left, 76g, }} |- | <!--Description-->Rokid AI Spatial with Station 2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 AR 600nits 147in 50FOV 75g, }} |- | <!--Description-->Rokid | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| ar ai smart glass}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Viture Pro | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 135in 46 FOV 1000nits, magnetic connector, 77g, }} |- | <!--Description-->VITURE XR Luma | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 ar 147in 1200p 50 FOV, }} |- | <!--Description-->Viture Luma Pro | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 152in 52 FOV 1000nits 1200p, 3dof, , 79g, }} |- | <!--Description-->Viture Luma Ultra | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 in FOV, 2 cameras, 3dof 6dof, }} |- | <!--Description-->[https://github.com/wheaney/XRLinuxDriver Viture Luma Pro] | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Viture Beast | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 ar 1250nits 58FOV 174in, magnetic, 88g, }} |- | <!--Description-->VITURE Beast X Glasses models (Immersive 3D Moonlight) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2026 based 2D to 3D conversion with support DP Alt Mode (DisplayPort over USB-C), 1200p, 3df tracking, practic lenses 58deg POV, }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Xreal One | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 ar 600nits, 50FOV, 3dof, usb-c 84g, }} |- | <!--Description-->XReal One Pro | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 ar 700nits 57FOV 171in, usb-c, x1 3dof, }} |- | <!--Description-->Nreal now Xreal Air | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 , micro-oled 1080p, audio, virtual uvc ar displays, }} |- | <!--Description-->Nreal now Xreal Real3D 1S | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2026 AI based 2D to 3D conversion 57 FOV, , virtual uvc ar displays not vr, }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Xiami XR | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Xtal 8k | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Opinion |- | <!--Description-->Apple Vision Pro | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|2022 tethered AR mixed reality glasses, 3300ppi, 800g, }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Google XR | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->HTC Vive Focus | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2018 standalone }} |- | <!--Description-->HTC Vive Focus Plus | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2018 android with 2 1440 x 1600 75Hz amoled, inside-out, durable motion controllers, Vive port, }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->HTC Vive Pro EYE | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|2019 dual-OLED displays 2880 x 1600 combined resolution), SteamVR 2.0 tracking, foveated rendering, Tobii, it enables gaze-based menu navigation with avatar eye contact, proprietary cables, }} |- | <!--Description-->HTC Vibe Cosmos | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|2018 poor tracking and lifespan on controllers, }} |- | <!--Description-->HTC Vibe Cosmos Elite | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|2020 1440x1700 per eye resolution, 90 Hz refresh rate, 6 DoF tracking, 2880 x 1700 combined pixel resolution, 97° FoV, two controllers and two base stations. Lighthouse tracking, }} |- | <!--Description-->HTC Vive Focus Vision Wired | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No| }} |- | <!--Description-->HTC Vive Focus 3 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2021 per-eye resolution of 2448×2448 at 90 Hz, a 120-degree field of view, Qualcomm Snapdragon XR2 Gen 1, }} |- | <!--Description-->HTC Vive XR Elite VR Headset Deluxe Pack | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|2022 snapdragon xr2 gen 1, }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Pico Goblin | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2017 android based, 2.5K 1280x1440 per eye @70Hz, 92° FoV, and 3DoF (three degrees of freedom) tracking (Orientation tracking only—yaw, pitch, roll), single controller, snapdragon 820, ipd adjustment 54-71 mm, 600g, }} |- | <!--Description-->ByteDance Pico G2 4K | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2020 android standalone VR headset, 3840 x 2160 (4K) LCD screen, Snapdragon 835 processor, 3DoF so rotational movement (looking around, pointing) rather than positional movement (walking, leaning), does not support hand or eye tracking, 800g }} |- | <!--Description-->ByteDance Pico NEO 2 EYE | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2020 6DoF 360g snapdragon 845 display 4k 75Hz tracking inside-out - magnetic field for controllers - pico software on android 8 - eye tracking }} |- | <!--Description-->ByteDance Pico Neo 3 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2022 Snapdragon XR2 Gen, 4K 3664 x 1920 90Hz lcd, battery at rear, displayport, Pico apparently emulates Oculus controllers, }} |- | <!--Description-->ByteDance Pico Neo 3 Pro | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2022 }} |- | <!--Description-->ByteDance Pico Neo 3 Link | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2022 }} |- | <!--Description-->ByteDance Pico 4 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2023 2160x2160 panel per eye 75Hz 90Hz 105 FOV, Arm snapdragon xr gen 1, }} |- | <!--Description-->ByteDance Pico 4 ultra | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2023 2160 x 2160 @90 105 FOV, snapdragon XR2 G2, streaming from PC with alvr, wireless streaming from PC with WiVRn, Pico apparently emulates Oculus controllers, not plug and play, }} |- | <!--Description-->ByteDance Pico 5 aka Project Swan aka Vision Pro Competitor | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2026 micro-oled BOE 3840 x 3840 4000ppi per eye, MLA pancake lenses, custom pico arm cpu, pico os 6 android, eye and hand tracking, 300g, }} |- | <!--Description-->ByteDance Pico | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Samsung Galaxy XR VR | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 3552 x 3840 @60-90 109 FOV , Arm snapdragon XR2+ Gen 2, }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Shiftall MeganeX 8K | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2024 android }} |- | <!--Description-->[https://en.shiftall.net/products/meganex8k MeganeX Superlight 8K] | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 android (3552 x 3840 pixels) into pixel count yields 27.27MP 10-bit HDR-compatible 4K resolution micro OLED panels @90Hz, pancake lenses 94 FOV, SteamVR™ tracking, 180g, 5V 2A, }} |- | <!--Description-->[https://en.shiftall.net/products/meganex8kmk2 MeganeX 8K Mk2 MkII] [https://github.com/sboys3/CustomHeadsetOpenVR community] | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2026 pcvr linux, 4K per eye (1.35inch micro OLED 3552x3840 10 bit HDR) 27MP @90Hz 75Hz 72Hz pancake, upto 108 hor 100 vert FOV, usb-c and dp cables to breakout box, 5V 2.1A, 200g}} |- | <!--Description-->Shiftall | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2026 }} |- | <!--Description-->Shiftall | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Opinion |- | <!--Description-->Acer Windows(TM) MR AH101 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2018 Dual 2.89” LCD panels 2880 x 1440 combined (1440 x 1440 per eye) Up to 90Hz (HDMI 2.0), or 60Hz (HDMI 1.4), Field of View FOV 95, Tracking Inside-out, lots of light leak, }} |- | <!--Description-->Acer H7001 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2017 wmr 1440 x 1440 per-eye resolution @90Hz refresh rate, and 100-degree field of view FOV, inside-out tracking with front-mounted cameras so no external sensors, flip-up visor design but has a "screen door effect," subpar foam padding, win10 to win11 24H2, }} |- | <!--Description-->Dell Visor Mixed Reality VRP100 VR118 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2017 2x 1440x1440 a bit of nose light leak }} |- | <!--Description-->Fujitsu | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2017 cheap and lots of light leak }} |- | <!--Description-->[https://github.com/HadesVR HadesVR] with [https://github.com/ManoloMancelli/Persephone-Classic-Controller Persephone Controller] | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HFaVjB1uNOM Persephone 3 Pro DiY 6Dof SteamVR Headset], | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->HP Reverb G1 VR1000 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2019 WMR 2160 x 2160 @90Hz, 115 FOV, , hp proprietary headset cable end, 2 camera tracking but poor and controllers can be unresponsive, 500g front heavy, flight sims rather than gaming, }} |- | <!--Description-->HP 1440p Spatial Computing | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2019 dim display }} |- | <!--Description-->[https://forums.x-plane.org/forums/topic/294764-vr-in-linux-without-steam/ HP Reverb G2] WMR VR3000 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2020 2 2160 x 2160 90Hz, needs Windows10 or Win 11 24H2, 4 camera tracking, controllers can be unresponsive, hp proprietary headset cable end, , }} |- | <!--Description-->HP | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Mirage Solo is a Standalone VR headset | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2018 Qualcomm Snapdragon 835, 1280x1440 per eye resolution, 75 Hz refresh rate, }} |- | <!--Description-->Lenovo Explorer VR2511N (G0A2) VR windows mixed reality (WMR) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2018 LCD 2.89" 1440 x 1440 per eye @90Hz, 6 DOF position tracking, 400g, }} |- | <!--Description-->[https://github.com/relativty/relativty open source relativty] | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Samsung MHD Odyssey XE800ZAA WMR | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2018 9V 500mA oled screens 2x 1440x1600 with usb3 and hdmi cables but bluetooth dongle required }} |- | <!--Description-->Samsung MHD Odyssey+ Plus WMR | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2019 dual 3.5-inch AMOLED displays 2880 x 1600 total @90Hz, 6DOF inside-out tracking with usb3 and hdmi cables but bluetooth dongle required, use only win10 or win11 24H2, }} |- | <!--Description-->Sony PSVR | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|2016 2x 1080x960 up to 120Hz, lots of cables and computation brick, sony camera needed for tracking, ps4 or move controllers, }} |- | <!--Description-->Virtuality | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|1992 , , Amiga 3000 with TI chips, }} |- | <!--Description-->Virtuix Omni | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2013 VR treadmill changed course to commercial VR and pivotted back again 2020, }} |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Opinion |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- |} === HDMI CEC transmitter and receiver === {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- |} === TV Remote Control MCE IR transmitter and receiver === {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->Compro K100 K300 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|need extra software support}} |- | <!--Description-->Elitegroup Computer Systems | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1019 | <!--Product ID-->0x0f38 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->GMYLE MCE | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{Maybe|acts as usb-hid with limited keyboard like controls }} |- | <!--Description-->Hauppauge WinTV-PVR kit | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->Logitech Harmony 300 i300 600 650 800 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|need extra software support}} |- | <!--Description-->Microsoft MCE Commander | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|2005 need extra software support}} |- | <!--Description-->Microsoft 1039 rev 1 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|2005 home top of square shape direction keys}} |- | <!--Description-->Microsoft 1039 rev 2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|2006 home under circle spaced direction keys}} |- | <!--Description-->Microsoft 1069 SMK Manufacturing, Inc | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0609 | <!--Product ID-->0x0334 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|2007 untested}} |- | <!--Description-->Philips RC1974506/00 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0471 | <!--Product ID-->0x0815 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->Sony RM-MCE10E PC REMOTE CONTROL VGN-AR21M VGX-XL100 VGN-AR21B/AR21S | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->Sony RM-MCE20E PC REMOTE CONTROL | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->Sony RM-MCE30E PC REMOTE CONTROL VGN-AW21XY VGX-TP3E VGX-TP3G | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->Sony RM-MCE50E PC REMOTE CONTROL VGC-LA2R | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Opinion |- | <!--Description-->TSDX-IR14 USB MCE Media Center External Infrared IR Receiver | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->chipsets support CIR (consumer IR) Winbond W83977F/AF, SMC IrCC 2.0 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|technical reasons it's not possible to use USB IrDA dongles}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->Zotac RC2604323/01G Zbox Media Remote Control with IR USB Receiver OVU710 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- |} {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | <!--Description-->Anycubic Cobra 2 Max | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Bambu Labs A1 Mini 3D printer | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|2019 EMS proprietary slicer app and cloud use, eSUN}} |- | <!--Description-->Bambu Labs X1 Carbon | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2022 }} |- | <!--Description-->Bambu Labs X2D | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Creality K1 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Creality K2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Creality | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Elegoo | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Lulzbot | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Prusa | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Qidi | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Snapmaker U1 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 tool changer }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Sovol SV08 Max | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| open source voron model, }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Opinion |- | <!--Description-->desktop pick and place machines AFARCO PNP running OpenPnP for Desktop SMT | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |} ==ethwrap.class - Host Data Link "Cable Bridge" for data transfer== {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | Advance USBNET (eTEK design) | 0x0525 | 0x9901 | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | ALi Uli M5632 (chip) | | | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | Aten (Ali Corporation) UN201 | 0x0402 | 0x5632 | | {{maybe|force binding from rawwarp to ethwrap}} |- | Belkin (eTek design see below) | 0x050d | 0x0004 | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | Digitus DN-3004 - USB Host Link | | | | {{yes|works}} |- | EPSON USB client | 0x0525 | 0x2888 | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | eTEK | 0x056c | 0x8100 | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | KC-190 | 0x050f | 0x0190 | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | GeneSys GL620USB | | | | {{no|no driver the half-duplex GL620USB is NOT supported, products using it include the Inland Pro USB Quick Link}} |- | GeneSys GL620USB-A | | | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | Laplink Gold (uses NetChip 1080) | | | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | Prolific 2301/2302 (Jaton USB ConNET) (BAFO DirectLinq) | 0x067b | 0x0000 and 0x0001 | 0x0004 | {{maybe|detected but untested}} |- | Xircom PGUNET (uses AnchorChips 2720) | 0x0547 | 0x2727 | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- |} ==cdcacm.class - USB modem== The CDC ACM driver exposes the USB modem as a virtual serial modem or a virtual COM port to the operating system. The driver enables sending both data and AT commands, either through ACM (separating data and AT commands over different channels) or through Serial Emulation (passing the AT commands as is and as part of the data stream). {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | Alcatel OT-I650 | 0x1bbb | 0x0003 | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | Acatel Dymamode/Dynamite | 0x06b9 | 0xa5a5 | | {{N/A|untested Zyxel Prestige 630-13 - untested PROLiNK Hurricane 8000 external link }} |- | AnyData ADU-100A ADU-E100A ADU-E100D ADU-E100H D10 | 0x16d5 | 0x6501 | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | AnyData ADU-310 | 0x16d5 | 0x650 | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | AnyData ADU-500A ADU-510A ADU-510L ADU-520A | 0x16d5 | 0x6502 | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | AnyData ADU-610 ADU-620 | 0x16d5 | 0x650 | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | BT On-Air USB MODEM | 0x079b | 0x000f | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | Conexant USB MODEM CX93010 | 0x0572 | 0x1321 | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | Conexant USB MODEM RD02-D400 | 0x0572 | 0x1324 | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | Conexant Chipset | 0x06ea | 0x0002 | | {{N/A|untested AUS N367 Roadster II 56 USB (Model AM5050R3) - untested }} |- | [http://accessrunner.sourceforge.net/ Conexant AccessRunner] | 0x0586 | 0x330a | | {{N/A|untested }} |- | Creative Modem Blaster USB DE5670 | 0x1690 | 0x0101 | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | FIREFLY, MediaTek Inc | 0x0e8d | 0x0003 | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | Huawei E122 | 0x12d1 | 0x1446 | | {{yes|works}} [http://aros-exec.org/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?post_id=49126#forumpost49126] |- | Huawei E160, E160E, E160G | 0x12d1 | 0x1003 | |{{yes|works}} [http://aros-exec.org/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?post_id=51888#forumpost51888] (Chipset: Qualcomm MSM6246) |- | Huawei E169 also known as Vodafone K3715 and Huawei K3715 | 0x12d1 | 0x1001 | |{{yes|works}} [http://aros-exec.org/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?topic_id=4941&forum=4&post_id=44683#forumpost44683] (Chipset: Qualcomm MSM7200) |- | Huawei E220 "Vodafone EasyBox II" "T-Mobile wnw Box Micro" also known as Huawei K3565 | 0x12d1 | 0x1003 | | {{yes|works, see E169 above (Chipset: Qualcomm MSM6280)}} |- | Huawei E1750 | 0x12d1 | 0x1001 | | {{N/A|untested (Chipset: Qualcomm MSM6290)}} |- | Huawei E170, E172, E176 | 0x12d1 | 0x1003 | | {{N/A|untested (Chipset: Qualcomm MSM7200)}} |- | Huawei E180 | 0x12d1 | 0x1406 | | {{yes|Works (Chipset: Qualcomm MSM7200)}} |- | KYOCERA AH-K3001V | 0x0482 | 0x0203 | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | LG CU515 | | | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | MediaTek Inc GPS | 0x0e8d | 0x3329 | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | Metricom GS Modem | 0x0870 | 0x0001 | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | Motorola MOTOMAGX phones | 0x22b8 | 0x6425 | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | Motorola Q Phone | 0x22b8 | 0x7000 | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | Hummingbird huc56s (Conexant) | 0x0572 | 0x1329 | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | Netcomm Roadster II 128 ISDN | | | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | Nokia n70 N95 HSDPA | | | | {{yes|works - see [http://aros-exec.org/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?start=0&topic_id=4415&viewmode=flat&order=ASC here]}} |- | OGO | 0x045E | 0x0079 | 0090 | {{no|no driver}} |- | Olitec ADSL Modem V2 | 0x08e3 | 0x0100 / 0x0102 | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->Onda PT502HS | <!--Vendor ID-->0x19D2 | <!--Product ID-->0x0001 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | Radicom V92HU-E2 | | | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->Samsung i8510 Innov8 Symbian smartphone | 0x04e8 | 0x6651 | <!--Revision--> | {{yes|works}} [http://aros-exec.org/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?start=0&topic_id=5552&viewmode=flat&order=ASC&type=&mode=0] |- | Samsung Tocco Lite (aka GT-S5230) | 0x04e8 | 0x6795 | <!--Revision--> | {{yes|works}} [http://aros-exec.org/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?start=0&topic_id=5552&viewmode=flat&order=ASC&type=&mode=0] |- | Shiro / Aztech USB MODEM UM-3100 | 0x0572 | 0x1328 | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | ZyDAS 56K USB MODEM | 0x0ace | 0x1602 | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | ZyDAS 56K USB MODEM | 0x0ace | 0x1608 | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | ZyDAS 56K USB MODEM - new version | 0x0ace | 0x1611 | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | Zoom Telephonics Model 3095F USB MODEM | 0x0803 | 0x3095 | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | Ugobe Pleo | 0x6962 | 0x0100 | 0x0100 | {{Yes|Works}} |} ==Misc== palmpda.class - no [http://aminet.net/package/util/libs/PdaLinkPoseidon pdalink.library and tools] in AROS Palm PDA (discontinued) synchronisation requires a port of pdalink.library and its tools through virtual usbpalm.device. {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | Palm IIIx (OS3.1) serial rs-232 only | | | | {{no|no }} |- | Palm IIIc (OS3.5) | | | | {{no|no }} |- | Palm V | | | | {{no|no }} |- | Palm m100 | | | | {{no|no }} |- | Palm m125 first USB - last with aaa batteries | | | | {{no|no }} |- | Palm m500 (OS4) | | | | {{no|no }} |- | Tungsten T (OS5) first arm cpu | 0x | 0x | 0x | {{no|no }} |- | Zire 31 (OS 5.28) color arm-based | | | | {{no|no }} |- | [[:w:Handspring (company)|Handspring Visor]] – USB support out of box | | | | {{no|no }} |- | Handspring Treo 600 – last one for [[:w:Handspring (company)|Handspring]] | | | | {{no|no }} |- | Treo 700w | | | | {{no|no }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no driver}} |- |} bluetooth.class - needs Bluetooth (Viking King Harald "Bluetooth" Gormsson (Old Norse: Haraldr Blátǫnn Gormsson; Danish: Harald Blåtand Gormsen) stack to work (not written due to licensing fees to use the symbol merging the Younger Futhark runes for H (ᚼ) and B (ᛒ), representing Harald's initials) {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no driver}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no driver}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no driver}} |- |} ccid.class - Chip/Smart Card Interface Devices (not implemented) {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | <!--Description-->cyberJack RFID basis | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0C4B | <!--Product ID-->0x9102 | <!--Revision-->0001 | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no driver}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no driver}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- |} dfu.class - DFU firmware upgrade {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | <!--Description-->iPhone 3, 4, 5, 5c | <!--Vendor ID-->0x05ac | <!--Product ID-->0x1290 0x1292 0x1294 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| 32bit use with caution could cause damage}} |- | <!--Description-->iPhone 5s, 6, 7, 8, X | <!--Vendor ID-->0x05ac | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| 64bit use with caution could cause damage}} |- | <!--Description-->M-Audio/Midiman USB audio | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Opinion |- | <!--Description-->iPad 1, iPad 2 A1395 A1430, iPad 3, ipad mini A1432, iPad A1458 4th Gen (MD512LL/A), | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->2008-2013 32bit A4, A5 up to Apple A6X, iOS 1 to 10, |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->iPad Air (1st generation) A1474, A1475, A1476, | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->2014-2015 [https://github.com/AsahiLinux 64bit], A7, iOS 11 up to |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->2015 64bit A8, A8X, |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->2016 64bit A9, A9X, |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->2017 64bit A10, A10X, |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->2018 64bit A11 |- | <!--Description-->iPad Air 3rd Gen A2153, A2123, A2154, iPad Mini 5th Gen, | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->2019 64bit A12 |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- |} RocketTool (USB Rocket Launchers - Toy missile launchers) {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="3px" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | Original Launcher and StrikerII (includes laser) | 0x1130 | 0x0202 | | {{yes|works }} |- | Dream Cheeky USB Missile Launcher or USB Cirus Cannon | 0x1941 | 0x8021 | | {{no|no driver }} |- | Dream Cheeky USB Webcam Missile Launcher | 0x1941 | | | {{no|no driver }} |- | Rocket Baby | 0x0a81 | 0x0701 | | {{no|no driver }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> |} DRadioTool (FM Radios - USB radio devices D-Link/Gemtek) {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | D-Link DSB-R100 USB | 0x04b4 | 0x1002 | 0x0410 | {{yes|works }} |- | [http://www.neoseeker.com/forums/383/t257009-link-usb-dru-r100-radio/ GemTek USB FM Radio 21] | 0x04b4 | 0x1002 | | {{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> |} UproarTool (Valencia MPX mp3 player and others) {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="3px" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | Korean D Square Valencia MPX-Player | 0x04e8 | various | | {{N/A|untested }} |- |} {{BookCat}} 9qosm26qzi2u2l0sa5z19m25bxwc96r 4679282 4679281 2026-10-31T14:50:32Z Jeff1138 301139 4679282 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ArosNav}} ==Host Adapter Protocol USB1 OHCI UHCI USB2 EHCI USB3.0 USB3.1 xHCI == Please let us know any mistakes or any information to be added, use Prefs/Trident to confirm Vendor and Product IDs Please chat at [https://www.arosworld.org/index.php AROS World] *1996 USB1.0 *1998 USB1.1 *2000 USB2.0 *2008 USB3.0 *2013 USB3.1 *2017 USB3.2 AROS has these USB transfers *Control - *Bulk - Midi 1.0 ( 'send my data when you can' ) *Interrupt - Midi 2.0 *Isochronous - USBAudio, Webcams, etc Isochronous is the starting point of modern types of multimedia creativity. IsoChronous isoc code is already in place in poseidon.library and '''scheduled''' transfers are queued to be later rerouted in the host driver code (needs to be written for each host protocol e.g. OCHI, UCHI, EHCI and [https://cdrdv2-public.intel.com/625472/625472_xHCI_Rev1_2b.pdf#:~:text=Page%203.%20Document%20Number:%20625472%2C%20Revision:%201.2b.%203. XHCI rev1.2], [https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/content-details/868296/extensible-host-controller-interface-for-universal-serial-bus-xhci-requirements-specification-r2-0.html rev2], etc). There seems to be 2 types of isoc transfers, one is just the normal isoc transfer and the other is realtime implementation of isoc transfer. For isoc transfer there needs to be a scheduler that makes sure no isoc transfers are dropped (in or out) and that they happen at the right time. It all gets difficult as the device making use of the isoc transfer may be at any point on the device tree. One needs to calculate the USB bandwidth for the packet based periodic transfers that are initiated by the host which have fixed but guaranteed bandwidth. Host controllers guarantee this bandwidth by planning a schedule of transfers ahead of time to ensure there is enough time reserved on the bus. [https://www.intel.co.uk/content/www/uk/en/products/docs/io/universal-serial-bus/ehci-specification.html EHCI] [https://www.thegoodpenguin.co.uk/blog/understanding-why-usb-isochronous-bandwidth-errors-occur/ bus-bandwidth] vs payload-bandwidth and the algorithm of the EHCI scheduler. The bandwidth of the endpoint in terms of payload data (stuff we put in a packet) and the protocol overhead, signalling imposed bit stuffing, host delays etc. Poseidon controls the driver and device tree and it provides an API to communicate with the USB devices. Poseidon really doesn't care much about what sort of transfer pipe is opened or used, it only provides the means to do so and forwards the iorequests to the correct driver. Poseidon code is the higher level code for USB communication and drivers are of course the lower level one. [[File:Psd.svg|220px|right]] ; Best Hardware - NEC Chipset (OHCI + EHCI), Intel Chipset (UHCI + EHCI), XHCI USB3.0, USB3.1 & gen 2 Type-A Type-B Type-C ; Next Best Set - General OHCI, SIS (OHCI + EHCI), ; Buggy Chipset - [ Early AMD OHCI], ALi OHCI, VIA UHCI, Nvidia OHCI & EHCI, === USB1.1 === OHCI USB 1.1 - USB-IF sanctioned standard but hardware physical form removed with USB2.0 and replaced with virtual emulation of USB1 {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="5%" |Product ID ! width="5%" |Revision ! width="10%" |Boot from USB ! width="10%" |Detect USB device ! width="10%" |USB device works ! width="30%" |Opinion |- | ALi Agere M5273 A1 M5237 Lucent USS-312 | | | | <!--Boots-->{{Maybe}} | <!--Detects-->{{Yes}} | <!--Works-->{{Maybe|}} | StarTech PCI425USB, CompUSA Iogear GIC220U-b, Nvidia 220 mobo, USBA2041P, ALi SU2A-PS, |- | AMD 756 Chipset (onboard motherboard) | 0x1022 | 0x740c | 0x06 | <!--Boots-->{{No}} | <!--Detects-->{{No}} | <!--Works-->{{Maybe|}} | no [http://aros-exec.org/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?post_id=31308#forumpost31308 usb devices detected] Geode GX1, |- | CMD DU-A2 Silicon Image 0670 (pci AMD chipset) | 0x1095 | 0x0670 | 0x06 | <!--Boots-->{{No}} | <!--Detects-->{{No}} | <!--Works-->{{Maybe|}} | |- | Silicon Image 0673 (pci AMD chipset) | 0x1095 | 0x0673 | 0x06 | <!--Boots-->{{No}} | <!--Detects-->{{No}} | <!--Works-->{{Maybe|}} | |- | Nvidia Nforce2 USB | 0x10de | | | <!--Boots-->{{Maybe|Bios options vary but does with Plop Boot}} | <!--Detects-->{{Yes}} | <!--Works-->{{Maybe|}} | Tested with 20th Aug 2012 improvement |- | NEC µPD720100AGM | 0x1033 | 0x0035 | 0x | <!--Boots-->{{Unk}} | <!--Detects-->{{Unk}} | <!--Works-->{{Maybe|}} | untested - Amiga Spider card with possible bottleneck issues at higher speeds |- | NEC µPD720101AGM 720101GJ | 0x1033 | 0x0035 | 0x43 | <!--Boots-->{{Yes}} | <!--Detects-->{{Yes}} | <!--Works-->{{Maybe|}} | Mac mini, Belkin F5U219vea (2+1 ports), Belkin F5U220vea1 (4+1 ports), Adaptec 3100LP, BAFO BF-460, GWC UC-160, IOGear GIC250U, Keyspan U2PCI-5, O'toLink U2-C2B U2-C2A U2-P20N U2-P50, Ratoc PCIU5, USBWholesale UII-PCIP |- | NEC µPD720102 | 0x1033 | 0x00 | 0x | <!--Boots-->{{Unk|untested }} | <!--Detects-->{{Unk|untested }} | <!--Works-->{{Maybe|}} | |- | Opti 82C861 2-port | 0x1045 | 0xc861 | | <!--Boots-->{{No}} | <!--Detects-->{{No}} | <!--Works-->{{Maybe|}} | no USB devices detected - Belkin F5U005, |- | SIS 7001 OCHI | 0x1039 | 0x7001 | 0x0f | <!--Boots-->{{No}} | <!--Detects-->{{Yes}} | <!--Works-->{{Maybe|}} | 20th Aug 2012 - not booting stalls on GRUB word with Plop Boot |- |} UHCI USB 1.1 - Intel standard but since 2009 no hardware support as USB2 introduced virtual emulation of USB1 {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="5%" |Product ID ! width="5%" |Revision ! width="10%" |Boot from USB ! width="10%" |Detect USB device ! width="10%" |USB device works ! width="30%" |Opinion |- | Intel | 0x8086 | 0x | 0x01 | <!--Boots-->{{No|not in bios use AROS floppy disc boot}} | <!--Detects-->{{Maybe|}} | <!--Works-->{{Maybe|}} | |- | Intel 82371AB EB MB PIIX4 | 0x8086 | 0x7112 | 0x01 | <!--Boots-->{{No|none in bios use other booting options}} | <!--Detects-->{{Maybe|Detects most devices}} | <!--Works-->{{Maybe|most devices but not RTL8187b WG111v3 blue led not on and does not work}} | |- | Intel 82801DB/DBL/DBM (onboard i830 mbd) | 0x8086 | 0x24c4 | 0x01 | <!--Boots-->{{Yes|but not from bios but floppy options}} | <!--Detects-->{{Yes|}} | <!--Works-->{{Yes|}} | RTL8187b WG111v3 blue led on and although device has software failure and recoverable error IT STILL WORKS. Fresh start sometimes needs Network Prefs Saved to work. |- | VIA MVP4 (onboard mbd) | 0x1106 | 0x30 | 0x40 | <!--Boots-->{{No}} | <!--Detects-->{{Maybe|most devices}} | <!--Works-->{{Maybe|most devices but not wireless options}} | RTL8187b WG111v3 detected but blue led not on and does not work |- | VIA VT82xx (onboard mbd) | 0x1106 | 0x3038 | 0x40 | <!--Boots-->{{No}} | <!--Detects-->{{Maybe|most devices}} | <!--Works-->{{Maybe|most devices but not wireless usb}} | RTL8187b WG111v3 blue led on but does not work |- | VIA VT6202 (VIA VT83C572) | 0x1106 | 0x3038 | | <!--Boots-->{{No}} | <!--Detects-->{{Maybe|}} | <!--Works-->{{Maybe|}} | A-Best USB-200, Cables N Mor USBPCI, CompUSA, D-Link DSB500, Digital/Research DRUSBCARD, Kouwell IOFlex 580, StarMount USB VIA, |- | VIA VT6112 | | | | <!--Boots-->{{No}} | <!--Detects-->{{Maybe|}} | <!--Works-->{{Maybe|}} | |- | VIA VT6212 (pci card) | 0x1106 | 0x3038 | 0x61 | <!--Boots-->{{No}} | <!--Detects-->{{Maybe|}} | <!--Works-->{{Maybe|}} | 2011 seems to have issues with other identical via based USB controller(s) present |- | VIA VT6214L | | | | <!--Boots-->{{No}} | <!--Detects-->{{Maybe|}} | <!--Works-->{{Maybe|}} | |- |} === USB 2.0 EHCI === The USB-IF insisted on only one implementation of EHCI but it creates 4 virtual hcd to cover USB1.1 support. The virtual HCD on Intel and VIA EHCI controllers are UHCI. All other vendors use virtual OHCI controllers. Hardware EHCI USB2.0 ended in most chipsets in 2014/5 and is now virtual through most newer USB3.0 chipsets {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="5%" |Product ID ! width="5%" |Revision ! width="10%" |Boot from USB ! width="10%" |Detect USB device ! width="10%" |USB device works ! width="30%" |Opinion |- | ALi Agere M5273 A1 Lucent USS-344 | | | | <!--Boots--> | <!--Detects--> | <!--Works-->{{Maybe|}} | {{N/A|untested}} belkin F5U006, |- | Nvidia Nforce2 USB | | | | <!--Boots-->{{No}} | <!--Detects-->{{Yes}} | <!--Works-->{{Maybe|}} | |- | Intel 82801DB/DBM (onboard mbd) | 0x8086 | 0x24cd | 0x01 | <!--Boots-->{{Yes}} | <!--Detects-->{{Yes}} | <!--Works-->{{Maybe|}} | |- | NEC µPD720100AGM | 0x1033 | 0x00E0 | 0x | <!--Boots--> | <!--Detects--> | <!--Works-->{{Maybe|}} | {{N/A|untested - Amiga Spider card}} |- | NEC 72101 GJ | 0x1033 | 0x00e0 | 0x04 | <!--Boots-->{{Yes}} | <!--Detects-->{{Yes}} | <!--Works-->{{Maybe|}} | Belkin F5U219 VEA1 (pci), |- | SIS ECHI | 0x1039 | 0x7002 | 0x00 | <!--Boots-->{{No}} | <!--Detects-->{{Maybe|issues about which port is used if it works at all}} | <!--Works-->{{Maybe|}} | |- | VIA VT6202 | 0x1106 | 0x3104 | | <!--Boots-->{{No}} | <!--Detects-->{{Yes}} | <!--Works-->{{Maybe|}} | |- | VIA VT6212 (pci card) | 0x1106 | 0x3104 | 0x62 | <!--Boots-->{{No}} | <!--Detects-->{{Yes|detects}} | <!--Works-->{{Maybe|}} | |- |} === USB 3.x SuperSpeed SS (Speed 5Gbit/s 3.1 gen 1) aka xHCI eXtensible === USB Attached SCSI (UAS or UASP) is a protocol used for high-speed data transfer between computers and external storage devices like SSDs, HDDs, and some flash drives. It provides up to 70% faster read/write speeds than traditional Bulk-Only Transport (BOT) by allowing multiple commands to run in parallel, rather than waiting in a queue {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="5%" |Product ID ! width="5%" |Revision ! width="10%" |Boot from USB ! width="10%" |Detect USB device ! width="10%" |USB device works ! width="30%" |Opinion |- | <!--Description-->AMD | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Boots-->{{unk| }} | <!--Detects-->{{unk|}} | <!--Works-->{{unk|}} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->AMD | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Boots-->{{unk| }} | <!--Detects-->{{unk|}} | <!--Works-->{{unk|}} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->AMD | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Boots-->{{unk| }} | <!--Detects-->{{unk|}} | <!--Works-->{{unk|}} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Fresco Logic FL1000 FL 1000 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1B73 | <!--Product ID-->0x1000 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Boots-->{{unk| }} | <!--Detects-->{{unk|}} | <!--Works-->{{unk|}} | <!--Opinion-->link power management (LPM, USB 3.0 power saving) cannot be disabled so random connection issues |- | <!--Description-->Fresco Logic FL1009-200 FL 1009 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID-->0x1009 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Boots-->{{unk| }} | <!--Detects-->{{unk|}} | <!--Works-->{{unk|}} | <!--Opinion-->Orico PFU3-2P |- | <!--Description-->Fresco Logic FL1100-100 FL 1100SX | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID-->0x1100 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Boots-->{{unk| }} | <!--Detects-->{{unk|}} | <!--Works-->{{unk|}} | <!--Opinion-->LPM cannot be disabled so issues with disconnecting WD drives etc - CalDigit, ORICO PFU3-2P, FASTA-6GU3 Pro, inatech KTU3FR-2P 2 port USB 3.0, and Inateck KT4004 (KTU3FR-4PA rev B2) for storage and hubs, etc |- | <!--Description-->Fresco Logic FL1400 FL 1400 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID-->0x1400 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Boots-->{{unk| }} | <!--Detects-->{{unk|}} | <!--Works-->{{unk|}} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Fresco Logic | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID-->0x | <!--Revision--> | <!--Boots-->{{unk| }} | <!--Detects-->{{unk|}} | <!--Works-->{{unk|}} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->NEC Renesas xHCI µPD720200 uPD720200a chip | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1d6b | <!--Product ID-->0x0194 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Boots-->{{unk| }} | <!--Detects-->{{unk|}} | <!--Works-->{{Maybe|no USB3 but seems to works like USB2}} | <!--Opinion-->recognized but not supported for USB3 but works like USB2 - ORICO PRU3-4P 4 Port USB, early Dell Wyse zx0 thin client, |- | <!--Description-->NEC Renesas xHCI µPD720201 uPD720201 chip | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID-->0x114 0x0115 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Boots-->{{unk| }} | <!--Detects-->{{unk|}} | <!--Works-->{{unk|}} | <!--Opinion-->recognized but not supported |- | <!--Description-->NEC Renesas xHCI µPD720202 uPD720202 chip | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1912 | <!--Product ID-->0x0015 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Boots-->{{unk| }} | <!--Detects-->{{unk|}} | <!--Works-->{{unk|}} | <!--Opinion-->recognized but not supported |- | <!--Description-->[http://www.ti.com/product/tusb7340 TI] tusb7340 TUSB732 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID-->0x8241 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Boots-->{{unk| }} | <!--Detects-->{{unk|}} | <!--Works-->{{unk|}} | <!--Opinion-->recognized but not supported Koutech IO-PEU436 but only one with open docs |- | <!--Description-->Intel xHCI | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Boots-->{{unk| }} | <!--Detects-->{{unk|}} | <!--Works-->{{unk|}} | <!--Opinion-->recognized but not supported - integrated since Ivybridge |- | <!--Description-->Intel xHCI | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Boots-->{{unk| }} | <!--Detects-->{{unk|}} | <!--Works-->{{unk|}} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Marvell | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Boots-->{{unk| }} | <!--Detects-->{{unk|}} | <!--Works-->{{unk|}} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Via Labs VL800 xHCI 0.96 support in VL800, VIA VL811 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID-->0x3432 0x3438 0x3515 and 0x9201 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Boots-->{{unk| }} | <!--Detects-->{{unk|}} | <!--Works-->{{Maybe|}} 2.0 backwards support | <!--Opinion-->Anker 68UPPCIE-2S20PU 2 port, Plugable 4-Port, GA-z77x-ud5h rev. 1.1 mobo, |- | <!--Description-->Via Labs VL811+ | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Boots-->{{unk| }} | <!--Detects-->{{unk|}} | <!--Works-->{{unk|}} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Via Labs VL812 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Boots-->{{unk| }} | <!--Detects-->{{unk|}} | <!--Works-->{{unk|}} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->xHCI 1.0 support in VL805 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Boots-->{{unk| }} | <!--Detects-->{{unk|}} | <!--Works-->{{unk|}} | <!--Opinion--> |- |} USB 3.1 (power up to 100W and data 10Gbit/s USB 3.2 gen 2 - USB-A Full size plug - USB-B micro USB size - USB-C reversible) {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="5%" |Product ID ! width="5%" |Revision ! width="10%" |Boot from USB ! width="10%" |Detect USB device ! width="10%" |USB device works ! width="30%" |Opinion |- | <!--Description-->Asmedia ASM1142 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1B21 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Boots-->{{N/A}} | <!--Detects-->{{N/A|}} | <!--Works-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->Connector: USB Type C and USB Type A x 1 - Ugreen USB C PCI Card 2 Port USB 3.1 Type C |- | <!--Description-->Marvell | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Boots-->{{N/A}} | <!--Detects-->{{N/A|}} | <!--Works-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->AMD | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Boots-->{{N/A}} | <!--Detects-->{{N/A|}} | <!--Works-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Intel | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Boots-->{{N/A}} | <!--Detects-->{{N/A|}} | <!--Works-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Intel xHCI | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Boots-->{{unk| }} | <!--Detects-->{{unk|}} | <!--Works-->{{unk|}} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->[ Intel] Revision 1.8 1.9 Updated | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Boots-->{{unk| }} | <!--Detects-->{{unk|}} | <!--Works-->{{unk|}} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->VLI | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Boots-->{{N/A}} | <!--Detects-->{{N/A|}} | <!--Works-->{{N/A|}} | <!--Opinion-->AUKEY 4 Ports USB C , |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Boots-->{{N/A}} | <!--Detects-->{{N/A|}} | <!--Works-->{{N/A|}} | <!--Opinion-->Startech - PEXUSB312C - 2-port Usb 3.1 10Gbit/s |- |} USB 3.2 (power up to 100W and data 20Gbit/s gen 2x2 - USB-A Full size plug - USB-B micro USB size - USB-C reversible) {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="5%" |Product ID ! width="5%" |Revision ! width="10%" |Boot from USB ! width="10%" |Detect USB device ! width="10%" |USB device works ! width="30%" |Opinion |- | <!--Description-->Marvell | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Boots-->{{N/A}} | <!--Detects-->{{N/A|}} | <!--Works-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->AMD | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Boots-->{{N/A}} | <!--Detects-->{{N/A|}} | <!--Works-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Intel | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Boots-->{{N/A}} | <!--Detects-->{{N/A|}} | <!--Works-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Intel xHCI | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Boots-->{{unk| }} | <!--Detects-->{{unk|}} | <!--Works-->{{unk|}} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->[ Intel] Revision 2.6 Update | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Boots-->{{unk| }} | <!--Detects-->{{unk|}} | <!--Works-->{{unk|}} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->VLI | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Boots-->{{N/A}} | <!--Detects-->{{N/A|}} | <!--Works-->{{N/A|}} | <!--Opinion--> |- |} === USB 4 (40Gbps thunderbolt, pcie 3.0 tunnelling, ) === {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="5%" |Product ID ! width="5%" |Revision ! width="10%" |Boot from USB ! width="10%" |Detect USB device ! width="10%" |USB device works ! width="30%" |Opinion |- | <!--Description-->Marvell | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Boots-->{{N/A}} | <!--Detects-->{{N/A|}} | <!--Works-->{{No| }} | |- | <!--Description-->AMD Ryzen7 6800U | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Boots-->{{N/A}} | <!--Detects-->{{N/A|}} | <!--Works-->{{No| }} | |- | <!--Description-->Intel Goshen Ridge JHL8440 Controller | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Boots-->{{N/A}} | <!--Detects-->{{N/A|}} | <!--Works-->{{No| }} | |- | <!--Description-->VLI | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Boots-->{{N/A}} | <!--Detects-->{{N/A|}} | <!--Works-->{{N/A|}} | |- |} == hid.class (Human Interface Device) == === Keyboard === Some multi-finger touchpad support works but not on all touchpads {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->8BitDo Retro N C64 edition Keyboard, the super button accessory and optional N30 mouse | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 87 keys Kailh white}} |- | <!--Description-->8bitdo 108 Retro Mechanical Keyboard (white kailh) and two superbuttons (green) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | Apple Pro Keyboard | 0x05ac | 0x0205 | 0x0122 | {{yes|works (its two hub ports) but mouse scroll wheel issues}} |- | Apple Pro Keyboard | 0x05AC | 0x020B | | {{yes|works (two onboard ports also)}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Aigo K68 60% red switches, A68 A87 wireless 2G | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->[http://amigakit.leamancomputing.com/catalog/product_info.php?cPath=49&products_id=973 AmigaOne Keyboard] | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{yes|works}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Akko TAC87 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| 80% TKL }} |- | <!--Description-->Akko MonsGeek FUN60 PRO&MAX HE | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| 60% hall effect }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Akko | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2025 hall effect, good but expensive and software poor}} |- | <!--Description-->Akko | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2026 magnetic hall effect software should be better and surpasses mechanical}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Arteck HW197 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2026 keyboard and touchpad combo, aluminum frame, aa battery }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Azio Cascade | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2022 }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Chilkey ND75 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2024 good 75% expensive}} |- | <!--Description-->Chilkey ND104 (Wuque Studios) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 premium clicky (WS Blue) or silent (WS White) key options with Ansi and ISO formats also numpad and calculator, aluminum machined, tri mode, }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2026 untested magnetic hall effect software should be better and surpasses mechanical}} |- | <!--Description-->Corsair K65 Mech MX no numeric keypad | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Corsair CH-9000045 K70 Blue MX | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Corsair K90 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Corsair K95 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Corsair K | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Cherry G80 G80-3000L[x]C[yy]-[z] | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Cooler Master CM Storm Quickfire Rapid | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Corsair K100 Air | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->2025 okay low profile but expensive |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2027 magnetic hall effect software should be better and surpasses mechanical}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Opinion |- | <!--Description-->Dell SK-8135 Dell USB Keyboard for Internet and Multimedia rev H for Dimension 4500, Dimension 8250, OptiPlex GX260n, OptiPlex GX60n, Precision 350 (R42232) | <!--Vendor ID-->0x413C | <!--Product ID-->0x2010 | <!--Revision-->0200 | <!--Opinion-->{{Yes| usb1.1 keyboard hub 0x413C 0x1003 works as well - multimedia keys not mapped }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Deepcool KG722 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 65% }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Ducky Channel Zero DK2108 Mech Mechanical Cherry MX Red | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Ducky Shine 3 Brown or Blue (DK9087) MX keys | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Das Keyboard Model S Ultimate | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Epomaker Cidoo V75 Pro | <!--Vendor ID-->0x3151 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2023 untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->epomaker rt100 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2024 plastic build and no screws, numpad with small 0, mostly quiet seasalt switches, gimmick usb-c 1in screen}} |- | <!--Description-->EPOMAKER TH99 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} USB-C full numpad keyboard |- | <!--Description-->eopmaker P75 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| expensive but good}} |- | <!--Description-->eopmaker p87 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| expensive but good}} |- | <!--Description-->epomaker x Leobog Hi75 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2024 }} |- | <!--Description-->epomaker x Feker Galaxy80 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2024 }} |- | <!--Description-->epomaker x Galaxy100 gmk/via | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2024 good 96% }} |- | <!--Description-->epomaker Aula F75 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2024 budget version good 75% choice of 4 leobog switches}} |- | <!--Description-->eopmaker Tide75 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2024 good 75% and not too expensive}} |- | <!--Description-->Epomaker Ajazz AK992 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2023 109 key }} |- | <!--Description-->Epomaker Ajazz AK820 Pro | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2024 }} |- | <!--Description-->Epomaker Ajazz AK35I V3 MAX | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 104 keys - two models: wired and tri-mode connection - }} |- | <!--Description-->epomaker Aula F108 PRO | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 pricy but okay 100% but only leobog graywood switches but hotswap available afterwards}} |- | <!--Description-->eopmaker Ajazz AK980 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 97 keys }} |- | <!--Description-->Epomaker G87 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 }} |- | <!--Description-->Epomaker RT82 RT85 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 }} |- | <!--Description-->Epomaker RT100 Pro | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 96% }} |- | <!--Description-->epomaker x Galaxy100 lite | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 good 96% }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->ATTACK SHARK X98 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 98% maybe silent linear feel with Two-color PBT keycap}} |- | <!--Description-->Epomaker ATTACK SHARK X68HE and X65HE 65% Wired Gaming Keyboard | <!--Vendor ID-->0x3151 | <!--Product ID-->0x502D | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{yes|2025 tested on Aros running on Raspberry Pi wired usb-c with magnetic hall effect keys}} |- | <!--Description-->Epomaker | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2027 magnetic hall effect software should be better and surpasses mechanical}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Filco Ninja Majestouch-2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Focus FK-760 Wireless Keyboard & Trackball | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | {{yes|works}} but quality build issues raised |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2027 magnetic hall effect software should be better and surpasses mechanical}} |- | <!--Description-->GMMK Tenkeyless | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested default Gateron Brown switches for Kailh Box Jades default Gateron Brown switches for Kailh Box Jades}} |- | <!--Description-->GK61 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2023 untested }} |- | <!--Description-->GMK67 GMK87 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested budget good option}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2027 magnetic hall effect software should be better and surpasses mechanical}} |- | <!--Description-->Hengchangtong HCT Limeme gk103s Entry Keyboard | <!--Vendor ID-->0xC0F4 | <!--Product ID-->0x0009 | <!--Revision-->0100 | <!--Opinion-->{{yes|half Keyboard left side only}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2027 magnetic hall effect software should be better and surpasses mechanical}} |- | <!--Description-->Hexgears M2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2024 untested hotswap kaihl green switches}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Hexgears | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Iqunix mq80 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->2025 good 75% low profile keys |- | <!--Description-->Iqunix Magi65 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested good 65% low profile keys }} |- | <!--Description-->iqunix ez60 ez80 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2025 untested specific hall effect switches - actuation point, rapid trigger, etc }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2027 magnetic hall effect software should be better and surpasses mechanical}} |- | <!--Description-->Jomaa YiChip Wireless 50% key with touchpad | <!--Vendor ID-->0x3151 | <!--Product ID-->0x3000 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|dongle detected, keys and pad not working - 2 AAA NM}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2027 magnetic hall effect software should be better and surpasses mechanical}} |- | <!--Description-->Keychron q0 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2022 untested numpad only}} |- | <!--Description-->Keychron q1 v1 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2022 untested okay}} |- | <!--Description-->Keychron Q6 Max | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2023 untested 75% with numeric numpad, barebones so choose switches and keycaps to suit }} |- | <!--Description-->Keychron q1 MAX V1 MAX | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2023 untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Keychron Lemokey P1 QMK | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested best option to customise switches and keycaps}} |- | <!--Description-->Keychron LemoKey X1 X3 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2024 untested keycap swap only not switches}} |- | <!--Description-->Keychron K2HE | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested okay}} wireless hall effect analogue on all keys |- | <!--Description-->Keychron K4HE | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2025 untested hall effect but software }} |- | <!--Description-->Keychron K5 K17 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 untested okay low profile but }} |- | <!--Description-->Keychron Q5 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 }} |- | <!--Description-->Keychron K10 HE | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2027 magnetic hall effect software should be better and surpasses mechanical}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2024 }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2024 }} |- | <!--Description-->Kiiboom Breeze 75 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2025 good 75% }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2025 }} |- | <!--Description-->Meletrix Boog 75 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2024 magnetic hall effect, good but expensive and software poor}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2025 }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2025 }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2027 magnetic hall effect software should be better and surpasses mechanical}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2025 }} |- | <!--Description-->Melgeek O2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2025 low profile 75% but not repairable}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2027 magnetic hall effect software should be better and surpasses mechanical}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2025 }} |- | <!--Description-->MOSART 2.4G Wireless 60% Keyboard Trackball | <!--Vendor ID-->0x062a | <!--Product ID-->0x4105 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{Yes|dongle recognised HID, keys worked, roller worked, scroll wheel works and shoulders works but buttons around left, top and right hand side (RHS) do not work and plastic and 2 AA MN1500}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Mucai SiGma Micro MKA610 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1c4f | <!--Product ID-->0x0084 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No| unknown red keys - rgb backlighting - }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Opinion |- | <!--Description-->[http://hjldemo.clsc.cn/ Guangzhou Zhentian Electronics Ltd] Perixx Periboard 505 Plus with Trackball | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{Yes|okay dome keyboard - poor trackball}} |- | <!--Description-->Guangzhou Zhentian Electronics Co., Ltd Perixx Periboard 706 Plus with Trackball Wireless | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{Yes|generally okay dome with good sized keys but piano black surround fingerprint magnet, occasional brief trackball freezes after no use, takes some time to get used to the trackball size}} |- | <!--Description-->Perixx Periboard-716 Wireless (Chicony) | <!--Vendor ID-->04f2:1013 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{Yes|okay dome keyboard and trackpad}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> {{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->Perixx Periboard- | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{Unk|okay keyboard}} |- | <!--Description-->Perixx Periboard- | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{Unk|okay keyboard}} |- | <!--Description-->Lenovo SK-8825 41A5327 SIL12-W07 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->works manufactured for |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Lite-On USB NetVista Full Width Keyboard | <!--Vendor ID-->0x04b3 | <!--Product ID-->0x3025 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->works |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Logitech K320 Wireless Keyboard | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|The Logitech USB Unifying, Bolt, Lightspeed, or Nano receiver pairing}} |- | <!--Description-->Logitech K340 Wireless Keyboard | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|The Logitech Unifying Receiver pairing}} |- | <!--Description-->Logitech K400 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{Unk|okay keyboard}} |- | <!--Description-->[http://www.logitech.com/en-us/product/wireless-touch-keyboard-k400r Logitech Wireless Touch Keyboard k400] | <!--Vendor ID--> 0x046D | <!--Product ID--> 0xC52B | <!--Revision--> 1201 | <!--Opinion--> {{yes|All (including multimedia) keys work. Some keys requires remapping with Trident. Touchpad works and acts as normal mouse. Presents itself in Trident as USB Receiver from Logitech with 3 HID bindings}} |- | <!--Description-->Logitech K400 Plus K400+ | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{Unk|okay keyboard}} |- | <!--Description-->Logitech K600 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{Unk|okay keyboard}} |- | <!--Description-->Logitech TK820 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{Unk|okay keyboard}} |- | <!--Description-->Logitech TK830 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{Unk|okay keyboard}} |- | <!--Description-->Logitech G915 TKL | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{Unk|okay keyboard TKL means no number pad}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2027 magnetic hall effect software should be better and surpasses mechanical}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Lofree Lite84 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 }} |- | <!--Description-->Lofree Flow Lite100 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 silent switches and low profile keys}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Opinion |- | <!--Description-->MACHENIKE K500 Wired | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2024 94 keys untested Hot Swappable 94 Keys 90% Layout }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->MechLands Vibe99 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2024 100 keys untested Gasket-mounted Wired/Bluetooth/2.4GHz Wireless Mechanical Keyboard}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Microsoft Comfortable Curve 2000 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no| recognized but not supported}} |- | <!--Description-->Microsoft Natural Ergonomic Keyboard 4000 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|recognized but not supported}} |- | <!--Description-->Microsoft Wireless Media Desktop 1000 (1356) | <!--Vendor ID-->0x045e | <!--Product ID-->0x00f9 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{maybe|working but not mouse part}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2027 magnetic hall effect software should be better and surpasses mechanical}} |- | <!--Description-->Niz Micro84 Duo82 X87 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2022 electro capacitive }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2027 magnetic hall effect software should be better and surpasses mechanical}} |- | <!--Description-->nuphy gem80 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| expensive but good}} |- | <!--Description-->nuphy kick 75 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 low profile 75% }} |- | <!--Description-->nuphy Air75 V3 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 75% }} |- | <!--Description-->nuphy node 100 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| 96% layout, }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2027 magnetic hall effect software should be better and surpasses mechanical}} |- | <!--Description-->Qpad MK-50 MK-80 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Qpad MK-90 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2027 magnetic hall effect software should be better and surpasses mechanical}} |- | <!--Description-->Razer Chroma | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1532 | <!--Product ID-->0203 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->[https://openrazer.github.io/ Razer] Lycosa | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Razer Blackwidow 2013 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| Cherry MX Blue }} |- | <!--Description-->Razr Blackwidow Ultimate | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| Cherry MX Blue }} |- | <!--Description-->Razer Blackwidow V4 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| Razer Orange keys }} |- | <!--Description-->Razer Blackwidow V4 Low Profile | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| Razer keys }} |- | <!--Description-->Razer Blackwidow V4 Pro 75% | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| Razer keys }} |- | <!--Description-->Razer Cynosa Lite V2 | <!--Vendor ID-->1532 | <!--Product ID-->0x023f | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Razer DeathStalker | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Razer HuntsMan | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Razer Ornata | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Razer Orbweaver Chroma Keypad | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1532 | <!--Product ID-->0207 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Razer Tartarus Keypad | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| not hall effect and very expensive}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2027 magnetic hall effect software should be better and surpasses mechanical}} |- | <!--Description-->Redragon K668 RGB Gaming Keyboard Wired | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2023 untested 108 Keys Mechanical Keyboard w/Extra 4 Hotkeys Upgraded Hot-swappable Socket,Red Switch}} |- | <!--Description-->Redragon K689 PRO Wireless | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2024 untested Gasket RGB Gaming Keyboard, 108 Keys Mechanical Keyboard w/Extra 4 Hotkeys, Upgraded Hot-swappable}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Rii K22 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 keyboard trackpad combo, non replaceable lithium battery, very compact}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2027 magnetic hall effect software should be better and surpasses mechanical}} |- | <!--Description-->Risophy 60 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2024 75% mechanical, hotswap so okay for price untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Risophy | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2028 magnetic hall effect software should be better and surpasses mechanical}} |- | <!--Description-->Royal Kludge RK65 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested cream switches }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2028 magnetic hall effect software should be better and surpasses mechanical}} |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Opinion |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->SINO WEALTH Gaming KB SkyLion K68 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x258a | <!--Product ID-->0x003a | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No| blue stalks with rgb lighting}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->SKYLOONG GK104 Pro | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested gateron }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2028 magnetic hall effect software should be better and surpasses mechanical}} |- | <!--Description-->SteelSeries | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->TeckNet x300 2.4G Keyboard Mouse MosART | <!--Vendor ID-->0x062A | <!--Product ID-->0x4101 | <!--Revision-->0312 | <!--Opinion-->{{Yes|1 AAA for each and works well - mouse slightly better built than keyboard rubberised membrane}} |- | <!--Description-->TeckNet X331 HDE 2.4G Keyboard wireless RCMCU | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0C45 | <!--Product ID-->0x7000 | <!--Revision-->0001 | <!--Opinion-->{{Yes|wireless can be glitchy but few extra keys are mapped }} |- | <!--Description-->TeckNet X500 2.4G Keyboard Mouse MOSArt | <!--Vendor ID-->0x062A | <!--Product ID-->0x2901 | <!--Revision-->0112 | <!--Opinion-->{{Yes|works well especially large touchpad - usual rubber domed membraned keyboard mechanism }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Tecware Specter | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested good 75%}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2028 magnetic hall effect software should be better and surpasses mechanical}} |- | <!--Description-->Unicomp Model M USB 104 key | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} IBM's and later Lexmark buckling spring switches |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Varmilo Minilo Bluebell (prestige silent) and Eculapytus (violet tactile) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2023 75% plastic build no screws not great to mod}} |- | <!--Description-->Varmilo Sword 68 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| expensive but good}} |- | <!--Description-->Varmilo 98 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2024 expensive but good and Kailh silent}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2028 magnetic hall effect software should be better and surpasses mechanical}} |- | <!--Description-->Weikav Velocifire Choice65 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Weikav Velocifire Lucky65 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2024 }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2028 magnetic hall effect software should be better and surpasses mechanical}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Wobkey Rainy 75 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x320F | <!--Product ID-->0x5055 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2024 good 75% but not as expensive CNC Aluminum HMX/JWK/Cocoa Switches}} |- | <!--Description-->Wobkey Crush 80 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x320F | <!--Product ID-->0x5588 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Wobkey Crush80 Reboot Pro | <!--Vendor ID-->0x320F | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2024 very good but expensive Aluminum Hotswap Wireless RGB}} |- | <!--Description-->Wobkey Rainy 75 Pro | <!--Vendor ID-->0x320F | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2026 magnetic hall effect software should be better and surpasses mechanical}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Wooting HE60 HE80 HE90 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2024 hall effect but expensive with good software}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2028 magnetic hall effect software should be better and surpasses mechanical}} |- | <!--Description-->Womier WK61 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2021 untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Womier Sk71 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2024 }} |- | <!--Description-->Womier Sk75 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2024 }} |- | <!--Description-->Womier Sk75 TMR | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 hall effect }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2028 magnetic hall effect software should be better and surpasses mechanical}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Xenta White Wireless HK6718B+HM3302--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{Maybe|works with Raspberry Pi untested on AROS native}} |- | <!--Description-->Xinmeng X87 MAGIC_REFINER | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2024 untested keycap swap but not hotswapable switches}} |- | <!--Description-->Yunzii AL66 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| milk switches, cherry PBT, }} |- | <!--Description-->Yunzi B75 Pro | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2024 budget good with cocoa cream switches }} |- | <!--Description-->Yunzii AL75 Pro | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|good budget option with swappable switches, }} |- | <!--Description-->Yunzii AL80 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 switches }} |- | <!--Description-->Yunzi C75 Pro | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 budget good with switches }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2028 magnetic hall effect software should be better and surpasses mechanical}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- |} <pre> linear - creamy tactile - thocky clicky - clacky </pre> <pre > Cherry MX Black are linear switches (no feedback); good for gaming. Cherry MX Red are linear (less noise no click) but more squishy; Cherry MX Brown are in between Blue and Red in style and tactile; Cherry MX Clear switches have soft tactile feedback (with no click). Cherry MX Blue have tactile feedback with a click (noisy); good for typing. Gateron Yellows KS-3, KS-3x47 or better Pros have a milky top and black bottom and linear TTC Silent Frozen v2. Linear and dead silent Mouse the huano brown with yellow dot for silent mouse clicks Kailh red dust proof encoder for smooth and close to silent scrolling Boba U4 Silent Tactile switches Husky linears HMX </pre > === Mouse === if the USB mouse is non-functional put a USB pendrive in before or add the following to user-startup in '''s''' drawer/folder/directory sys:prefs/trident NOGUI > NIL: {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="10%" | Brand ! width="20%" | Description ! width="10%" | Model ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | 3Dconnexion | 3D Mouse | <!--Model-->[http://www.3dconnexion.com/products/spacenavigator.html SpaceNavigator] | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | {{N/A|untested}} |- | 3Dconnexion | 3D Mouse | <!--Model-->SpacePilot Pro | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | {{N/A|untested}} |- | 3Dconnexion | Mouse | <!--Model-->SpaceExplorer | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | {{N/A|untested}} |- | 3Dconnexion | Wireless Mouse | <!--Model-->SpaceMouse | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | {{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Brand-->3D Optical | <!--Description-->Wired | <!--Model--> | <!--Vendor ID-->0000:3825 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> {{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Brand--> | <!--Description--> | <!--Model--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> {{N/A|untested}} |- | Belkin | Combo mouse | | 0x05FE | 0x0011 | Low 0100 | {{yes|works}} |- | <!--Brand--> | <!--Description--> | <!--Model--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> {{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Brand-->Cytec | <!--Description-->Wired Mouse Gaming | <!--Model-->R.A.T 5 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> {{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Brand--> | <!--Description--> | <!--Model--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> {{N/A|untested}} |- | Dell | Mouse | MO56UC | 0x413C | 0x3200 | | {{yes|works}} |- | <!--Brand--> | <!--Description--> | <!--Model--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> {{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Brand--> | <!--Description--> | <!--Model--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> {{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Brand-->equatech / clone logitech | <!--Description-->wireless mouse | <!--Model-->49779 / M185 | <!--Vendor ID--> 3151:2020 later 3151:3020 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> {{Yes|detected and works}} |- | <!--Brand--> | <!--Description--> | <!--Model--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> {{N/A|untested}} |- | Hama | RF Optical Mouse | AM-6000 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | {{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Brand-->Keychron | <!--Description-->Optical | <!--Model-->M3 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> {{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Brand-->Keychron | <!--Description-->Optical | <!--Model-->M5 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> {{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Brand-->Keycron | <!--Description-->Optical Wireless | <!--Model-->M6 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> {{N/A|untested 1k polling and 16k dpi }} |- | <!--Brand-->Keychron | <!--Description-->Optical Wireless | <!--Model-->M7 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> {{N/A|untested barebones 1k polling and 16k dpi, great for small hands, loud clicks}} |- | <!--Brand--> | <!--Description--> | <!--Model--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> {{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Brand-->LogiCAD 3D | <!--Description-->3D Mouse | <!--Model-->Magellan | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | {{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Brand--> | <!--Description--> | <!--Model--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> {{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Brand-->Logitech | Cordless Desktop Navigator | <!--Model--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | {{No|The Logitech Unifying Receiver pairing}} |- | <!--Brand-->Logitech Inc. | First/Pilot Wheel Mouse | N48/M-BB48 M-BE58 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | {{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Brand-->Logitech | Wireless mouse | [http://www.logitech.com/en-roeu/mice_pointers/mice/devices/5484 M305] | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | {{yes|works}} |- | <!--Brand-->Logitech | Wireless RF Mouse | MK710 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | {{No|The Logitech Unifying Receiver pairing}} |- | <!--Brand-->Logitach | <!--Description-->Optical | <!--Model-->G304 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x | <!--Product ID-->0x | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2021 very clicky}} |- | <!--Brand-->Logitech | <!--Description-->Wireless Mouse | <!--Model-->MX Master Anywhere 2S | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> {{No|untested}} micro USB charge port on front |- | <!--Brand-->Logitech | <!--Description-->Wireless | <!--Model-->M220 silent touch MR0085 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x | <!--Product ID-->0x | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2018 needs usb dongle - quiet clicking }} |- | <!--Brand-->Logitech Logi | <!--Description-->Optical | <!--Model-->MX Master 3S | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> {{No|2021 untested usb-c bluetooth, inbuilt battery but muted clicks}} |- | <!--Brand-->Logitach | <!--Description-->Optical | <!--Model-->G502 X Plus | <!--Vendor ID-->0x | <!--Product ID-->0x | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2022 very clicky}} |- | <!--Brand-->Logitech | <!--Description-->Wireless | <!--Model-->M240 silent touch MR0105 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x | <!--Product ID-->0x | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{maybe|2022 no dongle as bluetooth enabled but could work with Logi Bolt USB Receiver - 1 aa battery - quiet clicking}} |- | <!--Brand-->Logitech | <!--Description-->Optical | <!--Model-->MX Master 4 MXM | <!--Vendor ID-->0x | <!--Product ID-->0x | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|Bluetooth usb-c dongle, inbuilt lithium battery}} |- | <!--Brand--> | <!--Description--> | <!--Model--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> {{N/A|untested}} |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Brand | Description | Model | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Opinion--> |- | <!--Brand-->Maxxter | <!--Description-->Wireless | <!--Model--> | <!--Vendor ID-->248a:8566 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> {{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Brand-->Maxxter | <!--Description-->Wireless | <!--Model--> | <!--Vendor ID-->248a:8518 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> {{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Brand-->OrzerHome Maxxter | <!--Description-->Wireless | <!--Model--> | <!--Vendor ID-->248a:8514 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> {{N/A|untested 1 aa with no on/off switch }} |- | <!--Brand--> | <!--Description--> | <!--Model--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> {{N/A|untested}} |- | Microsoft | Wheel Mouse optical | <!--Model--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | {{N/A|untested}} |- | Microsoft | Sidewinder Mouse | <!--Model--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | {{N/A|untested}} |- | Microsoft | IntelliMouse Explorer USB optical | <!--Model--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | {{N/A|untested}} |- | Microsoft | Wireless Optical Mouse 2000 | | 0x045E | 0x00F9 | | {{no|not working see keyboard Media Desktop 2000 above}} |- | <!--Brand-->Microsoft | <!--Description--> | <!--Model-->1461 1447 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> {{No|usb dongle matched to one mouse only no others}} |- | <!--Brand--> | <!--Description--> | <!--Model--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> {{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Brand--> | <!--Description--> | <!--Model--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> {{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Brand-->Razer | <!--Description-->USB optical | <!--Model-->Orochi | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> {{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Brand-->Razer | <!--Description-->USB optical | <!--Model-->Mamba | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> {{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Brand-->Razer | <!--Description-->USB optical | <!--Model-->Naga | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> {{N/A|untested}} 17 buttons |- | <!--Brand-->Razer | <!--Description-->USB Optical | <!--Model-->Naga Hex V2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> {{N/A|untested}} MOBA Gaming Mouse, Professional Grade 16,000 DPI Sensor - RGB lighting |- | <!--Brand-->Razer | <!--Description-->USB optical | <!--Model-->DeathAdder | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> {{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Brand-->Razer | <!--Description-->USB optical | <!--Model-->Viper | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> {{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Brand-->Razer | <!--Description-->USB optical | <!--Model-->Basilisk V3 Pro | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> {{N/A|untested 1k polling, 35k dpi, }} |- | <!--Brand--> | <!--Description--> | <!--Model--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> {{N/A|untested}} |- | Trust | Slimline Lasermouse | <!--Model--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | {{N/A|untested}} |- | SteelSeries | Tobii EyeX EyeMobile PCEye | Eye Tracking Control | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | {{N/A|untested}} gaze interaction track technology for augment augmentative and alternative communication (AAC). |- | <!--Brand--> | <!--Description--> | <!--Model--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> {{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Brand-->The Eye Tribe Tracker | <!--Description-->Eye | <!--Model--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> {{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Brand--> | <!--Description-->USB Optical Mouse | <!--Model-->MV3000 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x192f | <!--Product ID-->0x0916 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{yes|works}} |- | <!--Brand--> | <!--Description--> | <!--Model--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> {{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Brand--> | <!--Description--> | <!--Model--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> {{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Brand--> | <!--Description--> | <!--Model--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> {{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Brand--> | <!--Description--> | <!--Model--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> {{N/A|untested}} |} === Trackball === {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | <!--Description-->3Dconnexion SpaceBall 5000 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | {{N/A|untested}} Labtec designed and rolled into new company 3dconnexion 2001 by owners Logitech |- | <!--Description-->ACCO Kensington Orbit optical F1233A | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Kensington Turbo Mouse 64210 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Clearly Superior Technologies. Model:CST 1000-RC | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Logitech Trackman Marble Mouse Wired USB | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Logitech Cordless Trackman Wheel | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Logitech Optical Trackman T-RB22 - Cordless | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Logitech M570 wireless | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Microsoft Trackball Mouse Optical 1.0 USB | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Microsoft X05-87473 Trackball USB Optical | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- |} === KVM === {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->NanoKVM | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- |} === Gamepad === Controllers have mostly decided that the left analog joystick is keyboard equivalent of WASD and right joystick is your mouse. You also have 2 bumpers above the triggers. Shoot could be right trigger (so it doesn't involve taking your thumb off the right joystick). Face buttons for reloading or jump or other non-critical functions. Crank up the sensitivity and practice. Testing can be done with the TRIDENT Prefs, [https://devicetests.com/controller-tester html5], [https://greggman.github.io/html5-gamepad-test/ html5], or [https://gamepad-tester.com/ Tester] ==== Dinput Poseidon Default Plugin - Playstation(TM) style ==== {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="35%" |Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="5%" |Product ID ! width="5%" |Revision ! width="10%" |Merge with USB on Digital Pad ! width="10%" |Analogue Hack with Analog Stick ! width="30%" |Opinion |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Betop Betong Bat D2E BTP-BD2E XD4D2E | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Gravis Eliminator Gamepad Pro USB | <!--Vendor ID-->047d | <!--Product ID-->4005 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{N/A}} | <!--Opinion-->2002 2d only |- | Hama Black Force USB Gamepad | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad-->{{Maybe| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{Maybe| }} | <!--Opinion-->2003 psx clone look |- | <!--Description-->Jess Tech Game Elements Philips GGE909 PC Recoil Pad | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Merge with USB on Digital Pad | Analogue Hack with Analog Stick | Opinion |- | [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TCbAmIhj6P4 Logitech Wingman Precision USB] G-UC3B | <!--Vendor ID-->0x046d | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad-->{{Yes| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{N/A| }} | <!--Opinion-->2002 no 3D but good for 2D retro games like Turrican II |- | <!--Description-->Logitech Wingman Action Pad G-UB3A | <!--Vendor ID-->0x046d | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad-->{{Yes| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{Maybe|untested }} | <!--Opinion-->2002 1 blue lucid translucent - thin analog stick N64 type - |- | <!--Description-->Logitech Wingman RumblePad UB05B | <!--Vendor ID-->0x046d | <!--Product ID-->0xc20a | 1.12 | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad-->{{Maybe| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{Maybe| }} | <!--Opinion-->2000 twin blue analogue sticks N64 type - poor 2d controls with single molded blue piece - vibration feedback - single shoulder buttons with throttle control below right one |- | <!--Description-->Logitech Wingman Cordless RumblePad G-RA4A | <!--Vendor ID-->0x046d | <!--Product ID-->0xc211 | 1.12 | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad-->{{Yes| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{Maybe|untested }} | <!--Opinion-->2001 twin blue analogue sticks N64 type - poor 2d controls with single molded black piece - vibration feedback - dual shoulder buttons L1 L2 R1 R2 with blue throttle control below right one - 4 aa mn1500 batteries; life not great - C-UD10A usb dongle - overall big and bulky |- | <!--Description-->Logitech Precision Wired G-UG15 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x046d | <!--Product ID-->0x | <!--Revision-->0x | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad-->{{Maybe| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{N/A|N/A}} | <!--Opinion-->2002 psx styling blue outer shell - no 3D analog and no shoulder buttons - no rumble |- | <!--Description-->Logitech Cordless Precision G-X2E14A | <!--Vendor ID-->0x046d | <!--Product ID-->0x | <!--Revision-->0x | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{N/A|N/A}} | <!--Opinion-->2002 ps2 styling blue outer shell - no 3D analog and no shoulder buttons - no rumble |- | <!--Description-->Logitech G-X5C11A Cordless Precision Wireless Controllers | <!--Vendor ID-->0x046d | <!--Product ID-->0x | <!--Revision-->0x | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{N/A|N/A}} | <!--Opinion-->2002 psx styling black outer shell - no 3D analog and no shoulder buttons - no rumble |- | <!--Description-->[http://www.testfreaks.co.uk/game-console-accessories-controls/logitech-dual-actiontm-gamepad/ Logitech Dual Action] * G-UD8 has no mode (2D only?) button and no rumble * G-UF13A later | <!--Vendor ID-->0x046d | <!--Product ID-->0x | <!--Revision-->0xc2 | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad-->{{Yes| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{Yes|[http://www.morphzone.org/modules/newbb_plus/viewtopic.php?topic_id=7018&forum=12 G-UF13A tested only]}} | <!--Opinion-->2003 New body shape psx style - dual analog 3D sticks - 4 small travel shoulder triggers no 5,6,7,8 |- | <!--Description-->Logitech RumblePad 2 G-UF13 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x046d | <!--Product ID-->0xc218 | <!--Revision-->1.00 | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad-->{{Yes| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{Yes| }} | <!--Opinion-->2006 usb wired light blue top/black base - twin analogues 3D along with dual short travel shoulder buttons - rumble present - |- | <!--Description-->Logitech RumblePad 2 Cordless * G-RC?? OLD version that take FOUR batteries and RED Logitech logo * G-RC14 uses TWO batteries has an ORANGE logo - dongle C-UE10 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x046d | <!--Product ID-->0xc219 | <!--Revision-->0x0200 | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad-->{{Maybe| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{Maybe| }} | <!--Opinion-->2008 wireless may have to remove 1 battery - G-RC?? 5 + 7 buttons - G-RC14 use buttons 6 + 8 to reset sticks - replace battery and push large button on receiver - |- | <!--Description-->Logitech F310 Wired Dual Action G-U0001 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x046d | <!--Product ID-->0xc21 | <!--Revision-->0x | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad-->{{Yes| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{Yes|D mode switch}} | <!--Opinion-->2010 best option for old usb wired style dual analog 3D with pc-xbox/psx switch on back (only D works) - both rear shoulder RT LT buttons have excess travel - no rumble vibration - |- | <!--Description-->Logitech F510 Wired G-UG0002 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x046d | <!--Product ID-->0xc21 | <!--Revision-->0x | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad-->{{Maybe| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{Maybe| }} | <!--Opinion-->2010 dual analog with dual xbox pc/psx X/D switched compatibility modes - |- | Logitech F710 Wireless / Cordless RumblePad 2 G-R0001 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x046d | <!--Product ID-->0xc219 | <!--Revision-->3.05 | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad-->{{Maybe|Mouse only not joypad}} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{Maybe| }} | <!--Opinion-->2011 When switch on top set to D and nano receiver for each controller to pair - 2 aa mn1500 batteries required - rumble support sometimes - rear back shoulder buttons excessive travel needed - does have rubber backing that becomes sticky - |- |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Merge with USB on Digital Pad | Analogue Hack with Analog Stick | Opinion |- | <!--Description-->Megaworld 'TIME' USB pad | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0735 | <!--Product ID-->0x9902 | <!--Revision-->Low 0100 | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad-->{{Yes| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{No |}} | <!--Opinion-->2000 Poor quality |- | <!--Description-->Microsoft * SideWinder Precision Pro USB (1997) * SideWinder Precision 2 (1998) * Game Pad Pro (1999) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Microsoft Sidewinder Game Pad USB | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad-->{{maybe| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{maybe| }} | <!--Opinion--> possible setup first |- | <!--Description-->Microsoft Sidewinder Gamepad X04 Freestyle | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad-->{{Maybe| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{N/A}} | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} 1998 might need USB adapter |- | <!--Description-->Microsoft Sidewinder X05 63895 92626 Flight stick | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad-->{{Yes| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->{{Yes|2000 [https://ae.amigalife.org/index.php?topic=929.msg11309#new tested]}} |- | <!--Description-->Microsoft Sidewinder Flight Stick X08-58736 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Microsoft Plug & Play Game Pad (2000) SideWinder Joystick (2000) Game Pad 2.0 (2001) SideWinder Force Feedback 2 (2002) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->2002 long-standing static buildup problem and Force Feedback 2 was the removal of the power brick |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | Saitek [http://www.testfreaks.co.uk/game-console-accessories-controls/saitek-ps1000/ PS1000 Cyborg V.1], [http://www.testfreaks.co.uk/game-console-accessories-controls/saitek-ps2700-rumble-pad/ PS2700] | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad-->{{Yes| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->2000 no rumble function |- | Saitek [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xG0v-hf6ZPA P2600] [http://compactiongames.about.com/od/hardware/tp/gamepads.htm P3600], | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad-->{{Yes| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->2000 no rumble function |- | Saitek P2900 wireless | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->2002 runs on 1 AA battery |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Merge with USB on Digital Pad | Analogue Hack with Analog Stick | Opinion |- | <!--Description-->Sony Batoh PS3 mini USB Wired hookup [http://ps3.jim.sh/sixaxis/usb/ SIXAXIS] *PCB Ribbon Notes *Protos ALPS MSU Rev3 M3 and the later CBEH-1019 *? SA1Q135A for sixaxis *PP4 *V2 *V25 *VX SA1Q146A first dualshock 3 model *VX SA1Q147A CECHZC2U (USA) *VX35 SA1Q159A *VX3 SA1Q160A *VX? SA1Q188A *VX4 SA1Q189A shipped with a CECH-2504 datecode 0C *VX5 SA1Q194A changed design ALPS, PS button changes *VX6 SA1Q195A red case, *VX7 SA1Q222A superslims 2 ribbons *VX8 SA1Q224A superslims 2 ribbons | <!--Vendor ID-->0x054c | <!--Product ID-->0x0268 | <!--Revision-->1.00 | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad-->{{No|}} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{No|}} | <!--Opinion-->Sometimes detected but no support - no sixaxis features detected - mini usb lead will have varying results - |- | <!--Description-->Sony PS4 *JDM JDS 001 010 011 *JDM 030 040 055 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Sony PS5 Dual Sense | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Speed Link Strike 2 FX | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Thrustmaster Firestorm Dual Power 2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad-->{{Yes| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{Yes|[http://www.morphzone.org/modules/newbb_plus/viewtopic.php?topic_id=7018&forum=12 only 1 axis joystick only]}} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Trust Predator GM-1500 GM-1520 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Merge with USB on Digital Pad | Analogue Hack with Analog Stick | Opinion |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Haute42 M series Aluminum Metal Joystick Hitbox Controller Arcade Fighting Stick | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Haute42 T series | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Haute42 G series Gamefinger G12 G13 G16 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> plastic - |- | <!--Description-->Haute42 S series | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> thinner and lighter than G series |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Mad Catz sf2 fightstick | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Mayflash Datel Paewang Arcade Pro Stick | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Mayflash F300 Fighting Stick | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Mayflash F500 Fighting Stick | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Pico Flatbox GP2040-CE Hot Swappable Mini Hitbox Keyboard | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> default it is configured for PS4 but before plugging usbc cable in, X for Dinput, B Xinput, RT HID - plastic build case - Rev4 based on RP2040 chip and firmware is based on GP2040-CE (Community Edition) - |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Shenzhen Onebitdo Tech 8bitdo Fighting stick | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Venom 8 button | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- |} ==== Xinput Xbox Style Plugin ==== 2018 extension added originally called AROSx but later redacted. Latest [https://github.com/medusalix/xone linux driver] might be useful. {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="35%" |Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="5%" |Product ID ! width="5%" |Revision ! width="10%" |Merge with USB on Digital Pad ! width="10%" |Analogue Hack with Analog Stick ! width="30%" |Opinion |- | <!--Description-->8bitdo Ultimate C Wired 82CB (Shenzhen ONEBITDO TECH - GWOWO) | <!--Vendor ID-->0x2dc8 | <!--Product ID-->0x3106 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->2022 - 4 t6 torx screws - non hall effect so drifting issues - triggers go faulty often - |- | <!--Description-->8bitdo Ultimate 2C Wired Controller 82CD | <!--Vendor ID-->0x2dc8 | <!--Product ID-->0x310A | <!--Revision-->0114 | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->2024 - HID keyboard assigned - 4 t6 torx screws - hall effect analogs and triggers - 1000Hz polling - |- | <!--Description-->8bitdo Ultimate 2C wireless | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->2024 - 400mw battery - hall effect 3d nubs and triggers - micro switch shoulder buttons - d-pad poor for retro games - |- | <!--Description-->8bitdo ULtimate Mini Wired Controller for Xbox | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->2024 hall effect |- | <!--Description-->8BitDo Pro 2 *Wired Controller *Wireless *Bluetooth | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->2024 hall effect - playstation style layout for pc - slide button for S-A-D-X switch, android, dinput or xinput - |- | <!--Description-->8BitDo Pro 2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->2025 tmr hall effect analogs, hall effect triggers and some microswitches - button swap - ps2 style layout - |- | <!--Description-->8bitdo Ultimate 3 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->2026 - mw battery - hall effect 3d nubs and triggers - micro switch shoulder buttons - d-pad for retro games - |- | <!--Description-->8BitDo Pro 3 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->2026 hall effect analogs, hall effect triggers and some microswitches - button swap - ps2 style layout - |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Ace Aurora | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->2025 hall effect joysticks with no deadzone mode, gyro, linear rumble, trigger stops, back paddles, button swap, macro, turbo, RGB LED effects - tri-mode connection - |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Betop Beitong Spartan BTP-2270U | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion--> no hall effect |- | <!--Description-->Betop Betong Asura 2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion--> no hall effect - noble linear trigger potentiometer and alps shoulder LB/RB micro switch |- | <!--Description-->BEITONG ASURA 2 Pro+ Game Controller Wireless Gamepad | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Beitong Zeus 2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->BebonCool Dinofire Model Number: Q218 / TP28 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->2021 - triggers aren't progressive but ON/OFF - |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->EasySMX X05 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->2024 hall effect analog and triggers - tri mode connection - |- | <!--Description-->EasySMX Wireless Controller PC PS3, 9013pro ESM-9013PRO | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->2024 linear hall effect but device sometimes will not connect tried multiple attempts with the dongle |- | <!--Description-->EasySMX X10 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->EasySMX X20 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->2024 ABXY MICRO SWITCH - Bumpers Tactile switch Hall Effect analog |- | <!--Description-->EasySMX X15 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->2025 hall effect analog and triggers - membrane buttons - |- | <!--Description-->EasySMX S10 Wireless Gamepad | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->2025 TMR Hall effect and compatible with Switch 2/PC/Phone/TV/Steam, NFC, Gyro, HD Rumble - |- | <!--Description-->EasySMX | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->202 |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Fantech World EOS Pro WGP15 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->2024 hall effect trigger and sticks,2 back paddles, motion controlling |- | <!--Description-->Fantech EOS PRO II S | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->2025 controller with TMR hall effect analogues, mechanical face buttons and D-pad, 63 input macro, back paddles, turbo - analog triggers with trigger stops - tri mode bt wifi and wired - slide switch on back for switch, macos/android and xinput - |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Flydigi Apex | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->2023 luxury model |- | <!--Description-->Flydigi Vader Pro 3 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->2023 the Pro(Hall Effects) and Non-Pro (No Hall) |- | <!--Description-->Flydigi Direwolf 2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->2023 hall effect sticks and triggers - poor wifi connection - |- | <!--Description-->Flydigi Apex 4 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->2024 luxury model |- | <!--Description-->Flydigi Vader 4 Pro | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->2024 - hall effect, DInput mode (o+A hold) - |- | <!--Description-->Flydigi Direwolf 3 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->2024 hall effect analog and triggers but membrane buttons with gold contacts - 800mhA battery - |- | <!--Description-->Flydigi Dunefox | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->2024 basic model hall effect analog and triggers but membrane buttons - 500mha battery - no gyros - |- | <!--Description-->Flydigi Vader 5 Pro | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->2025 - hall effect stick with tension control, linear triggers, DInput mode (o+A hold) - |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Gamesir T4K Keleid, T4C Cyclone wired | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->2023 poor to ok switch |- | <!--Description-->Gamesir Nova | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad-->{{no|| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{no| }} | <!--Opinion-->2024 - switch type layout |- | <!--Description-->Guangzhou Chicken Run Network Tech Nova Lite GameSir-T4n LITE - Zikway HID gamepad *[https://www.reddit.com/r/Gamesir/comments/1c185ve/psa_keep_gamesir_nova_lite_t4n_lite_firmware_at/ fw 4200 seems to be xbox so B then Home for Xinput (green LED), A then Home for HID BT Android (green/yellow LED), Y then Home for Switch Pro (Red LED)] or X then Home for Wifi and start and select to alternatively swap modes * and if on [https://www.reddit.com/r/Gamesir/comments/1c185ve/psa_keep_gamesir_nova_lite_t4n_lite_firmware_at/ fw 5700 ds4 so Home + B (blue LED), ] * firmware 6900 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x3537 | <!--Product ID-->0x1040 0x1041 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad-->{{no| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{no| }} | <!--Opinion-->2024 - hall effect 3d nubs - no usb-c cable - rubber membrane analog trigger travel and bumpers shoulder buttons - wifi 2.4G and bluetooth - xbox layout so ab and xy might need to be swapped via m and a buttons for switch type [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=po-nNuC5fps fixes video] - 250Hz polling - 600mah battery - rigid carry case - poor d-pad esp diagonals - gamesir settings software only on android 6+ or ios based only - |- | <!--Description-->Gamesir Nova 2 Lite | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->GameSir G7 SE Wired Controller | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->2024 hall effect |- | <!--Description-->GameSir G8 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Gamesir TEGENARIA T3 Lite Wired | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->2024 playstation aesthetic hall effect analog and membrane buttons - X+Home button connects as an Xbox controller |- | <!--Description-->GameSir Cyclone 2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->2024 TMR Joysticks with anti-friction rings and metal anti-friction rings around the stems, gyro, rumble, macro, turbo, 2 back paddles, hall analog triggers with micro-switch trigger - tri mode bluetooth, 2.4GHz wifi and wired, 1000hz polling rate - gamesir connect software - |- | <!--Description-->GameSir G7 Pro for Xbox | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->2024 TMR hall effect - hall effect triggers, tri mode connection - gamesir nexus software - |- | <!--Description-->GameSir Super Nova Pro | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->2026 hall effect sticks and triggers, 1000Hz polling, tri mode connectivity, |- | <!--Description-->GameSir | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->GameSir | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->GameSir | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->GuliKit | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->GuliKit KingKong 2 NS08 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->Electromagnetic Stick hall effect - hall linear triggers - Mechanical face buttons - wired and wireless - Built-in rechargeable lithium battery |- | <!--Description-->GuliKit KingKong 2 PRO NS09 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->hall efect - wired and wireless - Mechanical face buttons - Built-in rechargeable lithium battery |- | <!--Description-->GuliKit KingKong MAX 3 KK3 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->hall effect - wired and wireless - lithium battery - |- | <!--Description-->Gulikit KK3 Max USB-c Bluetooth Controller | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->2024 Hall Joysticks and Triggers, Maglev/Rotor/HD Vibration, 1000Hz Polling Rate, 4 Back Buttons, |- | <!--Description-->GuliKit KK3 PRO | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->2024 smaller version of KK3 MAX - hall effect analog and triggers, face buttons , maglev rumble, gyro, 4 back paddles - rigid case - 950mAh up to 8 hrs - |- | <!--Description-->GuliKit | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Hyperkin | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Hori EX2 Turbo UHX3-45 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Machenike G1 Pro | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->2024 Wireless Gaming Controller with 1K Polling Rate Hall Effect Trigger Joystick For Nintendo Switch PC iOS Android |- | <!--Description-->Machenike G5 Pro Wireless Gaming Controller | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->2024 ABXY Switch Membrane, Bumpers Tactile switch and hall effect analog |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->microsoft sidewinder precision pro | <!--Vendor ID-->0x045E | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | [https://pineight.com/mw/index.php?title=USB_game_controllers Xbox 360 Wired Controller] | 0x045e | 0x028e | 0x | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad-->{{No|needs specific driver and has poor 2D control pad}} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | Microsoft (R) [https://blog.tkjelectronics.dk/2012/12/xbox-360-receiver-added-to-the-usb-host-library/ Xbox 360] (TM) Wireless Receiver for Windows(R) Model 1086 and Controller | 0x045e | 0x0719, 0x or 0x0291 | 0x0100 | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->{{No|separate standalone usb dongle detected and shows as 8 vendor interfaces but no class associated and so not working - may need new class from code from xpad or xboxdrv to work the controllor}} |- | <!--Description-->Xbox 360 Kinect [http://hackaday.com/2010/11/10/kinect-open-source-driver-demo-and-hacking/ Video] [http://git.marcansoft.com/?p=libfreenect.git;a=commit;h=7655fcf7239ba4907654089dba535a196685dbe5 GIT] | <!--Vendor ID-->0x045E | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->2007 proprietary 2.4GHz RF protocol, |- | <!--Description-->Xbox One Wired Controller | <!--Vendor ID-->0x045E | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad-->{{no| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{no| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Xbox One wireless controller newer model with the 3.5mm headphone jack 1537 1697 and microsoft adapter | <!--Vendor ID-->0x045E | <!--Product ID-->0x02d1 or 0x02dd | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{no| }} | <!--Opinion-->2014 |- | <!--Description-->Microsoft Elite Series 1 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x045E | <!--Product ID-->0x02e3 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad-->{{no| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{no| }} | <!--Opinion-->2016 ok - |- | <!--Description-->Xbox later models 1708+ Xbox One and Series use 5GHz and use Bluetooth, | <!--Vendor ID-->0x045E | <!--Product ID-->0x02e0 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad-->{{no| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{no| }} | <!--Opinion-->2017 |- | <!--Description-->Xbox One S | <!--Vendor ID-->0x045E | <!--Product ID-->0x02ea 0x02fd | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad-->{{no| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{no| }} | <!--Opinion-->2019 |- | <!--Description-->Microsoft Elite Series 2 Core | <!--Vendor ID-->0x045E | <!--Product ID-->0x02ff | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad-->{{no| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{no| }} | <!--Opinion-->2022 ok - no hall - 125Hz polling - |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Minisform MGP01 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->2024 |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->MOBAPAD N1HD | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->2024 has liquid silicone face buttons, hall effect analog, D-Pad swap, two back paddles, USB-A dongle, HD Rumble - |- | <!--Description-->Mobapad Huben 2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->2025 |- | <!--Description-->Mobapad | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->BIGBIG WON Gale 墨将 mòjiāng | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->BIGBIG WON Blitz PRO 2 TMR | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->BIGBIG WON now MOJHON AETHER | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->2025 hall effect joysticks, hall effect triggers, mechanical bumpers, 1000hz polling rate, mechanical D-pad, membrane face buttons, mechanical back paddles, rumble, deadzone issues - tri mode |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->MSI FORCE GC20 GC30 V2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->2021 not hall effect |- | <!--Description-->MSI | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Mytrix Pro | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->2024 |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->NACON GC-100XF Controller | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->2024 average |- | <!--Description-->PXN P5 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->2024 hall effect joysticks & triggers, limited trigger stops, 1000hz polling rate on wired, 4 back paddles, 32 macro record, anti-deadzone mode, RAW mode, gyro, turbo, tri-mode connection - |- | <!--Description-->PXN P50L | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->PowerA | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->QRD Stellar T5 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->QRD Junior E5 Mini | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->QRD | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Razer Wolverine V3 Pro | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->2024 hall |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->RetroFlag | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Speedlink XEOX Pro Analog Wireless | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->enclosed lithium battery? - xbox layout - switchable on back of controller to directinput (dinput) or xinput - USB dongle switchable to pc and ps3 |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->SCUF Instinct Pro | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->2022 good |- | <!--Description-->SCUF Envision Pro | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->2023 good |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Steel Series Stratus Duo XL | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->usb adapter needed |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->[https://inputlabs.io/Inputlabs InputLabs Alpakka Open Source and build yourself] | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->DIY it with 3d printer, pcb and components - pi pico needed - 2 gyros for better accuracy - |- | <!--Description-->[https://inputlabs.io/kapybara Inputlabs kapybara] | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->DIY one handed version wip |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Vilcorn Z03 BT Wireless | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->2024 - other Bluetooth modes (green, red, blue, purple, etc.) Select + M1 (or M2) - 400mAh - not great latency wired - 800mhz polling - |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->zd ultimate legend | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->zd 0+ elite | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->2024 |- | <!--Description-->zd 0+excellent | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->2024 |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- |} <pre> #ifndef AROSX_LIBRARY_H #define AROSX_LIBRARY_H #include <exec/types.h> #define AROSX_CONTROLLER_TYPE_UNKNOWN 0x00 #define AROSX_CONTROLLER_TYPE_GAMEPAD 0x01 #define AROSX_GAMEPAD_DPAD_UP 0x0001 #define AROSX_GAMEPAD_DPAD_DOWN 0x0002 #define AROSX_GAMEPAD_DPAD_LEFT 0x0004 #define AROSX_GAMEPAD_DPAD_RIGHT 0x0008 #define AROSX_GAMEPAD_START 0x0010 #define AROSX_GAMEPAD_BACK 0x0020 #define AROSX_GAMEPAD_LEFT_THUMB 0x0040 #define AROSX_GAMEPAD_RIGHT_THUMB 0x0080 #define AROSX_GAMEPAD_LEFT_SHOULDER 0x0100 #define AROSX_GAMEPAD_RIGHT_SHOULDER 0x0200 #define AROSX_GAMEPAD_A 0x1000 #define AROSX_GAMEPAD_B 0x2000 #define AROSX_GAMEPAD_X 0x4000 #define AROSX_GAMEPAD_Y 0x8000 struct AROSX_GAMEPAD { ULONG Timestamp; UWORD Buttons; UBYTE LeftTrigger; UBYTE RightTrigger; WORD ThumbLX; WORD ThumbLY; WORD ThumbRX; WORD ThumbRY; }; #define AROSX_EHMB_CONNECT 0x00 #define AROSX_EHMB_DISCONNECT 0x01 #define AROSX_EHMF_CONNECT (1L<<AROSX_EHMB_CONNECT) #define AROSX_EHMF_DISCONNECT (1L<<AROSX_EHMB_DISCONNECT) struct AROSX_EventHook { struct Node eh_Node; struct MsgPort *eh_MsgPort; ULONG eh_MsgMask; }; struct AROSX_EventNote { struct Message en_Msg; ULONG en_Event; APTR en_Param1; APTR en_Param2; }; #endif /* AROSX_LIBRARY_H */ </pre> === Joystick === {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="10%" |Merge with USB on Digital Pad ! width="10%" |Analogue Hack with Analog Stick ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->CH Products CombatStick 568 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Cyborg X | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Logitech Extreme 3D | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | [Logitech Attack 3 Joystick] | 0x0464 | 0xC214 | 0205 | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | {{yes|works}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->saitek X-52 x52 pro | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->saitek aviator | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | Speedlink Competition Pro USB | | | | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | {{maybe|works but games not working "out of the box"}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Trust Predator QZ 501 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{yes|works}} |- | <!--Description-->Trust Predator TH 400 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{yes|works}} |- | <!--Description-->Trust Predator GM-2500 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{yes|works}} |- | <!--Description-->Trust XK 100 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- |} ===[https://github.com/JacKeTUs/linux-steering-wheels Gaming Racing Steering Wheels]=== {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="25%" |Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="5%" |Product ID ! width="5%" |Revision ! width="10%" |Merge with USB on Digital Pad ! width="10%" |Analogue Hack with Analog Stick ! width="40%" |Opinion |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> [https://www.usb.org/sites/default/files/documents/pid1_01.pdf USB PID standard not supported], |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Cammus C5 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Fanatec CSL Elite | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->PS4 and Xbox - belt driven wheel - 30cm wheel swapping |- | <!--Description-->Fanatec Club Sport | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> top belt $600 £500 system |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->FFBeast | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Merge with USB on Digital Pad | Analogue Hack with Analog Stick | Opinion |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Genius TRIO RACER F1 Racing Wheel | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->Cheap and cheerful but not great - may need calibrating |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Hama PC Racing Wheel Thunder V18 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->Average |- | <!--Description-->Hori Racing Wheel 3 with pedals | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->PS3 PC |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Logic3 PXU450 TopDrive GT450 Steering Wheel for PS3, PS4, XBox One and PC | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Merge with USB on Digital Pad | Analogue Hack with Analog Stick | Opinion |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Logitech MOMO | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->Very good |- | <!--Description-->Logitech Driving Force GT | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Logitech Drive Force Pro DFP | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> wheel 900 degree - weighs in at 15&nbsp;lbs |- | <!--Description-->Logitech Formula Force EX | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->200 degrees turn for the EX model is arcade-like driving - adds PS3 compatibility via the PSx/2 adaptor - weighs in at 9&nbsp;lbs |- | <!--Description-->Logitech G25 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> - needs external psu - |- | <!--Description-->Logitech G27 PC/PS3 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> comes with gear shifter - needs external psu - |- | <!--Description-->Logitech G29 PC PS3/PS4 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> may need additional shifter - gear 900deg wheel / rumble - 3 peddle - needs external psu - |- | <!--Description-->Logitech G920 PC XboxOne | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> may need additional shifter - gear 900deg wheel / rumble - 3 peddle - needs external psu - |- | <!--Description-->Logitech G923 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Microsoft(R) SideWinder Precision Racing Wheel (1999) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Moza R3 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x346E | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Moza R5 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x346E | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Moza R9 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x346E | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Moza R12 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x346E | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->[https://github.com/Ultrawipf/OpenFFBoard OpenFFBoard], | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->PXN V10 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->PXN V12 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->PXN V12 Lite | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Merge with USB on Digital Pad | Analogue Hack with Analog Stick | Opinion |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Simagic M10 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> base direct drive $900 £800 |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Simplicity Simwheel | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> direct |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Simucube | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Simucube | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Simucube | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Simxperience Accuforce V2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->SPEEDLINK Drift O.Z. Racing Wheel with Pedals and Gear Stick | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->SteelSeries Simraceway SRW-S1 Steering Wheel (PC) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Merge with USB on Digital Pad | Analogue Hack with Analog Stick | Opinion |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Thrustmaster Nascar Pro | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Thrustmaster Ferrari Challenge Wheel | <!--Vendor ID-->0x044f | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> Poor |- | <!--Description-->Thrustmaster Ferrari FGT Rumble GT Experience 3-in-1 (PC/PS3) | <!--Vendor ID-->0x044f | <!--Product ID-->b658 | <!--Revision-->0102 | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad-->{{Yes|Wheel and all buttons detected}} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{Maybe|}} | <!--Opinion-->Not great - gear driven 240deg wheel rotation - no psu needed - 2 peddle - flappy gear change - rumble untested - red switch for PC PS3 selection |- | <!--Description-->Thrustmaster F430 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x044f | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Thrustmaster T500 RS Wheel | <!--Vendor ID-->0x044f | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> belt driven wheel/rumble for GT5 |- | <!--Description-->Thrustmaster T60 Challenge | <!--Vendor ID-->0x044f | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Thrustmaster T150 Wheel | <!--Vendor ID-->0x044f | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> gear / belt combo wheel / rumble - 2 peddle |- | <!--Description-->Thrustmaster TMX Pro PC/XboxOne | <!--Vendor ID-->0x044f | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad-->{{No| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion--> direct drive rumble - no manual gear shift included |- | <!--Description-->Thrustmaster T80 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x044f | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->Base level and OK - PS4 - 270deg rumble - 2 peddle |- | <!--Description-->Thrustmaster T300 RS GT | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->PS3 PS4 - belt driven - 900deg rotation and modular 28cm wheel out - 2 peddles but 3 available |- | <!--Description-->Thrustmaster TX Leather | <!--Vendor ID-->0x044f | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->TX Xbox version - 900deg rotation |- | <!--Description-->Thrustermaster TS PC | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->PC only belt wheel |- | <!--Description--> TS XW Racer PC Xbox1 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> top belt system |- | <!--Description-->Thrustmaster T-GT | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->PS4 $700 £600 with T-DFB |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Merge with USB on Digital Pad | Analogue Hack with Analog Stick | Opinion |- | <!--Description-->Tracer Zonda Racing Steering Wheel PC PS3 Vibration Feedback Pedals Gearbox | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- |} ===Gamepad Joypad Adapters=== * Most adapters will work in most OS's without installing a driver. Special functions needing drivers will be noted. * Some adapters do not work with some [http://www.stepmania.com/wiki/Dance_Pads dance pads] because of voltage issues. Other adapters map the dancemat arrows as axes and not as buttons, causing problems. * If using an adapters should be compatible with '''original''' PlayStation PS/Xbox Xbox/GameCube GC /Dreamcast DC/Sega Saturn SS gamepads. {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="35%" |Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="5%" |Product ID ! width="5%" |Revision ! width="10%" |Merge with USB on Digital Pad ! width="10%" |Analogue Hack with Analog Stick ! width="30%" |Opinion |- | <!--Description-->[http://www.maplin.co.uk/psx-usb-bridge-34887?tabid=3&worldid=&doy=21m9&faqitem=playstation%20controller%20to%20pc%20adaptor Maplin] [http://www.rockfire.com.tw/ Padix Co. Ltd. Rockfire] PX-205 PSX/USB Bridge | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0583 | <!--Product ID-->0x2050 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad-->{{Yes}} but buttons mapped different from others | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{Maybe|poor}} | <!--Opinion-->Ok with dpads, but very poor support with analogue hack |- | Boom PS Joy Converter adaptor | | | | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad-->{{Yes| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | discontinued (2004/5). Hold Up, Start, and Select for three seconds. Very good [http://www.stepmania.com stepmania] recommendation. |- | [http://www.hkems.com/m_main.htm EMS] [http://www.hkems.com/product/ps2/ps2-usb2.htm USB2] grey plastic box with 2 PSX ports, one on either side - UP and Select pressed for 3 seconds at the same time or the dance code (start+select+up) | | | | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad-->{{Yes|Tests/joystick shows the PS port works in digital mode on d-pad}} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | Set in PC switch mode. Does not work when using 2 pads at the same time, likely higher power requirements. FPSE emu DualShock untested, Mat and Guitar untested but known lag involved |- | Joytech (play.com) (EMS USB2 bad clone) Black box twin PSX | 0x0b43 | 0x0003 | 0x0 | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad-->{{Maybe| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{No|buggy hardware}} | but poor on dance ddr mat and guitar hero as the left and right keys do not like being pressed together, Dual shock untested |- | [ EMS Trio Linker ] 1 PSone connection at bottom | | | | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | 1PSX discontinued 2005 |- | [http://psxemulator.proboards.com/index.cgi?board=support&action=display&thread=421 EMS Trio Linker Plus] (blue box) 1 PSx at bottom | | | | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | 1PSX discontinued |- | Gamtec [http://www.gamestone.co.uk/gradius/guides_usb_smartjoy_guide.php SmartJoy Plus] Lik Sang PS->USB converter Red 2005 | 0x0925 | 0x0005 | Low 0110 | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad-->{{Maybe|detected and digital dpad works with [http://aros-exec.org/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?topic_id=4138&forum=2&post_id=35952#forumpost35952 joystick and testjoystick tests] but the second analog control is not mapping correctly in digital mode}} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{No|Analogue Hack - hardware buggy not useable}} | Dual shock untested, Mat and Guitar untested. Nothing picked up upon plugging it in. Quite common, these items have grounding issues or feed voltage back into the USB host and freeze the host controller, preventing any plugins or removals being detected. |- | Gamtec SmartJoy Plus Dual PS->USB converter Red | 0x0925 | 0x00 | Low | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad-->{{Maybe| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{No|buggy hardware}} | |- | [http://uk.gear.ign.com/articles/700/700334p1.html Lik-Sang Super SmartJoy PSX] | | | | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | 1PSX |- | Soyo Kiki Kiky | | | | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | |- | eXcel PSX adaptor shaped a little like a stealth bomber with USB pass through | | | | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | |- | Venom | | | | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | |- | Dragon Plus (Radio Shack) Pantherlord GreenAsia USB to PS2/PS3 converter single black cable | 0x0e8f | 0x03 | 1.07 | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad-->{{Yes| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{Yes| }} | |- | Deal Extreme 2 PSX black cables from 1 USB port | | | | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | {{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->HDE 2014 Personal Communication Systems Inc | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0810 | <!--Product ID-->0x0001 | <!--Revision-->0106 | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Same as single cable above but with black block midway along cable | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> |- | <!--Description-->TigerGame Ltd Mayflash PC001 Super Joy Box 3 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | TigerGame Ltd Mayflash PC016 Super Joy Box arrowhead triangle twin PSX] Original was lack with RED Leds. Clones Dilong pu203, Blue HDE Neewer ShineData SD-APS2USB, Red Octane and Black PC Power Box (NS3454) '''embossed circle''' on top | 0x0810 | 0x0001 | 1.06 | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad-->{{Yes|Tests/joystick shows one PS port does not work with analog control at all but the other port does and maps correctly in digital mode}} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{Yes|Analogue hack works }} | Still available 2013, poor construction though, falls to pieces easily. Dual Shock untested, Mat and Guitar untested |- | <!--Description-->TigerGame Ltd [http://www.mayflash.com/pc/pc038/pc038-1.htm Mayflash PC038 Super Joy Box Pro triangle twin PSX] | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | TigerGame Limited Mayflash SuperJoy Box 5 PC006 long V-shaped 4 port PS/PS2 Game Controller Adapter | | | | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad-->{{Yes| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | |- | <!--Description-->TigerGame Limited Mayflash SuperJoy Box 5 PRO PC039 PS/PS2 Game Controller Adapter | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Merge with USB on Digital Pad | Analogue Hack with Analog Stick | Opinion |- | Boom PSX+N64 USB converter (purple or blue see through box) (2003/4) - red led for psx and green led for n64 | 0x6666 | 0x0667 | 0x0 | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad-->{{No|not detected by Tests/joystick}} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{No|Analogue hack }} | Rumble Pak untested |- | [http://www.hkems.com/product/ps2/TrioLinkerPlus2.htm EMS Trio Linker Plus II] | | | | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad-->{{Yes| }} [http://aros-exec.org/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?topic_id=4753&forum=24&post_id=43102#forumpost43102 ] | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | 1DC 1GC 1PSX but not for ddr mat games |- | TigerGame Mayflash PC043 clone HuiJia Black twin N64 converter for PC USB | 0x0e8f | 0x3013 | 0x0 | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad-->{{No|detected by Tests/joystick though two digital pads have their settings wrong}} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{Yes|Analogue hack works well with middle handle/grip little joystick}} | Rumble Pack untested |- | TigerGame Mayflash PC MagicBox SuperBox 3 | | | | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | untested 1SS 1DC 1PSX } |- | <!--Description-->Lik Sang SmartJoy X | <!--Vendor ID-->0x045e | <!--Product ID-->0x0285 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->SmartJoy X2 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x045e | <!--Product ID-->0x0289 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | TigerGame Mayflash PC018 Super Joy Box 9 Xbox (NOT 360) | 0x05e3 | 0x060 | | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad-->{{No|shows up as a Genesys Logic Hub}} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{No| }} | does not work. Hub(s) 0x0288 detected but 0x0289 xbox1 joypads are not detected as hid let alone as [http://www.amiga.org/forums/archive/index.php/t-62940.html xpad] or [http://pingus.seul.org/~grumbel/xboxdrv/ linux xboxdrv driver] |- | TigerGame Mayflash PC019 Super Joy Box 10 Xbox Twin ports (NOT 360) | 0x05e3 | 0x060 | | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad-->{{No|shows up as a Genesys Logic Hub}} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{No| }} | does not work with the big Fatty Duke or smaller S Akebono controller(s) |- | TigerGame Ltd Mayflash PC020 Super Joy Box 11 Xbox Quad ports (NOT 360) | 0x05e3 | 0x0604 | | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad-->{{No|shows up as a Genesys Logic Hub}} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick-->{{No| }} | |- | <!--Description-->TigerGame Ltd Mayflash PC035 3 in 1 Magic Joy box PS GC Xbox | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->USB to NES [http://wiki.nesdev.com/w/index.php/Standard_controller SPI like protocol] | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Buffalo Classic USB Pad SNES like | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad-->{{Yes| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Mayflash PC044 USB to SNES | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->USB to MEGADRIVE GENESIS Joypad | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->[http://www.retrousb.com/product_info.php?cPath=21&products_id=70 USB to 9 pin ATARI RETROPORT style JOYSTICK PORT] | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad-->{{Yes| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Atari RetroLink 9pin to SB | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->SLS Sega Saturn USB pad | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB on Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Mayflash PC050 Dual Saturn ports | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Guitar Hero for PC/Mac | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1430 | <!--Product ID-->0x474C | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad-->{{Yes| }} | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Cronus Max | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->BrookX One | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Mayflash Gamecube to USB | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Mayflash Magic NS | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> WiiU |- | <!--Description-->Brook Converter WiiU P3 P4 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->CooV Xbox One Converter | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Merge with USB Digital Pad--> | <!--Analogue Hack with Analog Stick--> | <!--Opinion--> |- |} * [http://www.bemanistyle.com/forum/f6/best-metal-pad-19066/ Metal dance pads with LEDs] - My My Box Blue Shark (Nexen), Cobalt Flux (CF) (Let's Groove), Red Octane Afterburner, TX-2000, Logic3 (Dance Dance Dance), Gamerose (Stay Cool), * Hard foam mat - [http://www.mayflash.eu/3in1-deluxe-dansmat-ignition-foam-ps2xboxpc-p-5.html Mayflash] FutureMax Deluxe 3 in 1 Ignition, [http://www.gamerose.com/ Gamerose] (Stay Cool), TrinPad orange, * Soft foam mat - Logic3 (PS420N), [http://www.positivegaming.com/index.php?id=36 Positive Gaming Impact], Gamerose Miss Daisys Naki (Stay Cool), Pelican, MadCatz *PS1 PS2 PS3 PS4 flex ribbon big source of button/trigger issues with all controllers *PS2 Phat KSA1Q40A (Board), SA1Q33A (Membrane) SCHP-10010 H *PS2 SA1Q42A SCHP-10010 A *PS2 SA1Q43-A SCHP-10010 H The primary axes are either the Control Pad or the left stick. Buttons come in a rough order: face buttons, then shoulder buttons, then Select and Start, then buttons under sticks, and finally Control Pad directions if not assigned to a hat. But the order and number of buttons within a category are unpredictable, as is which button the user expects to use for each action. {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="10%" | Joypad ! width="5%" | HATS ! width="5%" | Button 01 ! width="5%" | Button 02 ! width="5%" | Button 03 ! width="5%" | Button 04 ! width="5%" | Button 05 ! width="5%" | Button 06 ! width="5%" | Button 07 ! width="5%" | Button 08 ! width="5%" | Button 09 ! width="5%" | Button 10 ! width="5%" | Button 11 ! width="5%" | Button 12 ! width="5%" | Button 13 ! width="5%" | Button 14 ! width="5%" | Axes 1 ! width="5%" | Axes 2 ! width="5%" | Axes 3 ! width="5%" | Axes 4 ! width="5%" | Axes 5 ! width="5%" | Axes 6 ! width="10%" | Comment |- | [https://pineight.com/mw/index.php?title=USB_game_controllers Xbox 360 Wired Controller] | | A (down-green) | B (right-red) | X (left-blue) | Y (up-yellow) | LB (white) | RB (black) | Back | Start | Guide | L3 | R3 | | | | Left X | Left Y | LT | Right X | Right Y | RT | Poor 2D, Good 3D |- | <!--Description-->Gravis GamePad / Original PlayStation Controller | <!--HATS DPAD--> | <!--Button 01-->Red (Sqleft) | Yellow X (X down) | Green O (O right) | Blue (Tri up) | L1 | R1 | L2 | R2 | Select | <!--Button 10-->Start | | | | | <!--Axes 1-->Stick X | Stick Y | | | | | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> PlayStation 2 Older Adapters | <!--HATS DPAD--> | <!--Button 01-->Blue X (down) | Red O (right) | Pink Sq (left) | Green Tri (up) | L1 | R1 | L2 | R2 | Select | <!--Button 10-->Start | Stick 1 | Stick 2 | | | <!--Axes 1--> | | | | | | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> PlayStation 2 Newer Adapters | <!--HATS DPAD--> | <!--Button 01-->Up | Right | Down | Left | L2 | R2 | L1 | R1 | Select | <!--Button 10-->Start | Stick 1 (analogue Hack) | Stick 2 | | | <!--Axes 1--> | | | | | | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> Wish Technologies N64 Adaptoid | <!--HATS DPAD--> | <!--Button 01--> A | C Down | C Right | B | C Left | C Up | L | R | Start | <!--Button 10-->Z | Pad Up | Pad Down | Pad Left | Pad Right | <!--Axes 1-->Stick X | Stick Y | | | | | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--HATS DPAD--> | <!--Button 01--> | | | | | | | | | <!--Button 10--> | | | | | <!--Axes 1--> | | | | | | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--HATS DPAD--> | <!--Button 01--> | | | | | | | | | <!--Button 10--> | | | | | <!--Axes 1--> | | | | | | <!--Opinion--> |- |} Just plug in your digital/analogue joystick or gamepad into USB port. The device will be handled by Poseidon USB stack. Poseidon is the USB stack with Trident adding a GUI (graphical user interface) prefs. the context sensitive page would come up right on pressing the help key inside the relevant window. The manual is in this archive, just in case it isn't in SYS:Locale/Help *How to change joystick mode to analogue? By default a connected USB joystick emulates Amiga digital joystick. To change this behaviour so that the joystick is presented as analogue you need to use Trident preferences application (System:Prefs/Trident). Open Trident and go to Devices on the left hand side (mouse click once on it). Select your controller from the list to the right and then click on Settings button below. This will open a new window. On the "General" tab find the "Lowlevel Library Joypad Emulation" section near the bottom. Find ports which are set to "Merge with USB" or "Override with USB" and change them to "Analogue Hack". Please note that analogue joystick support is an extension of original Amiga functionality, thus an Amiga application must be explicitly written to use it. AROS SDL library uses this functionality, thus all SDL applications that use joystick, can use the analogue joystick feature. The HID class has several options how to handle the input data: * Don't touch: The movement and button data for is not modified by the hid class. This is the default for the ports 0, 2, and 3. * Overwrite with USB: This will kill the original data that might had come from the internal ports and overwrites it with the joypad data for this USB interface. Note well: If you have multiple joypads connected, take care which setting you have selected for each port, because only the last interface with this option will actually send the joypad data to the game. * Merge with USB: This option merges the input data of the lowlevel.library with the USB stream. This only works, if the connected device on the original Amiga ports is NOT a mouse (because then the streams are incompatible). Merging should be the preferred method, because it leaves the original joysticks working. * Disable: Turns off the port for the application. * Analogue Hack: Tells Poseidon to force reporting of analogue data at the port. Please note that this only works with programs that understand the analogue data, because it's an extension to the original lowlevel.library standard made by Commodore. If you want to incorporate this feature in your software, just contact me and I will send you the necessary information. * Rumble Port: As addition to the analogue data, the HID class supports applications and games that want to utilize a rumble pack or force feedback motors in the gamepads. This field selects to which lowlevel port the hid device responds, when attempting to use the rumble pack. Normally, this corresponds to the port that has been set in the actions for the joypad. *How to change joystick port assignment? The low level library supports up to four ports. Port 0 is usually used by the mouse, port 1 is the standard port for joysticks/joypads. By default a connected USB joystick is present in Port 1. To change its location to Port 0 you need to use Trident preferences. Open Trident and go to Devices window. Select your controller from the list and then click on Settings button. This will open a new window. On the "General" tab find the "Lowlevel Library Joypad Emulation" section. Port 1 should be set as either "Merge with USB" or "Override with USB". Change this setting to "Don't touch". Change Port 0 setting to "Merge with USB". Go to "Actions" tab. In the "Reports and collection" select first entry named "Joystick". in the "Usage items" select "X axis". Go to "Performed actions" area. On the left there will be a list of triggers. Each of them should have (port1) in their params. Click on the first trigger and using buttons to the right of the list change port1 into port 0. Repeat this for all triggers and for all items on "Usage items" list. *How to make joystick simulate keyboard keys? With Poseidon it is possible to make the joystick simulate the keyboard pressings. This might enable using joystick for playing games which only have keyboard support. This feature is configured in Trident preferences. Open Trident and go to Devices window. Select your controller from the list and then click on Settings button. This will open a new window. Go to "Actions" tab. On the right top window select X axis. On the left bottom list select an entry "Digital Joystick, Push left(port 1)". On the panel to the right change "Digital joystick" into "Raw Key". A list of keys will be displayed. Select key you wish to send. Repeat the same procedure for "Digital Joystick, Release left (port 1)" option but this time check "Send key up even instead of key down". Open shell and move your joystick to the left - your selected letter should appear in the shell. *Analogue in Trident Prefs * Open the Trident USB Prefs -> Devices -> Select your joypad -> Settings button -> Action TAB * See some "axis" listed under "Usage items" in the top right of the window. They are your analog stick(s) * Check [x] Track Incoming Events which is half way down the window on the left And you should see some axis activity in "Usage items" when you move the analog stick *Actions HID class item -> Settings -> HID Class Window -> Action Tab -> Action handling area Reports and collections -> Usage Items -> Performed actions Qualifier keys are *special*. You don't only need to create the actual keypress but also modify the qualifiers. Go to the keyboard panel and find the windows menu key by enabling key tracking and pressing the windows menu key. Then assign the right amiga key to it. Go to the actions panel and find the right amiga key (it's called "Keyboard right GUI"). Remember the actions stored there, best write them down in exact order. Then delete them. Find the windows menu item and add the missing qualifier action. Be sure the parameters are exactly the same and the order is right. Set them to Raw, then assign an up and down button for each character, etc. when you change the settings to RAW so you can assign keyboard strokes. it will always say, KEYDOWN or what ever on the left, it never provides and option for key release. The problem still remains though that if I try to assign the Directional Pad (Hat) to Arrow Keys, that things will get screwed up and you either can not move with the directional PAD (HAT), or movements are assigned to the Left Analog, and do not work as they should, it's as if the right and down arrow keys are ALWAYS On, regardless of the fact that I did indeed assign a Key release command to each input. check that by pressing analog directions and see the current values, and the thresholds configured in poseidon to bind them to left/right/up/down. misconfigured too much stuff in the HID settings, you can always go in poseidon->config list entry and delete the config item related to your device (or the HID class setting itself), back to basics. *Rumble in Trident Prefs Open Trident Prefs and click on the Devices option in the left hand window. Click with the mouse once on your gamepad choice on the right hand side and again on the Settings button below. In the new window, select the '''General''' TAB and half way down on the right there is an "Open Now" button in the section "HID output control window". Clicking on that button opens another window (HID Control) with sliders for the two rumble engines inside the controllers and you can test if they work. '''Sometimes clicking that button does nothing, other times it will open the window and say nothing is detected.''' The leftmost two sliders do nothing, the third one has a large rumble effect, and the fourth one has a small rumble effect. ===Graphic Drawing Tablet=== There is a standard in HID for tablets possibly mouse type. If the tablet is HID conforming in that sense, it should work. Aiptek does a fairly good job at this. The other competitor, Wacom, didn't pay too much attention to this and simply adapted their legacy serial protocol into HID in a very awkward way. Older Wacom tablets have worked with the special support in the HID class, but not the more recent ones. to use graphic tablets fully, applications need to be written that make use of the AmigaOS NewTablet events (which AROS has) * Entry level - A6 (6x4) work area * Medium A5 (6x8) A4 (10x7) size (recommended but only a few ie years 2000 to 2003 models supported) * Semi Pro A3 (12x9) * Pro Cintiq * 2005/6 Some support added for Wacom tablets * 2008 Wacom's patent on battery free pens expires {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | <!--Description-->Micrograf Tabby (late 1980s and early 1990s) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|Serial RS232 based }} |- | <!--Description-->podscat pt 3030 graphics tablet | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|Serial RS232 based }} |- | <!--Description-->Summagraphics | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|Serial RS232 based }} |- | <!--Description-->Wacom IV compatible (Graphire, ArtPad, A3, A4, A5 and PenPartner CT-0405-P - Wacom intuos GD-0405-R) Waycom Digitiser II UD-0608-R | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|Serial RS232 based }} |- | <!--Description-->Wacom Artpad II (KT-0405-R) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|Serial RS232 based }} |- | <!--Description-->AceCad boards | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|Serial RS232 based }} |- | <!--Description-->AipTek HyperPen 6000 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|Serial RS232 based }} |- | <!--Description-->Calcomp | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|Serial RS232 based }} |- | <!--Description-->AipTek HyperPen 8000 - Aldi/Medion MD 9310 and Aldi/Tevion LT 9310 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|Serial RS232 based }} |- | <!--Description-->Tablet PC penabled | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|Serial RS232 based like x61t X60t NC4200 NC4400 }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|Serial RS232 based }} |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Opinion |- | <!--Description--> * Wacom PenPartner * PenPartner 2 * PenStation 2 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x056a | <!--Product ID-->0x0000 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Wacom Graphire - Wacom Tablet ET-0405-U UV1.1-1 (Slate Blue) ET-0405UL (lime) (orange) (red) (purple) | <!--Vendor ID-->0x056A | <!--Product ID-->0X0010 | <!--Revision-->0100 | <!--Opinion-->{{Yes|late 90s with A6 size - [Wacom Support] of X-axis 00000-10205 Y-AXIS 0000-7421 Tip Pressure 000-511 under Trident prefs. Air pen mouse type movements }} |- | <!--Description--> * Grapphire 2 4x5 ET-0405A-U UV2.0-3 (Steel Blue) * Graphire 2 5x7 ET-0507A | <!--Vendor ID-->0x056A | <!--Product ID-->0x0011 and 0x0012 | <!--Revision-->0110 | <!--Opinion-->{{Yes|A6 and A5 versions - [Wacom Support] of X-axis 00000-10205 Y-AXIS 0000-7421 Tip Pressure 000-511. Air pen mouse type movements - mouse EC-120-0K tested}} |- | <!--Description-->Wacom Graphire 3 * cte-430/w 4x5 pearl sapphire * cte 630 6x8 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x056A | <!--Product ID-->0x0013 and 0x0014 | <!--Revision-->0314 | <!--Opinion-->{{Yes|A6 and A5 size - [Wacom Support] Xaxis 0-10207 yaxis 0-7423 tip pressure 0-511 and the erase end appears to respond but avoid bluetooth BT versions }} |- | Wacom Graphire 4 * cte-440/B Blue cte 440/s Silver 4x5 * cte-640 6x8 cte 640 u 0403 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x056A | <!--Product ID-->0x0015 and 0x0016 | <!--Revision-->403 | {{Yes|A6 and A5 work area detected [Wacom Support] x-axis 0000-10207 Y axis 0000-7423 Tip Pressure 000-511 and delete rub out end of the pencil seems detected but avoid bluetooth BT versions }} |- | <!--Description--> * Wacom Intuos 4x5 GD-0405 * Intuos 6x8 GD-0608 * Intuos 9x12 GD-0912 * Intuos 12x12 GD-1212-U * Intuos 12x18 GD-1218 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID-->0x0020 0x0021 0x0022 0x0023 0x0024 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{Yes|detected and responses delivered back - x axis up to 30479 and y axis 31679, tip pressure up to 1023 and x and y tilt up to 127 - Wacom intuos GD-0912-A for Apple Macs NOT SUPPORTED}} |- | <!--Description--> * Intuos 2 4x5 A6 - XD-0405-U * Intuos 2 6x8 A5 - xd 0608u uoc * Intuos 2 9x12 XD-0912-U * Intuos 2 12x12 XD-1212-U * Intuos 2 12x18 XD-1218-U | <!--Vendor ID-->0x056a | <!--Product ID-->0x0041 0x0042 0x0043 0x0044 0x0045 | <!--Revision-->0126 | <!--Opinion-->{{No|various sizes and recognised as [Wacom Support] but not working. x-axis 00000-20319 y-axis 00000-16239 tip presure 0000-1023 x-tilt y-tilt 000-127. HID mouse xc-100-03 works but never could use it as a real tablet with pressure with TVPaint 3.6 }} |- | <!--Description--> * Intuos 3 4x5 (PTZ-430) * Intuos 3 4x6 (PTZ-431W ) * Intuos 3 6x8 (PTZ-630 PTZ630) * Intuos 3 6x11 (PTZ-631W A3 wide) * Intuos 3 9x12 (A4 PTZ-930 PTZ930) * Intuos 3 | <!--Vendor ID-->056a | <!--Product ID-->0x00b0 0x00b1 0x00b2 0x00b3 0x00b4 0x00b5 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No}} Actions in HID setup window definitively locks the Pointer (mouse) reports settings and even after a clear and save, nothing changes, the configuration returns to default values. "[Wacom]" reports don't see any events from the tablet, even with "Pointer" reports cleared and save, so is locked a in "mouse" state - but can send a special command to the tablet in order to put it into a special vendor mode. This mode enables Wacom specificities like pressure, tilt, absolute position, buttons, etc... you should send an HID report feature with ReportID=2 and data=2, the current HID class driver doesn't give a way to change that, even using the "initial startup actions" item in the extra collection. No listed features work |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | Wacom Volito - Promethean FT-0405-U06 UV1.4-1 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x056A | <!--Product ID-->0x0060 | <!--Revision-->0141 | <!--Opinion-->{{Yes|A6 work area with [Wacom Support] of x-axis 0000-5103 Y axis 0000-3711 Tip Pressure 000-511. Air and touch mouse movement - appears to be the budget option with some but limited features}} |- | <!--Description-->Wacom Volito 2 * CTF-??? 2x3 * CTF-420G CTF-420 V2.0-0 4x5 * Serif Penabled 6742 rebadge of CTF 420/020-B CTF-420/02 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x056A | <!--Product ID-->0x0062 | <!--Revision-->0200 | <!--Opinion-->{{Yes|A6 work area with [Wacom Support] of x-axis 0000-5103 Y axis 0000-3711 Tip Pressure 000-511. Air and touch mouse movement - no erase function on the end of the pen - nylon nibs value option}} |- | <!--Description--> * Wacom PL-400 LCD * PL-500 * PL-510 * PL-550 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID-->0x0030 0x0031 0x0032 0x0034 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> * PL-600 * PL-600 SX * PL-700 * PL-710 * PL-800 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID-->0x0033 0x0035 0x0036 0x0037 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Wacom Cintiq 21 UX and Cintiq Partner DTF-720 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Opinion |- | <!--Description-->Wacom PenTablet Bamboo (MTE), Bamboo Craft (CTH), Bamboo Fun (CTE), Bamboo Pen (CTL) and Bamboo Pen & Touch (CTH) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | Wacom Bamboo Fun Medium CTE-650 | | 0x0018 | | {{Maybe|[http://www.a1k.org/forum/showthread.php?t=11432 works on a1k forum]}} |- | <!--Description-->Bamboo Fun Small CTE-450 white | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID-->0x0017 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Wacom Bamboo One CTF-430 V2.0-0 CTF 430/S | <!--Vendor ID-->0x056A | <!--Product ID-->0x0069 | <!--Revision-->0200 | <!--Opinion-->{{Maybe|A5 wired air pen and acts like a mouse only}} |- | <!--Description-->Wacom Intuos 4 * Small PTK-440 PTK-540 * Medium - PTK-640 - PTK 540WL Wireless - | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested Intuos4 surface sheet was revised in October 2010 to reduce nib wear}} |- | <!--Description-->Wacom Intuos 5 Touch * * Medium - PTH-650 - USB Wired and Wireless Kit | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID-->0x0027 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested work, however wireless may glitch or drag }} |- | <!--Description-->Wacom Intuos Pro Medium - PTH-651 - | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Bamboo Small Pen Tablet - MTE 450 MTE-450A (MTE-450/k) - | <!--Vendor ID-->0x056A | <!--Product ID-->0x0065 | <!--Revision-->0116 | <!--Opinion-->{{Maybe|A6 work area - mouse movement but no pen detection except x-axis 2 to -2 and y-axis 2 to -2 - mini usb lead - 4 blue led lit buttons not detected as well as circular touch button?? }} |- | <!--Description-->Bamboo Pen CTL 460 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested all Bamboo versions were criticized for the drawing surface's roughness (which got smoother over time), which caused the small pressure-sensitive 'nib' to wear down, and become slanted or scratchy in the same way as pencil lead, albeit more slowly}} |- | <!--Description-->Wacom Bamboo Fun CTH-461/S wired | <!--Vendor ID-->0x056A | <!--Product ID-->0x00D2 | <!--Revision-->0106 | <!--Opinion-->{{Maybe|A6 size - Pen tracking not working but finger touch works }} |- | <!--Description-->Wacom Bamboo Connect Pen Tablet CTL-470 CTL-470K 470-DE | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->CTH 470K | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Wacom CTH 480/S wireless | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} lithium battery for pad - |- | <!--Description-->Wacom Intuos Pen Small CTL-480/S CTL 480 K wired | <!--Vendor ID-->0x056A | <!--Product ID-->0x030E | <!--Revision-->0200 | <!--Opinion-->{{No|A5 detected as Intuos PS but not working although the RHS blue led responds to pen on tablet }} |- | <!--Description-->CTH 490 PK S Photo - CTH-490CK-S Comic - CTH-490AK-S Art | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested lower hovering height pen nibs wear fast and input lag/responsiveness}} |- | <!--Description-->Intuos Pen & Touch Medium - CTH-680 - USB Wired and Wireless Kit work | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Wacom Intuos Pro (PTH-660 and PTH-860) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Opinion |- | <!--Description-->Waltop Media Tablet 10.6" Genius G-Pen M609 Genius G-Pen M609X iVista Media Tablet 10.6 Aiptek MediaTablet 10000u | <!--Vendor ID-->172f:0501 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Slim Tablet 12.1" | <!--Vendor ID-->0x172F | <!--Product ID-->0x0034 | <!--Revision-->0x1105 | <!--Opinion-->{{yes|works}} |- | <!--Description-->Waltop Media Tablet 12 by 9" Aiptek HyperPen 12000u T-12000U Tablet Series Nisis T-12000u USB Tablet Series Version 1.05 (aiptek rebadged) Trust item #1535 ADESSO Cyber Tablet 12000 Graphic design tablet iVista Media Tablet 12 PENTAGRAM O'pen Wide P 2003 Genius G-Pen M712 | <!--Vendor ID-->172f:0500, 0x08ca | <!--Product ID-->0x0010 | <!--Revision-->0105 | <!--Opinion-->{{Yes|detected with Nisis/Aiptek functioning as a tablet, untested with others - Puck (mouse) x axis 0000 to 6000 y axis 0000 to 6000 - stylus (pen) x axis 00000 to 12000 y axis 00000 to 12000 tip pressure 0000 to 1023 - 16 function keys - AAA battery needed for pen and another for the mouse}} |- | <!--Description-->Waltop Media Tablet 14.1" v5.1e Genius G-Pen M714X Aiptek MediaTablet 14000u WMK-H141 Trust item #15358 Adesso CyberTablet 14000 M14 iVista Media Tablet 14.1 PENTAGRAM O'pen Wide P 2004 | <!--Vendor ID-->0X172f | <!--Product ID-->0X0500 | <!--Revision-->0114 | <!--Opinion-->{{Yes|detected with Nisis/Aiptek functioning as a tablet - Stylus (Pen) X 16838 Y 16838 Tip Pressure 1023 }} |- | <!--Description-->Waltop PID 0038 Genius G-Pen F509 Manhattan 177405 | <!--Vendor ID-->172f:0038 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Waltop PID 0052 Yiynova MSP19 | <!--Vendor ID-->172f:0052 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Waltop Q Pad Aiptek HyperPen Mini NGS Flexi Style VisTablet PenPad iVistaTablet Q Flex Pad Bravod Q-PD65-S Trust Flex Design Tablet (#16937) | <!--Vendor ID-->172f:0037 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Waltop Sirius Battery Free Tablet VisTablet Muse PENTAGRAM Designer P 2700 Princeton PTB-S1BK | <!--Vendor ID-->172f:0502 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Waltop Slim Tablet 12.1" Genius G-Pen F610 Trust Slimline Widescreen Tablet (#16529) VisTablet Original 12" Adesso CyberTablet Z12 Adesso CT-Z12A PenPower Tooya Pro Aiptek Slim 12.1 Inch Aiptek SlimTablet 600u Premium II NGS Slim Proguess iVistaTablet Slim 12.1 PENTAGRAM ThinType P 2006 | <!--Vendor ID-->172f:0034 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Waltop Slim Tablet 5.8" Genius G-Pen F350 Trust item #16485 VisTablet Mini iVistaTablet Slim 5.8 | <!--Vendor ID-->172f:0032 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Waltop Venus S Tablet Trust eBrush Widescreen Tablet (#17939) | <!--Vendor ID-->172f:0503 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Aiptek GmBH MediaTablet Ultimate II - 16:10 Professional Graphic Tablet Model 1400U | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Opinion |- | <!--Description-->Hanvon Beijing HanWang HW Micro Drawing Tablet ET0504U | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0b57 | <!--Product ID-->0x8030 | <!--Revision-->01111 | <!--Opinion-->{{No|does not work - recognised as an HID mouse - no tablet extensions detected}} |- | <!--Description-->KYE EasyPen 340, Genius EasyPen 340 | <!--Vendor ID-->0458:5014 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|untested }} |- |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Opinion |- | Aiptek Hyper Pen 6000u PC Tablet APT | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | {{No|detected but does not work - win98 era cordless 6in by 4.5in - }} |- | <!--Description-->nisis T-8000U APT-2 Aiptek rebadge | <!--Vendor ID-->0x08CA | <!--Product ID-->0x0021 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|A5 detected but no responses }} |- | <!--Description-->Acecad Flair II GT-504 Init Fkt Fkt 0x5ab450c0 AIPTEK HyperPen 10000 U Aiptek HyperPen 10000U, AIPTEK Slim Tablet U600 Premium II | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0460 | <!--Product ID-->0x0004 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Ace Cad Enterprise Co., Ltd Tablet - 5x3.75 drawing area | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0460 | <!--Product ID-->0x0004 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Bosto's | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} UCLogic Digitizer |- | <!--Description-->Adesso CyberTablet Z7, Adesso CyberTablet 12000, Adesso CT-12000A | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->UC-Logic / Lapazz WP8060, UC-Logic / Lapazz PF1209, UC-Logic / Lapazz Artistic Tablet 5540, Manhattan 8"x6", Manhattan 3"x4", Manhattan | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested but suspect not working}} |- | <!--Description-->DigiPro 5.5×4” Graphics Tablet Digital Ink Pad (A4 format) DigiPro WP8060, DigiPro WP5540, | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Genius G-pen G-Pen 4500 Genius Wizardpen Genius Mousepen Genius Easypen i405 M610 Genius PenSketch 9x12, Genius MousePen i608, Genius MousePen 8x6, Genius MousePen / WizardPen 5x4, | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Genius G-Pen F610 Genius G-Pen M610 Genius G-Pen 340 (UC-LOGIC Tablet WP4030U) Genius G-Pen 450 (UC-LOGIC Tablet WP5540U) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Genius UC-LOGIC iBall Tablet PF8060 iBall Iball Pen Tablet 8060U, Iball Pen Tablet 5540U, Iball Pen Tablet 4030U, Iball Design Tablet PF1209, NGS CADBOY (UC-LOGIC Tablet WP5540U) Pentagram QWare | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Trust TB-3100 Trust TB-5300 Trust 15356 Trust TB-6300 Trust 15357 WP8060U Slimline but bulky with metal backing A5 size Trust 16486, Trust 16447, Sketch Design Tablet, | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|clashes with usb and crashes AROS }} |- | <!--Description-->UC-Logic Tablet WP1062 Aiptek HyperPen 10000U Monoprice 10X6.25 Inches Graphic Drawing Tablet Pickle 10x6.25 Inch Graphic Drawing tabletguess | <!--Vendor ID-->5543:0064 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Opinion |- | [ VTech KidiPhoto Art Studio] | | | | {{yes|works}} |- |} Tablet has a squared lines of wires which induce a current into the pen which is then detected by the metal grid in the tablet pad. Tablets report pressure (and tilt on expensive models) and are absolute pointing devices (put the pen at the top left and the mouse pointer will go to the top left of the screen). Graphic drawing area, what keys, report rate, resolution lpi lpmm, accuracy, pressure levels (may come from the app), origin position, Wacom tablets use electromagnetic resonance technology. Since the tablet provides power to the pen through resonant inductive coupling, no power is required for the pointing device. As a result, no batteries are inside the pen (or the accompanying puck), making them lighter and slimmer. Under the tablet's surface (or LCD in the case of the Cintiq) is a printed circuit board with a grid of multiple send/receive coils and a magnetic reflector attached behind the grid. In send mode, the tablet generates a close-coupled electromagnetic field (also known as a B-field) at a frequency of 531&nbsp;kHz. This close-coupled field stimulates oscillation in the pen's coil/capacitor (LC) circuit when brought into range of the B-field. Any excess resonant electromagnetic energy is reflected back to the tablet. In receive mode, the energy of the resonant circuit’s oscillations in the pen is detected by the tablet's grid. This information is analyzed by the computer to determine the pen's position, by interpolation and Fourier analysis of the signal intensity. In addition, the pen communicates information such as pen tip pressure, side-switch status, tip vs. eraser orientation and ID number (to differentiate between different pens, mice, etc.). For example, applying more or less pressure to the tip of the pen changes the value of the pen's timing circuit capacitor. This signal change can be communicated in an analog or digital method. An analog implementation modulates the phase angle of the resonant frequency, while a digital method is communicated to a modulator that distributes the information digitally. The tablet forwards this and other relevant tool information in packets, up to 200 times per second, to the computer. If you disable (delete all of them except for one that needs to be set to "no action", so that it will not be regenerated as default) the Extra Startup actions, the tablet should remain in relative mouse mode—you will not get pressure information in that mode though. [http://tech.groups.yahoo.com/group/highway_usb/message/2394]}} === Handheld Barcode Scanner Readers === {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | <!--Description-->Farsun 9100 barcode scanner 0-12" | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Motorola Symbol LS2203 CMOS | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Tysso | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested Simple}} Code 11, Code 39, Code 93, Code 128, Coda Bar, UPC-A, UPC-E, EAN-8, EAN-13, MSI/Plessey, Telepen, Interleaved 2 of 5, Industrial 2 of 5, Matrix 2 of 5 |- | <!--Description-->Unitech MS320 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Wasp WCS3905 CCD 1" | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} Code 93, Matrix 2 of 5, Industrial 2 of 5, Code 39, UCC/EAN-128, ISBN, Code 32, EAN/JAN-8 , EAN/JAN-13 , UPC-A, UPC-E, Codabar, Code 128, Code 11, Interleaved 2 of 5, MSI-Plessey, China Post, IATA 2 of 5, ISSN, UK-Plessey |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Opinion |- | <!--Description-->Datalogic Touch 90 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Intermec | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Honeywell Metrologic MK9540-32A38 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Motorola LS2208 Laser | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Wasp WWS800 Laser 1D | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Opinion |- | <!--Description-->Datalogic GD4130-BK-C066 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Honeywell 1202G-1USB-5 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Motorola / Symbol DS6707-DC20007ZZR | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Opinion |- | <!--Description-->DataMan 8000 2D | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Honeywell Voyager 9520/40 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Metrologic MS1690 USB 2D Barcode Scanner | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} QR Code GS1 Databar PDF417 |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Syscan GM800 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- |} [http://www.scandit.com/2011/11/04/types-of-barcodes-choosing-the-right-barcode-type-ean-upc-code128-itf-14-or-code39/ Types of Barcode] <pre> UPC-A Grocery most common Code 128 EAN-13 Library Books ISBN & ISSN, Code 39 Codabar blood bank, 2D barcodes such as Data Matrix PDF417e Maxicode Aztec QR Code old Nokia handsets, MicroPDF417 </pre> ===TouchScreens=== Projected capacitive (PCAP) touch screen product, amongst many options the widely used are I2C and USB *USB host–device structure which dominates consumer and industrial electronics devices where higher bandwidth needed and user-friendly (multiswipes) *I2C Inter-Integrated Circuit simple serial standard for LCD display in embedded systems because of cost and low power *SPI arduino and rpi single boards We cover the USB here {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | eGalax Touch 4a | 0eef | 0001 | 0001 | {{yes|2009 works}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Lilliput HDMI Monitors 669GL-70NP/C/T (7 inch) 869GL-80NP/C/T (8 inch) FA1011-NP/C/T (10 inch) FA1046-NP/C/T (10 inch) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Iilyama Prolite Monitors PROLITE T1513SR-1 (15 inch) PROLITE T1730 (17 inch) PROLITE T1713SR-1 (17 inch) PROLITE T1913SR-1 (19 inch) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Smart Display Company (SDC) Touchscreens TFT Monitors TOUCH-TFT-TS07 (7 inch) TOUCH-TFT-TS08 (8 inch) TOUCH-TFT-TS10 (10 inch) TOUCH-TFT-TS12 (12 inch) TOUCH-TFT-TS15 (15 inch) TOUCH-TFT-TS17 (17 inch) TOUCH-TFT-TS19W (19 inch wide) TOUCH-TFT-TS22W (22 inch wide) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->XENARC Monitors 7 inch models 700TSH 700TSU 700TSV 702TSV 705TSV 706TSA 700IDT MDT-X7000 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->XENARC 8 inch models: 800TSV 805TSV 10 inch models: 1020TSV 1026TSA 1040TS 12 inch models: 1200TS 1200TR | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Opinion |- | <!--Description-->Asus VT229H 21.5" | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->CUQI 7" Monitor Touchscreen 1024x600 IPS | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Espresso 15" Portable Touchscreen Display Monitor | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Hannspree HT225HPB 21.5 inch | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->WaveShare 13.3inch HDMI LCD (H) (with case) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- |} ===GPS tracking, running, cycling, biking, walking, hiking, ORIENTEERING, boaters and mapping=== Support for OpenStreetMap but not for Ordnance Survey, Map Pilot or National Geographic's Topo maps data gdb, Data output supported nmea 0183 V1.5 APA, V1.5 XTE and V2.1 GSA formats, gpx, kml/kmz, tracks from tcx files, geo: URIs, NMEA0183(which is RS232, voltages range from -15 volts to 15 volts, 4800 baud), or need NMEA sentences connected to your computer other method that some units support is a special serial cable that actually emits raw RS232 NMEA. These usually take 10->30 volts input, can run the unit, and have full voltage I/O for RS232 (not like spanner mode, which effectively turns the unit into a USB->Serial adapter inside the case). Equivalent apps - merkator, mapsource, {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | <!--Description-->Garmin gpsmap 180 GPS/chart plotter | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->1992 GARMIN GPS 55 AVD Portable System | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->Garmin GPS V | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested - waas pinpoint within 3 metres - nmea - 4AA battery}} |- | <!--Description-->Garmin GPS 12 12XL | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->Garmin Legend C | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->Garmin eMap | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|possibly through usbmodem rs232 connection nmea 0183 protocol}} |- | <!--Description-->Garmin eTrex | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} rs232 these older units supported it and would provide the stream in either the standard NMEA 0183 format or a proprietary Garmin format. |- | <!--Description-->Garmin GPS 75 AVD | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Magellan GPS Map 7000 model 45006 (1994) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Magellan GPS Tracker | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Magellan Pioneer Satellite Navigator | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Magellan GPS 300 315 320 Mentor Receiver (2003) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Not for dedicated sat nav units like the Nuvi, TomTom, etc | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Opinion |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->NaviLock NL-402U | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested u-blox 5 SuperSense® chipset with receivers for GPS, GLONASS, Galileo, BeiDou and QZSS}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->GM1-86UB | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| U-BLOX UB-6010 GGA,GSA,GSV, RMC and support VTG, GLL, TXT ublox binary and NMEA Command Dynamic Condition }} |- | <!--Description-->NAVILOCK GPS NL-602U USB | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{Yes|works via usbmodem.device - ublox ag 6 chipset - 50 channel}} |- | <!--Description-->TOPGNSS ton Receiver & Antenna GM702 u-blox 7 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{Yes|UBLOX7020 chip design bloc u-blox}} |- | <!--Description-->VK-162 G-MOUSE u blox 7 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1546 | <!--Product ID-->0x01a7 | <!--Revision-->0100 | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|UBX G70xx with RMC VTG GSV TXT GLL GGA GSA}} |- | <!--Description-->VK-172 u-blox 7 G7020-KT gps gnss white pen stick receiver - over 1 inch long | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1546 | <!--Product ID-->0x01a7 | <!--Revision-->0100 | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A| detected as cdc controlled plug in device - 18x18x2mm patch antenna but can be slow to update - nmea 0183 and ublox binary protocol}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->GlobalSat BU-353 WaterProof USB GPS Receiver | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested SiRF Star III}} |- | <!--Description-->Haicom HI-206 USB GPS receiver with RS-232 interfaces, RJ11 and PS/II connector EB | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|usb-serial prolific pl2303 detected but GSP3F SiRF Star IV technology not detected or bound}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->BT760Y, | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested Skytraq Venus 5 GPS chipset}} |- | <!--Description-->GM-65 USB GPS Receiver | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested Skytraq Venus 6 GPS chipset - 65 channel}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested Skytraq Venus 7 GPS chipset}} |- | <!--Description-->GM-65 USB GPS Receiver | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested Skytraq Venus 8 GPS chipset - 167 channels}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Opinion |- | <!--Description-->Garmin Colorado 300 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} USB |- | <!--Description-->Garmin Geko 101 201 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} limited waas enabled only - waypoints - aaa battery |- | <!--Description-->Garmin Edge 200 bike mount | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->Garmin ForeRunner 10 15 watch | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->Garmin Montana 600 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->Garmin Dakota 10 20 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->Garmin Map76s | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->Garmin Oregon 450T | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} USB nmea 0183 |- | <!--Description-->Garmin eTrex 10 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested - no nmea0183 sentences data stream output - configuration an option to set it to "Garmin" mode, or "Mass Storage" mode. Since the mass storage mode seems to be required for waypoint/track/etc data exchange, the 'Garmin' mode would be for this data stream. Yet putting it in that mode doesnt seem to produce anything.}} |- | <!--Description-->Garmin Oregon 650T | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->Garmin GPSMAP 64S | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{Maybe|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->GPSMap 78S or GPSMap 76CSX which has a NMEA port for talking to Nav equipment | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{Maybe|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->Garmin eTrex Vista Cx GPS Receiver | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested - 2AA battery}} |- | <!--Description-->Garmin GPSmap 276c | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->Magellan 2000 XL | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->Magellan | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->Magellan 3000 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->Magellan Triton 300 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} SiRFstarIII™, Antenna Type Multidirectional Patch with WAAS, EGNOS, MSAS support |- | <!--Description-->Magellan Triton 400 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- |} ==massstorage.class (MSC/UMS - most cameras and mp3 players)== === USB Card Readers === {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="15%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="5%" |Product ID ! width="5%" |Revision ! width="15%" |Installing ! width="15%" |Booting ! width="30%" |Opinion |- | A-Tec Model CR-362 | | | | <!--Installing--> | <!--Booting--> | {{N/A|untested}} |- | [http://www.belkin.com/IWCatProductPage.process?Merchant_Id=&Section_Id=200406&pcount=&Product_Id=179164 Belkin 15 in 1 Card Reader] | | | | <!--Installing--> | <!--Booting--> | {{yes|works}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Installing--> | <!--Booting--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | Conrad CP440 60 in 1 | | | | <!--Installing--> | <!--Booting--> | {{yes|works on a1k forum}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Installing--> | <!--Booting--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | Genesys Gtech Logic 19 in 1 | 0x05E3 | 0x0710 | High 0200 | <!--Installing--> | <!--Booting--> | {{yes|works}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Installing--> | <!--Booting--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | Hama 19 in 1 Card Reader | | | | <!--Installing--> | <!--Booting--> | {{yes|works}} |- | Hama 35 in 1 Card Reader | | | | <!--Installing--> | <!--Booting--> | {{yes|works}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Installing--> | <!--Booting--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Integral Single Slot SD | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Installing--> | <!--Booting--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Installing--> | <!--Booting--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Kingston USB 3.0 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Installing--> | <!--Booting--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Lexar microsd adapter | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Installing--> | <!--Booting--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} but wider than Sandisk version - could block other slot if below |- | Pretec CardDriver | | | | <!--Installing--> | <!--Booting--> | {{no|no driver}} |- | Sandisk MicroMate | | | | <!--Installing--> | <!--Booting--> | {{yes|works}} |- | <!--Description-->Sandisk MobileMate SD | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Installing--> | <!--Booting--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Sandisk MobileMate Micro | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Installing--> | <!--Booting--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} has satisfying 'click' when microsd inserted |- | <!--Description-->Sandisk MobileMate Duo MicroSD | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Installing--> | <!--Booting--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} no 'click' insertion uses pressure so future wear and tear issues |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Installing--> | <!--Booting--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Serena metal cased microsd only | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Installing--> | <!--Booting--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|Maybe}} hit or miss on quality |- | <!--Description-->Serena "Sandisk MobileMate" look-alike | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Installing--> | <!--Booting--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|Maybe}} hit or miss on quality |- | SilverCrest 16in1 | | | | <!--Installing--> | <!--Booting--> | {{yes|works}} |- | <!--Description-->Transcend | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Installing--> | <!--Booting--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Transcend P5 8 in 1 TSRDP5K | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Installing--> | <!--Booting--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Transcend P8 15 in 1 TSRDP8K | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Installing--> | <!--Booting--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Installing--> | <!--Booting--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | Zyxel integralmemory 8 in 1 | 0x0aec | 0x3260 | | <!--Installing--> | <!--Booting--> | {{no|not detected}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Installing--> | <!--Booting--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- |} === USB Hard Drives === {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | Datel MaxDrive | | | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Inateck 2.5 Inch USB 3.0 Hard Drive Disk Enclosure/ Case (FE2001) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} Full USB 3.0 port but plastic teeth keeping drive in place can snap |- | <!--Description-->Inateck case (FE2002) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} full USB 3.0 port - updated design |- | <!--Description-->Inateck case (FE3001) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} wider USB 3.0 port and no on/off switch Jmicron JMS578 chipset |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | Iomega Desktop Hard Drive 500GB, 3,5“, USB2.0 | | | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | Samsung | | | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | Samsung | | | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | Samsung T3 SSD | | | | {{N/A|untested}} USB 3.1 Gen 1 space grey / black metal/ plastic |- | Samsung T5 SSD | | | | {{N/A|untested}} USB 3.1 Gen 2 256GB 512GB alluring blue 1Tb 2Tb black unibody metal |- | Samsung | | | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | Seagate | | | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | Seagate | | | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Toshiba Canvio 1TB | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{Yes|partition fat32 or sfs to 100GB max - ntfs partitions not detected out of the box - select usb drive in trident prefs and press disable to shutdown}} |- | Verbatim 160GB Smartdisk | | | | {{yes|works }} |- | Western Digital USB | | | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->WD Essential | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->WD Passport | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- |} === USB DVD CD ROM Drives === {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->12.5mm | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Opinion |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Opinion |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->12.5mm enclosure mini-sata dvd-rw | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested needs sole usb3 port to power it}} |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Opinion |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->9.5mm enclosure ECD829 mini-sata dvd-rw with Initio Corporation INIC-1618L SATA | <!--Vendor ID-->0x13fd | <!--Product ID-->0x0840 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested but probably needs sole usb3 port to power it}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |} === USB to NGFF NVMe SDD HDD DVD CD ROM Drives === The older Jmicron JMS539B seems to result in massive filesystem corruption given the amount of corrupted content. Prehaps always avoided Jmicron and opted for Asmedia even if it costed a bit more. Realtek seems to be working okay for me generally speaking and newer Jmicron chipsets are less buggy – but evidently not perfect. From [https://goughlui.com/2025/08/17/psa-validate-your-storage-jmicron-jms583-kioxia-bg4-series-ssd-issue/ thread] Here is a [https://forums.anandtech.com/threads/stable-nvme-usb-adapter.2572973/ very long thread] that discusses data corruption and stability issues with these bridges. The majority of the posts are complaining of dropouts, hangs and the like, which usually down to either a poor USB 3.x implementation (SuperSpeed connections are very picky as to cables, ports and trace routing) or problematic compatibility. Regardless, the [https://www.legitreviews.com/jmicron-jms583-controller-version-matters-for-portable-usb-drives_219422 JMS583 is known to have several versions] noting that the last revision (C) in that article is a 2021 release which should fix earlier stability and cable quality compatibility issues. JMS583-STD-Release-v00.02.01.04-Bus Power.bin is the latest JMS583 firmware as of August 2025. Early firmware RTL9210 seems to have issues as well * RTL9210B * JMS583 rev1 with firmware A2 or A3 * RTL9210A * JMS583 firmware 2.0.9 * Asmedia ASM2362 * RTL9201A The reference Hardware ID for the JMS583 chipset from JMicron is: VID_152D&PID_0583&REV_0209 where "VID_152D" identifies a JMicron product; "PID_0583" is the generation chipset; "REV_0209" is the firmware version installed. In the same way, the reference Hardware ID for the RTL9210 from Realtek is: VID_0BDA&PID_9210&REV_3100 "VID_0BDA" is for a Realtek product, "PID_9210" is referred to the chipset and "REV_3100" to the firmware. {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | <!--Description-->ASM1153E / ASM1153 with firmware 140509_A1_82_40 or 141126_A1_EE_82. Both supports UASP and TRIM on USB 3.1 Gen.1 adapter | <!--Vendor ID-->0x174c | <!--Product ID-->0x55aa | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{maybe|works with sabrent ec-uasp}} |- | <!--Description-->ASM235CM Ugreen aluminum bridging the USB3.2 Gen2x1 to Serial ATA host interface | <!--Vendor ID-->0x174c | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Opinion |- | <!--Description-->TI 9261 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->ASM225 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x174c | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Opinion |- | <!--Description-->JMicron JMS578 issues USB 3.1 Gen.1 adapter | <!--Vendor ID-->152d | <!--Product ID-->0578 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{maybe|needs fixing on pi4 storage quirks}} |- | <!--Description-->JMicron JMS576 issues USB 3 to usb-c adapter | <!--Vendor ID-->152d | <!--Product ID-->0576 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{maybe|orico}} |- | <!--Description-->JMS562 JMicron Technology Corp | <!--Vendor ID-->152d | <!--Product ID-->0562 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->JMS561U | <!--Vendor ID-->0x152d | <!--Product ID-->0x1561 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{maybe|works with sabrent ec-uasp}} |- | <!--Description-->VL716Q4 Orico black meshed aluminum usb c | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Asmedia ASM1053E | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1B21 | <!--Product ID-->0x55aa | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->ASmedia ASM1051E | <!--Vendor ID-->0x174c | <!--Product ID-->0x55aa | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Asmedia ASM1053 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x174C | <!--Product ID-->0x1536 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Asmedia ASM104x | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1B21 | <!--Product ID-->0x1042 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Unknown Chinese version | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0bc2 | <!--Product ID-->0x2312 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{maybe|sometimes works}} |- | <!--Description-->JMicron N5321 gr | <!--Vendor ID-->0x152d | <!--Product ID-->0xa583 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Opinion |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Initio Corp INIC-1618L mini slimline sata 6 + 7 pins to usb2 adapter | <!--Vendor ID-->0x13FD | <!--Product ID-->0x0840 | <!--Revision-->0114 | <!--Opinion-->{{maybe|sometimes works mini sata to usb2 detects 201x laptop DVD as MassStorage(CD/DVD) but may need powered USB hub}} |- | <!--Description-->Unknown mini sata to usb3 adaptor | <!--Vendor ID-->0x01F75 | <!--Product ID-->0x0621 | <!--Revision-->0036 | <!--Opinion-->{{maybe|sometimes works mini sata to usb3 detects 201x notebook DVD drive as MassStorage(SCSI) but 5V 1.5Amp needs powered hub to burn }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |} === External Floppy === {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | <!--Description-->[http://techtravels.org/amiga/amigablog/ Amiga Floppy Project] | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no driver}} |- | <!--Description-->[http://aminet.net/package/driver/media/Catweasel_AROS_V1.2 Catweasel Mk4] | <!--Vendor ID-->0xE159 | <!--Product ID-->0x0001 | <!--Revision-->0x00 | <!--Opinion-->{{yes|2005 [http://archives.aros-exec.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=driver/storage works]}} |- | <!--Description-->Catweazle MK4plus | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{maybe|2010 driver for Teac are best, Sony are good, but Mitsumi don't like the Catweasel}} |- | <!--Description-->[http://hxc2001.free.fr/floppy_drive_emulator/ HxC Floppy Emulator] | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no driver}} |- | <!--Description-->[http://www.softpres.org/glossary:kryoflux KyroFlux] | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no driver}} |- | <!--Description-->Samsung SFD-321U/EP USB Floppy | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no driver}} |- | <!--Description-->[http://www.cbmstuff.com/proddetail.php?prod=SCP SuperCard Pro] | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->[https://www.facebook.com/groups/greaseweazle Greaseweazle STM hardware], [https://cowlark.com/fluxengine/index.html Greaseweasel support], [https://github.com/keirf/greaseweazle python software], [https://amigakit.amiga.store/greaseweazle-p-91279.html buy], | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->USB FLOPPY DISK DRIVE (USB External Floppy Disk) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->[https://github.com/SukkoPera/OpenFlops OpenFlops] with [https://github.com/keirf/flashfloppy FlashFloppy] Gotech clone | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->[https://github.com/hmerrett/HenryFlops HenryFlops reworked OpenFlops] | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->[https://github.com/tebl/Amiga-DrawBridge DrawBridge aka Arduino Amiga Floppy Disk Reader/Writer] | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No| arduino based hardware }} |- | <!--Description-->FL-2501 USB Portable Diskette Drive | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->2009 usb - [https://amiga.robsmithdev.co.uk/ Drawbridge] [https://github.com/RobSmithDev/ArduinoFloppyDiskReader software] ribbon cable compat with p/n 19308801-19 and s/n U356244 - model ASM P/N 27l4226 and FRU P/N 05k9283 - |- | <!--Description-->Dell Floppy Drive Module USB External 3.5" - Teac FD-05PUB 1.44mb | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->2004 usb 1.1 |- |} ==ptp.class (PTP and MTP - other cameras and mp3 players)== === Cameras === {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | <!--Description-->Canon EOS 20D | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2004 }} |- | <!--Description-->Canon 350D (also known as the Digital Rebel XT/Kiss Digital N) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2005 DIGIC II processor 8-megapixel }} |- | <!--Description-->Canon PowerShot A430 A560 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2006 }} |- | <!--Description-->Canon EOS 400D (XTi) digital SLR | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2007 }} |- | <!--Description-->Canon EOS 1000D also known as Rebel XS | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2008 10.2mp 720p }} |- | <!--Description-->Canon 450D aka Rebel Xsi | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2008 12.2mp }} |- | <!--Description-->Canon PowerShot S90 S95 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2009 2010 720p video - 10Mpixel }} |- | <!--Description-->Canon Powershot SD960 IS Digtal ELPH | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2009 Still Image: Exif 2.2 (JPEG), Movie: MOV (Image: H.264; Audio: Linear PCM) Lithium-ion Battery Pack NB-4L }} |- | <!--Description-->Canon EOS 500D aka Rebel | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2009 1080p 15.1MP Lithium }} |- | <!--Description-->Canon EOS 550D 600D aka Rebel T2i T3i DSLR | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2010-2011 1080p 18MP Lithium LP-E8 }} |- | <!--Description-->Canon Powershot S100 S110 S120 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2011-2013 720p-1080p video 12.1MP and above versions - }} |- | <!--Description-->Canon EOS 1100D DSLR Camera aka Rebel T3 SLR, EOS Kiss X50 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2011 720p 10Mpixels Lithium }} |- | <!--Description-->Canon EOS 650D 700D aka Rebel T4i T5i T6i SLR | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2012-2013 1080p 18Mpixels Lithium LP-E8 articulating flip out twistable screen }} |- | <!--Description-->Canon ELPH 300 HS (IXUS 220 HS) 230 100 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2012 blogging camera }} |- | <!--Description-->Canon PowerShot N | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2013 12.1 MP CMOS, DIGIC 5 Wifi Lithium Battery Pack NB-9L }} |- | <!--Description-->Canon Powershot G7 X, G7X-II | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2014-2016 1080p video 12.1MP and above versions - }} |- | <!--Description-->Canon EOS 1300D DSLR Camera aka Rebel T6 SLR | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2016 1080p 16Mpixels Lithium }} |- | <!--Description-->Canon Powershot G7x G5X | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| G7X flip up and G5X flip out - same batteries - no external microphone input - }} |- | <!--Description-->Canon EOS M3 M5 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| flip out - same batteries - }} |- | <!--Description-->Canon EOS 60D 70D 80D | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Canon 6D 7D 8D | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->Canon 5D Mark II III IV DSLR | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Canon | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Canon | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Fuji FinePix A850 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->FujiFilm Finepix F100fd | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Fuji FinePix F810 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Fuji xf1 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| pocketable exr cmos 12mp }} |- | <!--Description-->Fuji xt1 x-t1 x10 x-t10 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| 1080p }} |- | <!--Description-->Fujifilm x100 x100s x100t | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Fuji xPro1 xPro2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Fuji xt2 / x-t2 x-t20 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| 4K video }} |- | <!--Description-->Fuji | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Fuji | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->Fuji | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->GoPro HERO 3 HERO4 HERO 5 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Nikon | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Nikon D100, D60 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2004 Compact flash storage - non interchangeable lenses up to 12.3MP sensor }} |- | <!--Description-->Nikon D50, D50x | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2005 storage - 6.1MP sensor }} |- | <!--Description-->Nikon D70, D80, D90 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2006 Compact flash storage - 10MP sensor }} |- | <!--Description-->Nikon D40, D40x | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2007 storage - 10MP sensor }} |- | <!--Description-->Nikon D300, D700 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2008 storage - 12.3MP sensor }} |- | <!--Description-->Nikon D2Xs, D2Hs, D3 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2006-2008 storage - sensor }} |- | <!--Description-->Nikon D3000 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2008 720p video }} |- | <!--Description-->Nikon D5000 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2010 720p video unlike D3000 }} |- | <!--Description-->Nikon D6000 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2010 16mpixel}} |- | <!--Description-->Nikon D7000 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2010 16.2mp 720p video }} |- | <!--Description-->Nikon L26 L27 L28 L29 L31 Coolpix compact cameras | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2011 720p video - 2 AA - pocket sized }} |- | <!--Description-->Nikon D3100 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2011 720p video 14.2mp}} |- | <!--Description-->Nikon D5100 DSLR | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2011 16.2mp 720p}} |- | <!--Description-->Nikon L810 L820 L830 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2012-2014 720p video }} |- | <!--Description-->Nikon D4 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2012 storage - sensor }} |- | <!--Description-->Nikon D7100 D7200 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2012-2014 up to 24.2mp 1080p video }} |- | <!--Description-->Nikon D3200 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2012 1080p 24MPixel}} |- | <!--Description-->Nikon D5200 D5300 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2013 24.1MP 1080p }} |- | <!--Description-->Nikon D800 D600 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2014 1080p video sd card storage - dust/oil issue at start}} |- | <!--Description-->Nikon D3300 DSLR | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2014 24.2MP 1080p }} |- | <!--Description-->Nikon D500, a high-performance DX-format (APS-C) DSLR | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2016 }} |- | <!--Description-->Nikon D3400 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2016 24.2MP 1080p }} |- | <!--Description-->Nikon D5500 D5600 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2016-2018 24.1MP 1080p }} |- | <!--Description-->Nikon D810 D610 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2018 1080p video sd card storage }} |- | <!--Description-->Nikon D7300 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| 4K UHD video }} |- | <!--Description-->Nikon D900 D850 D820 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| 4k 46MP }} |- | <!--Description-->Nikon | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Nikon | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Olympus C-370 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2004 3.2mp }} |- | <!--Description-->Olympus Camedia C-725 Ultrazoom | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2004 3mp aa batteries, }} |- | <!--Description-->Olympus Evolt E-500 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2005 8mp }} |- | <!--Description-->Olympus | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Olympus Evolt E-410 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2007 }} |- | <!--Description-->Olympus Evolt E-510 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2007 10MP Live MOS sensor with TruePic III processor, }} |- | <!--Description-->Olympus E-420 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2008 10mp, compactflash and xD cards, }} |- | <!--Description-->Olympus E-520 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2008 10mp, compactflash and xD cards, }} |- | <!--Description-->Olympus E-620 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2009 12.3mp, compactflash, xD and microdrive cards, }} |- | <!--Description-->Olympus E-30 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2009 }} |- | <!--Description-->Olympus E-450 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2009 10mp, }} |- | <!--Description-->Olympus | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Olympus | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Pentax * ist DS DSLR camera | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2005 6.1mp }} |- | <!--Description-->Pentax K10D | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2006 10.2mp APS-C CCD no video and older manual Pentax K-mount lenses}} |- | <!--Description-->Pentax K20D | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2008 14.6MP APS-C but no video recording mode }} |- | <!--Description-->Pentax K30 K-5 II | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2012 16MP full HD (1080p) recording at 24/25/30 fps}} |- | <!--Description-->Pentax K-3 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2014 24MP 1080p }} |- | <!--Description-->Pentax K-3 II | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2015 24MP }} |- | <!--Description-->Pentax K-3 III | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2021 25.7MP BSI CMOS sensor }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Panasonic Lumix LZ10 LZ20 DMC-LZ30 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| 720p video }} |- | <!--Description-->Panasonic TZ1 TZ5 TZ9 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Panasonic Lumix GH1 GH2 like the DMC-GH2HEB-K - GH3 DMC-GH3HEB-K | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| Four Thirds (GH2) MFT Micro Four Thirds (GH3) limited to 29mins recording }} |- | <!--Description-->Panasonic AF series AF100 AF101 AF102 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Panasonic Lumix DMC-G2 DMC-G3 G5 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Panasonic TZ60 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Panasonic DMC LX7 10 LX15 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Panasonic GF7 GX8 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Panasonic G80 G85 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| micro 4/3 }} |- | <!--Description-->Panasonic GH4 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| micro 4/3 - shooting in MOV or MP4 formats recording limited to sd card size but split files because the FAT32 file system only supports files up 4GB in size, which amounts to around 5 minutes of 4K (100mbps) footage - GH4 appears to create 4GB files as a rule, regardless of whether the memory card’s file system supports larger files or not - }} |- | <!--Description-->Panasonic GH5 gx80 gx85 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| Effective: 20.3 Megapixel 5184 x 3888 - 2 sd card slots compatible with high-speed, high capacity UHS-II - sd card v rating like the v90 should record at 60MB/s to be compatible with the GH5 in the All-I format - possible file corruption with .mdt files - new firmware 2.0 update, the Panasonic GH5 becomes the first 5K - }} |- | <!--Description-->Panasonic FZ2000 FZ2500 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Panasonic | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Samsung | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Samsung WB100 WB1100 WB150 WB2200 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| 16MP }} |- | <!--Description-->Samsung NX11 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Samsung NX200, NX20, NX1000 and NX210 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| 20.3Mp APS-C sized CMOS image sensor }} |- | <!--Description-->Samsung | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Samsung | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Sanyo Xacti CG65 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Sanyo | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Sony Alpha DSLR-A100 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2005 6.1MP }} |- | <!--Description-->Sony Cyber-shot DSC camera models W110 W220 H300 H400 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2007 }} |- | <!--Description-->Sony Alpha DSLR-A200 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2008 10.2MP }} |- | <!--Description-->Sony Alpha DSLR-A230 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2009 10.2MP }} |- | <!--Description-->Sony A290 DSLR Camera | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2010 14.2MP }} |- | <!--Description-->Sony Cybershot HX20V HX30V | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2011 18mp 720p - steady shot unit / optical block can cause buzzing noise and/or jumping image in lcd / viewfinder - dots are dirt and this voids the warranty }} |- | <!--Description-->Sony Cybershot HX50V HX60V | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2012 20.2MP 1080p - steady shot unit / optical block can cause buzzing noise and/or jumping image in lcd / viewfinder - dots are dirt and this voids the warranty }} |- | <!--Description-->Sony A77 A99 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2012 }} |- | <!--Description-->Sony WX100 WX150 wx220 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2012 2014 }} |- | <!--Description-->Sony NEX-6 Sony NEX-7 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2011 16 to 24MP }} |- | <!--Description-->Sony NEX-3N Sony NEX-5N | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2013 16MP }} |- | <!--Description-->Sony α58 Sony α68 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2013 20.1 MP 2014 24mp }} |- | <!--Description-->Sony rx100 mk III | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2014 20.1MP 1.0-type back-illuminated Exmor R CMOS sensor, often after boot-up, the motor starts running for no reason for first versions' - }} |- | <!--Description-->Sony α5000 a5000 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2014 20.1 Megapixel APS-C Exmor APS HD CMOS 1080p Sony E-mount [https://github.com/ma1co/Sony-PMCA-RE hack] using [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8M4hR9HiOzM this] }} |- | <!--Description-->Sony α6000 a6000 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2014 24MP APS-C sensor }} |- | <!--Description-->Sony α7 A7S a7r a7c | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2014 mirror less - more compact }} |- | <!--Description-->Sony α77 II, α99 II, | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2015 24.3 MP, 2016 42.4mp }} |- | <!--Description-->Sony rx100 mk IV V | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2015 2016 }} |- | <!--Description-->Sony RX0 RX zero, RX0 II | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2015 2017 }} |- | <!--Description-->Sony α6500 a6500 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2016 24.2MP APS-C sensor 4K }} |- | <!--Description-->Sony α7 Alpha 7 II E-mount interchangeable lens mirrorless camera | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2017 24.2mp, }} |- | <!--Description-->Sony α7 A7Sii a7r a7c | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2018 mirror less - more compact }} |- | <!--Description-->Sony a7 III α77 ILCE7M3/B Full-Frame Mirrorless Interchangeable-Lens Camera | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2019 24.2mp, }} |- | <!--Description-->Sony ZV-1 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2021 24mm optical zoom, }} |- | <!--Description-->Sony ZV-1F | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2022 entry-level vlogging, 1-inch 20.1MP, ultra-wide 20mm f/2 prime lens}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |} <pre > Lens Mounts Canon EF EF-S Nikon F Panasonic Olympus OM Pentax DA, FA, F, A, M, and K series Fujifilm X mount </pre > <pre > Sensors APS-C S35 Full Frame 43 Four Thirds M43 MFT Micro four thirds </pre > === Digital Voice Recorder Dictaphone Dictation Machine Handheld === {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->Olympus VN-7000 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested 2011 }} |- | <!--Description-->Olympus VN-7200 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|untested 2012 no usb }} |- | <!--Description-->Olympus VN-7500 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested 2012 }} |- | <!--Description-->Olympus VN-7600 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested 2013 }} |- | <!--Description-->Olympus WS-100 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested usb}} |- | <!--Description-->Olympus VN-7700 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->Olympus VN-8600 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->Olympus VN-711PC | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->Olympus VN-712PC | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->Olympus VN-731PC | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->Olympus | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->Olympus WS-811 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested slide out usb-a - aaa battery - ok recordings }} |- | <!--Description-->Olympus VN-540PC Olympus VN-541PC | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->Philips DVT1250 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->Sony | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->Sony | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->Sony | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->Sony ICD-UX470 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->Sony ICD-UX560 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->Sony ICD-UX570 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- |} === USB eBooks Readers drm free EPUB version 2.0.1 (2007), 3.0 (2011), 3.1 (2015) or [https://www.w3.org/TR/epub-33/ 3.3 (2024)] [https://github.com/thansen0/sample-epub-minimal epub examples] formats access === EPUB file format is an open standard based on XHTML for content and XML for metadata, contained in a zip file archive PDF v2.0 in 2017, 2009 takeover by ISO Org, 1.7 in 2006 , 1.6 in 2005, 1.4 in 2001, 1.3 in 1999, 1.0 in 1993 {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="5%" |Product ID ! width="5%" |Revision ! width="15%" |Access ! width="30%" |Opinion |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Barnes and Noble Nook Simple Touch NST BNRV300 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x2080 | <!--Product ID-->0x0003 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access-->when finding the right micro usb cable that works, internal nook memory not accessible but sd card fat32 readable and writable outside | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2011 6in 600x800 e-ink 16 grayscale .jpg}} battery remove sd card and Torx T5 back top for Cameron Sino CS-BNR003SL - USA 1.2.2 md5sum 351e26527e80156183e74be2da2ce89f *nook_1_2_update.zip - 1.2.1 UK fdba3981f7f221cc5143db6329645bc2 *nook_1_2_update.zip - skip registration, Turn on the device, but do NOT start setting it up. Hold down the top right button on the front of the device and slide your finger from left to right across the top of the E Ink screen. A ‘Factory’ button should appear in the top left corner of the screen. Press it. Once in the Factory menu, hold down the top right button on the front of the device and tap the bottom right corner of the screen should now see a ‘Skip Oobe’ button. Tap that and the Nook should finally load the home screen. Poor battery management - |- | <!--Description-->Barnes and Noble Nook Simple Touch with Glowlight *2012 Nook Simple Touch with GlowLight BNRV350 *2013 Nook GlowLight BNRV500 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x2080 | <!--Product ID-->0x0004 0x0007 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2012 untested }} perform a hard reset: Turn off the nook completely, turn it on, as soon as you see the screen flash begin holding the bottom page turn buttons until the screen flashes with a message asking reset, press the 'n' key twice to start the reset - Poor battery management - |- | <!--Description-->Nook Glowlight 4 Plus 7.8-inch screen | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} Poor battery management - |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> *NOOK 1st Edition (2009-2018) BNRZ100 *NOOK Color (2010-2024) BNRV200 *NOOK Tablet (8GB/16GB) (2011-2024) BNTV250A / BNTV250 *NOOK HD (2012-2024) BNTV400 *NOOK HD+ (2012-2024) BNTV600 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Elonex 511EB | <!--Vendor ID-->045e:ffff | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2009 untested Preferences->advanced->debug device detection}} |- | <!--Description-->[https://jaforeck.wordpress.com/2012/08/05/ready-to-meet-viktor-navorski-gained-access-to-elonex-621ebs-terminal-52/ Elonex 621EB] eBook | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1f85 | <!--Product ID-->0x1688 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access-->unlocked ootb | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2010 untested usb mini charging 6" diagonal eInk Screen - 800 x 600 pixels, 8 Level 166dpi Paperlike screen, Embedded 1GB Flash NAND, full SD Card Slot up to 16GB - WAV, MP3, JPG, PNG, BMP, GIF support and ePub and PDF(with reflow) (TXT, HTML) support}} |- | <!--Description-->Elonex 700eb | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2011 untested adjust screen blanking by menu then settings then device standby, you can then turn it off}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->iRiver Story HD eBook | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} freescale imx.508 arm mcimx508cvkbb cpu with 2gb samsung nand, m13892aj charging chip, eb07_main_mp1_110321 mobo, mini usb, atheros ar61026 wifi - |- | <!--Description-->iRiver Story | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Kobo Rakuten Touch A/B kobo3 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Kobo Touch C, Kobo Mini, Kobo Glo N613, Kobo Aura HD N514 N204 kobo4 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Kobo Aura, Kobo Aura H2O, kobo5 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2013 6in untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Kobo Aura H2O Edition 2 v1, Kobo Glo HD, Kobo Touch 2.0, Kobo Aura ONE N709, Kobo Aura ONE Limited Edition, Kobo Aura Edition 2 v1 N236, kobo6 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Kobo Aura H2O Edition 2 v2, Kobo Aura Edition 2 v2, Kobo Nia, Kobo Clara HD, Kobo Forma, Kobo Libra H2O kobo7 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Kobo Elipsa, Kobo Sage kobo8 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> *Kobo Libra 2 kobo9, Kobo Clara 2E kobo10, Kobo Elipsa 2E kobo11 *Kobo Libra Colour kobo13, Kobo Clara BW, Kobo Clara Colour kobo12 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Pandigital Personal eReader aka? Papyre 6.2 very similar to BQ Avant Firmware | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2011 }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Sony PRS 300 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Sony PRS 350 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2009 epub bbeb cbz untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Sony PRS-650 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Kindle K1 D00111 - Main Menu=: Settings: Menu=: Device Info shows S/N | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1949 | <!--Product ID-->0x0002 | <!--Revision-->100 | <!--Access-->256mb | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2007 untested Marvell Xscale PXA255}} |- | <!--Description-->Kindle K2, D00511 170-1012-00, D00701 D00801 S11S01B * k2 means K2 US * k2i means K2 GW * dx means KDX US * dxi means KDX GW * dxg means KDX Graphite | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1949 | <!--Product ID-->0x0003 | <!--Revision-->100 | <!--Access-->2gb unless jb | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2010 untested Freescale i.MX31 }} the Kindle is a small computer running Linux 2.6 on an ARM processor |- | <!--Description-->AMAZON Kindle D00901 3rd Gen with keyboard - Menu, Settings for S/N and then Menu again to choose Update * S/N starts B006 means k3g aka K3 3G US * S/N starts B008 means k3w aka K3 WiFi * S/N starts B00A means k3gb aka K3 3G UK EU - debug mode with ;debugON and ~help | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1949 | <!--Product ID-->0x0004 | <!--Revision-->100 | <!--Access-->{{yes|4Gb internal no access until jailbroken JB}} | <!--Opinion-->2010 with mobi and azw3 formats only - micro usb 5v 0.85a - freescale i.mx35 ARM soc with 12bit parallel interface with epson e-ink cpu, 256MB synchronous dynamic RAM, 4GB eMMC internal memory only but no sd slot, MC13892 PMIC - atheros wifi 54mbit pci-e a e keyed wifi - ?? later models wm96103 audio codec - display has 2Mbit serial memory ic on ribbon cable with 4bpp inverse grayscale display not touchscreen - 3g module - screen replacement really annoying - 4 test points near T07 = TX RX GND ? - as of 2025, JB v0.13.N, MKK2014, MKK2025, KUAL, KoReader Legacy2025, and maybe later SS v0.47.N, Python 0.14.N, Fonts v5.16.N, USBNet v0.57.N - USB-downloader mode when Vol+ is pressed during startup - Shift + Alt + M for Minesweeper - |- | <!--Description-->Amazon Kindle 4th Generation k4 D01100 two buttons, square movement and two buttons at bottom *B00E plastic back clipped in [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LV1dyNkjjro many places] and strongly taped down to battery cover | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1949 | <!--Product ID-->0x0005 | <!--Revision-->100 | <!--Access-->2gb unless jb with USB MS, USBMS aka also known as USB MSC or UMS | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2012 once back off use Torx T5 to remove battery cover screws - battery glued down S2011-001-A 515-1058-01 DR-A015 MC-265360 - Freescale i.MX508 SOC, 2Gb eMMC storage, 256MiB of LPDDR1, MC13892 PMIC - vendor modified u-boot imximage based on u-boot v2009.08 - USB-downloader mode press the fiveway down button during startup resetmykindle - as of 2025 upgrade firmware from 4.1.x and to 4.1.4, sign into account and copy jb.1.8 bits, mkk-2014, mkk-2025, kual and then uninstall kual, koreader2025 - }} |- | <!--Description-->Kindle Touch WiFi (Kindle 5th Gen) D01200 K5, KT *Once signed into an Amazon Account get S/N under Settings -> Device Options *B00F Kindle Touch 3G + WiFi (Kindle 5) (U.S. and Canada) [Mostly] *B011 Kindle Touch WiFi (Kindle 5) *B010 Kindle Touch 3G + WiFi (Kindle 5) (Europe) | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1949 | <!--Product ID-->0x0006 | <!--Revision-->100 | <!--Access-->4gb unless jb | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2013 touchscreen i.MX508 SOC, 256MiB of LPDDR1 and USB-downloader mode by the SOC microcode when a specific key is pressed during startup: the home button on model D01200 - update firmware 5.3.2 to 5.3.7.3, access account, }} |- | <!--Description-->Kindle PaperWhite 3G + WiFi (U.S.) [Mostly] PW <pre> B024 Kindle PaperWhite WiFi B01B Kindle PaperWhite 3G + WiFi (U.S.) [Mostly] B020 Kindle PaperWhite 3G + WiFi (Brazil) B01C Kindle PaperWhite 3G + WiFi (Canada) B01D Kindle PaperWhite 3G + WiFi (Europe) B01F Kindle PaperWhite 3G + WiFi (Japan) </pre> | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1949 | <!--Product ID-->0x0007 | <!--Revision-->100 | <!--Access-->2gb | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2013 Freescale i.MX508 }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1949 | <!--Product ID-->0x0008 | <!--Revision-->100 | <!--Access-->2gb | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Kindle PaperWhite 2 (2013) PW2 *B0D4, 90D4 WiFi (U.S., Intl.) *B05A, 905A WiFi (Japan) *B0D5, 90D5 3G + WiFi (U.S.) [Mostly] *B0D6, 90D6 3G + WiFi (Canada] *B0D7, 90D7 3G + WiFi (Europe) *B0D8, 90D8 3G + WiFi (Russia) *B0F2, 90F2 3G + WiFi (Japan) *B017, 9017 WiFi (4GB) (U.S., Intl.) *B060, 9060 3G + WiFi (4GB) (Europe) *B062, 9062 3G + WiFi (4GB) (U.S.) [Mostly] *B05F, 905F 3G + WiFi (4GB) (Canada) *B061, 9061 3G + WiFi (4GB) (Brazil) | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1949 | <!--Product ID-->0x0009 | <!--Revision-->100 | <!--Access-->2gb or 4gb | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| PW2 uses Freescale/NXP i.MX6 SoloLite }} |- | <!--Description-->Kindle Paperwhite 3 PW3 i.e. Kindle 7th gen *G090G1 (2015) WiFi *G090G2 (2015) 3G + WiFi (U.S.) [Mostly] *G090G4 (2015) 3G + WiFi (Mexico) *G090G5 (2015) 3G + WiFi (Europe, Australia) *G090G6 (2015) 3G + WiFi (Canada) *G090G7 (2015) 3G + WiFi (Japan) *G090KB (2015) WiFi *G090KC (2015) 3G + WiFi (Japan) *G090KE (2016) 3G + WiFi (International) White *G090KF (2016) 3G + WiFi (International) White *G090LK (2016) WiFi, 32GB (Japan) *G090LL (2016) WiFi, 32GB (Japan) White | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1949 | <!--Product ID-->0x000A | <!--Revision-->100 | <!--Access-->4gb | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| ease up glued down front bezel rim panel gently, remove 11 screws underneath and lift screen up from bottom end - battery underneath - }} |- | <!--Description-->Kindle PaperWhite 4 (2018) PW4 *G000PP, G8S0PP WiFi, 8GB *G000T6, G8S0T6 WiFi, 32GB *G000T1 WiFi+4G, 32GB *G000T2 WiFi+4G, 32GB (Europe) *G00102 WiFi, 8GB (India) *G000T3 WiFi+4G, 32GB (Japan) *G0016T, G8S16T WiFi, 8GB Twilight Blue *G0016Q, G8S16Q WiFi, 32GB Twilight Blue *G0016U WiFi, 8GB Plum *G0016V, G8S16V WiFi, 8GB Sage *G00103 WiFi, 32GB (India) *G0016R WiFi, 32GB Plum *G0016S WiFi, 32GB Sage | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1949 | <!--Product ID-->0x000B | <!--Revision-->100 | <!--Access-->8gb or 32gb | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| Freescale/NXP i.MX6 SoloLite }} |- | <!--Description-->Kindle Oasis 2 and 3 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access-->8gb or 32gb | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| NXP i.MX7D }} |- | <!--Description-->Kindle Paperwhite 5 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access-->8gb or 16gb | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| MediaTek MT8110 }} |- | <!--Description-->Kindle 11 Scribe | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access-->8gb or 16gb | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| MediaTek MT8113 }} |- | <!--Description-->Kindle Paperwhite 6 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access-->16gb or 32gb | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Kindle Paperwhite Gen 11 and 12 - Signature | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1949 | <!--Product ID-->0x0 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access-->16Gb or 32Gb | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2024 account not blocked, }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->[https://github.com/Modos-Labs Modos Labs] open source e-ink 60Hz 75Hz caster controller and glider monitor | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Xteink X3 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->[https://www.xteink.com Xteink X4] | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->2025 4.3in 220ppi no touchscreen so [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R7RuokaVauo buttons navigation] - 650mAh battery - micro-sd slot up to 512Gb covering epub, txt, and jpg in directories with [https://github.com/crosspoint-reader crosspoint reader] esp32 cpu custom rom firmware using [https://xteink.dve.al/ Flash website] on usb-c but no ecosystem store |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |} {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="15%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="5%" |Product ID ! width="5%" |Revision ! width="15%" |Access ! width="30%" |Opinion |- | <!--Description-->Amazon D01400 Kindle Fire (1st Generation) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|2010 too old }} android 2.3 and touchscreen digitizer fails often, battery SWE P/N 1002000004742 Model KC1 (EU) QP01 (US) 16.28whr, ti 257epl9l omap 4430 with elpida 88164b3pf-10-f88164b3pf or hynix, mobo ??,, DAOKC1MB8F0 Rev F, ti aic3110 audio codec, |- | <!--Description-->Amazon Fire 7in X43260 X43Z60 2nd Gen | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2012 untested FireOS Android 4 omap 4460 and PowerVR SGX540}} |- | <!--Description-->Amazon Kindle Fire HD (3rd Gen) P48WVB4 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2013 untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Amazon *Amazon Fire HD10 (2015) *Amazon Fire HD8 (2015) *Amazon Fire HD7 (2015) (5th Generation) 7 inch 8GB SV98LN *Amazon Fire HD7 (2014) *Amazon Fire HD6 (2014) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|untested android 5.1 max}} |- | <!--Description--> *Amazon Fire 10 (2017) *Amazon Fire 8 (2017) 7th Gen 8 inch SX034OT *Amazon Fire 7 (2017) (7th Generation) 7 inch 16GB (SR043KL) *Amazon Kindle Fire 7 (7th Generation) 7 inch 8GB WIFI Tablet (SR043KL) *Amazon Fire HD8 (2016) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| Android 5.1 max 7in screen resolution of 1024 x 600, }} |- | <!--Description--> *Amazon Fire 10/10+ (2021) *Amazon Fire 8/8+ (2020) *Amazon Fire 10 (2019) *Amazon Fire 7 (2019) *Amazon Kindle Fire 7 9th Gen 16GB M8S26G *Amazon Fire 8 (2018) 8th Gen 8 inch 32GB L5S83A | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| android 9 max}} |- | <!--Description-->Amazon *Amazon Fire HD 10 (2023) *Amazon Fire Max 11 (2023) *Amazon Fire 8 (2022) *Amazon Fire 7 (2022) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| android 11 max}} |- | <!--Description-->Amazon Kindle Scribe | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 }} |- | <!--Description-->Amazon | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Minimal Phone, Mudita Kompakt | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| eink }} |- | <!--Description-->Bigme B751C | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2022 android untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Bigme B7 Pro | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 }} |- | <!--Description-->Bigme B6 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 android based color eink small - 300dpi b/w 150ppi color -}} |- | <!--Description-->Bigme | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| e-ink }} |- | <!--Description-->Bigme Hibreak Pro, Hisense A9 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| e-ink}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->iFlyTech AINote | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2024 }} |- | <!--Description-->iFlyTech AINote 2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2026 }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Meebook | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Onyx Boox Page Palma | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2016 android untested }} |- | <!--Description-->Onyx Boox Leaf3C | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Onyx Boox Go Color 7 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2023 untested 7in e-ink e-reader android tablet }} |- | <!--Description-->Onyx BooxTab Ultra X C | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Onyx Boox Note Max Air4 C | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Onyx Boox Leaf5C | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Onyx Boox Poke6S | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Onyx Boox Go 10.3 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Onyx Boox MC | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| color e-ink 13.3in }} |- | <!--Description-->Onyx Boox Go 10.3 (Gen 2) Lumi | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2026 b/w eink with front light, no EMR annd capacitance pen, }} |- | <!--Description-->Onyx Moaan Pantone 6 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->reMarkable 1 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2021 untested but subscriptions needed for some features }} |- | <!--Description-->reMarkable 2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2023 untested but subscriptions needed for some features }} |- | <!--Description-->reMarkable Paper Pro Move | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2024 untested but subscriptions needed for some features }} |- | <!--Description-->reMarkable 3 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2026 untested but subscriptions needed for some features}} |- | <!--Description-->reMarkable | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Supernote A5 X2 Manta | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2022 }} |- | <!--Description-->Supernote A6 X2 Nomad | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2023 }} |- | <!--Description-->Supernote | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Tolino Vision 2 3 4 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Tolino Epos2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Viwoods AI Paper and AI Paper Mini | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Access--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |} ==printer.class== As the only printer driver that AROS supports natively is Postscript, our focus is on applications that generally output postscript formatted data for printing purposes. There has been an attempt at recent AirPrint support *Inkjet *Laser Start simple and then test every higher level... * can if you ping your printer (the IP addy is good)? * set up LPR/IPP to talk to that known good IP address. * see if you can copy a few words of plain ASCII text to the IPP/LPR device (do you have a connection)? * see if you can find a simple postscript file and then copy it to the IPP/LPR device. * see if you can set up to print directly to the IPP/LPR device (set "Output file" to PRT: or LPR:). * see if you can set up a PS printer config to the IPP/LPR device. * go back and try the tests with the other driver (LPR or IPP). See [http://www.irseesoft.de/tp_drive7.htm here] for compatibility with TP7 (TurboPrint 7) Last update 2004. Not tested under emulation. Janus-UAE, Emumiga, Amiberry etc usbparallel.device untested with USB->Centronics - The printer.class is rather 'clever'. It remembers to which unit the printers were connected (until you reboot). So if you first plug in Printer1, it gets unit 0, and Printer2 gets unit 1. If you now remove both printers and replug Printer2, it still will get unit 1 and not 0. This is used not to confuse the programs using the different units (moreover, if some program uses the usbparallel.device unit of an USB printer, and the printer is unplugged, the device unit cannot be freed immediately as the application still keeps it open). {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | Beige cream D shape centronics end (Prolific chipset?) | | | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | Belkin F5U002v1 centronics end (chipset?) | | | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | Belkin F5U002VEA v2 centronics end (Prolific PL2305L chipset) | | | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | DYNAMODE USB-C-PP-1284 USB to 36pin (Prolific 2305 chipset) | 0x067b | 0x2305 | 0x02 | {{N/A|untested but similar to BAFO below}} |- | IOGear GUC1284B | | | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | My-Link (raised ellipse on centronics plastic end) (unknown chipset) | | | | {{N/A|untested but more expensive }} |- | NEWLink (Prolific chipset?) | | | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | Targus PA096E centronics end (chipset?) | | | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | TRENDnet ware TU-P1284 | | | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | True PnP (Prolific chipset 2305) cheap 36pin Centronics (series of ridges along both short sides) | 0x067b | 0x2305 | 2.00 | {{N/A|untested on BAFO BF-1284 but reports of poor quality and lack of support on other OSs }} |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Opinion |- | Transparent See Through Blue | | | | {{N/A|untested but possible poor quality build }} |- | Dynamode USB-PARALLEL 25pin female (prolific) | 0x067b | 0x2305 | 0x02 | {{N/A|untested}} |- | FDL USB to 25pin | | | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | PlusKom USB to 25pin female connector for printer (IEEE 1284) | | | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | QinHeng Electronics (CH340S chipset) | 0x1a86 | 0x7584 | | {{N/A|untested curvy sides - flat top }} |- | StarTech | | | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | Syba SD-USB-DB25 | | | | {{N/A|untested}} |- |} Postscript interpreters (eg ghostscript) have been developed as a cheaper option which sit in between postscript data streams and non postscript printers. Ghostscript has internal printer drivers gs -h and with something like gs -sDEVICE=stcolor -r300 -sOutputFile=RAM:tempfile gs813:examples/tiger.ps copytopar ram:tempfile It checks if in RAM: exists a outputfile (Cinnamon can export to PS postscript) then it sends this via copytopar to the printer. There was only support for parport (parallel) but Terminillis added support for USB and ethernet. A big issue with using ghostscript for drivers is that data has to originate as postscript (.PS) file. gs -dSAFER -dBATCH -dNOPAUSE -sDEVICE=ljet4 -sOutputFile=RAM:tempfile RAM:file.pdf the ljet4 output device generates PCL also the pxlmono driver, which generates more generic PXL (PCL 6) gs -q -sstdout=%stderr -sDEVICE=pswrite -sOutputFile=- -dBATCH -dNOPAUSE -dPARANOIDSAFER testpage-a4.ps > test.pdf gs -q -sstdout=%stderr -sDEVICE=pxlmono -sOutputFile=- -dBATCH -dNOPAUSE -dPARANOIDSAFER test.pdf > test.pxl Printers supported by ghostscript...Explanation [http://freebooks.by.ru/view/RedHatLinux6Unleashed/rhl6u151.htm here] or [http://www.gnu.org/software/ghostscript/devices.html here] and [http://pages.cs.wisc.edu/~ghost/doc/printer.htm here] <pre> bit cljet5 ljet4d pjxl300 pxlcolor bitcmyk cljet5c ljetplus pkm pxlmono bitrgb deskjet nullpage pkmraw stp bj10e djet500 pbm pksm tiff12nc bj200 epswrite pbmraw pksmraw tiff24nc bjc600 faxg3 pcx16 png16 tiffcrle bjc800 faxg32d pcx24b png16m tiffg3 bmp16 faxg4 pcx256 png256 tiffg32d bmp16m ijs pcxcmyk pnggray tiffg4 bmp256 jpeg pcxgray pngmono tifflzw bmp32b jpeggray pcxmono pnm tiffpack bmpgray laserjet pdfwrite pnmraw uniprint bmpmono lj5gray pgm ppm x11 bmpsep1 lj5mono pgmraw ppmraw x11alpha bmpsep8 ljet2p pgnm psgray x11cmyk cdeskjet ljet3 pgnmraw psmono x11gray2 cdj550 ljet3d pj psrgb x11gray4 cdjcolor ljet4 pjxl pswrite x11mono cdjmono </pre> ==rawwrap.class - some old flatbed scanners supported== Scandal is the MUI frontend to [http://www.ppa.pl/bugtracker/ Betascan Bugtracker] and [http://aminet.net/search?query=betascan Search for Betascan scanner drivers] derived from [http://www.sane-project.org/sane-backends.html sane backends] [http://www.sane-project.org/sane-backends.html#S-EPSON2 Epson2] {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | Expression 1600 1640XL 1680 10000XL | 0x04b8 | 0x0107 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | Prefection 1200U, 1200 Photo, | 0x04b8 | 0x0104 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | Perfection 1240U | 0x04b8 | 0x010b | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{[https://amigaworld.net/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?topic_id=45760&forum=25 works]|Needs 24V 0.8A psu but in Trident, click on "Classes", then on "rawwrap.class", then on "Configure". There, under "Global", activate the Option "Bind to Vendor/Unknown Interfaces". Now go to the second tab "Default Interface" and select/enter these values: Default usbraw.device Unit: 0 Exclusive access: Yes Out NAK Timeout: 20000ms In NAK Timeout: 20000ms In Buffer Mode: No buffering Buffer Size: 36 KB Short Reads Terminate: Yes Now click on "Use as Default" and select "Devices" on the left. There, click on your scanner and click on "Class Scan". Now close Trident by clicking on "Save". }} |- | Perfection 1640SU Photo | 0x04b8 | 0x010a | 0x0104 | {{yes|works, even the transparency unit}} |- | Perfection 1650 Photo, 1660 Photo, 3200 Photo | 0x04b8 | 0x011c | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | Perfection 2400 Photo, 2450 Photo | 0x04b8 | 0x011b | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | Perfection 4870 Photo, 4990 Photo, | 0x04b8 | 0x0128 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | Perfection V700 V750 Photo | 0x04b8 | 0x012c | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | Stylus CX2800 2900 3200 3500 3600 3650 3700 3800 3900 Stylus CX4100 4200 3500 4600 4700 4800 4900 500 5100 5200 5300 5400 5900 | 0x04b8 | 0x0802 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | Stylus Office BX300F USB | 0x04b8 | 0x0848 | | {{yes| works with good scan quality}} |- |} [http://www.meier-geinitz.de/sane/gt68xx-backend/ gt68xx] scanners based on the Grandtech GT-6801 and GT-6816 "System-On-Chip" scanner chipsets {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | Artec Ultima 2000 and e+, Trust Flat Scan USB 19200 (ePlus2k.usb / Gt680xfw.usb) | 0x05d8 | 0x4002 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | Genius Colorpage Vivid3x 4x 1200x | 0x0458 | 0x2011 to 0x201f | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| (ccd548.fw)}} |- | <!--Description-->Lexmark X70 also X73 [http://subfusion.net/drivers/oslo3071b2.usb OSLO3071b2.usb] | <!--Vendor ID-->0x043d | <!--Product ID-->0x002d | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Medion/Lifetec/Tevion/Cytron MD/LT 9375 and Artec Ultima 2000, MD LT 9385 Gt680xfw.usb | <!--Vendor ID-->0x05d8 | <!--Product ID-->0x4002 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | BearPaw 2448 CS and TA Plus [http://www.meier-geinitz.de/sane/gt68xx-backend/firmware/A2Nfw.usb A2Nfw.usb] | 0x055f | 0x021a | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2009 }} |- | Mustek BearPaw 1200 CS | 0x055f | 0x021e | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| ([http://www.meier-geinitz.de/sane/gt68xx-backend/firmware/A1fw.usb A1fw.usb])}} |- | <!--Description-->Mustek 1200 CU Plus Scanner [http://www.meier-geinitz.de/sane/gt68xx-backend PS1Dfw.usb / SBSfw.usb] | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2000 }} |- | Mustek ScanExpress 1200 UB plus, Trust Compact Scan USB 19200, ScanMagic 1200 UB Plus | 0x05d8 | 0x4002 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| ([http://www.meier-geinitz.de/sane/gt68xx-backend/firmware/sbfw.usb sbfw.usb])}} |- | Mustek ScanExpress 1248 UB aka PC-World PC Line PCL-3000 | 0x055f | 0x021f | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| ([http://www.meier-geinitz.de/sane/gt68xx-backend/firmware/SBSfw.usb SBSfw.usb])}} |- | Mustek BearPaw 2400CS TA aka Goodmans GSC 12/24 | 0x055f | 0x0218 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| (Transparency adapter untested) }} |- | BearPaw 2400 CS aka TA Plus | 0x055f | 0x0219 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| (Transparency adapter) }} |- | Packard Bell Diamond 1200 Plus | 0x055f | 0x021c or 0x021b | 0x0 | {{yes|works - [http://www.meier-geinitz.de/sane/gt68xx-backend/ firmware required] but slow usb 1.1 speed with poor quality output (scanner fault not scandal)}} |- | Packard Bell Diamond 2400 Plus aka BearPaw 2400 CU Plus [http://www.meier-geinitz.de/sane/gt68xx-backend/ PS2Dfw2.usb firmware rename to PS2Dfw.usb] | 0x055f | 0x021d | 1.00 | {{yes|works slow usb 1.1 speed with ok quality output (scanner fault not scandal)}} |- | Plustek OpticPro 1248U | 0x07B3 | 0x0400 0x0401 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| (ccd548.fw)}} |- | Plustek OpticSlim 2400 | 0x07b3 | 0x0422 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| (cis3R5B1.fw)}} |- | Visioneer OneTouch 7300 | 0x04a7 | 0x0444 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| (Cis3r5b1.fw)}} |- | <!--Description-->Mustek ScanEpress 1200 UB (Plus) clone [http://www.meier-geinitz.de/sane/ use mustek_usb backend] | <!--Vendor ID-->0x055f | <!--Product ID-->0x0006 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- |} Lexmark - needs testing {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | Lexmark X1110 | | | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | Lexmark X1140 | | | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | Lexmark X1150 | | | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | Lexmark X1170 | | | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | Lexmark X1180 | | | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | Lexmark X1185 | 0x043d | 0x007c | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | Lexmark X12xx | | | | {{N/A|untested in USB1.1, not fully tested in USB2.0}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Opinion |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | Dell A920 | | | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- |} HP - no driver {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | HP ScanJet 4100C | 0x03f0 | 0x0101 | | {{no|no driver}} |- | HP ScanJet 5200C | 0x03f0 | 0x0401 | | {{no|no driver}} |- | HP ScanJet 62X0C | 0x03f0 | 0x0201 | | {{no|no driver}} |- | HP ScanJet 63X0C | 0x03f0 | 0x0601 | | {{no|no driver}} |- | HP | 0x03f0 | 0x0102, 0x0105, 0x0205, 0x0305, 0x0405 | | {{no|no driver}} |- | HP | 0x03f0 | 0x0705, 0x0805, 0x0901, 0x0a01 | | {{no|no driver}} |- | HP | 0x03f0 | 0x1205, 0x1305, 0x2005, 0x2205 | | {{no|no driver}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- |} Plustek [http://www.sane-project.org/sane-backends.html#S-PLUSTEK LM983x] - no driver {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | Plustek OticPro U12 UT12 UT16 U24 UT24 | 0x07B3 | 0x0010 to 0x0017 | | {{no|no driver}} |- | KYE/Genius Colorpage HR6-V2 HR6A HR7 HR7LE HR6X | 0x0458 | 0x2008 to 0x2016 | | {{no|no driver}} |- | Hewlett-Packard ScanJet 2100C and 2200C | 0x03F0 | 0x0505 and 0x0605 | | {{no|no driver}} |- | Mustek BearPaw 1200 and 2400 | 0x0400 | 0x1000 and 0x1001 | | {{no|no driver}} |- | UMAX 3400/3450 and 5400 | 0x1606 | 0x0050, 0x0060 and 0x0160 | | {{no|no driver}} |- | Epson Perfection 1250 and 1260 | 0x04B8 | 0x010f and 0x011d | | {{no|no driver}} |- | CANON CanoScan N650/656U N1220U D660U N670/676U N1240U LIDE20 LIDE25 LIDE30 | 0x04A9 | 0x2206 to 0x2220 | | {{no|no driver}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |} [http://snapscan.sourceforge.net/ SnapScan] - no driver {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | Acer Benq 310U, 320U, 340U | 0x4a5 | 0x0 | | {{no|no driver}} |- | Acer Benq 620U, 620UT, 640U, 640UT | 0x4a5 | 0x20 | | {{no|no driver}} |- | Acer Benq 1240 3300 4300 | 0x4a5 | 0x020 | | {{no|no driver}} |- | Agfa SnapScan e10 e20 e25 e26 e40 e42 e50 e52 | 0x06bd | 0x20 | | {{no|no driver}} |- | Epson Perfection 660 | 0x04b8 | 0x0114 | | {{no|no driver}} |- | Epson Perfection 1270 1670 | 0x04b8 | 0x0 | | {{no|no driver}} |- | Epson Perfection 2480 2580 | 0x04b8 | 0x0 | | {{no|no driver}} |- | Epson Perfection 3490 3590 | 0x04b8 | 0x0 | | {{no|no driver}} |- | Mitsubishi | 0x0 | 0x0 | | {{no|no driver}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- |} ==hub.class (self-powered and external ac powered hubs)== {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | <!--Description-->Dynamode USB-H41 4 ports | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Opinion |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | Belkin 4 Port | | | | {{yes|works}} |- | Conrad | | | | {{yes|[http://www.a1k.org/forum/showthread.php?t=11432 works on a1k forum] }} |- | DLink DUB-H4 AC Adapter | 0x05e3 | 0x0608 | High 0200 | {{maybe|WARNING Genesys Logic Hub Broken - Will cause failures with USB}} |- | [http://service.targa.co.uk/faq.php?lang_id=2&baseid=178&artdesc=SilverCrest+USB+Hub+2040&artid=760&artpic=silvercrestHUB2040.jpg SilverCrest 4-port slim USB 2.0 HUB - HUB2040 (40775) - Targa GmbH] | 0x05e3 | 0x0608 | 0901 | {{yes|works Genesys Logic, Inc., [http://service.targa.co.uk/dokumente/USB_HUB_2040_0109_manual_EN.pdf Manual]}} |- | Skymaster | 0x05e3 | 0x0605 | 060B | {{yes|works}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | No Name active 4-port | 0x1a40 | 0x0101 | 0111 | {{yes|works}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Opinion |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Thinkpad USB 3.0 Dock DU9019D1 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x17e9 | <!--Product ID-->0x4302 | <!--Revision-->0014 | <!--Opinion-->{{Maybe|works a bit}} classed as dfu.class with two further USB 2.0 hubs - USB 3.0 ports detected and work (2.0 backwards compatibility) - DisplayLink DL-3900 with VIA VL811 chipset - usb ethernet not working - two dvi not working - 20V psu 2a (40w) with a 5.5 - 2.5mm tip (no bus power) - data through a-b printer/scanner usb lead - |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Opinion |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> |- |} ==Internet== ===rndis.class USB Tethering === The rndis class provides support for Ethernet access over Remote NDIS. Most USB based devices should be supported including smartfones. Before opening Network Prefs, activate USB Tethering on the Smartfon, on Network prefs, type in usbrndis.device and tick "Start Network during system boot" and saved the configuration, the Connection is immediate no reboot is needed. When restart AROS my Smartphone deactivates the connection and to access the network again, have to reactivate it before starting the browser. {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | <!--Description-->Alcatel | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{yes|untested}} |- | Huawei U8800 | 0x12d1 | 0x1039 | | {{yes|works}} |- | <!--Description-->Huawei | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{yes|untested}} |- | HTC (Android phone) | 0x0bb4 | 0x0ffe | | {{Yes|any android phone with usb tethering option}} |- | <!--Description-->Nokia | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{yes|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->Oppo | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{yes|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->Samsung Galaxy | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{yes|untested}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Opinion |- |- | <!--Description-->iPhone | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Microsoft winPhone | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |} ===USB &rarr; ethernet lan adaptor=== *2002 playstation 2 usb1.1 era - a little support but very old and slow *2006 wii asix era - a little support but very much miss than hit *2026 usb0: or eth0: of CDC Ethernet protocol (cdcether) with Ethernet Control Model (ECM) and [https://www.usb.org/document-library/class-definitions-communication-devices-12 others like Wireless Mobile Communication Devices WMC] and later CDC EEM (Ethernet Emulation Model) and NCM (Network Control Model) are USB Communication Device Class (CDC) protocols packing more Ethernet traffic over every USB bundle. For CDC Ethernet - NCM is better than EEM is better than ECM * USB1.1 Up to 010 meg broadband (1.25MBytes/s) - ADM8511, DM9601 poor speeds * USB2.0 Up to 400 meg broadband (60MBytes/s) - MCS7830, AX88772 a little especially the 2010 apple version but buy many as very very poor odds of working one * USB3.0 Over 400 meg broadband (60+MBytes/s) - not supported at the moment SANA (Standard Amiga Network Architecture) to usb ADMtek Infineon ADM8511 Pegasus II (USB 1.1 and 10Mbit/s - Sony PlayStation 2 network adapter) {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="5%" |Product ID ! width="5%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | 3Com 3c460b | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2001 }} |- | Abocom UFE1000 / Abocom DSB650TX | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | Accton USB320-EC / Accton SpeedStream Ethernet | 0x083a | 0x0320 | <!--Revision--> | {{unk|2002 }} |- | AEI USB Fast Ethernet / Allied Telesyn AT-USB100 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2002 }} |- | ATEN UC-110T | 0x0557 | 0x4000 | | {{unk|2001 }} |- | BAFO USB To Ethernet Adapter BF-310 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2001 }} |- | Belkin F5D5050 v1 1101 | 0x050D | | <!--Revision--> | {{maybe|2002 sometimes works from old amiga.org post which is now removed}} |- | Belkin F5D5050 v2 2101 | 0x050D | 0x0121 | <!--Revision--> | {{no|2006 does not works}} |- | Belkin F5U122-PC | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | Billionton USB-100 / Billionton USBLP-100 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | Billionton USBEL-100 / Billionton USBE-100 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | Compex LinkPort/UE202A | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | D-Link DSB-H3ETX | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | D-Link DSB-650 / D-Link DSB-650TX / D-Link DSB-650TX-PNA | 0x2001 | 0x4000 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | D-Link DU-E10 / D-Link DU-E100 | 0x2001 | | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | Edimax USB Ethernet Adapter EU-4201 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | Elsa AG MicroLink USB2 Lan Ethernet adapter | 0x05cc | 0x3000 | <!--Revision-->1.01 | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | GetNet | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | GIGABYTE GN-BR402W Wireless Router | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Goodway Fellowes USB UE-120 REV:V1 UE120 ADMTek 1011594 HO2419741 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x07a6 | <!--Product ID-->0x0986 | <!--Revision-->0001 | <!--Opinion-->{{maybe|2001 USB Specification 1.1 compliant}} |- | GWC Tech USB Ethernet Adapter | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | Hawking UF100 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | HP HN210E / I/O DATA USB ETTX / Kingston KNU101TX | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | Jinco USB Ethernet Adapter 10/100 Base-T UE-110 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | Kouwell USB to Ethernet 588A | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | Linksys USB10T / TA / TX | 0x066b | 0x2202 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|untested - possible peg1/peg2}} |- | Linksys (Cisco) USB100TX / H1 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | Logitec LAN-TX/U1 H2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | [http://www.mayflash.com/psps2/ps2024/ps2024.htm Mayflash PS2024] Playstation2 compatible clone of Proxim/Farallon NetLine? | 0x07a6 | 0x8511 | <!--Revision-->1.01 | <!--Opinion-->{{maybe|works with DHCP router option on old 32bit distros but not on newer 64bit, best to go asixeth apple 2010 but buy many of them as poor success rate i.e. a lottery}} |- | Netgear FA101 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | Philips CPWUE01/00 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | Planet UE-9500 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | PlayStation 2 SCPH-10000 50000 models | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | Proxim (formerly Farallon) NetLine USB PN796-650 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | Siemens SpeedStream USB | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | SOHOware NUB100 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | SMC EZNET-USB 2202USB/ETH / SMC 2206USB/ETH | 0x0707 | 0x0100 0x0200 0x0201 | <!--Revision--> | {{unk|untested but should work very well }} |- | Surecom EP-1427X 100/10M | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | Target USB to 10/100M Fast Ethernet Converter | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Trendnet TU-ET100C | 0x07a6 | 0x8511 | <!--Revision-->0x0 | {{yes| sometimes works well, very stable}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Opinion |- | <!--Description-->Digitus USB NIC DN-3016-A | 0x07a6 | 0x8513 | 1.01 | {{unk|untested new chipset }} |- | Digitus lanusb ADM8515 | 0x07a6 | 0x8515 | 1.01 | {{unk|untested because new chipset }} |- | VE285 usblan ADMtek 8515 | 0x07a6 | 0x8515 | 1.01 | {{no|not working as new chipset }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- |} Davicom DM9601 eth (USB 1.1 and up to 10Mbit/s) {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | Davicom USB-100 see clone below | 0x0a46 | 0x9601 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2001 }} |- | [http://wiki.maemo.org/USB_to_ethernet_networking chinese translucent transparent crystal blue] but variants are also found in clear, white and black. Just over 6&nbsp;cm long. | 0x0a46 | 0x9601 | 0x0 | {{yes|2002 success can be sporadic so technically okay, but lacking in reliability. Out of 4 tested by me, only 2 worked. One case cracked open. }} |- | Corega FEther USB-TXC | 0x07aa | 0x9601 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | Dynamode USB-NIC-1427-100 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | Hirose USB-100 | 0x0a47 | 0x9601 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | KY-RS9600 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{yes|[http://www.amiga.org/forums/showpost.php?p=585358&postcount=12 works] }} |- | ShanTou ST268 USB NIC | 0x0a46 | 0x0268 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | ZT6688 USB NIC | 0x0a46 | 0x6688 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->ICS Advent DM9601 USB 2.0 10/100M Ethenet Adaptor JP1081B | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0FE6 | <!--Product ID-->0x9700 | <!--Revision-->0101 | <!--Opinion-->{{No|not working 32bit and 64bit - USB 1.1 10M ethernet}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> |- |} MosChip MCS7830 (USB 2) {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | Digitus DN-10050 | 0x9710 | 0x7830 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2004 }} |- | Edimax [http://www.edimax.co.uk/images/Image/datasheet/USB/EU-4206/EU-4206.pdf EU-4206] | | | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2005 }} |- | Speed Dragon | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | STLabs | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | StarTech Compact USB2105S [http://www.kustompcs.co.uk/acatalog/info_6790.html USB2106S] | 0x9710 | 0x7830 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2007 }} |- | Sunrich Technologies [http://www.st-lab.com/admin/upfile/UploadFile/manual/manual(u-250).zip U-250] | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2006 }} |- | Syba | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Opinion |- | <!--Description-->MCS 7832 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|2008 }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> |- |} * USB2 [https://www.asix.com.tw/en/product/USBEthernet Asix Ethernet] AX88178A, AX88772C, AX88772B, AX88772A (wii), AX88172A * USB3 AX88179A, AX88179 {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | AirLink101 AGIGAUSB | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2009 AX88172}} |- | ATEN UC210T | 0x0557 | 0x2009 | 0x | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| AX88172}} |- | <!--Description-->Billionton Systems USB2AR | <!--Vendor ID-->0x08dd | <!--Product ID-->0x90ff | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No| }} |- | <!--Description-->Buffalo LUA-U2-KTX | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0411 | <!--Product ID-->0x003d | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No| }} |- | <!--Description-->corega FEther USB2-TX | <!--Vendor ID-->0x07aa | <!--Product ID-->0x0017 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no| }} |- | D-Link DUB-E100 up to rev A4 | 0x2001 | 0x1a00 | | <!--Opinion-->{{No| }} |- | <!--Description-->D-Link DUB-E100 rev B1 onwards | 0x07d1 or 0x2001 | 0x3c05 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{Maybe|AX88172 works on Deneb with [http://amigax.com/2010/02/21/usb-ethernet-speed-test-amigaos-4-0-classic/ Amiga OS4 Classic] and [http://www.a1k.org/forum/showthread.php?t=11432 on a1k] }} |- | <!--Description-->goodway corp USB gwusb2e | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1631 | <!--Product ID-->0x6200 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Hawking UF200 | 0x07b8 | 0x420a | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->[Linksys USB200M] | 0x077b | 0x2226 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{yes|[http://www.amiga.org/forums/showpost.php?p=585601&postcount=20 works] }} |- | <!--Description-->Netgear FA120 | 0x0846 | 0x1040 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested 2002 10/100 Rev.B1" is silkscreened on the board of the device populating this entry (S/N: FA12254CB100409, date code 0508). This device may be manuf. by [http://www.cameo.com.tw/ Cameo] "AX88172 L", "F05040157", and "ED3" Chip1 ASIX AX88172 Chip2 Realtek RTL8201BL}} |- | <!--Description-->Intellinet | 0x0b95 | 0x1720 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->JVC MP-PRX1 Port Replicator | <!--Vendor ID-->0x04f1 | <!--Product ID-->0x3008 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->ST Lab USB Ethernet | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0b95 | <!--Product ID-->0x1720 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Sitecom LN-029 "USB 2.0 10/100 Ethernet adapter" | <!--Vendor ID-->0x6189 | <!--Product ID-->0x182d | <!--Revision-->0 | <!--Opinion-->{{No| }} |- | <!--Description-->Surecom EP-1427X-2 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1189 | <!--Product ID-->0x0893 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No| }} |- | <!--Description-->TrendNet TU2-ET100 v2 | 0x07b8 | 0x420a | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{Maybe|version 2}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Opinion |- | <!--Description-->A-LINK NA1GU | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| 88772}} |- | <!--Description-->AirLink101 ASOHOUSB Wii | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->AirLive EtherWe-1000U | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->APPLE AX88772 Model No. A1277 MC704LL/A P/N 825-7098-A | <!--Vendor ID-->0x05ac | <!--Product ID-->0x1402 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|2008 usb2, }} |- | <!--Description-->APPLE Model No. A1277 (MB442Z/A 0885909217434) MC704ZM/A PN 825-7579-A | <!--Vendor ID-->0x05ac | <!--Product ID-->0x1402 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{Maybe|2010 model, usb2 and controller AX88772 where prehaps 1in3 units working with owb - really poor odds i.e. a lottery, could be situation where various ethernet phy chipsets are used - press Use in network prefs after Save initial setup typing in usbasixeth.device, }} |- | <!--Description-->ASIX AX88772 bulbous casing | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0b95 | <!--Product ID-->0x7720 | <!--Revision-->0x0 | <!--Opinion-->{{maybe|2008 works on 32bit and 64bit though setup can take a few attempts but may have issues with phy ethernet chip changing, }} |- | <!--Description-->Datel Wii Lan Adapter DUS0204 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2007 }} |- | <!--Description-->EdiMax EU-4207 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2008 }} |- | <!--Description-->Goodway HE2230 Maplin ASIX 88772 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2008 }} |- | <!--Description-->Intec LAN G5626 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2008 }} |- | <!--Description-->LevelOne USB-0202 | 0x0b95 | <!--Product ID-->0x07720 | <!--Revision-->0x | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2008 }} |- | <!--Description-->LevelOne USB-0301 | 0x0b95 | <!--Product ID-->0x07720 | <!--Revision-->0x | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2009 }} |- | <!--Description-->Linksys USB200M Rev 2 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x13b1 | <!--Product ID-->0x0018 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{maybe|2008 sparsely randomly working AX88772 or with "Sana-II Meter Tool 37.11" network monitoring program, showing continuous "Bad Packet" errors which could means "CRC" errors}} |- | <!--Description-->Linksys USB300M | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{maybe|2009 AX88772 }} |- | <!--Description-->Mayflash W001 or clones Lupo/PEGA S-Wii-0680 light gray rectangular with third of one top 45 degree angled slope | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0b95 | <!--Product ID-->0x7720 | <!--Revision-->0x0 | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| may have randomly changed phy ethernet chips, }} |- | <!--Description-->Max Value MVF00446 ASIN B006EG568A | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0b95 | <!--Product ID-->0x7720 | <!--Revision-->0x0 | <!--Opinion-->{{Maybe|Trident prefs recognises as AX88772 sometimes works on 32bit and 64bit}} |- | <!--Description-->NEWLink N14050 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->NEWLink Wii-ETH USB2.0 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Nintendo Wii LAN Adaptor 2110566 and clones | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0b95 | <!--Product ID-->0x07720 | <!--Revision-->0x | <!--Opinion-->{{Maybe|Poseidon recognises as AX88772 with usbasixeth.device sometimes works seems different ethernet phy chips can be matched affecting compatibility}} |- | <!--Description-->Nyko Wii Net Connect 87024 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{yes|[http://www.amiga.org/forums/showpost.php?p=585624&postcount=22 works] }} |- | <!--Description-->0Q0 cable ethernet | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1557 | <!--Product ID-->0x7720 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Plugable USB2-E100 (2009/2010) Bulbous housing | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0b95 | <!--Product ID-->0x7720 | <!--Revision-->0x0 | <!--Opinion-->{{Maybe|Trident prefs recognises it as ax88772A and typing in usbasixeth.device sometimes works}} |- | <!--Description-->Sabrent KINAMAX | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->SpeedLink SL-3401-SGY | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->TrendNet TU2-ET100 v3 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->UGreen 20254 USB2 to 10/100 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| AX88772}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Opinion |- | <!--Description-->Afunta Apple-style White USB2.0 I/O Crest SY-ADA24005 ASIX Electronics Corp. AX88772A Fast Ethernet Adapter | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0b95 | <!--Product ID-->0x772a | <!--Revision-->0x | <!--Opinion-->{{no|usbasixeth.device accepted by network prefs but does not work}} |- | <!--Description-->Amazon Basics USB 2.0 AX88772A | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Digitus DN-10050-1 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0b95 | <!--Product ID-->0x772a | <!--Revision-->0x0 | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Edimax EU-4230 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0b95 | <!--Product ID-->0x772a | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Sabrent KINAMAX NT-USB20 AX88772A | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Opinion |- | <!--Description--> AX88772B USB 2.0 to 10/100M | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0B95 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2010 }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0B95 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->EdiMax EU-4208 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0B95 | <!--Product ID-->0x772b | <!--Revision-->0x | <!--Opinion-->{{No|Detected but not working}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0B95 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->StarTech USB2100 ASIX AX88772C | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0B95 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0B95 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->[https://www.asix.com.tw/en/product/USBEthernet/High-Speed_USB_Ethernet/AX88772D AX88772D] | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0B95 | <!--Product ID-->0x1790 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2011 }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0B95 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->[https://www.asix.com.tw/en/product/USBEthernet/High-Speed_USB_Ethernet/AX88772E AX88772E] | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0B95 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2012 }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0B95 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Opinion |- | <!--Description-->AX88178 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|2004 }} |- | <!--Description-->Plugable USB2-E1000 i.e. USB 2.0 to Gigabit Ethernet 10/100/1000 LAN | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2011 ASIX AX88178 Controller and Realtek RTL8211CL PHY}} |- | <!--Description-->AX88178A USB 2.0 to 10/100/1000M Gigabit Ethernet controller | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|2005 }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> |- |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Opinion |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->AmazonBasics USB3.0 adapter [https://github.com/nothingstopsme/AX88179_178A_Linux_Driver AX88179] | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Cable Matters SuperSpeed USB 3.0 RJ45 adapter | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Hori Nintendo Switch 1 USB3 ethernet AX88179 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0b95 | <!--Product ID-->0x1790 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|2017 AX88179 not binding to asixeth.class }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Plugable USB3-E1000 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0b95 | <!--Product ID-->0x1790 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|2020 ASIX AX88179 not binding to class, USB 3.2 Gen1 to Gigabit Ethernet controller with integrated 10/100/1000Mbps Gigabit Ethernet PHY}} |- | <!--Description-->Plugable AX88179 = [https://plugable.com/products/usb3-e1000-deal USB3-E1000] before mid-2023 or USB3-E1000; AX88179A = USBC-E1000 after mid-2023 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2022 controller is AX88179 phy is ??, }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->StarTech USB31000SPTW ax88179 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0b95 | <!--Product ID-->0x1790 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no| AX88179 not binding to asixeth.class, }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->StarTech USB31000NDS AX88179 USB-A | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->StarTech US1GC301AU AX88179 USB-c | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->StarTech US1GC30B2 AX88179A USB-c | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->StarTech USB32000SPT AX88179A USB-c Rev 1 (AX88179) Rev 2 (AX88179A) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->USB32000SPT the Lot code sticker will have a bar code accompanied by a 10 digit number. The 5th and 6th digits of this lot code number would signify the revision. (Ex. xxxx02xxxx which would indicate rev. 2) |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->SYBA SY-ADA24029 Gigabit AX88179 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No| }} may depend on the PHY chip connected to the controller chipset |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->TP-Link UE306 AX88179 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->TeckNet® Orico UL677G 10/100 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->TeckNet® UL688G USB 3.0 10/100/1000 Base-T Ethernet port | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->AX88179 178A |- | <!--Description-->Tecknet UL699G | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->TrendNet TU2-ET100 v6 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x07b8 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|no support }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->uGreen 50922 USB3-A to 100/1000 dark grey rounded barrels | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0b95 | <!--Product ID-->0x | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no| ax88179 not binding to asixeth.class, }} |- | <!--Description-->UGreen USB3-C to 100/1000 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0b95 | <!--Product ID-->0x1790 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->uGreen CR111 20256 usb3 a black plastic | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| AX88179}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Opinion |- | <!--Description--> AX88179A | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Plugable USB3-E1000 USBC-E1000 after mid-2023 i.e. AX88179A | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->StarTech USB31000SPTB | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0b95 | <!--Product ID-->0x1790 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| AX88179A USB-A, }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Opinion |- | <!--Description--> AX88179B | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |} ==USB &rarr; SerialPort Converter== *2002 some support for early revisions of PL2303 *2005 Prolific PL2303H PL-2303X and Pl-2303HX (same usb ids as pl2303) no support *2025 FTDI 232R [https://www.arosworld.org/infusions/forum/viewthread.php?thread_id=1135&highlight=232r&rowstart=20 work in progress] *2026 CDC-ACM i.e. Serial port over USB standard serialpl2303.class make sure you specify serialpl2303.device or Echo "Test" >SER1: {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | ATEN UC-232A | 0x0557 | 0x2008 | Full 0x0300 | {{N/A|untested}} |- | IOGear GUC232A | 0x0557 | 0x2008 | Full 0x0110 | {{N/A|untested}} |- | Alcatel | 0x11f7 | 0x02df | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | BAFO BF-810 | 0x067B | 0x2303 | 0x0 | {{N/A|untested}} |- | Belkin F5U103 | 0x | 0x | 0x0 | {{N/A|untested}} |- | Davibe SP611 | 0x067B | 0x2303 | 0x0 | {{N/A|untested}} |- | Dcu10 | 0x0731 | 0x0528 | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | Elcom | 0x056e | 0x5003 | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | IOData | 0x04bb | 0x0a03 | 0x0 | {{N/A|untested}} |- | Itegno | 0x0eba | 0x1080 | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | Nokia CA42 | | | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | Radioshack | 0x1453 | 0x4026 | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | Ratoc | 0x0584 | 0xb000 | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | Samsung | 0x04e8 | 0x8001 | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | Siemens DCA-510 | 0x067B | 0x2303 | 0x0 | {{N/A|untested}} |- | Sitecom CN104 | 0x6189 | 0x2068 | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | Sitecom CN116 | 0x6189 | 0x2068 | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | Some Cut Ma620 | 0x0df7 | 0x0620 | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | Speed Dragon Multimedia MS3303H | | | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | Syntech | | | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->Tripp | 0x2478 | 0x2008 | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Opinion |- | <!--Description-->Airlink101 AC-USBS | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no driver }} |- | <!--Description-->Belkin F5U103v | 0x067B | 0x2303 | 0x0 | {{no|no driver }} |- | Dynamode U232-P9 | 0x067B | 0x2303 | 300 | {{no| no driver [http://koti.mbnet.fi/lonnberg/pl2303x.html linux patch] and using lsusb -v -d 067b:2303 gave bMaxPacketSize as 64 - pl2303x }} |- | Konig CABLE-146/2 USB to RS232 | 0x067b | 0x2303 | 400 | {{no|no driver }} |- | MANHATTAN 205146 USB to Serial Converter | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no driver }} |- | Sabrent SBT-USC1M | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no driver }} |- | <!--Description-->Trendnet TU-59 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no driver }} |- | <!--Description-->Unbranded black case and lead USB 232 Converter | <!--Vendor ID-->0x067B | <!--Product ID-->0x2303 | <!--Revision-->0300 | <!--Opinion-->{{No| }} |- |} [http://www.ftdichip.com/index.html Future Technology Devices International Ltd FTDI]-FT232R.class [https://ftdichip.com/software-examples/code-examples/c-builder/ FTProg src], [http://rtr.ca/ft232r/ ft232r src], [https://ftdichip.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/DS_FT232R.pdf FT232R datasheet], [], {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no driver}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0403 | <!--Product ID-->0x6001 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no driver}} [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1GE-gKgHxZI beware of cheap clones fake with s/n A50285BI SN] |- | <!--Description-->Lynx Astro FTDI | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0403 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no driver}} FT232R |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no driver}} |- | <!--Description-->Sabrent CB-FTDI | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0403 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | {{no|no driver TTL-232R cables use FTDI's [http://n1mm.hamdocs.com/tiki-index.php?page=USB+Interface+Devices FT232RQ ic device] }} |- | <!--Description-->Startech.com 1 Port FTDI USB to Serial RS232 DB9M Adapter Cable with COM Retention ICUSB2321F | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0403 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no driver}} FT232RL Chipset |- | <!--Description-->StarTech.com 2 Port FTDI USB to Serial RS232 Adapter Cable ICUSB2322F | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0403 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no driver}} FTDI FT2232D Chipset |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Opinion |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no driver}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no driver}} FT232RL is the SSOP-28 and the FT232RQ is the QFN-32 package option |} [https://www.onetransistor.eu/2017/08/ch341a-mini-programmer-schematic.html ch341a.class] *I2C EEPROMS (3.3V and 5V) compatible and also SPI FLASH memories (3.3V devices) making sure 1.8V is covered *each having their own [https://winraid.level1techs.com/t/guide-how-to-use-a-ch341a-spi-programmer-flasher-with-pictures/33041 4x2 connection blocks] using [https://github.com/flashrom/flashrom flashrom] sudo flashrom --programmer ch341a_spi -r backup.bin sudo flashrom --programmer ch341a_spi -w <new bios name> {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | <!--Description-->Jiangsu QinHeng Ltd CH341A emulate UART communication, standard parallel port, memory parallel port and synchronous serial (I2C, SPI) | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1A86 | <!--Product ID-->0x5512 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no driver}} |- | <!--Description-->QinHeng USB2.0-Serial HL-340 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1A86 | <!--Product ID-->0x7523 | <!--Revision-->0252 | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no driver}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no driver}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no driver}} |} ==simplemidi.class and CAMD== Currently support includes * simplemidi.class SimpleMidi maps some keyboard keys to corresponding computer keys as used by music trackers to emulate a musical keyboard * camdusbmidi.class follows the rules of the m68k implementation of Commodore's CAMD midi specification and usb class compliant for * usb host like a computer, pi, etc * usb device controllers - keyboards, drum machines, djay turntables, grooveboxes, etc * interfaces - cables or boxes which convert usb to 5pin DIN plug midi What is needed is a fully class-compliant '''brand name''' USB MIDI keyboard, especially manufactured in the last 15 years are best *Arturia *Novation *M-Audio *Akai Plugging this in one of your USB ports, the camd.library will make the keyboard's MIDI IN/OUT ports available in the system. Then select the keyboard's MIDI IN port (known as a "cluster" in CAMD) for input, and the software instrument's cluster as output ShowCluster (shows midi ports available in and out) MidiWatch (usually port usbmidi.in.0 less often usbmidi.out.0) (Ctrl-C to end output stream) usbmidi.in.0 Message on channel 01, NoteOn 90 39 08 00 usbmidi.in.0 Message on channel 01, NoteOff 80 39 00 00 MidiThru (forwards messages from one port to another) run >nil: c:midithru usbmidi.out.0 usbmidi.out.2 MidiSendC (sends a middle C to a specific port) Midi Controller + Sound Module (together aka as a synth) -> Audio Output The difference between midi and midi over USB is that in old school Midi the transmitter transmits whenever it wants and the receiver always has to be prepared to receive data. Easy to do at the rate of a 1990's modem speed these days. USB over midi.. turns midi into a polled protocol.. So the USB host (typically the computer) has to ask "do you have anything for me" before the remote will send. If the USB host gets busy doing other things or there is a lot of things on the USB bus to get polled, you can get delays. For its age midi is still a great protocol for music * [https://www.usb.org/sites/default/files/midi10.pdf USBIF's "USB Device Class Definition for MIDI Devices" document, version 1.0 from Nov 1, 1999] * [https://www.usb.org/sites/default/files/USB%20MIDI%20v2_0.pdf MIDI v2.0 from 2020 which AROS still needs, adds support for MIDI 2.0, MIDI-CI, and Universal MIDI Packet] Nearly all synthesizers now use the 16 MIDI channels available on a MIDI bus in one instrument alone, requiring multiple MIDI busses in a typical setup with more than one MIDI instrument. In addition, by handling multiple "virtual" cables, USB offers a solution to go beyond MIDI's 16-channel limit. MIDI data is transferred over USB using 32-bit USB-MIDI Event Packets. These packets provide an efficient method to transfer multiple MIDI streams with fixed length messages. The 32-bit USB-MIDI Event Packet allows multiple "virtual MIDI cables" routed over the same USB endpoint. This approach minimizes the number of required endpoints. It also makes parsing MIDI events easier by packetizing the separate bytes of a MIDI event into one parsed USB-MIDI event. {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="25%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="5%" |Product ID ! width="5%" |Revision ! width="15%" |CAMD ! width="30%" |Opinion |- | <!--Description-->Computer | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD--> | <!--Opinion-->{{Yes|which acts as USB midi host to get all usb devices talking together}} |- | <!--Description-->Hobbytronics usb host standalone | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->bomebox | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->[https://neuma.studio/rpi-as-midi-host/ raspberry pi] with several midi interface(s) and linux scripting | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Kenton MIDI USB Host mk3 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |} {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="25%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="5%" |Product ID ! width="5%" |Revision ! width="15%" |CAMD ! width="30%" |Opinion |- | <!--Description-->Acorn Instruments Masterkey 49 device | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2018 untested usb powered 5V regulated - similar keybed to keystation 49es but unplug then re-plug the USB cable while it is powered the device might reconnect |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{maybe| }} | <!--Opinion--> midi keyboard controller |- | <!--Description-->Akai SynthStation 25 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion-->2010 - sticky rubber keys - usb |- | <!--Description-->Akai MPK Mini Laptop Production Keyboard | <!--Vendor ID-->0x09e8 | <!--Product ID-->0x007c | <!--Revision-->0100 | <!--CAMD-->{{Yes|detected and camd usb to use, not tested with apps}} | <!--Opinion-->2010 25 mini key self powered by mini USB lead - sustain port - no top left corner joystick - tested icaros 2.3 - |- | <!--Description-->Akai LPK25 LPK37 LPK49 Laptop Production Keyboard | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested }} | <!--Opinion-->2012 untested velocity sensitive mini keys with synth action - weak mini USB port - latency issues - |- | <!--Description-->Akai Professional APC Key 25 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion-->2012 |- | <!--Description-->Akai MPK49 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| untested}} | <!--Opinion-->2012 untested 49 key 49-key full-sized, semi-weighted keyboard with aftertouch - |- | <!--Description-->AKAI Max25 MAX49 control keyboard | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested }} | <!--Opinion-->2014 usb compliant |- | <!--Description-->Akai Professional MPK249 MPK261 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion-->2015 USB2 USB-b - full keys semi-weighted aftertouch - midi in out - sustain and peddle port |- | <!--Description-->Akai Professional Advance 49 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion-->2016 |- | <!--Description-->Akai MPK Mini MKII MK2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| untested}} | <!--Opinion-->2017 untested USB2 USB-b midi connection only - 4 way thumb joystick top left - 25 tiny keys - velocity drum pads - plastic build quality - |- | <!--Description-->AKAI Professional APC Key 25 MK2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| driver}} | <!--Opinion-->2017 |- | <!--Description-->Akai MPK Mini Play | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2021 untested USB2 USB-b midi connection only - synth basic samples - class compliant? - small led display top centre - 25 mini keys - press and hold the "Prog Select" button then use the "Program" knob to assign a MIDI channel - |- | <!--Description-->Akai MPK Mini 3 MKIII MK3 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x09E8 | <!--Product ID-->0x1049 | <!--Revision-->0200 | <!--CAMD-->{{Yes|detected audio class and bindings with camdusbmidi.class - - midi in out untested - }} | <!--Opinion-->2021 USB2 USB-b midi controller connection no 5pin legacy - small led display top centre - 25 mini keys goofy uneven feel of the akai keyboards - press and hold the "Prog Select" button and press pad 1 to 8 to assign a MIDI channel - tested on AROS One 2.4 usb |- | <!--Description-->Akai Force / MPC One | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{Maybe| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Akai Pro MPK Mini Plus | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{Maybe| }} | <!--Opinion-->2023 untested 37 mini keys - class compliant device - usb-b bus powered only with 5pin midi in and out - Shift and Global for Midi Ch - |- | <!--Description-->Akai Pro Ableton Push Mk 1 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Akai Professional MPC Key 37 49 61 midi controller | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| untested}} | <!--Opinion-->2023 untested USB2 usb-b |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion--> |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | CAMD | Opinion |- | <!--Description-->Alesis Photon PH-25 X25 Midi & USB keyboard/synth | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion-->2005 midi keyboard controller |- | <!--Description-->Alesis Q25 Q49 Q61 Q88 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{Maybe| }} | <!--Opinion-->2014 untested |- | <!--Description-->Alesis Coda Pro Portable 88-Key Digital Piano USB MIDI Keyboard | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion-->2015 |- | <!--Description-->Alesis V25 V49 V61 midi controller | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| untested}} | <!--Opinion-->2017 |- | <!--Description-->Alesis V Mini | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{Maybe| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Alesis VI49 VI61 midi controller | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{Maybe| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Alesis VX49 VX61 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion-->2016 1 5-pin MIDI input, 1 5-pin MIDI output, 1 USB port, |- | <!--Description-->Alesis Q25 Q49 Q61 Mk2 MKII | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion-->2018 |- | <!--Description-->Alesis Recital 88 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion-->2020 |- | <!--Description-->Alesis V25 V49 V61 MK2 MKII | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2022 |- | <!--Description-->Alesis Qmini portable 32-key | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion-->2023 |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->audiothingies MicroMonsta | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2016 untested synth - |- | <!--Description-->audiothingies MicroMonsta 2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2019 synth - |- | <!--Description-->Arturia Analog Experience “The Player” USB MIDI Master Keyboard Model APE25 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1C75 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion-->2010 usb-b bus powered - |- | <!--Description-->Arturia MiniLab Mk1 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1C75 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion-->2013 maybe class complaint |- | <!--Description-->Arturia MiniLab MkII Mk2 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1C75 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion-->2016 maybe class complaint |- | <!--Description-->Arturia Keystep 32 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1C75 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{Maybe| }} | <!--Opinion-->2016 untested 32 mini keys usb compliant |- | <!--Description-->Arturia KeyLab 61 88 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1C75 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{Maybe| }} | <!--Opinion-->2017 untested hammer-action Fatar keybed - reset Press and hold Oct + and Oct – buttons then insert the USB cable - |- | <!--Description-->Arturia MiniLab mkII | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1C75 | <!--Product ID-->0x2209 | <!--Revision-->0100 | <!--CAMD-->{{Yes|detected audio class and bindings with camdusbmidi.class - - midi in out untested - }} | <!--Opinion-->2017 USB2 usb-b bus power - metal base heavier than most - Shift and press a key to select the MIDI Channel - To reset to original factory, unplug the USB cable, hold down the Oct- and Oct + buttons, plug the USB cable back in and continue to hold the buttons until the pads turn white - need software to change parameters like velocity sensitive assistance - |- | <!--Description-->Arturia KeyLab MK2 MKII 61 88 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1C75 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested }} | <!--Opinion-->2017 untested hammer-action Fatar keybed |- | <!--Description-->Arturia MicroFreak | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1C75 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion-->2019 hybrid digital/analog synthesis, |- | <!--Description-->[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PeYIAfn3UMs Arturia Minilab 3] [https://www.youtube.com/shorts/chj1WgMupGw ] [https://www.youtube.com/shorts/FMVdfhzg1Dw ] | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1C75 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| untested}} | <!--Opinion-->2020 untested usb-c bus powered - 25 mini keys semi - |- | <!--Description-->Arturia Keystep Pro | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1C75 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion-->2020 |- | <!--Description-->Arturia MiniLab 3 Mk3 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1C75 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion-->2022 maybe class complaint |- | <!--Description-->Arturia MiniFreak | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1C75 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion-->2022 |- | <!--Description-->Arturia KeyLab Essential 49 61 88 mk3 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1C75 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2023 untested usb-c and 1 midi out - lack of aftertouch - |- | <!--Description-->Arturia AstroLab | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1C75 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2024 |- | <!--Description-->Arturia KeyLab MK3 MKIII 61 88 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1C75 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2025 untested hammer-action Fatar keybed |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Behringer UMX61 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{maybe|untested}} | <!--Opinion-->2007 |- | <!--Description-->Behringer U-Control UMX490 UMX610 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion-->2010 |- | <!--Description-->Behringer U-Control | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Behringer Swing 32-Key | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Behringer MOTOR 49 - 49-Key USB/MIDI Master Controller Keyboard | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion--> |- |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | CAMD | Opinion |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion--> midi keyboard controller |- | <!--Description-->Creative EMU Xboard 25 E-MU X-Board 49 61 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No|untested}} | <!--Opinion-->2008 |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->CME M-Key Mkey 49 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion-->2008 stops sending MIDI on a regular basis. The simplest "fix" is to flip it off and on via the power switch at the back |- | <!--Description-->CME Ukey U-Key | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion-->2009 |- | <!--Description-->CME Xkey | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion-->2014 low-profile aluminium full size pressure sensitive with polyphonic aftertouch but keys make too much noise and that they can be too sensitive to velocity - low power draw 25ma |- | <!--Description-->CME M-Key 49 V2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion-->2014 simplified version of the U-key Mobiltone |- | <!--Description-->CME XKEY AIR 37 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion-->2019 |- | <!--Description-->cme xkey 37 le | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion-->2020 |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{ | }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Donner Spaceline DMK-25 Donnerdeal Rantion | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Donner DMK25 PRO | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion--> 25 mini velocity keys with limited aftertouch - usb-c powered - 8 drum pads - 3.5mm "midi out" socket - |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{ | }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Elektron Digitakt | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2015 expensive later midi usb class compliant with since 1.5 Update |- | <!--Description-->Elecktron Digitone | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Elektron Digitone Keys 37-key Digital FM Synthesizer | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion-->2018 expensive |- | <!--Description-->Elektron Analog Four MKII | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Elektron Octatrak MKII | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{ | }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->ESI keycontrol | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->ESI keycontrol 49+ | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->ESI keycontrol 25xt | <!--Vendor ID-->0x2702 | <!--Product ID-->0x2702 | <!--Revision-->0100 | <!--CAMD-->{{Yes|detected and usb driver working}} | <!--Opinion-->2011 bus powered or 12v 0.5a dc in - metal base so heavy - midi out 5pin - sustain pedal port - modulation slider - rubber coated knobs becomes sticky - |- | <!--Description-->ESI keycontrol 49xt 61xt 88xt | <!--Vendor ID-->0x2702 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision-->0100 | <!--CAMD-->{{Yes|detected}} | <!--Opinion-->2011 12v 0.5a center pin +ve external psu required - USB i/o and 1 legacy 5pin out - full sized keys - heavy aluminium case keyboard metal base - |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{maybe| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Evolution MK-125 MK-149 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->2000 9v |- | <!--Description-->Evolution MK-225C MK-249C | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->2003 9v |- | <!--Description-->Evolution USB/Midi Controller MK-425C MK-449C MK-461C | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No|25, 49, 61 keys - }} | <!--Opinion-->2006 9V or 12V - |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{maybe| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> midi keyboard controller |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | CAMD | Opinion |- | <!--Description-->IK Multimedia iRig Keys Pro | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion-->2014 37 full keys |- | <!--Description-->IK Multimedia iRig Keys Pro Mobile | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion-->2014 25 or 37 mini keys |- | <!--Description-->IK Multimedia iRig Keys 2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion-->2020 mini velocity keys no aftertouch - |- | <!--Description-->IK Multimedia iRig Keys 2 PRO | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion-->2020 full velocity keys no aftertouch - |- | <!--Description-->IK Multimedia iRig Keys | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{maybe| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Kawai VPC 1 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion--> weighted keys - heavy build - |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Keith McMillen Instruments K-Board | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion--> omni class compliant to all channels? each keypad makes them velocity, pressure, and location sensitive but not really suited for piano playing |- | <!--Description-->Keith McMillen BopPad | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion--> omni class compliant to all channels? |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{maybe| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Korg NanoKontrol 1 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->mini usb |- | <!--Description-->Korg Prophecy | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->KORG microKONTROL | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{no| }} | <!--Opinion-->2010 |- | <!--Description-->Korg microKEY | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| untested}} | <!--Opinion-->2011 velocity-sensitive Natural Touch keys but joystick is an alternative to the common pitch/modulation wheel design - power draw - |- | <!--Description-->Korg nanoKey nanoPad | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion-->2011 |- | <!--Description-->Korg Taktile | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Korg microKEY2 25 37 49 61 USB | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|2015 untested}} | <!--Opinion-->2015 USB powered - semi weighted - |- | <!--Description-->Korg MiniList | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Korg MinKey nanoPad nanoPad 2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Korg Nautilus | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2024 |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{maybe| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> midi keyboard controller |- | <!--Description-->Kurzweil PC3 7 series - Artis 7 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion-->fatar TP-8 semi-weighted action |- | <!--Description-->Kurzweil PC1 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Kurzweil PC3 A8 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{maybe| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Line 6 Mobile keys 25 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->2006 |- | <!--Description-->Line 6 POD Studio KB37 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->2006 |- | <!--Description-->Line 6 Tone Port KB37 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->2007 |- |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | CAMD | Opinion |- | <!--Description-->Midiman (later M-Audio) Oxygen8 Ozone Ozonic 25 32 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{no|not class compliant - untested 5pin legacy }} | <!--Opinion-->2002 2004 - 25 full keys - slider/fader to left of lcd display - |- | <!--Description-->m-audio oxygen keystation (61 key) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{no| }} | <!--Opinion-->2004 |- | <!--Description-->M-Audio eKeys 37 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{no| }} | <!--Opinion-->2005 |- | <!--Description-->M-Audio Axiom 25, 49, 61 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->2006 bus powered and 12v psu - if sliders/faders are on right - legacy midi 5pin - chunky unit - |- | <!--Description-->M-Audio Oxygen 8v2, 49, 61 (silver) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{no| }} | <!--Opinion-->2006 full size velocity sensitive 12v psu - sending random pitchbend info - |- | <!--Description-->M-Audio Keystation 37e 49e, 61e MK1 MKI | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2006 - ok key action - |- | <!--Description-->M-Audio Keystation 37es 49se 61es, 88es MK1 MKI | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2008 - |- | <!--Description-->M-Audio Oxygen 25/49/61/88 (blue) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2008 [https://m-audio.com/products/view/oxygen-25-legacy advised Class-compliant and GM/GM2/XG SysEx messages] with full size velocity sensitive 12v psu - sending random pitchbend info - |- | <!--Description-->M-Audio Axiom 25, 49, 61 (2nd Gen) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2010 semi-weighted mini keys - bus powered and 9v psu for 25/49 and 12v for 61 - if sliders/faders are on left - legacy midi 5pin - chunky unit - |- | <!--Description-->M-Audio Axiom Pro 25, 49, 61 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2011 poor construction |- | <!--Description-->MAudio Axiom AIR 25 M-Audio Axiom Air Mini 32 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2012 |- | <!--Description-->M-Audio Oxygen 25 III (3rd Gen) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2012 untested - usb only - rubber keys sticky - |- | <!--Description-->MAudio Keyrig 49 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->M-Audio Keystation Mini 32 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion-->2012 - mini usb - plays a few notes and then stops responding randomly - try plugging it into port 1 or 2 on your pc - |- | <!--Description-->M-Audio Keystation 49 MK2 II | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion-->2012 USB port and class compliant |- | <!--Description-->M-Audio Keystation 61 MK3 MKIII MIDI keyboard | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion-->2015 usb compliant untested |- | <!--Description-->M-Audio Oxygen 25 IV | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| untested}} | <!--Opinion-->2016 choice |- | <!--Description-->M-Audio CTRL-49 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion-->2017 |- | <!--Description-->M-Audio ProKeys 88, 88sx | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->M-Audio Keystation Mini 32 MK3 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion-->2019 mini usb - some power or incompatibility issue with the native USB ports of the laptop, plugged in a passive USB 2.0 HUB (not USB 3.0, not powered) |- | <!--Description-->[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3328SvuJsLw M-Audio Oxygen25 MKV] | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0763 | <!--Product ID-->0x0001 | <!--Revision-->0023 | <!--CAMD-->{{Yes|detected audio class and bindings with camdusbmidi.class - midi in out untested}} | <!--Opinion-->2020 25 full size semi keys - USB2 usb-b but no 5pin classic plugs - channel select SHIFT button and CHANNEL on keybed - plastic build - holding down both the Octave + and - for factory reset - more limited in what you can do with it than IV 4th one - tested on AROS One 2.4 usb |- | <!--Description-->M-Audio Oxygen Pro 25 49 61 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2022 untested semi full keys |- | <!--Description-->M-Audio Oxygen Pro Mini | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2023 untested - 32 smaller keys - not endless encoders - usb only - |- | <!--Description-->M-Audio Hammer 88 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Moog | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Moog Minitaur | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->M-VAVE SMK-25mini 25key MIDI Control Keyboard Y6I0 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Native Instruments NI Primus A25 JamMate | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{no| }} | <!--Opinion-->2008 not compliant, |- | <!--Description-->Native Instruments Maschine MK1 MKI | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->2009 not compliant uses snd-usb-caiaq module, |- | <!--Description-->Native Instruments Komplete Kontrol S88 S61 S49 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2012 - weighted keys - |- | <!--Description-->Native Instruments Maschine MK2 MKII | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2013 maybe compliant, |- | <!--Description-->Native Instruments Maschine Micro Mikro MK2 MKII | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2014 maybe? |- | <!--Description-->NI Komplete Kontrol S49 S61 S88 MkII MK2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2017 all MK2 MK3 power up the keyboard using USB, it will set the keyboards MIDI port to computer MIDI only without any option to set it to use the MIDI DIN, meaning you cannot connect the keyboard to hardware and power from USB, you MUST power with the power adapter and physically unplug from any USB connection - |- | <!--Description-->Native Instruments Komplete Kontrol A25 A49 A61 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2018 maybe compliant, |- | <!--Description-->[https://github.com/sikorak666/maschine-mikro-mk3-driver Native Instruments Maschine Micro Mikro Plus MK3 MKIII] | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2019 |- | <!--Description-->Native Instruments Komplete Kontrol M32 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2019 untested 32 smaller keys - no drum pads - USB only - |- | <!--Description-->NI Komplete Kontrol S49 S61 S88 MkIII MK3 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2023 |- | <!--Description-->NI | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2025 |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | CAMD | Opinion |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> midi keyboard controller |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Neusonik iBoard 4 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Nektar Impact LX25+ LX49+ LX61+ LX88+ SE | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2017 budget full-size velocity-sensitive synth-action keyboard - |- | <!--Description-->Nektar Impact GX49 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> USB port - |- | <!--Description-->Nektar Panorama P4 P6 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> USB & USB Micro B, 5-pin MIDI out, 2 x TRS inputs with 49 semi-weighted, velocity sensitive with aftertouch |- | <!--Description-->Nektar SE25 SE49 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> mini keys - micro usb bus powered - velocity and sustain button |- | <!--Description-->Nektar Panorama P6 61 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Nektar Panorama T6 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Nord Stage 3 midi controller | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> sysex |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Novation ReMote 25 49 61 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->2003 lhs XY touchpad and the joystick - |- | <!--Description-->Novation LaunchKey 25 49 61 88 Mk1 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{no| }} | <!--Opinion-->2005 not USB class compliant |- | <!--Description-->Novation 49 61 SL | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->2006 semi-weighted Fatar TP-8 or TP-9 keybed |- | <!--Description-->Novation ReMote 25SL 49SL 61SL soft label | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->2006 - two long top liquid-crystal display LCD strips - XY touchpad and the joystick - |- | <!--Description-->Novation ReMOTE 25LE | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1235 | <!--Product ID-->0x0004 | <!--Revision-->0001 | <!--CAMD-->{{Yes|detected, usb driver in devs/midi for camd to use}} | <!--Opinion-->2007 USB-b powered, 9v center pin positive or 6 MN1500 AA batteries - X/Y touchpad and the combined pitch and modulation joystick - no aftertouch but can use both the legacy MIDI OUT and USB port simultaneously |- | <!--Description-->Novation Nocturn 49 61 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{Unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2008 untested sending random pitchbend info |- | <!--Description-->Novation 49 61 SL MkII | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2009 semi-weighted Fatar TP-8 or TP-9 keybed |- | <!--Description-->Novation MiniNova | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion-->2013 |- | <!--Description-->Novation Impulse 25 49 61 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2012 velocity aftertouch‑sensitive semi-weighted keyboards and eight backlit pads - USB, 5-pin MIDI out - |- | <!--Description-->Novation Circuit Tracks / Rhythm | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2015 untested |- | <!--Description-->Novation LaunchKey 25 49 61 88 MK2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2015 USB class compliant - full keys - |- | <!--Description-->Novation Launchpad Mini MK2 MKII | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2016 untested 8x8 buttons with 16 backlit |- | <!--Description-->Novation LaunchKey Mini MK2 MKII | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2018 untested - 25 soft mini keys - 2 rotary wheels lhs - |- | <!--Description-->Novation LaunchKey 25 37 49 61 88 MK3 MKIII | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2020 USB class compliant choice - full keys - |- | <!--Description-->Novation LaunchKey Mini MK3 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2023 untested - 25 soft mini keys - 2 sliders lhs - |- | <!--Description-->Novation 61SL Mk3 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> midi keyboard controller |- | <!--Description-->Nymphes Dreadbox | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion--> 6 voice analog synth |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | CAMD | Opinion |- | <!--Description-->Oberheim MC 2000 EX | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2015 88 keys fully weighted - very heavy - |- | <!--Description-->PreSonus ATOM SQ Hybrid MIDI Keyboard/Pad | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->[https://polyend.com/tracker/ Polyend Tracker] | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Roland ED PC-300 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->2002 USB MIDI keyboard controller 49-key |- | <!--Description-->Roland EDIROL PCR-M30 PCR-M50 PCR-M80 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->2005 |- | <!--Description-->Roland Edirol PCR-30 PCR-50 PCR-80 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->2007 untested 32 key - |- | <!--Description-->Roland PC-50 PC-80 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->2007 |- | <!--Description-->Roland PCR-500 PCR-800 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2008 61 velocity-sensitive keys with aftertouch |- | <!--Description-->Roland A-88 a-49 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2013 USB port - weighted keys velocity no aftertouch - class compliant with press FUNCTION so it is lit. Press the key labelled "ADV.", Press the "+" button so it is lit - |- | <!--Description-->Roland PC-200 mkII | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2014 some had fatar keys |- | <!--Description-->Roland MC-707 Groovebox | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2015 |- | <!--Description-->Roland MC-101 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2015 untested |- | <!--Description-->Roland A-500 A500Pro | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2018 |- | <!--Description-->Roland A-300 A300Pro | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2018 |- | <!--Description-->Roland JUNO DS, FA, Fantom, JUPITER X / Xm | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2019 (be sure that USB driver is set to "Generic" - requires device rebooting) |- | <!--Description-->Roland A-88 a-49 MKii MK2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2020 expensive with USB-c port - hammer-action keyboard weighted keys - Class-compliant if USB-C enables bus power - MIDI 2.0 later - |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->ROLI Seaboard RISE 25 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> midi keyboard controller |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | CAMD | Opinion |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> midi keyboard controller |- | <!--Description-->Samson Graphite 49 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Samson Carbon 49 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Sequential TAKE 5 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Studiologic VMK-161 and VMK-161 Plus Organ version | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->TP-8O action is the unweighted, organ-style waterfall keybed - usb midi in out - 9v psu - |- | <!--Description-->Studiologic SL990XP midi controller | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Studiologic VMK176 Plus | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->USB and midi connectivity |- | <!--Description-->Studiologic SL880 midi controller | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Studiologic SL73 SL88 Studio midi controller | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> hammer-action Fatar TP semi-weighted keys |- | <!--Description-->Studiologic Numa Organ 2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> 73 key TP-8O action is the unweighted, organ-style waterfall keybed used in nearly all clonewheels |- | <!--Description-->Studiologic Numacompact 2/2x, Numa X Piano | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->SubZero CommandKey49 CommandKey25 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->SubZero SZ-MiniCommand Mini-Command USB | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->SubZero SPC61 MIDI Controller | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> bus powered - 5 octave |- | <!--Description-->SubZero ControlKey49S 49 Key Slim MIDI Controller Keyboard | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{maybe| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Synido TempoKey K25 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2023 25 mini keys - usb-c powered |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{maybe| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Winterbloom Sol | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{maybe| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Worlde Panda | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> midi keyboard controller |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | CAMD | Opinion |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Yamaha KX8 KX49 KX61 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->2008 not compliant |- | <!--Description-->Yamaha CMC-PD | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->2010 |- | <!--Description-->Yamaha | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2011 not class compliant |- | <!--Description-->Yamaha P45B P-45 Digital Piano | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->2011 not compliant |- | <!--Description-->Yamaha P-115 midi controller | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2016 untested weighted keys - USB midi port |- | <!--Description-->Yamaha MX49 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2020 should compliant untested |- | <!--Description-->Yamaha Montage, CP73/88, YC, MODX | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> midi keyboard controller |- | <!--Description-->Yamaha PSR-E353, PSR-E443 PSR-S670, PSR-S770, PSR-S970, PSR-A3000, TYROS-5 NP-12, NP-32 DGX-650, DGX-660 P-105, P-115, P-255 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Yamaha MX49 II V2 Black Blue | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2023 |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> midi keyboard controller |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | CAMD | Opinion |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->DJM V10 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion--> dj |- | <!--Description-->Native Instruments Kontrol DJ Pro midi controller | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> detected but untested |- | <!--Description-->Numark Mixtrack Pro II USB DJ Controller Djay | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->older generation pioneer DDJ-SX2 dj | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |} {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="20%" | Description ! width="10%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="10%" |CAMD ! width="30%" |Opinion |- | <!--Description-->Alyseum AL-22 AL22c | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> usb to 5pin midi interface |- | <!--Description-->Alyseum AL-88 Schneidersladen AL88c | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> usb to 5pin midi interface |- | <!--Description-->Alyseum U3-88c Midi Interface | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> no CopperLan support Midi network using a UTP Ethernet patch cable) |- | <!--Description-->Behringer BCF2000 midi interface | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->[http://www.behringer.com/EN/home.aspx Behringer] BCR2000 1in 2out | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Behringer B-CONTROL DEEJAY BCD3000 DJ Mixer | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Behringer UMD404 UMD202 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> usb to 5pin midi interface |- | <!--Description-->Creative EMU 0404/USB midi interface | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{no| }} | <!--Opinion-->2006 |- | <!--Description-->DigiDesign / Focusrite Command 8 Control Surface | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->2005 supports MIDI continuous controller (CC) and note data. SysEx dumping and loading is also supported |- | <!--Description-->Digidesign Digi 002 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->2006 firewire only |- | <!--Description-->Digidesign Digi 003 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->2009 firewire only |- | <!--Description-->emagic m4 2x4 AMT8 Unitor 8 Mk2 8x8 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x00d0 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision-->0x010 0x0103 | <!--CAMD-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->2000 offers MTS (Midi Time Stamping) - 12v 2a psu centre pos - usb mini with rs232 and rs422 serial ports - 16 channels (8-in / 8-out), this rack-mountable unit - |- | <!--Description-->Evolution U-Control UC-16 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No| detected}} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Focusrite Saffire 6 USB 1.1 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Guillemot Maxi Studio ISIS Vintage Sound Card MIDI Audio Interface | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No|dedicated driver}} | <!--Opinion-->1998 |- | <!--Description-->[http://www.ucapps.de/mbhp_usb.html MidiBox] Hardware Platform USB Module | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{no| }} | <!--Opinion-->2001 |- | <!--Description-->Mackie Control Universal Pro XT with One Two Extenders | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{no| }} | <!--Opinion-->2008 not compliant, |- | <!--Description-->M-Audio Audiophile USB | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->2003 not compliant, |- | <!--Description-->M-Audio Midisport UNO old version | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->2004 not compliant, |- | <!--Description-->M-Audio MidiMan 1x1 midi interface | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->2004 [http://sourceforge.net/projects/linux-hotplug/ firmware update] |- | <!--Description-->M-Audio Midisport 2x2 yellowy green blue, green or silver chassis plastic box | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No|MIDISPORT 2x2 or 4x4 interfaces from previous production series (blue, green or silver chassis) are not class-compliant}} | <!--Opinion-->2004 |- | <!--Description-->MAudio Audiosport Quattro USB | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No|dedicated driver}} | <!--Opinion-->2004 not usb compliant as [http://usb-midi-fw.sourceforge.net/ firmware required and that is buggy], |- | <!--Description-->M-Audio UC-33 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{no| }} | <!--Opinion-->2004 not compliant, |- | <!--Description-->M-Audio Midisport 1x1 2x2 4x4 Anniversary Edition, black box | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2010 maybe class compliant, |- | <!--Description-->Mooer Steep II Multi-Platform USB Audio Interface | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> usb to 5pin midi interface |- | <!--Description-->[http://www.amiga.org/forums/showthread.php?t=52920 Mark of the Unicorn Motu Fastlane] 2x2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No|[http://www.amiga.org/forums/showpost.php?p=560852&postcount=8 not working on OS4]}} | <!--Opinion--> not class compliant, |- | <!--Description-->Motu Micro Lite 1x1 and MOTU microlite 5x5 USB | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No|dedicated driver}} | <!--Opinion--> good unit but poor just plug in support and not class compliant - USB2 usb-b - |- | <!--Description-->Motu MIDI Express 128 8x8 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No|dedicated driver}} | <!--Opinion-->poor support serial port only - offers MTS (Midi Time Stamping) A serial port based MIDI interface or a USB interface without MTS will have a MIDI slop of up to 2ms on record and playback. MTS provides accuracy for record and playback to around .3ms - five times more accurate than serial or non-MTS." |- | <!--Description-->MOTU.com MIDI Express XT | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No|dedicated driver}} | <!--Opinion-->2008 for many USB should have octocoupled connection to reduce groundloop humm, usually the timing is off |- | <!--Description-->MOTU MIDI Timepiece AV | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No|dedicated driver}} | <!--Opinion--> not class compliant is one of the best multi-port MIDI interfaces ever made as USB model connects to the computer as an 8x16 interface |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Native Instruments GmbH Audio 8 DJ, 4 DJ, 2 DJ | <!--Vendor ID-->0x17CC | <!--Product ID-->0x | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{no|needs dedicated driver}} | <!--Opinion-->2006 not class compliant, |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> usb to 5pin midi interface |- | <!--Description-->Qcon | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> usb to 5pin midi interface |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> usb to 5pin midi interface |- | <!--Description-->Roland Edirol UA-100 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No|did not match to camdusbmidi.class USB audio midi with onboard DSP}} | <!--Opinion-->1998 |- | <!--Description-->Roland Corp Edirol UM-2 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0582 | <!--Product ID-->0x0005 | <!--Revision-->0200 | <!--CAMD-->{{no|is not bound via camdusbmidi.class }} | <!--Opinion-->1999 not bound to any midi class - 2x2 - tested Aros One USb 2.4 |- | <!--Description-->Roland Edirol UA-100G | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No|detected but not working}} | <!--Opinion-->1999 USB audio midi with onboard DSP |- | <!--Description-->Roland Edirol UM-880 8x8 midi interface | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0582 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No|detected but not working}} | <!--Opinion-->2000 under poseidon but could work with run >nil: c:midithru out.0 "EDIROL UM-880.out.2" |- | <!--Description-->Roland Edirol UM-1 blue plastic | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{Unk| bound??? via camdusbmidi.class - untested midi in out}} | <!--Opinion-->2000 UM-1 - 1-in/1-out (16 channels) |- | <!--Description-->Roland Edirol UM-1S | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No|not working}} | <!--Opinion-->2000 1-in/1-out (16 channels) |- | <!--Description-->Roland Edirol UM-2E | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No|not working}} | <!--Opinion-->2000 |- | <!--Description-->Roland Edirol UM550 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->2001 |- | <!--Description-->Roland Edirol UM-1X midi interface | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No|do not have the Advanced Driver Switch on them}} | <!--Opinion-->2001 |- | <!--Description-->Roland Edirol UM-1SX | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0582 | <!--Product ID-->0x0052 | <!--Revision-->0200 | <!--CAMD-->{{No|do not have the Advanced Driver Switch on them}} | <!--Opinion-->2003 |- | <!--Description-->Roland Edirol Cakewalk UM-2C - 2x2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->2003 |- | <!--Description-->Roland Edirol Cakewalk UM-1G 1x1 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->2004 |- | <!--Description-->Roland Edirol Cakewalk UM-2G 2x2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->2004 |- | <!--Description-->[https://github.com/spotify/linux/blob/master/sound/usb/usbquirks.h Roland Edirol UA20 UA-20] | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No|not working}} | <!--Opinion-->2004 |- | <!--Description-->Roland UM-1EX | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->2005 |- | <!--Description-->Roland Edirol UM-2EX 2x2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{no| }} | <!--Opinion-->2005 adds a second MIDI OUT |- | <!--Description-->Roland Cakewalk UM-3G - 3x3 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->2006 |- | <!--Description-->Roland Cakewalk ua-25excw 1x1 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No|detected but not working}} | <!--Opinion-->2009 not class compliant mode |- | <!--Description-->[https://alsa.opensrc.org/Edirol_UA-25EX Roland Edirol UA55 UA-55 Cakewalk UA25 EX] | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No|detected but not working}} | <!--Opinion-->2011 not usb compliant, |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> usb to 5pin midi interface |- | <!--Description-->Sonuus B2M Bass MIDI Interface | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> usb to 5pin midi interface |- | <!--Description-->Sonuus G2M | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> usb to 5pin midi interface |- | <!--Description-->Steinberg CMC Series | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> usb to 5pin midi interface |- | <!--Description-->Subzero SZ-MB44 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> usb to 5pin midi interface |- | <!--Description-->Swisssonic MIDI1x1 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->2012 AmigaOS there is no output at midichannel one and two but if play a midi file there is only output on some channels and if pressed stop the prog freezes or the whole system crashes |- | <!--Description-->Teac Tascam US-428 US-422 midi interface | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0644 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion--> 2000 not compatible |- | <!--Description-->Teac Tascam [http://web.archive.org/web/*/http://www.tascam.com/Products/US-224.html US-224] | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1604 | <!--Product ID-->0x8004 | <!--Revision-->0100 | <!--CAMD-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion--> 2002 does not bind to any class |- | <!--Description-->Teac Corp Tascam US-1x2 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0644 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->2002 |- | <!--Description-->Teac Tascam US-122 MKII midi interface | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0644 | <!--Product ID-->0x8021 | <!--Revision-->0100 | <!--CAMD-->{{No|not detected / binding to camdusbmidi.class on AROS 2.4 usb }} | <!--Opinion-->2004 detected but not working 2-in/2-out USB two XLR microphone preamps with phantom power for condenser microphones |- | <!--Description-->Teac Tascam US-200 US-400 US-600 US-800 US-1200 US-1800 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No|no driver}} | <!--Opinion-->2010 may not be totally usb compliant |- | <!--Description-->Yamaha UX-16 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No|no driver}} | <!--Opinion-->2010 |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> usb to 5pin midi interface |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> usb to 5pin midi interface |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | CAMD | Opinion |- | <!--Description-->Akai EIE and Pro version midi interface | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion-->2011 dc 6v power - 3 USB hubs, midi in out , |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> usb to 5pin midi interface |- | <!--Description-->Alesis I/O2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{no| }} | <!--Opinion-->2007 powered USB hub required, not compliant |- | <!--Description-->Alesis IO2 Express | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2010 usb compliant? |- | <!--Description-->Alesis IO4 Express | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2010 |- | <!--Description-->Behringer XTouch | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> psu needed |- | <!--Description-->Behringer X-Touch Compact | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2014 maybe usb compliant? |- | <!--Description-->Behringer X-Touch Mini | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2014 maybe usb compliant?, usb to 5pin midi interface |- | <!--Description-->Behringer U-Phoria UMD404HD UMD202HD | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2019 maybe class compliant - volume low, |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->CME U2 MIDI Pro 1x1 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> current model |- | Creative EMU XMIDI 1X1 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2008 early versions with sysex checksum errors |- | <!--Description-->Creative E-MU Xmidi 1x1 Tab (V3) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2010 tab version class compliant but report that when transferring 'System Exclusive' messages (SysEx) the unit could not handle the highest data rate leading to data corruption |- | Creative EMU XMIDI 2x2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2008 sysex errors |- | <!--Description-->Digidesign Mbox 2 Mini now Avid | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{no| }} | <!--Opinion-->2005 USB powered but not compliant |- | <!--Description-->Digidesign Mbox II Pro | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{no| }} | <!--Opinion-->2006 USB powered but not compliant |- | <!--Description-->Engl Z7 MIDI Interface (E660/E610/E360/E930) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> guitar? |- | <!--Description-->Elektron TurboMidi TM-1 1in 1out | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->ESI MidiTerminal M4U 4x4 midi interface | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->supposedly class compliant - USB bus powered - |- | <!--Description-->ESI MidiTerminal M8U 8x8 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->ESI MidiTerminal M4U XL 4x4 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> ploytec chipset |- | <!--Description-->ESI MidiTerminal M8U XL 8x8 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> no hardware routing e.g. x on input 5 to synth y on output 7 - ploytec chipset |- | <!--Description-->ESI MidiMate 1x1 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> supposedly class compliant - USB bus powered |- | <!--Description-->ESI MidiMate II 2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->ESI ROM I/O | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2005 romio version |- | <!--Description-->ESI M4U XT | <!--Vendor ID-->0x2573 | <!--Product ID-->0x0002 | <!--Revision-->0100 | <!--CAMD-->{{Maybe|is bound via camdusbmidi.class AROS One 2.4 - untested midi in out}} | <!--Opinion-->2010 - |- | <!--Description-->ESI M8U XT 8in 8out | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2010 discontinued 2018 |- | <!--Description-->ESI M8UEX USB3.0 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2018 current model |- | <!--Description-->ESI M4U eX | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2018 current model |- | <!--Description-->ESI MidiMate eX midi interface 1x1 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2016 current model, well liked and might class compliant?? |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> usb to 5pin midi interface |- | <!--Description-->icon midiport 2x2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> usb to 5pin midi interface |- | <!--Description-->iCON CubeMi 3 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> class compliant? |- | <!--Description-->iConnectivity | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> usb to 5pin midi interface |- | <!--Description-->iConnectivity mio | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2010 class compliant but reported issues with sending System Exclusive (SysEx) MIDI messages and MIDI signals getting cut off |- | <!--Description--> iConnectMidi interface | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2010 |- | <!--Description-->iCM2 iCM4 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2012 |- | <!--Description-->iConnectivity iConnectMIDI4+ L | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2014 class compliant?? |- | <!--Description-->iConnectivity MioXL | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->IK Multimedia iRig MIDI 2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> class compliant |- | <!--Description-->iRig Pro | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> usb to 5pin midi interface |- | <!--Description-->Kenton | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> usb to 5pin midi interface |- | <!--Description-->Kenton Electronics pro solo mk2 midi to cv converter | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> usb to 5pin midi interface |- | <!--Description-->Kenton Midi Thru-25 5 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> usb to 5pin midi interface |- | <!--Description-->Keytech MT18E 8 Way Midi Thru box | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> 9 to 12v psu required |- | <!--Description-->MidiPlus Midi 2x2 midi interface | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> usb to 5pin midi interface |- | <!--Description-->MidiPlus Midi 4x4 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> supposedly class compliant - USB bus powered |- | <!--Description-->MidiTech MIT-00151 Midiface 4x4 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> usb to 5pin midi interface |- | <!--Description-->MidiTech Midiface 4x4 8x8 16x16 thru merge | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> usb to 5pin midi interface |- | <!--Description-->Miditech Midilink mini 1x1 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> usb to 5pin midi interface |- | <!--Description-->M-Audio Midisport UNO only if box is labeled Class Compliant and latest MIDISPORT 1x1 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->M-Audio Fast Track Ultra (6 in 6 out) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2008 not usb compliant, - |- | <!--Description-->M-Audio Midiman Midisport 2x2 Anniversary Edition [https://gearspace.com/board/electronic-music-instruments-and-electronic-music-production/1133862-why-there-hardly-any-midi-interfaces.html not stable enough] | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2009 USB2 usb-b - does not need firmware and supposedly plug and play - |- | <!--Description-->M-Audio Midisport 4x4 Anniversary Edition | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> rumored does not need firmware - supposedly plug and play - issues with its firmware for some and lacks configurable routing |- | <!--Description-->Maudio Fast Track Ultra 8R | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> usb to 5pin midi interface |- | <!--Description-->Native Instruments Komplete Audio 6 Mk1 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion-->2011 maybe usb compliant but bus powered, |- | <!--Description-->Nektar Midiflex 4 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|untested}} | <!--Opinion-->2015 class compliant and usb-b powered - used as a 1 in / 3 out, 2 in / 2 out or 4 out 5pin sockets - |- | <!--Description-->Neusonik IM-One | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> usb to 5pin midi interface |- | <!--Description-->Peavey Xport | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> guitars only |- | <!--Description-->Roland UM-ONE UM-1 mk2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2010 USB class compliant if switch to TAB for class compliant mode rather than the COMPUTER mode |- | <!--Description-->Squarp Hermid | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> usb to 5pin midi interface |- | <!--Description-->Steinberg Midex 8x8 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> class compliant? supporting MIDI Time Stamping protocol |- | <!--Description-->Swissonic MidiConnect 2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> usb to 5pin midi interface |- | <!--Description-->Tapco LiNK.midi USB 4x4 (Loud technologies) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{no|dedicated driver}} | <!--Opinion-->2005 |- | <!--Description-->Teac Corp Tascam US-2x2 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0644 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{no| }} | <!--Opinion--> 2014 5v dc power, midi out in, |- | <!--Description-->Teac Corp Tascam US-4x4 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0644 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Teac Tascam US-16x08 US-20x20 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0644 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Zoom U-24 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> midi to 5pin interface |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> midi to 5pin interface |- | <!--Description-->Unbranded cable | 0x552d | 0x4348 | F110 | <!--CAMD-->{{Maybe|detected but no usb driver in devs/midi for camd to use}} | <!--Opinion-->detected but not working the USB-MIDI conversion functionality of the cheapo USB MIDI "cable" interface is simply lacking, possibly being incapable of handling MIDI strings longer than 3 bytes long SysEx strings (e.g. SysEx dumps) - tested in Icaros 2.3 - |- | <!--Description-->USB2.0-MIDI Unbranded cable with clear braided underneath leads | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1A86 | <!--Product ID-->0x752D | <!--Revision-->0254 | <!--CAMD-->{{Maybe|detected binding to camdusbmidi.class but untested midi in / out}} | <!--Opinion-->untested but better to get a branded version - tested AROS One 2.4 usb |- | <!--Description-->LogiLink USB to Midi In-Out | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk|}} | <!--Opinion-->untested cheap cable version but issues with latency on other systems |- | <!--Description--> gm5 USB midi chip DIY option only | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> usb to 5pin midi interface |- | <!--Description-->Doremidi LEKATO MIDI USB C Interface 1x1 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> usb to 5pin midi interface |- | <!--Description-->Thomann Midi USB 1x1 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> Prodipe made |- | <!--Description-->Prodipe MIDI 1i/1o | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> usb to 5pin midi interface |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |} Classic 5pin DIN controllers for above interfaces {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="20%" | Description ! width="10%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="10%" |CAMD ! width="30%" |Opinion |- | <!--Description-->Akai s5000 s6000 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> midi digital samplers |- | <!--Description-->Akai AX80 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Casio CZ-5000 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Casio CZ-3000 CZ-1000 CZ-101 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Cheetah MS6 midi controller | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{No|untested}} | <!--Opinion-->2000 multi-timbral, six-voice (twelve-oscillator), analogue synthesiser module is loaded with CEM 3396s |- | <!--Description-->Ensoniq ESQ1 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Integra | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Korg Wavestation Ex A/D SR | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->1986 ex has piano and drum sounds |- | <!--Description-->Korg DW-8000 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Korg DW-6000 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Korg Poly 800 MK1 Poly-800ii | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> all plastic and can run on batteries - 49 keys non-velocity dco synt analogue filter |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Roland D-50 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|1987 untested greater concern would be moisture and wear}} |- | <!--Description-->Roland A50 (76) A80 (88) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|1989 untested}} |- | <!--Description-->ROLAND JUNO-D | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->Roland Juno 106 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->80s kx73 or kx88 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->Roland ED PC-160A PC-180A | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} legacy DIN5 MIDI port only - 6 AA batteries or 9v psu - One regular source of failure for me were emty batteries (even with red control light still active). Another source was a bad MIDI cable - unplug then re-plug the USB cable while it is powered the device might reconnect |- | <!--Description-->Roland M1 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Roland S-550 S-760 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> digital samplers kontakt replaced these? |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Yamaha DX7 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->1983 12bit |- | <!--Description-->Yamaha DX7S DX72IID DX7IIFD | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->1987 16bit versions |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--CAMD-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- |} The MIDI standard was published in August 1983. The inventors, Kakehashi and Smith finally received a Technical Grammy Award in 2013 for their work. The MIDI files that contained just the note data, velocity and timing meant you could transfer an entire studio session from one place to another on one floppy disk and it could control all the synths and drum samplers. Pass-thru meant that one computer could run an entire bands worth of instruments. It's bulletproof too. MIDI never goes wrong, it's always a bug in software that causes any issue - you can absolutely rely on it to go gigging with, take your synths, controllers and computers and not crash an entire gig at your 100,000 person venue. The MIDI hardware specification is very simple (voltage, polarity, screening, protection and a fast enough opto-isolator), it assumes that the data it sends and receives between MIDI devices is to the MIDI data standard and just passes it on. The microprocessor in the hardware does all the work. The minimum for a computer/MIDI interface is that it meets the MIDI hardware specification. It is attached to the computer bus and handles the electrical conversions required. To meet the MIDI hardware specification, to be class compliant as a USB device all it has to do is report itself properly when plugged in. The other half of the equation is the MIDI data standard, and for a computer MIDI interface the main issue is the speed of data transmission. The bus speed of the computer is faster than the speed of the MIDI standard so it can generate and send MIDI data faster than a MIDI device can receive it. The MIDI standards have nothing to say on that bottleneck at all. MIDI was designed to be very simple and very open, it just defines a standard for the messages and leaves it up to manufacturers to implement them in the way they want. That's what makes it so powerful a tool, and also what makes it so confusing and frustrating at times. For midi, the hardware/software combination at various connection points handles the translation to/from midi (or other protocols). Drivers would be needed for midi, including clock and SysEx signal (actually claiming to handle ALL midi quirks transparently All the important MIDI data types can be sent (CC, NRPN, RPN, MMC, Note On/Off, program change) There is no official way to solve the data bottleneck. Early software sequencers and librarians tried to solve it by having an option to buffer SYSEX data in software and transmit it at the MIDI data rate. The downside is that hogs the bus and can hit computer performance. Interface manufacturers would add a hardware buffer which would take all the MIDI data from the PC bus and feed it into the MIDI at the slower data rate, but that added cost and created timing issues. Things have moved on since then, but the principles remain the same. You can buffer in the hardware or in software, whether that is in the application or the interface driver. SYSEX will work perfectly well with that budget cable if your software handles the buffering. And while the cables with hardware buffers make SYSEX easier, they still have potential problems because of the limitations of the MIDI data rate. Your MIDI clock doesn't like being interrupted with a big program dump The serial / parallel ports were a direct connection, so faster. Now, everything in the computer is virtual and the only thing connected to the hardware is the kernel, hence everything is by default bottlenecked and jittery, regardless of which connection. So by the time the interface gets the information it's already too late. Ethernet network cable to transport MIDI over large distances, connect 2 MIDI In and 2 MIDI Out ports to patch, remap, filter and merge MIDI flows on a fine channel basis for tight MIDI throughput, latency and jitter Possibilities for DAWs of the future including a kind of sync reference for timing reference which an interface could sync to, hence all the timings then would be locked between the grid on the DAW screen and the MIDI info. Preemptible, low latency and accuracy are essential for good communication. One of the first things you need to do, is make sure your MIDI software sets the interface to the same MIDI channel as your keyboard (usually 1) Do you want to send just your master keyboard to other synths or to be able to use any keyboard with any synth? 1st option is relatively simple. Just need to send midi from your master keyboard into a midi splitter that redistributes the signal onto your synths. Each synth will be set up to receive midi on a specific channel so the only challenge is to find a way to select to which channel you are sending midi. Some master keyboards can do that although not many that have a dedicated knob or switch on the panel and most require a bit of menu diving. Could use a midi box that offers channel selection but usually this is not very workflow friendly. The software route would require using the mouse. 2nd option is a bit more complex but superior workflow by sending midi messages into a merge box, from there into a hardware sequencer that allows to select midi channel, then on to a midi interface that distributes the signal to the synths. Master keyboard MIDI-in to computer. External hardware sampler MIDI-out from computer. Audio-out from sampler to audio-in on computer/device. Blue Ribbon Soundworks Bars & Pipes Professional (1993/4) GM (1984), GS (1987), XG level 1-3 (1994-1997), GM level 2 (1999) GM GM1 imposes several requirements beyond the MIDI 1.0 specification. While MIDI 1.0 by itself provides a communication protocol which ensures that different instruments can interoperate at a fundamental level e.g sound modules. GM goes further in two ways. First, GM requires that all compliant MIDI instruments meet a certain minimal set of features, such as being able to play at least 24 notes simultaneously (polyphony). Second, GM attaches specific interpretations to many parameters and control messages which were left unspecified in the MIDI 1.0 specification. A minimum of 128 MIDI Program Numbers (conforming to the GM 1 Instrument Patch Map) and 47 percussion sounds (conforming to the GM 1 Percussion Key Map). Support for controller number 1, 7, 10, 11, 64, 100, 101, 121 and 123; support for channel pressure and pitch bend controllers. General MIDI Level 2 or GM2 is a specification for synthesizers which defines several requirements beyond the MIDI standard and is based on General MIDI (GM) and Roland GS extensions. It was adopted in 1999 by the MIDI Manufacturers Association (MMA). * Number of Notes: 32 simultaneous notes * MIDI Channels: 16 * Simultaneous Melodic Instruments – up to 16 (all Channels) * Simultaneous Percussion Kits – up to 2 (Channel 10/11) Program and bank change events General MIDI 2 compatible synthesizers access all of the 256 instruments by setting cc#0 (Bank Select MSB) to 121 and using cc#32 (Bank Select LSB) to select the variation bank before a Program Change. Variation bank 0 contains the full GM (General MIDI 1) sound set. Variations using other bank numbers are new to General MIDI 2, and correspond to variation sounds introduced in Roland GS. [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CluuHrr7HG4 Major WWHWWWH, Minor WHWWHWW scale], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jjm7Ti-iwz0 Chords], ==usb audio== USB audio has recently made available for Aros, there are many standards introduced over the years. Much is still untested. *Introduced 2000 and from 2014 USB Audio 1 UAC1 16bit 44.1kHz *Introduced 2006 and from 2014 USB Audio 2 [https://www.usb.org/document-library/usb-device-class-definition-audio-devices-release-20-errata-and-ecn-through-april UAC2] 24bit 192kHz *Introduced 2016 and from 2024 USB Audio 3 [https://www.usb.org/documents UAC3] 32bit 384kHz USB group decided to rewrite the audio standard, so [https://os4depot.net/?function=showfile&file=audio/record/usbaudio2.lha UAC2] and [https://archive.fosdem.org/2019/schedule/event/linux_and_usb_audio_class_3/attachments/slides/3345/export/events/attachments/linux_and_usb_audio_class_3/slides/3345/Linux_and_USB_Audio_Class_3___FOSDEM_2019.pdf UAC3]. They added clock selection and control, timing domains and others. Part of the changes included changing many of the descriptors that an audio device uses to describe itself to the machine. PsdErrorlog/PsdDevlister? The AHI driver generated only supports mono/stereo at any bit rates between 8 and 32 bit per sample, but not multichannel modes and only rates up to 65KHz (because AHI uses a 16-bit word for frequencies). If the soundcard does not offer such a PCM 8-32 bit mode at frequencies lower than 65 KHz, there's nothing much that can be done about it on the computer side other than revising and expanding the AHI standard. Most cheap USB soundcards do though. AHI does not support six channel playback. It only supports mono, stereo and multichannel (8 channels). Due to the multichannel mode not being used by any application so far, the usbaudio.class does not support multichannel playback, especially not "upchannelling" stereo to six or more channels. If this USB device does not support a two channel mode, you can't use it under AHI. Untested but most likely to work, at least 2 mic inputs (low impedance) & instruments (high impedance) and made in the last 10 years *[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gMuA-2FbJxE Entry level <100Euro] BOMGE U202, Behringer UMC, Presonus Studio, *[ Next tier <200Euro] Audient iD, Solid SSL2 and SSL2+, Lewitt, Focusrite Scarlett, Arturia MiniFuse, *[ Prosumer <300Euro] Focusrite Clarett+, *[ Professional <500Euro] RME Babyface, *[ Studio >500Euros] Bands should need 4 or more mic inputs [http://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?p=38364030 XDA Forum thread], <pre> <- Computer <- Mobile Phone / Tablet (OTG) <- Digital Cameras <- Video <- Webcams Base Computer <-> OBS like <- Audio Mixer <- Microphone(s) -> Internet -> Youtube & Chat </pre> USB AUDIO CARDS - UAC Compliant {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="20%" |Description ! width="10%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="10%" |Playback ! width="10%" |Records ! width="30%" |Opinion |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Antelope Galaxy 64 Synergy Core | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{no| }} | <!--Records-->{{no| }} | <!--Opinion--> not compliant so does not wotk with Aros and a high-end 64-channel AD/DA converter HDX, Dante connectivity and a Thunderbolt Audio interface |- | <!--Description-->Antelope Galaxy 32 Synergy Core | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{no| }} | <!--Records-->{{no| }} | <!--Opinion--> not be compliant so does not wotk with Aros as Antelope Audio does not provide official drivers, control software, or an Antelope Launcher |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Arturia Mini Fuse 1 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1C75 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion-->2021 maybe usb compliant, okay pre amp 1 combi input, cirrus logic cs4272 ad converter, |- | <!--Description-->Arturia MiniFuse 2 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1C75 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion-->2021 maybe usb compliant usb-c with usb2.0, okay pre amps with good dynamic range 110dB, cirrus logic cs4272 ad converter, two combi inputs for mic, line or guitar, |- | <!--Description-->Arturia MiniFuse 4 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1C75 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion-->2022 maybe usb compliant, okay 110dB dynamic range, -129dB EIN, |- | <!--Description-->Arturia AudioFuse 16Rig | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1C75 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion-->2023 maybe usb compliant, good |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Audient iD44 mk1 mki | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion-->2018 maybe usb compliant, good, |- | <!--Description-->Audient evo4 EVO8 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2020 maybe usb compliant, |- | <!--Description-->Audient iD4 mk2 mkII | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2022 maybe usb compliant, |- | <!--Description-->Audient id14 mk2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion-->2022 maybe usb compliant, good, |- | <!--Description-->Audient iD24 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion-->2023 maybe usb compliant and usb-c bus powered, good, , 0-in/14-out audio interface with ADAT expandability, balanced inserts |- | <!--Description-->Audient iD44 Mk2 Mkii | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion-->2022 maybe usb compliant, good, |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Behringer U-PHORIA UMC22 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1397 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2014 maybe usb compliant, okay, midas pre-amps |- | <!--Description-->Behringer U-PHORIA UMC202HD | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1397 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2014 maybe usb compliant, okay, midas pre-amps ein -129 dBu, 24bit ADC, |- | <!--Description-->Behringer U-PHORIA UMC404HD | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1397 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2014 maybe usb compliant, okay, midas pre-amps, 24bit adc, |- | <!--Description-->Behringer U-PHORIA UMC204HD 192 Empower Tribe | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1397 | <!--Product ID-->0x0508 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2015 maybe usb compliant, okay, midas pre-amps |- | <!--Description-->Behringer UMC1820 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1397 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion-->2016, bus complaint?, okay midas pre amps, adc, |- | <!--Description-->Behringer U-PHORIA UM2 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1397 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2018 maybe usb compliant, poor zenyx pre-amps with high noise floor, plastic build no rf shielding, latency issues, |- | <!--Description-->Behringer x Air XR12 XR16 XR18 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2018 usb and network |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Focusrite Saffire 6 USB 1.1 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1235 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2008 maybe usb compliant, , , midi, strictly NEC USB 2.0, |- | <!--Description-->Focusrite Scarlett 8i6 Gen 1 MOSC0001 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1235 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2011 maybe usb compliant, but |- | <!--Description-->Focusrite Scarlett 2i2 Gen 1 MOSC0003 *TP1 - 3.3V, tested ok *TP2 - U4 control signal, 3.3V present at all time. *TP4 - Ground *TP6 - 48V, tested ok *TP7 - Ground *TP8 - Ground | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1235 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2011 usually avoid early Gen 1, |- | <!--Description-->[https://khronscave.blogspot.com/2021/08/75-focusrite-scarlett-2i4-1st-gen.html Focusrite Scarlet 2i4 Gen 1 (slide toggles) MOSC0004] *TP1 - 3.3V, tested 3.22v *TP2 - U4 control signal, 3.3V present *TP4 - Ground *TP6 - measure 47.72v * AKM 4384ET (VDD 5v) * Cirrus Logic CS4272-CZZ (VA 4.94v/ VD 3.2v/ VL 3.2v) * all four HC4066 (VCC 4.96v) * XMOS XS1-L01A-TQ128-C5 (all VDD 1.08v/ all VVDIO 3.23v/ PPLAVDD 0.99v/ PCU-VDDIO 3.23v) 2i4S *TP1 seems to be 0V *TP2 should be 5V *TP3 should be *TP6 should be 48V *TP8 should be 3.3V | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1235 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2011 maybe usb compliant, pre amps JRC NJM2122 and NJM4565, [https://statics.cirrus.com/pubs/proDatasheet/CS4272_F1.pdf CS4272 adc], [https://pdf.datasheet.live/e5e5fd1c/akm.com/AK4384.pdf AK4384 output pair], Xmos XS1-L8A-64-TQ128 processor and firmware in Winbond 25X40CL 4Mbit, an SMSC Microchip USB3343 interface and a Microchip PL611 clock generator - two Intersil / Renesas ISL97519A for the phantom power rail, two OnSemi NCP1521B for the 3.3V (digital) and 1V (Xmos core) rails - |- | <!--Description-->Focusrite iTrack Solo USB Audio Interface | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion-->2012 maybe usb compliant, |- | <!--Description-->Focusrite Scarlett 18i20 1st Gen MOSC00 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1235 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2013 maybe usb compliant, , Cirrus CS4272, |- | <!--Description-->[http://wiki.linuxaudio.org/wiki/current_audio_gear Focusrite ] Scarlett 4i4 Gen MOSC00 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1235 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> maybe usb compliant, , Cirrus CS4272, |- | <!--Description-->Focusrite Scarlett 6i6 Gen1 MOSC00 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1235 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2013 maybe usb compliant, , , 12v psu, the headphone outs mirror the outs on the back panel, so that's six independent outs. 4 independent analog output paths, plus two over spdif, |- | <!--Description-->[https://khronscave.blogspot.com/2019/03/38-focusrite-scarlett-18i8-gen1-teardown.html Focusrite Scarlett 18i8 1st Gen MOSC0008] | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1235 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2013 maybe usb compliant, JRC NJM4565 provide most of the opamps, pair of JRC NJM2122's for inputs 1 and 2, [http://www.mouser.com/ds/2/76/cs4272_f1-43250.pdf Cirrus CS4272], 12v 1a +central psu to a pair of National Semiconductor LM2672 for 3.3V rail and the +6.9V rail, Xmos XS1–L16A–128 dual-row QFN package, firmware a Winbond 25X40C 4Mbit SPI Flash and an SMSC USB3343 interface chip, the two headphone outs are completely independent so 6 independent analog output paths, plus two over spdif, |- | <!--Description-->Focusrite Clarett+ 8Pre | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1235 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2015 great, expensive, maybe usb compliant? |- | <!--Description-->Focusrite Scarlett 2i2 Gen 2 (slide toggles) MOSC0006 *TP6 should be 48V | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1235 | <!--Product ID-->0x8202 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2016 maybe usb compliant, USB-b bus powered, good preamps ein equivalent input noise -128 dBu, 24-bit 192kHz CS4272 as well as an additional AKM AK4384ET for the second stereo output pair, 4 screws under bottom rubber, |- | <!--Description-->[https://khronscave.blogspot.com/2021/07/focusrite-scarlett-2i4-2nd-gen-teardown.html Focusrite Scarlett 2i4 Gen 2 (slide toggles) MOSC0014] *TP6 should be 48V | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1235 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2016 maybe usb compliant, USB-b bus powered, good preamps NJM2122's, NJM4565's and CMOS switches (HEF4053 and HEF4066), CS4272 and a AKM AK4384ET, Xmos XU208-256-TQ64-C10 with firmware stored in a Macronix MX25L8006E 8Mbit flash memory, clocking by a Cirrus Logic CS2100, an MP1542 boost converter creates +6V and -6V rails, powering the opamps and the rest of the analog circuitry, |- | <!--Description-->Focusrite Scarlett 6i6 Gen2 MOSC0016 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1235 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2016 maybe usb compliant, 12v psu, |- | <!--Description-->Focusrite Scarlett Solo 2nd Gen MOSC0019 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1235 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2016 maybe usb compliant, |- | <!--Description-->[https://khronscave.blogspot.com/2024/03/focusrite-scarlett-18i8-gen2-teardown.html Focusrite Scarlett 18i8 2nd Gen MOSC00] | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1235 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2016 maybe usb compliant, 12v psu, |- | <!--Description-->Focusrite Red 16Line | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2017 may not be compliant as Focusrite provides no drivers - 64-in/64-out Pro Tools - dual Thunderbolt 3 audio interface with ultra-low latency A-D/D-A conversion - Red Evolution mic preamps |- | <!--Description-->Focusrite Scarlett Solo 3rd Gen MOSC0024 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1235 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2019 maybe usb compliant usb-c but usb2, preamps, ad/dc 24bit 192kHz, most Focusrite gen3 interfaces have encrypted processors, |- | <!--Description-->Focusrite Scarlett 18i6 Gen3 MOSC00 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1235 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2019 maybe usb compliant, USB2 class compliant device, but with custom mixer interface |- | <!--Description-->Focusrite Scarlett 2i2 Gen 3 (push in switches) MOSC00 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1235 | <!--Product ID-->0x8210 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2019 maybe usb compliant, USB-c bus powered, good preamps ein equivalent input noise -128 dBu, 24-bit 192kHz Cirrus Logic xfr002c and cs4272 chips, |- | <!--Description-->Focusrite Scarlett 18i20 3rd gen MOSC00 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1235 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2019 maybe usb compliant, |- | <!--Description-->Focusrite Scarlett 18i8 3rd Gen MOSC00 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1235 | <!--Product ID-->0x8214 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2019 maybe usb compliant, , , no screws under the rubber pads on the bottom, 12v psu, |- | <!--Description-->Focusrite Scarlett Solo Studio Mk3 USB Audio Interface MOSC0030 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1235 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion-->2020 |- | <!--Description-->Focusrite Scarlett 2i2 4th Gen USB | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1235 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2024 maybe usb compliant, |- | <!--Description-->Focusrite Scarlett 4i4 4th Gen USB | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1235 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2024 maybe usb compliant, |- | <!--Description-->Focusrite Scarlett Studio 4th Gen USB | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1235 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2024 maybe usb compliant, |- | <!--Description-->Focusrite Scarlett Solo 4th Gen MOSC00 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1235 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> maybe usb compliant, |- | <!--Description-->Focusrite Scarlett 18i20 4th Gen MOSC00 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1235 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2024 maybe usb compliant, |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->FractalAudio FM9 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2018 |- | <!--Description-->Fractal Audio AM4 platform | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2023 not working |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Lewitt Connect 6 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> maybe usb compliant, |- | <!--Description-->Lewitt | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Mooer Steep II Multi-Platform USB Audio Interface | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Motu UltraLite AVB | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> usb not compliant? |- | <!--Description-->MOTU M2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> maybe not usb compliant?, usb-c, good pre amps, ad/dc, |- | <!--Description-->MOTU M4 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> maybe not usb compliant, okay, |- | <!--Description-->MOTU U2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> maybe not usb compliant, good but latest had hardware revision |- | <!--Description-->MOTU UltraLite-mk3 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2010 not usb compliant, great |- | <!--Description-->MOTU UltraLite-mk5 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2020 not usb compliant, great |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Nuemann MT48 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> usb audio compliant, great pre-amps |- | <!--Description-->Neumann MT48 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->neuralDSP Quad Cortex QC platform | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2024 cc compliant but plugins not working |- | <!--Description-->NeuralDSP QC Lite | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2024 cc complaint |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Neve Genesys Black G16 G32 G64 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> not compliant - very good very expensive |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Presonus AudioBox USB | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2008 maybe not usb compliant, usb1.1 usb-b bus powered, okay pre-amps, 24bit ADC 48Khz max, |- | <!--Description-->Presonus Audiobox 1818VSL | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2011 maybe not usb compliant, |- | <!--Description-->Presonus AudioBox 44VSL | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2011 may not be usb compliant, 12v psu, |- | <!--Description-->PreSonus AudioBox 22VSL | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2011 maybe not usb compliant, |- | <!--Description-->|PreSonus Studio 2|4 2x2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> maybe usb compliant, usb-b, |- | <!--Description-->|PreSonus Studio 2|6 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2017 maybe usb compliant, |- | <!--Description-->|PreSonus Studio 6|8 USB Audio Interface | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2017 maybe compliant, needs ext psu, |- | <!--Description-->PreSonus Studio 24c 2x2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2019 maybe usb compliant, usb-c, good, adc, |- | <!--Description-->PreSonus Studio 26c | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2019 maybe usb compliant, usb-c, |- | <!--Description-->PreSonus® Studio 68c | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2019 maybe usb compliant, usb-c, |- | <!--Description-->PreSonus AudioBox USB 96 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2020 maybe usb compliant, high preamp noise, |- | <!--Description-->Presonus Quantum ES2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2022 maybe usb compliant, okay, |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Prism | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Prism Lyra | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2013 maybe not usb compliant, great |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Platane UP1 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2024 maybe usb compliant usb- UAC2 asynchronous protocol, 64dB Low-noise Mic amplifier, 32Bit High End ADC and DAC, 16dBu High-power ti headphone amplifier |- | <!--Description-->Platane UP2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2024 maybe usb compliant, |- | <!--Description-->Platane | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->RME Babyface/UC/UFX | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2010 maybe not usb compliant, good |- | <!--Description-->RME Fireface UCX | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2012 might be able to put into class compliant cc although a firewire device, pre amps, adc, |- | <!--Description-->RME Babyface Pro FS | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2019 maybe not usb compliant, good |- | <!--Description-->RME Fireface UCX II | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2021 might be class compliant usb-b, pre amps, adc, |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Solid State Logic SSL2 SSL2+ Mk1 1st Gen | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2020 maybe usb compliant, good, adc, |- | <!--Description-->Solid State Logic SSL12 SSL18 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2022 maybe usb compliant, bus powered, good pre-amps, up to 32-bit 192kHz AD/DA converters, 12-in 8-out, |- | <!--Description-->Solid State Logic SSL2 SSL2+ MkII | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2024 maybe usb compliant, good pre amps ein -130 dBu, ad/dc, okay latency, |- | <!--Description-->Solid State Logic | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> maybe usb compliant, |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Topping E1x2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2023 maybe usb compliant, good |- | <!--Description-->Topping Pro E2x2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2023 maybe usb compliant, good |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->UAD UA Apollo | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2012 maybe not usb compliant, |- | <!--Description-->UA apollo 2nd Gen twin X (Duo/Quad), X4, X6, X8, X8P, and X16 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2015 bus compliant?, usb- |- | <!--Description-->UA apollo twin x quad 3rd Gen | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2018 bus compliant?, usb- |- | <!--Description-->Universal Audio Volt 1 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2021 maybe usb compliant, good, |- | <!--Description-->|Universal Audio Volt 276 2|76 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2021 maybe usb compliant, good, |- | <!--Description-->Universal Audio Volt 2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2022 maybe usb compliant, good, |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Playback | Records | Opinion |- | <!--Description-->Akai EIE Pro AI01 Electromusic Interface Expander - | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2011 maybe not usb compliant, 4-in/4-out USB 2.0 audio interface with a built-in USB hub and MIDI I/O, up to 24-bit/96kHz |- | <!--Description-->Akai EIE Pro AI02 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> maybe not usb compliant, |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->|Alesis io2 io|2, io14 io|14, io26 io|26 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{no| }} | <!--Records-->{{no| }} | <!--Opinion-->2006 bus powered but not usb compliant, okay pre-amps, 2, 4 or 8 mics respectively, |- | <!--Description-->Alesis iO2 Express | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{no| }} | <!--Records-->{{no| }} | <!--Opinion-->2010 not usb compliant, poor pre-amps, |- | <!--Description-->Alesis Core 1 USB Audio Interface | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2014 maybe cc, mini usb, poor latency, |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Apogee Duet 1 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{no| }} | <!--Records-->{{no| }} | <!--Opinion-->2009 firewire only, not usb compliant micro-usb with most features, , , two‑channel two‑in, two‑out, |- | <!--Description-->Apogee Ensemble | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{no| }} | <!--Records-->{{no| }} | <!--Opinion-->2009 firewire, not usb compliant micro-usb with most features, , , two‑channel |- | <!--Description-->Apogee One USB 1st Gen | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2010 maybe not usb compliant micro-usb for basic features, , , single‑channel up to 48kHz |- | <!--Description-->Apogee One USB 2nd Gen | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2013 maybe usb compliant usb- and maybe aa batteries, |- | <!--Description-->Apogee Duet 2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2022 maybe usb compliant usb-c with most features, , , |- | <!--Description-->Apogee One USB 3rd Gen | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2016 maybe usb compliant, |- | <!--Description-->Apogee Ensemble Thunderbolt | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2020 maybe not usb compliant micro-usb with most features, , , two‑channel |- | <!--Description-->Apogee Boom | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2022 maybe usb compliant usb-c, , , |- | <!--Description-->Apogee Duet 3 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2022 maybe usb compliant usb-c with most features, , , |- | <!--Description-->Apogee | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->ART PRO Audio Usb Mix | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2016 maybe usb compliant bus powered, |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Avid Digidesign Mbox 1 USB Audio | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0dba | <!--Product ID-->01000 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{no| }} | <!--Records-->{{no| }} | <!--Opinion-->2002 mbox original was usb1 and not a usb class compliant device, and had the much hated "focusrite designed" mic preamps, light blue front plate and the sticky out feet |- | <!--Description-->Avid Digidesign Mbox 2 USB Audio | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0dba | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{no| }} | <!--Records-->{{no| }} | <!--Opinion-->2005 midi not usb compliant |- | <!--Description-->Avid Digidesign Mbox 2 Pro USB Audio | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0dba | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{no| }} | <!--Records-->{{no| }} | <!--Opinion-->2006 not usb compliant |- | <!--Description-->Avid Digidesign Mbox 2 Mini USB Audio | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0dba | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{no| }} | <!--Records-->{{no| }} | <!--Opinion-->2007 not usb compliant |- | <!--Description-->Avid Digidesign Mbox 2 Micro USB Audio | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0dba | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{no| }} | <!--Records-->{{no| }} | <!--Opinion-->2009 not usb compliant |- | <!--Description-->AVID MBox 3rd gen Mini or Standard but Pro is Firewire | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion-->2010 maybe usb compliant, |- | <!--Description-->behringer u-control uca202 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x8bb | <!--Product ID-->0x2902 | <!--Revision-->1.00 | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2008 maybe usb compliant, draws a lot of power - dac ti burr-brown - no microphone pre-amp - |- | <!--Description-->Behringer U-CONTROL UCA 222 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2009 maybe usb compliant, - no microphone pre-amp - |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Black Lion Audio 2x2 evolution | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion-->2021 maybe usb compliant but , okay with 109dB range - poor noise floor, 24-bit 192kHz Cirrus Logic CS4272, average latency, |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Bomge 11s | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion-->2021 |- | <!--Description-->Bomge 22s | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion-->2021 |- | <!--Description-->Bomge BMG22 USB Audio Interface | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion-->2021 usb-c, 24bit 192kHz but only use much lower, may have to spend time cleaning up some of the noise, high latency, |- | <!--Description-->Bomge U202 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion-->2022 usb-c, 32bit 192kHz but only use much lower, may have to spend time cleaning up some of the noise, high latency, |- | <!--Description-->Bomge U204 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion-->2022 usb-c, 32bit 192kHz but only use much lower , may have to spend time cleaning up some of the noise, high latency, |- | <!--Description-->Bomge Mini | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion-->2024 |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->TI Burr-Brown PCM2702E PCM2704 PCM2704C Muse Audio Mini USB DAC board | <!--Vendor ID-->0x08bb | <!--Product ID-->0x2704 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> maybe usb compliant, no mic input - goodish quality |- | <!--Description-->TI Burr-Brown PCM2900 PCM2902 PCM2906 USB DAC board | <!--Vendor ID-->0x08bb | <!--Product ID-->0x2900 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> maybe usb compliant, no mic input - goodish quality |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Depusheng MD22 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion-->2022 usb-b powered, 24bit 192kHz though is 96kHz, |- | <!--Description-->Depusheng USB Audio | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion-->2023 usb-b powered, 24bit 192kHz though is 96kHz, |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->|Emagic emi 2|6 em2|6 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion-->2002 not uac |- | <!--Description-->|Emagic emi 6|2m | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion-->2005 not uac |- | <!--Description-->|Emagic emi 6|2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion-->2005 not uac |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Ego Systems, Inc. in Korea (ESI) joining with RIDI GmbH | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion-->2006 maybe not usb compliant, |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->esi Mixvibes U46 Mk II USB audio | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{no| }} | <!--Records-->{{no| }} | <!--Opinion-->2007 not usb compliant, usb-b powered, |- | <!--Description-->ESI ESU22 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion-->2008 maybe not usb compliant, |- | <!--Description-->esi U24XL | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2008 maybe usb compliant, usb-b powered, 24 bits, 2 analogue inputs and outputs with 6.3 mm jack connection, Output L can be used as a headphone output, S / PDIF digital input - |- | <!--Description-->esi U46XL | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2008 maybe usb compliant, usb-b powered, |- | <!--Description-->ESI Originals, Inc ESIO MAYA22USB | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2013 maybe usb compliant, usb-b powered, 1 xlr, |- | <!--Description-->ESI MAYA44USB+ | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2013 maybe usb compliant, usb-b powered, xlr, |- | <!--Description-->ESI Originals, Inc ESIO MARA22XTU | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2014 maybe usb compliant, usb-b powered, 1 xlr, |- | <!--Description-->ESI U22XT | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2016 usb class compliant |- | <!--Description-->ESI Gigaport Ex | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2020 usb compliant?, usb-c usb3.1, , , |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->iConnectivity iConnectAUDIO2+ icaudio-02 USB audio interface | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2016 }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->LexiconPro - Omega 8x4x2 (USB-1.1) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{no| }} | <!--Records-->{{no| }} | <!--Opinion-->2003 not usb complaint |- | <!--Description-->Lexicon Alpha | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{no| }} | <!--Records-->{{no| }} | <!--Opinion-->2006 not usb compliant, |- | <!--Description-->Lexicon Lambda | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2006 may not be compliant, |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Line 6 Toneport UX1 and Tone Port UX2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion-->2004 not usb compliant, |- | <!--Description-->Line 6 TonePort UX8 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion-->2005 maybe not class compliant, |- | <!--Description-->Line 6 POD Studio UX1 UX2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion-->2006 not usb compliant, |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Lokchonk UX22 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ljSiNmudMm0 Lokchonk UX44HD] | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion-->2023 usb-b , , , 2in 2out only, average latency, |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Mackie Onyx Artist 1·2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2006 maybe not usb compliant, usb-b powered, |- | <!--Description-->Mackie Onyx Producer 2X2 USB Audio Interface | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2008 maybe usb compliant, usb-b midi |- | <!--Description-->Mackie Onyx Blackjack | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2011 USB powered but maybe not usb compliant, Two Onyx Preamps, 2-in, 2-out which are combo Neutrik-type connectors to handle XLR, instrument or line level |- | <!--Description-->Mackie | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2011 maybe usb compliant, , , |- | <!--Description-->Media Assistance USB-One | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{no| }} | <!--Records-->{{no| }} | <!--Opinion-->2009 not uac cc comliant, |- | <!--Description-->M-Audio Fast Track USB | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2004 maybe not usb compliant, - guitar |- | <!--Description-->M-Audio Fast Track Ultra (6 in 6 out) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion-->2008 maybe usb cc providing 24-bit/96kHz audio capabilities but requires manual configuration of the mixer settings |- | <!--Description-->M-Audio M-Track | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2008 usb compliant?, okay - guitar and vocal mainly |- | <!--Description-->[https://htyp.org/M-Audio/Fast_Track_Ultra/Linux M-Audio FastTrack Ultra] and Ultra 8R | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2010 maybe usb compliant, low round-trip latency, okay octane pre amps, adc, |- | <!--Description-->M-Audio M-Track 2x2M | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2016 usb compliant? usb-c - okay pre-amps, , |- | <!--Description-->M-Audio M-Track (MkII) 2x2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2016 usb compliant? usb-c - okay pre amps, , |- | <!--Description-->M-Audio M-Track Solo | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2021 usb compliant? - okay but issues, MJN4580C opamps (lower gain 55 dB at volume 9-10), ti PCM2900C ADC 16bit means there is a hard noise floor at -96 dB, plastic build no rf shielding, |- | <!--Description-->M-Audio M-Track DUO | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2021 usb compliant? - okay but issues, MJN4580C opamps (lower gain 55 dB at volume 9-10), ti PCM2900C ADC 16bit means there is a hard noise floor at -96 dB, plastic build no rf sheild, |- | <!--Description-->M-Audio Air | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> maybe usb compliant, okay |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->NI AK1 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x17CC | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2008 maybe usb compliant, |- | <!--Description-->[https://www.pogo.org.uk/~mark/linuxdj/ Native Instruments Traktor Audio 8 DJ], [ Traktor Audio 4 DJ], [ Traktor Audio 2 DJ], | <!--Vendor ID-->0x17cc | <!--Product ID-->0x1978, 0x0839, 0x041C | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{no| }} | <!--Records-->{{no| }} | <!--Opinion-->2009 not usb compliant uses snd-usb-caiaq module, [https://mixxx.discourse.group/t/problems-with-native-instruments-audio-8-dj-on-linux/14719/2 Audio 8 device has 4 subunits which are not recognized correctly], Cirrus Logic DACs spec'd at 24-bit/96KHz over a USB2, |- | <!--Description-->NI Komplete Audio 6 Mk1 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x17CC | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2011 maybe usb compliant, pre amps, 24bit 96kHz adc, ocassional dropouts, plastic build top with metal around 3/4, |- | <!--Description-->Native Instruments NI Komplete Audio 1 and 2 USB | <!--Vendor ID-->0x17CC | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2019 maybe usb compliant, good pre amp ein -129.5 dBu, ad/dc, |- | <!--Description-->[https://support.native-instruments.com/hc/en-us/articles/360014683497-Apple-Silicon-Compatibility-News Native Instruments Komplete Audio 6 Mk2] | <!--Vendor ID-->0x17CC | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2019 maybe usb compliant, pre amps, 24bit 192kHz adc, black aluminum glass build, |- | <!--Description-->[ Native Instruments Traktor Pro] | <!--Vendor ID-->0x17cc | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2023 maybe usb compliant |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Novation AudioHub 2x4 NOVHUB01 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2008 maybe usb compliant, usb-b powered, no xlr, focusrite sounds inside, |- | <!--Description-->Novation AudioHub | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> maybe usb compliant, |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Prodipe Studio 22 Pro | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> maybe not usb compliant, |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Schiit HEL 1 USB Audio Interface | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2019 |- | <!--Description-->Schiit HEL 2 USB Audio Interface | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2021 gaming headsets mostly |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Roland Edirol UA-3 Audio Capture | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0582 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->1998 maybe not usb compliant, |- | <!--Description-->Roland Edirol UA-30 Audio Capture | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0582 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{no|no driver}} | <!--Records-->{{no|no driver}} | <!--Opinion-->1999 not usb compliant, |- | <!--Description-->Roland Edirol UA1A UA-1D Audio Capture | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0582 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{no|no driver}} | <!--Records-->{{no|no driver}} | <!--Opinion-->2000 not usb compliant, |- | <!--Description-->Roland Edirol UA-5 Audio Capture (Roland) | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0582 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{no|no driver}} | <!--Records-->{{no|no driver}} | <!--Opinion-->2000 not usb compliant, |- | <!--Description-->Roland Edirol UA-1000 Audio Capture | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0582 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{no|no driver}} | <!--Records-->{{no|no driver}} | <!--Opinion-->2004 not usb compliant, |- | <!--Description-->Roland Edirol UA-1EX, Cakewalk UA-1G | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0582 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{no|no driver}} | <!--Records-->{{no|no driver}} | <!--Opinion-->2005 not usb compliant driver also supports ASIO (Steinberg Audio Stream I/O Interface), noisy |- | <!--Description-->Roland Duo Capture UA-11 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0582 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{no|no driver}} | <!--Records-->{{no|no driver}} | <!--Opinion-->2006 not usb compliant, |- | <!--Description-->Roland QUAD-CAPTURE Analog 2x2 Digital 2x2 USB 2.0 4in/4out | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0582 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{no|no driver}} | <!--Records-->{{no|no driver}} | <!--Opinion-->2005 not usb compliant, usb-b powered |- | <!--Description-->[https://wiki.debian.org/DebianEdu/Documentation/Manuals/Rosegarden/Setup Roland Edirol UA-101 and UA-1000 (Clemens Ladisch driver)] | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0582 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{no| }} | <!--Records-->{{no| }} | <!--Opinion-->2006 not usb compliant, |- | <!--Description-->[https://github.com/mmueller-kaffeeschluerfercom/UA-25-Firmware-Modification Roland Edirol ua-25] | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0582 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2007 maybe usb compliant 16bit 44.1kHz sampling without MIDI but not USB class complient when in Advanced mode for 24bit or midi |- | <!--Description-->Edirol by Roland USB AudioCapture UA-25EX | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0582 | <!--Product ID-->0x00e6, 0x00e7 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2008 maybe usb compliant if ADVANCED DRIVER switched to OFF might play and record at 44.1kHz and 16-bit samples |- | <!--Description-->Roland Audio Interface V-Studio 20 VS-20 Cakewalk | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0582 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{no| }} | <!--Records-->{{no| }} | <!--Opinion-->2010 maybe not usb compliant, usb-b powered, 1 xlr, |- | <!--Description-->Roland Edirol UA55 UA-55 Quad Cakewalk | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0582 | <!--Product ID-->0x012f | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{no| }} | <!--Records-->{{no| }} | <!--Opinion-->2011 not USB class compliant, |- | <!--Description-->Roland DUO-CAPTURE EX UA-22 USB Audio | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0582 | <!--Product ID-->0x0159 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2013 maybe usb compliant but not be used with a USB 3.0 port that is not compatible with USB 2.0 specification, vs pre amps, adc, three AA batteries in base, or an AC adapter psb-1u 9V 2A - |- | <!--Description-->Roland Rubix series Roland Rubix22 USB 2.0 Audio Interface | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2017 maybe usb compliant, |- | <!--Description-->Roland Rubix series Roland Rubix24 USB 2.0 Audio Interface | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2017 maybe usb compliant, |- | <!--Description-->Roland | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> maybe usb compliant |- | <!--Description-->Steinberg MI2, Steinberg MI4 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{no| }} | <!--Records-->{{no| }} | <!--Opinion-->2004 not usb compliant, |- | <!--Description-->Steinberg (2004 Yamaha buys) MIDI interface hardware including the CC like CC121 CC-121 and CI1 CI2 series. | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{no|no driver}} | <!--Records-->{{no|no driver}} | <!--Opinion-->2008 not usb compliant, |- | <!--Description-->Steinberg UR12 UR22 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2013 maybe not usb compliant, poor pre-amps, |- | <!--Description-->Steinberg UR44 usb audio interface | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2014 maybe not usb compliant, poor pre-amps, |- | <!--Description-->Steinberg UR242 audio interface | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2015 maybe usb compliant, usb powered or 5v psu, okay pre-amps, |- | <!--Description-->Steinberg UR22mkII | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2018 maybe usb compliant, okay pre-amps ein -123 dBu, ad/dc, |- | <!--Description-->Steinberg UR-RT 2 USB Audio Interface | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2018 maybe usb compliant, usb2.0 usb-b, pre-amps, ad/dc, |- | <!--Description-->Steinberg UR44C (USB3) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2019 maybe usb compliant, |- | <!--Description-->Steinberg URX22C UR22C | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2021 maybe usb compliant, preamps okay but little noisy, ad/dc. |- | <!--Description-->Steinberg UR22 MkIII UR series | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2024 maybe usb compliant usb-c, okay pre-amps, adc, |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Tapco LiNK.USB 2x2 (Loud technologies WA, USA) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{no| }} | <!--Records-->{{no| }} | <!--Opinion-->2005 maybe not compliant, usb-b, poor pre-amps hum, latency issues, |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->[https://git.alsa-project.org/?p=alsa-tools.git;a=blob;f=usx2yloader/README;hb=3843634ef0310a952b256bcb6a4ddd0ad4ebe396 Teac Tascam US-422 US-428 US2XYloader] | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0644 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{no|no driver}} | <!--Records-->{{no|no driver}} | <!--Opinion-->2000 not usb compliant, |- | <!--Description-->Tascam US-122 US-224 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0644 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{no|no driver}} | <!--Records-->{{no|no driver}} | <!--Opinion-->2003 not usb compliant, needing firmware usx2yloader/us122fw.ihx for audio sound card - Tascam US-122 and US-122L are not the same - |- | <!--Description-->Tascam US-122L | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0644 | <!--Product ID-->0x800e | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{no|no driver}} | <!--Records-->{{no|no driver}} | <!--Opinion-->2006 not usb compliant, obsolete needs tascam_loader.ihx and us122fw.ihx firmware loaded each time unless automated |- | <!--Description-->Tascam US122 US-122 Mk2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{no|no driver}} | <!--Records-->{{no|no driver}} | <!--Opinion-->2004 not usb compliant although USB2 downgrade so using USB1.1 UHCI, tascam units suffer from high round-trip latency as do most typical USB units |- | <!--Description-->Tascam US144 US-144 Mk2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{no|no driver}} | <!--Records-->{{no|no driver}} | <!--Opinion-->2004 maybe usb compliant although USB2 downgrade so using USB1.1 UHCI, tascam units suffer from high round-trip latency as do most typical USB units |- | <!--Description-->Teac TASCAM US-200 USB 2.0 Audio / MIDI Interface | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{no|no driver}} | <!--Records-->{{no|no driver}} | <!--Opinion-->2011 maybe not usb compliant, |- | <!--Description-->Teac US-366 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{no|no driver}} | <!--Records-->{{no|no driver}} | <!--Opinion-->2011 maybe not usb compliant, |- | <!--Description-->Teac TASCAM US-600 USB 2.0 Audio / MIDI Interface | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{no|no driver}} | <!--Records-->{{no|no driver}} | <!--Opinion-->2011 maybe not usb compliant, |- | <!--Description-->Teac TASCAM US-800 USB 2.0 Audio / MIDI Interface | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{no|no driver}} | <!--Records-->{{no|no driver}} | <!--Opinion-->2011 may not be totally usb compliant |- | <!--Description-->Teac Tascam iU2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{no| }} | <!--Records-->{{no| }} | <!--Opinion-->2012 maybe not usb compliant, |- | <!--Description-->Teac Corp Tascam US-2x2 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0644 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2014 usb compliant?, 5v dc power, midi out in, |- | <!--Description-->Teac Corp Tascam US-4x4 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0644 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> usb compliant?, |- | <!--Description-->Teac Tascam US-16x08 US-20x20 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0644 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->teyun q12 Q-12, q22 Q-22 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> maybe usb compliant - unknown pre amp, unknown ad/dc, |- | <!--Description-->Teyun q26 Q-26, q24 Q-24 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> maybe usb compliant - unknown pre amp, unknown ad/dc, |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Yamaha UW500 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion-->2000 not class compliant, |- | <!--Description-->Yamaha Audiogram 3 USB Digital Audio Interface | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2012 maybe usb compliant, okay pre amp, 16bit 44kHz adc no advanced features without dedicated asio driver, 1 xlr, 1 instrument, |- | <!--Description-->Yamaha Audiogram 6 USB Digital Audio Interface | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2013 maybe usb compliant, okay, 2 xlr, 2 instrument, |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Zoom UAC-232 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> maybe not usb compliant, okay, |- | <!--Description-->Zoom UAC | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> maybe not usb compliant, okay, |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion--> |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Playback | Records | Opinion |- | <!--Description-->[http://www.arcam.co.uk/products,rseries,usb-dacs,rPAC.htm Arcam rPac] | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Audioquest Dragonfly | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Audioengine D1 Premium 24-bit DAC | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Beresford TC-7520 (Burr Brown PCM 1716) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Beresford TC-7520 + Burson Buffer + MK3 JKSPDIF | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->[http://epiphany-acoustics.co.uk/products-page/dacs/e-dac-24bit-miniature-usb-dac/ Epiphany E-DAC 24bit] ES9023 DAC chip | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Firestone Audio FUBAR II Mk2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Firestone Audio iLoveTW 24Bit USB DAC | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->FiiO D5 ta2020 chip amp | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->FiiO E07K Andes | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->FiiO E17 Alpen | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->GoVibe Magnum | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->GoVibe Martini-U | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->GoVibe Vulcan | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Halide Design DAC HD (Wolfson WM8716) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->HRT Steamer II USB DAC | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->John Kenny JKDAC uses a 24-bit/192&nbsp;kHz Sabre ES9022 DAC or better JKDAC32 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> iBasso D12 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Leckerton UHA-6S MKII | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->MyST 1866 PortaDAC | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Objective DAC ODAC+O2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Rega DAC (Wolfson WM8742) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Playback | Records | Opinion |- | <!--Description-->[http://www.henryaudio.com/open-source.php Henry Audio USB DAC 128 also known as QNKTC AB-1.2 open source DAC] | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Henry Audio mkII | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->AKM4430 DAC chip comes from Asahi Kasai |- | <!--Description-->DevilSound USB DAC | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Zoom U series | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->KingRex UD-01 SE (Burr-Brown PCM 2702E) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->SuperPro 24/192 USB DAC (24bit 192&nbsp;kHz, CS-4398 D/A chip) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Playback | Records | Opinion |- | CMedia CM108 7.1ch emulation I2S in and out | 0x1926 | 0x0003 | 0x0100 | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | [http://www.lindy.co.uk/usb-2-audio-adapter/42961.html Lindy USB 2.0] (Chipset CM108) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | Speed-Link SL-8850-SBK Vigo ([http://mightyohm.com/forum/viewtopic.php?p=1036#p1030 CMedia CM108]) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | Dynamode USB SOUNDCARD 2.0 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0003 | <!--Product ID-->0x1130 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | Dynamode Virtual 7.1 USB-SOUND7 (C-Media ) | 0x0d8c | 0x000c 0x000e | 1.00 | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Generic White box with very little red led and white USB lead (CMedia ) | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0d8c | <!--Product ID--> 0c000e | <!--Revision-->1.00 | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion--> |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Playback | Records | Opinion |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | CM109 CiT SC-U119 5.1 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion--> |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Playback | Records | Opinion |- | CMedia CM1197.1ch I2C MCU port Penguin | 0x0D8C | 0x0000 | 0x010 | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion--> |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Playback | Records | Opinion |- | <!--Description-->Sweex 7.1 Startech External USB, WMA Blue metal box SYBA SD-AUD20040, Sabrent USB-SND8, Sewell Vantec NBA-200U (C-Media CM6206 CM106 like) | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0d8c | <!--Product ID-->0x0102 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->50/50 if the item is detected but does not work |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Creative Labs SoundBlaster X-fi | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Creative X-Fi Go | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Creative X-Fi 5.1 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Creative Sound Blaster Play! USB sound adapter (SB1140) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> working with [http://www.amiga.org/forums/showpost.php?p=646431&postcount=15 Deneb on OS3] |- | <!--Description-->Asus Xonar U1 (ASUS UA100 USB Audio Chip) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Asus Xonar U3 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Playback | Records | Opinion |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Griffin iMic | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->M-Audio Transit | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Icemat Siberia (steel series) (Cmedia chipset) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->JMTek HY554, ZyXEL NSA-220, Logilink (Tenx Technology TP6911 and SSS-1623 headphone set) | 0x0C76 0x1130 | 0x1605 0x1607 0xf211 | 0x | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> reports on other OS not good |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Plantronics "DSP Adapter-01" (or "USB Adapter-02") | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Rocksmith Real Tone Cable | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->RSA Intruder Predator | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->StarTech ICUSBAUDIO7 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0d8c | <!--Product ID-->0x000c | <!--Revision-->1.00 | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Stoner Acoustics UD100 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Teac UDH01-B | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Terratec Aureon 5.1 USB | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Terratec Aureon 5.1 USB MKII | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->TerraTec Electronic GmbH Aureon Dual USB | 0x0ccd | 0x0077 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Terratec Phase26 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Trust 510 EX 5.1 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Logitech A-5572A USB 2.0 to 3.5mm jacks Virtual 7.1 Surround Sound Adapter or accessory of Logitech Clearchat pro USB or Logitech USB Headset H530 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0003 | <!--Product ID-->0x046D | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Trumix TM-10 USB Audio Interface | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion-->2024 maybe cc |- | <!--Description-->Trumix TM-12 USB-C | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion-->2024 maybe cc usb compliant, |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Turtle Beach Audio Advantage Amigo Micro II USB Sound Card & Headset Adapter | <!--Vendor ID-->0x10F5 | <!--Product ID-->0x0211 | <!--Revision-->0100 | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->Vantec NBA-100U 7.1 Channel | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback-->{{unk| }} | <!--Records-->{{unk| }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Playback--> | <!--Records--> | <!--Opinion--> |} Companies including Access, Alesis, Allen&Heath, American Audio, CME, ESI, Infrasonic, Lexicon, Numark, Presonus, Reloop, SIMS, Sound Devices, Steinberg, Swissonic, Tascam, Terrasoniq, Terratec, Yamaha and Yellowtec decided to license and bundle this driver. So fully functional custom drivers are available for Access Virus TI, Access Virus TI snow, Alesis Multimix 8 USB2.0, Alesis Multimix 16 USB2.0, Allen&Heath XONE:2D, Allen&Heath XONE:3D, Allen&Heath XONE:4D, Allen&Heath XONE:DX, Allen&Heath XONE:DB4, American Audio Versa Port, CME XCORPIO, ESI ESU1808, ESI Gigaport AG / DG, ESI Maya 44 USB, Infrasonic Amon, Lexicon I-ONIX U22, Lexicon I-ONIX U42S, Lexicon I-ONIX U82S, Mindprint DI-MOD USB, Numark DJ IO, Numark NS6, Numark NS7, Numark Omni Control, Numark V7, Presonus Audiobox USB, Reloop Digital Jockey, SIMS Primus, Sound Devices USB pre, Steinberg MI2, Steinberg MI4, Swissonic Easy USB, Tascam M-164UF, Tascam US-122L, Tascam US-144, Tascam US-Tascam US-144mkII 122mkII, Tascam US-200, Tascam US-600, Tascam US-1641, Tascam US-1800, Tascam US-2000, Terratec Area 61, Terrasoniq Phase X64, Terratec Phase 26 USB, Yamaha UW10, Yamaha UW500, Yellowtec PUC2 and many others. Well, those companies are using the same driver framework because all of those interfaces use the same microprocessor/firmware architecture to communicate with the USB bus. Just like almost all FireWire audio interfaces use the same TC Dice or BridgeCo chipsets. Usually it does not make sense for companies to develop their own USB1.1/USB2/FW framework for a product they are going to sell for <$500. However, that isn't the end of the story. The companies who develop audio interfaces implement different features into their devices and must update the driver and firmware to accommodate those features. That is where things can go wrong. Sometimes there is miss-communication about how things are coded, sometimes the developer who started a project leaves without transferring his knowledge to his successor, etc. You have to keep in mind that there are no "big" computer audio companies. Even the companies that seem big in the scale of the market, probably have fewer employees than you'd think. A very well made interface that is designed from scratch from the ground up would be a very expensive device, regardless of whether it's USB, FW, PCIe or whatever. Round-trip latency is the sum of the following: <pre> ASIO input buffer ASIO output buffer A/D D/A converter latency The driver's hidden safety buffer </pre> At a 64-sample ASIO buffer size/44.1k, Tascam units yield ~18ms total round-trip latency. Typical USB audio interfaces use a large hidden safety buffer. This helps ensure glitch-free playback... even under less than ideal circumstances. But... this comes at the expense of much higher round-trip latency. Short of doubling the sample-rate, there's no means of mitigating the higher round-trip latency. If you have no plans of ever monitoring in realtime thru software based EFX/processing (ie: playing/monitoring DI bass thru an AmpSim plugin as you're playing), then this may not matter to you. If you want the ability this play/monitor in realtime thru software based EFX/processing, make sure to get an audio interface that yields low round-trip latency. As a point of reference the best PCI/e audio interfaces yield about 5ms total round-trip latency at a 64-sample ASIO buffer size/44.1k The best Firewire and USB units yield 5.5-5.6ms total round-trip latency at those same settings. Typical USB and Firewire units (that use a large hidden safety buffer) yield 12-18ms total round-trip latency at those same settings. Anything above ~6ms starts to feel sluggish. Anything above ~10ms feels like playing thru molasses. USB Microphones {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | <!--Description-->C-Media Electronics, Inc. CM108 Audio Controller Mic | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0d8c | <!--Product ID-->0x013c | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Elgato WaveMic | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Elgato Wave:1 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2019 no driver }} |- | <!--Description-->Elgato Wave:3 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2019 no driver lightweight }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->hyperx solocast | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2018 no driver}} |- | <!--Description-->hyperx quadcast | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2018 no driver}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Sennheiser CC510 USB | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Opinion |- | <!--Description-->Alesis USB-Mic microphone podcasting kit | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Audio-Technica AT2020 (AT202) AT4040 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Audio-Technica AT2035 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Behringer B1 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Blue Microphones Snowball | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Blue Microphones Snowball iCE | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| cardioid only }} |- | <!--Description-->Blue Microphones Yeti | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|can pick up a lot of background noise but not sure if right mode used }} |- | <!--Description-->Blue Microphones Yeti Pro | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| can pick up a lot of background noise but not sure if right mode used }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->MXL 2001A/600 Studio Microphone Pack / MXL 2003A Studio Condenser | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Microsoft LifeChat LX-3000 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Namtai SingStar(TM) PS2 SCEH-0001 USBMIC | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1415 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision-->0.01 | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| mono microphones }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Neumann MT48 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Razer Seiren X | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Razer Seiren Mini USB Condenser Microphone | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Rockband USB Mic | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Rode NT1A VideoMic Pro | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Rode Podcaster 2 USB | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| RODECaster Pro usb audio compatible}} |- | <!--Description-->Rode NT1A NT2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| NT2 better }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Roland R-07 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Samson Go Mic - Portable USB Microphone for Recording | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| mini usb r.h.s. and clip on the bottom left hand side}} |- | <!--Description-->Samson Go Mic Clip On USB Microphone | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| switch to choose between Cardiod, Omni and -10&nbsp;dB modes, a 3.5mm headphone socket and a USB socket}} |- | <!--Description-->Samson C01U | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| cardoid only}} |- | <!--Description-->Samson C03U | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Shure MV7 USB Podcast Microphone | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Shure MV7+ XLR & USB-C dynamic microphone | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Opinion |- | <!--Description-->SONY PCM-D50 handy | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| one mini usb 5V, }} |- | <!--Description-->Sony PCM-M10 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| one mini usb out 5V, }} |- | <!--Description-->SONY | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| one mini usb out, }} |- | <!--Description-->SONY | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| one mini usb out, }} |- | <!--Description-->TASCAM DR-1 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2008, one mini usb out, lithium battery}} |- | <!--Description-->Tascam DR-07 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2009, one mini usb out, aa battery}} |- | <!--Description-->Tascam DR05 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2011, one mini usb port for file transfer and charging the AA batteries }} |- | <!--Description-->Tascam DR-40 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2011 mini usb aa battery }} |- | <!--Description-->Tascam DR-07mkII | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2012 , one mini usb out, }} |- | <!--Description-->Tascam DR-05X | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2019 , one micro usb out, }} |- | <!--Description-->Tascam DR-07X | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2019 , one micro usb out, }} |- | <!--Description-->Tascam DR-40X | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2019 , one micro usb 3 aa battery }} |- | <!--Description-->Tascam DR-05XP | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 , one usb-c , }} |- | <!--Description-->Tascam DR-07XP | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 , one usb-c , }} |- | <!--Description-->Tascam DR-40XP | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 , one usb-c, }} |- | <!--Description-->Tascam DR-100mkIII | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| , usb , }} |- | <!--Description-->Tascam | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| , usb , }} |- | <!--Description-->Zoom H4 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1686 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2006 no driver, mini usb 5V }} |- | <!--Description-->Zoom H2 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1686 | <!--Product ID-->0x0095 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2007 no driver, mini usb 5V audio i/f USB Card and USB Audio; press the Record button when USB Audio is displayed. Press Record again to choose the default }} |- | <!--Description-->Zoom H4n | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1686 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2009 no driver, mini usb 5V }} |- | <!--Description-->Zoom H1 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1686 | <!--Product ID-->0x0120 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2010 no driver, mini usb 5V and display will alternate between USB Card and USB Audio; press the Record button when USB Audio is displayed. Press Record again to choose the default }} |- | <!--Description-->Zoom H2n | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1686 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2011 no driver, mini usb 5V audio i/f press the Record. Press Record again to choose the default }} |- | <!--Description-->Zoom H4n PRO | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1686 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2011 no driver, mini usb 5V }} |- | <!--Description-->Zoom H6 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1686 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2013 untested, 2xlr, 5v mini usb, }} |- | <!--Description-->Zoom H5 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1686 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2014 no driver, 5v mini usb, 2 xlr, }} |- | <!--Description-->Zoom H1n-vp handy | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1686 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2018 no driver, mini usb 5V }} |- | <!--Description-->Zoom H6studio | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1686 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 untested}} |- | <!--Description-->Zoom | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1686 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|no driver}} |- | <!--Description-->Zoom Q3 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1686 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2008 untested usb a cord, no hdmi, 480p}} |- | <!--Description-->Zoom Q3HD Handy Video Recorder | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1686 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2010 untested, built in usb-a cord, mini hdmi, 1 hour on 2 AA batteries, H.264 movies 480p }} |- | <!--Description-->Zoom Q2HD Handy | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1686 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2012 untested, up 720p but no stablisation, mini usb cord, 1 hour on 2 AA batteries}} |- | <!--Description-->Zoom Q4 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1686 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2014 untested, li-ion battery}} |- | <!--Description-->Zoom Q4N | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1686 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2015 untested, li-ion battery}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Opinion |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Audio Technica ATR4697-USB Boundary Microphone | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->CAD Audio CAD USB Condenser Boundary Microphone | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->MXL AC-44 Boundary Conferencing Mic | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Samson Audio SAUB1 Boundary Microphone (USB) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |} USB Speakers {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Focal XS 2.1 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- |} USB Headset Wired/Wireless {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | Logitech Vantage Wired (came free with PS2 Socom3) | | | | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | Logitech G330 | | | | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | Logitech Premium USB Stereo Headset 350 | | | | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | Plantronics DSP-300 | | | | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | Plantronics GameCom 777 | | | | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Opinion |- | <!--Description-->Wireless | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | Logitech G-930 Wireless | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | [http://www.makeuseof.com/tag/set-usb-wireless-earphones/ Plantronics Audio 995 Wireless RF] | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | Sennheiser Wireless | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- |} [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Be1e0QPIPK0 Mixers] {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | <!--Description-->ALESIS MULTIMIX 4 CHANNEL USB MIXER | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Alesis - MultiMix 8 USB FX (USB 1.0) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->2010 usb compliant?, up to 16-bit/48kHz, 18v 500mA - |- | <!--Description-->Alesis - MultiMix 8 USB 2.0 FX (USB 2.0) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->2012 usb compliant?, up to 16-bit/48kHz, |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Allen&Heath MixWiz16 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> maybe not usb compliant, |- | <!--Description-->Allen and Heath ZED Power 1000 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no usb 8 xlr, usb-b out, }} |- | <!--Description-->Allen & Heath ZEDi-10 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> maybe not usb compliant, |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Behringer XENYX 302USB | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| 5-Input Mixer/Audio Interface - 1 xlr - }} |- | <!--Description-->Behringer Xenyx Q502USB Mixer | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|no driver}} Behringer 2*18.5V 250ma psu - 1 xlr - phanton power - |- | <!--Description-->Behringer Xenyx Q802USB | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no driver}} Behringer 2*18.5V 250ma psu - 2 xlr - phanton power - |- | <!--Description-->BEHRINGER XENYX 1204USB 8-Channel 2-Bus Mixer USB/Audio Interface Studio/Live | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no driver}} iec kettle psu lead - can develop constant background hiss over time |- | <!--Description-->Behringer XENYX X1222USB | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no driver - 12-Channel Analog Mixer with USB Interface and Effects}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no driver}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no driver}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no driver}} |- | <!--Description-->Depusheng HT-7 HT7USB 7 Channel Audio Mixer | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|2023 cheap no driver, USB MP3 player to work, format your USB stick Fat32 as a Logical drive - not primary}} |- | <!--Description-->Depusheng XT7 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|2025 cheap no driver}} |- | <!--Description-->Depusheng DT8 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|2025 cheap no driver}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no driver}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no driver}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no driver}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no driver}} |- | <!--Description-->Spirit soundcraft Folio FX8 with Lexicon Effects Processor | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no driver}} unusual power connector - [https://github.com/lack/soundcraft-utils usb routing] - |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no driver}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no driver}} |- | <!--Description-->Weymic Professional F7 7-Channel 2-Bus Mixer | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|2022 no driver, cheap mixer with 3pin ac input (introduces noise) and 1 usb-a port}} |- | <!--Description-->Weymic Professional F7-Pro 7-Channel 2-Bus Mixer | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|2022 no driver}} |- | <!--Description-->Weymic A80 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|2024 no driver}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no driver}} |- | <!--Description-->Yamaha | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no driver}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no driver}} |- |} Mixer no hardware usb {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no usb}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no usb}} |- | <!--Description-->ALTO Lynx MIX82FX Audio Mixer | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no usb}} |- | <!--Description-->Alto L16 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no usb}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no usb}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no usb}} |- | <!--Description-->Behringer MXUL5 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no usb}} |- | <!--Description-->Behringer MX602A | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no usb}} |- | <!--Description-->Behringer Eurorack UB502 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no usb 17.5V 3pin psu needed}} |- | <!--Description-->Behringer Eurorack UB802 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no usb 2 xlr,}} |- | <!--Description-->Behringer Eurorack UB1002 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no usb 2 xlr,}} |- | <!--Description-->Behringer Eurorack UB1202 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no usb 4 xlr, }} |- | <!--Description-->Behringer Eurorack UB1602 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no usb}} |- | <!--Description-->Behringer RX1602 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no usb}} |- | <!--Description-->Behringer 802 XENYX 8-Input 2-Bus Mixer Small Format Mixer | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no driver}} Behringer 18.5V ???ma psu - 2 xlr - phanton power - |- | <!--Description-->Behringer Xenyx 502 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no usb}} |- | <!--Description-->Behringer Xenyx | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no usb}} |- | <!--Description-->Behringer | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no usb}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no hardware usb connection}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no usb}} |- | <!--Description-->IMG stage Line MMX-122 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no usb, 4 xlr, iec cable}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no hardware usb connection}} |- | <!--Description-->Mackie 802VLZ4 Mackie 802-VLZ4 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no usb , psu}} |- | <!--Description-->Mackie 1202-VLZ Pro | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no usb, mains iec}} |- | <!--Description-->Mackie Mix5 Mixer | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no usb}} 18v 300mA psu - 5 Channel - |- | <!--Description-->Mackie Mix8 Mixer | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no usb}} 9v x2 600mA psu - |- | <!--Description-->Mackie MIX12FX | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no usb, 4 xlr, 9v 500mA x2 psu, }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no hardware usb connection}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no usb}} |- | <!--Description-->[https://www.soundcraft.com/en/product_documents/en/owners_manual Soundcraft] Spirit Folio F1 Fader 100 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no driver}} 16 Channel Mixer - |- | <!--Description-->Soundcraft EPM6 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no hardware usb connection}} |- | <!--Description-->Soundcraft EPM8 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no hardware usb connection}} |- | <!--Description-->Harman Soundcraft EPM 12 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no driver}} iec kettle power lead - |- | <!--Description-->Soundcraft EPM 16 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no driver}} |- | <!--Description-->Soundcraft Notepad 8FX | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no hardware usb connection}} |- | <!--Description-->Soundcraft Notepad UI12 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> connect via wifi |- | <!--Description-->Soundcraft Notepad UI16 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> connect via wifi |- | <!--Description-->Soundcraft Notepad 124FX | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no hardware usb connection, 14.8V x2 3 pin psu}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no hardware usb connection}} |- | <!--Description-->t.mix xmix 1402fx mp usb | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no hardware usb connection, mains iec, }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no hardware usb connection}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no hardware usb connection}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no hardware usb connection}} |- |} ==Webcameras== A USB camera has two dedicated chips: a controller or bridge and an image sensor. There was no Commodore support for video interfaces. The only commercial, now discontinued application that defined some sort of standard was VHI Studio by iospirit. ===OLD standards=== See [http://www.e3b.de/usb/main_supported_e.html support pages] and [http://www.e3b.de/usb/main_faq_e.html here] and some [http://webcam-osx.sourceforge.net/cameras/index.php?orderBy=status further compatibility] Pencam STV680 {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | AIPTEK stv680 | 0x0553 | 0x0202 | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | Konica e-mini | 0x04c8 | 0x0722 | | {{N/A|untested }} |- | DigitalDream l'espion XS | 0x1183 | 0x0001 | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | [http://reviews.cnet.com/webcams/creative-webcam-go/1707-6502_7-1446174.html Creative WebCam Go mini] | 0x041e | 0x4007 | | {{N/A|untested}} |- |} SonixcamTool (Sonix webcams and derivates) '''Note [http://amigadev.free.fr/sonix/ some] Sonix Webcams with a Sonix SN9C1xx controller ''and'' a pas106b or tas5110c1b sensor support bulk mode which works even with pciusb.device!''' {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | Macally IceCam II | 0x0c45 | 0x05d8 | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | Sweex MiniCam 100K | 0x0c45 | 0x6005 | | {{N/A|untested - sensor tas5110c1b}} |- | Macally IceCam Portable | 0x0c45 | 0x6007 | | {{N/A|untested - sensor tas5110d}} |- | Sweex 100K | 0x0c45 | 0x6009 | 0x0101 | {{yes|bulk works - sensor pas106b}} |- | [http://www.epinions.com/pr-Chicony_TwinkleCam_Webcam/display_~full_specs Chicony Twinkle DC-2110A] | 0x0c45 | 0x600d | | {{no|no}} |- | Unknown | 0x0c45 | 0x601e | | {{no|no}} |- | USB PC Camera (SN9C102) | 0x0c45 | 0x6028 | | {{no|no - sn9c10x + pas202b}} |- | Trust SpaceC@m 120 and 150 | 0x0c45 | 0x6029 | | {{N/A|untested - sensor pas106a}} |- | HiRes Webcam Live | 0x0c45 | 0x602c | | {{no|no - sensor ov7630}} |- | [http://www.sweex.com/en/assortiment/sound-vision/webcams/JA000020 Sweex USB Webcam 300K] | 0x0c45 | 0x608f | | {{no|no - sensor ov7630}} |- | Speedlink Sphere Webcam SL-6820, 350K | 0x0c45 | 0x613c | 0x0101 | {{N/A|untested - sensor HV7131R}} |- | WB-3250P | 0x0c45 | 0x613e | | {{no|no - sensor ov7630}} |- | Unknown | 0x0c45 | 0x6207 | | {{no|no}} |} <pre> micromaxx USB Camera STM 1363 514 works --- USB Tower Lego 1684 1 works need NCQ Trust Spycam 100plus STM 1363 514 works </pre> ov51x.class - no driver {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | D-Link VGA Webcam (640x480) | 0x05a9 | 0x8519 | | {{no|no driver}} |- | Sony PS2 EyeToy Logitech/Logicool Black (ov519) SCEH-0004 | 0x054c | 0x0154 | | {{no|no driver}} |- | Sony PS2 EyeToy Namtai Silver (ov519) SLEH-00031 SLEH-00030 | 0x054c | 0x0155 | | {{no|no driver}} |- |} ===UVC.class - [https://www.usb.org/document-library/video-class-v15-document-set USB Device Class Definition for Video Devices or USB Video Class]=== AROS does not supported as still needs an uvc.class which might create a virtual UVC.VHI or an expanded streaming device driver for use by AROS apps *2003 UVC 1.0 baseline streaming of uncompressed YUV422, MJPEG, and compressed MPEG-2 TS, DV *2005 [http://www.cajunbot.com/wiki/images/8/85/USB_Video_Class_1.1.pdf UVC 1.1] baseline HD 720p streams formats, usb2 support, *2012 [https://www.usb.org/document-library/video-class-v15-document-set UVC 1.5] added usb3 devices and compressed h.264 and VP8 formats *2019 the market is filled with UVC Compliant USB HDMI Capture *Aros needs to read the camera’s class-specific Video Control (VC) unit and terminal descriptors. *Identifies the devices as UVC-compatible and links it to the native UVC class driver, so no separate driver installation is required. *Aros and camera determine the appropriate streaming settings, including format, resolution, and frame rate. *Once set, video data moves from the image sensor to the onboard ISP, then through the USB controller and into the host system for viewing, analysis, or recording *More advanced functions, such as HDR, ROI, and hardware trigger support, can be managed {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | <!--Description-->Acasis 4K30 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|}} |- | <!--Description-->Acasis 4K60 HD VS009 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|4k 60hz ok for chat streams}} |- | <!--Description-->Acasis 4K60 HDMI HDR Game Live Video Capture | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| for chat streams }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->AJA U-tap HDMI | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|}} |- | <!--Description-->ASUS TUF CU4K30 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->ATEN CAMLIVE HDMI to USB-C UVC Video Capture adapter UC3020 HDMI (F) TO USB-C M | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2019 possibly UVC and UAC standard support allows up to 1080P @ 60}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Avermedia Live Streamer Cap 4K - BU113 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x07ca | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2021 uvc usb3}} |- | <!--Description-->AVerMedia GC515 video capturing device | <!--Vendor ID-->0x07ca | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2021 USB 3.2 Gen 1 (3.1 Gen 1)}} |- | <!--Description-->AVerMedia Live Gamer Ultra GC553 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x07ca | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2021 usb3 powered by Type C USB cable and 4K HDMI cable}} |- | <!--Description-->AVerMedia Live Gamer Ultra S GC553PROW 302AGC553DL2 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x07ca | <!--Product ID-->0x1553 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2021 powered by good quality type C USB3 cable and 4K HDMI 2.0 cable}} |- | <!--Description-->AVermedia Live Gamer Mini GC311 302AGC311DG9 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x07ca | <!--Product ID-->0x1311 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2021 uvc compliant up to 1080p 60fps capture and supports internal hardware H.264 encoding - if flashing blue light try another '''quality''' micro usb cable - }} |- | <!--Description-->AVerMedia Ez Recorder 330 (ER330) | <!--Vendor ID-->0x07ca | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2021 designed to work independently and is generally not compatible as a plug-and-play UVC capture card }} |- | <!--Description-->AVerMedia Live Gamer extreme3 GC551G2 (LGX3) | <!--Vendor ID-->0x07ca | <!--Product ID-->0x3551 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2022 uvc compliant for intensive gaming streams, some vrr but no hdr with maximum recording resolution of 4K30/1080p60 from fully wired usb3 compatible cable - passing through 4K60/1080p120 Game Capture video capturing device HDMI}} |- | <!--Description-->AVerMedia Live Gamer Ultra Pro GC553Pro | <!--Vendor ID-->0x07ca | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2024 usb3 }} |- | <!--Description-->AVerMedia Live Gamer Ultra 2.1 GC553G2 61GC553G20BV video capturing device | <!--Vendor ID-->0x07ca | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 USB 3.2 Gen 1 (3.1 Gen 1)}} |- | <!--Description-->AVerMedia GC575 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x07ca | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 usb3 powered by Type C USB cable and 4K HDMI cable}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->AVMatrix | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->ClonerAlliance Flint 4KP Plus | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->DIGITNOW U600 video capture card | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2022 uvc uac }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Epiphan AV.io HD | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Epiphan AV.io 4K | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Elgato Cam Link 4K | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0FD9 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2018 uvc }} |- | <!--Description-->[https://github.com/elgatosf/capture-device-support Elgato HD60 S+] | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0FD9 | <!--Product ID-->0x006C, 0x006E | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2019 4K 30FPS capture, 1080p 60FPS uvc}} |- | <!--Description-->Elgato HD60 X | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0FD9 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2022 uvc }} |- | <!--Description-->Elgato Cam Link 4K HDMI video capture card | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0FD9 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 uvc compliant but can have usb disconnects}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->EVGA XR1 USB | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2021 USB 3.0 device with 1080/60 capture and 4K/60 passthrough}} |- | <!--Description-->EVGA XR1 lite USB | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2022 USB 3.0 device }} |- | <!--Description-->EVGA XR1 Pro USB | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2021 USB 3.0 device with 1080/60 capture and 4K/60 passthrough}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->EZcap Game Link Raw - ezcap321 usb3.1 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2022 2160p30, 1080p120 and 1440p60 HDMI input and pass-through. - 1080p120, 2160p30 and 1440p60 recording. - Latency less than 50ms uvc}} |- | <!--Description-->EZCap GameDock Ultra | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2022 record at 4K30, 1440p60, and 1080p120}} |- | <!--Description-->EZcap 360 Game Capture Extreme | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2023 USB 3.0, 4K 60FPS passthru and 1080p 240FPS}} |- | <!--Description-->EZCAP 364 GameDock Extreme 2.1 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2024 }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Genki ShadowCast 1 & 2, the Pro version | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->HAUPPAUGE HD PVR Pro 60 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2021 4K in/Out 1080P 60fps Capture and Streaming PC Connected and Stand Alone }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->INOGENI 4K2USB3 2830 3826 HDMI 4K to USB 3.0 UHD 1080p Video Capture Card | <!--Vendor ID-->0x2997 | <!--Product ID-->0x0004 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2019 uvc compliant made in Canada - usb3-b socket and 1 hdmi 1080p from 23.98 up to 60p, 4K@30 fps maybe - }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Kondor Blue | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Nanjing Magewell Electronics Co ltd USB 3.0 XI100DUSB-HDMI Pro Capture | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2013 }} |- | <!--Description-->Magewell USB3.0 Silver HDMI Full HD Video Capture Device 1080p 32011 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2013 usb audio extract HDMI embedded audio output via headphones}} |- | <!--Description-->Magewell USB capture HDMI PLUS 2K 32040 320400000 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2014 captures video up to 1920×1200, 1920×1080 or 2048×1080 at 60 fps over an HDMI capture from devices such as game consoles in up to DCI 4Kp60 4:2:0 input resolution, and it automatically upscales/downscales the signal to 2K for recording or streaming}} |- | <!--Description-->Magewell USB capture HDMI Gen2 32060 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2015 1080p gets hot, 165M HDMI receiver, max input 2048x1080 60fps 4:4:4, RGB/YUV 4:4:4 8/10/12-bit, YUY 4:2:2 12-bit, up to 8-channel 24-bit HDMI-embedded audio at 192kHz, HDMI 1.4a, output from 480p to 1080p, YUY2/UYVY/RGB24/RGB32 support video cropping, up/down scaling, de-interlacing, aspect ratio conversion, color format conversion, frame rate conversion, flip and mirror, up to 2-channel IEC60958 audio streams, 5V 0.5A 2.5W, }} |- | <!--Description-->Magewell USB Capture 4K Plus 32090 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2022 limited by the bandwidth of USB 3.0, the maximum frame rate can only reach 30 fps when capturing}} |- | <!--Description-->Magewell USB Capture 4K PRO | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2024 }} |- | <!--Description-->Magewell Pro Convert IP to USB | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|Captures one network eth NDI® High Bandwidth, NDI® HX2, NDI® HX3 sources or H.264/H.265 video source into software at resolutions up to 1080p60}} |- | <!--Description-->Magewell USB Fusion | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|versatile USB video capture device that allows users to switch between two HDMI inputs and one USB webcam input for live presentations}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->ROLAND UVC-01 USB Video Capture | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2020 }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Sunplus Innovation Technology Inc. MiraBox HSV321 ARX321 Video Capture device | <!--Vendor ID-->ox1bcf | <!--Product ID-->0x2c99 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2022 uvc uac }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->UGREEN CM716 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| uvc uac but disable HDCP on your source device (PS4/PS5, Xbox) }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->VisionTek UVC HD60 Capture Card | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- |} {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | <!--Description-->Acer Aspire Crystal Eye AOA110 AOA150 0.3M | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|2008 webcam }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|}} |- | <!--Description-->AVerMedia Live Streamer CAM 313 (PW313) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|2019 uvc 1080p/30 webcam}} |- | <!--Description-->AVerMedia Live Streamer DUO | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|2021 uvc 1080p/60 webcam}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|}} |- | <!--Description-->[http://reviews.cnet.co.uk/webcams/creative-live-cam-optia-af-review-49294183/ Creative Live Cam Optia AF] 2.0M | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | {{no|2008 }} |- | <!--Description-->DSLR macro extensions + a cheap 50mm E-Series lens + some PVC tubing and a negative holder | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{yes| if uvc camera chosen}} |- | <!--Description-->DSLR scanning using a macro lens, for the adapter, for a 3d printed negative holder) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{yes| if uvc camera used }} |- | <!--Description-->Logitech C270 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x046d | <!--Product ID-->0x0825 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|720p }} |- | <!--Description-->Logitech C910 C920 HD Pro 5Megapixels 720p | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|Output mjpg 1080p}} |- | <!--Description-->Logitech C920s c922 HD Pro 5Megapixels 1080p | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|Output mjpg 1080p}} |- | <!--Description-->Logitech | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|}} |- | <!--Description-->Logitech Brio 100 300 500 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|}} 1080p |- | <!--Description-->Logitech MX Brio 4k | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|4k}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|}} |- | <!--Description-->Microsoft's LifeCam HD-3000 HD-5000 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x045e | <!--Product ID--> 0x0779 | <!--Revision-->1.06 | <!--Opinion-->{{no|}} |- | <!--Description-->Microsoft LifeCam Cinema | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|}} |- | <!--Description-->Microsoft LifeCam Studio | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|}} sony imx179 1080p |- | <!--Description-->Pi | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|}} 1/2.8” Sony IMX291 image sensor, it's a 2MP, UVC-compliant, ultra-wide-angle, low light, high-speed USB 2.0 |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|}} OV5648 |- | <!--Description-->razer kiyo | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|}} 4 megapixel sensor 1080p 30fps 720p 60fps - 12 led ring light adjustable |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|}} |- | <!--Description-->TeckNet C068 1.3mpixel HTD USB2.0 Camera Vimicro Z-Star Corp | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0AC8 | <!--Product ID--> 0x3420 | <!--Revision-->0x01FA | <!--Opinion-->{{no|}} |- | <!--Description-->[https://github.com/wltechblog/thingino-installers/tree/main/wyze-cam-4 Wyze Cam V4] [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H0QLiC9QoQU firmware] | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no| verified with os04d10 sensor (i2c 0x3c) but not GC4653 (i2c 0x29)}} |- | <!--Description-->YEALINK(XIAMEN) NETWORK UVC50 is compatible with the UVC 1.1 protocol CP960-UVC50 and CP960-UVC80 kits PTZ, CP960-UVC30 Kit is UVC 1.5 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|}} |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Opinion |- | <!--Description-->Amcrest ProHD 1080P WiFi Wireless IP Security Camera - 1080P (1920TVL), [https://www.ispyconnect.com/man.aspx%3Fn%3DAmcrest IP2M-841] nvr | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|}} h264/rtsp, motion detection, features Sony image sensor and Ambarella processor - rtsp://[username]:[password]@[IPaddress]:[port]/cam/realmonitor?channel=[channel]&subtype=[stream] - [username] - username to login to the DVR or NVR, [password] - password, [IPaddress] - IP address of the device. If you are not on the same local network, this should be the external IP address of the device's network, [port] - port number, [channel] - channel number of the stream, [stream] - view the Main or Sub stream. (main stream is 0, sub stream is 1) , eg. rtsp://admin:admin@192.108.1.108:80/cam/realmonitor?channel=1&subtype=1 - utilizing RTSP ( rtsp://user:pass@ipcam1 ) |- | <!--Description-->Axis all modern ones | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|}} RTSP/RTP + H264/mjpeg or MJPEG over HTTP |- | <!--Description-->PTZ | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|}} |- | <!--Description-->DLink DCS-5222 5222L network camera | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|}} camera streams H.264 over RTP controlled by RTSP |- | <!--Description-->Dlink DCS900 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|}} |- | <!--Description-->Sony | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|}} |- | <!--Description-->Wansview 1080p [http://marc.merlins.org/perso/linuxha/post_2013-11-10_Reviewing-IP-Webcams-for-Linux-and-Zoneminder_Dlink-DCS900_-Ubnt-Aircam_-Foscam-FI8904W-FI8910W_-FFI9820W_-FI9821W_-Wansview-NCB541W_-and-Zavio-F3210.html#NCM625GA NCM625GA] IP Camera WiFi Wireless IP Security Camera , Full HD Plug n Play Home Surveillance / Baby Monitor | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|}} RTSP/RTP + H264/mjpeg - play its HD stream without problem with vlc rtsp://ip/live/ch0 and getting jpegs http://ipaddr/mjpeg/snap.cgi?chn=0 - methods involve transcoding h.264 video from the camera into jpeg's, which is cpu intensive - able to pull images manually, using http://username:password@ip/mjpeg/snap.cgi - |- | <!--Description-->Wansview NCB541W | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|}} |- |} {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No| not uvc}} |- | <!--Description-->Avermedia Game Capture HD C281 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|2011 standalone h.264 recording of up to component cable not hdmi but not uvc}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Avermedia GL310 Live Gamer Portable (LGP Lite) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|2014 not working usb2 and USB Lite no uvc}} |- | <!--Description-->Avermedia AVerMedia Live Gamer Portable ([https://github.com/Trouffman/octv_gears_lgp Model C875]) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|2014 usb2 no uvc}} |- | <!--Description-->AVerMedia LGX Live Gamer extreme GC550 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|2015 but [https://github.com/ChrisAJS/lgx2userspace driver]}} |- | <!--Description-->AVerMedia LGX2 Live Gamer extreme2 gc550 plus gc551 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|2017 but [https://github.com/ChrisAJS/lgx2userspace driver]}} |- | <!--Description-->Avermedia ExtremeCap UVC - BU110 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x07ca | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|2017 maybe not uvc and uac}} |- | <!--Description-->AVerMedia Live Gamer Portable 2 Plus GC513 Micro-USB Capture Box LGP2 Plus | <!--Vendor ID-->0x07ca | <!--Product ID-->0x1513 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|2017 powered by a standard Micro-USB cable, video capture output up to 1080p60 capture to hdmi in, standalone sd card recording on exFAT or FAT32 of .MOV, 2160p pass-through hdmi out to tv - no vrr - [https://www.avermedia.com/uk/support/download#ans_part firmware latest 2.1.7.13, 2.1.7.14], SN74AVC8T245 8bit, DRV604 stereo, iTE IT6663FN hdmi 2.0 splitter, TLV320DAC3101 DAC, CS42L73 audio codec, CDCE913 PLL clock, W29N01HVSINA nand bios, I-Catch V35MA SOC CPU 32bit MIPS24K, ADV7480 hdmi mhl, }} |- | <!--Description-->AVerMedia Live Gamer 4K LG4K GC573 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|2018 not uvc but [https://github.com/derrod/lg4k-linux drivers here], }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No| not uvc }} |- | <!--Description-->Blackmagic intensity Extreme Capture Card | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|2011 not uvc }} |- | <!--Description-->BlackMagic Intensity Pro 4k | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|2015 }} |- | <!--Description-->Elgato Video Capture (1VC108601000) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No| not uvc }} |- | <!--Description-->Elgato Game Capture | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No| not uvc, mini usb}} |- | <!--Description-->Elgato Game Capture HD60 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No| not uvc, }} |- | <!--Description-->Elgato Game Capture HD GCHD 2GC309901000 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No| not uvc https://github.com/tolga9009/elgato-gchd needs firmware mb86h57_h58_idle.bin and mb86h57_h58_enc_h.bin - mini usb}} |- | <!--Description-->Elgato HD60S Elgato Game Capture 4K60 S+ Video Capture | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|non uvc, }} |- | <!--Description-->August EZCap.tv model 116 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No| }} poor audio recording |- | <!--Description-->E-SDS Diamond Maplin | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No| not uvc }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No| not uvc }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No| not uvc }} |- | <!--Description-->Hauppauge 1212 HD PVR | <!--Vendor ID-->0x2040 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No| }} analog and component only - PlayStation (.m2ts), AVCHD (ts), or XBox(.mp4) recording formats - switched the component output from the default YPbPr to RGB. |- | <!--Description-->Hauppauge 1431 1445 HD PVR Gaming Edition HDMI Capture | <!--Vendor ID-->0x2040 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|2014 not working, can get warm}} |- | <!--Description-->Hauppauge HD Rocket | <!--Vendor ID-->0x2040 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No| not uvc}} |- | <!--Description-->Hauppauge HD-PVR2 (model 145210 Rev E4) | <!--Vendor ID-->0x2040 | <!--Product ID-->0xE502 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No| not uvc }} |- | <!--Description-->Hauppauge 1480 1482 HD PVR 2 GE Gaming Edition HDMI Capture green LED - 1498 1503 1504 Plus version with Mac support | <!--Vendor ID-->0x2040 | <!--Product ID-->0xe514 0xe524 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No| can get warm - [https://ez.analog.com/video/w/documents/581/adv7482-design-support-files ADV7482] [https://patchwork.kernel.org/patch/9201075/ video chip] with Magnum DXT H.264 encoder blob, IDR keyframe generation poor - best for model 157210 and not 157221 and Game Edition Plus (model 157320) 2040:E505 E505-00-00AF1234 [http://www.hauppauge.com/site/support/linux.html#tabs-3 ]}} * HDMI: 1920x1080p50/60, 1920x1080i50/60, 1280x720p50/60, 720x480i, 720x576i, 640x480p60. * Component: 1920x1080p50/60, 1920x1080i50/60*, 1280x720p50/60, 720x480p60, 720x480i, 720x576i. * Composite: 720x480i and 720x576i * Audio Inputs : HDMI PCM and RCA support with Adjustable Bitrate Quality 2 Channel AAC/AC3 audio codec |- | <!--Description-->Hauppauge 1512 HD PVR 2 PC blue LED with optical in input on the back | <!--Vendor ID-->0x2040 | <!--Product ID-->0xe525 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No| }} can get quite warm - IR Blaster added - |- | <!--Description-->Hauppauge Colossus2 E585-00-00AF4321 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x2040 | <!--Product ID-->0xe585 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No| not uvc}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No| not uvc }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No| not uvc }} |- | <!--Description-->Ion SLIDES2PC 35mm Portable Slide & Film Scanner | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No| not uvc }} |- | <!--Description-->Ion Pics 2 PC | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No| not uvc }} |- | <!--Description-->ION PowerScan USB film and slide scanner | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|2011 not uvc }} |- | <!--Description-->Koolertron Sunny | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No| not uvc }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No| not uvc }} |- | <!--Description-->FilmScan35 35mm Film Negative Scanner 1304 marks spencer | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No| not uvc }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No| not uvc }} |- | <!--Description-->U3 HD Capture | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No| not uvc }} |- | <!--Description-->[https://github.com/openrazer/openrazer Razer Ripsaw HD] Game Capture (RZ20-01780100) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|2017 not uvc put in usb2 slot and use video BGR3 (Emulated) and OpenRazer drivers }} |- | <!--Description-->Razer Ripsaw HD USB HDMI Capture Card | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1532 | <!--Product ID-->0x0d01 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|2018 not uvc compliant}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No| not uvc }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No| not uvc }} |- | <!--Description-->Silvercrest 35mm Photo Slide Scanner | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No| not uvc but not great quality}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No| not uvc }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No| not uvc }} |- | <!--Description-->Z-Star Microelectronics Corp. Traveler TV 6500 SF Dia-scanner | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0ac8 | <!--Product ID-->0x3370 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|2010 not uvc and poor scans}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No| not uvc }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No| not uvc }} |- |} === WebAR + WebVR = WebXR Headset === AROS needs an usb based uvc.class to vhi like type driver for virtual display The primary engineering challenge of VR is motion sickness caused by a mismatch of visual and inner ear information, which is extremely well established as causing people to throw up in a wide range of contexts outside of VR. The experiences that make some people sick are low framerate. Foveated rendering doesn't solve vergence accommodation. Your eye will still be focused at infinity regardless of where you are looking, you'll just have the illusion that the foreground or background are out of focus. Eye tracking plus dynamic lenses (perhaps liquid lenses) or real light fields are necessary. First start with apps that have simple static features at first, then advance to dioramasa and teleportation options for 10, 20 minutes and then gradually upgrade over a timespan of four weeks to train your brain. Avoid smooth motion stuff like rollercoaster or mountain heights until much later. Even with this preparation, VR makes 40% of people seasick nausea. If so, you may be able to use VR glasses just to watch videos and some slow moving apps [https://www.emuvr.net/ emuVR] instead. *2014-2019 1st Gen, low resolution, *2020-2025 2nd Gen, higher resolution, *2026- Most hardware typically has a 1-3 year retail lifespan with 1-3 years of updates after. Really need "right" tethered PCVR rather than wireless. The advantage to being tethered to a PC is processing power. Any standalone headset is going to be running purely off of batteries. VR and AR are known as XR Technology will get immersed enough so not making people sick. Higher resolution, faster frame rates, and [https://github.com/opentrack/opentrack better tracking]. Eventually, hyper reality brings VR, AR and MR digital layers together as a less chaotic, optic tracking with no delay, agents understanding, experiences with objects 3Dgs 4Dgs gassian splats bullet time slice photo snaps .ply for WebXR [https://lvra.gitlab.io/docs/hardware/ ], {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Big Screen Beyond 1 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2023 pcvr 2560 x 2560, fixed IPD, }} |- | <!--Description-->bigscreen Beyond 2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 pcvr oled 5120 x 2560 @75Hz 2688x2688 @90Hz over pancake lenses, 116 FOV, virtual screens, custom facial plate from iphone app, streamvr 2.0 basestations and controllers not included, no passthrough, 107g-196g, }} |- | <!--Description-->bigscreen Beyond 2e | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2026 pcvr oled 5120 x 2560 total up to 90Hz pancake lens 116 FOV adjustable IPD app needed for adjustment, eye tracking, custom face mask cushion, streamvr 2.0 basestations and controllers not included, seperate head strap and speaker modules extra costs, 110g-300g }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Dpvr P1 Pro 4k Ultra Vr Headset | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2024 wireless snapdragon, }} |- | <!--Description-->DPVR P2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Play for Dream MR | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 android modular 3840x3552 uoled per eye 90Hz or qled mura issues, Arm snapdragon XR2+ Gen 2, eye tracking and 11 cameras 7 sensors 22 ir leds 14ms latency and foveated rendering, 1.5hrs battery, }} |- | <!--Description-->Play for Dream GravityXR | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2026 ultralight head gear gx100 3w }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->[https://lvra.gitlab.io/docs/community/ Valve Index HMD] | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2019 tethered PC VR headset 1440 x 1600 120Hz, 108° and 104° FOV, fresnel lenses, SteamVR2 compatible tracking ir basestations, controllers aka Knuckles, dp 1.2 and usb3 cable proprietary cable end, no battery, }} |- | <!--Description-->Valve Steam Frame (Valve Deckard / Valve’s Index 2) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2026 - 2160 x 2160 up to 144Hz pancake lens, 108° and 96° FOV, wifi 6 fovelated streaming, Qualcomm Snapdragon 8 Gen 3 with [https://github.com/FEX-Emu/FEX fex] arm-to-x86 x64 translation layer, }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Sony PSVR2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|2023 PCVR with adapter, two, one for each eye, 2000 x 2040 resolution OLED panels from 90Hz 120Hz refresh rates, fresnel lenses, 116° and 102° FOV, sony proprietary headset cable end, needs additional comfort options, }} |- | <!--Description-->VisionPro | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Opinion |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Goertek glasses | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->HTC Vive ? | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No| 2016 2x 1080x1200 needs external power supply, }} |- | <!--Description-->HTC Vive Original | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2016 108° and 96° FOV}} |- | <!--Description-->HTC Vive Pro | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2016 , uvc, at least 2 powered steamvr basestations so 3 to 5 wall warts in total, proprietary cable end, }} |- | <!--Description-->HTC Vive Pro 2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2017 dual 1440x1600 oled displays, 116° and 100° FOV - steamvr 2.0 basestation 2 for 5m2 area 4 for 10m2 - steamvr 2.0 joypads - low latency wireless later - type USB-c headphone adapter required, [https://github.com/CertainLach/VivePro2-Linux-Driver Rust on Linux] with [https://github.com/santeri3700/vive-pro-2-on-linux Shell], proprietary cable end, }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Lynx R1 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2023 android Qualcomm Snapdragon XR2 Gen 1, }} |- | <!--Description-->Lynx R2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|2026 company liquidated, 2 x 2312x2160 110 FOV pancake lenses, LynxOS android Qualcomm Snapdragon XR2 Gen, openxr 1.1, }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Oculus Rift prototype development kit [https://www.virtual-boy.com/forums/t/the-oculus-rift-dk1-thread/ DK1] with [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X_T4DJyy2Bo wired razer hydra controllers] | <!--Vendor ID-->0x2833 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|2013 pcvr LCD 1280 × 800 resolution 640 × 800 per eye up to 110° FOV, and 3DoF rotational tracking via a 1000Hz 9-axis IMU (Accelerometer, gyroscope, and magnetometer), no positional optical tracking either inside-out or outside-in, 380g, nausea issues, , }} |- | <!--Description-->Oculus Rift prototype development kit [https://github.com/facebookarchive/RiftDK2/tree/master DK2], [https://www.ifixit.com/Teardown/Oculus+Rift+Development+Kit+2+Teardown/27613 ifixit teardown] | <!--Vendor ID-->0x2833 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|2014 pcvr, 5.7" Super AMOLED display with a resolution of 960 x 1080 per eye 100° field of view, 1 usb Positional Tracker DK2 camera, lots of wires}} |- | <!--Description-->Facebook [https://github.com/thaytan/OpenHMD/tree/rift-kalman-filter Oculus Rift CV1] [https://noraisin.net/diary/?m=202201 some Linux support] [] [https://github.com/OpenHMD/OpenHMD/issues/330 AMD usb issues] [https://github.com/OpenHMD/OpenHMD/wiki/Xorg ] [https://github.com/Doc-Ok/OculusRiftCV1Camera Live Video] [https://www.youtube.com/@thaytan Youtube] [https://github.com/Fredrum/riftOnLinux Pi] [https://github.com/OhioIon/riftDriverPi ], but not quite there with the [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DSsCN6HFkWc consumer CV1], [https://forum.dcs.world/topic/142259-cv1-not-working-in-dcs/#comment-2878168 orange led could be HDMI Signal is not within HDMI Spec and might be Overclocked or usb3 not getting enough power frustrating], | <!--Vendor ID-->0x2833 | <!--Product ID-->0x3031, 0x2031, 0x0031 and 0x0211 for 3p-a basestations lighthouses, 0x045e 0x02e6 for xbox wireless adapter | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|2016 powered run from your PC maybe uvc via wired dual PenTile OLED 2160x1200 (1080x1200 per eye) @ exactly 90Hz but screen door effect (space between pixels), 87 FOV, IPD from 58mm to 72mm, good 3D audio and okay mic, constellation headset 6DOF (3-axis rotational tracking + 3-axis positional tracking) with up to 3 usb infrared basestation (1 in front and 2 behind pointing upwards) on usb3 and usb2 to your PC but the tracking can be fragile so set it up on a weekly basis, wired only HDMI 1.3, USB 3.0 bus powered with proprietary plug in headset, 470g 1lb front heavy, 2 robust 1st Gen touch controllers with external sensors i.e. outside-in - 1 aa alkaline over rechargable battery each , press occulus and B buttons for 2 secs to connect, headset traps air so gets very warm inside and random disconnects due to twisting action on the top of the headset and/or cables, t4 torx screws }} |- | <!--Description-->Facebook Occulus Go 32Gb | <!--Vendor ID-->0x2833 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|2018 discontinued 2020 android based, 1280x1440 per eye 60Hz LCD, not gaming, no inside-out and limited self tracking, }} |- | <!--Description-->Facebook Oculus Rift S [https://noraisin.net/diary/?m=202201 some Linux support] | <!--Vendor ID-->0x2833 | <!--Product ID-->0x0051 headset (cdc, audio, tracking data), 0x2052 usb hub, | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|2019 PCVR wired dual LCD 1080 by 1200, 88 horizontal FOV, display port (fibre optic strands) and annoying USB3 copper cables (power, audio and other data) but proprietary port in the headset, cameras on the headset ("inside-out") tracking so no base stations, non removeable head band and cushions and ipd hard to set, requires specific fragile Rift S/Quest1 2nd Gen Touch controllers which has a ring of translucent plastic with leds inside - t5 torx to disassemble for sticks drifting}} |- | <!--Description-->Facebook Occulus Quest 1 *032Gb *064Gb | <!--Vendor ID-->0x2833 | <!--Product ID-->0x0183 (single adb boot), 0x0 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|2019 android standalone wireless, 1440 x 1600 72Hz oled, front heavy though, play area 2m x 2m or bigger, low clocked Qualcomm Snapdragon 835 (MSM8998) (4x Kryo 280 Gold cores ARM Cortex-A73) + (4x Kryo 280 Silver A53), 2 to 3 hrs play time, 575g, 2nd Gen touch controllers, }} |- | <!--Description-->Meta Oculus Quest 2 KW49CM aka Codename Del Mar Hollywood [https://www.meta.com/en-gb/help/quest/967070027432609/ fragile 3rd Gen Touch controllers] [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Cgejky8ZeoM internal battery] and selling over 20 million, more than all other quest headsets combined *064Gb *128Gb (110Gb free) *256Gb Setup continuous wifi, create Meta Oculus account, [https://developers.meta.com/horizon/ verify dev account, click on My apps], [ create Organization -> My Organization Groupings], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QPInS5xxF-0 finally, meta quest mobile app to switch on adb], | <!--Vendor ID-->0x2833 | <!--Product ID-->0x5010 (), 0x0083 (massstorage), 0x0086 (), 0x0186 (adb and xrsp [https://github.com/shinyquagsire23/xrsp_tests tests]), 0x0090 (composite adb), 0x0081 (), | <!--Revision-->0419 | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2021 android stand alone, lcd 1832x1920 per-eye 90Hz refresh rate, 97 FOV, fresnel lenses, 6DOF (degrees of freedom), 58-63-68 IPD settings, low clocked Arm snapdragon xr2 gen 1 apps with Meta Link cable USB-C usb3.2 pcvr maybe, b/w but no color passthrough, 6 t2 torx and 5 ph00 screws in headset (long bit), discontinued December 31, 2024, feature updates until December 2026, critical bug fixes and security updates until December 2027, 470g, Oculus + B button on right controller (move) and Menu + Y button on left controller (click) for about 3 seconds, 10W 5v 2a, RTL8153 chipset usb support, *V60 unable to *V77 pcvr issues *V79 unable to }} |- | <!--Description-->Facebook Occulus Quest Pro aka Codename Seacliff | <!--Vendor ID-->0x2833 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|2022 android standalone wireless 1440 x 1600 72Hz oled, 106° and 96° FOV mini lcd local dimming, pancake lenses, limited eye tracking, play area 2m x 2m or bigger, higher clocked snapdragon xr2 gen 1 arm cpu Arm apps, 1 to 2 hrs play time, new pro controllers with 3 cameras each, battery at rear, wireless charging, color passthrough, 9V 3A or 5V 3A, *v77 capped wifi }} |- | <!--Description-->Meta Oculus Quest 3 aka Codename Eureka [ Air Light ALVR] or [ WiVRn] with fragile touch plus q3 controllers *128Gb *512Gb streaming from PC with [https://github.com/alvr-org/Monado-ALVR ALVR], runtime of [https://monado.freedesktop.org/ Monado steamvr alternative openxr openVR], with Envision GUI, | <!--Vendor ID-->0x2833 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2023 standalone, pancake lenses on lcd 2064 x 2208 res panel per eye 1200ppi - 104° and 96° FOV - up to 120Hz, Arm snapdragon xr2 gen 2 apps, foveated rendering, Meta Link cable USB-C 3.2, headstrap clamshell or halo style, speaker arms fragile, color passthrough, 510g, 18W 9v 2A or 15W 5V 3A, *v74 ok }} *v76 pcvr issues }} |- | <!--Description-->Meta Quest 3S aka Codename Ventura Panther *128Gb *256Gb | <!--Vendor ID-->0x2833 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2024 Arm snapdragon xr2 gen 2 cpu, lcd 1832 x 1920 fresnel lenses, 97 FOV, headphone arms fragile, better air flow, no promixity sensor inside, Meta Link cable USB-C 3.2, passthrough, }} |- | <!--Description-->Meta Boba 3 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x2833 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2027 ultra-wide 180° x 120° FOV, snapdragon XR2 G2, }} |- | <!--Description-->Meta Tiramisu | <!--Vendor ID-->0x2833 | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2027 µOLED displays with 90 pixels per degree, }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Pimax 5K Super Plus | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2019 }} |- | <!--Description-->Pimax 8K | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2020 }} |- | <!--Description-->Pimax 8K-X 8KX | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2021 }} |- | <!--Description-->Pimax Crystal Light | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 tethered to PC with 2160 x 2160 4k 120Hz, 115° and 96° FOV, inside-out tracking, no battery, display port cable, variable qc and customer service, }} |- | <!--Description-->Pimax Crystal Super | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 tethered to PC with 3640 x 3640 4k 90hz, 116°+ and 100° FOV, eye tracking, inside-out tracking, no battery, display port cable, }} |- | <!--Description-->Pimax Dream Air with Lighthouse(s) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2026 tethered 3840 by 3552 @90Hz micro oled with pancake lens, 100 HFOV 96 VFOV but FOV IPD changes in app, link box for headset 2 split y cables, removable face gasket, 290g, steamVR2 bases and controllers, eye tracking, }} |- | <!--Description-->Pimax Dream Air SLAM | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2026 Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) tracking inside-out so no base stations, }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->[https://somniumspace.com/ Somnium VR One VR1] [https://portal.vrgineers.com/user-guide/software/ open source] VR headset | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 pcvr 2880 x 2880 per eye @90 @120Hz, 125° horizontal 100° vertical FOV, 2 x SteamVR 2.0 bases, passthrough, 900g }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Varjo Aero VR-1 Headset | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2022 psu needed, 2 x Mini LED binocular of 150 nits, 2880x2720 per, 90Hz, FOV 102° horizontal, 73° vertical, 720g with headstrap, 2 x SteamVR 2.0 basestations, no speakers/mic, hdmi and usb3.0}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Varjo Aero XR-3 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Varjo Aero XR-4 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Opinion |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Camelo La Melaza Music Shield | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|2026 no usb only bluetooth , }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->InAir 2 elite suite | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 ar nits 46FOV , , 4h battery life, 80g, }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Oakley Vanguard | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->RayNeo Air 3s | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 AR 100in 46FOV 650nits, usb-c 79g }} |- | <!--Description-->RayNeo Air 3S Pro | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 AR 135in virtual display 46FOV 1200nits, usb-c 80g }} |- | <!--Description-->RayNeo Air 4 Pro | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2026 AR oled vision 4000 processing, HDR10, 47 FOV }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Rokid Max 2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 ar 147in 50 FOV 650nits, usb-c back left, 76g, }} |- | <!--Description-->Rokid AI Spatial with Station 2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 AR 600nits 147in 50FOV 75g, }} |- | <!--Description-->Rokid | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| ar ai smart glass}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Viture Pro | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 135in 46 FOV 1000nits, magnetic connector, 77g, }} |- | <!--Description-->VITURE XR Luma | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 ar 147in 1200p 50 FOV, }} |- | <!--Description-->Viture Luma Pro | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 152in 52 FOV 1000nits 1200p, 3dof, , 79g, }} |- | <!--Description-->Viture Luma Ultra | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 in FOV, 2 cameras, 3dof 6dof, }} |- | <!--Description-->[https://github.com/wheaney/XRLinuxDriver Viture Luma Pro] | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Viture Beast | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 ar 1250nits 58FOV 174in, magnetic, 88g, }} |- | <!--Description-->VITURE Beast X Glasses models (Immersive 3D Moonlight) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2026 based 2D to 3D conversion with support DP Alt Mode (DisplayPort over USB-C), 1200p, 3df tracking, practic lenses 58deg POV, }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Xreal One | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 ar 600nits, 50FOV, 3dof, usb-c 84g, }} |- | <!--Description-->XReal One Pro | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 ar 700nits 57FOV 171in, usb-c, x1 3dof, }} |- | <!--Description-->Nreal now Xreal Air | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 , micro-oled 1080p, audio, virtual uvc ar displays, }} |- | <!--Description-->Nreal now Xreal Real3D 1S | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2026 AI based 2D to 3D conversion 57 FOV, , virtual uvc ar displays not vr, }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Xiami XR | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Xtal 8k | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Opinion |- | <!--Description-->Apple Vision Pro | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|2022 tethered AR mixed reality glasses, 3300ppi, 800g, }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Google XR | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->HTC Vive Focus | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2018 standalone }} |- | <!--Description-->HTC Vive Focus Plus | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2018 android with 2 1440 x 1600 75Hz amoled, inside-out, durable motion controllers, Vive port, }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->HTC Vive Pro EYE | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|2019 dual-OLED displays 2880 x 1600 combined resolution), SteamVR 2.0 tracking, foveated rendering, Tobii, it enables gaze-based menu navigation with avatar eye contact, proprietary cables, }} |- | <!--Description-->HTC Vibe Cosmos | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|2018 poor tracking and lifespan on controllers, }} |- | <!--Description-->HTC Vibe Cosmos Elite | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|2020 1440x1700 per eye resolution, 90 Hz refresh rate, 6 DoF tracking, 2880 x 1700 combined pixel resolution, 97° FoV, two controllers and two base stations. Lighthouse tracking, }} |- | <!--Description-->HTC Vive Focus Vision Wired | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No| }} |- | <!--Description-->HTC Vive Focus 3 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2021 per-eye resolution of 2448×2448 at 90 Hz, a 120-degree field of view, Qualcomm Snapdragon XR2 Gen 1, }} |- | <!--Description-->HTC Vive XR Elite VR Headset Deluxe Pack | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|2022 snapdragon xr2 gen 1, }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Pico Goblin | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2017 android based, 2.5K 1280x1440 per eye @70Hz, 92° FoV, and 3DoF (three degrees of freedom) tracking (Orientation tracking only—yaw, pitch, roll), single controller, snapdragon 820, ipd adjustment 54-71 mm, 600g, }} |- | <!--Description-->ByteDance Pico G2 4K | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2020 android standalone VR headset, 3840 x 2160 (4K) LCD screen, Snapdragon 835 processor, 3DoF so rotational movement (looking around, pointing) rather than positional movement (walking, leaning), does not support hand or eye tracking, 800g }} |- | <!--Description-->ByteDance Pico NEO 2 EYE | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2020 6DoF 360g snapdragon 845 display 4k 75Hz tracking inside-out - magnetic field for controllers - pico software on android 8 - eye tracking }} |- | <!--Description-->ByteDance Pico Neo 3 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2022 Snapdragon XR2 Gen, 4K 3664 x 1920 90Hz lcd, battery at rear, displayport, Pico apparently emulates Oculus controllers, }} |- | <!--Description-->ByteDance Pico Neo 3 Pro | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2022 }} |- | <!--Description-->ByteDance Pico Neo 3 Link | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2022 }} |- | <!--Description-->ByteDance Pico 4 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2023 2160x2160 panel per eye 75Hz 90Hz 105 FOV, Arm snapdragon xr gen 1, }} |- | <!--Description-->ByteDance Pico 4 ultra | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2023 2160 x 2160 @90 105 FOV, snapdragon XR2 G2, streaming from PC with alvr, wireless streaming from PC with WiVRn, Pico apparently emulates Oculus controllers, not plug and play, }} |- | <!--Description-->ByteDance Pico 5 aka Project Swan aka Vision Pro Competitor | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2026 micro-oled BOE 3840 x 3840 4000ppi per eye, MLA pancake lenses, custom pico arm cpu, pico os 6 android, eye and hand tracking, 300g, }} |- | <!--Description-->ByteDance Pico | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Samsung Galaxy XR VR | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 3552 x 3840 @60-90 109 FOV , Arm snapdragon XR2+ Gen 2, }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Shiftall MeganeX 8K | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2024 android }} |- | <!--Description-->[https://en.shiftall.net/products/meganex8k MeganeX Superlight 8K] | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 android (3552 x 3840 pixels) into pixel count yields 27.27MP 10-bit HDR-compatible 4K resolution micro OLED panels @90Hz, pancake lenses 94 FOV, SteamVR™ tracking, 180g, 5V 2A, }} |- | <!--Description-->[https://en.shiftall.net/products/meganex8kmk2 MeganeX 8K Mk2 MkII] [https://github.com/sboys3/CustomHeadsetOpenVR community] | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2026 pcvr linux, 4K per eye (1.35inch micro OLED 3552x3840 10 bit HDR) 27MP @90Hz 75Hz 72Hz pancake, upto 108 hor 100 vert FOV, usb-c and dp cables to breakout box, 5V 2.1A, 200g}} |- | <!--Description-->Shiftall | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2026 }} |- | <!--Description-->Shiftall | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Opinion |- | <!--Description-->Acer Windows(TM) MR AH101 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2018 Dual 2.89” LCD panels 2880 x 1440 combined (1440 x 1440 per eye) Up to 90Hz (HDMI 2.0), or 60Hz (HDMI 1.4), Field of View FOV 95, Tracking Inside-out, lots of light leak, }} |- | <!--Description-->Acer H7001 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2017 wmr 1440 x 1440 per-eye resolution @90Hz refresh rate, and 100-degree field of view FOV, inside-out tracking with front-mounted cameras so no external sensors, flip-up visor design but has a "screen door effect," subpar foam padding, win10 to win11 24H2, }} |- | <!--Description-->Dell Visor Mixed Reality VRP100 VR118 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2017 2x 1440x1440 a bit of nose light leak }} |- | <!--Description-->Fujitsu | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2017 cheap and lots of light leak }} |- | <!--Description-->[https://github.com/HadesVR HadesVR] with [https://github.com/ManoloMancelli/Persephone-Classic-Controller Persephone Controller] | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HFaVjB1uNOM Persephone 3 Pro DiY 6Dof SteamVR Headset], | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->HP Reverb G1 VR1000 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2019 WMR 2160 x 2160 @90Hz, 115 FOV, , hp proprietary headset cable end, 2 camera tracking but poor and controllers can be unresponsive, 500g front heavy, flight sims rather than gaming, }} |- | <!--Description-->HP 1440p Spatial Computing | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2019 dim display }} |- | <!--Description-->[https://forums.x-plane.org/forums/topic/294764-vr-in-linux-without-steam/ HP Reverb G2] WMR VR3000 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2020 2 2160 x 2160 90Hz, needs Windows10 or Win 11 24H2, 4 camera tracking, controllers can be unresponsive, hp proprietary headset cable end, , }} |- | <!--Description-->HP | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Mirage Solo is a Standalone VR headset | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2018 Qualcomm Snapdragon 835, 1280x1440 per eye resolution, 75 Hz refresh rate, }} |- | <!--Description-->Lenovo Explorer VR2511N (G0A2) VR windows mixed reality (WMR) | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2018 LCD 2.89" 1440 x 1440 per eye @90Hz, 6 DOF position tracking, 400g, }} |- | <!--Description-->[https://github.com/relativty/relativty open source relativty] | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Samsung MHD Odyssey XE800ZAA WMR | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2018 9V 500mA oled screens 2x 1440x1600 with usb3 and hdmi cables but bluetooth dongle required }} |- | <!--Description-->Samsung MHD Odyssey+ Plus WMR | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2019 dual 3.5-inch AMOLED displays 2880 x 1600 total @90Hz, 6DOF inside-out tracking with usb3 and hdmi cables but bluetooth dongle required, use only win10 or win11 24H2, }} |- | <!--Description-->Sony PSVR | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|2016 2x 1080x960 up to 120Hz, lots of cables and computation brick, sony camera needed for tracking, ps4 or move controllers, }} |- | <!--Description-->Virtuality | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|1992 , , Amiga 3000 with TI chips, }} |- | <!--Description-->Virtuix Omni | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2013 VR treadmill changed course to commercial VR and pivotted back again 2020, }} |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Opinion |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- |} === HDMI CEC transmitter and receiver === {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- |} === TV Remote Control MCE IR transmitter and receiver === {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->Compro K100 K300 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|need extra software support}} |- | <!--Description-->Elitegroup Computer Systems | <!--Vendor ID-->0x1019 | <!--Product ID-->0x0f38 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->GMYLE MCE | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{Maybe|acts as usb-hid with limited keyboard like controls }} |- | <!--Description-->Hauppauge WinTV-PVR kit | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->Logitech Harmony 300 i300 600 650 800 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|need extra software support}} |- | <!--Description-->Microsoft MCE Commander | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|2005 need extra software support}} |- | <!--Description-->Microsoft 1039 rev 1 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|2005 home top of square shape direction keys}} |- | <!--Description-->Microsoft 1039 rev 2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|2006 home under circle spaced direction keys}} |- | <!--Description-->Microsoft 1069 SMK Manufacturing, Inc | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0609 | <!--Product ID-->0x0334 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|2007 untested}} |- | <!--Description-->Philips RC1974506/00 | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0471 | <!--Product ID-->0x0815 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->Sony RM-MCE10E PC REMOTE CONTROL VGN-AR21M VGX-XL100 VGN-AR21B/AR21S | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->Sony RM-MCE20E PC REMOTE CONTROL | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->Sony RM-MCE30E PC REMOTE CONTROL VGN-AW21XY VGX-TP3E VGX-TP3G | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->Sony RM-MCE50E PC REMOTE CONTROL VGC-LA2R | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Opinion |- | <!--Description-->TSDX-IR14 USB MCE Media Center External Infrared IR Receiver | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->chipsets support CIR (consumer IR) Winbond W83977F/AF, SMC IrCC 2.0 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|technical reasons it's not possible to use USB IrDA dongles}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->Zotac RC2604323/01G Zbox Media Remote Control with IR USB Receiver OVU710 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- |} {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | <!--Description-->Anycubic Cobra 2 Max | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Bambu Labs A1 Mini 3D printer | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{No|2019 EMS proprietary slicer app and cloud use, eSUN}} |- | <!--Description-->Bambu Labs X1 Carbon | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2022 }} |- | <!--Description-->Bambu Labs X2D | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Creality K1 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Creality K2 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Creality | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Elegoo | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Lulzbot | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Prusa | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Qidi | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Snapmaker U1 | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk|2025 tool changer }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description-->Sovol SV08 Max | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| open source voron model, }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Opinion |- | <!--Description-->desktop pick and place machines AFARCO PNP running OpenPnP for Desktop SMT | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |} ==ethwrap.class - Host Data Link "Cable Bridge" for data transfer== {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | Advance USBNET (eTEK design) | 0x0525 | 0x9901 | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | ALi Uli M5632 (chip) | | | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | Aten (Ali Corporation) UN201 | 0x0402 | 0x5632 | | {{maybe|force binding from rawwarp to ethwrap}} |- | Belkin (eTek design see below) | 0x050d | 0x0004 | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | Digitus DN-3004 - USB Host Link | | | | {{yes|works}} |- | EPSON USB client | 0x0525 | 0x2888 | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | eTEK | 0x056c | 0x8100 | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | KC-190 | 0x050f | 0x0190 | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | GeneSys GL620USB | | | | {{no|no driver the half-duplex GL620USB is NOT supported, products using it include the Inland Pro USB Quick Link}} |- | GeneSys GL620USB-A | | | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | Laplink Gold (uses NetChip 1080) | | | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | Prolific 2301/2302 (Jaton USB ConNET) (BAFO DirectLinq) | 0x067b | 0x0000 and 0x0001 | 0x0004 | {{maybe|detected but untested}} |- | Xircom PGUNET (uses AnchorChips 2720) | 0x0547 | 0x2727 | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- |} ==cdcacm.class - USB modem== The CDC ACM driver exposes the USB modem as a virtual serial modem or a virtual COM port to the operating system. The driver enables sending both data and AT commands, either through ACM (separating data and AT commands over different channels) or through Serial Emulation (passing the AT commands as is and as part of the data stream). {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | Alcatel OT-I650 | 0x1bbb | 0x0003 | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | Acatel Dymamode/Dynamite | 0x06b9 | 0xa5a5 | | {{N/A|untested Zyxel Prestige 630-13 - untested PROLiNK Hurricane 8000 external link }} |- | AnyData ADU-100A ADU-E100A ADU-E100D ADU-E100H D10 | 0x16d5 | 0x6501 | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | AnyData ADU-310 | 0x16d5 | 0x650 | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | AnyData ADU-500A ADU-510A ADU-510L ADU-520A | 0x16d5 | 0x6502 | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | AnyData ADU-610 ADU-620 | 0x16d5 | 0x650 | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | BT On-Air USB MODEM | 0x079b | 0x000f | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | Conexant USB MODEM CX93010 | 0x0572 | 0x1321 | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | Conexant USB MODEM RD02-D400 | 0x0572 | 0x1324 | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | Conexant Chipset | 0x06ea | 0x0002 | | {{N/A|untested AUS N367 Roadster II 56 USB (Model AM5050R3) - untested }} |- | [http://accessrunner.sourceforge.net/ Conexant AccessRunner] | 0x0586 | 0x330a | | {{N/A|untested }} |- | Creative Modem Blaster USB DE5670 | 0x1690 | 0x0101 | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | FIREFLY, MediaTek Inc | 0x0e8d | 0x0003 | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | Huawei E122 | 0x12d1 | 0x1446 | | {{yes|works}} [http://aros-exec.org/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?post_id=49126#forumpost49126] |- | Huawei E160, E160E, E160G | 0x12d1 | 0x1003 | |{{yes|works}} [http://aros-exec.org/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?post_id=51888#forumpost51888] (Chipset: Qualcomm MSM6246) |- | Huawei E169 also known as Vodafone K3715 and Huawei K3715 | 0x12d1 | 0x1001 | |{{yes|works}} [http://aros-exec.org/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?topic_id=4941&forum=4&post_id=44683#forumpost44683] (Chipset: Qualcomm MSM7200) |- | Huawei E220 "Vodafone EasyBox II" "T-Mobile wnw Box Micro" also known as Huawei K3565 | 0x12d1 | 0x1003 | | {{yes|works, see E169 above (Chipset: Qualcomm MSM6280)}} |- | Huawei E1750 | 0x12d1 | 0x1001 | | {{N/A|untested (Chipset: Qualcomm MSM6290)}} |- | Huawei E170, E172, E176 | 0x12d1 | 0x1003 | | {{N/A|untested (Chipset: Qualcomm MSM7200)}} |- | Huawei E180 | 0x12d1 | 0x1406 | | {{yes|Works (Chipset: Qualcomm MSM7200)}} |- | KYOCERA AH-K3001V | 0x0482 | 0x0203 | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | LG CU515 | | | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | MediaTek Inc GPS | 0x0e8d | 0x3329 | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | Metricom GS Modem | 0x0870 | 0x0001 | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | Motorola MOTOMAGX phones | 0x22b8 | 0x6425 | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | Motorola Q Phone | 0x22b8 | 0x7000 | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | Hummingbird huc56s (Conexant) | 0x0572 | 0x1329 | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | Netcomm Roadster II 128 ISDN | | | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | Nokia n70 N95 HSDPA | | | | {{yes|works - see [http://aros-exec.org/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?start=0&topic_id=4415&viewmode=flat&order=ASC here]}} |- | OGO | 0x045E | 0x0079 | 0090 | {{no|no driver}} |- | Olitec ADSL Modem V2 | 0x08e3 | 0x0100 / 0x0102 | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->Onda PT502HS | <!--Vendor ID-->0x19D2 | <!--Product ID-->0x0001 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- | Radicom V92HU-E2 | | | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | <!--Description-->Samsung i8510 Innov8 Symbian smartphone | 0x04e8 | 0x6651 | <!--Revision--> | {{yes|works}} [http://aros-exec.org/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?start=0&topic_id=5552&viewmode=flat&order=ASC&type=&mode=0] |- | Samsung Tocco Lite (aka GT-S5230) | 0x04e8 | 0x6795 | <!--Revision--> | {{yes|works}} [http://aros-exec.org/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?start=0&topic_id=5552&viewmode=flat&order=ASC&type=&mode=0] |- | Shiro / Aztech USB MODEM UM-3100 | 0x0572 | 0x1328 | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | ZyDAS 56K USB MODEM | 0x0ace | 0x1602 | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | ZyDAS 56K USB MODEM | 0x0ace | 0x1608 | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | ZyDAS 56K USB MODEM - new version | 0x0ace | 0x1611 | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | Zoom Telephonics Model 3095F USB MODEM | 0x0803 | 0x3095 | | {{N/A|untested}} |- | Ugobe Pleo | 0x6962 | 0x0100 | 0x0100 | {{Yes|Works}} |} ==Misc== palmpda.class - no [http://aminet.net/package/util/libs/PdaLinkPoseidon pdalink.library and tools] in AROS Palm PDA (discontinued) synchronisation requires a port of pdalink.library and its tools through virtual usbpalm.device. {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | Palm IIIx (OS3.1) serial rs-232 only | | | | {{no|no }} |- | Palm IIIc (OS3.5) | | | | {{no|no }} |- | Palm V | | | | {{no|no }} |- | Palm m100 | | | | {{no|no }} |- | Palm m125 first USB - last with aaa batteries | | | | {{no|no }} |- | Palm m500 (OS4) | | | | {{no|no }} |- | Tungsten T (OS5) first arm cpu | 0x | 0x | 0x | {{no|no }} |- | Zire 31 (OS 5.28) color arm-based | | | | {{no|no }} |- | [[:w:Handspring (company)|Handspring Visor]] – USB support out of box | | | | {{no|no }} |- | Handspring Treo 600 – last one for [[:w:Handspring (company)|Handspring]] | | | | {{no|no }} |- | Treo 700w | | | | {{no|no }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no driver}} |- |} bluetooth.class - needs Bluetooth (Viking King Harald "Bluetooth" Gormsson (Old Norse: Haraldr Blátǫnn Gormsson; Danish: Harald Blåtand Gormsen) stack to work (not written due to licensing fees to use the symbol merging the Younger Futhark runes for H (ᚼ) and B (ᛒ), representing Harald's initials) {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no driver}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no driver}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no driver}} |- |} ccid.class - Chip/Smart Card Interface Devices (not implemented) {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | <!--Description-->cyberJack RFID basis | <!--Vendor ID-->0x0C4B | <!--Product ID-->0x9102 | <!--Revision-->0001 | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no driver}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{no|no driver}} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{N/A|untested}} |- |} dfu.class - DFU firmware upgrade {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | <!--Description-->iPhone 3, 4, 5, 5c | <!--Vendor ID-->0x05ac | <!--Product ID-->0x1290 0x1292 0x1294 | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| 32bit use with caution could cause damage}} |- | <!--Description-->iPhone 5s, 6, 7, 8, X | <!--Vendor ID-->0x05ac | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| 64bit use with caution could cause damage}} |- | <!--Description-->M-Audio/Midiman USB audio | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Description | Vendor ID | Product ID | Revision | Opinion |- | <!--Description-->iPad 1, iPad 2 A1395 A1430, iPad 3, ipad mini A1432, iPad A1458 4th Gen (MD512LL/A), | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->2008-2013 32bit A4, A5 up to Apple A6X, iOS 1 to 10, |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Description-->iPad Air (1st generation) A1474, A1475, A1476, | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->2014-2015 [https://github.com/AsahiLinux 64bit], A7, iOS 11 up to |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->2015 64bit A8, A8X, |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->2016 64bit A9, A9X, |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->2017 64bit A10, A10X, |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->2018 64bit A11 |- | <!--Description-->iPad Air 3rd Gen A2153, A2123, A2154, iPad Mini 5th Gen, | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->2019 64bit A12 |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion-->{{unk| }} |- |} RocketTool (USB Rocket Launchers - Toy missile launchers) {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="3px" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | Original Launcher and StrikerII (includes laser) | 0x1130 | 0x0202 | | {{yes|works }} |- | Dream Cheeky USB Missile Launcher or USB Cirus Cannon | 0x1941 | 0x8021 | | {{no|no driver }} |- | Dream Cheeky USB Webcam Missile Launcher | 0x1941 | | | {{no|no driver }} |- | Rocket Baby | 0x0a81 | 0x0701 | | {{no|no driver }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> |} DRadioTool (FM Radios - USB radio devices D-Link/Gemtek) {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="5%" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | D-Link DSB-R100 USB | 0x04b4 | 0x1002 | 0x0410 | {{yes|works }} |- | [http://www.neoseeker.com/forums/383/t257009-link-usb-dru-r100-radio/ GemTek USB FM Radio 21] | 0x04b4 | 0x1002 | | {{N/A|untested }} |- | <!--Description--> | <!--Vendor ID--> | <!--Product ID--> | <!--Revision--> | <!--Opinion--> |} UproarTool (Valencia MPX mp3 player and others) {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="30%" | Description ! width="3px" |Vendor ID ! width="10%" |Product ID ! width="10%" |Revision ! width="50%" |Opinion |- | Korean D Square Valencia MPX-Player | 0x04e8 | various | | {{N/A|untested }} |- |} {{BookCat}} 6op7tjmbvt3nbtmo4vguwdwnewbmbpf OpenSCAD User Manual/Other Language Features 0 214550 4679384 4666186 2026-11-01T01:46:54Z Ótzï fón Glühgor 3629863 https://github.com/openscad/openscad/pull/7101 4679384 wikitext text/x-wiki {{incomplete}} == Special variables == Special variables provide an alternate means of passing arguments to modules and functions. All user, or OpenSCAD, defined variables starting with a '$' are special variables, similar to special variables in lisp. Modules and function see all outside variables in addition to those passed as arguments or defined internally. Special variable names begin with a dollar sign ('$'). The name may otherwise use the same Unicode identifier characters as regular variable names. OpenSCAD normalizes these names to Unicode NFC, so names such as <code>$länge</code> are valid. The value for a regular variable is assigned at compile time and is thus static for all calls. Special variables pass along their value from within the scope [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/The_OpenSCAD_Language#Scope_of_variables| (see scope of variables)]] from which the module or function is called. This means that special variables can potentially have a different value each time a module or function is called. regular = "regular global"; $special = "special global"; module show() echo(" in show ", regular," ", $special ); echo (" outside ", regular," ", $special ); // ECHO: " outside ", "regular global", " ", "special global" for ( regular = [0:1] ){ echo("in regular loop ", regular," ", $special ); show();} // ECHO: "in regular loop ", 0, " ", "special global" // ECHO: " in show ", "regular global", " ", "special global" // ECHO: "in regular loop ", 1, " ", "special global" // ECHO: " in show ", "regular global", " ", "special global" for ( $special = [5:6] ){ echo("in special loop ", regular," ", $special ); show();} // ECHO: "in special loop ", "regular global", " ", 5 // ECHO: " in show ", "regular global", " ", 5 // ECHO: "in special loop ", "regular global", " ", 6 // ECHO: " in show ", "regular global", " ", 6 show(); // ECHO: " in show ", "regular global", " ", "special global" This is useful when multiple arguments need to be passed thru several layers of module calls. Several special variables are already defined by OpenSCAD. ===Circle resolution: $fa, $fs, and $fn {{anchor|circleres}}{{anchor|.24fa.2C_.24fs_and_.24fn|$fn|$fs|$fa}}=== The $fa, $fs, and $fn special variables control the number of segments used to generate an arc: $fa is the minimum angle for a line segment. Even a huge circle does not have more line segments than 360 divided by this number. The default value is 12 (i.e. 30 line segments for a full circle). The minimum allowed value is 0.01. Attempting to set a lower value causes a warning. $fs is the minimum size of a line segment. The default value is 2 so very small circles have a smaller number of line segments than specified using $fa. The minimum allowed value is 0.01. Attempting to set a lower value causes a warning. $fn is number of line segments and usually has the default value of 0. When this variable has a value greater than zero, the other two variables are ignored, and a full circle is rendered using this number of line segments. The higher the number of line segments, the more memory and CPU consumed; large values can bring many systems to their knees. Depending on the design, $fn values, and the corresponding results of $fa & $fs, should be kept small, at least until the design is finalised when it can be increased for the final result. '''A $fn over 128 is not recommended''' or only for specific circumstances, and below 50 would be advisable for performance. You can also use two different values for preview and render $fn = $preview ? 32 : 64; '''TIP:''' If you want to create a circle/cylinder/sphere which has an axis aligned integer bounding box (i.e. a bounding box that has integral dimensions, and an integral position) use a value of $fn that is divisible by 4. The circular shape appears as a faceted polygon that is inscribed within the radius or diameter provided. When $fa and $fs are used to determine the number of line segments for a circle, then OpenSCAD never uses fewer than 5 line segments. This is the C code that calculates the number of line segments in a circle: int get_line segments_from_r(double r, double fn, double fs, double fa) { if (r < GRID_FINE) return 3; if (fn > 0.0) return (int)(fn >= 3 ? fn : 3); return (int)ceil(fmax(fmin(360.0 / fa, r*2*M_PI / fs), 5)); } Or you can embed this OpenSCAD version in your code to work out what's going on, you need to set r= to your size echo(n=($fn>0?($fn>=3?$fn:3):ceil(max(min(360/$fa,r*2*PI/$fs),5))),a_based=floor(360/$fa),s_based=floor(r*2*PI/$fs)); Spheres are first sliced into as many slices as the number of line segments being used to render a circle of the sphere's radius, and then every slice is rendered into as many line segments as are needed for the slice radius. You might have recognized already that the pole of a sphere is usually a pentagon, because 5 is the minimum value for line segments when calculated from $fa and $fs. If a cylinder has both top and bottom radii specified, the number of line segments is determined using the greater of the two. The method is also used when rendering circles and arcs from DXF files. The variables have no effect when importing STL files. You can generate high resolution spheres by resetting the $fX values in the instantiating module: $fs = 0.01; sphere(2); or simply by passing the special variable as parameter: sphere(2, $fs = 0.01); You can even scale the special variable instead of resetting it: sphere(2, $fs = $fs * 0.01); ===Animation: $t {{anchor|$t}}=== [[File:Spring 100x20 in OpenSCAD.gif|thumb|Simple harmonic motion, 20 FPS, 100 steps]] [[File:Animated gears 17T and 31T.gif|thumb|Animated gears 17T and 31T]] The $t variable is used in "rotate" and "translate" for animation, $t*360 giving complete cycles. To start animation, select '''View/animate''' and enter values for "FPS" and "Steps". The "Time" field shows the current value of $t as a decimal fraction. The value of $t will repeat from 0 through (1 - 1/''Steps''). It never reaches 1 because this would produce a "hitch" in the animation if using it for rotation -- two consecutive frames would be at the same angle. There is no variable to distinguish between the cases of animation running at the first frame ($t=0) and animation not running, so make $t=0 your rest position for the model. ==== Simple harmonic motion ==== <code>translate ([0, 0, 10*sin($t*360)])</code> <code>sphere(2);</code> gives a sphere that oscillates between -10 and +10 on the Z-axis. ==== Rotation ==== <code>rotate ([0, 0, $t*360])</code> <code>square(5);</code> rotates a square around one corner around the Z-axis. To rotate the square about its middle, use: <code>rotate ([0, 0, $t*360])</code> <code>square(5, center=true);</code> ==== Part-rotation ==== All parts in an animation complete one cycle of motion in the same time, $t, jump back to zero, and start again. However, the cycles can be given different numbers of steps, to give the illusion of different speeds in the same animation. This can be used to animate meshing gears of different sizes. <code>rotate([0, 0, $t*360/17])</code> <code>gear(teeth=17);</code> and <code>rotate([0, 0, -$t*360/31])</code> <code>gear(teeth=31);</code> ==== Circular orbit ==== <code>rotate ([0, 0, $t*360])</code> <code>translate ([10, 0])</code> <code>square(5, center=true);</code> ==== Circular orbit without rotation ==== <code>rotate ([0, 0, $t*360])</code> <code>translate ([9, 0])</code> [[File:Elliptical_orbit.gif|thumb|Elliptical orbit]] <code>rotate ([0, 0, -$t*360])</code> <code>square(5, center=true);</code> ==== Elliptical orbit ==== <code>translate([10*sin($t*360), 20*cos($t*360)])</code> <code>square(2, center=true);</code> Note that with "translate", the object does not rotate. ==== Elliptical motion ==== [[File:Elliptical_motion.gif|thumb|Elliptical motion]] <code>e=10;</code> <code>rotate([0, 0, $t*360])</code> <code>translate([e, 0])</code> <code>rotate([0, 0, -$t*720])</code> <code>square([2*e, 2], center=true);</code> If "Dump Pictures" is checked, then images are created in the same directory as the .scad file. The exported PNG files can be turned into a gif via command line: magick -delay 10 -loop 0 *.png myimage.gif where <code>-delay 10</code> is the duration of each frame in milliseconds, and <code>-loop 0</code> specifies the number of loops (0 = loop forever). The <code>magick</code> command is part of ImageMagick, which can be installed on Linux, macOS, and Windows. Additional parameters are possible for cropping and scaling. ===Viewport: $vpr, $vpt, $vpf and $vpd {{anchor|$vpr,_$vpt,_$vpf_and_$vpd|$vpr|$vpt|$vpf|$vpd}}=== These contain the current viewport rotation and translation and camera distance - at the time of doing the rendering. Moving the viewport does not update them. During an animation they are updated for each frame. *$vpr shows rotation *$vpt shows translation (i.e. won't be affected by rotate and zoom) *$vpf shows the FOV (Field of View) of the view {{requires|2021.01}} *$vpd shows the camera distance {{requires|2015.03}} Example cube([10, 10, $vpr[0] / 10]); which makes the cube change size based on the view angle, if an animation loop is active (which does not need to use the $t variable) You can also make bits of a complex model vanish as you change the view. All four variables are writable, but only assignments at the top-level of the main file has an effect on the viewport. {{requires|2015.03}} Example $vpr = [0, 0, $t * 360]; which allows a simple 360 degree rotation around the Z axis in animation mode. The menu command ''Edit - Paste Viewport Rotation/Translation'' copies the current value of the viewport, but not the current $vpr or $vpt. ====How to impose a view at first start?==== You can detect the Openscad opening as it always have the same rotation vector [55,0,25] and then impose your own viewport values. As soon as you change the view, this vector will change and nothing will be imposed next time. Example: <syntaxhighlight lang="c++"> firstview=$vpr==[55,0,25]; //Detect that we just started OpenScad //Camera distance $vpd=firstview?8200:$vpd; //Camera translation $vpt=firstview?[160,-30,320]:$vpt; //Camera rotation $vpr=firstview?[80,0,250]:$vpr; </syntaxhighlight> ====To know your current viewport, you can create a small module for your own library==== <syntaxhighlight lang="c++"> module echo_camera () { // Echo camera variables on console if($preview) { echo("Camera distance: ",$vpd); echo("Camera translation vector: ",$vpt); echo("Camera rotation vector: ",$vpr); } } </syntaxhighlight> === Execution mode: $preview {{anchor|$preview}}=== {{requires|2019.05}} $preview is true, when in OpenCSG preview (F5). $preview is false, when in render (F6). This can, for example, be used to reduce detail during preview to save time, without losing detail in the final rendered result: $fn = $preview ? 12 : 72; sphere(r = 1); Note that the render module does not affect $preview: render(){ $fn = $preview ? 12 : 72; sphere(r = 1); } Another use could be to make the preview show an assembly view and the render generate just the printed parts laid out for printing. If printed parts need extra features that are removed post printing, for example support for suspended holes, then the preview can omit these to show the finished part after post processing. When OpenSCAD is run from the command line $preview is only true when generating a PNG image with OpenCSG. It is false when generating STL, DXF and SVG files with CGAL. It is also false when generating CSG and ECHO files. This may or may not be what you want, but you can always override it on the command line like any other variable with the -D option. == Echo module {{anchor|echo}}== The echo() module prints the contents to the compilation window (aka Console). Useful for debugging code. Also see the String function [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/String_Functions#str|str()]]. Numeric values are rounded to 5 significant digits. It can be handy to use 'variable=variable' as the expression to easily label the variables, see the example below. '''Usage examples:''' <syntaxhighlight lang="javascript"> my_h=50; my_r=100; echo("This is a cylinder with h=", my_h, " and r=", my_r); echo(my_h=my_h,my_r=my_r); // shortcut cylinder(h=my_h, r=my_r); </syntaxhighlight> Shows in the Console as ECHO: "This is a cylinder with h=", 50, " and r=", 100 ECHO: my_h = 50, my_r = 100 Note that the output will not have the extra double quotes and commas if converted to a string using str(). === Rounding examples === An example for the rounding: <syntaxhighlight lang="javascript"> a=1.0; b=1.000002; echo(a); echo(b); if(a==b){ //while echoed the same, the values are still distinct echo ("a==b"); }else if(a>b){ echo ("a>b"); }else if(a<b){ echo ("a<b"); }else{ echo ("???"); } </syntaxhighlight> Shows in the Console as ECHO: 1 ECHO: 1 ECHO: "a<b" === Small and large Numbers === <syntaxhighlight lang="javascript"> c=1000002; d=0.000002; echo(c); //1e+06 echo(d); //2e-06 </syntaxhighlight> === HTML === HTML output is not officially supported, however depending on the OpenSCAD version, some HTML tags were rendered in the console window. == Echo function == {{requires|2019.05}} Echo can be used in expression context to print information while the function/expression is evaluated. The output is generated before the expression evaluation to allow debugging of recursive functions. '''Example''' a = 3; b = 5; // echo() prints values before evaluating the expression r1 = echo(a, b) a * b; // ECHO: 3, 5 // using let it's still easy to output the result r2 = let(r = 2 * a * b) echo(r) r; // ECHO: 30 // use echo statement for showing results echo(r1, r2); // ECHO: 15, 30 A more complex example shows how echo() can be used in both descending and ascending path of a recursive function. The result() helper function is a simple way to output the value of an expression after evaluation. '''Example printing both input values and result of recursive sum()''' v = [4, 7, 9, 12]; function result(x) = echo(result = x) x; function sum(x, i = 0) = echo(str("x[", i, "]=", x[i])) result(len(x) > i ? x[i] + sum(x, i + 1) : 0); echo("sum(v) = ", sum(v)); // ECHO: "x[0]=4" // ECHO: "x[1]=7" // ECHO: "x[2]=9" // ECHO: "x[3]=12" // ECHO: "x[4]=undef" // ECHO: result = 0 // ECHO: result = 12 // ECHO: result = 21 // ECHO: result = 28 // ECHO: result = 32 // ECHO: "sum(v) = ", 32 == render == [[File:Screenshot Render Example Wikibooks.png|thumb|example in preview]] [[File:Screenshot OpenSCAD Edge Render.png|thumb|render() effects show edges]] Forces the generation of a mesh even in preview mode. This is useful in certain situations where preview has trouble, e.g.: * When the subassembly becomes complex and pan/rotate/zoom get slow; the first run will be slower but then pan/rotate/zoom will be faster. * Can help with convexity-related artifacts, though you still need to specify convexity on the <code>render()</code> itself - See [[OpenSCAD User Manual/FAQ#Why are some parts (e.g. holes) of the model not rendered correctly?]] * When you want to move the camera inside part of the model (including invisible parts used in <code>difference()</code> or <code>intersection()</code> - See [[OpenSCAD User Manual/FAQ#Why_does_difference_(or_intersection)_sometimes_not_work_in_preview?]] * To avoid Z-fighting - See [[OpenSCAD User Manual/FAQ#What_are_those_strange_flickering_artifacts_in_the_preview?]] '''Usage examples:''' ''(Needs description)'' render(convexity = 2) difference() { cube([20, 20, 150], center = true); translate([-10, -10, 0]) cylinder(h = 80, r = 10, center = true); translate([-10, -10, +40]) sphere(r = 10); translate([-10, -10, -40]) sphere(r = 10); } == surface == Surface reads [[:w:Heightmap|Heightmap]] information from text or image files. '''Parameters''' ; file : String. The path to the file containing the heightmap data. ; center : Boolean. This determines the positioning of the generated object. If true, object is centered in X- and Y-axis. Otherwise, the object is placed in the positive quadrant. Defaults to false. ; invert : Boolean. Inverts how the color values of imported images are translated into height values. This has no effect when importing text data files. Defaults to false.: The geometry that results from using this parameter is positioned with its top in the z = 0 plane. A thin "footprint" layer, one unit thick, is added automatically just below the height map.:: {{requires|2015.03}} ; convexity : Integer. The convexity parameter specifies the maximum number of front sides (back sides) a ray intersecting the object might penetrate. This parameter is only needed for correctly displaying the object in OpenCSG preview mode and has no effect on the final rendering. === Text file format === The format for text based height maps is a matrix of numbers which represent the heights for specific points. Rows are mapped in Y-axis direction, columns in X axis direction, with one unit increment between adjacent rows and columns. The numbers must be separated by spaces or tabs. Empty lines and lines starting with a # character are ignored. === Images === {{requires|2015.03}} Currently only PNG images are supported. Alpha channel information of the image is ignored and the height for the pixel is determined by converting the color value to [[:w:Grayscale|Grayscale]] using the linear luminance for the sRGB color space (Y = 0.2126R + 0.7152G + 0.0722B). The gray scale values are scaled to be in the range 0 to 100. A thin "footprint" layer, one unit thick, is added automatically just below the height map. === Examples === '''Example 1:''' // OpenSCAD Script for Solar Panel Mounting Structure // Based on the provided blueprints. // --- KEY MEASUREMENTS (All in MM) --- // Bay Dimensions bay_length = 402; // Spacing between each row of posts (isometric view) structure_width = 942; // Distance between posts at the front (front elevation) num_bays = 5; // Assumed 5 bays as in isometric view // Post and Concrete Base Dimensions post_section_w = 80; // 80mm post_section_h = 80; // 80mm post_height_from_concrete = 233; // From concrete to rafter bottom concrete_base_w = 60; // 60x60mm concrete_base_height = 120; // 120mm // Rafter Dimensions rafter_section_w = 160; // 160mm rafter_section_h = 80; // 80mm rafter_total_width = 950; // Total width of rafter section // Purlin Dimensions (Z-Purlin) purlin_w = 152.4; // 6 inches = 152.4mm purlin_h = 76.2; // 3 inches = 76.2mm num_purlins_per_bay = 4; // Sample number of purlins per bay // Solar Panel Dimensions panel_length = 130; // 130mm (From front elevation text: "130 X 238 X 56") panel_width = 238; // 238mm panel_thickness = 56; // 56mm panel_spacing_front = 120; // Spacing between panels at the front panel_spacing_bay = 55; // Spacing from side num_panels_per_bay_front = 4; // Number of panels arrayed across bay width // Bracing (Cross bracing in isometric view) bracing_section_w = 60; bracing_section_h = 40; // --- STRUCTURE CONSTRUCTION --- // Concrete Bases and Posts module concrete_and_posts() { color("gray") for (i = [0 : num_bays]) { for (j = [0 : 1]) { translate([i * bay_length, j * structure_width - post_section_w/2, 0]) cube([concrete_base_w, concrete_base_w, concrete_base_height]); translate([i * bay_length + (concrete_base_w - post_section_w)/2, j * structure_width - post_section_w/2, concrete_base_height]) cube([post_section_w, post_section_h, post_height_from_concrete]); } } } // Rafters module rafters() { color("blue") for (i = [0 : num_bays]) { translate([i * bay_length + (concrete_base_w - rafter_section_w)/2, -rafter_section_w/2, concrete_base_height + post_height_from_concrete]) cube([rafter_total_width, rafter_section_w, rafter_section_h]); } } // Purlins (Z-purlins are shown as boxes for visualization) module purlins() { color("cyan") for (i = [0 : num_bays - 1]) { for (j = [0 : num_purlins_per_bay - 1]) { translate([i * bay_length + bay_length/num_purlins_per_bay + j * (bay_length/num_purlins_per_bay) - purlin_h/2, 0, concrete_base_height + post_height_from_concrete + rafter_section_h]) cube([purlin_h, structure_width, purlin_w]); } } } // Solar Panels (A single array over the first bay for layout visualization) module solar_panels() { color("silver") translate([0, 0, concrete_base_height + post_height_from_concrete + rafter_section_h + purlin_w]) for (i = [0 : 0]) { // Single bay only to show front view spacing for (j = [0 : num_panels_per_bay_front - 1]) { translate([panel_spacing_bay, panel_spacing_front * j, 0]) cube([panel_length, panel_width, panel_thickness]); } } } // Bracing (Cross bracing) module bracing() { color("yellow") for (i = [0 : num_bays - 1]) { for (j = [0 : 1]) { // Knee brace detail translate([i * bay_length + 10, j * structure_width - post_section_w/2 + post_section_w + 10, concrete_base_height + post_height_from_concrete - 100]) rotate([0, -45, 0]) cube([bracing_section_w, bracing_section_h, 150]); // Cross brace detail translate([i * bay_length + bay_length/2, j * structure_width - post_section_w/2 + post_section_w, concrete_base_height + post_height_from_concrete]) rotate([0, 45, 0]) cube([bracing_section_w, bracing_section_h, structure_width/2]); } } } // --- RENDERING --- concrete_and_posts(); rafters(); purlins(); solar_panels(); // Note: Panels are based on front-view spacing bracing(); // Cross-bracing for stability // A note about the typo mentioned in the memo: // NOTE: Check for the typographical error in Item #2 list. The text "Posheng Galvanized Steel" should be read as "Post Galvanized Steel". Result: [[File:Openscad_surface_example_x1.png]] '''Example 2''' // example010.dat generated using octave or matlab: d = (sin(1:0.2:10)' * cos(1:0.2:10)) * 10; save("-ascii", "example010.dat", "d"); //original surface surface(file = "example010.dat", center = true, convexity = 5); //rotated surface translate(v = [70, 0, 0]) rotate(45, [0, 0, 1]) surface(file = "example010.dat", center = true, convexity = 5); //intersection translate(v = [35, 60, 0]) intersection() { surface(file = "example010.dat", center = true, convexity = 5); rotate(45, [0, 0, 1]) surface(file = "example010.dat", center = true, convexity = 5); } [[File:Surface example 2 new.png|frameless|655x655px]] '''Example 3:''' {{requires|2015.03}} // Example 3a scale([1, 1, 0.1]) surface(file = "smiley.png", center = true); // Example 3b scale([1, 1, 0.1]) surface(file = "smiley.png", center = true, invert = true); {{multiple image | align = center | width = 220 | footer = Example 3: Using surface() with a PNG image as heightmap input. | image1 = OpenSCAD surface example input image.png | alt1 = Input image | caption1 = Input image | image2 = OpenSCAD surface example.png | alt2 = Surface output | caption2 = Example 3a: surface(invert = false) | image3 = OpenSCAD surface example (inverted).png | alt3 = Surface output inverted | caption3 = Example 3b: surface (invert = true) }} '''Example 4:''' {{requires|2015.03}} // Example 4 surface(file = "BRGY-Grey.png", center = true, invert = false); <gallery> File:BRGY-Grey.png|PNG Test File File:BRGY-Grey-3D.png|3D Surface </gallery> == search == The search() function is a general-purpose function to find one or more (or all) occurrences of a value or list of values in a vector, string or more complex list-of-list construct. === Search usage === :search( ''match_value'' , ''string_or_vector'' [, ''num_returns_per_match'' [, ''index_col_num'' ] ] ); === Search arguments === * '''match_value''' :* Can be a single string value. Search loops over the characters in the string and searches for each one in the second argument. The second argument must be a string or a list of lists (this second case is not recommended). The search function does '''not''' search for substrings. :* Can be a single numerical value. :* Can be a list of values. The search function searches for each item on the list. :* To search for a list or a full string give the list or string as a single element list such as ["abc"] to search for the string "abc" (See '''Example 9''') or <nowiki>[[6,7,8]]</nowiki> to search for the list [6,7,8]. Without the extra brackets, search looks separately for each item in the list. :* If match_value is boolean then search returns undef. * '''string_or_vector''' :* The string or vector to search for matches. :* If '''match_value''' is a string then this should be a string and the string is searched for individual character matches to the characters in '''match_value''' :* If this is a list of lists, v=[[a0,a1,a2...],[b0,b1,b2,...],[c0,c1,c2,...],...] then search looks only at one index position of the sublists. By default this is position 0, so the search looks only at a0, b0, c0, etc. The '''index_col_num''' parameter changes which index is searched. :* If '''match_value''' is a string and this parameter is a list of lists then the characters of the string are tested against the appropriate index entry in the list of lists. However, if any characters fail to find a match a warning message is printed and that return value is excluded from the output (if '''num_returns_per_match''' is 1). This means that the length of the output is unpredictable. * '''num_returns_per_match''' (default: 1) :* By default, search only looks for one match per element of match_value to return as a list of indices :* If num_returns_per_match > 1, search returns a list of lists of up to num_returns_per_match index values for each element of match_value. ::* See '''Example 8''' below. :* If num_returns_per_match = 0, search returns a list of lists of '''all''' matching index values for each element of match_value. ::* See '''Example 6''' below. * '''index_col_num''' (default: 0) :* As noted above, when searching a list of lists, search looks only at one index position of each sublist. That index position is specified by '''index_col_num'''. :* See '''Example 5''' below for a simple usage example. === Search usage examples === :See '''example023.scad''' included with OpenSCAD for a renderable example. ==== Index values return as list ==== <!-- condense into table so above syntax can be viewed on screen too --> {| class="wikitable" ! Example ! Code ! Result |- |align="center"| 1 | <code>search("a","abcdabcd");</code> | [0] |- |align="center"| 2 | <code>search("e","abcdabcd");</code> | [] |- |align="center"| 3 | <code>search("a","abcdabcd",0);</code> | <nowiki>[[0,4]]</nowiki> |- |align="center"| 4 | <code>data=[ ["a",1],["b",2],["c",3],["d",4],["a",5],["b",6],["c",7],["d",8],["e",9] ];</code> <code>search("a", data, ''num_returns_per_match''=0);</code> | <nowiki>[[0,4]] (see also Example 6 below)</nowiki> |} ==== Search on different column; return Index values ==== '''Example 5:''' data= [ ["a",1],["b",2],["c",3],["d",4],["a",5],["b",6],["c",7],["d",8],["e",3] ]; echo(search(3, data)); // Searches index 0, so it doesn't find anything echo(search(3, data, ''num_returns_per_match''=0, ''index_col_num''=1)); Outputs: ECHO: [] ECHO: [2, 8] ==== Search on list of values ==== '''Example 6: Return all matches per search vector element.''' data= [ ["a",1],["b",2],["c",3],["d",4],["a",5],["b",6],["c",7],["d",8],["e",9] ]; search("abc", data, num_returns_per_match=0); Returns: [[0,4],[1,5],[2,6]] '''Example 7: Return first match per search vector element; special case return vector.''' data= [ ["a",1],["b",2],["c",3],["d",4],["a",5],["b",6],["c",7],["d",8],["e",9] ]; search("abc", data, num_returns_per_match=1); Returns: [0,1,2] '''Example 8: Return first two matches per search vector element; vector of vectors.''' data= [ ["a",1],["b",2],["c",3],["d",4],["a",5],["b",6],["c",7],["d",8],["e",9] ]; search("abce", data, num_returns_per_match=2); Returns: [[0,4],[1,5],[2,6],[8]] ==== Search on list of strings ==== '''Example 9:''' lTable2=[ ["cat",1],["b",2],["c",3],["dog",4],["a",5],["b",6],["c",7],["d",8],["e",9],["apple",10],["a",11] ]; lSearch2=["b","zzz","a","c","apple","dog"]; l2=search(lSearch2,lTable2); echo(str("Default list string search (",lSearch2,"): ",l2)); Returns ECHO: "Default list string search (["b", "zzz", "a", "c", "apple", "dog"]): [1, [], 4, 2, 9, 3]" ==== Getting the right results ==== // workout which vectors get the results v=[ ["O",2],["p",3],["e",9],["n",4],["S",5],["C",6],["A",7],["D",8] ]; // echo(v[0]); // -> ["O",2] echo(v[1]); // -> ["p",3] echo(v[1][0],v[1][1]); // -> "p",3 echo(search("p",v)); // find "p" -> [1] echo(search("p",v)[0]); // -> 1 echo(search(9,v,0,1)); // find 9 -> [2] echo(v[search(9,v,0,1)[0]]); // -> ["e",9] echo(v[search(9,v,0,1)[0]][0]); // -> "e" echo(v[search(9,v,0,1)[0]][1]); // -> 9 echo(v[search("p",v,1,0)[0]][1]); // -> 3 echo(v[search("p",v,1,0)[0]][0]); // -> "p" echo(v[search("d",v,1,0)[0]][0]); // "d" not found -> undef echo(v[search("D",v,1,0)[0]][1]); // -> 8 == OpenSCAD version {{anchor|OpenSCAD_Version}} == version() and version_num() returns the OpenSCAD version number. * The version() function returns the OpenSCAD version as a vector of three numbers, e.g. [2011, 9, 23] * The version_num() function returns the OpenSCAD version as a number, e.g. 20110923 == parent_module(n) and $parent_modules == $parent_modules contains the number of modules in the instantiation stack. parent_module(i) returns the name of the module i levels above the current module in the instantiation stack. The stack is independent of where the modules are defined. It's where they're instantiated that counts. This can, for example, be used to build a BOM (Bill Of Material). Example: module top() { children(); } module middle() { children(); } top() middle() echo(parent_module(0)); // prints "middle" top() middle() echo(parent_module(1)); // prints "top" == assert == {{requires|2019.05}} ''see also {{w|Assertion (software development)}}'' Assert evaluates a logical expression. If the expression evaluates to false, the generation of the preview/render is stopped, and an error condition is reported via the console. The report consists of a string representation of the expression and an additional string (optional) that is specified in the assert command. assert(condition); assert(condition, message); '''Parameters''' ; condition : Expression. The expression to be evaluated as check for the assertion. ; message : String. Optional message to be output in case the assertion failed. === Example === The simplest example is a simple <code>assert(false);</code>, e.g. in a file named <code>assert_example1.scad</code>. <syntaxhighlight lang="javascript"> cube(); assert(false); sphere(); // ERROR: Assertion 'false' failed in file assert_example1.scad, line 2 </syntaxhighlight> This example has little use, but the simple <code>assert(false);</code> can be used in code sections that should be unreachable. === Checking parameters === A useful example is checking the validity of input parameters: <syntaxhighlight lang="javascript"> module row(cnt = 3){ // Count has to be a positive integer greater 0 assert(cnt > 0); for (i = [1 : cnt]) { translate([i * 2, 0, 0]) sphere(); } } row(0); // ERROR: Assertion '(cnt > 0)' failed in file assert_example2.scad, line 3 </syntaxhighlight> === Adding message === When writing a library, it could be useful to output additional information to the user in case of an failed assertion. <syntaxhighlight lang="javascript"> module row(cnt = 3){ assert(cnt > 0, "Count has to be a positive integer greater 0"); for(i = [1 : cnt]) { translate([i * 2, 0, 0]) sphere(); } } row(0); // ERROR: Assertion '(cnt > 0)': "Count has to be a positive integer greater 0" failed in file assert_example3.scad, line 2 </syntaxhighlight> === Using assertions in function === Assert returns its children, so when using it in a function you can write <syntaxhighlight lang="javascript"> function f(a, b) = assert(a < 0, "wrong a") // assert input assert(b > 0, "wrong b") // assert input let (c = a + b) // derive a new value from input assert(c != 0, "wrong c") // assert derived value a * b; // calculate </syntaxhighlight> {{BookCat}} pb6l1ya4e97vkl30gjsv9vw6fd5qbmv Aros/User/Applications 0 237399 4679280 4679059 2026-10-31T14:40:50Z Jeff1138 301139 4679280 wikitext text/x-wiki ==Introduction== [[#Graphical Image Editing Art]] [[#Office Application]] [[#Audio]] [[#Misc Application]] [[#Games & Emulation]] [[#Application Guides]] [[#top|...to the top]] [[#top|...to the top]] Most apps can be opened on the Workbench (aka publicscreen pubscreen) which is the default display option but can offer a custom one set to your configurations (aka custom screen mode promotion). These custom ones tend to stack so the possible use of A-M/A-N method of switching between full screens and the ability to pull down screens as well If you are interested in creating or porting new software, see [http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Aros/Developer/Docs here] {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !width:30%;|Internet Applications !width:10%;|AROS(x86) !width:10%;|Commodore-Amiga OS 3.1 (68k) !width:10%;|Hyperion OS4(PPC) !width:10%;|MorphOS(PPC) |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Web Online Browser [], |<!--AROS-->[https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=network/browser Amelinium], Odyssey 2.0, [https://www.arosworld.org/infusions/forum/viewthread.php?thread_id=1175&highlight=odyssey&rowstart=100 Odyssey 3.0], [], |<!--Amiga OS-->[https://juen.in/ Amelinium], [https://blog.alb42.de/programs/amifox/ amifox] with [https://github.com/alb42/wrp wrp server], IBrowse*, [https://github.com/zapek/Voyager Voyager], [https://github.com/reinauer/Voyager Voyager fork GCC] [https://github.com/amigazen/aweb3/ AWeb 3.6 src], [https://github.com/matjam/aweb AWeb Src], [http://aminet.net/package/comm/www/NetSurf-m68k-sources Netsurf], [], |<!--AmigaOS4-->[ Odyssey OWB], [ Timberwolf (Firefox port 2011)], [http://amigaworld.net/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?forum=32&topic_id=32847 OWB-mui], [http://strohmayer.org/owb/ OWB-Reaction], IBrowse*, [http://os4depot.net/index.php?function=showfile&file=network/browser/aweb.lha AWeb], Voyager, [http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&cat=network/browser Netsurf], |<!--MorphOS-->Wayfarer, [http://fabportnawak.free.fr/owb/ Odyssey OWB], [ Netsurf], IBrowse*, AWeb, [], |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Downloading videos and/or audio [https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp yt-dlp], [https://clipgrab.org/ clipgrab], |<!--AROS-->[], [https://blog.alb42.de/amitube/ Amitube], |<!--Amiga OS-->[https://blog.alb42.de/amitube/ Amitube], [ smtube], |<!--AmigaOS4-->[https://blog.alb42.de/amitube/ Amitube], getVideo, |<!--MorphOS-->[ ytsearch], [https://blog.alb42.de/amitube/ Amitube], [ getVideo], Tubexx |- |<!--Sub Menu-->E-mailing SMTP POP3 IMAP based |<!--AROS-->Emailinium, [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=network/email SimpleMail], [http://sourceforge.net/projects/simplemail/files/ src], [https://github.com/jens-maus/yam YAM] |<!--Amiga OS-->Emailinium, [http://sourceforge.net/projects/simplemail/files/ SimpleMail], [https://github.com/jens-maus/yam YAM] |<!--AmigaOS4-->SimpleMail, YAM, |<!--MorphOS--> SimpleMail, YAM, |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Internet Chat IRC, ICB, |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=network/chat WookieChat], [https://sourceforge.net/projects/wookiechat/ Wookiechat src], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=network/chat AiRcOS], Jabberwocky, |<!--Amiga OS-->[https://github.com/charabaruk/WookieChat Wookiechat], AmIRC |<!--AmigaOS4-->Wookiechat |<!--MorphOS-->[http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=5 Wookiechat], [ AmIRC], |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Instant Messaging IM like [https://github.com/BlitterStudio/amidon Hollywood lang based Mastodon client], BlueSky AT protocol, Facebook(TM), Twitter X (TM), Bitlbee IRC Gateway and others |<!--AROS-->[https://github.com/kaffeine1/telegram-amiga telegram-amiga], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=network/chat jabberwocky], |<!--Amiga OS-->[http://amitwitter.sourceforge.net/ AmiTwitter], CLIMM, SabreMSN, [https://sourceforge.net/projects/ajabberwocky/ jabberwocky], |<!--AmigaOS4-->[http://amitwitter.sourceforge.net/ AmiTwitter], SabreMSN, |<!--MorphOS-->[http://amitwitter.sourceforge.net/ AmiTwitter], [http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=5 PolyglotNG], SabreMSN, |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Torrents |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=network/p2p ArTorr], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4-->CTorrent, Transmission |<!--MorphOS-->MLDonkey, Beehive, [http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=5 Transmission], CTorrent, |- |<!--Sub Menu-->FTP |<!--AROS-->[https://github.com/BlitterStudio/dopus5 Dopus5 Magellan], MarranoFTP, [https://aminet.net/package/comm/tcp/wput-0.3.4c.i386-aros wput i386 c src] |<!--Amiga OS-->[https://github.com/BlitterStudio/dopus5 Dopus5 Magellan], [http://aminet.net/package/comm/tcp/AmiFTP AmiFTP], AmiTradeCenter, ncFTP, [https://aminet.net/package/comm/tcp/sana2-tftpclient sana2 tftpclient c src] |<!--AmigaOS4-->[https://github.com/BlitterStudio/dopus5 Dopus5 Magellan], |<!--MorphOS-->[https://github.com/BlitterStudio/dopus5 Dopus5 Magellan], [http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=5 Pftp], [http://aminet.net/package/comm/tcp/AmiFTP-1.935-OS4 AmiFTP], |- |<!--Sub Menu-->WYSIWYG Web Site Editor |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Internet Radio Streaming Audio [http://www.gnu.org/software/gnump3d/ gnump3d], [http://www.icecast.org/ Icecast2] Server (Broadcast) and Client (Listen), [ mpd], [http://darkice.sourceforge.net/ DarkIce], [http://www.dyne.org/software/muse/ Muse], |<!--AROS-->[https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=audio/misc], Mplayer (Icecast Client only), |<!--Amiga OS-->[https://github.com/sandlbn/TuneFinder TuneFinder C Src], [https://github.com/sandlbn/TuneFinderMUI TuneFinderMUI], [http://amigazeux.net/anr/ AmiNetRadio], [https://github.com/boingball/MintAMP MintAMP], [], |<!--AmigaOS4-->[http://www.tunenet.co.uk/ Tunenet], |<!--MorphOS-->Mplayer, AmiNetRadio, |- |<!--Sub Menu-->VoIP (Voice over IP) with SIP Client (Session Initiation Protocol) or Asterisk IAX2 Clients Softphone (skype like) |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS-->AmiPhone with Speak Freely, |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Weather Forecast |<!--AROS-->[http://sourceforge.net/projects/zunetools/files/ WeatherBar], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=utility/workbench AWeather], [] |<!--Amiga OS-->[http://amigazeux.net/wetter/ Wetter], [https://github.com/emartisoft/AmiWeatherForecasts AmiWeatherForecasts src], |<!--AmigaOS4-->[http://os4depot.net/?function=showfile&file=utility/workbench/flipclock.lha FlipClock], |<!--MorphOS-->[http://amigazeux.net/wetter/ Wetter], |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Street Road Maps Route Planning GPS Tracking |<!--AROS-->[https://blog.alb42.de/programs/muimapparium/ MuiMapparium] [https://build.alb42.de/ Build of MuiMapp versions], |<!--Amiga OS-->AmiAtlas*, UKRoutePlus*, [http://blog.alb42.de/ AmOSM], |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS-->[http://blog.alb42.de/programs/mapparium/ Mapparium], |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Clock and Date setting from the internet by network time protocol (NTP) [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/ World Clock], [http://www.time.gov/ old standard NIST Internet Time Servers], |<!--AROS-->[https://github.com/bohunamiga/PiNTP PiNTP], [https://archives.arosworld.org/?function=showfile&file=utility/workbench/amitimekeeper.i386-aros.lha amitimekeeper with c src], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=network/misc ntpsync], [], |<!--Amiga OS-->ntpsync, [http://aminet.net/package/util/cdity/AmiTimeKeeper amitimekeeper], [http://aminet.net/comm/misc/netclock netclock], [https://aminet.net/package/comm/net/sntp sntp], [http://aminet.net/package/util/time/ScreenTime ScreenTime], [https://github.com/reinauer/SyncTime SyncTime], |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Newsgroups |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS-->[http://newscoaster.sourceforge.net/ Newscoaster], [https://github.com/jens-maus/newsrog NewsRog], [ WorldNews], |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->RSS |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS-->[https://github.com/Team-Boingo/AmiRSS AmiRSS src] |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->AI |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS-->[https://github.com/murinsel/AmigaAI Claude], [https://github.com/geekychris/amiga_mcp AI on host machine], [], |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->BBS |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu--> |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |} <nowiki>*</nowiki> Commercial product. ==Graphical Image Editing Art== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !width:30%;|Image Editing !width:10%;|AROS(x86) !width:10%;|Commodore-Amiga OS 3.1(68k) !width:10%;|Hyperion OS4(PPC) !width:10%;|MorphOS(PPC) |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Pixel Raster Artwork [https://github.com/LibreSprite/LibreSprite LibreSprite based on GPL aseprite], [https://github.com/abetusk/hsvhero hsvhero], [], |<!--AROS-->[https://sourceforge.net/projects/zunetools/files/ZunePaint/ ZunePaint], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=graphics/edit LunaPaint], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=graphics/edit GrafX2], [ LodePaint needs OpenGL], |<!--Amiga OS-->[http://www.amigaforever.com/classic/download.html PPaint], GrafX2, [https://github.com/grovdata/Amiga_Sources/blob/master/software.md DeluxePaint], [http://www.amiforce.de/perfectpaint/perfectpaint.php PerfectPaint], Zoetrope, Brilliance2*, |<!--AmigaOS4-->[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&cat=graphics/edit LodePaint], GrafX2, |<!--MorphOS-->Sketch, Pixel*, GrafX2, [http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=3 LunaPaint] |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Image viewing |<!--AROS-->[http://sourceforge.net/projects/zunetools/files/ ZuneView], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=graphics/viewer LookHere], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=graphics/viewer LoView], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=graphics/viewer PicShow] , [http://amigaworld.net/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?mode=viewtopic&topic_id=31400&forum=32&start=80&viewmode=flat&order=0#583458 Picture Album], |<!--Amiga OS-->PicShow, PicView, Photoalbum, |<!--AmigaOS4-->WarpView, PicShow, flPhoto, Thumbs, [http://amigaworld.net/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?mode=viewtopic&topic_id=31400&forum=32&start=80&viewmode=flat&order=0#583458 Picture Album], |<!--MorphOS-->[http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=3 ShowGirls], [http://amigaworld.net/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?mode=viewtopic&topic_id=31400&forum=32&start=80&viewmode=flat&order=0#583458 Picture Album] |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Photography retouching / Image Manipulation like Photoshop(tm) |<!--AROS-->[ PhotoCraft], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=graphics/edit RNOEffects], |<!--Amiga OS-->[ Tecsoft Video Paint aka TVPaint], Photogenics*, ArtEffect*, ImageFX*, XiPaint, fxPaint, ImageMasterRT, Opalpaint, |<!--AmigaOS4-->WarpView, flPhoto, [http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&cat=graphics/edit Photocrop] |<!--MorphOS-->[http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=3 ShowGirls], ImageFX*, |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Manage RAW picture folder galleries like Darktable, RAWtherapy, etc |<!--AROS--> [ LightCraft], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Graphic Format Converter - ICC profile support sRGB, Adobe RGB, XYZ and linear RGB |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS-->GraphicsConverter, ImageStudio, [http://www.coplabs.org/artpro.html ArtPro] |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Thumbnail Generator [], |<!--AROS-->[http://sourceforge.net/projects/zunetools/files/ ZuneView], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=utility/shell Thumbnail Generator] |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Icon Editor |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=graphics/iconedit Archives], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=utility/workbench Icon Toolbox], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4-->[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&cat=graphics/iconedit IconEditor] |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->2D Pixel Art Animation |<!--AROS-->Lunapaint |<!--Amiga OS-->PPaint, AnimatED, Scala*, GoldDisk MovieSetter*, Walt Disney's Animation Studio*, ProDAD*, [https://github.com/historicalsource/DeluxePaint DeluxePaint src], Brilliance |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS-->[http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=3 Titler] |- |<!--Sub Menu-->2D SVG based MovieSetter type [https://github.com/Flare-Animate/Flare Flare Animate] |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS-->MovieSetter*, Fantavision* |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Morphing |<!--AROS-->[ GLMorph] |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->2D Cad (qcad->LibreCAD, etc.) |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS-->Xcad, MaxonCAD |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->3D Cad like FreeCad, BRL-CAD, OpenSCAD, AvoCADo, [ cadcraft], [https://github.com/tangency-labs/solidcraft solidcraft], [https://github.com/ingelibre/ingetrazo ingetrazo] etc. using dxf, obj (vertices), blend, |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS-->XCad3d*, DynaCADD*, [https://aminet.net/package/gfx/3d/Cycas178_EN Cycas]*, |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->3D Model Rendering of glft (json) gbl (png jpg), usdz (USD files with materials, textures, and animations), FBX Filmbox is a proprietary Autodesk format, |<!--AROS-->POV-Ray |<!--Amiga OS-->[http://www.discreetfx.com./amigaproducts.html CINEMA 4D]*, POV-Ray, [https://eab.abime.net/showthread.php?t=123609 Lightwave3D RTG]*, Real3D*, Caligari24*, Reflections/Monzoom*, [https://github.com/privatosan/RayStorm Raystorm src], Tornado 3D, [https://github.com/AlphaPixel/Eric-Graham-1987-Juggler-Raytracer-1.0 Eric-Graham-1987-Juggler-Raytracer-1.0] |<!--AmigaOS4-->Blender, POV-Ray, Yafray |<!--MorphOS-->Blender, POV-Ray, Yafray |- |<!--Sub Menu-->3D Format Converter [], [], |<!--AROS-->[https://archives.arosworld.org/?function=showfile&file=graphics/convert/ 3doc.i386-aros], [], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4-->[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=showfile&file=graphics/convert/ivcon.lha IVCon] |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Screen grabbing display |<!--AROS-->[ Screengrabber], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=utility/misc snapit], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=video/record screen recorder], [] |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Grab graphics music from apps [https://github.com/Malvineous/ripper6 ripper6], [], |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Manage metadata of images [https://github.com/exiv2/exiv2 exiv2], [ EXIF/IPTC/XMP metadata manipulation], [], |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu--> |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |} <nowiki>*</nowiki> Commercial product. [[#top|...to the top]] ==Office Application== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !width:30%;|Office !width:10%;|AROS (x86) !width:10%;|[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amiga_software Commodore-Amiga OS 3.1] (68k) !width:10%;|[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AmigaOS_4 Hyperion OS4] (PPC) !width:10%;|[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MorphOS MorphOS] (PPC) |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Office Suite |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS-->[ Softwood Final Office], [ Wordworth Office], [ Digita Office], [ The Works!], [ Europress Mini Office], [], [ Papyrus Office Demo], |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS-->[ Papyrus Office], |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Word-processing |<!--AROS-->[ WordCraft], [https://finalwriter.godaddysites.com/ Final Writer 7*], [https://www.arosworld.org/infusions/forum/viewthread.php?thread_id=1995&rowstart=20&pid=12668#post_12668 Slovo], [https://github.com/sodero/MUI-Vim/releases MUI-Vim], [https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=office/wordprocessing Cinnamon Writer], [], |<!--AmigaOS-->[ Softwood FinalCopy II*], Haage AmigaWriter*, Digita WordWorth*, Softwood FinalWriter*, Micro-Systems Excellence 3*, Arnor Protext, Rashumon, [ InterWord], [ KindWords], [WordPerfect], [ New Horizons Flow], [ CygnusEd Pro], [ Micro-systems Scribble], |<!--AmigaOS4-->AbiWord, [ CinnamonWriter], |<!--MorphOS-->[ Cinnamon Writer], [http://www.meta-morphos.org/viewtopic.php?topic=1246&forum=53 scriba], [http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/index.php Papyrus Office], |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Spreadsheets |<!--AROS-->[ GridCraft], [https://blog.alb42.de/programs/leu/ Leu], [https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=office/spreadsheet ], |<!--AmigaOS-->[https://aminet.net/package/biz/spread/ignition-src Ignition Src 1.3], [MaxiPlan 500 Plus], [OXXI Plan/IT v2.0 Speadsheet], [ Superplan], [ Creative Developments TurboCalc], [ ProCalc], [ InterSpread], [Digita DGCalc], [ Gold Disk Advantage], [ Micro-systems Analyze!] |<!--AmigaOS4-->Gnumeric, [https://ignition-amiga.sourceforge.net/ Ignition], |<!--MorphOS-->[ ignition], [http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php Papyrus Office], |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Presentations |<!--AROS-->[ DeckCraft], [http://www.hollywoood-mal.com/ Hollywood]*, |<!--Amiga OS-->[http://www.hollywoood-mal.com/ Hollywood]*, [https://github.com/evaneykelen/mediapoint-amiga MediaPoint C and asm], PointRider, Scala*, |<!--Amiga OS4-->[http://www.hollywoood-mal.com/ Hollywood]*, PointRider |<!--MorphOS-->[http://www.hollywoood-mal.com/ Hollywood]*, PointRider |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Databases |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=office/database BeeBase], |<!--Amiga OS-->Precision Superbase 4 Pro*, Arnor Prodata*, [https://sourceforge.net/projects/beebase/ BeeBase], Datastore, FinalData*, AmigaBase, Fiasco, Twist2*, [Digita DGBase], [], |<!--AmigaOS4-->BeeBase, SQLite, |<!--MorphOS-->[http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=6 BeeBase], |- |<!--Sub Menu-->PDF Viewing, editing and digital signatures |<!--AROS-->[https://github.com/tomaszstaniak/aros-foliopdf folio version of mupdf], [ PDFCraft], [http://sourceforge.net/projects/arospdf/ ArosPDF via splash xpdf], [https://github.com/wattoc/AROS-vpdf vpdf], |<!--Amiga OS-->APDF |<!--AmigaOS4-->AmiPDF |<!--MorphOS-->APDF, vPDF, |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Note Taking markdown support like Obsidian like, joplin, OneNote, EverNotes, xournalpp, etc |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS-->[http://aminet.net/package/text/edit/Kickdown c src with reaction gui], [], |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Study and analyse, collect, organize, annotate, cite, and share |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->PIM Personal Information Manager - Day Diary Planner Calendar App Filofax like |<!--AROS-->[ ], [ ], [ ], |<!--Amiga OS-->Digita Organiser*, On The Ball, Everyday Organiser, [ Contact Manager], |<!--AmigaOS4-->AOrganiser, |<!--MorphOS-->[http://polymere.free.fr/orga_en.html PolyOrga], |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Accounting |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=office/misc ETB], LoanCalc, [ ], [ ], [ ], |[ Digita Home Accounts2], Accountant, Small Business Accounts, Account Master, [ Amigabok], |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Project Management Research |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS-->SuperGantt, SuperPlan, |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Desktop |<!--AROS-->DOpus5, Wanderer, Scalos, Workbook, |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS-->[https://github.com/zapek/Ambient Ambient Src] |- |<!--Sub Menu-->System Wide Search |<!--AROS-->[https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=utility/filetool Finder], [], [], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->System Wide Dictionary - multilingual [http://sourceforge.net/projects/babiloo/ Babiloo], [http://code.google.com/p/stardict-3/ StarDict], |<!--AROS-->[ ], |<!--AmigaOS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->System wide Thesaurus - multi lingual |<!--AROS-->[ ], |Kuma K-Roget*, |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Sticky Desktop Notes (post it type) |<!--AROS-->[http://aminet.net/package/util/wb/amimemos.i386-aros AmiMemos], [https://aminet.net/package/util/wb/amimemos.src-aros AmiMemos Src], [], |<!--Amiga OS-->[http://aminet.net/package/util/wb/StickIt-2.00 StickIt v2], |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->DTP Desktop Publishing [ DesignCraft], |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=graphics/edit RNOPublisher], |<!--Amiga OS-->[http://pagestream.org/ Pagestream]*, Professional Pro Page*, Saxon Publisher, Pagesetter, PenPal, |<!--AmigaOS4-->[http://pagestream.org/ Pagestream]* |<!--MorphOS-->[http://pagestream.org/ Pagestream]* |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Printing |<!--AROS-->Postscript 3 laser printers, [https://github.com/bohunamiga/MintPRINT MintPRINT AirPrint IPP], [ Ghostscript], [], |<!--Amiga OS-->[https://github.com/boingball/MintPRINT MintPRINT IPP], [https://github.com/Andiweli/AmiAirprint AmiAirprint], [http://www.irseesoft.de/tp_what.htm TurboPrint]*, [ GutenPrint], [https://aminet.net/package/comm/tcp/NetPrinter NetPrinter LPR], [], [], |<!--AmigaOS4-->(some native drivers), |<!--MorphOS-->early TurboPrint included, [https://aminet.net/package/comm/tcp/NetPrinter NetPrinter LPR], |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Scanning |<!--AROS-->[ SCANdal], [], |<!--Amiga OS-->FxScan*, ScanQuix*, [https://github.com/boingball/MintSCAN MintSCAN], |<!--AmigaOS4-->SCANdal (Sane) |<!--MorphOS-->SCANdal |- |<!--Sub Menu-->OCR |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=graphics/convert gOCR] |<!--AmigaOS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS-->[http://morphos-files.net/categories/office/text Tesseract] |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Text Editing |<!--AROS-->Jano Editor (already installed as Editor), [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=development/edit EdiSyn], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=utility/text/edit Annotate], [https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=development/edit Vim], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=utility/text/edit FrexxEd] [https://github.com/vidarh/FrexxEd src], [ NoWinEd], |<!--Amiga OS-->[https://aminet.net/package/text/edit/TurboText20 TurboText20 ttx], Annotate, MicroGoldED/CubicIDE*, CygnusED*, Protext*, NoWinED, |<!--AmigaOS4-->Notepad, Annotate, CygnusED*, NoWinED, |<!--MorphOS-->MorphOS ED, NoWinED, GoldED/CubicIDE*, CygnusED*, Annotate, |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Office Fonts [http://sourceforge.net/projects/fontforge/files/fontforge-source/ Font Designer] |<!--AROS-->[ ], [ ], |<!--Amiga OS-->TypeSmith*, SaxonScript (GetFont Adobe Type 1), |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Drawing Vector |<!--AROS-->[ vectorcraft], [http://sourceforge.net/projects/amifig/ ZuneFIG previously AmiFIG], [https://github.com/serk118/designworks-aros designworks aros 64bit] |<!--Amiga OS-->Drawstudio*, ProVector*, ArtExpression*, Professional Draw*, AmiFIG, MetaView, [https://gitlab.com/amigasourcecodepreservation/designworks Design Works Src], [], |<!--AmigaOS4-->MindSpace, [http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&cat=graphics/edit amifig], |<!--MorphOS-->SteamDraw, [http://aminet.net/package/gfx/edit/amifig amiFIG], |- |<!--Sub Menu-->video conferencing (jitsi) |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->source code hosting |<!--AROS-->Gitlab, |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Remote Desktop (server) |<!--AROS-->[http://sourceforge.net/projects/zunetools/files/VNC_Server ArosVNCServer], |<!--Amiga OS-->[http://s.guillard.free.fr/AmiVNC/AmiVNC.htm AmiVNC], [http://dspach.free.fr/amiga/avnc/index.html AVNC] |<!--AmigaOS4-->[http://s.guillard.free.fr/AmiVNC/AmiVNC.htm AmiVNC] |MorphVNC, vncserver |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Remote Desktop (client) login and connect to another machine |<!--AROS-->[https://sourceforge.net/projects/zunetools/files/VNC_Client/ ArosVNC], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=network/misc rdesktop], |<!--Amiga OS-->[http://twinvnc.free.fr/index.php?menu=01&lang=eng TwinVNC], [http://dspach.free.fr/amiga/vva/index.html VVA], [http://www.hd-zone.com/ RDesktop] |<!--AmigaOS4-->[http://twinvnc.free.fr/index.php?menu=01&lang=eng TwinVNC], [http://www.hd-zone.com/ RDesktop] |[http://twinvnc.free.fr/index.php?menu=01&lang=eng TwinVNC], [http://www.hd-zone.com/ RDesktop] |- |<!--Sub Menu-->notifications |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS-->Ranchero |<!--AmigaOS4-->Ringhio |<!--MorphOS-->MagicBeacon |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Biometric facial logins and fingerprint security features |<!--AROS-->Bebbossh, |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Fido U2F (Universal 2nd Factor) and later FIDO2 (W3C WebAuthn with CTAP2) key authorization like Yubico YubiKey, etc |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu--> |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |} <nowiki>*</nowiki> Commercial product. [[#top|...to the top]] ==Audio== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !width:30%;|Audio !width:10%;|AROS(x86) !width:10%;|Commodore-Amiga OS 3.1(68k) !width:10%;|Hyperion OS4(PPC) !width:10%;|MorphOS(PPC) |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Playing playback Audio like MP3, [https://github.com/chrg127/gmplayer NSF], [https://github.com/kode54/lazyusf miniusf .usflib] [https://gitlab.com/kode54/psflib with pfslib], [], [], etc |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=video/play Mplayer], [ HarmonyPlayer hp], [http://www.a500.org/downloads/audio/index.xhtml playcdda] CDs, [ WildMidi Player], [https://bszili.morphos.me/ UADE mod player], [], [ RNOTunes], [ mp3Player], [], |<!--Amiga OS-->AmiNetRadio, AmigaAmp, playOGG, [https://codeberg.org/tygre/amimodradio amimodradio] |<!--AmigaOS4-->TuneNet, SimplePlay, AmigaAmp, TKPlayer |AmiNetRadio, Mplayer, Kaya, AmigaAmp |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Editing Audio |<!--AROS-->[ Audio Evolution 4] |<!--Amiga OS-->[https://sourceforge.net/projects/hd-rec/ HD-Rec Src], [http://www.sonicpulse.de/eng/news.html SoundFX], [ Samplitude], |<!--AmigaOS4-->[https://sourceforge.net/projects/hd-rec/ HD-Rec], AmiSoundED, [http://os4depot.net/?function=showfile&file=audio/record/audioevolution4.lha Audio Evolution 4] |[http://www.hd-rec.de/HD-Rec/index.php?site=home HD-Rec], |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Editing Tracker Music |<!--AROS-->[https://github.com/hitchhikr/protrekkr Protrekkr], [ Schism Tracker], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=audio/tracker MilkyTracker], [http://www.hivelytracker.com/ HivelyTracker], [ Radium in AROS already], [http://www.a500.org/downloads/development/index.xhtml libMikMod], |<!--Amiga OS-->MilkyTracker, HivelyTracker, DigiBooster, Octamed SoundStudio, [https://github.com/elindstrom/soundtracker soundtracker], |<!--AmigaOS4-->MilkyTracker, HivelyTracker, GoatTracker |MilkyTracker, GoatTracker, DigiBooster, |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Editing Music [], [https://github.com/kmatheussen/camd CAMD] and/or staves and musical notes on manuscript [https://github.com/ratchov/midish midish] midi sequencer |<!--AROS-->[http://bnp.hansfaust.de/ Bars and Pipes], [], [], |<!--Amiga OS-->[http://bnp.hansfaust.de/ Bars'n'Pipes], MusicX* David "Talin" Joiner & Craig Weeks (for Notator-X), Deluxe Music Construction Set DMCS2*, [https://github.com/timoinutilis/midi-sequencer-amigaos Horny c Src] [https://github.com/kas1e/midi-sequencer-amigaos/tree/master/HornyGCC HornyGCC OS4 src] [https://github.com/capehill/midi-sequencer-amigaos Horny OS4 fork src] [https://www.amigans.net/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?start=0&topic_id=8143&order=ASC&status=&mode=0 OS4 thread], HD-Rec, [https://aminet.net/package/mus/midi/dominatorV1_51 Dominator], [https://github.com/royaltm/Amiga-midiIn Amiga-midiIn], [ Aegis Sonix 2.0] |<!--AmigaOS4-->[https://sourceforge.net/p/hd-rec/code/HEAD/tree/ HD-Rec Src], Rockbeat, [http://bnp.hansfaust.de/download.html Bars'n'Pipes], [https://github.com/gooofy/freeaction Horny OS4 src fork], Audio Evolution 4, |<!--MorphOS-->Bars'n'Pipes, |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Sound Sampling |<!--AROS-->[ Advanced AHI Recorder all], [https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=audio/record Audio Evolution 4], [http://www.imica.net/SitePortalPage.aspx?siteid=1&did=162 Quick Record], [https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=audio/misc SOX to get AIFF 16bit files], [https://github.com/aros-development-team/AROS/tree/master/workbench/tools/AHIRecord AHIRecord], |<!--Amiga OS-->[https://aminet.net/package/mus/edit/AudioEvolution3_src Audio Evolution 3 c src], [ Samplitude]*, Audiomaster IV*, |<!--AmigaOS4-->[https://github.com/timoinutilis/phonolith-amigaos phonolith c src], HD-Rec, Audio Evolution 4, |<!--MorphOS-->[https://sourceforge.net/p/hd-rec/code/HEAD/tree/ HD-Rec Src], Audio Evolution 4, |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Audio Processing like easyeffects so having limiter, compressor, convolver, equalizer and auto volume and many other plugins |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Live Looping or Audio Misc - Groovebox like |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->CD/DVD burn |<!--AROS-->[https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=utility IsoTools], [https://code.google.com/p/amiga-fryingpan/ FryingPan], |<!--Amiga OS-->FryingPan, [ MakeCD], |<!--AmigaOS4-->FryingPan, AmiDVD, |<!--MorphOS-->[http://www.amiga.org/forums/printthread.php?t=58736 FryingPan], Jalopeano, |- |<!--Sub Menu-->CD/DVD audio rip |<!--AROS-->Lame, [http://www.imica.net/SitePortalPage.aspx?siteid=1&cfid=0&did=167 Quick CDrip], |<!--Amiga OS-->Lame, |<!--AmigaOS4-->Lame, |<!--MorphOS-->Lame, |- |<!--Sub Menu-->MP3 v1 and v2 Tagger |<!--AROS-->id3ren (v1), [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=audio/edit mp3info], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> | |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Audio Convert |<!--AROS-->[https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=audio/misc Sox], [], |<!--Amiga OS-->[http://aminet.net/package/mus/misc/SoundBox SoundBox], [http://aminet.net/package/mus/misc/SoundBoxKey SoundBox Key], [http://aminet.net/package/mus/edit/SampleE SampleE], sox |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->DJ mixing jamming |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS-->[https://github.com/djh0ffman/PT1210 Hoffman PT1210 DJ tracker], [], |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Radio Automation Software [http://www.rivendellaudio.org/ Rivendell], [http://code.campware.org/projects/livesupport/report/3 Campware LiveSupport], [http://www.sourcefabric.org/en/airtime/ SourceFabric AirTime], [http://www.ohloh.net/p/mediabox404 MediaBox404], |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Speakers Audio Sonos Mains AC networked wired controlled *2005 ZP100 with ZP80 *2008 Zoneplayer ZP120 (multi-room wireless amp) ZP90 receiver only with CR100 controller, *2009 ZonePlayer S5, *2010 BR100 wireless Bridge (no support), *2011 Play:3 *2013 Bridge (no support), Play:1, *2016 Arc, Play:1, *Beam (Gen 2), Playbar, Ray, Era 100, Era 300, Roam, Move 2, *Sub (Gen 3), Sub Mini, Five, Amp S2 |<!--AROS-->SonosController |<!--Amiga OS-->SonosController |<!--AmigaOS4-->SonosController |<!--MorphOS-->SonosController |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Smart Speakers |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu--> |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |} <nowiki>*</nowiki> Commercial product. [[#top|...to the top]] ==Video Creativity and Production== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !width:30%;|Video !width:10%;|AROS(x86) !width:10%;|Commodore-Amiga OS 3.1(68k) !width:10%;|Hyperion OS4(PPC) !width:10%;|MorphOS(PPC) |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Playing Video |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=video/play Mplayer], [ VAMP], [http://www.a500.org/downloads/video/index.xhtml CDXL player], [http://www.a500.org/downloads/video/index.xhtml IffAnimPlay], [], |<!--Amiga OS-->Frogger*, AMP2, MPlayer, RiVA*, MooViD*, |<!--AmigaOS4-->DvPlayer, MPlayer |<!--MorphOS-->MPlayer, Frogger, AMP2, VLC |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Streaming Video and game streaming like OBS studio, Parsec, [https://github.com/lizardbyte/sunshine sunshine], [https://github.com/moonlight-stream/moonlight-qt moonlight], etc |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Playing DVD |<!--AROS-->[http://a-mc.biz/ AMC]*, Mplayer |<!--Amiga OS-->AMP2, Frogger |<!--AmigaOS4-->[http://a-mc.biz/ AMC]*, DvPlayer*, AMP2, |<!--MorphOS-->Mplayer |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Screen Recording |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=video/record Screenrecorder], [ ], [ ], [ ], [ ], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS-->Screenrecorder, |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Create Edit Individual Video [https://github.com/storytold/filmcraft filmcraft] |<!--AROS-->[ Mencoder], [ Quick Videos], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=graphics/edit AVIbuild], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=graphics/misc FrameBuild], FFMPEG, |<!--Amiga OS-->[ MainConcept Mainactor Broadcast*], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video_Toaster Video Toaster*] with [https://discreetfx.com/openvideotoaster.html some c src], MacroSystem MovieShop 4.3*, proDAD Adorage*, [ IOSpirit VHI studio]*, [Gold Disk ShowMaker], [], |<!--AmigaOS4-->FFMpeg/GUI |<!--MorphOS-->Blender, Mencoder, FFmpeg |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Subtitle editor |<!--AROS-->[https://aminet.net/package/text/edit/Slarti_Arosx86ABIv0 Slarti_Arosx86ABIv0], [], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu--> |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->IP-based video production workflows with High Dynamic Range (HDR), 10-bit color collaborative NDI, |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Blogging like Lemmy or kbin |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->VR face recognition for Vtubers |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->VR chatting Live2D models with Cubism type editor or [https://github.com/AyagamiDev/ayagami ayagami] like with zipped moc3 with model metadata (model3, cdi3) <pre> Model data (cmo3) Basic motions (can3) Background image (png) Set of files for embedding (runtime folder) • Model data (moc3) • Motion data (motion3.json) • Model settings file (model3.json) • Physics settings file (physics3.json) • Display auxiliary file (cdi3.json) </pre> |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->VR chatting chatters .VRML models - standardized 3D file format for VR avatars |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->V-tubers V-tubing like Vseeface with Openseeface tracker or Vpuppr (virtual puppet project) for online live 2d / 3d art models rigging rigged LIV |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu--> |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |} <nowiki>*</nowiki> Commercial product. [[#top|...to the top]] ==Misc Application== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !width:30%;|Misc Application !width:10%;|AROS(x86) !width:10%;|Commodore-Amiga OS 3.1 (68k) !width:10%;|Hyperion OS4(PPC) !width:10%;|MorphOS(PPC) |- |<!--Sub Menu-->File Management |<!--AROS-->DOpus4, [https://github.com/BlitterStudio/dopus5 DOpus Magellan aka DOpus 5], [ Scalos], [ FileMaster], |<!--Amiga OS-->DOpus2, DOpus 4, [https://github.com/BlitterStudio/dopus5 Dopus5 Magellan], ClassAction, FileMaster, DirWork 2*, [https://github.com/RudolphRiedel/DiskMaster2 DiskMaster2 src], |<!--AmigaOS4-->DOpus4, [https://github.com/BlitterStudio/dopus5 Dopus5 Magellan], Filer, AmiDisk |<!--MorphOS-->DOpus4, [https://github.com/BlitterStudio/dopus5 Dopus5 Magellan], |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Package Application Installer |<!--AROS-->[https://github.com/tomaszstaniak?tab=repositories Pkg manager], [https://aros-pkg.azurewebsites.net/search?arch=x86_64 Pkg], [ InstallerNG], |<!--Amiga OS-->InstallerNG, Grunch, |<!--AmigaOS4-->Jack |<!--MorphOS-->Jack |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Compression archiver [https://github.com/FS-make-simple/paq9a paq9a], [], |<!--AROS-->XAD system is a toolkit designed for handling various file and disk archiver |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4-->[https://aminet.net/package/util/pack/decrunchmania_os4 Crunchmania CrM2 depacker], |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Binary Hexadecimal Editor |<!--AROS-->[https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=development/edit Zaphod], [], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Filesystem Partition Editor formatter Disk Management |<!--AROS-->[https://www.arosworld.org/infusions/forum/viewthread.php?thread_id=1440&highlight=partition&pid=8821#post_8821 QuickPart], [ HDToolBox] |<!--Amiga OS-->[https://github.com/stefanskotte/hdpart hdpart], [https://github.com/ChuckyGang/AmiPart AmiPart], |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Filesystem Repair and backups |<!--AROS-->ArSFSDoctor, |<!--Amiga OS-->[https://aminet.net/package/disk/bakup/quarterback_src Quarterback Tools C and asm src], [ ], [ ], [ ], |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->System Disk check, integrity and history [https://github.com/smartmontools/smartmontools smart tools], [], |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS-->[], |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->File Verification / Repair |<!--AROS-->[https://arosarchives.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&cat=utility md5sum], [https://arosarchives.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&cat=utility/filetool asum], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=utility/filetool workpar2] (PAR2), [http://zakalwe.fi/~shd/foss/cksfv/files/ compile cksfv from website], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS-->Par2, |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Multiple File renaming |<!--AROS-->DOpus 4 or 5, |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Anti Virus |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS-->VChecker, |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Random Wallpaper Desktop changer [ DOpus5], [ Scalos], |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Alarm Clock, Timer, Stopwatch, Countdown |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=utility/workbench DClock], [http://aminet.net/util/time/AlarmClockAROS.lha AlarmClock], [], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Edge snap window tool |<!--AROS-->[https://github.com/kaffeine1/edgesnap edgesnap] |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu--> |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |} ==Misc Application 2== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !width:30%;|Misc Application !width:10%;|AROS(x86) !width:10%;|Commodore-Amiga OS 3.1(68k) !width:10%;|Hyperion OS4(PPC) !width:10%;|MorphOS(PPC) |- |<!--Sub Menu-->C/C++ IDE Integrated Development |<!--AROS-->[https://sourceforge.net/projects/aidea/ AIDEa], [ Murks], [], |<!--Amiga OS-->[http://devplex.awardspace.biz/cubic/index.html Cubic IDE]*, [ StormC], [https://github.com/jens-maus/amide amide], [], |<!--AmigaOS4-->CodeBench , [https://gitlab.com/boemann/codecraft CodeCraft], |<!--MorphOS-->[http://devplex.awardspace.biz/cubic/index.html Cubic IDE]*, |- |<!--Sub Menu-->C/C++ Text Editors |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=utility/text/edit FrexxEd], [https://github.com/vidarh/FrexxEd FrexxEd src], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=utility/text/edit Annotate] with [https://www.onyxsoft.se/files/annotate_src.lha src], |<!--Amiga OS-->[ Protext], [ CED], [], |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS-->[https://www.onyxsoft.se/annotate.html Annotate], |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Repository |<!--AROS-->[ Git] |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4-->Git |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->BASIC Computer Language |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=development/language Basic4SDL], [ Ace Basic], [ X-AMOS], [SDLBasic], [ Alvyn], |<!--Amiga OS-->[http://www.amiforce.de/main.php Amiblitz 3] with [https://github.com/AmiBlitz/AmiBlitz3 Asm src], [http://amos.condor.serverpro3.com/AmosProManual/contents/c1.html Amos Pro] with [https://github.com/AmiDARK/AmosProfessionalUnity-Official-Releases Asm src], [http://aminet.net/package/dev/basic/ace24dist ACE Basic], [https://github.com/gooofy/aqb aqb], [], |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS-->sdlBasic |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Computer Languages Translation [https://tetracorp.github.io/guide/reverse-engineering-amiga.html], [https://amigasourcecodepreservation.gitlab.io/amiga-assembler-insider-guide/], [https://github.com/kermitfrog/Amiga-Re-Engineering Rust, Ghidra and FS-UAE], |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS-->[https://bitbucket.org/rhinoid/convert68000toc/src/main/ convert m68k seka asm-one to c], |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Gui Creators |<!--AROS-->[https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=development/guitool MuiBuilder], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS-->[ MuiBuilder], |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Catalog .cd .ct Custom App Language Editors |<!--AROS-->FlexCat, [https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=utility Flexcat GUI], [], |<!--Amiga OS-->[http://www.geit.de/deu_simplecat.html SimpleCat], FlexCat |<!--AmigaOS4-->[http://aminet.net/package/dev/misc/simplecat SimpleCat], FlexCat |<!--MorphOS-->[http://www.geit.de/deu_simplecat.html SimpleCat], FlexCat |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Cross Development |<!--AROS-->[], [], |<!--Amiga OS-->[https://github.com/geekychris/amiga_mcp amiga_mcp], [https://github.com/mbergmann-sh/AmigaED4-IDE AmigaED4-IDE], [https://lemonspawn.com/turbo-rascal-syntax-error-expected-but-begin/ Turbo Rascal], [], |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu--> |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |} <nowiki>*</nowiki> Commercial product. ==Misc Application 3== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !width:30%;|Misc Application !width:10%;|AROS(x86) !width:10%;|Commodore-Amiga OS 3.1(68k) !width:10%;|Hyperion OS4(PPC) !width:10%;|MorphOS(PPC) |- |<!--Sub Menu-->System |<!--AROS-->[ SysExplorer], [ SysMon], [ Scout], [], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Terminals Shells CLIs |<!--AROS-->[https://github.com/tomaszstaniak/limpet limpet], [], [], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->OSK On Screen Keyboard |<!--AROS-->[], |<!--Amiga OS-->[https://aminet.net/util/wb/OSK.lha OSK] |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Screen Magnifier Magnifying Glass Magnification |<!--AROS-->[http://www.onyxsoft.se/files/zoomit.lha ZoomIT], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Comic Book CBR CBZ format reader viewer |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=graphics/viewer comics], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=graphics/viewer comicon], [], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Ebook Reader |<!--AROS-->[https://blog.alb42.de/programs/#legadon Legadon EPUB],[] |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Ebook Converter |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Text to Speech tts [https://github.com/JonathanFly/bark-installer Bark], [], |<!--AROS-->[ Echo " " >SPEAK:A1 inbuilt], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=audio/misc flite], |<!--Amiga OS-->[http://www.text2speech.com translator], [https://github.com/sidick/narrator.wyoming narrator.wyoming], [], |<!--AmigaOS4-->[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=search&tool=simple FLite] |<!--MorphOS-->[http://se.aminet.net/pub/aminet/mus/misc/ FLite] |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Speech Voice Recognition Dictation - [http://sourceforge.net/projects/cmusphinx/files/ CMU Sphinx], [http://julius.sourceforge.jp/en_index.php?q=en/index.html Julius], [http://www.isip.piconepress.com/projects/speech/index.html ISIP], |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Speech Voice Changer [], [], [], [], |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Screen Display Blanker screensaver |<!--AROS-->Blanker Commodity (built in), [https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=graphics/screenblanker GarshneBlanker], [http://sourceforge.net/projects/gblanker/ GBlanker Src], [], |<!--Amiga OS-->MultiCX, |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS-->ModernArt Blanker, |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Fortune Cookie Quotes Sayings |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=utility/misc AFortune], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu--> |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu--> |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |} ==Misc Application 4== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !width:30%;|Misc Application !width:10%;|AROS(x86) !width:10%;|Commodore-Amiga OS 3.1(68k) !width:10%;|Hyperion OS4(PPC) !width:10%;|MorphOS(PPC) |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Fractals mandelbrot, etc |<!--AROS-->[https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=graphics/misc], |<!--Amiga OS-->ZoneXplorer, |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Landscape Rendering |<!--AROS-->[https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=graphics/raytrace WCS World Construction Set], |<!--Amiga OS-->[ Vista Pro], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Construction_Set World Construction Set] |<!--AmigaOS4-->[ WCS World Construction Set], |<!--MorphOS-->[ WCS World Construction Set], |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Astronomy [https://sourceforge.net/projects/skychart/ skychart freepascal], [], [], |<!--AROS-->[ Digital Almanac (ABIv0 only)], |<!--Amiga OS-->[http://aminet.net/search?query=planetarium Aminet search], [http://aminet.net/misc/sci/DA3V56ISO.zip Digital Almanac], [https://aminet.net/package/misc/sci/da3sourceV58 Src c V58], [ Galileo renamed to Distant Suns]*, [], |<!--AmigaOS4-->[http://sourceforge.net/projects/digital-almanac/ Digital Almanac], Distant Suns*, [http://www.digitaluniverse.org.uk/ Digital Universe]*, |<!--MorphOS-->[http://www.aminet.net/misc/sci/da3.lha Digital Almanac], [http://www.aminet.net/package/misc/sci/da3-mos-src Src c V56], |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Astrology [https://sourceforge.net/projects/skylendar/ skylendar], [https://github.com/CruiserOne/Astrolog Astrolog], [https://www.astrolog.org/astrolog/astfile.htm Astrology alt site], [https://saravali.github.io/download.html Maitreya], [https://github.com/alamahant/Asteria Asteria], |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Genealogy History Family Tree Ancestry Records (FreeBMD, FreeREG, and FreeCEN file formats or GEDCOM GenTree) |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> [ Origins], [ Your Family Tree], [ ], [ ], [ ], |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Languages |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS-->Fun School, |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Mathematics ([http://www-fourier.ujf-grenoble.fr/~parisse/install_en.html Xcas], etc.), |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=utility/scientific mathX] |<!--Amiga OS-->Maple V, mathX, Fun School, GCSE Maths, [ ], [ ], [ ], |<!--AmigaOS4-->Yacas |<!--MorphOS-->Yacas |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Maths Graph Function Plotting |<!--AROS-->[https://blog.alb42.de/programs/#MUIPlot MUIPlot], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->App Utility Launcher Dock toolbar |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=utility/docky BoingBar], [], |<!--Amiga OS-->[https://github.com/adkennan/DockBot Dockbot], |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->3D Printer [https://github.com/OrcaSlicer/OrcaSlicer OrcaSlicer] |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->CNC control with laser and vinyl cutting |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->PCB design |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS-->[ ], [ ], [ ], |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Digital Signage |<!--AROS-->Hollywood, Hollywood Designer |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->HAM radio, amateur radio, packet radio, [], [], [], [https://cemaxecuter.com/ Dragon OS], [https://github.com/km4ack/73Linux with 73 link update], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YAL5KNePRSg video for], |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS-->[https://github.com/punktniklas/NiKom NiKom], [https://www.amigarealm.com/amiga/amicomms/comm4.htm Comm4], [https://www.amigarealm.com/archives/comms/aarug/ TNC Terminal Node Controller with packets over serial connections on Yaesu or Woxum handheld], [https://aminet.net/comm/misc AmiCom], [ with 7Plus file encoder/decoder], [ mksstv], [ RTTYam], |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->modern smart home network like Home Assistant Automation Yellow, Green, Mosquitto, EMQX, IFTTT (aka IF This Then That), |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS-->[https://github.com/evil4dmin/ami2ha HA], [https://github.com/sidick/midge mtqq.lib], [https://aminet.net/package/comm/tcp/AmiHomeassist-0.7 AmiHomeassist], |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Teaching classroom learning training [https://github.com/moodle/moodle moodle], [], |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu--> |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu--> |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |} <nowiki>*</nowiki> Commercial product. ==Games & Emulation== Some emulators/games require OpenGL to function and to adjust ahi prefs channels, frequency and unit0 and unit1 and [http://aros.sourceforge.net/documentation/users/shell/changetaskpri.php changetaskpri -1] Rom patching https://www.marcrobledo.com/RomPatcher.js/ https://www.romhacking.net/patch/ (ips, ups, bps, etc) and this other site supports the latter formats https://hack64.net/tools/patcher.php Free public domain roms for use with emulators can be found [http://www.pdroms.de/ here] as most of the rest are covered by copyright rules. If you like to read about old games see [http://retrogamingtimes.com/ here] and [http://www.armchairarcade.com/neo/ here] and a [http://www.vintagecomputing.com/ blog] about old computers. Possibly some of the [http://www.answers.com/topic/list-of-best-selling-computer-and-video-games best selling] of all time. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_computer_system_emulators Wiki] with emulated systems list. [https://archive.gamehistory.org/ Archive of VGHF], [https://library.gamehistory.org/ Video Game History Foundation Library search] {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !width:10%;|Games [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/computer Emulation] !width:10%;|AROS(x86) !width:10%;|AmigaOS3(68k) !width:10%;|AmigaOS4(PPC) !width:10%;|MorphOS(PPC) |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation Amstrad CPC |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/computer], [ Caprice32 (OpenGL & pure SDL)], [ Arnold], [https://retroshowcase.gr/cpcbox-master/], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4-->[http://os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/computer] |<!--MorphOS-->[http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=2], |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation Apple2 and 2GS |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/computer], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation Arcade |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/gamesystem Mame], [ SI Emu (ABIv0 only)], |<!--Amiga OS-->Mame, |<!--AmigaOS4-->[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/gamesystem xmame], amiarcadia, |<!--MorphOS-->[http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=2 Mame], |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation Atari 2600 [], [], |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/gamesystem Stella], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation Atari 5200 [https://github.com/wavemotion-dave/A5200DS A5200DS], [], |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation Atari 7800 |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation Atari 400 800 130XL [https://github.com/wavemotion-dave/A8DS A8DS], [], |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/computer Atari800], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation Atari Lynx |<!--AROS-->[http://myfreefilehosting.com/f/6366e11bdf_1.93MB Handy (ABIv0 only)], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation Atari Jaguar |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation Bandai Wonderswan |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation BBC Micro and Acorn Electron [http://beehttps://bem-unix.bbcmicro.com/download.html BeebEm], [http://b-em.bbcmicro.com/ B-Em], [http://elkulator.acornelectron.co.uk/ Elkulator], [http://electrem.emuunlim.com/ ElectrEm], |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation Dragon 32 and Tandy CoCo [http://www.6809.org.uk/xroar/ xroar], [], |<!--AROS-->[], [], [], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation Commodore C16 Plus4 |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation Commodore C64 |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/computer Vice (ABIv0 only)], [], |<!--Amiga OS-->Frodo, |<!--AmigaOS4-->[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/gamesystem viceplus], |<!--MorphOS-->Vice, |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation Commodore Amiga |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/computer Janus UAE], Emumiga, |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4-->[http://os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/computer UAE], |<!--MorphOS-->[http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=2 UAE], |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation Japanese MSX MSX2 |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation Mattel Intelivision |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation Mattel Colecovision and Adam |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation Milton Bradley (MB) Vectrex [ Vectrex OpenGL], |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation PICO8 Pico-8 fantasy video game console [https://github.com/egordorichev/pemsa-sdl/ pemsa-sdl], [https://github.com/jtothebell/fake-08 fake-08], [https://github.com/Epicpkmn11/fake-08/tree/wip fake-08 fork], |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation Nintendo Gameboy |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/gamesystem vba no sound], [], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4-->[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/gamesystem vba] |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation Nintendo NES |<!--AROS-->[ EmiNES], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/gamesystem Fceu], [https://github.com/takahirox/nes-js?tab=readme-ov-file nes-js], [https://github.com/bfirsh/jsnes jsnes], [https://github.com/angelo-wf/NesJs NesJs], |<!--Amiga OS-->AmiNES, [http://www.dridus.com/~nyef/darcnes/ darcNES], |<!--AmigaOS4-->[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/gamesystem amines] |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation Nintendo SNES |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/gamesystem Zsnes], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4-->[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/gamesystem warpsnes] |<!--MorphOS-->[http://fabportnawak.free.fr/snes/ Snes9x], |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation Nintendo N64 *HLE and plugins [ mupen64], [https://github.com/ares-emulator/ares ares], [https://github.com/N64Recomp/N64Recomp N64Recomp], [https://github.com/rt64/rt64 rt64], [https://github.com/simple64/simple64 Simple64], *LLE [], |<!--AROS-->[http://code.google.com/p/mupen64plus/ Mupen64+], |<!--Amiga OS-->[http://code.google.com/p/mupen64plus/ Mupen64+], [http://aminet.net/package/misc/emu/tr-981125_src TR64], |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->[ Nintendo Gamecube Wii] |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->[ Nintendo Wii U] |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->[https://github.com/yuzu-emu Nintendo Switch] |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation NEC PC Engine |<!--AROS-->[], [], [https://github.com/yhzmr442/jspce js-pce], |[http://www.hugo.fr.fm/ Hugo], [http://mednafen.sourceforge.net/ Mednafen], |<!--AmigaOS4-->[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/gamesystem tgemu] |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation Sega Master System (SMS) |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/gamesystem Dega], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/gamesystem sms], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4-->[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/gamesystem osmose] |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation Sega Genesis/Megadrive |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/gamesystem gp no sound], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/gamesystem DGen], |<!--Amiga OS-->[http://code.google.com/p/genplus-gx/ Genplus], |<!--AmigaOS4-->[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/gamesystem genesisplus] |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation Sega Saturn *HLE [https://mednafen.github.io/ mednafen], [http://yabause.org/ yabause], [], *LLE [], [], |<!--AROS-->? |<!--Amiga OS-->[http://yabause.org/ Yabause], |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation Sega Dreamcast *HLE [https://github.com/flyinghead/flycast flycast], [https://code.google.com/archive/p/nulldc/downloads NullDC], *LLE [], [], |<!--AROS-->? |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation Sinclair ZX80 and ZX81 |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/computer], [], [], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation Sinclair Spectrum |[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/computer Fuse (crackly sound)], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/computer SimCoupe], [ FBZX slow], [https://jsspeccy.zxdemo.org/ jsspeccy], [http://torinak.com/qaop/games qaop], |<!--Amiga OS-->[http://www.zophar.net/sinclair.html Speculator], [http://www.worldofspectrum.org/x128/index.html X128], |<!--AmigaOS4-->[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/computer] |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation Sinclair QL |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/computer], [], |<!--Amiga OS-->[http://aminet.net/package/misc/emu/QDOS4amiga1 QDOS4amiga] |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation SNK NeoGeo Pocket |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/gamesystem], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4-->[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/gamesystem gngeo], NeoPop, |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation Sony PlayStation |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/gamesystem FPSE], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4-->[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/gamesystem FPSE] |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->[ Sony PS2] |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->[ Sony PS3] |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->[https://vita3k.org/ Sony Vita] |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->[https://github.com/shadps4-emu/shadPS4 PS4] |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tangerine_Computer_Systems Tangerine] Oric and Atmos |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/computer Oricutron] |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4-->[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/gamesystem Oricutron] |<!--MorphOS-->[http://aminet.net/package/misc/emu/oricutron Oricutron] |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation TI 99/4 99/4A [https://github.com/wavemotion-dave/DS994a DS994a], [], [https://js99er.net/#/ js99er], [], |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=emulation/computer], |<!--Amiga OS-->[http://aminet.net/package/misc/emu/TI4Amiga TI4Amiga], [http://aminet.net/package/misc/emu/TI4Amiga_src TI4Amiga src in c], |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation HP 38G 40GS 48 49G/50G Graphing Calculators |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Emulation TI 58 83 84 85 86 - 89 92 Graphing Calculators |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games emulation Ms-Dos Dosbox type |<!--AROS-->[https://github.com/tomaszstaniak/aros-boxerapp Boxer] |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu--> |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu--> |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |} {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !width:10%;|Games [https://www.rockpapershotgun.com/ General] !width:10%;|AROS(x86) !width:10%;|AmigaOS3(68k) !width:10%;|AmigaOS4(PPC) !width:10%;|MorphOS(PPC) |- style="background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Games [https://www.trackawesomelist.com/michelpereira/awesome-open-source-games/ Open Source and others] || AROS || Amiga OS || Amiga OS4 || Morphos |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Action like [https://github.com/opentomb/OpenTomb opentomb], [https://github.com/LostArtefacts/TRX TRX formerly Tomb1Main], [https://github.com/TombEngine TombEngine], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=game/action Thrust], [https://github.com/fragglet/sdl-sopwith sdl sopwith], |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=game/action], [https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=game/action BOH], [], |<!--Amiga OS-->[https://github.com/BSzili/OpenLara/tree/amiga/src source of openlara SDL2], |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Adventure like [http://dotg.sourceforge.net/ DMJ], [https://github.com/kromenak/gengine Gabriel Knight 3], [http://www.sarien.net/ Sierra Sarien], [https://github.com/klembot/twinejs twine js], [https://github.com/QSPFoundation/qspgui Quest Soft Player QSP], [], |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=game/adventure dmagnetic], [https://archives.arosworld.org/?function=browse&cat=emulation/misc ScummVM], [https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=game/roleplaying frotz infocom], [], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Board like [https://github.com/aperture-software/colditz-escape escape from colditz], [], |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=game/board], [http://amigan.1emu.net/releases Africa] |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Cards |<!--AROS-->[https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=game/card], [https://www.arosworld.org/infusions/forum/viewthread.php?thread_id=1443&rowstart=180&pid=12934#post_12934 Balatro], |<!--AmigaOS-->[http://home.arcor.de/amigasolitaire/e/welcome.html Reko], [https://github.com/samskivert/beschei-en beschei Src], |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Misc [https://github.com/michelpereira/awesome-open-source-games Awesome open], [https://github.com/bobeff/open-source-games General Open Source], [https://github.com/SAT-R/sa2 Sonic Advance 2], [https://github.com/velorek1/cwordle Wordle type], |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=game/misc], [], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games FPS like [https://aminet.net/package/game/shoot/D1X_Rebirth_AGA Descent D1X src], [https://github.com/DescentDevelopers/Descent3 Descent 3], [https://github.com/Fewnity/Counter-Strike-Nintendo-DS Counter-Strike-Nintendo-DS], [https://github.com/Aleph-One-Marathon/alephone Bungie Marathon 1994], [https://zdoom.org/downloads UzDoom opengl 3.3], [https://github.com/ZDoom/gzdoom gzdoom opengl 3+], [https://zdoom.org/downloads LZDoom opengl 2.1], [https://github.com/OpenXRay/xray-16 S.T.A.L.K.E.R Xray], [https://staniks.github.io/articles/serious-engine-networking-analysis/ Serious Sam] [https://github.com/Croteam-official/Serious-Engine Serious Engine 1] |<!--AROS-->Doom, Quake, [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=game/fps Quake 3 Arena (OpenGL)], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=game/fps Cube (OpenGL)], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=game/fps Assault Cube (OpenGL)], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=game/fps Cube 2 Sauerbraten (OpenGL)], [http://fodquake.net/test/ FodQuake QuakeWorld], [https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=game/fps Duke Nukem 3D], [https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=game/fps Darkplaces Nexuiz Xonotic], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=game/fps Doom 3 SDL (OpenGL)], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=game/fps Hexenworld and Hexen 2], [https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=game/fps Aliens vs Predator Gold 2000 avp (openGL)], [https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=game/fps Odamex (openGL doom)], [https://archives.arosworld.org/?function=showfile&file=game/fps/ zgloom], [], [https://archives.arosworld.org/?function=showfile&file=game/fps/ ab3dhd], [], |<!--Amiga OS-->Doom, Quake, AB3D, Fears, Breathless, Gloom, |<!--AmigaOS4-->Doom, Quake, |<!--MorphOS-->[http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=12 Doom], Quake, Quake 3 Arena, |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games MMORG like |<!--AROS-->[ Eternal Lands (OpenGL)], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Platform like |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=game/platform], [ Maze of Galious], [ Gish]*(openGL), [ Mega Mario], [https://archives.arosworld.org/?function=showfile&file=game/platform/ thextech SMBX], [http://www.gianas-return.de/ Giana's Return], [http://www.sqrxz.de/ Sqrxz], [www.sqrxz2.de/ Sqrxz 2], [http://www.sqrxz.de/sqrxz-3/ Sqrxz 3], [http://www.sqrxz.de/sqrxz-4/ Sqrxz 4], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=game/platform Cave Story], [https://bszili.morphos.me/ Frogatto], [https://bszili.morphos.me/ OpenJazz], [https://archives.arosworld.org/?function=showfile&file=game/platform/ pekkakana2], [ Aquaria], [https://archives.arosworld.org/?function=showfile&file=game/platform/ sonic CD], [], |<!--Amiga OS-->[ Giana Sisters], [], |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Puzzle [https://github.com/mariopartyrd/marioparty4/tree/port Party], [https://github.com/mdodis/OpenSolomonsKey OpenSolomonsKey], [], |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=game/puzzle], [ Cubosphere (OpenGL)], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=game/puzzle Candy Crisis], [http://bszili.morphos.me/ TailTale], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Sports |<!--AROS-->[https://github.com/tomaszstaniak/aros-swos OpenSWOS], [], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Racing [ Trigger Rally], [ VDrift], [http://www.ultimatestunts.nl/index.php?page=2&lang=en Ultimate Stunts], [http://maniadrive.raydium.org/ Mania Drive], [https://github.com/plowteam/donut Simpsons Hit and Run], [], |<!--AROS-->[ Super Tux Kart (OpenGL)], [http://www.dusabledanslherbe.eu/AROSPage/F1Spirit.30.html F1 Spirit (OpenGL)], [http://bszili.morphos.me/index.html MultiRacer], [https://bszili.morphos.me/ Speed Dreams], [https://archives.arosworld.org/?function=showfile&file=game/driving/dethrace-0.10.1.x86_64-aros-v11.zip Carmageddon dethrace 64bit], [http://maniadrive.raydium.org/index.php?downloads=yes maniadrive like trackmania], |<!--AmigaOS--> |<!--AmigaOS4-->[http://bszili.morphos.me/index.html Speed Dreams], |<!--MorphOS-->[http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=12], [http://bszili.morphos.me/index.html TORCS], |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games 1st first person DRPG [https://wiki.rpg.net/index.php/Open_Game_Systems Misc], [https://github.com/OpenEnroth/OpenEnroth OpenEnroth MM], [] |<!--AROS-->[https://github.com/BSzili/aros-stuff Arx Libertatis], [http://www.playfuljs.com/a-first-person-engine-in-265-lines/ js raycaster], [https://github.com/Dorthu/es6-crpg webgl], [https://github.com/sonountaleban/AmiShockolate System Shock], [], [], |<!--AmigaOS-->Phantasie, Faery Tale, Dungeon Master, |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games 3rd third person action CRPG [https://sourceforge.net/projects/sumwars/ Summoning Wars], [https://www.solarus-games.org/ Solarus], [https://wiki.rpg.net/index.php/Open_Game_Systems Misc], [https://github.com/alexbatalov/fallout1-ce fallout ce], [https://github.com/rwengine/openrw gta3], [https://github.com/gta-reversed/gta-reversed gta3 sa], [https://github.com/mrxenginner/reVC gta3 vc revc], [https://github.com/jakobharder/burntime/tree/main Burntime], |<!--AROS-->[https://archives.arosworld.org/?function=showfile&file=game/strategy/ fheroes2 homm2], [https://archives.arosworld.org/?function=showfile&file=game/roleplaying/ breakhack], [https://archives.arosworld.org/?function=showfile&file=game/roleplaying/ devilutionx diablo 1 hellfire], [https://archives.arosworld.org/?function=showfile&file=game/roleplaying/ fallout 1], [https://archives.arosworld.org/?function=showfile&file=game/strategy/ stratagus], [https://archives.arosworld.org/?function=showfile&file=game/strategy/ hostile-takeover], [https://github.com/Kalamatee/ Openmw], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games isometric RPG [https://sourceforge.net/projects/sumwars/ Summoning Wars], [https://www.solarus-games.org/ Solarus], [https://wiki.rpg.net/index.php/Open_Game_Systems Misc], [https://github.com/topics/dungeon?l=javascript Dungeon], [], [https://github.com/clintbellanger/heroine-dusk JS Dusk], |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=game/roleplaying nethack], [https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=game/roleplaying GemRB], [], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games card based RPG [https://github.com/open-duelyst/duelyst Duelyst], [], [], |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games turn based tactics RPG [], [], [], [], [], [], |<!--AROS-->[https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=game/strategy UFO AI], [http://play.freeciv.org/ FreeCiv], [https://juen.in Aveterna online civ], [], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Strategy [http://rtsgus.org/ RTSgus], [http://stargus.sourceforge.net/ Stargus], [https://github.com/KD-lab-Open-Source/Perimeter Perimeter], [https://matty77.itch.io/conflict-3049 conflict-3049], [https://github.com/ZeroK-RTS/Zero-K Zero-K multi player rts lua], |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=game/strategy MegaGlest (OpenGL)], [https://archives.arosworld.org/?function=showfile&file=game/strategy/ signus], [https://www.arosworld.org/infusions/forum/viewthread.php?thread_id=1443&rowstart=140&pid=12446#post_12446 Wargus warcraft 2 setup], |<!--Amiga OS-->[https://aminet.net/package/game/strat/OpenDUNE_RTG OpenDUNE_RTG src] |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS-->[http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=12] |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Rhythm, Beat, Step [], [], [https://clonehero.net/ clonehero], [https://github.com/MatteoGodzilla/Dj-Engine Dj-Engine], |<!--AROS-->[https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=game/misc Frets on Fire], [], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Shoot Em Ups [http://www.mhgames.org/oldies/formido/ Formido], [http://code.google.com/p/violetland/ Violetland], ||<!--AROS-->[https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=game/action Open Tyrian], [http://www.parallelrealities.co.uk/projects/starfighter.php Starfighter], [ Alien Blaster], [https://github.com/OpenFodder/openfodder OpenFodder], [https://archives.arosworld.org/?function=showfile&file=game/action/ tbftss The Battle for the Solar System: the Pandora War] |<!--AmigaOS--> |<!--AmigaOS4-->[http://www.parallelrealities.co.uk/projects/starfighter.php Starfighter], [ The Battle for the Solar System: the Pandora War] |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Simulations [http://scp.indiegames.us/ Freespace 2], [http://www.heptargon.de/gl-117/gl-117.html GL117], [http://code.google.com/p/corsix-th/ Theme Hospital], [http://code.google.com/p/freerct/ Rollercoaster Tycoon], [http://hedgewars.org/ Hedgewars], [https://github.com/raceintospace/raceintospace raceintospace], [https://github.com/Return-To-The-Roots RTTR Settlers 2], [https://github.com/OoliteProject/oolite oolite elite], [https://github.com/fesh0r/newkind newkind elite], [https://github.com/bohemiainteractive/cwr Arma Cold War Src], [https://github.com/endless-sky/endless-sky endless-sky], [https://github.com/pioneerspacesim/pioneer pioneer space command], |<!--AROS-->[https://github.com/tomaszstaniak/aros-micropolis micropolis] |<!--Amiga OS-->SimCity, SimAnt, Sim Hospital, Theme Park, [https://github.com/angree/openttd_amiga_68k openttd amiga_68k], |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS-->[http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=12] |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Life Sim [https://github.com/ACreTeam/forest Animal Crossing], [ ], [], [], |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Horror [https://github.com/Mikompilation/MikuPan Fatal Frame], [ ], [], [], |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Sandbox Voxel Open World Exploration [https://github.com/ClassiCube/ Classicube],[http://www.michaelfogleman.com/craft/ Craft], [https://github.com/tothpaul/DelphiCraft DelphiCraft],[https://www.minetest.net/ Luanti formerly Minetest], [ infiniminer], |<!--AROS-->[https://github.com/Kalamatee/veloren veloren] |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Battle Royale [https://bruh.io/ Play.Bruh.io], [https://www.coolmathgames.com/0-copter Copter Royale], [https://surviv.io/ Surviv.io], [https://nuggetroyale.io/#Ketchup Nugget Royale], [https://miniroyale2.io/ Miniroyale2.io], |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Tower Defense [https://chriscourses.github.io/tower-defense/ HTML5], [https://github.com/SBardak/Tower-Defense-Game TD C++], [https://github.com/bdoms/love_defense LUA and LOVE], [https://github.com/HyOsori/Osori-WebGame HTML5], [https://github.com/PascalCorpsman/ConfigTD ConfigTD Pascal], [https://github.com/GloriousEggroll/wine-ge-custom Wine], [] |<!--AROS-->[https://www.arosworld.org/infusions/forum/viewthread.php?thread_id=1443&rowstart=180&pid=12871#post_12871 Plants vs Zombies PvZ], |<!--Amiga OS-->[https://github.com/boingball/miggy-tower-defense miggy-tower-defense], |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Visual Novel Engines [https://github.com/diane1f0cd/VisualNovelTemplate Visual Novel Template], [https://github.com/Kirilllive/tuesday-js Tuesday JS], [https://github.com/tejasnayak25/vnsutra vnsutra], [https://github.com/weetabix-su/renpsp-dev RenPSP], [https://github.com/Galladite27/ONScripter-EN ONScripter-EN], [https://github.com/NathanGuilhot/VNES-Raylib https://github.com/NathanGuilhot/VNES VNES in Raylib], [https://www.renpy.org/latest.html renpy ren'py python based], |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Virtual Reality VR [https://gitlab.com/madsbuvi/openmw openmw vr], [https://github.com/Team-Beef-Studios/BeefRaiderXR BeefRaiderXR], |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Virtual Table Top VTT [ Roll20], [https://www.owlbear.rodeo/ owlbear rodeo], [], [], |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Computer assisted TableTop TTRPG OSR [https://www.rpgsolo.com/play.php RPGSolo], [https://github.com/fpsvogel/solo-ttrpgs Solo TTRPG], [], [], |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games 2D 3D Engines [https://github.com/fegennari/3DWorld 3DWorld], [https://github.com/GarageGames/Torque3D Torque3D], [https://github.com/gameplay3d/GamePlay GamePlay 3D], [https://www.babylonjs.com/ BabylonJS ], [ Godot], [ Ogre], [ Crystal Space], [https://github.com/JacobHess03/ Dragon-Quest like], [https://github.com/bjornbytes/lovr Lua LOVE for 2D LOVR for 3D], [], |<!--AROS-->[https://www.arkhamdev.net/wiki.htm?id=agx Arkham Development antiryadgx 8.9 lts with register], [], |<!--Amiga OS-->[https://github.com/alpyre/Sevgi_Engine Sevgi Engine], [], [], |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games C based game frameworks [https://github.com/orangeduck/Corange Corange], [https://github.com/scottcgi/Mojoc Mojoc], [https://orx-project.org/ Orx], [https://github.com/ioquake/ioq3 Quake 3], [https://www.mapeditor.org/ Tiled], [https://www.raylib.com/ 2d Raylib], [https://github.com/Rabios/awesome-raylib other raylib], [https://github.com/MrFrenik/gunslinger Gunslinger], [https://o3de.org/ o3d], [http://archives.aros-exec.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=development/library GLFW], [], |<!--AROS-->[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=development/library Raylib 5], |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games RPGMaker MV/MZ-compatible projects [https://github.com/Psychronic-Games/RPGReactor RPGReactor js], |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games Virtual Pinball [https://github.com/vpinball/vpinball vpinball], [], |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu-->Games unpack unarc [], [], |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu--> |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |- |<!--Sub Menu--> |<!--AROS--> |<!--Amiga OS--> |<!--AmigaOS4--> |<!--MorphOS--> |} ==Application Guides== [[#top|...to the top]] ===Web Browser=== OWB is now at version 2.0 (which got an engine refresh, from July 2015 to February 2019) and 3.0. This latest version has a good support for many/most web sites, even YouTube web page now works. [https://www.bilibili.tv/en/search untested] This improved compatibility comes at the expense of higher RAM usage (now 1GB RAM is the absolute minimum). Also, keep in mind that the lack of a JIT (Just-In-Time) JS compiler on the 32 bit version, makes the web surfing a bit slow. Only the 64 bit version of OWB 2.0 will have JIT enabled, thus benefitting of more speed. There are tooltypes that can be added to the icon to provide further features JIT, MSE etc Certificates from [https://curl.se/docs/caextract.html ca certs], DNS tracking blocking with [https://easylist.to/easylist/easylist.txt easylist.txt] in PROGDIR:Conf before starting browser with enabled AdBlock [https://github.com/easylist/easylist/tree/master easylist], [https://gitlab.com/eyeo anti abp], [https://firebog.net/ big blocklist], [https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts Steves], [], [], This can be enabled with OWB Odyssey with Windows -> Content Blocking and Windows -> Messages and enter https://www.youtube.com/api/stats/ads* https://www.youtube.com/pagead/adview* https://www.youtube.com#@##player-ads* into your custom filters Element blocker browser extension might be needed for [https://github.com/easylist/easylist/wiki/Youtube-Issues youtube], [ mid roll], [ pre roll], [ ], OWB speed is much better when running from RAM Disk, the best way is to add the below into your S:User-Startup which copies OWB drawer from Extras:Internet/OWB to RAM Disk: So add this : <pre> copy Extras:Internet/OWB Ram:OWB/ ALL CLONE >NIL: copy Extras:Internet/OWB.info Ram: >NIL: </pre> Open RAM Disk and open OWB drawer and double click on OWB icon so that the above icon tooltypes are activated Problems are that the copy time is long (around 20 seconds added in the background), but we can make it faster if we delete useless files from the OWB drawer (docs, …) If you don’t copy the drawer back onto the HD, you won’t save your cache, cookies, passwords… So you need a script for it. copy Extras:Internet/Amelinium/#? Ram:Amelinium/ ALL CLONE >NIL: Error messages SSL error "cant verify with ca-certificates", check bios clock time date is correct Error 6, try checking networking prefs settings and Save / Use preferences again or a '''few times''' otherwise the network chipset may not be compatible with Aros [https://www.google.com/search?q=%s&udm=14 Google search without AI overview] [ DuckDuckGo] [ Ecosia] [ Qwant] [ Swisscows] [ Mojeek] [ Brave Search] [ PreSearch] [ Startpage] ===E-mail=== Emailinium is now available for IMAP and POP3 based accounts YAM does not support SSL and most mail providers now switched to encrypted SMTP/POP3 connections ====SimpleMail==== SimpleMail supports IMAP and appears to work with GMail, but it's never been reliable enough, it can crash with large mailboxes. Please read more on this [http://www.freelists.org/list/simplemail-usr User list] GMail Be sure to activate the pop3 usage in your gmail account setup / configuration first. pop3: pop.gmail.com Use SSL: Yes Port: 995 smtp: smtp.gmail.com (with authentication) Use Authentication: Yes Use SSL: Yes Port: 465 or 587 Hotmail/MSN/outlook/Microsoft Mail mid-2017, all outlook.com accounts will be migrated to Office 365 / Exchange Most users are currently on POP which does not allow showing folders and many other features (technical limitations of POP3). With Microsoft IMAP you will get folders, sync read/unread, and show flags. You still won't get push though, as Microsoft has not turned on the IMAP Idle command as at Sept 2013. If you want to try it, you need to first remove (you can't edit) your pop account (long-press the account on the accounts screen, delete account). Then set it up this way: 1. Email/Password 2. Manual 3. IMAP 4. * Incoming: imap-mail.outlook.com, port 993, SSL/TLS should be checked * Outgoing: smtp-mail.outlook.com, port 587, SSL/TLS should be checked * POP server name pop-mail.outlook.com, port 995, POP encryption method SSL Yahoo Mail On April 24, 2002 Yahoo ceased to offer POP access to its free mail service. Introducing instead a yearly payment feature, allowing users POP3 and IMAP server support, along with such benefits as larger file attachment sizes and no adverts. Sorry to see Yahoo leaving its users to cough up for the privilege of accessing their mail. Understandable, when competing against rivals such as Gmail and Hotmail who hold a large majority of users and were hacked in 2014 as well. Incoming Mail (IMAP) Server * Server - imap.mail.yahoo.com * Port - 993 * Requires SSL - Yes Outgoing Mail (SMTP) Server * Server - smtp.mail.yahoo.com * Port - 465 or 587 * Requires SSL - Yes * Requires authentication - Yes Your login info * Email address - Your full email address (name@domain.com) * Password - Your account's password * Requires authentication - Yes Note that you need to enable “Web & POP Access” in your Yahoo Mail account to send and receive Yahoo Mail messages through any other email program. You will have to enable “Allow your Yahoo Mail to be POPed” under “POP and Forwarding”, to send and receive Yahoo mails through any other email client. Cannot be done since 2002 unless the customer pays Yahoo a subscription subs fee to have access to SMTP and POP3 * Set the POP server for incoming mails as pop.mail.yahoo.com. You will have to enable “SSL” and use 995 for Port. * “Account Name or Login Name” – Your Yahoo Mail ID i.e. your email address without the domain “@yahoo.com”. * “Email Address” – Your Yahoo Mail address i.e. your email address including the domain “@yahoo.com”. E.g. myname@yahoo.com * “Password” – Your Yahoo Mail password. Yahoo! Mail Plus users may have to set POP server as plus.pop.mail.yahoo.com and SMTP server as plus.smtp.mail.yahoo.com. * Set the SMTP server for outgoing mails as smtp.mail.yahoo.com. You will also have to make sure that “SSL” is enabled and use 465 for port. you must also enable “authentication” for this to work. ====YAM Yet Another Mailer==== YAM does not support SSL and most mail providers have now switched to encrypted SMTP/POP3 connections This email client is POP3 only if the SSL library is available [http://www.freelists.org/list/yam YAM Freelists] One of the downsides of using a POP3 mailer unfortunately - you have to set an option not to delete the mail if you want it left on the server. IMAP keeps all the emails on the server. Possible issues Sending mail issues is probably a matter of using your ISP's SMTP server, though it could also be an SSL issue. getting a "Couldn't initialise TLSv1 / SSL error Use of on-line e-mail accounts with this email client is not possible as it lacks the OpenSSL AmiSSl v3 compatible library GMail Incoming Mail (POP3) Server - requires SSL: pop.gmail.com Use SSL: Yes Port: 995 Outgoing Mail (SMTP) Server - requires TLS: smtp.gmail.com (use authentication) Use Authentication: Yes Use STARTTLS: Yes (some clients call this SSL) Port: 465 or 587 Account Name: your Gmail username (including '@gmail.com') Email Address: your full Gmail email address (username@gmail.com) Password: your Gmail password Anyway, the SMTP is pop.gmail.com port 465 and it uses SSLLv3 Authentication. The POP3 settings are for the same server (pop.gmail.com), only on port 995 instead. Outlook.com access <pre > Outlook.com SMTP server address: smtp.live.com Outlook.com SMTP user name: Your full Outlook.com email address (not an alias) Outlook.com SMTP password: Your Outlook.com password Outlook.com SMTP port: 587 Outlook.com SMTP TLS/SSL encryption required: yes </pre > Yahoo Mail <pre > “POP3 Server” – Set the POP server for incoming mails as pop.mail.yahoo.com. You will have to enable “SSL” and use 995 for Port. “SMTP Server” – Set the SMTP server for outgoing mails as smtp.mail.yahoo.com. You will also have to make sure that “SSL” is enabled and use 465 for port. you must also enable “authentication” for this to work. “Account Name or Login Name” – Your Yahoo Mail ID i.e. your email address without the domain “@yahoo.com”. “Email Address” – Your Yahoo Mail address i.e. your email address including the domain “@yahoo.com”. E.g. myname@yahoo.com “Password” – Your Yahoo Mail password. </pre > Yahoo! Mail Plus users may have to set POP server as plus.pop.mail.yahoo.com and SMTP server as plus.smtp.mail.yahoo.com. Note that you need to enable “Web & POP Access” in your Yahoo Mail account to send and receive Yahoo Mail messages through any other email program. You will have to enable “Allow your Yahoo Mail to be POPed” under “POP and Forwarding”, to send and receive Yahoo mails through any other email client. Cannot be done since 2002 unless the customer pays Yahoo a monthly fee to have access to SMTP and POP3 Microsoft Outlook Express Mail 1. Get the files to your PC. By whatever method get the files off your Amiga onto your PC. In the YAM folder you have a number of different folders, one for each of your folders in YAM. Inside that is a file usually some numbers such as 332423.283. YAM created a new file for every single email you received. 2. Open up a brand new Outlook Express. Just configure the account to use 127.0.0.1 as mail servers. It doesn't really matter. You will need to manually create any subfolders you used in YAM. 3. You will need to do a mass rename on all your email files from YAM. Just add a .eml to the end of it. Amazing how PCs still rely mostly on the file name so it knows what sort of file it is rather than just looking at it! There are a number of multiple renamers online to download and free too. 4. Go into each of your folders, inbox, sent items etc. And do a select all then drag the files into Outlook Express (to the relevant folder obviously) Amazingly the file format that YAM used is very compatible with .eml standard and viola your emails appear. With correct dates and working attachments. 5. If you want your email into Microsoft Outlook. Open that up and create a new profile and a new blank PST file. Then go into File Import and choose to import from Outlook Express. And the mail will go into there. And viola.. you have your old email from your Amiga in a more modern day format. ===FTP=== Magellan has a great FTP module. It allows transferring files from/to a FTP server over the Internet or the local network and, even if FTP is perceived as a "thing of the past", its usability is all inside the client. The FTP thing has a nice side effect too, since every Icaros machine can be a FTP server as well, and our files can be easily transferred from an Icaros machine to another with a little configuration effort. First of all, we need to know the 'server' IP address. Server is the Icaros machine with the file we are about to download on another Icaros machine, that we're going to call 'client'. To do that, move on the server machine and 1) run Prefs/Services to be sure "FTP file transfer" is enabled (if not, enable it and restart Icaros); 2) run a shell and enter this command: ifconfig -a Make a note of the IP address for the network interface used by the local area network. For cabled devices, it usually is net0:. Now go on the client machine and run Magellan: Perform these actions: 1) click on FTP; 2) click on ADDRESS BOOK; 3) click on "New". You can now add a new entry for your Icaros server machine: 1) Choose a name for your server, in order to spot it immediately in the address book. Enter the IP address you got before. 2) click on Custom Options: 1) go to Miscellaneous in the left menu; 2) Ensure "Passive Transfers" is NOT selected; 3) click on Use. We need to deactivate Passive Transfers because YAFS, the FTP server included in Icaros, only allows active transfers at the current stage. Now, we can finally connect to our new file source: 1) Look into the address book for the newly introduced server, be sure that name and IP address are right, and 2) click on Connect. A new lister with server's "MyWorkspace" contents will appear. You can now transfer files over the network choosing a destination among your local (client's) volumes. Can be adapted to any FTP client on any platform of your choice, just be sure your client allows Active Transfers as well. ===IRC Internet Relay Chat=== Jabberwocky is ideal for one-to-one social media communication, use IRC if you require one to many. Just type a message in ''lowercase''' letters and it will be posted to all in the [ AROS irc channel]. Please do not use UPPER CASE as it is a sign of SHOUTING which is annoying. Other things to type in - replace <message> with a line of text and <nick> with a person's name <pre> /help /list /who /whois <nick> /msg <nick> <message> /query <nick> <message>s /query /away <message> /away /quit <going away message> </pre> [http://irchelp.org/irchelp/new2irc.html#smiley Intro guide here]. IRC Primer can be found here in [http://www.irchelp.org/irchelp/ircprimer.html html], [http://www.irchelp.org/irchelp/text/ircprimer.txt TXT], [http://www.kei.com/irc/IRCprimer1.1.ps PostScript]. Issue the command /me <text> where <text> is the text that should follow your nickname. Example: /me slaps ajk around a bit with a large trout /nick <newNick> /nickserv register <password> <email address> /ns instead of /nickserv, while others might need /msg nickserv /nickserv identify <password> Alternatives: /ns identify <password> /msg nickserv identify <password> ==== IRC WookieChat ==== WookieChat is the most complete internet client for communication across the IRC Network. WookieChat allows you to swap ideas and communicate in real-time, you can also exchange Files, Documents, Images and everything else using the application's DCC capabilities. add smilies drawer/directory run wookiechat from the shell and set stack to 1000000 e.g. wookiechat stack 1000000 select a server / server window * nickname * user name * real name - optional Once you configure the client with your preferred screen name, you'll want to find a channel to talk in. servers * New Server - click on this to add / add extra - change details in section below this click box * New Group * Delete Entry * Connect to server * connect in new tab * perform on connect Change details * Servername - change text in this box to one of the below Server: * Port number - no need to change * Server password * Channel - add #channel from below * auto join - can click this * nick registration password, Click Connect to server button above <pre> Server: irc.freenode.net Channel: #aros </pre> irc://irc.freenode.net/aros <pre> Server: chat.amigaworld.net Channel: #amigaworld or #amigans </pre> <pre> On Sunday evenings USA time usually starting around 3PM EDT (1900 UTC) Server:irc.superhosts.net Channel #team*amiga </pre> <pre> BitlBee and Minbif are IRCd-like gateways to multiple IM networks Server: im.bitlbee.org Port 6667 Seems to be most useful on WookieChat as you can be connected to several servers at once. One for Bitlbee and any messages that might come through that. One for your normal IRC chat server. </pre> [http://www.bitlbee.org/main.php/servers.html Other servers], <pre> #Amiga.org - irc.synirc.net eu.synirc.net dissonance.nl.eu.synirc.net (IPv6: 2002:5511:1356:0:216:17ff:fe84:68a) twilight.de.eu.synirc.net zero.dk.eu.synirc.net us.synirc.net avarice.az.us.synirc.net envy.il.us.synirc.net harpy.mi.us.synirc.net liberty.nj.us.synirc.net snowball.mo.us.synirc.net - Ports 6660-6669 7001 (SSL) </pre> <pre> Multiple server support "Perform on connect" scripts and channel auto-joins Automatic Nickserv login Tabs for channels and private conversations CTCP PING, TIME, VERSION, SOUND Incoming and Outgoing DCC SEND file transfers Colours for different events Logging and automatic reloading of logs mIRC colour code filters Configurable timestamps GUI for changing channel modes easily Configurable highlight keywords URL Grabber window Optional outgoing swear word filter Event sounds for tabs opening, highlighted words, and private messages DCC CHAT support Doubleclickable URL's Support for multiple languages using LOCALE Clone detection Auto reconnection to Servers upon disconnection Command aliases Chat display can be toggled between AmIRC and mIRC style Counter for Unread messages Graphical nicklist and graphical smileys with a popup chooser </pre> ====IRC Aircos ==== Double click on Aircos icon in Extras:Networking/Apps/Aircos. It has been set up with a guest account for trial purposes. Though ideally, choose a nickname and password for frequent use of irc. ====IRC and XMPP Jabberwocky==== Servers are setup and close down at random You sign up to a server that someone else has setup and access chat services through them. The two ways to access chat from jabberwocky <pre > Jabberwocky -> Server -> XMPP -> open and ad-free Jabberwocky -> Server -> Transports (Gateways) -> Proprietary closed systems </pre > The Jabber.org service connects with all IM services that use XMPP, the open standard for instant messaging and presence over the Internet. The services we connect with include Google Talk (closed), Live Journal Talk, Nimbuzz, Ovi, and thousands more. However, you can not connect from Jabber.org to proprietary services like AIM, ICQ, MSN, Skype, or Yahoo because they don’t yet use XMPP components (XEP-0114) '''but''' you can use Jabber.com's servers and IM gateways (MSN, ICQ, Yahoo etc.) instead. The best way to use jabberwocky is in conjunction with a public jabber server with '''transports''' to your favorite services, like gtalk, Facebook, yahoo, ICQ, AIM, etc. You have to register with one of the servers, [https://list.jabber.at/ this list] or [http://www.jabberes.org/servers/ another list], [http://xmpp.net/ this security XMPP list], Unfortunately jabberwocky can only connect to one server at a time so it is best to check what services each server offers. If you set it up with separate Facebook and google talk accounts, for example, sometimes you'll only get one or the other. Jabberwocky open a window where the Jabber server part is typed in as well as your Nickname and Password. Jabber ID (JID) identifies you to the server and other users. Once registered the next step is to goto Jabberwocky's "Windows" menu and select the "Agents" option. The "Agents List" window will open. Roster (contacts list) [http://search.wensley.org.uk/ Chatrooms] (MUC) are available File Transfer - can send and receive files through the Jabber service but not with other services like IRC, ICQ, AIM or Yahoo. All you need is an installed webbrowser and OpenURL. Clickable URLs - The message window uses Mailtext.mcc and you can set a URL action in the MUI mailtext prefs like SYS:Utils/OpenURL %s NEWWIN. There is no consistent Skype like (H.323 VoIP) video conferencing available over Jabber. The move from xmpp to Jingle should help but no support on any amiga-like systems at the moment. [http://aminet.net/package/dev/src/AmiPhoneSrc192 AmiPhone] and [http://www.lysator.liu.se/%28frame,faq,nobg,useframes%29/ahi/v4-site/ Speak Freely] was an early attempt voice only contact. SIP and Asterisk are other PBX options. Facebook If you're using the XMPP transport provided by Facebook themselves, chat.facebook.com, it looks like they're now requiring SSL transport. This means jabberwocky method below will no longer work. The best thing to do is to create an ID on a public jabber server which has a Facebook gateway. <pre > 1. launch jabberwocky 2. if the login window doesn't appear on launch, select 'account' from the jabberwocky menu 3. your jabber ID will be user@chat.facebook.com where user is your user ID 4. your password is your normal facebook password 5. to save this for next time, click the popup gadget next to the ID field 6. click the 'add' button 7. click the 'close' button 8. click the 'connect' button </pre > you're done. you can also click the 'save as default account' button if you want. jabberwocky configured to auto-connect when launching the program, but you can configure as you like. there is amigaguide documentation included with jabberwocky. [http://amigaworld.net/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?topic_id=37085&forum=32 Read more here] for Facebook users, you can log-in directly to Facebook with jabberwocky. just sign in as @chat.facebook.com with your Facebook password as the password Twitter For a few years, there has been added a twitter transport. Servers include [http://jabber.hot-chilli.net/ jabber.hot-chili.net], and . An [http://jabber.hot-chilli.net/tag/how-tos/ How-to] :Read [http://jabber.hot-chilli.net/2010/05/09/twitter-transport-working/ more] Instagram no support at the moment best to use a web browser based client ICQ The new version (beta) of StriCQ uses a newer ICQ protocol. Most of the ICQ Jabber Transports still use an older ICQ protocol. You can only talk one-way to StriCQ using the older Transports. Only the newer ICQv7 Transport lets you talk both ways to StriCQ. Look at the server lists in the first section to check. Register on a Jabber server, e.g. this one works: http://www.jabber.de/ Then login into Jabberwocky with the following login data e.g. xxx@jabber.de / Password: xxx Now add your ICQ account under the window->Agents->"Register". Now Jabberwocky connects via the Jabber.de server with your ICQ account. Yahoo Messenger although yahoo! does not use xmpp protocol, you should be able to use the transport methods to gain access and post your replies MSN early months of 2013 Microsoft will ditch MSN Messenger client and force everyone to use Skype...but MSN protocol and servers will keep working as usual for quite a long time.... Occasionally the Messenger servers have been experiencing problems signing in. You may need to sign in at www.outlook.com and then try again. It may also take multiple tries to sign in. (This also affects you if you’re using Skype.) You have to check each servers' Agents List to see what transports (MSN protocol, ICQ protocol, etc.) are supported or use the list address' provided in the section above. Then register with each transport (IRC, MSN, ICQ, etc.) to which you need access. After registering you can Connect to start chatting. msn.jabber.com/registered should appear in the window. From this [http://tech.dir.groups.yahoo.com/group/amiga-jabberwocky/message/1378 JW group] guide which helps with this process in a clear, step by step procedure. 1. Sign up on MSN's site for a passport account. This typically involves getting a Hotmail address. 2. Log on to the Jabber server of your choice and do the following: * Select the "Windows/Agents" menu option in Jabberwocky. * Select the MSN Agent from the list presented by the server. * Click the Register button to open a new window asking for: **Username = passort account email address, typically your hotmail address. **Nick = Screen name to be shown to anyone you add to your buddy list. **Password = Password for your passport account/hotmail address. * Click the Register button at the bottom of the new window. 3. If all goes well, you will see the MSN Gateway added to your buddy list. If not, repeat part 2 on another server. Some servers may show MSN in their list of available agents, but have not updated their software for the latest protocols used by MSN. 4. Once you are registered, you can now add people to your buddy list. Note that you need to include the '''msn.''' ahead of the servername so that it knows what gateway agent to use. Some servers may use a slight variation and require '''msg.gate.''' before the server name, so try both to see what works. If my friend's msn was amiga@hotmail.co.uk and my jabber server was @jabber.meta.net.nz.. then amiga'''%'''hotmail.com@'''msn.'''jabber.meta.net.nz or another the trick to import MSN contacts is that you don't type the hotmail URL but the passport URL... e.g. Instead of: goodvibe%hotmail.com@msn.jabber.com You type: goodvibe%passport.com@msn.jabber.com And the thing about importing contacts I'm afraid you'll have to do it by hand, one at the time... Google Talk any XMPP server will work, but you have to add your contacts manually. a google talk user is typically either @gmail.com or @talk.google.com. a true gtalk transport is nice because it brings your contacts to you and (can) also support file transfers to/from google talk users. implement Jingle a set of extensions to the IETF's Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol (XMPP) support ended early 2014 as Google moved to Google+ Hangouts which uses it own proprietary format ===Video Player MPlayer=== Many of the menu features (such as doubling) do not work with the current version of mplayer but using 4:3 mplayer -vf scale=800:600 file.avi 16:9 mplayer -vf scale=854:480 file.avi if you want gui use; mplayer -gui 1 <other params> file.avi <pre > stack 1000000 ; using AspireOS 1.xx ; copy FROM SYS:Extras/Multimedia/MPlayer/ TO RAM:MPlayer ALL CLONE > Nil: ; using Icaros Desktop 1.x ; copy FROM SYS:Tools/MPlayer/ TO RAM:MPlayer ALL CLONE > Nil: ; using Icaros Desktop 2.x ; copy FROM SYS:Utilities/MPlayer/ TO RAM:MPlayer ALL CLONE > Nil: cd RAM:MPlayer run MPlayer -gui > Nil: ;run MPlayer -gui -ao ahi_dev -playlist http://www.radio-paralax.de/listen.pls > Nil: </pre > $ mplayer rtsp://127.0.0.1:554/sample_300kbit.mp4 MPlayer supports multicast streaming, and rtp/rtsp protocols (it might require [http://www.live555.com/openRTSP/ live555 library] to work with some streams). But you might have to build it where it's disabled. Also, multicast won't work with some AmiTCP-likes. MIAMI supported it, though. AROS supports IPv4 (old but works) and this includes the needed address space for RTP. If you mean multicast via RTP - mplayer handles it. You can even force UDP over TCP -rtsp-stream-over-tcp If the rtsp Real Time Streaming Protocol server needs authentification: -user -passwd MPlayer - Menu - Open Playlist and load already downloaded .pls or .m3u file - auto starts around 4 percent cache MPlayer - Menu - Open Stream and copy one of the .pls lines below into space allowed, press OK and press play button on main gui interface Old 8bit 16bit remixes chip tune game music http://www.radio-paralax.de/listen.pls http://scenesat.com/ http://www.shoutcast.com/radio/Amiga http://www.theoldcomputer.com/retro_radio/RetroRadio_Main.htm http://www.kohina.com/ http://www.remix64.com/ http://retrogamer.net/forum/ http://retroasylum.podomatic.com/rss2.xml http://retrogamesquad.com/ http://www.retronauts.com/ http://monsterfeet.com/noquarter/ http://www.retrogamingradio.com/ http://www.radiofeeds.co.uk/mp3.asp [[#top|...to the top]] ====ZunePaint==== simplified typical workflow * importing and organizing and photo management * making global and regional local correction(s) - recalculation is necessary after each adjustment as it is not in real-time * exporting your images in the best format available with the preservation of metadata Whilst achieving 80% of a great photo with just a filter, the remaining 20% comes from a manual fine-tuning of specific image attributes. For photojournalism, documentary, and event coverage, minimal touching is recommended. Stick to Camera Raw for such shots, and limit changes to level adjustment, sharpness, noise reduction, and white balance correction. For fashion or portrait shoots, a large amount of adjustment is allowed and usually ends up far from the original. Skin smoothing, blemish removal, eye touch-ups, etc. are common. Might alter the background a bit to emphasize the subject. Product photography usually requires a lot of sharpening, spot removal, and focus stacking. For landscape shots, best results are achieved by doing the maximum amount of preparation before/while taking the shot. No amount of processing can match timing, proper lighting, correct gear, optimal settings, etc. Excessive post-processing might give you a dramatic shot but best avoided in the long term. * White Balance - Left Amiga or F12 and K and under "Misc color effects" tab with a pull down for White Balance - color temperature also known as AKA tint (movies) or tones (painting) - warm temp raise red reduce green blue - cool raise blue lower red green * Exposure - exposure compensation, highlight/shadow recovery * Noise Reduction - during RAW development or using external software * Lens Corrections - distortion, vignetting, chromatic aberrations * Detail - capture sharpening and local contrast enhancement * Contrast - black point, levels (sliders) and curves tools (F12 and K) * Framing - straighten () and crop (F12 and F) * Refinements - color adjustments and selective enhancements - Left Amiga or F12 and K for RGB and YUV histogram tabs - * Resizing - enlarge for a print or downsize for the web or email (F12 and D) * Output Sharpening - customized for your subject matter and print/screen size White Balance - F12 and K scan your image for a shade which was meant to be white (neutral with each RGB value being equal) like paper or plastic which is in the same light as the subject of the picture. Use the dropper tool to select this color, similar colours will shift and you will have selected the perfect white balance for your part of the image - for the whole picture make sure RAZ or CLR button at the bottom is pressed before applying to the image above. Exposure correction F12 and K - YUV Y luminosity - RGB extra red tint - move red curve slightly down and move blue green curves slightly up Workflows in practice * Undo - Right AROS key or F12 and Z * Redo - Right AROS key or F12 and R First flatten your image (if necessary) and then do a rotation until the picture looks level. * Crop the picture. Click the selection button and drag a box over the area of the picture you want to keep. Press the crop button and the rest of the photo will be gone. * Adjust your saturation, exposure, hue levels, etc., (right AROS Key and K for color correction) until you are happy with the photo. Make sure you zoom in all of the way to 100% and look the photo over, zoom back out and move around. Look for obvious problems with the picture. * After coloring and exposure do a sharpen (Right AROS key and E for Convolution and select drop down option needed), e.g. set the matrix to 5x5 (roughly equivalent Amount to 60%) and set the Radius to 1.0. Click OK. And save your picture Implemented or would like to see for simplification and ease of use basic filters (presets) like black and white, monochrome, edge detection (sobel), motion/gaussian blur, * negative, sepiatone, retro vintage, night vision, colour tint, color gradient, color temperature, glows, fire, lightning, lens flare, emboss, filmic, pixelate mezzotint, antialias, etc. adjust / cosmetic tools such as crop, * reshaping tools, straighten, smear, smooth, perspective, liquify, bloat, pucker, push pixels in any direction, dispersion, transform like warp, blending with soft light, page-curl, whirl, ripple, fisheye, neon, etc. * red eye fixing, blemish remover, skin smoothing, teeth whitener, make eyes look brighter, desaturate, effects like oil paint, cartoon, pencil sketch, charcoal, noise/matrix like sharpen/unsharpen, (right AROS key with A for Artistic effects) * blend two image, gradient blend, masking blend, explode, implode, custom collage, surreal painting, comic book style, needlepoint, stained glass, watercolor, mosaic, stencil/outline, crayon, chalk, etc. borders such as * dropshadow, rounded, blurred, color tint, picture frame, film strip polaroid, bevelled edge, etc. brushes e.g. * frost, smoke, etc. and manual control of fix lens issues including vignetting (darkening), color fringing and barrel distortion, and chromatic and geometric aberration - lens and body profiles perspective correction levels - directly modify the levels of the tone-values of an image, by using sliders for highlights, midtones and shadows curves - Color Adjustment and Brightness/Contrast color balance one single color transparent (alpha channel (color information/selections) for masking and/or blending ) for backgrounds, etc. Threshold indicates how much other colors will be considered mixture of the removed color and non-removed colors decompose layer into a set of layers with each holding a different type of pattern that is visible within the image any selection using any selecting tools like lasso tool, marquee tool etc. the selection will temporarily be save to alpha If you create your image without transparency then the Alpha channel is not present, but you can add later. File formats like .psd (Photoshop file has layers, masks etc. contains edited sensor data. The original sensor data is no longer available) .xcf .raw .hdr Image Picture Formats * low dynamic range (JPEG, PNG, TIFF 8-bit), 16-bit (PPM, TIFF), typically as a 16-bit TIFF in either ProPhoto or AdobeRGB colorspace - TIFF files are also fairly universal – although, if they contain proprietary data, such as Photoshop Adjustment Layers or Smart Filters, making them proprietary. * linear high dynamic range (HDR) images (PFM, [http://www.openexr.com/ ILM .EXR], jpg, [http://aminet.net/util/dtype cr2] (canon tiff based), hdr, NEF, CRW, ARW, MRW, ORF, RAF (Fuji), PEF, DCR, SRF, ERF, DNG files are RAW converted to an Adobe proprietary format - a container that can embed the raw file as well as the information needed to open it) An old version of [http://archives.aros-exec.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=graphics/convert dcraw] There is no single RAW file format. Each camera manufacturer has one or more unique RAW formats. RAW files contain the brightness levels data captured by the camera sensor. This data cannot be modified. A second smaller file, separate XML file, or within a database with instructions for the RAW processor to change exposure, saturation etc. The extra data can be changed but the original sensor data is still there. RAW is technically least compatible. A raw file is high-bit (usually 12 or 14 bits of information) but a camera-generated TIFF file will be usually converted by the camera (compressed, downsampled) to 8 bits. The raw file has no embedded color balance or color space, but the TIFF has both. These three things (smaller bit depth, embedded color balance, and embedded color space) make it so that the TIFF will lose quality more quickly with image adjustments than the raw file. The camera-generated TIFF image is much more like a camera processed JPEG than a raw file. A strong advantage goes to the raw file. The power of RAW files, such as the ability to set any color temperature non-destructively and will contain more tonal values. The principle of preserving the maximum amount of information to as late as possible in the process. The final conversion - which will always effectively represent a "downsampling" - should prevent as much loss as possible. Once you save it as TIFF, you throw away some of that data irretrievably. When saving in the lossy JPEG format, you get tremendous file size savings, but you've irreversibly thrown away a lot of image data. As long as you have the RAW file, original or otherwise, you have access to all of the image data as captured. Keyboard equivalence with Photoshop(tm) would help <pre> File PHOTOSHOP SHORTCUT GIMP New Ctrl+n New Open Ctrl+o Open Close Ctrl+w Close Save Ctrl+s Save Save as Shift+Ctrl+s Save as Revert F12 Revert Print Ctrl+p Print Exit Ctrl+q Quit Edit PHOTOSHOP SHORTCUT GIMP Undo/Redo (1 level) Ctrl+z Undo (Redo is Shift+Ctrl+z) Cut Ctrl+x Cut Copy Ctrl+c Copy Paste Ctrl+v Paste Paste Into Shift+Ctrl+v Paste Into Fill with FG color Alt+Backspace Fill with FG color Fill with BG color Control+Backspace Fill with BG color Image/Colors PHOTOSHOP SHORTCUT GIMP Levels Ctrl+l Levels Auto Contrast Shift+Ctrl+Alt+l Stretch Contrast (same?) Curves Ctrl+m Curves Color Balance Ctrl+b Color Balance Hue/Saturation Ctrl+u Hue-Saturation Desaturate Shift+Ctrl+u Desaturate Invert Ctrl+i Invert Default Colors d Default Colors Switch Colors x Switch Colors Layer PHOTOSHOP SHORTCUT GIMP New Layer Shift+Ctrl+n New Layer Layer via Copy Ctrl+j Duplicate Layer Bring (layer) to Front Shift+Ctrl+] Layer to Top Send (layer) to Back Shift+Ctrl+[ Layer to Bottom Bring (layer) Forward Ctrl+] Raise Layer Send (layer) Backward Ctrl+[ Lower Layer Select Top Layer Shift+Alt+] Select Top Layer Select Bottom Layer Shift+Alt+[ Select Bottom Layer Select One Layer Forward Alt+] Select Previous Layer Select One Layer Backward Alt+[ Select Next Layer Merge Down Ctrl+e Merge Down Merge Visible Shift+Ctrl+e Merge Visible Preserve Transparency / Keep Transparency Cycle Modes Forwards Shift+= Next Layer Mode Cycle Modes Backwards Shift+- Previous Layer Mode Select PHOTOSHOP SHORTCUT GIMP Select All Ctrl+a Select All Deselect Ctrl+d Select None Inverse Shift+Ctrl+i Invert Feather Ctrl+Alt+d Feather View PHOTOSHOP SHORTCUT GIMP Zoom In Ctrl+= Zoom In Zoom Out Ctrl+- Zoom Out Fit on Screen Ctrl+0 Zoom to Fit Window Actual Pixels Ctrl+Alt+0 Zoom 1:1 Show/Hide Extras Ctrl+h Toggle Show Selection (close enough?) Show/Hide Guides Ctrl+' Toggle Show Guides Show/Hide Grid Ctrl+Alt+' Toggle Show Grid Show/Hide Rulers Ctrl+r Toggle Show Rulers Snap Ctrl+; Snap to Guides Scroll View Up Page Up Scroll Page Up Scroll View Down Page Down Scroll Page Down Scroll View Left Ctrl+Page Up Scroll Page Left Scroll View Right Ctrl+Page Down Scroll Page Right Window/Dialogs PHOTOSHOP SHORTCUT GIMP ? F5 Tools Dialog Color Tab F6 Colors Dialog Layers Tab F7 Layers Dialog Info Tab F8 Image Information Tools PHOTOSHOP SHORTCUT GIMP Move Tool v Move Tool Lasso Tool l Free Select Tool Magic Wand Tool w Fuzzy Select Tool Crop Tool c Crop & Resize Tool Airbrush Tool j Airbrush Tool Paintbrush Tool b Paintbrush Tool Clone Stamp Tool s Clone Stamp Tool Eraser Tool e Eraser Tool Blur Tool r Convolve Tool Dodge Tool o DodgeBurn Tool Type Tool t Text Tool Pen Tool p Bezier Select Tool Eye Dropper Tool i Color Picker Tool Zoom Tool z Magnify Tool Previous Brush , Previous Brush Next Brush . Next Brush First Brush Shift+< First Brush Last Brush Shift+> Last Brush Decrease Brush Size [ Decrease Brush Size Increase Brush Size ] Increase Brush Size Decrease Brush Hardness { Decrease Brush Hardness Increase Brush Hardness } Increase Brush Hardness Rectangular Marquee Tool m Rect Select Tool Elliptical Marquee Tool Shift+m Ellipse Select Tool Gradient Tool g Blend Tool Paint Bucket Tool Shift+g Bucket Fill Tool Transform Alt Cntrl T Help PHOTOSHOP SHORTCUT GIMP Help F1 Help Context Help Shift+F1 Context Help Misc. PHOTOSHOP SHORTCUT GIMP Last Filter Ctrl+f Repeat Last Filter ? Shift+Ctrl+f Reshow Last Filter Preferences Ctrl+k Preferences Liquify Shift+Ctrl+x IWarp (close enough?) Toggle Quick Mask q Toggle Quick Mask </pre> Spotlights - triangle of white opaque shape Cutting out and/or replacing unwanted background or features - select large areas with the selection option like the Magic Wand tool (aka Color Range) or the Lasso (quick and fast) with feather 2 to soften edge or the pen tool which adds points/lines/Bézier curves (better control but slower), hold down the shift button as you click to add extra points/areas of the subject matter to remove. Increase the tolerance to cover more areas. To subtract from your selection hold down alt as you're clicking. * Layer masks are a better way of working than Erase they clip (black hides/hidden white visible/reveal). Clone Stamp can be simulated by and brushes for other areas. * Leave the fine details like hair, fur, etc. to later with lasso and the shift key to draw a line all the way around your subject. Gradient Mapping - Inverse - Mask. i.e. Refine your selected image with edge detection and using the radius and edge options / adjuster (increase/decrease contrast) so that you will capture more fine detail from the background allowing easier removal. Remove fringe/halo saving image as png rather than jpg/jpeg to keep transparency background intact. Implemented [http://colorizer.org/ colour model representations] [http://paulbourke.net/texture_colour/colourspace/ Mathematical approach] - Photo stills are spatially 2d (h and w), but are colorimetrically 3d (r g and b, or H L S, or Y U V etc.) as well. * RGB - split cubed mapped color model for photos and computer graphics hardware using the light spectrum (adding and subtracting) * YUV - Y-Lightness U-blue/yellow V-red/cyan (similar to YPbPr and YCbCr) used in the PAL, NTSC, and SECAM composite digital TV color [http://crewofone.com/2012/chroma-subsampling-and-transcoding/#comment-7299 video] Histograms White balanced (neutral) if the spike happens in the same place in each channel of the RGB graphs. If not, you're not balanced. If you have sky you'll see the blue channel further off to the right. RGB is best one to change colours. These elements RGB is a 3-channel format containing data for Red, Green, and Blue in your photo scale between 0 and 255. The area in a picture that appears to be brighter/whiter contains more red color as compared to the area which is relatively darker. Similarly in the green channel the area that appears to be darker contains less amount of green color as compared to the area that appears to be brighter. Similarly in the blue channel the area appears to be darker contains less amount of blue color as compared to the area that appears to be brighter. Brightness luminance histogram also matches the green histogram more than any other color - human eye interprets green better e.g. RGB rough ratio 15/55/30% RGBA (RGB+A, A means alpha channel) . The alpha channel is used for "alpha compositing", which can mostly be associated as "opacity". AROS deals in RGB with two digits for every color (red, green, blue), in ARGB you have two additional hex digits for the alpha channel. The shadows are represented by the left third of the graph. The highlights are represented by the right third. And the midtones are, of course, in the middle. The higher the black peaks in the graph, the more pixels are concentrated in that tonal range (total black area). By moving the black endpoint, which identifies the shadows (darkness) and a white light endpoint (brightness) up and down either sides of the graph, colors are adjusted based on these points. By dragging the central one, can increased the midtones and control the contrast, raise shadows levels, clip or softly eliminate unsafe levels, alter gamma, etc... in a way that is much more precise and creative . RGB Curves * Move left endpoint (black point) up or right endpoint (white point) up brightens * Move left endpoint down or right endpoint down darkens Color Curves * Dragging up on the Red Curve increases the intensity of the reds in the image but * Dragging down on the Red Curve decreases the intensity of the reds and thus increases the apparent intensity of its complimentary color, cyan. Green’s complimentary color is magenta, and blue’s is yellow. <pre> Red <-> Cyan Green <->Magenta Blue <->Yellow </pre> YUV Best option to analyse and pull out statistical elements of any picture (i.e. separate luminance data from color data). The line in Y luma tone box represents the brightness of the image with the point in the bottom left been black, and the point in the top right as white. A low-contrast image has a concentrated clump of values nearer to the center of the graph. By comparison, a high-contrast image has a wider distribution of values across the entire width of the Histogram. A histogram that is skewed to the right would indicate a picture that is a bit overexposed because most of the color data is on the lighter side (increase exposure with higher value F), while a histogram with the curve on the left shows a picture that is underexposed. This is good information to have when using post-processing software because it shows you not only where the color data exists for a given picture, but also where any data has been clipped (extremes on edges of either side): that is, it does not exist and, therefore, cannot be edited. By dragging the endpoints of the line and as well as the central one, can increased the dark/shadows, midtones and light/bright parts and control the contrast, raise shadows levels, clip or softly eliminate unsafe levels, alter gamma, etc... in a way that is much more precise and creative . The U and V chroma parts show color difference components of the image. It’s useful for checking whether or not the overall chroma is too high, and also whether it’s being limited too much Can be used to create a negative image but also With U (Cb), the higher value you are, the more you're on the blue primary color. If you go to the low values then you're on blue complementary color, i.e. yellow. With V (Cr), this is the same principle but with Red and Cyan. e.g. If you push U full blue and V full red, you get magenta. If you push U full yellow and V full Cyan then you get green. YUV simultaneously adds to one side of the color equation while subtracting from the other. using YUV to do color correction can be very problematic because each curve alters the result of each other: the mutual influence between U and V often makes things tricky. You may also be careful in what you do to avoid the raise of noise (which happens very easily). Best results are obtained with little adjustments sunset that looks uninspiring and needs some color pop especially for the rays over the hill, a subtle contrast raise while setting luma values back to the legal range without hard clipping. ====Lunapaint==== Pixel based drawing app with onion-skin animation function Blocking, Shading, Coloring, adding detail <pre> b BRUSH e ERASER alt eyedropper v layer tool z ZOOM / MAGNIFY < > n spc panning m marque q lasso w same color selection / region </pre> <pre> , LM RM v V f filter F . size p , pick color [] last / next color </pre> There is not much missing in Lunapaint to be as good as FlipBook and then you have to take into account that Flipbook is considered to be amongst the best and easiest to use animation software out there. Ok to be honest Flipbook has some nice features that require more heavy work but those aren't so much needed right away, things like camera effects, sound, smart fill, export to different movie file formats etc. Tried Flipbook with my tablet and compared it to Luna. The feeling is the same when sketching. LunaPaint is very responsive/fluent to draw with. Just as Flipbook is, and that responsiveness is something its users have mentioned as one of the positive sides of said software. author was learning MUI. Some parts just have to be rewritten with proper MUI classes before new features can be added. * add [Frame Add] / [Frame Del] * whole animation feature is impossible to use. If you draw 2 color maybe but if you start coloring your cells then you get in trouble * pickup the entire image as a brush, not just a selection ? And consequently remove the brush from memory when one doesn't need it anymore. can pick up a brush and put it onto a new image but cropping isn't possible, nor to load/save brushes. * Undo is something I longed for ages in Lunapaint. * to import into the current layer, other types of images (e.g. JPEG) besides RAW64. * implement graphic tablet features support **GENERAL DRAWING** Miss it very much: UNDO ERASER COLORPICKER - has to show on palette too which color got picked. BACKGROUND COLOR -Possibility to select from "New project screen" Miss it somewhat: ICON for UNDO ICON for ERASER ICON for CLEAR SCREEN ( What can I say? I start over from scratch very often ) BRUSH - possibility to cut out as brush not just copy off image to brush **ANIMATING** Miss it very much: NUMBER OF CELLS - Possibity to change total no. of cells during project ANIM BRUSH - Possibility to pick up a selected part of cells into an animbrush Miss it somewhat: ADD/REMOVE FRAMES: Add/remove single frame In general LunaPaint is really well done and it feels like a new DeluxePaint version. It works with my tablet. Sure there's much missing of course but things can always be added over time. So there is great potential in LunaPaint that's for sure. Animations could be made in it and maybe put together in QuickVideo, saving in .gif or .mng etc some day. LAYERS -Layers names don't get saved globally in animation frames -Layers order don't change globally in an animation (perhaps as default?). EXPORTING IMAGES -Exporting frames to JPG/PNG gives problems with colors. (wrong colors. See my animatiopn --> My robot was blue now it's "gold" ) I think this only happens if you have layers. -Trying to flatten the layers before export doesn't work if you have animation frames only the one you have visible will flatten properly all other frames are destroyed. (Only one of the layers are visible on them) -Exporting images filenames should be for example e.g. file0001, file0002...file0010 instead as of now file1, file2...file10 LOAD/SAVE (Preferences) -Make a setting for the default "Work" folder. * Destroyed colors if exported image/frame has layers * mystic color cycling of the selected color while stepping frames back/forth (annoying) <pre> Deluxe Paint II enhanced key shortcuts NOTE: @ denotes the ALT key [Technique] F1 - Paint F2 - Single Colour F3 - Replace F4 - Smear F5 - Shade F6 - Cycle F7 - Smooth M - Colour Cycle [Brush] B - Restore O - Outline h - Halve brush size H - Double brush size x - Flip brush on X axis X - Double brush size on X axis only y - Flip on Y Y - Double on Y z - Rotate brush 90 degrees Z - Stretch [Stencil] ` - Stencil On [Miscellaneous] F9 - Info Bar F10 - Selection Bar @o - Co-Ordinates @a - Anti-alias @r - Colourise @t - Translucent TAB - Colour Cycle [Picture] L - Load S - Save j - Page to Spare(Flip) J - Page to Spare(Copy) V - View Page Q - Quit [General Keys] m - Magnify < - Zoom In > - Zoom Out [ - Palette Colour Up ] - Palette Colour Down ( - Palette Colour Left ) - Palette Colour Right , - Eye Dropper . - Pixel / Brush Toggle / - Symmetry | - Co-Ordinates INS - Perspective Control +/- - Brush Size (Fine Control) w - Unfilled Polygon W - Filled Polygon e - Unfilled Ellipse E - Filled Ellipse r - Unfilled Rectangle R - Filled Rectangle t - Type/text tool a - Select Font u/U - Undo d - Brush D - Filled Non-Uniform Polygon f/F - Fill Options g/G - Grid h/H - Brush Size (Coarse Control) K - Clear c - Unfilled Circle C - Filled Circle v - Line b - Scissor Select and Toggle B - Brush {,} - Toggle between two background colours </pre> ====Lodepaint==== Pixel based painting artwork app ====Grafx2==== Pixel based painting artwork app aesprite like [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=59Y6OTzNrhk aesprite workflow keys and tablet use], [], ====Vector Graphics VectorCrafθ==== Undo Ctrl + Z Redo Shift + Ctrl + Z Cut Ctrl + X Copy Ctrl + C Paste Ctrl + V Paste in front Ctrl + F Paste at back Ctrl + B Paste in place Shift + Ctrl + V Paste on all artboards Alt + Shift + Ctrl + V Check spelling Ctrl + I Open Color Settings Shift + Ctrl + K Open Keyboard Shortcuts Alt + Shift + Ctrl + K Open Preferences Ctrl + K Tool Shortcut Selection V Direct Selection A Pen P Type T Rectangle M Ellipse L Paintbrush B Gradient G Eyedropper I Zoom Z v - gets you to regular mouse a - direct select tool p - pen tool (negative symbol) - subtract anchor point tool (positive symbol) - add anchor point tool Shift+c - anchor point altering tool i - eye dropper tool Space bar - grab hand for moving around the document Cntrl + space bar - zoom in Cmd + opt + space bar - zoom out Cntrl + 0 (zero) - view whole artboard Cntrl + Y - toggle between artwork and preview mode Cntrl + U - smart guides on/off ctrl/alt/shift P - Offset Path Shortcut Explanation ctrl + ] moves the selected object one closer to the top ctrl + shift + ] moves the selected object straight to top ctrl + [ moves the selected object one closer to the bottom ctrl + shift + [ moves the selected object straight to bottom ====Vector Graphics ZuneFIG==== Vector Image Editing of files .svg .ps .eps *Objects - raise lower rotate flip aligning snapping *Path - unify subtract intersect exclude divide *Colour - fill stroke *Stroke - size *Brushes - *Layers - *Effects - gaussian bevels glows shadows *Text - *Transform - AmiFIG ([http://epb.lbl.gov/xfig/frm_introduction.html xfig manual]) [[File:MyScreen.png|thumb|left|alt=Showing all Windows open in AmiFIG.|All windows available to AmiFIG.]] for drawing simple to intermediate vector graphic images for scientific and technical uses and for illustration purposes for those with talent ;Menu options * Load - fig format but import(s) SVG * Save - fig format but export(s) eps, ps, pdf, svg and png * PAN = Ctrl + Arrow keys * Deselect all points There is no selected object until you apply the tool, and the selected object is not highlighted. ;Metrics - to set up page and styles - first window to open on new drawings ;Tools - Drawing Primitives - set Attributes window first before clicking any Tools button(s) * Shapes - circles, ellipses, arcs, splines, boxes, polygon * Lines - polylines * Text "T" button * Photos - bitmaps * Compound - Glue, Break, Scale * POINTs - Move, Add, Remove * Objects - Move, Copy, Delete, Mirror, Rotate, Paste use right mouse button to stop extra lines, shapes being formed and the left mouse to select/deselect tools button(s) * Rotate - moves in 90 degree turns centered on clicked POINT of a polygon or square ;Attributes which provide change(s) to the above primitives * Color * Line Width * Line Style * arrowheads ;Modes Choose from freehand, charts, figures, magnet, etc. ;Library - allows .fig clip-art to be stored * compound tools to add .fig(s) together ;FIG 3.2 [http://epb.lbl.gov/xfig/fig-format.html Format] as produced by xfig version 3.2.5 <pre> Landscape Center Inches Letter 100.00 Single -2 1200 2 4 0 0 50 -1 0 12 0.0000 4 135 1050 1050 2475 This is a test.01 </pre> # change the text alignment within the textbox. I can choose left, center, or right aligned by either changing the integer in the second column from 0 (left) to 1 or 2 (center, or right). # The third integer in the row specifies fontcolor. For instance, 0 is black, but blue is 1 and Green3 is 13. # The sixth integer in the bottom row specifies fontface. 0 is Times-Roman, but 16 is Helvetica (a MATLAB default). # The seventh number is fontsize. 12 represents a 12pt fontsize. Changing the fontsize of an item really is as easy as changing that number to 20. # The next number is the counter-clockwise angle of the text. Notice that I have changed the angle to .7854 (pi/4 rounded to four digits=45 degrees). # twelfth number is the position according to the standard “x-axis” in Xfig units from the left. Note that 1200 Xfig units is equivalent to once inch. # thirteenth number is the “y-position” from the top using the same unit convention as before. * The nested text string is what you entered into the textbox. * The “01″ present at the end of that line in the .fig file is the closing tag. For instance, a change to \100 appends a @ symbol at the end of the period of that sentence. ; Just to note there are no layers, no 3d functions, no shading, no transparency, no animation [[#top|...to the top]] ===Audio=== # AHI uses linear panning/balance, which means that in the center, you will get -6dB. If an app uses panning, this is what you will get. Note that apps like Audio Evolution need panning, so they will have this problem. # When using AHI Hifi modes, mixing is done in 32-bit and sent as 32-bit data to the driver. The Envy24HT driver uses that to output at 24-bit (always). # For the Envy24/Envy24HT, I've made 16-bit and 24-bit inputs (called Line-in 16-bit, Line-in 24-bit etc.). There is unfortunately no app that can handle 24-bit recording. ====Music Mods==== Digital module (mods) trackers are music creation software using samples and sometimes soundfonts, audio plugins (VST, AU or RTAS), MIDI. Generally, MODs are similar to MIDI in that they contain note on/off and other sequence messages that control the mod player. Unlike (most) midi files, however, they also contain sound samples that the sequence information actually plays. MOD files can have many channels (classic amiga mods have 4, corresponding to the inbuilt sound channels), but unlike MIDI, each channel can typically play only one note at once. However, since that note might be a sample of a chord, a drumloop or other complex sound, this is not as limiting as it sounds. Like MIDI, notes will play indefinitely if they're not instructed to end. Most trackers record this information automatically if you play your music in live. If you're using manual note entry, you can enter a note-off command with a keyboard shortcut - usually Caps Lock. In fact when considering file size MOD is not always the best option. Even a dummy song wastes few kilobytes for nothing when a simple SID tune could be few hundreds bytes and not bigger than 64kB. AHX is another small format, AHX tunes are never larger than 64kB excluding comments. [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rXXsZfwgil Protrekkr] (previously aka [w:Juan_Antonio_Arguelles_Rius|NoiseTrekkr]) If Protrekkr does not start, please check if the Unit 0 has been setup in the AHI prefs and still not, go to the directory utilities/protrekkr and double click on the Protrekkr icon *Sample *Note - Effect *Track (column) - Pattern - Order It all starts with the Sample which is used to create Note(s) in a Track (column of a tracker) The Note can be changed with an Effect. A Track of Note(s) can be collected into a Pattern (section of a song) and these can be given Order to create the whole song. Patience (notes have to be entered one at a time) or playing the bassline on a midi controller (faster - see midi section above). Best approach is to wait until a melody popped into your head. *Up-tempo means the track should be reasonably fast, but not super-fast. *Groovy and funky imply the track should have some sort of "swing" feel, with plenty of syncopation or off beat emphasis and a recognizable, melodic bass line. *Sweet and happy mean upbeat melodies, a major key and avoiding harsh sounds. *Moody - minor key First, create a quick bass sound, which is basically a sine wave, but can be hand drawn for a little more variance. It could also work for the melody part, too. This is usually a bass guitar or some kind of synthesizer bass. The bass line is often forgotten by inexperienced composers, but it plays an important role in a musical piece. Together with the rhythm section the bass line forms the groove of a song. It's the glue between the rhythm section and the melodic layer of a song. The drums are just pink noise samples, played at different frequencies to get a slightly different sound for the kick, snare, and hihats. Instruments that fall into the rhythm category are bass drums, snares, hi-hats, toms, cymbals, congas, tambourines, shakers, etc. Any percussive instrument can be used to form part of the rhythm section. The lead is the instrument that plays the main melody, on top of the chords. There are many instruments that can play a lead section, like a guitar, a piano, a saxophone or a flute. The list is almost endless. There is a lot of overlap with instruments that play chords. Often in one piece an instrument serves both roles. The lead melody is often played at a higher pitch than the chords. Listened back to what was produced so far, and a counter-melody can be imagined, which can be added with a triangle wave. To give the ends of phrases some life, you can add a solo part with a crunchy synth. By hitting random notes in the key of G, then edited a few of them. For the climax of the song, filled out the texture with a gentle high-pitch pad… …and a grungy bass synth. The arrow at A points at the pattern order list. As you see, the patterns don't have to be in numerical order. This song starts with pattern "00", then pattern "02", then "03", then "01", etcetera. Patterns may be repeated throughout a song. The B arrow points at the song title. Below it are the global BPM and speed parameters. These determine the tempo of the song, unless the tempo is altered through effect commands during the song. The C arrow points at the list of instruments. An instrument may consist of multiple samples. Which sample will be played depends on the note. This can be set in the Instrument Editing screen. Most instruments will consist of just one sample, though. The sample list for the selected instrument can be found under arrow D. Here's a part of the main editing screen. This is where you put in actual notes. Up to 32 channels can be used, meaning 32 sounds can play simultaneously. The first six channels of pattern "03" at order "02" are shown here. The arrow at A points at the row number. The B arrow points at the note to play, in this case a C4. The column pointed at by the C arrow tells us which instrument is associated with that note, in this case instrument #1 "Kick". The column at D is used (mainly) for volume commands. In this case it is left empty which means the instrument should play at its default volume. You can see the volume column being used in channel #6. The E column tells us which effect to use and any parameters for that effect. In this case it holds the "F" effect, which is a tempo command. The "04" means it should play at tempo 4 (a smaller number means faster). Base pattern When I create a new track I start with what I call the base pattern. It is worthwhile to spend some time polishing it as a lot of the ideas in the base pattern will be copied and used in other patterns. At least, that's how I work. Every musician will have his own way of working. In "Wild Bunnies" the base pattern is pattern "03" at order "02". In the section about selecting samples I talked about the four different categories of instruments: drums, bass, chords and leads. That's also how I usually go about making the base pattern. I start by making a drum pattern, then add a bass line, place some chords and top it off with a lead. This forms the base pattern from which the rest of the song will grow. Drums Here's a screenshot of the first four rows of the base pattern. I usually reserve the first four channels or so for the drum instruments. Right away there are a couple of tricks shown here. In the first channel the kick, or bass drum, plays some notes. Note the alternating F04 and F02 commands. The "F" command alters the tempo of the song and by quickly alternating the tempo; the song will get some kind of "swing" feel. In the second channel the closed hi-hat plays a fairly simple pattern. Further down in the channel, not shown here, some open hi-hat notes are added for a bit of variation. In the third and fourth channel the snare sample plays. The "8" command is for panning. One note is panned hard to the left and the other hard to the right. One sample is played a semitone lower than the other. This results in a cool flanging effect. It makes the snare stand out a little more in the mix. Bass line There are two different instruments used for the bass line. Instrument #6 is a pretty standard synthesized bass sound. Instrument #A sounds a bit like a slap bass when used with a quick fade out. By using two different instruments the bass line sounds a bit more ”human”. The volume command is used to cut off the notes. However, it is never set to zero. Setting the volume to a very small value will result in a reverb-like effect. This makes the song sound more "live". The bass line hints at the chords that will be played and the key the song will be in. In this case the key of the song is D-major, a positive and happy key. Chords The D major chords that are being played here are chords stabs; short sounds with a quick decay (fade out). Two different instruments (#8 and #9) are used to form the chords. These instruments are quite similar, but have a slightly different sound, panning and volume decay. Again, the reason for this is to make the sound more human. The volume command is used on some chords to simulate a delay, to achieve more of a live feel. The chords are placed off-beat making for a funky rhythm. Lead Finally the lead melody is added. The other instruments are invaluable in holding the track together, but the lead melody is usually what catches people's attention. A lot of notes and commands are used here, but it looks more complex than it is. A stepwise ascending melody plays in channel 13. Channel 14 and 15 copy this melody, but play it a few rows later at a lower volume. This creates an echo effect. A bit of panning is used on the notes to create some stereo depth. Like with the bass line, instead of cutting off notes the volume is set to low values for a reverb effect. The "461" effect adds a little vibrato to the note, which sounds nice on sustained notes. Those paying close attention may notice the instrument used here for the lead melody is the same as the one used for the bass line (#6 "Square"), except played two or three octaves higher. This instrument is a looped square wave sample. Each type of wave has its own quirks, but the square wave (shown below) is a really versatile wave form. Song structure Good, catchy songs are often carefully structured into sections, some of which are repeated throughout the song with small variations. A typical pop-song structure is: Intro - Verse - Chorus - Verse - Chorus - Bridge - Chorus. Other single sectional song structures are <pre> Strophic or AAA Song Form - oldest story telling with refrain (often title of the song) repeated in every verse section melody AABA Song Form - early popular, jazz and gospel fading during the 1960s AB or Verse/Chorus Song Form - songwriting format of choice for modern popular music since the 1960s Verse/Chorus/Bridge Song Form ABAB Song Form ABAC Song Form ABCD Song Form AAB 12-Bar Song Form - three four-bar lines or sub-sections 8-Bar Song Form 16-Bar Song Form Hybrid / Compound Song Forms </pre> The most common building blocks are: #INTRODUCTION(INTRO) #VERSE #REFRAIN #PRE-CHORUS / RISE / CLIMB #CHORUS #BRIDGE #MIDDLE EIGHT #SOLO / INSTRUMENTAL BREAK #COLLISION #CODA / OUTRO #AD LIB (OFTEN IN CODA / OUTRO) The chorus usually has more energy than the verse and often has a memorable melody line. As the chorus is repeated the most often during the song, it will be the part that people will remember. The bridge often marks a change of direction in the song. It is not uncommon to change keys in the bridge, or at least to use a different chord sequence. The bridge is used to build up tension towards the big finale, the last repetition of chorus. Playing RCTRL: Play song from row 0. LSHIFT + RCTRL: Play song from current row. RALT: Play pattern from row 0. LSHIFT + RALT: Play pattern from current row. Left mouse on '>': Play song from row 0. Right mouse on '>': Play song from current row. Left mouse on '|>': Play pattern from row 0. Right mouse on '|>': Play pattern from current row. Left mouse on 'Edit/Record': Edit mode on/off. Right mouse on 'Edit/Record': Record mode on/off. Editing LSHIFT + ESCAPE: Switch large patterns view on/off TAB: Go to next track LSHIFT + TAB: Go to prev. track LCTRL + TAB: Go to next note in track LCTRL + LSHIFT + TAB: Go to prev. note in track SPACE: Toggle Edit mode On & Off (Also stop if the song is being played) SHIFT SPACE: Toggle Record mode On & Off (Wait for a key note to be pressed or a midi in message to be received) DOWN ARROW: 1 Line down UP ARROW: 1 Line up LEFT ARROW: 1 Row left RIGHT ARROW: 1 Row right PREV. PAGE: 16 Arrows Up NEXT PAGE: 16 Arrows Down HOME / END: Top left / Bottom right of pattern LCTRL + HOME / END: First / last track F5, F6, F7, F8, F9: Jump to 0, 1/4, 2/4, 3/4, 4/4 lines of the patterns + - (Numeric keypad): Next / Previous pattern LCTRL + LEFT / RIGHT: Next / Previous pattern LCTRL + LALT + LEFT / RIGHT: Next / Previous position LALT + LEFT / RIGHT: Next / Previous instrument LSHIFT + M: Toggle mute state of the current channel LCTRL + LSHIFT + M: Solo the current track / Unmute all LSHIFT + F1 to F11: Select a tab/panel LCTRL + 1 to 4: Select a copy buffer Tracking 1st and 2nd keys rows: Upper octave row 3rd and 4th keys rows: Lower octave row RSHIFT: Insert a note off / and * (Numeric keypad) or F1 F2: -1 or +1 octave INSERT / BACKSPACE: Insert or Delete a line in current track or current selected block. LSHIFT + INSERT / BACKSPACE: Insert or Delete a line in current pattern DELETE (NOT BACKSPACE): Empty a column or a selected block. Blocks (Blocks can also be selected with the mouse by holding the right button and scrolling the pattern with the mouse wheel). LCTRL + A: Select entire current track LCTRL + LSHIFT + A: Select entire current pattern LALT + A: Select entire column note in a track LALT + LSHIFT + A: Select all notes of a track LCTRL + X: Cut the selected block and copy it into the block-buffer LCTRL + C: Copy the selected block into the block-buffer LCTRL + V: Paste the data from the block buffer into the pattern LCTRL + I: Interpolate selected data from the first to the last row of a selection LSHIFT + ARROWS PREV. PAGE NEXT PAGE: Select a block LCTRL + R: Randomize the select columns of a selection, works similar to CTRL + I (interpolating them) LCTRL + U: Transpose the note of a selection to 1 seminote higher LCTRL + D: Transpose the note of a selection to 1 seminote lower LCTRL + LSHIFT + U: Transpose the note of a selection to 1 seminote higher (only for the current instrument) LCTRL + LSHIFT + D: Transpose the note of a selection to 1 seminote lower (only for the current instrument) LCTRL + H: Transpose the note of a selection to 1 octave higher LCTRL + L: Transpose the note of a selection to 1 octave lower LCTRL + LSHIFT + H: Transpose the note of a selection to 1 octave higher (only for the current instrument) LCTRL + LSHIFT + L: Transpose the note of a selection to 1 octave lower (only for the current instrument) LCTRL + W: Save the current selection into a file Misc LALT + ENTER: Switch between full screen / windowed mode LALT + F4: Exit program (Windows only) LCTRL + S: Save current module LSHIFT + S: Switch top right panel to synths list LSHIFT + I: Switch top right panel to instruments list <pre> C-x xh xx xx hhhh Volume B-x xh xx xx hhhh Jump to A#x xh xx xx hhhh hhhh Slide F-x xh xx xx hhhh Tempo D-x xh xx xx hhhh Pattern Break G#x xh xx xx hhhh </pre> h Hex 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 0A 0B 0C 0D 0E 0F 10 11 12 13 d Dec 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 The Set Volume command: C. Input a note, then move the cursor to the effects command column and type a C. Play the pattern, and you shouldn't be able to hear the note you placed the C by. This is because the effect parameters are 00. Change the two zeros to a 40(Hex)/64(Dec), depending on what your tracker uses. Play back the pattern again, and the note should come in at full volume. The Position Jump command next. This is just a B followed by the position in the playing list that you want to jump to. One thing to remember is that the playing list always starts at 0, not 1. This command is usually in Hex. Onto the volume slide command: A. This is slightly more complex (much more if you're using a newer tracker, if you want to achieve the results here, then set slides to Amiga, not linear), due to the fact it depends on the secondary tempo. For now set a secondary tempo of 06 (you can play around later), load a long or looped sample and input a note or two. A few rows after a note type in the effect command A. For the parameters use 0F. Play back the pattern, and you should notice that when the effect kicks in, the sample drops to a very low volume very quickly. Change the effect parameters to F0, and use a low volume command on the note. Play back the pattern, and when the slide kicks in the volume of the note should increase very quickly. This because each part of the effect parameters for command A does a different thing. The first number slides the volume up, and the second slides it down. It's not recommended that you use both a volume up and volume down at the same time, due to the fact the tracker only looks for the first number that isn't set to 0. If you specify parameters of 8F, the tracker will see the 8, ignore the F, and slide the volume up. Using a slide up and down at same time just makes you look stupid. Don't do it... The Set Tempo command: F, is pretty easy to understand. You simply specify the BPM (in Hex) that you want to change to. One important thing to note is that values of lower than 20 (Hex) sets the secondary tempo rather than the primary. Another useful command is the Pattern Break: D. This will stop the playing of the current pattern and skip to the next one in the playing list. By using parameters of more than 00 you can also specify which line to begin playing from. Command 3 is Portamento to Note. This slides the currently playing note to another note, at a specified speed. The slide then stops when it reaches the desired note. <pre> C-2 1 000 - Starts the note playing --- 000 C-3 330 - Starts the slide to C-3 at a speed of 30. --- 300 - Continues the slide --- 300 - Continues the slide </pre> Once the parameters have been set, the command can be input again without any parameters, and it'll still perform the same function unless you change the parameters. This memory function allows certain commands to function correctly, such as command 5, which is the Portamento to Note and Volume Slide command. Once command 3 has been set up command 5 will simply take the parameters from that and perform a Portamento to Note. Any parameters set up for command 5 itself simply perform a Volume Slide identical to command A at the same time as the Portamento to Note. This memory function will only operate in the same channel where the original parameters were set up. There are various other commands which perform two functions at once. They will be described as we come across them. C-3 04 .. .. 09 00 ---> C-3 04 .. .. 09 00 C-3 04 .. .. 09 00 ---> C-3 04 .. .. 09 02 C-3 04 .. .. 09 00 ---> C-3 04 .. .. 09 05 C-3 04 .. .. 09 00 ---> C-3 04 .. .. 09 08 C-3 04 .. .. 09 00 ---> C-3 04 .. .. 09 0A C-3 04 .. .. 09 00 ---> C-3 04 .. .. 09 0D C-3 04 .. .. 09 10 ---> C-3 04 .. .. 09 10 (You can also switch on the Slider Rec to On, and perform parameter-live-recording, such as cutoff transitions, resonance or panning tweaking, etc..) Note: this command only works for volume/panning and fx datas columns. The next command we'll look at is the Portamento up/down: 1 and 2. Command 1 slides the pitch up at a specified speed, and 2 slides it down. This command works in a similar way to the volume slide, in that it is dependent on the secondary tempo. Both these commands have a memory dependent on each other, if you set the slide to a speed of 3 with the 1 command, a 2 command with no parameters will use the speed of 3 from the 1 command, and vice versa. Command 4 is Vibrato. Vibrato is basically rapid changes in pitch, just try it, and you'll see what I mean. Parameters are in the format of xy, where x is the speed of the slide, and y is the depth of the slide. One important point to remember is to keep your vibratos subtle and natural so a depth of 3 or less and a reasonably fast speed, around 8, is usually used. Setting the depth too high can make the part sound out of tune from the rest. Following on from command 4 is command 6. This is the Vibrato and Volume Slide command, and it has a memory like command 5, which you already know how to use. Command 7 is Tremolo. This is similar to vibrato. Rather than changing the pitch it slides the volume. The effect parameters are in exactly the same format. vibrato effect (0x1dxy) x = speed y = depth (can't be used if arpeggio (0x1b) is turned on) <pre> C-7 00 .. .. 1B37 <- Turn Arpeggio effect on --- .. .. .. 0000 --- .. .. .. 0000 --- .. .. .. 0000 --- .. .. .. 1B38 <- Change datas --- .. .. .. 0000 --- .. .. .. 0000 --- .. .. .. 0000 --- .. .. .. 1B00 <- Turn it off </pre> Command 9 is Sample Offset. This starts the playback of the sample from a different place than the start. The effect parameters specify the sample offset, but only very roughly. Say you have a sample which is 8765(Hex) bytes long, and you wanted it to play from position 4321(Hex). The effect parameter could only be as accurate as the 43 part, and it would ignore the 21. Command B is the Playing List/Order Jump command. The parameters specify the position in the Playing List/Order to jump to. When used in conjunction with command D you can specify the position and the line to play from. Command E is pretty complex, as it is used for a lot of different things, depending on what the first parameter is. Let's take a trip through each effect in order. Command E0 controls the hardware filter on an Amiga, which, as a low pass filter, cuts off the highest frequencies being played back. There are very few players and trackers on other system that simulate this function, not that you should need to use it. The second parameter, if set to 1, turns on the filter. If set to 0, the filter gets turned off. Commands E1/E2 are Fine Portamento Up/Down. Exactly the same functions as commands 1/2, except that they only slide the pitch by a very small amount. These commands have a memory the same as 1/2 as well. Command E3 sets the Glissando control. If parameters are set to 1 then when using command 3, any sliding will only use the notes in between the original note and the note being slid to. This produces a somewhat jumpier slide than usual. The best way to understand is to try it out for yourself. Produce a slow slide with command 3, listen to it, and then try using E31. Command E4 is the Set Vibrato Waveform control. This command controls how the vibrato command slides the pitch. Parameters are 0 - Sine, 1 - Ramp Down (Saw), 2 - Square. By adding 4 to the parameters, the waveform will not be restarted when a new note is played e.g. 5 - Sine without restart. Command E5 sets the Fine Tune of the instrument being played, but only for the particular note being played. It will override the default Fine Tune for the instrument. The parameters range from 0 to F, with 0 being -8 and F being +8 Fine Tune. A parameter of 8 gives no Fine Tune. If you're using a newer tracker that supports more than -8 to +8 e.g. -128 to +128, these parameters will give a rough Fine Tune, accurate to the nearest 16. Command E6 is the Jump Loop command. You mark the beginning of the part of a pattern that you want to loop with E60, and then specify with E6x the end of the loop, where x is the number of times you want it to loop. Command E7 is the Set Tremolo Waveform control. This has exactly the same parameters as command E4, except that it works for Tremolo rather than Vibrato. Command E9 is for Retriggering the note quickly. The parameter specifies the interval between the retrigs. Use a value of less than the current secondary tempo, or else the note will not get retrigged. Command EA/B are for Fine Volume Slide Up/Down. Much the same as the normal Volume Slides, except that these are easier to control since they don't depend on the secondary tempo. The parameters specify the amount to slide by e.g. if you have a sample playing at a volume of 08 (Hex) then the effect EA1 will slide this volume to 09 (Hex). A subsequent effect of EB4 would slide this volume down to 05 (Hex). Command EC is the Note Cut. This sets the volume of the currently playing note to 0 at a specified tick. The parameters should be lower than the secondary tempo or else the effect won't work. Command ED is the Note Delay. This should be used at the same time as a note is to be played, and the parameters will specify the number of ticks to delay playing the note. Again, keep the parameters lower than the secondary tempo, or the note won't get played! Command EE is the Pattern Delay. This delays the pattern for the amount of time it would take to play a certain number of rows. The parameters specify how many rows to delay for. Command EF is the Funk Repeat command. Set the sample loop to 0-1000. When EFx is used, the loop will be moved to 1000- 2000, then to 2000-3000 etc. After 9000-10000 the loop is set back to 0- 1000. The speed of the loop "movement" is defined by x. E is two times as slow as F, D is three times as slow as F etc. EF0 will turn the Funk Repeat off and reset the loop (to 0-1000). effects 0x41 and 0x42 to control the volumes of the 2 303 units There is a dedicated panel for synth parameter editing with coherent sections (osc, filter modulation, routing, so on) the interface is much nicer, much better to navigate with customizable colors, the reverb is now customizable (10 delay lines), It accepts newer types of Waves (higher bit rates, at least 24). Has a replay routine. It's pretty much your basic VA synth. The problem isn't with the sampler being to high it's the synth is tuned two octaves too low, but if you want your samples tuned down just set the base note down 2 octaves (in the instrument panel). so the synth is basically divided into 3 sections from left to right: oscillators/envelopes, then filter and LFO's, and in the right column you have mod routings and global settings. for the oscillator section you have two normal oscillators (sine, saw, square, noise), the second of which is tunable, the first one tunes with the key pressed. Attached to OSC 1 is a sub-oscillator, which is a sawtooth wave tuned one octave down. The phase modulation controls the point in the duty cycle at which the oscillator starts. The ADSR envelope sliders (grouped with oscs) are for modulation envelope 1 and 2 respectively. you can use the synth as a sampler by choosing the instrument at the top. In the filter column, the filter settings are: 1 = lowpass, 2 = highpass, 3 = off. cutoff and resonance. For the LFOs they are LFO 1 and LFO 2, the ADSR sliders in those are for the LFO itself. For the modulation routings you have ENV 1, LFO 1 for the first slider and ENV 2, LFO 2 for the second, you can cycle through the individual routings there, and you can route each modulation source to multiple destinations of course, which is another big plus for this synth. Finally the glide time is for portamento and master volume, well, the master volume... it can go quite loud. The sequencer is changed too, It's more like the one in AXS if you've used that, where you can mute tracks to re-use patterns with variation. <pre> Support for the following modules formats: 669 (Composer 669, Unis 669), AMF (DSMI Advanced Module Format), AMF (ASYLUM Music Format V1.0), APUN (APlayer), DSM (DSIK internal format), FAR (Farandole Composer), GDM (General DigiMusic), IT (Impulse Tracker), IMF (Imago Orpheus), MOD (15 and 31 instruments), MED (OctaMED), MTM (MultiTracker Module editor), OKT (Amiga Oktalyzer), S3M (Scream Tracker 3), STM (Scream Tracker), STX (Scream Tracker Music Interface Kit), ULT (UltraTracker), UNI (MikMod), XM (FastTracker 2), Mid (midi format via timidity) </pre> Possible plugin options include [http://lv2plug.in/ LV2], ====Midi - Musical Instrument Digital Interface==== A midi file typically contains music that plays on up to 16 channels (as per the midi standard), but many notes can simultaneously play on each channel (depending on the limit of the midi hardware playing it). '''Timidity''' Although usually already installed, you can uncompress the [http://www.libsdl.org/projects/SDL_mixer/ timidity.tar.gz (14MB)] into a suitable drawer like below's SYS:Extras/Audio/ assign timidity: SYS:Extras/Audio/timidity added to SYSːs/User-Startup '''WildMidi playback''' '''Audio Evolution 4 (2003) 4.0.23 (from 2012)''' *Sync Menu - CAMD Receive, Send checked *Options Menu - MIDI Machine Control - Midi Bar Display - Select CAMD MIDI in / out - Midi Remote Setup MCB Master Control Bus *Sending a MIDI start-command and a Song Position Pointer, you can synchronize audio with an external MIDI sequencer (like B&P). *B&P Receive, start AE, add AudioEvolution.ptool in Bars&Pipes track, press play / record in AE then press play in Pipes *CAMD Receive, receive MIDI start or continue commands via camd.library sync to AE *MIDI Machine Control *Midi Bar Display *Select CAMD MIDI in / out *Midi Remote Setup - open requester for external MIDI controllers to control app mixer and transport controls cc remotely Channel - mixer(vol, pan, mute, solo), eq, aux, fx, Subgroup - Volume, Mute, Solo Transport - Start, End, Play, Stop, Record, Rewind, Forward Misc - Master vol., Bank Down, Bank up <pre> q - quit First 3 already opened when AE started F1 - timeline window F2 - mixer F3 - control F4 - subgroups F5 - aux returns F6 - sample list i - Load sample to use space - start/stop play b - reset time 0:00 s - split mode r - open recording window a - automation edit mode with p panning, m mute and v volume [ / ] - zoom in / out : - previous track * - next track x c v f - cut copy paste cross-fade g - snap grid </pre> '''[http://bnp.hansfaust.de/ Bars n Pipes sequencer]''' BarsnPipes debug ... in shell Menu (right mouse) *Song - Songs load and save in .song format but option here to load/save Midi_Files .mid in FORMAT0 or FORMAT1 *Track - *Edit - *Tool - *Timing - SMTPE Synchronizing *Windows - *Preferences - Multiple MIDI-in option Windows (some of these are usually already opened when Bars n Pipes starts up for the first time) *Workflow -> Tracks, .... Song Construction, Time-line Scoring, Media Madness, Mix Maestro, *Control -> Transport (or mini one), Windows (which collects all the Windows icons together-shortcut), .... Toolbox, Accessories, Metronome, Once you have your windows placed on the screen that suits your workflow, Song -> Save as Default will save the positions, colors, icons, etc as you'd like them If you need a particular setup of Tracks, Tools, Tempos etc, you save them all as a new song you can load each time Right mouse menu -> Preferences -> Environment... -> ScreenMode - Linkages for Synch (to Slave) usbmidi.out.0 and Send (Master) usbmidi.in.0 - Clock MTC '''Tracks''' #Double-click on B&P's icon. B&P will then open with an empty Song. You can also double-click on a song icon to open a song in B&P. #Choose a track. The B&P screen will contain a Tracks Window with a number of tracks shown as pipelines (Track 1, Track 2, etc...). To choose a track, simply click on the gray box to show an arrow-icon to highlight it. This icon show whether a track is chosen or not. To the right of the arrow-icon, you can see the icon for the midi-input. If you double-click on this icon you can change the MIDI-in setup. #Choose Record for the track. To the right of the MIDI-input channel icon you can see a pipe. This leads to another clickable icon with that shows either P, R or M. This stands for Play, Record or Merge. To change the icon, simply click on it. If you choose P, this track can only play the track (you can't record anything). If you choose R, you can record what you play and it overwrites old stuff in the track. If you choose M, you merge new records with old stuff in the track. Choose R now to be able to make a record. #Chose MIDI-channel. On the most right part of the track you can see an icon with a number in it. This is the MIDI-channel selector. Here you must choose a MIDI-channel that is available on your synthesizer/keyboard. If you choose General MIDI channel 10, most synthesizer will play drum sounds. To the left of this icon is the MIDI-output icon. Double-click on this icon to change the MIDI-output configuration. #Start recording. The next step is to start recording. You must then find the control buttons (they look like buttons on a CD-player). To be able to make a record. you must click on the R icon. You can simply now press the play button (after you have pressed the R button) and play something on you keyboard. To playback your composition, press the Play button on the control panel. #Edit track. To edit a track, you simply double click in the middle part of a track. You will then get a new window containing the track, where you can change what you have recorded using tools provided. Take also a look in the drop-down menus for more features. Videos to help understand [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A6gVTX-9900 small intro], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=abq_rUTiSA4&t=3s Overview], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ixOVutKsYQo Workplace Setup CC PC Sysex], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dDnJLYPaZTs Import Song], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BC3kkzPLkv4 Tempo Mapping], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sd23kqMYPDs ptool Arpeggi-8], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LDJq-YxgwQg PlayMidi Song], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DY9Pu5P9TaU Amiga Midi], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=abq_rUTiSA4 Learning Amiga bars and Pipes], Groups like [https://groups.io/g/barsnpipes/topics this] could help '''Tracks window''' * blue "1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Group" and transport tape deck VCR-type controls * Flags * [http://theproblem.alco-rhythm.com/org/bp.html Track 1, Track2, to Track 16, on each Track there are many options that can be activated] Each Track has a *Left LHS - Click in grey box to select what Track to work on, Midi-In ptool icon should be here (5pin plug icon), and many more from the Toolbox on the Input Pipeline *Middle - (P, R, M) Play, Record, Merge/Multi before the sequencer line and a blue/red/yellow (Thru Mute Play) Tap *Right RHS - Output pipeline, can have icons placed uopn it with the final ptool icon(s) being the 5pin icon symbol for Midi-OUT Clogged pipelines may need Esc pressed several times '''Toolbox (tools affect the chosen pipeline)''' After opening the Toolbox window you can add extra Tools (.ptool) for the pipelines like keyboard(virtual), midimonitor, quick patch, transpose, triad, (un)quantize, feedback in/out, velocity etc right mouse -> Toolbox menu option -> Install Tool... and navigate to Tool drawer (folder) and select requried .ptool Accompany B tool to get some sort of rythmic accompaniment, Rythm Section and Groove Quantize are examples of other tools that make use of rythms [https://aminet.net/search?query=bars Bars & Pipes pattern format .ptrn] for drawer (folder). Load from the Menu as Track or Group '''Accessories (affect the whole app)''' Accessories -> Install... and goto the Accessories drawer for .paccess like adding ARexx scripting support '''Song Construction''' <pre> F1 Pencil F2 Magic Wand F3 Hand F4 Duplicator F5 Eraser F6 Toolpad F7 Bounding box F8 Lock to A-B-A A-B-A strip, section, edit flags, white boxes, </pre> Bars&Pipes Professional offers three track formats; basic song tracks, linear tracks — which don't loop — and finally real‑time tracks. The difference between them is that both song and linear tracks respond to tempo changes, while real‑time tracks use absolute timing, always trigger at the same instant regardless of tempo alterations '''Tempo Map''' F1 Pencil F2 Magic Wand F3 Hand F4 Eraser F5 Curve F6 Toolpad Compositions Lyrics, Key, Rhythm, Time Signature '''Master Parameters''' Key, Scale/Mode '''Track Parameters''' Dynamics '''Time-line Scoring''' '''Media Madness''' '''Mix Maestro''' *ACCESSORIES Allows the importation of other packages and additional modules *CLIPBOARD Full cut, copy and paste operations, enabling user‑definable clips to be shared between tracks. *INFORMATION A complete rundown on the state of the current production and your machine. *MASTER PARAMETERS Enables global definition of time signatures, lyrics, scales, chords, dynamics and rhythm changes. *MEDIA MADNESS A complete multimedia sequencer which allows samples, stills, animation, etc *METRONOME Tempo feedback via MIDI, internal Amiga audio and colour cycling — all three can be mixed and matched as required. *MIX MAESTRO Completely automated mixdown with control for both volume and pan. All fader alterations are memorised by the software *RECORD ACTIVATION Complete specification of the data to be recorded/merged. Allows overdubbing of pitch‑bend, program changes, modulation etc *SET FLAGS Numeric positioning of location and edit flags in either SMPTE or musical time *SONG CONSTRUCTION Large‑scale cut and paste of individual measures, verses or chorus, by means of bounding box and drag‑n‑drop mouse selections *TEMPO MAP Tempo change using a variety of linear and non‑linear transition curves *TEMPO PALETTE Instant tempo changes courtesy of four user‑definable settings. *TIMELINE SCORING Sequencing of a selection of songs over a defined period — ideal for planning an entire set for a live performance. *TOOLBOX Selection screen for the hundreds of signal‑processing tools available *TRACKS Opens the main track window to enable recording, editing and the use of tools. *TRANSPORT Main playback control window, which also provides access to user‑ defined flags, loop and punch‑in record modes. Bars and Pipes Pro 2.5 is using internal 4-Byte IDs, to check which kind of data are currently processed. Especially in all its files the IDs play an important role. The IDs are stored into the file in the same order they are laid out in the memory. In a Bars 'N' Pipes file (no matter which kind) the ID "NAME" (saved as its ANSI-values) is stored on a big endian system (68k-computer) as "NAME". On a little endian system (x86 PC computer) as "EMAN". The target is to make the AROS-BnP compatible to songs, which were stored on a 68k computer (AMIGA). If possible, setting MIDI channels for Local Control for your keyboard http://www.fromwithin.com/liquidmidi/archive.shtml MIDI files are essentially a stream of event data. An event can be many things, but typically "note on", "note off", "program change", "controller change", or messages that instruct a MIDI compatible synth how to play a given bit of music. * Channel - 1 to 16 - * Messages - PC presets, CC effects like delays, reverbs, etc * Sequencing - MIDI instruments, Drums, Sound design, * Recording - * GUI - Piano roll or Tracker, Staves and Notes MIDI events/messages like step entry e.g. Note On, Note Off MIDI events/messages like PB, PC, CC, Mono and Poly After-Touch, Sysex, etc MIDI sync - Midi Clocks (SPS Measures), Midi Time Code (h, m, s and frames) SMPTE Individual track editing with audition edits so easier to test any changes. Possible to stop track playback, mix clips from the right edit flag and scroll the display using arrow keys. Step entry, to extend a selected note hit the space bar and the note grows accordingly. Ability to cancel mouse‑driven edits by simply clicking the right mouse button — at which point everything snaps back into its original form. Lyrics can now be put in with syllable dividers, even across an entire measure or section. Autoranging when you open a edit window, the notes are automatically displayed — working from the lowest upwards. Flag editing, shift‑click on a flag immediately open the bounds window, ready for numeric input. Ability to cancel edits using the right‑hand mouse button, plus much improved Bounding Box operations. Icons other than the BarsnPipes icon -> PUBSCREEN=BarsnPipes (cannot choose modes higher than 8bit 256 colors) Preferences -> Menu in Tracks window - Send MIDI defaults OFF Prefs -> Environment -> screenmode (saved to BarsnPipes.prefs binary file) Customization -> pics in gui drawer (folder) - Can save as .song files and .mid General Midi SMF is a “Standard Midi File” ([http://www.music.mcgill.ca/~ich/classes/mumt306/StandardMIDIfileformat.html SMF0, SMF1 and SMF2]), [https://github.com/stump/libsmf libsmf], [https://github.com/markc/midicomp MIDIcomp], [https://github.com/MajicDesigns/MD_MIDIFile C++ src], [], [https://github.com/newdigate/midi-smf-reader Midi player], * SMF0 All MIDI data is stored in one track only, separated exclusively by the MIDI channel. * SMF1 The MIDI data is stored in separate tracks/channels. * SMF2 (rarely used) The MIDI data is stored in separate tracks, which are additionally wrapped in containers, so it's possible to have e.g. several tracks using the same MIDI channels. Would it be possible to enrich Bars N’Pipes with software synth and sample support along with audio recording and mastering tools like in the named MAC or PC music sequencers? On the classic AMIGA-OS this is not possible because of missing CPU-power. The hardware of the classic AMIGA is not further developed. So we must say (unfortunately) that those dreams can’t become reality BarsnPipes is best used with external MIDI-equipment. This can be a keyboard or synthesizer with MIDI-connectors. <pre> MIDI can control 16 channels There are USB-MIDI-Interfaces on the market with 16 independent MIDI-lines (multi-port), which can handle 16 MIDI devices independently – 16×16 = 256 independent MIDI-channels or instruments handle up to 16 different USB-MIDI-Interfaces (multi-device). That is: 16X16X16 = 4096 independent MIDI-channels – theoretically </pre> <pre> Librarian MIDI SYStem EXplorer (sysex) - PatchEditor and used to be supplied as a separate program like PatchMeister but currently not at present It should support MIDI.library (PD), BlueRibbon.library (B&P), TriplePlayPlus, and CAMD.library (DeluxeMusic) and MIDI information from a device's user manual and configure a custom interface to access parameters for all MIDI products connected to the system Supports ALL MIDI events and the Patch/Librarian data is stored in MIDI standard format Annette M.Crowling, Missing Link Software, Inc. </pre> Composers <pre> [https://x.com/hirasawa/status/1403686519899054086 Susumu Hirasawa] </pre> <pre> 1988 Todor Fay and his wife Melissa Jordan Gray, who founded the Blue Ribbon Inc 1992 Bars&Pipes Pro published November 2000, Todor Fay announcement to release the sourcecode of Bars&Pipes Pro 2.5c beta end of May 2001, the source of the main program and the sources of some tools and accessories were in a complete and compileable state end of October 2009 stop further development of BarsnPipes New for now on all supported systems and made freeware 2013 Alfred Faust diagnosed with incureable illness, called „Myastenia gravis“ (weak muscles) </pre> Protrekkr How to use Midi In/Out in Protrekkr ? First of all, midi in & out capabilities of this program are rather limited. # Go to Misc. Setup section and select a midi in or out device to use (ptk only supports one device at a time). # Go to instrument section, and select a MIDI PRG (the default is N/A, which means no midi program selected). # Go to track section and here you can assign a midi channel to each track of ptk. # Play notes :]. Note off works. F'x' note cut command also works too, and note-volume command (speed) is supported. Also, you can change midicontrollers in the tracker, using '90' in the panning row: <pre> C-3 02 .. .. 0000.... --- .. .. 90 xxyy.... << This will set the value --- .. .. .. 0000.... of the controller n.'xx' to 'yy' (both in hex) --- .. .. .. 0000.... </pre> So "--- .. .. 90 2040...." will set the controller number $20(32) to $40(64). You will need the midi implementation table of your gear to know what you can change with midi controller messages. N.B. Not all MIDI devices are created equal! Although the MIDI specification defines a large range of MIDI messages of various kinds, not every MIDI device is required to work in exactly the same way and respond to all the available messages and ways of working. For example, we don't expect a wind synthesiser to work in the same way as a home keyboard. Some devices, the older ones perhaps, are only able to respond to a single channel. With some of those devices that channel can be altered from the default of 1 (probably) to another channel of the 16 possible. Other devices, for instance monophonic synthesisers, are capable of producing just one note at a time, on one MIDI channel. Others can produce many notes spread across many channels. Further devices can respond to, and transmit, "breath controller" data (MIDI controller number 2 (CC#2)) others may respond to the reception of CC#2 but not be able to create and to send it. A controller keyboard may be capable of sending "expression pedal" data, but another device may not be capable of responding to that message. Some devices just have the basic GM sound set. The "voice" or "instrument" is selected using a "Program Change" message on its own. Other devices have a greater selection of voices, usually arranged in "banks", and the choice of instrument is made by responding to "Bank Select MSB" (MIDI controller 0 (CC#0)), others use "Bank Select LSB" (MIDI controller number 32 (CC#32)), yet others use both MSB and LSB sent one after the other, all followed by the Program Change message. The detailed information about all the different voices will usually be available in a published MIDI Data List. MIDI Implementation Chart But in the User Manual there is sometimes a summary of how the device works, in terms of MIDI, in the chart at the back of the manual, the MIDI Implementation Chart. If you require two devices to work together you can compare the two implementation charts to see if they are "compatible". In order to do this we will need to interpret that chart. The chart is divided into four columns headed "Function", "Transmitted" (or "Tx"), "Received" (or "Rx"), or more correctly "Recognised", and finally, "Remarks". <pre> The left hand column defines which MIDI functions are being described. The 2nd column defines what the device in question is capable of transmitting to another device. The 3rd column defines what the device is capable of responding to. The 4th column is for explanations of the values contained within these previous two columns. </pre> There should then be twelve sections, with possibly a thirteenth containing extra "Notes". Finally there should be an explanation of the four MIDI "modes" and what the "X" and the "O" mean. <pre> Mode 1: Omni On, Poly; Mode 2: Omni On, Mono; Mode 3: Omni Off, Poly; Mode 4: Omni Off, Mono. </pre> O means "yes" (implemented), X means "no" (not implemented). Sometimes you will find a row of asterisks "**************", these seem to indicate that the data is not applicable in this case. Seen in the transmitted field only (unless you've seen otherwise). Lastly you may find against some entries an asterisk followed by a number e.g. *1, these will refer you to further information, often on a following page, giving more detail. Basic Channel But the very first set of boxes will tell us the "Basic Channel(s)" that the device sends or receives on. "Default" is what happens when the device is first turned on, "changed" is what a switch of some kind may allow the device to be set to. For many devices e.g. a GM sound module or a home keyboard, this would be 1-16 for both. That is it can handle sending and receiving on all MIDI channels. On other devices, for example a synthesiser, it may by default only work on channel 1. But the keyboard could be "split" with the lower notes e.g. on channel 2. If the synth has an arppegiator, this may be able to be set to transmit and or receive on yet another channel. So we might see the default as "1" but the changed as "1-16". Modes. We need to understand Omni On and Off, and Mono and Poly, then we can decipher the four modes. But first we need to understand that any of these four Mode messages can be sent to any MIDI channel. They don't necessarily apply to the whole device. If we send an "Omni On" message (CC#125) to a MIDI channel of a device, we are, in effect, asking it to respond to e.g. a Note On / Off message pair, received on any of the sixteen channels. Sound strange? Read it again. Still strange? It certainly is. We normally want a MIDI channel to respond only to Note On / Off messages sent on that channel, not any other. In other words, "Omni Off". So "Omni Off" (CC#124) tells a channel of our MIDI device to respond only to messages sent on that MIDI channel. "Poly" (CC#127) is for e.g. a channel of a polyphonic sound module, or a home keyboard, to be able to respond to many simultaneous Note On / Off message pairs at once and produce musical chords. "Mono" (CC#126) allows us to set a channel to respond as if it were e.g. a flute or a trumpet, playing just one note at a time. If the device is capable of it, then the overlapping of notes will produce legato playing, that is the attack portion of the second note of two overlapping notes will be removed resulting in a "smoother" transition. So a channel with a piano voice assigned to it will have Omni Off, Poly On (Mode 3), a channel with a saxophone voice assigned could be Omni Off, Mono On (Mode 4). We call these combinations the four modes, 1 to 4, as defined above. Most modern devices will have their channels set to Mode 3 (Omni Off, Poly) but be switchable, on a per channel basis, to Mode 4 (Omni Off, Mono). This second section of data will include first its default value i.e. upon device switch on. Then what Mode messages are acceptable, or X if none. Finally, in the "Altered" field, how a Mode message that can't be implemented will be interpreted. Usually there will just be a row of asterisks effectively meaning nothing will be done if you try to switch to an unimplemented mode. Note Number <pre> The next row will tell us which MIDI notes the device can send or receive, normally 0-127. The second line, "True Voice" has the following in the MIDI specification: "Range of received note numbers falling within the range of true notes produced by the instrument." My interpretation is that, for instance, a MIDI piano may be capable of sending all MIDI notes (0 to 127) by transposition, but only responding to the 88 notes (21 to 108) of a real piano. </pre> Velocity This will tell us whether the device we're looking at will handle note velocity, and what range from 1-127, or maybe just 64, it transmits or will recognise. So usually "O" plus a range or "X" for not implemented. After touch This may have one or two lines two it. If a one liner the either "O" or "X", yes or no. If a two liner then it may include "Keys" or "Poly" and "Channel". This will show whether the device will respond to Polyphonic after touch or channel after touch or neither. Pitch Bend Again "O" for implemented, "X" for not implemented. (Many stage pianos will have no pitch bend capability.) It may also, in the notes section, state whether it will respond to the full 14 bits, or not, as usually encoded by the pitch bend wheel. Control Change This is likely to be the largest section of the chart. It will list all those controllers, starting from CC#0, Bank Select MSB, which the device is capable of sending, and those that it will respond to using "O" or "X" respectively. You will, almost certainly, get some further explanation of functionality in the remarks column, or in more detail elsewhere in the documentation. Of course you will need to know what all the various controller numbers do. Lots of the official technical specifications can be found at the [www.midi.org/techspecs/ MMA], with the table of messages and control change [www.midi.org/techspecs/midimessages.php message numbers] Program Change Again "O" or "X" in the Transmitted or Recognised column to indicate whether or not the feature is implemented. In addition a range of numbers is shown, typically 0-127, to show what is available. True # (number): "The range of the program change numbers which correspond to the actual number of patches selected." System Exclusive Used to indicate whether or not the device can send or recognise System Exclusive messages. A short description is often given in the Remarks field followed by a detailed explanation elsewhere in the documentation. System Common - These include the following: <pre> MIDI Time Code Quarter Frame messages (device synchronisation). Song Position Pointer Song Select Tune Request </pre> The section will indicate whether or not the device can send or respond to any of these messages. System Real Time These include the following: <pre> Timing Clock - often just written as "Clock" Start Stop Continue </pre> These three are usually just referred to as "Commands" and listed. Again the section will indicate which, if any, of these messages the device can send or respond to. <pre> Aux. Messages Again "O" or "X" for implemented or not. Aux. = Auxiliary. Active Sense = Active Sensing. </pre> Often with an explanation of the action of the device. Notes The "Notes" section can contain any additional comments to clarify the particular implementation. Some of the explanations have been drawn directly from the MMA MIDI 1.0 Detailed Specification. And the detailed explanation of some of the functions will be found there, or in the General MIDI System Level 1 or General MIDI System Level 2 documents also published by the MMA. OFFICIAL MIDI SPECIFICATIONS SUMMARY OF MIDI MESSAGES Table 1 - Summary of MIDI Messages The following table lists the major MIDI messages in numerical (binary) order (adapted from "MIDI by the Numbers" by D. Valenti, Electronic Musician 2/88, and updated by the MIDI Manufacturers Association.). This table is intended as an overview of MIDI, and is by no means complete. WARNING! Details about implementing these messages can dramatically impact compatibility with other products. We strongly recommend consulting the official MIDI Specifications for additional information. MIDI 1.0 Specification Message Summary Channel Voice Messages [nnnn = 0-15 (MIDI Channel Number 1-16)] {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="10%" |Status D7----D0 ! width="10%" |Data Byte(s) D7----D0 ! width="20%" |Description |- |<!--Status-->1000nnnn || <!--Data-->0kkkkkkk 0vvvvvvv || <!--Description-->Note Off event. This message is sent when a note is released (ended). (kkkkkkk) is the key (note) number. (vvvvvvv) is the velocity. |- |<!--Status-->1001nnnn || <!--Data-->0kkkkkkk 0vvvvvvv || <!--Description-->Note On event. This message is sent when a note is depressed (start). (kkkkkkk) is the key (note) number. (vvvvvvv) is the velocity. |- |<!--Status-->1010nnnn || <!--Data-->0kkkkkkk 0vvvvvvv || <!--Description-->Polyphonic Key Pressure (Aftertouch). This message is most often sent by pressing down on the key after it "bottoms out". (kkkkkkk) is the key (note) number. (vvvvvvv) is the pressure value. |- |<!--Status-->1011nnnn || <!--Data-->0ccccccc 0vvvvvvv || <!--Description-->Control Change. This message is sent when a controller value changes. Controllers include devices such as pedals and levers. Controller numbers 120-127 are reserved as "Channel Mode Messages" (below). (ccccccc) is the controller number (0-119). (vvvvvvv) is the controller value (0-127). |- |<!--Status-->1100nnnn || <!--Data-->0ppppppp || <!--Description-->Program Change. This message sent when the patch number changes. (ppppppp) is the new program number. |- |<!--Status-->1101nnnn || <!--Data-->0vvvvvvv || <!--Description-->Channel Pressure (After-touch). This message is most often sent by pressing down on the key after it "bottoms out". This message is different from polyphonic after-touch. Use this message to send the single greatest pressure value (of all the current depressed keys). (vvvvvvv) is the pressure value. |- |<!--Status-->1110nnnn || <!--Data-->0lllllll 0mmmmmmm || <!--Description-->Pitch Bend Change. This message is sent to indicate a change in the pitch bender (wheel or lever, typically). The pitch bender is measured by a fourteen bit value. Center (no pitch change) is 2000H. Sensitivity is a function of the receiver, but may be set using RPN 0. (lllllll) are the least significant 7 bits. (mmmmmmm) are the most significant 7 bits. |} Channel Mode Messages (See also Control Change, above) {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="10%" |Status D7----D0 ! width="10%" |Data Byte(s) D7----D0 ! width="20%" |Description |- |<!--Status-->1011nnnn || <!--Data-->0ccccccc 0vvvvvvv || <!--Description-->Channel Mode Messages. This the same code as the Control Change (above), but implements Mode control and special message by using reserved controller numbers 120-127. The commands are: *All Sound Off. When All Sound Off is received all oscillators will turn off, and their volume envelopes are set to zero as soon as possible c = 120, v = 0: All Sound Off *Reset All Controllers. When Reset All Controllers is received, all controller values are reset to their default values. (See specific Recommended Practices for defaults) c = 121, v = x: Value must only be zero unless otherwise allowed in a specific Recommended Practice. *Local Control. When Local Control is Off, all devices on a given channel will respond only to data received over MIDI. Played data, etc. will be ignored. Local Control On restores the functions of the normal controllers. c = 122, v = 0: Local Control Off c = 122, v = 127: Local Control On * All Notes Off. When an All Notes Off is received, all oscillators will turn off. c = 123, v = 0: All Notes Off (See text for description of actual mode commands.) c = 124, v = 0: Omni Mode Off c = 125, v = 0: Omni Mode On c = 126, v = M: Mono Mode On (Poly Off) where M is the number of channels (Omni Off) or 0 (Omni On) c = 127, v = 0: Poly Mode On (Mono Off) (Note: These four messages also cause All Notes Off) |} System Common Messages System Messages (0xF0) The final status nybble is a “catch all” for data that doesn’t fit the other statuses. They all use the most significant nybble (4bits) of 0xF, with the least significant nybble indicating the specific category. The messages are denoted when the MSB of the second nybble is 1. When that bit is a 0, the messages fall into two other subcategories. System Common If the MSB of the second second nybble (4 bits) is not set, this indicates a System Common message. Most of these are messages that include some additional data bytes. System Common Messages Type Status Byte Number of Data Bytes Usage <pre> Time Code Quarter Frame 0xF1 1 Indicates timing using absolute time code, primarily for synthronization with video playback systems. A single location requires eight messages to send the location in an encoded hours:minutes:seconds:frames format*. Song Position 0xF2 2 Instructs a sequencer to jump to a new position in the song. The data bytes form a 14-bit value that expresses the location as the number of sixteenth notes from the start of the song. Song Select 0xF3 1 Instructs a sequencer to select a new song. The data byte indicates the song. Undefined 0xF4 0 Undefined 0xF5 0 Tune Request 0xF6 0 Requests that the receiver retunes itself**. </pre> *MIDI Time Code (MTC) is significantly complex. Please see the MIDI Specification **While modern digital instruments are good at staying in tune, older analog synthesizers were prone to tuning drift. Some analog synthesizers had an automatic tuning operation that could be initiated with this command. System Exclusive If you’ve been keeping track, you’ll notice there are two status bytes not yet defined: 0xf0 and 0xf7. These are used by the System Exclusive message, often abbreviated at SysEx. SysEx provides a path to send arbitrary data over a MIDI connection. There is a group of predefined messages for complex data, like fine grained control of MIDI Time code machinery. SysEx is also used to send manufacturer defined data, such as patches, or even firmware updates. System Exclusive messages are longer than other MIDI messages, and can be any length. The messages are of the following format: 0xF0, 0xID, 0xdd, ...... 0xF7 The message is bookended with distinct bytes. It opens with the Start Of Exclusive (SOX) data byte, 0xF0. The next one to three bytes after the start are an identifier. Values from 0x01 to 0x7C are one-byte vendor IDs, assigned to manufacturers who were involved with MIDI at the beginning. If the ID is 0x00, it’s a three-byte vendor ID - the next two bytes of the message are the value. <pre> ID 0x7D is a placeholder for non-commercial entities. ID 0x7E indicates a predefined Non-realtime SysEx message. ID 0x7F indicates a predefined Realtime SysEx message. </pre> After the ID is the data payload, sent as a stream of bytes. The transfer concludes with the End of Exclusive (EOX) byte, 0xF7. The payload data must follow the guidelines for MIDI data bytes – the MSB must not be set, so only 7 bits per byte are actually usable. If the MSB is set, it falls into three possible scenarios. An End of Exclusive byte marks the ordinary termination of the SysEx transfer. System Real Time messages may occur within the transfer without interrupting it. The recipient should handle them independently of the SysEx transfer. Other status bytes implicitly terminate the SysEx transfer and signal the start of new messages. Some inexpensive USB-to-MIDI interfaces aren’t capable of handling messages longer than four bytes. {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="10%" |Status D7----D0 ! width="10%" |Data Byte(s) D7----D0 ! width="20%" |Description |- |<!--Status-->11110000 || <!--Data-->0iiiiiii [0iiiiiii 0iiiiiii] 0ddddddd --- --- 0ddddddd 11110111 || <!--Description-->System Exclusive. This message type allows manufacturers to create their own messages (such as bulk dumps, patch parameters, and other non-spec data) and provides a mechanism for creating additional MIDI Specification messages. The Manufacturer's ID code (assigned by MMA or AMEI) is either 1 byte (0iiiiiii) or 3 bytes (0iiiiiii 0iiiiiii 0iiiiiii). Two of the 1 Byte IDs are reserved for extensions called Universal Exclusive Messages, which are not manufacturer-specific. If a device recognizes the ID code as its own (or as a supported Universal message) it will listen to the rest of the message (0ddddddd). Otherwise, the message will be ignored. (Note: Only Real-Time messages may be interleaved with a System Exclusive.) |- |<!--Status-->11110001 || <!--Data-->0nnndddd || <!--Description-->MIDI Time Code Quarter Frame. nnn = Message Type dddd = Values |- |<!--Status-->11110010 || <!--Data-->0lllllll 0mmmmmmm || <!--Description-->Song Position Pointer. This is an internal 14 bit register that holds the number of MIDI beats (1 beat= six MIDI clocks) since the start of the song. l is the LSB, m the MSB. |- |<!--Status-->11110011 || <!--Data-->0sssssss || <!--Description-->Song Select. The Song Select specifies which sequence or song is to be played. |- |<!--Status-->11110100 || <!--Data--> || <!--Description-->Undefined. (Reserved) |- |<!--Status-->11110101 || <!--Data--> || <!--Description-->Undefined. (Reserved) |- |<!--Status-->11110110 || <!--Data--> || <!--Description-->Tune Request. Upon receiving a Tune Request, all analog synthesizers should tune their oscillators. |- |<!--Status-->11110111 || <!--Data--> || <!--Description-->End of Exclusive. Used to terminate a System Exclusive dump. |} System Real-Time Messages {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="10%" |Status D7----D0 ! width="10%" |Data Byte(s) D7----D0 ! width="20%" |Description |- |<!--Status-->11111000 || <!--Data--> || <!--Description-->Timing Clock. Sent 24 times per quarter note when synchronization is required. |- |<!--Status-->11111001 || <!--Data--> || <!--Description-->Undefined. (Reserved) |- |<!--Status-->11111010 || <!--Data--> || <!--Description-->Start. Start the current sequence playing. (This message will be followed with Timing Clocks). |- |<!--Status-->11111011 || <!--Data--> || <!--Description-->Continue. Continue at the point the sequence was Stopped. |- |<!--Status-->11111100 || <!--Data--> || <!--Description-->Stop. Stop the current sequence. |- |<!--Status-->11111101 || <!--Data--> || <!--Description-->Undefined. (Reserved) |- |<!--Status-->11111110 || <!--Data--> || <!--Description-->Active Sensing. This message is intended to be sent repeatedly to tell the receiver that a connection is alive. Use of this message is optional. When initially received, the receiver will expect to receive another Active Sensing message each 300ms (max), and if it does not then it will assume that the connection has been terminated. At termination, the receiver will turn off all voices and return to normal (non- active sensing) operation. |- |<!--Status-->11111111 || <!--Data--> || <!--Description-->Reset. Reset all receivers in the system to power-up status. This should be used sparingly, preferably under manual control. In particular, it should not be sent on power-up. |} Advanced Messages Polyphonic Pressure (0xA0) and Channel Pressure (0xD0) Some MIDI controllers include a feature known as Aftertouch. While a key is being held down, the player can press harder on the key. The controller measures this, and converts it into MIDI messages. Aftertouch comes in two flavors, with two different status messages. The first flavor is polyphonic aftertouch, where every key on the controller is capable of sending its own independent pressure information. The messages are of the following format: <pre> 0xnc, 0xkk, 0xpp n is the status (0xA) c is the channel nybble kk is the key number (0 to 127) pp is the pressure value (0 to 127) </pre> Polyphonic aftertouch is an uncommon feature, usually found on premium quality instruments, because every key requires a separate pressure sensor, plus the circuitry to read them all. Much more commonly found is channel aftertouch. Instead of needing a discrete sensor per key, it uses a single, larger sensor to measure pressure on all of the keys as a group. The messages omit the key number, leaving a two-byte format <pre> 0xnc, 0xpp n is the status (0xD) c is the channel number pp is the pressure value (0 to 127) </pre> Pitch Bend (0xE0) Many keyboards have a wheel or lever towards the left of the keys for pitch bend control. This control is usually spring-loaded, so it snaps back to the center of its range when released. This allows for both upward and downward bends. Pitch Bend Wheel The wheel sends pitch bend messages, of the format <pre> 0xnc, 0xLL, 0xMM n is the status (0xE) c is the channel number LL is the 7 least-significant bits of the value MM is the 7 most-significant bits of the value </pre> You’ll notice that the bender data is actually 14 bits long, transmitted as two 7-bit data bytes. This means that the recipient needs to reassemble those bytes using binary manipulation. 14 bits results in an overall range of 214, or 0 to 16,383. Because it defaults to the center of the range, the default value for the bender is halfway through that range, at 8192 (0x2000). Control Change (0xB0) In addition to pitch bend, MIDI has provisions for a wider range of expressive controls, sometimes known as continuous controllers, often abbreviated CC. These are transmitted by the remaining knobs and sliders on the keyboard controller shown below. Continuous Controllers These controls send the following message format: <pre> 0xnc, 0xcc, 0xvv n is the status (0xB) c is the MIDI channel cc is the controller number (0-127) vv is the controller value (0-127) </pre> Typically, the wheel next to the bender sends controller number one, assigned to modulation (or vibrato) depth. It is implemented by most instruments. The remaining controller number assignments are another point of confusion. The MIDI specification was revised in version 2.0 to assign uses for many of the controllers. However, this implementation is not universal, and there are ranges of unassigned controllers. On many modern MIDI devices, the controllers are assignable. On the controller keyboard shown in the photos, the various controls can be configured to transmit different controller numbers. Controller numbers can be mapped to particular parameters. Virtual synthesizers frequently allow the user to assign CCs to the on-screen controls. This is very flexible, but it might require configuration on both ends of the link and completely bypasses the assignments in the standard. Program Change (0xC0) Most synthesizers have patch storage memory, and can be told to change patches using the following command: <pre> 0xnc, 0xpp n is the status (0xc) c is the channel pp is the patch number (0-127) </pre> This allows for 128 sounds to be selected, but modern instruments contain many more than 128 patches. Controller #0 is used as an additional layer of addressing, interpreted as a “bank select” command. Selecting a sound on such an instrument might involve two messages: a bank select controller message, then a program change. Audio & Midi are not synchronized, what I can do ? Buy a commercial software package but there is a nasty trick to synchronize both. It's a bit hardcore but works for me: Simply put one line down to all midi notes on your pattern (use Insert key) and go to 'Misc. Setup', adjust the latency and just search a value that will make sound sync both audio/midi. The stock Sin/Saw/Pulse and Rnd waveforms are too simple/common, is there a way to use something more complex/rich ? You have to ability to redirect the waveforms of the instruments through the synth pipe by selecting the "wav" option for the oscillator you're using for this synth instrument, samples can be used as wavetables to replace the stock signals. Sound banks like soundfont (sf2) or Kontakt2 are not supported at the moment ====DAW Audio Evolution 4==== Audio Evolution 4 gives you unsurpassed power for digital audio recording and editing on the Amiga. The latest release focusses on time-saving non-linear and non-destructive editing, as seen on other platforms. Besides editing, Audio Evolution 4 offers a wide range of realtime effects, including compression, noise gate, delays, reverb, chorus and 3-band EQ. Whether you put them as inserts on a channel or use them as auxillaries, the effect parameters are realtime adjustable and can be fully automated. Together with all other mixing parameters, they can even be controlled remotely, using more ergonomic MIDI hardware. Non-linear editing on the time line, including cut, copy, paste, move, split, trim and crossfade actions The number of tracks per project(s) is unlimited .... AHI limits you to recording only two at a time. i.e. not on 8 track sound cards like the Juli@ or Phase 88. sample file import is limited to 16bit AIFF (not AIFC, important distinction as some files from other sources can be AIFC with aiff file extension). and 16bit WAV (pcm only) Most apps use the Music Unit only but a few apps also use Unit (0-3) instead or as well. * Set up AHI prefs so that microphone is available. (Input option near the bottom) stereo++ allows the audio piece to be placed anywhere and the left-right adjusted to sound positionally right hifi best for music playback if driver supports this option Load 16bit .aif .aiff only sample(s) to use not AIFC which can have the same ending. AIFF stands for Audio Interchange File Format sox recital.wav recital.aiff sox recital.wav −b 16 recital.aiff channels 1 rate 16k fade 3 norm sox input.wav output.aiff bass −b 16 rate 48k performs the same format translation, but also applies four effects (down-mix to one channel, sample rate change, fade-in, nomalize), and stores the result at a bit-depth of 16. rec −c 2 radio.aiff trim 0 30:00 records half an hour of stereo audio play existing-file.wav 24bit PCM WAV or AIFF do not work *No stream format handling. So no way to pass on an AC3 encoded stream unmodified to the digital outputs through AHI. *No master volume handling. Each application has to set its own volume. So each driver implements its own custom driver-mixer interface for handling master volumes, mute and preamps. *Only one output stream. So all input gets mixed into one output. *No automatic handling of output direction based on connected cables. *No monitor input selection. Only monitor volume control. select the correct input (Don't mistake enabled sound for the correct input.) The monitor will feedback audio to the lineout and hp out no matter if you have selected the correct input to the ADC. The monitor will provide sound for any valid input. This will result in free mixing when recording from the monitor input instead of mic/line because the monitor itself will provide the hardware mixing for you. Be aware that MIC inputs will give two channel mono. Only Linein will give real stereo. Now for the not working part. Attempt to record from linein in the AE4 record window, the right channel is noise and the left channel is distorted. Even with the recommended HIFI 16bit Stereo++ mode at 48kHz. Channels Monitor Gain Inout Output Advanced settings - Debugging via serial port * Options -> Soundcard In/Out * Options -> SampleRate * Options -> Preferences F6 for Sample File List Setting a grid is easy as is measuring the BPM by marking a section of the sample. Is your kick drum track "not in time" ? If so, you're stumped in AE4 as it has no fancy variable time signatures and definitely no 'track this dodgy rhythm' function like software of the nature of Logic has. So if your drum beat is freeform you will need to work in freeform mode. (Real music is free form anyway). If the drum *is* accurate and you are just having trouble measuring the time, I usually measure over a range of bars and set the number of beats in range to say 16 as this is more accurate, Then you will need to shift the drum track to match your grid *before* applying the grid. (probably an iterative process as when the grid is active samples snap to it, and when inactive you cannot see it). AE4 does have ARexx but the functions are more for adding samples at set offsets and starting playback / recording. These are the usual features found in DAWs... * Recording digital audio, midi sequencer and mixer * virtual VST instruments and plug-ins * automation, group channels, MIDI channels, FX sends and returns, audio and MIDI editors and music notation editor * different track views * mixer and track layout (but not the same as below) * traditional two windows (track and mixer) Mixing - mixdown Could not figure out how to select what part I wanted to send to the aux, set it to echo and return. Pretty much the whole echo effect. Or any effect. Take look at page17 of the manual. When you open the EQ / Aux send popup window you will see 4 sends. Now from the menu choose the windows menu. Menus->Windows-> Aux Returns Window or press F5 You will see a small window with 4 volume controls and an effects button for each. Click a button and add an effects to that aux channel, then set it up as desired (note the reverb effect has a special AUX setting that improves its use with the aux channel, not compulsory but highly useful). You set the amount of 'return' on the main mix in the Aux Return window, and the amount sent from each main mixer channel in the popup for that channel. Again the aux sends are "prefade" so the volume faders on each channel do not affect them. Tracking Effects - fade in To add some echoes to some vocals, tried to add an effect on a track but did not come out. This is made more complicated as I wanted to mute a vocal but then make it echo at the muting point. Want to have one word of a vocal heard and then echoed off. But when the track is mute the echo is cancelled out. To correctly understand what is happening here you need to study the figure at the bottom of page 15 on the manual. You will see from that that the effects are applied 'prefade' So the automation you applied will naturally mute the entire signal. There would be a number of ways to achieve the goal, You have three real time effects slots, one for smoothing like so Sample -> Amplify -> Delay Then automate the gain of the amplify block so that it effectively mutes the sample just before the delay at the appropriate moment, the echo effect should then be heard. Getting the effects in the right order will require experimentation as they can only be added top down and it's not obvious which order they are applied to the signal, but there only two possibilities, so it wont take long to find out. Using MUTE can cause clicks to the Amplify can be used to mute more smoothly so that's a secondary advantage. Signal Processing - Overdub [[#top|...to the top]] ===Office=== ====Spreadsheet Leu==== Support for some xlsx, and ods functions ====Spreadsheet Ignition==== ; Needs ABIv1 to be completed before more can be done File formats supported * ascii #?.txt and #?.csv (single sheets with data only). * igs and TurboCalc(WIP) #?.tc for all sheets with data, formats and formulas. There is '''no''' support for xls, xlsx, ods or uos ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uniform_Office_Format Uniform Unified Office Format]) at the moment. * Always use Esc key after editing Spreadsheet cells. * copy/paste seems to copy the first instance only so go to Edit -> Clipboard to manage the list of remembered actions. * Right mouse click on row (1 or 2 or 3) or column header (a or b or c) to access optimal height or width of the row or column respectively * Edit -> Insert -> Row seems to clear the spreadsheet or clears the rows after the inserted row until undo restores as it should be... Change Sheet name by Object -> Sheet -> Properties Click in the cell which will contain the result, and click '''down arrow button''' to the right of the formula box at the bottom of the spreadsheet and choose the function required from the list provided. Then click on the start cell and click on the bottom right corner, a '''very''' small blob, which allows stretching a bounding box (thick grey outlines) across many cells This grey bounding box can be used to '''copy a formula''' to other cells. Object -> Cell -> Properties to change cell format - Currency only covers DM and not $, Euro, Renminbi, Yen or Pound etc. Shift key and arrow keys selects a range of cells, so that '''formatting can be done to all highlighted cells'''. View -> Overview then select ALL with one click (in empty cell in the top left hand corner of the sheet). Default mode is relative cell referencing e.g. a1+a2 but absolute e.g. $a$1+$a$2 can be entered. * #sheet-name to '''absolute''' reference another sheet-name cell unless reference() function used. ;Graphs use shift key and arrow keys to select a bunch of cells to be graph'ed making sure that x axes represents and y axes represents * value() - 0 value, 1 percent, 2 date, 3 time, 4 unit ... ;Dates * Excel starts a running count from the 1st Jan 1900 and Ignition starts from 1st Jan 1AD '''(maybe this needs to change)''' Set formatting Object -> Cell -> Properties and put date in days ;Time Set formatting Object -> Cell -> Properties and put time in seconds taken ;Database (to be done by someone else) type - standard, reference (bezug), search criterion (suchkriterium), * select a bunch of cells and Object -> Database -> Define to set Datenbank (database) and Felder (fields not sure how?) * Neu (new) or loschen (delete) to add/remove database headings e.g. Personal, Start Date, Finish Date (one per row?) * Object -> Database -> Index to add fields (felder) like Surname, First Name, Employee ID, etc. to ? Filtering done with dbfilter(), dbproduct() and dbposition(). Activities with dbsum(), dbaverage(), dbmin() and dbmax(). Table sorting - ;Scripts (Arexx) ;Excel(TM) to Ignition - commas ''',''' replaced by semi-colons ''';''' to separate values within functions *SUM(), *AVERAGE(), MAX(), MIN(), INT(), PRODUCT(), MEDIAN(), VAR() becomes Variance(), Percentile(), *IF(), AND, OR, NOT *LEFT(), RIGHT(), MID() becomes MIDDLE(), LEN() becomes LENGTH(), *LOWER() becomes LOWERCASE(), UPPER() becomes UPPERCASE(), * DATE(yyyy,mm,dd) becomes COMPUTEDATE(dd;mm;yyyy), *TODAY(), DAY(),WEEK(), MONTH(),=YEAR(TODAY()), *EOMONTH() becomes MONTHLENGTH(), *NOW() should be date and time becomes time only, SECOND(), MINUTE(), HOUR(), *DBSUM() becomes DSUM(), ;Missing and possibly useful features/functions needed for ignition to have better support of Excel files There is no Merge and Join Text over many cells, no protect and/or freeze row or columns or books but can LOCK sheets, no define bunch of cells as a name, Macros (Arexx?), conditional formatting, no Solver, no Goal Seek, no Format Painter, no AutoFill, no AutoSum function button, no pivot tables, (30 argument limit applies to Excel) *HLOOKUP(), VLOOKUP(), [http://production-scheduling.com/excel-index-function-most-useful/ INDEX(), MATCH()], CHOOSE(), TEXT(), *TRIM(), FIND(), SUBSTITUTE(), CONCATENATE() or &, PROPER(), REPT(), *[https://acingexcel.com/excel-sumproduct-function/ SUMPRODUCT()], ROUND(), ROUNDUP(), *ROUNDDOWN(), COUNT(), COUNTA(), SUMIF(), COUNTIF(), COUNTBLANK(), TRUNC(), *PMT(), PV(), FV(), POWER(), SQRT(), MODE(), TRUE, FALSE, *MODE(), LARGE(), SMALL(), RANK(), STDEV(), *DCOUNT(), DCOUNTA(), WEEKDAY(), ;Excel Keyboard [http://dmcritchie.mvps.org/excel/shortx2k.htm shortcuts needed to aid usability in Ignition] <pre> Ctrl Z - Undo Ctrl D - Fill Down Ctrl R - Fill right Ctrl F - Find Ctrl H - Replace Ctrl 1 - Formatting of Cells CTRL SHIFT ~ Apply General Formatting ie a number Ctrl ; - Todays Date F2 - Edit cell F4 - toggle cell absolute / relative cell references </pre> ====Document Scanning - Scandal==== Scanner usually needs to be connected via a USB port and not via a hub or extension lead. Check in Trident Prefs -> Devices that the USB Scanner is not bound to anything (e.g. Bindings None) If not found then reboot the computer and recheck. Start Scandal, choose Settings from Menu strip at top of screen and in Scanner Driver choose the ?#.device of the scanner (e.g. epson2.device). The next two boxes - leave empty as they are for morphos SCSI use only or put ata.device (use the selection option in bigger box below) and Unit as 0 this is needed for gt68xx * gt68xx - no editing needed in s/gt68xx.conf but needs a firmware file that corresponds to the scanner [http://www.meier-geinitz.de/sane/gt68xx-backend/ gt68xx firmwares] in sys:s/gt68xx. * epson2 - Need to edit the file epson2.conf in sys/s that corresponds to the scanner being used '''Save''' the settings but do not press the Use button (aros freezes) Back to the Picture Scan window and the right-hand sections. Click on the '''Information''' tab and press Connect button and the scanner should now be detected. Go next to the '''Scanner''' tab next to Information Tab should have Color, Black and White, etc. and dpi settings now. Selecting an option Color, B/W etc. can cause dpi settings corruption (especially if the settings are in one line) so set '''dpi first'''. Make sure if Preview is set or not. In the '''Scan''' Tab, press Scan and the scanner will do its duty. Be aware that nothing is saved to disk yet. In the Save tab, change format JPEG, PNG or IFF DEEP. Tick incremental and base filename if necessary and then click the Save button. The image will now be saved to permanent storage. The driver ignores a device if it is already bond to another USB class, rejects it from being usable. However, open Trident prefs, select your device and use the right mouse button to open. Select "NONE" to prevent poseidon from touching the device. Now save settings. It should always work now. [[#top|...to the top]] ===Emulators=== ==== Amiberry ==== ==== Amiga Emu - Janus UAE ==== With Amibridge, AROS attempts to make the UAE emulator seem embedded within but it still is acting as an app There is no dynarec m68k for each hardware that Aros supports or direct patching of motorola calls to AROS hardware accelerated ones unless the emulator has that included Try starting Janus with a priority of -1 like this little script: <pre> cd sys:system/AmiBridge/emulator changetaskpri -1 run janus-uae -f my_uaerc.config >nil: cd sys:prefs endcli </pre> This stops Janus hogging all the CPU time. ===Miscellaneous=== ====Screensaver Blanker==== Most blankers on the amiga (i.e. aros) run as commodities (they are in the tools/commodities drawer). Double click on blanker. Control is with an app called Exchange, which you need to run first (double click on app) or run QUIET sys:tools/commodities/Exchange >NIL: but subsequently can use (Cntrl Alt h). Icon tool types (may be broken) or command line options <pre> seconds=number </pre> Once the timing is right then add the following to s:icaros-sequence or s:user-startup e.g. for 5 minutes run QUIET sys:tools/commodities/Blanker seconds=300 >NIL: *[http://archives.aros-exec.org/index.php?function=showfile&file=graphics/screenblanker/gblanker.i386-aros.zip Garshneblanker] can make Aros unstable or slow. Certain blankers crashes in Icaros 2.0.x like Dragon, Executor. *[ Acuario AROS version], the aquarium screen saver. Startup: extras:acuariofv-aros/acuario Kill: c:break name=extras:acuariofv-aros/acuario Managed to start Acuario by the Executor blanker. <pre> cx_priority= cx_popkey= ie CX_POPKEY="Shift F1" cx_popup=Yes or No </pre> <pre> Qualifier String Input Event Class ---------------- ----------------- "lshift" IEQUALIFIER_LSHIFT "rshift" IEQUALIFIER_RSHIFT "capslock" IEQUALIFIER_CAPSLOCK "control" IEQUALIFIER_CONTROL "lalt" IEQUALIFIER_LALT "ralt" IEQUALIFIER_RALT "lcommand" IEQUALIFIER_LCOMMAND "rcommand" IEQUALIFIER_RCOMMAND "numericpad" IEQUALIFIER_NUMERICPAD "repeat" IEQUALIFIER_REPEAT "midbutton" IEQUALIFIER_MIDBUTTON "rbutton" IEQUALIFIER_RBUTTON "leftbutton" IEQUALIFIER_LEFTBUTTON "relativemouse" IEQUALIFIER_RELATIVEMOUSE </pre> <pre> Synonym Synonym String Identifier ------- ---------- "shift" IXSYM_SHIFT /* look for either shift key */ "caps" IXSYM_CAPS /* look for either shift key or capslock */ "alt" IXSYM_ALT /* look for either alt key */ Highmap is one of the following strings: "space", "backspace", "tab", "enter", "return", "esc", "del", "up", "down", "right", "left", "f1", "f2", "f3", "f4", "f5", "f6", "f7", "f8", "f9", "f10", "help". </pre> [[#top|...to the top]] ==== World Construction Set WCS (Version 2.031) ==== WCS is a fractal landscape software such as Scenery Animator, Vista Pro and Panorama. Open sourced February 2022, World Construction Set [https://3dnature.com/downloads/legacy-software/ legally and for free] and [https://github.com/AlphaPixel/3DNature c source]. Announced August 1994 this version dates from April 1996 developed by Gary R. Huber and Chris "Xenon" Hanson" from Questar <pre> Assign "WCSProjects:" "Volume:Dir/Dir/WCSProjects" Assign "WCSFrames:" "Volume:Dir/Dir/WCSFrames" </pre> <pre> Load projects .proj by accessing pull down menu Project -> Open then click on CanyonSunset.proj OK to changing .par file and enlarge Status Log window to show what is happening Render by pull down menu Modules -> Render with End equal 1 not 300 then click bottom middle button Render </pre> [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CxQDmf1ZWG0 Youtube walkthrough of above], [], [], Also try working with the already built file ColoDemo - Then open with the drop-down menu: Project/Open, then WCSProject:ColoDemo.proj Which allows you to use altimetric DEM files already included and Loading scene parameters from ColoDemo.par Once this is done, save everything with a new name to start working exclusively on your project. Then drop-down menu and select Save As ("NewName".proj name), then drop-down menu to open parameter and select Save All ( .par name) After launching the software, there is a the Module Control Panel composed of five icons. It is a dock type shortcut of the first few functions of the drop-down menu *Database - Load (#?.proj), Append, Create, Edit, Save, Dir List (of WCSProject drawer), *Data Ops - Extract / Convert Interp DEM, Import DLG, DXF, WDB and export LW map 3d formats *Map View - Database file Loader leading to Map View Control with option to the Database Editor *Parameters - Editor for Motion, Color, Ecosystem, Clouds, Waves, management of altimeter files DEM, sclock settings etc *Render - rendering terrain These are more in the pull down menu but not in the dock *Motion Editor *Color Editor *Ecosys Editor Simple minimal workflow *Load database (1st icon - 1st) *Set parameters and save .par file (4th icon) *Render scene (5th icon) [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZbTwwR2qcc4 Youtube], [], <pre> .proj new project name which creates a drawer of additional files .binary array, ascii array .xyz , z buffer, DTED .dt0, vista 1990s dem, iff conversion .Obj with .elev, .frd with .hdr maps, - digital elevation model (DEM) is a 3D representation of elevation data in various formats USGS 7.5MinDEM, .par </pre> Since for the time being no project is loaded, a query window indicates a procedural error when clicking on the rendering icon (right end of the bar). The menu is quite traditional; it varies according to the activity of the windows. To display any altimetric file in the "Mapview" (third icon of the panel), There are three possibilities: * Loading of a demonstration project. * The import of a DEM file, followed by texturing and packaging from the "Database-Editor" and the "Color-Editor". * The creation of an altimetric file in WCS format, then texturing. The altimeter file editing (display in the menu) is only made possible if the "Mapview" window is active. The software is made up of many windows and won't be able to describe them all. Know that "Color-Editor" and the "Data-Editor" comprise sufficient functions for obtaining an almost real rendering quality. You have the possibility of inserting vector objects in the "Data-Editor" (creation of roads, railways, etc.) The Map View (MapView) window *Database - Objects and Topos *View - Align, Center, Zoom, Pan, Move *Draw - Maps and distance *Object - Find, highlight, add points, conform topo, duplicate *Motion - Camera, Focus, path, elevation *Windows - DEM designer, Cloud (.cld) and wave (.wve) editor, You will notice that by selecting this window and simply moving the pointer to various points on the map you will see latitude and longitude values ​​change, along with the height. Drop-down menu and Modules, then select MapView and change the width of the window with the map to arrange it in the best way on the screen. With the Auto button the center. Window that then displays the contents of my DEM file, in this case the Grand Canyon. MapView allows you to observe the shape of the landscape from above ZOOM button Press the Zoom button and then with the pointer position on a point on the map, press the left mouse button and then move to the opposite corner to circumscribe the chosen area and press the left mouse button again, then we will see the enlarged area selected on the map. Would add that there is a box next to the Zoom button that allows the direct insertion of a value which, the larger it is, the smaller the magnification and the smaller the value, the stronger the magnification. At each numerical change you will need to press the DRAW button to update the view. PAN button Under Zoom you will find the PAN button which allows you to move the map at will in all directions by the amount you want. This is done by drawing a line in one direction, then press PAN and point to an area on the map with the pointer and press the left mouse button. At this point, leave it and move the pointer in one direction by drawing a line and press the left mouse button again to trigger the movement of the map on the screen (origin and end points). Do some experiments and then use the Auto button immediately below to recenter everything. There are parameters such as TOPO, VEC to be left checked and immediately below one that allows different views of the map with the Style command (Single, Multi, Surface, Emboss, Slope, Contour), each with its own particularities to highlight different details. Now you have the first basics to manage your project visually on the map. Close the MapView window and go further... Let's start working on ECOSYSTEMS If we select Emboss from the MapView Style command we will have a clear idea of ​​how the landscape appears, realizing that it is a predominantly desert region of our planet. Therefore we will begin to act on any vegetation present and the appearance of the landscape. With WCS we will begin to break down the elements of the landscape by assigning defined characteristics. It will be necessary to determine the classes of the ecosystem (Class) with parameters of Elevation Line (maximum altitude), Relative Elevation (arrangement on basins or convexities with respectively positive or negative parameters), Min Slope and Max Slope (slope). WCS offers the possibility of making ecosystems coexist on the same terrain with the UnderEco function, by setting a Density value. Ecosys Ecosystem Editor Let's open it from Modules, then Ecosys Editor. In the left pane you will find the list of ecosystems referring to the files present in our project. It will be necessary to clean up that box to leave only the Water and Snow landscapes and a few other predefined ones. We can do this by selecting the items and pressing the Remove button (be careful not for all elements the button is activated, therefore they cannot all be eliminated). Once this is done we can start adding new ecosystems. Scroll through the various Unused and as soon as the Name item at the top is activated allowing you to write, type the name of your ecosystem, adding the necessary parameters. <pre> Ecosystem1: Name: RockBase Class: Rock Density: 80 MinSlope: 15 UnderEco: Terrain Ecosystem2: Name: RockIncl Clss: Rock Density: 80 MinSlope: 30 UnderEco: Terrain Ecosystem3: Name: Grass Class Low Veg Density: 50 Height: 1 Elev Line : 1500 Rel El Eff: 5 Max Slope: 10 – Min Slope: 0 UnderEco: Terrain Ecosistema4: Name: Shrubs Class: Low Veg Density: 40 Height: 8 Elev Line: 3000 Rel El Eff: -2 Max Slope: 20 Min Slope : 5 UnderEco: Terrain Ecosistema5: Name: Terrain Class: Ground Density: 100 UnderEco: Terrain </pre> Now we need to identify an intermediate ecosystem that guarantees a smooth transition between all, therefore we select as Understory Ecosystem the one called Terrain in all ecosystems, except Snow and Water . Now we need to 'emerge' the Colorado River in the Canyon and we can do this by raising the sea level to 900 (Sea Level) in the Ecosystem called Water. Please note that the order of the ecosystem list gives priority to those that come after. So our list must have the following order: Water, Snow, Shrubs, RockIncl, RockBase, Terrain. It is possible to carry out all movements with the Swap button at the bottom. To put order you can also press Short List. Press Keep to confirm all the work done so far with Ecosystem Editor. Remember every now and then to save both the Project 'Modules/Save' and 'Parameter/Save All' EcoModels are made up of .etp .fgp .iff8 for each model Color Editor Now it's time to define the colors of our scene and we can do this by going to Modules and then Color Editor. In the list we focus on our ecosystems, created first. Let's go to the bottom of the list and select the first white space, assigning the name 'empty1', with a color we like and then we will find this element again in other environments... It could serve as an example for other situations! So we move to 'grass' which already exists and assign the following colors: R 60 G 70 B50 <pre> 'shrubs': R 60 G 80 B 30 'RockIncl' R 110 G 65 B 60 'RockBase' R 110 G 80 B 80 ' Terrain' R 150 G 30 B 30 <pre> Now we can work on pre-existing colors <pre> 'SunLight' R 150 G 130 B 130 'Haze and Fog' R 190 G 170 B 170 'Horizon' R 209 G 185 B 190 'Zenith' R 140 G 150 B 200 'Water' R 90 G 125 B 170 </pre> Ambient R 0 G 0 B 0 So don't forget to close Color Editor by pressing Keep. Go once again to Ecosystem Editor and assign the corresponding color to each environment by selecting it using the Ecosystem Color button. Press it several times until the correct one appears. Then save the project and parameters again, as done previously. Motion Editor Now it's time to take care of the framing, so let's go to Modules and then to Motion Editor. An extremely feature-rich window will open. Following is the list of parameters regarding the Camera, position and other characteristics: <pre> -Camera Altitude: 7.0 -Camera Latitude: 36.075 -Camera Longitude: 112.133 -Focus Attitude: -2.0 -Focus Latitude: 36.275 -Focus Longitude: 112.386 -Camera : 512 → rendering window -Camera Y: 384 → rendering window -View Arc: 80 → View width in degrees -Sun Longitude: 172 -Sun Latitude: -0.9 -Haze Start: 3.8 -Haze Range: 78, 5 </pre> As soon as the values ​​shown in the relevant sliders have been modified, we will be ready to open the CamView window to observe the wireframe preview. Let's not consider all the controls that will appear. Well from the Motion Editor if you have selected Camera Altitude and open the CamView panel, you can change the height of the camera by holding down the right mouse button and moving the mouse up and down. To update the view, press the Terrain button in the adjacent window. As soon as you are convinced of the position, confirm again with Keep. You can carry out the same work with the other functions of the camera, such as Focus Altitude... Let's now see the next positioning step on the Camera map, but let's leave the CamView preview window open while we go to Modules to open the window at the same time MapView. We will thus be able to take advantage of the view from the other together with a subjective one. From the MapView window, select with the left mouse button and while it is pressed, move the Camera as desired. To update the subjective preview, always click on Terrain. While with the same procedure you can intervene on the direction of the camera lens, by selecting the cross and with the left button pressed you can choose the desired view. So with the pressure of Terrain I update the Preview. Possibly can enlarge or reduce the Map View using the Zoom button, for greater precision. Also write that the circle around the cameras indicates the beginning of the haze, there are two types (haze and fog) linked to the altitude. Would also add that the camera height is editable through the Motion Editor panel. The sun Let's see that changing the position of the sun from the Motion Editor. Press the SUN button at the bottom right and set the time and the date. Longitude and latitude are automatically obtained by the program. Always open the View Arc command from the Motion Editor panel, an item present in the Parameter List box. Once again confirm everything with Keep and then save again. Animation The animation part is not left-back and also occupies a window. The settings possibilities are enormous. A time line with dragging functions ("slide", "drag"...) comparable to that of LightWave completes this window. A small window is available for positioning the stars as a function of a date, in order to vary the seasons and their various events (and yes...). At the bottom of the "Motion-Editor", a "cam-view" function will give you access to a control panel. Different preview modes are possible. The rendering is also accessible through a window. No less than nine pages compose it. At this level, you will be able to determine the backup name of your images ("path"), the type of texture to be calculated, the resolution of the images, activate or deactivate functions such as the depth buffer ("zbuffer"), the blur, the background image, etc. Once all these parameters have been set, all you have to do is click on the "Render" button. For rendering go to Modules and then Render. Select the resolution, then under IMA select the name of the image. Move to FRA and indicate the level of fractal detail which of 4 is quite good. Then Keep to confirm and then reopen the window, pressing Render you will see the result. The image will be opened with any viewing program. Strengths: * Multi-window. * Quality of rendering. * Accuracy. * Opening, preview and rendering on CyberGraphX screen. * Extract / Convert Interp DEM, Import DLG, DXF, WDB and export LW map 3d formats * The "zbuffer" function. Weaknesses: * No OpenGL management * Calculation time. * No network computing tool. ====Writing CD / DVD - Frying Pan==== Can be backup DVDs (4GB ISO size limit due to use of FileInfoBlock), create audio cds from mp3's, and put .iso files on discs If using for the first time - click Drive button and Device set to ata.device and unit to 0 (zero) Click Tracks Button - Drive 1 - Create New Disc or Import Existing Disc Image (iso bin/cue etc.) - Session File open cue file If you're making a data cd, with files and drawers from your hard drive, you should be using the ISO Builder.. which is the MUI page on the left. ("Data/Audio Tracks" is on the right). You should use the "Data/Audio tracks" page if you want to create music cds with AIFF/WAV/MP3 files, or if you download an .iso file, and you want to put it on a cd. Click WRITE Button - set write speed - click on long Write button Examples Easiest way would be to burn a DATA CD, simply go to "Tracks" page "ISO Builder" and "ADD" everything you need to burn. On the "Write" page i have "Masterize Disc (DAO)", "Close Disc" and "Eject after Write" set. One must not "Blank disc before write" if one uses a CDR AUDIO CD from MP3's are as easy but tricky to deal with. FP only understands one MP3 format, Layer II, everything else will just create empty tracks Burning bootable CD's works only with .iso files. Go to "Tracks" page and "Data/Audio Tracks" and add the .iso ====odf==== Every ODF file is a collection of several subdocuments within a package (ZIP file), each of which stores part of the complete document. * content.xml – Document content and automatic styles used in the content. * styles.xml – Styles used in the document content and automatic styles used in the styles themselves. * meta.xml – Document meta information, such as the author or the time of the last save action. * settings.xml – Application-specific settings, such as the window size or printer information. To read document follow these steps: * Extracting .ods file. * Getting content.xml file (which contains sheets data). * Creating XmlDocument object from content.xml file. * Creating DataSet (that represent Spreadsheet file). * With XmlDocument select “table:table” elements, and then create adequate DataTables. * Parse child’s of “table:table” element and fill DataTables with those data. * At the end, return DataSet and show it in application’s interface. To write document follow these steps: * Extracting template.ods file (.ods file that we use as template). * Getting content.xml file. * Creating XmlDocument object from content.xml file. * Erasing all “table:table” elements from the content.xml file. * Reading data from our DataSet and composing adequate “table:table” elements. * Adding “table:table” elements to content.xml file. * Zipping that file as new .ods file. XLS file format The XLS file format contains streams, substreams, and records. These sheet substreams include worksheets, macro sheets, chart sheets, dialog sheets, and VBA module sheets. All the records in an XLS document start with a 2-byte unsigned integer to specify Record Type (rt), and another for Count of Bytes (cb). A record cannot exceed 8224 bytes. If larger than the rest is stored in one or more continue records. * Workbook stream **Globals substream ***BoundSheet8 record - info for Worksheet substream i.e. name, location, type, and visibility. (4bytes the lbPlyPos FilePointer, specifies the position in the Workbook stream where the sheet substream starts) **Worksheet substream (sheet) - Cell Table - Row record - Cells (2byte=row 2byte=column 2byte=XF format) ***Blank cell record ***RK cell record 32-bit number. ***BoolErr cell record (2-byte Bes structure that may be either a Boolean value or an error code) ***Number cell record (64-bit floating-point number) ***LabelSst cell record (4-byte integer that specifies a string in the Shared Strings Table (SST). Specifically, the integer corresponds to the array index in the RGB field of the SST) ***Formula cell record (FormulaValue structure in the 8 bytes that follow the cell structure. The next 6 bytes can be ignored, and the rest of the record is a CellParsedFormula structure that contains the formula itself) ***MulBlank record (first 2 bytes give the row, and the next 2 bytes give the column that the series of blanks starts at. Next, a variable length array of cell structures follows to store formatting information, and the last 2 bytes show what column the series of blanks ends on) ***MulRK record ***Shared String Table (SST) contains all of the string values in the workbook. ACCRINT(), ACCRINTM(), AMORDEGRC(), AMORLINC(), COUPDAYBS(), COUPDAYS(), COUPDAYSNC(), COUPNCD(), COUPNUM(), COUPPCD(), CUMIPMT(), CUMPRINC(), DB(), DDB(), DISC(), DOLLARDE(), DOLLARFR(), DURATION(), EFFECT(), FV(), FVSCHEDULE(), INTRATE(), IPMT(), IRR(), ISPMT(), MDURATION(), MIRR(), NOMINAL(), NPER(), NPV(), ODDFPRICE(), ODDFYIELD(), ODDLPRICE(), ODDLYIELD(), PMT(), PPMT(), PRICE(), PRICEDISC(), PRICEMAT(), PV(), RATE(), RECEIVED(), SLN(), SYD(), TBILLEQ(), TBILLPRICE(), TBILLYIELD(), VDB(), XIRR(), XNPV(), YIELD(), YIELDDISC(), YIELDMAT(), <pre> </pre> <pre> </pre> <pre> </pre> {{BookCat}} 0u88rkngxz1q3v54bpfplrqyn9tr42d OpenSSH/Client Configuration Files 0 248402 4679284 4677097 2026-10-31T14:56:26Z Larsnooden 430753 Mention tokens and -sk keys 4679284 wikitext text/x-wiki Client configuration files can be per user or system wide, with the former taking precedence over the latter and run-time arguments in the shell overriding both. In these configuration files, one parameter per line is allowed. The syntax is the parameter name followed by its value or values. Empty lines and lines starting with the hash ('''#''') are ignored. An equal sign ('''=''') can be used instead of whitespace between the parameter name and the values. Values are case-sensitive, but parameter names are not. The first value assigned is used. For key files, the format is different. With either type of file, there is no substitute for reading the relevant manual pages on the actual systems involved, especially because they match the specific versions which are in use. ==System-wide Client Configuration Files== System-wide client files set the default configuration for all users of OpenSSH clients on that system. These defaults can be overridden in most cases by the user's own default settings in a local configuration file. Both can be overridden, in many cases, by specifying various options or parameters at run time. The prioritization is as follows: # run time arguments via the shell # user's own configuration # system-wide configuration The first value obtained is used. The user's own configuration file and the system-wide configuration file can also point to additional configuration files to be included using the '''Include''' directive starting with OpenSSH 7.3. The '''Include''' directive can be specified anywhere in the configuration file even inside a '''Match''' or '''Host''' block. Care should be used when nesting configurations. ===''/etc/ssh/ssh_config''=== This file defines all the default settings for the client utilities for all users on that system. It must be readable by all users. The configuration options are described in detail in [http://man.openbsd.org/ssh_config.5 ssh_config(5)]. Below a shortcut is made for connecting to ''arc.example.org''. <syntaxhighlight lang="apache" line="1"> Host arc Port 2022 HostName arc.example.org User fred IdentityFile ~/.ssh/id_rsa_arc </syntaxhighlight> So with that configuration, it is enough to enter <code>ssh arc</code> and the rest of the information gets filled in automatically. ===''/etc/ssh/ssh_known_hosts''=== This contains the system-wide list of known host keys used to verify the identity of the remote host and thus hinder impersonation or eavesdropping. This file should be prepared by the system administrator to contain the public host keys of all necessary hosts. It should be world-readable. See '''~/.ssh/known_hosts''' below for more explanation or see [http://man.openbsd.org/sshd.8 sshd(8)] for further details of the format of this file. ===''/etc/ssh/sshrc''=== This file resides on the server and programs in this file are executed there by [http://man.openbsd.org/ssh.1 ssh(1)] when the user logs in, just before the user's shell or designated program is started. It is not run as root, but instead as the user who is logging in. See the [http://man.openbsd.org/sshd.8 sshd(8)] manual page in the section "SSHRC" for more information. If it sends anything to '''stdout''' that will interfere with SFTP sessions, among others. So if any output is produced at all, it should be sent to '''stderr''' or else to a log file. ==User-specific Client Configuration Files== Users can override the default system-wide client settings and choose their own defaults. For situations where the same change is made repeatedly it is recommended to add it to the user's local configuration. ===Client-Side Files=== These files reside on the client machine. ====''~/.ssh/config''==== The user's own configuration file which, where applicable, overrides the settings in the global client configuration file, '''/etc/ssh/ssh_config'''. The configuration options are described in detail in [http://man.openbsd.org/ssh_config.5 ssh_config(5)]. This file must ''not'' be accessible to other users in any way. Set strict permissions: read/write for the user, and not accessible by others. It may group-writable if and only if that user is the only member of the group in question. =====Local Override of Client Defaults===== The file is usually named '''~/.ssh/config'''. However, a different configuration file can be specified at runtime using the '''-F''' option. General options intended to apply to all hosts can be set by matching all hosts and should be done at the end of the configuration file. The first match takes precedence, therefore more specific definitions must come first and more general overrides at the end of the file. <syntaxhighlight lang="apache" line="1"> Host server1 ServerAliveInterval 200 HostName 203.0.113.76 Host * ExitOnForwardFailure yes Protocol 2 ServerAliveInterval 400 </syntaxhighlight> Options given as runtime arguments will override even those in the configuration file. However, not all options can be set or overriden by the user. Those options which may not be set or overridden will be ignored. ====''~/.ssh/known_hosts''==== This file is local to the user account and contains the known keys for remote hosts. Often these are collected from the hosts when connecting for the first time, but they can be added manually. As with those keys stored in the global file, '''/etc/ssh/ssh_known_hosts''', these keys are used to verify the identity of the remote host, thus protecting against impersonation or man-in-the-middle attacks. With each subsequent connection the key will be compared to the key provided by the remote server. If there is a match, the connection will proceed. If the match fails, [http://man.openbsd.org/ssh.1 ssh(1)] will fail with an error message. If there is no key at all listed for that remote host, then the key's fingerprint will be displayed and there will be the option to automatically add the key to the file. This file can be created and edited manually, but if it does not exist it will be created automatically by [http://man.openbsd.org/ssh.1 ssh(1)] when it first connects to a remote host. The '''~/.ssh/known_hosts''' file can use either hashed or clear text host names. Even with hashed names, it can still be searched using [http://man.openbsd.org/ssh-keygen.1 ssh-keygen(1)] using the '''-F''' option. <syntaxhighlight lang="shell"> $ ssh-keygen -F server3.example.com </syntaxhighlight> The default file to be searched will be '''~/.ssh/known_hosts''' and the key is printed if found. A different file can be searched using the '''-f''' option. If a key must be removed from the file, the '''-R''' option works similarly to search by host and then remove it if found even if the host name is hashed. <syntaxhighlight lang="shell"> $ ssh-keygen -R server4.example.com -f ~/.ssh/known_hosts </syntaxhighlight> When a key is removed, it will then be appended to the file '''~/.ssh/known_hosts.old''' in case it is needed later. Again, see the manual page for [http://man.openbsd.org/sshd.8 sshd(8)] for the format of these '''known_host''' files. If a non-default file is used with either '''-F''' or '''-R''' then the name including the path must be specified using '''-f'''. But '''-f''' is optional if the default file is intended. If the global file '''/etc/ssh/ssh_known_hosts''' is used then it should be prepared by the system administrator to contain the public host keys of all necessary hosts and it should be world-readable. =====Manually Adding Public Keys to ~/.ssh/known_hosts ===== Manually adding public host keys to '''known_hosts''' is a matter of adding one unbroken line per key. How the key is obtained is not important, as long as it is complete, valid, and '''guaranteed to be the real key and not a fake'''. The utility [http://man.openbsd.org/ssh-keyscan.1 ssh-keyscan(1)] can fetch a key and [http://man.openbsd.org/ssh-keygen.1 ssh-keygen(1)] can be used to show the fingerprint for verification. See examples in the cookbook chapter on [[OpenSSH/Cookbook/Public_Key_Authentication | Public Key Authentication]] for methods of verification. Again, the corresponding system-wide file is '''/etc/ssh/ssh_known_hosts''' =====About the Contents of the known_hosts Files===== The '''known_hosts''' file is for verifying the identity of other systems. [http://man.openbsd.org/ssh.1 ssh(1)] can automatically add keys to the user's file, but they can be added manually as well. The file contains a list of public keys for all the hosts which the user has connected to. It can also include public keys for hosts that the user plans to log into but are not already in the system-wide list of known host keys. Usually when connecting to a host for the first time, [http://man.openbsd.org/ssh.1 ssh(1)] adds the remote host's public key to the user's '''known_hosts''' file, but this behavior can be tuned. The format is one public key or certificate per unbroken line. Each line in contains a host name, number of bits, exponent, and modulus. At the beginning of the line is either the host name or a hash representing the host name. An optional comment can follow at the end of the line. These can be preceded by an optional marker to indicate a certificate authority, if an SSH certificate is used instead of a SSH key. These fields are separated by spaces. It is possible to use a comma-separated list of hosts in the host name field if a host has multiple names or if the same key is used on multiple machines in a server pool. Here are two examples for hosts with the basic host names: <pre> anoncvs.fr.openbsd.org,93.184.34.123 ssh-rsa AAAA...njvPw== anoncvs.eu.openbsd.org ssh-rsa AAAAB3Nz...cTqGvaDhgtAhw== </pre> Non-standard ports can be indicated by enclosing the host name with square brackets and following with a colon and the port number. Here are three examples referring to hosts listening for SSH on non-standard ports: <pre> [ssh.example.org]:2222 ssh-rsa AAAAB3Nz...AKy2R2OE= [127.0.0.2]:4922 ssh-rsa AAAAB4mV...1d6j= [anga.funkfeuer.at]:2022,[78.41.115.130]:2022 ssh-rsa AAAAB...fgTHaojQ== </pre> Host name patterns can be created using "'''*'''" and "'''?'''" as wildcards and "'''!'''" to indicate negation. Up to one optional marker per line is allowed. If present it must be either '''@cert-authority''' or '''@revoked'''. The former shows that the key is a certificate authority key, the latter flags the key as revoked and not acceptable for use. See [http://man.openbsd.org/sshd.8 sshd(8)] for further details on the format of this file and [http://man.openbsd.org/ssh-keygen.1 ssh-keygen(1)] for managing the keys. ===Server-Side Client Files=== These client files reside on the server. By default they are kept in the user's directory. However, the server can be configured to look for them in other locations if needed. ====''~/.ssh/authorized_keys''==== '''authorized_keys''' is a one-key-per-line register of public ECDSA, RSA, ED25519, and MLDSA44-Ed25519 keys that this account can use to log in with. The file's contents are not highly sensitive, but the recommended permissions are read/write for the user and not accessible by others. As always, the whole key including options and comments must be on a single, unbroken line. <pre> ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAA...41Ev521Ei2hvz7S2QNr1zAiVaOFy5Lwc8Lo+Jk= </pre> Lines starting with a hash (#) are ignored and can be used as comments. Whitespace separates the key's fields, which are in sequence an optional list of login options, the key type (usually ssh-rsa or better like ecdsa-sha2-nistp256), the key itself encoded as base64, and an optional comment. If a key is followed by an annotation, the comment does not need to be wrapped in quotes. It has no effect on what the key does or how it works. Here is an annotated key, the comment having been generated with the '''-C''' option [http://man.openbsd.org/ssh-keygen.1 ssh-keygen(1)]: <pre> ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAA...zAiVaOFy5Lwc8Lo+Jk= Fred @ Project FOOBAR </pre> Keys can be preceded by a comma-separated list of options to affect what happens upon successful login. The first key below forces the session to launch '''tinyfugue''' automatically, the second forcibly sets the PATH environment variable: <pre> command="/usr/bin/tinyfugue" ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAA...OFy5Lwc8Lo+Jk= environment="PATH=/bin:/usr/bin/:/opt/gtm/bin" ssh-rsa AAAAB3N...4Y2t1j= </pre> The format of '''authorized_keys''' is described in the [http://man.openbsd.org/sshd.8 sshd(8)] manual page. Old keys should be deleted from the file when no longer needed. The server can specify multiple locations for '''authorized_keys'''. That is done using the '''AuthorizedKeysFile''' directive in the server's configuration. See the next section, [[#Server-Side_Client_Key_Login_Options|Server-Side Client Key Login Options]], for details. ====''~/.ssh/authorized_principals''==== By default this file does not exist. If it is specified in [http://man.openbsd.org/sshd_config.5 sshd_config(5)] by the AuthorizedKeysFile or AuthorizedPrincipalsCommand directives in the server's configuration. It contains a list of names which can be used in place of the username when authorizing a certificate. This option is useful for role accounts, disjoint account namespaces and "user@realm"-style naming policies in certificates. Principals can also be specified in '''authorized_keys'''. ====''~/.ssh/environment''==== If the server is configured to accept user-supplied, automatic changes to environment variables as part of the login process, then these changes can be set in this file. If the server, the environment file and an authorization key all try to change the same variable, the file '''environment''' takes precedence over what a key might contain. Either one will override any environment variables that might have been passed by [http://man.openbsd.org/ssh.1 ssh(1)] using '''SendEnv'''. Authentication keys stored in '''authorized_keys''' can also be used to set variables. See also the '''AcceptEnv''' and '''PermitUserEnvironment''' directives in the manual page for [http://man.openbsd.org/sshd_config.5 sshd_config(5)]. ====''~/.ssh/rc''==== This is a script which is executed by [http://man.openbsd.org/sh.1 sh(1)] just before the user's shell or command is started. It is not run if '''ForceCommand''' is used. The script is run after reading the environment variables. The corresponding global file, '''/etc/ssh/sshrc''', is not run if the user's '''rc''' script exists. ===Local Account Public / Private Key Pairs=== People might have a variety ECDSA, Ed25519, MLDSA44-Ed25519, and RSA keys stored in the file system. Since version 8.2, two new key types ECDSA-SK and Ed25519-SK, along with corresponding certificate types are available for keys tied to FIDO/U2F tokens. Since 10.6 there can be keys which use the MLDSA44-Ed25519 post-quantum signature algorithm. Though individual accounts can maintain their own list of keys or certificates for authentication or to verify the identity of remote hosts in any directory, the most common location is in the '''~/.ssh/''' directory. The naming convention for keys is only a convention but recommended to follow anyway. Public keys usually have the same name as the private key, but with '''.pub''' appended to the name. Trouble can arise if the names of the public and private keys do not match. If there is more than one key pair, then [http://man.openbsd.org/ssh-keygen.1 ssh-keygen(1)] can use the '''-f''' option when generating keys to produce a useful name along with the '''-C''' option which embeds a relevant comment inside the key pair. People, programs, and scripts can authenticate using a private key stored on the system, or even a private key fetched from a smartcard, if the corresponding public key is stored in '''authorized_keys''' on the remote system. The '''authorized_keys''' file is not highly sensitive, but the recommended permissions are read/write for the user, and not accessible by others. The private keys, however, are very sensitive and should not be readable or even visible to other accounts. They should never leave the client and should certainly never be put on the server. See the chapter on [[OpenSSH/Cookbook/Public_Key_Authentication | Public Key Authentication]] for more discussion and examples. The keys can be preceded by a comma-separated list of options. The whole key must be on a single, unbroken line. No spaces are permitted, except within double quotes. Any text after the key itself is considered a comment. The '''authorized_keys''' file is a one-key-per line register of public RSA, Ed25519, MLDSA44-Ed25519, ECDSA, Ed25519-SK, and ECDSA-SK keys that can be used to log into a particular account. See the section above on the '''authorized_keys''' file for more discussion. DSA support has been removed from OpenSSH starting with 10.0 in 2025 and was considered deprecated since 2015. Therefore the time has passed for DSA keys. They are no longer considered safe and should be replaced with better keys. Per-account [[OpenSSH/Cookbook/Host-based_Authentication| Host-based Authentication Configuration]] is also possible using the '''~/.shosts''', '''~/.rhosts''', '''~/.ssh/environment''', and '''~/.ssh/rc''' files. ====Client Public Keys==== These are only the default names for the public keys. The actual file name can be anything and the location be any directory. '''~/.ssh/id_ecdsa.pub''' '''~/.ssh/id_ed25519.pub''' '''~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub''' '''~/.ssh/id_ecdsa-sk.pub''' '''~/.ssh/id_ed25519-sk.pub''' '''~/.ssh/id_ecdsa-sk_rk.pub''' '''~/.ssh/id_ed25519-sk_rk.pub''' '''~/.ssh/id_mldsa44-ed25519.pub''' Again, it can be a good idea to give more relevant names to keys. The '''*-sk.pub''' keys are those bound with a hardware security token and the '''*-sk_rk.pub''' keys are those generated from resident keys stored within hardware security token. Public keys are mainly used on the remote server for key-based authentication. Public keys are not sensitive and are allowed to be readable by anyone, unlike the private keys, but don't need to be. A public key, minus comments and restriction options, can be regenerated from a private key if lost. So while it can be useful to keep backups of the public key, it is not essential unlike for private keys. ====Client Private Keys==== Like with the client's public keys, the actual file names for the private keys can be anything and their location be in any directory. Here are the default names for client private keys. '''~/.ssh/id_ecdsa''' '''~/.ssh/id_ed25519''' '''~/.ssh/id_rsa''' '''~/.ssh/id_ecdsa-sk''' '''~/.ssh/id_ed25519-sk''' '''~/.ssh/id_ecdsa-sk_rk''' '''~/.ssh/id_ed25519-sk_rk''' '''~/.ssh/id_mldsa44-ed25519''' Private keys are always considered sensitive data and should be readable only by the user and not accessible by others. In other words, they use mode 0600. The directory they are in should also have mode 0700 or 0500. If a private key file is accessible by others, [http://man.openbsd.org/ssh.1 ssh(1)] will ignore it. It is possible to specify a passphrase when generating the key which will be used to encrypt the sensitive part of this file using AES128. Until version 5.3, the cipher 3DES was used to encrypt the passphrase. Old keys using 3DES that are given new passphrases will use AES128 when they are modified. Private keys stored in hardware tokens as resident keys can be extracted and automatically used to generate their corresponding public key using [http://man.openbsd.org/ssh-keygen.1 ssh-keygen(1)] with the '''-K''' option. Such keys will default to being named '''id_ecdsa-sk_rk''', '''id_ed25519-sk_rk''', or '''id_mldsa44-ed25519''', depending on the key type, though the file names can be changed after extraction. A passphrase can be assigned to the private key upon extraction from the token to a file. While public keys can be generated from private keys, new private keys cannot be regenerated from public keys if the private keys are lost. Nor can a new passphrase be set if the current one is forgotten. Gone is gone, unlike the public keys, which can be regenerated from an existing private key if the private key is lost or forgotten then a whole new key pair must be generated and deployed. ===Legacy Files=== These files might be encountered on very old or out of date systems but not on up-to-date ones. ====''~/.shosts''==== ====''~/.rhosts''==== '''.rhosts''' is a legacy from rsh containing a local list of trusted host-user pairs that are allowed to log in. Login requests matching an entry were granted access. See also the global list of trusted host-user pairs, '''/etc/hosts.equiv''' '''rhosts''' can be used as part of host-based authentication. Otherwise it is recommended not to use rhosts for authentication, there are a lot of ways to misconfigure the '''.rhosts''' file. ====Legacy DSA Keys ~/.ssh/id_dsa ~/.ssh/id_dsa.pub==== Deprecated DSA keys might be found named as '''id_dsa''' and '''id_dsa.pub''', but regardless of the name any usage should be tracked down. Support for DSA both on the server and client was discontinued in OpenSSH 7.0 and fully removed in OpenSSH 10.0. If DSA keys are found, the pair should be removed and replaced with a better type of key. ====Legacy SSH1 Protocol Keys ~/.ssh/identity ~/.ssh/identity.pub==== The files '''identity''' and '''identity.pub''' were for SSH protocol version 1, and thus deprecated. If found they should be investigated as to what, if anything, uses them and why. Then once any remaining usage is resolved they should be removed and replaced with newer key types. ==Mapping Client Options And Configuration Directives== Many run-time options for the SSH client have corresponding configuration directives and vice versa. The following is a quick overview. It is not a substitute for getting familiar with the relevant manual pages, [https://man.openbsd.org/ssh.1 ssh(1)] and [https://man.openbsd.org/ssh_config.5 ssh_config(5)] which are the relevant, authoritative, up-to-date resources on the matter. {| class="wikitable" style="caption-side: bottom;" |+ Lookup Table of OpenSSH Client Options Versus Configuration Directives |- style="border-bottom: thick solid #000;" ! Directive ! Option ! Description |- ! AddressFamily ! -4 / -6 | Limit connections to IPv4 or IPv6 only. |- ! ForwardAgent ! -A / -a | Forward or block forwarding from the authentication agent. |- ! BindInterface ! -B | Bind the outgoing connection to this network interface. |- ! BindAddress ! -b | Bind the outgoing connection to this network address. |- ! Compression ! -C | Specify whether to compress the data using [http://man.openbsd.org/gzip.1 gzip(1)]. |- ! Ciphers ! -c | Specify which cipher to use. |- ! DynamicForward ! -D | Designate a local port to be forwarded, say for SOCKS5. |- ! EscapeChar ! -e | Specify an escape character for PTY sessions. |- ! ForkAfterAuthentication ! -f | Drop client to background right before command execution. |- ! GatewayPorts ! -g | Whether other hosts are allowed to connect to local forwarded ports. |- ! PKCS11Provider ! -I | Specify the path to the shared PKCS#11 library. |- ! IdentityFile ! -i | Specify a particular certificate or private key to use for authentication. |- ! ProxyJump ! -J | Connect to the destination via this host or hosts first. |- ! GSSAPIAuthentication ! -K / -k | Enable or disable Generic Security Services Application Program Interface (GSSAPI) authentication. |- ! LocalForward ! -L | Specify which local port or socket to forward to the specified remote system. |- ! User ! -l | Designate which account on the remote system to try. |- ! ControlMaster ! -M | Allow multiplexing of SSH sessions over a single TCP connection. |- ! MACs ! -m | Designate which message authentication code (MAC) algorithms to try. |- ! SessionType ! -N / -s | Invoke a designated subsystem or even prevent any command execution at all. |- ! StdinNull ! -n | Prevent reading from '''stdin'''. |- ! Tag ! -P | Tag for use within '''Match'''. |- ! Port ! -p | Connect to this port on the remote system. |- ! LogLevel ! -q / -v | Adjust the verbosity of logging messages from the client. |- ! RemoteForward ! -R | Specify which remote port or socket to forward to the specified local system. |- ! ControlPath ! -S | Designate the control socket for multiplexing over this connection. |- ! RequestTTY ! -T / -t | Prohibit or request a pseudo-TTY for the session. |- ! ForwardX11 ! -X / -x | Enable or prohibit X11 forwarding. |} As of version 8.7 the '''-f''', '''-N''', and '''-n''' options also have corresponding client configuration directives in [https://man.openbsd.org/ssh_config.5 ssh_config(5)]. Other directives, like WarnWeakCrypto do not have run time options. ==Server-Side Client Key Login Options== The login options available for use in the local user authorized keys file might be overridden or blocked by the server's own settings. However, within that constraint, the following options can be used. '''cert-authority''' Specifies that the listed key is a certification authority (CA) trusted to validate signed certificates for user authentication. Certificates may encode access restrictions similar to key options. If both certificate restrictions and key restrictions are present, then the most restrictive union of the two is applied. '''command="''program''"''' Specifies a program and its options to be executed when the key is used for authentication. This is a good way of forcing a program to restrict a key to a single, specific operation such as a remote backup. However, TCP and X11 forwarding are still allowed unless explicitly disabled elsewhere. The program is run on a PTY if the client requests it, otherwise the default is to run without a TTY. The default, running without a TTY, provides an 8-bit clean channel. If the default has been changed, specify '''no-pty''' to get an 8-bit clean channel. If no programs are allowed, then use an empty string "" to prevent anything from running. <pre> no-pty,command="" ssh-ed25519 AAAAC3NzaC1lZDI1NTE5AAAAID...mS1EkorvuQM7Ipl </pre> If only one program is allowed, with specific options, then it can be spelled out explicitly. <pre> restrict,command="/usr/bin/svnserve -t --tunnel-user=fred" ssh-ed25519 AAAAC3NzaC1lZDI1NT...skSUlrRPoLyUq </pre> Quotes provided in the program's options must be escaped using a backslash. ('\') <pre> command="sh -c \"mysqldump db1 -u fred1 -p\"" ssh-ed25519 AAAAC3NzaC1lZDI1NTE5AAAAID...mS1EkorvuQM7Ipl </pre> This option applies to execution of the shell, another program, or a subsystem. Thus any other programs specified by the user are ignored when '''command''' is present. However, the program originally specified by the client remains available as the environment variable '''SSH_ORIGINAL_COMMAND'''. That can be used by a script in a multiple-choice case statement, for example, to allow the account to select from a limited range of actions. '''environment="''NAME''=''value''"''' Sets the value of an environment variable when this key is used to log in. It overrides default values of the variable, if they exist. This option can be repeated to set multiple variables up to 1024 discrete names. First match wins in the case of repetition. This option is only allowed if the '''PermitUserEnvironment''' option is set in the SSH server's configuration. The default is that it is disabled. This option used to be disabled automatically when '''UseLogin''' was enabled, but '''UseLogin''' has been deprecated. '''expiry-time="''timespec''"''' Sets a date or date-time, either as a YYYYMMDD date or a YYYYMMDDHHMM[SS], after which the key will not be allowed to authenticate. Otherwise the key will be considered valid indefinitely. The system time zone is used. '''from="''pattern-list''"''' Either the canonical name of the remote host or its IP address required in addition to the key. Addresses and host names can be listed using a comma-separated list of patterns, see PATTERNS in [http://man.openbsd.org/ssh_config.5 ssh_config(5)] for more information on patterns, or use the CIDR address/masklen notation. '''no-agent-forwarding / agent-forwarding''' This option forbids the authentication agent from forwarding the key when it is used for authentication. Alternately, it allows agent forwarding even if it was otherwise previously disabled by the '''restrict''' option. '''no-port-forwarding / port-forwarding''' Forbids TCP forwarding and any port forward requests by the client will return an error when this key is used for authentication. Alternately, override the '''restrict''' option and allow port forwarding. See also '''permitopen'''. '''no-pty / pty''' TTY allocation is prohibited and any request to allocate a PTY will fail. Alternately, TTY allocation is permitted, even if previously disabled by the '''restrict''' option. '''no-touch-required''' FIDO keys which have been created with the '''-O no-touch-required''' can use this method which makes the client skip the check for user presence. '''no-user-rc / user-rc''' Use the '''no-user-rc''' option in '''authorized_keys''' to disable execution of '''~/.ssh/rc '''. Alternately, use '''user-rc''' to override the '''restrict''' option. '''no-X11-forwarding / x11-forwarding''' Prevent X11 forwarding when this key is used for authentication and requests to forward X11 will return an error. Alternately, override the '''restrict''' option and allow X11 forwarding. '''permitlisten="[''host'':]''port''"''' '''permitopen="''host'':''port''"''' The '''permitlisten''' setting limits remote port forwarding (<code>ssh -R</code>) to only the specified port and, optionally, host. In contrast, '''permitopen''' limits local port forwarding (<code>ssh -L</code>) to only the specified host and port. IPv6 addresses can be specified with an alternative syntax: host/port. Multiple '''permitopen''' or '''permitlisten''' options may be used and must be separated by commas. No pattern matching is performed on the specified host names, they must be literal host names or IP addresses. Can be used in conjunction with agent-forwarding. '''principals="''name1''[,''name2'',...]"''' Specify a list of names that may be used in place of the username when authorizing a certificate trusted via the '''TrustedCAKeys''' option described in [http://man.openbsd.org/sshd_config.5 sshd_config(5)]. '''restrict''' Disable all options, such as TTY allocation, port forwarding, agent forwarding, user-rc, and X11 forwarding all at once. Specific options can then be explicitly allowed on an individual basis. '''tunnel="''n''"''' Select a specific [http://man.openbsd.org/tun.4 tun(4)] device on the server. Otherwise when a tunnel device is requested without this option the next available device will be used. '''verify-required''' Require user-verification, such as with a PIN, with FIDO keys. ==Managing Keys== When working with keys there are some basic, hopefully common sense, actions that should take place to prevent problems. The two most beneficial approaches are to use sensible names for the key files and to embed comments. The '''-f''' option for [http://man.openbsd.org/ssh-keygen.1 ssh-keygen(1)] allows a custom name to be set. The '''-C''' option allows a comment to be embedded in both the public and private keys. With the comment inside the private key, it can be regenerated automatically if a replacement public key is ever made using the '''-y''' option. Other than that, there are three main rules of thumb for managing keys: * Keys should use strong passphrases. If autonomous logins are required, then the keys should be first loaded into an agent and used from there. See [http://man.openbsd.org/ssh-add.1 ssh-add(1)] to get started there. It uses [http://man.openbsd.org/ssh-agent.1 ssh-agent(1)] which many systems have installed and some have running by default. * Keys should always be stored in protected locations, even on the client side. This is especially important for private keys. The private keys should not have read permissions for any user or group other than their owner. They should also be kept in a directory that is not accessible by anyone other than the owner in order to limit exposure. * Old and unused keys should be removed from the server. In particular, keys without a known, valid purpose should be removed and not allowed to accumulate. Using the comment field in the public key for annotation can help eliminate some of the confusion as to the purpose and owner once some time has passed. Along those lines, keys should be rotated at intervals. Rotation means generating new key pairs and removing the old ones. This gives a chance to remove old and unused keys. It is also an opportunity to review access needs, whether access is required and if so at what level. Following the principle of least privilege can limit the chance for accidents or abuse. If a key is only needed to run a specific application or script, then its login options should be limited to just what is needed. See [http://man.openbsd.org/sshd.8 sshd(8)] for the "AUTHORIZED_KEYS FILE FORMAT" section on key login options. For root level access, it is important to remember to configure '''/etc/sudoers''' or '''/etc/doas.conf''' appropriately. Access there can be granted to a specific application and even limit that application to specific options. One major drawback to keys is that they never expire and are valid indefinitely in principle. In contrast, certificates can be assigned a validity interval with an end date, after which they can no longer be used. However, hardware tokens can help with the culling of old keys. Hardware-backed keys, such as Ed25519-SK and ECDSA-SK, are usable only in the presence of the hardware token to which the key is bound. Once the token is recovered and cleared, the key that was associated with it becomes unusable. Both keys and certificates can be tied to hardware tokens via the -sk formats. The formats which are actually available depend on the token type and version. However, if an actual expiration date is needed, then certificates should be used instead. <noinclude>{{OpenSSH/TOC|mini}}</noinclude> {{BookCat}} {{status|100%}} 3lldfw18ubl2h8sybl6v5ykq040jlu8 4679285 4679284 2026-10-31T15:00:11Z Larsnooden 430753 /* Managing Keys */ 4679285 wikitext text/x-wiki Client configuration files can be per user or system wide, with the former taking precedence over the latter and run-time arguments in the shell overriding both. In these configuration files, one parameter per line is allowed. The syntax is the parameter name followed by its value or values. Empty lines and lines starting with the hash ('''#''') are ignored. An equal sign ('''=''') can be used instead of whitespace between the parameter name and the values. Values are case-sensitive, but parameter names are not. The first value assigned is used. For key files, the format is different. With either type of file, there is no substitute for reading the relevant manual pages on the actual systems involved, especially because they match the specific versions which are in use. ==System-wide Client Configuration Files== System-wide client files set the default configuration for all users of OpenSSH clients on that system. These defaults can be overridden in most cases by the user's own default settings in a local configuration file. Both can be overridden, in many cases, by specifying various options or parameters at run time. The prioritization is as follows: # run time arguments via the shell # user's own configuration # system-wide configuration The first value obtained is used. The user's own configuration file and the system-wide configuration file can also point to additional configuration files to be included using the '''Include''' directive starting with OpenSSH 7.3. The '''Include''' directive can be specified anywhere in the configuration file even inside a '''Match''' or '''Host''' block. Care should be used when nesting configurations. ===''/etc/ssh/ssh_config''=== This file defines all the default settings for the client utilities for all users on that system. It must be readable by all users. The configuration options are described in detail in [http://man.openbsd.org/ssh_config.5 ssh_config(5)]. Below a shortcut is made for connecting to ''arc.example.org''. <syntaxhighlight lang="apache" line="1"> Host arc Port 2022 HostName arc.example.org User fred IdentityFile ~/.ssh/id_rsa_arc </syntaxhighlight> So with that configuration, it is enough to enter <code>ssh arc</code> and the rest of the information gets filled in automatically. ===''/etc/ssh/ssh_known_hosts''=== This contains the system-wide list of known host keys used to verify the identity of the remote host and thus hinder impersonation or eavesdropping. This file should be prepared by the system administrator to contain the public host keys of all necessary hosts. It should be world-readable. See '''~/.ssh/known_hosts''' below for more explanation or see [http://man.openbsd.org/sshd.8 sshd(8)] for further details of the format of this file. ===''/etc/ssh/sshrc''=== This file resides on the server and programs in this file are executed there by [http://man.openbsd.org/ssh.1 ssh(1)] when the user logs in, just before the user's shell or designated program is started. It is not run as root, but instead as the user who is logging in. See the [http://man.openbsd.org/sshd.8 sshd(8)] manual page in the section "SSHRC" for more information. If it sends anything to '''stdout''' that will interfere with SFTP sessions, among others. So if any output is produced at all, it should be sent to '''stderr''' or else to a log file. ==User-specific Client Configuration Files== Users can override the default system-wide client settings and choose their own defaults. For situations where the same change is made repeatedly it is recommended to add it to the user's local configuration. ===Client-Side Files=== These files reside on the client machine. ====''~/.ssh/config''==== The user's own configuration file which, where applicable, overrides the settings in the global client configuration file, '''/etc/ssh/ssh_config'''. The configuration options are described in detail in [http://man.openbsd.org/ssh_config.5 ssh_config(5)]. This file must ''not'' be accessible to other users in any way. Set strict permissions: read/write for the user, and not accessible by others. It may group-writable if and only if that user is the only member of the group in question. =====Local Override of Client Defaults===== The file is usually named '''~/.ssh/config'''. However, a different configuration file can be specified at runtime using the '''-F''' option. General options intended to apply to all hosts can be set by matching all hosts and should be done at the end of the configuration file. The first match takes precedence, therefore more specific definitions must come first and more general overrides at the end of the file. <syntaxhighlight lang="apache" line="1"> Host server1 ServerAliveInterval 200 HostName 203.0.113.76 Host * ExitOnForwardFailure yes Protocol 2 ServerAliveInterval 400 </syntaxhighlight> Options given as runtime arguments will override even those in the configuration file. However, not all options can be set or overriden by the user. Those options which may not be set or overridden will be ignored. ====''~/.ssh/known_hosts''==== This file is local to the user account and contains the known keys for remote hosts. Often these are collected from the hosts when connecting for the first time, but they can be added manually. As with those keys stored in the global file, '''/etc/ssh/ssh_known_hosts''', these keys are used to verify the identity of the remote host, thus protecting against impersonation or man-in-the-middle attacks. With each subsequent connection the key will be compared to the key provided by the remote server. If there is a match, the connection will proceed. If the match fails, [http://man.openbsd.org/ssh.1 ssh(1)] will fail with an error message. If there is no key at all listed for that remote host, then the key's fingerprint will be displayed and there will be the option to automatically add the key to the file. This file can be created and edited manually, but if it does not exist it will be created automatically by [http://man.openbsd.org/ssh.1 ssh(1)] when it first connects to a remote host. The '''~/.ssh/known_hosts''' file can use either hashed or clear text host names. Even with hashed names, it can still be searched using [http://man.openbsd.org/ssh-keygen.1 ssh-keygen(1)] using the '''-F''' option. <syntaxhighlight lang="shell"> $ ssh-keygen -F server3.example.com </syntaxhighlight> The default file to be searched will be '''~/.ssh/known_hosts''' and the key is printed if found. A different file can be searched using the '''-f''' option. If a key must be removed from the file, the '''-R''' option works similarly to search by host and then remove it if found even if the host name is hashed. <syntaxhighlight lang="shell"> $ ssh-keygen -R server4.example.com -f ~/.ssh/known_hosts </syntaxhighlight> When a key is removed, it will then be appended to the file '''~/.ssh/known_hosts.old''' in case it is needed later. Again, see the manual page for [http://man.openbsd.org/sshd.8 sshd(8)] for the format of these '''known_host''' files. If a non-default file is used with either '''-F''' or '''-R''' then the name including the path must be specified using '''-f'''. But '''-f''' is optional if the default file is intended. If the global file '''/etc/ssh/ssh_known_hosts''' is used then it should be prepared by the system administrator to contain the public host keys of all necessary hosts and it should be world-readable. =====Manually Adding Public Keys to ~/.ssh/known_hosts ===== Manually adding public host keys to '''known_hosts''' is a matter of adding one unbroken line per key. How the key is obtained is not important, as long as it is complete, valid, and '''guaranteed to be the real key and not a fake'''. The utility [http://man.openbsd.org/ssh-keyscan.1 ssh-keyscan(1)] can fetch a key and [http://man.openbsd.org/ssh-keygen.1 ssh-keygen(1)] can be used to show the fingerprint for verification. See examples in the cookbook chapter on [[OpenSSH/Cookbook/Public_Key_Authentication | Public Key Authentication]] for methods of verification. Again, the corresponding system-wide file is '''/etc/ssh/ssh_known_hosts''' =====About the Contents of the known_hosts Files===== The '''known_hosts''' file is for verifying the identity of other systems. [http://man.openbsd.org/ssh.1 ssh(1)] can automatically add keys to the user's file, but they can be added manually as well. The file contains a list of public keys for all the hosts which the user has connected to. It can also include public keys for hosts that the user plans to log into but are not already in the system-wide list of known host keys. Usually when connecting to a host for the first time, [http://man.openbsd.org/ssh.1 ssh(1)] adds the remote host's public key to the user's '''known_hosts''' file, but this behavior can be tuned. The format is one public key or certificate per unbroken line. Each line in contains a host name, number of bits, exponent, and modulus. At the beginning of the line is either the host name or a hash representing the host name. An optional comment can follow at the end of the line. These can be preceded by an optional marker to indicate a certificate authority, if an SSH certificate is used instead of a SSH key. These fields are separated by spaces. It is possible to use a comma-separated list of hosts in the host name field if a host has multiple names or if the same key is used on multiple machines in a server pool. Here are two examples for hosts with the basic host names: <pre> anoncvs.fr.openbsd.org,93.184.34.123 ssh-rsa AAAA...njvPw== anoncvs.eu.openbsd.org ssh-rsa AAAAB3Nz...cTqGvaDhgtAhw== </pre> Non-standard ports can be indicated by enclosing the host name with square brackets and following with a colon and the port number. Here are three examples referring to hosts listening for SSH on non-standard ports: <pre> [ssh.example.org]:2222 ssh-rsa AAAAB3Nz...AKy2R2OE= [127.0.0.2]:4922 ssh-rsa AAAAB4mV...1d6j= [anga.funkfeuer.at]:2022,[78.41.115.130]:2022 ssh-rsa AAAAB...fgTHaojQ== </pre> Host name patterns can be created using "'''*'''" and "'''?'''" as wildcards and "'''!'''" to indicate negation. Up to one optional marker per line is allowed. If present it must be either '''@cert-authority''' or '''@revoked'''. The former shows that the key is a certificate authority key, the latter flags the key as revoked and not acceptable for use. See [http://man.openbsd.org/sshd.8 sshd(8)] for further details on the format of this file and [http://man.openbsd.org/ssh-keygen.1 ssh-keygen(1)] for managing the keys. ===Server-Side Client Files=== These client files reside on the server. By default they are kept in the user's directory. However, the server can be configured to look for them in other locations if needed. ====''~/.ssh/authorized_keys''==== '''authorized_keys''' is a one-key-per-line register of public ECDSA, RSA, ED25519, and MLDSA44-Ed25519 keys that this account can use to log in with. The file's contents are not highly sensitive, but the recommended permissions are read/write for the user and not accessible by others. As always, the whole key including options and comments must be on a single, unbroken line. <pre> ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAA...41Ev521Ei2hvz7S2QNr1zAiVaOFy5Lwc8Lo+Jk= </pre> Lines starting with a hash (#) are ignored and can be used as comments. Whitespace separates the key's fields, which are in sequence an optional list of login options, the key type (usually ssh-rsa or better like ecdsa-sha2-nistp256), the key itself encoded as base64, and an optional comment. If a key is followed by an annotation, the comment does not need to be wrapped in quotes. It has no effect on what the key does or how it works. Here is an annotated key, the comment having been generated with the '''-C''' option [http://man.openbsd.org/ssh-keygen.1 ssh-keygen(1)]: <pre> ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAA...zAiVaOFy5Lwc8Lo+Jk= Fred @ Project FOOBAR </pre> Keys can be preceded by a comma-separated list of options to affect what happens upon successful login. The first key below forces the session to launch '''tinyfugue''' automatically, the second forcibly sets the PATH environment variable: <pre> command="/usr/bin/tinyfugue" ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAA...OFy5Lwc8Lo+Jk= environment="PATH=/bin:/usr/bin/:/opt/gtm/bin" ssh-rsa AAAAB3N...4Y2t1j= </pre> The format of '''authorized_keys''' is described in the [http://man.openbsd.org/sshd.8 sshd(8)] manual page. Old keys should be deleted from the file when no longer needed. The server can specify multiple locations for '''authorized_keys'''. That is done using the '''AuthorizedKeysFile''' directive in the server's configuration. See the next section, [[#Server-Side_Client_Key_Login_Options|Server-Side Client Key Login Options]], for details. ====''~/.ssh/authorized_principals''==== By default this file does not exist. If it is specified in [http://man.openbsd.org/sshd_config.5 sshd_config(5)] by the AuthorizedKeysFile or AuthorizedPrincipalsCommand directives in the server's configuration. It contains a list of names which can be used in place of the username when authorizing a certificate. This option is useful for role accounts, disjoint account namespaces and "user@realm"-style naming policies in certificates. Principals can also be specified in '''authorized_keys'''. ====''~/.ssh/environment''==== If the server is configured to accept user-supplied, automatic changes to environment variables as part of the login process, then these changes can be set in this file. If the server, the environment file and an authorization key all try to change the same variable, the file '''environment''' takes precedence over what a key might contain. Either one will override any environment variables that might have been passed by [http://man.openbsd.org/ssh.1 ssh(1)] using '''SendEnv'''. Authentication keys stored in '''authorized_keys''' can also be used to set variables. See also the '''AcceptEnv''' and '''PermitUserEnvironment''' directives in the manual page for [http://man.openbsd.org/sshd_config.5 sshd_config(5)]. ====''~/.ssh/rc''==== This is a script which is executed by [http://man.openbsd.org/sh.1 sh(1)] just before the user's shell or command is started. It is not run if '''ForceCommand''' is used. The script is run after reading the environment variables. The corresponding global file, '''/etc/ssh/sshrc''', is not run if the user's '''rc''' script exists. ===Local Account Public / Private Key Pairs=== People might have a variety ECDSA, Ed25519, MLDSA44-Ed25519, and RSA keys stored in the file system. Since version 8.2, two new key types ECDSA-SK and Ed25519-SK, along with corresponding certificate types are available for keys tied to FIDO/U2F tokens. Since 10.6 there can be keys which use the MLDSA44-Ed25519 post-quantum signature algorithm. Though individual accounts can maintain their own list of keys or certificates for authentication or to verify the identity of remote hosts in any directory, the most common location is in the '''~/.ssh/''' directory. The naming convention for keys is only a convention but recommended to follow anyway. Public keys usually have the same name as the private key, but with '''.pub''' appended to the name. Trouble can arise if the names of the public and private keys do not match. If there is more than one key pair, then [http://man.openbsd.org/ssh-keygen.1 ssh-keygen(1)] can use the '''-f''' option when generating keys to produce a useful name along with the '''-C''' option which embeds a relevant comment inside the key pair. People, programs, and scripts can authenticate using a private key stored on the system, or even a private key fetched from a smartcard, if the corresponding public key is stored in '''authorized_keys''' on the remote system. The '''authorized_keys''' file is not highly sensitive, but the recommended permissions are read/write for the user, and not accessible by others. The private keys, however, are very sensitive and should not be readable or even visible to other accounts. They should never leave the client and should certainly never be put on the server. See the chapter on [[OpenSSH/Cookbook/Public_Key_Authentication | Public Key Authentication]] for more discussion and examples. The keys can be preceded by a comma-separated list of options. The whole key must be on a single, unbroken line. No spaces are permitted, except within double quotes. Any text after the key itself is considered a comment. The '''authorized_keys''' file is a one-key-per line register of public RSA, Ed25519, MLDSA44-Ed25519, ECDSA, Ed25519-SK, and ECDSA-SK keys that can be used to log into a particular account. See the section above on the '''authorized_keys''' file for more discussion. DSA support has been removed from OpenSSH starting with 10.0 in 2025 and was considered deprecated since 2015. Therefore the time has passed for DSA keys. They are no longer considered safe and should be replaced with better keys. Per-account [[OpenSSH/Cookbook/Host-based_Authentication| Host-based Authentication Configuration]] is also possible using the '''~/.shosts''', '''~/.rhosts''', '''~/.ssh/environment''', and '''~/.ssh/rc''' files. ====Client Public Keys==== These are only the default names for the public keys. The actual file name can be anything and the location be any directory. '''~/.ssh/id_ecdsa.pub''' '''~/.ssh/id_ed25519.pub''' '''~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub''' '''~/.ssh/id_ecdsa-sk.pub''' '''~/.ssh/id_ed25519-sk.pub''' '''~/.ssh/id_ecdsa-sk_rk.pub''' '''~/.ssh/id_ed25519-sk_rk.pub''' '''~/.ssh/id_mldsa44-ed25519.pub''' Again, it can be a good idea to give more relevant names to keys. The '''*-sk.pub''' keys are those bound with a hardware security token and the '''*-sk_rk.pub''' keys are those generated from resident keys stored within hardware security token. Public keys are mainly used on the remote server for key-based authentication. Public keys are not sensitive and are allowed to be readable by anyone, unlike the private keys, but don't need to be. A public key, minus comments and restriction options, can be regenerated from a private key if lost. So while it can be useful to keep backups of the public key, it is not essential unlike for private keys. ====Client Private Keys==== Like with the client's public keys, the actual file names for the private keys can be anything and their location be in any directory. Here are the default names for client private keys. '''~/.ssh/id_ecdsa''' '''~/.ssh/id_ed25519''' '''~/.ssh/id_rsa''' '''~/.ssh/id_ecdsa-sk''' '''~/.ssh/id_ed25519-sk''' '''~/.ssh/id_ecdsa-sk_rk''' '''~/.ssh/id_ed25519-sk_rk''' '''~/.ssh/id_mldsa44-ed25519''' Private keys are always considered sensitive data and should be readable only by the user and not accessible by others. In other words, they use mode 0600. The directory they are in should also have mode 0700 or 0500. If a private key file is accessible by others, [http://man.openbsd.org/ssh.1 ssh(1)] will ignore it. It is possible to specify a passphrase when generating the key which will be used to encrypt the sensitive part of this file using AES128. Until version 5.3, the cipher 3DES was used to encrypt the passphrase. Old keys using 3DES that are given new passphrases will use AES128 when they are modified. Private keys stored in hardware tokens as resident keys can be extracted and automatically used to generate their corresponding public key using [http://man.openbsd.org/ssh-keygen.1 ssh-keygen(1)] with the '''-K''' option. Such keys will default to being named '''id_ecdsa-sk_rk''', '''id_ed25519-sk_rk''', or '''id_mldsa44-ed25519''', depending on the key type, though the file names can be changed after extraction. A passphrase can be assigned to the private key upon extraction from the token to a file. While public keys can be generated from private keys, new private keys cannot be regenerated from public keys if the private keys are lost. Nor can a new passphrase be set if the current one is forgotten. Gone is gone, unlike the public keys, which can be regenerated from an existing private key if the private key is lost or forgotten then a whole new key pair must be generated and deployed. ===Legacy Files=== These files might be encountered on very old or out of date systems but not on up-to-date ones. ====''~/.shosts''==== ====''~/.rhosts''==== '''.rhosts''' is a legacy from rsh containing a local list of trusted host-user pairs that are allowed to log in. Login requests matching an entry were granted access. See also the global list of trusted host-user pairs, '''/etc/hosts.equiv''' '''rhosts''' can be used as part of host-based authentication. Otherwise it is recommended not to use rhosts for authentication, there are a lot of ways to misconfigure the '''.rhosts''' file. ====Legacy DSA Keys ~/.ssh/id_dsa ~/.ssh/id_dsa.pub==== Deprecated DSA keys might be found named as '''id_dsa''' and '''id_dsa.pub''', but regardless of the name any usage should be tracked down. Support for DSA both on the server and client was discontinued in OpenSSH 7.0 and fully removed in OpenSSH 10.0. If DSA keys are found, the pair should be removed and replaced with a better type of key. ====Legacy SSH1 Protocol Keys ~/.ssh/identity ~/.ssh/identity.pub==== The files '''identity''' and '''identity.pub''' were for SSH protocol version 1, and thus deprecated. If found they should be investigated as to what, if anything, uses them and why. Then once any remaining usage is resolved they should be removed and replaced with newer key types. ==Mapping Client Options And Configuration Directives== Many run-time options for the SSH client have corresponding configuration directives and vice versa. The following is a quick overview. It is not a substitute for getting familiar with the relevant manual pages, [https://man.openbsd.org/ssh.1 ssh(1)] and [https://man.openbsd.org/ssh_config.5 ssh_config(5)] which are the relevant, authoritative, up-to-date resources on the matter. {| class="wikitable" style="caption-side: bottom;" |+ Lookup Table of OpenSSH Client Options Versus Configuration Directives |- style="border-bottom: thick solid #000;" ! Directive ! Option ! Description |- ! AddressFamily ! -4 / -6 | Limit connections to IPv4 or IPv6 only. |- ! ForwardAgent ! -A / -a | Forward or block forwarding from the authentication agent. |- ! BindInterface ! -B | Bind the outgoing connection to this network interface. |- ! BindAddress ! -b | Bind the outgoing connection to this network address. |- ! Compression ! -C | Specify whether to compress the data using [http://man.openbsd.org/gzip.1 gzip(1)]. |- ! Ciphers ! -c | Specify which cipher to use. |- ! DynamicForward ! -D | Designate a local port to be forwarded, say for SOCKS5. |- ! EscapeChar ! -e | Specify an escape character for PTY sessions. |- ! ForkAfterAuthentication ! -f | Drop client to background right before command execution. |- ! GatewayPorts ! -g | Whether other hosts are allowed to connect to local forwarded ports. |- ! PKCS11Provider ! -I | Specify the path to the shared PKCS#11 library. |- ! IdentityFile ! -i | Specify a particular certificate or private key to use for authentication. |- ! ProxyJump ! -J | Connect to the destination via this host or hosts first. |- ! GSSAPIAuthentication ! -K / -k | Enable or disable Generic Security Services Application Program Interface (GSSAPI) authentication. |- ! LocalForward ! -L | Specify which local port or socket to forward to the specified remote system. |- ! User ! -l | Designate which account on the remote system to try. |- ! ControlMaster ! -M | Allow multiplexing of SSH sessions over a single TCP connection. |- ! MACs ! -m | Designate which message authentication code (MAC) algorithms to try. |- ! SessionType ! -N / -s | Invoke a designated subsystem or even prevent any command execution at all. |- ! StdinNull ! -n | Prevent reading from '''stdin'''. |- ! Tag ! -P | Tag for use within '''Match'''. |- ! Port ! -p | Connect to this port on the remote system. |- ! LogLevel ! -q / -v | Adjust the verbosity of logging messages from the client. |- ! RemoteForward ! -R | Specify which remote port or socket to forward to the specified local system. |- ! ControlPath ! -S | Designate the control socket for multiplexing over this connection. |- ! RequestTTY ! -T / -t | Prohibit or request a pseudo-TTY for the session. |- ! ForwardX11 ! -X / -x | Enable or prohibit X11 forwarding. |} As of version 8.7 the '''-f''', '''-N''', and '''-n''' options also have corresponding client configuration directives in [https://man.openbsd.org/ssh_config.5 ssh_config(5)]. Other directives, like WarnWeakCrypto do not have run time options. ==Server-Side Client Key Login Options== The login options available for use in the local user authorized keys file might be overridden or blocked by the server's own settings. However, within that constraint, the following options can be used. '''cert-authority''' Specifies that the listed key is a certification authority (CA) trusted to validate signed certificates for user authentication. Certificates may encode access restrictions similar to key options. If both certificate restrictions and key restrictions are present, then the most restrictive union of the two is applied. '''command="''program''"''' Specifies a program and its options to be executed when the key is used for authentication. This is a good way of forcing a program to restrict a key to a single, specific operation such as a remote backup. However, TCP and X11 forwarding are still allowed unless explicitly disabled elsewhere. The program is run on a PTY if the client requests it, otherwise the default is to run without a TTY. The default, running without a TTY, provides an 8-bit clean channel. If the default has been changed, specify '''no-pty''' to get an 8-bit clean channel. If no programs are allowed, then use an empty string "" to prevent anything from running. <pre> no-pty,command="" ssh-ed25519 AAAAC3NzaC1lZDI1NTE5AAAAID...mS1EkorvuQM7Ipl </pre> If only one program is allowed, with specific options, then it can be spelled out explicitly. <pre> restrict,command="/usr/bin/svnserve -t --tunnel-user=fred" ssh-ed25519 AAAAC3NzaC1lZDI1NT...skSUlrRPoLyUq </pre> Quotes provided in the program's options must be escaped using a backslash. ('\') <pre> command="sh -c \"mysqldump db1 -u fred1 -p\"" ssh-ed25519 AAAAC3NzaC1lZDI1NTE5AAAAID...mS1EkorvuQM7Ipl </pre> This option applies to execution of the shell, another program, or a subsystem. Thus any other programs specified by the user are ignored when '''command''' is present. However, the program originally specified by the client remains available as the environment variable '''SSH_ORIGINAL_COMMAND'''. That can be used by a script in a multiple-choice case statement, for example, to allow the account to select from a limited range of actions. '''environment="''NAME''=''value''"''' Sets the value of an environment variable when this key is used to log in. It overrides default values of the variable, if they exist. This option can be repeated to set multiple variables up to 1024 discrete names. First match wins in the case of repetition. This option is only allowed if the '''PermitUserEnvironment''' option is set in the SSH server's configuration. The default is that it is disabled. This option used to be disabled automatically when '''UseLogin''' was enabled, but '''UseLogin''' has been deprecated. '''expiry-time="''timespec''"''' Sets a date or date-time, either as a YYYYMMDD date or a YYYYMMDDHHMM[SS], after which the key will not be allowed to authenticate. Otherwise the key will be considered valid indefinitely. The system time zone is used. '''from="''pattern-list''"''' Either the canonical name of the remote host or its IP address required in addition to the key. Addresses and host names can be listed using a comma-separated list of patterns, see PATTERNS in [http://man.openbsd.org/ssh_config.5 ssh_config(5)] for more information on patterns, or use the CIDR address/masklen notation. '''no-agent-forwarding / agent-forwarding''' This option forbids the authentication agent from forwarding the key when it is used for authentication. Alternately, it allows agent forwarding even if it was otherwise previously disabled by the '''restrict''' option. '''no-port-forwarding / port-forwarding''' Forbids TCP forwarding and any port forward requests by the client will return an error when this key is used for authentication. Alternately, override the '''restrict''' option and allow port forwarding. See also '''permitopen'''. '''no-pty / pty''' TTY allocation is prohibited and any request to allocate a PTY will fail. Alternately, TTY allocation is permitted, even if previously disabled by the '''restrict''' option. '''no-touch-required''' FIDO keys which have been created with the '''-O no-touch-required''' can use this method which makes the client skip the check for user presence. '''no-user-rc / user-rc''' Use the '''no-user-rc''' option in '''authorized_keys''' to disable execution of '''~/.ssh/rc '''. Alternately, use '''user-rc''' to override the '''restrict''' option. '''no-X11-forwarding / x11-forwarding''' Prevent X11 forwarding when this key is used for authentication and requests to forward X11 will return an error. Alternately, override the '''restrict''' option and allow X11 forwarding. '''permitlisten="[''host'':]''port''"''' '''permitopen="''host'':''port''"''' The '''permitlisten''' setting limits remote port forwarding (<code>ssh -R</code>) to only the specified port and, optionally, host. In contrast, '''permitopen''' limits local port forwarding (<code>ssh -L</code>) to only the specified host and port. IPv6 addresses can be specified with an alternative syntax: host/port. Multiple '''permitopen''' or '''permitlisten''' options may be used and must be separated by commas. No pattern matching is performed on the specified host names, they must be literal host names or IP addresses. Can be used in conjunction with agent-forwarding. '''principals="''name1''[,''name2'',...]"''' Specify a list of names that may be used in place of the username when authorizing a certificate trusted via the '''TrustedCAKeys''' option described in [http://man.openbsd.org/sshd_config.5 sshd_config(5)]. '''restrict''' Disable all options, such as TTY allocation, port forwarding, agent forwarding, user-rc, and X11 forwarding all at once. Specific options can then be explicitly allowed on an individual basis. '''tunnel="''n''"''' Select a specific [http://man.openbsd.org/tun.4 tun(4)] device on the server. Otherwise when a tunnel device is requested without this option the next available device will be used. '''verify-required''' Require user-verification, such as with a PIN, with FIDO keys. ==Managing Keys== When working with keys there are some basic, hopefully common sense, actions that should take place to prevent problems. The two most beneficial approaches are to use sensible names for the key files and to embed comments. The '''-f''' option for [http://man.openbsd.org/ssh-keygen.1 ssh-keygen(1)] allows a custom name to be set. The '''-C''' option allows a comment to be embedded in both the public and private keys. With the comment inside the private key, it can be regenerated automatically if a replacement public key is ever made using the '''-y''' option. Other than that, there are three main rules of thumb for managing keys: * Keys should use strong passphrases. If autonomous logins are required, then the keys should be first loaded into an agent and used from there. See [http://man.openbsd.org/ssh-add.1 ssh-add(1)] to get started there. It uses [http://man.openbsd.org/ssh-agent.1 ssh-agent(1)] which many systems have installed and some have running by default. * Keys should always be stored in protected locations, even on the client side. This is especially important for private keys. The private keys should not have read permissions for any user or group other than their owner. They should also be kept in a directory that is not accessible by anyone other than the owner in order to limit exposure. * Old and unused keys should be removed from the server. In particular, keys without a known, valid purpose should be removed and not allowed to accumulate. Using the comment field in the public key for annotation can help eliminate some of the confusion as to the purpose and owner once some time has passed. Along those lines, keys should be rotated at intervals. Rotation means generating new key pairs and removing the old ones. This gives a chance to remove old and unused keys. It is also an opportunity to review access needs, whether access is required and if so at what level. Following the principle of least privilege can limit the chance for accidents or abuse. If a key is only needed to run a specific application or script, then its login options should be limited to just what is needed. See [http://man.openbsd.org/sshd.8 sshd(8)] for the "AUTHORIZED_KEYS FILE FORMAT" section on key login options. For root level access, it is important to remember to configure '''/etc/sudoers''' or '''/etc/doas.conf''' appropriately. Access there can be granted to a specific application and even limit that application to specific options. One major drawback to keys is that they never expire and are valid indefinitely in principle. In contrast, certificates can be assigned a validity interval with an end date, after which they can no longer be used. However, hardware security tokens can help with the culling of old keys. Hardware-backed keys, such as Ed25519-SK and ECDSA-SK, are usable only in the presence of the hardware token to which the key is bound. Once the token is recovered and cleared, the key that was associated with it becomes unusable. Both keys and certificates can be tied to hardware tokens via the -sk formats. The formats which are actually available depend on the token type and version. However, if an actual expiration date is needed, then certificates should be used instead. <noinclude>{{OpenSSH/TOC|mini}}</noinclude> {{BookCat}} {{status|100%}} lrtdt9lxhzwwappfrfuyqqu06307zs8 User:DVD206/Kernel of Dirichlet-to-Neumann map 2 282196 4679300 3321177 2026-10-31T16:27:39Z Xqbot 3136628 Fixing double redirect from [[On 2D Inverse Problems/Kernel of Dirichlet-to-Neumann map]] to [[On 2D Inverse Problems/Two models#of Dirichlet-to-Neumann map]] 4679300 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[On 2D Inverse Problems/Two models#of Dirichlet-to-Neumann map]] 1dqvlt8vv6n7gv1reruri03m257r0da User:DVD206/Pick-Nevanlinna interpolation 2 282264 4679301 3321209 2026-10-31T16:27:44Z Xqbot 3136628 Fixing double redirect from [[On 2D Inverse Problems/Pick-Nevanlinna interpolation]] to [[On 2D Inverse Problems/Radial#Pick-Nevanlinna interpolation]] 4679301 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[On 2D Inverse Problems/Radial#Pick-Nevanlinna interpolation]] pbw390xg3kqtsnc2kk7tm6rmindjyxd User:DVD206/Cauchy matrices 2 282265 4679298 3321144 2026-10-31T16:27:29Z Xqbot 3136628 Fixing double redirect from [[On 2D Inverse Problems/Cauchy matrices]] to [[On 2D Inverse Problems/Radial#Cauchy matrices]] 4679298 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[On 2D Inverse Problems/Radial#Cauchy matrices]] 05tuglg7iwajbiwjowf8a30kzma5vyt User:DVD206/Solution of the inverse problem 2 282266 4679305 3321225 2026-10-31T16:28:04Z Xqbot 3136628 Fixing double redirect from [[On 2D Inverse Problems/Solution of the inverse problem]] to [[On 2D Inverse Problems/Radial#Solutions of the problem]] 4679305 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[On 2D Inverse Problems/Radial#Solutions of the problem]] cyvfnsj7ptduh204xkqntv4445ueyyz On 2D Inverse Problem/Solution of the inverse problem 0 282267 4679293 2448968 2026-10-31T16:27:04Z Xqbot 3136628 Fixing double redirect from [[On 2D Inverse Problems/Solution of the inverse problem]] to [[On 2D Inverse Problems/Radial#Solutions of the problem]] 4679293 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[On 2D Inverse Problems/Radial#Solutions of the problem]] cyvfnsj7ptduh204xkqntv4445ueyyz On 2D Inverse Porblem/Pick-Nevanlinna interpolation 0 282268 4679291 2449413 2026-10-31T16:26:54Z Xqbot 3136628 Fixing double redirect from [[On 2D Inverse Problems/Pick-Nevanlinna interpolation]] to [[On 2D Inverse Problems/Radial#Pick-Nevanlinna interpolation]] 4679291 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[On 2D Inverse Problems/Radial#Pick-Nevanlinna interpolation]] pbw390xg3kqtsnc2kk7tm6rmindjyxd On 2D Inverse Porblems/Pick-Nevanlinna interpolation 0 282269 4679292 2448975 2026-10-31T16:26:59Z Xqbot 3136628 Fixing double redirect from [[On 2D Inverse Problems/Pick-Nevanlinna interpolation]] to [[On 2D Inverse Problems/Radial#Pick-Nevanlinna interpolation]] 4679292 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[On 2D Inverse Problems/Radial#Pick-Nevanlinna interpolation]] pbw390xg3kqtsnc2kk7tm6rmindjyxd A-level Mathematics/MEI/C3/Functions 0 283355 4679369 3249435 2026-10-31T22:38:34Z WereSpielChequers 248949 typo 4679369 wikitext text/x-wiki = Functions = Functions are things that take in an input and return an output. In lower years they are generally referred to as function machines. A simple function would look like this: <math> f(x) = 2x </math> . We can input a value into a function and return an answer for example substituting into out previous function the value of 2: <math> f(2)=2 \times 2=4 </math>. Almost all equations you meet in Core 3 will be under 4th order (i.e. no higher power than <math> x^4 </math> )<br> All functions can be talked about in terms of inputs (Domain) and co-domain or range (outputs). We often plot functions on graphs in which case the Domain goes on the x-axis and the range on the y-axis. ==Combining functions== Functions can be added. Whether the 2 equations that define the function are added and then the wanted input substituted in or whether the results of the original functions are substituted in and then these answers summed, the result will always be the same. Functions can be substituted into each other, in this case things get interesting. To illustrate this I will use two functions. I will define these 2 functions <math> f </math> and <math> g </math>. <br> <math> f(x) = 2x + 1</math> <br> <math> g(x) = x^2 </math> <br> <math> fg(x)= f(g(x)) = f(x^2)=2x^2 +1 </math> <br> <math> gf(x) = g(f(x))=g(2x) = (2x+1)^2 = 4x^2 + 4x +1 </math> As we can see from this example that equations substituted into each other do not always return the same result, in fact they very rarely do return the same result. = Mappings = There are 4 different types of mapping. These are: Many to Many<br> One to Many<br> Many to One<br> One to One {{BookCat}} k36c2464ijwud0ktaoxsfq688m536js Aros/Platforms/Arm Raspberry Pi support 0 286123 4679334 4678992 2026-10-31T17:41:58Z Jeff1138 301139 4679334 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ArosNav}} [[#Native]] [[#Hosted]] [[#Build]] [[#Hardware]] [[#References]] [[#Future]] ==Introduction== [[File:Scalos00.png|thumb|Scalos on Aros Pi3b]] Aros aims to cover Pi 3 to 5 512Mb+ RAM Options to boot from using a good power source to prevent the yellow lightning symbol. *With Pi3b+ the max you can get is 5.1V 2.5A with micro usb. *With Pi4 5.1V 3A with usb-c *With Pi5 5.1V 5A, the amps went ever upwards, even to 5.1V 9A with usb-c * Pi500+ keyboard wedge - working but not much tested esp [https://github.com/aros-development-team/AROS/commit/48e9c8edcca4b5c1e1fe0b1123f2129f624af67b power button] * Pi500 wedge with up to date bootloader via PiOS - working but not much testing esp [https://github.com/aros-development-team/AROS/commit/48e9c8edcca4b5c1e1fe0b1123f2129f624af67b power button] * Pi 5 - Quad A76 64bit ARMv8 and RP1 "southbridge" with VideoCore 7 D0 (rev1.1) - untested * Pi 5 - Quad A76 64bit ARMv8 and RP1 "southbridge" with VideoCore 7 Pre-D0 C1 (Rev1.0) - untested * Pi400 RPI-400 keyboard wedge - resolution changing and audio from micro hdmi0 (near 40pin) and micro hdmi1 (near usb-c psu) - Fn F10 0x5e power on and off works or held down for over 7 seconds auto shutdown - keyboard ok - wifi and lan ethernet testing - * Pi 4 - Quad A72 64bit ARMv8 with VideoCore 6 * Pi 3 - Quad A53 [https://www.raspberrypi.com/documentation/computers/processors.html 64 bit] ARMv8 with VideoCore 4 with '''fan''' to prevent overheating cpu 82C+ throttling * Pi02W - Quad A53 64bit - boots but [https://forums.raspberrypi.com/viewtopic.php?p=2387984#p2387984 usb not working but did in the past], * Pi 2 - Quad 32bit ARMv6 with VideoCore 4 - mostly not 64bit compatible * Pi Model B+ 32bit ARMv6 with VideoCore 4 - not 64bit compatible * Pi Model A and B 32bit ARMv6 with VideoCore 4 - not 64bit compatible ===Native=== * 2013-03 Kalamatee starts work * 2015-04 Work continues with mschulz on the kernel and Kalamatee (NicJA) on gpio and usb * 2018 [https://www.patreon.com/posts/i-owe-you-some-20956961 mschulz resume adding BE big endian support], [https://www.patreon.com/michal_schulz/posts Big endian on Pi] * 2026 [https://github.com/aros-development-team/AROS/commits?author=bsek latest commits for pi 3b, 4 and 5 64bit] * 2026 [https://github.com/aros-development-team/AROS/commits?author=metaneutrons latest commits for Pi5] * 2026 [https://github.com/aros-development-team/AROS/commits?author=bitplane latest commits for ARM] ====64bit==== '''Download''' A [https://archive.org/details/piAROS Pi Distribution (Distro) has started] and the contents copied to fat32 8GB+ microSD card (there will be drawers/folders - boot c Classes Demos Developer Devs Extras etc only showing). The SD can be plugged in to the Pi. And power on. [https://pi.amiga.icu/ Repository] '''Not recommended''' but [https://aros.sourceforge.io/nightly1.html RaspberryPi 3, 3+, 4 and 5 64bit ArmV8 nightly builds] [https://sourceforge.net/projects/aros/files/ and alternative site and nightly2] which is a test version of '''very few''' apps with both raspi-aarch64-system and raspi-aarch64-contrib can be unbz2'd to a SD or SSD as appropriate. 64bit build works well on a single core LE little endian. [https://aros.sourceforge.io/nightly1.html raspi-aarch64-smp-system multicore is available] [https://github.com/aros-development-team/AROS/commit/1df0747c2bda3523a43029725a709b1f377d84ec]. Any issues booting could be down to the SD card so please use another SD to see if it is resolved. Remember Aros Arm uses FAT32 and Aros can detect issues with this format very acutely (once fault found, FAT 0x0FFFFFF7 bad cluster so no files written after that, no repair). Please report your experiences in the [https://www.arosworld.org/infusions/forum/viewthread.php?thread_id=2138&pid=15057#post_15057 Aros forum thread], [https://forums.raspberrypi.com/viewforum.php?f=179 Raspberry Pi Aros Dev and User forums], [https://forums.raspberrypi.com/viewtopic.php?p=2387984#p2387984 previous Raspberry Pi forum thread]. Any bugs or issues can be [https://github.com/aros-development-team/AROS/issues described here to fix] *Pi500+ untested usb3 booting or nvme ssd *Pi500 untested usb3 booting *Pi5 untested usb3 booting *Pi400 boots with '''USB3''' port based sata3 ssd *Pi4 untested (may need eeprom update from PiOS or Pi SD Imager) *Pi 3 B+ is pre-configured for USB sata3 boot - untested *Pi 3 B may need [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ubnwvxF3Klc PiOS to set OTP to boot from usb - do so at your own risk] - if OTP set to usb, boot works but slower than SD card Speed write wise (top faster) <pre> *NVME Pi5 untested >1000MB/sec or faster if matched correctly *Sata3 ssd 500MB/sec *SD V90 90MB/sec 4K maybe 8K *SD V60 60MB/sec 1080p *SD U3 V30 30MB/sec 720p *SD C10 U1 V10 A1 A2 10MB/sec minimum should be used now *SD C06 6MB/sec *SD C04 4MB/sec </pre> As a homage to the past, Aros shows a reduced number of icons but this can be changed by left mouse click in the window and then right click down to Window -> View -> All files Windows can be manipulated by the top (moving) and the bottom right corner (resizing) only. Zune like MUI gui interface, has a unique quirk in that after changing a setting in a text box, you may sometimes need to press Enter/Return before clicking OK, Save, etc Double left mouse click on most picture (Developer/Debug/Tests/Datatypes), audio and video files are supported, via datatypes, by the multiview application. Esc escape key usually closes open windows even the desktop In Prefs/Appearance some decorative theming elements need work. There is a few Mason icons in /Prefs/Presets/Icons/Mason/ and the ever present default Gorilla - Icon exchange in works For more intensive graphics applications, you may need to edit config.txt in the root folder and change 128M to 256M to adjust more memory to graphics usage If your cursor should '''appear''' to vanish, fear not it is still there. Please head to the top of the screen i.e. the title bar, hold down the left click mouse and drag the screen down a little and the cursor will appear again. Then you can drag the screen up again. Like most amiga like OSs the audio and networking need to be setup manually Audio AHI prefs - Mode settings tab - needs both Music unit and Unit 0 set to RPiHDMI:16 bit stereo++ or RPiPWM:16 bit stereo++ at 44100Hz. Press '''Save or Use''' button after each choice For wireless, please use the Wifi prefs and already selected device bwfm.device. Press Scan and double right click on the router and enter password. You may need to setup after every power off *if asking for password again - press cancel and go to Network Prefs, Wireless Networks tab and highlight the router line and hit the remove button and press the cancel button. Retry with Wifi prefs again *...waiting for an address - Disconnect and try Connect Until, Connected to <router> - 192.168.x.x For lan ethernet port, please use Network prefs and the following hardware is *lan9514 Pi3b Pi2 not supported at the moment *lan7515 Pi3b+ type into Device usblan78xx.device as net0: remove other device(s) *bcmgenet Pi4 Pi400 choose for Device bcmgenet.device *cdnsgem Pi5 Pi500 Pi500+ RP1 i/o for cadencegem (network prefs may forget random information when rebooted) Summary <pre> *3b ethernet not supported, usb ethernet not working but wifi prefs setup works *3b+ wifi working and ethernet works *4 untested *400 wifi and ethernet untested *5 wifi and ethernet untested *500 wifi and ethernet untested *500+ wifi works </pre> Type in 'aarch64' in the [https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=search&tool=simple search box] and you will see available software packages / apps. apkg can be used to inspect and install applications. [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&cat=network/browser amelinium web browser (JS 1.6 ES9 ECMASCript 2018)] is available with an [https://eab.abime.net/showthread.php?t=122494&page=80 eab thread] reminiscent of [https://github.com/zapek/Voyager Voyager] and to a lesser extent [https://github.com/amigazen/aweb3/ Aweb JavaScript 1.5 (ECMAScript 3)] as css and javascript websites can be slow to load or resolve (no JIT). Press Cancel at screenmode selector or -wb argument to get windowed version. You could use the Shift + Del shortcut or mouse wheel should work to delete all text at once. Html5test gives 189 (1.29), 300 (1.31), 301 (1.39) out of 555. You may have to delete the cache (Menu -> Page -> Delete cache) to fully retest big Amelinium updates or free up space. Be aware [https://pianetaamiga.it/en/reportage-pianeta-amiga-2026/ some site pages] can use up hundreds of MBs of cache very quickly DNS lookup failed... close browser and reboot and setup wifi again - repeat until it works again youtube video and audio - js button for javascript must be on/shaded - Settings -> Soundoutput - AHI Any restriction to lower resolutions is due to [https://docs.invidious.io/faq/#q-where-are-the-360p480p1080p-quality-options bandwidth]. Either CPU/GPU, internet speed and/or video quality. Pi3 can expect up to 480p (wifi) and up to 720p (ethernet). Pi4 expect (wifi) (ethernet). If no separate audio stream error - set settings -> Video quality to 360p or lower as Youtube has a fallback mode at that level https://t.me/s/channel_name for Telegram public messages from [https://t.me/s/AROS_official AROS_official] [https://t.me/s/vamped_amiga vamped_amiga] [https://t.me/s/demoscenecracktros demoscenecracktros] *art local js apps like dpaint.js There is normally no Bluetooth support for most amiga like OSs but that has changed recently [https://github.com/aros-development-team/AROS/commit/6942cbfbf66426d21963a7fcd8aba6aff611a9e0 work in progress] [https://github.com/RPi-Distro/bluez-firmware/tree/pios/trixie/debian/firmware/broadcom firmware] *Bluetooth 4.1 BCM43430A1.hcd Pi3B, Pi3A, Zero 2W *Bluetooth 4.2 BCM4345C0.hcd Pi3B+, Pi4 *Bluetooth 5.0 BCM4345C5.hcd Pi4B rev, CM4 and maybe Pi5 and CM5 <pre> *bthid keyboard mouse support *btserial serial *btpan short range wireless connecting devices </pre> Only the Pi5 has a RTC real time clock, the other Pis will need to use ntp services [https://github.com/aros-development-team/AROS/commit/29cd4116330dc7f692d90757eacc59fb3f31ae70 sntp] with time.cloudflare.com pool.ntp.org or Cloudflare 162.159.200.1, 162.159.200.123, 2606:4700:f1::1, 2606:4700:f1::123 or [https://github.com/bohunamiga/PiNTP PiNTP -s goodtime.ijs.si or ntp1.ptb.de] to get the date and time from the internet. Can use date in a shell e.g. date 24-Dec-2026 23:59:59 but this will need to be done again after every reset/power off. Maybe [https://github.com/aros-development-team/AROS/commit/28674a157bc56175aa668e7b62dca6fa740578dc ds3231 rtc with dtoverlay=i2c-rtc,ds3231 in config.txt] It helps to have all usb devices already plugged in before power on to detect at the moment. Even then some usb devices will freeze the mouse cursor and the only resolution is to remove the offending usb device and reinsert. Sometimes, the reinsert leads to the mouse cursor vanishing, it is still there and responds to left mouse clicks, top of the screen and pull down the screen. USB classes support from Prefs/Trident is still work in process *usbaudio working on usb3 port (blue) on pi4, 400 but not working (no rt isochronous) on usb2otg (white or black) for pi3b, zero 2w *[https://aminet.net/package/mus/midi/camd camdusbmidi] detects midi devices without a preferences file (Prefs/Env-Archive/sys/midi.prefs) as [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RBxHkwy4Nrw auto setup now] possibly with [https://github.com/metaneutrons/mt32-pi metaneutrons mt32-pi] [https://github.com/rtzor/mt32-pi mt32-pi fork] [https://github.com/ahmadexp/mt32-pi fork] [https://github.com/gmcn42/mt32-pi-control control of] [https://github.com/dwhinham/mt32-pi mt32-pi pi3+]. Alternative of [https://homspace.nl/samplerbox/ SamplerBox]. Will need developer clang gcc tools to look at 64bit ports of [https://archives.arosworld.org/?function=showfile&file=driver/audio/usbmidi.i386-aros.lha usbmidi], [https://aminet.net/package/mus/midi/CAMD_Toolkit CAMD_Toolkit], [https://aminet.net/package/mus/midi/camdtools camdtools], [https://github.com/cnvogelg/amiditools amiditools], [https://github.com/timoinutilis/midi-sequencer-amigaos horny src], [https://aminet.net/package/mus/midi/horny-base horny-base], [http://bnp.hansfaust.de/index.html BnP], [https://arosarchives.os4depot.net/?function=showfile&file=audio/misc/timidity.lha timidity], Regarding 680x0 emulation, there are several options that could be considered *[https://github.com/kaffeine1/kaffeine kaffeine] *[https://github.com/aros-development-team/AROS/blob/6722a0ae9e03fe5d26e32703360bd2059e0864cc/rom/m68kemu/README.md?plain=1#L424 m68kemu.library] for some Amiga productivity where the cpu is emulated and the system calls are redirected to Aros ones *[https://github.com/BlitterStudio/amiberry amiberry] (winuae) for everything else like games *[https://github.com/jonx/AROS/tree/aarch64-darwin-graft/arch/all-darwin/libs/emu68k emu68k] *[https://scriptedamigaemulator.net/ Scripted Amiga] with [https://github.com/naTmeg/ScriptedAmigaEmulator ScriptedAmigaEmulator] or older [https://github.com/gbraad-amiga/ScriptedAmigaEmulator2 ScriptedAmigaEmulator2] [https://pinout.xyz/ GPIO 40 pins] [https://learn.sparkfun.com/tutorials/raspberry-gpio/gpio-pinout pinout] Some exceptions: *Physical pins 27, 28 (GPIO0, 1) are an internal I2C bus and should not be used *The other I2C on pins 3, 5 (GPIO 2, 3) can be used generally, but be aware they have permanent pull-up resistors to 3.3V *For MIDI use USB but there are dedicated UART pins 8, 10 (GPIO 14, 15). With a HAT it's more awkward -- you need to know which pins are used by the HAT and avoid them. Hopefully this will be documented. Remember all GPIOs are 3.3V (not 5V tolerant), floating/noisy inputs can cause odd behavior, and that shorting the power supplies can cause instant death of the Pi. In the shell (Cntrl + C to end) GPIO PIN/A/N,SET/N,GET/S,MODE/K,PULL/K Controls and queries hardware GPIO pins via gpio.resource which is stored in the rom or Devs/ '''please test''' *PIN -- (Required) Target GPIO pin number (e.g. 12). *SET -- Set pin output value to 0 (LOW) or 1 (HIGH). *GET -- Read and print current digital input level (0 or 1). *MODE -- Configure pin mode: IN (Input), OUT (Output), ALT (Alternate). *PULL -- Configure pull resistor: NONE, UP, DOWN. EXAMPLES <pre> GPIO 12 MODE OUT GPIO 12 SET 1 GPIO 12 GET GPIO 13 PULL UP </pre> [https://gpiozero.readthedocs.io/en/stable/installing.html Current] [https://gpiozero.readthedocs.io/en/v1.2.0/api_boards.html old support for gpiozero is unknown at present] [https://energenie4u.co.uk/res/pdfs/ENER314%20UM.pdf and associated 433MHz equipment] [ USA X10 security and lights via USB] [ OpenHab with Shelly Smart Plug connected over Wi-Fi, controlled by MQTT or HTTP] Printing only with Postscript but [https://github.com/bohunamiga/MintPRINT one] of [https://github.com/boingball/MintPRINT two] [https://github.com/Andiweli/AmiAirPrint/tree/main AirPrint] IPP has been attempted with [https://www.arosworld.org/infusions/forum/viewthread.php?thread_id=2061&pid=13954#post_13954 discussion] Youtube [], [], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X4fmWAIv7FE Aros native on Pi3b], [], [], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TSxlYb1eQWU Installed on Pi3b+], [], [], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NFF1H3jCoz8 testing Aros native on Pi400], [], [], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nIVx7mh1E1Q&pp=ygUHYXJvcyBwadIHCQkTDAGHKiGM7w%3D%3D Aros on Thumb 2 based 32bit-ish ARM STM32H743 board], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nHt_k_QkHe0 AmiWest 2026 Day 1], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nA2fnaOt1Ik Amiwest 2026 Day 2], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zQM4CD64xDE&t=612s&pp=ugUEEgJlbg%3D%3D Performance under Linux] but on Aros... {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="10%" |Pi ! width="10%" |Single Core 2D ! width="10%" |Single Core 3D ! width="10%" |Single Core 3D ! width="10%" |SMP 2D ! width="10%" |SMP 3D ! width="10%" |SMP 3D ! width="35%" |Comments |- | <!--Pi-->Pi3 | <!--Single Core 2D--> | <!--Single Core 3D--> | <!--Single Core 3D--> | <!--SMP 2D--> | <!--SMP 3D--> | <!--SMP 3D--> | <!--Comments--> |- |} ==== 32bit ==== For the Pi1 Pi2 Pi2B the status of AROS native ARMv6 for 32bit RasPi was OK. System booting, USB working (although with some issues but plans to fix them). 32bit native [http://www.aros.org/nightly1.html ARMv6 32bit nightlys] raspi-armhf-system raspi-armhf-contrib unbz2'd to fat32 microSD ===Hosted=== AArch64 CPU backend for AROS, a Cocoa/Metal display, clipboard / host-volume / CoreAudio / BSD-sockets bridges, GPU 2D via gpufx.library, a 68k→AArch64 JIT (run68k), and a full Rust std port. On [https://www.jkn.me/blog/macaros-aros-on-apple-silicon/ latest Apple Silicon Macs] [https://github.com/jonx/Macaros early alpha version of hosted Aros .dmg on MacOS12+]. Please use [https://github.com/jonx/Macaros/issues MACAros github] for issues, features etc and possibly [https://www.arosworld.org/infusions/forum/viewthread.php?thread_id=2030&pid=13910#post_13910 here] with [https://github.com/pomaros pomaros]. There is a [https://www.arosworld.org/infusions/forum/viewthread.php?thread_id=2076&highlight=jonx&pid=14193#post_14193 work in progress native Mac Apple silicon M1 M2 M3 version] [http://www.aros.org/snapshots1.html old linux and android hosted 32bit] ==== Hosted ==== =====64bit===== [https://www.arosworld.org/infusions/forum/viewthread.php?thread_id=2019&rowstart=80&pid=13667#post_13667 Ubuntu Linux PC hosted Pi compiler build] [https://github.com/BlitterStudio/aros-compiler-docker Docker based cross compiler for various Aros systems], [https://www.arosworld.org/infusions/forum/viewthread.php?thread_id=2019&rowstart=80 From the Aros Raspberry pi 3 64bit thread] Instructions on building 64-bit Raspberry Pi AROS and cross-compiler from sources. You will need: - Ubuntu 24.04 or 26.04 - qemu-system-aarch64 installed - Internet connection - rpi-scripts.tar.gz downloaded (https://axrt.org/download/aros/rpi/rpi-scripts.tar.gz) 1) Install prerequisites: sudo apt install git gcc g++ make gawk bison flex bzip2 netpbm autoconf automake libc6-dev liblzo2-dev libpng-dev gcc-multilib byacc python3-mako cmake yasm curl nasm 2) Clone sources cd <project-directory> git clone https://github.com/aros-development-team/AROS.git --recurse-submodules 3) Extract rpi-scripts.tar.gz. Copy all files into your project directory so that you have: AROS (the directory with cloned sources) fix-dotdot.py rebuild.sh recreate-sdcard.sh run-qemu.sh update-sdcard.sh 4) Run ./rebuild.sh. Select option 1) toolchain-core-aarch64 This will execute process of building a cross-compiler. During this process packages will be downloaded from Internet. This process can take up to 2 hours. If there are some missing dependencies, install them with 'sudo apt install' and restart this step. 5) Run ./rebuild.sh again. Select option 2) core-raspi-aarch64 This will build system files for 64-bit Raspberry Pi AROS. This process can take around an hour. 6) Run ./recreate-sdcard.sh This will create an sdcard.img file with contents of previous step. 7) Run ./run-qemu.sh This will start QEMU with SD card image and ROM images. It will boot into AROS. =====32bit===== Ubuntu VM approach to compiling [http://lallafa.de/blog/2013/06/building-aros-hosted-for-raspbian/ Linux hosted AROS June 04, 2013] ../AROS/configure --target=linux-armhf --enable-includes=/usr/arm-linux-gnueabihf/include --x-includes=/usr/arm-linux-gnueabihf/include --x-libraries=/usr/arm-linux-gnueabihf/lib arm-elf- is symbol-linked to arm-linux-gnueabi- (arm-linux-gnueabi- is more correct in this case, because it's going to be compiling the ARM AROSBootstrap for ARM Linux) *armel - many of the "android" machines require since the entire OS is made for soft float VFP. *armfp - Efika MX target, Raspberry PI, EfikaMX, Pandora and virtually everything (VFP) Keep in mind it's possible to start hardfp AROS hosted on softfp system, though, as long as no calls between AROS and host require floating point parameters. NOTE: hardfloat objects *cannot* be linked with softfloat objects - they have a different ABI. Just keep in mind the arm nightly build machine is quite complex beast. It needs the x86_64 host compiler to compile AROS tools. The arm version is built every night using gcc-4.6.2 crosscompiler (built together with AROS) and successfully builds armel and armhf linux hosted targets. *needs an AROS code compiler for ARM target *as well as unix compiler for ARM linux host (would be best to have both softfp and armhf, we have softfp only now) with full set of libraries and includes. with—disable-crosstools $AROS_CC is always a wrapper around $KERNEL_CC ? If so, this is wrong for some ports. This can break Darwin, Windows and Android port. Yes, Android port will build. And even work. But it's not good because the port will not be ABI-compatible with other ARM ports. Android's ABI is different from GNUEABI. For example: <pre> enum test {foo, bar}; enum test testvar; </pre> sizeof(testvar) will be equal to sizeof(int) in GNUEABI (Linux and AROS) and sizeof(short) on Android. This affects linking objects from static linklibs, for example. Previously everything worked because $AROS_CC was a wrapper on top of $HOST_CC. And a real crosscompiler was used on non-ELF hosts. Android is the same. $KERNEL_CC is incompatible with AROS. compiler=kernel is appropriate _ONLY FOR CODE WHICH RUNS ON HOST OS_ (or barebone hardware, if we talk about native). This includes bootstraps, their linklibs, and host-side dynamic libraries (Windows makes extensive use of them because of architectural considerations. No single AROS object should be compiled with this setting. $KERNEL_CC is really compatible with AROS *ONLY IN LINUX-HOSTED* and no more. On other systems (Darwin, Windows, Android) this is not true any more, and compiler=kernel is never going to work. If you want to compile your AROS module against host OS includes, append the following to USER_INCLUDES (or USER_CFLAGS, this is effectively the same): -isystem $(GENINCDIR) $(KERNEL_INCLUDES) $(KERNEL_INCLUDES) expands to: -isystem <your_os_includes> -isystem <host_OS_gcc_private_includes> -nostdinc This makes AROS compiler adhering to host OS APIs. If you want some preprocessor symbols based on what your host OS actually is, add something like -DHOST_OS_$(AROS_HOST_ARCH). Why is there $(GENINCDIR) at all? Because host OS has its own libc includes, which would conflict with AROS ones. And the host OS libc is not binary-compatible with AROS one. Why doesn't Windows-hosted port use $(KERNEL_INCLUDES) ? Because WinAPI includes conflict with AROS ones in fundamental typedefs, like WORD, BYTE and BOOL. It's almost impossible to deal with this in any other way than rewriting WinAPI definitions using AROS types. Building under centos 6.3 (i386) currently, and AROS creates the toolchain itself. haven't yet committed the necessary changes but "./configure --target=raspi-armhf" is enough to start, then "make arosboot-raspi" will generate arosraspi.img (containing the bootstrap, kernel.resource, and exec.library) as well as arosraspi.rom (containing all the other essentials components such as dos, graphics etc). It will also copy over a config.txt file to make the raspi bootstrap code load the correct kernel, and a cmdline.txt that enables exec debug output. *armel = typically Debian 6, Ubuntu Maverick, Android, *armhf = typically Debian 7, Debian 8, Ubuntu Precise, Cross-compiling Ubuntu ARM softfp <pre> sudo sh echo 'foreign-architecture armel' >>/etc/dpkg/dpkg.cfg.d/multiarch echo 'deb [arch=armel] http://ports.ubuntu.com/ precise main universe' >/etc/apt/sources.list.d/armel.list apt-get update apt-get install gcc-arm-linux-gnueabi libx11-dev:armel libsdl-dev:armel </pre> <pre> ./configure --target=linux-arm --x-includes=/usr/include \ --enable-includes=/usr/arm-linux-gnueabi/include </pre> Cross-compiling Ubuntu ARM hard-float <pre> sudo sh echo 'foreign-architecture armhf' >>/etc/dpkg/dpkg.cfg.d/multiarch echo 'deb [arch=armhf] http://ports.ubuntu.com/ precise main universe' >/etc/apt/sources.list.d/armhf.list apt-get update apt-get install gcc-arm-linux-gnueabihf libx11-dev:armhf libsdl-dev:armhf </pre> <pre> ./configure --target=linux-armhf --x-includes=/usr/include \ --enable-includes=/usr/arm-linux-gnueabihf/include </pre> Now, the AROS build is configured properly and all you need to do is: make ==Build== ===64bit=== [https://github.com/aros-development-team/AROS/blob/7016ce28bfdb754182edb16011c98faaf5413c29/arch/aarch64-raspi/boot/mmakefile.src#L180 boot makefile] ===32bit=== # download/checkout the source someplace, e.g. /build/AROS-Src/ # make a directory to store external sources AROS downloads, e.g. /build/Ports # make a build directory, e.g. /build/aros-raspi-armhf # cd into the build dir, configure, and then run make -: <pre> >cd /build/aros-raspi-armhf >/build/AROS-Src/configure --target=raspberrypi-armhf --with-serial-debug --enable-ccache --with-portssources=/build/Ports >make >make arosboot-raspi </pre> then copy the files from /build/aros-raspi-armhf/bin/raspi-armhf/AROS/ onto an sdcard, and download/copy the Raspi firmware files onto it. You should then be able to boot the sdcard on your RasPi. The current W.I.P tree to svn. it can be built as follows .. <pre> ./configure --target=raspi-armhf make arosboot-raspi </pre> That will generate arosraspi.img, arosraspi.rom and config.txt in bin/raspi-arm/AROS - so either copy just those files to a fat formatted SD card (with the firmware files on), or copy the whole contents of the AROS folder. NB - if you have a Linux/other install, backup the existing config.txt first arosraspi.img contains the bootstrap (which has very basic mailbox code, framebuffer/gpio init, and console "emulation" via code pinched from our libbootconsole), kernel.resource, and exec.library arosraspi.rom contains all the other components needed to boot AROS. The config.txt file will tell the RasPI bootstrap to load the arosraspi kernel and ramdisk (rom). the bootstrap has minimal mailbox code, planning on adding either a resource or library that driver/app code will use to access it (likewise for GPIO) Help building AROS hosted on Linux ARM Was looking a way to use more my Handheld ARM based called Pyra (Dragonbox Pyra) an ARM (Omap5 cpu with 4GB ram) linux based machine (Debian Buster v10 with kernel 5.6.19 adapted) and have a try to compile the latest Aros sources by Deadwood directly on this device. Compilation stops after build libpopupmenu.a and trying to build libatomic have this error: <pre> Configuring build in bin/linux-arm/gen/host/tools/crosstools/gnu/gcc/arm-aros/libatomic configure: WARNING: unrecognized options: --disable-nls, --without-x checking for --enable-version-specific-runtime-libs... no checking for --enable-generated-files-in-srcdir... no checking build system type... arm-unknown-linux-gnu checking host system type... arm-unknown-aros checking target system type... arm-unknown-aros checking for a BSD-compatible install... /usr/bin/install -c checking whether build environment is sane... yes checking for arm-aros-strip... /media/farox/pyra2/arosbuilds/toolchain-core-armhf/arm-aros-strip checking for a thread-safe mkdir -p... /usr/bin/mkdir -p checking for gawk... no checking for mawk... mawk checking whether make sets $(MAKE)... yes checking whether make supports nested variables... yes checking for arm-aros-gcc... /media/farox/pyra2/arosbuilds/toolchain-core-armhf/arm-aros-gcc checking whether the C compiler works... no configure: error: in /media/farox/pyra2/arosbuilds/toolchain-core-armhf-build/bin/linux-arm/gen/host/tools/crosstools/gnu/gcc/arm-aros/libatomic': configure: error: C compiler cannot create executables See config.log' for more details make[2]: *** [mmakefile:4489: /media/farox/pyra2/arosbuilds/toolchain-core-armhf-build/bin/linux-arm/gen/host/tools/crosstools/gnu/gcc/arm-aros/libatomic/.configured] Error 77 [MMAKE] make --no-print-directory TOP=/media/farox/pyra2/arosbuilds/toolchain-core-armhf-build SRCDIR=/media/farox/pyra2/arosbuilds/AROS CURDIR=tools/crosstools/gnu TARGET=tools-crosstools-gcc-libatomic-configure -s --file=mmakefile tools-crosstools-gcc-libatomic-configure failed: 512 [MMAKE] Error: Error while running make in tools/crosstools/gnu: No such file or directory make[1]: *** [Makefile:361: linklibs-libatomic] Error 10 make: *** [Makefile:183: crosstools] Error 2 </pre> looking at config.log on arosbuilds/toolchain-core-armhf-build/bin/linux-arm/gen/host/tools/crosstools/gnu/gcc/arm-aros/libatomic found that arosbuilds/toolchain-core-armhf/arm-aros-ld: cannot find -laeabi so do make linklibs-aeabi-arm-quick and the missing lib was built. now the next stop is at fatal error: bits/libc-header-start.h: No such file or directory and fatal error: sys/cdefs.h: No such file or directory in many places so after checking that have this missing include files i have noted that my include path is a bit different, standard searching path is /usr/arm-linux-gnueabihf but in my system is /usr/include/arm-linux-gnueabihf so if i add my path to some mmakefiles compilation goes on....but is a better way to add this path to avoid every mmakefiles to be changed? fixed with adding -I/usr/include/arm-linux-gnueabihf to where is missing on mmakefiles like USER_INCLUDES := -isystem $(GENINCDIR) -I/usr/include/arm-linux-gnueabihf $(KERNEL_INCLUDES) P.s. I have changed many mmakefiles and have at least compiled (after many hours) the toolchain doing make every time in arosbuilds/toolchain-core-armhf-build (also have to disable making tests under cplusplus but don't remember the directory ...) but ask an help to have an automated way to correctly build without modify mmakefiles. Last time built armhf target was around 2 years ago. At that point built is via cross-compilation from linux (ubuntu 22.04) using linux armhf crosscompiler (this can explain the path differences you are experiencing) as well as using AROS gcc cross-compiler in version 6.5.0 (build with option 21) in rebuild.sh). Since then AROS GCC has been updated to 10.5.0 and don't believe anyone tried to build the armhf target again. My suggestion would be to downgrade GCC to 6.5.0 (via editing AROS/config/gcc_def file) and try to first build using cross-compilation from x86_64 linux. Once that works, you will have a "template" to compare to native compilation under arm linux. Thanks for your suggestion...but think the toolchain with GCC 10.5.0 is compilable if i found a way to pass the path of my system to the script that build (option 21 on rebuild). The other only changes are (but don't know where to modify...) is to add the build of libaeabi and disable the building of some tests under cplusplus that use exceptions and is not supported under ARM. try to crosscompile with my Linux amd64 PC. For paths look into core-linux-armhf/bin/linux-armhf/gen/config/target.cfg. A number of build-wide variable is set there containing paths to local build system. These variables and the target.cfg file are generated by AROS ./configure script. Thanks compilation now go forward...changed target.cfg under "toolchain-core-armhf-build/bin/linux-arm/gen/config" and do make on "toolchain-core-armhf-build" dir. Need to find where to enable build libaeabi.a so can build the entire toolchain with option 21 of rebuild.sh Found something that looks like libeabi in AROS/arm-all/arm-aeabi/mmakefile.src. Try adding a third line there: #MM- linklibs-armhd : libklibs-aeabi-arm Don't remember needing this library. Possibly the 6.5.0 GCC somehow does this while 10.5.0 is missing this. Try adding this line (and the variant "linklibs-armhf" instead of hd) but it did not solve the automatic building of the missing lib. I must do "linklibs-aeabi-arm-quick". Anyway after have build the aeabi lib i succefully built the toolchain (after many hours...). Smile To test I restarted from selecting option 21 (on rebuild.sh) but after many hours i get the same error of the kernel includes not found...maybe i need to modify the configure script for my case. With the toolchain built i try to build the core-linux-armhf (DEBUG) (option 22) but after a while it stopped with "cannot find -laeabi " so i made it built manually...and now i can continue compiling...i'll let you know if all goes ok. == Hardware == ===64bit=== ====BCM2712==== With the Pi5 Broadcom VideoCore 7 vc7 is an integrated GPU with 12 cores and up to 800 MHz clock. VideoCore VII is capable of OpenGL ES 3.1 and Vulkan 1.2. The driver support for the Raspberry Pi continues to build upon the [https://lore.kernel.org/dri-devel/20230928114532.167854-1-itoral@igalia.com/ open-source V3D driver] stack within [https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/mesa/mesa/-/merge_requests/25450 Mesa] hopefully be merged for Mesa 23.3. x265 HEVC accelerated untested, x264/h.264 and VP9 cpu only. *Raspberry Pi M.2 HAT+ Expansion Board *Geekworm X1001 PCIe to M.2 Key-M NVMe *Geekworm X1003 PCIe to M.2 HAT NVMe SSD PIP Board for Raspberry Pi 5 *Pineboards Pi Hut HatDrive! M.2 HAT 2024/V4 *Hat+ Gen2 Gen3 Nvme *GeeekPi 52Pi N04 for Raspberry Pi 5 NVME M.2 * *2024 RPI AI HAT - Hailo 20TOPs no LLMs *2026 RPI AI HAT+ 2 - Hailo 40TOPs slightly better? [https://www.raspberrypi.com/documentation/accessories/camera.html Cameras for Pi] *Raspberry Pi camera module, the V3 with Sony IMX708 back-illuminated CMOS 12 Megapixel sensor *Raspberry Pi Camera Module V2 – 8MP Sony IMX219 Sensor *Raspberry Pi camera Rev 1.3, 5MP 1080P OV5647 image/video module, 2592 x 1944 pixels H.265 / HEVC decoder is a HEVCv2 Main 4:4:4 10 design supporting bitstreams up to profile 5.1 HEVC hardware decode supports 4kp60, 10-bit. Audio output is pretty much unchanged, but the HDMI audio channels now support 8x192kHz bitrates ====BCM2711==== With the Pi4 an ARM a72 cpu is about x3 times the size of an a53 in the Pi3 the 2711b line used more power when idle, compared to the 2711c *2018 Raspberry Pi PoE HAT Power Over Ethernet Hat - design issues *2020 Raspberry Pi PoE+ HAT Power Over Ethernet Hat Pi3b+ Pi4 only - better design *Waveshare PoE HAT (B) with cooling fan for Raspberry Pi 3B+/4B 802.3af PoE *[https://github.com/axizo-pi/V3DLib vc6 V3D 4.2] is derived from [https://docs.broadcom.com/doc/12358545 vc4], but it is [https://docs.mesa3d.org/drivers/v3d.html significantly different] The QPU pipeline stays mostly the same, you still have an add ALU and a multiply ALU and it can issue two ALU OPs per cycle. There is still 4 SIMD lanes, interleaved over 4 cycles. The instruction encoding for the QPUs is different, but the core instructions are the same. Instructions for packed 8 bit int math has been dropped, along with most of the pack modes. Instructions for packed 16bit float math has been added (2 floats at in a single operation) With vc5/vc6, you write two packed 16f value to the tilebuffer (or four writes of 32f, if you are using the rgba32f framebuffer). And there is a handy vfpack operation which allows you to pack two f32s into a single 32bit value in a single instruction. You can vfpack directly into the tile buffer register. the multiply ALU can now fadd, so you can issue two fadds per instruction. the add ALU has gained a bunch of new instructions the A and B register files have been merged. You still only get an A read and a B read per instruction, but they read from one big register file (which means the underlying memory block has gone from two sets of "one read port, one write port" to one "two read ports, one write port" block) The theoretical max FLOPs per QPU remains the same at two per cycle, other than the bump from 400mhz to 500mhx but it looks like a lot of effort has been put putting those theoretical FLOPs to better use. *vc4 could run one or two threads per QPU. When you ran in two thread mode, the available register file halfed to 32 registers. *vc5 added a four thread per QPU mode, with 16 registers per thread. *vc6 doubled the size of the register file. You could now use all 64 threads in two thread mode and 32 registers in for thread mode. Single thread mode was removed, you always have at least two threads. With the threading improvements, the QPUs should spent much less time idle waiting NOPs for memory requests. Most of the design changes have gone to improving the fixed function hardware around the QPUs. A fixed function blend unit has been added, which should reduce load on the QPUs when doing alpha blending. hope software blending is still possible The tile buffer can now store upto 4 render targets (up to 128bits per pixel, so if you are using 4 32bit render targets, you can't have a depth buffer) A MMU, allowing a much simpler/faster kernel driver. Many more texture formats, framebuffer formats. h264/x264 [https://github.com/aros-development-team/AROS/commit/caecd66a9508acb0e9ef0a07169a14c33007b208 VideoCore hardware decoding through VCHIQ/MMAL (Pi 1–4)], H.265 / HEVC decoder is a HEVCv2 Main 4:4:4 10 design supporting bitstreams up to profile 5.1 HEVC hardware decode supports 4kp60, 10-bit. Audio output is pretty much unchanged, but the HDMI audio channels now support 8x192kHz bitrates All the features needed for opengl es 3.0 Each ALU typically have 2 floating point operators, and as you pointed out in a earlier post videocore 6 is no exception, with both a multiply and additive floating point operator. Thus theoretical GFLOPs are calculated with both operators in mind. That is what the 2 in my formula represents, and is common across any modern programmable shader, whether you calculate Nvidia, AMD, Intel, Boardcom or any other company's GPUs. Total ALUs * 2 * GHz clock = GFLOPs, In the case of Raspberry Pi 3, it's 24 ALUs * 2 operators * 0.4GHz = 19.2GFLOPs If the Videocore 6 does indeed only have 16 ALUs (16 * 2 * 0.5GHz), you'd have only 16GFLOPs but they are better utilised Possible maximum performance <pre> VideoCore IV @ 250MHz: 250 [MHz] x 3 [slice] x 4 [qpu/slice] x 4 [processor] x 2 [op/clock] = 24 Gflop/s VideoCore IV @ 300MHz: 300 [MHz] x 3 [slice] x 4 [qpu/slice] x 4 [processor] x 2 [op/clock] = 28.8 Gflop/s VideoCore VI @ 500MHz: 500 [MHz] x 2 [slice] x 4 [qpu/slice] x 4 [processor] x 2 [op/clock] = 32 Gflop/s </pre> Faster LPDDR4 memory. ====BCM2837==== With the Pi3 * Broadcom BCM43438 chip provides 2.4&nbsp;GHz 802.11n wireless LAN, Bluetooth Low Energy, and Bluetooth 4.1 Classic radio support, 3B+ [https://github.com/aros-development-team/AROS/commit/afa5bc0bb17d5dd06bcfdbac00853a3799ca8d76 LAN7515] The overclock ability has diminished with each chip version as the energy usage has increased. BCM2837 is one of the warmest yet and benefits from active fan cooling if all four cpu cores are in use for a short while. Video playback maybe affected due to the lack of custom support in the GPU with Aros. 5 V / 2.4 or 2.5 amp power supply recommended if all four cpu cores are running, else throttling (cpu slowdown) might occur. [https://github.com/hermanhermitage/videocoreiv/wiki/VideoCore-IV-Programmers-Manual Dual VDP] and scalable QPU in [https://docs.mesa3d.org/drivers/vc4.html VC4] and x.264/h.264 accelerated untested only and VP9 on cpu or neon help ARMv8-A has [https://developer.arm.com/documentation/102412/0100/Privilege-and-Exception-levels privilege levels] where userspace typically runs at ‘EL0’, the kernel at ‘EL1’ or ‘EL2’ and the firmware at the highest level ‘EL3’. ===32bit=== === Core Kernel === ====BCM2708(family)==== which includes the [http://elinux.org/RPi_Hardware BCM2835] (ARM1176JZF-S 700&nbsp;MHz CPU + VideoCore IV GPU + up to 1GB RAM) *Framebuffer (fb) using mailbox *IRQ scheduler, etc *Arasan based SD Card controller *Synopsis DesignWare USB 2.0 OTG controller [http://networkdirection.net/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=106:rasperry-pi-usb-controller&catid=45:raspberry-pi&Itemid=54 Unofficial DOCS pdf], [dwc_otg.c FreeBSD], [], [https://www.riscosopen.org/viewer/view/mixed/RiscOS/Sources/HWSupport/USB/Controllers/DWCDriver/ RiscOS USB Driver], [https://www.riscosopen.org/forum/forums/5/topics/878 RiscOS USB Discussion], [https://www.riscosopen.org/forum/forums/11/topics/1893 Other USB RiscOS], [http://plan9.bell-labs.com/plan9/index.html Plan9 Miller's usb] http://plan9.bell-labs.com/sources/contrib/miller/, [https://github.com/Chadderz121/csud CSUD driver], *[http://www.smsc.com/media/Downloads_Public/Data_Sheets/9512.pdf SMSC 9512] USB LAN/Hub chip *CMOS RAM *VCHIQ port which sends messages to the GPU e.g. for mouse, keyboard, audio on HDMI, etc *Audio Driver *Serial Peripheral Interface Bus (SPI) *[http://www.susa.net/wordpress/2012/06/raspberry-pi-pcf8563-real-time-clock-rtc/ I2C registers] *I2S *Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter (UART) *[http://elinux.org/RPi_BCM2835_GPIOs GPIOs] and [http://www.adafruit.com/blog/2012/08/17/broadcom-bcm2835-peripheral-memory-map-and-gpio-alternate-use-chart-piday-raspberrypi-raspberry_pi/ Alternative view of GPIO] BCM2836 * For Pi B+, PI 2 and Pi 3 SMSC LAN9514 chip adding 10/100 Ethernet connectivity and four USB channels to the board *[http://www.andrewscheller.co.uk/rpi_pcb_modules.html PCB], [http://elinux.org/RPi_Low-level_peripherals Low level features], Implemented so far... # Modify the configure system so that it correctly builds for the arm hardware float raspi target. # Implemented the bootstrap to load the aros modules and prepare the arm to jump into them. Reworked the x86 console support so that parts can be stolen for raspi to use since t has no basic functionality to output to the display. # Implemented a kernel.resource to prepare the raspi for running aros and provide the low level api calls to expose available resources and allow exec, etc function. # Implemented serial debug support # Implemented the exec (and kernel) functionality required to make multitasking work (and interrupts, exceptions, syscalls, etc) # Implemented a timer.device to utilise the hardware timers. # Implemented a very basic gfx driver to expose the hardware's framebuffer. # Implemented an SD-Card driver for AROS which presently only supports the raspi's chipset but can easily be modified to support all sd-card hardware and media. # Fixed the fat filesystem support in AROS so that it can boot on RasPi's normal SD-Card setup. The "rom" image files needed use a different filename than the default linux, etc images so can be easily installed without harming the existing files - you only need to change the loaded images in the config file to get aros to boot. # Updated the build scripts to automatically download the necessary raspi firmware files and wrap it all up so that you can simply extract the archive to a fat formatted sdcard and boot it on the raspi without having to get anything else. # fix everything in contrib and ports to build for raspi (needs proper testing/fixes but allows every component to actually compile at least, including owb) + numerous other fixes to get things working on arm/raspi .. Improvements... # Implement a USB chipset driver "OR" finish the existing one [https://github.com/aros-development-team/AROS/commit/c07d13c724f944674be5db54fc6a71ee72a01809 usb otg] - the current code is mostly a skeleton that should initialise the chipset and then needs relevant code to support the different transfer types. It also has the "virtual" hub code in place to represent the raspi's USB port (from poseidons p.o.v) # Implement a driver for the USB NIC (a few weeks - depends on USB above) # Write an [https://github.com/aros-development-team/AROS/commit/d55d0f74d20b769bbb8c8d386e5c1d7a9154f05a audio driver] (a few weeks - independent of USB) and [https://github.com/aros-development-team/AROS/commit/e93a4c245f27a87c9c4c1d39206694b39059998a HDMI] # fix syscall bug in the current raspi kernel code # Graphics depend on having a decent "bcmdma.resource" implemented as to use the cpu's dma engine. The sd card driver needs to use it for transfers to/from the controller - and the gfx system needs to use it for "blitting". # [https://github.com/aros-development-team/AROS/commit/4019d84e4975d4dad987a12d57fe108f5ac048e6 Improve the gfx driver], [ vc4gfx HIDD] add [http://dri.freedesktop.org/wiki/VC4/ Gallium3D support] # [https://github.com/aros-development-team/AROS/commit/b13905b3e8e45b089f520b44692c81affddd066f Improve] the [https://github.com/aros-development-team/AROS/commit/3a876755c070f5c73c4f53c7f4d35b4f923088b9 sdcard] device driver - which is also pretty basic but should work with most cards, rework it to also support pci, etc. sd card interfaces on x86 # The current code using very rudimentary access to the gpio interface - so that should be implemented as some resource for other components to access, as-well as the i2c interface exposed over the gpio interface. that should have a hidd class implemented which uses the gpio resource to communicate. Boot up typical for most other OSs before the open sourcing of many binary blobs from 2017 onwards On power-up, the rpi [http://www.open.com.au/mikem/bcm2835/ BCM 2835] [https://github.com/hermanhermitage/videocoreiv VideoCore4] GPU, not the ARM CPU, is in control, and the SD card slot is the only peripheral device with power. The firmware burned into the BCM2835's VideoCoreIV GPU PROM requires a DOS-style partition table; a FAT-formatted first partition; and the freely redistributable but closed sourced Broadcom files “bootcode.bin” and “start.elf” in that partition. The boot sequence carries out several pre-boot tasks *On powering of the rpi, the GPU reads and executes bootcode.bin, which then loads start.elf *The GPU loads the “start.elf” file, eventually, into the L2 cache and then executes it *configures the memory split for the CPU and GPU *reads and parses “config.txt” from the same partition on the SD card and applies the settings (like a PC’s BIOS settings) *loads the “kernel.img” file, again from the same partition *activates the CPU to begin executing the loaded kernel image The CPU/GPU memory split is hard-coded into start.elf, so Broadcom provides three start.elf images, to give 32M, 64M, or 128M to the GPU for multimedia performance, and the remainder to the CPU. RPi uses [https://github.com/raspberrypi/firmware some closed source loaders] and at some point it loads a binary blob named "kernel.img" at 0x8000, at that point there would be a rudimentary Aros alive. If one wants to use the SD-card then there would have to be a driver for the interface and a fat filesystem handler (SD-card has to be formatted to fat filesystem) Boot code and kernel are now linked together and made into that binary blob, just for starters. Raspberry Pi uses [http://kernelnomicon.org/?p=133 u-boot] and [http://kernelnomicon.org/?p=138 UBoot] as bootloader, there's already some code in the Efika MX port for that. UBoot is a native bootloader and not just for the raspberry pi, it loads after start.elf. You can find Efika MX port from arch implementations, some hacking is needed for the mmakefile.src'es as iit dates back to before the Aros crosstool era or else you get some weird errors while building. You also need to code the bootstrap and serial handling. At the moment it seems that a fastest route for the native build would be to make one binary blob without using the package system. Raspberry's memory layout is pretty simple and if the implemented u-boot doesn't support loading other modules <pre> ? - alias for 'help' mtest - simple RAM test autoscr - run script from memory base - print or set address offset bbm - BBM sub-system bdinfo - print Board Info structure boot - boot default, i.e., run 'bootcmd' bootd - boot default, i.e., run 'bootcmd' bootm - boot application image from memory bootp - boot image via network using BootP/TFTP protocol cmp - memory compare coninfo - print console devices and information cp - memory copy crc32 - checksum calculation echo - echo args to console fatinfo - print information about filesystem fatload - load binary file from a dos filesystem fatls - list files in a directory (default /) go - start application at address 'addr' help - print online help iminfo - print header information for application image itest - return true/false on integer compare jade - loadb - load binary file over serial line (kermit mode) loads - load S-Record file over serial line loady - load binary file over serial line (ymodem mode) loop - infinite loop on address range md - memory display mm - memory modify (auto-incrementing) mtest - simple RAM test mw - memory write (fill) nfs - boot image via network using NFS protocol nm - memory modify (constant address) pci - list and access PCI Configuration Space ping - send ICMP ECHO_REQUEST to network host printenv - print environment variables rarpboot - boot image via network using RARP/TFTP protocol reset - Perform RESET of the CPU run - run commands in an environment variable saveenv - save environment variables to persistent storage saves - save S-Record file over serial line setenv - set environment variables sleep - delay execution for some time tftpboot - boot image via network using TFTP protocol USB - USB sub-system usbboot - boot from USB device version - print monitor version </pre> And there is one more thing about modular ports. In order to actually implement this, your bootstrapping environment should provide the ability to load several files. On PC this is provided by GRUB2. on CHRP you can read filesystem via OpenFirmware, and Sam's Parthenope relies on modified u-boot. If your bootstrap allows to load only a single file, then you stuck with monolithic kickstart. By the way... u-boot allows not only to boot up a single uImage or zImage, it also allows to write client programs AFAIK. With this approach, you actually can write modular bootstrap for ARM AROS using unmodified u-boot. Most used [http://www.compulab.co.il/workspace/mediawiki/index.php5/U-Boot_quick_reference uboot options] are fatls usb 0:1, the reason behind INTB_KERNEL is to allow use of the standard Exec function AddIntServer() to add interrupt handlers for hardware drivers etc. AmigaOS never used it for abstract hardware drivers. AmigaOS routed only raw hardware IRQs there. Their assignment was hardcoded. As well as number of them. Actually on AmigaOS every bus has its own interrupt subsystem. For example PCI bus. PCI interrupts on Amiga are routed to a single exec interrupt. 1:1 relationship between CPU and hardware interrupts is present only on PC. IMHO we miss things like AddInterrupt/RemInterrupt methods on our PCI subsystem's device class. PCI bus class should map these methods to whatever is appropriate. This is how it is done on AmigaOS and friends. When these are implemented, raw kernel.resource API will be needed only for several PC-specific drivers with hardwired resources. Exec IRQs are real IRQs only on Amiga hardware. On other machines they can be emulated where appropriate (VBlank is a good example). kernel.resource is meant to be different, its IRQs are hardware-agnostic, they are plain "Hardware IRQ number X, whatever this means". They are low-level actually, and meaningful only in the context of a particular system. Was that not the transition from irq.hidd to kernel.resource? No. A long time ago there was another hacky bit named INTB_TIMERTICK. It was "abstract timer interrupt", used by timer.device. It was the same as VBlank, but with larger frequency. I removed it, because kernel.resource API was a cleaner way to access this interrupt. Furthermore, there can be more than one timer in the system. Thinking about bringing back timer HIDD definitions again. hpet.resource is a bad idea. Can someone please enlighten me a little on how the scheduler is meant to work? Poseidon.library creates its "Poseidon Event Task" during RTF_COLDSTART -> then calls Wait(), and ends up in limbo because wait disables interrupts (used for the scheduler heartbeat), and basically waits forever because the sigbit is never set, since krnSwitch doesn't switch the task unless TF_SWITCH is set, and no codepath run during this seems to set it?? TF_SWITCH does not disable/enable switching. This flag just enables to run user-supplied hook when the task is being switched away. It is completely safe to call Wait() in Disable()d state. Doing this actually temporarily breaks this state. IDNestCnt gets remembered in struct Task, then next task is selected, and its IDNestCnt is restored in sysbase (see kernel_scheduler.c). If there are no other tasks, then your cpu_Dispatch() should enable interrupts on the CPU and enter idle mode. See x86 implementation for good example. You miss what happens next... 1. KrnSwitch() saves context of your task, saves IDNestCnt (core_Switch() and cpu_Switch()), then drops into cpu_Dispatch(). 2. cpu_Dispatch() calls core_Dispatch. Then two cases are possible: 2a. There is a READY task. It is picked up, its IDNestCnt is restored in SysBase, then cpu_Dispatch() needs to restore registers and exit. The next task is run. 2b. There are no READY tasks. core_Dispatch() returns NULL. In this case your cpu_Dispatch() should enter idle loop. It should just enable interrupts on the CPU and put it on halt. This allows it to process hardware interrupts. Eventually some of your interrupt handlers wakes up your task and puts it into READY list. My heartbeat interrupt has been slowed atm to help debugging - but it never actually gets a chance to fire because of the Wait() disabling interrupts. Perhaps you have forgotten to enable interrupts in your idle loop. There is a change in the format of AROS executables. Until now we were using Elf RELocable files which are usually used as intermediate object files. We had them for various reasons, one of them was how AROS files were built in the past. That days we had no real aros cross compiler and the option to embed relocation data in unix executables (or in executable files in general) was rather new and not every linux/unix system had it. Therefore we have decided to use intermediate files. Although it was somehow working (and it is still working :-)), it has some drawbacks. Therefore decided to introduce real Elf EXEC types, in first turn implemented on ARM target with option to expand in future to all other AROS architectures. The first patch was pretty easy and appeared to work somehow. It generated nice executables with embedded relocation info. Not only that, it also removed all global symbols adjusting relocation data to be relative to the beginning of the sections. That move reduced number of symbols in each executable significantly (depending on the file between 20 and 80% of all symbols could be removed). The only symbols that stayed in the file are local ones - due to the nature of the patch wasn't able to remove them since we have not seen them in the symbol hash table. The patch didn't worked though. The files were relocated, AROS kernel loaded, but it crashed very early. What happened? Well, the nature of ARM relocations happened :) Most of the relocation data on all machines is rather simple. Relocation can be absolute or pc-relative, sometimes the offset has to be bit shifted. On ARM v7 there is another one. There, when one wants to load an address of function/variable into register a combination of two instructions can be used: movw and movt. The first one loads immediate into lower 16 bits of a register while clearing upper 16 bits. The second one loads immediate into upper 16 bits without touching lower halfword. Loading of a pointer into a register looks like this: movw r0, #:lower16:label movt r0, #:upper16:label In this case there are two relocations - one for lower halfword and another for upper. If an overflow of lower 16 bits occurs during relocation process, the upper one should be updated as well. Unfortunately with current patch and with typical ARM executables there is not enough information to perform the calculations. There are two options - the first one would be to give up and go back to "fake" executables, another one would be to change from REL to RELA relocation info. The latter contains an addend, extra data which can be used to perform all the relocation calculations I need. Decided for the second option. The patch is already in the works. There is another function for the binutils' bfd backend to perform the final relocation. There can decide what to do with every reloc info, modify data and eventually strip some symbols. An advantage is - at this stage of the linking process have also full access to all local symbols so can change all relocations section relative and eventually strip all symbols from the files. GPU VCore developed by Alphamosaic Ltd and now owned by Broadcom. Most of start.elf runs on the GPU. Placing ALL the userland GPU code in the videocore.hidd isn't going to be a terribly big problem because the code they published is nothing more than a shim that sends data straight to the GPU to execute. The good news about this is that we only need to write our HIDD using the OpenVG API. The shim is relatively small codewise and lives in the ARM memory (the actual OpenVG code itself lives in the GPU RAM area and its loaded from start.elf). That's also the bad news. Our driver has to translate AROS video calls to OpenVG calls, for most tasks it should be easy, for some, not so much. It's still probably less difficult and less work, than controlling the GPU directly. The other good news is that anything done through OpenVG happens on the GPU, its truly accelerated. It also has some nice font functions, meaning we can lead into an accelerated text mode later. Basically, AROS resets or locks up when it tries to use AROS_ATOMIC_INC or DEC. If I comment out the byte/word operations in the header files and use non-atomic operations, the code works as expected. have read that the L1 cache needs to be enabled to use LDREX and co (which I also read is only meant to be used on multi processor systems with shared memory) - however I am certain this is correctly enabled. If you are using LREX or STREX, you should have L1 cache enabled, at least on the ARM CPU I work with at work. L1 cache is enabled by enabling the MMU *AND* setting the C and I bits in the CPU - the C bit is ignored, and the I bit only covers the 16 byte instruction pipeline if the MMU is not enabled. Can you verify that your assembly is generating LDREX/STREX? From the behavior, it almost sounds like its generating the default Semaphore locked atomics. Impossible. There are no semaphore-locked atomics. There are Disable()/Enable()-based ones instead. And there's a special #define AROS_NO_ATOMIC_OPERATIONS in this case, which tweaks Disable()/Enable() implementations not to recurse forever. I have tested this on ARMv5 which does not have ldrex/strex, it works fine. On those ARMs there's no way to have real atomics. On other OSes (like Linux) this is done by introducing things like atomic_t, which appears to be a complex structure, holding the value together with accompanying spinlock (implemented using swp). #warning "TODO: lookup optimal mmu table settings for raspi memory" /* Set up an identity-mapping for all 4GB */ for(x = 0; x < 4096; x ++) { pagetable[x] = x<<20 | (0x40002|0x80000|0x010000|0x00C00|0x04); } Shouldn't there be a second loop that sets the 'C' bit in the descriptor for the RAM pages? Currently, you have TEX=0, C=0, B=1 for all pages (Shared Device). You should have TEX=0, C=1, B=0 for RAM (Write-Through, Cached) So .. pagetable[x] = x<<20 | 2; should be enough? No, for RAM you need to change the '| 0x40' to '| 0x80' tell dosboot the correct defaults to use Please don't do this. This bootconfig.c is a deprecated legacy thing. I wanted it to go away completely with time. Instead, display drivers should auto-install themselves during own initialization phase. I. e. detect hardware=>instantiate itself. This should make things way simpler. With this approach you only need to add the driver into KS image to get the device autobooted. No hardcoded stuff. Currently VESA and VGA drivers do this, look there for examples. never rewrote ATI driver because i don't have any test system for it. they defined a smaller AROSCPUContext than the ExceptionContext - yet reference it as ExceptionContext in other places, and since it hasn't allocated enough storage for ExceptionContext, are corrupting memory/the structure (since the elements that are there don't map 1 to 1 with the exception context). AFAIK, AROS has been moving in a different direction to this in recent years. It is the job of graphics HIDDs to allocate bitmaps etc. so that they have the most suitable characteristics, including allocating them from GPU RAM where possible. The concept of chip RAM is only for legacy code, and most if not all non-68k platforms should have all system RAM marked as chip. BTW, is the video processing code you mention CPU code or GPU code? Also, IIRC we have support for "external memory allocators". Perhaps that's what we need for the allocation of GPU RAM through the mailbox. All hosted and x86 native ports should use proper context formats. trying to clarify if the vblank handler has to have run by this point to prevent this deadlock. Actually, no. Unless you have installed VBlank handler which should wake up at some point. Without VBlank there will be no quantum count. Consequently, there will be no forced preemption. But the rest will work, and multitasking will be cooperative (switch happens only when current task voluntarily gives up the CPU). Does it depend on the vblank having run before this point? and if yes what does that mean on systems where it might be able to run enough code (e.g. get to this point) before the vblank interrupt has triggered? What is it waiting for? It could wait for timer, in this case you need timer.device working. VBlank is currently needed for exec's quantum counter. In current native ports we have only a single timer, which is served by timer.device. VBlank is simulated by timer.device also. If your machine has two timers, then you can use one of them for VBlank, and another for timer.device, this will simplify things down. VBlank needs to be 50 Hz for historical reasons, many programs use it as cheap timer. I am periodically thinking about making some abstract mechanism to be able to change quantum source (and untie it from 50 Hz), but have no time to come up with something good. Additionally i started disliking timer.device hardcoded design when PC has got many timers (old 8253, APIC, HPET). Currently i think there should be some low-level entity representing tick source. timer.device should just select the most appropriate source for its units. The BCM2835 has 4 GPU based timer sources - 2 are used by the GPU, so im using Timer3 for our heartbeat and the remaining one will be free to the system. There is also the less capable ARM timer but that is dependent on the CPU frequency. Very good. You won't need any emulation. Set the heartbeat to 50 Hz and drive VBlank from it. Use other timer for MicroHZ. Can you use the 'econsole.hook' I make for debugging the Sam460 via the serial port? It provides a before-anything-else shell prompt on the serial port. You can then do 'NewCLI' to test your graphics, or use any DOS command in shellcommands.resource. You should just be able to add econsole.hook to your module list, and use 'econsole' in your bootargs. So long as you have a working Exec/RawMayGetChar and Exec/RawPutChar, it should work. Also make sure to add shell.resource and shellcommands.resource for this. That should have done it. If you set "#define DEBUG 1" in arch/all-native/econsole/econsole.c, do you get any additional serial output? have added it to the build and added econsole to the command line - and can see the bootloader picks up on the emergency bootconsole tag, but I still only get the insert bootable media display? Im assuming it exposes a fake filesystem that tricks aros into booting? The contents of which are: ECON:AROS.boot Way to handle the scheduling code? The implementations I had been following were causing problems, due to cascading interrupts which I cant handle properly in the asm stubs just now (when they break disable etc.) - since it means detecting the interrupted codes cpu mode and getting the correct sp/lr for it, and that's just too tedious for arm. To work around this ive added a system idle task which does nothing - and when the scheduling code has no task to run switches this in and lets it run, thereby allowing the interrupts etc to resume until something does need to happen. Also, by adding accounting code to cpu_Switch() and cpu_Dispatch(), it should allow the system to log idle time correctly (as well as running tasks). have thought of also adding an additional task that never runs, solely to record time spent in IRQ handlers, but I digress.. was under the impression that kernel.resource should *never* be used outside of exec.library. This is a wrong impression. Michal started designing it because portable nature of AROS does not fit well into exec's API with all its assumptions. So, he started the new, hardware-agnostic kernel API from scratch. Yes, exec sits on top of it in places. But kernel always meant to be open thing. Otherwise it would not exist. it wasn't meant to be just used willy nilly by user code - but by lower system components (e.g. exec) so that they could be implemented in a more generic fashion, and the kernel resource itself hide the systems quirks. Adding new things there perfectly keeps up with our decision to minimize AROS-specific intervention into APIs which can clash with MorphOS or Amiga OS4 extensions. We want at least source-level compatibility there. Binary compatibility on PPC would be extremely cool, but at the other hand we have no maintainer for this, as well as their ABIs splintering. It depends on what exactly is being implemented - there's no reason we should have everything crammed into kernel.resource if it doesn't need to be (i.e. if its better suited as a separate component/subsystem in its own right) The _LE versions are for when you have endian swapping taking place. If the graphics are the same endian as the CPU, no swapping should occur. I ran into a similar terminology problem in SDL with a friend insisting that his Radeon 7000 on his PC was big-endian. It is not, it just uses the same endianness for the graphics card and the CPU so no swapping was necessary. They were both little-endian. The _LE versions are because the PixFmts refer to the bitmap data being in big endian format in memory, for which the normal version would need to do endianness conversion before applying the shifts/masks. on this platform it is in _LE in memory also so we don't need the conversion hence using the _LE version of the call). would use _LE (if it's really little endian 16 bit mode). What is the bare minimum needed to implement a framebuffer based gfx driver, with our software handling the rest? Have tried with just a gfx class that only expose new/dispose/newbitmap - and having an onscreenbitmap used only for the framebuffer itself (with all other bitmaps being chunkybm, and the framebuffer's superclass also being chunkybm), but that alone isn't enough it seems? You can use workbench/hidds/sm502/ as your example - it is as simple as I could make it. So, AROS creates the framebuffer bitmap (verified this) -> so surely it should be capable of then rendeing into it? I don't actually create the framebuffer "bitmap object" myself - only as a result of being asked to. The code I currently have on SVN seems to create the framebuffers bitmap object fine, but then crashes in intuitions DisplayDriver callback. In particular it crashes performing the getattr on the system default pointer. don't expose MEMF_CHIP in an allocatable form so AllocSpriteData was failing (and other code later doesn't check if the values are valid == illegal memory accesses) So far have -: vc_init: queries the gpus memory, and sets up a fake memory handler for it, then adds the bootmode driver and returns saying all is well vc_gfxhidd:New: sets up some fake syncmodes to test with and creates the real gfx object. vc_gfxhidd:NewBitmap: checks if its a framebuffer and uses the onbitmap class or uses the chunkybm class otherwise vc_onbitmap:New; creates a chunkybm object and then pushes the real framebuffer address into it as the buffer, vc4 had v8adds, v8subs, v8muld, v8min and v8max which operated on four 8bit uint values packed into a 32bit register. Multiplication was in the range 0.0 to 1.0 and addition/subtraction saturated. There were also a range unpacking/packing modes that allowed you to pack and unpack 8bit values into 32bit registers. RasPi has to speak to the "operating system" which runs on the GPU itself and request/free memory - it cant directly manage it itself, and so the managed functions were used to wrap these calls. The Arm and GPU share memory space. The framebuffer is shared. The Arm can write a pixel and it will appear on the screen (through GPU hardware) without flushing/copying being required. The GPU can composite multiple FB's in real time - so you have a number of surfaces defined which are rotated etc and composited in real time to the output. Copying can map from the address space of the Arm to the flat space of the GPU which takes some code, but I don't think whole buffers are copied. The DMA hardware can also access the whole memory space and can perform 2D fills and blits (no blending). This is documented in the peripheral spec posted. The DMA is just an Arm accessible peripheral and can be set up with low latency (e.g. microseconds). must use a 0xc0000000-based bus address to access SDRAM, yet non-DMA access should go via a 0x0-based bus address. For 2D dma, set TDMODE, and the spec says "interpret the TXFR_LEN register as YLENGTH number of transfers each of XLENGTH, and add the strides to the address after each transfer." so set STRIDE to pitch of the image, the width is XLENGTH and height is YLENGTH. You would fill by not setting the SRC_INC and point source to your fill data. The DMA cannot see the ARM's L1 cache, so you would map the framebuffer with ioremap_nocache. Depending on where the source data comes from, it may need an L1 cache flush. The DMA can see the L2 cache. Use 0xC0000000 bus addresses when L2 is disabled and 0x40000000 bus addresses when L2 is enabled. (actually just call virt_to_bus and you'll get the right address out). openGLES/openVG has high latency. Writing to framebuffer then reading it back is very inefficient (e.g. milliseconds). If you can drive it a unidirectional way, just streaming commands at then that is efficient. openVG is not implemented on top of openGLES - it uses the same hardware but as a first class interface To improve the Gfx driver, we will need a DMA resource implemented so can use to perform DMA operations. The Gfx driver will need this to perform blits. Actually MEMF_CHIP has to present, for historical reasons. This has been never fully agreed upon, but in ports i wrote i exposed the whole memory as MEMF_CHIP. The idea behind this is that CHIP is originally the memory where graphics and sound data can be put. On non-Amiga platforms there are no restrictions on this, so the whole memory is CHIP. Yes, many old software can misbehave with CHIP memory size larger than 2MB. But this actually applies only to m68k AROS which is going to run m68k binaries. In other cases it's quite logical to fix the program when porting. As to original question: yes, it's enough to have a framebuffer bitmap (one with aoHidd_BitMap_FrameBuffer set to TRUE) and PutPixel routine. It framebuffer can be served by chunky bitmap class, then you can simply create chunky bitmap with your own buffer (see how VESA driver does this). Chunky PutPixel is already there. struggling to determine what is the correct pixfmt to use for the 24/16/15 bit gfx modes on the RasPi. AFAIK it uses RGB565, for 16bit but im unsure what shifts etc should go with it? suffice to say Im getting the wrong colors so far lol. <pre> redmask: 0x0000F800 greenmask: 0x000007E0 bluemask: 0x0000001F alphamask: 0 redshift: 16 greenshift: 21 blueshift: 27 alphashift: 0 </pre> It should likely be vHidd_StdPixFmt_RGB16_LE This stuff is a bit confusing. The "names" of the stdpixfmts are based on the layout in memory, ignoring endianess. So for example: ARGB32: will be 0xAA 0xRR 0xGG 0xBB in memory on both big endian and little endian machines. The shifts and masks OTOH are based on pixel access (ULONG in this case), so differ depending on whether you run on big endian machine or little endian machine (that's why there's stdpixfmt_le.h and stdpixfmt_be.h in rom/hidds/graphics/). With the 16 bit pixel format it's even more confusing, as for example it's impossible on little endian machine to describe RGB16 with shifts/masks alone. That's why there's vHidd_PixFmt_SwapPixelBytes_Flag. (RGB16 == RRRRRGGG GGGBBBBB in memory, and for pixel (WORD) access on little endian machine it needs to be accessed as GGGBBBBBRRRRRGGGG). The shifts btw indicate how much to shift the component to the left (!) so that it is moved to the highest bit (31). The aHidd_PixFmt_StdPixFmt you specify will be ignored most of the time, because when the pixelfmt is registered, the gfx hidd checks if there's an identical pixfmt (shifts/masks/etc., but ignoring pixfmt->stdpixfmt) already in the system, and if so, it uses the already existing one and does not create a new one. In theory it would be better if gfx drivers could simply/only specify a StdPixFmt without all the shifts/masks stuff when the gfx driver uses pixfmt which matches one of the stdpixfmts exactly. Another possibility would be for gfx drivers to use HIDD_Gfx_GetPIxFmt(stdpixfmt_gfx_driver_wants_to_use) and then peek shifts/masks from it and fill out a pixfmt tag list based on that. 15bit very blue/green: Try to pass same shifts/masks/etc. as in 16 bit pixfmt (maybe you think it's using 15 bit R5G5B5 (or swapped) but it's actually still using 16 bit R5G6B5 (or swapped). aHidd_PixFmt_StdPixFmt you pass is mostly ignored. It's the shift/masks/etc. that count. But I would still pass the correct one (_LE) == whatever rom/hidds/graphics/stdpixfmts_??.h uses in the entry where you have looked up shifts/masks/etc. Use the shifts/masks/etc. from the entry in stdpixfmt_le.h (if you are running on little endian machine) or stdpixfmt_be.h (if you are running on little endian machine) that matches the pixfmt that its meant to be. 0xAA,0xRR,0xGG,0xBB on little endian (->entry in stdpixfmt_le.h which says vHidd_StdPixFmt_ARGB32) 0xBB,0xGG,0xRR,0xAA on little endian (->entry in stdpixfmt_le.h which says vHidd_StdPixFmt_BGRA32) 0xAA,0xRR,0xGG,0xBB on big endian (->entry in stdpixfmt_be.h which says vHidd_StdPixFmt_ARGB32) 0xBB,0xGG,0xRR,0xAA on big endian (->entry in stdpixfmt_be.h which says vHidd_StdPixFmt_BGRA32) it feels like AROS trashes the alpha component, otherwise it should be 8A8R8G8B. read on the subject suggest its in 1x5r5g5b (x is ignored) to keep 16bit alignment . Suggests to me that wrong shift/mask are being applied - however going by the 16bit versions it all looks correct to me so I am really confused as to what is happening. The output image looks to have too much green/blue, and very weak red. Kickstart The idea is to minimize amount of archirecture-specific modules to make the user's life easier. So, the kickstart was split into 'base' (which does not contain anything machine-specific) and 'BSP' (Board Support Package) which contains all hardware-specific stuff. This way, for example, distribution makers can save up space on CD and make CDs with multiple platform support. Different configuration would load the same base with different BSP's. Next there was some part which is entirely missing on hosted. These are filesystems. Hosted ports do not need them to boot up, so on hosted they are left out. At the other hand, they are also architecture-agnostic. So i put them into 'FS' package (standing for 'filesystem'). USB Poseidon is one more big part. I made it into separate package in order to allow users to omit it if they don't need it (for example, to run on retro PCs without USB). Personally i have one. Again, Poseidon is hardware-agnostic (well, there are USB drivers but HCIs are pretty standard). AFAIK its HCI 1.0 compliant but not familiar enough with poseidons drivers, nor USB, to just hack away at the existing code. Perhaps once i'm more familiar with the workings I can merge in the changes needed to get it operating but for now I will focus on getting it running. Also our drivers have known issues so perhaps a fresh set of eyes might shed some light on what is going wrong. Another interesting question is whether Poseidon can operate on device side. Is it flexible enough? How similar is being a USB host and USB device? think it will need a bit of work on Poseidon's side. Until then I will force the driver into Host/Master mode in the init code, but leave open device etc to configure the chipset for either's use - and look at trying to add support for working in Device/Slave mode & switching modes once it's up and running. Actually USBROMStartup is some kind of kludge. Can there be any alternative? Could device drivers be self-installing, like our HIDDs? This would get rid of need to list them in USBRomStartup. * Model A and B limited to 150 mA per port. * Model B+ and Pi 2 introduced configurable 600 mA to 1.2 A support over all ports - anything above that requires a powered USB hub. Implementing the hardware driver that Poseidon uses to interact with the USB components. Have code in place to (try) and initialise the USB chipset, and configure host/device mode operation (though AFAICT Poseidon doesn't support device mode). Started to get the "virtual" root hub written for the single USB port so that Poseidon should at least list it correctly in the GUI - and try to interact with it to find peripherals. The BCM2835 uses a soft IP block from Synopsys’ DesignWare library (DWC), specifically the block is called dwc_usb_2_0_hs_otg_subsystem-ahb_se (“USB 2.0 Hi-Speed OTG Controller Subsystem w/AHB Interface SE”). There is no public documentation for this, and pretty much zero chance of anyone getting hold of it even with NDA. However, there's a Linux driver written by Synopsys ([https://github.com/raspberrypi/linux dwc_usb]). Specifically directories [https://github.com/raspberrypi/linux/tree/rpi-patches/drivers/usb/host dwc_common_port] and [https://github.com/raspberrypi/linux/tree/rpi-patches/drivers/usb/host dwc_otg]. The Synopsys code is actually under a fairly permissive licence – it's not GPL, it's similar to BSD (’don't sue us if it breaks’ is pretty much the only clause). So this should not be a barrier to porting the code. The code is really well written, with a nice partition between the work done by the driver (dwc_otg, which is fairly involved, given the host does more work than a conventional EHCI driver), and the interface to Linux (dwc_common_port). Probably only need provision of relevant changes to dwc_common_port. Other things to consider.... * Provision of necessary headers to get it to compile * Provision of necessary functions (main issues are wait queues, threads, work queues, tasklets, timers, spinlocks and mutexes (multithreading) ) * Interfacing between USB stack and the driver. dwc_otg/dwc_otg_hcd_linux.c looks like the place to start. the Linux bits of the headers are only required for the dwc_common_port library. dwc_common_port includes a variety of crypto functions which are not used – it appears to also be used for ultrawideband (UWB) and wireless USB (WUSB) drivers where crypto will be an issue, but it isn't going to be for plain wired USB. Every USB driver acts as an USB hub as well in order to let Poseidon control the state of USB ports. The code there was reading status of the only USB port in Raspberry's CPU but when changing the status it erroneously deleted some of the status bits, including the port enable one. It was so because those bits in the status register are of a type Read/WriteToClear. It means, if one does not want to change their value from 1 back to 0, one has to actually write the 0 value. Very practical thing e.g. in interrupt handlers, where one reads the interrupt status register to learn what was the interrupt reason, and writes it back to the same register in order to clear the interrupts. After fixing that code it turned out that the communication was still unsuccessful. Apparently the USB device was not understanding the host for some reason. That should not happen since the request sent was one of the standard ones implemented by virtually anything with an USB connector, assumed that Poseidon clears the data caches before forwarding the work to the USB drivers but that's the responsibility of the driver itself. The USB device responded and acknowledged the transmission! But why were all the request sent after address change failing with timeout? They should not. Once again, address set is supported just by anything. Tried to contact the device at address 0 once again and there it was, still responding properly. The enlightenment came. The bus address for DMA transmissions was, as it is in many bare metal USB implementations, just the pure memory address of the buffer as seen by the ARM cpu. Have "prefixed" it with the real location of uncached RAM and booted AROS once again. Trident saw this: Product : Hub: Vdr=0424/PID=9514 Manufacturer: Standard Microsystems Corp. SerialNumber: n/a /Users/michal/git/AROS/rom/USB/poseidon/./poseidon.library.c:psd_20_psdEnumerateDevice/3092: USBVersion: 0200 Class : 9 SubClass : 0 DevProto : 2 VendorID : 1060 ProductID : 38164 DevVers : 0200 and this: Product : Vendor: Vdr=0424/PID=EC00 Manufacturer: Standard Microsystems Corp. SerialNumber: n/a /Users/michal/git/AROS/rom/USB/poseidon/./poseidon.library.c:psd_20_psdEnumerateDevice/3092: USBVersion: 0200 Class : 255 SubClass : 0 DevProto : 1 VendorID : 1060 ProductID : 60416 DevVers : 0200 and even this: Product : Hub: Vdr=0424/PID=9514 Manufacturer: Standard Microsystems Corp. SerialNumber: n/a /Users/michal/git/AROS/rom/USB/poseidon/./poseidon.library.c:psd_20_psdEnumerateDevice/3092: USBVersion: 0200 Class : 9 SubClass : 0 DevProto : 2 VendorID : 1060 ProductID : 38164 DevVers : 0200 What are these things? The first one is USB hub built in the Raspberry. Thanks to this one the Pi machines (with exception of Pi0 and computing modules) have more than just one single USB port. The second one is the network chip in raspberry, the third one is my USB SD card reader which have just connected to see what happens. AROS tried, of course, to boot from it ;) So, the first step towards working USB is done. The control transfers are working as you can see above. Next step is to implement bulk and interrupt transfers, having the basics in place. Finally some error handling will be added and USB for Pi will be as complete as the PC version. [http://www.raspyfi.com/raspberry-pi-usb-audio-fix/ Issue with USB Audio] Audio The Pi 4B is the only Pi that can output HD Audio as an HD Audio passthrough bitstream, and it does it over HDMI. It's possible to use the two HDMI output for separate HDMI video and HDMI audio outputs to allow UHD HDR video and HD Audio with non-UHD HDR compatible AVRs. The Pi3B+ and earlier will decode to PCM 5.1/7.1 and output over HDMI. HDMI is the only interconnect that has a standard for carrying Dolby True HD, DTS HD MA etc. as a bitstream - you can't carry it as a bitstream on any other interface. Pi3 and Pi4 audio jack output derived from 12bit pulse width modulation is relatively poor. For better, choose USB Audio or I2C versions. [https://github.com/raspberrypi/linux/tree/rpi-patches/sound/arm audio] and its [https://github.com/raspberrypi/firmware/issues/2 very high speed message passing interface type of thing VCHI] The Model B+ added an additional voltage regulator for the audio output and an additional output driver to drive low-resistance loads like headphones. However it is still using pulse-width modulation (PWM), which has a major impact on sound quality the old Raspberry Pi used a linear voltage regulator to provide the 3.3V to many of the components on the board while the new one uses a switching regulator. Both can perform reasonably well. However switch mode power supplies often show higher noise figures Analogue audio Audio over HDMI rev 1.3 & 1.4 Ethernet 10/100 BaseT Ethernet RJ45 socket GPIO GPIO shouldn't be too bad but bear in mind it is already accessed in places so they would need to allocate pins etc through it (e.g. sdcard to flicker the activity light, serial debug to output data on the GPIO pins) Probably a resource rather than a device... Started an i2c driver that will need to allocate GPIO pins. Feel free to work on it if you are interested ;p GPU graphics with 2D and 3D acceleration Sadly none yet for 32bit but for 64bit... Miscellanous hdmi issues Setting the hdmi_force_hotplug=1 makes sure the Pi believes the monitor/TV is really there. You might also need to set config_hdmi_boost=4 or even higher (up to 9) if your display needs a stronger signal. If the display is a computer monitor or newer tv, use hdmi_group=1 (auto HDMI use) and if it is an older TV, try hdmi_group=2 (for DMT formats, i.e. for PC monitors) then you HAVE to "set hdmi_drive = 2 to enable HDMI output as this forces HDMI mode rather than DVI mode Do not set hdmi_safe=1 as that overrides many of the previous options. Using a shorter or better quality HDMI cable might help. Make sure your Pi's power supply delivers 1 A and not 500 mA. If you see a problem with the red colour - either absent, or interference - then try a boost composite video changing the RCA cable, then the composite port worked out of the box Boot it as you are doing, without HDMI. If you now plug in the HDMI, do you get the image? In other words, does the Pi think HDMI is connected even when it isn't? Rename all the files in the first partion of the card except bootcode.bin, start.elf and fixup.dat What's the result? Put back config.txt What's the result? for PAL mode sdtv_mode=2 dmi_ignore_hotplug Pretends HDMI hotplug signal is not asserted so it appears a HDMI display is not attached hdmi_ignore_hotplug=1 Use composite mode even if HDMI monitor is detected <pre> # NOOBS Auto-generated Settings: #hdmi_force_hotplug=1 #config_hdmi_boost=4 #overscan_left=24 #overscan_right=24 #overscan_top=16 #overscan_bottom=16 #disable_overscan=0 start_x=1 gpu_mem=128 </pre> tvservice -c "PAL 4:3" <pre> /opt/vc/bin/tvservice -s or tvservice -s state: HPD high|HDMI mode|HDCP off|composite off (0x12001a), 1920x1080 @ 60 Hz, progressive /opt/vc/bin/tvservice -m CEA Group CEA has 1 modes: (native) mode 16: 1920x1080 @ 60 Hz, progressive /opt/vc/bin/tvservice -m DMT Group DMT has 0 modes: </pre> sudo amixer cset numid=3 1 forces the audio to the headphone jack, even with the HDMI video output plugged in config.txt the hdmi_ignore_edid_audio=1 option sems relevant as it should tell ALSA that the only available audio is analog, no matter what the display says There are several different ways that these 4 pole (ring) composite analog cables can be wired up, so some work great in some applications and can be a waste of time in others. What is needed for the Raspberry Pi B+ and above, which like many camcorders needs the ring contact next to the base contact to be the ground. The wiring for the 4 pole are: TIP (LEFT AUDIO CHANNEL) RING 1 (RIGHT AUDIO CHANNEL) RING 2 (GROUND/EARTH) RING 3 BASE/SLEEVE (VIDEO) YELLOW Most Apple based Players and the Microsoft Zune (TM) are wired this way. Most analogue camcorders are wired this way as well, where the ground in on Ring 2 will work with the Pi although you may need to swap your Video plug with the Right Audio plug. Nearly all other MP3 players are not wired this way, the ground is on another ring ie the wrong one. External devices * Camera Module Omnivision ov5647 Sunny 5MP (NoIR version) V1.3 - NoIR at 850&nbsp;nm, peak at 880&nbsp;nm and trails off at 940&nbsp;nm wavelengths * Camera V2 Sony IMX219 V2.1 8mpixel 8MP 8megapixel - 3280 x 2464 pixels - video at 1080p30, 720p60 and 640x480p90 - wider field of view, 62 vs 54 degrees horizontally - * Branded WIFI usb BCM43143 dongle N.B. dreaded error after changing cameras (stupidly without turning off the power first) and lasted through several power cycles. It can be a bad 15-pin FFC ribbon cable, when swapped, camera(s) and the Pi itself are working OK. It can be an instance of a cold solder joint on the CSI connector on the pi board. the camera can be detected (that's done via I2C) but may still not be able to receive image data (done via CSI-2) if something is broken. CSI-2 is uni-directional. Control is generally done via I2C. The CSI-2 receiver always writes to memory, not direct to the ISP. That's the way the Broadcom architecture works as it allows multipass processing easily. GPU memory is accessible from the ARM. Processing using the QPU graphics processors may be possible. currently the only supported sensor is OV5647 and IMX219. The linux drivers are all in the firmware blob, else you'd be looking at at least a man-month of work in a fully fledged imaging lab to do a decent tuning of the camera modules' ISP parameters. Static electricity maybe an issue for the camera module and slightly less for the pi board. == References == ===Good sites to visit=== *[https://github.com/raspberrypi/firmware/tree/master/ Raspberry Pi Firmware build] *[https://www.raspberrypi.com/documentation/computers/software-sources.html Documentation] *[https://rpilocator.com/ RPiLocator] Linux only *[https://github.com/raspberrypi/linux Raspberry Pi Linux Build] *[https://dietpi.com/ DietPi] *[http://www.tinycorelinux.net/ports.html piCore] *[https://wiki.alpinelinux.org/wiki/Raspberry_Pi Alpine Linux] *[https://github.com/armbian/build Armbian] *[ FydeOS] *[ TwisterOS based on ChromiumOS] *[https://note.com/jamesmondo/n/nc76e31402be8?hl=en BSD] *[https://www.raspberrypi.com/software/operating-systems/ PiOS Lite] and then [https://hstwb.firstrealize.com/ HST] *[ PiMiga for pi4 and pi5] *[ amibian for pi2 and pi3] *[ retropie pi1 and 2] Other alternative lighter smaller than Pi OS *[https://aros.sourceforge.io/nightly1.html Aros 64bit ARMV8 single core] *[https://www.riscosopen.org/wiki/documentation/show/Welcome%20to%20RISC%20OS%20Pi RiscOS on Pi3 and Pi4] *[https://github.com/michalsc/Emu68 ARM based realtime JIT 68k for amiga computers] *[https://github.com/JJDSNT/bellatrix/releases/ Alternative use of Emu68 on Pi3b] *[https://github.com/stevereaver/uaos uaOS with Emu68k] *[https://github.com/aros-development-team/AROS/commit/f80a268607dfae81b2db94755ab4e4d31ccb72d6 m68kemu library reference] *[ HaikuOS] *[https://github.com/raspberrypi/noobs NOOBS] os loader with successor [https://github.com/procount/pinn PINN] *[https://github.com/maxnet/berryboot berryboot] *[https://github.com/brianwiddas/pi-baremetal Bare Metal Access on Pi 32bit] Testing procedure is put sd card in, connect board to board if necessary, plug in hdmi and then power nothing else is done especially CSI DSI etc [https://www.raspberrypi.com/documentation/computers/compute-module.html CM5] has the same 55mm x 40mm 2x100pin connectors form factor as the CM4 but [https://www.epdtonthenet.net/article/214508/Key-Considerations-When-Migrating-from-Raspberry-Pi-CM4-to-CM5.aspx some pins and other small things] have changed. Will need the [https://raspipcb.com/tech-blog/raspberry-pi-cm4-vs-cm5-difference-in-booting-from-sd-card/ right IO board to suit] *Green [ Raspberry Pi Compute Module 5 IO Board REV2 [https://pip.raspberrypi.com/categories/1097-raspberry-pi-compute-module-5-io-board SC1967]] - untested *Green [ RPi Compute Module 5 IO board REV1 [https://pip.raspberrypi.com/categories/1097-raspberry-pi-compute-module-5-io-board SC1751]] - untested *Black SupTronics Geekbord X1500 CM5 IO Carrier Board - untested *Black DeskPi Super6C Cluster Mini-ITX Board - untested *[https://sipeed.com/nanocluster Sipeed NanoCluster] - untested up to 7 CM5 *Green BentoIO CMX0 - untested *Box EDATec ED-CLAWBOX - untested *Home Assistant Yellow - Kit with PoE with Raspberry Pi Compute Module 5 - untested *Blue [https://www.waveshare.com/wiki/CM5_PoE_BASE_A Waveshare CM5-PoE-BASE-A] - untested *Box Waveshare [ CM5-POE-BOX-A] - untested *Blue [https://www.waveshare.com/wiki/CM5-IO-BASE-B Waveshare CM5-IO-BASE-B] - untested *Blue [https://www.waveshare.com/wiki/CM5-IO-BASE-A Waveshare CM5-IO-BASE-A] - untested *Blue Waveshare [https://www.waveshare.com/wiki/CM5-NANO-B CM5-NANO-B] - untested *[https://carboncomputers.us/products/pi-flux piFlux] *[https://carboncomputers.us/products/ Zitaotech Hackberry] CM5 lite only - *Portable [https://www.waveshare.com/pocketterm35.htm Waveshare PocketTerm35] with Pi4B or Pi5 - untested *Box [https://www.clockworkpi.com/uconsole ClockworkPi uConsole][https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EtI_bAahbR8 CM4 into an adapter or CM3 into so-dimm - Cyberdeck] - untested *Green RPi [https://datasheets.raspberrypi.com/cm4io/CM4IO-KiCAD.zip Compute Module 4] [https://datasheets.raspberrypi.com/cm4io/cm4io-datasheet.pdf IO board] V1.4 [https://datasheets.raspberrypi.com/cm4io/CM4IOUSB3-KiCAD.zip USB3] [https://datasheets.raspberrypi.com/cm4io/cm4iousb3-appnote.pdf CM4ISO] [https://datasheets.raspberrypi.com/cm4/cm4-datasheet.pdf Dual100pin] (2020) aka Development Platform Board - untested *Purple Pi Hut Cytron CM4 Maker Board - untested *Black DeskPi Super6C Cluster Mini-ITX Board - untested *[ KubeSail PiBox mini 2] *Home Assistant Yellow with Raspberry Pi Compute Module 4 - untested *[ Turing Pi V2] - untested CM4 with 260-pin SO-DIMM socket adapters and/or nvidia jetson nanos - untested *Blue [https://www.waveshare.com/wiki/CM4-IO-BASE-C Waveshare CM4-IO-BASE-C] - untested but binary blobs Rev01 Rev02 *Blue [https://www.waveshare.com/wiki/CM4-IO-BASE-B Waveshare CM4-IO-BASE-B] - untested but binary blobs *Blue [https://www.waveshare.com/wiki/CM4-IO-BASE-A Waveshare CM4-IO-BASE-A] - untested but binary blobs *Blue [https://www.waveshare.com/wiki/CM4-NANO-B Waveshare CM4-NANO] - untested but usb and audio turned off or rerouted *Black [ Seeed Studio with BigTreeTech BTT pad 7] - bin blobs? CM3 has a 200 pin sodimm ddr2 connector form factor but not electrically SC0028, SC0029 *Blue [https://wiki.geekworm.com/CM_IO_Board Geekworm RPi Compute Module IO Board] [https://github.com/geekworm-com/cm-io-board CSI DSI] with CM3 in ddr2 slot underside - '''works''' if SW1 on but CM3+ '''does not''' *Green [https://cdn-shop.adafruit.com/product-files/3442/CMIO_schematic.pdf RPi V3 IO board CM3IO] and CM3 Lite - untested *Green [https://turingpi.com/ turingpi v1 cluster] - untested up to 7 cm3 7xlan9514 12V discontinued, 3 x Pi4 homelab maybe better *Blue [https://www.waveshare.com/wiki/Compute_Module_PoE_Board Waveshare Compute Module PoE Board] and CM3 lite (if not lite, write files to internal eMMC fat32) '''AVOID''' bin blobs *Blue [https://www.waveshare.com/compute-module-io-board-plus.htm Waveshare Compute Module IO Board Plus] [https://www.waveshare.com/wiki/Compute_Module_IO_Board_Plus wiki] [https://forums.raspberrypi.com/viewtopic.php?t=235695 pin settings] with CM3+ Lite - '''AVOID''' binary blob *[ Pi02w on Geekworm SupTronics X305 Raspberry Pi Zero IO Baseboard] - untested *[ Spotpear Pi Zero 2w to Pi3b format-ish] - untested *[ pi-top v4] box has 128x64 oled display, micro hdmi, 19Whr battery with pi4 and 15V PD 36W min needed *[ pi-top v3] three green pieces, heatsink covers most of the base tray, pi-top hub mk1 lhs and Pi1B Pi2b Pi3b rhs secured from below, black rounded strip with pi-top above keyboard, 13.3" HD 1366 x 768 display, small touchpad, *[ pi-top Model 2.0] pi-top on bottom bezel of 14-inch green laptop, large trackpad, keyboard slide down to reveal main system hub on slide rails moved to the right, Raspberry Pi3b screws down, hub slides in, 18V 2.5A 45W charger brick, battery 11.1V 3500mAh 38.85Wh and storage PiTopOS *[ Pi-Top CEED Raspberry Pi Modular Educational Desktop with RPI3] monitor *[https://www.indiegogo.com/en/projects/jesselozano/pi-top-a-raspberry-pi-laptop-you-build-yourself Pi-Top v1] wedge laptop with RPi2 <pre> 2008 Trustees collected for Foundation 2009 Pi Foundation charity status gained 2010 2011 First Raspberry prototypes 2012 First boards go on sale at CPC and RS. The Model A and B 700 MHz Arm11 - February 29th BCM 2835 2012 First million sold - more than the 10,000 original planned and anticipated 2013 First Alpha Experimental builds of AROS Native for the 32bit Pi 2013 Pi Trading launched making grants available, providing in house educational resources and Pi Academy for teacher training 2013 Over two million sold 2014 Over three million sold 2014 Pi 1 Model B+ introduced that moved composite video to audio jack and same half gig of memory 2014 Pi Model A+ v1.1 no ethernet and 1 usb - a little smaller - 2015 Over four million first gen pis sold 2015 Pi Zero 1.2 BCM2835 first production revision released with no camera port 2016 Pi0 1.3 released with camera csi connector 2017 Pi Zero W v1.1 1GHz Pi0W, single-core 32bit CPU BCM2835 released with Cypress CYW43438 wireless 2020 Raspberry Pi Pico SC0919 with RP2040 32-bit 2Core ARM Cortex-M0+ up to 133 MHz - 264KB of SRAM and 2MB of on-board QSPI Flash - 2024 Raspberry Pi Pico 2 with RP2350 2Core 32bit Arm Cortex-M33 and 2core open-hardware [https://github.com/wren6991/hazard3 Hazard3 RISC-V] 2015 Pi 2 Model B v1.1 BCM2836 900/600 MHz ARM Cortex-A7 Armv7 quad 32bit, 32bit VideoCore IV GPU - 1Gb RAM - 5V 2A micro usb - SMSC LAN9514 chip - 2015 Over a million pi2s sold 2015 Raspberry Pi 2 Model B version 1.2 Pi2bv1.2, aka Pi2B2 has armv8 BCM2837 underclocked to 900Mhz without wifi/bluetooth module 2016 Pi 3 Model B - Broadcom BCM2837 SOC four 64bit ARMv8 Cortex-A53 1.2GHz 32bit 1080p VideoCore IV GPU - 1Gb DDR2 - bluetooth 4.1, Cypress CYW43438 wireless 802.11n - 4 x USB2.0 ports - 5.1V 2.5A - SMSC LAN9514 chip 2016 PIs total over 10 million worldwide 2017 Compute Module 3 CM3 with BCM2837B0 armv8 Quad 64-bit - small 67.6mm x 31mm board which fits DDR2 SODIMM connector but not electrically compatible which plugs into needed IO board - beware of the I2C protocol issue 1Gb LPDDR2 RAM - Lite or 4Gb Emmc storage 2017 12 million pis sold in total 2018 Pi 3 Model B+ - 4c A53 BCM2837B0 1.4Ghz - 1Gb, wireless 802.11ac, gigabit ethernet (300Mbit/s) and bluetooth 4.2 - power over ethernet - 4 x USB2.0 ports - Microchip LAN7515 chip 2019 Over 15 million sold 2019 Pi 3 Model A+ with BCM2837b0 Cortex-A53 64-bit SoC @ 1.4 GHz with 512Mb LPDDR2, 1 usb2, 1 hdmi, 1 micro usb 5V 2A - no ethernet - 2019 Raspberry Pi Compute Module 3+ CM3+ - Broadcom BCM2837B0 1.2Ghz, Cortex-A53 (ARMv8) 64-bit SoC on DDR2 SODIMM mechanically compatible only factor - IO board required 1Gb DDR2 and 8GB, 16GB, 32GB or a Lite variant without eMMC 2021 Pi zero 2 (w or no W) RP3A0 quad 1GHz Cortex-A53 64bit BCM2710A1 512mB SDRam 2025 edaTEC CM0 ED-CM0NANA with additional dev board with quad 1Ghz A53 with 512Mb Raysan RAM, 2 USB2 and 10/100 ethernet - pico castellated edge 2019 Pi 4 Model B v1.1 RPI4B - BCM2711B0T quad 64bit A72 1.5GHz, 4K VideoCore VI, AC wifi, Bluetooth 5.0, GbE Broadcom BCM54213PE (PHY ID 0x600d84a2), 2 micro hdmi decode up to 4K, USB-C 5.1V 3A power, 2xVLI VL805 USB 3, 2xUSB 2.0, 2GB 9LDWW D9WHZ or 4GB 9FDWW D9WHV, 8GB 0AA47 D9ZCL ddr4 ram 2020 Silent Pi 4 v1.2 upgrade with more USB-c psu support 2020 PI400 BCM2711C0T 1.8GHz 4Gb DDR4 inside keyboard, 5.1V 5A 27W usb-c psu, 2 micro hdmi, external ide style 40pin gpio, no audio port - 2020 Raspberry Pi Compute Module 4 BCM2711B0T on new 55mm x 40mm 2x100 pin form factor with extra breakout IO board CM4101000 1Gb RAM Lite SOM CM4102000 2GB RAM Lite CM4104000 4GB RAM Lite CM4004008-4GB-RAM 8GB-EMMC SOM System on Modules CM4104032 4GB RAM 32GB emmc CM4108000 8GB RAM Lite CM4008016 8GB RAM 16Gb eMMc 2021 Raspberry Pi SC0763 Compute Module 4S CM4S with ddr2 sodimm pinouts but not electrically the same with suitable IO board extra cost - CM4S01000 1GB RAM Lite CM4S01008 1GB RAM 8GB eMMC Flash CM4S02000 2GB RAM Lite CM4S04000 4GB RAM Lite CM4S04016 4GB RAM 16Gb KLMAG1JETD-B041 CM4S08000 8GB RAM Lite 2021 Pi 4 v1.4 BCM2711B1 upgraded power regulator, to deal with 8gig of ram being more power hungry 2021-48 Raspberry Pi 4 model B v1.5 2GB 2023 Pi 5 v1.0 BCM2712 Quad A76 @2.4Ghz - VideoCore VII - no audio socket - dual 4k from mini hdmi - fan connector - 5.1V 5A psu 2024 Pi 5 2GB DDR4 version uses BCM2712D0 2024 Pi-500 with 8Gb LPDDR5 and membrane keyboard 2024 Pi 5 v1.1 2024 Raspberry Pi Compute Module 5 CM5 BCM2712 55mm x 40mm form factor with additional IO board CM5004000 04GB RAM 0GB eMMC Lite CM5008000 08GB RAM 0GB eMMC Lite CM5016000 16GB RAM 0GB eMMC Lite 2025 Pi-500+ with 256GB NVMe storage, 16GB LPDDR4 RAM, and Gateron KS-33 Low Profile Blue mechanical keyboard switches 2025 Pi5 1GB DDR4 announced 2022 PiOS linux goes 64bit 2024 Pi Trading IPO stockmarket stock exchange listing 2026 April and May Aros 64bit fixed, added AHI audio, VC4 gfx started, usb functions added to rom 2026 June and July Aros 64bit usb2otg started, dma.resource, sdio.resource, bwfm.device wifi added 2026 Late July daily 64bit Pi3 LE little endian builds start 2026 August Pi 4, 400, 5 and 500 DTBs added, expanding existing support and wifi for Pi4 and Pi5 2026 August Pi5 HAT+ nvme and HDMI, AHI RPiI2S added, Pi4 HVS5 video scaler started, 2026 2027 2028 Pi 6 </pre> The vcgencmd can be used to inspect and dump the current system configuration. vcgencmd runs on top of VCHIQ as an RPC. The mailbox interface is an alternate but much simpler RPC. VCHIQ is a bridge (queue) between the CPU and the GPU so they can communicate with the firmware. Loads of [https://github.com/6by9/rpi3-gpiovirtbuf/blob/master/rpi3-gpiovirtbuf.c mailbox] which uses the GPIO control calls. [https://github.com/raspberrypi/firmware/wiki/Mailboxes may also be of interest] A fair number of vcgencmd examples (search for vc_vchi_gencmd_init). [https://www.raspberrypi.org/forums/viewtopic.php?t=229203#p1406112 sends the relevant vcgencmd commands] to update the scaling kernel, but the [https://github.com/raspberrypi/userland/blob/master/host_applications/linux/apps/gencmd/gencmd.c command] is just a text string. Parsing and execution of the instructions is performed by the VideoCore firmware. The Raspberry Pi runs two separate operating systems: Linux/Aros on the ARM, and a threedx RTOS called vcos running on the Videocore 4 VPU: vcos is commonly called "the firmware". Vcos is tasked with performing certain system services, for example running the display and audio outputs. The VCHI driver provides an interface to allow drivers to talk to vcos. Doubtful, on any [https://www.web3d.org/ Web3d] [https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/WebGL_API WebGL] or [https://github.com/immersive-web/webxr WebXR] [https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/WebXR_Device_API Device API] [https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/XRInputSource XRInputSource] support. Hopefully, never/limited support features like location, peer-to-peer, invasive web apps, unwarranted storage, payments, proprietary video streaming etc *spreadsheet [https://git.sheetjs.com/sheetjs/sheetjs sheetjs] [https://github.com/mleibman/SlickGrid SlickGrid javascript] [https://github.com/6pac/SlickGrid SlickGrid typescript] [https://github.com/jspreadsheet/ce jspreadsheet ce] probably without xlsx support *presentations [https://github.com/impress/impress.js/ impress.js simplified] [https://github.com/bwlewis/slides slides] [https://zenomt.github.io/mdslides/ github markdown slides] [https://github.com/Patternslib/slides Patternslib slides markdown] probably without pptx support *ai office [https://github.com/dream-num/univer/ univer], [https://github.com/dream-num/Luckysheet Luckysheet] [https://github.com/ruilisi/fortune-sheet fortune-sheet] *weather [https://github.com/Himanshu3412/Weather-Forecast Weather Forecast], [https://github.com/kaushalsahu07/weather weather needs API key], ==Future== [https://github.com/ARMSX2/ARMSX2 Arm pi of pcsx2], [https://github.com/Joshua-Riek/armbian-build Linux Armbian builds for old mobile devices], [], [https://tube.cadence.moe/ Cloudtube], [https://github.com/TeamPiped/documentation/blob/main/content/docs/public-instances/index.md TeamPiped], [], [], [], [https://hyperpipe.codeberg.page/ hyperpipe], [https://ytify.pp.ua/ ytify], [], [], [ ytdl], [https://github.com/golddominik893/liberatube liberatube] [https://git.lolcat.ca/lolcat/4get 4get], [https://github.com/hnhx/librex librex], [], [], {{BookCat}} dcq5icp0k7ah7kdx4jctqfrqezuawwh Historical Geology/Physical properties of rocks 0 290529 4679414 3318511 2026-11-01T07:51:05Z ~2026-58085-22 3630036 Changed "work" to "word" 4679414 wikitext text/x-wiki In order to fully understand plate tectonics and the evidence for it, it is necessary for the reader to know a little about the physical properties of rocks. In this article we provide a brief introduction to the concepts involved. ==Stress and strain== In ordinary English, stress and strain are more or less synonymous. In physics, they refer to different though related quantities. '''Stress''' is a measure of the force per unit area exerted on a surface of a deformable body. That is, roughly speaking, stress is to solids what pressure is to gasses, and like pressure it is measured in '''pascals''' ('''Pa'''); that is, in newtons per meter squared. '''Strain''' is the deformation of a body as a result of stress. In geology, strain is given by the length by which a rock expands or contracts divided by the length it was originally: because this is the ratio of a length to a length no units are associated with it. ==Tension, compression, and shear== [[File:Tension, compression, shear.png|right|frame|Tension, compression, and shear.]]The stress on a rock (or any other material, for that matter) can be classified as tension, compression, or shear, as illustrated in the diagram to the right. Rock is strong under compression but relatively weak under tension and shear. This is a result of the microscopic structure of rock: it contains microscopic cracks which are forced open and enlarged by tension and shear but which are forced closed by compression. This is why a small overhang on a cliff will easily break under its own weight (being subjected to shear) whereas the rock at the foot of the same cliff will bear the much greater weight of all the rock above it, as in that case it is being subjected to compression. ==Elastic and plastic behavior== A material is said to be '''elastic''' if it recovers from stress — that is, if, having been bent or extended or compressed under shear stress or tension or compression, it snaps back into its original configuration when the stress is released. A material is said to be '''plastic''' if, on the contrary, once stress has squeezed it into a certain shape, it retains that shape; plasticine, for example, is plastic at room temperature and surface pressure. When a solid is placed under stress, its behavior is at first elastic; then (with increasing stress) plastic; then with the addition of enough stress it fractures. A solid which undergoes very little plastic deformation between elastic behavior and fracturing is said to be '''brittle'''. In colloquial English we usually reserve this word for things which are both brittle in the technical sense and also require little stress to break, such as egg-shells; in its technical use in physics, however, a substance such as diamond is also brittle in the technical sense: diamond may not break easily, but it will break before it undergoes any significant plastic deformation. The opposite of brittle is '''ductile'''. A material will have greater resistance to fracture if it is under a high surrounding pressure; and it will be more ductile at higher temperatures. The reader should also bear in mind that the rate at which stress is applied may be significant: a force rapidly applied may produce fracture which, if more slowly applied, may produce deformation. The material known as Silly Putty is famous for clearly demonstrating this property: it deforms under gentle pressure from one's fingers but shatters if hit with a hammer. ==Application to rocks== We should now explain how all this applies to rocks in particular. Rocks on the surface will exhibit elastic and brittle behavior, since they are cold and at low pressure. At depth, the pressure will be greater, increasing their brittle strength (that is, their resistance to fracture) and the temperatures will be higher, decreasing their ductile strength (that is, their resistance to plastic deformation). Below the depth at which the ductile strength is less than the brittle strength, the rocks will be fully ductile and plastic. Some people describe the rocks below this depth as molten, but this is not accurate: they are not a liquid, but rather a ductile solid, like plasticine. As a result, rocks near the surface tend to fracture under stress creating geological faults; more deeply buried rocks tend to fold. Earthquakes are also a phenomenon of the upper, brittle, elastic part of the rock. When two pieces of the Earth's [[../Glossary and index#Crust|crust]] try to move past one another, their mutual friction impedes them and they bend very slightly. Earthquakes are caused when the potential energy of the bent rocks is sufficient to overcome the resisting friction and they snap back, releasing the stored energy in the form of kinetic energy. This is only possible if the behavior of the rocks is elastic rather than plastic. Consequently we do not expect (and do not find) deep earthquakes except when they are associated with [[../Glossary and index#Subduction|subduction]] (as will be discussed in [[../Subduction|a subsequent article]]). ==How do we know?== The behavior of rocks at surface temperatures and pressures are easy to verify. To find out how they would behave at greater temperatures and pressures requires special equipment. In a simple experiment often repeated with different kinds of rocks, scientists can take a cylinder of rock and compress it with a piston with varying degrees of confining pressure. With little or no confining pressure, the rock will fracture, as you would expect. However, under greater degrees of confining pressure (such as would be experienced by a rock buried at a depth of one or two kilometers) the rock does not fracture, but rather it deforms like plasticine: or, to put it another way, it is ductile rather than brittle. [[File:First_diamond_anvil_cell.jpg|300px|right|thumb|The very first diamond anvil cell, now on display in the Gaithersberg Museum, Maryland.]]More recent experiments have reached greater levels of sophistication. By using lasers to heat rock samples, and a device known as a '''diamond anvil cell''' to exert pressure on them, it is possible to simulate temperatures and pressures such as are found deep within the Earth. Such methods do not tell us everything we would like to know. Reproducing conditions in the very core of the Earth would require some sort of breakthrough in materials technology. Another thing that is hard to simulate is the effect of ''time''. We know that materials are more likely to deform and less likely to shatter when stress is applied gradually: so what happens if you apply a gentle stress to a rock over a period of millions of years? Such questions can to some extent be answered with reference to established notions in physics; but clearly if all such questions could be answered with total accuracy with reference to purely theoretical considerations, then geologists wouldn't spend so much money on diamond anvil cells and lasers. That being said, what we do know is sufficient for us to understand plate tectonics; certainly it is quite enough for an introductory course such as this one. {{chapter navigation|Banded iron formations|Seismic waves}} {{BookCat}} sdktsitmeijlb9iqqo9s0yy1w5c6h51 Historical Geology/Structure of the Earth 0 290536 4679419 4663091 2026-11-01T08:07:33Z ~2026-58085-22 3630036 Changed "in" to "it" 4679419 wikitext text/x-wiki In this article we shall review some key facts on the structure of Earth, and discuss how they are known. We shall refer back to facts already discussed in the articles on [[../Igneous rocks|igneous rocks]], [[../Seismic waves|seismic waves]], and [[../Physical properties of rocks|physical properties of rocks]]; readers may wish to refresh their memories on these subjects before reading further. ==Structure of Earth== [[File:Cutaway Earth.jpg|right|frame|Cross-section of Earth.]]Earth can be divided by composition into the '''crust''', '''mantle''', and '''core''', as shown to scale in the diagram to the right. ===The crust=== The crust consist mainly of [[../Glossary and index#Igneous rock|igneous]] and [[../Glossary and index#Metamorphic rock|metamorphic rocks]] with a relatively thin layer of [[../Glossary and index#Sediment|sediment]] and [[../Glossary and index#Sedimentary rock|sedimentary rocks]] on top. Crust comes in two varieties: continental and oceanic. Continental crust consists mainly of [[../Glossary and index#Felsic rock|felsic rocks]] such as [[../Glossary and index#Granite|granite]], and is about 30-50 km thick, varying from place to place; oceanic crust consists mainly of somewhat more [[../Glossary and index#Mafic rock|mafic rocks]] such as [[../Glossary and index#Basalt|basalt]], and is about 5-10 km thick. The nature of these rocks suggests the reason why there is a crust as such. The reader may at this point find it useful to review [[../Igneous rocks|the main article on igneous rocks]]. To summarize the most important points, [[../Glossary and index#Felsic rock|felsic rocks]] (i.e. those that have a high [[../Glossary and index#Silica|silica]] content) also have a lower density and a lower melting point than more [[../Glossary and index#Mafic rock|mafic rocks]]. The [[../Glossary and index#Minerals|minerals]] known as [[../Glossary and index#Feldspar|feldspar]], for example, form 60% of Earth's crust; their melting points range from 600°C - 1000°C, depending on their exact chemical composition, and a density between 2.55 and 2.76. Compare this to the [[../Glossary and index#Ultramafic rock|ultramafic]] [[../Glossary and index#Olivine|olivine]] of the upper mantle, with a melting point ranging between 1200°C - 1900°C and a density of 3.27–3.37. This immediately suggests why Earth should have a crust as such: that is, a region chemically distinct from the mantle. The more [[../Glossary and index#Felsic rock|felsic]] [[../Glossary and index#Mineral|minerals]] in the mantle would melt, because they have a lower melting point than the major constituents of the mantle; they would rise, being less dense by virtue both of their composition and their molten state; once they had erupted on the surface and cooled, they would "float" on the mantle as a result of their lower density. So even if Earth started off in a relatively homogeneous state (as geologists think it did) this process, known as '''differentiation''', would ensure that Earth ended up with a crust of rocks composed of minerals more [[../Glossary and index#Felsic rock|felsic]] than those in the mantle. ===The mantle=== The mantle consists of a further 2890 kilometers of denser [[../Glossary and index#Ultramafic rock|ultramafic rocks]]. It is sometimes wrongly stated that the mantle consists of molten rock. We know that this cannot be true because [[../Glossary and index#S-waves|S-waves]] pass through the mantle, which would not be possible if it was a fluid (see [[../Seismic waves|the main article on seismic waves]] for more details). One reason for the popular belief in a liquid mantle is that, after all, [[../Glossary and index#Lava|lava]], a liquid, erupts from out of the mantle. However, this lava is produced by ''partial'' melting of the solid mantle. This, incidentally, is why it has a different composition from the mantle, being more [[../Glossary and index#Felsic rock|felsic]]. Although the mantle is not liquid, it does flow: technically, it is a [[../Glossary and index#Ductile|ductile]] solid, as explained in [[../Physical properties of rocks|the article on physical properties of rocks]]. ===The core=== The core is the innermost part of Earth, having a radius of 3,400 km. It can be divided into the outer core, which is molten, and the inner core, with a radius of 1,220 km, which is solid. (This arrangement may seem strange at first, but recall that the inner core is at greater pressure and so will have a higher melting point.) The core is made mainly of iron. As with the existence of the crust, this can be explained on the hypothesis of differentiation: just as the light substances rose to the top, so the denser substances would sink to the bottom. ===The lithosphere and asthenosphere=== The division into crust, mantle, and core partitions Earth according to the composition of the rocks. Sometime, however, it is more useful to group the crust and the uppermost layer of the mantle together as the '''lithosphere'''. What these have in common is that they are [[../Glossary and index#Brittle|brittle]] and [[../Glossary and index#Elastic|elastic]], as opposed to the [[../Glossary and index#Plastic|plastic]] and [[../Glossary and index#Ductile|ductile]] rocks in the rest of the mantle. The lithosphere ranges in thickness from 40-200 km, varying from place to place; it is thicker under continental crust. The concept of the lithosphere is especially important in the context of plate tectonics, as the plates in plate tectonics are not (as is sometimes stated) plates of Earth's crust: they are plates of the lithosphere. The portion of the mantle immediately below the lithosphere is called the '''athenosphere'''. This is the weakest part of the mantle, because although it is at a lower temperature than the deeper rocks, it is also at a lower pressure. ==How do we know?== We shall now, as usual in these articles, sketch out how the knowledge described in the preceding sections was obtained. Let us first of all consider the facts that constrain any attempts to make a model of the physical properties of Earth's interior. ===v<sub>P</sub> and v<sub>S</sub>=== [[File:Premvelocities.jpg|right|frame|Velocities of P- and S-waves in Earth's interior.]]As was explained in [[../Seismic waves|the article on seismic waves]], it is possible by studying earthquakes to discover the velocities of [[../Glossary and index#P-waves|P-]] and [[../Glossary and index#S-waves|S-waves]] at various points within Earth. The results are summarized in the chart to the right. ===Spherical symmetry=== As explained in [[../Seismic waves|the previous article]], we call a property spherically symmetric if it varies only with the distance from the center of Earth and not with latitude and longitude. Probably no geological property (except distance from the center itself) is exactly spherically symmetric; but many of them can be demonstrated to be very nearly so: in what follows we shall use "spherically symmetric" to mean "spherically symmetric to a good degree of approximation". As discussed in our article on seismic waves, the velocities of [[../Glossary and index#P-waves|P-]] and [[../Glossary and index#S-waves|S-waves]] (v<sub>P</sub> and v<sub>S</sub>) are spherically symmetric properties. It would be very remarkable if this was the case, and yet the properties of Earth on which these velocities depend was not. In the case of density, there is good evidence that it is spherically symmetric: for if it was then the force of gravity at the surface of Earth would be (to a good degree of approximation) the same at any point on the surface; which it is. So the evidence is that density (which we shall denote by the Greek letter &#961;) must be spherically symmetric. It immediately follows that the same must be true for pressure, since this can be calculated from density. Now consider the fact that for any point in Earth the velocity of [[../Glossary and index#S-waves|S-waves]] (v<sub>S</sub>) is given by the formula v<sub>S</sub> = &#8730;&#956;/&#961;, where &#956; is the rigidity and &#961; is the density. So given that v<sub>S</sub> and &#961; are both spherically symmetric, it follows that &#956; must be also. Furthermore, the velocity of [[../Glossary and index#P-waves|P-waves]] (v<sub>P</sub>) is gven by v<sub>P</sub> = &#8730;(&#954; + 4&#956;/3)/&#961;. So given that v<sub>P</sub>, &#956;, and &#961; are spherically symmetric, it follows that so is &#954;. By reasoning of this sort, exploiting the inter-relatedness of the properties that interest us, we can show that they are all spherically symmetric. So to construct a first approximate model of Earth, we only need to associate each ''depth'' within Earth with a value for gravity, density, incompressibility, and so forth. ===Boundary conditions=== [[File:Gravity_anomalies_on_Earth.jpg|thumb|gravity]] We know the strength of gravity at the surface of Earth, because we can measure it directly; we also know the gravity at the center of Earth, since in any spherically symmetric body this must be precisely 0. We know the temperature at the surface and the rate of heat flow. We know the pressure at the surface: 1 atmospheric pressure. We know the mass of Earth, which can be easily deduced from experiments measuring Newton's constant G. Since we know this and the volume of Earth, we also know its average density. These all serve as constraints on any Earth model. For example, if we think we know a function relating density to depth, we can easily calculate what the surface gravity of Earth should be if this function was correct. ===Interrelatedness of properties=== We have already used the formulas relating the properties to deduce the spherical symmetry of some properties from the spherical symmetry of other properties. But the relationships between them allow us to be much more precise than that. For example, if we know that v<sub>S</sub> = &#8730;&#956;/&#961;, then knowing the relationship between depth and v<sub>S</sub>, and the relationship between depth and &#961;, we automatically know the relationship between depth and &#956;. And knowing this, and knowing the relationship between depth and v<sub>P</sub>, we can exploit the formula v<sub>P</sub> = &#8730;(&#954; + 4&#956;/3)/&#961; to tell us the relationship between depth and &#954; — and so forth. This means that it is not necessary or even possible for us to form separate hypotheses as to the values of the various physical properties that interest us. The values that we do know (v<sub>P</sub> and v<sub>S</sub>) place constraints on the values that we would like to know. ===Results=== To summarize: any model of the values of physical variables within Earth must be constrained by: * The known values of v<sub>P</sub> and v<sub>S</sub> * Boundary conditions * Spherical symmetry * Self-consistency [[File:Premstats.jpg|right|frame|Graphs showing the relationship of rigidity, incompressibility, pressure, density, and gravity to depth. Figures are taken from the Preliminary Reference Earth Model.]]These constraints are sufficient for geologists to work out figures for pressure, density, gravity, incompressibility, and so forth. Some results are shown in the graphs to the right. Here &#956; represents rigidity; &#954; incompressibility; P pressure; &#961; density; and g the force of gravity. ===Mineral composition=== Hypotheses about the [[../Glossary and index#Mineral|mineral]] composition of Earth must of course be constrained by our model of its physical properties: the minerals must have the right density, rigidity, etc to account for these properties. To date, it has been possible to drill a little over 12 km into the crust and take samples and make temperature measurements. The results are that continental crust, beneath any layers of sediment that have been deposited, is indeed composed of [[../Glossary and index#Felsic rock|felsic]] [[../Glossary and index#Granite|granites]], [[../Glossary and index#Gneiss|gneisses]] and so forth; and the oceanic crust of more [[../Glossary and index#Mafic rock|mafic rocks]] such as [[../Glossary and index#Basalt|basalt]] and [[../Glossary and index#Gabbro|gabbro]]. We can also study sections of ocean crust that have been thrust up onto the land — '''ophiolites'''. These will be the subject of [[../Ophiolites|a subsequent article]]. There are a number of clues to the composition of the mantle. * Volcanic eruptions sometimes bear up to the surface fragments of [[../Glossary and index#Peridotite|peridotite]]; their broken jagged shapes indicate that they must have been torn from the parent rock by the force of the eruption. Unfortunately, such eruptions originate from a maximum depth of about 180 km, so they only give us a sampling of the upper mantle. * Except at subduction zones (where volcanoes recycle the material of the crust) volcanoes and rifts generally emit [[../Glossary and index#Basalt|basaltic]] lava; it can be experimentally shown that this is just what would be produced by partial melting of [[../Glossary and index#Peridotite|peridotite]]. * The base of ophiolites is '''serpentinite''', a rock produced from [[../Glossary and index#Peridotite|peridotite]] in the presence of heat and water; that is, under the conditions present in the upper mantle. * [[../Glossary and index#Peridotite|Peridotite]] has the right density to account for the values of &#961; inferred from the seismological data. * [[../Glossary and index#Mineral|Minerals]] change their [[../Glossary and index#Phase|phase]] with pressure: the same elements in the same proportion adopt a more compact configuration. For example, at the pressures found at a depth of about 400 km, the mineral [[../Glossary and index#Olivine|olivine]] (the main mineral constituent of [[../Glossary and index#Peridotite|peridotite]]) changes to wadsleyite. The seismological data indicate just the change of density at this depth that we would expect if such a change of phase took place. The other discontinuities in the density of the upper mantle are explicable in a similar manner. * We do not see any discontinuities that would definitely indicate the substitution below some depth in the mantle of some different material altogether. Although a cautious geologist would not claim absolute certainty as to the composition of the lower mantle, there is general agreement that the mantle is made of more or less the same stuff from the top of the mantle down to the top of the core. Finally, the core. The differentiation of the core into an outer liquid core and an inner solid core is based on the study of [[../Glossary and index#S-wave|S-]] and [[../Glossary and index#P-wave|P-waves]]. [[../Glossary and index#S-wave|S-waves]] don't travel through the outer core, proving that it is liquid; [[../Glossary and index#P-wave|P-waves]] travel faster through the inner core, showing an abrupt transition that corresponds well to a change of phase from liquid to solid. Given the density of the core, it must be composed mainly of iron. To be sure, it could in principle be composed of a mixture of something much heavier than iron, such as gold, mixed with something much lighter. However, iron is the only element in Earth, in the Solar system, or in the Universe generally that is both dense enough and common enough to account for the mass. The iron probably contains an admixture of about 8% nickel, since these elements are usually found in association in these proportions. However, this iron-nickel mix would actually be somewhat too heavy to account properly for the mass of Earth; it would follow that there must also be a proportion of lighter elements. The abundant light elements silicon and oxygen are favorite candidates for this role. {{chapter navigation|Seismic waves|Geomagnetic reversals}} {{BookCat}} 6mutyw2poaq7e1d0jfydx1xxw9xszq0 On 2D Inverse Problems/Graphs and manifolds 0 304576 4679295 2702661 2026-10-31T16:27:14Z Xqbot 3136628 Fixing double redirect from [[On 2D Inverse Problems/Graphs and surfaces]] to [[On 2D Inverse Problems/Basic definitions and background#Graphs and surfaces]] 4679295 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[On 2D Inverse Problems/Basic definitions and background#Graphs and surfaces]] hkqbwy7oqk2qwoaxr9dwd6v77bnlqfw User:DVD206/Electrical networks 2 304577 4679299 3321163 2026-10-31T16:27:34Z Xqbot 3136628 Fixing double redirect from [[On 2D Inverse Problems/Electrical networks]] to [[On 2D Inverse Problems/Basic definitions and background#Electrical networks]] 4679299 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[On 2D Inverse Problems/Basic definitions and background#Electrical networks]] b945hgmudxiok8y40rpn9tkuk0uxcvf User:On 2D Inverse Problems/Electrical networks 2 304578 4679318 2702672 2026-10-31T16:29:09Z Xqbot 3136628 Fixing double redirect from [[On 2D Inverse Problems/Electrical networks]] to [[On 2D Inverse Problems/Basic definitions and background#Electrical networks]] 4679318 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[On 2D Inverse Problems/Basic definitions and background#Electrical networks]] b945hgmudxiok8y40rpn9tkuk0uxcvf User:DVD206/The inverse problems 2 304579 4679306 3321244 2026-10-31T16:28:09Z Xqbot 3136628 Fixing double redirect from [[On 2D Inverse Problems/The inverse problems]] to [[On 2D Inverse Problems/Basic definitions and background#The inverse problems]] 4679306 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[On 2D Inverse Problems/Basic definitions and background#The inverse problems]] m5jaso3ms3y10h32je7xxgc0yd4gg4b The inverse problems 0 304580 4679297 2702687 2026-10-31T16:27:24Z Xqbot 3136628 Fixing double redirect from [[On 2D Inverse Problems/The inverse problems]] to [[On 2D Inverse Problems/Basic definitions and background#The inverse problems]] 4679297 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[On 2D Inverse Problems/Basic definitions and background#The inverse problems]] m5jaso3ms3y10h32je7xxgc0yd4gg4b User:DVD206/Printed Version/Two new spectral theorems 2 304581 4679303 3321222 2026-10-31T16:27:54Z Xqbot 3136628 Fixing double redirect from [[On 2D Inverse Problems/Two new spectral theorems]] to [[On 2D Inverse Problems/Embedded#Two new spectral theorems]] 4679303 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[On 2D Inverse Problems/Embedded#Two new spectral theorems]] bqnc19ag13veb33a3sdy3t9e0m8zlxe User:DVD206/Schrodinger equation 2 304582 4679304 3321224 2026-10-31T16:27:59Z Xqbot 3136628 Fixing double redirect from [[On 2D Inverse Problems/Schrodinger equation]] to [[On 2D Inverse Problems/Two models#Schrodinger equation]] 4679304 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[On 2D Inverse Problems/Two models#Schrodinger equation]] qyau9x6091ell2flb42ky1y0rr4qqf8 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COMPONENT-691|&#x18ab2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGUT COMPONENT-692|&#x18ab3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGUT COMPONENT-693|&#x18ab4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGUT COMPONENT-694|&#x18ab5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGUT COMPONENT-695|&#x18ab6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGUT COMPONENT-696|&#x18ab7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGUT COMPONENT-697|&#x18ab8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGUT COMPONENT-698|&#x18ab9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGUT COMPONENT-699|&#x18aba;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGUT COMPONENT-700|&#x18abb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGUT COMPONENT-701|&#x18abc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGUT COMPONENT-702|&#x18abd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGUT COMPONENT-703|&#x18abe;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGUT COMPONENT-704|&#x18abf;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#9c8dff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|18ACx |{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGUT COMPONENT-705|&#x18ac0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGUT COMPONENT-706|&#x18ac1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGUT COMPONENT-707|&#x18ac2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGUT COMPONENT-708|&#x18ac3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGUT COMPONENT-709|&#x18ac4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGUT COMPONENT-710|&#x18ac5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGUT COMPONENT-711|&#x18ac6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGUT COMPONENT-712|&#x18ac7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGUT COMPONENT-713|&#x18ac8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGUT COMPONENT-714|&#x18ac9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGUT COMPONENT-715|&#x18aca;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGUT COMPONENT-716|&#x18acb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGUT COMPONENT-717|&#x18acc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGUT COMPONENT-718|&#x18acd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGUT COMPONENT-719|&#x18ace;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGUT COMPONENT-720|&#x18acf;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#9c8dff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|18ADx |{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGUT COMPONENT-721|&#x18ad0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGUT COMPONENT-722|&#x18ad1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGUT COMPONENT-723|&#x18ad2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGUT COMPONENT-724|&#x18ad3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGUT COMPONENT-725|&#x18ad4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGUT COMPONENT-726|&#x18ad5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGUT COMPONENT-727|&#x18ad6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGUT COMPONENT-728|&#x18ad7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGUT COMPONENT-729|&#x18ad8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGUT COMPONENT-730|&#x18ad9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGUT COMPONENT-731|&#x18ada;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGUT COMPONENT-732|&#x18adb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGUT COMPONENT-733|&#x18adc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGUT COMPONENT-734|&#x18add;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGUT COMPONENT-735|&#x18ade;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGUT COMPONENT-736|&#x18adf;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#9c8dff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|18AEx |{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGUT COMPONENT-737|&#x18ae0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGUT COMPONENT-738|&#x18ae1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGUT COMPONENT-739|&#x18ae2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGUT COMPONENT-740|&#x18ae3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGUT COMPONENT-741|&#x18ae4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGUT COMPONENT-742|&#x18ae5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGUT COMPONENT-743|&#x18ae6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGUT COMPONENT-744|&#x18ae7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGUT COMPONENT-745|&#x18ae8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGUT COMPONENT-746|&#x18ae9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGUT COMPONENT-747|&#x18aea;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGUT COMPONENT-748|&#x18aeb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGUT COMPONENT-749|&#x18aec;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGUT COMPONENT-750|&#x18aed;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGUT COMPONENT-751|&#x18aee;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGUT COMPONENT-752|&#x18aef;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#ffb0ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|18AFx |style="background:#9c8dff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGUT COMPONENT-753|&#x18af0;}}||style="background:#9c8dff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGUT COMPONENT-754|&#x18af1;}}||style="background:#9c8dff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGUT COMPONENT-755|&#x18af2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGUT COMPONENT-756|&#x18af3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGUT COMPONENT-757|&#x18af4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGUT COMPONENT-758|&#x18af5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGUT COMPONENT-759|&#x18af6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGUT COMPONENT-760|&#x18af7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGUT COMPONENT-761|&#x18af8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGUT COMPONENT-762|&#x18af9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGUT COMPONENT-763|&#x18afa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGUT COMPONENT-764|&#x18afb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGUT COMPONENT-765|&#x18afc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGUT COMPONENT-766|&#x18afd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGUT COMPONENT-767|&#x18afe;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGUT COMPONENT-768|&#x18aff;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Khitan Small Script''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#ffb0ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|18B0x |{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18B00|&#x18b00;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18B01|&#x18b01;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18B02|&#x18b02;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18B03|&#x18b03;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18B04|&#x18b04;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18B05|&#x18b05;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18B06|&#x18b06;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18B07|&#x18b07;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18B08|&#x18b08;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18B09|&#x18b09;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18B0A|&#x18b0a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18B0B|&#x18b0b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18B0C|&#x18b0c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18B0D|&#x18b0d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18B0E|&#x18b0e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18B0F|&#x18b0f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#ffb0ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|18B1x |{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18B10|&#x18b10;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18B11|&#x18b11;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18B12|&#x18b12;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18B13|&#x18b13;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18B14|&#x18b14;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18B15|&#x18b15;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18B16|&#x18b16;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18B17|&#x18b17;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18B18|&#x18b18;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18B19|&#x18b19;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18B1A|&#x18b1a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18B1B|&#x18b1b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18B1C|&#x18b1c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18B1D|&#x18b1d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18B1E|&#x18b1e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18B1F|&#x18b1f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#ffb0ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|18B2x |{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18B20|&#x18b20;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18B21|&#x18b21;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18B22|&#x18b22;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18B23|&#x18b23;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18B24|&#x18b24;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18B25|&#x18b25;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18B26|&#x18b26;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18B27|&#x18b27;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18B28|&#x18b28;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18B29|&#x18b29;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18B2A|&#x18b2a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18B2B|&#x18b2b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18B2C|&#x18b2c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18B2D|&#x18b2d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18B2E|&#x18b2e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18B2F|&#x18b2f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#ffb0ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|18B3x |{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18B30|&#x18b30;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18B31|&#x18b31;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18B32|&#x18b32;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18B33|&#x18b33;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18B34|&#x18b34;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18B35|&#x18b35;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18B36|&#x18b36;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18B37|&#x18b37;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18B38|&#x18b38;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18B39|&#x18b39;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18B3A|&#x18b3a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18B3B|&#x18b3b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18B3C|&#x18b3c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18B3D|&#x18b3d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18B3E|&#x18b3e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18B3F|&#x18b3f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#ffb0ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|18B4x |{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18B40|&#x18b40;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18B41|&#x18b41;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18B42|&#x18b42;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18B43|&#x18b43;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18B44|&#x18b44;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18B45|&#x18b45;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18B46|&#x18b46;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18B47|&#x18b47;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18B48|&#x18b48;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18B49|&#x18b49;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18B4A|&#x18b4a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18B4B|&#x18b4b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18B4C|&#x18b4c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18B4D|&#x18b4d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18B4E|&#x18b4e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18B4F|&#x18b4f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#ffb0ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|18B5x |{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18B50|&#x18b50;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18B51|&#x18b51;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18B52|&#x18b52;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18B53|&#x18b53;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18B54|&#x18b54;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18B55|&#x18b55;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18B56|&#x18b56;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18B57|&#x18b57;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18B58|&#x18b58;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18B59|&#x18b59;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18B5A|&#x18b5a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18B5B|&#x18b5b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18B5C|&#x18b5c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18B5D|&#x18b5d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18B5E|&#x18b5e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18B5F|&#x18b5f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#ffb0ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|18B6x |{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18B60|&#x18b60;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18B61|&#x18b61;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18B62|&#x18b62;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18B63|&#x18b63;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18B64|&#x18b64;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18B65|&#x18b65;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18B66|&#x18b66;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18B67|&#x18b67;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18B68|&#x18b68;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18B69|&#x18b69;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18B6A|&#x18b6a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18B6B|&#x18b6b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18B6C|&#x18b6c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18B6D|&#x18b6d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18B6E|&#x18b6e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18B6F|&#x18b6f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#ffb0ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|18B7x |{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18B70|&#x18b70;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18B71|&#x18b71;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18B72|&#x18b72;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18B73|&#x18b73;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18B74|&#x18b74;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18B75|&#x18b75;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18B76|&#x18b76;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18B77|&#x18b77;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18B78|&#x18b78;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18B79|&#x18b79;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18B7A|&#x18b7a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18B7B|&#x18b7b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18B7C|&#x18b7c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18B7D|&#x18b7d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18B7E|&#x18b7e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18B7F|&#x18b7f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#ffb0ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|18B8x |{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18B80|&#x18b80;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18B81|&#x18b81;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18B82|&#x18b82;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18B83|&#x18b83;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18B84|&#x18b84;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18B85|&#x18b85;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18B86|&#x18b86;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18B87|&#x18b87;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18B88|&#x18b88;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18B89|&#x18b89;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18B8A|&#x18b8a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18B8B|&#x18b8b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18B8C|&#x18b8c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18B8D|&#x18b8d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18B8E|&#x18b8e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18B8F|&#x18b8f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#ffb0ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|18B9x |{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18B90|&#x18b90;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18B91|&#x18b91;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18B92|&#x18b92;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18B93|&#x18b93;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18B94|&#x18b94;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18B95|&#x18b95;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18B96|&#x18b96;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18B97|&#x18b97;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18B98|&#x18b98;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18B99|&#x18b99;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18B9A|&#x18b9a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18B9B|&#x18b9b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18B9C|&#x18b9c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18B9D|&#x18b9d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18B9E|&#x18b9e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18B9F|&#x18b9f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#ffb0ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|18BAx |{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18BA0|&#x18ba0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18BA1|&#x18ba1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18BA2|&#x18ba2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18BA3|&#x18ba3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18BA4|&#x18ba4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18BA5|&#x18ba5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18BA6|&#x18ba6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18BA7|&#x18ba7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18BA8|&#x18ba8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18BA9|&#x18ba9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18BAA|&#x18baa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18BAB|&#x18bab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18BAC|&#x18bac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18BAD|&#x18bad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18BAE|&#x18bae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18BAF|&#x18baf;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#ffb0ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|18BBx |{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18BB0|&#x18bb0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18BB1|&#x18bb1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18BB2|&#x18bb2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18BB3|&#x18bb3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18BB4|&#x18bb4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18BB5|&#x18bb5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18BB6|&#x18bb6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18BB7|&#x18bb7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18BB8|&#x18bb8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18BB9|&#x18bb9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18BBA|&#x18bba;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18BBB|&#x18bbb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18BBC|&#x18bbc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18BBD|&#x18bbd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18BBE|&#x18bbe;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18BBF|&#x18bbf;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#ffb0ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|18BCx |{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18BC0|&#x18bc0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18BC1|&#x18bc1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18BC2|&#x18bc2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18BC3|&#x18bc3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18BC4|&#x18bc4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18BC5|&#x18bc5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18BC6|&#x18bc6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18BC7|&#x18bc7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18BC8|&#x18bc8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18BC9|&#x18bc9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18BCA|&#x18bca;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18BCB|&#x18bcb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18BCC|&#x18bcc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18BCD|&#x18bcd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18BCE|&#x18bce;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18BCF|&#x18bcf;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#ffb0ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|18BDx |{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18BD0|&#x18bd0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18BD1|&#x18bd1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18BD2|&#x18bd2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18BD3|&#x18bd3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18BD4|&#x18bd4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18BD5|&#x18bd5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18BD6|&#x18bd6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18BD7|&#x18bd7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18BD8|&#x18bd8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18BD9|&#x18bd9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18BDA|&#x18bda;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18BDB|&#x18bdb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18BDC|&#x18bdc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18BDD|&#x18bdd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18BDE|&#x18bde;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18BDF|&#x18bdf;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#ffb0ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|18BEx |{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18BE0|&#x18be0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18BE1|&#x18be1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18BE2|&#x18be2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18BE3|&#x18be3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18BE4|&#x18be4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18BE5|&#x18be5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18BE6|&#x18be6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18BE7|&#x18be7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18BE8|&#x18be8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18BE9|&#x18be9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18BEA|&#x18bea;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18BEB|&#x18beb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18BEC|&#x18bec;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18BED|&#x18bed;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18BEE|&#x18bee;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18BEF|&#x18bef;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#ffb0ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|18BFx |{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18BF0|&#x18bf0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18BF1|&#x18bf1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18BF2|&#x18bf2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18BF3|&#x18bf3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18BF4|&#x18bf4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18BF5|&#x18bf5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18BF6|&#x18bf6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18BF7|&#x18bf7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18BF8|&#x18bf8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18BF9|&#x18bf9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18BFA|&#x18bfa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18BFB|&#x18bfb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18BFC|&#x18bfc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18BFD|&#x18bfd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18BFE|&#x18bfe;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18BFF|&#x18bff;}} |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#ffb0ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|18C0x |{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18C00|&#x18c00;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18C01|&#x18c01;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18C02|&#x18c02;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18C03|&#x18c03;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18C04|&#x18c04;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18C05|&#x18c05;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18C06|&#x18c06;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18C07|&#x18c07;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18C08|&#x18c08;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18C09|&#x18c09;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18C0A|&#x18c0a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18C0B|&#x18c0b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18C0C|&#x18c0c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18C0D|&#x18c0d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18C0E|&#x18c0e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18C0F|&#x18c0f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#ffb0ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|18C1x |{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18C10|&#x18c10;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18C11|&#x18c11;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18C12|&#x18c12;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18C13|&#x18c13;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18C14|&#x18c14;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18C15|&#x18c15;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18C16|&#x18c16;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18C17|&#x18c17;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18C18|&#x18c18;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18C19|&#x18c19;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18C1A|&#x18c1a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18C1B|&#x18c1b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18C1C|&#x18c1c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18C1D|&#x18c1d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18C1E|&#x18c1e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18C1F|&#x18c1f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#ffb0ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|18C2x |{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18C20|&#x18c20;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18C21|&#x18c21;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18C22|&#x18c22;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18C23|&#x18c23;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18C24|&#x18c24;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18C25|&#x18c25;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18C26|&#x18c26;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18C27|&#x18c27;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18C28|&#x18c28;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18C29|&#x18c29;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18C2A|&#x18c2a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18C2B|&#x18c2b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18C2C|&#x18c2c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18C2D|&#x18c2d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18C2E|&#x18c2e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18C2F|&#x18c2f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#ffb0ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|18C3x |{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18C30|&#x18c30;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18C31|&#x18c31;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18C32|&#x18c32;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18C33|&#x18c33;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18C34|&#x18c34;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18C35|&#x18c35;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18C36|&#x18c36;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18C37|&#x18c37;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18C38|&#x18c38;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18C39|&#x18c39;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18C3A|&#x18c3a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18C3B|&#x18c3b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18C3C|&#x18c3c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18C3D|&#x18c3d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18C3E|&#x18c3e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18C3F|&#x18c3f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#ffb0ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|18C4x |{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18C40|&#x18c40;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18C41|&#x18c41;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18C42|&#x18c42;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18C43|&#x18c43;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18C44|&#x18c44;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18C45|&#x18c45;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18C46|&#x18c46;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18C47|&#x18c47;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18C48|&#x18c48;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18C49|&#x18c49;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18C4A|&#x18c4a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18C4B|&#x18c4b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18C4C|&#x18c4c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18C4D|&#x18c4d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18C4E|&#x18c4e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18C4F|&#x18c4f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#ffb0ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|18C5x |{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18C50|&#x18c50;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18C51|&#x18c51;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18C52|&#x18c52;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18C53|&#x18c53;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18C54|&#x18c54;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18C55|&#x18c55;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18C56|&#x18c56;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18C57|&#x18c57;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18C58|&#x18c58;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18C59|&#x18c59;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18C5A|&#x18c5a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18C5B|&#x18c5b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18C5C|&#x18c5c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18C5D|&#x18c5d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18C5E|&#x18c5e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18C5F|&#x18c5f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#ffb0ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|18C6x |{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18C60|&#x18c60;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18C61|&#x18c61;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18C62|&#x18c62;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18C63|&#x18c63;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18C64|&#x18c64;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18C65|&#x18c65;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18C66|&#x18c66;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18C67|&#x18c67;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18C68|&#x18c68;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18C69|&#x18c69;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18C6A|&#x18c6a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18C6B|&#x18c6b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18C6C|&#x18c6c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18C6D|&#x18c6d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18C6E|&#x18c6e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18C6F|&#x18c6f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#ffb0ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|18C7x |{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18C70|&#x18c70;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18C71|&#x18c71;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18C72|&#x18c72;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18C73|&#x18c73;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18C74|&#x18c74;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18C75|&#x18c75;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18C76|&#x18c76;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18C77|&#x18c77;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18C78|&#x18c78;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18C79|&#x18c79;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18C7A|&#x18c7a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18C7B|&#x18c7b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18C7C|&#x18c7c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18C7D|&#x18c7d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18C7E|&#x18c7e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18C7F|&#x18c7f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#ffb0ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|18C8x |{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18C80|&#x18c80;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18C81|&#x18c81;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18C82|&#x18c82;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18C83|&#x18c83;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18C84|&#x18c84;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18C85|&#x18c85;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18C86|&#x18c86;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18C87|&#x18c87;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18C88|&#x18c88;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18C89|&#x18c89;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18C8A|&#x18c8a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18C8B|&#x18c8b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18C8C|&#x18c8c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18C8D|&#x18c8d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18C8E|&#x18c8e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18C8F|&#x18c8f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#ffb0ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|18C9x |{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18C90|&#x18c90;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18C91|&#x18c91;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18C92|&#x18c92;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18C93|&#x18c93;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18C94|&#x18c94;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18C95|&#x18c95;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18C96|&#x18c96;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18C97|&#x18c97;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18C98|&#x18c98;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18C99|&#x18c99;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18C9A|&#x18c9a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18C9B|&#x18c9b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18C9C|&#x18c9c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18C9D|&#x18c9d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18C9E|&#x18c9e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18C9F|&#x18c9f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#ffb0ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|18CAx |{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18CA0|&#x18ca0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18CA1|&#x18ca1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18CA2|&#x18ca2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18CA3|&#x18ca3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18CA4|&#x18ca4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18CA5|&#x18ca5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18CA6|&#x18ca6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18CA7|&#x18ca7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18CA8|&#x18ca8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18CA9|&#x18ca9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18CAA|&#x18caa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18CAB|&#x18cab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18CAC|&#x18cac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18CAD|&#x18cad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18CAE|&#x18cae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18CAF|&#x18caf;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#ffb0ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|18CBx |{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18CB0|&#x18cb0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18CB1|&#x18cb1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18CB2|&#x18cb2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18CB3|&#x18cb3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18CB4|&#x18cb4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18CB5|&#x18cb5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18CB6|&#x18cb6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18CB7|&#x18cb7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18CB8|&#x18cb8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18CB9|&#x18cb9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18CBA|&#x18cba;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18CBB|&#x18cbb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18CBC|&#x18cbc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18CBD|&#x18cbd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18CBE|&#x18cbe;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18CBF|&#x18cbf;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#ffb0ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|18CCx |{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18CC0|&#x18cc0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18CC1|&#x18cc1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18CC2|&#x18cc2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18CC3|&#x18cc3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18CC4|&#x18cc4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18CC5|&#x18cc5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18CC6|&#x18cc6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18CC7|&#x18cc7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18CC8|&#x18cc8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18CC9|&#x18cc9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18CCA|&#x18cca;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18CCB|&#x18ccb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18CCC|&#x18ccc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18CCD|&#x18ccd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18CCE|&#x18cce;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18CCF|&#x18ccf;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|18CDx |style="background:#ffb0ff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18CD0|&#x18cd0;}}||style="background:#ffb0ff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18CD1|&#x18cd1;}}||style="background:#ffb0ff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18CD2|&#x18cd2;}}||style="background:#ffb0ff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18CD3|&#x18cd3;}}||style="background:#ffb0ff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18CD4|&#x18cd4;}}||style="background:#ffb0ff;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18CD5|&#x18cd5;}}||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18CD6|&#x18cd6;}}||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18CD7|&#x18cd7;}}||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18CD8|&#x18cd8;}}||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18CD9|&#x18cd9;}}||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18CDA|&#x18cda;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|18CEx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|18CFx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||style="background:#edc3b4;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-18CFF|&#x18cff;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Tangut Supplement''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#ffb0ff;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|18D0x |{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGUT IDEOGRAPH-18D00|&#x18d00;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGUT IDEOGRAPH-18D01|&#x18d01;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGUT IDEOGRAPH-18D02|&#x18d02;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGUT IDEOGRAPH-18D03|&#x18d03;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGUT IDEOGRAPH-18D04|&#x18d04;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGUT IDEOGRAPH-18D05|&#x18d05;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGUT IDEOGRAPH-18D06|&#x18d06;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGUT IDEOGRAPH-18D07|&#x18d07;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGUT IDEOGRAPH-18D08|&#x18d08;}}||style="background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGUT IDEOGRAPH-18D09|&#x18d09;}}||style="background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGUT IDEOGRAPH-18D0A|&#x18d0a;}}||style="background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGUT IDEOGRAPH-18D0B|&#x18d0b;}}||style="background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGUT IDEOGRAPH-18D0C|&#x18d0c;}}||style="background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGUT IDEOGRAPH-18D0D|&#x18d0d;}}||style="background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGUT IDEOGRAPH-18D0E|&#x18d0e;}}||style="background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGUT IDEOGRAPH-18D0F|&#x18d0f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};" ! style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};" |18D1x |{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGUT IDEOGRAPH-18D10|&#x18d10;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGUT IDEOGRAPH-18D11|&#x18d11;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGUT IDEOGRAPH-18D12|&#x18d12;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGUT IDEOGRAPH-18D13|&#x18d13;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGUT IDEOGRAPH-18D14|&#x18d14;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGUT IDEOGRAPH-18D15|&#x18d15;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGUT IDEOGRAPH-18D16|&#x18d10;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGUT IDEOGRAPH-18D17|&#x18d17;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGUT IDEOGRAPH-18D18|&#x18d18;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGUT IDEOGRAPH-18D19|&#x18d19;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGUT IDEOGRAPH-18D1A|&#x18d1a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGUT IDEOGRAPH-18D1B|&#x18d1b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGUT IDEOGRAPH-18D1C|&#x18d1c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGUT IDEOGRAPH-18D1D|&#x18d1d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGUT IDEOGRAPH-18D1E|&#x18d1e;}}||style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGUT IDEOGRAPH-18D1F|&#x18d1f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" ! style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};" |18D2x |style="background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGUT IDEOGRAPH-18D20|&#x18d20;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" ! style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};" |18D3x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" ! style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};" |18D4x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" ! style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};" |18D5x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" ! style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};" |18D6x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" ! style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};" |18D7x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Tangut Components Supplement''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|18D8x |{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGUT COMPONENT-769|&#x18d80;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGUT COMPONENT-770|&#x18d81;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGUT COMPONENT-771|&#x18d82;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGUT COMPONENT-772|&#x18d83;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGUT COMPONENT-773|&#x18d84;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGUT COMPONENT-774|&#x18d85;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGUT COMPONENT-775|&#x18d86;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGUT COMPONENT-776|&#x18d87;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGUT COMPONENT-777|&#x18d88;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGUT COMPONENT-778|&#x18d89;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGUT COMPONENT-779|&#x18d8a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGUT COMPONENT-780|&#x18d8b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGUT COMPONENT-781|&#x18d8c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGUT COMPONENT-782|&#x18d8d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGUT COMPONENT-783|&#x18d8e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGUT COMPONENT-784|&#x18d8f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};" 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previous = The Oberon System, V1 and V2 | next = Linz Oberon, V4 }} <br> ==Links== [[Oberon/ETH_Oberon/sitemap|ETH Oberon Sitemap]], including FAQ<br /> [[Oberon/ETH_Oberon/Tutorial|ETH Oberon Tutorial]], Fischer and Marais<br /> [[Oberon/ETH_Oberon/Ramos|Oberon Channel in Youtube]], Andres Ramos<br /> [[Oberon/ETH_Oberon/white|ETH Oberon White Paper]]<br /> [http://ftp.gwdg.de/pub/languages/oberon/ftp.inf.ethz.ch/ETHOberon/Contrib/ Contributions, formerly served from ETHZ] ==Installing== [[File:Oberon0UnderQEMU.png|thumb|320px|The Oberon0 installer for ETH Oberon running on [[w:QEMU|QEMU]] in [[w:Debian|Debian]] [[w:Linux|Linux]].]] Originally, Oberon was [[Oberon/ETH Oberon/install|installed]] on a bare [[w:32-bit_computing|32 bit]] [[w:I386|i386]] or [[w:I486|i486]] machine using an Oberon0 [[Oberon/ETH Oberon/diskette|diskette]]. The procedure may still interest an enthusiast. In a contemporary system the Oberon0 installer can run on a [[w:Virtual_machine|virtual machine]]. The virtual machine is installed once and can be used for any number of installations. With this method, no time is spent recording and booting from a diskette and the unreliability of diskettes and drives is avoided. The installer runs faster on the virtual machine than it does from a diskette. The method has proven successful in installing ETH Oberon to a variety of laptop and desktop machines including a Micron Trek 2, AGP laptop. Detailed instructions for [[Oberon/ETH Oberon/QEMUinstall|installing with the QEMU hypervisor]] are provided and the instructions can be adapted to other virtual machines. Andres Ramos describes a [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Do2O1yFrnos installation method] where a FAT filesystem on a diskette is used to transfer installation files to the target machine. System configuration notes in [[/QEMUinstall#System_Configuration|QEMU page]] are independent of method of installation. In the original installation notes, configuration is discussed under the heading [[Oberon/ETH_Oberon/install#K|Customization of the installed Native Oberon system]]. In the running ETH Oberon, <code>Script.Open System.Text</code> allows access to section "4. Configuring the system". After installation and configuration on a storage medium, the system can run directly on a native [[w:X86|X86 PC]]. Alternatively, use can continue on the virtual machine. In the native case, a network connection will be over Ethernet or a serial crossover cable. In the virtual case, a network connection uses a [[w:TUN/TAP|TAP]] or [[w:Network_bridge|bridge]] interface connected to the host system. ==A Calendar and a Clock== [[File:OberonDocWithCaret.png|thumb|An Oberon document named Time with the hook caret allowing insertion.]] [[File:OberonTime.png|thumb|Time with the calendar and clock.]] Open an empty Time document with MM on Desktops.OpenDoc Time ~.<br> Set the hook caret by ML in the document.<br> Insert a calendar with MM on Gadgets.Insert Clocks.NewCalendar ~.<br> Insert a clock with MM on Gadgets.Insert Clocks.NewClock ~.<br> MM on [Store].<br> MM on [Close].<br> MM on Edit.Open Oberon.Text ~. Alternatively ET.Open Oberon.Text ~.<br> Above the line { System.OpenLog } insert these three lines. : { Configuration.Marker set 80% 94% } : { Desktops.OpenDoc Time ~ } : { Configuration.Marker set 80% 92% } MM on Edit.Store or ET.Store.<br> MM on System.Reboot. ==Telnet Console== [[w:Telnet|Telnet]] is an insecure protocol but provides a host console in Oberon and in an Oberon sub-system of A2. A host of an Oberon subsystem and a network facing router in a [[w:Local_area_network|LAN]] should have a [[w:Firewall_(computing)|firewall]] such as [[w:Shorewall|Shorewall]]. A telnet server daemon is required on at least one host. This in Debian Linux. sudo apt install openbsd-inetd inetutils-telnetd Configure with this line in /etc/inetd.conf. telnet stream tcp nowait <user> /usr/sbin/tcpd /usr/sbin/telnetd -E /bin/bash Refer to the telnetd manual. <user> must be replaced with the id of the Oberon user. Note the default to no authentication; equivalent to parameter "-a none". Restart the inet daemon. service openbsd-inetd restart Try telnet from within a console in the host. telnet localhost Then in Oberon. Desktops.OpenDoc telnet&#58;//localhost Example of a terminal initialization appended to ~/.bashrc. export PS1="\w " # Prefix each line with the current path. cd /mnt/A # Location in the file system. . ~/ShellFunctions # Declare utility shell functions. ==Email== [[File:Oberon.Mail.Panel.png|thumb|Mail.Panel in Oberon.]] [[w:Transport_Layer_Security|TLS]] is essential for secure transmission of email and is now routine practice. Oberon supports [[w:Pop3|POP and POP3]] for retrieving e-mail and [[w:Simple_Mail_Transfer_Protocol|SMTP]] for sending it. E-mail can be received from a [[w:smarthost|smarthost]] ''via'' a TLS tunnel and sent ''via'' [[w:Exim|Exim]] or a TLS tunnel.<ref>For ETH Oberon, a host on the LAN can provide Exim and Stunnel. For the Oberon subsystem in A2, Exim and Stunnel can run on localhost.</ref> In ETH Oberon, [[Oberon/ETH_Oberon/Oberon.Text|Oberon.Text]] make these settings. NetSystem = { SMTP = "<host on the LAN>" {* Outgoing local exim4 or TLS tunnel to smarthost. *} POP = "<host on the LAN>" {* TLS tunnel to smarthost for incoming mail. *} ... POPMode &#61; "POP3" &#123;* POP3 or APOP *&#125; EMail &#61; "me@my.domain.name" &#123;* your return address *&#125; ... &#125; [[w:List_of_TCP_and_UDP_port_numbers#Well-known_ports|Ports]] 25 for SMTP and 110 for POP are visible in [[../A2/Oberon.Mail.Mod|Oberon.Mail.Mod]]. In A2, [[Oberon/A2#Oberon.Text|Oberon.Text]], or Oberon.<host>.Text if using myaos, make these settings. NetSystem = { SMTP = "localhost" {* Outgoing local exim4 or TLS tunnel to smarthost. *} POP = "localhost" {* TLS tunnel to smarthost for incoming mail. *} ... POPMode &#61; "POP3" &#123;* POP3 or APOP *&#125; EMail &#61; "me@my.domain.name" &#123;* your return address *&#125; ... &#125; Ports are visible in [[../A2/Oberon.Mail.Mod|Oberon.Mail.Mod]]. Install stunnel and configure as in this example. The server name and port, exemplified by my.email.server<nowiki>:</nowiki>995, should be adjusted according to smarthost documentation. &#35;&#160;localhost<nowiki>:</nowiki>[https://www.stunnel.org/static/stunnel.html /etc/stunnel/stunnel.conf] &#35;&#160;Example SSL client mode services &#91;pop3&#93; client &#61; yes accept &#61; localhost<nowiki>:</nowiki>110 connect &#61; my.email.server<nowiki>:</nowiki>995 Hypothetically, systemd should start stunnel. In Debian 11 [https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=826883 a bug] interferes with automatic startup. This line in /etc/crontab may work. @reboot root /bin/stunnel If all else fails, start stunnel interactively with root authority and submit a bug report against the stunnel package. Set POP authentication using NetSystem.SetUser as in this example. NetSystem.SetUser pop<nowiki>:</nowiki>myEmailID<nowiki>:</nowiki>myEmailPassword@my.email.server &#126; The original SetUser command assumed the @ character did not occur in myEmailID or in myEmailPassword. This command, for example, would fail. NetSystem.SetUser pop<nowiki>:</nowiki>me@my.domain.name<nowiki>:</nowiki>r2d2$8Ch@my.email.server &#126; The difficulty is resolved by more thorough parsing in the SetUser command. Retrieve the revised [[Oberon/ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/NetSystem.Mod|NetSystem.Mod]] in ETH Oberon; [[Oberon/A2/Unix.Oberon.NetSystem.Mod|Unix.Oberon.NetSystem.Mod]] in A2. Compile the module. In ETH Oberon. Compiler.Compile NetSystem.Mod ~ In A2 apply the compile button in the editor (menu Files > Files > Unix.Oberon.NetSystem.Mod) or MM on this command. Compiler.Compile Unix.Oberon.NetSystem.Mod ~ Install Exim in the host according to system specific documentation for [https://wiki.debian.org/Exim Debian], [https://forums.fedoraforum.org/showthread.php?282299-Setting-up-an-exim-mail-server Fedora/CentOS] and etc.<ref>The primary [https://www.exim.org/docs.html Exim documentation] is also available.</ref> Exim authenticates to a smarthost according to a password file.<ref>In Debian, /etc/exim4/passwd.client associates a password with each (host, user) pair. Multiple host:user:password specifications are acceptable. The file does not determine the destination chosen by exim for sending a message. Refer to the [https://manpages.debian.org/jessie/exim4-config/exim4-config_files.5.en.html exim4-config_files manual].</ref> Details of configuration for a specific mail server can be obscure. For example, the server can fail to specify [[w:Opportunistic_TLS|STARTTLS]] or [https://www.exim.org/exim-html-current/doc/html/spec_html/ch-encrypted_smtp_connections_using_tlsssl.html TLS on connect]. Before attempting to configure Exim, ambiguities are best resolved using [https://www.jetmore.org/john/code/swaks/ Swaks]. Replace arguments of Swaks options -au, -ap, -f and -t with appropriate values for user, password and email address. Refer to the excellent [https://www.jetmore.org/john/code/swaks/latest/doc/ref.txt manual] for details. A userid pattern commonly used by [[w:Internet_service_provider|ISPs]] is me@my.authentication.domain. swaks -tls &#92; -ao -apt -au me@my.authentication.domain -ap r2d2\$8Ch &#92; -s my.smarthost.com --port 587 &#92; -f me@my.email.address -t me@my.email.address The example password has eight characters; \ is not included in the password but prevents misinterpretation of $8 by the host [[w:Shell (computing)|shell]].<ref name="escape"/> Swaks creates a trivial test message automatically. Arguments of options can be adjusted until transmission succeeds. Confirm transmission by receipt in Oberon as discussed above. ==News Reader== Notes pending. ==Text== These tables show the structure of records in memory representing a Text. When Texts.Store() records a Text in a [[w:Computer file|file]] for a [[w:Computer data storage|storage medium]], the information in the record structure is [[w:serialization|serialized]]. In the inverse process, Texts.Load() deserializes the information to the record structure of the Text in memory. {{:Oberon/ETH Oberon/TextType}} === Texts.FindPiece and the cache === For a given Text, T, and offset pos in [0, T.len), procedure Texts.FindPiece has the task of locating the piece containing pos. At each execution, FindPiece could begin at offset 0 and add lengths of pieces until the piece containing pos is located. A cache based upon T.pce and T.org allows better efficiency. When FindPiece completes a search, the pointer to the found piece is recorded in T.pce; the offset of the first character of that piece is recorded in T.org. The next execution of FindPiece begins at that cached location. With a result from FindPiece often being near the preceeding result, this strategy avoids repeated summation of lengths from the beginning of the first piece. === Text Dataflow in ETH Oberon === This [[w:Data-flow_diagram|dataflow]] example illustrates relationships between Oberon Text, [[w:HTML|HTML]] and [[w:ASCII|ASCII]] text. <div id="DataFlow"></div> <table cellpadding="2" style="text-align: center"> <tr> <td style="border-style: solid; background-color: #F0FFF0;{{Text default color}};">Oberon Text with<br>non-text features</td> <td>Oberon<br>Edit.StoreAscii<br>command<br><div style="font-size: x-large">&#x27F6;</div></td> <td style="border-style: solid; background-color: #F0FFF0;{{Text default color}};">Oberon Text with non<br>-text features omitted</td> <td>&#160;</td> <td>&#160;</td> <td>&#160;</td> <td style="border-style: solid; background-color: #F0FFF0;{{Text default color}};">Oberon Text with non<br>-text features omitted</td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center"> <table cellpadding="2"> <tr><td align="center">Oberon<br>MediaWiki.Markup<br>command</td><td style="font-size: x-large; ">&#x2193;</td></tr> </table> </td> <td>&#160;</td> <td > <table cellpadding="2"> <tr><td style="font-size: x-large">&#x2191;</td><td>Oberon<br>Desktops.OpenDoc<br>command</td></tr> </table> </td> <td>&#160;</td> <td>&#160;</td> <td>&#160;</td> <td align="center> <table cellpadding="2"> <tr align="center"><td style="font-size: x-large">&#x2191;</td><td>Oberon<br>mouse<br>copy</td></tr> </table> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-style: solid; background-color: #F0FFF0;{{Text default color}};; cellpadding: 2">MediaWiki markup with color<br>and syle but hyperlinks<br>and images omitted</td> <td>MediaWiki<br>processor<br><div style="font-size: x-large">&#x27F6;</div></td> <td style="border-style: solid; background-color: #F0FFF0;{{Text default color}};">HTML5 text with<br>text color and style</td> <td>Web<br>&#160;&#160;browser&#160;&#160;<br><div style="font-size: x-large">&#x27F6;</div></td> <td style="border-style: solid; background-color: #F0FFF0;{{Text default color}};">&#160;&#160;&#160;browser&#160;&#160;&#160;<br>&#160;&#160;text</td> <td>Clipboard or<br>Save operation<br><div style="font-size: x-large">&#x27F6;</div></td> <td style="border-style: solid; background-color: #F0FFF0;{{Text default color}};">ASCII<br>text file</td> </tr> </table> Text color and style, images and hyperlinks are lost by conversion of browser text to ASCII. Consequently the rightmost Oberon Text has the same appearance as plain ASCII text. Text color and style can assist with reading and understanding a source but compilation is not influenced by color and style. ==Potential Developments== * A fresh release with bug fixes and improvements, posted on a [https://sourceforge.net/projects/nativeoberon/files/nativeoberon/Oberon0%20boot%20disk/ public server]. * Improved support of [[w:Unicode|Unicode]]. * [[w:Huffman_encoding|Huffman coding]] in [[w:Jpg|JPEG]]. * Improved HTML support. Support for styling and tables, for example. * [[w:Portable_Network_Graphics|PNG]]. * [[w:Transport_Layer_Security|SSL]] based upon existing cryptography modules. * [[w:Touchscreen|Touchscreen]] support. ==Module Sources== The last release of ETH_Oberon at the ETHZ was 2.3.7. At bootup, release date 2003-01-05<ref name="iso8601">[[w:ISO_8601|ISO 8601 date format.]]</ref> is announced in the System.Log. [https://sourceforge.net/projects/nativeoberon/files/nativeoberon/ Sourceforge] has the file "{{color|green|Native Oberon 2.3.7 Alpha/NativeOberon_2.3.7.tar.gz}}" and bootable installer images in "{{color|green|Oberon0 boot disk/}}". Package structure is in [[Oberon/ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/Native.Tool|Native.Tool]]. Sources are also available at [https://github.com/schierlm/NativeOberon-2.3.6-Extracted https://github.com/schierlm/NativeOberon-2.3.6-Extracted] in the directory {{color|green|FullInstall_ASCII}}. Sources and Tools remain under the [[Oberon#ETH_Oberon_License|ETH Oberon License]]. === Module Sources in System Package === The System Package contains approximately 170 modules. Refer to [[Oberon/ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/Native.Tool|Native.Tool]]. {| class="wikitable" |+ ! Release 2.3.7 !! Wikibook variant<ref name="compare">Compare ETHZ and wikibook sources using Diff.Do in Oberon or the [[Oberon#Comparing_Versions_and_Pages|MediaWiki facility]] described on the front page.</ref> !! Notes |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/ATADisks.Mod|ATADisks.Mod]] | [[../ETH_Oberon/ATADisks.Mod|ATADisks.Mod]] | Support for Compact Flash added. |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/Compiler.Mod|Compiler.Mod]] | | |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/Dialer.Mod|Dialer.Mod]] | [[../ETH_Oberon/Dialer.Mod|Dialer.Mod]] | Dialer.Dial modified to support the ringback protocol as provided by [http://mgetty.greenie.net mgetty]. Refer to the [[../ETH_Oberon/Dialer|Dialer]] page. |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/DisplayLinear.Mod|DisplayLinear.Mod]] | | |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/Displays.Display.Mod|Displays.Display.Mod]] | | |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/Displays.Mod|Displays.Mod]] | | |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/Empty.Display.Mod|Empty.Display.Mod]] | | |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/FTP.Mod|FTP.Mod]] | [[../ETH_Oberon/FTP.Mod|FTP.Mod]] | |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/GD54xx.Display.Mod|GD54xx.Display.Mod]] | | |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/Input.Mod|Input.Mod]] | [[../ETH_Oberon/Input.Mod|Input.Mod]] | |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/NetSystem.Mod|NetSystem.Mod]] | | |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/OGLDisplay.Mod|OGLDisplay.Mod]] | | |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/Objects.Mod|Objects.Mod]] | | |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/PPPDebug.Mod|PPPDebug.Mod]] | | |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/PPPFSM.Mod|PPPFSM.Mod]] | [[../ETH_Oberon/PPPFSM.Mod|PPPFSM.Mod]] | |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/PPPHDLC.Mod|PPPHDLC.Mod]] | [[../ETH_Oberon/PPPHDLC.Mod|PPPHDLC.Mod]] | |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/PPPIPCP.Mod|PPPIPCP.Mod]] | [[../ETH_Oberon/PPPIPCP.Mod|PPPIPCP.Mod]] | |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/PPPLCP.Mod|PPPLCP.Mod]] | [[../ETH_Oberon/PPPLCP.Mod|PPPLCP.Mod]] | |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/PPPMain.Mod|PPPMain.Mod]] | [[../ETH_Oberon/PPPMain.Mod|PPPMain.Mod]] | |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/PPPPAP.Mod|PPPPAP.Mod]] | | |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/PPPTest.Mod|PPPTest.Mod]] | | |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/PPPTools.Mod|PPPTools.Mod]] | [[../ETH_Oberon/PPPTools.Mod|PPPTools.Mod]] | |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/PSPrinter.Mod|PSPrinter.Mod]] | | |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/S3C805.Display.Mod|S3C805.Display.Mod]] | | |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/S3C924.Display.Mod|S3C924.Display.Mod]] | | |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/S3Trio.Display.Mod|S3Trio.Display.Mod]] | | |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/SVGA.Display.Mod|SVGA.Display.Mod]] | | |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/Texts.Mod|Texts.Mod]] | | |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/VGA.Display.Mod|VGA.Display.Mod]] | | |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/W32.Display.Mod|W32.Display.Mod]] | | |} === Module Sources in Gadgets Package === {| class="wikitable" |+ ! Release 2.3.7 !! Wikibook variant<ref name="compare">Compare ETHZ and wikibook sources using Diff.Do in Oberon or the [[Oberon#Comparing_Versions_and_Pages|MediaWiki facility]] described on the front page.</ref> !! Notes |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/Display3.Mod|Display3.Mod]] | | |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/Displays.Colors.Mod|Displays.Colors.Mod]] | | |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/Mail.Mod|Mail.Mod]] | [[../ETH_Oberon/Mail.Mod|Mail.Mod]] | |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/FTPDocs.Mod|FTPDocs.Mod]] | | |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/HTMLDocs.Mod|HTMLDocs.Mod]] | | |} === Module Source in Apps1 Package === {| class="wikitable" |+ ! Release 2.3.7 !! Wikibook variant<ref name="compare">Compare ETHZ and wikibook sources using Diff.Do in Oberon or the [[Oberon#Comparing_Versions_and_Pages|MediaWiki facility]] described on the front page.</ref> !! Notes |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/GfxDisplay.Mod|GfxDisplay.Mod]] | | |} === Module Sources in Apps2 Package === {| class="wikitable" |+ ! Release 2.3.7 !! Wikibook variant<ref name="compare">Compare ETHZ and wikibook sources using Diff.Do in Oberon or the [[Oberon#Comparing_Versions_and_Pages|MediaWiki facility]] described on the front page.</ref> !! Notes |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/HTML.Mod|HTML.Mod]] | [[../ETH_Oberon/HTML.Mod|HTML.Mod]] | |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/Sort.Mod|Sort.Mod]] | | |} === Module Sources in Documentation Package === {| class="wikitable" |+ ! Release 2.3.7 !! Wikibook variant<ref name="compare">Compare ETHZ and wikibook sources using Diff.Do in Oberon or the [[Oberon#Comparing_Versions_and_Pages|MediaWiki facility]] described on the front page.</ref> !! Notes |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/Examples.Mod|Examples.Mod]] | | |} === Module Sources in Build Package === {| class="wikitable" |+ ! Release 2.3.7 !! Wikibook variant<ref name="compare">Compare ETHZ and wikibook sources using Diff.Do in Oberon or the [[Oberon#Comparing_Versions_and_Pages|MediaWiki facility]] described on the front page.</ref> !! Notes |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/DisplayMach64.Mod|DisplayMach64.Mod]] | | |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/DisplayTool.Mod|DisplayTool.Mod]] | | |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/DisplayVGA4.Mod|DisplayVGA4.Mod]] | | |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/S3TrioC.Display.Mod|S3TrioC.Display.Mod]] | | |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/SVGAH.Display.Mod|SVGAH.Display.Mod]] | | |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/SVGAL.Display.Mod|SVGAL.Display.Mod]] | | |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/Trace.Display.Mod|Trace.Display.Mod]] | | |} === Module Source in Lab Package === {| class="wikitable" |+ ! Release 2.3.7 !! Wikibook variant<ref name="compare">Compare ETHZ and wikibook sources using Diff.Do in Oberon or the [[Oberon#Comparing_Versions_and_Pages|MediaWiki facility]] described on the front page.</ref> !! Notes |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/DisplayBackdrop.Mod|DisplayBackdrop.Mod]] | | |} <!-- === Sources of SSH Modules === The SSH modules for ETH Oberon were written by [http://www.informatik.uni-bremen.de/~fld/ Guenter Feldmann]. {| class="wikitable" |+ ! Release 2.3.7 !! Wikibook variant<ref name="compare">Compare ETHZ and wikibook sources using Diff.Do in Oberon or the [[Oberon#Comparing_Versions_and_Pages|MediaWiki facility]] described on the front page.</ref> !! Notes |- | | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/SSHTransport.Mod|SSHTransport.Mod]] | |} --> === Source for Additional Module === {| class="wikitable" |+ ! Release 2.3.7 !! Wikibook variant<ref name="compare">Compare ETHZ and wikibook sources using Diff.Do in Oberon or the [[Oberon#Comparing_Versions_and_Pages|MediaWiki facility]] described on the front page.</ref> !! Notes |- | | [[../ETH_Oberon/MediaWiki.Mod|MediaWiki.Mod]] | Translation of Oberon Text to MediaWiki markup. |} {{BookCat}} ==Texts== {| class="wikitable" |+ ! Release 2.3.7 !! Wikibook variant<ref name="compare"/> !! Notes |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/Oberon.Text|Oberon.Text]] | [[../ETH_Oberon/Oberon.Text|Oberon.Text]] | Edit according to local requirements and preferences. |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/References.Text|References.Text]] | | |} ==Tools== {| class="wikitable" |+ ! Release 2.3.7 !! Wikibook variant<ref name="compare"/> !! Notes |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/Compiler.Tool|Compiler.Tool]] | &#160; | &#160; |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/FTP.Tool|FTP.Tool]] | &#160; | &#160; |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/Native.Tool|Native.Tool]] | &#160; | &#160; |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/PPP.Tool|PPP.Tool]] | &#160; | &#160; |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/Sort.Tool|Sort.Tool]] | &#160; | &#160; |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/Tutorials.Tool|Tutorials.Tool]] | &#160; | &#160; |} ==Footnotes== {{Reflist|refs= <ref name="escape">No [[w:Escape character|escape character]] is involved in Oberon.</ref> }} <br> {{Navigation | Book = Wikibooks:Oberon | previous = The Oberon System, V1 and V2 | next = Linz Oberon, V4 }} {{BookCat}} 62tk57zpbpr6ff6wp0mtzi1ubzv9xl1 4679288 4679283 2026-10-31T15:52:42Z PeterEasthope 660399 /* Telnet Console */ Revised diction. 4679288 wikitext text/x-wiki __TOC__ {{Navigation | Book = Wikibooks:Oberon | previous = The Oberon System, V1 and V2 | next = Linz Oberon, V4 }} <br> ==Links== [[Oberon/ETH_Oberon/sitemap|ETH Oberon Sitemap]], including FAQ<br /> [[Oberon/ETH_Oberon/Tutorial|ETH Oberon Tutorial]], Fischer and Marais<br /> [[Oberon/ETH_Oberon/Ramos|Oberon Channel in Youtube]], Andres Ramos<br /> [[Oberon/ETH_Oberon/white|ETH Oberon White Paper]]<br /> [http://ftp.gwdg.de/pub/languages/oberon/ftp.inf.ethz.ch/ETHOberon/Contrib/ Contributions, formerly served from ETHZ] ==Installing== [[File:Oberon0UnderQEMU.png|thumb|320px|The Oberon0 installer for ETH Oberon running on [[w:QEMU|QEMU]] in [[w:Debian|Debian]] [[w:Linux|Linux]].]] Originally, Oberon was [[Oberon/ETH Oberon/install|installed]] on a bare [[w:32-bit_computing|32 bit]] [[w:I386|i386]] or [[w:I486|i486]] machine using an Oberon0 [[Oberon/ETH Oberon/diskette|diskette]]. The procedure may still interest an enthusiast. In a contemporary system the Oberon0 installer can run on a [[w:Virtual_machine|virtual machine]]. The virtual machine is installed once and can be used for any number of installations. With this method, no time is spent recording and booting from a diskette and the unreliability of diskettes and drives is avoided. The installer runs faster on the virtual machine than it does from a diskette. The method has proven successful in installing ETH Oberon to a variety of laptop and desktop machines including a Micron Trek 2, AGP laptop. Detailed instructions for [[Oberon/ETH Oberon/QEMUinstall|installing with the QEMU hypervisor]] are provided and the instructions can be adapted to other virtual machines. Andres Ramos describes a [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Do2O1yFrnos installation method] where a FAT filesystem on a diskette is used to transfer installation files to the target machine. System configuration notes in [[/QEMUinstall#System_Configuration|QEMU page]] are independent of method of installation. In the original installation notes, configuration is discussed under the heading [[Oberon/ETH_Oberon/install#K|Customization of the installed Native Oberon system]]. In the running ETH Oberon, <code>Script.Open System.Text</code> allows access to section "4. Configuring the system". After installation and configuration on a storage medium, the system can run directly on a native [[w:X86|X86 PC]]. Alternatively, use can continue on the virtual machine. In the native case, a network connection will be over Ethernet or a serial crossover cable. In the virtual case, a network connection uses a [[w:TUN/TAP|TAP]] or [[w:Network_bridge|bridge]] interface connected to the host system. ==A Calendar and a Clock== [[File:OberonDocWithCaret.png|thumb|An Oberon document named Time with the hook caret allowing insertion.]] [[File:OberonTime.png|thumb|Time with the calendar and clock.]] Open an empty Time document with MM on Desktops.OpenDoc Time ~.<br> Set the hook caret by ML in the document.<br> Insert a calendar with MM on Gadgets.Insert Clocks.NewCalendar ~.<br> Insert a clock with MM on Gadgets.Insert Clocks.NewClock ~.<br> MM on [Store].<br> MM on [Close].<br> MM on Edit.Open Oberon.Text ~. Alternatively ET.Open Oberon.Text ~.<br> Above the line { System.OpenLog } insert these three lines. : { Configuration.Marker set 80% 94% } : { Desktops.OpenDoc Time ~ } : { Configuration.Marker set 80% 92% } MM on Edit.Store or ET.Store.<br> MM on System.Reboot. ==Telnet Console== [[w:Telnet|Telnet]] is an insecure protocol but provides a host console in Oberon and in an Oberon sub-system of A2. A host of an Oberon subsystem and a network facing router in a [[w:Local_area_network|LAN]] should have a [[w:Firewall_(computing)|firewall]] such as [[w:Shorewall|Shorewall]]. A telnet server daemon is required on at least one host. This in Debian Linux. sudo apt install openbsd-inetd inetutils-telnetd Configure with this line in /etc/inetd.conf. telnet stream tcp nowait <user> /usr/sbin/tcpd /usr/sbin/telnetd -E /bin/bash Refer to the telnetd manual. <user> must be replaced with the id of the Oberon user. Note the default to no authentication; equivalent to parameter "-a none". Restart the inet daemon. service openbsd-inetd restart Try telnet from within a console in the host. telnet localhost Then in Oberon. Desktops.OpenDoc telnet&#58;//localhost Example of a shell initialization in ~/.bashrc. More explanation is in [https://tldp.org/LDP/Bash-Beginners-Guide/html/sect_03_01.html https://tldp.org/LDP/Bash-Beginners-Guide/html/sect_03_01.html]. export PS1="\w " # Prefix each line with the current path. cd /mnt/A # Location in the file system. . ~/ShellFunctions # Declare utility shell functions. ==Email== [[File:Oberon.Mail.Panel.png|thumb|Mail.Panel in Oberon.]] [[w:Transport_Layer_Security|TLS]] is essential for secure transmission of email and is now routine practice. Oberon supports [[w:Pop3|POP and POP3]] for retrieving e-mail and [[w:Simple_Mail_Transfer_Protocol|SMTP]] for sending it. E-mail can be received from a [[w:smarthost|smarthost]] ''via'' a TLS tunnel and sent ''via'' [[w:Exim|Exim]] or a TLS tunnel.<ref>For ETH Oberon, a host on the LAN can provide Exim and Stunnel. For the Oberon subsystem in A2, Exim and Stunnel can run on localhost.</ref> In ETH Oberon, [[Oberon/ETH_Oberon/Oberon.Text|Oberon.Text]] make these settings. NetSystem = { SMTP = "<host on the LAN>" {* Outgoing local exim4 or TLS tunnel to smarthost. *} POP = "<host on the LAN>" {* TLS tunnel to smarthost for incoming mail. *} ... POPMode &#61; "POP3" &#123;* POP3 or APOP *&#125; EMail &#61; "me@my.domain.name" &#123;* your return address *&#125; ... &#125; [[w:List_of_TCP_and_UDP_port_numbers#Well-known_ports|Ports]] 25 for SMTP and 110 for POP are visible in [[../A2/Oberon.Mail.Mod|Oberon.Mail.Mod]]. In A2, [[Oberon/A2#Oberon.Text|Oberon.Text]], or Oberon.<host>.Text if using myaos, make these settings. NetSystem = { SMTP = "localhost" {* Outgoing local exim4 or TLS tunnel to smarthost. *} POP = "localhost" {* TLS tunnel to smarthost for incoming mail. *} ... POPMode &#61; "POP3" &#123;* POP3 or APOP *&#125; EMail &#61; "me@my.domain.name" &#123;* your return address *&#125; ... &#125; Ports are visible in [[../A2/Oberon.Mail.Mod|Oberon.Mail.Mod]]. Install stunnel and configure as in this example. The server name and port, exemplified by my.email.server<nowiki>:</nowiki>995, should be adjusted according to smarthost documentation. &#35;&#160;localhost<nowiki>:</nowiki>[https://www.stunnel.org/static/stunnel.html /etc/stunnel/stunnel.conf] &#35;&#160;Example SSL client mode services &#91;pop3&#93; client &#61; yes accept &#61; localhost<nowiki>:</nowiki>110 connect &#61; my.email.server<nowiki>:</nowiki>995 Hypothetically, systemd should start stunnel. In Debian 11 [https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=826883 a bug] interferes with automatic startup. This line in /etc/crontab may work. @reboot root /bin/stunnel If all else fails, start stunnel interactively with root authority and submit a bug report against the stunnel package. Set POP authentication using NetSystem.SetUser as in this example. NetSystem.SetUser pop<nowiki>:</nowiki>myEmailID<nowiki>:</nowiki>myEmailPassword@my.email.server &#126; The original SetUser command assumed the @ character did not occur in myEmailID or in myEmailPassword. This command, for example, would fail. NetSystem.SetUser pop<nowiki>:</nowiki>me@my.domain.name<nowiki>:</nowiki>r2d2$8Ch@my.email.server &#126; The difficulty is resolved by more thorough parsing in the SetUser command. Retrieve the revised [[Oberon/ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/NetSystem.Mod|NetSystem.Mod]] in ETH Oberon; [[Oberon/A2/Unix.Oberon.NetSystem.Mod|Unix.Oberon.NetSystem.Mod]] in A2. Compile the module. In ETH Oberon. Compiler.Compile NetSystem.Mod ~ In A2 apply the compile button in the editor (menu Files > Files > Unix.Oberon.NetSystem.Mod) or MM on this command. Compiler.Compile Unix.Oberon.NetSystem.Mod ~ Install Exim in the host according to system specific documentation for [https://wiki.debian.org/Exim Debian], [https://forums.fedoraforum.org/showthread.php?282299-Setting-up-an-exim-mail-server Fedora/CentOS] and etc.<ref>The primary [https://www.exim.org/docs.html Exim documentation] is also available.</ref> Exim authenticates to a smarthost according to a password file.<ref>In Debian, /etc/exim4/passwd.client associates a password with each (host, user) pair. Multiple host:user:password specifications are acceptable. The file does not determine the destination chosen by exim for sending a message. Refer to the [https://manpages.debian.org/jessie/exim4-config/exim4-config_files.5.en.html exim4-config_files manual].</ref> Details of configuration for a specific mail server can be obscure. For example, the server can fail to specify [[w:Opportunistic_TLS|STARTTLS]] or [https://www.exim.org/exim-html-current/doc/html/spec_html/ch-encrypted_smtp_connections_using_tlsssl.html TLS on connect]. Before attempting to configure Exim, ambiguities are best resolved using [https://www.jetmore.org/john/code/swaks/ Swaks]. Replace arguments of Swaks options -au, -ap, -f and -t with appropriate values for user, password and email address. Refer to the excellent [https://www.jetmore.org/john/code/swaks/latest/doc/ref.txt manual] for details. A userid pattern commonly used by [[w:Internet_service_provider|ISPs]] is me@my.authentication.domain. swaks -tls &#92; -ao -apt -au me@my.authentication.domain -ap r2d2\$8Ch &#92; -s my.smarthost.com --port 587 &#92; -f me@my.email.address -t me@my.email.address The example password has eight characters; \ is not included in the password but prevents misinterpretation of $8 by the host [[w:Shell (computing)|shell]].<ref name="escape"/> Swaks creates a trivial test message automatically. Arguments of options can be adjusted until transmission succeeds. Confirm transmission by receipt in Oberon as discussed above. ==News Reader== Notes pending. ==Text== These tables show the structure of records in memory representing a Text. When Texts.Store() records a Text in a [[w:Computer file|file]] for a [[w:Computer data storage|storage medium]], the information in the record structure is [[w:serialization|serialized]]. In the inverse process, Texts.Load() deserializes the information to the record structure of the Text in memory. {{:Oberon/ETH Oberon/TextType}} === Texts.FindPiece and the cache === For a given Text, T, and offset pos in [0, T.len), procedure Texts.FindPiece has the task of locating the piece containing pos. At each execution, FindPiece could begin at offset 0 and add lengths of pieces until the piece containing pos is located. A cache based upon T.pce and T.org allows better efficiency. When FindPiece completes a search, the pointer to the found piece is recorded in T.pce; the offset of the first character of that piece is recorded in T.org. The next execution of FindPiece begins at that cached location. With a result from FindPiece often being near the preceeding result, this strategy avoids repeated summation of lengths from the beginning of the first piece. === Text Dataflow in ETH Oberon === This [[w:Data-flow_diagram|dataflow]] example illustrates relationships between Oberon Text, [[w:HTML|HTML]] and [[w:ASCII|ASCII]] text. <div id="DataFlow"></div> <table cellpadding="2" style="text-align: center"> <tr> <td style="border-style: solid; background-color: #F0FFF0;{{Text default color}};">Oberon Text with<br>non-text features</td> <td>Oberon<br>Edit.StoreAscii<br>command<br><div style="font-size: x-large">&#x27F6;</div></td> <td style="border-style: solid; background-color: #F0FFF0;{{Text default color}};">Oberon Text with non<br>-text features omitted</td> <td>&#160;</td> <td>&#160;</td> <td>&#160;</td> <td style="border-style: solid; background-color: #F0FFF0;{{Text default color}};">Oberon Text with non<br>-text features omitted</td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center"> <table cellpadding="2"> <tr><td align="center">Oberon<br>MediaWiki.Markup<br>command</td><td style="font-size: x-large; ">&#x2193;</td></tr> </table> </td> <td>&#160;</td> <td > <table cellpadding="2"> <tr><td style="font-size: x-large">&#x2191;</td><td>Oberon<br>Desktops.OpenDoc<br>command</td></tr> </table> </td> <td>&#160;</td> <td>&#160;</td> <td>&#160;</td> <td align="center> <table cellpadding="2"> <tr align="center"><td style="font-size: x-large">&#x2191;</td><td>Oberon<br>mouse<br>copy</td></tr> </table> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-style: solid; background-color: #F0FFF0;{{Text default color}};; cellpadding: 2">MediaWiki markup with color<br>and syle but hyperlinks<br>and images omitted</td> <td>MediaWiki<br>processor<br><div style="font-size: x-large">&#x27F6;</div></td> <td style="border-style: solid; background-color: #F0FFF0;{{Text default color}};">HTML5 text with<br>text color and style</td> <td>Web<br>&#160;&#160;browser&#160;&#160;<br><div style="font-size: x-large">&#x27F6;</div></td> <td style="border-style: solid; background-color: #F0FFF0;{{Text default color}};">&#160;&#160;&#160;browser&#160;&#160;&#160;<br>&#160;&#160;text</td> <td>Clipboard or<br>Save operation<br><div style="font-size: x-large">&#x27F6;</div></td> <td style="border-style: solid; background-color: #F0FFF0;{{Text default color}};">ASCII<br>text file</td> </tr> </table> Text color and style, images and hyperlinks are lost by conversion of browser text to ASCII. Consequently the rightmost Oberon Text has the same appearance as plain ASCII text. Text color and style can assist with reading and understanding a source but compilation is not influenced by color and style. ==Potential Developments== * A fresh release with bug fixes and improvements, posted on a [https://sourceforge.net/projects/nativeoberon/files/nativeoberon/Oberon0%20boot%20disk/ public server]. * Improved support of [[w:Unicode|Unicode]]. * [[w:Huffman_encoding|Huffman coding]] in [[w:Jpg|JPEG]]. * Improved HTML support. Support for styling and tables, for example. * [[w:Portable_Network_Graphics|PNG]]. * [[w:Transport_Layer_Security|SSL]] based upon existing cryptography modules. * [[w:Touchscreen|Touchscreen]] support. ==Module Sources== The last release of ETH_Oberon at the ETHZ was 2.3.7. At bootup, release date 2003-01-05<ref name="iso8601">[[w:ISO_8601|ISO 8601 date format.]]</ref> is announced in the System.Log. [https://sourceforge.net/projects/nativeoberon/files/nativeoberon/ Sourceforge] has the file "{{color|green|Native Oberon 2.3.7 Alpha/NativeOberon_2.3.7.tar.gz}}" and bootable installer images in "{{color|green|Oberon0 boot disk/}}". Package structure is in [[Oberon/ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/Native.Tool|Native.Tool]]. Sources are also available at [https://github.com/schierlm/NativeOberon-2.3.6-Extracted https://github.com/schierlm/NativeOberon-2.3.6-Extracted] in the directory {{color|green|FullInstall_ASCII}}. Sources and Tools remain under the [[Oberon#ETH_Oberon_License|ETH Oberon License]]. === Module Sources in System Package === The System Package contains approximately 170 modules. Refer to [[Oberon/ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/Native.Tool|Native.Tool]]. {| class="wikitable" |+ ! Release 2.3.7 !! Wikibook variant<ref name="compare">Compare ETHZ and wikibook sources using Diff.Do in Oberon or the [[Oberon#Comparing_Versions_and_Pages|MediaWiki facility]] described on the front page.</ref> !! Notes |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/ATADisks.Mod|ATADisks.Mod]] | [[../ETH_Oberon/ATADisks.Mod|ATADisks.Mod]] | Support for Compact Flash added. |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/Compiler.Mod|Compiler.Mod]] | | |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/Dialer.Mod|Dialer.Mod]] | [[../ETH_Oberon/Dialer.Mod|Dialer.Mod]] | Dialer.Dial modified to support the ringback protocol as provided by [http://mgetty.greenie.net mgetty]. Refer to the [[../ETH_Oberon/Dialer|Dialer]] page. |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/DisplayLinear.Mod|DisplayLinear.Mod]] | | |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/Displays.Display.Mod|Displays.Display.Mod]] | | |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/Displays.Mod|Displays.Mod]] | | |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/Empty.Display.Mod|Empty.Display.Mod]] | | |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/FTP.Mod|FTP.Mod]] | [[../ETH_Oberon/FTP.Mod|FTP.Mod]] | |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/GD54xx.Display.Mod|GD54xx.Display.Mod]] | | |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/Input.Mod|Input.Mod]] | [[../ETH_Oberon/Input.Mod|Input.Mod]] | |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/NetSystem.Mod|NetSystem.Mod]] | | |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/OGLDisplay.Mod|OGLDisplay.Mod]] | | |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/Objects.Mod|Objects.Mod]] | | |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/PPPDebug.Mod|PPPDebug.Mod]] | | |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/PPPFSM.Mod|PPPFSM.Mod]] | [[../ETH_Oberon/PPPFSM.Mod|PPPFSM.Mod]] | |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/PPPHDLC.Mod|PPPHDLC.Mod]] | [[../ETH_Oberon/PPPHDLC.Mod|PPPHDLC.Mod]] | |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/PPPIPCP.Mod|PPPIPCP.Mod]] | [[../ETH_Oberon/PPPIPCP.Mod|PPPIPCP.Mod]] | |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/PPPLCP.Mod|PPPLCP.Mod]] | [[../ETH_Oberon/PPPLCP.Mod|PPPLCP.Mod]] | |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/PPPMain.Mod|PPPMain.Mod]] | [[../ETH_Oberon/PPPMain.Mod|PPPMain.Mod]] | |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/PPPPAP.Mod|PPPPAP.Mod]] | | |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/PPPTest.Mod|PPPTest.Mod]] | | |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/PPPTools.Mod|PPPTools.Mod]] | [[../ETH_Oberon/PPPTools.Mod|PPPTools.Mod]] | |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/PSPrinter.Mod|PSPrinter.Mod]] | | |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/S3C805.Display.Mod|S3C805.Display.Mod]] | | |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/S3C924.Display.Mod|S3C924.Display.Mod]] | | |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/S3Trio.Display.Mod|S3Trio.Display.Mod]] | | |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/SVGA.Display.Mod|SVGA.Display.Mod]] | | |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/Texts.Mod|Texts.Mod]] | | |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/VGA.Display.Mod|VGA.Display.Mod]] | | |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/W32.Display.Mod|W32.Display.Mod]] | | |} === Module Sources in Gadgets Package === {| class="wikitable" |+ ! Release 2.3.7 !! Wikibook variant<ref name="compare">Compare ETHZ and wikibook sources using Diff.Do in Oberon or the [[Oberon#Comparing_Versions_and_Pages|MediaWiki facility]] described on the front page.</ref> !! Notes |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/Display3.Mod|Display3.Mod]] | | |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/Displays.Colors.Mod|Displays.Colors.Mod]] | | |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/Mail.Mod|Mail.Mod]] | [[../ETH_Oberon/Mail.Mod|Mail.Mod]] | |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/FTPDocs.Mod|FTPDocs.Mod]] | | |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/HTMLDocs.Mod|HTMLDocs.Mod]] | | |} === Module Source in Apps1 Package === {| class="wikitable" |+ ! Release 2.3.7 !! Wikibook variant<ref name="compare">Compare ETHZ and wikibook sources using Diff.Do in Oberon or the [[Oberon#Comparing_Versions_and_Pages|MediaWiki facility]] described on the front page.</ref> !! Notes |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/GfxDisplay.Mod|GfxDisplay.Mod]] | | |} === Module Sources in Apps2 Package === {| class="wikitable" |+ ! Release 2.3.7 !! Wikibook variant<ref name="compare">Compare ETHZ and wikibook sources using Diff.Do in Oberon or the [[Oberon#Comparing_Versions_and_Pages|MediaWiki facility]] described on the front page.</ref> !! Notes |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/HTML.Mod|HTML.Mod]] | [[../ETH_Oberon/HTML.Mod|HTML.Mod]] | |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/Sort.Mod|Sort.Mod]] | | |} === Module Sources in Documentation Package === {| class="wikitable" |+ ! Release 2.3.7 !! Wikibook variant<ref name="compare">Compare ETHZ and wikibook sources using Diff.Do in Oberon or the [[Oberon#Comparing_Versions_and_Pages|MediaWiki facility]] described on the front page.</ref> !! Notes |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/Examples.Mod|Examples.Mod]] | | |} === Module Sources in Build Package === {| class="wikitable" |+ ! Release 2.3.7 !! Wikibook variant<ref name="compare">Compare ETHZ and wikibook sources using Diff.Do in Oberon or the [[Oberon#Comparing_Versions_and_Pages|MediaWiki facility]] described on the front page.</ref> !! Notes |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/DisplayMach64.Mod|DisplayMach64.Mod]] | | |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/DisplayTool.Mod|DisplayTool.Mod]] | | |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/DisplayVGA4.Mod|DisplayVGA4.Mod]] | | |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/S3TrioC.Display.Mod|S3TrioC.Display.Mod]] | | |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/SVGAH.Display.Mod|SVGAH.Display.Mod]] | | |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/SVGAL.Display.Mod|SVGAL.Display.Mod]] | | |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/Trace.Display.Mod|Trace.Display.Mod]] | | |} === Module Source in Lab Package === {| class="wikitable" |+ ! Release 2.3.7 !! Wikibook variant<ref name="compare">Compare ETHZ and wikibook sources using Diff.Do in Oberon or the [[Oberon#Comparing_Versions_and_Pages|MediaWiki facility]] described on the front page.</ref> !! Notes |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/DisplayBackdrop.Mod|DisplayBackdrop.Mod]] | | |} <!-- === Sources of SSH Modules === The SSH modules for ETH Oberon were written by [http://www.informatik.uni-bremen.de/~fld/ Guenter Feldmann]. {| class="wikitable" |+ ! Release 2.3.7 !! Wikibook variant<ref name="compare">Compare ETHZ and wikibook sources using Diff.Do in Oberon or the [[Oberon#Comparing_Versions_and_Pages|MediaWiki facility]] described on the front page.</ref> !! Notes |- | | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/SSHTransport.Mod|SSHTransport.Mod]] | |} --> === Source for Additional Module === {| class="wikitable" |+ ! Release 2.3.7 !! Wikibook variant<ref name="compare">Compare ETHZ and wikibook sources using Diff.Do in Oberon or the [[Oberon#Comparing_Versions_and_Pages|MediaWiki facility]] described on the front page.</ref> !! Notes |- | | [[../ETH_Oberon/MediaWiki.Mod|MediaWiki.Mod]] | Translation of Oberon Text to MediaWiki markup. |} {{BookCat}} ==Texts== {| class="wikitable" |+ ! Release 2.3.7 !! Wikibook variant<ref name="compare"/> !! Notes |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/Oberon.Text|Oberon.Text]] | [[../ETH_Oberon/Oberon.Text|Oberon.Text]] | Edit according to local requirements and preferences. |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/References.Text|References.Text]] | | |} ==Tools== {| class="wikitable" |+ ! Release 2.3.7 !! Wikibook variant<ref name="compare"/> !! Notes |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/Compiler.Tool|Compiler.Tool]] | &#160; | &#160; |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/FTP.Tool|FTP.Tool]] | &#160; | &#160; |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/Native.Tool|Native.Tool]] | &#160; | &#160; |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/PPP.Tool|PPP.Tool]] | &#160; | &#160; |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/Sort.Tool|Sort.Tool]] | &#160; | &#160; |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/Tutorials.Tool|Tutorials.Tool]] | &#160; | &#160; |} ==Footnotes== {{Reflist|refs= <ref name="escape">No [[w:Escape character|escape character]] is involved in Oberon.</ref> }} <br> {{Navigation | Book = Wikibooks:Oberon | previous = The Oberon System, V1 and V2 | next = Linz Oberon, V4 }} {{BookCat}} 70qrcxt2qagotajewl85ptkbph0j2m0 4679289 4679288 2026-10-31T15:54:33Z PeterEasthope 660399 /* Telnet Console */ Revised diction. 4679289 wikitext text/x-wiki __TOC__ {{Navigation | Book = Wikibooks:Oberon | previous = The Oberon System, V1 and V2 | next = Linz Oberon, V4 }} <br> ==Links== [[Oberon/ETH_Oberon/sitemap|ETH Oberon Sitemap]], including FAQ<br /> [[Oberon/ETH_Oberon/Tutorial|ETH Oberon Tutorial]], Fischer and Marais<br /> [[Oberon/ETH_Oberon/Ramos|Oberon Channel in Youtube]], Andres Ramos<br /> [[Oberon/ETH_Oberon/white|ETH Oberon White Paper]]<br /> [http://ftp.gwdg.de/pub/languages/oberon/ftp.inf.ethz.ch/ETHOberon/Contrib/ Contributions, formerly served from ETHZ] ==Installing== [[File:Oberon0UnderQEMU.png|thumb|320px|The Oberon0 installer for ETH Oberon running on [[w:QEMU|QEMU]] in [[w:Debian|Debian]] [[w:Linux|Linux]].]] Originally, Oberon was [[Oberon/ETH Oberon/install|installed]] on a bare [[w:32-bit_computing|32 bit]] [[w:I386|i386]] or [[w:I486|i486]] machine using an Oberon0 [[Oberon/ETH Oberon/diskette|diskette]]. The procedure may still interest an enthusiast. In a contemporary system the Oberon0 installer can run on a [[w:Virtual_machine|virtual machine]]. The virtual machine is installed once and can be used for any number of installations. With this method, no time is spent recording and booting from a diskette and the unreliability of diskettes and drives is avoided. The installer runs faster on the virtual machine than it does from a diskette. The method has proven successful in installing ETH Oberon to a variety of laptop and desktop machines including a Micron Trek 2, AGP laptop. Detailed instructions for [[Oberon/ETH Oberon/QEMUinstall|installing with the QEMU hypervisor]] are provided and the instructions can be adapted to other virtual machines. Andres Ramos describes a [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Do2O1yFrnos installation method] where a FAT filesystem on a diskette is used to transfer installation files to the target machine. System configuration notes in [[/QEMUinstall#System_Configuration|QEMU page]] are independent of method of installation. In the original installation notes, configuration is discussed under the heading [[Oberon/ETH_Oberon/install#K|Customization of the installed Native Oberon system]]. In the running ETH Oberon, <code>Script.Open System.Text</code> allows access to section "4. Configuring the system". After installation and configuration on a storage medium, the system can run directly on a native [[w:X86|X86 PC]]. Alternatively, use can continue on the virtual machine. In the native case, a network connection will be over Ethernet or a serial crossover cable. In the virtual case, a network connection uses a [[w:TUN/TAP|TAP]] or [[w:Network_bridge|bridge]] interface connected to the host system. ==A Calendar and a Clock== [[File:OberonDocWithCaret.png|thumb|An Oberon document named Time with the hook caret allowing insertion.]] [[File:OberonTime.png|thumb|Time with the calendar and clock.]] Open an empty Time document with MM on Desktops.OpenDoc Time ~.<br> Set the hook caret by ML in the document.<br> Insert a calendar with MM on Gadgets.Insert Clocks.NewCalendar ~.<br> Insert a clock with MM on Gadgets.Insert Clocks.NewClock ~.<br> MM on [Store].<br> MM on [Close].<br> MM on Edit.Open Oberon.Text ~. Alternatively ET.Open Oberon.Text ~.<br> Above the line { System.OpenLog } insert these three lines. : { Configuration.Marker set 80% 94% } : { Desktops.OpenDoc Time ~ } : { Configuration.Marker set 80% 92% } MM on Edit.Store or ET.Store.<br> MM on System.Reboot. ==Telnet Console== [[w:Telnet|Telnet]] is an insecure protocol but provides a host console in Oberon and in an Oberon sub-system of A2. A host of an Oberon subsystem and a network facing router in a [[w:Local_area_network|LAN]] should have a [[w:Firewall_(computing)|firewall]] such as [[w:Shorewall|Shorewall]]. A telnet server daemon is required on at least one host. This in Debian Linux. sudo apt install openbsd-inetd inetutils-telnetd Configure with this line in /etc/inetd.conf. telnet stream tcp nowait <user> /usr/sbin/tcpd /usr/sbin/telnetd -E /bin/bash Refer to the telnetd manual. <user> must be replaced with the id of the Oberon user. Note the default to no authentication; equivalent to parameter "-a none". Restart the inet daemon. service openbsd-inetd restart Try telnet from within a console in the host. telnet localhost Then in Oberon. Desktops.OpenDoc telnet&#58;//localhost Example of a shell initialization in ~/.bashrc. More explanation is in [https://tldp.org/LDP/Bash-Beginners-Guide/html/sect_03_01.html https://tldp.org/LDP/Bash-Beginners-Guide/html/sect_03_01.html]. export PS1="\w " # Prefix each line with the current path. cd /mnt/A # Locate in the file system. . ~/ShellFunctions # Declare personal utility shell functions. ==Email== [[File:Oberon.Mail.Panel.png|thumb|Mail.Panel in Oberon.]] [[w:Transport_Layer_Security|TLS]] is essential for secure transmission of email and is now routine practice. Oberon supports [[w:Pop3|POP and POP3]] for retrieving e-mail and [[w:Simple_Mail_Transfer_Protocol|SMTP]] for sending it. E-mail can be received from a [[w:smarthost|smarthost]] ''via'' a TLS tunnel and sent ''via'' [[w:Exim|Exim]] or a TLS tunnel.<ref>For ETH Oberon, a host on the LAN can provide Exim and Stunnel. For the Oberon subsystem in A2, Exim and Stunnel can run on localhost.</ref> In ETH Oberon, [[Oberon/ETH_Oberon/Oberon.Text|Oberon.Text]] make these settings. NetSystem = { SMTP = "<host on the LAN>" {* Outgoing local exim4 or TLS tunnel to smarthost. *} POP = "<host on the LAN>" {* TLS tunnel to smarthost for incoming mail. *} ... POPMode &#61; "POP3" &#123;* POP3 or APOP *&#125; EMail &#61; "me@my.domain.name" &#123;* your return address *&#125; ... &#125; [[w:List_of_TCP_and_UDP_port_numbers#Well-known_ports|Ports]] 25 for SMTP and 110 for POP are visible in [[../A2/Oberon.Mail.Mod|Oberon.Mail.Mod]]. In A2, [[Oberon/A2#Oberon.Text|Oberon.Text]], or Oberon.<host>.Text if using myaos, make these settings. NetSystem = { SMTP = "localhost" {* Outgoing local exim4 or TLS tunnel to smarthost. *} POP = "localhost" {* TLS tunnel to smarthost for incoming mail. *} ... POPMode &#61; "POP3" &#123;* POP3 or APOP *&#125; EMail &#61; "me@my.domain.name" &#123;* your return address *&#125; ... &#125; Ports are visible in [[../A2/Oberon.Mail.Mod|Oberon.Mail.Mod]]. Install stunnel and configure as in this example. The server name and port, exemplified by my.email.server<nowiki>:</nowiki>995, should be adjusted according to smarthost documentation. &#35;&#160;localhost<nowiki>:</nowiki>[https://www.stunnel.org/static/stunnel.html /etc/stunnel/stunnel.conf] &#35;&#160;Example SSL client mode services &#91;pop3&#93; client &#61; yes accept &#61; localhost<nowiki>:</nowiki>110 connect &#61; my.email.server<nowiki>:</nowiki>995 Hypothetically, systemd should start stunnel. In Debian 11 [https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=826883 a bug] interferes with automatic startup. This line in /etc/crontab may work. @reboot root /bin/stunnel If all else fails, start stunnel interactively with root authority and submit a bug report against the stunnel package. Set POP authentication using NetSystem.SetUser as in this example. NetSystem.SetUser pop<nowiki>:</nowiki>myEmailID<nowiki>:</nowiki>myEmailPassword@my.email.server &#126; The original SetUser command assumed the @ character did not occur in myEmailID or in myEmailPassword. This command, for example, would fail. NetSystem.SetUser pop<nowiki>:</nowiki>me@my.domain.name<nowiki>:</nowiki>r2d2$8Ch@my.email.server &#126; The difficulty is resolved by more thorough parsing in the SetUser command. Retrieve the revised [[Oberon/ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/NetSystem.Mod|NetSystem.Mod]] in ETH Oberon; [[Oberon/A2/Unix.Oberon.NetSystem.Mod|Unix.Oberon.NetSystem.Mod]] in A2. Compile the module. In ETH Oberon. Compiler.Compile NetSystem.Mod ~ In A2 apply the compile button in the editor (menu Files > Files > Unix.Oberon.NetSystem.Mod) or MM on this command. Compiler.Compile Unix.Oberon.NetSystem.Mod ~ Install Exim in the host according to system specific documentation for [https://wiki.debian.org/Exim Debian], [https://forums.fedoraforum.org/showthread.php?282299-Setting-up-an-exim-mail-server Fedora/CentOS] and etc.<ref>The primary [https://www.exim.org/docs.html Exim documentation] is also available.</ref> Exim authenticates to a smarthost according to a password file.<ref>In Debian, /etc/exim4/passwd.client associates a password with each (host, user) pair. Multiple host:user:password specifications are acceptable. The file does not determine the destination chosen by exim for sending a message. Refer to the [https://manpages.debian.org/jessie/exim4-config/exim4-config_files.5.en.html exim4-config_files manual].</ref> Details of configuration for a specific mail server can be obscure. For example, the server can fail to specify [[w:Opportunistic_TLS|STARTTLS]] or [https://www.exim.org/exim-html-current/doc/html/spec_html/ch-encrypted_smtp_connections_using_tlsssl.html TLS on connect]. Before attempting to configure Exim, ambiguities are best resolved using [https://www.jetmore.org/john/code/swaks/ Swaks]. Replace arguments of Swaks options -au, -ap, -f and -t with appropriate values for user, password and email address. Refer to the excellent [https://www.jetmore.org/john/code/swaks/latest/doc/ref.txt manual] for details. A userid pattern commonly used by [[w:Internet_service_provider|ISPs]] is me@my.authentication.domain. swaks -tls &#92; -ao -apt -au me@my.authentication.domain -ap r2d2\$8Ch &#92; -s my.smarthost.com --port 587 &#92; -f me@my.email.address -t me@my.email.address The example password has eight characters; \ is not included in the password but prevents misinterpretation of $8 by the host [[w:Shell (computing)|shell]].<ref name="escape"/> Swaks creates a trivial test message automatically. Arguments of options can be adjusted until transmission succeeds. Confirm transmission by receipt in Oberon as discussed above. ==News Reader== Notes pending. ==Text== These tables show the structure of records in memory representing a Text. When Texts.Store() records a Text in a [[w:Computer file|file]] for a [[w:Computer data storage|storage medium]], the information in the record structure is [[w:serialization|serialized]]. In the inverse process, Texts.Load() deserializes the information to the record structure of the Text in memory. {{:Oberon/ETH Oberon/TextType}} === Texts.FindPiece and the cache === For a given Text, T, and offset pos in [0, T.len), procedure Texts.FindPiece has the task of locating the piece containing pos. At each execution, FindPiece could begin at offset 0 and add lengths of pieces until the piece containing pos is located. A cache based upon T.pce and T.org allows better efficiency. When FindPiece completes a search, the pointer to the found piece is recorded in T.pce; the offset of the first character of that piece is recorded in T.org. The next execution of FindPiece begins at that cached location. With a result from FindPiece often being near the preceeding result, this strategy avoids repeated summation of lengths from the beginning of the first piece. === Text Dataflow in ETH Oberon === This [[w:Data-flow_diagram|dataflow]] example illustrates relationships between Oberon Text, [[w:HTML|HTML]] and [[w:ASCII|ASCII]] text. <div id="DataFlow"></div> <table cellpadding="2" style="text-align: center"> <tr> <td style="border-style: solid; background-color: #F0FFF0;{{Text default color}};">Oberon Text with<br>non-text features</td> <td>Oberon<br>Edit.StoreAscii<br>command<br><div style="font-size: x-large">&#x27F6;</div></td> <td style="border-style: solid; background-color: #F0FFF0;{{Text default color}};">Oberon Text with non<br>-text features omitted</td> <td>&#160;</td> <td>&#160;</td> <td>&#160;</td> <td style="border-style: solid; background-color: #F0FFF0;{{Text default color}};">Oberon Text with non<br>-text features omitted</td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center"> <table cellpadding="2"> <tr><td align="center">Oberon<br>MediaWiki.Markup<br>command</td><td style="font-size: x-large; ">&#x2193;</td></tr> </table> </td> <td>&#160;</td> <td > <table cellpadding="2"> <tr><td style="font-size: x-large">&#x2191;</td><td>Oberon<br>Desktops.OpenDoc<br>command</td></tr> </table> </td> <td>&#160;</td> <td>&#160;</td> <td>&#160;</td> <td align="center> <table cellpadding="2"> <tr align="center"><td style="font-size: x-large">&#x2191;</td><td>Oberon<br>mouse<br>copy</td></tr> </table> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-style: solid; background-color: #F0FFF0;{{Text default color}};; cellpadding: 2">MediaWiki markup with color<br>and syle but hyperlinks<br>and images omitted</td> <td>MediaWiki<br>processor<br><div style="font-size: x-large">&#x27F6;</div></td> <td style="border-style: solid; background-color: #F0FFF0;{{Text default color}};">HTML5 text with<br>text color and style</td> <td>Web<br>&#160;&#160;browser&#160;&#160;<br><div style="font-size: x-large">&#x27F6;</div></td> <td style="border-style: solid; background-color: #F0FFF0;{{Text default color}};">&#160;&#160;&#160;browser&#160;&#160;&#160;<br>&#160;&#160;text</td> <td>Clipboard or<br>Save operation<br><div style="font-size: x-large">&#x27F6;</div></td> <td style="border-style: solid; background-color: #F0FFF0;{{Text default color}};">ASCII<br>text file</td> </tr> </table> Text color and style, images and hyperlinks are lost by conversion of browser text to ASCII. Consequently the rightmost Oberon Text has the same appearance as plain ASCII text. Text color and style can assist with reading and understanding a source but compilation is not influenced by color and style. ==Potential Developments== * A fresh release with bug fixes and improvements, posted on a [https://sourceforge.net/projects/nativeoberon/files/nativeoberon/Oberon0%20boot%20disk/ public server]. * Improved support of [[w:Unicode|Unicode]]. * [[w:Huffman_encoding|Huffman coding]] in [[w:Jpg|JPEG]]. * Improved HTML support. Support for styling and tables, for example. * [[w:Portable_Network_Graphics|PNG]]. * [[w:Transport_Layer_Security|SSL]] based upon existing cryptography modules. * [[w:Touchscreen|Touchscreen]] support. ==Module Sources== The last release of ETH_Oberon at the ETHZ was 2.3.7. At bootup, release date 2003-01-05<ref name="iso8601">[[w:ISO_8601|ISO 8601 date format.]]</ref> is announced in the System.Log. [https://sourceforge.net/projects/nativeoberon/files/nativeoberon/ Sourceforge] has the file "{{color|green|Native Oberon 2.3.7 Alpha/NativeOberon_2.3.7.tar.gz}}" and bootable installer images in "{{color|green|Oberon0 boot disk/}}". Package structure is in [[Oberon/ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/Native.Tool|Native.Tool]]. Sources are also available at [https://github.com/schierlm/NativeOberon-2.3.6-Extracted https://github.com/schierlm/NativeOberon-2.3.6-Extracted] in the directory {{color|green|FullInstall_ASCII}}. Sources and Tools remain under the [[Oberon#ETH_Oberon_License|ETH Oberon License]]. === Module Sources in System Package === The System Package contains approximately 170 modules. Refer to [[Oberon/ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/Native.Tool|Native.Tool]]. {| class="wikitable" |+ ! Release 2.3.7 !! Wikibook variant<ref name="compare">Compare ETHZ and wikibook sources using Diff.Do in Oberon or the [[Oberon#Comparing_Versions_and_Pages|MediaWiki facility]] described on the front page.</ref> !! Notes |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/ATADisks.Mod|ATADisks.Mod]] | [[../ETH_Oberon/ATADisks.Mod|ATADisks.Mod]] | Support for Compact Flash added. |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/Compiler.Mod|Compiler.Mod]] | | |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/Dialer.Mod|Dialer.Mod]] | [[../ETH_Oberon/Dialer.Mod|Dialer.Mod]] | Dialer.Dial modified to support the ringback protocol as provided by [http://mgetty.greenie.net mgetty]. Refer to the [[../ETH_Oberon/Dialer|Dialer]] page. |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/DisplayLinear.Mod|DisplayLinear.Mod]] | | |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/Displays.Display.Mod|Displays.Display.Mod]] | | |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/Displays.Mod|Displays.Mod]] | | |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/Empty.Display.Mod|Empty.Display.Mod]] | | |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/FTP.Mod|FTP.Mod]] | [[../ETH_Oberon/FTP.Mod|FTP.Mod]] | |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/GD54xx.Display.Mod|GD54xx.Display.Mod]] | | |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/Input.Mod|Input.Mod]] | [[../ETH_Oberon/Input.Mod|Input.Mod]] | |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/NetSystem.Mod|NetSystem.Mod]] | | |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/OGLDisplay.Mod|OGLDisplay.Mod]] | | |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/Objects.Mod|Objects.Mod]] | | |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/PPPDebug.Mod|PPPDebug.Mod]] | | |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/PPPFSM.Mod|PPPFSM.Mod]] | [[../ETH_Oberon/PPPFSM.Mod|PPPFSM.Mod]] | |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/PPPHDLC.Mod|PPPHDLC.Mod]] | [[../ETH_Oberon/PPPHDLC.Mod|PPPHDLC.Mod]] | |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/PPPIPCP.Mod|PPPIPCP.Mod]] | [[../ETH_Oberon/PPPIPCP.Mod|PPPIPCP.Mod]] | |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/PPPLCP.Mod|PPPLCP.Mod]] | [[../ETH_Oberon/PPPLCP.Mod|PPPLCP.Mod]] | |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/PPPMain.Mod|PPPMain.Mod]] | [[../ETH_Oberon/PPPMain.Mod|PPPMain.Mod]] | |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/PPPPAP.Mod|PPPPAP.Mod]] | | |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/PPPTest.Mod|PPPTest.Mod]] | | |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/PPPTools.Mod|PPPTools.Mod]] | [[../ETH_Oberon/PPPTools.Mod|PPPTools.Mod]] | |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/PSPrinter.Mod|PSPrinter.Mod]] | | |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/S3C805.Display.Mod|S3C805.Display.Mod]] | | |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/S3C924.Display.Mod|S3C924.Display.Mod]] | | |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/S3Trio.Display.Mod|S3Trio.Display.Mod]] | | |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/SVGA.Display.Mod|SVGA.Display.Mod]] | | |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/Texts.Mod|Texts.Mod]] | | |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/VGA.Display.Mod|VGA.Display.Mod]] | | |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/W32.Display.Mod|W32.Display.Mod]] | | |} === Module Sources in Gadgets Package === {| class="wikitable" |+ ! Release 2.3.7 !! Wikibook variant<ref name="compare">Compare ETHZ and wikibook sources using Diff.Do in Oberon or the [[Oberon#Comparing_Versions_and_Pages|MediaWiki facility]] described on the front page.</ref> !! Notes |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/Display3.Mod|Display3.Mod]] | | |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/Displays.Colors.Mod|Displays.Colors.Mod]] | | |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/Mail.Mod|Mail.Mod]] | [[../ETH_Oberon/Mail.Mod|Mail.Mod]] | |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/FTPDocs.Mod|FTPDocs.Mod]] | | |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/HTMLDocs.Mod|HTMLDocs.Mod]] | | |} === Module Source in Apps1 Package === {| class="wikitable" |+ ! Release 2.3.7 !! Wikibook variant<ref name="compare">Compare ETHZ and wikibook sources using Diff.Do in Oberon or the [[Oberon#Comparing_Versions_and_Pages|MediaWiki facility]] described on the front page.</ref> !! Notes |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/GfxDisplay.Mod|GfxDisplay.Mod]] | | |} === Module Sources in Apps2 Package === {| class="wikitable" |+ ! Release 2.3.7 !! Wikibook variant<ref name="compare">Compare ETHZ and wikibook sources using Diff.Do in Oberon or the [[Oberon#Comparing_Versions_and_Pages|MediaWiki facility]] described on the front page.</ref> !! Notes |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/HTML.Mod|HTML.Mod]] | [[../ETH_Oberon/HTML.Mod|HTML.Mod]] | |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/Sort.Mod|Sort.Mod]] | | |} === Module Sources in Documentation Package === {| class="wikitable" |+ ! Release 2.3.7 !! Wikibook variant<ref name="compare">Compare ETHZ and wikibook sources using Diff.Do in Oberon or the [[Oberon#Comparing_Versions_and_Pages|MediaWiki facility]] described on the front page.</ref> !! Notes |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/Examples.Mod|Examples.Mod]] | | |} === Module Sources in Build Package === {| class="wikitable" |+ ! Release 2.3.7 !! Wikibook variant<ref name="compare">Compare ETHZ and wikibook sources using Diff.Do in Oberon or the [[Oberon#Comparing_Versions_and_Pages|MediaWiki facility]] described on the front page.</ref> !! Notes |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/DisplayMach64.Mod|DisplayMach64.Mod]] | | |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/DisplayTool.Mod|DisplayTool.Mod]] | | |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/DisplayVGA4.Mod|DisplayVGA4.Mod]] | | |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/S3TrioC.Display.Mod|S3TrioC.Display.Mod]] | | |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/SVGAH.Display.Mod|SVGAH.Display.Mod]] | | |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/SVGAL.Display.Mod|SVGAL.Display.Mod]] | | |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/Trace.Display.Mod|Trace.Display.Mod]] | | |} === Module Source in Lab Package === {| class="wikitable" |+ ! Release 2.3.7 !! Wikibook variant<ref name="compare">Compare ETHZ and wikibook sources using Diff.Do in Oberon or the [[Oberon#Comparing_Versions_and_Pages|MediaWiki facility]] described on the front page.</ref> !! Notes |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/DisplayBackdrop.Mod|DisplayBackdrop.Mod]] | | |} <!-- === Sources of SSH Modules === The SSH modules for ETH Oberon were written by [http://www.informatik.uni-bremen.de/~fld/ Guenter Feldmann]. {| class="wikitable" |+ ! Release 2.3.7 !! Wikibook variant<ref name="compare">Compare ETHZ and wikibook sources using Diff.Do in Oberon or the [[Oberon#Comparing_Versions_and_Pages|MediaWiki facility]] described on the front page.</ref> !! Notes |- | | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/SSHTransport.Mod|SSHTransport.Mod]] | |} --> === Source for Additional Module === {| class="wikitable" |+ ! Release 2.3.7 !! Wikibook variant<ref name="compare">Compare ETHZ and wikibook sources using Diff.Do in Oberon or the [[Oberon#Comparing_Versions_and_Pages|MediaWiki facility]] described on the front page.</ref> !! Notes |- | | [[../ETH_Oberon/MediaWiki.Mod|MediaWiki.Mod]] | Translation of Oberon Text to MediaWiki markup. |} {{BookCat}} ==Texts== {| class="wikitable" |+ ! Release 2.3.7 !! Wikibook variant<ref name="compare"/> !! Notes |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/Oberon.Text|Oberon.Text]] | [[../ETH_Oberon/Oberon.Text|Oberon.Text]] | Edit according to local requirements and preferences. |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/References.Text|References.Text]] | | |} ==Tools== {| class="wikitable" |+ ! Release 2.3.7 !! Wikibook variant<ref name="compare"/> !! Notes |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/Compiler.Tool|Compiler.Tool]] | &#160; | &#160; |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/FTP.Tool|FTP.Tool]] | &#160; | &#160; |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/Native.Tool|Native.Tool]] | &#160; | &#160; |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/PPP.Tool|PPP.Tool]] | &#160; | &#160; |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/Sort.Tool|Sort.Tool]] | &#160; | &#160; |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/Tutorials.Tool|Tutorials.Tool]] | &#160; | &#160; |} ==Footnotes== {{Reflist|refs= <ref name="escape">No [[w:Escape character|escape character]] is involved in Oberon.</ref> }} <br> {{Navigation | Book = Wikibooks:Oberon | previous = The Oberon System, V1 and V2 | next = Linz Oberon, V4 }} {{BookCat}} na4dx7v2ju8s18mytxl0521aaisfa13 4679336 4679289 2026-10-31T17:52:54Z PeterEasthope 660399 /* Email */ Removed unnecessary word. 4679336 wikitext text/x-wiki __TOC__ {{Navigation | Book = Wikibooks:Oberon | previous = The Oberon System, V1 and V2 | next = Linz Oberon, V4 }} <br> ==Links== [[Oberon/ETH_Oberon/sitemap|ETH Oberon Sitemap]], including FAQ<br /> [[Oberon/ETH_Oberon/Tutorial|ETH Oberon Tutorial]], Fischer and Marais<br /> [[Oberon/ETH_Oberon/Ramos|Oberon Channel in Youtube]], Andres Ramos<br /> [[Oberon/ETH_Oberon/white|ETH Oberon White Paper]]<br /> [http://ftp.gwdg.de/pub/languages/oberon/ftp.inf.ethz.ch/ETHOberon/Contrib/ Contributions, formerly served from ETHZ] ==Installing== [[File:Oberon0UnderQEMU.png|thumb|320px|The Oberon0 installer for ETH Oberon running on [[w:QEMU|QEMU]] in [[w:Debian|Debian]] [[w:Linux|Linux]].]] Originally, Oberon was [[Oberon/ETH Oberon/install|installed]] on a bare [[w:32-bit_computing|32 bit]] [[w:I386|i386]] or [[w:I486|i486]] machine using an Oberon0 [[Oberon/ETH Oberon/diskette|diskette]]. The procedure may still interest an enthusiast. In a contemporary system the Oberon0 installer can run on a [[w:Virtual_machine|virtual machine]]. The virtual machine is installed once and can be used for any number of installations. With this method, no time is spent recording and booting from a diskette and the unreliability of diskettes and drives is avoided. The installer runs faster on the virtual machine than it does from a diskette. The method has proven successful in installing ETH Oberon to a variety of laptop and desktop machines including a Micron Trek 2, AGP laptop. Detailed instructions for [[Oberon/ETH Oberon/QEMUinstall|installing with the QEMU hypervisor]] are provided and the instructions can be adapted to other virtual machines. Andres Ramos describes a [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Do2O1yFrnos installation method] where a FAT filesystem on a diskette is used to transfer installation files to the target machine. System configuration notes in [[/QEMUinstall#System_Configuration|QEMU page]] are independent of method of installation. In the original installation notes, configuration is discussed under the heading [[Oberon/ETH_Oberon/install#K|Customization of the installed Native Oberon system]]. In the running ETH Oberon, <code>Script.Open System.Text</code> allows access to section "4. Configuring the system". After installation and configuration on a storage medium, the system can run directly on a native [[w:X86|X86 PC]]. Alternatively, use can continue on the virtual machine. In the native case, a network connection will be over Ethernet or a serial crossover cable. In the virtual case, a network connection uses a [[w:TUN/TAP|TAP]] or [[w:Network_bridge|bridge]] interface connected to the host system. ==A Calendar and a Clock== [[File:OberonDocWithCaret.png|thumb|An Oberon document named Time with the hook caret allowing insertion.]] [[File:OberonTime.png|thumb|Time with the calendar and clock.]] Open an empty Time document with MM on Desktops.OpenDoc Time ~.<br> Set the hook caret by ML in the document.<br> Insert a calendar with MM on Gadgets.Insert Clocks.NewCalendar ~.<br> Insert a clock with MM on Gadgets.Insert Clocks.NewClock ~.<br> MM on [Store].<br> MM on [Close].<br> MM on Edit.Open Oberon.Text ~. Alternatively ET.Open Oberon.Text ~.<br> Above the line { System.OpenLog } insert these three lines. : { Configuration.Marker set 80% 94% } : { Desktops.OpenDoc Time ~ } : { Configuration.Marker set 80% 92% } MM on Edit.Store or ET.Store.<br> MM on System.Reboot. ==Telnet Console== [[w:Telnet|Telnet]] is an insecure protocol but provides a host console in Oberon and in an Oberon sub-system of A2. A host of an Oberon subsystem and a network facing router in a [[w:Local_area_network|LAN]] should have a [[w:Firewall_(computing)|firewall]] such as [[w:Shorewall|Shorewall]]. A telnet server daemon is required on at least one host. This in Debian Linux. sudo apt install openbsd-inetd inetutils-telnetd Configure with this line in /etc/inetd.conf. telnet stream tcp nowait <user> /usr/sbin/tcpd /usr/sbin/telnetd -E /bin/bash Refer to the telnetd manual. <user> must be replaced with the id of the Oberon user. Note the default to no authentication; equivalent to parameter "-a none". Restart the inet daemon. service openbsd-inetd restart Try telnet from within a console in the host. telnet localhost Then in Oberon. Desktops.OpenDoc telnet&#58;//localhost Example of a shell initialization in ~/.bashrc. More explanation is in [https://tldp.org/LDP/Bash-Beginners-Guide/html/sect_03_01.html https://tldp.org/LDP/Bash-Beginners-Guide/html/sect_03_01.html]. export PS1="\w " # Prefix each line with the current path. cd /mnt/A # Locate in the file system. . ~/ShellFunctions # Declare personal utility shell functions. ==Email== [[File:Oberon.Mail.Panel.png|thumb|Mail.Panel in Oberon.]] [[w:Transport_Layer_Security|TLS]] is essential for secure transmission of email and is now routine practice. Oberon supports [[w:Pop3|POP and POP3]] for retrieving e-mail and [[w:Simple_Mail_Transfer_Protocol|SMTP]] for sending it. E-mail can be received from a [[w:smarthost|smarthost]] ''via'' a TLS tunnel and sent ''via'' [[w:Exim|Exim]] or a TLS tunnel.<ref>For ETH Oberon, a host on the LAN can provide Exim and Stunnel. For the Oberon subsystem in A2, Exim and Stunnel can run on localhost.</ref> In ETH Oberon, [[Oberon/ETH_Oberon/Oberon.Text|Oberon.Text]] make these settings. NetSystem = { SMTP = "<host on the LAN>" {* Outgoing local exim4 or TLS tunnel to smarthost. *} POP = "<host on the LAN>" {* TLS tunnel to smarthost for incoming mail. *} ... POPMode &#61; "POP3" &#123;* POP3 or APOP *&#125; EMail &#61; "me@my.domain.name" &#123;* your address *&#125; ... &#125; [[w:List_of_TCP_and_UDP_port_numbers#Well-known_ports|Ports]] 25 for SMTP and 110 for POP are visible in [[../A2/Oberon.Mail.Mod|Oberon.Mail.Mod]]. In A2, [[Oberon/A2#Oberon.Text|Oberon.Text]], or Oberon.<host>.Text if using myaos, make these settings. NetSystem = { SMTP = "localhost" {* Outgoing local exim4 or TLS tunnel to smarthost. *} POP = "localhost" {* TLS tunnel to smarthost for incoming mail. *} ... POPMode &#61; "POP3" &#123;* POP3 or APOP *&#125; EMail &#61; "me@my.domain.name" &#123;* your return address *&#125; ... &#125; Ports are visible in [[../A2/Oberon.Mail.Mod|Oberon.Mail.Mod]]. Install stunnel and configure as in this example. The server name and port, exemplified by my.email.server<nowiki>:</nowiki>995, should be adjusted according to smarthost documentation. &#35;&#160;localhost<nowiki>:</nowiki>[https://www.stunnel.org/static/stunnel.html /etc/stunnel/stunnel.conf] &#35;&#160;Example SSL client mode services &#91;pop3&#93; client &#61; yes accept &#61; localhost<nowiki>:</nowiki>110 connect &#61; my.email.server<nowiki>:</nowiki>995 Hypothetically, systemd should start stunnel. In Debian 11 [https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=826883 a bug] interferes with automatic startup. This line in /etc/crontab may work. @reboot root /bin/stunnel If all else fails, start stunnel interactively with root authority and submit a bug report against the stunnel package. Set POP authentication using NetSystem.SetUser as in this example. NetSystem.SetUser pop<nowiki>:</nowiki>myEmailID<nowiki>:</nowiki>myEmailPassword@my.email.server &#126; The original SetUser command assumed the @ character did not occur in myEmailID or in myEmailPassword. This command, for example, would fail. NetSystem.SetUser pop<nowiki>:</nowiki>me@my.domain.name<nowiki>:</nowiki>r2d2$8Ch@my.email.server &#126; The difficulty is resolved by more thorough parsing in the SetUser command. Retrieve the revised [[Oberon/ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/NetSystem.Mod|NetSystem.Mod]] in ETH Oberon; [[Oberon/A2/Unix.Oberon.NetSystem.Mod|Unix.Oberon.NetSystem.Mod]] in A2. Compile the module. In ETH Oberon. Compiler.Compile NetSystem.Mod ~ In A2 apply the compile button in the editor (menu Files > Files > Unix.Oberon.NetSystem.Mod) or MM on this command. Compiler.Compile Unix.Oberon.NetSystem.Mod ~ Install Exim in the host according to system specific documentation for [https://wiki.debian.org/Exim Debian], [https://forums.fedoraforum.org/showthread.php?282299-Setting-up-an-exim-mail-server Fedora/CentOS] and etc.<ref>The primary [https://www.exim.org/docs.html Exim documentation] is also available.</ref> Exim authenticates to a smarthost according to a password file.<ref>In Debian, /etc/exim4/passwd.client associates a password with each (host, user) pair. Multiple host:user:password specifications are acceptable. The file does not determine the destination chosen by exim for sending a message. Refer to the [https://manpages.debian.org/jessie/exim4-config/exim4-config_files.5.en.html exim4-config_files manual].</ref> Details of configuration for a specific mail server can be obscure. For example, the server can fail to specify [[w:Opportunistic_TLS|STARTTLS]] or [https://www.exim.org/exim-html-current/doc/html/spec_html/ch-encrypted_smtp_connections_using_tlsssl.html TLS on connect]. Before attempting to configure Exim, ambiguities are best resolved using [https://www.jetmore.org/john/code/swaks/ Swaks]. Replace arguments of Swaks options -au, -ap, -f and -t with appropriate values for user, password and email address. Refer to the excellent [https://www.jetmore.org/john/code/swaks/latest/doc/ref.txt manual] for details. A userid pattern commonly used by [[w:Internet_service_provider|ISPs]] is me@my.authentication.domain. swaks -tls &#92; -ao -apt -au me@my.authentication.domain -ap r2d2\$8Ch &#92; -s my.smarthost.com --port 587 &#92; -f me@my.email.address -t me@my.email.address The example password has eight characters; \ is not included in the password but prevents misinterpretation of $8 by the host [[w:Shell (computing)|shell]].<ref name="escape"/> Swaks creates a trivial test message automatically. Arguments of options can be adjusted until transmission succeeds. Confirm transmission by receipt in Oberon as discussed above. ==News Reader== Notes pending. ==Text== These tables show the structure of records in memory representing a Text. When Texts.Store() records a Text in a [[w:Computer file|file]] for a [[w:Computer data storage|storage medium]], the information in the record structure is [[w:serialization|serialized]]. In the inverse process, Texts.Load() deserializes the information to the record structure of the Text in memory. {{:Oberon/ETH Oberon/TextType}} === Texts.FindPiece and the cache === For a given Text, T, and offset pos in [0, T.len), procedure Texts.FindPiece has the task of locating the piece containing pos. At each execution, FindPiece could begin at offset 0 and add lengths of pieces until the piece containing pos is located. A cache based upon T.pce and T.org allows better efficiency. When FindPiece completes a search, the pointer to the found piece is recorded in T.pce; the offset of the first character of that piece is recorded in T.org. The next execution of FindPiece begins at that cached location. With a result from FindPiece often being near the preceeding result, this strategy avoids repeated summation of lengths from the beginning of the first piece. === Text Dataflow in ETH Oberon === This [[w:Data-flow_diagram|dataflow]] example illustrates relationships between Oberon Text, [[w:HTML|HTML]] and [[w:ASCII|ASCII]] text. <div id="DataFlow"></div> <table cellpadding="2" style="text-align: center"> <tr> <td style="border-style: solid; background-color: #F0FFF0;{{Text default color}};">Oberon Text with<br>non-text features</td> <td>Oberon<br>Edit.StoreAscii<br>command<br><div style="font-size: x-large">&#x27F6;</div></td> <td style="border-style: solid; background-color: #F0FFF0;{{Text default color}};">Oberon Text with non<br>-text features omitted</td> <td>&#160;</td> <td>&#160;</td> <td>&#160;</td> <td style="border-style: solid; background-color: #F0FFF0;{{Text default color}};">Oberon Text with non<br>-text features omitted</td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center"> <table cellpadding="2"> <tr><td align="center">Oberon<br>MediaWiki.Markup<br>command</td><td style="font-size: x-large; ">&#x2193;</td></tr> </table> </td> <td>&#160;</td> <td > <table cellpadding="2"> <tr><td style="font-size: x-large">&#x2191;</td><td>Oberon<br>Desktops.OpenDoc<br>command</td></tr> </table> </td> <td>&#160;</td> <td>&#160;</td> <td>&#160;</td> <td align="center> <table cellpadding="2"> <tr align="center"><td style="font-size: x-large">&#x2191;</td><td>Oberon<br>mouse<br>copy</td></tr> </table> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-style: solid; background-color: #F0FFF0;{{Text default color}};; cellpadding: 2">MediaWiki markup with color<br>and syle but hyperlinks<br>and images omitted</td> <td>MediaWiki<br>processor<br><div style="font-size: x-large">&#x27F6;</div></td> <td style="border-style: solid; background-color: #F0FFF0;{{Text default color}};">HTML5 text with<br>text color and style</td> <td>Web<br>&#160;&#160;browser&#160;&#160;<br><div style="font-size: x-large">&#x27F6;</div></td> <td style="border-style: solid; background-color: #F0FFF0;{{Text default color}};">&#160;&#160;&#160;browser&#160;&#160;&#160;<br>&#160;&#160;text</td> <td>Clipboard or<br>Save operation<br><div style="font-size: x-large">&#x27F6;</div></td> <td style="border-style: solid; background-color: #F0FFF0;{{Text default color}};">ASCII<br>text file</td> </tr> </table> Text color and style, images and hyperlinks are lost by conversion of browser text to ASCII. Consequently the rightmost Oberon Text has the same appearance as plain ASCII text. Text color and style can assist with reading and understanding a source but compilation is not influenced by color and style. ==Potential Developments== * A fresh release with bug fixes and improvements, posted on a [https://sourceforge.net/projects/nativeoberon/files/nativeoberon/Oberon0%20boot%20disk/ public server]. * Improved support of [[w:Unicode|Unicode]]. * [[w:Huffman_encoding|Huffman coding]] in [[w:Jpg|JPEG]]. * Improved HTML support. Support for styling and tables, for example. * [[w:Portable_Network_Graphics|PNG]]. * [[w:Transport_Layer_Security|SSL]] based upon existing cryptography modules. * [[w:Touchscreen|Touchscreen]] support. ==Module Sources== The last release of ETH_Oberon at the ETHZ was 2.3.7. At bootup, release date 2003-01-05<ref name="iso8601">[[w:ISO_8601|ISO 8601 date format.]]</ref> is announced in the System.Log. [https://sourceforge.net/projects/nativeoberon/files/nativeoberon/ Sourceforge] has the file "{{color|green|Native Oberon 2.3.7 Alpha/NativeOberon_2.3.7.tar.gz}}" and bootable installer images in "{{color|green|Oberon0 boot disk/}}". Package structure is in [[Oberon/ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/Native.Tool|Native.Tool]]. Sources are also available at [https://github.com/schierlm/NativeOberon-2.3.6-Extracted https://github.com/schierlm/NativeOberon-2.3.6-Extracted] in the directory {{color|green|FullInstall_ASCII}}. Sources and Tools remain under the [[Oberon#ETH_Oberon_License|ETH Oberon License]]. === Module Sources in System Package === The System Package contains approximately 170 modules. Refer to [[Oberon/ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/Native.Tool|Native.Tool]]. {| class="wikitable" |+ ! Release 2.3.7 !! Wikibook variant<ref name="compare">Compare ETHZ and wikibook sources using Diff.Do in Oberon or the [[Oberon#Comparing_Versions_and_Pages|MediaWiki facility]] described on the front page.</ref> !! Notes |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/ATADisks.Mod|ATADisks.Mod]] | [[../ETH_Oberon/ATADisks.Mod|ATADisks.Mod]] | Support for Compact Flash added. |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/Compiler.Mod|Compiler.Mod]] | | |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/Dialer.Mod|Dialer.Mod]] | [[../ETH_Oberon/Dialer.Mod|Dialer.Mod]] | Dialer.Dial modified to support the ringback protocol as provided by [http://mgetty.greenie.net mgetty]. Refer to the [[../ETH_Oberon/Dialer|Dialer]] page. |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/DisplayLinear.Mod|DisplayLinear.Mod]] | | |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/Displays.Display.Mod|Displays.Display.Mod]] | | |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/Displays.Mod|Displays.Mod]] | | |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/Empty.Display.Mod|Empty.Display.Mod]] | | |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/FTP.Mod|FTP.Mod]] | [[../ETH_Oberon/FTP.Mod|FTP.Mod]] | |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/GD54xx.Display.Mod|GD54xx.Display.Mod]] | | |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/Input.Mod|Input.Mod]] | [[../ETH_Oberon/Input.Mod|Input.Mod]] | |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/NetSystem.Mod|NetSystem.Mod]] | | |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/OGLDisplay.Mod|OGLDisplay.Mod]] | | |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/Objects.Mod|Objects.Mod]] | | |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/PPPDebug.Mod|PPPDebug.Mod]] | | |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/PPPFSM.Mod|PPPFSM.Mod]] | [[../ETH_Oberon/PPPFSM.Mod|PPPFSM.Mod]] | |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/PPPHDLC.Mod|PPPHDLC.Mod]] | [[../ETH_Oberon/PPPHDLC.Mod|PPPHDLC.Mod]] | |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/PPPIPCP.Mod|PPPIPCP.Mod]] | [[../ETH_Oberon/PPPIPCP.Mod|PPPIPCP.Mod]] | |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/PPPLCP.Mod|PPPLCP.Mod]] | [[../ETH_Oberon/PPPLCP.Mod|PPPLCP.Mod]] | |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/PPPMain.Mod|PPPMain.Mod]] | [[../ETH_Oberon/PPPMain.Mod|PPPMain.Mod]] | |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/PPPPAP.Mod|PPPPAP.Mod]] | | |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/PPPTest.Mod|PPPTest.Mod]] | | |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/PPPTools.Mod|PPPTools.Mod]] | [[../ETH_Oberon/PPPTools.Mod|PPPTools.Mod]] | |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/PSPrinter.Mod|PSPrinter.Mod]] | | |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/S3C805.Display.Mod|S3C805.Display.Mod]] | | |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/S3C924.Display.Mod|S3C924.Display.Mod]] | | |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/S3Trio.Display.Mod|S3Trio.Display.Mod]] | | |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/SVGA.Display.Mod|SVGA.Display.Mod]] | | |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/Texts.Mod|Texts.Mod]] | | |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/VGA.Display.Mod|VGA.Display.Mod]] | | |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/W32.Display.Mod|W32.Display.Mod]] | | |} === Module Sources in Gadgets Package === {| class="wikitable" |+ ! Release 2.3.7 !! Wikibook variant<ref name="compare">Compare ETHZ and wikibook sources using Diff.Do in Oberon or the [[Oberon#Comparing_Versions_and_Pages|MediaWiki facility]] described on the front page.</ref> !! Notes |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/Display3.Mod|Display3.Mod]] | | |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/Displays.Colors.Mod|Displays.Colors.Mod]] | | |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/Mail.Mod|Mail.Mod]] | [[../ETH_Oberon/Mail.Mod|Mail.Mod]] | |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/FTPDocs.Mod|FTPDocs.Mod]] | | |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/HTMLDocs.Mod|HTMLDocs.Mod]] | | |} === Module Source in Apps1 Package === {| class="wikitable" |+ ! Release 2.3.7 !! Wikibook variant<ref name="compare">Compare ETHZ and wikibook sources using Diff.Do in Oberon or the [[Oberon#Comparing_Versions_and_Pages|MediaWiki facility]] described on the front page.</ref> !! Notes |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/GfxDisplay.Mod|GfxDisplay.Mod]] | | |} === Module Sources in Apps2 Package === {| class="wikitable" |+ ! Release 2.3.7 !! Wikibook variant<ref name="compare">Compare ETHZ and wikibook sources using Diff.Do in Oberon or the [[Oberon#Comparing_Versions_and_Pages|MediaWiki facility]] described on the front page.</ref> !! Notes |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/HTML.Mod|HTML.Mod]] | [[../ETH_Oberon/HTML.Mod|HTML.Mod]] | |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/Sort.Mod|Sort.Mod]] | | |} === Module Sources in Documentation Package === {| class="wikitable" |+ ! Release 2.3.7 !! Wikibook variant<ref name="compare">Compare ETHZ and wikibook sources using Diff.Do in Oberon or the [[Oberon#Comparing_Versions_and_Pages|MediaWiki facility]] described on the front page.</ref> !! Notes |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/Examples.Mod|Examples.Mod]] | | |} === Module Sources in Build Package === {| class="wikitable" |+ ! Release 2.3.7 !! Wikibook variant<ref name="compare">Compare ETHZ and wikibook sources using Diff.Do in Oberon or the [[Oberon#Comparing_Versions_and_Pages|MediaWiki facility]] described on the front page.</ref> !! Notes |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/DisplayMach64.Mod|DisplayMach64.Mod]] | | |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/DisplayTool.Mod|DisplayTool.Mod]] | | |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/DisplayVGA4.Mod|DisplayVGA4.Mod]] | | |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/S3TrioC.Display.Mod|S3TrioC.Display.Mod]] | | |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/SVGAH.Display.Mod|SVGAH.Display.Mod]] | | |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/SVGAL.Display.Mod|SVGAL.Display.Mod]] | | |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/Trace.Display.Mod|Trace.Display.Mod]] | | |} === Module Source in Lab Package === {| class="wikitable" |+ ! Release 2.3.7 !! Wikibook variant<ref name="compare">Compare ETHZ and wikibook sources using Diff.Do in Oberon or the [[Oberon#Comparing_Versions_and_Pages|MediaWiki facility]] described on the front page.</ref> !! Notes |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/DisplayBackdrop.Mod|DisplayBackdrop.Mod]] | | |} <!-- === Sources of SSH Modules === The SSH modules for ETH Oberon were written by [http://www.informatik.uni-bremen.de/~fld/ Guenter Feldmann]. {| class="wikitable" |+ ! Release 2.3.7 !! Wikibook variant<ref name="compare">Compare ETHZ and wikibook sources using Diff.Do in Oberon or the [[Oberon#Comparing_Versions_and_Pages|MediaWiki facility]] described on the front page.</ref> !! Notes |- | | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/SSHTransport.Mod|SSHTransport.Mod]] | |} --> === Source for Additional Module === {| class="wikitable" |+ ! Release 2.3.7 !! Wikibook variant<ref name="compare">Compare ETHZ and wikibook sources using Diff.Do in Oberon or the [[Oberon#Comparing_Versions_and_Pages|MediaWiki facility]] described on the front page.</ref> !! Notes |- | | [[../ETH_Oberon/MediaWiki.Mod|MediaWiki.Mod]] | Translation of Oberon Text to MediaWiki markup. |} {{BookCat}} ==Texts== {| class="wikitable" |+ ! Release 2.3.7 !! Wikibook variant<ref name="compare"/> !! Notes |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/Oberon.Text|Oberon.Text]] | [[../ETH_Oberon/Oberon.Text|Oberon.Text]] | Edit according to local requirements and preferences. |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/References.Text|References.Text]] | | |} ==Tools== {| class="wikitable" |+ ! Release 2.3.7 !! Wikibook variant<ref name="compare"/> !! Notes |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/Compiler.Tool|Compiler.Tool]] | &#160; | &#160; |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/FTP.Tool|FTP.Tool]] | &#160; | &#160; |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/Native.Tool|Native.Tool]] | &#160; | &#160; |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/PPP.Tool|PPP.Tool]] | &#160; | &#160; |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/Sort.Tool|Sort.Tool]] | &#160; | &#160; |- | [[../ETH_Oberon/2.3.7/Tutorials.Tool|Tutorials.Tool]] | &#160; | &#160; |} ==Footnotes== {{Reflist|refs= <ref name="escape">No [[w:Escape character|escape character]] is involved in Oberon.</ref> }} <br> {{Navigation | Book = Wikibooks:Oberon | previous = The Oberon System, V1 and V2 | next = Linz Oberon, V4 }} {{BookCat}} 2efhhho4tvm9t1gi1vmovtifb8fyiox User:Daviddaved/Cauchy matrices 2 391950 4679308 3323269 2026-10-31T16:28:19Z Xqbot 3136628 Fixing double redirect from [[On 2D Inverse Problems/Cauchy matrices]] to [[On 2D Inverse Problems/Radial#Cauchy matrices]] 4679308 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[On 2D Inverse Problems/Radial#Cauchy matrices]] 05tuglg7iwajbiwjowf8a30kzma5vyt User:Daviddaved/Electrical networks 2 391960 4679309 3323271 2026-10-31T16:28:24Z Xqbot 3136628 Fixing double redirect from [[On 2D Inverse Problems/Electrical networks]] to [[On 2D Inverse Problems/Basic definitions and background#Electrical networks]] 4679309 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[On 2D Inverse Problems/Basic definitions and background#Electrical networks]] b945hgmudxiok8y40rpn9tkuk0uxcvf User:Daviddaved/Kernel of Dirichlet-to-Neumann map 2 391969 4679310 3323273 2026-10-31T16:28:29Z Xqbot 3136628 Fixing double redirect from [[On 2D Inverse Problems/Kernel of Dirichlet-to-Neumann map]] to [[On 2D Inverse Problems/Two models#of Dirichlet-to-Neumann map]] 4679310 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[On 2D Inverse Problems/Two models#of Dirichlet-to-Neumann map]] 1dqvlt8vv6n7gv1reruri03m257r0da User:Daviddaved/Pick-Nevanlinna interpolation 2 391983 4679311 3323274 2026-10-31T16:28:34Z Xqbot 3136628 Fixing double redirect from [[On 2D Inverse Problems/Pick-Nevanlinna interpolation]] to [[On 2D Inverse Problems/Radial#Pick-Nevanlinna interpolation]] 4679311 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[On 2D Inverse Problems/Radial#Pick-Nevanlinna interpolation]] pbw390xg3kqtsnc2kk7tm6rmindjyxd User:Daviddaved/Printed Version/Solution of the inverse problem 2 391987 4679312 3323275 2026-10-31T16:28:39Z Xqbot 3136628 Fixing double redirect from [[On 2D Inverse Problems/Solution of the layered inverse problem]] to [[On 2D Inverse Problems/Radial#Solutions of the problem]] 4679312 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[On 2D Inverse Problems/Radial#Solutions of the problem]] cyvfnsj7ptduh204xkqntv4445ueyyz User:Daviddaved/Printed Version/Two new spectral theorems 2 391990 4679313 3323276 2026-10-31T16:28:44Z Xqbot 3136628 Fixing double redirect from [[On 2D Inverse Problems/Two new spectral theorems]] to [[On 2D Inverse Problems/Embedded#Two new spectral theorems]] 4679313 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[On 2D Inverse Problems/Embedded#Two new spectral theorems]] bqnc19ag13veb33a3sdy3t9e0m8zlxe User:Daviddaved/Schrodinger equation 2 391992 4679314 3323278 2026-10-31T16:28:49Z Xqbot 3136628 Fixing double redirect from [[On 2D Inverse Problems/Schrodinger equation]] to [[On 2D Inverse Problems/Two models#Schrodinger equation]] 4679314 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[On 2D Inverse Problems/Two models#Schrodinger equation]] qyau9x6091ell2flb42ky1y0rr4qqf8 User:Daviddaved/Solution of the inverse problem 2 391993 4679315 3323279 2026-10-31T16:28:54Z Xqbot 3136628 Fixing double redirect from [[On 2D Inverse Problems/Solution of the inverse problem]] to [[On 2D Inverse Problems/Radial#Solutions of the problem]] 4679315 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[On 2D Inverse Problems/Radial#Solutions of the problem]] cyvfnsj7ptduh204xkqntv4445ueyyz User:Daviddaved/The inverse problems 2 392000 4679316 3323280 2026-10-31T16:28:59Z Xqbot 3136628 Fixing double redirect from [[On 2D Inverse Problems/The inverse problems]] to [[On 2D Inverse Problems/Basic definitions and background#The inverse problems]] 4679316 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[On 2D Inverse Problems/Basic definitions and background#The inverse problems]] m5jaso3ms3y10h32je7xxgc0yd4gg4b User:Daviddaved/Variation diminition property 2 392006 4679317 3323282 2026-10-31T16:29:04Z Xqbot 3136628 Fixing double redirect from [[On 2D Inverse Problems/Variation diminishing property]] to [[On 2D Inverse Problems/Two models#Variation diminishing]] 4679317 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[On 2D Inverse Problems/Two models#Variation diminishing]] t38i3o8bb5mumn1tj6ym2rii0rj5nnc Imperialism: a black and white issue? 0 403789 4679440 4627747 2026-11-01T10:26:02Z MathXplore 3097823 Added {{[[Template:BookCat|BookCat]]}} using [[User:1234qwer1234qwer4/BookCat.js|BookCat.js]] 4679440 wikitext text/x-wiki {{broadsheet}} [[/introduction|introduction]] [[/Chapter1]] [[/Chapter2]] References # Jensen AR. Comments on correlations of IQ with skin color and geographic–demographic variables, ''Intelligence''. 2006;34(2): 128–131. Available from: https://ac.els-cdn.com/S0160289605000929/1-s2.0-S0160289605000929-main.pdf?_tid=f45ac98f-d735-405b-bb43-709a05237239&acdnat=1544188032_9391fa0348ebdb234026bdf9de8534b3 [Accessed 30 November 2018]. # Wood J, Cracknell R. Social and General Statistics Section. "Ethnic Minorities in Politics, Government and Public Life". 2013. Available from: https://www.ukren.org/uploads/sn01156.pdf [Accessed 28 November 2018]. # Gabriel D. ''Layers of Blackness: Colourism in the African Diaspora.'' London: Imani Media; 2007. # Kant I. On the Different Races of Man. In: Eze EC. (ed.) ''Race and the Enlightenment: A Reader.'' (38-64). Cambridge, Mass: Blackwell; 1997. # Torin. The Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History. ''Historical Context: The Global Effect of World War I''. Available from: https://www.gilderlehrman.org/content/historical-context-facts-about-slave-trade-and-slavery [Accessed 4 December 2018]. # Bodenhorn, H. & Ruebeck, C.S. J Popul Econ. ''Colourism and African–american wealth: evidence from the nineteenth-century south''. 2007; 20: (599-620). Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00148-006-0111-x # Frazier EF. ''Black bourgeoisie''. Glencoe, Illinois: The Free Press; 1957. # Harrison, Matthew S. ''Racism in the 21st Century: An Empirical Analysis of Skin Color.'' New York: Springer-Verlag New York Inc.; 2010. # Maxine S. Thompson, Verna M. Keith. ''The blacker the berry, Gender, Skin tone, Self-Esteem and Self-Efficacy.'' June 1, 2001. p.&nbsp;347. # Abraham MR. "Dark is beautiful: the battle to end the world's obsession with lighter skin". Available from: https://www.theguardian.com/inequality/2017/sep/04/dark-is-beautiful-battle-to-end-worlds-obsession-with-lighter-skin [Accessed 6 December 2018]. # Kaul C. ''From Empire to Independence: The British Raj in India 1858-1947, The Government.'' Available from: http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/modern/independence1947_01.shtml [Accessed 4 December 2018] # Mishra N. Washington University Global Studies Law Review, ''Global Perspectives on Colorism (Symposium Edition)'', “India and Colorism: The Finer Nuances”. 2015;14(4). Available from: https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1553&context=law_globalstudies [Accessed 2 December 2018]. # Patel RK. ''A Conjoint Analysis of Consumer Preferences for Fairness Creams among Small Towns Located near Ahmedabad City''. 2014;2(3). Available from: http://internationaljournals.co.in/pdf/giirj/2014/march/2.pdf  [Accessed 4 December 2018]. {{BookCat}} ejbvzy19k6dmp0g9ig8ry2qf47tt4n0 On 2D Inverse Problems/redial 0 410555 4679374 4675916 2026-11-01T00:11:23Z DVD206 724793 up to date 4679374 wikitext text/x-wiki Happy Halloween holiday season and timeline... "Why do mathematicians celebrate dec.25th on oct.31st?" An answer: 31 = 8*3+1=25 base 8!? From the Fibonacci sequence: 55^2=2026+999=3025=34*89-1, 45^2=2026-1=(1+2+3...+9)^2 The years, <math>\det\begin{pmatrix} A & B \\ C & D\end{pmatrix}=AD-BC.</math> <includeonly>ℳ♥</includeonly> {{BookCat}} 1hhhpljcd99nugn6nzv97etsaa3zzw7 Create Vampires 0 415358 4679350 4678615 2026-10-31T19:41:28Z 3MMPEYTON 3393808 /* Vampires Of The Imagination */ 4679350 wikitext text/x-wiki <br>''Create Vampires'' is a book intended as a guide to avoid literary pitfalls, and as a nonfiction resource for those fascinated by vampires. This book examines vampires through a cultural, literary, and historical lens to help writers create authentic vampire narratives. == Vampires ''Of The Imagination'' == Although vampires are creatures of folklore, monsters from the ''afterlife'' that are sometimes called the "undead," vampires are uniquely different from ghost, those lingering spirits who refuse to die. Although vampires, by definition, are animated corpses, most vampires ''of the imagination'' must feed on human blood in order to continue their earthly existence. This unique quality makes vampires a popular and original type of fiction, slightly different from other creatures found in folklore. Because of their unique characteristics, vampires have become massively popular in popular culture and in literature. We hope this book will clear up many misconceptions, and common misunderstandings associated with the "undead," especially a common confusion ''about'' the actual people who did inspire vampire folklore, verses the evolved horror creations called vampires of the imagination. '''Create Vampires''' aims to treat vampires as a cultural, literary and historical construct. Perhaps ''Create Vampires'' should be considered a friendly craft-manual for building a believable vampire concept, available across different medias. == Preface: The Factual Roots Of Vampires == <br /> {| class="wikitable" |- ! Factual Basis For Vampires? |- | [[/Factual Basis For Vampires/]] is a special page intended to offer information about the factual bases for vampires. |} <br> '''What Type Of Book Is This?''' <br /> {| class="wikitable" |- ! '''Create Vampires''' is one of many free Wikibooks |- | Wikibooks.org is a part of the Wikimedia project. Writers and contributors are volunteers who cull through websites, <BR> use online search engines to find facts, and volunteer to work on special projects that are open to the public. <BR> Volunteers are people who write, edit, and help people understand the powerful tools at their fingertips. <br> |} <br> "You shall not eat the blood of any flesh at all, because the life of the flesh is in the blood, and whosoever eateth it shall be cut off." - The Bible, Leviticus, chapter 17, verse 14. <br> <br> {| class="wikitable" |- ! Edvard Munch - Love and Pain / Vampire (1895) || "Les Vampires" |- | [[File:Edvard Munch - Vampire (1895) - Google Art Project.jpg|thumb|Edvard Munch - Vampire (1895) - Google Art Project]] || [[File:Les vampires.jpg|thumb|Les vampires]] |} == All About Vampires == '''Not All Links Work''' {| class="wikitable" |- ! Table Of Content |- | Introduction: [[Create Vampires/Original Fictional Creations|"Original Fictional Creations"]] |- | Proper Spelling: [[Create Vampires/Vam-Pai-Yer|"How do you spell vampire?]] |- | [[Create Vampires/Alternative Spelling| "Alternative Spellings"]] |- | What ''Is'' A Vampire? [[Create Vampires/A Definition For Vampire|Create Vampires /A Definition For Vampire - Wikibooks, open books for an open world]] |- | Why Create A Vampire? : [[Create Vampires/Why Create Vampires|Create Vampires/Why Create Vampires - Wikibooks, open books for an open world]] |- |- '''Cultural Origins''' |- |'''Cultural Vampire Construct''' |- |What Is A Cultural Construct? - [[Create Vampires/Cultural Construct|Create Vampires/Cultural Construct - Wikibooks, open books for an open world]] |- | '''Vampire Folklore:''' [[Create Vampires/Historical And Cross Cultural Origins Of Vampire Archetypes|Create Vampires/Historical And Cross Cultural Origins Of Vampire Archetypes - Wikibooks]] |- | African Folklore: [[Create Vampires/African Folklore|Create Vampires/African Folklore - Wikibooks, open books for an open world]] |- | Latin-American Folklore: [[Create Vampires/Latin American Folklore|Create Vampires/Latin American Folklore - Wikibooks, open books for an open world]] |- | Asian Folklore: [[Create Vampires/Asian Folklore#Asian Folklore|Create Vampires/Asian Folklore - Wikibooks, open books for an open world]] |- |[[Create Vampires/Asian Folklore Part Two|Create Vampires/Asian Folklore Part Two - Wikibooks, open books for an open world]] |- |Eastern Folklore: [[Create Vampires/Eastern European Folklore| "Eastern European Folklore"]] |- | Eastern Folklore: [[Create Vampires/Dracula Behind Vlad-The Impaler|Create Vampires/Dracula Behind Vlad-The Impaler - Wikibooks, open books for an open world]] |- |Oceanian Folklore: [[Create Vampires/Oceanian Folklore|Create Vampires/Oceanian Folklore - Wikibooks, open books for an open world]] |- |[[Create Vampires/How Cultural Traditions Shaped Vampire Traits|Create Vampires/How Cultural Traditions Shaped Vampire Traits - Wikibooks, open books for an open world]] |- |- '''Literary Construct''' |- |'''Literary Construct''' |- |[[Create Vampires/Literary Construction|Create Vampires/Literary Construction - Wikibooks, open books for an open world]] |- |What Is A Literary Trope? [[Create Vampires/What Is A Literary Trope]] |- | Literary And Media Pitfalls To Avoid: [[Create Vampires/Examples Of Literary Pitfalls|Create Vampires/Examples Of Literary Pitfalls - Wikibooks, open books for an open world]] |- | Authors Who Created Influential Vampires Of The Imagination: [[Create Vampires/Authors Who Created Vampire Tropes]] |- | [[Create Vampires/writers who did not create vampires| "Writers Who Did Not Create Vampires"]] |- |[[Create Vampires/Vampires In Poetry|Create Vampires/Vampires In Poetry - Wikibooks, open books for an open world]] |- |[[Create Vampires/Vampire Historic Fiction|Create Vampires/Vampire Historic Fiction - Wikibooks, open books for an open world]] |- |[[Create Vampires/Dracula|Create Vampires/Dracula - Wikibooks, open books for an open world]] |- |[[Create Vampires/How Popular Are Vampires|Create Vampires/How Popular Are Vampires - Wikibooks, open books for an open world]] |- | Popular Culture: [[Create Vampires/Vampires In Popular Culture|Create Vampires/Vampires In Popular Culture - Wikibooks, open books for an open world]] |- | Vampire Memes? [[Create Vampires/Vampires Memes|Create Vampires/Vampires Memes - Wikibooks, open books for an open world]] |- |'''Are Vampires Real? Historical Construct''' [[Create Vampires/What Is A Historical Construct|Create Vampires/What Is A Historical Construct - Wikibooks, open books]] |- |[[Create Vampires/Factual Basis For Vampires]] |- |[[Create Vampires/Historical Construction|Create Vampires/Historical Construction - Wikibooks, open books for an open world]] |- |History of Vampires: [[Create Vampires/Vampire History]] |- | [[Create Vampires/Scientific Evidence| "Science and Vampirism"]] |- | For Vampires: [[Create Vampires/Scientific Evidence For Vampires| "Scientific Evidence For Vampires"]] |- | Against Vampires: [[Create Vampires/Scientific Evidence Against Vampirism| "Scientific Evidence Against Vampires"]] |- |- Are Vampires Real? Historical Construct |- | [[Create Vampires/Ethics Of Creating Vampire Lore|Create Vampires/Ethics Of Creating Vampire Lore - Wikibooks, open books for an open world]] |- |'''Women As Vampires:''' [[Create Vampires/Women As Vampires|Create Vampires/Women As Vampires - Wikibooks, open books for an open world]] |- | Closing: [[Create Vampires/All About Vampires|Create Vampires /All About Vampires - Wikibooks, open books for an open world]] |- | Information for Spanish speakers: [[:es:Vampiro|"Vampiro"]] |- | Writing Tips: [[Create Vampires/Writing Vampire Prose| "Writing Vampire Prose"]] |- |Public Domain Primary Sources: [[Create Vampires/PublicDomainPrimarySources]] |- | [[:Category:Book:Create Vampires|List of All Pages in This Book]] |} == Reference == {{WikipediaCredit}} <br /> {{Shelves|Literature|Paranormal|Cultural anthropology}} {{Status|75%}} m97gekug4h1584uhijfha4qybck6shz Create Vampires/Eastern European Folklore 0 415796 4679356 4678052 2026-10-31T20:29:02Z 3MMPEYTON 3393808 /* Eastern European Vampires and Folk Beliefs */ 4679356 wikitext text/x-wiki == Eastern European Vampires and Folk Beliefs == According to [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vampire "Wikipedia:Vampire"][1] <br> <br> The notion of vampirism has existed for millennia. Cultures such as the Mesopotamians, Hebrews, Ancient Greeks, Manipuri and Romans had tales of demons and spirits which are considered precursors to modern vampires. Despite the occurrence of vampiric creatures in these ancient civilizations, the folklore for the entity known today as the vampire originates almost exclusively from early 18th-century southeastern Europe, when verbal traditions of many ethnic groups of the region were recorded and published. [2] In most cases, vampires are revenants of evil beings, suicide victims, or witches, but they can also be created by a malevolent spirit possessing a corpse or by being bitten by a vampire. Belief in such legends became so pervasive that in some areas it caused mass hysteria and even public executions of people believed to be vampires.[3] <br> <br> {| class="wikitable" |- ! References: |- | 1. Wikipedia contributors. "Vampire." Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, 27 May. 2020. Web. 31 May. 2020. |- | 2. Silver, A., & Ursini, J. (1997). The Vampire Film: From Nosferatu to Interview with the Vampire (pp. 22–23). New York: Limelight Editions |- | 3. Cohen, pp. 271–74. |} == Eastern European Folklore == <br> <br> {| class="wikitable" |- | [[File:Русские народные сказки Билибин.jpg|thumb|Русские народные сказки Билибин]] || [[File:Grandmother and the granddaughter.jpg|thumb|Grandmother and the granddaughter]] |} {| class="wikitable" |- | Map of Europe in 1923 || Map of Eastern Europe |- | [[File:Europe in 1923.jpg|thumb|Europe in 1923]] || [[File:1513 map of Poland, Baltic, Hungary and Eastern Europe by Martin Waldseemüller.jpg|thumb|1513 map of Poland, Baltic, Hungary and Eastern Europe by Martin Waldseemüller]] |} <br> Although stories about ghosts and demons may have haunted ancient society, stories of a uniquely original creature of the imagination began to be told, originating around parts of Eastern Europe. According to Wikipedia, "The Persians were one of the first civilizations to have tales of blood-drinking demons: creatures attempting to drink blood from men were depicted on excavated pottery shards." [4.1] <br> '''<u>Section From Wikipedia</u>: Eighteenth Century Vampire Controversy''' During the 18th century, there was a frenzy of vampire sightings in Eastern Europe, with frequent stakings and grave diggings to identify and kill the potential revenants. Even government officials engaged in the hunting and staking of vampires.[4.2] Despite being called the Age of Enlightenment, during which most folkloric legends were quelled, the belief in vampires increased dramatically, resulting in a mass hysteria throughout most of Europe.[5] The panic began with an outbreak of alleged vampire attacks in East Prussia in 1721 and in the Habsburg Monarchy from 1725 to 1734, which spread to other localities. Two infamous vampire cases, the first to be officially recorded, involved the corpses of Petar Blagojevich and Miloš Čečar from Serbia. Blagojevich was reported to have died at the age of 62, but allegedly returned after his death asking his son for food. When the son refused, he was found dead the following day. Blagojevich supposedly returned and attacked some neighbors who died from loss of blood.[4.2] In the second case, Miloš, an ex-soldier-turned-farmer who allegedly was attacked by a vampire years before, died while haying. After his death, people began to die in the surrounding area and it was widely believed that Miloš had returned to prey on the neighbors.[6][7] Another infamous Serbian vampire legend recounts the story of a certain Sava Savanović, who lives in a watermill and kills and drinks blood from the millers. The character was later used in a story written by Serbian writer Milovan Glišić and in the Yugoslav 1973 horror film Leptirica inspired by the story.[8] The two incidents were well-documented. Government officials examined the bodies, wrote case reports, and published books throughout Europe.[7] The hysteria, commonly referred to as the "18th-Century Vampire Controversy", raged for a generation. The problem was exacerbated by rural epidemics of so-called vampire attacks, undoubtedly caused by the higher amount of superstition that was present in village communities, with locals digging up bodies and in some cases, staking them.[9] <br><br> {| class="wikitable" |- ! Wikipedia: Eighteenth century vampire controversy |- |4.1 Marigny, Jean (1993). Sang pour Sang, Le Reveil des vampires, Gallimard, coll. Gallimard. p. 14 {{ISBN|978-2-07-053203-2}} |- | 4.2 Barber, pp. 5–9. |- | 5. Cohen, pp. 271–74. |- | 6. Jøn, A. Asbjørn (2003). "Vampire Evolution". METAphor (3): 20. Retrieved 20 November 2015. |- | 7. Barber, pp. 15–21. |- | 8. Ruthven, Suzanne (2014). Charnel House Blues: The Vampyre's Tale. John Hunt Publishing. {{#isbn:978-1-78279-415-8}}. |- | 9. Hoyt, pp. 101–06 |} <br> <br> The modern vampire is drawn from folklore developed during the Middle Ages. Many stories originated in Eastern Europe among the Slavic people. Transylvania, a Roman providence, was once invaded by early Slavic tribes. Folklore centers around the upyr, a reanimated corpse that leaves its grave to cause trouble among the living. Slavic vampires looked like rotting corpses. They were described as having a dark-reddish complexion, probably engorged with blood. <u> '''European Vampire-Like "Beings"''' </u> '''''Mullo'' -- Romani Vampire''' Appearance: They appear human, were white clothes, and have hair that grew to their feet. They have a physical oddity. Nature: They have returned from the dead. They are malicious. Vampiric Activity: They attack by strangling, or by sucking the blood out of their victims. Weakness: A Dhampir is hired to detect the vampire. To kill a mullo, drive steel or iron needles into the corpse's heart, place steel bits in the mouth, ears, over the eyes, and between the fingers at the burial. Hawthorn can kill them, if it is placed in the corpse's sock, or if a hawthorn stake is driven through the legs. Other methods include decapitation of the corpse, or burning it. [[wikipedia:Mullo_(vampire)|Mullo (vampire) - Wikipedia]] '''''Nachzehrer'' -- German Folklore Creature''' Appearance: They appear like the recently deceased. Nature: Revenant Vampiric Activity: They are able to drain their victims lifeforce from a distance. Abilities: They are able to drag the living after it into death. [[wikipedia:Nachzehrer|Nachzehrer - Wikipedia]] <br> '''''Strigoi''''' '''-- Mythical Romanian Vampire''' <br> <br> Appearance: They appear human male, bald on top of the head. In some accounts, their spine is elongated in the shape of a tail, covered in hair. <br> <br> Nature: They are malicious spirits or witch. <br> <br> Vampiric Activity: The blood of their victims can give them energy. <br> <br> Abilities: They are reported as being able to rise up from the grave. Transform into a monster. Can become invisible. <br> <br> Weakness: They avoid garlic or onions, they avoid incense. They can be killed by searching their grave, while an order is read over them by a priest, and a yew, oak, or branch is stuck in their heart, pierced with a nail or knife, in order to remain bound in the coffin. <br> <br>[[wikipedia:Strigoi|Strigoi - Wikipedia]] '''''Upir'' -- Slavic Folklore "Being"''' Appearance : They arrive at night, carrying their heads in their arms. Described in some accounts, as having glowing, wolf-like eyes. They have two hearts and two souls. Nature: Demonic. An unclean spirit. Malicious. Vampiric Activity: They attack by night to drink blood from the living, which is needed to sustain their decomposing bodies. Abilities: They attack at night and can make their victims suffocate, or sleepwalk. Weakness: To prevent upiors, dead bodies had garlic, bricks, or iron placed in their mouths before burial. Branches of hawthorn, or wild roses were placed in their coffins. Sprinkling the coffin with poppy seeds. [[wikipedia:Upiór|Upiór - Wikipedia]] '''''Vrykolakas'' -- Greek Folklore Creature''' Appearance: Ruddy complexion. Nature: Vampiric, zombie, or ghoul. Vampiric Activity: Feeds off human life: eats flesh, particularly livers. Abilities: Can suffocate the sleeping by sitting on them. Weakness: Saturday, which is the only day a vrykolaka sleeps. Starvation. [[wikipedia:Vrykolakas|Vrykolakas - Wikipedia]] <br> <br> <noinclude>{{Chapter navigation with TOC||Dracula Behind Vlad-The Impaler|TOC mini}}</noinclude> <br> {{BookCat}} eys3cv3juz9xjxir120o7igf67yaezt 4679357 4679356 2026-10-31T20:31:54Z 3MMPEYTON 3393808 4679357 wikitext text/x-wiki == Eastern European Vampires and Folk Beliefs == According to [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vampire "Wikipedia:Vampire"][1] <br> <br> The notion of vampirism has existed for millennia. Cultures such as the Mesopotamians, Hebrews, Ancient Greeks, Manipuri and Romans had tales of demons and spirits which are considered precursors to modern vampires. Despite the occurrence of vampiric creatures in these ancient civilizations, the folklore for the entity known today as the vampire originates almost exclusively from early 18th-century southeastern Europe, when verbal traditions of many ethnic groups of the region were recorded and published. [2] In most cases, vampires are revenants of evil beings, suicide victims, or witches, but they can also be created by a malevolent spirit possessing a corpse or by being bitten by a vampire. Belief in such legends became so pervasive that in some areas it caused mass hysteria and even public executions of people believed to be vampires.[3] <br> <br> {| class="wikitable" |- ! References: |- | 1. Wikipedia contributors. "Vampire." Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, 27 May. 2020. Web. 31 May. 2020. |- | 2. Silver, A., & Ursini, J. (1997). The Vampire Film: From Nosferatu to Interview with the Vampire (pp. 22–23). New York: Limelight Editions |- | 3. Cohen, pp. 271–74. |} == Eastern European Folklore == <br> <br> {| class="wikitable" |- | [[File:Русские народные сказки Билибин.jpg|thumb|Русские народные сказки Билибин]] || [[File:Grandmother and the granddaughter.jpg|thumb|Grandmother and the granddaughter]] |} {| class="wikitable" |- | Map of Europe in 1923 || Map of Eastern Europe |- | [[File:Europe in 1923.jpg|thumb|Europe in 1923]] || [[File:1513 map of Poland, Baltic, Hungary and Eastern Europe by Martin Waldseemüller.jpg|thumb|1513 map of Poland, Baltic, Hungary and Eastern Europe by Martin Waldseemüller]] |} <br> Although stories about ghosts and demons may have haunted ancient society, stories of a uniquely original creature of the imagination began to be told, originating around parts of Eastern Europe. According to Wikipedia, "The Persians were one of the first civilizations to have tales of blood-drinking demons: creatures attempting to drink blood from men were depicted on excavated pottery shards." [4.1] <br> '''<u>Section From Wikipedia</u>: Eighteenth Century Vampire Controversy''' During the 18th century, there was a frenzy of vampire sightings in Eastern Europe, with frequent stakings and grave diggings to identify and kill the potential revenants. Even government officials engaged in the hunting and staking of vampires.[4.2] Despite being called the Age of Enlightenment, during which most folkloric legends were quelled, the belief in vampires increased dramatically, resulting in a mass hysteria throughout most of Europe.[5] The panic began with an outbreak of alleged vampire attacks in East Prussia in 1721 and in the Habsburg Monarchy from 1725 to 1734, which spread to other localities. Two infamous vampire cases, the first to be officially recorded, involved the corpses of Petar Blagojevich and Miloš Čečar from Serbia. Blagojevich was reported to have died at the age of 62, but allegedly returned after his death asking his son for food. When the son refused, he was found dead the following day. Blagojevich supposedly returned and attacked some neighbors who died from loss of blood.[4.2] In the second case, Miloš, an ex-soldier-turned-farmer who allegedly was attacked by a vampire years before, died while haying. After his death, people began to die in the surrounding area and it was widely believed that Miloš had returned to prey on the neighbors.[6][7] Another infamous Serbian vampire legend recounts the story of a certain Sava Savanović, who lives in a watermill and kills and drinks blood from the millers. The character was later used in a story written by Serbian writer Milovan Glišić and in the Yugoslav 1973 horror film ''Leptirica'' inspired by the story.[8] The two incidents were well-documented. Government officials examined the bodies, wrote case reports, and published books throughout Europe.[7] The hysteria, commonly referred to as the "18th-Century Vampire Controversy", raged for a generation. The problem was exacerbated by rural epidemics of so-called vampire attacks, undoubtedly caused by the higher amount of superstition that was present in village communities, with locals digging up bodies and in some cases, staking them.[9] <br><br> {| class="wikitable" |- ! Wikipedia: Eighteenth century vampire controversy |- |4.1 Marigny, Jean (1993). Sang pour Sang, Le Reveil des vampires, Gallimard, coll. Gallimard. p. 14 {{ISBN|978-2-07-053203-2}} |- | 4.2 Barber, pp. 5–9. |- | 5. Cohen, pp. 271–74. |- | 6. Jøn, A. Asbjørn (2003). "Vampire Evolution". METAphor (3): 20. Retrieved 20 November 2015. |- | 7. Barber, pp. 15–21. |- | 8. Ruthven, Suzanne (2014). Charnel House Blues: The Vampyre's Tale. John Hunt Publishing. {{#isbn:978-1-78279-415-8}}. |- | 9. Hoyt, pp. 101–06 |} <br> <br> The modern vampire is drawn from folklore developed during the Middle Ages. Many stories originated in Eastern Europe among the Slavic people. Transylvania, a Roman providence, was once invaded by early Slavic tribes. Folklore centers around the upyr, a reanimated corpse that leaves its grave to cause trouble among the living. Slavic vampires looked like rotting corpses. They were described as having a dark-reddish complexion, probably engorged with blood. <u> '''European Vampire-Like "Beings"''' </u> '''''Mullo'' -- Romani Vampire''' Appearance: They appear human, were white clothes, and have hair that grew to their feet. They have a physical oddity. Nature: They have returned from the dead. They are malicious. Vampiric Activity: They attack by strangling, or by sucking the blood out of their victims. Weakness: A Dhampir is hired to detect the vampire. To kill a mullo, drive steel or iron needles into the corpse's heart, place steel bits in the mouth, ears, over the eyes, and between the fingers at the burial. Hawthorn can kill them, if it is placed in the corpse's sock, or if a hawthorn stake is driven through the legs. Other methods include decapitation of the corpse, or burning it. [[wikipedia:Mullo_(vampire)|Mullo (vampire) - Wikipedia]] '''''Nachzehrer'' -- German Folklore Creature''' Appearance: They appear like the recently deceased. Nature: Revenant Vampiric Activity: They are able to drain their victims lifeforce from a distance. Abilities: They are able to drag the living after it into death. [[wikipedia:Nachzehrer|Nachzehrer - Wikipedia]] <br> '''''Strigoi''''' '''-- Mythical Romanian Vampire''' <br> <br> Appearance: They appear human male, bald on top of the head. In some accounts, their spine is elongated in the shape of a tail, covered in hair. <br> <br> Nature: They are malicious spirits or witch. <br> <br> Vampiric Activity: The blood of their victims can give them energy. <br> <br> Abilities: They are reported as being able to rise up from the grave. Transform into a monster. Can become invisible. <br> <br> Weakness: They avoid garlic or onions, they avoid incense. They can be killed by searching their grave, while an order is read over them by a priest, and a yew, oak, or branch is stuck in their heart, pierced with a nail or knife, in order to remain bound in the coffin. <br> <br>[[wikipedia:Strigoi|Strigoi - Wikipedia]] '''''Upir'' -- Slavic Folklore "Being"''' Appearance : They arrive at night, carrying their heads in their arms. Described in some accounts, as having glowing, wolf-like eyes. They have two hearts and two souls. Nature: Demonic. An unclean spirit. Malicious. Vampiric Activity: They attack by night to drink blood from the living, which is needed to sustain their decomposing bodies. Abilities: They attack at night and can make their victims suffocate, or sleepwalk. Weakness: To prevent upiors, dead bodies had garlic, bricks, or iron placed in their mouths before burial. Branches of hawthorn, or wild roses were placed in their coffins. Sprinkling the coffin with poppy seeds. [[wikipedia:Upiór|Upiór - Wikipedia]] '''''Vrykolakas'' -- Greek Folklore Creature''' Appearance: Ruddy complexion. Nature: Vampiric, zombie, or ghoul. Vampiric Activity: Feeds off human life: eats flesh, particularly livers. Abilities: Can suffocate the sleeping by sitting on them. Weakness: Saturday, which is the only day a vrykolaka sleeps. Starvation. 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CHARACTER-3FBFC|&#x3fbfc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FBFD|&#x3fbfd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FBFE|&#x3fbfe;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FBFF|&#x3fbff;}} |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="{{18.0}};{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3FC0x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FC00|&#x3fc00;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FC01|&#x3fc01;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FC02|&#x3fc02;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FC03|&#x3fc03;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FC04|&#x3fc04;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FC05|&#x3fc05;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FC06|&#x3fc06;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FC07|&#x3fc07;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FC08|&#x3fc08;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FC09|&#x3fc09;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FC0A|&#x3fc0a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FC0B|&#x3fc0b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FC0C|&#x3fc0c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FC0D|&#x3fc0d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FC0E|&#x3fc0e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FC0F|&#x3fc0f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{18.0}};{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3FC1x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FC10|&#x3fc10;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FC11|&#x3fc11;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FC12|&#x3fc12;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FC13|&#x3fc13;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FC14|&#x3fc14;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FC15|&#x3fc15;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FC16|&#x3fc16;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FC17|&#x3fc17;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FC18|&#x3fc18;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FC19|&#x3fc19;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FC1A|&#x3fc1a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FC1B|&#x3fc1b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FC1C|&#x3fc1c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FC1D|&#x3fc1d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FC1E|&#x3fc1e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FC1F|&#x3fc1f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{18.0}};{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3FC2x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FC20|&#x3fc20;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FC21|&#x3fc21;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FC22|&#x3fc22;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FC23|&#x3fc23;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FC24|&#x3fc24;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FC25|&#x3fc25;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FC26|&#x3fc26;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FC27|&#x3fc27;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FC28|&#x3fc28;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FC29|&#x3fc29;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FC2A|&#x3fc2a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FC2B|&#x3fc2b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FC2C|&#x3fc2c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FC2D|&#x3fc2d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FC2E|&#x3fc2e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FC2F|&#x3fc2f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{18.0}};{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3FC3x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FC30|&#x3fc30;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FC31|&#x3fc31;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FC32|&#x3fc32;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FC33|&#x3fc33;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FC34|&#x3fc34;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FC35|&#x3fc35;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FC36|&#x3fc36;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FC37|&#x3fc37;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FC38|&#x3fc38;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FC39|&#x3fc39;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FC3A|&#x3fc3a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FC3B|&#x3fc3b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FC3C|&#x3fc3c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FC3D|&#x3fc3d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FC3E|&#x3fc3e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FC3F|&#x3fc3f;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | ''Enclosed Alphanumeric Extended-A'' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !style="width:4%"|U+!!style="width:6%"|0!!style="width:6%"|1!!style="width:6%"|2!!style="width:6%"|3!!style="width:6%"|4!!style="width:6%"|5!!style="width:6%"|6!!style="width:6%"|7!!style="width:6%"|8!!style="width:6%"|9!!style="width:6%"|A!!style="width:6%"|B!!style="width:6%"|C!!style="width:6%"|D!!style="width:6%"|E!!style="width:6%"|F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#457da5;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3FC4x |{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER FIFTY ONE|&#x3fc40;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER FIFTY TWO|&#x3fc41;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER FIFTY THREE|&#x3fc42;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER FIFTY FOUR|&#x3fc43;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER FIFTY FIVE|&#x3fc44;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER FIFTY SIX|&#x3fc45;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER FIFTY SEVEN|&#x3fc46;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER FIFTY EIGHT|&#x3fc47;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER FIFTY NINE|&#x3fc48;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER SIXTY|&#x3fc49;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER SIXTY ONE|&#x3fc4a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER SIXTY TWO|&#x3fc4b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER SIXTY THREE|&#x3fc4c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER SIXTY FOUR|&#x3fc4d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER SIXTY FIVE|&#x3fc4e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A|&#x3fc4f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#457da5;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3FC5x |{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER B|&#x3fc50;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER C|&#x3fc51;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER D|&#x3fc52;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E|&#x3fc53;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER F|&#x3fc54;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER G|&#x3fc55;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER H|&#x3fc56;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I|&#x3fc57;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER J|&#x3fc58;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER K|&#x3f559;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER L|&#x3fc5a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER M|&#x3fc5b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER N|&#x3fc5c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O|&#x3fc5d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER P|&#x3fc5e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Q|&#x3fc5f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#457da5;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3FC6x |{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER R|&#x3fc60;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER T|&#x3fc61;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U|&#x3fc62;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER V|&#x3fc63;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER W|&#x3fc64;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER X|&#x3fc65;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Y|&#x3fc66;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Z|&#x3fc67;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER SIGN|&#x3fc68;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED DOLLAR SIGN|&#x3f569;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED PERCENT SIGN|&#x3fc6a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED AMPERSAND|&#x3fc6b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED PERMILE SIGN|&#x3fc6c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED INTERROBANG|&#x3fc6d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED EXCLAMATION MARK|&#x3fc6e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED QUESTION MARK|&#x3fc6f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#457da5;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3FC7x |{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER SIXTY SIX|&#x3fc70;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER SIXTY SEVEN|&#x3fc71;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER SIXTY EIGHT|&#x3fc72;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER SIXTY NINE|&#x3fc73;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER SEVENTY|&#x3fc74;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER SEVENTY ONE|&#x3fc75;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER SEVENTY TWO|&#x3fc76;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER SEVENTY THREE|&#x3fc77;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER SEVENTY FOUR|&#x3fc78;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER SEVENTY FIVE|&#x3f579;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER SEVENTY SIX|&#x3fc7a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER SEVENTY SEVEN|&#x3fc7b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER SEVENTY EIGHT|&#x3fc7c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER SEVENT NINE|&#x3fc7d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER EIGHTY|&#x3fc7e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED TIRONIAN SIGN ET|&#x3fc7f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#457da5;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3FC8x |{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED DIGIT ZERO|&#x3fc80;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED DIGIT ZERO|&#x3fc81;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED DIGIT ONE|&#x3fc82;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED DIGIT TWO|&#x3fc83;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED DIGIT THREE|&#x3fc84;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED DIGIT FOUR|&#x3fc85;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED DIGIT FIVE|&#x3fc86;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED DIGIT SIX|&#x3fc87;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED DIGIT SEVEN|&#x3fc88;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED DIGIT EIGHT|&#x3f589;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED DIGIT NINE|&#x3fc8a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED DIGIT TEN|&#x3fc8b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED LATIN SMALL LETTER A|&#x3fc8c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED LATIN SMALL LETTER B|&#x3fc8d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED LATIN SMALL LETTER C|&#x3fc8e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED LATIN SMALL LETTER D|&#x3fc8f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#457da5;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3FC9x |{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED LATIN SMALL LETTER E|&#x3fc90;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED LATIN SMALL LETTER F|&#x3fc91;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED LATIN SMALL LETTER G|&#x3fc92;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED LATIN SMALL LETTER H|&#x3fc93;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED LATIN SMALL LETTER I|&#x3fc94;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED LATIN SMALL LETTER J|&#x3fc95;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED LATIN SMALL LETTER K|&#x3fc96;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED LATIN SMALL LETTER L|&#x3fc97;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED LATIN SMALL LETTER M|&#x3fc98;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED LATIN SMALL LETTER N|&#x3fc99;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED LATIN SMALL LETTER O|&#x3fc9a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED LATIN SMALL LETTER P|&#x3fc9b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED LATIN SMALL LETTER Q|&#x3fc9c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED LATIN SMALL LETTER R|&#x3fc9d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED LATIN SMALL LETTER S|&#x3fc9e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED LATIN SMALL LETTER T|&#x3fc9f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#457da5;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3FCAx |{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED LATIN SMALL LETTER U|&#x3fca0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED LATIN SMALL LETTER V|&#x3fca1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED LATIN SMALL LETTER W|&#x3fca2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED LATIN SMALL LETTER X|&#x3fca3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED LATIN SMALL LETTER Y|&#x3fca4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED LATIN SMALL LETTER Z|&#x3fca5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIS AA|&#x3fca6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIS AB|&#x3fca7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIS AD|&#x3fca8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIS AE|&#x3fca9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIS AH|&#x3fcaa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIS AM|&#x3fcab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIS AO|&#x3fcac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIS AS|&#x3fcad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIS AU|&#x3fcae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIS AZ|&#x3fcaf;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#457da5;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3FCBx |{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIS BA|&#x3fcb0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIS BB|&#x3fcb1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIS BD|&#x3fcb2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIS BG|&#x3fcb3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIS BJ|&#x3fcb4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIS BK|&#x3fcb5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIS 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CHARACTER-3F004|&#x3f004;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F005|&#x3f005;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F006|&#x3f006;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F007|&#x3f007;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F008|&#x3f008;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F009|&#x3f009;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F00A|&#x3f00a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F00B|&#x3f00b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F00C|&#x3f00c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F00D|&#x3f00d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F00E|&#x3f00e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F00F|&#x3f00f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{18.0}};{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3F01x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F010|&#x3f010;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F011|&#x3f011;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F012|&#x3f012;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F013|&#x3f013;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F014|&#x3f014;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F015|&#x3f015;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F016|&#x3f016;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F017|&#x3f017;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F018|&#x3f018;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F019|&#x3f019;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F01A|&#x3f01a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F01B|&#x3f01b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F01C|&#x3f01c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F01D|&#x3f01d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F01E|&#x3f01e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F01F|&#x3f01f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{18.0}};{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3F02x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F020|&#x3f020;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F021|&#x3f021;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F022|&#x3f022;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F023|&#x3f023;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F024|&#x3f024;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F025|&#x3f025;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F026|&#x3f026;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F027|&#x3f027;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F028|&#x3f028;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F029|&#x3f029;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F02A|&#x3f02a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F02B|&#x3f02b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F02C|&#x3f02c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F02D|&#x3f02d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F02E|&#x3f02e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F02F|&#x3f02f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{18.0}};{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3F03x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F030|&#x3f030;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F031|&#x3f031;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F032|&#x3f032;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F033|&#x3f033;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F034|&#x3f034;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F035|&#x3f035;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F036|&#x3f036;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F037|&#x3f037;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F038|&#x3f038;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F039|&#x3f039;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F03A|&#x3f03a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F03B|&#x3f03b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F03C|&#x3f03c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F03D|&#x3f03d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F03E|&#x3f03e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F03F|&#x3f03f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{18.0}};{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3F04x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F040|&#x3f040;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F041|&#x3f041;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F042|&#x3f042;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F043|&#x3f043;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F044|&#x3f044;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F045|&#x3f045;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F046|&#x3f046;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F047|&#x3f047;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F048|&#x3f048;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F049|&#x3f049;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F04A|&#x3f04a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F04B|&#x3f04b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F04C|&#x3f04c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F04D|&#x3f04d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F04E|&#x3f04e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F04F|&#x3f04f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{18.0}};{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3F05x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F050|&#x3f050;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F051|&#x3f051;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F052|&#x3f052;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F053|&#x3f053;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F054|&#x3f054;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F055|&#x3f055;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F056|&#x3f056;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F057|&#x3f057;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F058|&#x3f058;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F059|&#x3f059;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F05A|&#x3f05a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F05B|&#x3f05b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F05C|&#x3f05c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F05D|&#x3f05d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F05E|&#x3f05e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F05F|&#x3f05f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{18.0}};{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3F06x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F060|&#x3f060;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F061|&#x3f061;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F062|&#x3f062;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F063|&#x3f063;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F064|&#x3f064;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F065|&#x3f065;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F066|&#x3f066;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F067|&#x3f067;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F068|&#x3f068;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F069|&#x3f069;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F06A|&#x3f06a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F06B|&#x3f06b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F06C|&#x3f06c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F06D|&#x3f06d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F06E|&#x3f06e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F06F|&#x3f06f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{18.0}};{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3F07x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F070|&#x3f070;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F071|&#x3f071;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F072|&#x3f072;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F073|&#x3f073;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F074|&#x3f074;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F075|&#x3f075;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F076|&#x3f076;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F077|&#x3f077;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F078|&#x3f078;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F079|&#x3f079;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F07A|&#x3f07a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F07B|&#x3f07b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F07C|&#x3f07c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F07D|&#x3f07d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F07E|&#x3f07e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F07F|&#x3f07f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{18.0}};{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3F08x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F080|&#x3f080;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F081|&#x3f081;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F082|&#x3f082;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F083|&#x3f083;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F084|&#x3f084;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F085|&#x3f085;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F086|&#x3f086;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F087|&#x3f087;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F088|&#x3f088;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F089|&#x3f089;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F08A|&#x3f08a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F08B|&#x3f08b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F08C|&#x3f08c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F08D|&#x3f08d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F08E|&#x3f08e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F08F|&#x3f08f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{18.0}};{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3F09x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F090|&#x3f090;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F091|&#x3f091;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F092|&#x3f092;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F093|&#x3f093;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F094|&#x3f094;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F095|&#x3f095;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F096|&#x3f096;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F097|&#x3f097;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F098|&#x3f098;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F099|&#x3f099;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F09A|&#x3f09a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F09B|&#x3f09b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F09C|&#x3f09c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F09D|&#x3f09d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F09E|&#x3f09e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F09F|&#x3f09f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{18.0}};{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3F0Ax |{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F0A0|&#x3f0a0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F0A1|&#x3f0a1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F0A2|&#x3f0a2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F0A3|&#x3f0a3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL 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CHARACTER-3F0C4|&#x3f0c4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F0C5|&#x3f0c5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F0C6|&#x3f0c6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F0C7|&#x3f0c7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F0C8|&#x3f0c8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F0C9|&#x3f0c9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F0CA|&#x3f0ca;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F0CB|&#x3f0cb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F0CC|&#x3f0cc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F0CD|&#x3f0cd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F0CE|&#x3f0ce;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F0CF|&#x3f0cf;}} |----- align="center" style="{{18.0}};{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3F0Dx |{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F0D0|&#x3f0d0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F0D1|&#x3f0d1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F0D2|&#x3f0d2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F0D3|&#x3f0d3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL 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!style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3FC3x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FC30|&#x3fc30;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FC31|&#x3fc31;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FC32|&#x3fc32;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FC33|&#x3fc33;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FC34|&#x3fc34;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FC35|&#x3fc35;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FC36|&#x3fc36;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FC37|&#x3fc37;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FC38|&#x3fc38;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FC39|&#x3fc39;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FC3A|&#x3fc3a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FC3B|&#x3fc3b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FC3C|&#x3fc3c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FC3D|&#x3fc3d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FC3E|&#x3fc3e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FC3F|&#x3fc3f;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | ''Unassigned'' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !style="width:4%"|U+!!style="width:6%"|0!!style="width:6%"|1!!style="width:6%"|2!!style="width:6%"|3!!style="width:6%"|4!!style="width:6%"|5!!style="width:6%"|6!!style="width:6%"|7!!style="width:6%"|8!!style="width:6%"|9!!style="width:6%"|A!!style="width:6%"|B!!style="width:6%"|C!!style="width:6%"|D!!style="width:6%"|E!!style="width:6%"|F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3FD4x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3FD5x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3FD6x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3FD7x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3FD8x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3FD9x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3FDAx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3FDBx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3FDCx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3FDDx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3FDEx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3FDFx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3FD0x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3FD1x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3FD2x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3FD3x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3FD4x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3FD5x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3FD6x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3FD7x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3FD8x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3FD9x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3FDAx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3FDBx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3FDCx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3FDDx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3FDEx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3FDFx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3FE0x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3FE1x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3FE2x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3FE3x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3FE4x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3FE5x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3FE6x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3FE7x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3FE8x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3FE9x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3FEAx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3FEBx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3FECx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3FEDx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3FEEx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3FEFx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3FF0x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3FF1x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3FF2x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3FF3x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3FF4x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3FF5x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3FF6x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3FF7x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3FF8x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3FF9x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3FFAx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3FFBx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3FFCx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3FFDx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3FFEx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3FFFx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||style="background:#000000;color:white;"|&nbsp;||style="background:#000000;color:white;"|&nbsp; |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |} {{:Unicode/Character/footer}} iu55m5vt35m1ecxuamt54klujj4kb2c 4679339 4679275 2026-10-31T18:33:18Z ~2026-52012-02 3627015 It's fine. 4679339 wikitext text/x-wiki {{:Unicode/Character reference}} {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse:collapse;" |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Seal Script (ctd.)''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !width="4%"|U+!!width="6%"|0!!width="6%"|1!!width="6%"|2!!width="6%"|3!!width="6%"|4!!width="6%"|5!!width="6%"|6!!width="6%"|7!!width="6%"|8!!width="6%"|9!!width="6%"|A!!width="6%"|B!!width="6%"|C!!width="6%"|D!!width="6%"|E!!width="6%"|F |----- align="center" style="{{18.0}};{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3F00x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F000|&#x3f000;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F001|&#x3f001;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F002|&#x3f002;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F003|&#x3f003;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F004|&#x3f004;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F005|&#x3f005;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F006|&#x3f006;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F007|&#x3f007;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F008|&#x3f008;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F009|&#x3f009;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F00A|&#x3f00a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F00B|&#x3f00b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F00C|&#x3f00c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F00D|&#x3f00d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F00E|&#x3f00e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F00F|&#x3f00f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{18.0}};{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3F01x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F010|&#x3f010;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F011|&#x3f011;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F012|&#x3f012;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F013|&#x3f013;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F014|&#x3f014;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F015|&#x3f015;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F016|&#x3f016;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F017|&#x3f017;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F018|&#x3f018;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F019|&#x3f019;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F01A|&#x3f01a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F01B|&#x3f01b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F01C|&#x3f01c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F01D|&#x3f01d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F01E|&#x3f01e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F01F|&#x3f01f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{18.0}};{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3F02x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F020|&#x3f020;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F021|&#x3f021;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F022|&#x3f022;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F023|&#x3f023;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F024|&#x3f024;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F025|&#x3f025;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F026|&#x3f026;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F027|&#x3f027;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F028|&#x3f028;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F029|&#x3f029;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F02A|&#x3f02a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F02B|&#x3f02b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F02C|&#x3f02c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F02D|&#x3f02d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F02E|&#x3f02e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F02F|&#x3f02f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{18.0}};{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3F03x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F030|&#x3f030;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F031|&#x3f031;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F032|&#x3f032;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F033|&#x3f033;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F034|&#x3f034;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F035|&#x3f035;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F036|&#x3f036;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F037|&#x3f037;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F038|&#x3f038;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F039|&#x3f039;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F03A|&#x3f03a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F03B|&#x3f03b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F03C|&#x3f03c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F03D|&#x3f03d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F03E|&#x3f03e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F03F|&#x3f03f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{18.0}};{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3F04x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F040|&#x3f040;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F041|&#x3f041;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F042|&#x3f042;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F043|&#x3f043;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F044|&#x3f044;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F045|&#x3f045;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F046|&#x3f046;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F047|&#x3f047;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F048|&#x3f048;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F049|&#x3f049;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F04A|&#x3f04a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F04B|&#x3f04b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F04C|&#x3f04c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F04D|&#x3f04d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F04E|&#x3f04e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F04F|&#x3f04f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{18.0}};{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3F05x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F050|&#x3f050;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F051|&#x3f051;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F052|&#x3f052;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F053|&#x3f053;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F054|&#x3f054;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F055|&#x3f055;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F056|&#x3f056;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F057|&#x3f057;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F058|&#x3f058;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F059|&#x3f059;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F05A|&#x3f05a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F05B|&#x3f05b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F05C|&#x3f05c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F05D|&#x3f05d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F05E|&#x3f05e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F05F|&#x3f05f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{18.0}};{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3F06x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F060|&#x3f060;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F061|&#x3f061;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F062|&#x3f062;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F063|&#x3f063;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F064|&#x3f064;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F065|&#x3f065;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F066|&#x3f066;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F067|&#x3f067;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F068|&#x3f068;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F069|&#x3f069;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F06A|&#x3f06a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F06B|&#x3f06b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F06C|&#x3f06c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F06D|&#x3f06d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F06E|&#x3f06e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F06F|&#x3f06f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{18.0}};{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3F07x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F070|&#x3f070;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F071|&#x3f071;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F072|&#x3f072;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F073|&#x3f073;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F074|&#x3f074;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F075|&#x3f075;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F076|&#x3f076;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F077|&#x3f077;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F078|&#x3f078;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F079|&#x3f079;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F07A|&#x3f07a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F07B|&#x3f07b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F07C|&#x3f07c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F07D|&#x3f07d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F07E|&#x3f07e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F07F|&#x3f07f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{18.0}};{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3F08x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F080|&#x3f080;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F081|&#x3f081;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F082|&#x3f082;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F083|&#x3f083;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F084|&#x3f084;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F085|&#x3f085;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F086|&#x3f086;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F087|&#x3f087;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F088|&#x3f088;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F089|&#x3f089;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F08A|&#x3f08a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F08B|&#x3f08b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F08C|&#x3f08c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F08D|&#x3f08d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F08E|&#x3f08e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F08F|&#x3f08f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{18.0}};{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3F09x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F090|&#x3f090;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F091|&#x3f091;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F092|&#x3f092;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F093|&#x3f093;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F094|&#x3f094;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F095|&#x3f095;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F096|&#x3f096;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F097|&#x3f097;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F098|&#x3f098;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F099|&#x3f099;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F09A|&#x3f09a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F09B|&#x3f09b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F09C|&#x3f09c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F09D|&#x3f09d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F09E|&#x3f09e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F09F|&#x3f09f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{18.0}};{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3F0Ax |{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F0A0|&#x3f0a0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F0A1|&#x3f0a1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F0A2|&#x3f0a2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F0A3|&#x3f0a3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F0A4|&#x3f0a4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F0A5|&#x3f0a5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F0A6|&#x3f0a6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F0A7|&#x3f0a7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F0A8|&#x3f0a8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F0A9|&#x3f0a9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F0AA|&#x3f0aa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F0AB|&#x3f0ab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F0AC|&#x3f0ac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F0AD|&#x3f0ad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F0AE|&#x3f0ae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F0AF|&#x3f0af;}} |----- align="center" style="{{18.0}};{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3F0Bx |{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F0B0|&#x3f0b0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F0B1|&#x3f0b1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F0B2|&#x3f0b2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F0B3|&#x3f0b3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F0B4|&#x3f0b4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F0B5|&#x3f0b5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F0B6|&#x3f0b6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F0B7|&#x3f0b7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F0B8|&#x3f0b8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F0B9|&#x3f0b9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F0BA|&#x3f0ba;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F0BB|&#x3f0bb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F0BC|&#x3f0bc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F0BD|&#x3f0bd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F0BE|&#x3f0be;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F0BF|&#x3f0bf;}} |----- align="center" style="{{18.0}};{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3F0Cx |{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F0C0|&#x3f0c0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F0C1|&#x3f0c1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F0C2|&#x3f0c2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F0C3|&#x3f0c3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F0C4|&#x3f0c4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F0C5|&#x3f0c5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F0C6|&#x3f0c6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F0C7|&#x3f0c7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F0C8|&#x3f0c8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F0C9|&#x3f0c9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F0CA|&#x3f0ca;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL 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CHARACTER-3FB57|&#x3fb57;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FB58|&#x3fb58;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FB59|&#x3fb59;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FB5A|&#x3fb5a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FB5B|&#x3fb5b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FB5C|&#x3fb5c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FB5D|&#x3fb5d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FB5E|&#x3fb5e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FB5F|&#x3fb5f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{18.0}};{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3FB6x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FB60|&#x3fb60;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FB61|&#x3fb61;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FB62|&#x3fb62;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FB63|&#x3fb63;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FB64|&#x3fb64;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FB65|&#x3fb65;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FB66|&#x3fb66;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FB67|&#x3fb67;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FB68|&#x3fb68;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FB69|&#x3fb69;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FB6A|&#x3fb6a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FB6B|&#x3fb6b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FB6C|&#x3fb6c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FB6D|&#x3fb6d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FB6E|&#x3fb6e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FB6F|&#x3fb6f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{18.0}};{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3FB7x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FB70|&#x3fb70;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FB71|&#x3fb71;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FB72|&#x3fb72;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FB73|&#x3fb73;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FB74|&#x3fb74;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FB75|&#x3fb75;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FB76|&#x3fb76;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FB77|&#x3fb77;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FB78|&#x3fb78;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FB79|&#x3fb79;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FB7A|&#x3fb7a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FB7B|&#x3fb7b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FB7C|&#x3fb7c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FB7D|&#x3fb7d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FB7E|&#x3fb7e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FB7F|&#x3fb7f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{18.0}};{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3FB8x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FB80|&#x3fb80;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FB81|&#x3fb81;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FB82|&#x3fb82;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FB83|&#x3fb83;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FB84|&#x3fb84;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FB85|&#x3fb85;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FB86|&#x3fb86;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FB87|&#x3fb87;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FB88|&#x3fb88;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FB89|&#x3fb89;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FB8A|&#x3fb8a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FB8B|&#x3fb8b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FB8C|&#x3fb8c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FB8D|&#x3fb8d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FB8E|&#x3fb8e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FB8F|&#x3fb8f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{18.0}};{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3FB9x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FB90|&#x3fb90;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FB91|&#x3fb91;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FB92|&#x3fb92;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FB93|&#x3fb93;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FB94|&#x3fb94;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FB95|&#x3fb95;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FB96|&#x3fb96;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FB97|&#x3fb97;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FB98|&#x3fb98;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FB99|&#x3fb99;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FB9A|&#x3fb9a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FB9B|&#x3fb9b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FB9C|&#x3fb9c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FB9D|&#x3fb9d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FB9E|&#x3fb9e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FB9F|&#x3fb9f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{18.0}};{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3FBAx |{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FBA0|&#x3fba0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FBA1|&#x3fba1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FBA2|&#x3fba2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FBA3|&#x3fba3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FBA4|&#x3fba4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FBA5|&#x3fba5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FBA6|&#x3fba6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FBA7|&#x3fba7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FBA8|&#x3fba8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FBA9|&#x3fba9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FBAA|&#x3fbaa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FBAB|&#x3fbab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FBAC|&#x3fbac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FBAD|&#x3fbad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FBAE|&#x3fbae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FBAF|&#x3fbaf;}} |----- align="center" style="{{18.0}};{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3FBBx |{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FBB0|&#x3fbb0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FBB1|&#x3fbb1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FBB2|&#x3fbb2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FBB3|&#x3fbb3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FBB4|&#x3fbb4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FBB5|&#x3fbb5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FBB6|&#x3fbb6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FBB7|&#x3fbb7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FBB8|&#x3fbb8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FBB9|&#x3fbb9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FBBA|&#x3fbba;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FBBB|&#x3fbbb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FBBC|&#x3fbbc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FBBD|&#x3fbbd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FBBE|&#x3fbbe;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FBBF|&#x3fbbf;}} |----- align="center" style="{{18.0}};{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3FBCx |{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FBC0|&#x3fbc0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FBC1|&#x3fbc1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FBC2|&#x3fbc2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FBC3|&#x3fbc3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FBC4|&#x3fbc4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FBC5|&#x3fbc5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FBC6|&#x3fbc6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FBC7|&#x3fbc7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FBC8|&#x3fbc8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FBC9|&#x3fbc9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FBCA|&#x3fbca;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FBCB|&#x3fbcb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FBCC|&#x3fbcc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FBCD|&#x3fbcd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FBCE|&#x3fbce;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FBCF|&#x3fbcf;}} |----- align="center" style="{{18.0}};{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3FBDx |{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FBD0|&#x3fbd0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FBD1|&#x3fbd1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FBD2|&#x3fbd2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FBD3|&#x3fbd3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FBD4|&#x3fbd4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FBD5|&#x3fbd5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FBD6|&#x3fbd6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL 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CHARACTER-3FBE7|&#x3fbe7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FBE8|&#x3fbe8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FBE9|&#x3fbe9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FBEA|&#x3fbea;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FBEB|&#x3fbeb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FBEC|&#x3fbec;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FBED|&#x3fbed;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FBEE|&#x3fbee;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FBEF|&#x3fbef;}} |----- align="center" style="{{18.0}};{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3FBFx |{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FBF0|&#x3fbf0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FBF1|&#x3fbf1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FBF2|&#x3fbf2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FBF3|&#x3fbf3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FBF4|&#x3fbf4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FBF5|&#x3fbf5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FBF6|&#x3fbf6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FBF7|&#x3fbf7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FBF8|&#x3fbf8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FBF9|&#x3fbf9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FBFA|&#x3fbfa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FBFB|&#x3fbfb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FBFC|&#x3fbfc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FBFD|&#x3fbfd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FBFE|&#x3fbfe;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FBFF|&#x3fbff;}} |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="{{18.0}};{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3FC0x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FC00|&#x3fc00;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FC01|&#x3fc01;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FC02|&#x3fc02;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FC03|&#x3fc03;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FC04|&#x3fc04;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FC05|&#x3fc05;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FC06|&#x3fc06;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FC07|&#x3fc07;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FC08|&#x3fc08;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FC09|&#x3fc09;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FC0A|&#x3fc0a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FC0B|&#x3fc0b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FC0C|&#x3fc0c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FC0D|&#x3fc0d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FC0E|&#x3fc0e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FC0F|&#x3fc0f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{18.0}};{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3FC1x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FC10|&#x3fc10;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FC11|&#x3fc11;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FC12|&#x3fc12;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FC13|&#x3fc13;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FC14|&#x3fc14;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FC15|&#x3fc15;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FC16|&#x3fc16;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FC17|&#x3fc17;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FC18|&#x3fc18;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FC19|&#x3fc19;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FC1A|&#x3fc1a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FC1B|&#x3fc1b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FC1C|&#x3fc1c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FC1D|&#x3fc1d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FC1E|&#x3fc1e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FC1F|&#x3fc1f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{18.0}};{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3FC2x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FC20|&#x3fc20;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FC21|&#x3fc21;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FC22|&#x3fc22;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FC23|&#x3fc23;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FC24|&#x3fc24;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FC25|&#x3fc25;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FC26|&#x3fc26;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FC27|&#x3fc27;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FC28|&#x3fc28;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FC29|&#x3fc29;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FC2A|&#x3fc2a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FC2B|&#x3fc2b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FC2C|&#x3fc2c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FC2D|&#x3fc2d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FC2E|&#x3fc2e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FC2F|&#x3fc2f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{18.0}};{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3FC3x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FC30|&#x3fc30;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FC31|&#x3fc31;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FC32|&#x3fc32;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FC33|&#x3fc33;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FC34|&#x3fc34;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FC35|&#x3fc35;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FC36|&#x3fc36;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FC37|&#x3fc37;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FC38|&#x3fc38;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FC39|&#x3fc39;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FC3A|&#x3fc3a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FC3B|&#x3fc3b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FC3C|&#x3fc3c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FC3D|&#x3fc3d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FC3E|&#x3fc3e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3FC3F|&#x3fc3f;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | ''Enclosed Alphanumeric Extended-A'' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !style="width:4%"|U+!!style="width:6%"|0!!style="width:6%"|1!!style="width:6%"|2!!style="width:6%"|3!!style="width:6%"|4!!style="width:6%"|5!!style="width:6%"|6!!style="width:6%"|7!!style="width:6%"|8!!style="width:6%"|9!!style="width:6%"|A!!style="width:6%"|B!!style="width:6%"|C!!style="width:6%"|D!!style="width:6%"|E!!style="width:6%"|F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#457da5;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3FC4x |{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER FIFTY ONE|&#x3fc40;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER FIFTY TWO|&#x3fc41;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER FIFTY THREE|&#x3fc42;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER FIFTY FOUR|&#x3fc43;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER FIFTY FIVE|&#x3fc44;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER FIFTY SIX|&#x3fc45;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER FIFTY SEVEN|&#x3fc46;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER FIFTY EIGHT|&#x3fc47;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER FIFTY NINE|&#x3fc48;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER SIXTY|&#x3fc49;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER SIXTY ONE|&#x3fc4a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER SIXTY TWO|&#x3fc4b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER SIXTY THREE|&#x3fc4c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER SIXTY FOUR|&#x3fc4d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER SIXTY FIVE|&#x3fc4e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A|&#x3fc4f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#457da5;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3FC5x |{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER B|&#x3fc50;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER C|&#x3fc51;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER D|&#x3fc52;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E|&#x3fc53;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER F|&#x3fc54;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER G|&#x3fc55;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER H|&#x3fc56;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I|&#x3fc57;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER J|&#x3fc58;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER K|&#x3f559;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER L|&#x3fc5a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER M|&#x3fc5b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER N|&#x3fc5c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O|&#x3fc5d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER P|&#x3fc5e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Q|&#x3fc5f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#457da5;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3FC6x |{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER R|&#x3fc60;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER T|&#x3fc61;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U|&#x3fc62;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER V|&#x3fc63;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER W|&#x3fc64;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER X|&#x3fc65;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Y|&#x3fc66;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Z|&#x3fc67;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER SIGN|&#x3fc68;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED DOLLAR SIGN|&#x3f569;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED PERCENT SIGN|&#x3fc6a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED AMPERSAND|&#x3fc6b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED PERMILE SIGN|&#x3fc6c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED INTERROBANG|&#x3fc6d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED EXCLAMATION MARK|&#x3fc6e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED QUESTION MARK|&#x3fc6f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#457da5;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3FC7x |{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER SIXTY SIX|&#x3fc70;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER SIXTY SEVEN|&#x3fc71;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER SIXTY EIGHT|&#x3fc72;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER SIXTY NINE|&#x3fc73;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER SEVENTY|&#x3fc74;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER SEVENTY ONE|&#x3fc75;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER SEVENTY TWO|&#x3fc76;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER SEVENTY THREE|&#x3fc77;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER SEVENTY FOUR|&#x3fc78;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER SEVENTY FIVE|&#x3f579;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER SEVENTY SIX|&#x3fc7a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER SEVENTY SEVEN|&#x3fc7b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER SEVENTY EIGHT|&#x3fc7c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER SEVENT NINE|&#x3fc7d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER EIGHTY|&#x3fc7e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED TIRONIAN SIGN ET|&#x3fc7f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#457da5;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3FC8x |{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED DIGIT ZERO|&#x3fc80;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED DIGIT ZERO|&#x3fc81;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED DIGIT ONE|&#x3fc82;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED DIGIT TWO|&#x3fc83;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED DIGIT THREE|&#x3fc84;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED DIGIT FOUR|&#x3fc85;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED DIGIT FIVE|&#x3fc86;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED DIGIT SIX|&#x3fc87;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED DIGIT SEVEN|&#x3fc88;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED DIGIT EIGHT|&#x3f589;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED DIGIT NINE|&#x3fc8a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED DIGIT TEN|&#x3fc8b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED LATIN SMALL LETTER A|&#x3fc8c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED LATIN SMALL LETTER B|&#x3fc8d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED LATIN SMALL LETTER C|&#x3fc8e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED LATIN SMALL LETTER D|&#x3fc8f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#457da5;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3FC9x |{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED LATIN SMALL LETTER E|&#x3fc90;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED LATIN SMALL LETTER F|&#x3fc91;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED LATIN SMALL LETTER G|&#x3fc92;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED LATIN SMALL LETTER H|&#x3fc93;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED LATIN SMALL LETTER I|&#x3fc94;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED LATIN SMALL LETTER J|&#x3fc95;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED LATIN SMALL LETTER K|&#x3fc96;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED LATIN SMALL LETTER L|&#x3fc97;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED LATIN SMALL LETTER M|&#x3fc98;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED LATIN SMALL LETTER N|&#x3fc99;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED LATIN SMALL LETTER O|&#x3fc9a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED LATIN SMALL LETTER P|&#x3fc9b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED LATIN SMALL LETTER Q|&#x3fc9c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED LATIN SMALL LETTER R|&#x3fc9d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED LATIN SMALL LETTER S|&#x3fc9e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED LATIN SMALL LETTER T|&#x3fc9f;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#457da5;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3FCAx |{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED LATIN SMALL LETTER U|&#x3fca0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED LATIN SMALL LETTER V|&#x3fca1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED LATIN SMALL LETTER W|&#x3fca2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED LATIN SMALL LETTER X|&#x3fca3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED LATIN SMALL LETTER Y|&#x3fca4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED LATIN SMALL LETTER Z|&#x3fca5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIS AA|&#x3fca6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIS AB|&#x3fca7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIS AD|&#x3fca8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIS AE|&#x3fca9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIS AH|&#x3fcaa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIS AM|&#x3fcab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIS AO|&#x3fcac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIS AS|&#x3fcad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIS AU|&#x3fcae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIS AZ|&#x3fcaf;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#457da5;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3FCBx |{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIS BA|&#x3fcb0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIS BB|&#x3fcb1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIS BD|&#x3fcb2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIS BG|&#x3fcb3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIS BJ|&#x3fcb4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIS BK|&#x3fcb5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIS BM|&#x3fcb6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIS BO|&#x3fcb7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIS BP|&#x3fcb8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIS BQ|&#x3fcb9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIS BR|&#x3fcba;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIS BU|&#x3fcbb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIS BX|&#x3fcbc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIS BY|&#x3fcbd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIS BZ|&#x3fcbe;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIS CA|&#x3fcbf;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#457da5;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3FCCx |{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIS CC|&#x3fcc0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIS CD|&#x3fcc1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIS CE|&#x3fcc2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIS CH|&#x3fcc3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIS CI|&#x3fcc4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIS CJ|&#x3fcc5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIS CK|&#x3fcc6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIS CL|&#x3fcc7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIS CM|&#x3fcc8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIS CN|&#x3fcc9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIS CO|&#x3fcca;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIS CP|&#x3fccb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIS CR|&#x3fccc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIS CS|&#x3fccd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIS CT|&#x3fcce;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIS CU|&#x3fccf;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#457da5;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3FCDx |{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIS CV|&#x3fcd0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIS CY|&#x3fcd1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIS CZ|&#x3fcd2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIS DA|&#x3fcd3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIS DB|&#x3fcd4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIS DC|&#x3fcd5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIS DD|&#x3fcd6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIS DE|&#x3fcd7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIS DH|&#x3fcd8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIS DJ|&#x3fcd9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIS DK|&#x3fcda;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIS DM|&#x3fcdb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIS DO|&#x3fcdc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIS DP|&#x3fcdd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIS DR|&#x3fcde;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIS DT|&#x3fcdf;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#174c8e;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3FCEx |style="background:#457da5;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIS DU|&#x3fce0;}}||style="background:#457da5;{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIS DY|&#x3fce1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE CIRCLED NUMBER ELEVEN|&#x3fce2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE CIRCLED NUMBER TWELVE|&#x3fce3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE CIRCLED NUMBER THIRTEEN|&#x3fce4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE CIRCLED NUMBER FOURTEEN|&#x3fce5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE CIRCLED NUMBER FIFTEEN|&#x3fce6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE CIRCLED NUMBER SIXTEEN|&#x3fce7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE CIRCLED NUMBER SEVENTEEN|&#x3fce8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE CIRCLED NUMBER EIGHTEEN|&#x3fce9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE CIRCLED NUMBER NINETEEN|&#x3fcea;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE CIRCLED NUMBER TWENTY|&#x3fceb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIPLE CIRCLED DIGIT ONE|&#x3fcec;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIPLE CIRCLED DIGIT TWO|&#x3fced;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIPLE CIRCLED DIGIT THREE|&#x3fcee;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIPLE CIRCLED DIGIT FOUR|&#x3fcef;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#174c8e;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3FCFx |{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIPLE CIRCLED DIGIT FIVE|&#x3fcf0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIPLE CIRCLED DIGIT SIX|&#x3fcf1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIPLE CIRCLED DIGIT SEVEN|&#x3fcf2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIPLE CIRCLED DIGIT EIGHT|&#x3fcf3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIPLE CIRCLED DIGIT NINE|&#x3fcf4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIPLE CIRCLED NUMBER TEN|&#x3fcf5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIPLE CIRCLED NUMBER ELEVEN|&#x3fcf6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIPLE CIRCLED NUMBER TWELVE|&#x3fcf7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIPLE CIRCLED NUMBER THIRTEEN|&#x3fcf8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIPLE CIRCLED NUMBER FOURTEEN|&#x3fcf9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIPLE CIRCLED NUMBER FIFTEEN|&#x3fcfa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIPLE CIRCLED NUMBER SIXTEEN|&#x3fcfb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIPLE CIRCLED NUMBER SEVENTEEN|&#x3fcfc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIPLE CIRCLED NUMBER EIGHTEEN|&#x3fcfd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIPLE CIRCLED NUMBER NINETEEN|&#x3fcfe;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIPLE CIRCLED NUMBER TWENTY|&#x3fcff;}} |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3FD0x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3FD1x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3FD2x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3FD3x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3FD4x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3FD5x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3FD6x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3FD7x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3FD8x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3FD9x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3FDAx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3FDBx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3FDCx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3FDDx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3FDEx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3FDFx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3FE0x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3FE1x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3FE2x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3FE3x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3FE4x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3FE5x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3FE6x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3FE7x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3FE8x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3FE9x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3FEAx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3FEBx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3FECx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3FEDx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3FEEx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3FEFx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3FF0x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3FF1x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3FF2x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3FF3x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3FF4x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3FF5x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3FF6x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3FF7x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3FF8x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3FF9x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- 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[[Special:Diff/4679339|4679339]] by [[Special:Contributions/~2026-52012-02|~2026-52012-02]] ([[User talk:~2026-52012-02|discuss]]) Nothing says it will get added, and if it will, why would it be in the Tertiary IDEOGRAPHIC Plane? 4679418 wikitext text/x-wiki {{:Unicode/Character reference}} {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse:collapse;" |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Seal Script (ctd.)''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !width="4%"|U+!!width="6%"|0!!width="6%"|1!!width="6%"|2!!width="6%"|3!!width="6%"|4!!width="6%"|5!!width="6%"|6!!width="6%"|7!!width="6%"|8!!width="6%"|9!!width="6%"|A!!width="6%"|B!!width="6%"|C!!width="6%"|D!!width="6%"|E!!width="6%"|F |----- align="center" style="{{18.0}};{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3F00x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F000|&#x3f000;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F001|&#x3f001;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F002|&#x3f002;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F003|&#x3f003;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F004|&#x3f004;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F005|&#x3f005;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F006|&#x3f006;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F007|&#x3f007;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F008|&#x3f008;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F009|&#x3f009;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F00A|&#x3f00a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F00B|&#x3f00b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F00C|&#x3f00c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F00D|&#x3f00d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F00E|&#x3f00e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F00F|&#x3f00f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{18.0}};{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3F01x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F010|&#x3f010;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F011|&#x3f011;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F012|&#x3f012;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F013|&#x3f013;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F014|&#x3f014;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F015|&#x3f015;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F016|&#x3f016;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F017|&#x3f017;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F018|&#x3f018;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F019|&#x3f019;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F01A|&#x3f01a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F01B|&#x3f01b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F01C|&#x3f01c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F01D|&#x3f01d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F01E|&#x3f01e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F01F|&#x3f01f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{18.0}};{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3F02x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F020|&#x3f020;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F021|&#x3f021;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F022|&#x3f022;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F023|&#x3f023;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F024|&#x3f024;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F025|&#x3f025;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F026|&#x3f026;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F027|&#x3f027;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F028|&#x3f028;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F029|&#x3f029;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F02A|&#x3f02a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F02B|&#x3f02b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F02C|&#x3f02c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F02D|&#x3f02d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F02E|&#x3f02e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F02F|&#x3f02f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{18.0}};{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3F03x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3F030|&#x3f030;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL 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!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3FD0x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3FD1x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3FD2x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3FD3x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3FD4x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3FD5x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3FD6x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3FD7x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3FD8x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3FD9x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3FDAx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3FDBx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3FDCx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3FDDx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3FDEx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3FDFx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3FE0x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3FE1x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3FE2x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3FE3x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3FE4x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3FE5x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3FE6x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3FE7x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3FE8x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3FE9x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3FEAx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3FEBx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3FECx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3FEDx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3FEEx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3FEFx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3FF0x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3FF1x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3FF2x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3FF3x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3FF4x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3FF5x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3FF6x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3FF7x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3FF8x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3FF9x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3FFAx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3FFBx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3FFCx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3FFDx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3FFEx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3FFFx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||style="background:#000000;color:white;"|&nbsp;||style="background:#000000;color:white;"|&nbsp; |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |} {{:Unicode/Character/footer}} iu55m5vt35m1ecxuamt54klujj4kb2c Unicode/Character reference/3E000-3EFFF 0 433315 4679273 4664980 2026-10-31T13:48:09Z ILYA125467 3627024 Added all characters on this page 4679273 wikitext text/x-wiki {{:Unicode/Character reference}} {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse:collapse;" |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Seal Script (ctd.)''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !width="4%"|U+!!width="6%"|0!!width="6%"|1!!width="6%"|2!!width="6%"|3!!width="6%"|4!!width="6%"|5!!width="6%"|6!!width="6%"|7!!width="6%"|8!!width="6%"|9!!width="6%"|A!!width="6%"|B!!width="6%"|C!!width="6%"|D!!width="6%"|E!!width="6%"|F |----- align="center" style="{{18.0}};{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3E00x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3E000|&#x3e000;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3E001|&#x3e001;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3E002|&#x3e002;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3E003|&#x3e003;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3E004|&#x3e004;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3E005|&#x3e005;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3E006|&#x3e006;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3E007|&#x3e007;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3E008|&#x3e008;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3E009|&#x3e009;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3E00A|&#x3e00a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3E00B|&#x3e00b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3E00C|&#x3e00c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3E00D|&#x3e00d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3E00E|&#x3e00e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3E00F|&#x3e00f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{18.0}};{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3E01x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3E010|&#x3e010;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3E011|&#x3e011;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3E012|&#x3e012;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3E013|&#x3e013;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3E014|&#x3e014;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3E015|&#x3e015;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3E016|&#x3e016;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3E017|&#x3e017;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3E018|&#x3e018;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3E019|&#x3e019;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3E01A|&#x3e01a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3E01B|&#x3e01b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3E01C|&#x3e01c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3E01D|&#x3e01d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3E01E|&#x3e01e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3E01F|&#x3e01f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{18.0}};{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3E02x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3E020|&#x3e020;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3E021|&#x3e021;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3E022|&#x3e022;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3E023|&#x3e023;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3E024|&#x3e024;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3E025|&#x3e025;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3E026|&#x3e026;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3E027|&#x3e027;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3E028|&#x3e028;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3E029|&#x3e029;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3E02A|&#x3e02a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3E02B|&#x3e02b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3E02C|&#x3e02c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3E02D|&#x3e02d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3E02E|&#x3e02e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3E02F|&#x3e02f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{18.0}};{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3E03x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3E030|&#x3e030;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3E031|&#x3e031;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3E032|&#x3e032;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3E033|&#x3e033;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3E034|&#x3e034;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3E035|&#x3e035;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3E036|&#x3e036;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3E037|&#x3e037;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3E038|&#x3e038;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3E039|&#x3e039;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3E03A|&#x3e03a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3E03B|&#x3e03b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3E03C|&#x3e03c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3E03D|&#x3e03d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3E03E|&#x3e03e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3E03F|&#x3e03f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{18.0}};{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3E04x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3E040|&#x3e040;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3E041|&#x3e041;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3E042|&#x3e042;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3E043|&#x3e043;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3E044|&#x3e044;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3E045|&#x3e045;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3E046|&#x3e046;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3E047|&#x3e047;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3E048|&#x3e048;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL 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|{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3E590|&#x3e590;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3E591|&#x3e591;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3E592|&#x3e592;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3E593|&#x3e593;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3E594|&#x3e594;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3E595|&#x3e595;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3E596|&#x3e596;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3E597|&#x3e597;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3E598|&#x3e598;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3E599|&#x3e599;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3E59A|&#x3e59a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3E59B|&#x3e59b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3E59C|&#x3e59c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3E59D|&#x3e59d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3E59E|&#x3e59e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3E59F|&#x3e59f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{18.0}};{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3E5Ax 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style="{{18.0}};{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3E66x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3E660|&#x3e660;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3E661|&#x3e661;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3E662|&#x3e662;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3E663|&#x3e663;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3E664|&#x3e664;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3E665|&#x3e665;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3E666|&#x3e666;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3E667|&#x3e667;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3E668|&#x3e668;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3E669|&#x3e669;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3E66A|&#x3e66a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3E66B|&#x3e66b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3E66C|&#x3e66c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3E66D|&#x3e66d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3E66E|&#x3e66e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3E66F|&#x3e66f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{18.0}};{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3E67x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3E670|&#x3e670;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3E671|&#x3e671;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3E672|&#x3e672;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3E673|&#x3e673;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3E674|&#x3e674;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3E675|&#x3e675;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3E676|&#x3e676;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3E677|&#x3e677;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3E678|&#x3e678;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3E679|&#x3e679;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3E67A|&#x3e67a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3E67B|&#x3e67b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3E67C|&#x3e67c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3E67D|&#x3e67d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3E67E|&#x3e67e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3E67F|&#x3e67f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{18.0}};{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3E68x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3E680|&#x3e680;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3E681|&#x3e681;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3E682|&#x3e682;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3E683|&#x3e683;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3E684|&#x3e684;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3E685|&#x3e685;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3E686|&#x3e686;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3E687|&#x3e687;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3E688|&#x3e688;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3E689|&#x3e689;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3E68A|&#x3e68a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3E68B|&#x3e68b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3E68C|&#x3e68c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3E68D|&#x3e68d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3E68E|&#x3e68e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3E68F|&#x3e68f;}} |----- align="center" 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CHARACTER-3EB95|&#x3eb95;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3EB96|&#x3eb96;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3EB97|&#x3eb97;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3EB98|&#x3eb98;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3EB99|&#x3eb99;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3EB9A|&#x3eb9a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3EB9B|&#x3eb9b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3EB9C|&#x3eb9c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3EB9D|&#x3eb9d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3EB9E|&#x3eb9e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3EB9F|&#x3eb9f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{18.0}};{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3EBAx |{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3EBA0|&#x3eba0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3EBA1|&#x3eba1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3EBA2|&#x3eba2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3EBA3|&#x3eba3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3EBA4|&#x3eba4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL 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style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |} {{:Unicode/Character/footer}} 6d72mgn95fcyvpmdb6pnn9ovyot5mss Unicode/Character reference/19000-19FFF 0 433335 4679278 4673809 2026-10-31T14:30:10Z ILYA125467 3627024 Added Jurchen ideographs 4679278 wikitext text/x-wiki {{:Unicode/Character reference}} {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse:collapse;" |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Jurchen (ctd.)''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !width="4%"|U+!!width="6%"|0!!width="6%"|1!!width="6%"|2!!width="6%"|3!!width="6%"|4!!width="6%"|5!!width="6%"|6!!width="6%"|7!!width="6%"|8!!width="6%"|9!!width="6%"|A!!width="6%"|B!!width="6%"|C!!width="6%"|D!!width="6%"|E!!width="6%"|F |----- align="center" style="{{18.0}};{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1900x |{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19000|&#x19000;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19001|&#x19001;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19002|&#x19002;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19003|&#x19003;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19004|&#x19004;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19005|&#x19005;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19006|&#x19006;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19007|&#x19007;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19008|&#x19008;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19009|&#x19009;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-1900A|&#x1900a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-1900B|&#x1900b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-1900C|&#x1900c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-1900D|&#x1900d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-1900E|&#x1900e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-1900F|&#x1900f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{18.0}};{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1901x |{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19010|&#x19010;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19011|&#x19011;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19012|&#x19012;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19013|&#x19013;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19014|&#x19014;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19015|&#x19015;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19016|&#x19016;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19017|&#x19017;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19018|&#x19018;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19019|&#x19019;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-1901A|&#x1901a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-1901B|&#x1901b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-1901C|&#x1901c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-1901D|&#x1901d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-1901E|&#x1901e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-1901F|&#x1901f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{18.0}};{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1902x |{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19020|&#x19020;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19021|&#x19021;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19022|&#x19022;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19023|&#x19023;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19024|&#x19024;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19025|&#x19025;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19026|&#x19026;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19027|&#x19027;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19028|&#x19028;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19029|&#x19029;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-1902A|&#x1902a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-1902B|&#x1902b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-1902C|&#x1902c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-1902D|&#x1902d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-1902E|&#x1902e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-1902F|&#x1902f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{18.0}};{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1903x |{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19030|&#x19030;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19031|&#x19031;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19032|&#x19032;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19033|&#x19033;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19034|&#x19034;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19035|&#x19035;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19036|&#x19036;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19037|&#x19037;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19038|&#x19038;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19039|&#x19039;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-1903A|&#x1903a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-1903B|&#x1903b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-1903C|&#x1903c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-1903D|&#x1903d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-1903E|&#x1903e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN 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IDEOGRAPH-190C6|&#x190c6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-190C7|&#x190c7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-190C8|&#x190c8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-190C9|&#x190c9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-190CA|&#x190ca;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-190CB|&#x190cb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-190CC|&#x190cc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-190CD|&#x190cd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-190CE|&#x190ce;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-190CF|&#x190cf;}} |----- align="center" style="{{18.0}};{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|190Dx |{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-190D0|&#x190d0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-190D1|&#x190d1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-190D2|&#x190d2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-190D3|&#x190d3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-190D4|&#x190d4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-190D5|&#x190d5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-190D6|&#x190d6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-190D7|&#x190d7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-190D8|&#x190d8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-190D9|&#x190d9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-190DA|&#x190da;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-190DB|&#x190db;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-190DC|&#x190dc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-190DD|&#x190dd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-190DE|&#x190de;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-190DF|&#x190df;}} |----- align="center" style="{{18.0}};{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|190Ex |{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-190E0|&#x190e0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-190E1|&#x190e1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-190E2|&#x190e2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-190E3|&#x190e3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-190E4|&#x190e4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-190E5|&#x190e5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-190E6|&#x190e6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-190E7|&#x190e7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-190E8|&#x190e8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-190E9|&#x190e9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-190EA|&#x190ea;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-190EB|&#x190eb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-190EC|&#x190ec;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-190ED|&#x190ed;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-190EE|&#x190ee;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-190EF|&#x190ef;}} |----- align="center" style="{{18.0}};{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|190Fx |{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-190F0|&#x190f0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-190F1|&#x190f1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-190F2|&#x190f2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-190F3|&#x190f3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-190F4|&#x190f4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-190F5|&#x190f5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-190F6|&#x190f6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-190F7|&#x190f7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-190F8|&#x190f8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-190F9|&#x190f9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-190FA|&#x190fa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-190FB|&#x190fb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-190FC|&#x190fc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-190FD|&#x190fd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-190FE|&#x190fe;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-190FF|&#x190ff;}} |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="{{18.0}};{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1910x |{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19100|&#x19100;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19101|&#x19101;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19102|&#x19102;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19103|&#x19103;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19104|&#x19104;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19105|&#x19105;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19106|&#x19106;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19107|&#x19107;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19108|&#x19108;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19109|&#x19109;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-1910A|&#x1910a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-1910B|&#x1910b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-1910C|&#x1910c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-1910D|&#x1910d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-1910E|&#x1910e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-1910F|&#x1910f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{18.0}};{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1911x |{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19110|&#x19110;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19111|&#x19111;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19112|&#x19112;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19113|&#x19113;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19114|&#x19114;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19115|&#x19115;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19116|&#x19116;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19117|&#x19117;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19118|&#x19118;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19119|&#x19119;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-1911A|&#x1911a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-1911B|&#x1911b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-1911C|&#x1911c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-1911D|&#x1911d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-1911E|&#x1911e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-1911F|&#x1911f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{18.0}};{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1912x |{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19120|&#x19120;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19121|&#x19121;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19122|&#x19122;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19123|&#x19123;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19124|&#x19124;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19125|&#x19125;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19126|&#x19126;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19127|&#x19127;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19128|&#x19128;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19129|&#x19129;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-1912A|&#x1912a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-1912B|&#x1912b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-1912C|&#x1912c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-1912D|&#x1912d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-1912E|&#x1912e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-1912F|&#x1912f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{18.0}};{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1913x |{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19130|&#x19130;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19131|&#x19131;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19132|&#x19132;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19133|&#x19133;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19134|&#x19134;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19135|&#x19135;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19136|&#x19136;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19137|&#x19137;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19138|&#x19138;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19139|&#x19139;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-1913A|&#x1913a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-1913B|&#x1913b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-1913C|&#x1913c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-1913D|&#x1913d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-1913E|&#x1913e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-1913F|&#x1913f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{18.0}};{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1914x |{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19140|&#x19140;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19141|&#x19141;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19142|&#x19142;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19143|&#x19143;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19144|&#x19144;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19145|&#x19145;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19146|&#x19146;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19147|&#x19147;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19148|&#x19148;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19149|&#x19149;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-1914A|&#x1914a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-1914B|&#x1914b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-1914C|&#x1914c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-1914D|&#x1914d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-1914E|&#x1914e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-1914F|&#x1914f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{18.0}};{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1915x |{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19150|&#x19150;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19151|&#x19151;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19152|&#x19152;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19153|&#x19153;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19154|&#x19154;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19155|&#x19155;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19156|&#x19156;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19157|&#x19157;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19158|&#x19158;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19159|&#x19159;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-1915A|&#x1915a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-1915B|&#x1915b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-1915C|&#x1915c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-1915D|&#x1915d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-1915E|&#x1915e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-1915F|&#x1915f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{18.0}};{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1916x |{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19160|&#x19160;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19161|&#x19161;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19162|&#x19162;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19163|&#x19163;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19164|&#x19164;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19165|&#x19165;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19166|&#x19166;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19167|&#x19167;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19168|&#x19168;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19169|&#x19169;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-1916A|&#x1916a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-1916B|&#x1916b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-1916C|&#x1916c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-1916D|&#x1916d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-1916E|&#x1916e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-1916F|&#x1916f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{18.0}};{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1917x |{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19170|&#x19170;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19171|&#x19171;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19172|&#x19172;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19173|&#x19173;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19174|&#x19174;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19175|&#x19175;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19176|&#x19176;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19177|&#x19177;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19178|&#x19178;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19179|&#x19179;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-1917A|&#x1917a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN 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IDEOGRAPH-1918A|&#x1918a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-1918B|&#x1918b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-1918C|&#x1918c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-1918D|&#x1918d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-1918E|&#x1918e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-1918F|&#x1918f;}} |----- style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};text-align:center" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1919x |style="{{18.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19190|&#x19190;}}||style="{{18.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19191|&#x19191;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;| |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Jurchen Radicals''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !style="width:4%"|U+!!style="width:6%"|0!!style="width:6%"|1!!style="width:6%"|2!!style="width:6%"|3!!style="width:6%"|4!!style="width:6%"|5!!style="width:6%"|6!!style="width:6%"|7!!style="width:6%"|8!!style="width:6%"|9!!style="width:6%"|A!!style="width:6%"|B!!style="width:6%"|C!!style="width:6%"|D!!style="width:6%"|E!!style="width:6%"|F |----- style="text-align:center;{{18.0}};{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|191Ax |{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN RADICAL-01|&#x191a0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN RADICAL-02|&#x191a1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN RADICAL-03|&#x191a2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN RADICAL-04|&#x191a3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN RADICAL-05|&#x191a4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN RADICAL-06|&#x191a5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN RADICAL-07|&#x191a6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN RADICAL-08|&#x191a7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN RADICAL-09|&#x191a8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN RADICAL-10|&#x191a9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN RADICAL-11|&#x191aa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN RADICAL-12|&#x191ab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN RADICAL-13|&#x191ac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN RADICAL-14|&#x191ad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN RADICAL-15|&#x191ae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN RADICAL-16|&#x191af;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{18.0}};{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|191Bx |{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN RADICAL-17|&#x191b0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN RADICAL-18|&#x191b1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN RADICAL-19|&#x191b2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN RADICAL-20|&#x191b3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN RADICAL-21|&#x191b4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN RADICAL-22|&#x191b5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN RADICAL-23|&#x191b6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN RADICAL-24|&#x191b7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN RADICAL-25|&#x191b8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN RADICAL-26|&#x191b9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN RADICAL-27|&#x191ba;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN RADICAL-28|&#x191bb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN RADICAL-29|&#x191bc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN RADICAL-30|&#x191bd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN RADICAL-31|&#x191be;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN RADICAL-32|&#x191bf;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{18.0}};{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|191Cx |{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN RADICAL-33|&#x191c0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN RADICAL-34|&#x191c1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN RADICAL-35|&#x191c2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN RADICAL-36|&#x191c3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN RADICAL-37|&#x191c4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN RADICAL-38|&#x191c5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN RADICAL-39|&#x191c6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN RADICAL-40|&#x191c7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN RADICAL-41|&#x191c8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN RADICAL-42|&#x191c9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN RADICAL-43|&#x191ca;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN RADICAL-44|&#x191cb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN RADICAL-45|&#x191cc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN RADICAL-46|&#x191cd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN RADICAL-47|&#x191ce;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN RADICAL-48|&#x191cf;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|191Dx |style="{{18.0}};{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN RADICAL-49|&#x191d0;}}||style="{{18.0}};{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN RADICAL-50|&#x191d1;}}||style="{{18.0}};{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN RADICAL-51|&#x191d2;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | ''Unassigned'' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !style="width:4%"|U+!!style="width:6%"|0!!style="width:6%"|1!!style="width:6%"|2!!style="width:6%"|3!!style="width:6%"|4!!style="width:6%"|5!!style="width:6%"|6!!style="width:6%"|7!!style="width:6%"|8!!style="width:6%"|9!!style="width:6%"|A!!style="width:6%"|B!!style="width:6%"|C!!style="width:6%"|D!!style="width:6%"|E!!style="width:6%"|F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|191Ex |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|191Fx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''''Khitan Large Script''''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1920x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1921x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1922x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1923x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1924x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1925x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1926x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1927x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1928x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1929x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|192Ax |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|192Bx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|192Cx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|192Dx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|192Ex |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|192Fx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1930x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1931x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1932x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1933x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1934x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1935x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1936x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1937x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1938x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1939x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|193Ax |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|193Bx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|193Cx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|193Dx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|193Ex |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|193Fx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1940x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1941x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1942x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1943x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1944x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1945x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1946x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1947x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1948x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1949x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|194Ax |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|194Bx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|194Cx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|194Dx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|194Ex |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|194Fx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1950x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1951x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1952x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1953x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1954x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1955x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1956x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1957x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1958x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1959x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|195Ax |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|195Bx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|195Cx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|195Dx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|195Ex |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|195Fx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1960x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1961x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1962x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1963x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1964x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1965x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1966x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1967x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1968x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1969x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|196Ax |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|196Bx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|196Cx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|196Dx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|196Ex |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|196Fx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1970x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1971x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1972x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1973x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1974x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1975x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1976x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1977x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1978x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1979x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|197Ax |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|197Bx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|197Cx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|197Dx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|197Ex |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|197Fx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1980x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1981x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1982x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1983x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1984x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1985x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1986x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1987x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1988x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1989x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|198Ax |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|198Bx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|198Cx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|198Dx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|198Ex |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|198Fx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1990x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1991x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1992x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1993x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1994x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1995x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1996x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1997x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1998x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1999x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|199Ax |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|199Bx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|199Cx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|199Dx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|199Ex |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|199Fx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19A0x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19A1x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19A2x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19A3x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19A4x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19A5x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19A6x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19A7x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19A8x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19A9x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19AAx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19ABx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19ACx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19ADx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19AEx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19AFx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | ''Unassigned'' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19B0x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19B1x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19B2x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19B3x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19B4x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19B5x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19B6x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19B7x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19B8x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19B9x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19BAx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19BBx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19BCx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19BDx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19BEx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19BFx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19C0x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19C1x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19C2x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19C3x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19C4x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19C5x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19C6x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19C7x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19C8x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19C9x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19CAx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19CBx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19CCx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19CDx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19CEx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19CFx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19D0x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19D1x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19D2x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19D3x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19D4x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19D5x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19D6x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19D7x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19D8x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19D9x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19DAx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19DBx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19DCx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19DDx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19DEx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19DFx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''''Pau Cin Hau Syllabary''''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19E0x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19E1x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19E2x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19E3x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19E4x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19E5x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19E6x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19E7x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19E8x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19E9x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19EAx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19EBx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19ECx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19EDx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19EEx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19EFx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19F0x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19F1x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19F2x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19F3x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19F4x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19F5x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19F6x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19F7x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19F8x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19F9x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19FAx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19FBx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19FCx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19FDx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19FEx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19FFx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |} {{:Unicode/Character/footer}} pzjxpn8rkwm8bv7dgw6z2s1bux7l0sk 4679279 4679278 2026-10-31T14:31:07Z ILYA125467 3627024 Fix 4679279 wikitext text/x-wiki {{:Unicode/Character reference}} {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse:collapse;" |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Jurchen (ctd.)''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !width="4%"|U+!!width="6%"|0!!width="6%"|1!!width="6%"|2!!width="6%"|3!!width="6%"|4!!width="6%"|5!!width="6%"|6!!width="6%"|7!!width="6%"|8!!width="6%"|9!!width="6%"|A!!width="6%"|B!!width="6%"|C!!width="6%"|D!!width="6%"|E!!width="6%"|F |----- align="center" style="{{18.0}};{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1900x |{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19000|&#x19000;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19001|&#x19001;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN 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style="{{18.0}};{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1905x |{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19050|&#x19050;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19051|&#x19051;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19052|&#x19052;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19053|&#x19053;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19054|&#x19054;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19055|&#x19055;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19056|&#x19056;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19057|&#x19057;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19058|&#x19058;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19059|&#x19059;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-1905A|&#x1905a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-1905B|&#x1905b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-1905C|&#x1905c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-1905D|&#x1905d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-1905E|&#x1905e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN 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IDEOGRAPH-190D7|&#x190d7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-190D8|&#x190d8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-190D9|&#x190d9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-190DA|&#x190da;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-190DB|&#x190db;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-190DC|&#x190dc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-190DD|&#x190dd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-190DE|&#x190de;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-190DF|&#x190df;}} |----- align="center" style="{{18.0}};{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|190Ex |{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-190E0|&#x190e0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-190E1|&#x190e1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-190E2|&#x190e2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-190E3|&#x190e3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-190E4|&#x190e4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-190E5|&#x190e5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN 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!style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1914x |{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19140|&#x19140;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19141|&#x19141;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19142|&#x19142;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19143|&#x19143;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19144|&#x19144;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19145|&#x19145;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19146|&#x19146;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19147|&#x19147;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19148|&#x19148;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19149|&#x19149;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-1914A|&#x1914a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-1914B|&#x1914b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-1914C|&#x1914c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-1914D|&#x1914d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-1914E|&#x1914e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-1914F|&#x1914f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{18.0}};{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1915x |{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19150|&#x19150;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19151|&#x19151;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19152|&#x19152;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19153|&#x19153;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19154|&#x19154;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19155|&#x19155;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19156|&#x19156;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19157|&#x19157;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19158|&#x19158;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19159|&#x19159;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-1915A|&#x1915a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-1915B|&#x1915b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-1915C|&#x1915c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-1915D|&#x1915d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-1915E|&#x1915e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-1915F|&#x1915f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{18.0}};{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1916x |{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19160|&#x19160;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19161|&#x19161;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19162|&#x19162;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19163|&#x19163;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19164|&#x19164;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19165|&#x19165;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19166|&#x19166;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19167|&#x19167;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19168|&#x19168;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19169|&#x19169;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-1916A|&#x1916a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-1916B|&#x1916b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-1916C|&#x1916c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-1916D|&#x1916d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-1916E|&#x1916e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-1916F|&#x1916f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{18.0}};{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1917x |{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19170|&#x19170;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19171|&#x19171;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19172|&#x19172;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19173|&#x19173;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19174|&#x19174;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19175|&#x19175;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19176|&#x19176;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19177|&#x19177;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19178|&#x19178;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19179|&#x19179;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-1917A|&#x1917a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-1917B|&#x1917b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-1917C|&#x1917c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-1917D|&#x1917d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-1917E|&#x1917e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-1917F|&#x1917f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{18.0}};{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1918x |{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19180|&#x19180;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19181|&#x19181;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19182|&#x19182;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19183|&#x19183;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19184|&#x19184;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19185|&#x19185;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19186|&#x19186;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19187|&#x19187;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19188|&#x19188;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19189|&#x19189;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-1918A|&#x1918a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-1918B|&#x1918b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-1918C|&#x1918c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-1918D|&#x1918d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-1918E|&#x1918e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-1918F|&#x1918f;}} |----- style="background:#777777;{{text default color}};text-align:center" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1919x |style="{{18.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19190|&#x19190;}}||style="{{18.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-19191|&#x19191;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Jurchen Radicals''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !style="width:4%"|U+!!style="width:6%"|0!!style="width:6%"|1!!style="width:6%"|2!!style="width:6%"|3!!style="width:6%"|4!!style="width:6%"|5!!style="width:6%"|6!!style="width:6%"|7!!style="width:6%"|8!!style="width:6%"|9!!style="width:6%"|A!!style="width:6%"|B!!style="width:6%"|C!!style="width:6%"|D!!style="width:6%"|E!!style="width:6%"|F |----- style="text-align:center;{{18.0}};{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|191Ax |{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN RADICAL-01|&#x191a0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN RADICAL-02|&#x191a1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN RADICAL-03|&#x191a2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN RADICAL-04|&#x191a3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN RADICAL-05|&#x191a4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN RADICAL-06|&#x191a5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN RADICAL-07|&#x191a6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN RADICAL-08|&#x191a7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN RADICAL-09|&#x191a8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN RADICAL-10|&#x191a9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN RADICAL-11|&#x191aa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN RADICAL-12|&#x191ab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN RADICAL-13|&#x191ac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN RADICAL-14|&#x191ad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN RADICAL-15|&#x191ae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN RADICAL-16|&#x191af;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{18.0}};{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|191Bx |{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN RADICAL-17|&#x191b0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN RADICAL-18|&#x191b1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN RADICAL-19|&#x191b2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN RADICAL-20|&#x191b3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN RADICAL-21|&#x191b4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN RADICAL-22|&#x191b5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN RADICAL-23|&#x191b6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN RADICAL-24|&#x191b7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN RADICAL-25|&#x191b8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN RADICAL-26|&#x191b9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN RADICAL-27|&#x191ba;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN RADICAL-28|&#x191bb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN RADICAL-29|&#x191bc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN RADICAL-30|&#x191bd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN RADICAL-31|&#x191be;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN RADICAL-32|&#x191bf;}} |----- style="text-align:center;{{18.0}};{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|191Cx |{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN RADICAL-33|&#x191c0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN RADICAL-34|&#x191c1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN RADICAL-35|&#x191c2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN RADICAL-36|&#x191c3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN RADICAL-37|&#x191c4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN RADICAL-38|&#x191c5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN RADICAL-39|&#x191c6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN RADICAL-40|&#x191c7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN RADICAL-41|&#x191c8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN RADICAL-42|&#x191c9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN RADICAL-43|&#x191ca;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN RADICAL-44|&#x191cb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN RADICAL-45|&#x191cc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN RADICAL-46|&#x191cd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN RADICAL-47|&#x191ce;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN RADICAL-48|&#x191cf;}} |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|191Dx |style="{{18.0}};{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN RADICAL-49|&#x191d0;}}||style="{{18.0}};{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN RADICAL-50|&#x191d1;}}||style="{{18.0}};{{text default color}};"|{{H:title|dotted=no|JURCHEN RADICAL-51|&#x191d2;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | ''Unassigned'' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !style="width:4%"|U+!!style="width:6%"|0!!style="width:6%"|1!!style="width:6%"|2!!style="width:6%"|3!!style="width:6%"|4!!style="width:6%"|5!!style="width:6%"|6!!style="width:6%"|7!!style="width:6%"|8!!style="width:6%"|9!!style="width:6%"|A!!style="width:6%"|B!!style="width:6%"|C!!style="width:6%"|D!!style="width:6%"|E!!style="width:6%"|F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|191Ex |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|191Fx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''''Khitan Large Script''''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1920x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1921x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1922x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1923x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1924x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1925x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1926x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1927x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1928x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1929x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|192Ax |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|192Bx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|192Cx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|192Dx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|192Ex |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|192Fx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1930x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1931x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1932x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1933x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1934x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1935x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1936x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1937x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1938x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1939x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|193Ax |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|193Bx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|193Cx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|193Dx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|193Ex |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|193Fx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1940x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1941x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1942x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1943x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1944x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1945x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1946x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1947x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1948x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1949x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|194Ax |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|194Bx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|194Cx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|194Dx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|194Ex |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|194Fx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1950x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1951x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1952x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1953x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1954x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1955x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1956x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1957x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1958x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1959x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|195Ax |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|195Bx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|195Cx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|195Dx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|195Ex |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|195Fx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1960x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1961x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1962x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1963x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1964x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1965x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1966x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1967x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1968x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1969x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|196Ax |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|196Bx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|196Cx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|196Dx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|196Ex |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|196Fx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1970x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1971x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1972x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1973x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1974x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1975x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1976x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1977x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1978x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1979x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|197Ax |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|197Bx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|197Cx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|197Dx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|197Ex |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|197Fx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1980x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1981x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1982x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1983x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1984x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1985x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1986x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1987x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1988x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1989x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|198Ax |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|198Bx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|198Cx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|198Dx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|198Ex |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|198Fx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1990x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1991x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1992x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1993x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1994x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1995x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1996x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1997x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1998x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|1999x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|199Ax |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|199Bx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|199Cx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|199Dx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|199Ex |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|199Fx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19A0x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19A1x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19A2x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19A3x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19A4x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19A5x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19A6x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19A7x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19A8x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19A9x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19AAx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19ABx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19ACx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19ADx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19AEx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19AFx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | ''Unassigned'' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19B0x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19B1x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19B2x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19B3x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19B4x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19B5x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19B6x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19B7x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19B8x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19B9x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19BAx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19BBx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19BCx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19BDx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19BEx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19BFx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19C0x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19C1x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19C2x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19C3x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19C4x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19C5x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19C6x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19C7x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19C8x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19C9x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19CAx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19CBx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19CCx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19CDx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19CEx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19CFx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19D0x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19D1x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19D2x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19D3x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19D4x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19D5x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19D6x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19D7x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19D8x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19D9x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19DAx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19DBx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19DCx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19DDx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19DEx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19DFx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''''Pau Cin Hau Syllabary''''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19E0x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19E1x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19E2x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19E3x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19E4x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19E5x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19E6x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19E7x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19E8x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19E9x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19EAx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19EBx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19ECx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19EDx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19EEx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19EFx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19F0x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19F1x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19F2x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19F3x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19F4x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19F5x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19F6x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19F7x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19F8x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19F9x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19FAx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19FBx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19FCx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19FDx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19FEx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|19FFx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |} {{:Unicode/Character/footer}} c8p7kadrh30udyx9vo7kvrzn2grs3xr Unicode/Character reference/3D000-3DFFF 0 433336 4679272 4664985 2026-10-31T13:43:47Z ILYA125467 3627024 Added all characters on this page 4679272 wikitext text/x-wiki {{:Unicode/Character reference}} {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse:collapse;" |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center" | '''Seal Script''' |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !width="4%"|U+!!width="6%"|0!!width="6%"|1!!width="6%"|2!!width="6%"|3!!width="6%"|4!!width="6%"|5!!width="6%"|6!!width="6%"|7!!width="6%"|8!!width="6%"|9!!width="6%"|A!!width="6%"|B!!width="6%"|C!!width="6%"|D!!width="6%"|E!!width="6%"|F |----- align="center" style="{{18.0}};{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3D00x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D000|&#x3d000;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D001|&#x3d001;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D002|&#x3d002;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D003|&#x3d003;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D004|&#x3d004;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D005|&#x3d005;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D006|&#x3d006;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D007|&#x3d007;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D008|&#x3d008;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D009|&#x3d009;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D00A|&#x3d00a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D00B|&#x3d00b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D00C|&#x3d00c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D00D|&#x3d00d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D00E|&#x3d00e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D00F|&#x3d00f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{18.0}};{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3D01x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D010|&#x3d010;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D011|&#x3d011;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D012|&#x3d012;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D013|&#x3d013;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D014|&#x3d014;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D015|&#x3d015;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D016|&#x3d016;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D017|&#x3d017;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D018|&#x3d018;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D019|&#x3d019;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D01A|&#x3d01a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D01B|&#x3d01b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D01C|&#x3d01c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D01D|&#x3d01d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D01E|&#x3d01e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D01F|&#x3d01f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{18.0}};{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3D02x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D020|&#x3d020;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D021|&#x3d021;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D022|&#x3d022;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D023|&#x3d023;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D024|&#x3d024;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D025|&#x3d025;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D026|&#x3d026;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D027|&#x3d027;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D028|&#x3d028;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D029|&#x3d029;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D02A|&#x3d02a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D02B|&#x3d02b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D02C|&#x3d02c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D02D|&#x3d02d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D02E|&#x3d02e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D02F|&#x3d02f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{18.0}};{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3D03x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D030|&#x3d030;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D031|&#x3d031;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D032|&#x3d032;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D033|&#x3d033;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D034|&#x3d034;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D035|&#x3d035;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D036|&#x3d036;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D037|&#x3d037;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D038|&#x3d038;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D039|&#x3d039;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D03A|&#x3d03a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D03B|&#x3d03b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D03C|&#x3d03c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D03D|&#x3d03d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D03E|&#x3d03e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D03F|&#x3d03f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{18.0}};{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3D04x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D040|&#x3d040;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D041|&#x3d041;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D042|&#x3d042;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D043|&#x3d043;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D044|&#x3d044;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D045|&#x3d045;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D046|&#x3d046;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D047|&#x3d047;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D048|&#x3d048;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D049|&#x3d049;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D04A|&#x3d04a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D04B|&#x3d04b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D04C|&#x3d04c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D04D|&#x3d04d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D04E|&#x3d04e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D04F|&#x3d04f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{18.0}};{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3D05x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D050|&#x3d050;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D051|&#x3d051;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D052|&#x3d052;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D053|&#x3d053;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D054|&#x3d054;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D055|&#x3d055;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D056|&#x3d056;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D057|&#x3d057;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D058|&#x3d058;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D059|&#x3d059;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D05A|&#x3d05a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D05B|&#x3d05b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D05C|&#x3d05c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D05D|&#x3d05d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D05E|&#x3d05e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D05F|&#x3d05f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{18.0}};{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3D06x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D060|&#x3d060;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D061|&#x3d061;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D062|&#x3d062;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D063|&#x3d063;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D064|&#x3d064;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D065|&#x3d065;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D066|&#x3d066;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D067|&#x3d067;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D068|&#x3d068;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D069|&#x3d069;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D06A|&#x3d06a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D06B|&#x3d06b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D06C|&#x3d06c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D06D|&#x3d06d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D06E|&#x3d06e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D06F|&#x3d06f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{18.0}};{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3D07x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D070|&#x3d070;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D071|&#x3d071;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D072|&#x3d072;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D073|&#x3d073;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D074|&#x3d074;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D075|&#x3d075;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D076|&#x3d076;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D077|&#x3d077;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D078|&#x3d078;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D079|&#x3d079;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D07A|&#x3d07a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D07B|&#x3d07b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D07C|&#x3d07c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D07D|&#x3d07d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D07E|&#x3d07e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D07F|&#x3d07f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{18.0}};{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3D08x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D080|&#x3d080;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D081|&#x3d081;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D082|&#x3d082;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D083|&#x3d083;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D084|&#x3d084;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D085|&#x3d085;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D086|&#x3d086;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D087|&#x3d087;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D088|&#x3d088;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D089|&#x3d089;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D08A|&#x3d08a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D08B|&#x3d08b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D08C|&#x3d08c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D08D|&#x3d08d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D08E|&#x3d08e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D08F|&#x3d08f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{18.0}};{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3D09x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D090|&#x3d090;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D091|&#x3d091;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D092|&#x3d092;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D093|&#x3d093;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D094|&#x3d094;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D095|&#x3d095;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D096|&#x3d096;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D097|&#x3d097;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D098|&#x3d098;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D099|&#x3d099;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D09A|&#x3d09a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D09B|&#x3d09b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D09C|&#x3d09c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D09D|&#x3d09d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D09E|&#x3d09e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D09F|&#x3d09f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{18.0}};{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3D0Ax |{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D0A0|&#x3d0a0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D0A1|&#x3d0a1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D0A2|&#x3d0a2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D0A3|&#x3d0a3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D0A4|&#x3d0a4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D0A5|&#x3d0a5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D0A6|&#x3d0a6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D0A7|&#x3d0a7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D0A8|&#x3d0a8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D0A9|&#x3d0a9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D0AA|&#x3d0aa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D0AB|&#x3d0ab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D0AC|&#x3d0ac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D0AD|&#x3d0ad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D0AE|&#x3d0ae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D0AF|&#x3d0af;}} |----- align="center" style="{{18.0}};{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3D0Bx |{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D0B0|&#x3d0b0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D0B1|&#x3d0b1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D0B2|&#x3d0b2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D0B3|&#x3d0b3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D0B4|&#x3d0b4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D0B5|&#x3d0b5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D0B6|&#x3d0b6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D0B7|&#x3d0b7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D0B8|&#x3d0b8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D0B9|&#x3d0b9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D0BA|&#x3d0ba;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D0BB|&#x3d0bb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D0BC|&#x3d0bc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D0BD|&#x3d0bd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D0BE|&#x3d0be;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D0BF|&#x3d0bf;}} |----- align="center" style="{{18.0}};{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3D0Cx |{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D0C0|&#x3d0c0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D0C1|&#x3d0c1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D0C2|&#x3d0c2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D0C3|&#x3d0c3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D0C4|&#x3d0c4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D0C5|&#x3d0c5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D0C6|&#x3d0c6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D0C7|&#x3d0c7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D0C8|&#x3d0c8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D0C9|&#x3d0c9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D0CA|&#x3d0ca;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D0CB|&#x3d0cb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D0CC|&#x3d0cc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D0CD|&#x3d0cd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D0CE|&#x3d0ce;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D0CF|&#x3d0cf;}} |----- align="center" style="{{18.0}};{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3D0Dx |{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL 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!style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3D1Bx |{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D1B0|&#x3d1b0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D1B1|&#x3d1b1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D1B2|&#x3d1b2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D1B3|&#x3d1b3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D1B4|&#x3d1b4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D1B5|&#x3d1b5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D1B6|&#x3d1b6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D1B7|&#x3d1b7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D1B8|&#x3d1b8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D1B9|&#x3d1b9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D1BA|&#x3d1ba;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D1BB|&#x3d1bb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D1BC|&#x3d1bc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D1BD|&#x3d1bd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D1BE|&#x3d1be;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D1BF|&#x3d1bf;}} |----- align="center" style="{{18.0}};{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3D1Cx |{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D1C0|&#x3d1c0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D1C1|&#x3d1c1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D1C2|&#x3d1c2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D1C3|&#x3d1c3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D1C4|&#x3d1c4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D1C5|&#x3d1c5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D1C6|&#x3d1c6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D1C7|&#x3d1c7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D1C8|&#x3d1c8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D1C9|&#x3d1c9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D1CA|&#x3d1ca;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D1CB|&#x3d1cb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D1CC|&#x3d1cc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D1CD|&#x3d1cd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D1CE|&#x3d1ce;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D1CF|&#x3d1cf;}} |----- align="center" style="{{18.0}};{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3D1Dx |{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D1D0|&#x3d1d0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D1D1|&#x3d1d1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D1D2|&#x3d1d2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D1D3|&#x3d1d3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D1D4|&#x3d1d4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D1D5|&#x3d1d5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D1D6|&#x3d1d6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D1D7|&#x3d1d7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D1D8|&#x3d1d8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D1D9|&#x3d1d9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D1DA|&#x3d1da;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D1DB|&#x3d1db;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D1DC|&#x3d1dc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D1DD|&#x3d1dd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D1DE|&#x3d1de;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D1DF|&#x3d1df;}} |----- align="center" style="{{18.0}};{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3D1Ex |{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D1E0|&#x3d1e0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D1E1|&#x3d1e1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D1E2|&#x3d1e2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D1E3|&#x3d1e3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D1E4|&#x3d1e4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D1E5|&#x3d1e5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D1E6|&#x3d1e6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D1E7|&#x3d1e7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D1E8|&#x3d1e8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D1E9|&#x3d1e9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D1EA|&#x3d1ea;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D1EB|&#x3d1eb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D1EC|&#x3d1ec;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D1ED|&#x3d1ed;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D1EE|&#x3d1ee;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D1EF|&#x3d1ef;}} |----- align="center" style="{{18.0}};{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3D1Fx |{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D1F0|&#x3d1f0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D1F1|&#x3d1f1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D1F2|&#x3d1f2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D1F3|&#x3d1f3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D1F4|&#x3d1f4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D1F5|&#x3d1f5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D1F6|&#x3d1f6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D1F7|&#x3d1f7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D1F8|&#x3d1f8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D1F9|&#x3d1f9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D1FA|&#x3d1fa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D1FB|&#x3d1fb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D1FC|&#x3d1fc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D1FD|&#x3d1fd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D1FE|&#x3d1fe;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D1FF|&#x3d1ff;}} |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="{{18.0}};{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3D20x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D200|&#x3d200;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D201|&#x3d201;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D202|&#x3d202;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D203|&#x3d203;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D204|&#x3d204;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D205|&#x3d205;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D206|&#x3d206;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D207|&#x3d207;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D208|&#x3d208;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D209|&#x3d209;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D20A|&#x3d20a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D20B|&#x3d20b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D20C|&#x3d20c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D20D|&#x3d20d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL 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CHARACTER-3D36C|&#x3d36c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D36D|&#x3d36d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D36E|&#x3d36e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D36F|&#x3d36f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{18.0}};{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3D37x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D370|&#x3d370;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D371|&#x3d371;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D372|&#x3d372;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D373|&#x3d373;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D374|&#x3d374;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D375|&#x3d375;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D376|&#x3d376;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D377|&#x3d377;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D378|&#x3d378;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D379|&#x3d379;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D37A|&#x3d37a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D37B|&#x3d37b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D37C|&#x3d37c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D37D|&#x3d37d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D37E|&#x3d37e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D37F|&#x3d37f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{18.0}};{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3D38x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D380|&#x3d380;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D381|&#x3d381;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D382|&#x3d382;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D383|&#x3d383;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D384|&#x3d384;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D385|&#x3d385;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D386|&#x3d386;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D387|&#x3d387;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D388|&#x3d388;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D389|&#x3d389;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D38A|&#x3d38a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D38B|&#x3d38b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D38C|&#x3d38c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D38D|&#x3d38d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D38E|&#x3d38e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D38F|&#x3d38f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{18.0}};{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3D39x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D390|&#x3d390;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D391|&#x3d391;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D392|&#x3d392;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D393|&#x3d393;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D394|&#x3d394;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D395|&#x3d395;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D396|&#x3d396;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D397|&#x3d397;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D398|&#x3d398;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D399|&#x3d399;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D39A|&#x3d39a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D39B|&#x3d39b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL 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CHARACTER-3D3AC|&#x3d3ac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D3AD|&#x3d3ad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D3AE|&#x3d3ae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D3AF|&#x3d3af;}} |----- align="center" style="{{18.0}};{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3D3Bx |{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D3B0|&#x3d3b0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D3B1|&#x3d3b1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D3B2|&#x3d3b2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D3B3|&#x3d3b3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D3B4|&#x3d3b4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D3B5|&#x3d3b5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D3B6|&#x3d3b6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D3B7|&#x3d3b7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D3B8|&#x3d3b8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D3B9|&#x3d3b9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D3BA|&#x3d3ba;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D3BB|&#x3d3bb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL 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CHARACTER-3D42A|&#x3d42a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D42B|&#x3d42b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D42C|&#x3d42c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D42D|&#x3d42d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D42E|&#x3d42e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D42F|&#x3d42f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{18.0}};{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3D43x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D430|&#x3d430;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D431|&#x3d431;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D432|&#x3d432;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D433|&#x3d433;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D434|&#x3d434;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D435|&#x3d435;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D436|&#x3d436;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D437|&#x3d437;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D438|&#x3d438;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D439|&#x3d439;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D43A|&#x3d43a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D43B|&#x3d43b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D43C|&#x3d43c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D43D|&#x3d43d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D43E|&#x3d43e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D43F|&#x3d43f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{18.0}};{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3D44x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D440|&#x3d440;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D441|&#x3d441;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D442|&#x3d442;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D443|&#x3d443;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D444|&#x3d444;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D445|&#x3d445;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D446|&#x3d446;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D447|&#x3d447;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D448|&#x3d448;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D449|&#x3d449;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D44A|&#x3d44a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D44B|&#x3d44b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D44C|&#x3d44c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D44D|&#x3d44d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D44E|&#x3d44e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D44F|&#x3d44f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{18.0}};{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3D45x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D450|&#x3d450;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D451|&#x3d451;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D452|&#x3d452;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D453|&#x3d453;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D454|&#x3d454;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D455|&#x3d455;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D456|&#x3d456;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D457|&#x3d457;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D458|&#x3d458;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D459|&#x3d459;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D45A|&#x3d45a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D45B|&#x3d45b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D45C|&#x3d45c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D45D|&#x3d45d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D45E|&#x3d45e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D45F|&#x3d45f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{18.0}};{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3D46x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D460|&#x3d460;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D461|&#x3d461;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D462|&#x3d462;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D463|&#x3d463;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D464|&#x3d464;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D465|&#x3d465;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D466|&#x3d466;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D467|&#x3d467;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D468|&#x3d468;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D469|&#x3d469;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D46A|&#x3d46a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D46B|&#x3d46b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D46C|&#x3d46c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D46D|&#x3d46d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D46E|&#x3d46e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D46F|&#x3d46f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{18.0}};{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3D47x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D470|&#x3d470;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D471|&#x3d471;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D472|&#x3d472;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D473|&#x3d473;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D474|&#x3d474;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D475|&#x3d475;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D476|&#x3d476;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D477|&#x3d477;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D478|&#x3d478;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D479|&#x3d479;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D47A|&#x3d47a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D47B|&#x3d47b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D47C|&#x3d47c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D47D|&#x3d47d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D47E|&#x3d47e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D47F|&#x3d47f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{18.0}};{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3D48x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D480|&#x3d480;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D481|&#x3d481;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D482|&#x3d482;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D483|&#x3d483;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D484|&#x3d484;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D485|&#x3d485;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D486|&#x3d486;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D487|&#x3d487;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D488|&#x3d488;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D489|&#x3d489;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D48A|&#x3d48a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D48B|&#x3d48b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D48C|&#x3d48c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D48D|&#x3d48d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D48E|&#x3d48e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D48F|&#x3d48f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{18.0}};{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3D49x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D490|&#x3d490;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D491|&#x3d491;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D492|&#x3d492;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D493|&#x3d493;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D494|&#x3d494;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D495|&#x3d495;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D496|&#x3d496;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D497|&#x3d497;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D498|&#x3d498;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D499|&#x3d499;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL 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CHARACTER-3D4EA|&#x3d4ea;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D4EB|&#x3d4eb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D4EC|&#x3d4ec;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D4ED|&#x3d4ed;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D4EE|&#x3d4ee;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D4EF|&#x3d4ef;}} |----- align="center" style="{{18.0}};{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3D4Fx |{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D4F0|&#x3d4f0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D4F1|&#x3d4f1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D4F2|&#x3d4f2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D4F3|&#x3d4f3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D4F4|&#x3d4f4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D4F5|&#x3d4f5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D4F6|&#x3d4f6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D4F7|&#x3d4f7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D4F8|&#x3d4f8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D4F9|&#x3d4f9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL 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CHARACTER-3D508|&#x3d508;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D509|&#x3d509;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D50A|&#x3d50a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D50B|&#x3d50b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D50C|&#x3d50c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D50D|&#x3d50d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D50E|&#x3d50e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D50F|&#x3d50f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{18.0}};{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3D51x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D510|&#x3d510;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D511|&#x3d511;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D512|&#x3d512;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D513|&#x3d513;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D514|&#x3d514;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D515|&#x3d515;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D516|&#x3d516;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D517|&#x3d517;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D518|&#x3d518;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D519|&#x3d519;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D51A|&#x3d51a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D51B|&#x3d51b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D51C|&#x3d51c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D51D|&#x3d51d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D51E|&#x3d51e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D51F|&#x3d51f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{18.0}};{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3D52x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D520|&#x3d520;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D521|&#x3d521;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D522|&#x3d522;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D523|&#x3d523;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D524|&#x3d524;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D525|&#x3d525;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D526|&#x3d526;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D527|&#x3d527;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D528|&#x3d528;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D529|&#x3d529;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D52A|&#x3d52a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D52B|&#x3d52b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D52C|&#x3d52c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D52D|&#x3d52d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D52E|&#x3d52e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D52F|&#x3d52f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{18.0}};{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3D53x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D530|&#x3d530;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D531|&#x3d531;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D532|&#x3d532;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D533|&#x3d533;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D534|&#x3d534;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D535|&#x3d535;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D536|&#x3d536;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D537|&#x3d537;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D538|&#x3d538;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D539|&#x3d539;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D53A|&#x3d53a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D53B|&#x3d53b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D53C|&#x3d53c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D53D|&#x3d53d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D53E|&#x3d53e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D53F|&#x3d53f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{18.0}};{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3D54x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D540|&#x3d540;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D541|&#x3d541;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D542|&#x3d542;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D543|&#x3d543;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D544|&#x3d544;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D545|&#x3d545;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D546|&#x3d546;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D547|&#x3d547;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D548|&#x3d548;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D549|&#x3d549;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D54A|&#x3d54a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D54B|&#x3d54b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D54C|&#x3d54c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D54D|&#x3d54d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D54E|&#x3d54e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D54F|&#x3d54f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{18.0}};{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3D55x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D550|&#x3d550;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D551|&#x3d551;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D552|&#x3d552;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D553|&#x3d553;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D554|&#x3d554;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D555|&#x3d555;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D556|&#x3d556;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D557|&#x3d557;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D558|&#x3d558;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D559|&#x3d559;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D55A|&#x3d55a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D55B|&#x3d55b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D55C|&#x3d55c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D55D|&#x3d55d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D55E|&#x3d55e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D55F|&#x3d55f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{18.0}};{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3D56x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D560|&#x3d560;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D561|&#x3d561;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D562|&#x3d562;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D563|&#x3d563;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D564|&#x3d564;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D565|&#x3d565;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D566|&#x3d566;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D567|&#x3d567;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D568|&#x3d568;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D569|&#x3d569;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D56A|&#x3d56a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D56B|&#x3d56b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D56C|&#x3d56c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D56D|&#x3d56d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D56E|&#x3d56e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D56F|&#x3d56f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{18.0}};{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3D57x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D570|&#x3d570;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D571|&#x3d571;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D572|&#x3d572;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D573|&#x3d573;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D574|&#x3d574;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D575|&#x3d575;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D576|&#x3d576;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D577|&#x3d577;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D578|&#x3d578;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D579|&#x3d579;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D57A|&#x3d57a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D57B|&#x3d57b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D57C|&#x3d57c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D57D|&#x3d57d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D57E|&#x3d57e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D57F|&#x3d57f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{18.0}};{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3D58x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D580|&#x3d580;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D581|&#x3d581;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D582|&#x3d582;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D583|&#x3d583;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D584|&#x3d584;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D585|&#x3d585;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D586|&#x3d586;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D587|&#x3d587;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D588|&#x3d588;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D589|&#x3d589;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D58A|&#x3d58a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D58B|&#x3d58b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D58C|&#x3d58c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D58D|&#x3d58d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D58E|&#x3d58e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D58F|&#x3d58f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{18.0}};{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3D59x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D590|&#x3d590;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D591|&#x3d591;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D592|&#x3d592;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D593|&#x3d593;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D594|&#x3d594;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D595|&#x3d595;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D596|&#x3d596;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D597|&#x3d597;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL 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CHARACTER-3D5C8|&#x3d5c8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D5C9|&#x3d5c9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D5CA|&#x3d5ca;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D5CB|&#x3d5cb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D5CC|&#x3d5cc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D5CD|&#x3d5cd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D5CE|&#x3d5ce;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D5CF|&#x3d5cf;}} |----- align="center" style="{{18.0}};{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3D5Dx |{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D5D0|&#x3d5d0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D5D1|&#x3d5d1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D5D2|&#x3d5d2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D5D3|&#x3d5d3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D5D4|&#x3d5d4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D5D5|&#x3d5d5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D5D6|&#x3d5d6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D5D7|&#x3d5d7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D5D8|&#x3d5d8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D5D9|&#x3d5d9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D5DA|&#x3d5da;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D5DB|&#x3d5db;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D5DC|&#x3d5dc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D5DD|&#x3d5dd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D5DE|&#x3d5de;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D5DF|&#x3d5df;}} |----- align="center" style="{{18.0}};{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3D5Ex |{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D5E0|&#x3d5e0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D5E1|&#x3d5e1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D5E2|&#x3d5e2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D5E3|&#x3d5e3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D5E4|&#x3d5e4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D5E5|&#x3d5e5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D5E6|&#x3d5e6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D5E7|&#x3d5e7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL 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CHARACTER-3D8A2|&#x3d8a2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D8A3|&#x3d8a3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D8A4|&#x3d8a4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D8A5|&#x3d8a5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D8A6|&#x3d8a6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D8A7|&#x3d8a7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D8A8|&#x3d8a8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D8A9|&#x3d8a9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D8AA|&#x3d8aa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D8AB|&#x3d8ab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D8AC|&#x3d8ac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D8AD|&#x3d8ad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D8AE|&#x3d8ae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D8AF|&#x3d8af;}} |----- align="center" style="{{18.0}};{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3D8Bx |{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D8B0|&#x3d8b0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D8B1|&#x3d8b1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D8B2|&#x3d8b2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D8B3|&#x3d8b3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D8B4|&#x3d8b4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D8B5|&#x3d8b5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D8B6|&#x3d8b6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D8B7|&#x3d8b7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D8B8|&#x3d8b8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D8B9|&#x3d8b9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D8BA|&#x3d8ba;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D8BB|&#x3d8bb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D8BC|&#x3d8bc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D8BD|&#x3d8bd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D8BE|&#x3d8be;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D8BF|&#x3d8bf;}} |----- align="center" style="{{18.0}};{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3D8Cx |{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D8C0|&#x3d8c0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3D8C1|&#x3d8c1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL 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!style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3DA6x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DA60|&#x3da60;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DA61|&#x3da61;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DA62|&#x3da62;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DA63|&#x3da63;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DA64|&#x3da64;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DA65|&#x3da65;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DA66|&#x3da66;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DA67|&#x3da67;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DA68|&#x3da68;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DA69|&#x3da69;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DA6A|&#x3da6a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DA6B|&#x3da6b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DA6C|&#x3da6c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DA6D|&#x3da6d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DA6E|&#x3da6e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DA6F|&#x3da6f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{18.0}};{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3DA7x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DA70|&#x3da70;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DA71|&#x3da71;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DA72|&#x3da72;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DA73|&#x3da73;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DA74|&#x3da74;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DA75|&#x3da75;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DA76|&#x3da76;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DA77|&#x3da77;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DA78|&#x3da78;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DA79|&#x3da79;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DA7A|&#x3da7a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DA7B|&#x3da7b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DA7C|&#x3da7c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DA7D|&#x3da7d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DA7E|&#x3da7e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DA7F|&#x3da7f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{18.0}};{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3DA8x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DA80|&#x3da80;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DA81|&#x3da81;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DA82|&#x3da82;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DA83|&#x3da83;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DA84|&#x3da84;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DA85|&#x3da85;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DA86|&#x3da86;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DA87|&#x3da87;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DA88|&#x3da88;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DA89|&#x3da89;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DA8A|&#x3da8a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DA8B|&#x3da8b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DA8C|&#x3da8c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DA8D|&#x3da8d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DA8E|&#x3da8e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DA8F|&#x3da8f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{18.0}};{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3DA9x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DA90|&#x3da90;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DA91|&#x3da91;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DA92|&#x3da92;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DA93|&#x3da93;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DA94|&#x3da94;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DA95|&#x3da95;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DA96|&#x3da96;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DA97|&#x3da97;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DA98|&#x3da98;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DA99|&#x3da99;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DA9A|&#x3da9a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DA9B|&#x3da9b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DA9C|&#x3da9c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DA9D|&#x3da9d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DA9E|&#x3da9e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DA9F|&#x3da9f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{18.0}};{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3DAAx |{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DAA0|&#x3daa0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DAA1|&#x3daa1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DAA2|&#x3daa2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DAA3|&#x3daa3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DAA4|&#x3daa4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DAA5|&#x3daa5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DAA6|&#x3daa6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DAA7|&#x3daa7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DAA8|&#x3daa8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DAA9|&#x3daa9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DAAA|&#x3daaa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DAAB|&#x3daab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DAAC|&#x3daac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DAAD|&#x3daad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DAAE|&#x3daae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DAAF|&#x3daaf;}} |----- align="center" style="{{18.0}};{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3DABx |{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DAB0|&#x3dab0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DAB1|&#x3dab1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DAB2|&#x3dab2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DAB3|&#x3dab3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DAB4|&#x3dab4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DAB5|&#x3dab5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DAB6|&#x3dab6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DAB7|&#x3dab7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DAB8|&#x3dab8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DAB9|&#x3dab9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DABA|&#x3daba;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DABB|&#x3dabb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DABC|&#x3dabc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DABD|&#x3dabd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DABE|&#x3dabe;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DABF|&#x3dabf;}} |----- align="center" style="{{18.0}};{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3DACx |{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DAC0|&#x3dac0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DAC1|&#x3dac1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DAC2|&#x3dac2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DAC3|&#x3dac3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DAC4|&#x3dac4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DAC5|&#x3dac5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DAC6|&#x3dac6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DAC7|&#x3dac7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DAC8|&#x3dac8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DAC9|&#x3dac9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DACA|&#x3daca;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DACB|&#x3dacb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DACC|&#x3dacc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DACD|&#x3dacd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DACE|&#x3dace;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DACF|&#x3dacf;}} |----- align="center" style="{{18.0}};{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3DADx |{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DAD0|&#x3dad0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DAD1|&#x3dad1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DAD2|&#x3dad2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DAD3|&#x3dad3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DAD4|&#x3dad4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DAD5|&#x3dad5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DAD6|&#x3dad6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DAD7|&#x3dad7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DAD8|&#x3dad8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DAD9|&#x3dad9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DADA|&#x3dada;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DADB|&#x3dadb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DADC|&#x3dadc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DADD|&#x3dadd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DADE|&#x3dade;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DADF|&#x3dadf;}} |----- align="center" style="{{18.0}};{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3DAEx |{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DAE0|&#x3dae0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DAE1|&#x3dae1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DAE2|&#x3dae2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DAE3|&#x3dae3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DAE4|&#x3dae4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DAE5|&#x3dae5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DAE6|&#x3dae6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DAE7|&#x3dae7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DAE8|&#x3dae8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DAE9|&#x3dae9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DAEA|&#x3daea;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DAEB|&#x3daeb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DAEC|&#x3daec;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DAED|&#x3daed;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DAEE|&#x3daee;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DAEF|&#x3daef;}} |----- align="center" style="{{18.0}};{{text default color}};" 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CHARACTER-3DB3E|&#x3db3e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DB3F|&#x3db3f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{18.0}};{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3DB4x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DB40|&#x3db40;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DB41|&#x3db41;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DB42|&#x3db42;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DB43|&#x3db43;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DB44|&#x3db44;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DB45|&#x3db45;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DB46|&#x3db46;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DB47|&#x3db47;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DB48|&#x3db48;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DB49|&#x3db49;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DB4A|&#x3db4a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DB4B|&#x3db4b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DB4C|&#x3db4c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DB4D|&#x3db4d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DB4E|&#x3db4e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DB4F|&#x3db4f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{18.0}};{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3DB5x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DB50|&#x3db50;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DB51|&#x3db51;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DB52|&#x3db52;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DB53|&#x3db53;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DB54|&#x3db54;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DB55|&#x3db55;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DB56|&#x3db56;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DB57|&#x3db57;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DB58|&#x3db58;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DB59|&#x3db59;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DB5A|&#x3db5a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DB5B|&#x3db5b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DB5C|&#x3db5c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DB5D|&#x3db5d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DB5E|&#x3db5e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DB5F|&#x3db5f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{18.0}};{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3DB6x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DB60|&#x3db60;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DB61|&#x3db61;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DB62|&#x3db62;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DB63|&#x3db63;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DB64|&#x3db64;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DB65|&#x3db65;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DB66|&#x3db66;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DB67|&#x3db67;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DB68|&#x3db68;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DB69|&#x3db69;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DB6A|&#x3db6a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DB6B|&#x3db6b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DB6C|&#x3db6c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DB6D|&#x3db6d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DB6E|&#x3db6e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DB6F|&#x3db6f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{18.0}};{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3DB7x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DB70|&#x3db70;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DB71|&#x3db71;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DB72|&#x3db72;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DB73|&#x3db73;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DB74|&#x3db74;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DB75|&#x3db75;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DB76|&#x3db76;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DB77|&#x3db77;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DB78|&#x3db78;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DB79|&#x3db79;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DB7A|&#x3db7a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DB7B|&#x3db7b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DB7C|&#x3db7c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DB7D|&#x3db7d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DB7E|&#x3db7e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DB7F|&#x3db7f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{18.0}};{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3DB8x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DB80|&#x3db80;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DB81|&#x3db81;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DB82|&#x3db82;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DB83|&#x3db83;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DB84|&#x3db84;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DB85|&#x3db85;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DB86|&#x3db86;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DB87|&#x3db87;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DB88|&#x3db88;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DB89|&#x3db89;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DB8A|&#x3db8a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DB8B|&#x3db8b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DB8C|&#x3db8c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DB8D|&#x3db8d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DB8E|&#x3db8e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DB8F|&#x3db8f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{18.0}};{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3DB9x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DB90|&#x3db90;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DB91|&#x3db91;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DB92|&#x3db92;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DB93|&#x3db93;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DB94|&#x3db94;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DB95|&#x3db95;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DB96|&#x3db96;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DB97|&#x3db97;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DB98|&#x3db98;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DB99|&#x3db99;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DB9A|&#x3db9a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DB9B|&#x3db9b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DB9C|&#x3db9c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DB9D|&#x3db9d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL 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CHARACTER-3DBFE|&#x3dbfe;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DBFF|&#x3dbff;}} |----- style="background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="{{18.0}};{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3DC0x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DC00|&#x3dc00;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DC01|&#x3dc01;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DC02|&#x3dc02;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DC03|&#x3dc03;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DC04|&#x3dc04;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DC05|&#x3dc05;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DC06|&#x3dc06;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DC07|&#x3dc07;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DC08|&#x3dc08;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DC09|&#x3dc09;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DC0A|&#x3dc0a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DC0B|&#x3dc0b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DC0C|&#x3dc0c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DC0D|&#x3dc0d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DC0E|&#x3dc0e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DC0F|&#x3dc0f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{18.0}};{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3DC1x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DC10|&#x3dc10;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DC11|&#x3dc11;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DC12|&#x3dc12;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DC13|&#x3dc13;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DC14|&#x3dc14;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DC15|&#x3dc15;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DC16|&#x3dc16;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DC17|&#x3dc17;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DC18|&#x3dc18;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DC19|&#x3dc19;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DC1A|&#x3dc1a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DC1B|&#x3dc1b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DC1C|&#x3dc1c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DC1D|&#x3dc1d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DC1E|&#x3dc1e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DC1F|&#x3dc1f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{18.0}};{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3DC2x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DC20|&#x3dc20;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DC21|&#x3dc21;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DC22|&#x3dc22;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DC23|&#x3dc23;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DC24|&#x3dc24;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DC25|&#x3dc25;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DC26|&#x3dc26;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DC27|&#x3dc27;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DC28|&#x3dc28;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DC29|&#x3dc29;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DC2A|&#x3dc2a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DC2B|&#x3dc2b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DC2C|&#x3dc2c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DC2D|&#x3dc2d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DC2E|&#x3dc2e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DC2F|&#x3dc2f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{18.0}};{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3DC3x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DC30|&#x3dc30;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DC31|&#x3dc31;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DC32|&#x3dc32;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DC33|&#x3dc33;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DC34|&#x3dc34;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DC35|&#x3dc35;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DC36|&#x3dc36;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DC37|&#x3dc37;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DC38|&#x3dc38;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DC39|&#x3dc39;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DC3A|&#x3dc3a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DC3B|&#x3dc3b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DC3C|&#x3dc3c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DC3D|&#x3dc3d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DC3E|&#x3dc3e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DC3F|&#x3dc3f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{18.0}};{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3DC4x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DC40|&#x3dc40;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DC41|&#x3dc41;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DC42|&#x3dc42;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DC43|&#x3dc43;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DC44|&#x3dc44;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DC45|&#x3dc45;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DC46|&#x3dc46;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DC47|&#x3dc47;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DC48|&#x3dc48;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DC49|&#x3dc49;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DC4A|&#x3dc4a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DC4B|&#x3dc4b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DC4C|&#x3dc4c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DC4D|&#x3dc4d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DC4E|&#x3dc4e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DC4F|&#x3dc4f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{18.0}};{{text default color}};" !style="background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};"|3DC5x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DC50|&#x3dc50;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DC51|&#x3dc51;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DC52|&#x3dc52;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DC53|&#x3dc53;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DC54|&#x3dc54;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DC55|&#x3dc55;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DC56|&#x3dc56;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DC57|&#x3dc57;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DC58|&#x3dc58;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DC59|&#x3dc59;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DC5A|&#x3dc5a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL CHARACTER-3DC5B|&#x3dc5b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEAL 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[https://worldradiohistory.com/index.htm WorldRadioHistory.com's] scan of Radio in Australia and New Zealand - Vol. I No. 05 - 30 May 1923 has been utilised to create the partial content for this page and can be downloaded at this link to further extend the content and enable further text correction of this issue: [https://worldradiohistory.com/AUSTRALIA/Archive-Radio-in-Australia-and-New-Zealand/1923/Radio-in-A&NZ-1923-05-30.pdf Radio in ANZ 1923 05 30] In general, only content which is required for other articles in this Wikibook has been entered here and text corrected. The material has been extensively used, inter alia, for compilation of [[b:History_of_wireless_telegraphy_and_broadcasting_in_Australia/Topical/Biographies| Biographical articles]], [[b:History_of_wireless_telegraphy_and_broadcasting_in_Australia/Topical/Clubs| Radio club articles]] and [[b:History_of_wireless_telegraphy_and_broadcasting_in_Australia/Topical/Stations| Station articles]]. ==Front Cover== Issued every second Wednesday — Sixpence '''RADIO IN AUSTRALIA & NEW ZEALAND''' — incorporating "Sea, Land and Air" VOL I. — MAY 30, 1923 — No. 5 (Start Graphic Description) The smile of a deaf man who hears for the first time through radio receivers.— "Wide World" Photo (End Graphic Description) Registered at G.P.O., Sydney, for transmission by post as a newspaper. ==Inside Front Cover - William Adams & Co Ltd Ad== ==P.97 - Contents Banner== '''RADIO in AUSTRALIA & NEW ZEALAND''' Incorporating "Sea, Land and Air" Managing Editor: S. E. TATHAM Associate Editor: M. DIXON CONTENTS Volume I. MAY 30, 1923 Number 5 ==P.97 - Contents== '''CONTENTS.''' * Radiotorial . . . Page 99 * How Sydney Radio Works . . . Page 100 * Radio and Reflex . . . Page 105 * Commonwealth Controller of Wireless . . . Page 109 * The Experimenters' Corner . . . Page 110 * Patents Section . . . Page 112 * Mr. J. H. A. Pike's Station . . . Page 113 * West Australian Work . . . Page 115 * Club Notes and News . . . Page 116 * "Iron Prince" Incident . . . Page 118 * Queries Answered . . . Page 119 ==P.97 - Publication Notes== Published by: THE WIRELESS PRESS, 97 CLARENCE ST., SYDNEY; 422-24 Lt. Collins St., Melbourne; Australasia Chambers, Wellington, N.Z. PRICE, 6d. per Copy; Subscription Rate, 10/- per annum (26 issues) throughout Australia and New Zealand; Foreign Rate, 12/6 (26 issues) OVERSEAS REPRESENTATIVES: Canada and United States of America: The Wireless Press Inc., 326 Broadway, New York City Great Britain: The Wireless Press Ltd., 12-13 Henrietta St., London, W.C.2 ==P.98 - View of Sydney Radio Station at Pennant Hills== (Start Photo Caption) View of Sydney Radio Station at Pennant Hills, showing mast and buildings. The station grounds cover 40 acres. (See Special Article on page 100.) (End Photo Caption) ==P.99 - Radiotorial== '''Australian Experimenters Succeed.''' I'l' SPEAKS vo.lumes fort.hes.kill and enthusiasm of ing to establish an hitherto unattempted record. Accept- Australian experimenters, and the efficiency of their ing that as the position, the trans-Pacific test had to be stations, that wireless signals sent from America conducted under a veil of secrecy which, while regreton low-power have been received in Australia during table, was necessary. the past few weeks. _ _ - It is, however, gratifying to know that success was 'fhat one or another experimenter received the sig- achieved, and there can be no question that in this innals{{typo help inline|reason=similar to annals|date=September 2022}} first may be a matter of individual moment, but stance, at least, the end justified the means. from a national viewpoint it is not nearly so import- It is probable that a few years hence the receipt of ant as the fact that the signals have been received, and low-power signals over a distance of 7,000 miles will he by an Australian. c1uite an ·ordinary event. That, however, ,vill not rob the 'l'o prevent interference from experimenters _ who _____ recent performance of any of its merit. On the contrary. were not actually taking part in the test it was neces- it will enhance it. History teaches that no matter what sary to preserve secrecy regarding the arrangements. advances may be made in any particular science or in- This probably explains the fact that outside of a limited dustry, the pioneers who 'laid the foundation stone upon 11umber no mention was made that a private test had which later successes were built are the men wb.ose been arranged between a well-known Australian experi- achievements never die. menter, and one of similar standing in America. Jt says much for the whole-hearted enthusiasm witl: This private test commenced almost simultaneously which experimenters iu Australia have applied themwith the more widely advertised one, and was responsible selves to the task of receiving low-power signals fro1i, for the first signal being recorded in Australia. It is a their fellow-amateurs in America :that such marked suclllatter for regret that the need for secrecy prevented cess has been achieved at so early a-stage in the attempt. the public being· more fully acquainted with the nature 'l'here need be no fear regarding t he future of radio i11 and importance of these long-distance low-power tests. Australia when such excellent performances can be 'l'o have advertised them widely would have defeated the pointed to. vVe have all the materia1 here upon which very object for which the test was held. It is apparently to work, and he would be a pessimjst, indeed, who would asking too much of human nature to expect the hundreds hold any doubts regarding· the a.bility of those interested of experimenters throughout the various States to sns- in radio, whether technically or commercially, to pend part of their acti,ities over a, limited period during make the most of the opportunities which the future 1111- ll'hich a number of men, more highly qualified, are seek- 11uestionably holds. -- --- '''Radio Association of N.S.W.''' A COMMENDABLE spirit of. enterprise has been shown by the various radio bodies in New South Wales in forming an association to assist the .\Iinister in charge of Wireless in administering the Act to the best interests of an· concerned. The point has frequently been stressed that if radio is to reach the peak of its possibilities in Australia there must be the closest co-operation between all who are anxious to sec that point reached. Iu other undertakings we are all to? frequently treated to the spectacle of associations bemg formed which hinder rather than help the future of an enterprise in which they arc directly concerned. It may_not be that they deliberately set out to work harm, but lll the course of destructive criticism harm is nevertheless wrought. · _ - It can be confidently assumed that the Minister will ~~eet the association in the same spirit as it approaches lln. Harmony should thus prevail, ,ind the ,vay be - .- •. paved for the ac_compJishment of much useful work. It is no ,libel on the great body of experimenters in Australia to say that: there is a limited number who will always cause sufficient annoyance to provide scope for the activities of the Radio Association. It would be surprising if it_ were otherwise. Human nature is impulsive and the desire to do things without giving a thought to the possible interference we are causing others frequently leads to transgressions, which, at heart, the offender has no wish or intention to commit Hence the need for supervision, such as the Radio Asso - ciation will exercise. In addition to this it will safeguard the legitimate interests of radio experimenters, and so pave the way for smooth and satisfactory working. The immediate and lasting effect of this will be to promote goodwill amongst all concerned, and, incidentally lay a solid foundation for the futnrr) of radio i11 Australia. ==P.100 - How Sydney Radio Works== '''How Sydney Radio Works. A Peep Behind the Scenes. Up-to-Date Station — Efficient Staff.''' FEW people in Australi~ _a_nd N~w a th_o_roug'hfare :rell patronised _by Zealand are unfamiliar with c: motorists. ' · 'l'he · huge steel lattice the name of Sydnejr 'Radio.· · mast, · which towers' to · a height of Oversea and inter-State ocean travel-· - 400 feet, is -a. conspicuous landmark lers know it well. - 'l'o them it repre- - for miles around. Standing in silent sents one of the links in the chain of : and im1)ressive majesty, it dwarfs to comrnunieation al,rng which flash the · insig1iifieai1ce the b'uildings which m~ssages of gre0ti11g or farewell, busi-, , stm1d adjacrnt, and whrn we viewed ness communications, ai1d in time of - it at· close · range for the first trouble the call for help. 'ro the lay- -time we instinctively prepared for man it has always been known as the further eye-opening facts and Pennant- Hill1;, Wireless Station, and- Rights which ,rnre to follow. as - sirnh it will · probably · remain. The name does not matter greatly, after all, for nothing can rob the s ta t i o n of the credit which justly attaches to it for the consistently splendid service it rrnders t o t h e :-;hipping and commercial interests of the State. STAFF OF SYDNEY RADIO. closely related to the ill-fated" human fly" of America to do so) the intrepid climber might well say: "Not only am I half way to heaven, but -I have the world at my feet." 'l'he main mast, or tower, is not fastened in any way at the bottom, but rests on large glass insulators of a special quality and design. 'l'his is hard to realise until it is actually seen, particularly when it is remembered that the mast weighs about 50 tons. Heavy iron guys, which are made fast to s t e e 1 girders in concrete " anchorages serve as stays for the mast. These girders do not bear directly against the concrete, but pull against flat g 1 as s insulators similar in pattem to, but smaller than those under'!' hose who have neath the mast. had actual experience of the work clone by Sydney R a d i o need nothing further to convince them of the valuable part it is playing in onr everyday life. Others know of it only through readin the daily pa- Front Row (left to righ~-): J. -G. ,~ooks~n (Mechanic), G. F. Chilton (Oif(cer1ri· Charge)°t'J, D; '" Reyn'olds, Acting First Operator; From the extreme top of the tower is suspended the aerial system for high-p owe r t r a n s m i s s i o 11. 'l'here are six legs in this ae ri a l, which is of the " squirrel c age" type, similar to Back Row (left to right): W. C. H. Hodges, P. W. Brown, J. R. Clifford, and C. F. Dale, Messrs. G. H. Brown (Senior Mechanic) and C. E. Lemmon (Chief Operator) were on Leave of Absence at the time pers, which from time to time feature incidents of outstanding importance in which Sydney Radio figures, but the time has arrived when the "inside" story of the Station and its work must be given to the wide, wide world. 'l'he Radio Station is situated at Carlingforcl, about 17 miles from Sydney, and stands in grounds covering an area of about 40 acres. One side faces the Pennant Hills road:_ the Photo was taken. , A ladder is built inside the mast, and runs to the top, where a small platform is erected. If one has the energy and nerve to climb that ladder to its very peak a wonderful sight is unfolded. On a clear -day Sydney Heads . stand out quite distinctly, and no matter in which direction one gazes a splendid view is presented. If it were possible to feel sufficiently at home at such a giddy height (it "'ould be necessary to be those seen on battleships. 'l'he legs of the aerial -three on each side-are supported by steel rope halyards from small ladder masts in the four corners of the station grounds. The feeders for the aerial are also of the " squirrel cage " type, and run almost vertically from a position outside of the operating buildings to the top of the mast. 'l'he whole system resembles a huge umbrella, and it has a very neat and symmetrical appearance, owing to the spreader discs inserted every few feet to keep the wires evenly spaced and taut throughout their leiwth. During last Augrn,t this aerial was used for the transmission of pre:,;s messages to ships at sea, and the Niagara, en route to Vancouver, received the messages from this station each clay until two days north of Jio±iolulu, when transmission ceased. ,Just above the first section of the lllast at a height of about 150 feet from the ground is suspended the T-shaped aerial which is ysed for emnmunication with ships at sea on ,rnve lengths of 450 and 600 metres. In comparison with the larger system this aerial appears very small, and, indeed, it is relatively so compared with some used elsewhere for the same purpose. Nevertheless, it is very efficient, and communication has been established at various times, when using this aerial at distances over 4000 miles. Sydney Radio is probably the lrn,:;iest station in the Southern Hemisphere used for communicating with ships at sea. A similar station is erected at Applecross, W.A., a small settlement on the banks of the Swan High Tension Room V I S. In the foreground are six banks of sixteen "quenched" gaps in each. In the ba ckground the Leyden Jar Condensers (12,000 ems each), with provision for using a number of series-parallel groups, according to power used. To the right the 35 K.W. transformer, and behind it the 5 K.W. transformer, with switch (controlled from operating room), for changing from low-power to buzzer; a glimpse of the latter is seen between Leyden Jars and small transformer. The bottom ends of coupling and variometer .helices .are seen at top of photograph. Hiver. dose to Perth. 'l'he traffic )1andled by these two ,:;tations rm1s rnto mauy thousands of words per "!1m1m: and the· operators at both stat 1~11:-; must needs be exprrienced men ~k1ll ecl i11 both Radio ancl T.mndline telegraphy. "RADIO " After we had a good look over the grounds, and tried to summon up sufficient courage to climb the mast, wc were taken in hand by Mr. G. F. Chilton, officer in charge, and conducted to the engine-room, a large building· standing some yards apart from the operating quarters. A Page. 101 first, two large motor generators made by G. ·weymouth Pty., Melbourne. These machines are duplicates-each set consisting of a 100 h.p. 440 volt 3 phase induction motor, directcoupled to a 60 K.W. 800 volt D.C. generator. The third set, also supplied by W eymouths, is a motor-gene- Main Operating Room VIS Operator on left (Mr. Hodges) is seen "tuning in.'; · Special Receiver has a range c,f from 300 to 14,000 metres. The well-known Expanse "B" is being used for reception. On the right is Mr. Dale despatching radios received from ships by telegraph to the G.P .. O. for delivery. During certain periods of rush traffic two operators are on ·duty together. The four manual keys on operating table from left to right are high-power key (operating relay key), low-power key, telegraph key, and buzzer key. notice board hanging on a cage-like screen just inside the engine-room sliding-doors with the significant word ''Danger'' thereon first met our eyes, but we were assured that such a ·warning was necessary only to the uninitiated. Inside the cage is housed the H.T. Transmission gear, consisting of the oil i-;,vitches built in brick cubicles, transformers, and other apparatus for reducing the 6000 volts 25 cycle 3 phase current from the N.S.W. Railways sub-station at Clyde to a pressure of 440 volts for dt'iving the various electrical m'.lchincs. Ontside the cage is the switchboard with Voltmeters, Ammeters, Wattmeters, Time-limit overload relays, oil switch levers, and ·,nain switches for distributing the ,.140 ,olts to the various circuits. Close to, and at right angles to this switchboard, and running almost the entire length of the engine-room is the controlling switchboard for operating the different machines. 'rl1is board is a magnificent piece of work, and consists of five panels, on which are mounted voltmet ers, ammeters, circuit-breakers and rheostats. Side by side, and facing their · respective panels, are, rator-a 20 h.p. 440 volt iucluc'.tion motor direct-coupled to a 12 KW. 100 volt D.C. generator. This sd is used for charging the 100 volt 600 amperehour set of T'udor accumulators from which the low-power machinery is operated; Facing the motor end of each machine is its respective starting pillar and water resistance sta:•·ter. At right angles to this charging set is first the motor-alternator set which supplies single-phase at 400 cycles for low-power spark transn1issio11. This unit consists of a G.E. 4.5 h.p. D.C. motor direct-coupled to a Weymouth 2.K.W. 400 cycle alternator. Alongside this unit i,:; a D.C. Motor-Generator set, made by the Ranclwick '\Vire] ess and Electrical Works. It consists of a 10 h.p . 100 volt D.C. motor clirect-coupred to a 7 K.W. 460 volt generator. This set is used for supplying D.U. to the low-power arc set. The Tudor accumulators supply the power for driving either of these machines, and both are stopped and started from the operating room by means of the automatic starter on subsidiary switchboard on their right. The solenoid for operating the starter handle is actuated by the operator closing a small switch in operating room. A dash pot exercises an antagonistic pull against the attracting force of solenoid, and so ensures an even motion. The solenoid is necessarily subjected to a heavy current for a few seconds, until the handle is full on, by which time a spring contact is forced open, thereby inserting "RADIO" nator; belt driven by a 75 h.p. 4 cylinder Gardner Kerosene engine, or alternatively by a G.Ij].C. 60 h.p. 3 phase induction motor. The starting pillar and water resistance starter for the latter are facing the motor end. The alternator can be driven by either engine or motor within a few minutes by simply changing the belts. Thus, Engine Room and Power House VIS shows Mechanic (Mr. Cookson) starting up 12 K.W. Weymouth Generating Set. The two Machines to the left are 60 K.W. Weymouth Motor Generator Sets. To the right is the main D. C. Switchboard. In the background, marked "Danger," is the High Tension Supply Cage wherein is contained the transformers, etc., converting 6000 volts 3 phase 25 cycle to 440 volts for use with high-power machines. a lamp in series with the solenoid, and enabling it to remain in circuit for an indefinite period without risk of burning out. The starter arm, once in position, also closes the blocking relays and other protective devices, so that the machine cannot be subjected to load until at full speed. The last set on this end of the mgine-room is a 20 h.p. Maritime Internal Combustion engine directcoupled to a 11 K.W. D.C. Generator. 'l'his engine is started on benzine, and by an ingenious arrangement can be run on kerosene after a minute's running. This is an auxiliary charging unit, and can be started up within a few minutes for charging the accumulators, thus making the station independent of a breakdown in power supply. The station is thus able to communicate with ships at sea, despite strikes, lockouts or other industrial troubles. On the other side of the engineroom, and occupying almost the whole length is the 35 K.V.A., A.E.G. Alteras in the case of the smaller set a strike or a breakdown in power s~pply would not prevent high-power transmission from being carried out. 'l'he Gardner engine is started by compressed air, and at the end of the shaft is a fast and loose pulley arrangement for driving a small air compressor to feed air reservoir after each start. This set is used for highpower spark transmission. Before passing out of the engineroom attention was attracted by another switchboard, on top of which was a frequency meter. This indicates the frequency in cycles delivered by the alternator, and is operated by an eccentric piece of iron on the end of the alternator shaft. The revolutions of the eccentric cause fluctuations in the magnetic field of a small solenoid close to it, . and the resultant pulsations are conveyed to the interior of the instrument, and caused to act inductively on a series of small reeds, each of which has a definite natural period of vibra- May 30, 1923. tion. The frequency corresponding to each reed is marked in regula1· progression on a horizontal scale, above which is a longitudinal aperture through which each reed is plainly visible. When the frequency coincides ( allowing for a factor, of course) with each reed according to the speed of the alternator, these reeds vibrate, and a demonstration which was given afforded a clear illustration, and showed how sensitive and reliable the instrument is, and how the engineer is able to control the frequency to a nicety, a vital point in this system of spark transmission. Queer, bottle-shaped standards, which were lying close to this board, turned out to be bottle screw-jacks, used for raising the mast, if necessary, to replace or renew the glass insulators underneath · the mast. One is inserted under each of the three legs of the huge mast, concrete pillars being built at the correct height for the purpose, and by using long spanners on each of these jacks the mast can be raised. Next we looked over the batteryroom, adjoining the engine-roo~1, where two rows of double Tudor cells ( 50 in all) , making a 100 volt · set, are symmetrically arranged, with both sides of each row easily accessible for inspection or repair. This set was installed in 1913, and to the credit of those responsible for its upkeep, is still in first-class condition, and by no means exhausted. In a shed adjoining this room is the plant for 100 Volt Storage Battery, 650 ampsre hour capacity. Type J18 Tudor cells. This battery supplies power for all the low-power machines and equipment, and the lighting system for the station buildings and staff's quarters. lnsta, lled 1913. Mechanic is seen taking readings after charge. distilling water, it being necessary to add pure water to the accumulators from time to time to compensate for evaporation. The last portion of the engine-room building is a workshop and store. Jiere are stored the various spare parts for renewing the different apparatus. The ticking of a telegraph sounder aroused curiosity, and it was explained that a local practising set was being operated from the main Auxiliary Operating Room VIS 3 K.W. arc transmitter on right. Central panel on left for regulating speed of gene rator and output. Just underneath the radiation meter is the starting resistance which also connects up relay key, solenoid for methylated bon, and pump for water circula tion, spirits drip, motor for revolving carand{{typo help inline|reason=similar to canard|date=July 2023}} on last contact has connected arc to aerial. telegraph instrument by the mechanics during lunch hour. The senior mechanic already holds his first-class certificate as operator, and the other mechanic is going strong with the same end in view. Passing out of the engine-room we entered the operating building, which is divided into three rooms. At one end of the adjoining verandah is the O.I.C. 's office, and at the other end a bathroom. The first room contains the 3. K. W. Arc transmitter, and a receiving panel for use in conjunction therewith. This set can be started up in a few minutes, and has a range of several thousand miles. The manual key operates a relay, which, when the key is depressed, connects the arc circuit to the aerial, and when released, to an artificial circuit having the same period as "aerial and earth." This method of signalling is sometimes known as the "back shunt system," and when transmitting by same the "marking wave" only is radiated, and the "back wash," or spacing wave, usually characteristic of the arc system, and sometimes found difficult to tune out, is absent. A spacing· coil is provided, and -can be connected up in a few "RADIO" . minutes if desired. A small variometer in the aerial circuit, the variation of which makes a small change in the emitted wave length, is used to form a kind of "attention" signal at the receiving station by a heterodyne effect in case the receiving station is not tuned exactly to the proper adjustment. Alongside the arc set is the controlling switchboard for same with meter circuit-breaker, etc. Before leaving this room we were shown the starting device, which by reducing starting resistance after "striking the arc" finally on the "out" position, disconnects the receiver and connects the aerial to arc circuit. The receiving panel on the right of the arc transmitter has a tuning range from 250 metres to 18,000 metres, and it performed excellent work during the war in regularly intercepting signals from European, Asiatic and American stations. The next and middle room is the main operating office where the operator is kept busy exchanging · traffic with ships. The switchboard on the left hand side is for controlling the high-power transmission, and is fitted with main switch blocking relays, Page 103 occupying a prominent position. This receiver does excellent work, and communication with ocean-going vessels, particularly the Niagara, Tahiti, and other trans-Pacific ships has been maintained up to distances of 4000 miles. Night after night traffic is exchanged with ships over a thousand miles distant, whilst the reception of signals from ship stations ·west of Perth is a common occurrence. Recently signals were received clearly from the Sophocles when that vessel was 3500 miles distant. To the left and just above the operator is the radiation meter, and just below same is a handle for changing from low power spark to buzzer transmission, the latter being used for working ships at close range. Close to this is the telegraph sounder, and on the operating table to the right of the operator are the manual keys. First the key operating high-power relay key, the telegraph key, lower-power key, then key for operating buzzer transmitter. In a convenient position just above the table on the left is the Send-receive switch handle, which opens and closes the transmitting circuit, and on the table near same is the Engine Room and Power House VIS. Shows 35 K.V.A. Alternat9r, 500 cycle, separately excited and belt-driven by 60 h.p. 3 phase G.E.C. motor. Mechanic is at starting pillar. To the right is the switchboard with main supply switch, frequency meter and H.F. protectors. In the background is 75 h.p. 4 cylinder Gardner engine, an auxiliary for driving alternator in case of power supply being ·cut off. This is the generating set used for high-power transmission. voltmeters, ammeters, fuses, etc., for D.C. and A.O. circuits. On the operating room table is the valve receiver, ·with a range of from 400 to 14,000 metres, and the well known ' 'Expanse B ' ' Valve is seen switch for closing· the automatic starter circuit in the engine-room. The send-receive switch also closes one side of the transformer primary in addition to closing the transmitting circuit and opening. the receiver circuit, but the latter is further protected by means of a small micrometer gap across aerial and earth leads. Everything is arranged for rapid and reliable working, and to see the set in operation convinces one that communication with mobile stations, such as ships at sea, has, indeed, reached a high standard. A message is lodged at any post office in Australia, and if the ship for which it is intended is in touch with Sydney Radio the message passes over the land line, and is received by the operator . on c1nty there, who must, of necessity, be a skilled telegraphist, in addition to being qualified as a radio man. Whilst inspecting the operating 1·oom the telegraph instrument commenced clicking, and instantly the operator started writing rapidly. The sounds would be meaningless to the uninitiated, but to the operator they represented a message of perhaps vital importance. A second after the message is received the operator half-wheels in his chair, pulls a lever, moves a switch, and presses the sending key. · A series of muffled squeaks distinguishable to the initiated as dots and dashes, discloses that a message is being sent to one! o.:' the Australian ships. A moment later the ship responds, and gave the "go ahead" signal. The vessel was the Ulimaroa, a day out from Auckland. The message transmitted to her came over the land line from somewhere in West Australia, and ,.vac; addressed to a passenger on the ship. One '.vonrler,; if the recipient Wi\R able to viimalise the route traversed by hifi message. First it was flashed over the trans-continental telegraph line, thence through the post offices in the various capital cities to Sydney Radio, from where, in a fraction of a second, it was transmitted to the ship. To the operator it was all part of the day's work, hut to onlookers it provided food for wonder and admiration. "RADIOH From the operating room we were conducted to the high-tension room, so called because everything there is subjected to high voltage. We were first shown the transformers, in which the voltage is stepped up in the ratio of perhaps 100 to 1-that is, to the alternating current supplied by the respective machines in the engineroom, whence it is conducted through underground cables. It is then passed through the primary windings of transformers, at, say, 200 volts, and is delivered from the secondary terminals at, say, 20,000 volt;. The need for good insulation is aptly illustrated by the large porcelain pillars on the top of the transformer. This voltage is applied to the leyden jar condensers arranged in banks of six series-parallel. Only three such banks are used for low power, but the whole system is put in circuit for high-power transmission. The spark gaps of the ''quenched'' type are arranged on racks in, six hanks of sixteen each, and underneath the racks are motorblowers for cooling the gaps when on high power. Immediately above the gaps are the helices for tuning and coupling, and also the varioniete:rs; provision being made to change to various wave lengths very quickly by simply plugging into certain sockets marked with the corresponding wave length. By means of a pulley control from the operating room the coupling can be varied, and fine adjustments made in aerial tuning to correct the wave length and effect the best transmission. A change from the normal wave length, 600 metres, to several other wave lengths up to 2,500 metres can be made in a few moments. The send-receive switch, magnetic relay for closing transformer circuit, and low frequency chokes are in one corner of the room, and close to them are the relay keys operating high power. In another corner of the room May 30, 1923. is the small rotary buzzer transmitter, and also the low-power transformer. Sydney Radio holds a rather unique receiving record in having a long-distance transmitting range. When the present officer in charge was previously at this station-from 1912 to 1915-'-as senior operator, he intercepted a message from the Anstral- ic1r-a German cargo boat-at a distance of 4190 miles west of Sydney. In those days valves were unknown, and the signals were received on a crystal. So far as is known, this,; was the world's record for low-power spark reception on 600 metres, and we have not heard of it having been beaten. In these days of valve reception, especially with multi-stage audio and radio amplification, such distances may not be regarded as unique, but the incident mentioned serves to show that a: crystal receiver intelligently operated is not to be despised. Before leaving the Station we were shown over the quarters provided for the staff, the:,;e being situated at the top of the static1~ grounds facing the road. Each house is comfortab'le, and contains all possible conveniences, including electric light, which ii,; supplied by the statio1; battery. Each occupant has a telephone connected to a miniature switchboard in the openl.1:ng l'J011' and the ,whole arrarigP.ment ma]rn;, for comfort and conveirieP.ce. Readers of this article who kno\\' Sydney Radio by repnfation w1 ·i:, henceforth, have a new c:onr.eption of the Station and its work. 'l'he thousands of amateurs ,vho h~ar VIS working every night will unquestionably' be glad to learn srm1ething of t'ie equipment of the station, which to them, represents the highest standard of efficiency, so far as N.S.W. is concerned at the present time. ==P.109 - Commonwealth Controller of Wireless== '''Commonwealth Controller of Wireless. Mr. Malone's Distinguished Career.''' It may be confidently asserted that there is not one out of the thousands of experimenters in Australia to-day who is not familiar with the name of the Controller of Wireless (Mr. J. Malone). To many of them he is known personally, and all who can claim his acquaintance are unanimous in the opinion that no better man could have been chosen for the important and responsible position which he now fills. Mr. Malone possesses an accurate and sympathetic understanding of the many problems with which at times he is faced. Those who know the volume of work he is called upon to perform are able to appreciate the difficulties he is frequently up against. It is only reasonable to expect that the administration of an Act dealing with such a new and technical subject as wireless should present many difficulties at the outset. That these difficulties have not been greater is a tribute to Mr. Malone's ability as an administrator, and the sterling service rendered by his assistants and deputies in the various States. A brief sketch of Mr. Malone's career appears herewith, and it affords convincing proof that by temperament, ability and experience, he is well fitted to occupy the position of Controller of Wireless. Mr. Malone joined the Post & Telegraph Department at Lismore, New South Wales, as Telegraph Messenger in 1898. Two years later he was appointed as a Relieving Officer. In 1906, as the result of a competitive examination, he joined the Engineering Branch of the Postal Department in Sydney. Between that time and 1915 he occupied various engineering positions in Sydney, and also acted as District Engineer at Goulburn. Later on he was Engineer for Lines in Queensland. Shortly after the outbreak of war he enlisted, and was immediately appointed Instructor in Wireless at the Wireless School at Moore Park, Sydney. During his period of active service he was in charge of all A.F.C. Wireless activities in France, and was awarded the M.C. After the Armistice was signed he undertook the study of wireless and other kindred engineering subjects for 12 months in Europe. During that time he mis at the R.A.F. Wireless Experimental Establishment at Biggin Hill, and also at the Signals Experimental Establishment at Woolwich. He returned to Australia, via the United States of America and New Zealand. Shortly after his return he was appointed Deputy State Engineer at Perth; and, later, when the Postmaster-General's Department took over the Radio Service from the Navy Department he was brought from Perth to take charge of it. He continued in that position until May, 1922, when by reason of the agreement entered into between the Government and Amalgamated Wireless (A'sia) Limited, the commercial activities were handed over to the control of the Company. During the time Mr. Malone was in charge of the Radio Service he prepared and obtained approval for a reorganisation scheme to be applied to all Coastal Radio Stations. This was not proceeded with, however, owing to the transfer already mentioned. Mr. Malone's next appointment was as Controller of Wireless in the Postmaster-General's Department, and when a short time ago the administration of the Wireless Act was handed over to the P.M.G.'s Department he was elevated to the position of Chief Manager of Telegraphs and Wireless for the Commonwealth. In that capacity he acted as adviser to the Commonwealth Government on all wireless matters, and is the officer responsible for the Wireless Act and Regulations. During the negotiations leading up to the agreement between the Government and Amalgamated Wireless Limited, Mr. Malone acted as technical adviser to the Parliamentary Committee which investigated the proposals prior to the agreement being signed. The present Wireless Telegraph Regulations were prepared by Mr. Malone, subsequent to his appointment as Controller of Wireless. He is a member of the Institute of Radio Engineers, the Institution of Electrical Engineers, and the American Institute of Electrical Engineers. (Start Photo Caption) AUSTRALIA'S CONTROLLER OF WIRELESS — Mr. J . Malone, M.I.R.E., M.I.E.E., M.A.I.E.E. (End Photo Caption) ==P.113 - Mr. J. H. A. Pike's Station== '''Mr. J. H. A. Pike's Station. Set on which American Signals were heard.''' The complete receiver about to be described was designed and built in an endeavour to provide an instrument for the reception of very weak signals, such as one would expect in the Trans-Pacific Test. As the time at my disposal is very brief, I will not attempt to give a detailed description, but will reserve constructional details for a later article. The instrument is a universal receiver that can be used for all wave lengths simply by changing different standard plugs in the coils. Since signals from Major Mott, U.S.A., were received, two additional stages of high frequency amplification have been added, and it now consists of eight valves — five amplifying at high frequency, detector and two low frequency amplifiers. An advantage of this instrument is the easy means whereby it is possible to change from one combination of valves to another; either one or any combination up to five high-frequency valves with detectors may be used, or detector alone, or with one or two stages of audio or low frequency amplification. The instrument was commenced less than three weeks before the tests were timed to commence, and it was only finished after working well into the small hours of the morning, with the valuable assistance rendered by Mr. A. L. McCredie, of Epping. To make sure of completion on time it was decided to use as many standard parts as possible, and with the exception of the vernier condensers for tuning anode circuits of H.F. valves, and other small fitments, most of the apparatus consists of standard articles. For coupling the H.F. valves the tuned anode circuit was adopted as from past experience, I have found this method far superior to many others tried. This method of coupling has many advantages to recommend it; there is no trouble regarding the design of transformer, and tuning is easily attained by means of a single variable condenser in each circuit, the inductance being varied by different plug-in coils. Few experimenters seem to realise that When reaction is introduced into a circuit its selectivity is greatly increased, and, therefore, the tuning is much sharper. In H.F. amplifiers a certain amount of reaction takes place between the inter-valve circuit and the grid circuit of the next valve, this being due to the small capacity existing between the grid or plate of each valve. It open happens when reaction is introduced into the tuned anode or plate circuit that unless a means of accurately tuning that circuit is provided, signals are weakened instead of being strengthened. This explains why many so-called H.F. amplifiers weaken incoming signals when they should strengthen them. By consulting the photographs accompanying this article, it will be observed that a standard three-coil holder is used, different wave lengths being tuned by substituting various duo-lateral or other coils. A series parallel switch is provided in the secondary circuit instead of the customary primary circuit, so that a direct coupled circuit can be used when condenser is in series and loosely coupled when in parallel, a small two-way switch being provided to the left of the series-parallel switch to throw aerial into either circuit. Vernier condensers are provided in both primary and secondary circuits. This is essential in short wave work, as less than a degree on the dial of an ordinary condenser will often cause signals on short wave lengths to disappear. Kellogg condensers are used owing to their sound design of bearings, and also being noiseless in operation, an inherent fault in many so-called variable condensers. Bakelite is used for the panel, which measures 38 inches by 15 inches by ¼ inch thick. This is far superior to ebonite, both in rigidity and absence from warping tendencies. A plan showing the disposition of the various components was prepared, and the position of all holes marked. These were then drilled and tapped where necessary. The next step was to remove the shiny surface of the bakelite with fine emery or glass paper, and a final rubbing with stone. When this operation is completed it will be found to have a smooth, even finish without scratches, its insulating qualities being also improved. It can be easily imagined that a panel of the above dimensions is very unwieldy and difficult to hold while squaring-up operations are being executed, so the method adopted of fastening it to the bench by means of wood screws through any suitable hole may be of interest. The valves are placed at the rear of panel, so that their glare when in operation will not bear directly on the operator, as this is very detrimental to the eyes and also has a marked tendency of making one very drowsy, especially when searching for weak signals on the "midnight patrol." Near the top of the panel will be noticed five two-way switches with a dead stud in the centre. These are used in conjunction with their respective rheostats for switching in or out the various H.F. stages. To use detector valve alone the four switches from left to right are put in central position, the last one is turned to left; when one stage of H.F. is used the second switch from right is moved to the left, and last switch (marked No. 1) is moved to right and so on, as each stage is added. On paper it seems a lengthy operation, but in practice it takes far less time than to describe. The plug and jack method of putting the 'phones in either detector first or second stage of audio-frequency amplification is used, as the operation is very quickly accomplished. Separate rheostats with an off position are provided for each H.F. valve, and a vernier rheostat for detector, this being a very useful acquisition; one rheostat controls the two low frequency valves and a plug is used to cut in or out filament of second stage. A potentiometer of 400 ohms resistance is provided as a means of putting either a negative or positive potential on grids of H.F. valves, the ends of winding being connected across "A" battery and sliding contact being connected to grid of fifth stage H.F. valve and to grid leaks of the remainder, this refinement having been found necessary to the successful operation of the instrument. Along the centre of the panel will be noticed five standard coil-plug holders for the necessary coils being used in tuned anode circuits, each holder being mounted at right angles to preceding and following ones, so that any tendency to "howling" may be illustrated, as a minimum of coupling is obtained between each circuit. Underneath these coil holders are found the dials which control small variable condensers of about 0.002 mfd. capacity for tuning purposes. Each coil will cover a certain fixed range of wave lengths. The coils in this set for a range of 200-460 metres consist of De Forest duo-lateral of 25, 50 and 75 turns. Other makes are sometimes used, but a coil of one make varies considerably in its inductance value to that of another make, so one pattern throughout is usually adopted. A reversing switch is provided for the re-action coil, as when each further stage of H.F. amplification is added the reaction coil must be reversed. A double pole single throw snap switch is μsed to cut in or off "A" and "B" batteries in one operation. Naturally the chief feature in a set of this description is the class of valves used, for high frequency valves having low capacity and noiseless operating characteristics are necessary. Both V24's and Mullard K.A. types give every satisfaction, Mullard being used at present, as they function on 3.5 volts on filament, thus giving them preference, as my chief source of filament supply is 4 volt storage batteries. A Mullard "ORA" is used for detecting and V24's for low frequency amplifiers. In operating a set of these dimensions it must be clearly understood that no more valves than necessary for reception of clear signals should be used as with all valves burning, 6 amps. are drawn from battery, and as I don't possess a "Homecharger" the task of heavy weight lifting is not indulged in more often than necessary. (Start Photo Caption) Mr. J. H . A. Pike at his Experimental Radio Station at Epping. (End Photo Caption) (Start Graphic Caption) Plan showing Panel Arrangement used by Mr. Pike. (End Graphic Caption) (Start Photo Caption) This Photo shows Back of Panel Receiver made by Mr. Pike. (End Photo Caption) ==P.115 - West Australian Work== '''West Australian Work.''' (By our Special Representative.) After much pioneering work Radio has at last found a lodging place in popular favour amongst the people of West Australia. It will be interesting to indulge in a brief but comprehensive survey of the progress made by local enthusiasts who have been carrying out transmitting work. There are about half a dozen of these in and around the city; but for this issue comment will be confined to the installation owned by Mr. W. E. Coxon, of 306 Bulwer Street. Gauged on radio movements in this State, this is a pretty powerful plant, and being of a style all its own, is the result of the owner's several years experimental work. After overcoming the usual initial difficulties and adapting his set to local conditions, Mr. Coxon · commenced transmitting, and in the stilly watches of a certain night several months ago local enthusiasts received a tremendous shock when, in operating their tuning-in gear they suddenly picked up the strains of music Excitement ran high, and many attempts to guess its origin were made, some even suggesting New York, but everybody was agreeably surprised when next morning they discovered that the music came from Mr. C:oxon's experimental station. A few nights ago the writer visited the station, and was conducted to a room containing a maze of plugs, valves, condensers, switches, and a tangle of wires, meters, telephones, and other apparatus. Experiments in the transmission of music, speeches, etc., were in full swing. l\Ir. Coxon uses--10 watts on a wave length of 420 metres, and his music is received clearly on crystal sets at a distance of fifteen miles, while those possessing single valve receivers get good results up to 50 miles. Even at this distance, however, interference is experienced from VIP signals on 600 metres. Only one valve is used as a radiator, modulation being covered on a method devised by Mr. Coxon. The regulation is good, either expauded or softened sound being always under eontrol, so that ''listeners-in'' receive anything from almost a whisper to a large-sized shout without trouble. No iron core coils are used, and this gives perfect reproduction. 'rhe source of power is a motor generator giving up to 100 watts, and there are two windings, each on separate commutators. One winding generates 15 volts, and is used for excitation, while the high tension is wound over the first and insulated with oiled silk, to withstand 1,000 volts. The armature, however, only measures 13 inches in diameter · and 8 inches in length, and it is scarcely creditable that such a baby is capable of providing power necessary for the transmission of signals over a thousand miles. ==P.116 - Club Notes & News== '''West Australian Work.''' (By our Special Representative.) ==P.119 - Queries Answered== '''West Australian Work.''' (By our Special Representative.) {{BookCat}} tppkwpjdket6pfzrmv4dnne3ui9sg3h User:Fantastic Bk 2 441148 4679276 4021904 2026-10-31T13:59:46Z Fantastic Bk 3374071 Blanked the page 4679276 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 Create Vampires/Why Create Vampires 0 448312 4679349 4679232 2026-10-31T19:39:04Z 3MMPEYTON 3393808 4679349 wikitext text/x-wiki == Why Create Vampires? == What would happen if you woke-up one day with a horrible craving for blood?<br> What if you woke up, then slowly realized that you were invisible, would you get dressed out of habit? <br> What if you woke-up one day both hungry and invisible? What would you do?<br> These are questions writers may consider when approaching fictional narratives. Stories about ghosts, angels, zombies and vampires are popular with modern readers, yet why do people write about vampires? Should you?<br> <br> Perhaps writing creatively about a fascinating subject is a bit of a dream. In order to first figure out what to write, some people may choose to gather together with other writing students to consider and experiment with ideas and techniques of use to other Writers. <br> Classes that encourage creative writing, may encourage exploration of fascinating subjects, such as vampires. <br> Exploration of unusual subjects can be rewarding to the creative spirit!<br> <br> Creative writing is a self-developmental process involving your creativity, using established techniques of the Writer’s craft, shaped by your level of honesty. <br> <br> In creative writing classes, your story is not just your creative expression, each story you make takes time to write. This is similar to a window allowing people to share in the communication process. You don’t just share common norms about spelling, grammar, or idiomatic expressions used by normal people, your story can share information about how a group of people reacted to life-altering events. Your stories can in a general sense, reflect the society and times you observe and write about.<br> <br> Because every writer is advised to “write what you know,” you may willingly look for safe ways to write what you know, creatively, in a non-factual manner that may not share factual information, yet will express your emotions, or will reflect the feelings of everyone. <br> <br> Creative writing is about telling a story in an expressive, original manner. Techniques like tone (meaning how to express the right mood), emotional intensity, or level of humor (meaning how we tell the story using the right tone to a reader who is unable to hear you, or hear the people your story will reflect), may become easier after we have developed better writing skills. <br> <br> Creative writing is about developing better writing skills, and about allowing honest expression, often in non-factual, creative ways. <br> <br> '''<u>Create Vampires</u>?''' In a world where people desire to make a lot of money, in the shortest amount of time. <br> In a world where bank robbery is illegal, yet ''grave-robbery'' is not...? <br> In a world populated by individuals who seemed ruled by greed, vampires and other monsters are sometimes spoken into some tangible, often frightening existence. <br> <br> If we exist in a world where characters could be spoken into existence, and allowed to linger in unusual fields bound and un-bound... If characters could linger, losing human characteristics and form, linger like ghost populating flat white spaces, if characters could attain atypical motion, yet exist like zombies without the ability to reason, or exist like demons without kindness, or exist like vampires, with constant hunger, sharing kindness with the hungry ghost who linger with desires to be fed, if such empty planes were populated by hungry, unreasoning, lingering atypical creations, mere works of the imagination, would their monster's tale be worthy of note? <br> <br> There are real monsters, humans who have acted inhumanely, and there are fictional monsters, characters in books who reflect real monsters. <br> Although Writers who write about vampires from their imagination may be following their own personal creative spirit, wouldn't a richer story develop if Writers reflected the real world, culling factual details from recorded history to enhance their stories? <br> <br> Monsters have always existed in our modern era. They scare us, they fascinate us, they open new realities. Writing about vampires can be a way to explore the unknown, or a way to address your fears in a safe, controlled manner. Writing about vampires can be therapeutic, or a fun way to share a different cultural perspective. '''WARNING: <u>Vampires of the imagination in action!</u>''' Giving warnings against vampires of the imagination maybe a useful device writers could explore. Typical vampires of the imagination are not friendly characters, they seem to possess unusual traits and characteristics. In stories, most vampires are not popular, most are un-loveable and very problematic. <br> <br> {| class="wikitable" |+COMMON VAMPIRE-IMAGINATION TRAITS + CHARACTERISTICS: !Traits !Characteristics |- |Pale / Deadly pale |Enjoy isolation / Loner personality |- |Long fangs / Fang-ish teeth |Predator personality |- |Thin |Alpha Male type |- |Black hair / Brown Hair |"Energy Vampire" : Negativity, overly dramatic, hostile rages, complaints and sad stories. |- |Re-animated corpse with failing body issues. | |} Vampires of the imagination that seem to be re-animated, walking corpses, some with dominate alpha-male behaviors and sharp cuspids, could be a terror, a monster, or a walking nightmare to a town, or neighborhood. It is easy for Writers to warn their readers against such a vampire, yet what about vampires with subtle negative energy influences? What of Energy vampires and other less monster-ish vampires of the imagination? <br> <br> {| class="wikitable" |+Supernatural Vampire Traits !Traits that are supernatural !Mythological Creature |- |Immortality <br> Drinking blood <br> Sunlight Poisoning <br> Heightened senses <br> Morphing |[[File:"Le_Vampire".jpg|thumb|"Le Vampire"]] |} <br> Vampire stories found in Eastern European Folklore often warn people against evil characters, or of an evil character [the antagonist] who in a malicious manner seeks to harm innocent people. Regardless of the motive, the methods are of drugging [poisoning] the victim, which often leads to the innocent person getting buried alive, and / or having their graves robbed by grave-robbers interested in robbing the rich. Many Eastern European folk stories are warnings against grave-robbers! <br> <br> Some vampire traits are obviously supernatural, yet a few vampire characters possess normal traits, yet are described as displaying unusual behaviors. In 1819, John Polidore wrote '''The Vampyre''', a fictional piece that is noted as having introduced modern fictional vampires. The Poet Rudyard Kipling wrote in his '''The Vampire''' in 1897 "To a rag and a bone and a hank of hair," it is implied that Kipling's vampire is realistic, thus mostly made up. <br> <br> '''Tip:''' Typically, humans have four cuspids in their mouth. Two on the bottom, and two on the top left and right side of the mouth. <br>These are the sharpest, longest teeth, they have a pointed edge and have been called "vampire teeth" by some Writers. <br> '''Question:''' Perhaps Juliet in William Shakespeare's play: Romeo and Juliet could be described by some people as a vampire of the imagination. Does William Shakespeare describe physical traits that would support this claim or unusual interpretation? Do the characters act in ways that may influence, or inspire, future imaginative vampire stories?<br> <br> <u>'''TIP:'''</u> Before creating a vampire character, ask yourself if you want your vampire to reflect stories based in Folklore, gathered from events that happened to actual people, or if you want your vampire to possess character traits from your imagination. Perhaps an imaginary creation with super-human abilities. <br> <br> Although some vampire tales are centuries old, the vampire is not a fixed archetype, it is flexible and ever-changing. New vampire traits emerge from people who write new vampire stories. Stephenie Meyer is a popular author who has given her vampires the ability to change their eye color like mood rings, they also have skin that sparkles like diamonds in sunlight. [4] <br> <br> Many modern vampires have the ability to move at superfast speeds. This may be a new trait made popular through TV shows like Twilight, True Blood, and The Vampire Diaries. <br> <br> New vampire traits prove that the vampire mythos continues to expand and evolve. <br> <br> '''Tips On Becoming A Better Writer''' - Read. Set aside time to read. <br> - Practice informative writing. <br> - Write to express, or to explore a new point of view. <br> - Change up your sentence structure. Practice writing in different styles. <br> - Know the audience you are writing for. <br> - Read your writings out loud. <br> - Ask for constructive criticism. <br> - Take a writing class. <br> - Practice writing daily. <br> <br> <br> === References: === 1.Energy vampire. [[https://healthpsychologyconsultancy.wordpress.com/2012/07/13/the-energy-vampire-personality-type/%7Chttps://healthpsychologyconsultancy.wordpress.com/2012/07/13/the-energy-vampire-personality-type/]] wordpress.com Reviewed: 8/19/2022 2. Five vampire traits that exist in the real world. October 16, 2020. Australiascience.tv [https://australiascience.tv/education/five-vampire-traits-that-exist-in-the-real-world/ five-vampire-traits-that-exist-in-the-real-world/] <br> <br> 3. Cuspid. [[https://www.dictionary.com/browse/cuspid]] dictionary.com <br> <br> 4. Melton, J. Gordon. The Vampire Book: The Encyclopedia of The Undead. Visible Ink Press 2014 <br> <br> <noinclude>{{Chapter navigation with TOC||Cultural Construct|TOC mini}}</noinclude> <br> {{BookCat}} rgtlwyrkuk6eu9hc89i9ba40ec7aluj Create Vampires/Dracula Behind Vlad-The Impaler 0 448450 4679358 4679237 2026-10-31T20:36:41Z 3MMPEYTON 3393808 4679358 wikitext text/x-wiki == Dracula Behind Vlad - The Impaler == Sometimes Writers will mock their times, or the leaders in their society through parody, or through satire. In some countries Writers have the freedom to mock real men in Politics, or of great military influence who seem, in deed, like real monsters. <br> In History, there are a few real monsters, men who we will remember for their cruelty, or for their massive injustices. This does not appear to be the case with Dracula, a novel character considered "inspired by" Vlad The Impaler. Because of Bram Stoker, a popular Irish Writer, Vlad came to be known as the <nowiki>''</nowiki>original<nowiki>''</nowiki> Dracula. It is ironic that the fictional character, Dracula, is well known yet the historic man, Vlad, a Prince from a Romanian royal family, is less known. According to one writer / Historian, "...as he wrote Dracula, he borrowed certain aspects of Vlad's life and wove them in with local folklore from the region." <br> Vlad, a special Prince of Romania, is a difficult subject to research. His Political influence is greatest in Romania, as is his mythic achievements. Vlad seemed to have influenced local folklore before Bram Stoker wrote his novel <u>Dracula</u> in 1897. <br> Estimates puts the number of people Vlad is rumored to have killed at around 80,000 people. That seems questionable, it seems unlikely for one man to have murdered [directly] a large chunk of the Romanian population. Although it was never rumored by the people who tell, and re-tell folk stories, that Vlad drank blood, he is known as the person behind many bloody impalements and beheadings. <br> According to Wikipedia.com, "Offences where impalement was occasionally employed included contempt for the state's responsibility for safe roads and trade routes by committing highway robbery or grave robbery, violating state policies or monopolies, or subverting standards for trade. Offenders have also been impaled for a variety of cultural, sexual, and religious reasons." [[wikipedia:Vlad_the_Impaler|[wiki/Vlad_the_Impaler]]]<br> <br> Vlad's father was a ruler of Wallachia, a territory between the Ottoman Empire and Europe, a country whose modern name is now known as Romania (southern). <br> <br> {| class="wikitable" |+ |- ! 5 Facts About Vlad - The Romanian Prince |- | Father: Vlad Dracul |- | Mother: Cneajna |- | Born: 1428 - 1431 |- | Year of Reigns: 1448, 1456 - 1462, 1476 |- | Died: December 1476 - January 1477 |} <br> '''<u>Why Create Vampires? Legal Considerations</u>''' <br> For many legal reasons, people are not allowed to poison then legally bury other people alive, nor are people allowed to rob another person's grave. <br> When we hear about the grim and bloody punishments Vlad- The Impaler inflicted on grave robbers and other lawless thieves, we may start to wonder, why create vampires? <br> <br> It is rumored that Vlad - The Impaler, Prince of Wallachia (a region now known as southern Romania), ran spikey poles through his enemies during the middle of the 14th century. Vlad may have impaled hundreds, worse, many of the impaled were left outside his city on display as a warning to scare off invaders and robbers, including grave robbers! Many folk stories about the Prince of Wallachia circulate where folk stories are written and read. <br> <br> When vampire folklore is reviewed, we learn about History, and about people from other cultures, many who struggled with, and for their humanity. We learn of the methods (sometimes bloody) people used to solve problems, and we may wonder how our society would fairly solve our problems while staying humane. We may also wonder about other folk stories from around the world, such as the zombie-person, the demon-person, or the hungry ghost-person. How does a human get turned into a hungry ghost-person? <br> <br><br> === Reference: === <u>The World's Most Glorious And Notorious Rulers: The Great And The Terrible And How They Got Their Names"</u> by JoAnne O'Sullivan. Copyright 2020 by JoAnne O'Sullivan. Published by Running Press Kids, an imprint of Perseus Books, LLC. ISBN: 978-0-7624-9661-7 <br> <br> <br> <noinclude>{{Chapter navigation with TOC||Oceanian Folklore|TOC mini}}</noinclude> <br> {{BookCat}} plsejhawv7ahk1tvm6vq22milswg0xd JavaScript/Exercises/ReactionTime 0 451709 4679348 4237108 2026-10-31T19:38:46Z WereSpielChequers 248949 typo 4679348 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>{{JavaScript}}</noinclude> __NOTOC__ <span style="font-size:2em">Check your reaction time</span><br /><br /> == HTML + CSS == The app shows a grid of 16 green areas. When the game starts, two of these fields change their color to red. Try to click them as fast as possible. Your reaction time is shown at the bottom. First, we need an HTML file plus CSS to realize the user interface. It shall contain: * A caption. * A 4 x 4 grid with 16 areas. * A button to start the game. * A feedback area where the reaction time is shown. The HTML might look like this: {{ExerciseSolution|width=100%|text= <syntaxhighlight lang="html"> <!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <!-- There is a grid with many areas. Some of these areas have a different color. Those shall be clicked. The program will show you how much time you need. --> <title>Fast Reaction</title> <script> // ... </script> <style> .containerGrid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: auto auto auto auto; grid-auto-rows: 40px; gap: 40px; } .cell { background-color: lime; } .containerLine { display: flex; margin-top: 2em; } .button { padding: 0.6em 2em 0.6em 2em; margin-right: 2em; font-size: 1em; } .feedback { padding-top: 5px; margin-left: 10px; font-size: 1.4em; } </style> </head> <body style="padding:0em 2em 0em 2em"> <!-- Captions --> <h1 style="text-align: center">Test your reaction time</h1> <h4 style="text-align: center">Click on the two red areas</h4> <!-- The containter with the clickable areas --> <div class="containerGrid"> <div class="cell" id="b1" onclick="areaClicked(event)"/></div> <div class="cell" id="b2" onclick="areaClicked(event)"/></div> <div class="cell" id="b3" onclick="areaClicked(event)"/></div> <div class="cell" id="b4" onclick="areaClicked(event)"/></div> <div class="cell" id="b5" onclick="areaClicked(event)"/></div> <div class="cell" id="b6" onclick="areaClicked(event)"/></div> <div class="cell" id="b7" onclick="areaClicked(event)"/></div> <div class="cell" id="b8" onclick="areaClicked(event)"/></div> <div class="cell" id="b9" onclick="areaClicked(event)"/></div> <div class="cell" id="b10" onclick="areaClicked(event)"/></div> <div class="cell" id="b11" onclick="areaClicked(event)"/></div> <div class="cell" id="b12" onclick="areaClicked(event)"/></div> <div class="cell" id="b13" onclick="areaClicked(event)"/></div> <div class="cell" id="b14" onclick="areaClicked(event)"/></div> <div class="cell" id="b15" onclick="areaClicked(event)"/></div> <div class="cell" id="b16" onclick="areaClicked(event)"/></div> </div> <div class="containerLine"> <!-- button to start the game --> <button id="start" class="button" onClick="start()">Start</button> <!-- feedback from the script to the player --> <div class="feedback">Reaction Time (ms): </div> <div id="feedback" class="feedback"></div> </div> </body> </html> </syntaxhighlight> }} == JavaScript == Next, we have to implement the game's functionality within JavaScript. We need: * Variables to store the start and end timestamp. * Event handler(s) to react on 'click' events to the areas. It's helpful if all areas use the same event handler instead of having 16 individual event handlers. * An event handler to react to the 'Start' button. * A function that randomly selects an area and changes its color to red. * A function that counts how many areas are red. The JavaScript part may look like this: {{ExerciseSolution|width=100%|text= <syntaxhighlight lang="JavaScript"> "use strict"; // -------------------------------------------- // global variables // -------------------------------------------- // the number of red areas const GOAL = 2; // an array with all area-IDs const arrayAreas = ["b1", "b2", "b3", "b4", "b5", "b6", "b7", "b8", "b9", "b10", "b11", "b12", "b13", "b14", "b15", "b16"]; // the start timestamp let startDate; // the feedback area let feedback; // -------------------------------------------- // functions // -------------------------------------------- // initialize everything function start() { feedback = document.getElementById("feedback"); // reset the colors arrayAreas.forEach((area) => { document.getElementById(area).style.backgroundColor = "lime"; }); // mark some random areas with red color for (let i = 0; i < GOAL; i++) { // a number from 0 to 15 const tmp = Math.floor(Math.random() * 16); const area = document.getElementById(arrayAreas[tmp]); if (area.style.backgroundColor === "red") { // it's already red; try again i--; continue; } area.style.backgroundColor = "red"; } // save the starting timestamp startDate = new Date(); } // a single function for events on all areas function areaClicked(event) { const area = document.getElementById(event.target.id); area.style.backgroundColor = "lime"; // are all red areas clicked? if (numberOfRed() === 0) { const endDate = new Date(); const ms = endDate - startDate; feedback.innerHTML = ms; } } // function to count the red areas function numberOfRed() { let tmp = 0; arrayAreas.forEach((area) => { if (document.getElementById(area).style.backgroundColor === "red") { tmp++; } }); return tmp; } </syntaxhighlight> }} == Extensions == You can extend the app in different ways. * Make it more complicated by using more areas, smaller areas, or more than two red areas. * Show a list of all attempts, possibly sorted by the reaction time. cyw2c5yjupu7n25fnq39apdhxr4lm5j International Postage Meter Stamp Catalog/Great Britain/UPF Model "HS" & "EHS" 0 457361 4679404 4646000 2026-11-01T04:14:03Z Jim Ashby 3304668 /* Universal Postal Frankers Ltd. Model "HS" and "EHS". */ 4679404 wikitext text/x-wiki ====<span style="color: blue;">Universal Postal Frankers Ltd. Model "HS" and "EHS".</span>==== ---- Ten International Postal Supply Co., Ltd. Model "M" cancelling machines were imported from the United States in 1923 by Universal Postal Frankers Ltd., and these were fitted with single-value detachable meters manufactured at UPF’s experimental works.<br> Two versions of the machine were created, the Model "HS" (High Speed) and the Model "EHS" (Extra High Speed).<br> One machine (London W.C.2., M# blank) was used for demonstration purposes, while another was returned to IPS in 1924 fitted with a 1½d meter. The Model HS/EHS could not print a slogan, although the demonstration machine is known with a separately applied slogan.<br> [[File:Blank London WC2.jpg|699px]]<br> Machines known postally used are listed below. ---- <br> : '''1 London S.W.11.''' {{space|4}} User: Freemans :{| |- |style="width:100px; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"| : ½d Die A1 |style="width:400px; vertical-align: top;"| [[File:1 London SW11 0.5d a TEMP.jpg|388px|right]] |style="width:250px; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"| : Type A5A. : Centre bar D. : M# "1)". |style="width:125px; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"| : SEP 12 1930 |style="width:125px; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"| : |} <br> :{| |- |style="width:100px; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"| : ½d Die A2 |style="width:400px; vertical-align: top;"| [[File:1 London SW11 0.5d b TEMP.jpg|371px|right]] |style="width:250px; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"| : Type A5B. : Centre bar D. |style="width:125px; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"| : OCT 4 1932 |style="width:125px; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"| : JUL 21 1933 |} <br> :{| |- |style="width:100px; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"| : ½d Die A3 |style="width:400px; vertical-align: top;"| [[File:1 London SW11 0.5d c TEMP.jpg|379px|right]] |style="width:250px; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"| : Type A5A. : Centre bar E. |style="width:125px; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"| : SEP 25 1935 |style="width:125px; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"| : NOV 1 1935 |} <br> ---- <br> : '''2 Watford''' {{space|4}} User: A. Wander & Co. :{| |- |style="width:100px; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"| : ½d Die A1 |style="width:400px; vertical-align: top;"| [[File:2 Watford 0.5d a TEMP.jpg|372px|right]] |style="width:250px; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"| : Type A5A. : Centre bar D. : M# small. |style="width:125px; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"| : MAY 22 1926 |style="width:125px; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"| : MAY 14 1929 |} <br> :{| |- |style="width:100px; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"| : ½d Die A2 |style="width:400px; vertical-align: top;"| [[File:2 Watford 0.5d b TEMP.jpg|380px|right]] |style="width:250px; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"| : Type A5B. : Centre bar D. : M# large. : '''a'''. Error: printed in black :: (DEC 11 1929). |style="width:125px; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"| : JUL 1 1927 |style="width:125px; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"| : |} <br> :{| |- |style="width:100px; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"| : ½d Die B1 |style="width:400px; vertical-align: top;"| [[File:2 Watford 0.5d Design B TEMP.jpg|366px|right]] |style="width:250px; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"| : Type B3. : Used for a short period in May 1930. |style="width:125px; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"| : MAY 15 1930 |style="width:125px; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"| : |} <br> ---- <br> : '''3 London E.C.3.''' {{space|4}} User: J. Henry Schröder & Co. :{| |- |style="width:100px; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"| : 2½d Die A1 |style="width:400px; vertical-align: top;"| [[File:3 London EC3 2.5d TEMP.jpg|386px|right]] |style="width:250px; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"| : Type A5A. : Centre bar C. |style="width:125px; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"| : NOV 5 1934 |style="width:125px; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"| : AUG 7 1935 |} <br> :{| |- |style="width:100px; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"| : 2½d Die B1 |style="width:400px; vertical-align: top;"| [[File:3 London EC3 2.5d Design B TEMP.jpg|386px|right]] |style="width:250px; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"| : Type B3. : Used for a few days in March 1931. |style="width:125px; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"| : MAR 9 1931 |style="width:125px; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"| : |} <br> ---- <br> : '''3A London E.C.3.''' {{space|4}} User: J. Henry Schröder & Co. :{| |- |style="width:100px; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"| : ½d Die A1 |style="width:400px; vertical-align: top;"| [[File:3A London EC3 0.5d TEMP.jpg|386px|right]] |style="width:250px; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"| : Type A5A. : Centre bar D. : M# with superscript "A". |style="width:125px; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"| : FEB 27 1928 |style="width:125px; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"| : OCT 28 1934 |} <br> :{| |- |style="width:100px; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"| : 1d Die A1 |style="width:400px; vertical-align: top;"| [[File:3A London EC3 1.0d TEMP.jpg|384px|right]] |style="width:250px; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"| : Type A5A. : Centre bar C. : M# with normal "A". |style="width:125px; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"| : FEB 12 1930 |style="width:125px; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"| : AUG 5 1930 |} <br> :{| |- |style="width:100px; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"| : 1½d Die A1 |style="width:400px; vertical-align: top;"| [[File:3A London EC3 1.5d TEMP.jpg|388px|right]] |style="width:250px; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"| : Type A5A. : Centre bar D. : M# with superscript "A". |style="width:125px; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"| : AUG 8 1924 |style="width:125px; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"| : JAN 20 1939 |} <br> :{| |- |style="width:100px; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"| : 2½d Die A1 |style="width:400px; vertical-align: top;"| [[File:3A London EC3 2.5d TEMP.jpg|376px|right]] |style="width:250px; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"| : Type A5A. : Centre bar D, but M# underlined. : M# with superscript "A". : '''a'''. Error: year figures inverted. |style="width:125px; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"| : SEP 11 1924 |style="width:125px; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"| : AUG 3 1934 |} <br> :{| |- |style="width:100px; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"| : 2½d Die A2 |style="width:400px; vertical-align: top;"| [[File:3Aii London EC3 2.5d TEMP.jpg|394px|right]] |style="width:250px; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"| : Type A5A. : Centre bar C. : M# with normal "A". |style="width:125px; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"| : APR 7 1936 |style="width:125px; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"| : AUG 22 1938 |} <br> ---- <br> : '''3 London W.1.''' {{space|4}} User: Selfridge & Co. :{| |- |style="width:100px; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"| : ½d Die A1 |style="width:400px; vertical-align: top;"| [[File:3 London W1 0.5d TEMP.jpg|381px|right]] |style="width:250px; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"| : Type A5A. : Centre bar C. |style="width:125px; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"| : MAR 27 1924 |style="width:125px; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"| : FEB 16 1925 |} <br> :{| |- |style="width:100px; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"| : ½d Die A2 |style="width:400px; vertical-align: top;"| [[File:3 London W1 0.5d Broken Arc TEMP.jpg|400px|right]] |style="width:250px; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"| : Damaged version of ½d Die A1. : Missing upper arc and "ONE". : One example known. |style="width:125px; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"| : NOV 16 1925 |style="width:125px; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"| : |} <br> :{| |- |style="width:100px; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"| : 1½d Die A1 |style="width:400px; vertical-align: top;"| [[File:3 London W1 1.5d 19250708 TEMP.jpg|398px|right]] |style="width:250px; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"| : Type A5A. : Centre bar C. |style="width:125px; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"| : JAN 8 1924 |style="width:125px; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"| : MAR 10 1927 |} <br> :{| |- |style="width:100px; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"| : 2½d Die A1 |style="width:650px; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"| : ''Listed in The Stamp Lover, Nov. 1926, but actual examples not seen.'' |style="width:125px; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"| : |style="width:125px; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"| : |} <br> ---- <br> : '''4 London S.W.1.''' {{space|4}} User: Harrods, Ltd. :{| |- |style="width:100px; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"| : ½d Die A1 |style="width:400px; vertical-align: top;"| [[File:4 London SW1 0.5d TEMP.jpg|370px|right]] |style="width:250px; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"| : Type A5A. : Centre bar C with a small nick in the middle. : M# raised with partial underline. |style="width:125px; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"| : JUL 17 1924 |style="width:125px; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"| : NOV 2 1929 |} <br> :{| |- |style="width:100px; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"| : 1d Die A1 |style="width:400px; vertical-align: top;"| [[File:4 London SW1 1.0d TEMP.jpg|370px|right]] |style="width:250px; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"| : Type A5A. : Centre bar D, but M# with underline. |style="width:125px; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"| : DEC 3 1924 |style="width:125px; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"| : FEB 16 1927 |} <br> :{| |- |style="width:100px; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"| : 1½d Die A1 |style="width:400px; vertical-align: top;"| [[File:4 London SW1 1.5d TEMP.jpg|371px|right]] |style="width:250px; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"| : Type A5A. : Centre bar D. |style="width:125px; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"| : OCT 3 1924 |style="width:125px; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"| : JAN 18 1926 |} <br> ---- <br> : '''6 London E.C.1.''' {{space|4}} User: Carreras, Ltd. :{| |- |style="width:100px; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"| : ½d Die A1 |style="width:400px; vertical-align: top;"| [[File:6 London EC1 0.5d TEMP.jpg|376px|right]] |style="width:250px; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"| : Type A5A. : Centre bar D. |style="width:125px; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"| : JUL 1 1925 |style="width:125px; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"| : |} <br> :{| |- |style="width:100px; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"| : 1½d Die A1 |style="width:400px; vertical-align: top;"| [[File:6 London EC1 1 5d TEMP.jpg|400px|right]] |style="width:250px; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"| : Type A5A. : Centre bar D. |style="width:125px; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"| : MAY 8 1925 |style="width:125px; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"| : OCT 17 1925 |} <br> ---- <br> : '''X1 London S.W.1.''' {{space|4}} User: Harrods, Ltd. :{| |- |style="width:100px; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"| : ½d Die A1 |style="width:400px; vertical-align: top;"| [[File:A5 Licence X1 1924 06 11 TEMP.jpg|400px|right]] |style="width:250px; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"| : Type A5A. : Centre bar E. : Relief machine: M# with "X" prefix. : M# seriffed. |style="width:125px; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"| : JUN 11 1924 |style="width:125px; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"| : |} <br> :{| |- |style="width:100px; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"| : 1½d Die A1 |style="width:400px; vertical-align: top;"| [[File:X1 London SW1 1.5d TEMP.jpg|384px|right]] |style="width:250px; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"| : Type A5A. : Centre bar C. : Relief machine: M# with "X" prefix. : M# sans-serif. |style="width:125px; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"| : JUL 4 1924 |style="width:125px; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"| : JUL 24 1924 |} <br> ---- <br> ---- {{BookCat}} 3vqkast65zassieken5qprsesl9csfq Funding and Finance of Transportation Projects in the United States of America 0 472393 4679437 4677523 2026-11-01T10:22:44Z MathXplore 3097823 Added {{[[Template:BookCat|BookCat]]}} using [[User:1234qwer1234qwer4/BookCat.js|BookCat.js]] 4679437 wikitext text/x-wiki __notoc__ {{New book}}{{Split}} == Table of Contents == # [[/Attribution/]] # [[/Introduction/]] # [[/Funding and Finance at the Federal Level/]] # [[/Funding and Finance at the State and Local Level/]] # [[/Case Studies/]] # [[/Reading List/]] == Funding and Finance at the Federal Level == In the realm of transportation infrastructure, the structure of funding programs is critical to understanding how projects are planned and executed. Two primary examples of funding mechanisms are taxes and tolls. Taxes, particularly fuel taxes, serve as a critical part of transportation funding in the U.S. The federal government, states, and local governments all levy fuel taxes, which are deposited into the Highway Trust Fund (HTF). This fund is the primary source of federal transportation dollars, supporting the construction and maintenance of roads, bridges, and transit systems across the country. However, with fuel efficiency improving and the rise of electric vehicles, fuel tax revenues have stagnated, leading to funding gaps that challenge the sustainability of this mechanism​ '''(Tyler Data & Insights)'''. On the other hand, tolls represent a user-based financing method, where those who directly use a specific transportation facility—such as highways, bridges, or tunnels—pay for its upkeep. Tolling is increasingly popular for financing new infrastructure or maintaining existing roads, especially in densely populated regions where congestion pricing or electronic toll collection can help manage demand while generating revenue.   While taxes provide a stable but increasingly insufficient funding base, tolls offer a flexible, scalable solution to meet the growing demands on transportation infrastructure. Both mechanisms are essential to understanding how transportation projects are financed and executed in the modern era, with each presenting unique challenges and opportunities for policymakers.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last=Rall |first=Jaime |url=https://trid.trb.org/View/2035087 |title=Transportation Governance and Finance: A 50-State Review of State Legislatures and Departments of Transportation, Third Edition |date=2022/10/00 |isbn=978-1-56051-796-2}}</ref> === Funding Programs for Capital Investment === ==== Funding and Financing Highways and Public Transportation Under the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (IIJA) ==== The most significant recent legislation for federal capital investment funding is the IIJA, signed into law in 2021. This bipartisan legislation seeks to enhance U.S. infrastructure and generate employment. With an investment exceeding $1 trillion, it designates funds for key sectors including transportation, broadband, water, and energy. The initiative is anticipated to create millions of jobs and will be implemented in phases over several years. The IIJA authorized spending on federal highway and public transportation programs until September 30, 2026. It included a substantial $118 billion in general fund transfers to the HTF, securing its solvency throughout the act's duration.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act |url=https://www.ey.com/en_us/infrastructure-investment-and-jobs-act |access-date=2024-06-18 |website=www.ey.com |language=en-US}}</ref> However, projections from the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) foresee a shortfall of $149.7 billion over the five fiscal years following the IIJA's expiration, prompting discussions on how to address this potential deficit. This issue is chronic and not yet directly addressed by the Congress beyond increasing the amounts transferred from the general fund. The IIJA introduced changes to the funding structure by providing additional non-trust fund sums through advance multiyear supplemental appropriations. It included advance appropriations totaling $47 billion for highways and $21 billion for public transportation over FY2022-FY2026, ensuring a guaranteed funding source.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bipartisan Infrastructure Law - Funding {{!}} Federal Highway Administration |url=https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/bipartisan-infrastructure-law/funding.cfm |access-date=2024-06-18 |website=www.fhwa.dot.gov}}</ref> The IIJA's reliance on large general fund amounts, in addition to HTF monies, may  a focal point during its reauthorization debate in FY2025-FY2026. Potential considerations include exploring options such as raising motor fuel taxes, adopting a vehicle miles traveled (VMT) charge, implementing a carbon tax, or an electric vehicle fee. Alternatives involve continuing the use of Treasury general fund transfers, potentially requiring budget offsets, or evaluating a combination of authorized trust-funded budget authority and multiyear appropriations.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-06-13 |title=Running on Empty: The Highway Trust Fund |url=https://enotrans.org/article/running-on-empty-the-highway-trust-fund/ |access-date=2024-06-18 |website=The Eno Center for Transportation |language=en-US}}</ref> ==== Multimodal Project Discretionary Grants (MPDG) ==== Several programs will be highlighted in the coming pages, collectively supporting a wide range of transportation projects aligned with the Department of Transportation's strategic goals. MPDG represents a collection of grant programs aimed at funding these initiatives. This includes categories such as MEGA Grants, INFRA Grants, and Rural Grants, each designed to address specific transportation needs. MEGA Grants: These grants provide substantial funding for large-scale transportation projects that have significant regional or national impacts. Examples of such projects include the construction of major highways, bridges, and transit systems that enhance connectivity and economic growth. Mega Grants are crucial for undertaking ambitious infrastructure projects that require extensive resources and long-term commitment. INFRA Grants: The Infrastructure for Rebuilding America (INFRA) grants are aimed at addressing critical transportation challenges that impede the efficient movement of goods and people. These grants focus on projects that improve freight mobility, reduce congestion, enhance safety, and boost the reliability of transportation networks. INFRA grants support initiatives that are vital for maintaining the competitiveness of the U.S. economy by ensuring that critical infrastructure is modernized and well-maintained. Rural Grants: Recognizing the unique transportation needs of rural areas, Rural Grants provide targeted funding to support infrastructure projects in these regions. These grants help address the disparities in transportation infrastructure between urban and rural areas, ensuring that rural communities have access to safe and reliable transportation options. Projects funded by Rural Grants often include road improvements, bridge repairs, and enhancements to public transit systems, which are crucial for the economic and social well-being of rural populations. ==== Rebuilding American Infrastructure with Sustainability and Equity (RAISE) Program<ref>{{Cite web |title=RAISE Discretionary Grants |url=https://www.transportation.gov/RAISEgrants |access-date=04/01/2024}}</ref> ==== The Rebuilding American Infrastructure with Sustainability and Equity (RAISE) program, formerly known as BUILD (Better Utilizing Investments to Leverage Development) and TIGER (Transportation Investment Generating Economic Recovery), is a discretionary grant initiative managed by the U.S. Department of Transportation. The RAISE program aims to invest in a wide range of infrastructure projects, including road, rail, transit, and port projects. It supports state and local project sponsors and focuses on projects that are multimodal and multi-jurisdictional in nature. A key feature of the RAISE program is its investment in a diverse array of infrastructure projects. The program allocates funds to a wide range of initiatives aimed at improving transportation networks across various modes, including highways, rail systems, public transit, and port facilities. This broad approach ensures a comprehensive strategy for infrastructure development, contributing to a more resilient and robust transportation system. Another important aspect of the RAISE program is its support for multimodal projects. By funding initiatives that integrate multiple transportation modes, the program seeks to foster a more efficient and interconnected transportation network. This multimodal strategy aims to reduce congestion, decrease emissions, and enhance overall transportation efficiency. For example, a project might upgrade both rail and road infrastructure, creating smoother connections between different transportation modes and improving the movement of goods and people. The RAISE program emphasizes equity and sustainability in its approach. It is designed to ensure that infrastructure investments benefit all communities, especially those that have been historically underserved. Projects funded through RAISE are intended to advance environmental sustainability by supporting green infrastructure and reducing transportation-related carbon emissions. Additionally, these projects aim to promote economic growth and social equity, contributing to the overall well-being of diverse populations. The program's focus on these values aims to support a more inclusive and sustainable future for transportation infrastructure in the United States. === '''Financial Programs for Capital Investments''' === Modern infrastructure financing has evolved to include a range of mechanisms beyond traditional “pay as you go” excise taxes aimed at improving the efficiency of public funds, accelerating project delivery, and stimulating economic growth through the use of private capital and the distribution of financial risk. The Federal government plays a crucial role in this process, with agencies such as the U.S. Department of Transportation (USDOT) and the Department of the Treasury being central to the support and facilitation of these financing approaches. A notable development in this area is the establishment of the Build America Bureau. This initiative, part of a broader government effort to enhance infrastructure investment, was designed to actively involve private sector investors, foster collaboration, and expand opportunities for public-private partnerships (P3s). The Bureau supports this objective through key programs such as the Transportation Infrastructure Finance and Innovation Act (TIFIA) and the Railroad Rehabilitation and Improvement Financing (RRIF) credit programs.   This section will examine these financial programs and other federal initiatives that play a role in capital investments, providing an overview of their impact and function in the current infrastructure financing landscape. ==== Transportation Infrastructure Finance and Innovation (TIFIA) Program ==== TIFIA, established in 1998, is a federal initiative aimed at enhancing the impact of limited Federal resources and attracting significant capital market investment in transportation infrastructure. It provides credit assistance through mechanisms such as direct loans, loan guarantees, and standby lines of credit, focusing on projects of national or regional importance. The program's objectives include facilitating projects with substantial public benefits, exploring innovative revenue streams, encouraging private sector involvement, and addressing gaps in capital markets. TIFIA operates under a framework that includes requirements for project cost determinations, credit assistance limits, investment-grade ratings, and compliance with federal regulations. The application process for TIFIA is rolling and allows various entities, including state governments and transportation improvement districts, to submit project proposals. Eligible projects range widely, from highways and bridges to transit facilities and airports. To qualify, projects must demonstrate creditworthiness, obtain investment-grade ratings, and show readiness to proceed. Legislative changes have significantly influenced TIFIA. The Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21st Century (MAP-21) Act of 2012 greatly expanded TIFIA's credit authority and introduced a "first-come, first-served" application process. The Fixing America's Surface Transportation (FAST) Act of 2015 reduced the program’s credit authority and clarified refinancing rules. The Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (IIJA) of 2021 further enhanced TIFIA by extending commitment periods, increasing project rating thresholds, and broadening eligible project types, while streamlining the application process for projects ready to start within 90 days.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-11-23 |title=Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act: Selected Changes Impacting Public-Private Partnerships {{!}} Bracewell LLP |url=https://bracewell.com/insights/infrastructure-investment-and-jobs-act-selected-changes-impacting-public-private |access-date=2024-02-14 |website=bracewell.com |language=en}}</ref> ==== The Railroad Rehabilitation and Improvement Financing Program (RRIF) Program ==== The RRIF Program was established in 1998 under the Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century (TEA-21). This program provides direct loans and loan guarantees to support the development of railroad infrastructure. DOT is authorized to offer up to $35.0 billion in credit assistance, with at least $7.0 billion specifically reserved for projects that benefit freight railroads other than Class I carriers. Class I carriers are the largest freight railroads, classified based on revenue thresholds set by the Surface Transportation Board. The RRIF program prioritizes assistance to smaller freight railroads and other entities not classified as Class I carriers to promote broader infrastructure development and support a diverse range of rail services. Eligible applicants for RRIF credit assistance include state and local governments, interstate compacts, government-sponsored authorities and corporations, railroads, limited option rail freight shippers that own or operate a plant or facility, and joint ventures involving at least one of these entities.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Mallett |first=William |date=February 15, 2019 |title=The Transportation Infrastructure Finance and Innovation Act (TIFIA) Program |url=https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/R/R45516}}</ref> ==== '''''Grant Anticipation Revenue Vehicles (GARVEEs)''''' ==== A GARVEE (Grant Anticipation Revenue Vehicle) is a financial instrument used to provide upfront funding for transportation projects based on anticipated future revenue. Specifically, GARVEEs rely on expected Federal-aid grants as their revenue source. In the context of highway finance, GARVEEs are debt instruments secured by future Title 23 Federal-aid funding. They allow states to use Federal reimbursements to cover debt service and related financing costs, which can include interest payments, principal repayment, and other expenses related to issuing bonds, notes, certificates, mortgages, or leases for eligible projects. GARVEEs offer states the ability to accelerate construction schedules and distribute the financial burden of transportation projects over their useful lifespan, rather than concentrating costs during the construction phase. This approach also provides expanded access to capital markets, complementing other bonding methods such as general obligation or revenue bonds.   The flexibility introduced by GARVEEs, particularly under the NHS Act of 1995, has allowed for longer-term financing of Federal-aid eligible projects and improved states' financial planning capabilities. However, it is important for states to consider the implications of committing future Federal-aid funds for debt service against the immediate financial benefits of GARVEE financing.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Funding: Build America Transportation Investment Center (BATIC) |url=http://financingtransportation.org/funding_financing/funding/ |access-date=2024-06-19 |website=financingtransportation.org}}</ref> ==== Section 129 Loans ==== Generally, tolling is not allowed on Federal-aid projects funded under Title 23. However, Section 129 of Title 23 provides exceptions to this rule by permitting Federal involvement in state loans that are backed by dedicated revenue streams, including tolls. Section 129 allows states to obtain Federal assistance for loans supported by various dedicated revenue sources, such as tolls, excise taxes, sales taxes, real property taxes, motor vehicle taxes, incremental property taxes, or other beneficiary fees. This provision enables states to use these resources to fund transportation projects and to recycle the funding for additional eligible projects. Unlike State Infrastructure Banks (SIBs), which is discussed under the state and local section, Section 129 loans offer states flexibility in negotiating terms, including interest rates. When a Section 129 loan is repaid, the state must use the funds for other Title 23 eligible projects or for credit enhancement activities, such as purchasing insurance or establishing a capital reserve. This requirement helps manage the funding for future projects. Section 129 loans are subject to fewer Federal requirements compared to SIB loans. The provision was modified by the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act (ISTEA) to allow Federal participation in loans for toll projects and was further expanded by the 1995 National Highway System Act to include loans for non-toll projects supported by dedicated revenue streams. This change aimed to broaden Federal-aid eligibility based on the experiences from the Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century (TEA-21). In summary, while Federal-aid projects typically prohibit tolling, Section 129 provides an exception that allows for Federal involvement in state loans supported by tolls and other dedicated revenue sources.<ref name=":1" /> ==== Build America Bonds ==== Build America Bonds (BABs), introduced under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) of February 2009, represent a distinctive form of Federal financing designed to support state and local government projects. Unlike other Federal-aid programs that may have restrictions on taxable interest or specific funding caps, BABs offer a federal interest subsidy to offset the taxable nature of the bonds' interest. Overseen by the Treasury Department, BABs are issued by state or local government entities for public purposes, excluding private activities. This Federal subsidy allows BABs to finance a wide range of projects, including surface transportation, without a volume cap during the years 2009 and 2010. There are two main types of Build America Bonds: Tax Credit BABs and Direct Payment BABs. Tax Credit BABs provide investors with a tax credit equal to 35 percent of the interest paid by the issuer, effectively reducing the issuer's interest expense by approximately 26 percent. Investors can apply these tax credits against their regular income tax liability or alternative minimum tax, with the option to carry forward unused credits to subsequent years. This structure allows issuers to attract investors seeking tax-advantaged investments while reducing their borrowing costs. Direct Payment BABs, on the other hand, offer a more straightforward subsidy where the Treasury Department provides a refundable tax credit directly to the issuer equivalent to 35 percent of the gross interest payable to investors. This subsidy is paid in cash and does not depend on the investor's tax liability, making Direct Payment BABs highly attractive and easily marketable. Unlike Tax Credit BABs, Direct Payment BABs are primarily intended for new construction projects and are not applicable for refinancing or working capital purposes. In comparison, Direct Payment BABs provide a higher subsidy rate (35 percent) than Tax Credit BABs (26 percent) and eliminate the need for investors to consider their tax situation when investing. However, their use is restricted to new construction projects, limiting their flexibility compared to Tax Credit BABs. From an investor's standpoint, Direct Payment BABs resemble conventional taxable bonds because the return is received entirely in cash without the tax credit component. In summary, BABs represent a significant innovation in municipal finance by providing states and local governments with flexible financing options to stimulate infrastructure development, particularly during economic downturns. The choice between Tax Credit BABs and Direct Payment BABs depends on the specific financing needs of the issuer and the preferences of potential investors seeking either tax advantages or cash payments.<ref name=":1" /> === Funding for Operational Expenditure === Transportation assets, including highways and transit systems, have regular life cycles requiring ongoing maintenance, repair, and occasional replacement. Deterioration is not linear; it occurs slowly when the asset is new but accelerates as the asset ages, especially if not properly maintained, which increases operating and maintenance costs. Highway infrastructure operating costs encompass activities like fixing potholes, replacing guardrails, and snow removal. Transit infrastructure operating costs include not only maintenance and repair of vehicles and rails but also labor, fuel, and insurance. In 2020, 62% of total transit operating expenses were allocated to employee salaries, wages, and fringe benefits.<ref>https://www.apta.com/wp-content/uploads/APTA-2022-Public-Transportation-Fact-Book.pdf</ref> The remaining operating expenses covered capital costs such as purchasing new buses.<ref name=":8">https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/R/R47900</ref>  With the launch of the Interstate Highway Program as part of the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1956, the federal government committed to paying 90% of the construction costs of interstate highways. However, the Act did not include maintenance stipulations. The original Federal-Aid Highway program, established by President Woodrow Wilson in 1916, designated states as the owners of the interstate highways and responsible for their maintenance.<ref name=":9">https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/infrastructure/intmaint.cfm</ref>  The Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1976 authorized $175 million annually to address maintenance costs for untolled highways, with the federal government covering 90% of operating costs.<ref name=":9" /> This was followed by the Surface Transportation Assistance Act of 1978, which made Interstate “3R” (resurfacing, restoring, and rehabilitating) funding a permanent category within the Act, also making tolled highways eligible for 3R funding. In 1981, "reconstruction" was added as a fourth "R" to replace aged infrastructure that no longer met acceptable levels of service. In 1982, President Ronald Reagan increased the federal gas tax by 5 cents per gallon, with 4 cents going toward the Highway Trust Fund and 1 cent to the Transit Account.<ref name=":9" /> This program went through various iterations until 2005 when the Safe, Accountable, Flexible, Efficient Transportation Equity Act: A Legacy for Users (SAFETEA-LU) was approved. SAFETEA-LU allotted $100 million annually for 4R work within the Interstate system.<ref name=":9" /> This program expired in 2009, leading to the establishment of the Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21st Century Act (MAP-21) in 2012<ref>{{Cite web |date=January 17, 2023 |title=MAP-21 - Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21st Century Act |url=https://www.fmcsa.dot.gov/mission/policy/map-21-moving-ahead-progress-21st-century-act |website=Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration}}</ref>, which includes clauses addressing reconstruction, resurfacing, restoration, rehabilitation, and preservation of highways and bridges.<ref>{{Cite web |title=MAP-21 Program Explainer: National Highway Performance Program |url=https://t4america.org/maps-tools/map-21/nhpp/ |access-date=2024-09-26 |website=Transportation For America |language=en-US}}</ref>  In 2022, 96% of all federal spending ($50 billion) went to capital investments, with the remainder going toward operating expenditures. This funding is not project-specific and is limited to the interstate highway system, excluding local roads.<ref>https://www.cbo.gov/system/files/2023-10/59634.pdf</ref> Given this history and the responsibility placed on states and local governments to maintain highway infrastructure, federal funding for highway operating costs remains highly limited. Federal funding for transit infrastructure falls under a separate account from the Highway Trust Fund. Prior to the 1960s, transit was mostly private and generated enough profits to maintain service. Following the creation of the Urban Mass Transportation Administration (UMTA) around 1960, which aimed to establish public transportation agencies to replace failing private ones, transit usage surged during the 1973 oil crisis. This shift ultimately led to the National Mass Transportation Act of 1974, which provided federal support for transit operating costs at a maximum share of 50%.<ref name=":8" /> This Act was popular with many transit operators obtaining federal funding, but in the 1980s, the federal share for transit operating costs was reduced to 30% and further reduced to 25% in the 1990s. Additionally, the Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century (TEA-21), passed in the 1990s, eliminated federal support for transit operating costs in urbanized areas with more than 200,000 people while maintaining support for smaller urban areas, rural areas, and small bus operators in large cities starting in 2013. This change was accompanied by a broader definition of capital expenses, allowing traditional operating costs such as preventive maintenance to be considered capital expenses, thus increasing funding.<ref name=":8" /> The chart below shows sources of funds for transit operating expenditures from 2006 to 2016. BAR CHART BAR CHART '''Figure 2 - Sources of Funds for Transit Operating Expenditures, 2006-2016''' In 2019, with the onset of the Coronavirus Pandemic (COVID-19), transit ridership and revenues rapidly declined, but agencies continued to provide service to support essential workers. From 2019 to 2020, fares and revenues decreased by 40%, local support fell by 16.7% to $16.3 billion, and state support decreased by 0.9% to $12.7 billion '''('''<nowiki>https://www.apta.com/wp-content/uploads/APTA-2022-Public-Transportation-Fact-Book.pdf</nowiki>''')'''. The federal government supported transit agencies during this time with a total of $69.5 billion in 2020 and 2021<ref name=":8" />, a significant increase from the $12 billion received in 2019 and the $19 billion from fares and other revenues<ref name=":8" /> during the same year. Prior to COVID-19, transit fares and revenues covered about 25% of the total cost of providing transit service.<ref name=":8" /> This support was part of the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES) Act, which allocated $25 billion through formula funds to urban and rural areas to maintain transit services during the pandemic.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES) Act |url=https://www.transit.dot.gov/cares-act |website=Federal Transit Administration}}</ref> Below is a list of IIJA grant programs that provide opportunities to obtain federal funding for transportation operating costs,<ref>https://gfoaorg.cdn.prismic.io/gfoaorg/0727aa5a-308f-4ef0-addf-140fd43acfb5_BUILDING-A-BETTER-AMERICA-V2.pdf</ref> * State of Good Repair Grants * The Restoration and Enhancement Grant Program * Urbanized Area Formula Grants * Formula Grants for Rural Areas * Enhanced Mobility of Seniors and Individuals with Disabilities * Ferry Service for Rural Communities * Public Transportation on Indian Reservations Formula * Appalachian Development Public Transportation Assistance Program * Charging and Fueling Infrastructure Grants (Community Charging) * Charging and Fueling Infrastructure Grants (Corridor Charging) * Growing State Apportionments * Growing States and High-Density States Formula === Finance for Operational Expenditure === Federal financing for operational expenditure is very limited as this financial tool is mostly used to fund capital investments and build assets rather than maintain them. Most federal financing mechanisms, such as TIFIA loans, State Infrastructure Banks (SIBs), and Grant Anticipation Revenue Vehicles (GARVEEs), are used to pay for construction costs. These financing tools leverage future revenues to pay for the initial investment, and thus are not good tools to pay for daily expenses and repairs. These tools can support operating expenditures in some instances, but they are not primarily used for this purpose. At the federal level, funding sources are a more appropriate tool, but more commonly, state and local funding options are used to cover these expenses. == Funding and Finance at the State and Local Level == In the United States, the "user pays" principle has long been a cornerstone for highway funding, although it is important to note that this approach has not been as prevalent for transit systems, which have primarily relied on public sector support and subsidies since their transition in the 1960s. During this period, Metropolitan Planning Organizations (MPOs) emerged to address the need for coordinated planning and funding in urban areas, facilitating a more structured approach to transportation projects. By July 1965, all 224 urbanized areas had initiated an urban transportation planning process, leading to the establishment of MPOs that leveraged federal resources to enhance local capabilities.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-05-23 |title=About MPOs - AMPO |url=https://ampo.org/about-us/about-mpos/ |access-date=2024-09-26 |language=en-US}}</ref> Consequently, both federal and state governments have heavily relied on fuel taxes, supplemented by vehicle-related fees and taxes, as major revenue sources considered a fair distribution of cost responsibility. These mechanisms effectively align usage levels with contributions for maintenance and development. This funding approach is intrinsically linked to the concept of dedicated revenue sources. In many instances, state constitutions and laws mandate that specific revenue streams be reserved exclusively for transportation-related purposes. Such restrictions ensure that funds derived from designated taxes or fees are applied directly to transportation infrastructure, preventing their diversion to other governmental uses. Conversely, there are scenarios where funding sources are blended and allocated across various governmental needs. In these cases, the clarity of fund origin and usage, along with the governance structures overseeing these processes, becomes critical. Dedicated revenue restrictions act as a safeguard, yet state and local governments often face challenges in tapping into available revenues for immediate projects, long-term plans, or ongoing operational needs related to transportation services.   Therefore, effective funding and finance mechanisms at the state and local levels are crucial not only for the successful implementation but also for the maintenance of various public infrastructure projects. This is highlighted by the fact that operation and maintenance accounted for 57% of state and local highway spending in 2022.<ref>https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/policy/24cpr/pdf/Chapter2.pdf</ref> This section examines the various funding sources and financial programs available to state and local governments for both capital and operational activities, as these are not typically separated at this level of government unlike at the federal level. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for the efficient allocation of resources and the long-term sustainability of projects. ==== '''State Fuel Taxes and Fees''' ==== States employ a diverse array of taxes and fees to fund roads, bridges, and various transportation modes, however, state taxes on motor fuels serve as the primary source of revenue for state highway projects, contributing over 25% of such funding nationwide. Although this percentage is substantial, it is less than the share of federal revenue derived from motor fuel taxes. Each state sets its own tax rates for motor fuels. The average state fuel tax in 2020 was 25.6 cents per gallon across all states. As of January 2022, these rates ranged from approximately 15 to 68 cents per gallon for gasoline and 15 to 100 cents per gallon for diesel fuel. These taxes often include additional levies, such as sales taxes, environmental fees, fees for underground storage tanks, and local taxes.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=FHWA - Center for Innovative Finance Support - Value Capture - State Sources |url=https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/ipd/value_capture/traditional_transportation_revenue/state.aspx |access-date=2024-06-26 |website=www.fhwa.dot.gov}}</ref> '''Table 2 - ADD TITLE''' {| class="wikitable" !US National Average in 2022 !Gasoline !Diesel |- |State Excise Tax |26.16 ¢ per gallon |26.72 ¢ per gallon |- |Other State Taxes/Fees |12.53 ¢ per gallon |13.52 ¢ per gallon |- |Total State Taxes/Fees* |38.69 ¢ per gallon |40.24 ¢ per gallon |- |Total State and Federal Taxes |57.09 ¢ per gallon |64.64 ¢ per gallon |} <ref>{{Cite web |title=Gasoline Tax |url=https://www.api.org/oil-and-natural-gas/consumer-information/motor-fuel-taxes/gasoline-tax |access-date=2024-06-26 |website=www.api.org |language=en}}</ref><small>*The national average is weighted by volume and considers fuel consumption across each state.</small> To maintain the effectiveness of these revenues, an increasing number of states have adopted variable-rate fuel taxes that adjust over time. As of 2020, twenty-four states raise funds through a variable-rate fuel tax. Of these variable-rate fuel taxes, there are over 12 different ways to set the rate.<ref>{{Cite web |title=State Gasoline Taxes: Built to Fail, But Fixable |url=https://itep.org/state-gasoline-taxes-built-to-fail-but-fixable-2/?gad_source=1&gclid=CjwKCAjwm_SzBhAsEiwAXE2Cv8iihm9ss1eF2vdusPVgc33BbEG1jtiNuA-pTUx6Gqhxi2O_WkD0DBoCuTkQAvD_BwE |access-date=2024-09-26 |website=ITEP |language=en-US}}</ref> Some of these taxes are periodically modified based on inflation measures, such as the consumer price index, producer price index, or the National Highway Construction Cost Index. Other states calculate fuel taxes as a percentage of wholesale or retail fuel prices, or by other criteria. In certain states, variable components are added to a fixed-rate tax, while in others, the entire fuel tax is regularly recalculated. Additionally, several states have indexed their motor fuel tax rates to local consumer price indexes or wholesale fuel prices to ensure revenues keep pace with economic changes.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> The table below shows the states that use variable-rate fuel taxes, the rate structure, and the year of the last increase. '''Table 3- Variable Gas Tax Structure per State''' <ref>https://www.ncsl.org/transportation/variable-rate-gas-taxes</ref> {| class="wikitable" !State !Variable Gas Tax Structure !Year of Last Increase |- |Alabama |Tax indexed annually to the National Highway Construction Cost. |2019 |- |Arkansas |Tax based on the average wholesale price of gas and diesel, with a floor (prevents the tax from dropping if the 12-month average wholesale price of fuel is less than the previous year) and a ceiling (limits the increase to no more than .1 CPG). |2019 |- |California |Tax varies with inflation. |2020 (per 2017 legislation) |- |Colorado |Beginning in fiscal year 2032-33 the 8 cent road user fee, which is levied on gasoline, will be indexed to Highway Construction Cost Index inflation. |(2032) (per 2021 legislation) |- |Connecticut |Tax varies with gas prices. |2013 |- |Florida |Tax varies with CPI. |2015 |- |Georgia |Tax varies with vehicle fuel-efficiency and CPI. |2015 |- |Hawaii |Variable rate only because general sales tax applies to gas. |** |- |Illinois |Tax varies with CPI. |  |- |Indiana |Tax varies with inflation and general sales tax applies to gas. |2017 |- |Kentucky |Tax varies with gas prices. |2015 |- |Maryland |Tax varies with gas prices and CPI. |2013 |- |Michigan |Tax varies with inflation. |2022 (per 2015 legislation) |- |Minnesota |Tax varies annually with increases in the Minnesota Highway Construction Cost Index. The rate will be 28.3 cents in 2024. |2023 |- |Nebraska |Tax varies with gas prices and appropriation decisions. |2016 |- |New Jersey |Tax varies with gas prices and revenue collection. |2016 |- |New York |Tax varies with gas prices. |2013 |- |North Carolina |Tax varies with population and CPI. |2015 |- |Pennsylvania |Tax varies with gas prices. |2015 |- |Rhode Island |Tax varies with CPI. |2015 |- |Utah |Tax varies with gas prices and CPI. |2015 |- |Vermont |Tax varies with gas prices. |2015 |- |Virginia |Tax varies with CPI. |2020 |- |West Virginia |Tax varies with gas prices. |2017 |- |D.C. |Tax varies with CPI. |2020 |} For interstate motor carriers, fuel taxation is regulated by the International Fuel Tax Agreement (IFTA), which simplifies the reporting of fuel use by carriers operating in multiple jurisdictions. The International Fuel Tax Association, a non-profit organization, manages and administers the IFTA. The allocation of state-imposed fuel tax revenues varies significantly by state. These funds can be directed to state departments of transportation, special road or bridge funds, county governments, or state general funds. State sales taxes on motor fuels may also be included in a state’s motor fuel excise tax, representing a notable portion of state motor fuel tax revenue.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> ==== '''State Vehicle Taxes and Fees''' ==== Beyond fuel taxes, most states also depend on a variety of vehicle-related fees and taxes to finance transportation projects. These include registration fees for passenger vehicles, which can be flat-rate or calculated based on vehicle-specific factors such as weight, value, age, or horsepower. The structure of these fees varies significantly across states, with some applying a uniform rate and others using a tiered approach based on vehicle characteristics. Not all states allocate the revenue from these fees exclusively to transportation. For instance, Alaska and Georgia do not earmark all registration fee revenues for transportation projects. Besides registration fees, states commonly levy vehicle title fees, truck registration fees based on gross vehicle weight, and special permit fees for oversize or overweight vehicles. States like Georgia, South Carolina, Utah, Vermont, and Washington impose additional fees on heavy vehicles. To address inflation, several states have indexed their vehicle-related fees to the Consumer Price Index (CPI) or similar measures. For example, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, Utah, and West Virginia have tied their vehicle registration or title fees to the CPI. California has further indexed its transportation improvement fee, collected with registration fees, to the California Consumer Price Index. By structuring vehicle-related fees to adjust over time, states can ensure a more stable and sustainable revenue stream for maintaining and improving transportation infrastructure, thus effectively covering the associated costs.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> ==== Road Usage Fees ==== [[File:Status_of_RUC_Pilots-Studies_in_USA_V6c_20140429.jpg|thumb|326x326px|'''Figure 3 - Status of RUC Pilots in the United States<ref>https://www.ibtta.org/road-usage-charge-ruc</ref>''']] Road usage charging (RUC), also referred to as vehicle miles traveled (VMT) fees or mileage-based user fees (MBUF), is a policy that requires motorists to pay based on the distance they travel on the road network. The impetus for adopting RUC comes from two ongoing trends: increasing population and vehicle miles traveled, and the steady decline in fuel tax revenues. As more consumers opt for more fuel-efficient and electric vehicles, the per-mile contribution to fuel tax revenues decreases, and in some cases, these vehicles avoid fuel taxes entirely.   Over the past decade, this concept has gained considerable attention as a sustainable and fair approach to funding transportation infrastructure maintenance and operations, particularly as fuel tax revenues continue to decline due to increasing fuel efficiency and adoption of alternative fuels. RUC is grounded in the "user pays" principle, akin to tolling, but with a broader scope. While tolls are typically limited to specific roadways like expressways, bridges, or tunnels, RUC applies universally to all roads within a certain jurisdiction. The practical methods for implementing RUC range from basic paper licenses and odometer readings to sophisticated automated technologies, including in-vehicle devices and telematics systems.<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=IBTTA |date=2024 |title=Status of RUC Pilots |url=https://www.ibtta.org/road-usage-charge-ruc}}</ref> ==== Tolls ==== Tolls play a crucial role in state transportation funding, serving as direct user fees imposed on specific roads, lanes, or bridges in at least 19 states. Historically, toll roads were prominent in the 18th and 19th centuries when private tollway companies built and maintained roads, charging users directly. The advent of rail travel and toll evasion reduced their significance, but public toll road programs were revived in the 1930s to meet growing demands from automobiles and commerce.  In 1956, Congress allowed tolls to be included in the Interstate Highway System to increase road connectivity without increasing costs (<nowiki>https://highways.dot.gov/highway-history/interstate-system/50th-anniversary/greatest-decade-1956-1966-part-1-essential</nowiki>). By the 1980s, transportation assets were showing wear and tear, highlighting the need to increase maintenance and operating costs. TEA-21's implementation in 1998 created a pilot program where states could collect tolls on interstate highways to rehabilitate them.<ref name=":8" /> Further, MAP-21 removed a clause that restricted states or LPAs from establishing a toll without the permission of the FHWA.<ref>{{Cite web |title=FHWA - Center for Innovative Finance Support - Tolling Programs - Federal Tolling Programs |url=https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/ipd/tolling_and_pricing/tolling_pricing/federal_tolling_programs.aspx |access-date=2024-09-26 |website=www.fhwa.dot.gov}}</ref> (<nowiki>https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/ipd/tolling_and_pricing/tolling_pricing/federal_tolling_programs.aspx</nowiki>). Hence, these toll revenues are earmarked by law for maintaining and improving the infrastructure they serve. Moreover, in recent decades, tolling has experienced renewed interest as states seek additional revenue sources amid constrained public funding. Federal legislation since ISTEA in 1991 has encouraged public-private partnerships and innovative tolling practices to fund transportation infrastructure.<ref name=":4">{{Citation |title=State Departments of Transportation: From Highway Departments to Transportation Agencies |date=2007-02-22 |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781420017021-14 |work=Handbook of Transportation Policy and Administration |pages=143–166 |access-date=2024-06-26 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-429-24565-7}}</ref> Some states, like Indiana, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania, allocate toll revenues to their Departments of Transportation or broader multimodal transportation initiatives. Modern tolling strategies include congestion pricing models that adjust toll rates based on traffic conditions, such as express lanes and high-occupancy toll lanes. Despite variations in state approaches, tolls are increasingly recognized as a stable revenue source that also helps manage traffic congestion effectively.<ref name=":3" /> The table below shows state and local road spending covered by tolls, user fees, and user taxes in 2018. '''Table 4 - Share of State and Local Road Spending Covered by State and Local Tolls, User Fees, and User Taxes (FY 2018)'''<ref>{{Cite web |last=Boesen |first=Ulrik |date=2021-04-21 |title=How Are Your State’s Roads Funded? |url=https://taxfoundation.org/data/all/state/state-infrastructure-spending/ |access-date=2024-09-26 |website=Tax Foundation |language=en-US}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" !State !State Infrastructure Revenue !Motor Fuel Tax Revenue as a % of Infrastructure Revenue !License Revenue as a % of Infrastructure Revenue !Tools and Charges as a % of Infrastructure Revenue !State Share of Highway Spending !% of Highway Spending Funded with Transportation Taxes, License, and Fees |- |Alabama |$1,005,256,000 |74% |24% |1% |$2,096,229,538 |48% |- |Alaska |$180,796,000 |26% |32% |42% |$1,049,724,632 |17% |- |Arizona |$1,121,782,000 |77% |21% |2% |$1,897,356,648 |59% |- |Arkansas |$665,839,000 |74% |25% |1% |$1,475,428,608 |45% |- |California |$11,994,405,000 |53% |39% |8% |$12,028,601,965 |100% |- |Colorado |$1,776,573,000 |38% |39% |23% |$2,772,456,079 |64% |- |Connecticut |$734,855,000 |66% |32% |1% |$1,624,393,202 |45% |- |Delaware |$514,989,000 |26% |11% |63% |$583,560,989 |88% |- |District of Columbia |$66,453,000 |40% |59% |1% |$433,172,639 |15% |- |Florida |$7,255,636,000 |50% |20% |30% |$9,149,817,994 |79% |- |Georgia |$2,285,872,000 |79% |17% |4% |$3,041,441,116 |75% |- |Hawaii |$588,588,000 |30% |69% |1% |$700,173,043 |84% |- |Idaho |$611,791,000 |59% |33% |7% |$735,035,798 |83% |- |Illinois |$4,587,377,000 |33% |36% |31% |$6,351,456,099 |72% |- |Indiana |$1,814,581,000 |78% |21% |1% |$1,608,662,790 |100% |- |Iowa |$1,359,242,000 |49% |50% |0% |$2,413,757,285 |56% |- |Kansas |$852,289,000 |54% |30% |16% |$1,300,095,656 |66% |- |Kentucky |$994,139,000 |71% |22% |8% |$1,568,414,015 |63% |- |Louisiana |$768,565,000 |82% |11% |7% |$1,396,341,731 |55% |- |Maine |$513,049,000 |49% |22% |29% |$785,498,103 |65% |- |Maryland |$2,346,694,000 |46% |21% |32% |$3,073,226,970 |76% |- |Massachusetts |$2,240,354,000 |34% |20% |46% |$2,820,488,160 |79% |- |Michigan |$2,914,169,000 |50% |45% |5% |$3,561,316,511 |82% |- |Minnesota |$1,956,224,000 |48% |42% |10% |$4,154,896,242 |47% |- |Mississippi |$623,279,000 |71% |25% |3% |$1,229,031,074 |51% |- |Missouri |$1,064,220,000 |67% |30% |3% |$1,561,177,182 |68% |- |Montana |$446,746,000 |57% |36% |7% |$433,591,746 |100% |- |Nebraska |$618,280,000 |60% |33% |7% |$1,321,709,603 |47% |- |Nevada |$836,044,000 |75% |24% |1% |$1,717,267,299 |49% |- |New Hampshire |$419,101,000 |44% |20% |37% |$586,801,288 |71% |- |New Jersey |$3,376,399,000 |14% |19% |67% |$3,982,997,979 |85% |- |New Mexico |$460,410,000 |50% |47% |3% |$572,029,177 |80% |- |New York |$7,836,570,000 |21% |20% |59% |$13,034,850,267 |60% |- |North Carolina |$2,994,714,000 |66% |32% |2% |$4,638,624,873 |65% |- |North Dakota |$335,827,000 |59% |37% |5% |$1,149,956,181 |29% |- |Ohio |$3,162,061,000 |60% |29% |11% |$4,608,355,216 |69% |- |Oklahoma |$1,586,164,000 |31% |49% |20% |$1,931,412,570 |82% |- |Oregon |$1,230,917,000 |47% |45% |8% |$1,581,015,574 |78% |- |Pennsylvania |$6,003,784,000 |56% |20% |24% |$9,079,177,201 |66% |- |Rhode Island |$147,305,000 |54% |14% |32% |$316,365,174 |47% |- |South Carolina |$1,211,199,000 |53% |35% |12% |$1,642,141,422 |74% |- |South Dakota |$315,547,000 |59% |37% |4% |$666,259,918 |47% |- |Tennessee |$1,613,688,000 |67% |33% |0% |$1,602,780,484 |100% |- |Texas |$8,591,051,000 |43% |32% |25% |$11,542,374,988 |74% |- |Utah |$736,694,000 |68% |30% |2% |$1,665,680,229 |44% |- |Vermont |$158,249,000 |52% |46% |1% |$452,556,470 |35% |- |Virginia |$2,755,628,000 |40% |25% |35% |$4,484,927,457 |61% |- |Washington |$3,525,274,000 |49% |36% |16% |$3,716,875,084 |95% |- |West Virginia |$559,850,000 |75% |1% |24% |$846,427,681 |66% |- |Wisconsin |$1,776,622,000 |59% |30% |11% |$3,935,721,697 |45% |- |Wyoming |$238,314,000 |48% |48% |5% |$409,774,278 |58% |- |U.S. |$101,773,461,000 |49% |30% |21% |$145,331,426,925 |70% |- | colspan="7" |Note: Federal highway funding to the states is subtracted from spending figures. Percentages reflect only the share of the spending that state and localities are responsible for. Sources: Tax Foundation calculations from the Census Bureau, State and Local Government Finance and Federal Highway Administration data. |} ==== General Funds and Taxes ==== In addition to traditional funding methods, states have supplemented transportation funding with general taxation, similar to the federal government's approach. This involves either making legislative appropriations from a general fund or dedicating a portion of general taxes specifically for transportation purposes. These funds are flexible and can be appropriated to support any transportation mode. Approximately half of the states currently use general funds for transportation, including funding for highways, public transit, rail, aviation, ports, waterways, and pedestrian and bicycle projects. These general funds are usually funded by individual income, corporate income, and sales and use taxes. Each state decides what is included and how to spend its general funds. For instance, in the state of Virginia, the general fund totaled $43.5 billion from 2020-2022. This included $31.5 billion from individual income taxes, $6.8 billion from sales and use taxes paid by individuals and businesses on goods, and $2.2 billion from corporate income taxes.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Virginia DPB - Frequently Asked Questions |url=https://dpb.virginia.gov/budget/faq.cfm |access-date=2024-09-26 |website=dpb.virginia.gov}}</ref> However, most of this general fund goes to other sources aside from transportation since the allocations often vary yearly based on state budget priorities and available funds.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":2" /> To combat this, some states, such as Arkansas, Colorado, Maine, Washington, and Wisconsin, have established recurring transfers from the general fund for transportation purposes. New York's dedicated fund for highways and bridges, which now requires substantial annual support from the state’s general fund, is another example of this approach. In spite of their widespread use, historically, general funds collectively account for only small amount of total state highway funding. ==== '''Transportation Sales Tax Districts''' ==== A Transportation Sales Tax District (TSTD) is a designated region where an additional sales tax is levied to generate revenue for specific transportation facilities or services. These districts are meticulously mapped to encompass areas that will benefit from new or enhanced transportation infrastructure. The establishment and governance of TSTDs are dictated by state authorizing statutes, which outline permissible uses, procedures for establishment, and potential duration limits that may be subject to renewal.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |title=FHWA - Center for Innovative Finance Support - Fact Sheets |url=https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/ipd/value_capture/defined/faq_transportation_sales_tax_districts.aspx |access-date=2024-06-26 |website=www.fhwa.dot.gov}}</ref> TSTDs are typically created in cities and counties where state authorization is in place, following local legislative processes in accordance with state guidelines. Since each sale generates a relatively small amount of revenue, TSTDs are usually formed in areas with high volumes of taxable sales, often encompassing entire cities, counties, or multiple jurisdictions. This approach ensures that sufficient funds are raised to support transportation projects. TSTDs have been effectively implemented in various states, including Illinois, Missouri, Kansas, and California. The types of taxes and fees that can be levied by local jurisdictions are determined by state constitutions and statutes. If a jurisdiction has the authority to impose a sales tax, adjusting the rate within a TSTD is generally an exercise of existing authority. However, imposing a sales tax increase in only certain parts of a jurisdiction typically requires legislative justification at both the state and local levels to avoid legal challenges related to uniformity.<ref name=":5" /> The activities financed by TSTDs are governed by the state or local statutes that authorize their creation, as well as by the local statutes or ordinances that establish specific TSTDs. These districts can fund both capital and operational expenditures, supporting a wide range of transportation investments. TSTDs are particularly effective in raising substantial funds in areas with significant sales activity, thereby facilitating the development and maintenance of essential transportation infrastructure. ==== '''Local Option Sales Taxes (LOST)''' ==== Local Option Sales Taxes (LOST) are taxes imposed by local governments, with voter approval, to fund specific projects or services. These taxes are an important tool for generating revenue at the local level, allowing communities to directly support and invest in their infrastructure and public services. Local option sales taxes have become a popular method for funding transportation investments, especially for transit projects. For instance, in San Diego County, California, the TransNet program levies a half-cent sales tax to support local transportation projects. In Texas, the Capital Metro area imposes a 1% sales tax across nine jurisdictions in Williamson and Travis Counties to help fund the Capital Metro budget. Similarly, the Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transit Authority (MARTA) in Georgia collects a 1% sales tax in Fulton and DeKalb Counties to support its budget. Additionally, the Dallas Area Rapid Transit (DART) in Texas levies a one-cent sales tax across 13 cities in the metropolitan area to fund its budget.<ref name=":6">{{Cite web |title=FHWA - Center for Innovative Finance Support - Value Capture - Development Impact Fees |url=https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/ipd/value_capture/defined/development_impact_fees.aspx |access-date=2024-06-26 |website=www.fhwa.dot.gov}}</ref> ==== '''Development Impact Fees''' ==== Impact fees are charges imposed on new developments to cover the costs of additional public services and infrastructure necessitated by the development. These fees help local governments manage growth and ensure that developers contribute to the community’s needs, such as schools, roads, and parks. These fees are typically calculated using a formulaic approach rather than negotiated agreements with developers. Widely adopted across the United States, impact fees are a key funding mechanism for transportation improvements. There are two main methods for determining impact fees. The inductive method estimates the cost of expanding infrastructure capacity, such as adding lanes to roads, based on predetermined facility capacities and costs. Developers pay a share proportional to the increased demand caused by their developments. In contrast, the deductive method tailors fees to specific development plans and local needs. It involves detailed engineering assessments to identify required infrastructure improvements and assigns costs based on geographic factors and service levels. Impact fees gained popularity in the 1970s and 1980s, particularly in fast-growing areas reluctant to use general revenues for growth-related expenses. Legally, impact fees must pass the "rational nexus" test, demonstrating a logical connection between the fees collected and the infrastructure provided. Once collected, these fees must be promptly spent on designated infrastructure projects and cannot generate surplus revenue beyond what is needed for the improvements they finance.<ref name=":6" /> ==== Other Local Level Funding Sources ==== Other local revenue sources for transportation improvement projects include various sources such as fares, advertising, naming rights, shared resources, concessions, and transportation utility fees. Fares, for instance, are fees collected exclusively from public transit users at the local level, primarily funding ongoing transit operations and maintenance. Transit agencies often issue revenue bonds against future farebox receipts to finance capital improvements. Advertising revenue is generated by selling ad space on transportation assets like transit vehicles, stations, or highway billboards. While the contribution of transit advertising to operating budgets is relatively small as a percentage, the total revenue can be substantial. Major transit agencies, excluding New York, average $6.1 million annually from advertising programs. Naming rights revenue comes from selling the rights to name transportation assets such as toll roads or transit stations to private entities. This practice provides additional funding streams and is increasingly adopted by local agencies nationwide. Shared resources involve private donations of telecommunications technology, typically fiber optic communications, and sometimes cash, in exchange for access to public rights-of-way. This approach helps states build technological infrastructure for intelligent transportation systems (ITS) while leveraging private sector investments to meet project matching requirements.<ref name=":6" /> === Finance for Capital and Operational Investments === Financing is an important tool for state and local governments to not only fund projects but also access federal grants. Federal grants are usually given as reimbursements, meaning that local governments must have access to the funds prior to receiving the grant. They can also be given through matching programs, where the federal government supplies a percentage of the cost, and the local government must supply the rest.<ref name=":3" /> Financing is generally used to pay for capital investments rather than recurring expenses like operating costs and maintenance. Taxes and tolls are more commonly used to pay for operating expenses. The following are some financing options at the state and local level that can be used to pay for capital and operational investments. These are general guidelines, as each state or LPA will develop a bespoke option to fit their financial needs. ==== '''State Infrastructure Bank (SIB)''' ==== State Infrastructure Banks (SIBs) are state-managed investment funds specifically designed for surface transportation infrastructure. Similar to private banks, SIBs provide a variety of loans and credit enhancement products to support public and private sponsors involved in Title 23 highway construction projects or Title 49 transit capital projects. Repayments to SIBs, whether from Federal or non-Federal sources, are considered Federal funds under the requirements of Titles 23 and 49. SIBs empower states to maximize the efficiency of their transportation funds and significantly amplify Federal resources by attracting additional public and private investments. Alternatively, SIB capital can serve as collateral for borrowing in the bond market or establishing guaranteed reserve funds. States must carefully assess factors such as loan demand, timing of infrastructure needs, and debt financing considerations when considering the strategic use of leveraged SIB approaches. Initially capitalized with Federal-aid surface transportation funds matched by state contributions, SIBs play a crucial role in financing transportation projects. Some states have also established SIBs or separate accounts funded exclusively by state resources. As loans and other forms of credit assistance are repaid to the SIB, its initial capital is replenished, enabling continuous support for new cycles of infrastructure projects.<ref name=":1" /> ==== '''State Transportation Bond Programs''' ==== State transportation bond programs involve the issuance of bonds to raise capital for transportation projects. These bonds are typically repaid over time using specified revenue sources, such as tolls or taxes. By utilizing bond programs, states can swiftly secure funding for critical transportation initiatives, thereby enhancing infrastructure and connectivity. Bonds are financial instruments through which states borrow money from investors, promising repayment with interest. Types of bonds include general obligation bonds, which are backed by the state's full faith and credit, and revenue bonds, secured by specific revenue streams like tolls. Municipal bonds are often issued by states, offering tax-exempt interest to investors, which is typically exempt from federal and state income taxes.<ref name=":2" /> These debt securities are mostly used for capital investment in infrastructure projects, including schools, highways, and sewage systems. They can be short-term bonds, typically paid back within 1-3 years, or long-term bonds, which can be paid back a decade or longer after issuance.<ref>{{Cite web |title=SEC.gov {{!}} What are Municipal Bonds |url=https://www.sec.gov/munied |access-date=2024-09-26 |website=www.sec.gov}}</ref> ==== '''State P3 Programs''' ==== State Public-Private Partnership (P3) programs foster collaboration between public and private sectors to finance, construct, and manage infrastructure projects. These initiatives harness private investment to supplement public funding, enabling the development of projects that may otherwise be financially challenging. P3 programs enhance project efficiency, expedite timelines, and distribute risk between public and private entities. These partnerships encompass diverse arrangements where private partners design, build, finance, operate, or maintain facilities in exchange for revenue from tolls or other compensation. While P3s can unlock additional financing avenues and generate cost efficiencies for projects, they do not directly provide new state revenues. Instead, states must repay private investments using traditional funding sources like taxes or tolls. Most states now have legislation enabling public-private partnerships to varying extents, with numerous states actively engaged in P3 projects. Recent expansions in state financing options and alternative procurement methods reflect a growing trend across states like Alabama, Arkansas, California, and others, signaling increased exploration of innovative financing mechanisms to support infrastructure development.<ref name=":0" /> ==== '''Transportation Improvement Districts (TIDs)''' ==== Transportation Improvement Districts (TIDs) are specialized districts created to fund transportation projects, employing various financing mechanisms like special assessments or tax increments. These districts focus on enhancing transportation infrastructure and services within their designated zones, which often span multiple local or regional jurisdictions. Unlike traditional special assessment districts that target specific project benefits, TIDs take a broader, programmatic approach aligned with adopted land use or development plans. TIDs facilitate cooperation among multiple jurisdictions, pooling and strategically managing transportation funding resources to implement system-wide improvements. Governed by a board of directors representing constituent members, typically under the oversight of a lead entity such as a county commission, TIDs operate as distinct governmental bodies authorized by state legislation. They levy special assessments on property owners or sales taxes on consumers benefiting from district improvements, with the ability to issue debt against projected future revenues and engage in contracts related to infrastructure enhancements. By consolidating efforts across jurisdictions, TIDs streamline the implementation of complex transportation projects that might otherwise pose challenges for individual local entities. They are well-positioned to address anticipated regional growth and often leverage targeted transportation improvements to stimulate economic development within their areas.<ref name=":5" /> ==== '''Tax Increment Financing (TIF)''' ==== Tax Increment Financing (TIF) is a tool employed by local governments to stimulate economic growth and redevelopment. It operates by capturing the future tax revenues generated from increases in property values within a designated area to finance current improvements. TIF districts, established under state laws across the United States, focus on specific geographic zones where planned improvements are intended to boost property values and spur development. Over a typical span of 20 to 25 years, any incremental real estate tax revenues above a baseline rate are redirected into the TIF fund. These funds can be utilized to repay bonds issued for initial project costs or to finance ongoing infrastructure projects as they progress. In some cases, private developers may finance improvements upfront, with reimbursement from TIF revenues as tax proceeds accrue. TIF districts are often targeted at blighted or underdeveloped areas to catalyze investment and development where it might otherwise be stagnant. While predominantly used for urban revitalization and housing initiatives, TIF has also been selectively authorized for transportation infrastructure funding in certain states, although this application remains less common compared to its use in other development contexts.<ref name=":6" /> == Case Studies == === San Francisco Bay Area Case Study === ==== Background ==== The San Francisco Bay Area is a densely populated and economically vibrant region with a population of approximately 7.75 million people. It is the fourth-largest metropolitan area in the U.S in terms of its population and it approximately has 7,000 square miles of land. It boasts high household incomes, largely driven by the prosperous tech industry. The governance structure in the Bay Area is intricate, involving nine counties such as San Francisco and Alameda, alongside numerous cities, towns, and special districts each with their own transportation needs therefore all these governmental units plays a significant role in shaping regional policies and infrastructure development.<ref name=":10">{{Cite web |date=2021-03-16 |title=What Is MTC? {{!}} Metropolitan Transportation Commission |url=https://mtc.ca.gov/about-mtc/what-mtc |access-date=2024-09-26 |website=mtc.ca.gov |language=en}}</ref> MAP OF SAN FRANCISCO MAP OF SAN FRANCISCO '''Figure 4 - A Map of the San Francisco Bay Area<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bay Area Census -- Counties |url=http://www.bayareacensus.ca.gov/counties/counties.htm |access-date=2024-09-26 |website=www.bayareacensus.ca.gov}}</ref>''' Over the past thirty years, Bay Area transit ridership has experienced cycles of growth and decline, closely tied to the local economy. A significant drop occurred during the COVID-19 pandemic, with ridership rebounding to only about 50% of pre-pandemic levels by 2022. Many white-collar workers shifted to remote work, impacting local transit systems like SFMTA, BART, Golden Gate Transit/Ferry, and Caltrain, which were designed for commuting to central business districts. By 2022, average weekday boardings had fallen to just 49% of the figures from 2019.<ref name=":14">{{Cite web |date=2021-03-17 |title=Bay Area Transportation Study {{!}} Metropolitan Transportation Commission |url=https://mtc.ca.gov/planning/transportation/regional-transportation-studies/bay-area-transportation-study |access-date=2024-09-26 |website=mtc.ca.gov |language=en}}</ref> HISTORICAL TREND FOR TRANSIT RIDERSHIP HISTORICAL TREND FOR TRANSIT RIDERSHIP '''Figure 5 - Historical Trend for Transit Ridership by Mode in the San Francisco Bay Area'''<ref name=":14" /> The Metropolitan Transportation Commission (MTC) serves as the transportation planning, financing, and coordinating agency for the nine-county San Francisco Bay Area. As the region’s Metropolitan Planning Organization, MTC oversees a range of transportation assets, including roads, highways, public transit, airports, and the movement of goods via ports and freight rail. In collaboration with cities and counties, MTC helps set and achieve both short- and long-term transportation goals.<ref name=":10" /> ==== Funding Sources ==== The funding landscape for transportation agencies in the Bay Area is diverse and complex, as illustrated by the various sources of revenue these agencies rely on. NUMBER OF PROJECTS AND FUNDING NUMBER OF PROJECTS AND FUNDING '''Figure 6 - Number of Projects and Funding in the 2025 TIP by Bay Area County<ref name=":15">https://mtc.ca.gov/sites/default/files/documents/2024-09/Final_TIP_Update_2025_Fact_Sheet_English.pdf</ref>''' According to the 2025 Transportation Improvement Program, more than 300 projects across the region, totaling over $11.7 billion, will receive funding between 2025 and 2028 to support environmental, design, engineering, and construction activities. The funding will primarily focus on four key areas: transit, state highways, local roads, and biking/walking improvements. The next section explores the various sources of funding across different levels of government.<ref name=":15" /> ==== Federal Level ==== In order to maximize the impact of federal transportation funding and increase eligibility for additional resources, MTC provides recommendations on how federal funds should be allocated and ensures compliance with project delivery regulations. '''Table 5 - San Francisco Bay Area's Transportation Program with Federal Funding Sources''' {| class="wikitable" |'''Name of the Program''' |'''Source''' |- |One Bay Area Grants |FHWA |- |Carbon Reduction Program |FHWA |- |National Highway Freight Program (NHFP) |FHWA |- |FTA State of Good Repair Grants: Transit Capital Priorities |FTA |- |FTA Transit Expansion Grants: Next Generation Transit |FTA |- |Transit & Intercity Rail Expansion and Modernization |Bipartisan Infrastructure Law |- |Nationally Significant Mobility & Goods Movement |Bipartisan Infrastructure Law |- |Safety, Equity, Resilience & Other Local Priority Projects |Bipartisan Infrastructure Law |- |Bridge & Highway |Bipartisan Infrastructure Law |} ===== Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) Funds ===== MTC allocates Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) funds to Bay Area projects prioritized in the regional long-term transportation plan, Plan Bay Area. To guide the distribution of these funds, MTC developed the One Bay Area Grant (OBAG) program and the Carbon Reduction Program (CRP). OBAG, now in its third iteration, directs the distribution of FHWA Surface Transportation Block Grant (STP) and Congestion Mitigation and Air Quality Improvement (CMAQ) funds to projects across the Bay Area. Launched in 2015, the first iteration of OBAG focused on leveraging federal transportation funding to address climate change. It aligned with California’s climate laws and the Sustainable Communities Strategy by targeting Priority Development Areas, Priority Conservation Areas, and Climate Initiatives, while maintaining commitments to existing transportation priorities. OBAG 2, adopted in November 2015, provided over $900 million in federal funding for projects between 2018 and 2022. The third round, OBAG 3, adopted in January 2022, distributes more than $750 million for projects from 2023 to 2026, with a focus on improving safety, spurring economic development, and meeting climate and air quality goals. As part of OBAG 3, MTC also launched the Carbon Reduction Program (CRP) in October 2022, setting priorities for allocating $60 million in FHWA grants between 2022 and 2026 to support projects aimed at reducing carbon emissions.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-05-29 |title=Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) Grants {{!}} Metropolitan Transportation Commission |url=https://mtc.ca.gov/funding/federal-funding/federal-highway-administration-fhwa-grants |access-date=2024-09-26 |website=mtc.ca.gov |language=en}}</ref> ===== Federal Transit Agency (FTA) Funds ===== MTC also allocates funds from the FTA to Bay Area transit agencies for maintaining and modernizing the region’s transit network. FTA funding primarily supports two types of initiatives: state of good repair projects and efforts to expand or update transit systems. Through its "Fix It First" strategy, MTC prioritizes maintaining existing infrastructure to ensure a resilient network that can accommodate the regional growth projected in Plan Bay Area. Additionally, the “Transit for the Future” program aims to partner with transit agencies to utilize FTA funds for modernizing their systems, making transportation more efficient and effective for the 21st century.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-05-20 |title=Federal Transit Administration (FTA) Grants {{!}} Metropolitan Transportation Commission |url=https://mtc.ca.gov/funding/federal-funding/federal-transit-administration-fta-grants |access-date=2024-09-26 |website=mtc.ca.gov |language=en}}</ref> ===== Federal Discretionary Funds ===== BAY AREA'S BIPARTISAN INFRASTRUCTURE BAY AREA'S BIPARTISAN INFRASTRUCTURE '''Figure 7 - Bay Are's Bipartisan Infrastructure Law Regional Priority Projects<ref>https://mtc.ca.gov/sites/default/files/documents/2023-07/BIL_projects_congress_districts_2023dc.pdf</ref>''' Bay Area transportation projects of all sizes are looking to capitalize on competitive grant opportunities provided by the 2021 Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act, also referred to as the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law. The BIL allocates $140 billion in new grant funding, allowing Bay Area surface transportation projects to compete for a share. About $100 billion of this amount is secured, with the rest dependent on future federal budget approvals. The USDOT will distribute these funds over a five-year period through more than two dozen specialized competitive grant programs.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-12-03 |title=Bipartisan Infrastructure Law (BIL) Competitive Grants {{!}} Metropolitan Transportation Commission |url=https://mtc.ca.gov/funding/funding-opportunities/bipartisan-infrastructure-law-bil-competitive-grants |access-date=2024-09-26 |website=mtc.ca.gov |language=en}}</ref> ==== Regional Level ==== The Bay Area’s transportation network is partially funded through voter-supported regional measures, including toll funding and sales taxes on fuel. By assessing the needs of the region as a whole, MTC aims to enhance collaboration among various stakeholders. Toll revenues generated from the Bay Area’s state-owned bridges are used to fund infrastructure improvements. These improvements are intended to address traffic congestion, enhance safety, and provide various transportation options. Regional Measure 3 allocates funding for highway and transit improvements, while Regional Measure 2 supports projects for highways, transit, bicycles, and pedestrians on and near the bridges. Regional Measure 1 financed upgrades to bridges and roadways throughout the Bay Area, contributing to the region's transportation network.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-03-17 |title=Regional Funding {{!}} Metropolitan Transportation Commission |url=https://mtc.ca.gov/funding/regional-funding |access-date=2024-09-26 |website=mtc.ca.gov |language=en}}</ref> ==== State Level ==== MTC invests state funds in transportation programs and projects across the Bay Area, playing a key role in allocating resources from various state revenue sources, including the Cap-and-Trade program, gas taxes, sales taxes, and other revenues to support regional transportation initiatives. California’s Cap and Trade program generates revenue to help offset greenhouse gas emissions. MTC assists the Bay Area in submitting competitive project proposals to secure these funds, positioning the region effectively against others. Regional Early Action Planning Grant Program (REAP 2) is a part of California's strategic investments aimed at fostering a more sustainable, resilient, and inclusive future. This program supports local planning efforts that align with state sustainability goals. State excise taxes on gasoline and diesel fuel, along with retail sales taxes, fund essential infrastructure, including highways and local streets. These revenues also contribute to financing the Bay Area's transit network, to provide more transportation options for residents. The State Transportation Improvement Program (STIP) outlines a five-year investment plan for state transportation funds. It integrates the Regional Transportation Improvement Programs (RTIPs) and the Interregional Transportation Improvement Program (ITIP), providing a comprehensive framework for funding state transportation projects.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-03-17 |title=State Funding {{!}} Metropolitan Transportation Commission |url=https://mtc.ca.gov/funding/state-funding |access-date=2024-09-26 |website=mtc.ca.gov |language=en}}</ref> ==== Local Level ==== At the local level, various funding sources and programs support transportation initiatives, including county transit and transportation sales taxes that provide financial support for local transportation projects and initiatives. The Local Highway Bridge Program (HBP) is managed by Caltrans and focuses on the upkeep and enhancement of local highway bridges. This program provides financial resources specifically designated for bridge maintenance and repairs, addressing structural integrity and safety concerns. By funding necessary improvements, HBP aims to extend the lifespan of these critical assets and ensure safe passage for vehicles and pedestrians alike. Similarly, the Local Highway Safety Improvement Program (HSIP), also managed by Caltrans, prioritizes safety enhancements on local roads and highways. This program allocates funding for a variety of safety improvement projects designed to reduce the number of accidents and improve overall roadway safety. HSIP projects may include the installation of traffic signals, road signage, lighting improvements, and other measures that contribute to safer travel conditions for all road users. Through these initiatives, local agencies work to create a safer transportation environment in their communities.<ref>https://mtc.ca.gov/sites/default/files/documents/2024-09/Final_TIP_Update_2025_Fact_Sheet_English.pdf</ref> ==== Innovative Financing   ==== Some projects also utilize innovative financing strategies like Advance Construction (AC) and toll credits. AC enables local agencies to start construction using local funds, with the option to be reimbursed later by federal funds. Toll credits are allocated to the state by the federal government in exchange for using toll revenue on local transportation projects. Local agencies can apply these toll credits instead of the usual non-federal match requirement (typically 11.47 percent of the total project cost), allowing federal funding to cover 100 percent of the project costs. A notable innovative financing approach is the P3s model. The Presidio Parkway in the San Francisco Bay Area project exemplifies this approach, combining public funding with private investment to enhance infrastructure development. Through the P3 structure, the project was able to utilize AC, allowing local agencies to start construction with local funds and later receive federal reimbursements. Additionally, the use of toll credits enabled the state to forgo the typical non-federal match requirement, allowing federal funds to cover the entire cost of the project.   ==== Key Findings ==== The San Francisco Bay Area, with a population of approximately 7.75 million residents, is a densely populated region characterized by a complex governance structure that includes nine counties and numerous cities. This intricate setup necessitates collaborative efforts to address the diverse transportation needs across the area. The funding landscape for transportation projects in the Bay Area is both wide-ranging and multifaceted. According to the 2025 Transportation Improvement Program, over 300 projects are set to receive more than $11.7 billion in funding between 2025 and 2028. These investments primarily focus on four key areas: transit, state highways, local roads, and improvements for biking and walking. At the federal level, the Metropolitan Transportation Commission (MTC) plays a crucial role in the allocation of funds, utilizing programs such as the One Bay Area Grant (OBAG) and the Carbon Reduction Program (CRP). These initiatives not only aim to improve transportation infrastructure but also emphasize climate change mitigation, reflecting a commitment to sustainable development. On the state level, MTC allocates funds derived from various sources, including the Cap-and-Trade program and gas taxes, to support regional transportation initiatives. Programs like the Regional Early Action Planning Grant Program (REAP 2) focus on fostering a more sustainable and inclusive future. Locally, funding is further enhanced through county transit and transportation sales taxes, which provide essential financial support for critical projects. Programs such as the Local Highway Bridge Program (HBP) and the Local Highway Safety Improvement Program (HSIP) prioritize the maintenance of infrastructure and safety improvements on local roads. Lastly, innovative financing strategies such as Advance Construction (AC) and toll credits allow local agencies to maximize the efficiency of funding. These approaches enable projects to commence using local funds while facilitating reimbursement from federal sources, thereby enhancing the overall feasibility of transportation initiatives. In summary, the Bay Area's approach to addressing transportation needs is characterized by collaborative governance, diverse funding sources, and innovative strategies aimed at ensuring a robust and effective transportation network. === Washington Metropolitan Area Case Study === ==== Background ==== The Washington Metropolitan Area (WMA) has a population of approximately 6.64 million people. The average income in the region is around $98,000 per year, reflecting a relatively high standard of living. The WMA comprises multiple counties across Northern Virginia and suburban Maryland, including Fairfax and Montgomery Counties. Besides Washington D.C., the area includes cities like Arlington and Bethesda and various special districts. This interaction between different states and a federal district creates a diverse and complex governmental landscape where local, state, and federal agencies must come together to plan for the region’s future. The metropolitan planning organization (MPO) responsible for developing a plan to address the region’s transportation needs is the National Capital Region Transportation Planning Board (TPB). The National Capital Region Transportation Planning Board (TPB) serves as the area's Metropolitan Planning Organization (MPO), coordinating and planning transportation policies across a federal district, Washington D.C., and two states: Maryland and Virginia. TPB’s members also include 23 local governments and transit agencies such as the Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority (WMATA). TPB's key task is to develop a continuing, cooperative, and comprehensive transportation planning process to meet the region’s diverse transportation needs.<ref name=":11">{{Cite web |url=https://www.mwcog.org/documents/2022/06/15/fy-2023-2026-transportation-improvement-program-tip-visualize-2045/ |access-date=2024-09-26 |website=www.mwcog.org}}</ref> MEMBERS OF THE NATIONAL CAPITAL REGION TPB MEMBERS OF THE NATIONAL CAPITAL REGION TPB '''Figure 8 - Members of the National Capital Region TPB'''<ref name=":12">{{Cite web |url=https://www.mwcog.org/transportation/plans/upwp/ |access-date=2024-09-26 |website=www.mwcog.org}}</ref> '''Table 6 - Agencies under the TPS responsible for developing the TIP Programming'''<ref name=":11" /> {| class="wikitable" |District of Columbia |District Department of Transportation (DDOT) |- |Suburban Maryland |Maryland Department of Transportation   * State Highway Administrations (MDOT SHA)   * Maryland Transit Administration (MTA) * Maryland Transportation Authority (MDTA) Charles County Department of Public Works Frederick County Department of Public Works Montgomery County Department of Transportation Prince George’s County Department of Public Works and Transportation Maryland-National capital Park and Planning Commission (M-NNCPPC) City of Frederick Planning Department Gaithersburg Public Works Department |- |Northern Virginia |Virginia Department of Transportation (VDOT) Virginia Department of Rail and Public Transportation (VDRPT) Virginia Railway Express (VRE) Potomac and Rappahannock Transportation Commission (PRTC) Northern Virginia Transportation Authority (NVTA) Northern Virginia Transportation Commission (NVTC) Arlington County Department of Environmental Services Fairfax County Department of Transportation Fauquier County Department of Community Development Loudoun County Department of Transportation and Capital Infrastructure Prince William County Department of Transportation City of Alexandria Department of Transportation and Environmental Services City of Fairfax Department of Public Works City of Falls Church Department of Public Works City of Manassas Public Works Department City of Manassas Park Public Works Department |- |Regional |Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority (WMATA) Eastern Federal Lands Highway Division Metropolitan Washington Airports Authority (MWAA) |} ==== Funding Sources ==== This case study examines the 2023-2026 Transportation Improvement Program, highlighting the financial strategies and investments necessary to meet the region's growing transportation needs. The TPB’s Transportation Improvement Program (TIP) for FY 2023–2026 includes a budget of almost $11.9 billion for the region and over 300 transportation projects.<ref name=":12" /> This is a decrease from the $15 billion budget outlined in the 2019-2024 TIP.<ref name=":13">{{Cite web |url=https://www.mwcog.org/documents/2020/03/18/fy-2021-2024-transportation-improvement-program/ |access-date=2024-09-26 |website=www.mwcog.org}}</ref> Of the 300 projects, 180 are location or corridor specific. Most funds will be allocated to roadways and bridges, transit and bicycle and pedestrian infrastructure.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Approved Plan, TIP and Conformity |url=https://visualize2045.org/plan-update/approved-2022-plan/ |access-date=2024-09-26 |website=TPB Visualize 2045 |language=en}}</ref> ==== Federal Level ==== The TPB uses Visualize 2045, the long-range transportation plan for the capital region<ref>{{Cite web |title=Home |url=https://visualize2045.org/ |access-date=2024-09-26 |website=TPB Visualize 2045 |language=en}}</ref>, to determine how to allocate funds across the region. Additionally, TPB works in partnership with state agencies to ensure that all projects receiving federal funds comply with federal regulations and align with the region’s long-term priorities. This collaborative approach helps maximize the impact of federal funding and ensures that key regional transportation challenges are addressed. Once the TIP is completed, it is sent to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), which reviews the plan to ensure it meets air quality standards. Of the $11.9 billion budget, around $5.6 billion comes from federal sources. To ensure that all required performance areas are met, all TPB agencies involved document their roles and responsibilities in Letters of Agreement (LOAs).<ref name=":12" /> '''Table 7 - National Capital Region Transportation Programs with Federal Funding Sources'''<ref name=":11" /> {| class="wikitable" |'''Name of the Program'''   |'''Source'''   |- |BUILD Discretionary Grants   |FHWA   |- |Bridge Replacement and Rehabilitation   |FHWA   |- |Congestion Mitigation and Air Quality Improvement |FHWA   |- |Demonstration   |FHWA   |- |High Priority Project |FHWA   |- |Highway Infrastructure |FHWA   |- |Highway Safety Improvement |FHWA   |- |National Highway Freight |FHWA   |- |Regional Surface Transportation |FHWA   |- |Special Project |FHWA   |- |State Planning & Research   |FHWA   |- |State Transportation Innovation Council |FHWA |- |Surface Transportation Block   |FHWA   |- |Transportation Alternatives |FHWA   |- |TIFIA Loan   |FHWA   |- |Section 5303 – Metropolitan Transportation Planning   |FTA   |- |Section 5304 – Statewide Transportation Planning Grant |FTA   |- |Section 5307 – Urbanized Area Formula   |FTA   |- |Section 5309 – Capital Investment Grant |FTA   |- |Section 5310 – Elderly and Persons with Disabilities |FTA   |- |Section 5311 – Non-urbanized Are Formula |FTA   |- |Section 5337 – State of Good Repair |FTA   |- |Section 5339(c) – Low or No Emission Vehicle   |FTA   |- |Section 5339 – Bus and Bus Facilities Formula |FTA   |- |Passenger Rail Investment and Improvement Act |FTA   |} ===== Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) Funds ===== The three largest federal programs that will provide funds for the capital region are the Surface Transportation Block Grant Program (STBG), the National Highway Performance Program (NHPP), TIFIA loans, and the Congestion Mitigation and Air Quality Improvement (CMAQ) program. These programs will provide $1,280,771,265; $1,280,229,943; $148,516,742; and $127,910,869 respectively. TIFIA loans will be expanded on in a later section.<ref name=":11" /> The remaining three programs have distinct objectives. The STBG is a flexible program that provides funds to preserve and improve the conditions of transportation infrastructure, such as highways, bridges, tunnels, pedestrian, and bicycle infrastructure, and bus terminals.<ref>{{Cite web |title=STBG - Federal-aid Programs - Federal-aid Programs and Special Funding - Federal Highway Administration |url=https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/specialfunding/stp/ |access-date=2024-09-26 |website=www.fhwa.dot.gov}}</ref> The NHPP focuses on improving and maintaining the condition and performance of the National Highway System (NHS), supporting new NHS infrastructure, and making it more resilient to climate change and natural disasters.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bipartisan Infrastructure Law - National Highway Performance Program (NHPP) Fact Sheet {{!}} Federal Highway Administration |url=https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/bipartisan-infrastructure-law/nhpp.cfm |access-date=2024-09-26 |website=www.fhwa.dot.gov}}</ref> Lastly, the CMAQ program’s main objective is to reduce emissions caused by transportation-related sources.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Federal Programs Directory: Congestion Mitigation and Air Quality (CMAQ) Improvement Program |url=https://www.transportation.gov/sustainability/climate/federal-programs-directory-congestion-mitigation-and-air-quality-cmaq |website=U.S. Department of Transportation}}</ref> These three programs are the same ones that provided the most funds in the previous TIP (2019-2022). In 2019-2022, NHPP provided $1,174,690,000, STBG $1,011,220,000, and CMAQ $155,930,000.<ref name=":13" /> NHPP and STBG saw increases from 2019-2024 to 2023-2026, while CMAQ saw a decrease of approximately $28 million. ===== Federal Transit Agency (FTA) Funds ===== The FTA will also provide funds to the national capital region through ten grants and programs, including section 5307, which will provide $1,032,347,213, section 5337 with $878,523,728, and the Passenger Rail Investment and Improvement Act (PRIIA) with $424,000,000.<ref name=":11" /> Section 5307, also known as the Urbanized Area Formula Funding Program, provides funding for capital and operating needs of transit infrastructure.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Urbanized Area Formula Grants - 5307 |url=https://www.transit.dot.gov/funding/grants/urbanized-area-formula-grants-5307 |website=Federal Transit Administration}}</ref> Section 5337 is a formula grant for maintenance, replacement, and rehabilitation of transit infrastructure.<ref>{{Cite web |title=State of Good Repair Grants - 5337 |url=https://www.transit.dot.gov/funding/grants/state-good-repair-grants-5337 |website=Federal Transit Administration}}</ref> PRIIA authorizes investments in passenger rail infrastructure.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Passenger Rail Investment and Improvement Act of 2008 (PRIIA) |url=https://www.transportation.gov/testimony/passenger-rail-investment-and-improvement-act-2008-priia |website=U.S. Department of Transportation}}</ref> In the previous TIP (2019-2024), the three largest FTA grants were section 5307, PRIIA, and section 5309<ref name=":13" />, which supports capital investments for rail, streetcars, and bus rapid transit.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Capital Investment Grants - 5309 |url=https://www.transit.dot.gov/capital-investment-grants-5309 |website=Federal Transit Administration}}</ref> ==== Regional Level ==== The Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority (WMATA) plays a central role in managing the region’s transit network. However, WMATA does not have a dedicated funding source that it controls. It relies on state, local, and federal government funds to support its transit services. WMATA addresses the needs of Metrorail, Metrobus, and MetroAccess systems and identifies its capital needs in the 2024-2029 Capital Improvement Program and 10-Year Plan.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Capital Improvement Program |url=https://www.wmata.com/initiatives/capital-improvement-program/index.cfm |website=Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority}}</ref> WMATA divides its capital needs between state of good repair needs and future compliance needs. ==== State and Local Level ==== The District of Columbia, Maryland, and Virginia each have significant roles in funding transportation projects within the region. Both Maryland and Virginia contribute to the region through various revenue sources like fuel taxes, sales taxes, and vehicle registration fees, which are used to support highway and transit infrastructure. The Commonwealth Transportation Board (CTB) oversees the work of the Virginia Department of Transportation (VDOT) and develops the Six-Year Improvement Program (SYIP). The SYIP allocates funds for expanding roadways, improving safety, and enhancing transit services. From the TIP, Northern Virginia is expected to receive $694,356,044 from federal funds, $362,991,653 from state and local funds, and $184,113,543 from other funds. Of the state and local funds, the majority comes from state and district funding.<ref name=":11" /> Similarly, the state of Maryland develops the Consolidated Transportation Program (CTP), a six-year program report on transportation projects. The CTP receives annual feedback from county and local officials before being presented, in addition to the State Report on Transportation, to the Governor and General Assembly for budget approval. From 2023-2026, Maryland is set to receive $1,817,760,227 from federal funds, $241,057,849 from state and local funds, and $2,601,890,000 from other funds, of which $2,450,000,000 comes from private developers.<ref name=":11" /> The District of Columbia also develops its own six-year program, the Capital Improvement Program (CIP). The D.C. Council then acts as the state legislature to amend the CIP, which has to be approved by the U.S. Congress. The District of Columbia is set to receive $1,005,846,688 from federal funds, $632,244,805 from District/State sources, and $1,280,000 from the National Recreational Trails Funding Program.<ref name=":11" /> ==== Innovative Financing ==== Like the San Francisco Bay Area, the capital region also relies on Advanced Construction (AC) to accelerate the delivery of critical projects. The capital region also depends on Toll Financing, which collects tolls on major highways to reinvest in the region’s transportation infrastructure. While most express lanes in Virginia are privately operated, some are DOT-operated. The I-66 Express Lanes Inside the Beltway (ITB) are VDOT-operated and are dynamically tolled, meaning the toll changes every 6 minutes depending on traffic density inside the express lanes (<nowiki>https://www.vdot.virginia.gov/projects/major-projects/66expresslanes/</nowiki>). Toll revenue is reinvested in public transit and other transportation improvements in the area. Express lanes often promote transit use by constructing park-and-ride facilities and allowing transit vehicles to use the express lanes for free. There are currently express lanes on several highways across Northern Virginia, mainly I-66, I-495, I-95, and I-395. Many of these have also received TIFIA loans to reduce upfront costs and finance these projects.<ref>{{Cite web |title=I-95 HOV / Hot Lanes Configure |url=https://www.transportation.gov/buildamerica/projects/i-95-hov-hot-lanes-configure |website=Build America Bureau}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Transform 66 - Outside the Beltway |url=https://www.transportation.gov/buildamerica/projects/transform-66-outside-beltway |website=Build America Bureau}}</ref> In 2023, the region received $148,516,742 from TIFIA loans.<ref name=":11" /> In previous years (2019-2024), the District of Columbia also received $294.72 million from Grant Anticipation Revenue Vehicles (GARVEE) bonds. These bonds are used to advance the upfront funding of a project.<ref>{{Cite web |title=FHWA - Center for Innovative Finance Support - Project Finance - Federal Debt Financing Tools |url=https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/ipd/finance/tools_programs/federal_debt_financing/garvees/ |access-date=2024-09-26 |website=www.fhwa.dot.gov}}</ref> In the case of Washington D.C., GARVEE bonds were used to pay for part of the South Capitol Street Corridor project (<nowiki>https://www.mwcog.org/documents/2020/03/18/fy-2021-2024-transportation-improvement-program/</nowiki>). ==== Key Findings ==== The agencies responsible for developing the Washington Metropolitan Area, home to 6.64 million people, use diverse funding sources and innovative financing mechanisms to address transportation challenges. The region is set to receive approximately $11.9 billion between 2023 and 2026 for over 300 projects. This is a slight decrease from the previous TIP (2019-2024), which allocated around $15 billion for transportation projects. However, it must be noted that the previous TIP covered more years. Key investment areas include roadways and bridges, transit, and bicycle and pedestrian infrastructure. The capital region TPB ensures collaboration between Virginia, Maryland, and the District of Columbia to improve the region’s transportation network and ensure compliance with federal standards. Federal program funding will support surface transportation and transit, with a focus on air quality, climate change, and maintaining existing infrastructure. Regionally, WMATA oversees the management of the region’s extensive transit network, but it does not have a dedicated funding source that it controls, underscoring the importance of cooperation between states. Maryland, Virginia, and the District of Columbia each have their own transportation plans and departments that oversee their individual challenges and progress. The District of Columbia’s Capital Improvement Plan must be approved by the U.S. Congress, which adds a layer of complexity not found in other MPOs. Aside from their individual responsibilities, all three work together to enhance transit and surface transportation coordination. All three utilize innovative financing mechanisms such as TIFIA loans and AC to prioritize important projects and reduce upfront costs. === Case Study Comparison === {| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible" |+Table 8 - Federal Funds Dependency Ratios for the National Capital Region and the San Francisco Bay Area !Region !Federal Dependency Ratio (Federal/Total) |- |National Capital Region |48.07% |- |San Francisco Bay Area |18.10% |} Table 8 - Federal Funds Dependency Ratios for the National Capital Region and the San Francisco Bay Area The ratios in the table above represent the average federal funding over four consecutive years—FY2023-2026 for the National Capital Region and FY2025-2028 for the San Francisco Bay Area. Understanding these dependency ratios over time is vital, as a single snapshot may not fully capture the broader trends affecting regional funding. Changes in federal policies, economic conditions, and local initiatives can all impact these ratios. The National Capital Region has a notably higher federal dependency ratio of 48.07% compared to the San Francisco Bay Area’s 18.10%. This may be attributed to its proximity to federal agencies and a high concentration of federal employment, which could influence local economies and infrastructure funding. However, further investigation is needed to fully understand the factors contributing to this disparity, which is currently future research aim for the authors. Conversely, the San Francisco Bay Area, with its lower ratio, reflects a more diversified economic base. While federal funding plays a role, the region appears to rely less on it compared to the National Capital Region. By examining these trends, we can gain deeper insights into the complexities of federal support and its implications for infrastructure and economic development in different regions. == Reading List == === 1. Reports & Government Publications === * Congressional Research Service (CRS) Reports: ** ''Funding and Financing Highways and Public Transportation Under the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (IIJA) (R47573)'' ** ''Public Transportation Infrastructure: Background for the 116th Congress (R45010)'' ** ''Highway Infrastructure: Issues in the 117th Congress (R45516)'' ** ''Public Transportation in the United States: An Overview (R46826)'' ** ''Infrastructure and the Economy – Lida R. Weinstock (R46826, July 1, 2021)'' ** ''Public-Private Partnerships (P3s) in Transportation – William J. Mallet'' ** ''The Transportation Infrastructure Finance and Innovation Act (TIFIA) Program – William J. Mallett'' * ''Funding Federal-Aid Highways – FHWA – Office of Policy and Governmental Affairs'' === 2. Books === * Flyvbjerg, Bent & David Gardner (2023). ''How Big Things Get Done.'' * Tan, Willie (2007). ''Principles of Project and Infrastructure Finance.'' * Taylor, Brian D., Eran A. Morris, & Jeffrey R. Brown (2023). ''The Drive for Dollars.'' * ''Too Big to Fall: America’s Failing Infrastructure and the Way Forward'' * Walter, Ingo (2016). ''The Infrastructure Finance Challenge.'' * Weber, B., Straub-Bisang, M., & Alfen, H.W. (2016). ''Infrastructure as an Asset Class.'' * Gatti, Stefano. ''Project Finance in Theory and Practice.'' * Yescombe, E.R. (2013). ''Principles of Project Finance.'' * Estache, Antonio (2010). ''Infrastructure Finance in Developing Countries: An Overview.'' === 3. Academic Articles & Journal Papers === * Banister, David & Yossi Berechman (2001). ''“Transport Investment and the Promotion of Economic Growth.”'' ''Journal of Transport Geography, 9(3): 209-218.'' * Downs, Thomas M. (2005). ''“Is There a Future for the Federal Surface Transportation Program?”'' ''Journal of Transportation Engineering, 131(6): 393-396.'' * Wachs, Martin (2003). ''“Local Option Transportation Taxes: Devolution as Revolution.”'' ''ACCESS Magazine, 1(22).'' * Välilä, T. (2020). ''“Infrastructure and Growth: A Survey of Macro-Econometric Research.”'' ''Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, 53: 39-49.'' * Välilä, T. (2020). ''“An Overview of Economic Theory and Evidence of Public-Private Partnerships in the Procurement of (Transport) Infrastructure.”'' ''Utilities Policy, 62.'' * Lukmann, Andrew T. (2009). ''“Unintended Effects of Federal Transportation Policy: A Look at the Lifecycle Costs of the Interstate System.”'' PhD Dissertation, MIT. * Antos, Justin David. (2007). ''“Paying for Public Transportation: The Optimal, the Actual, and the Possible.”'' PhD Dissertation, MIT. === 4. Book Chapters === * Taylor, Brian D. ''“The Geography of Urban Transportation Finance”'' in Hanson, Susan & Giuliano, Genevieve (eds.). ''The Geography of Urban Transportation.'' Guilford Press, 2004. * Chapter 9 (Section 9.3) in Meyer, Michael & Eric Miller. ''Urban Transportation Planning.'' McGraw-Hill, 2000. === 5. Supplementary Readings & Reports === * ''A Risk-Management Approach to a Successful Infrastructure Project'' (McKinsey Report) * ''OECD (2016) Green Investment Banks: Scaling Up Private Investment in Low-Carbon, Climate-Resilient Infrastructure'' * ''UBS (Annual) Q-Series: Global Infrastructure and Utilities (Index)'' * ''EIB Papers (European Investment Bank) on Infrastructure Investment Risks & Returns'' * ''C40 Infrastructure Interdependencies and Cascading Climate Impacts Study'' == References == <references /> {{BookCat}} tc73ubraxcpfncrcasi4sd29chza3b9 A-level Chemistry/WJEC/Module 3/Kinetics 0 475059 4679341 4624478 2026-10-31T18:48:58Z Ewen 19329 /* Order and rate equations */ 4679341 wikitext text/x-wiki == Order and rate equations == Reaction rates are investigated by running several series of experiments. In each series just one of the reactants is varied so that we may observe its effect on the rate of reaction. [[File:Orders of reaction.png|thumb|500px|centre|Effect of concentration on reaction rate showing different orders of reaction]] ''Above: Increasing the concentration of reactant has three typical ways of affecting the reaction rate. The most common is '''first order''' where rate and concentration are directly proportional. A '''second order''' relationship is where the rate is proportional to the square of the concentration. A '''zero order''' relationship is where the rate is not affected by the concentration. Logically, the zero-order pattern does not extend to very low reactant concentrations.'' For any one reactant the change in the rate of the reaction is categorised as: *Zero order **Any increase in the concentration of the reactant has no effect on the rate of the reaction. [[File:Michaelis_Menten_curve_2.svg|thumb|centre|400px|In Biology, it is well-known that for many enzyme-catalysed reactions, the rate is proportional to the reactant ("substrate") concentration at low concentrations, but reaches a maximum rate at high concentrations. A chemist would say the reaction is first-order at low concentrations but zero-order at high concentrations.]] Here are typical results showing first and second order kinetics: {| border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=5 class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;margin:0 auto 0 auto;" ! Run !! Initial concentration of A !! Initial concentration of B !! Initial rate /mol dm<sup>-3</sup> s<sup>-1</sup> |- ! First | 0.01 || 0.02 || 0.08 |- ! Second | 0.01 || 0.04 || 0.16 |- ! Third | 0.02 || 0.02 || 0.32 |} *First order **The rate of reaction increases in direct proportion to the increased concentration of the reactant. This can be observed by comparing runs 1 and 2. The concentration of A remains constant whilst the concentration of B is doubled (x2). Consequently the rate of the reaction is doubled from 0.08 to 0.16. We would say that this reaction is first order with respect to B. *Second order **The rate of the reaction increases in proportion to the square of the concentration change. This can be observed by comparing runs 1 and 3. The concentration of B remains constant whilst the concentration of A is doubled. Consequently the rate of the reaction is quadrupled (x4) from 0.08 to 0.32. This reaction is second order with respect to A. Rate equations can only be determined by experiment. ====Integrated rate equations==== Instead of plotting rate against concentration, we can plot concentration against time. This shows different patterns for the three orders of reaction. First order kinetics result in an exponential concentration-time curve with a constant half-life. This is the same mathematics as radioactive decay. Second order kinetics result in a "geometrical" concentration-time curve with very fast initial reaction. This is not a curve you need to know. Zero-order kinetics result in a straight line. If the line continued it would predict negative concentrations, so logically the zero-order line has to become a first-order curve as it approaches low reactant concentrations. ===Constructing Rate Equations=== Rate equations allow us to predict the rate of a reaction under different conditions. They take the form {{center|1=Rate, ''v'' = ''k''[A]<sup>''m<small>a</small>''</sup>[B]<sup>''m<small>b</small>''</sup> ...etc.}} Where :*[A] is the concentration of reactant A (in mol dm<sup>-3</sup>) and ''m<sub>a</sub>'' is the order of reaction with respect to A :*[B] is the concentration of reactant B (in mol dm<sup>-3</sup>) and ''m<sub>b</sub>'' is the order of reaction with respect to B :* ''k'' is the Rate Constant. This depends on the reaction itself - how inherently fast it is - temperature, and any catalysts. The rate equation can be rearranged in the normal manner to find any one of the required variables. At A level chemistry this is often finding ''k'' given data like above. The overall order of the reaction, ''m'' is the sum of the indexes ''m<sub>a</sub>'' + ''m<sub>b</sub>'' ..etc. In the example above, the rate is first order in B and second order in A: {{center|''v'' = ''k''[A]<sup>2</sup>[B]}} To find ''k'', we rearrange the formula and substitute a set of values from the table: {{center|''k'' = ''v''/([A]<sup>2</sup>[B])<br>''k'' = 0.32 /(0.2<sup>2</sup> x 0.2)<br>''k'' = 40}} The units for ''k'' vary according to the reaction order. {{center|''k'' = 0.32 mol dm<sup>-3</sup> s<sup>-1</sup> / ((0.2 mol dm<sup>-3</sup>)<sup>2</sup> x 0.2 mol dm<sup>-3</sup>)<br>''k'' = 0.32 mol dm<sup>-3</sup> s<sup>-1</sup> / 0.008 mol<sup>3</sup> dm<sup>-9</sup><br>''k'' = 40 mol<sup>-2</sup> dm<sup>6</sup> s<sup>-1</sup>}} == Arrhenius Equation == The Arrhenius equation determines a rate coefficient based on temperature and activation energy. It is surprisingly accurate and very useful. The Arrhenius equation is: {{center|1=''k'' = ''A''e<sup>''-E<small>a</small>''/''RT''</sup>}} ''E''<sub>a</sub> is the activation energy for the reaction, in joules per mole. ''R'' is the Universal Gas Constant, ''T'' is the absolute temperature (in kelvin), and ''A'' is the ''pre-exponential factor''. ''A'' is usually determined experimentally. A very useful alternative way to write the equation is by taking natural logarithms of both sides: {{center|1= ln(''k'') = ln(''A'') - ''E''<sub>a</sub>/''RT''}} This form of the equation can be used to plot experimental data. If ''k'' is measured at several temperatures, we can plot a graph of ln(''k'') on the y-axis and 1/''T'' on the x-axis. This gives a gradient of -''E''<sub>a</sub>/''R''. In other words, we can calculate ''E''<sub>a</sub> because ''E''<sub>a</sub> = -''R'' x gradient. [[File:Arrhenius plot with break in y-axis to show intercept.svg|thumb|centre|500px|Plot of ln(''k'') on the y-axis and 1/''T'' on the x-axis. The gradient can be used to calculate ''E''<sub>a</sub> and the intercept is ln(''A'').]] ''Above: The gradient of the plot is -12650 K. ''E''<sub>a</sub> = -''R'' x gradient = -8.31 J mol<sup>-1</sup> K<sup>-1</sup> x -12650 K = 105 122 J mol<sup>-1</sup> = 105 kJ mol<sup>-1</sup>'' The basic equation can be rearranged to find ''A'': {{center|1=''k'' = ''A''e<sup>''-E<small>a</small>''/''RT''</sup>}} {{center|1=''A'' = ''k''e<sup>''+E<small>a</small>''/''RT''</sup>}} The logarithmic equation can be used to find ''T'' or ''E''<sub>a</sub>: {{center|1= ''E''<sub>a</sub> = ''RT''ln(''A''/''k'')}} {{center|1= ''T'' = ''E''<sub>a</sub>/[''R''ln(''A''/''k'')]}} It is probably best to check that you can derive these versions of the formula, and derive them if you ever need them. Learning them is likely to be a waste of time - only one version, if any, will ever be needed in your exams. {{BookCat}} l4uelsxvtq3bse6ww3pxt870m66s2b5 4679342 4679341 2026-10-31T18:50:39Z Ewen 19329 /* Order and rate equations */ 4679342 wikitext text/x-wiki == Order and rate equations == Reaction rates are investigated by running several series of experiments. In each series just one of the reactants is varied so that we may observe its effect on the rate of reaction. [[File:Orders of reaction.png|thumb|500px|centre|Effect of concentration on reaction rate showing different orders of reaction]] ''Above: Increasing the concentration of reactant has three typical ways of affecting the reaction rate. The most common is '''first order''' where rate and concentration are directly proportional. A '''second order''' relationship is where the rate is proportional to the square of the concentration. A '''zero order''' relationship is where the rate is not affected by the concentration. Logically, the zero-order pattern does not extend to very low reactant concentrations.'' For any one reactant the change in the rate of the reaction is categorised as: *Zero order **Any increase in the concentration of the reactant has no effect on the rate of the reaction. [[File:Michaelis_Menten_curve_2.svg|thumb|centre|400px|In Biology, it is well-known that for many enzyme-catalysed reactions, the rate is proportional to the reactant ("substrate") concentration at low concentrations, but reaches a maximum rate at high concentrations. A chemist would say the reaction is first-order at low concentrations but zero-order at high concentrations.]] Here are typical results showing first and second order kinetics: {| border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=5 class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;margin:0 auto 0 auto;" ! Run !! Initial concentration of A !! Initial concentration of B !! Initial rate /mol dm<sup>-3</sup> s<sup>-1</sup> |- ! First | 0.01 || 0.02 || 0.08 |- ! Second | 0.01 || 0.04 || 0.16 |- ! Third | 0.02 || 0.02 || 0.32 |} *First order **The rate of reaction increases in direct proportion to the increased concentration of the reactant. This can be observed by comparing runs 1 and 2. The concentration of A remains constant whilst the concentration of B is doubled (x2). Consequently the rate of the reaction is doubled from 0.08 to 0.16. We would say that this reaction is first order with respect to B. *Second order **The rate of the reaction increases in proportion to the square of the concentration change. This can be observed by comparing runs 1 and 3. The concentration of B remains constant whilst the concentration of A is doubled. Consequently the rate of the reaction is quadrupled (x4) from 0.08 to 0.32. This reaction is second order with respect to A. Rate equations can only be determined by experiment. ====Integrated rate equations==== Instead of plotting rate against concentration, we can plot concentration against time. This shows different patterns for the three orders of reaction. First order kinetics result in an exponential concentration-time curve with a constant half-life. This is the same mathematics as radioactive decay. Second order kinetics result in a "geometrical" concentration-time curve with very fast initial reaction. This is not a curve you need to know. Zero-order kinetics result in a straight line. If the line continued it would predict negative concentrations, so logically the zero-order line has to become a first-order curve as it approaches low reactant concentrations. ===Constructing Rate Equations=== Rate equations allow us to predict the rate of a reaction under different conditions. They take the form {{center|1=Rate, ''v'' = ''k''[A]<sup>''m<small>a</small>''</sup>[B]<sup>''m<small>b</small>''</sup> ...etc.}} Where :*[A] is the concentration of reactant A (in mol dm<sup>-3</sup>) and ''m<sub>a</sub>'' is the order of reaction with respect to A :*[B] is the concentration of reactant B (in mol dm<sup>-3</sup>) and ''m<sub>b</sub>'' is the order of reaction with respect to B :* ''k'' is the Rate Constant. This depends on the reaction itself - how inherently fast it is - temperature, and any catalysts. The rate equation can be rearranged in the normal manner to find any one of the required variables. At A level chemistry this is often finding ''k'' given data like above. The overall order of the reaction, ''m'' is the sum of the indexes ''m<sub>a</sub>'' + ''m<sub>b</sub>'' ..etc. In the example above, the rate is first order in B and second order in A: {{center|''v'' = ''k''[A]<sup>2</sup>[B]}} To find ''k'', we rearrange the formula and substitute a set of values from the table: {{center|''k'' = ''v''/([A]<sup>2</sup>[B])}} {{center|''k'' = 0.32 /(0.2<sup>2</sup> x 0.2)}} {{center|''k'' = 40}} The units for ''k'' vary according to the reaction order. {{center|''k'' = 0.32 mol dm<sup>-3</sup> s<sup>-1</sup> / ((0.2 mol dm<sup>-3</sup>)<sup>2</sup> x 0.2 mol dm<sup>-3</sup>)}} {{center|''k'' = 0.32 mol dm<sup>-3</sup> s<sup>-1</sup> / 0.008 mol<sup>3</sup> dm<sup>-9</sup>}} {{center|''k'' = 40 mol<sup>-2</sup> dm<sup>6</sup> s<sup>-1</sup>}} == Arrhenius Equation == The Arrhenius equation determines a rate coefficient based on temperature and activation energy. It is surprisingly accurate and very useful. The Arrhenius equation is: {{center|1=''k'' = ''A''e<sup>''-E<small>a</small>''/''RT''</sup>}} ''E''<sub>a</sub> is the activation energy for the reaction, in joules per mole. ''R'' is the Universal Gas Constant, ''T'' is the absolute temperature (in kelvin), and ''A'' is the ''pre-exponential factor''. ''A'' is usually determined experimentally. A very useful alternative way to write the equation is by taking natural logarithms of both sides: {{center|1= ln(''k'') = ln(''A'') - ''E''<sub>a</sub>/''RT''}} This form of the equation can be used to plot experimental data. If ''k'' is measured at several temperatures, we can plot a graph of ln(''k'') on the y-axis and 1/''T'' on the x-axis. This gives a gradient of -''E''<sub>a</sub>/''R''. In other words, we can calculate ''E''<sub>a</sub> because ''E''<sub>a</sub> = -''R'' x gradient. [[File:Arrhenius plot with break in y-axis to show intercept.svg|thumb|centre|500px|Plot of ln(''k'') on the y-axis and 1/''T'' on the x-axis. The gradient can be used to calculate ''E''<sub>a</sub> and the intercept is ln(''A'').]] ''Above: The gradient of the plot is -12650 K. ''E''<sub>a</sub> = -''R'' x gradient = -8.31 J mol<sup>-1</sup> K<sup>-1</sup> x -12650 K = 105 122 J mol<sup>-1</sup> = 105 kJ mol<sup>-1</sup>'' The basic equation can be rearranged to find ''A'': {{center|1=''k'' = ''A''e<sup>''-E<small>a</small>''/''RT''</sup>}} {{center|1=''A'' = ''k''e<sup>''+E<small>a</small>''/''RT''</sup>}} The logarithmic equation can be used to find ''T'' or ''E''<sub>a</sub>: {{center|1= ''E''<sub>a</sub> = ''RT''ln(''A''/''k'')}} {{center|1= ''T'' = ''E''<sub>a</sub>/[''R''ln(''A''/''k'')]}} It is probably best to check that you can derive these versions of the formula, and derive them if you ever need them. Learning them is likely to be a waste of time - only one version, if any, will ever be needed in your exams. {{BookCat}} 6sp0rk2kquacglfedpkjo1di390xdfu 4679343 4679342 2026-10-31T18:51:46Z Ewen 19329 4679343 wikitext text/x-wiki == Order and rate equations == Reaction rates are investigated by running several series of experiments. In each series just one of the reactants is varied so that we may observe its effect on the rate of reaction. [[File:Orders of reaction.png|thumb|500px|centre|Effect of concentration on reaction rate showing different orders of reaction]] ''Above: Increasing the concentration of reactant has three typical ways of affecting the reaction rate. The most common is '''first order''' where rate and concentration are directly proportional. A '''second order''' relationship is where the rate is proportional to the square of the concentration. A '''zero order''' relationship is where the rate is not affected by the concentration. Logically, the zero-order pattern does not extend to very low reactant concentrations.'' For any one reactant the change in the rate of the reaction is categorised as: *Zero order **Any increase in the concentration of the reactant has no effect on the rate of the reaction. [[File:Michaelis_Menten_curve_2.svg|thumb|centre|400px|In Biology, it is well-known that for many enzyme-catalysed reactions, the rate is proportional to the reactant ("substrate") concentration at low concentrations, but reaches a maximum rate at high concentrations. A chemist would say the reaction is first-order at low concentrations but zero-order at high concentrations.]] Here are typical results showing first and second order kinetics: {| border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=5 class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;margin:0 auto 0 auto;" ! Run !! Initial concentration of A !! Initial concentration of B !! Initial rate /mol dm<sup>-3</sup> s<sup>-1</sup> |- ! First | 0.01 || 0.02 || 0.08 |- ! Second | 0.01 || 0.04 || 0.16 |- ! Third | 0.02 || 0.02 || 0.32 |} *First order **The rate of reaction increases in direct proportion to the increased concentration of the reactant. This can be observed by comparing runs 1 and 2. The concentration of A remains constant whilst the concentration of B is doubled (x2). Consequently the rate of the reaction is doubled from 0.08 to 0.16. We would say that this reaction is first order with respect to B. *Second order **The rate of the reaction increases in proportion to the square of the concentration change. This can be observed by comparing runs 1 and 3. The concentration of B remains constant whilst the concentration of A is doubled. Consequently the rate of the reaction is quadrupled (x4) from 0.08 to 0.32. This reaction is second order with respect to A. Rate equations can only be determined by experiment. ====Integrated rate equations==== Instead of plotting rate against concentration, we can plot concentration against time. This shows different patterns for the three orders of reaction. First order kinetics result in an exponential concentration-time curve with a constant half-life. This is the same mathematics as radioactive decay. Second order kinetics result in a "geometrical" concentration-time curve with very fast initial reaction. This is not a curve you need to know. Zero-order kinetics result in a straight line. If the line continued it would predict negative concentrations, so logically the zero-order line has to become a first-order curve as it approaches low reactant concentrations. ===Constructing Rate Equations=== Rate equations allow us to predict the rate of a reaction under different conditions. They take the form {{center|1=Rate, ''v'' = ''k''[A]<sup>''m<small>a</small>''</sup>[B]<sup>''m<small>b</small>''</sup> ...etc.}} Where :*[A] is the concentration of reactant A (in mol dm<sup>-3</sup>) and ''m<sub>a</sub>'' is the order of reaction with respect to A :*[B] is the concentration of reactant B (in mol dm<sup>-3</sup>) and ''m<sub>b</sub>'' is the order of reaction with respect to B :* ''k'' is the Rate Constant. This depends on the reaction itself - how inherently fast it is - temperature, and any catalysts. The rate equation can be rearranged in the normal manner to find any one of the required variables. At A level chemistry this is often finding ''k'' given data like above. The overall order of the reaction, ''m'' is the sum of the indexes ''m<sub>a</sub>'' + ''m<sub>b</sub>'' ..etc. In the example above, the rate is first order in B and second order in A: {{center|''v'' = ''k''[A]<sup>2</sup>[B]}} To find ''k'', we rearrange the formula and substitute a set of values from the table: {{center|1=''k'' = ''v''/([A]<sup>2</sup>[B])}} {{center|1=''k'' = 0.32 /(0.2<sup>2</sup> x 0.2)}} {{center|1=''k'' = 40|2=''k'' = 40}} The units for ''k'' vary according to the reaction order. {{center|1=''k'' = 0.32 mol dm<sup>-3</sup> s<sup>-1</sup> / ((0.2 mol dm<sup>-3</sup>)<sup>2</sup> x 0.2 mol dm<sup>-3</sup>)}} {{center|1=''k'' = 0.32 mol dm<sup>-3</sup> s<sup>-1</sup> / 0.008 mol<sup>3</sup> dm<sup>-9</sup>}} {{center|1=''k'' = 40 mol<sup>-2</sup> dm<sup>6</sup> s<sup>-1</sup>}} == Arrhenius Equation == The Arrhenius equation determines a rate coefficient based on temperature and activation energy. It is surprisingly accurate and very useful. The Arrhenius equation is: {{center|1=''k'' = ''A''e<sup>''-E<small>a</small>''/''RT''</sup>}} ''E''<sub>a</sub> is the activation energy for the reaction, in joules per mole. ''R'' is the Universal Gas Constant, ''T'' is the absolute temperature (in kelvin), and ''A'' is the ''pre-exponential factor''. ''A'' is usually determined experimentally. A very useful alternative way to write the equation is by taking natural logarithms of both sides: {{center|1= ln(''k'') = ln(''A'') - ''E''<sub>a</sub>/''RT''}} This form of the equation can be used to plot experimental data. If ''k'' is measured at several temperatures, we can plot a graph of ln(''k'') on the y-axis and 1/''T'' on the x-axis. This gives a gradient of -''E''<sub>a</sub>/''R''. In other words, we can calculate ''E''<sub>a</sub> because ''E''<sub>a</sub> = -''R'' x gradient. [[File:Arrhenius plot with break in y-axis to show intercept.svg|thumb|centre|500px|Plot of ln(''k'') on the y-axis and 1/''T'' on the x-axis. The gradient can be used to calculate ''E''<sub>a</sub> and the intercept is ln(''A'').]] ''Above: The gradient of the plot is -12650 K. ''E''<sub>a</sub> = -''R'' x gradient = -8.31 J mol<sup>-1</sup> K<sup>-1</sup> x -12650 K = 105 122 J mol<sup>-1</sup> = 105 kJ mol<sup>-1</sup>'' The basic equation can be rearranged to find ''A'': {{center|1=''k'' = ''A''e<sup>''-E<small>a</small>''/''RT''</sup>}} {{center|1=''A'' = ''k''e<sup>''+E<small>a</small>''/''RT''</sup>}} The logarithmic equation can be used to find ''T'' or ''E''<sub>a</sub>: {{center|1= ''E''<sub>a</sub> = ''RT''ln(''A''/''k'')}} {{center|1= ''T'' = ''E''<sub>a</sub>/[''R''ln(''A''/''k'')]}} It is probably best to check that you can derive these versions of the formula, and derive them if you ever need them. Learning them is likely to be a waste of time - only one version, if any, will ever be needed in your exams. {{BookCat}} pxcfnnhu3xepuee45ca2x16m41yy5am 4679344 4679343 2026-10-31T18:52:34Z Ewen 19329 /* Constructing Rate Equations */ 4679344 wikitext text/x-wiki == Order and rate equations == Reaction rates are investigated by running several series of experiments. In each series just one of the reactants is varied so that we may observe its effect on the rate of reaction. [[File:Orders of reaction.png|thumb|500px|centre|Effect of concentration on reaction rate showing different orders of reaction]] ''Above: Increasing the concentration of reactant has three typical ways of affecting the reaction rate. The most common is '''first order''' where rate and concentration are directly proportional. A '''second order''' relationship is where the rate is proportional to the square of the concentration. A '''zero order''' relationship is where the rate is not affected by the concentration. Logically, the zero-order pattern does not extend to very low reactant concentrations.'' For any one reactant the change in the rate of the reaction is categorised as: *Zero order **Any increase in the concentration of the reactant has no effect on the rate of the reaction. [[File:Michaelis_Menten_curve_2.svg|thumb|centre|400px|In Biology, it is well-known that for many enzyme-catalysed reactions, the rate is proportional to the reactant ("substrate") concentration at low concentrations, but reaches a maximum rate at high concentrations. A chemist would say the reaction is first-order at low concentrations but zero-order at high concentrations.]] Here are typical results showing first and second order kinetics: {| border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=5 class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;margin:0 auto 0 auto;" ! Run !! Initial concentration of A !! Initial concentration of B !! Initial rate /mol dm<sup>-3</sup> s<sup>-1</sup> |- ! First | 0.01 || 0.02 || 0.08 |- ! Second | 0.01 || 0.04 || 0.16 |- ! Third | 0.02 || 0.02 || 0.32 |} *First order **The rate of reaction increases in direct proportion to the increased concentration of the reactant. This can be observed by comparing runs 1 and 2. The concentration of A remains constant whilst the concentration of B is doubled (x2). Consequently the rate of the reaction is doubled from 0.08 to 0.16. We would say that this reaction is first order with respect to B. *Second order **The rate of the reaction increases in proportion to the square of the concentration change. This can be observed by comparing runs 1 and 3. The concentration of B remains constant whilst the concentration of A is doubled. Consequently the rate of the reaction is quadrupled (x4) from 0.08 to 0.32. This reaction is second order with respect to A. Rate equations can only be determined by experiment. ====Integrated rate equations==== Instead of plotting rate against concentration, we can plot concentration against time. This shows different patterns for the three orders of reaction. First order kinetics result in an exponential concentration-time curve with a constant half-life. This is the same mathematics as radioactive decay. Second order kinetics result in a "geometrical" concentration-time curve with very fast initial reaction. This is not a curve you need to know. Zero-order kinetics result in a straight line. If the line continued it would predict negative concentrations, so logically the zero-order line has to become a first-order curve as it approaches low reactant concentrations. ===Constructing Rate Equations=== Rate equations allow us to predict the rate of a reaction under different conditions. They take the form {{center|1=Rate, ''v'' = ''k''[A]<sup>''m<small>a</small>''</sup>[B]<sup>''m<small>b</small>''</sup> ...etc.}} Where :*[A] is the concentration of reactant A (in mol dm<sup>-3</sup>) and ''m<sub>a</sub>'' is the order of reaction with respect to A :*[B] is the concentration of reactant B (in mol dm<sup>-3</sup>) and ''m<sub>b</sub>'' is the order of reaction with respect to B :* ''k'' is the Rate Constant. This depends on the reaction itself - how inherently fast it is - temperature, and any catalysts. The rate equation can be rearranged in the normal manner to find any one of the required variables. At A level chemistry this is often finding ''k'' given data like above. The overall order of the reaction, ''m'' is the sum of the indexes ''m<sub>a</sub>'' + ''m<sub>b</sub>'' ..etc. In the example above, the rate is first order in B and second order in A: {{center|1=''v'' = ''k''[A]<sup>2</sup>[B]}} To find ''k'', we rearrange the formula and substitute a set of values from the table: {{center|1=''k'' = ''v''/([A]<sup>2</sup>[B])}} {{center|1=''k'' = 0.32 /(0.2<sup>2</sup> x 0.2)}} {{center|1=''k'' = 40}} The units for ''k'' vary according to the reaction order. {{center|1=''k'' = 0.32 mol dm<sup>-3</sup> s<sup>-1</sup> / ((0.2 mol dm<sup>-3</sup>)<sup>2</sup> x 0.2 mol dm<sup>-3</sup>)}} {{center|1=''k'' = 0.32 mol dm<sup>-3</sup> s<sup>-1</sup> / 0.008 mol<sup>3</sup> dm<sup>-9</sup>}} {{center|1=''k'' = 40 mol<sup>-2</sup> dm<sup>6</sup> s<sup>-1</sup>}} == Arrhenius Equation == The Arrhenius equation determines a rate coefficient based on temperature and activation energy. It is surprisingly accurate and very useful. The Arrhenius equation is: {{center|1=''k'' = ''A''e<sup>''-E<small>a</small>''/''RT''</sup>}} ''E''<sub>a</sub> is the activation energy for the reaction, in joules per mole. ''R'' is the Universal Gas Constant, ''T'' is the absolute temperature (in kelvin), and ''A'' is the ''pre-exponential factor''. ''A'' is usually determined experimentally. A very useful alternative way to write the equation is by taking natural logarithms of both sides: {{center|1= ln(''k'') = ln(''A'') - ''E''<sub>a</sub>/''RT''}} This form of the equation can be used to plot experimental data. If ''k'' is measured at several temperatures, we can plot a graph of ln(''k'') on the y-axis and 1/''T'' on the x-axis. This gives a gradient of -''E''<sub>a</sub>/''R''. In other words, we can calculate ''E''<sub>a</sub> because ''E''<sub>a</sub> = -''R'' x gradient. [[File:Arrhenius plot with break in y-axis to show intercept.svg|thumb|centre|500px|Plot of ln(''k'') on the y-axis and 1/''T'' on the x-axis. The gradient can be used to calculate ''E''<sub>a</sub> and the intercept is ln(''A'').]] ''Above: The gradient of the plot is -12650 K. ''E''<sub>a</sub> = -''R'' x gradient = -8.31 J mol<sup>-1</sup> K<sup>-1</sup> x -12650 K = 105 122 J mol<sup>-1</sup> = 105 kJ mol<sup>-1</sup>'' The basic equation can be rearranged to find ''A'': {{center|1=''k'' = ''A''e<sup>''-E<small>a</small>''/''RT''</sup>}} {{center|1=''A'' = ''k''e<sup>''+E<small>a</small>''/''RT''</sup>}} The logarithmic equation can be used to find ''T'' or ''E''<sub>a</sub>: {{center|1= ''E''<sub>a</sub> = ''RT''ln(''A''/''k'')}} {{center|1= ''T'' = ''E''<sub>a</sub>/[''R''ln(''A''/''k'')]}} It is probably best to check that you can derive these versions of the formula, and derive them if you ever need them. Learning them is likely to be a waste of time - only one version, if any, will ever be needed in your exams. {{BookCat}} pws4kyfiokynasf2mmw8w8ytprep8k3 OpenSCAD User Manual/Named Objects 0 476387 4679383 4529080 2026-11-01T01:42:00Z Ótzï fón Glühgor 3629863 source: https://github.com/openscad/openscad/pull/7101 4679383 wikitext text/x-wiki Part of the section on [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/General|Language Reference]] ==Names<span class="anchor" id="openscad_names"></span><span class="anchor" id="valid_names"></span>== Named objects in OpenSCAD include Variables, Functions, and Modules. To be valid, a name: * must begin with a character permitted by Unicode Standard Annex #31, or with an underscore ('_') or dollar sign ('$') * may continue with Unicode identifier characters, digits, and underscores * is automatically normalized to Unicode NFC * may not contain punctuation or other characters outside the permitted Unicode identifier set For example, names such as <code>länge</code>, <code>höhe</code>, and <code>größe</code> are valid. A dollar sign at the beginning is used for special variables. {{NOTE|Names beginning with a numeric digit were accepted by older versions of OpenSCAD but are deprecated. They should not be used, especially because they may conflict with hexadecimal constants.}} The OpenSCAD convention on multi word names is to use the underscore to delimit them, as <code>this_is_a_name</code> ==Variables<span class="anchor" id="var"></span> == Named variables are created when they appear as the Left Hand Side of an assignment statement and will be given the value of the Right Hand Side expression. result = <calculate something>; Variables should normally be defined only once in a program as when the program runs the variable will have the ''last'' value assigned to it. The location of a variable definition determines where it can be used, thus it has "scope", a concept [[w:Scope_(computer_science)|discussed fully in the literature]], with only a few issues germane to functional programming and OpenSCAD in particular needing to be covered in the following section. == Scope of Variables == Names defined outside of any block created by a brace pair "{}" are in the name space of the "top level" of the program and are considered to be global in scope. They are "visible" throughout the program but may not be given a new value inside a block: <syntaxhighlight lang="javascript"> a = 10; module use_a_1() echo(a); module use_a_2() { echo(a); a=8; // note (1) } echo(a=a); // ECHO: a = 10 global "a" use_a_1(); // ECHO: 10 global "a" is visible inside the module use_a_2(); // ECHO: 8 // this is local "a", not global echo(b=a); // ECHO: b = 10 unchanged by use_a_2() </syntaxhighlight> {{NOTE|(1) the assignment of 8 to the local instance of "a" happens at compile time so in the ''local'' scope of <code>use_a_2()</code> that is its run time value. }} ===Anonymous Scopes Do Not Create Local Scopes=== Variables defined outside an anonymous block are visible inside, and vice versa, but an assignment of a new value to a ''global'' variable is not "converted" to be "local" to it: a = 10; // global { b=34; echo(a); // global visible here a=12; // this is Line 4 } echo(a,b); // b is really in global space with these results <syntaxhighlight lang="javascript"> WARNING: "a" was assigned on line 1 of "OpenSCAD (Nightly)" but was overwritten in file "OpenSCAD (Nightly)", line 4 ... ECHO: 12 ECHO: 12, 34 </syntaxhighlight> The ''last'' assignment compiled is its run time value. ===Local Variables=== Variables for temporary use may be defined inside a flow of control statement using the <code><s>assign()</s></code> or <code>let()</code> statements, or, in a block "{}" attached to one, by assignment. This also applies to blocks created by module and function definitions, and by operator modules. Such variables are called "local" because they are not visible outside the local block. When a block has blocks defined inside it they form an "inner scope" and may be nested to any depth. However blocks at a particular level of scope are completely independent. Locals defined in one inner scope are not visible in any other scope of the same level. Prior to '''version 2015.03''' there were only two "levels" where variables could be defined by assignment; the global, and the top-level of a module definition. Temporary variables needed inside a module had to be created using the <code><s>assign()</s></code> statement. ===Variations on Local Scope: Let()=== <syntaxhighlight lang="javascript"> a = 10; q=5; if( a==10 ) // using global "a" echo(q); else echo(q+2); // ECHO: 7 </syntaxhighlight> The global "q" is used in the local scope of the <code>if()</code>. Each part of an FoC statement can have local variables for temporarily holding expression results using the [[OpenSCAD User Manual/Let Statement|let statement]]: <syntaxhighlight lang="javascript"> a=10; s=5; if( a==10 ) let( r=3 ) // imagine "3" is an expression echo( st=s+r); // Echo: st=8 else let( r=20, u=2 ) echo( sf=s+r+u); </syntaxhighlight> Any number of comma separated variable assignments may be written inside the parentheses of the let, and they really are local: <syntaxhighlight lang="javascript"> a=10; s2=5; if( a==10 ) let( r1=3 ) echo(s2t=s2+r2); // r2 not visible else let( r2=6 ) // r2 local in 'else' echo(s2f=s2+2+r1); </syntaxhighlight> results in these warnings: <syntaxhighlight lang="javascript"> WARNING: Ignoring unknown variable "r2" in file scope-issues.scad, line 41 WARNING: undefined operation (number + undefined) in file scope-issues.scad, line 41 ECHO: s2t = undef </syntaxhighlight> ===Variations on Local Scope: Blocks "{}"=== As mentioned above, when an FoC statement is expanded to be a block by braces, "{}", local variables may be defined by assignment: <syntaxhighlight lang="javascript"> a=10; // [0:15] /* [Hidden] */ t=5; if( a==10 ) { r=3; // local to 'true' part echo( tt=t+r); a = 13; // local "a" in 'true' } else { r=20; // only in 'else' part echo( tf=t+2+r); a = 13; // also local, but in 'else' } echo( after=a); </syntaxhighlight> resulting in: <syntaxhighlight lang="javascript"> ECHO: tt = 8 ECHO: after = 10 </syntaxhighlight> ===Variations on Local Scope: Functions=== As mentioned above, functions and modules also define local scopes. In this code a ternary "?:" conditional statement is used to satisfy the requirement that a function be a single statement: <syntaxhighlight lang="javascript"> a=10; // [0:15] /* [Hidden] */ function testlocal( condition ) = let( r=3 ) condition==10 ? let( r=5, tt=a+r ) tt : let( r=20, tf=a+2+r) tf ; t=5; echo( testlocal( a ) ); //ECHO: 15 when a==10, else 32 </syntaxhighlight> A module definition shows us how local variables assignment works in blocks: <syntaxhighlight lang="javascript"> a=10; // [0:15] /* [Hidden] */ module testlocal( condition ) { r=3; // local in 'testlocal' if( condition==10 ) { r=5; echo( tt=a+r ); a = 50; } else { r=20; tf=a+2+r; echo( tf ); a=40; } } t=5; echo( a ); // ECHO: 10 // unaffected global testlocal( a ); </syntaxhighlight> The value for "a" may be adjusted in the Customizer to see how the calculation result changes to follow the selection of which local scope will be used. ===Variations on Local Scope: Operator Modules=== As mentioned above, any operator module call may use a block to affect a number of objects: <syntaxhighlight lang="javascript"> a = 10; // "a" is global echo( e1=a,b); //ECHO: 10, undef translate([5,0,0]) // Open a local scope { a= 100; b= 16; // create b echo( e2=a,b) //ECHO: 100, 16 color("blue") { // level 2 inner scope echo( e3=a,b)//ECHO: 100, 20 cube(); b=20; // last assign in L2 scope c="in color"; } echo( e4=a,b); //ECHO: 100, 16 again d="in transl"; } // back at global scope echo( e5=a,b,c,d); //ECHO: 6, undef, undef, undef color("red") { // a 2nd, different, local scope cube(); echo( e6=a,b,c,d); //ECHO 6, undef, undef, undef } // back at global scope echo( e7=a,b); //ECHO: 6, undef </syntaxhighlight> ==Special Variables== Special variables are an alternate means of passing values into modules and functions. Starting a variable name with a dollar sign ('$') makes it special. These variables operate by [https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/dsa/static-and-dynamic-scoping/ dynamic scoping] which is [https://stackoverflow.com/questions/22394089/static-lexical-scoping-vs-dynamic-scoping-pseudocode nicely illustrated in a StackOverflow post]. Dynamic Scoping: With dynamic scope, a global identifier is a pointer to the top of a stack of instances of that identifier associated with its most recent environment. Said another way, each identifier has a global stack of bindings and the occurrence of an identifier, and thus the value it holds at a particular moment of run-time, is taken from the most recent binding. In simpler terms, in dynamic scoping, the compiler first searches the current block and then successively all the calling functions, not according to their syntactic nesting, but according to the order they were called in as the program executes. Special variables may be accessed from anywhere in the program, enabling greater flexibility in variable scoping. Advantages: * greater flexibility as variables may be accessed from any part of the program. * easier to write code that is reusable, because variables can be accessed from anywhere. * make it easier to debug recursive functions or complex control flow. * allows code to be more easily adapted to changing requirements Disadvantages: * Understanding the scope of variables is harder because it is determined at runtime. * It can lead to slower execution due to the additional look-ups needed at runtime. * It can be more error-prone because variables can be accessed from unexpected places. <syntaxhighlight lang="java"> $special=1; normal=1; module a(){ echo($special, normal); } a(); let ($special=2, normal=2) a(); a(); </syntaxhighlight> which outputs: ECHO: 1, 1 ECHO: 2, 1 ECHO: 1, 1 The results show that let($special=2, normal=2) set set $special in a local space in which a call to a() had been compiled. It also defined a new, local variable called "normal" that was not used. That call to s() used the global value for "normal", one, Several special variables are already defined by OpenSCAD. ===Curve Smoothness: $fa, $fs, and $fn === The $fa, $fs values OR the $fn value are used to calculate how many facets to use in sub-dividing a curved line or surface into line segments or polygons respectively. When $fn is greater than zero, $fs and $fa are not used. {{NOTE|while the three specials may be floating point values the calculation of the number of fragments always results in an integer value. }} There is a complete section on [[User:VulcanWikiEdit/sandbox/Rendering#Curve_Smoothness:_$fa,_$fs,_and_$fn/Rendering/Curve_Smoothness|Curvature Smoothness on the Rendering page]] showing how these three variables may be used. ===Animation Using the $t Special Variable <span class="anchor" id=".24t"></span>=== This variable, when animation is active, is applied to all <code>rotate()</code> and <code>translate()</code> modules, $t*360 giving complete cycles. The value of $t will repeat from 0 through (1 - 1/''Steps''). It never reaches 1 because this would produce a "hitch" in the animation if using it for rotation -- two consecutive frames would be at the same angle. There is no variable to distinguish between the cases of animation running at the first frame ($t=0) and animation not running, so make $t=0 your rest position for the model. <gallery> Spring 100x20 in OpenSCAD.gif|thumb|Simple harmonic motion, 20 FPS, 100 steps Animated gears 17T and 31T.gif|thumb|Animated gears 17T and 31T </gallery> [[OpenSCAD User Manual/Examples_Animation|Examples of Animation Scripts]] ===Viewport: $vpr, $vpt, $vpf and $vpd=== These contain the current viewport rotation and translation and camera distance - at the time of doing the rendering. Moving the viewport does not update them. During an animation they are updated for each frame. ;$vpr : rotation ;$vpt :translation (i.e. won't be affected by rotate and zoom) ;$vpf :the FOV (Field of View) of the view {{requires|2021.01}} ;$vpd :the camera distance {{requires|2015.03}} All four variables may be modified but at only at the top-level of the main file. Changing these values by assignment in included files does not work {{requires|2015.03}} There are menu items that place the value of the selected variable on the clipboard so that it can then be used in the script, typically to animate the camera view. Use the menu <code>Edit > Copy Viewport *</code>, The use of these variables is covered in [[User:VulcanWikiEdit/sandbox/Rendering#Viewport:_$vpr,_$vpt,_$vpf_and_$vpd|a bit more depth in the Rendering page]]. === Rendering Mode: $preview {{anchor|$preview}}=== {{requires|2019.05}} This variable makes the rendering option visible in a script. In OpenCSG preview (F5) $preview is false, while in render mode (F6) it will be true. The script can then selectively omit details in the preview that will decorate the finished part in the final, slower rendering. When OpenSCAD is run from the command line $preview is only <code>true</code> when generating a PNG image with OpenCSG. When generating STL, DXF and SVG files with CGAL, or CSG and ECHO files $preview will be <code>false</code>. This behavior can be overridden by <code>-D\$preview</code> on the command line. The full story of the [[User:VulcanWikiEdit/sandbox/Rendering#Rendering_Mode:_$preview|$preview variable is told on the Rendering Page]] ==Functions== ==Modules== ==Objects== {{BookCat}} rqhbrlxrl755l53pm6lj65nl1tqoj7n A-level Chemistry/WJEC/Module 3/Enthalpy 0 476921 4679409 4529544 2026-11-01T07:21:34Z Ewen 19329 4679409 wikitext text/x-wiki == Definitions == ''Recall:'' === Ionisation energy, ''E''<sub>i</sub> === The enthalpy of a reaction which removes 1 electron from each atom in 1 mole of gaseous atoms. Example: The first ionisation energy of chlorine: Cl(g) → Cl<sup>+</sup>(g) + e<sup>-</sup> ''E''<sub>i</sub> = +1251 kJ mol<sup>-1</sup> === (Average) Bond Enthalpy, ''E''<sub>d</sub> === The enthalpy of a reaction which breaks 1 mole of a certain type of covalent bond by homolytic fission, under standard conditions. Example: Breaking 1 mole of Cl-Cl bonds: Cl<sub>2</sub>(g) → 2 Cl(g) ''E''<sub>d</sub> = 243 kJ mol<sup>-1</sup> Except for bonds which form diatomic molecules, multiple molecules can contain the same type of bond. For example, only Cl<sub>2</sub> has a Cl-Cl bond, but the C-Cl bond is present in a very wide range of compounds (CH<sub>3</sub>Cl, CCl<sub>4</sub>, CH<sub>3</sub>CCl<sub>3</sub>, etc). For most covalent bonds, we can look up the average bond enthalpy to find an estimate of the strength of the bond in a specific compound. ''New definitions:'' === Electron affinity, ''E''<sub>ea</sub> === The enthalpy of a reaction which adds 1 electron to each atom in 1 mole of gaseous atoms. Example: The first electron affinity of oxygen: O(g) + e<sup>-</sup> → O<sup>-</sup>(g) ''E''<sub>ea</sub>(1) = -141 kJ mol<sup>-1</sup> The second electron affinity of oxygen: O<sup>-</sup>(g) + e<sup>-</sup> → O<sup>2-</sup>(g) ''E''<sub>ea</sub>(2) = +744 kJ mol<sup>-1</sup> A point about ''E''<sub>ea</sub>: Adding an electron to a cloud of electrons is not expected to be exothermic, but the first electron affinity of an element '''is''' often exothermic as the electron completes some part of the outer shell configuration. Each following electron affinity is increasingly endothermic. === Enthalpy of atomisation: Δ<sub>at</sub>''H''<sup><s>o</s></sup> === The enthalpy of a reaction which forms 1 mole of gaseous atoms of an element, under standard conditions. For the diatomic gases, Δ<sub>at</sub>''H''<sup><s>o</s></sup> is half the bond enthalpy, ''E''<sub>d</sub>. Example: Breaking 1 mole of Cl-Cl bonds: Cl<sub>2</sub>(g) → 2 Cl(g) ''E''<sub>d</sub> = 243 kJ mol<sup>-1</sup> Making 1 mole of Cl atoms: ½ Cl<sub>2</sub>(g) → Cl(g) Δ<sub>at</sub>''H''<sup><s>o</s></sup> = 121.5 kJ mol<sup>-1</sup> === Enthalpy of solution: Δ<sub>sol</sub>''H''<sup><s>o</s></sup> === The enthalpy of a reaction in which 1 mole of a substance forms a dilute aqueous solution, under standard conditions. NaCl(s) → NaCl(aq) Δ<sub>sol</sub>''H''<sup><s>o</s></sup>(NaCl) = +17 kJ mol<sup>-1</sup> === Enthalpy of hydration: Δ<sub>hyd</sub>''H''<sup><s>o</s></sup> === The enthalpy of a reaction in which 1 mole of gaseous ions/atoms/molecules forms a dilute aqueous solution, under standard conditions. Na<sup>+</sup>(g) → Na<sup>+</sup>(aq) Δ<sub>hyd</sub>''H''<sup><s>o</s></sup>(Na<sup>+</sup>) = -406 kJ mol<sup>-1</sup> === Lattice enthalpy: Δ<sub>latt</sub>''H''<sup><s>o</s></sup> === The enthalpy of a reaction in which 1 mole of an ionic solid is formed from its constituent ions, which were in a gaseous state, under standard conditions. Na<sup>+</sup>(g) + Cl<sup>-</sup>(g) → NaCl(s) Δ<sub>latt</sub>''H''<sup><s>o</s></sup>(NaCl) = -787 kJ mol<sup>-1</sup> === Solubility of Ionic Compounds === For an ionic compound to dissolve, the lattice must break and the ions become hydrated. Δ<sub>sol</sub>''H''<sup><s>o</s></sup> = Σ (Δ<sub>hyd</sub>''H''<sup><s>o</s></sup>) - Δ<sub>latt</sub>''H''<sup><s>o</s></sup> In English: the solution enthalpy is the sum of the hydration enthalpies of the ions, minus the lattice enthalpy of the compound. For CaCl<sub>2</sub>: : Δ<sub>hyd</sub>''H''<sup><s>o</s></sup>(Ca<sup>2+</sup>) = -1650 kJ mol<sup>-1</sup> : Δ<sub>hyd</sub>''H''<sup><s>o</s></sup>(Cl<sup>-</sup>) = -364 kJ mol<sup>-1</sup> : Δ<sub>latt</sub>''H''<sup><s>o</s></sup>(CaCl<sub>2</sub>) = -2258 kJ mol<sup>-1</sup> Δ<sub>sol</sub>''H''<sup><s>o</s></sup>(CaCl<sub>2</sub>) = -1650 - 2 x 364 - (-2258) = -120 kJ mol<sup>-1</sup> We can safely say that CaCl<sub>2</sub> dissolves in water, with an exothermic release of heat. However, for NaCl: : Δ<sub>hyd</sub>''H''<sup><s>o</s></sup>(Na<sup>+</sup>) = -406 kJ mol<sup>-1</sup> : Δ<sub>hyd</sub>''H''<sup><s>o</s></sup>(Cl<sup>-</sup>) = -364 kJ mol<sup>-1</sup> : Δ<sub>latt</sub>''H''<sup><s>o</s></sup>(NaCl) = -787 kJ mol<sup>-1</sup> Δ<sub>sol</sub>''H''<sup><s>o</s></sup>(NaCl) = -406 - 364 - (-787) = +17 kJ mol<sup>-1</sup> This is a low, and also endothermic Δ<sub>sol</sub>''H''<sup><s>o</s></sup> value. We know NaCl dissolves in water, but it does not seem to be very enthusiastic about the process! What tips the balance here is the increase in '''entropy''' caused by the regular crystal lattice dispersing into the solution. Many ionic substances dissolve endothermically like this. {{BookCat}} hcyuxz97p7xtje3nzzxjhd8o2aaaqvy 4679410 4679409 2026-11-01T07:22:29Z Ewen 19329 4679410 wikitext text/x-wiki == Definitions == ''Recall:'' === Ionisation energy, ''E''<sub>i</sub> === The enthalpy of a reaction which removes 1 electron from each atom in 1 mole of gaseous atoms. Example: The first ionisation energy of chlorine: {{centre|1=Cl(g) → Cl<sup>+</sup>(g) + e<sup>-</sup> ''E''<sub>i</sub> = +1251 kJ mol<sup>-1</sup>}} === (Average) Bond Enthalpy, ''E''<sub>d</sub> === The enthalpy of a reaction which breaks 1 mole of a certain type of covalent bond by homolytic fission, under standard conditions. Example: Breaking 1 mole of Cl-Cl bonds: Cl<sub>2</sub>(g) → 2 Cl(g) ''E''<sub>d</sub> = 243 kJ mol<sup>-1</sup> Except for bonds which form diatomic molecules, multiple molecules can contain the same type of bond. For example, only Cl<sub>2</sub> has a Cl-Cl bond, but the C-Cl bond is present in a very wide range of compounds (CH<sub>3</sub>Cl, CCl<sub>4</sub>, CH<sub>3</sub>CCl<sub>3</sub>, etc). For most covalent bonds, we can look up the average bond enthalpy to find an estimate of the strength of the bond in a specific compound. ''New definitions:'' === Electron affinity, ''E''<sub>ea</sub> === The enthalpy of a reaction which adds 1 electron to each atom in 1 mole of gaseous atoms. Example: The first electron affinity of oxygen: O(g) + e<sup>-</sup> → O<sup>-</sup>(g) ''E''<sub>ea</sub>(1) = -141 kJ mol<sup>-1</sup> The second electron affinity of oxygen: O<sup>-</sup>(g) + e<sup>-</sup> → O<sup>2-</sup>(g) ''E''<sub>ea</sub>(2) = +744 kJ mol<sup>-1</sup> A point about ''E''<sub>ea</sub>: Adding an electron to a cloud of electrons is not expected to be exothermic, but the first electron affinity of an element '''is''' often exothermic as the electron completes some part of the outer shell configuration. Each following electron affinity is increasingly endothermic. === Enthalpy of atomisation: Δ<sub>at</sub>''H''<sup><s>o</s></sup> === The enthalpy of a reaction which forms 1 mole of gaseous atoms of an element, under standard conditions. For the diatomic gases, Δ<sub>at</sub>''H''<sup><s>o</s></sup> is half the bond enthalpy, ''E''<sub>d</sub>. Example: Breaking 1 mole of Cl-Cl bonds: Cl<sub>2</sub>(g) → 2 Cl(g) ''E''<sub>d</sub> = 243 kJ mol<sup>-1</sup> Making 1 mole of Cl atoms: ½ Cl<sub>2</sub>(g) → Cl(g) Δ<sub>at</sub>''H''<sup><s>o</s></sup> = 121.5 kJ mol<sup>-1</sup> === Enthalpy of solution: Δ<sub>sol</sub>''H''<sup><s>o</s></sup> === The enthalpy of a reaction in which 1 mole of a substance forms a dilute aqueous solution, under standard conditions. NaCl(s) → NaCl(aq) Δ<sub>sol</sub>''H''<sup><s>o</s></sup>(NaCl) = +17 kJ mol<sup>-1</sup> === Enthalpy of hydration: Δ<sub>hyd</sub>''H''<sup><s>o</s></sup> === The enthalpy of a reaction in which 1 mole of gaseous ions/atoms/molecules forms a dilute aqueous solution, under standard conditions. Na<sup>+</sup>(g) → Na<sup>+</sup>(aq) Δ<sub>hyd</sub>''H''<sup><s>o</s></sup>(Na<sup>+</sup>) = -406 kJ mol<sup>-1</sup> === Lattice enthalpy: Δ<sub>latt</sub>''H''<sup><s>o</s></sup> === The enthalpy of a reaction in which 1 mole of an ionic solid is formed from its constituent ions, which were in a gaseous state, under standard conditions. Na<sup>+</sup>(g) + Cl<sup>-</sup>(g) → NaCl(s) Δ<sub>latt</sub>''H''<sup><s>o</s></sup>(NaCl) = -787 kJ mol<sup>-1</sup> === Solubility of Ionic Compounds === For an ionic compound to dissolve, the lattice must break and the ions become hydrated. Δ<sub>sol</sub>''H''<sup><s>o</s></sup> = Σ (Δ<sub>hyd</sub>''H''<sup><s>o</s></sup>) - Δ<sub>latt</sub>''H''<sup><s>o</s></sup> In English: the solution enthalpy is the sum of the hydration enthalpies of the ions, minus the lattice enthalpy of the compound. For CaCl<sub>2</sub>: : Δ<sub>hyd</sub>''H''<sup><s>o</s></sup>(Ca<sup>2+</sup>) = -1650 kJ mol<sup>-1</sup> : Δ<sub>hyd</sub>''H''<sup><s>o</s></sup>(Cl<sup>-</sup>) = -364 kJ mol<sup>-1</sup> : Δ<sub>latt</sub>''H''<sup><s>o</s></sup>(CaCl<sub>2</sub>) = -2258 kJ mol<sup>-1</sup> Δ<sub>sol</sub>''H''<sup><s>o</s></sup>(CaCl<sub>2</sub>) = -1650 - 2 x 364 - (-2258) = -120 kJ mol<sup>-1</sup> We can safely say that CaCl<sub>2</sub> dissolves in water, with an exothermic release of heat. However, for NaCl: : Δ<sub>hyd</sub>''H''<sup><s>o</s></sup>(Na<sup>+</sup>) = -406 kJ mol<sup>-1</sup> : Δ<sub>hyd</sub>''H''<sup><s>o</s></sup>(Cl<sup>-</sup>) = -364 kJ mol<sup>-1</sup> : Δ<sub>latt</sub>''H''<sup><s>o</s></sup>(NaCl) = -787 kJ mol<sup>-1</sup> Δ<sub>sol</sub>''H''<sup><s>o</s></sup>(NaCl) = -406 - 364 - (-787) = +17 kJ mol<sup>-1</sup> This is a low, and also endothermic Δ<sub>sol</sub>''H''<sup><s>o</s></sup> value. We know NaCl dissolves in water, but it does not seem to be very enthusiastic about the process! What tips the balance here is the increase in '''entropy''' caused by the regular crystal lattice dispersing into the solution. Many ionic substances dissolve endothermically like this. {{BookCat}} 3dokegxa64jl6folu8oz7ot4s1laa39 4679411 4679410 2026-11-01T07:28:07Z Ewen 19329 /* Ionisation energy, Ei */ 4679411 wikitext text/x-wiki == Definitions == ''Recall:'' === Ionisation energy, ''E''<sub>i</sub> === The enthalpy of a reaction which removes 1 electron from each atom in 1 mole of gaseous atoms. Example: The first ionisation energy of chlorine: {{centre|1=Cl(g) → Cl<sup>+</sup>(g) + e<sup>-</sup>{{spaces|5}}''E''<sub>i</sub> = +1251 kJ mol<sup>-1</sup>}} === (Average) Bond Enthalpy, ''E''<sub>d</sub> === The enthalpy of a reaction which breaks 1 mole of a certain type of covalent bond by homolytic fission, under standard conditions. Example: Breaking 1 mole of Cl-Cl bonds: Cl<sub>2</sub>(g) → 2 Cl(g) ''E''<sub>d</sub> = 243 kJ mol<sup>-1</sup> Except for bonds which form diatomic molecules, multiple molecules can contain the same type of bond. For example, only Cl<sub>2</sub> has a Cl-Cl bond, but the C-Cl bond is present in a very wide range of compounds (CH<sub>3</sub>Cl, CCl<sub>4</sub>, CH<sub>3</sub>CCl<sub>3</sub>, etc). For most covalent bonds, we can look up the average bond enthalpy to find an estimate of the strength of the bond in a specific compound. ''New definitions:'' === Electron affinity, ''E''<sub>ea</sub> === The enthalpy of a reaction which adds 1 electron to each atom in 1 mole of gaseous atoms. Example: The first electron affinity of oxygen: O(g) + e<sup>-</sup> → O<sup>-</sup>(g) ''E''<sub>ea</sub>(1) = -141 kJ mol<sup>-1</sup> The second electron affinity of oxygen: O<sup>-</sup>(g) + e<sup>-</sup> → O<sup>2-</sup>(g) ''E''<sub>ea</sub>(2) = +744 kJ mol<sup>-1</sup> A point about ''E''<sub>ea</sub>: Adding an electron to a cloud of electrons is not expected to be exothermic, but the first electron affinity of an element '''is''' often exothermic as the electron completes some part of the outer shell configuration. Each following electron affinity is increasingly endothermic. === Enthalpy of atomisation: Δ<sub>at</sub>''H''<sup><s>o</s></sup> === The enthalpy of a reaction which forms 1 mole of gaseous atoms of an element, under standard conditions. For the diatomic gases, Δ<sub>at</sub>''H''<sup><s>o</s></sup> is half the bond enthalpy, ''E''<sub>d</sub>. Example: Breaking 1 mole of Cl-Cl bonds: Cl<sub>2</sub>(g) → 2 Cl(g) ''E''<sub>d</sub> = 243 kJ mol<sup>-1</sup> Making 1 mole of Cl atoms: ½ Cl<sub>2</sub>(g) → Cl(g) Δ<sub>at</sub>''H''<sup><s>o</s></sup> = 121.5 kJ mol<sup>-1</sup> === Enthalpy of solution: Δ<sub>sol</sub>''H''<sup><s>o</s></sup> === The enthalpy of a reaction in which 1 mole of a substance forms a dilute aqueous solution, under standard conditions. NaCl(s) → NaCl(aq) Δ<sub>sol</sub>''H''<sup><s>o</s></sup>(NaCl) = +17 kJ mol<sup>-1</sup> === Enthalpy of hydration: Δ<sub>hyd</sub>''H''<sup><s>o</s></sup> === The enthalpy of a reaction in which 1 mole of gaseous ions/atoms/molecules forms a dilute aqueous solution, under standard conditions. Na<sup>+</sup>(g) → Na<sup>+</sup>(aq) Δ<sub>hyd</sub>''H''<sup><s>o</s></sup>(Na<sup>+</sup>) = -406 kJ mol<sup>-1</sup> === Lattice enthalpy: Δ<sub>latt</sub>''H''<sup><s>o</s></sup> === The enthalpy of a reaction in which 1 mole of an ionic solid is formed from its constituent ions, which were in a gaseous state, under standard conditions. Na<sup>+</sup>(g) + Cl<sup>-</sup>(g) → NaCl(s) Δ<sub>latt</sub>''H''<sup><s>o</s></sup>(NaCl) = -787 kJ mol<sup>-1</sup> === Solubility of Ionic Compounds === For an ionic compound to dissolve, the lattice must break and the ions become hydrated. Δ<sub>sol</sub>''H''<sup><s>o</s></sup> = Σ (Δ<sub>hyd</sub>''H''<sup><s>o</s></sup>) - Δ<sub>latt</sub>''H''<sup><s>o</s></sup> In English: the solution enthalpy is the sum of the hydration enthalpies of the ions, minus the lattice enthalpy of the compound. For CaCl<sub>2</sub>: : Δ<sub>hyd</sub>''H''<sup><s>o</s></sup>(Ca<sup>2+</sup>) = -1650 kJ mol<sup>-1</sup> : Δ<sub>hyd</sub>''H''<sup><s>o</s></sup>(Cl<sup>-</sup>) = -364 kJ mol<sup>-1</sup> : Δ<sub>latt</sub>''H''<sup><s>o</s></sup>(CaCl<sub>2</sub>) = -2258 kJ mol<sup>-1</sup> Δ<sub>sol</sub>''H''<sup><s>o</s></sup>(CaCl<sub>2</sub>) = -1650 - 2 x 364 - (-2258) = -120 kJ mol<sup>-1</sup> We can safely say that CaCl<sub>2</sub> dissolves in water, with an exothermic release of heat. However, for NaCl: : Δ<sub>hyd</sub>''H''<sup><s>o</s></sup>(Na<sup>+</sup>) = -406 kJ mol<sup>-1</sup> : Δ<sub>hyd</sub>''H''<sup><s>o</s></sup>(Cl<sup>-</sup>) = -364 kJ mol<sup>-1</sup> : Δ<sub>latt</sub>''H''<sup><s>o</s></sup>(NaCl) = -787 kJ mol<sup>-1</sup> Δ<sub>sol</sub>''H''<sup><s>o</s></sup>(NaCl) = -406 - 364 - (-787) = +17 kJ mol<sup>-1</sup> This is a low, and also endothermic Δ<sub>sol</sub>''H''<sup><s>o</s></sup> value. We know NaCl dissolves in water, but it does not seem to be very enthusiastic about the process! What tips the balance here is the increase in '''entropy''' caused by the regular crystal lattice dispersing into the solution. Many ionic substances dissolve endothermically like this. {{BookCat}} 3uxcbq36rsu7ttnxttmmkffph5o9jyy 4679412 4679411 2026-11-01T07:31:40Z Ewen 19329 /* Definitions */ 4679412 wikitext text/x-wiki == Definitions == ''Recall:'' === Ionisation energy, ''E''<sub>i</sub> === The enthalpy of a reaction which removes 1 electron from each atom in 1 mole of gaseous atoms. Example: The first ionisation energy of chlorine: {{centre|1=Cl(g) → Cl<sup>+</sup>(g) + e<sup>-</sup>{{spaces|5}}''E''<sub>i</sub> = +1251 kJ mol<sup>-1</sup>}} === (Average) Bond Enthalpy, ''E''<sub>d</sub> === The enthalpy of a reaction which breaks 1 mole of a certain type of covalent bond by homolytic fission, under standard conditions. Example: Breaking 1 mole of Cl-Cl bonds: {{centre|1=Cl<sub>2</sub>(g) → 2 Cl(g){{spaces|5}}''E''<sub>d</sub> = 243 kJ mol<sup>-1</sup>}} Except for bonds which form diatomic molecules, multiple molecules can contain the same type of bond. For example, only Cl<sub>2</sub> has a Cl-Cl bond, but the C-Cl bond is present in a very wide range of compounds (CH<sub>3</sub>Cl, CCl<sub>4</sub>, CH<sub>3</sub>CCl<sub>3</sub>, etc). For most covalent bonds, we can look up the average bond enthalpy to find an estimate of the strength of the bond in a specific compound. ''New definitions:'' === Electron affinity, ''E''<sub>ea</sub> === The enthalpy of a reaction which adds 1 electron to each atom in 1 mole of gaseous atoms. Example: The first electron affinity of oxygen: {{centre|1=O(g) + e<sup>-</sup> → O<sup>-</sup>(g){{spaces|5}}''E''<sub>ea</sub>(1) = -141 kJ mol<sup>-1</sup>}} The second electron affinity of oxygen: {{centre|1=O<sup>-</sup>(g) + e<sup>-</sup> → O<sup>2-</sup>(g){{spaces|5}}''E''<sub>ea</sub>(2) = +744 kJ mol<sup>-1</sup>}} A point about ''E''<sub>ea</sub>: Adding an electron to a cloud of electrons is not expected to be exothermic, but the first electron affinity of an element '''is''' often exothermic as the electron completes some part of the outer shell configuration. Each following electron affinity is increasingly endothermic. === Enthalpy of atomisation: Δ<sub>at</sub>''H''<sup><s>o</s></sup> === The enthalpy of a reaction which forms 1 mole of gaseous atoms of an element, under standard conditions. For the diatomic gases, Δ<sub>at</sub>''H''<sup><s>o</s></sup> is half the bond enthalpy, ''E''<sub>d</sub>. Example: Breaking 1 mole of Cl-Cl bonds: {{centre|1=Cl<sub>2</sub>(g) → 2 Cl(g){{spaces|5}}''E''<sub>d</sub> = 243 kJ mol<sup>-1</sup>}} Making 1 mole of Cl atoms: {{centre|1=½ Cl<sub>2</sub>(g) → Cl(g){{spaces|5}}Δ<sub>at</sub>''H''<sup><s>o</s></sup> = 121.5 kJ mol<sup>-1</sup>}} === Enthalpy of solution: Δ<sub>sol</sub>''H''<sup><s>o</s></sup> === The enthalpy of a reaction in which 1 mole of a substance forms a dilute aqueous solution, under standard conditions. {{centre|1=NaCl(s) → NaCl(aq){{spaces|5}}Δ<sub>sol</sub>''H''<sup><s>o</s></sup>(NaCl) = +17 kJ mol<sup>-1</sup>}} === Enthalpy of hydration: Δ<sub>hyd</sub>''H''<sup><s>o</s></sup> === The enthalpy of a reaction in which 1 mole of gaseous ions/atoms/molecules forms a dilute aqueous solution, under standard conditions. {{centre|1=Na<sup>+</sup>(g) → Na<sup>+</sup>(aq){{spaces|5}}Δ<sub>hyd</sub>''H''<sup><s>o</s></sup>(Na<sup>+</sup>) = -406 kJ mol<sup>-1</sup>}} === Lattice enthalpy: Δ<sub>latt</sub>''H''<sup><s>o</s></sup> === The enthalpy of a reaction in which 1 mole of an ionic solid is formed from its constituent ions, which were in a gaseous state, under standard conditions. {{centre|1=Na<sup>+</sup>(g) + Cl<sup>-</sup>(g) → NaCl(s){{spaces|5}}Δ<sub>latt</sub>''H''<sup><s>o</s></sup>(NaCl) = -787 kJ mol<sup>-1</sup>}} === Solubility of Ionic Compounds === For an ionic compound to dissolve, the lattice must break and the ions become hydrated. Δ<sub>sol</sub>''H''<sup><s>o</s></sup> = Σ (Δ<sub>hyd</sub>''H''<sup><s>o</s></sup>) - Δ<sub>latt</sub>''H''<sup><s>o</s></sup> In English: the solution enthalpy is the sum of the hydration enthalpies of the ions, minus the lattice enthalpy of the compound. For CaCl<sub>2</sub>: : Δ<sub>hyd</sub>''H''<sup><s>o</s></sup>(Ca<sup>2+</sup>) = -1650 kJ mol<sup>-1</sup> : Δ<sub>hyd</sub>''H''<sup><s>o</s></sup>(Cl<sup>-</sup>) = -364 kJ mol<sup>-1</sup> : Δ<sub>latt</sub>''H''<sup><s>o</s></sup>(CaCl<sub>2</sub>) = -2258 kJ mol<sup>-1</sup> Δ<sub>sol</sub>''H''<sup><s>o</s></sup>(CaCl<sub>2</sub>) = -1650 - 2 x 364 - (-2258) = -120 kJ mol<sup>-1</sup> We can safely say that CaCl<sub>2</sub> dissolves in water, with an exothermic release of heat. However, for NaCl: : Δ<sub>hyd</sub>''H''<sup><s>o</s></sup>(Na<sup>+</sup>) = -406 kJ mol<sup>-1</sup> : Δ<sub>hyd</sub>''H''<sup><s>o</s></sup>(Cl<sup>-</sup>) = -364 kJ mol<sup>-1</sup> : Δ<sub>latt</sub>''H''<sup><s>o</s></sup>(NaCl) = -787 kJ mol<sup>-1</sup> Δ<sub>sol</sub>''H''<sup><s>o</s></sup>(NaCl) = -406 - 364 - (-787) = +17 kJ mol<sup>-1</sup> This is a low, and also endothermic Δ<sub>sol</sub>''H''<sup><s>o</s></sup> value. We know NaCl dissolves in water, but it does not seem to be very enthusiastic about the process! What tips the balance here is the increase in '''entropy''' caused by the regular crystal lattice dispersing into the solution. Many ionic substances dissolve endothermically like this. {{BookCat}} cn3ncv8za3t600gdblqe8skflpf3wxw User:Dom walden/Multivariate Analytic Combinatorics/Homology of Critical Points 2 480750 4679423 4678821 2026-11-01T09:26:41Z Dom walden 3209423 /* Thom's isotopy lemma */ 4679423 wikitext text/x-wiki == Introduction == Morse theory tells us that the topology of M only changes at its critical points. The "Morse data" tells us the topology at each critical point. Attaching this Morse data together gives us a space which is homopotically eqivalent to M. This space is a "cell complex", which has an easy to calculate homology. Theorem: Our domain of convergence is homotopic to a cell complex of dimension at most <math display="inline">2n - d - 1</math>.<ref>This is theorem D.23 in Pemantle, Wilson and Melczer 2024, pp. 546. Also theorem in section 1.2*/5.2* in SMT pp. 200.</ref> Proof: # <math display="inline">X</math> is our entire domain, <math display="inline">\mathcal{V}</math> our variety # Project our entire domain to complex projective space <math display="inline">Z = \pi(X) \subset \C\mathbb{P}^n - H</math> [define H] # Define a linear subspace <math display="inline">G \subset \C\mathbb{P}^n</math> of dimension <math display="inline">d - 1</math> # Define a Morse function on <math display="inline">f: \C\mathbb{P}^n \to \R</math> which approximates the distance from <math display="inline">G</math> and such that <math display="inline">f^{-1}(0) = G</math> and <math display="inline">f^{-1}(1) = H</math> # We "build" <math display="inline">X - \mathcal{V}</math> from <math display="inline">\pi^{-1}(G \cap Z) \cap (X - \mathcal{V})</math> by attaching CW complexes at critical points which are of at most dimension <math display="inline">2n - d - 1</math> # At a critical point, the normal Morse data is <math display="inline">(J, K) = \coprod_x (J_x, K_x)</math> and the relative complex link is <math display="inline">\mathcal{L}^\pi = \coprod_x \mathcal{L}_x</math> # We show that the quotient <math display="inline">J_x/K_x</math> is homotopic to a CW complex of dimension <math display="inline">\leq 2n - d - 1</math> # The neighbourhood of <math display="inline">x</math> in <math display="inline">J_x</math> is homeomorphic to the cone in <math display="inline">L_x(X - \mathcal{V})</math>, and removing the point <math display="inline">x</math> increases the homotopy dimension to at most the homotopy dimension of <math display="inline">L_x</math> # <math display="inline">(J_x \cup \{x\}, K_x)</math> is homotopic to <math display="inline">(\text{cone}(\mathcal{L}_x), \mathcal{L}_x)</math> # <math display="inline">\mathcal{L}_x</math> is homotopic to a CW complex of dimension at most <math display="inline">2n - d - 1</math> # The tangential Morse data at the critical point is homotopic to the pair <math display="inline">(D^\lambda, \partial D^\lambda)</math> # Therefore, at each critical point a space has been added homotopic to a CW complex of dimension at most <math display="inline">2n - d - 1</math>. Theorem: If <math display="inline">X</math> is the complement in <math display="inline">\C^n</math> of a complex variety <math display="inline">\mathcal{V}</math> of dimension <math display="inline">d</math> then <math display="inline">X</math> is homotopic to a CW complex of dimension at most <math display="inline">2n - d - 1</math>.<ref>Pemantle, Wilson and Melczer 2024, pp. 546.</ref> Proof: # We build <math display="inline">X</math> by attaching cells of dimension at most <math display="inline">2n - d - 1</math> at each critical point. ## Prove that we can do this without changing the homotopy(?) ## We use Thom's Isotopy Lemma to prove that there is a strong deformation retraction, stopping only at critical points. # Prove these cells are a product of the normal and tangential Morse data. ## Normal data: <math display="inline">(\mathcal{L}(S), \partial \mathcal{L}(S)) \times (D^1, \partial D^1)</math> [GM pp. 18] ## Tangential data: <math display="inline">(B_\delta \cap f^{-1}[v - \epsilon, v + \epsilon], B_\delta \cap f^{-1}(v - \epsilon))</math> for <math display="inline">f</math> restricted to <math display="inline">X</math> (or <math display="inline">\mathcal{V}</math>?) [GM pp. 63-64] # If <math display="inline">k</math> is the dimension of the strata, then ## If <math display="inline">k = d</math> then it is a smooth point and the cell is the product of <math display="inline">S^{2(n-d)-1}</math> and the tangential data is dimension at most <math display="inline">d</math>. ## If <math display="inline">k < d</math>, ... <ref>Pemantle, Wilson and Melczer 2024, pp. 547.</ref> == Example in one dimension == Domain with singularities v_1, v_2, ..., v_i Define our height function f... Start with our entire domain X Reduce from X to X_i+ by using Thom's Isotopy lemma to do a strong deformation retract == Thom's isotopy lemma == We present a modified version of Thom's first isotopy lemma, less general than the original but more obviously relevant to our situation. === Theorem === Suppose <math display="inline">Z</math> is a closed subset of a smooth manifold <math display="inline">M</math> which admits a Whitney stratification and <math display="inline">h : M \to \R</math> is a proper[?] Morse function which has no critical values on <math display="inline">Z</math>. Then, the level sets of <math display="inline">Z</math> are homeomorphic by a homeomorphism that preserves the strata of <math display="inline">Z</math>.<ref>For various versions of the full statement of the theorem, see Mather 2012, pp. 499, Goresky and MacPherson 1988, pp. 41, or Pemantle, Wilson and Melczer 2024, pp. 541.</ref> === Proof === # Construct '''control data''' for <math display="inline">Z</math> compatible with <math display="inline">h</math>. # The control data makes <math display="inline">Z</math> an '''abstract stratified set''' and <math display="inline">h</math> a '''controlled submersion'''. # A controlled submersion has, for any smooth vector field on <math display="inline">\R</math>, a '''controlled vector field''' on <math display="inline">Z</math>. # A controlled vector field has a unique '''one-parameter family of homeomorphisms''' of <math display="inline">Z</math> which commute with <math display="inline">h</math>. # This makes <math display="inline">h</math> a locally trivial fibration. [Prop 10.2]<ref>Mather 2012, pp. 499.</ref> ==== Step 1: Construct control data ==== A system of '''control data''' for <math display="inline">Z</math> consists of, for each stratum <math display="inline">X</math> of <math display="inline">Z</math>, * a '''tubular neighbourhood''' <math display="inline">T_X</math> of <math display="inline">X</math> * a '''tubular projection function''' <math display="inline">\pi_X: T_X \to X</math>, and * a '''tubular distance function''' <math display="inline">\rho_X: T_X \to \R</math> such that <math display="inline">\rho_X^{-1}(0) = X</math><ref>Goresky and MacPherson 1988, pp. 42.</ref> [illustration] such that if <math display="inline">X < Y</math> are strata in <math display="inline">Z</math>, then <math display="block">\pi_X \pi_Y(m) = \pi_X(m),</math> <math display="block">\rho_X \pi_Y(m) = \rho_X(m)</math> for all <math display="inline">m \in |T_X| \cap |T_Y|</math> such that <math display="inline">\pi_Y(m) \in |T_X|</math>. If, for all strata <math display="inline">X</math> and all <math display="inline">m \in |T_X|</math>, we have <math display="inline">h \pi_X(m) = h(m)</math>, then this control data will be said to be compatible with <math display="inline">h</math>.<ref>Mather 2012, pp. 488.</ref> We prove that if <math display="inline">h</math> is smooth on <math display="inline">Z</math> and is a submersion for each strata then there exists a family of control data for <math display="inline">Z</math> compatible with <math display="inline">h</math>.<ref>Mather 2012, pp. 488, prop 7.1.</ref> Let <math display="inline">Z_k</math> be the union of strata of <math display="inline">Z</math> of dimension less than <math display="inline">k</math>. We prove by induction on <math display="inline">k</math>. To construct the tubular neighbourhood <math display="inline">T_X</math> of a stratum <math display="inline">X</math> of dimension less than <math display="inline">k</math>. For <math display="inline">l \leq k</math>, let <math display="inline">U_l</math> denote the union of all <math display="inline">|T_Y|</math> for <math display="inline">Y < X</math> and <math display="inline">\dim Y \geq l</math>. Let <math display="inline">X_l = U_l \cap X</math>.<ref>Mather 2012, pp. 489.</ref> For <math display="inline">l = k</math>, <math display="inline">X_k = \empty</math>. Assume by induction that <math display="inline">T_{l+1}</math> has been constructed and that if <math display="inline">Y < X</math>, <math display="inline">\dim Y \geq l + 1</math>, <math display="inline">m \in |T_{l+1}| \cap |T_Y|</math> and <math display="inline">\pi_{l+1}(m) \in |T_Y|</math> (<math display="inline">\pi_{l+1} = \pi_{T_{l+1}}</math>) then<ref>Mather 2012, pp. 489-490.</ref> <math display="block">\rho_Y \pi_{l+1}(m) = \rho_Y(m),</math> <math display="block">\pi_Y \pi_{l+1}(m) = \pi_Y(m).</math> We wish to construct a tubular neighbourhood <math display="inline">T_{X,Y}</math> of <math display="inline">|T_Y| \cap X</math> whose restriction to <math display="inline">|T_Y| \cap X_{l+1}</math> is isomorphic to the restriction of <math display="inline">T_{l+1}</math> such that if <math display="inline">m \in |T_{X,Y}| \cap |T_Y|</math> and <math display="inline">\pi_{X,Y}(m) \in |T_Y|</math> (<math display="inline">\pi_{X,Y} = \pi_{T_{X,Y}}</math>) then <math display="block">\rho_Y \pi_{X,Y}(m) = \rho_Y(m),</math> <math display="block">\pi_Y \pi_{X,Y}(m) = \pi_Y(m).</math> By shrinking <math display="inline">|T_Y|</math> if necessary, this relation is already satisfied if <math display="inline">m \in |T_{l+1}| \cap |T_Y|</math> and <math display="inline">\pi_{l+1}(m) \in |T_Y|</math> with <math display="inline">T_{l+1}</math> in place of <math display="inline">T_{X,Y}</math> and <math display="inline">\pi_{l+1}</math> in place of <math display="inline">\pi_{X,Y}</math>. By the definition, if <math display="inline">m \in |T_{l+1}|</math> then there exists <math display="inline">Z < X</math> with <math display="inline">\dim Z > l</math>, <math display="inline">m \in |T_Z|</math> and <math display="inline">\pi_{l+1}(m) \in |T_Z|</math>. We have that <math display="inline">\pi_{l+1}(m) \in |T_Y| \cap |T_Z|</math> and therefore <math display="inline">Y < Z</math>. Therefore<ref>Mather 2012, pp. 490.</ref> <math display="block">\rho_Y \pi_{l+1}(m) = \rho_Y \pi_Z \pi_{l+1}(m) = \rho_Y \pi_Z(m) = \rho_Y(m),</math> <math display="block">\pi_Y \pi_{l+1}(m) = \pi_Y \pi_Z \pi_{l+1}(m) = \pi_Y \pi_Z(m) = \pi_Y(m).</math> We can prove that, by shrinking <math display="inline">|T_Y|</math>, <math display="inline">(\rho_Y, \pi_Y): |T_Y| \cap X \to \R \times Y</math> is a submersion [prop 7.3?] and that <math display="inline">T_{X,Y}</math> is compatible with <math display="inline">(\rho_Y, \pi_Y): |T_Y| \cap X_{l+1} \to \R \times Y</math>, i.e. <math display="inline">(\rho_Y, \pi_Y) \pi_{X,Y}(m) = (\rho_Y, \pi_Y)(m)</math>(?). To prove it is a submersion, for the tubular neighbourhood <math display="inline">T = (E, \epsilon, \psi)</math> there exists a smooth positive function <math display="inline">\epsilon'</math> such that <math display="block">(\rho_T, \pi_T): Y \cap |T|_{\epsilon'}^0 \to \R \times X,</math> where <math display="inline">|T|_{\epsilon'}^0 = \psi(B_\epsilon \cap B_{\epsilon'})</math>, is a submersion. If <math display="inline">\Sigma</math> is the set <math display="inline">y \in |T|</math> such that the rank of <math display="block">(\rho_T, \pi_T): T \cap |T| \to \R \times X</math> at <math display="inline">y</math> is less than <math display="inline">\dim(\R \times X)</math>. We need to prove that for any <math display="inline">x \in X</math> there exists a neighbourhood of <math display="inline">x</math> which does not intersect with <math display="inline">\Sigma</math>, i.e. the map is not a submersion in this neighbourhood. It follows from [lemma 7.2] that it is enough to prove for <math display="inline">M = \R^m</math>, <math display="inline">X = \R^{m-c} \times 0_c</math> and <math display="inline">T</math> is the '''standard tubular neighbourhood'''.<ref>Mather 2012, pp. 489.</ref> By standard tubular neighbourhood, we mean the trivial bundle with base <math display="inline">\R^{m-c}</math> and fibre <math display="inline">\R^c</math> where <math display="inline">\pi: \R^m \to \R^{m-c}</math>...<ref>Mather 2012, pp. 488.</ref> For <math display="inline">y \in |T| - \R^{m-c}</math>, the kernal of the differential of <math display="inline">(\pi_T, \rho_T)</math> at <math display="inline">y</math> is the orthogonal complement of <math display="inline">(\R^{m-c} \times 0_c) \oplus \stackrel{\frown}{y \pi_T(y)}</math> in <math display="inline">\R^m</math>. By the Whitney conditions, we have that for <math display="inline">y</math> near <math display="inline">\R^{m-c}</math>, <math display="inline">(\R^{m-c} \times 0_c) \oplus \stackrel{\frown}{y \pi_T(y)}</math> is close to the set of <math display="inline">m - c + 1</math> planes in <math display="inline">m-</math>space to an <math display="inline">m - c + 1</math> plane in <math display="inline">TY_y</math>. Therefore, for <math display="inline">y</math> near enough to <math display="inline">\R^{m-c}</math>, <math display="inline">TY_y</math> is transverse to the kernal of the differential of <math display="inline">(\pi_T, \rho_T)</math> and, therefore, is a submersion when restricted to <math display="inline">Y</math>.<ref>Mather 2012, pp. 489.</ref> To prove that <math display="inline">T_{X,Y}</math> is compatible with <math display="inline">(\rho_Y, \pi_Y): |T_Y| \cap X_{l+1} \to \R \times Y</math>...<ref>Mather 2012, pp. 490.</ref> Therefore, there exists a tubular neighbourhood <math display="inline">T_0</math> of <math display="inline">X_0</math> satisfying <math display="block">\rho_Y \pi_0(m) = \rho_Y(m),</math> <math display="block">\pi_Y \pi_0(m) = \pi_Y(m).</math> From this we can prove that <math display="inline">T_0</math> is compatible with <math display="inline">h</math>. Replacing <math display="inline">T_0</math> with a smaller tubular neighbourhood if necessary we can assume <math display="inline">m \in |T_0|</math> such that for some <math display="inline">Y < X</math>, <math display="inline">m \in |T_Y|</math> and <math display="inline">\pi_0(m) \in |T_Y|</math>, then<ref>Mather 2012, pp. 490.</ref> <math display="block">h \pi_0(m) = h \pi_Y \pi_0(m) = h \pi_Y(m) = h(m).</math> By the generalised tubular neighourhood theorem [prop 7.2?], we can replace <math display="inline">T_0</math> with a tubular neighbourhood <math display="inline">T</math> of <math display="inline">X</math> compatible with <math display="inline">h</math>. This completes the construction of <math display="inline">T_X</math>.<ref>Mather 2012, pp. 491.</ref> ==== Step 2: Abstract stratified set ==== This makes <math display="inline">Z</math> an '''abstract stratified set''' with axioms...<ref>Mather 2012, pp. 491-492.</ref> ==== Step 3: Controlled vector field ==== This also makes <math display="inline">h</math> a '''controlled submersion''' because # <math display="inline">h|X: X \to \R</math> is a smooth submersion on each strata <math display="inline">X</math> of <math display="inline">Z</math>, and # for each stratum <math display="inline">X</math> there is a tubular neighbourhood <math display="inline">T'_X</math> such that <math display="inline">h(v) = h \pi_X(v)</math> for all <math display="inline">v \in T'_X</math>.<ref>Mather 2012, pp. 493.</ref> The core of this is the concept of a '''vector field'''. A vector field is a function which assigns, for each point <math display="inline">p</math> in a space, a '''vector''', which can be represented by an arrow whose tail starts at <math display="inline">p</math>.<ref>Henle 1979, pp. 33.</ref> [picture] Imagine we have a vector field <math display="inline">v(x)</math> defined in a space and draw a line through our space. At each point along this line the vector field assigns a vector. If we move each point in this line along the arrow defined by this vector in the direction of the arrow head. This "flows" the entire line along the vectors. [picture] We define a '''stratified vector field''' <math display="inline">\eta</math> on <math display="inline">Z</math> to be a family of smooth vector fields <math display="inline">\eta_X</math>, one for each strata <math display="inline">X</math> of <math display="inline">Z</math>.<ref>Mather 2012, pp. 493.</ref> We define a '''controlled vector field''' <math display="inline">\eta</math> on <math display="inline">Z</math> to be a stratified vector field such that for any strata <math display="inline">Y</math> there exists a tubular neighbourhood <math display="inline">T'_Y</math> such that for any <math display="inline">X > Y</math> and any <math display="inline">v \in T'_X \cap X</math><ref>Mather 2012, pp. 493.</ref> <math display="block">\eta_X \rho_{Y,X}(v) = 0,</math> <math display="block">(\pi_{Y,X})_* \eta_X(v) = \eta_Y (\pi_{Y,X}(v)).</math> We prove that if <math display="inline">h</math> is a controlled submersion then, for any smooth vector field <math display="inline">\zeta</math> on <math display="inline">\R</math> there is a controlled vector field <math display="inline">\eta</math> on <math display="inline">Z</math> such that <math display="inline">h_* \eta(v) = \zeta(h(v))</math> for all <math display="inline">v \in Z</math>.<ref>Mather 2012, pp. 493.</ref> Proceeding by induction on the maximum dimension of the strata of <math display="inline">Z</math>, we define <math display="inline">Z_k</math> to be the union of strata of <math display="inline">Z</math> of dimension at most <math display="inline">k</math>. The tubular neighbourhood of <math display="inline">Z_k</math> is the intersection of the tubular neighbourhoods of each strata in <math display="inline">Z_k</math> with <math display="inline">Z</math>. The projection and distance functions are the restrictions of the respective functions of <math display="inline">Z</math>. It is trivially true when the maximum dimension of strata in <math display="inline">Z</math> is zero. Assume it is true for <math display="inline">k</math> and construct each <math display="inline">\eta_X</math> separately for each stratum <math display="inline">X</math> of dimension <math display="inline">k + 1</math>. By the assumption that we have controlled vector fields for all strata <math display="inline">Y</math> of dimension at most <math display="inline">k</math>, we have the two control conditions defined above for any <math display="inline">X > Y</math> and that there is a neighbourhood <math display="inline">T^1_Y</math> such that <math display="inline">h(v) = h \pi_Y(v)</math> for <math display="inline">v \in T^1_Y</math>. We want to prove that for all <math display="inline">Y < X</math>, the control conditions are satisfied for all <math display="inline">v \in T^2_Y</math> and that <math display="inline">h_*\eta_X(v) = \zeta(v)</math> for all <math display="inline">v \in X</math>. Take a point <math display="inline">x \in X</math> and define the set <math display="inline">S_v</math> of strata <math display="inline">Y < X</math> such that <math display="inline">v \in T^2_Y</math>. <math display="inline">S_v</math> is totally ordered since if <math display="inline">Y_1</math> and <math display="inline">Y_2</math> are not comparable then <math display="inline">T^2_{Y_1} \cap T^2_{Y_2} = \empty</math>. Therefore, there is a largest member <math display="inline">Y = Y_v</math>. Assume the control conditions hold for <math display="inline">Y = Y_v</math>. Then they hold for all <math display="inline">Y_i \in S_v</math>. For, either <math display="inline">Y_i = Y</math> or <math display="inline">Y_i < Y</math>. In the latter case, <math display="inline">\pi_Y(v) \in T^1_{Y_i}</math> (by the choice of <math display="inline">T^2_Y</math>'s [is this why?]. Then <math display="block">\begin{align} \eta_X(v) \rho_{Y_i,X}(v) &= \eta_X \rho_{Y_i,Y} \pi_{Y,X}(v) \\ &= (\pi_{Y,X})_* \eta_X(v) \rho_{Y_i,Y} \\ &= \eta_Y(\pi_{Y,X}(v)) \rho_{Y_i,Y} \\ &= 0 \end{align}</math> and <math display="block">\begin{align} (\pi_{Y_i,X})_* \eta_X(v) &= (\pi_{Y_i,Y})_* (\pi_{Y,X})_* \eta_X(v) \\ &= (\pi_{Y_i,Y})_* \eta_Y(v) (\pi_{Y,X}) \\ &= \eta_{Y_i}(\pi_{Y_i,Y} \pi_{Y,X}(v)) \\ &= \eta_{Y_i}(\pi_{Y_i,X}(v)) \end{align}</math> and, therefore, condition holds for all <math display="inline">Y_i \in S_v</math>. Also, <math display="block">\begin{align} h_* \eta_X(v) &= (h \circ \pi_{Y,X})_* \eta_X(v) \\ &= h_* \eta_Y (\pi_{Y,X}(v)) \\ &= \zeta(f(v)) \end{align}</math> and, therefore, the conclusion of the theorem holds at <math display="inline">v</math>. This shows we can construct <math display="inline">\eta_X</math> satisfying the control conditions when <math display="inline">S_v</math> is non-empty and satisfying the theorem when <math display="inline">S_v</math> is empty. The set of vectors satisfying these conditions is convex in <math display="inline">TX_v</math>, and so we construct <math display="inline">\eta_X</math> globally via a partition of unity.<ref>Mather 2012, pp. 493-495.</ref> ==== Step 4: One-parameter family of homeomorphisms ==== Finally, we prove that a controlled vector field has a unique one-parameter family of homeomorphisms of <math display="inline">Z</math> which commute with <math display="inline">h</math>.<ref>Mather 2012, this combines Proposition 10.1 and Corollary 10.2 on pp. 496 and 497, respectively.</ref> For each stratum <math display="inline">X</math> of <math display="inline">Z</math>, <math display="inline">\eta_X</math> generates a unique smooth local one-parameter group <math display="inline">(J_X, \alpha_X)</math> of diffeomorphisms of <math display="inline">X</math> (by standard results of differential geometry), such that <math display="inline">\frac{d}{dt} \alpha(t, v)|_{t=0} = \eta_X(v)</math>, <math display="inline">J_X</math> is an open subset of <math display="inline">\R \times Z</math>, ... If we define <math display="inline">(J, \alpha)</math> by <math display="block">J = \bigcup_{X \in S} J_X</math> <math display="block">\alpha = \bigcup_{X \in S} \alpha_X</math> we can prove that this is a local one-parameter family of homeomorphisms.<ref>Mather 2012, pp. 496.</ref> Firstly, it is clear that # <math display="inline">0 \times Z \subseteq J</math> and <math display="inline">\alpha(0, v) = v</math> for all <math display="inline">v \in Z</math>. # If <math display="inline">v \in Z</math> then <math display="inline">J_v = J \cap (\R \times v) \subseteq \R</math> is an open interval <math display="inline">(a_v, b_v)</math>, possibly infinite at one or both ends. # If <math display="inline">v \in Z</math> and <math display="inline">t, s, t + s</math> are in <math display="inline">(a_v, b_v)</math> then <math display="inline">\alpha(t + s, v) = \alpha(t, \alpha(s, v))</math>.<ref>Mather 2012, pp. 495.</ref> Secondly, it is clear that <math display="inline">\eta</math> generates <math display="inline">\alpha</math> because # Each stratum <math display="inline">X</math> of <math display="inline">Z</math> is invariant under <math display="inline">\alpha</math>, i.e. <math display="inline">\alpha[J \cap (\R \times X)] \subseteq X</math>. # For each <math display="inline">v \in Z</math>, the map <math display="inline">t \to \alpha(t, v)</math> of <math display="inline">(a_v, b_v)</math> into the stratum which contains <math display="inline">v</math> is <math display="inline">C^1</math>. # For any <math display="inline">(t, v) \in Z</math>(?) we have <math display="inline">d/dt \alpha(t, v) = \eta(\alpha(t, v))</math>.<ref>Mather 2012, pp. 495.</ref> It is unique because each <math display="inline">(J_X, \alpha_X)</math> is unique. We just need to prove that <math display="inline">J</math> is open, <math display="inline">\alpha</math> is continuous, and for any <math display="inline">v \in Z</math> and any compact set <math display="inline">K \subseteq Z</math> there exists <math display="inline">\epsilon > 0</math> such that <math display="inline">\alpha(t, v) \notin K</math> if <math display="inline">t \in (a_v, a_v + \epsilon) \cup (b_v - \epsilon, b_v)</math>.<ref>Mather 2012, pp. 495.</ref> For the latter-most condition, if it did not hold then there exists...<ref>Mather 2012, pp. 496-497.</ref> We prove there is a homeomorphism <math display="inline">f: Z \to h^{-1}(0) \times \R</math> such that <math display="inline">\pi \circ f = h</math>, where <math display="inline">\pi: h^{-1}(0) \times \R \to \R</math> is projection to the second factor. For the coordinate vector field <math display="inline">\partial</math> on <math display="inline">\R</math>, by [prop 9.1] there is a controlled vector field <math display="inline">\tilde\partial</math> such that <math display="inline">f_* \tilde\partial(v) = \partial(h(v))</math> for <math display="inline">v \in Z</math>. By [prop 10.1], <math display="inline">\tilde\partial</math> generates a local one-parameter group <math display="inline">(J, \alpha)</math> such that <math display="block">h(\alpha(t,v)) = h(v) + t</math> <math display="inline">h</math> is proper and [d] holds, so <math display="inline">J = \R \times Z</math>. If we define <math display="inline">f</math> as <math display="block">f(v) = (\alpha(-t, v), h(v))</math> then <math display="inline">f</math> maps <math display="inline">Z</math> into <math display="inline">h^{-1}(0) \times \R</math> and <math display="inline">\pi \circ f = h</math>. If we define <math display="inline">\bar f: h^{-1}(0) \times \R \to Z</math> as <math display="block">\bar f(v, t) = \alpha(t, v)</math> then <math display="inline">f \bar f = \bar f f = Id</math> and <math display="inline">f</math> is a homeomorphism.<ref>Mather 2012, pp. 497.</ref> == Topology at critical points == Theorem: If there is a critical point <math display="inline">p</math> in the singular variety <math display="inline">\mathcal{V}</math> with critical value <math display="inline">v \in (a, b)</math> then the space <math display="inline">X_{\leq b}</math> is homotopic to<ref>Goresky and MacPherson 1988, pp. 174.</ref> <math display="block">X_{\leq a} \cup [(D^{\lambda+1}, \partial D^{\lambda+1}) \times (\mathcal{L}_X, \partial \mathcal{L}_X)].</math> Proof:<ref>Proof outline comes from Goresky and MacPherson 1988, pp. 174.</ref> # <math display="inline">(X_{\leq b}, X_{\leq a})</math> is homeomorphic to <math display="inline">(X_{\leq v + \epsilon}, X_{\leq v -\epsilon})</math>. We can prove this by "moving wall" or Thom's Isotopy Lemma.<ref>Goresky and MacPherson 1988, pp. 90-91, 120.</ref> # <math display="inline">X_{\leq v + \epsilon}</math> is homeomorphic to <math display="inline">X_{\leq v - \epsilon} \cup (J, K)</math>, where the latter is the local Morse data for <math display="inline">h</math> at <math display="inline">p</math>. We do this by moving the wall...<ref>Goresky and MacPherson 1988, pp. 95-96, 120-121.</ref> # <math display="inline">(J, K)</math> is homeomorphic to <math display="inline">(D^{\lambda+1}, \partial D^{\lambda+1}) \times (\mathcal{L}_X, \partial \mathcal{L}_X)</math> (tangential data, normal data). Again, moving the wall...<ref>Goresky and MacPherson 1988, pp. 65-66, chapter 8, 121.</ref> # The normal Morse data depends only on the differential <math display="inline">df(p)</math>.<ref>Goresky and MacPherson 1988, pp. 93.</ref> # The normal Morse data has the homotopy type of <math display="inline">(\mathcal{L}_X, \partial \mathcal{L}_X)</math>.<ref>Goresky and MacPherson 1988, pp. 169.</ref> === Step 1 === We get this immediately(?) by Thom's Isotopy Lemma. === Step 2 === <ref>Goresky and MacPherson 1988, complex case on pp. 120-121 is extension of real case on pp. 95-96.</ref> Step 1 works because <math display="inline">h</math> is a submersion at each point of the regions we are homeomorphing. This is not the case at critical points. We need some way by which a homeomorphism can pass through a critical point. To prove a homeomorphism between two subsets <math display="inline">A</math> and <math display="inline">B</math> of <math display="inline">Z</math>, we project <math display="inline">Z</math> to some other space <math display="inline">N</math> (in our case <math display="inline">\R^n</math>) using some function <math display="inline">F</math>. We take subsets <math display="inline">Y_0</math> and <math display="inline">Y_1</math> of <math display="inline">N</math> such that <math display="inline">A = Z \cap F^{-1}(Y_0)</math> and <math display="inline">B = Z \cap F^{-1}(Y_1)</math>. We need to prove <math display="inline">Y_0</math> and <math display="inline">Y_1</math> are connected by a one-parameter family of regions <math display="inline">Y_t</math> [explain one-parameter family]. The criterion for such a family to exist is that the '''characteristic covectors''' of <math display="inline">F</math> are all nonzero on each stratum of <math display="inline">Y_t</math>.<ref>Goresky and MacPherson 1988, pp. 70.</ref> At each point <math display="inline">x \in M</math> and <math display="inline">y \in N</math> there are '''tangent spaces''' <math display="inline">T_xM</math> and <math display="inline">T_yN</math>, a vector space whose zero is at the point <math display="inline">x</math> or <math display="inline">y</math> (resp.) [picture of various tangent spaces] In the case the <math display="inline">N = \R</math>, the tangent space <math display="inline">T_x\R</math> is just <math display="inline">\R</math> but whose origin is at <math display="inline">x</math>. [picture of T_x\R] Say <math display="inline">F(x) = y</math>, then the differential of the map <math display="inline">F</math> can be seen as a function whose input is a vector in the tangent space <math display="inline">T_xM</math> and whose output is a vector in the tangent space <math display="inline">T_yM</math>. [If I move this far on the tangent space of M how do I move in the tangent space of N?] [picture] [example for M = \R and N = \R?] A function which takes as input a vector in the tangent space <math display="inline">T_xM</math> (say) and outputs a scalar (usually <math display="inline">\R</math>) is called a '''covector'''. The set of all covectors on <math display="inline">T_xM</math> is called the dual space of <math display="inline">T_xM</math> and is denoted <math display="inline">T^*_xM</math>. There are only a limited number of ways to express a covectors. For example, if our tangent space is two-dimensional then all covectors are of the form <math display="inline">ax + by</math> where <math display="inline">(x, y) \in T_xM</math>. We take our space <math display="inline">M</math> and map it onto <math display="inline">\R^2</math> with the map <math display="inline">F(z) = (r(z), h(z))</math>, where <math display="inline">z \in M</math> and <math display="inline">r</math> is the square of the distance of <math display="inline">z</math> to the critical point <math display="inline">p</math>. [graph of mapping] In this case, the covectors on the tangent space <math display="inline">T_xM</math> are of the form <math display="inline">adf(x) + bdr(x)</math> (in this case <math display="inline">df</math> and <math display="inline">dr</math> are maps to <math display="inline">\R</math>) and on <math display="inline">T_y\R^2</math> are of the form <math display="inline">cu + dv</math> (for <math display="inline">(u, v) \in \R^2</math>). A covector <math display="inline">cu + dv \in T^*_{(u, v)}\R^2</math> is called a '''characteristic covector''' of <math display="inline">F</math> if <math display="inline">F(x) = (u, v)</math> and <math display="inline">cdf(x) + ddr(x) = 0</math> for all vectors in the tangent space of the stratum containing <math display="inline">p</math>.<ref>Goresky and MacPherson 1988, pp. 82.</ref> [explain adf(x) + bdr(x) in terms of this being a function which takes a vector input] [example of where covectors do and do not vanish on a stratified space, pp. 71?] What we want is a homeomorphism in <math display="inline">M</math> between the space <math display="inline">Z_{\leq \epsilon}</math> and <math display="inline">Z_{\leq \epsilon} \cup B</math>, where <math display="inline">B</math> is a small region of the critical point <math display="inline">p</math>. The '''local Morse data''' is <math display="block">((B_\delta \cap Z) \cap f^{-1}[v-\epsilon, v+\epsilon], (B_\delta \cap Z) \cap f^{-1}(v-\epsilon))</math> where <math display="inline">B_\delta</math> is a closed disc in <math display="inline">M</math> of radius <math display="inline">\delta</math>.<ref>Goresky and MacPherson 1988, pp. 63-64.</ref> Observe that this is the pair <math display="inline">(F^{-1}(\text{Box}(\delta, \epsilon)), F^{-1}(\text{Bottom}(\delta, \epsilon)))</math><ref>Goresky and MacPherson 1988, pp. 91.</ref> [explain Box, Bottom, etc.] [picture of the two subspaces of Z in M] We use our map <math display="inline">F</math> to convert these two subspaces to subspaces of <math display="inline">\R^2</math> which are of the form <math display="inline">Y_1 = \{(x,y) \in \R^2 | y \leq \epsilon\}</math> and <math display="inline">Y_0 = \{(x,y) \in \R^2 | y \leq -\epsilon\} \cup \{(x,y) \in \R^2 | x \leq \delta, y \leq \epsilon\}</math>, such that <math display="inline">Z_{\leq \epsilon} = F^{-1}(Y_1)</math> and <math display="inline">Z_{\leq \epsilon} \cup B = F^{-1}(Y_0)</math>.<ref>Goresky and MacPherson 1988, pp. 95-96.</ref> We use a homeomorphism between <math display="inline">Y_1</math> and <math display="inline">Y_0</math> using the technique of "moving the wall" and Thom's Isotopy Lemma. Such a homeomorphism exists when the characteristic covectors of <math display="inline">F</math> are all nonzero on each stratum of <math display="inline">Y_t</math>.<ref>Goresky and MacPherson 1988, chapter 4, particularly pp. 71-72.</ref> Given a smooth mapping between manifolds <math display="inline">F: M \to N</math> (for example, in our case we could have <math display="inline">N = \R^2</math>) and that <math display="inline">F|Z: Z \to N</math> is proper. Let <math display="inline">Y \subset N \times \R</math> be a closed Whitney stratified subset such that the projection to the second factor <math display="inline">\pi: Y \to \R</math> is a proper stratified submersion.<ref>Goresky and MacPherson 1988, pp. 71.</ref> Suppose for each <math display="inline">t \in \R</math>, for each <math display="inline">p \in F(Z) \cap Y_t</math>, and for each nonzero characteristic covector <math display="inline">\lambda \in T^*_pN</math> of <math display="inline">F|Z</math>, the restriction of <math display="inline">\lambda</math> to the subspace <math display="inline">T_pS_t = \ker(d\pi(p)) \cap T_pS</math> is nonzero, where <math display="inline">S</math> is a stratum of <math display="inline">Y</math> which contains <math display="inline">(p, t)</math> and <math display="inline">S_t = \pi^{-1}(t) \cap S</math> is the stratum of <math display="inline">Y_t = \pi^{-1}(t) \cap Y</math> which contains <math display="inline">p</math>. This is equivalent to the statement that, for each <math display="inline">t \in \R</math>, the restriction <math display="inline">F|Z</math> is transverse to <math display="inline">Y_t</math>.<ref>Goresky and MacPherson 1988, pp. 71-72.</ref> This means that, for each <math display="inline">t \in \R</math>, <math display="inline">Z \cap F^{-1}(Y_t)</math> is stratified by its intersection with the strata of <math display="inline">Z</math>... We finally prove there is a homeomorphism between <math display="inline">Z \cap F^{-1}(Y_0) \cong Z \cap F^{-1}(Y_1)</math> which preserves the Whitney stratification of both sides and is smooth on each stratum. For the composition <math display="block">Z \times \R \subset M \times \R \to_{F \times I} Y \subset \R^2 \times \R \to_{\pi} \R</math> where <math display="inline">Y(t, z) = Y_t(z)</math>, <math display="inline">I</math> is the identity and <math display="inline">\pi</math> is projection to the second factor. <math display="inline">Z \times \R</math> is transverse to <math display="inline">(F \times I)^{-1}(Y)</math>... The composition <math display="inline">\pi \circ (F \times I): Z \times \R \cap (F \times I)^{-1}(Y) \to \R</math> is a stratified submersion because * The input domain is stratified as above..., * We have defined <math display="inline">F|Z</math> to be transverse to <math display="inline">Y</math>, and therefore it preserves the stratification (unless <math display="inline">F(Z) \cap Y = \empty</math>), and * We defined above the projection on <math display="inline">Y</math> to be a stratified submersion, meaning it is a submersion on each stratum of <math display="inline">F(Z) \cap Y</math>.<ref>Goresky and MacPherson 1988, pp. 43.</ref> Therefore, we can apply Thom's Isotopy Lemma which says there is a homeomorphism between the level sets of <math display="inline">Z \times \R</math>...<ref>Goresky and MacPherson 1988, pp. 72.</ref> === Step 3 === ==== Characteristic covectors ==== ==== Fringed sets ==== When manipulating our domain of integration[?], we need to make sure we are doing this in regions with no characteristic covectors. The introduce the concept of a fringed set, a subset of <math display="inline">R^2</math>, and construct a series of fringed sets which contain no characteristic covectors. A '''fringed set''' <math display="inline">A \subset \R \times \R^+</math> is an open subset of the first quadrant of <math display="inline">\R^2</math>. <math display="inline">A</math> is fringed over <math display="inline">0 < y \ll x</math> if for some interval <math display="inline">S = (0, x)</math> # the projection of <math display="inline">A</math> to the first factor is equal to <math display="inline">S</math>, # <math display="inline">A</math> is open in <math display="inline">S \times \R^+</math>, # if <math display="inline">(s, y) \in A</math> and <math display="inline">0 < y' \leq y</math> then <math display="inline">(s, y') \in A</math>.<ref>Goresky and MacPherson 1988, pp. 77.</ref> [picture] The fringed set <math display="inline">A^\flat</math> is the set <math display="inline">A</math> plus its reflection about the <math display="inline">x</math> axis.<ref>Goresky and MacPherson 1988, pp. 82.</ref> [picture] We build a series of fringed sets which do not contain characteristic covectors, which will be used later in our proof. There exists a fringed set <math display="inline">A_1</math> such that <math display="inline">(r, f): Z \to \R^2</math> has no characteristic covectors in <math display="inline">A^\flat_1</math>. Given that the set of points <math display="inline">(u, v) \in \R^2</math> which have a nonzero characteristic covector is closed, then it is enough to prove it for points <math display="inline">(u, 0) \in \R^2</math>. Proof by contradiction. Assume it is false and that there is a sequence of points <math display="inline">p_i \in Z \cap f^{-1}(0)</math> converging to <math display="inline">p</math> such that <math display="inline">df(p_i)</math> and <math display="inline">dr(p_i)</math> are linearly dependent when restricted to the stratum <math display="inline">Y</math> which contains <math display="inline">p_i</math>. This would mean that <math display="inline">f</math> has a critical point on <math display="inline">Y \cap \partial B_{\rho(p_i)}(p)</math>.<ref>Goresky and MacPherson 1988, pp. 82-83.</ref> By restricting to a subsequence if necessary, we may assume the points <math display="inline">p_i</math> are all contained in the same stratum <math display="inline">Y</math>, that the tangent planes <math display="inline">T_{p_i}Y</math> converge to some plane <math display="inline">Q</math> and the secant lines <math display="inline">\mathcal{l}_i = \overline{p_i p}</math> converge to some line <math display="inline">\mathcal{l}</math>. By the Whitney conditions [how?], <math display="inline">Q = \lim_{i \to \infty} \mathcal{l}_i \oplus T_{p_i}(Y \cap \partial B_\delta(p))</math>.<ref>Goresky and MacPherson 1988, pp. 83.</ref> For each <math display="inline">i</math>, <math display="inline">f(p_i) = f(p) = v</math>, this means[?] <math display="inline">df(p)(Q) = 0</math>. On the assumption that <math display="inline">df(p)</math> is nondegenerate, we may assume <math display="inline">Y = X</math>, so <math display="inline">\ker d(f|X)(p_i) = T_{p_i}(X \cap \partial B_\delta(p)) = T_{p_i}(X \cap f^{-1}(v))</math>, which converges to a subspace <math display="inline">\tau</math> of <math display="inline">Q = T_pX</math>, perpendicular to <math display="inline">\mathcal{l}</math>. However, as <math display="inline">f^{-1}(v) \cap X</math> satisfies Whitney's conditions, <math display="inline">\mathcal{l} \subset \tau</math>, a contradiction.<ref>Goresky and MacPherson 1988, pp. 83.</ref> There exists a fringed set <math display="inline">A_2</math> of type <math display="inline">0 < v \ll u</math> such that for any <math display="inline">z \in Z</math> such that <math display="inline">r\pi(z) \leq r_2</math>, the map <math display="inline">(\rho, f - f\pi)|\pi^{-1}(\pi(z)): \pi^{-1}(\pi(z)) \to \R^2</math> has no characteristic covectors in <math display="inline">A^\flat_2</math>.<ref>Goresky and MacPherson 1988, pp. 84.</ref> The proof is exactly the same as for <math display="inline">A_1</math>, but we assume for the contradiction that <math display="inline">d\rho</math>, <math display="inline">df</math> and <math display="inline">df\pi</math> are linearly dependent. If <math display="inline">df(p)</math> is a nondegenerate characteristic covector for <math display="inline">Z</math> then it is also a nondegenerate characteristic covector for <math display="inline">Z \cap \pi^{-1}(p)</math>.<ref>Goresky and MacPherson 1988, pp. 84.</ref> For any <math display="inline">a > 0</math> and <math display="inline">b > 0</math> there exists a fringed set <math display="inline">A_3</math> such that whenever <math display="inline">z \in Z</math> satisfies # <math display="inline">(r(z), f(z)) \in A^\flat_3</math>, # <math display="inline">(r\pi(z), f\pi(z)) \in A^\flat_3</math>, # <math display="inline">z \notin X</math>, and # <math display="inline">\pi(z) \neq p</math> then the covectors <math display="inline">ad\rho(z) + bdr\pi(z)</math>, <math display="inline">df(z)</math>, and <math display="inline">df\pi(z)</math> are linearly independent when restricted to the stratum <math display="inline">Y</math> which contains <math display="inline">z</math>.<ref>Goresky and MacPherson 1988, pp. 85.</ref> Proof by contradiction. If we assume not, then by the Whitney conditions the points <math display="inline">z \in Z</math> such that <math display="inline">ad\rho(z) + bdr\pi(z)</math>, <math display="inline">df(z)</math>, and <math display="inline">df\pi(z)</math> are linearly dependent form a close subset of <math display="inline">Z</math>. By Cauchy[?], this means there is a sequence <math display="inline">z_i \in Z</math> which converge to the critical point <math display="inline">p</math> such that <math display="inline">f(z_i) = 0</math> and <math display="inline">f\pi(z_i) = 0</math> and the covectors <math display="inline">ad\rho(z_i) + bdr\pi(z_i)</math>, <math display="inline">df(z_i)</math>, and <math display="inline">df\pi(z_i)</math> are linearly dependent for all <math display="inline">i</math>. By choosing a subsequence if necessary, we may assume that all <math display="inline">z_i</math> lie in the same stratum <math display="inline">Y</math>, that the secant lines <math display="inline">\overline{p z_i}</math> converge to a line <math display="inline">\mathcal{l}</math>, that the tangent planes <math display="inline">T_{z_i}Y</math> converge to some plane <math display="inline">\tau</math>, and that the subspaces <math display="inline">\ker(ad\rho(z_i) + bdr\pi(z_i))</math>, <math display="inline">\ker(df(z_i))</math>, and <math display="inline">\ker(df\pi(z_i))</math> converge to subspaces <math display="inline">A</math>, <math display="inline">B</math>, and <math display="inline">C</math> of <math display="inline">\tau</math>, respectively.<ref>Goresky and MacPherson 1988, pp. 85.</ref> [Necessity of Riemannian metric?] <math display="inline">\mathcal{l}</math> is perpendicular to <math display="inline">A</math>, so <math display="inline">\mathcal{l} \nsubseteq A</math>. But, on the assumption of linear dependence of the covectors, <math display="inline">B + C \subset A</math>, and we show that <math display="inline">\mathcal{l} \subset B</math> and <math display="inline">\mathcal{l} \subset C</math> to prove a contradiction. Let <math display="inline">w = \lim \frac{z_i - p}{|z_i - p|}</math> denote the unit vector in <math display="inline">\mathcal{l}</math>. <math display="inline">df(p)(w) = \lim \frac{f(z_i) - f(p)}{|z_i - p|} = 0</math> [prove this], meaning <math display="inline">\mathcal{l} \subset B</math>.<ref>Goresky and MacPherson 1988, pp. 85.</ref> <math display="block">\begin{align} C &= \lim \ker(df\pi(z_i)) \\ &= \lim d\pi^{-1}(z_i)(\ker(df(\pi(z_i))) \cap T_{\pi(z_i)}X) \\ &= \lim d\pi^{-1}(p)(B \cap T_pX) \end{align}</math> and <math display="block">\ker(d\pi(p)) \cup (B \cap T_pX) \subset \lim d\pi^{-1}(p)(B \cap T_pX).</math> If <math display="inline">\mathcal{l}_A = \lim \overline{z_i \pi(z_i)} \subset A</math> and <math display="inline">\mathcal{l}_B = \lim \overline{\pi(z_i)p} \subset B \cap T_pX</math>, then <math display="inline">\mathcal{l} \subset \mathcal{l}_A \cup \mathcal{l}_B</math> and <math display="inline">\mathcal{l} \subset A \cup (B \cap T_pX) \subset C</math>.<ref>Goresky and MacPherson 1988, pp. 86.</ref> There exists a fringed set <math display="inline">A_4</math> such that for any <math display="inline">z \in Z</math> which satisfies # <math display="inline">(r(z), f(z)) \in A^\flat_4</math> # <math display="inline">(r(z), f\pi(z)) \in A^\flat_4</math> # <math display="inline">z \notin X</math> # <math display="inline">\pi(z) \neq p</math> then the covectors <math display="inline">df</math>, <math display="inline">df\pi</math>, and <math display="inline">dr</math> are linearly independent when restricted to the stratum <math display="inline">Y</math> which contains <math display="inline">z</math>. Moreover, there exists an <math display="inline">r_1 > 0</math> such that for <math display="inline">\delta \leq r_1</math> the projection <math display="inline">(f\pi, f): Z \cap B_\delta(p) \to \R^2</math> has no characteristic covectors in <math display="inline">|f| \leq \epsilon</math>, <math display="inline">|f\pi| \leq \epsilon</math> except for # covectors where <math display="inline">u = v = 0</math>, # where <math display="inline">u = v</math> and <math display="inline">a = b</math>, and # where <math display="inline">u = 0</math> and <math display="inline">du = 0</math>.<ref>Goresky and MacPherson 1988, pp. 86-87.</ref> Given fringed sets <math display="inline">A_2</math> and <math display="inline">A_3</math> (<math display="inline">a = b = 1</math>), fix <math display="inline">v_0 > 0</math> such that <math display="inline">(0, v_0) \in A_2 \cap A_3</math>. For each <math display="inline">v_0 \geq \delta > 0</math> choose <math display="inline">M(\delta)</math> such that <math display="inline">B(\delta) = \{ (u, v) \in \R^2 : \delta/2 \leq u \leq \delta, |v| \leq 2M(\delta) \} \subset A^\flat_2 \cap A^\flat_3</math>. If we define <math display="inline">A_4 = \{ (\delta, \epsilon) \in \R^+ \times \R^+ : \delta \leq v_0, \epsilon \leq M(\delta) \}</math> then it has the desired properties. If <math display="inline">\rho(z) \leq r(z)/2</math>, then <math display="inline">r\pi(z) = r(z) - \rho(z) \geq r(z)/2</math>, <math display="inline">(r\pi(z), f\pi(z)) \in B(r(z)) \subset A^\flat_3</math> and <math display="inline">(r(z), f(z)) \in B(r(z)) \subset A^\flat_3</math>. We have proven above this means the covectors are linearly independent. If <math display="inline">\rho(z) \geq r(z)/2</math> then <math display="inline">(\rho(z), f - f\pi(z)) \in A^\flat_2</math> which also means they are linearly independent.<ref>Goresky and MacPherson 1988, pp. 86.</ref> Let <math display="inline">Y</math> denote the stratum of <math display="inline">Z \cap B_\delta(p)</math> that contains <math display="inline">z</math>. Suppose first that <math display="inline">z</math> is not on the boundary of <math display="inline">B_\delta(p)</math> and it is not in <math display="inline">X</math>. Then, being that <math display="inline">p</math> is an isolated critical point and <math display="inline">df(p)</math> is nondegenerate (meaning it is nonzero on any limit of tangent spaces to strata <math display="inline">Y > X</math>), there is a neighbourhood of <math display="inline">p</math> with the same property. This also implies that <math display="inline">d(f\pi)(z)</math> and <math display="inline">df(z)</math> are also independent provided <math display="inline">\pi(z) \neq p</math>.<ref>Goresky and MacPherson 1988, pp. 87.</ref> For points on the boundary of <math display="inline">B_\delta(p)</math> (if they exist), they satisfy condition 1 and 2 of the fringed set <math display="inline">A_4</math> and, assuming the other two conditions are also true, this means <math display="inline">df(z)</math>, <math display="inline">d(f\pi)(z)</math> and <math display="inline">dr(z)</math> are linearly independent. This means they are also independent when restricted to the tangent space of <math display="inline">B_\delta(p)</math>.<ref>Goresky and MacPherson 1988, pp. 87.</ref> There exists a fringed set <math display="inline">A_6</math> such that, assuming # for fixed <math display="inline">(\delta, \epsilon) \in A_6</math>, # a point <math display="inline">z \in Z</math>, <math display="inline">z \notin X</math> and <math display="inline">\pi(z) \neq p</math>, # <math display="inline">\rho(z) = \delta</math>, # <math display="inline">r\pi(z) = \delta</math>, # <math display="inline">|f(z)| \leq \epsilon</math>, and # <math display="inline">|f\pi(z)| \leq \epsilon</math>, then <math display="inline">d\rho</math>, <math display="inline">dr\pi</math>, <math display="inline">df</math>, and <math display="inline">df\pi</math> are linearly independent when restricted to <math display="inline">T_zY</math> where <math display="inline">Y</math> is the stratum that contains <math display="inline">z</math>.<ref>Goresky and MacPherson 1988, pp. 89.</ref> <math display="inline">A_6 = A_1 \cap A_2</math> has the desired properties. For <math display="inline">z</math> satisfying the assumptions, <math display="inline">(\rho(z), f(z) - f\pi(z)) \in A^\flat_2</math> which implies <math display="inline">d\rho</math>, <math display="inline">df</math>, and <math display="inline">d\pi</math> are independent. <math display="inline">(r\pi(z), f\pi(z)) \in A^\flat_1</math> which implies <math display="inline">dr\pi</math> and <math display="inline">df\pi</math> are independent.<ref>Goresky and MacPherson 1988, pp. 89.</ref> ==== Homeomorphism ==== We prove there is a stratum preserving homeomorphism between<ref>Goresky and MacPherson 1988, pp. 65.</ref> <math display="block">\text{Local Morse Data} \cong (\text{Tangential Morse Data}) \times (\text{Normal Morse Data})</math> We first prove that there is a homeomorphism between the product of the normal and tangential Morse data and the '''realisation''' of the following diagram [diagram from pp. 102] where realisation means <math display="block">Z \cap (g_1, h_1)^{-1}(P_a) \cap (g_2, h_2)^{-1}(P_b)</math> where all the intersections of strata (of <math display="inline">Z</math>?) are transverse.<ref>Goresky and MacPherson 1988, pp. 100-102.</ref> The realisation of the above diagram is equal to <math display="block">(V_1, V_2) \cap (W_1, W_2) = (V_1 \cap W_1, V_1 \cap W_2 \cup V_2 \cap W_1)</math> where <math display="block">V_1 = \{ z \in Z : |f(z) - f\pi(z)| \leq \epsilon/4, r\pi(z) \leq \delta, \rho(z) \leq \delta \}</math> <math display="block">V_2 = \{ z \in Z : f(z) - f\pi(z) = -\epsilon/4, r\pi(z) \leq \delta, \rho(z) \leq \delta \}</math> <math display="block">W_1 = \{ z \in Z : |f\pi(z)| \leq 3\epsilon/4, r\pi(z) \leq \delta \}</math> <math display="block">W_1 = \{ z \in Z : f\pi(z) = -3\epsilon/4, r\pi(z) \leq \delta \}</math> where <math display="inline">\pi</math> is the projection from the tubular neighbourhood to <math display="inline">Z</math>, <math display="inline">r(z)</math> is the square of the distance between <math display="inline">z</math> and the critical point <math display="inline">p</math> and <math display="inline">\rho(z)</math> is the square of the distance between <math display="inline">z</math> and <math display="inline">\pi(z)</math>.<ref>Goresky and MacPherson 1988, pp. 100-101.</ref> <math display="inline">\epsilon \ll \delta</math> are chosen so that <math display="inline">(\delta, \epsilon)</math> is in the set <math display="inline">A^\flat_6</math> which consists of <math display="inline">A_6 \subset \R^+ \times \R^+</math> with the properties that for <math display="inline">(\epsilon, \delta) \in A_6</math> and <math display="inline">z</math> such that <math display="inline">\rho(z) = \delta</math>, <math display="inline">r\pi(z) = \delta</math>, <math display="inline">|f(z)| \leq \epsilon</math> and <math display="inline">|f\pi(z)| \leq \epsilon</math> then the covectors <math display="inline">d\rho(z)</math>, <math display="inline">dr\pi(z)</math>, <math display="inline">df(z)</math> and <math display="inline">df\pi(z)</math> are linearly independent when restricted to <math display="inline">T_zY</math> (where <math display="inline">Y</math> is the stratum containing <math display="inline">z</math>). We can prove such a set exists.<ref>Goresky and MacPherson 1988, pp. 89.</ref> <math display="inline">A^\flat_6</math> is this plus its reflection about the <math display="inline">x</math> axis.<ref>Goresky and MacPherson 1988, pp. 82.</ref> Let <math display="inline">D = \{ x \in X | r(x) \leq \delta \}</math> for stratum <math display="inline">X</math>. We will show there is a local trivial fibration of the configuration: <math display="inline">(V_1, V_2)</math> fibres over <math display="inline">D</math> and is homeomorphic to <math display="inline">D \times (\text{normal Morse data})</math> (V_1, V_2) -> D \times (normal Morse data) | / --> D <--- and that <math display="inline">(W_1, W_2)</math> fibres over the tangential Morse data and is homeomorphic to <math display="inline">(\text{tangential Morse data}) \times (\text{normal slice})</math>. For <math display="inline">Z_1 = \{ z \in Z : r\pi(z) \leq \delta \}</math>, the map <math display="inline">F(z): Z_1 \to \R^2 = (\rho(z), f(z) - f\pi(z))</math> is transverse to each stratum of <math display="inline">\text{Box}(\delta, \epsilon/4)</math>, [list], [by lemma 6.5]. <math display="inline">(V_1, V_2) = F^{-1}(\text{Box}(\delta, \epsilon/4), \text{Bottom}(\delta, \epsilon/4))</math>. For each stratum <math display="inline">S</math> of Box and each <math display="inline">x \in D</math>, we have transverse intersection <math display="inline">F^{-1}(S) \pitchfork \pi^{-1}(x)</math>. Therefore, <math display="inline">\pi|F^{-1}(S)</math> is a submersion and by Thom's isotopy lemma the projection <math display="inline">\pi|F^{-1}(\text{Box}(\delta, \epsilon/4): F^{-1}(\text{Box}(\delta, \epsilon/4)) \to X</math> is a stratified fibre bundle over <math display="inline">D</math>. The fibre over the critical point <math display="inline">p</math> is <math display="inline">\pi^{-1}(p) \cap (F^{-1}(\text{Box}(\delta, \epsilon/4), F^{-1}(\text{Bottom}(\delta, \epsilon/4))</math> and is equal to the normal Morse data...<ref>Goresky and MacPherson 1988, pp. 101.</ref> Take <math display="inline">G: X \to \R^2 = (r(x), f(x))</math>. <math display="inline">\delta</math> and <math display="inline">\epsilon</math> have been chosen so that <math display="inline">(G^{-1}(\text{Box}(\delta, \epsilon/4), G^{-1}(\text{Bottom}(\delta, \epsilon/4))</math> is the tangential Morse data for <math display="inline">f</math> and is contained in the region <math display="inline">D</math> over which <math display="inline">\pi|(V_1, V_2)</math> is a stratified fibre bundle. Therefore, <math display="inline">(W_1, W_2) = \pi^{-1} G^{-1}(\text{Box}(\delta, \epsilon/4), \text{Bottom}(\delta, \epsilon/4))</math> is transverse to <math display="inline">(V_1, V_2)</math>.<ref>Goresky and MacPherson 1988, pp. 101-102.</ref> Finally, this means that <math display="inline">(V_1, V_2) \cap (W_1, W_2)</math> is homeomorphic (by stratum preserving homeomorphism) to <math display="inline">(\pi^{-1}(p), \cap (V_1, V_2)) \times \pi(W_1, W_2)</math>, the product of normal and tangential Morse data.<ref>Goresky and MacPherson 1988, pp. 102.</ref> We use a succession of such diagrams to interpolate between the box diagram which defines local Morse data [explain] and the above diagram whose realisation we have just proven is <math display="inline">(\text{normal Morse data}) \times (\text{tangential Morse data})</math>. [diagram_d0.py] The realisation is the local Morse data. This is equal to the realisation of the diagram below.<ref>Goresky and MacPherson 1988, pp. 103, 106.</ref> [diagram_d11.py] The realisation of the first diagram [d0] is equivalent to the realisation of the below diagram. [diagram_d1.py] In the right-hand picture of the above diagram, we have put a dotted outline around the region <math display="inline">A^{\flat}_1</math>. We prove that there are no characteristic covectors for <math display="inline">(r, f): Z \to \R^2</math> in this region and can, therefore, move the wall in this region...<ref>Goresky and MacPherson 1988, pp. 82-83.</ref> By adding a zero-dimensional stratum at the top right corner of the right-hand picture. A one-parameter family of pictures <math display="inline">P_b(t)</math> gives rise to a stratified space <math display="inline">Y \subset M \times \R</math> such that <math display="block">Y = \{ (z, t) \in M \times \R : (r, f)(z) \in P_b(t) \}.</math> <math display="inline">(r, f)</math> takes each stratum of <math display="inline">Z</math> transversally to each stratum of each <math display="inline">Y_t</math>. <math display="inline">(f \circ \pi, f)^{-1}(P_a) = f^{-1}[-\epsilon, \infty)</math> is transverse to each stratum of <math display="inline">Y_t \cap Z</math>. Therefore, there is a homeomorphism between<ref>Goresky and MacPherson 1988, pp. 107.</ref> <math display="block">Z(D_1) = Z \cap (f \circ \pi, f)^{-1}(P_a) \cap (r, f)^{-1}(P_b(0))</math> and <math display="block">Z(D_1) = Z \cap (f \circ \pi, f)^{-1}(P_a) \cap (r, f)^{-1}(P_b(1)).</math> To go from D_2 to D_3 we find the characteristic covectors of <math display="inline">(f\pi, f): V \to \R^2</math> where <math display="inline">V = (r, f)^{-1}(P_b(1))</math>. We stratify <math display="inline">P_b(1)</math> by its interior <math display="inline">P</math> and boundary <math display="inline">\partial P</math>.<ref>Goresky and MacPherson 1988, pp. 107.</ref> The strata of <math display="inline">V</math> come in four types: # <math display="inline">(r, f)^{-1}(P) \cap X</math> # <math display="inline">(r, f)^{-1}(P) \cap Y</math> # <math display="inline">(r, f)^{-1}(\partial P) \cap X</math> # <math display="inline">(r, f)^{-1}(\partial P) \cap Y</math> where <math display="inline">X</math> is the strata that contains the critical point and <math display="inline">Y</math> is any other strata such that <math display="inline">Y > X</math>. All characteristic covectors are of the form <math display="inline">\lambda = (u, v, adu + bdv) \in T^*\R^2</math>. For strata 1 and 3, the image of <math display="inline">X</math> under <math display="inline">(f\pi, f)</math> is the diagonal <math display="inline">f\pi = f</math> (dotted outline). Therefore, the characteristic covectors of any point <math display="inline">z</math> in <math display="inline">X</math> are either where <math display="inline">z = p</math>, in which case the covector is zero(?), or where <math display="inline">z \neq p</math>, in which case <math display="inline">u = v</math> and <math display="inline">a = b</math>.<ref>Goresky and MacPherson 1988, pp. 107-108.</ref> For strata 2, being that the critical point is isolated and non-degenerate, which means it, and any neighbourhood, is not zero on any limit of tangent spaces in strata <math display="inline">Y > X</math>. Therefore, <math display="inline">f</math> and <math display="inline">f\pi</math> are linearly independent.<ref>Goresky and MacPherson 1988, pp. 84.</ref> Unless <math display="inline">\pi(z) = p</math>, in which case <math display="inline">d(f\pi)(z) = f\pi(z) = 0</math>, so they are covectors where <math display="inline">u = 0</math> and <math display="inline">b = 0</math>.<ref>Goresky and MacPherson 1988, pp. 108.</ref> For strata 4, we can use implicit function theorem to generate local coordinates <math display="inline">y_1, \cdots y_{r-s-1}</math> in <math display="inline">Y > X</math> and define the Riemannian metric <math display="inline">r(z) = r\pi(z) + (f(z) - f\pi(z))^2 + g(y)</math> for some <math display="inline">g</math> depending only on <math display="inline">y</math>. There are no characteristic covectors in <math display="inline">|u| \leq \epsilon</math> and <math display="inline">|v| < \epsilon</math>. By [lemma 6.7 and 6.8 and 8.1(d)] <math display="inline">df</math>, <math display="inline">df\pi</math> and <math display="inline">dr</math> are linearly independent in this region.<ref>Goresky and MacPherson 1988, pp. 109.</ref> Given <math display="inline">|f| \leq \epsilon</math> and <math display="inline">|f\pi| \leq \epsilon</math>, a fringed set <math display="inline">A^\flat_4</math> of type <math display="inline">0 < \epsilon \ll \delta</math> and assume that <math display="inline">\pi \neq p</math> and <math display="inline">z \notin X</math> then <math display="inline">(r(z), f(z)) \in A^\flat_4</math> and <math display="inline">(r(z), f\pi(z)) \in A^\flat_4</math>.<ref>Goresky and MacPherson 1988, pp. 87.</ref> Outside of these points, the slope of <math display="inline">\ker(\lambda)</math> for any characteristic covector <math display="inline">\lambda</math> is <math display="block">\frac{-a}{b} = \frac{f(z) - f\pi(z) - M}{\frac{\alpha}{\beta} + (f(z) - f\pi(z))}</math> where <math display="inline">\alpha df + \beta dr = 0</math> and<ref>Goresky and MacPherson 1988, pp. 108-109.</ref> <math display="block">\frac{1}{M} = \left(\frac{1}{x_i}\right) \left(\frac{\partial F(x)}{\partial x_i}\right).</math> Suppose that <math display="inline"><\alpha df + \beta dr></math> is the subspace of <math display="inline">T^*_pZ</math> spanned by <math display="inline">\alpha df + \beta dr</math>, then we can construct the exact sequence <math display="block">0 \to <\alpha df + \beta dr> \to T^*_pZ \to T^*_pX \to 0</math> where the injection is inclusion[?] and the surjection is restriction. The kernel of the latter is equal to the image of the former. <math display="inline">r(adf + bdf\pi) = 0</math>, which means <math display="inline"><\alpha df + \beta dr> = adf + bdf\pi</math>.<ref>Goresky and MacPherson 1988, pp. 46.</ref> This means <math display="inline">\alpha df + \beta dr</math> is a multiple of <math display="inline">adf + bdf\pi</math>, which we can take to be 1 [how?]. Therefore, <math display="block">\alpha df + \beta (\sum x_i dx_i + (f - f\pi)(df - df\pi) + dg) = adf + bdf\pi.</math> <math display="inline">df\pi = \sum \frac{\partial F}{\partial x_i} dx_i</math> and equating coefficients of <math display="inline">df</math> and <math display="inline">dx_i</math> <math display="block">\begin{align} dg &= 0 \\ \alpha + \beta (f - f\pi) &= b \\ \beta x_i - \beta (f - f\pi) \frac{\partial F}{\partial x_i} &= a \frac{\partial F}{\partial x_i}. \end{align}</math> Dividing the third by the second gives us the theorem.<ref>Goresky and MacPherson 1988, pp. 109.</ref> We consruct a one-parameter family of stratified spaces <math display="block">P_a(t) = \{ (u, v) \in \R^2 | v \geq -\epsilon, (v + \epsilon) \geq (u + 3\epsilon/4) t/(1 - t) \}</math> [picture] This is allowable because <math display="inline">(-3\epsilon/4, -\epsilon)</math> is not a characteristic point and we can prove <math display="inline">M < 0</math> so the slope of the kernel is always positive, whereas our slope is negative.<ref>Goresky and MacPherson 1988, pp. 110.</ref> In local coordinates, <math display="inline">adF(z) + bdr(z) = 0</math> becomes <math display="block">\sum \left( a \frac{\partial F}{\partial x_i}(z) + b \frac{x_i}{r} \right) dx_i = 0.</math> For each <math display="inline">i</math>, <math display="block">\frac{1}{x_i} \left( \frac{\partial F}{\partial x_i} \right)(z) = \frac{-b}{ar}</math> which is negative when <math display="inline">a</math> and <math display="inline">b</math> have the same sign.<ref>Goresky and MacPherson 1988, pp. 57-58.</ref> From <math display="inline">Z(D_3)</math> to <math display="inline">Z(D_4)</math>. Given this one-parameter family of pictures<ref>Goresky and MacPherson 1988, pp. 110.</ref> <math display="block">P_a(t) = \{ (u, v) \in \R^2 | u \geq -3\epsilon/4, u \geq t(u + 3\epsilon/4) - \epsilon \}.</math> [picture] Again, there are no characteristic covectors in the region <math display="inline">|f| < \epsilon</math> and <math display="inline">|f\pi| \leq \epsilon</math>. Since <math display="inline">\alpha \geq 0, \beta \geq 0, f - f\pi < 0, f\pi > 0, M > 0</math>, then the slope of <math display="inline">\ker(\lambda)</math> is negative and, therefore, not in the interval <math display="inline">(0, 1]</math>.<ref>Goresky and MacPherson 1988, pp. 111.</ref> We get from <math display="inline">Z(D_4)</math> to <math display="inline">Z(D_5)</math> by unrounding the corner using the same argument above. <math display="inline">Z(D_5)</math> is identical to <math display="inline">Z(D_6)</math>. For <math display="inline">Z(D_6)</math> to <math display="inline">Z(D_7)</math>, we construct a one-parameter family pictured below [picture] Given <math display="inline">V = (r, f)^{-1}(P_a) = \{ z \in Z | r(z) \leq 2\delta \}</math>, since this is in the region <math display="inline">A_4</math>, there are no characteristic covectors of the map <math display="inline">(f\pi, f): V \to \R^2</math> in the region <math display="inline">|f| \leq \epsilon, |f\pi| \leq \epsilon</math>.<ref>Goresky and MacPherson 1988, pp. 111.</ref> For <math display="inline">Z(D_7)</math> to <math display="inline">Z(D_8)</math>, we use the one-parameter family <math display="block">P_a(t) = \{ (u, v) \in \R^2 | u \geq -3\epsilon/4, u - \epsilon/4 \leq v \leq u, u (v - \epsilon)(t - 1)/t + 3\epsilon/4 \}.</math> As above, <math display="inline">df</math> and <math display="inline">df\pi</math> are linearly independent [link this]. As it is in the region <math display="inline">A_4</math>, then <math display="inline">dr, df, df\pi</math> are linearly independent.<ref>Goresky and MacPherson 1988, pp. 112.</ref> Since <math display="inline">r = \rho + r\pi</math>, <math display="inline">Z(D_8)</math> is identical to <math display="inline">Z(D_9)</math>. For <math display="inline">Z(D_9)</math> to <math display="inline">Z(D_10)</math>, add a fake zero-dimensional stratum <math display="inline">(\delta, \delta) \in \R</math> to the second picture of <math display="inline">D_9</math>. This is in the region <math display="inline">A_6</math>, so <math display="inline">df, df\pi, d\rho</math> are linearly independent. Construct the one-parameter family <math display="block">P_a(t) = \{ (u, v) \in \R^2 | v \leq 2\delta - u, v \leq (t - 1)(u - \delta) + \delta \}.</math> [picture] This is also in the region <math display="inline">A_6</math>, so <math display="inline">df, df\pi, ad\rho + bdr\pi</math> are linearly independent.<ref>Goresky and MacPherson 1988, pp. 112.</ref> For <math display="inline">Z(D_10)</math> to <math display="inline">Z(D_11)</math>, the one-parameter family <math display="block">P_a(t) = \{ (u, v) \in \R^2 | v \leq \delta/2, u \leq (t - 1)(v - \delta/2) + \delta/2 \}</math> [picture] This is in the region <math display="inline">A_5</math>, so <math display="inline">df, df\pi, ad\rho + bdr\pi</math> are linearly independent.<ref>Goresky and MacPherson 1988, pp. 112-113.</ref> == Morse theory == Steps(?) * Explain topology * Every point of a stratum is locally like a product structure (proved by Thom's Isotopy Lemma) [GM pp. 41-42] ** Including those around critical points, which are the product of normal and tangential Morse data (these are our quasi-local cycles?) * Thom's Isotopy Lemma proves a strong deformation retraction (which only stops at critical points) [PWM pp. 541-542] === Homotopy === We want to replace our domain of convergence <math display="inline">M</math>, which is the complement of our singular variety <math display="inline">\mathcal{V}</math>, with an "equivalent" space <math display="inline">M'</math> which has better understood properties. We say "equivalent" because there are several different things we could mean by "equivalent" in this context. The equivalence we are referring to in this section is called '''homotopy'''. Imagine two subspaces <math display="inline">\gamma_0</math> and <math display="inline">\gamma_1</math> of a space <math display="inline">Y</math> which are defined respectively by smooth functions <math display="inline">f, g: X \to Y</math>. If there exists a smooth function <math display="inline">h_s: X \times [0, 1] \to Y</math>, called a homotopy, such that <math display="inline">h_0 = f</math>, <math display="inline">h_1 = g</math> and for any <math display="inline">\epsilon > 0</math> there exists a <math display="inline">\delta_a</math> and <math display="inline">\delta_b</math> such that when <math display="inline">|s - s_0| < \delta_a</math> and <math display="inline">|x - x_0| < \delta_b</math> we have <math display="inline">|h_s(x) - h_{s_0}(x_0)| < \epsilon</math>, then we say <math display="inline">\gamma_0</math> and <math display="inline">\gamma_1</math> are '''homotopic'''.<ref>Henle 1979, pp. 251-252.</ref> Below is an example where <math display="inline">\gamma_0</math> and <math display="inline">\gamma_1</math> are one-dimensional curves and <math display="inline">H(t, s) = h_s(t)</math>. [[File:Homotopy_curves.png|300px]] In [[#Homotopy_equivalence|Appendix A]], we formally prove that we can construct an equivalent space <math display="inline">M'</math>. We provide only an example to give some intuition before describing how to construct the space <math display="inline">M'</math> in terms of local cycles around critical points. === Motivating example === Imagine a torus and a height function which is just the z value of the point. [[File:3D-Leveltorus.png|200px]] It has four critical points: two at the top and bottom of the outer circle (<math display="inline">p_1, p_4</math>) and two at the top and bottom of the inner circle (<math display="inline">p_2, p_3</math>). [picture] When the height is between the <math display="inline">p_1</math> and <math display="inline">p_2</math>, the space is a two-cell, which can be retracted to a point. [picture] When the height is between <math display="inline">p_2</math> and <math display="inline">p_3</math>, the space is a cylinder, which can be retracted to a two-cell with a one-cell attached. [[File:3D-Cylinder_and_disk_with_handle.png|200px]] When the height is between <math display="inline">p_3</math> and <math display="inline">p_4</math>, the space is a torus with a disc removed, which can be retracted to a cylinder with a one-cell attached. [[File:3D-Cylinder_with_handle_and_torus_with_hole.png|200px]] When the height is greater than <math display="inline">p_4</math>, then the full torus is constructed by attaching a two-cell. [Explain in terms of Morse data and Morse index?] === Morse data and quasi-local cycles === As in the above example, we start at the "bottom" of <math display="inline">M</math> and build upwards until just before we reach our first critical point <math display="inline">p</math>. ;Smooth points :This is a tube around a <math display="inline">(d-1)</math>-chain <math display="inline">\gamma</math> where the height function <math display="inline">h</math> is maximised at <math display="inline">p</math>.<ref>Pemantle, Wilson and Melczer 2024, pp. 223.</ref> :For example, if <math display="inline">F(x, y) = \frac{1}{1 - x - y}</math> then <math display="inline">\lambda = 1</math> and <math display="inline">B^\lambda</math> is an arc reaching its highest point at <math display="inline">p</math>. :The normal plane <math display="inline">N</math> at <math display="inline">p</math> is a plane orthogonal to <math display="inline">B^1</math>(?). :Its normal link <math display="inline">L(S)</math> is a circle with two points missing where it intersects <math display="inline">\mathcal{V}</math>. :We make our quasi-local cycle out of the product of the arc and circle joined to <math display="inline">M_-</math> at points below <math display="inline">M_-</math>. :With the exception of degenerate points, such as monkey saddles...<ref>e.g. Pemantle, Wilson and Melczer 2024, pp. 211.</ref> ;Transverse multiple points :This is the product of a <math display="inline">k</math>-torus and a <math display="inline">(d-k)</math>-chain <math display="inline">\gamma</math>. The torus is the product of circles about <math display="inline">p</math> in the complex normal space to each strata which intersects <math display="inline">p</math>. The chain <math display="inline">\gamma</math> is supported in the stratum which is the common intersection of the varieties defined by the factors vanishing at <math display="inline">p</math>, and achieves its maximum height at <math display="inline">p</math>.<ref>Pemantle, Wilson and Melczer 2024, pp. 223-224.</ref> ;Arrangement multiple point :This is the product of a <math display="inline">(d-k)</math>-chain <math display="inline">\gamma</math> and several <math display="inline">k</math>-tori, one for each pair of sheets which intersect transversely, where the torus is the product of circles about <math display="inline">p</math> in each sheet.<ref>Pemantle, Wilson and Melczer 2024, pp. 226.</ref> ;Cone point :A cone point is zero-dimensional so there is no <math display="inline">\gamma</math>, just a <math display="inline">d</math>-torus about <math display="inline">p</math>.<ref>Pemantle, Wilson and Melczer 2024, pp. 227.</ref> == Notes == {{Reflist}} == References == * {{cite book | last1=Goresky | first1=Mark | last2=MacPherson | first2=Robert | title=Stratified Morse Theory | publisher=Springer-Verlag | year=1988 | url=https://www.math.ias.edu/~goresky/pdf/SMT.djvu }} * {{cite book | last=Henle | first1=Michael | title=A Combinatorial Introduction to Topology | publisher=Dover Publications Inc. New York | year=1979 }} * {{citation | last=Mather | first=John | title=Notes on Topological Stability | year=2012 | journal=Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society | volume=49 | number=4 | pages=475-506 | url=https://www.ams.org/journals/bull/2012-49-04/S0273-0979-2012-01383-6/S0273-0979-2012-01383-6.pdf }}. * {{cite book | last1=Pemantle | first1=Robin | last2=Wilson | first2=Mark C. | last3=Melczer | first3=Stephen | title=Analytic Combinatorics in Several Variables | publisher=Cambridge University Press | year=2024 | edition=2nd | url=https://acsvproject.com/PemantleWilsonMelczer23.pdf }} kzatq8ena1gaghxr1m1a8ayhy1uhshf 4679436 4679423 2026-11-01T10:19:36Z Dom walden 3209423 /* Step 1: Construct control data */ 4679436 wikitext text/x-wiki == Introduction == Morse theory tells us that the topology of M only changes at its critical points. The "Morse data" tells us the topology at each critical point. Attaching this Morse data together gives us a space which is homopotically eqivalent to M. This space is a "cell complex", which has an easy to calculate homology. Theorem: Our domain of convergence is homotopic to a cell complex of dimension at most <math display="inline">2n - d - 1</math>.<ref>This is theorem D.23 in Pemantle, Wilson and Melczer 2024, pp. 546. Also theorem in section 1.2*/5.2* in SMT pp. 200.</ref> Proof: # <math display="inline">X</math> is our entire domain, <math display="inline">\mathcal{V}</math> our variety # Project our entire domain to complex projective space <math display="inline">Z = \pi(X) \subset \C\mathbb{P}^n - H</math> [define H] # Define a linear subspace <math display="inline">G \subset \C\mathbb{P}^n</math> of dimension <math display="inline">d - 1</math> # Define a Morse function on <math display="inline">f: \C\mathbb{P}^n \to \R</math> which approximates the distance from <math display="inline">G</math> and such that <math display="inline">f^{-1}(0) = G</math> and <math display="inline">f^{-1}(1) = H</math> # We "build" <math display="inline">X - \mathcal{V}</math> from <math display="inline">\pi^{-1}(G \cap Z) \cap (X - \mathcal{V})</math> by attaching CW complexes at critical points which are of at most dimension <math display="inline">2n - d - 1</math> # At a critical point, the normal Morse data is <math display="inline">(J, K) = \coprod_x (J_x, K_x)</math> and the relative complex link is <math display="inline">\mathcal{L}^\pi = \coprod_x \mathcal{L}_x</math> # We show that the quotient <math display="inline">J_x/K_x</math> is homotopic to a CW complex of dimension <math display="inline">\leq 2n - d - 1</math> # The neighbourhood of <math display="inline">x</math> in <math display="inline">J_x</math> is homeomorphic to the cone in <math display="inline">L_x(X - \mathcal{V})</math>, and removing the point <math display="inline">x</math> increases the homotopy dimension to at most the homotopy dimension of <math display="inline">L_x</math> # <math display="inline">(J_x \cup \{x\}, K_x)</math> is homotopic to <math display="inline">(\text{cone}(\mathcal{L}_x), \mathcal{L}_x)</math> # <math display="inline">\mathcal{L}_x</math> is homotopic to a CW complex of dimension at most <math display="inline">2n - d - 1</math> # The tangential Morse data at the critical point is homotopic to the pair <math display="inline">(D^\lambda, \partial D^\lambda)</math> # Therefore, at each critical point a space has been added homotopic to a CW complex of dimension at most <math display="inline">2n - d - 1</math>. Theorem: If <math display="inline">X</math> is the complement in <math display="inline">\C^n</math> of a complex variety <math display="inline">\mathcal{V}</math> of dimension <math display="inline">d</math> then <math display="inline">X</math> is homotopic to a CW complex of dimension at most <math display="inline">2n - d - 1</math>.<ref>Pemantle, Wilson and Melczer 2024, pp. 546.</ref> Proof: # We build <math display="inline">X</math> by attaching cells of dimension at most <math display="inline">2n - d - 1</math> at each critical point. ## Prove that we can do this without changing the homotopy(?) ## We use Thom's Isotopy Lemma to prove that there is a strong deformation retraction, stopping only at critical points. # Prove these cells are a product of the normal and tangential Morse data. ## Normal data: <math display="inline">(\mathcal{L}(S), \partial \mathcal{L}(S)) \times (D^1, \partial D^1)</math> [GM pp. 18] ## Tangential data: <math display="inline">(B_\delta \cap f^{-1}[v - \epsilon, v + \epsilon], B_\delta \cap f^{-1}(v - \epsilon))</math> for <math display="inline">f</math> restricted to <math display="inline">X</math> (or <math display="inline">\mathcal{V}</math>?) [GM pp. 63-64] # If <math display="inline">k</math> is the dimension of the strata, then ## If <math display="inline">k = d</math> then it is a smooth point and the cell is the product of <math display="inline">S^{2(n-d)-1}</math> and the tangential data is dimension at most <math display="inline">d</math>. ## If <math display="inline">k < d</math>, ... <ref>Pemantle, Wilson and Melczer 2024, pp. 547.</ref> == Example in one dimension == Domain with singularities v_1, v_2, ..., v_i Define our height function f... Start with our entire domain X Reduce from X to X_i+ by using Thom's Isotopy lemma to do a strong deformation retract == Thom's isotopy lemma == We present a modified version of Thom's first isotopy lemma, less general than the original but more obviously relevant to our situation. === Theorem === Suppose <math display="inline">Z</math> is a closed subset of a smooth manifold <math display="inline">M</math> which admits a Whitney stratification and <math display="inline">h : M \to \R</math> is a proper[?] Morse function which has no critical values on <math display="inline">Z</math>. Then, the level sets of <math display="inline">Z</math> are homeomorphic by a homeomorphism that preserves the strata of <math display="inline">Z</math>.<ref>For various versions of the full statement of the theorem, see Mather 2012, pp. 499, Goresky and MacPherson 1988, pp. 41, or Pemantle, Wilson and Melczer 2024, pp. 541.</ref> === Proof === # Construct '''control data''' for <math display="inline">Z</math> compatible with <math display="inline">h</math>. # The control data makes <math display="inline">Z</math> an '''abstract stratified set''' and <math display="inline">h</math> a '''controlled submersion'''. # A controlled submersion has, for any smooth vector field on <math display="inline">\R</math>, a '''controlled vector field''' on <math display="inline">Z</math>. # A controlled vector field has a unique '''one-parameter family of homeomorphisms''' of <math display="inline">Z</math> which commute with <math display="inline">h</math>. # This makes <math display="inline">h</math> a locally trivial fibration. [Prop 10.2]<ref>Mather 2012, pp. 499.</ref> ==== Step 1: Construct control data ==== A system of '''control data''' for <math display="inline">Z</math> consists of, for each stratum <math display="inline">X</math> of <math display="inline">Z</math>, * a '''tubular neighbourhood''' <math display="inline">T_X</math> of <math display="inline">X</math> * a '''tubular projection function''' <math display="inline">\pi_X: T_X \to X</math>, and * a '''tubular distance function''' <math display="inline">\rho_X: T_X \to \R</math> such that <math display="inline">\rho_X^{-1}(0) = X</math> [illustration] such that if <math display="inline">X < Y</math> are strata in <math display="inline">Z</math>, then <math display="block">\pi_X(\pi_Y(m)) = \pi_X(m),</math> <math display="block">\rho_X(\pi_Y(m)) = \rho_X(m)</math> for all <math display="inline">m \in |T_X| \cap |T_Y|</math> such that <math display="inline">\pi_Y(m) \in |T_X|</math>.<ref>Goresky and MacPherson 1988, pp. 42.</ref> If, for all strata <math display="inline">X</math> and all <math display="inline">m \in |T_X|</math>, we have <math display="inline">h \pi_X(m) = h(m)</math>, then this control data will be said to be compatible with <math display="inline">h</math>.<ref>Mather 2012, pp. 488.</ref> We prove that if <math display="inline">h</math> is smooth on <math display="inline">Z</math> and is a submersion for each strata then there exists a family of control data for <math display="inline">Z</math> compatible with <math display="inline">h</math>.<ref>Mather 2012, pp. 488, prop 7.1.</ref> Let <math display="inline">Z_k</math> be the union of strata of <math display="inline">Z</math> of dimension less than <math display="inline">k</math>. We prove by induction on <math display="inline">k</math>. To construct the tubular neighbourhood <math display="inline">T_X</math> of a stratum <math display="inline">X</math> of dimension less than <math display="inline">k</math>. For <math display="inline">l \leq k</math>, let <math display="inline">U_l</math> denote the union of all <math display="inline">|T_Y|</math> for <math display="inline">Y < X</math> and <math display="inline">\dim Y \geq l</math>. Let <math display="inline">X_l = U_l \cap X</math>.<ref>Mather 2012, pp. 489.</ref> For <math display="inline">l = k</math>, <math display="inline">X_k = \empty</math>. Assume by induction that <math display="inline">T_{l+1}</math> has been constructed and that if <math display="inline">Y < X</math>, <math display="inline">\dim Y \geq l + 1</math>, <math display="inline">m \in |T_{l+1}| \cap |T_Y|</math> and <math display="inline">\pi_{l+1}(m) \in |T_Y|</math> (<math display="inline">\pi_{l+1} = \pi_{T_{l+1}}</math>) then<ref>Mather 2012, pp. 489-490.</ref> <math display="block">\rho_Y \pi_{l+1}(m) = \rho_Y(m),</math> <math display="block">\pi_Y \pi_{l+1}(m) = \pi_Y(m).</math> We wish to construct a tubular neighbourhood <math display="inline">T_{X,Y}</math> of <math display="inline">|T_Y| \cap X</math> whose restriction to <math display="inline">|T_Y| \cap X_{l+1}</math> is isomorphic to the restriction of <math display="inline">T_{l+1}</math> such that if <math display="inline">m \in |T_{X,Y}| \cap |T_Y|</math> and <math display="inline">\pi_{X,Y}(m) \in |T_Y|</math> (<math display="inline">\pi_{X,Y} = \pi_{T_{X,Y}}</math>) then <math display="block">\rho_Y \pi_{X,Y}(m) = \rho_Y(m),</math> <math display="block">\pi_Y \pi_{X,Y}(m) = \pi_Y(m).</math> By shrinking <math display="inline">|T_Y|</math> if necessary, this relation is already satisfied if <math display="inline">m \in |T_{l+1}| \cap |T_Y|</math> and <math display="inline">\pi_{l+1}(m) \in |T_Y|</math> with <math display="inline">T_{l+1}</math> in place of <math display="inline">T_{X,Y}</math> and <math display="inline">\pi_{l+1}</math> in place of <math display="inline">\pi_{X,Y}</math>. By the definition, if <math display="inline">m \in |T_{l+1}|</math> then there exists <math display="inline">Z < X</math> with <math display="inline">\dim Z > l</math>, <math display="inline">m \in |T_Z|</math> and <math display="inline">\pi_{l+1}(m) \in |T_Z|</math>. We have that <math display="inline">\pi_{l+1}(m) \in |T_Y| \cap |T_Z|</math> and therefore <math display="inline">Y < Z</math>. Therefore<ref>Mather 2012, pp. 490.</ref> <math display="block">\rho_Y \pi_{l+1}(m) = \rho_Y \pi_Z \pi_{l+1}(m) = \rho_Y \pi_Z(m) = \rho_Y(m),</math> <math display="block">\pi_Y \pi_{l+1}(m) = \pi_Y \pi_Z \pi_{l+1}(m) = \pi_Y \pi_Z(m) = \pi_Y(m).</math> We can prove that, by shrinking <math display="inline">|T_Y|</math>, <math display="inline">(\rho_Y, \pi_Y): |T_Y| \cap X \to \R \times Y</math> is a submersion [prop 7.3?] and that <math display="inline">T_{X,Y}</math> is compatible with <math display="inline">(\rho_Y, \pi_Y): |T_Y| \cap X_{l+1} \to \R \times Y</math>, i.e. <math display="inline">(\rho_Y, \pi_Y) \pi_{X,Y}(m) = (\rho_Y, \pi_Y)(m)</math>(?). To prove it is a submersion, for the tubular neighbourhood <math display="inline">T = (E, \epsilon, \psi)</math> there exists a smooth positive function <math display="inline">\epsilon'</math> such that <math display="block">(\rho_T, \pi_T): Y \cap |T|_{\epsilon'}^0 \to \R \times X,</math> where <math display="inline">|T|_{\epsilon'}^0 = \psi(B_\epsilon \cap B_{\epsilon'})</math>, is a submersion. If <math display="inline">\Sigma</math> is the set <math display="inline">y \in |T|</math> such that the rank of <math display="block">(\rho_T, \pi_T): T \cap |T| \to \R \times X</math> at <math display="inline">y</math> is less than <math display="inline">\dim(\R \times X)</math>. We need to prove that for any <math display="inline">x \in X</math> there exists a neighbourhood of <math display="inline">x</math> which does not intersect with <math display="inline">\Sigma</math>, i.e. the map is not a submersion in this neighbourhood. It follows from [lemma 7.2] that it is enough to prove for <math display="inline">M = \R^m</math>, <math display="inline">X = \R^{m-c} \times 0_c</math> and <math display="inline">T</math> is the '''standard tubular neighbourhood'''.<ref>Mather 2012, pp. 489.</ref> By standard tubular neighbourhood, we mean the trivial bundle with base <math display="inline">\R^{m-c}</math> and fibre <math display="inline">\R^c</math> where <math display="inline">\pi: \R^m \to \R^{m-c}</math>...<ref>Mather 2012, pp. 488.</ref> For <math display="inline">y \in |T| - \R^{m-c}</math>, the kernal of the differential of <math display="inline">(\pi_T, \rho_T)</math> at <math display="inline">y</math> is the orthogonal complement of <math display="inline">(\R^{m-c} \times 0_c) \oplus \stackrel{\frown}{y \pi_T(y)}</math> in <math display="inline">\R^m</math>. By the Whitney conditions, we have that for <math display="inline">y</math> near <math display="inline">\R^{m-c}</math>, <math display="inline">(\R^{m-c} \times 0_c) \oplus \stackrel{\frown}{y \pi_T(y)}</math> is close to the set of <math display="inline">m - c + 1</math> planes in <math display="inline">m-</math>space to an <math display="inline">m - c + 1</math> plane in <math display="inline">TY_y</math>. Therefore, for <math display="inline">y</math> near enough to <math display="inline">\R^{m-c}</math>, <math display="inline">TY_y</math> is transverse to the kernal of the differential of <math display="inline">(\pi_T, \rho_T)</math> and, therefore, is a submersion when restricted to <math display="inline">Y</math>.<ref>Mather 2012, pp. 489.</ref> To prove that <math display="inline">T_{X,Y}</math> is compatible with <math display="inline">(\rho_Y, \pi_Y): |T_Y| \cap X_{l+1} \to \R \times Y</math>...<ref>Mather 2012, pp. 490.</ref> Therefore, there exists a tubular neighbourhood <math display="inline">T_0</math> of <math display="inline">X_0</math> satisfying <math display="block">\rho_Y \pi_0(m) = \rho_Y(m),</math> <math display="block">\pi_Y \pi_0(m) = \pi_Y(m).</math> From this we can prove that <math display="inline">T_0</math> is compatible with <math display="inline">h</math>. Replacing <math display="inline">T_0</math> with a smaller tubular neighbourhood if necessary we can assume <math display="inline">m \in |T_0|</math> such that for some <math display="inline">Y < X</math>, <math display="inline">m \in |T_Y|</math> and <math display="inline">\pi_0(m) \in |T_Y|</math>, then<ref>Mather 2012, pp. 490.</ref> <math display="block">h \pi_0(m) = h \pi_Y \pi_0(m) = h \pi_Y(m) = h(m).</math> By the generalised tubular neighourhood theorem [prop 7.2?], we can replace <math display="inline">T_0</math> with a tubular neighbourhood <math display="inline">T</math> of <math display="inline">X</math> compatible with <math display="inline">h</math>. This completes the construction of <math display="inline">T_X</math>.<ref>Mather 2012, pp. 491.</ref> ==== Step 2: Abstract stratified set ==== This makes <math display="inline">Z</math> an '''abstract stratified set''' with axioms...<ref>Mather 2012, pp. 491-492.</ref> ==== Step 3: Controlled vector field ==== This also makes <math display="inline">h</math> a '''controlled submersion''' because # <math display="inline">h|X: X \to \R</math> is a smooth submersion on each strata <math display="inline">X</math> of <math display="inline">Z</math>, and # for each stratum <math display="inline">X</math> there is a tubular neighbourhood <math display="inline">T'_X</math> such that <math display="inline">h(v) = h \pi_X(v)</math> for all <math display="inline">v \in T'_X</math>.<ref>Mather 2012, pp. 493.</ref> The core of this is the concept of a '''vector field'''. A vector field is a function which assigns, for each point <math display="inline">p</math> in a space, a '''vector''', which can be represented by an arrow whose tail starts at <math display="inline">p</math>.<ref>Henle 1979, pp. 33.</ref> [picture] Imagine we have a vector field <math display="inline">v(x)</math> defined in a space and draw a line through our space. At each point along this line the vector field assigns a vector. If we move each point in this line along the arrow defined by this vector in the direction of the arrow head. This "flows" the entire line along the vectors. [picture] We define a '''stratified vector field''' <math display="inline">\eta</math> on <math display="inline">Z</math> to be a family of smooth vector fields <math display="inline">\eta_X</math>, one for each strata <math display="inline">X</math> of <math display="inline">Z</math>.<ref>Mather 2012, pp. 493.</ref> We define a '''controlled vector field''' <math display="inline">\eta</math> on <math display="inline">Z</math> to be a stratified vector field such that for any strata <math display="inline">Y</math> there exists a tubular neighbourhood <math display="inline">T'_Y</math> such that for any <math display="inline">X > Y</math> and any <math display="inline">v \in T'_X \cap X</math><ref>Mather 2012, pp. 493.</ref> <math display="block">\eta_X \rho_{Y,X}(v) = 0,</math> <math display="block">(\pi_{Y,X})_* \eta_X(v) = \eta_Y (\pi_{Y,X}(v)).</math> We prove that if <math display="inline">h</math> is a controlled submersion then, for any smooth vector field <math display="inline">\zeta</math> on <math display="inline">\R</math> there is a controlled vector field <math display="inline">\eta</math> on <math display="inline">Z</math> such that <math display="inline">h_* \eta(v) = \zeta(h(v))</math> for all <math display="inline">v \in Z</math>.<ref>Mather 2012, pp. 493.</ref> Proceeding by induction on the maximum dimension of the strata of <math display="inline">Z</math>, we define <math display="inline">Z_k</math> to be the union of strata of <math display="inline">Z</math> of dimension at most <math display="inline">k</math>. The tubular neighbourhood of <math display="inline">Z_k</math> is the intersection of the tubular neighbourhoods of each strata in <math display="inline">Z_k</math> with <math display="inline">Z</math>. The projection and distance functions are the restrictions of the respective functions of <math display="inline">Z</math>. It is trivially true when the maximum dimension of strata in <math display="inline">Z</math> is zero. Assume it is true for <math display="inline">k</math> and construct each <math display="inline">\eta_X</math> separately for each stratum <math display="inline">X</math> of dimension <math display="inline">k + 1</math>. By the assumption that we have controlled vector fields for all strata <math display="inline">Y</math> of dimension at most <math display="inline">k</math>, we have the two control conditions defined above for any <math display="inline">X > Y</math> and that there is a neighbourhood <math display="inline">T^1_Y</math> such that <math display="inline">h(v) = h \pi_Y(v)</math> for <math display="inline">v \in T^1_Y</math>. We want to prove that for all <math display="inline">Y < X</math>, the control conditions are satisfied for all <math display="inline">v \in T^2_Y</math> and that <math display="inline">h_*\eta_X(v) = \zeta(v)</math> for all <math display="inline">v \in X</math>. Take a point <math display="inline">x \in X</math> and define the set <math display="inline">S_v</math> of strata <math display="inline">Y < X</math> such that <math display="inline">v \in T^2_Y</math>. <math display="inline">S_v</math> is totally ordered since if <math display="inline">Y_1</math> and <math display="inline">Y_2</math> are not comparable then <math display="inline">T^2_{Y_1} \cap T^2_{Y_2} = \empty</math>. Therefore, there is a largest member <math display="inline">Y = Y_v</math>. Assume the control conditions hold for <math display="inline">Y = Y_v</math>. Then they hold for all <math display="inline">Y_i \in S_v</math>. For, either <math display="inline">Y_i = Y</math> or <math display="inline">Y_i < Y</math>. In the latter case, <math display="inline">\pi_Y(v) \in T^1_{Y_i}</math> (by the choice of <math display="inline">T^2_Y</math>'s [is this why?]. Then <math display="block">\begin{align} \eta_X(v) \rho_{Y_i,X}(v) &= \eta_X \rho_{Y_i,Y} \pi_{Y,X}(v) \\ &= (\pi_{Y,X})_* \eta_X(v) \rho_{Y_i,Y} \\ &= \eta_Y(\pi_{Y,X}(v)) \rho_{Y_i,Y} \\ &= 0 \end{align}</math> and <math display="block">\begin{align} (\pi_{Y_i,X})_* \eta_X(v) &= (\pi_{Y_i,Y})_* (\pi_{Y,X})_* \eta_X(v) \\ &= (\pi_{Y_i,Y})_* \eta_Y(v) (\pi_{Y,X}) \\ &= \eta_{Y_i}(\pi_{Y_i,Y} \pi_{Y,X}(v)) \\ &= \eta_{Y_i}(\pi_{Y_i,X}(v)) \end{align}</math> and, therefore, condition holds for all <math display="inline">Y_i \in S_v</math>. Also, <math display="block">\begin{align} h_* \eta_X(v) &= (h \circ \pi_{Y,X})_* \eta_X(v) \\ &= h_* \eta_Y (\pi_{Y,X}(v)) \\ &= \zeta(f(v)) \end{align}</math> and, therefore, the conclusion of the theorem holds at <math display="inline">v</math>. This shows we can construct <math display="inline">\eta_X</math> satisfying the control conditions when <math display="inline">S_v</math> is non-empty and satisfying the theorem when <math display="inline">S_v</math> is empty. The set of vectors satisfying these conditions is convex in <math display="inline">TX_v</math>, and so we construct <math display="inline">\eta_X</math> globally via a partition of unity.<ref>Mather 2012, pp. 493-495.</ref> ==== Step 4: One-parameter family of homeomorphisms ==== Finally, we prove that a controlled vector field has a unique one-parameter family of homeomorphisms of <math display="inline">Z</math> which commute with <math display="inline">h</math>.<ref>Mather 2012, this combines Proposition 10.1 and Corollary 10.2 on pp. 496 and 497, respectively.</ref> For each stratum <math display="inline">X</math> of <math display="inline">Z</math>, <math display="inline">\eta_X</math> generates a unique smooth local one-parameter group <math display="inline">(J_X, \alpha_X)</math> of diffeomorphisms of <math display="inline">X</math> (by standard results of differential geometry), such that <math display="inline">\frac{d}{dt} \alpha(t, v)|_{t=0} = \eta_X(v)</math>, <math display="inline">J_X</math> is an open subset of <math display="inline">\R \times Z</math>, ... If we define <math display="inline">(J, \alpha)</math> by <math display="block">J = \bigcup_{X \in S} J_X</math> <math display="block">\alpha = \bigcup_{X \in S} \alpha_X</math> we can prove that this is a local one-parameter family of homeomorphisms.<ref>Mather 2012, pp. 496.</ref> Firstly, it is clear that # <math display="inline">0 \times Z \subseteq J</math> and <math display="inline">\alpha(0, v) = v</math> for all <math display="inline">v \in Z</math>. # If <math display="inline">v \in Z</math> then <math display="inline">J_v = J \cap (\R \times v) \subseteq \R</math> is an open interval <math display="inline">(a_v, b_v)</math>, possibly infinite at one or both ends. # If <math display="inline">v \in Z</math> and <math display="inline">t, s, t + s</math> are in <math display="inline">(a_v, b_v)</math> then <math display="inline">\alpha(t + s, v) = \alpha(t, \alpha(s, v))</math>.<ref>Mather 2012, pp. 495.</ref> Secondly, it is clear that <math display="inline">\eta</math> generates <math display="inline">\alpha</math> because # Each stratum <math display="inline">X</math> of <math display="inline">Z</math> is invariant under <math display="inline">\alpha</math>, i.e. <math display="inline">\alpha[J \cap (\R \times X)] \subseteq X</math>. # For each <math display="inline">v \in Z</math>, the map <math display="inline">t \to \alpha(t, v)</math> of <math display="inline">(a_v, b_v)</math> into the stratum which contains <math display="inline">v</math> is <math display="inline">C^1</math>. # For any <math display="inline">(t, v) \in Z</math>(?) we have <math display="inline">d/dt \alpha(t, v) = \eta(\alpha(t, v))</math>.<ref>Mather 2012, pp. 495.</ref> It is unique because each <math display="inline">(J_X, \alpha_X)</math> is unique. We just need to prove that <math display="inline">J</math> is open, <math display="inline">\alpha</math> is continuous, and for any <math display="inline">v \in Z</math> and any compact set <math display="inline">K \subseteq Z</math> there exists <math display="inline">\epsilon > 0</math> such that <math display="inline">\alpha(t, v) \notin K</math> if <math display="inline">t \in (a_v, a_v + \epsilon) \cup (b_v - \epsilon, b_v)</math>.<ref>Mather 2012, pp. 495.</ref> For the latter-most condition, if it did not hold then there exists...<ref>Mather 2012, pp. 496-497.</ref> We prove there is a homeomorphism <math display="inline">f: Z \to h^{-1}(0) \times \R</math> such that <math display="inline">\pi \circ f = h</math>, where <math display="inline">\pi: h^{-1}(0) \times \R \to \R</math> is projection to the second factor. For the coordinate vector field <math display="inline">\partial</math> on <math display="inline">\R</math>, by [prop 9.1] there is a controlled vector field <math display="inline">\tilde\partial</math> such that <math display="inline">f_* \tilde\partial(v) = \partial(h(v))</math> for <math display="inline">v \in Z</math>. By [prop 10.1], <math display="inline">\tilde\partial</math> generates a local one-parameter group <math display="inline">(J, \alpha)</math> such that <math display="block">h(\alpha(t,v)) = h(v) + t</math> <math display="inline">h</math> is proper and [d] holds, so <math display="inline">J = \R \times Z</math>. If we define <math display="inline">f</math> as <math display="block">f(v) = (\alpha(-t, v), h(v))</math> then <math display="inline">f</math> maps <math display="inline">Z</math> into <math display="inline">h^{-1}(0) \times \R</math> and <math display="inline">\pi \circ f = h</math>. If we define <math display="inline">\bar f: h^{-1}(0) \times \R \to Z</math> as <math display="block">\bar f(v, t) = \alpha(t, v)</math> then <math display="inline">f \bar f = \bar f f = Id</math> and <math display="inline">f</math> is a homeomorphism.<ref>Mather 2012, pp. 497.</ref> == Topology at critical points == Theorem: If there is a critical point <math display="inline">p</math> in the singular variety <math display="inline">\mathcal{V}</math> with critical value <math display="inline">v \in (a, b)</math> then the space <math display="inline">X_{\leq b}</math> is homotopic to<ref>Goresky and MacPherson 1988, pp. 174.</ref> <math display="block">X_{\leq a} \cup [(D^{\lambda+1}, \partial D^{\lambda+1}) \times (\mathcal{L}_X, \partial \mathcal{L}_X)].</math> Proof:<ref>Proof outline comes from Goresky and MacPherson 1988, pp. 174.</ref> # <math display="inline">(X_{\leq b}, X_{\leq a})</math> is homeomorphic to <math display="inline">(X_{\leq v + \epsilon}, X_{\leq v -\epsilon})</math>. We can prove this by "moving wall" or Thom's Isotopy Lemma.<ref>Goresky and MacPherson 1988, pp. 90-91, 120.</ref> # <math display="inline">X_{\leq v + \epsilon}</math> is homeomorphic to <math display="inline">X_{\leq v - \epsilon} \cup (J, K)</math>, where the latter is the local Morse data for <math display="inline">h</math> at <math display="inline">p</math>. We do this by moving the wall...<ref>Goresky and MacPherson 1988, pp. 95-96, 120-121.</ref> # <math display="inline">(J, K)</math> is homeomorphic to <math display="inline">(D^{\lambda+1}, \partial D^{\lambda+1}) \times (\mathcal{L}_X, \partial \mathcal{L}_X)</math> (tangential data, normal data). Again, moving the wall...<ref>Goresky and MacPherson 1988, pp. 65-66, chapter 8, 121.</ref> # The normal Morse data depends only on the differential <math display="inline">df(p)</math>.<ref>Goresky and MacPherson 1988, pp. 93.</ref> # The normal Morse data has the homotopy type of <math display="inline">(\mathcal{L}_X, \partial \mathcal{L}_X)</math>.<ref>Goresky and MacPherson 1988, pp. 169.</ref> === Step 1 === We get this immediately(?) by Thom's Isotopy Lemma. === Step 2 === <ref>Goresky and MacPherson 1988, complex case on pp. 120-121 is extension of real case on pp. 95-96.</ref> Step 1 works because <math display="inline">h</math> is a submersion at each point of the regions we are homeomorphing. This is not the case at critical points. We need some way by which a homeomorphism can pass through a critical point. To prove a homeomorphism between two subsets <math display="inline">A</math> and <math display="inline">B</math> of <math display="inline">Z</math>, we project <math display="inline">Z</math> to some other space <math display="inline">N</math> (in our case <math display="inline">\R^n</math>) using some function <math display="inline">F</math>. We take subsets <math display="inline">Y_0</math> and <math display="inline">Y_1</math> of <math display="inline">N</math> such that <math display="inline">A = Z \cap F^{-1}(Y_0)</math> and <math display="inline">B = Z \cap F^{-1}(Y_1)</math>. We need to prove <math display="inline">Y_0</math> and <math display="inline">Y_1</math> are connected by a one-parameter family of regions <math display="inline">Y_t</math> [explain one-parameter family]. The criterion for such a family to exist is that the '''characteristic covectors''' of <math display="inline">F</math> are all nonzero on each stratum of <math display="inline">Y_t</math>.<ref>Goresky and MacPherson 1988, pp. 70.</ref> At each point <math display="inline">x \in M</math> and <math display="inline">y \in N</math> there are '''tangent spaces''' <math display="inline">T_xM</math> and <math display="inline">T_yN</math>, a vector space whose zero is at the point <math display="inline">x</math> or <math display="inline">y</math> (resp.) [picture of various tangent spaces] In the case the <math display="inline">N = \R</math>, the tangent space <math display="inline">T_x\R</math> is just <math display="inline">\R</math> but whose origin is at <math display="inline">x</math>. [picture of T_x\R] Say <math display="inline">F(x) = y</math>, then the differential of the map <math display="inline">F</math> can be seen as a function whose input is a vector in the tangent space <math display="inline">T_xM</math> and whose output is a vector in the tangent space <math display="inline">T_yM</math>. [If I move this far on the tangent space of M how do I move in the tangent space of N?] [picture] [example for M = \R and N = \R?] A function which takes as input a vector in the tangent space <math display="inline">T_xM</math> (say) and outputs a scalar (usually <math display="inline">\R</math>) is called a '''covector'''. The set of all covectors on <math display="inline">T_xM</math> is called the dual space of <math display="inline">T_xM</math> and is denoted <math display="inline">T^*_xM</math>. There are only a limited number of ways to express a covectors. For example, if our tangent space is two-dimensional then all covectors are of the form <math display="inline">ax + by</math> where <math display="inline">(x, y) \in T_xM</math>. We take our space <math display="inline">M</math> and map it onto <math display="inline">\R^2</math> with the map <math display="inline">F(z) = (r(z), h(z))</math>, where <math display="inline">z \in M</math> and <math display="inline">r</math> is the square of the distance of <math display="inline">z</math> to the critical point <math display="inline">p</math>. [graph of mapping] In this case, the covectors on the tangent space <math display="inline">T_xM</math> are of the form <math display="inline">adf(x) + bdr(x)</math> (in this case <math display="inline">df</math> and <math display="inline">dr</math> are maps to <math display="inline">\R</math>) and on <math display="inline">T_y\R^2</math> are of the form <math display="inline">cu + dv</math> (for <math display="inline">(u, v) \in \R^2</math>). A covector <math display="inline">cu + dv \in T^*_{(u, v)}\R^2</math> is called a '''characteristic covector''' of <math display="inline">F</math> if <math display="inline">F(x) = (u, v)</math> and <math display="inline">cdf(x) + ddr(x) = 0</math> for all vectors in the tangent space of the stratum containing <math display="inline">p</math>.<ref>Goresky and MacPherson 1988, pp. 82.</ref> [explain adf(x) + bdr(x) in terms of this being a function which takes a vector input] [example of where covectors do and do not vanish on a stratified space, pp. 71?] What we want is a homeomorphism in <math display="inline">M</math> between the space <math display="inline">Z_{\leq \epsilon}</math> and <math display="inline">Z_{\leq \epsilon} \cup B</math>, where <math display="inline">B</math> is a small region of the critical point <math display="inline">p</math>. The '''local Morse data''' is <math display="block">((B_\delta \cap Z) \cap f^{-1}[v-\epsilon, v+\epsilon], (B_\delta \cap Z) \cap f^{-1}(v-\epsilon))</math> where <math display="inline">B_\delta</math> is a closed disc in <math display="inline">M</math> of radius <math display="inline">\delta</math>.<ref>Goresky and MacPherson 1988, pp. 63-64.</ref> Observe that this is the pair <math display="inline">(F^{-1}(\text{Box}(\delta, \epsilon)), F^{-1}(\text{Bottom}(\delta, \epsilon)))</math><ref>Goresky and MacPherson 1988, pp. 91.</ref> [explain Box, Bottom, etc.] [picture of the two subspaces of Z in M] We use our map <math display="inline">F</math> to convert these two subspaces to subspaces of <math display="inline">\R^2</math> which are of the form <math display="inline">Y_1 = \{(x,y) \in \R^2 | y \leq \epsilon\}</math> and <math display="inline">Y_0 = \{(x,y) \in \R^2 | y \leq -\epsilon\} \cup \{(x,y) \in \R^2 | x \leq \delta, y \leq \epsilon\}</math>, such that <math display="inline">Z_{\leq \epsilon} = F^{-1}(Y_1)</math> and <math display="inline">Z_{\leq \epsilon} \cup B = F^{-1}(Y_0)</math>.<ref>Goresky and MacPherson 1988, pp. 95-96.</ref> We use a homeomorphism between <math display="inline">Y_1</math> and <math display="inline">Y_0</math> using the technique of "moving the wall" and Thom's Isotopy Lemma. Such a homeomorphism exists when the characteristic covectors of <math display="inline">F</math> are all nonzero on each stratum of <math display="inline">Y_t</math>.<ref>Goresky and MacPherson 1988, chapter 4, particularly pp. 71-72.</ref> Given a smooth mapping between manifolds <math display="inline">F: M \to N</math> (for example, in our case we could have <math display="inline">N = \R^2</math>) and that <math display="inline">F|Z: Z \to N</math> is proper. Let <math display="inline">Y \subset N \times \R</math> be a closed Whitney stratified subset such that the projection to the second factor <math display="inline">\pi: Y \to \R</math> is a proper stratified submersion.<ref>Goresky and MacPherson 1988, pp. 71.</ref> Suppose for each <math display="inline">t \in \R</math>, for each <math display="inline">p \in F(Z) \cap Y_t</math>, and for each nonzero characteristic covector <math display="inline">\lambda \in T^*_pN</math> of <math display="inline">F|Z</math>, the restriction of <math display="inline">\lambda</math> to the subspace <math display="inline">T_pS_t = \ker(d\pi(p)) \cap T_pS</math> is nonzero, where <math display="inline">S</math> is a stratum of <math display="inline">Y</math> which contains <math display="inline">(p, t)</math> and <math display="inline">S_t = \pi^{-1}(t) \cap S</math> is the stratum of <math display="inline">Y_t = \pi^{-1}(t) \cap Y</math> which contains <math display="inline">p</math>. This is equivalent to the statement that, for each <math display="inline">t \in \R</math>, the restriction <math display="inline">F|Z</math> is transverse to <math display="inline">Y_t</math>.<ref>Goresky and MacPherson 1988, pp. 71-72.</ref> This means that, for each <math display="inline">t \in \R</math>, <math display="inline">Z \cap F^{-1}(Y_t)</math> is stratified by its intersection with the strata of <math display="inline">Z</math>... We finally prove there is a homeomorphism between <math display="inline">Z \cap F^{-1}(Y_0) \cong Z \cap F^{-1}(Y_1)</math> which preserves the Whitney stratification of both sides and is smooth on each stratum. For the composition <math display="block">Z \times \R \subset M \times \R \to_{F \times I} Y \subset \R^2 \times \R \to_{\pi} \R</math> where <math display="inline">Y(t, z) = Y_t(z)</math>, <math display="inline">I</math> is the identity and <math display="inline">\pi</math> is projection to the second factor. <math display="inline">Z \times \R</math> is transverse to <math display="inline">(F \times I)^{-1}(Y)</math>... The composition <math display="inline">\pi \circ (F \times I): Z \times \R \cap (F \times I)^{-1}(Y) \to \R</math> is a stratified submersion because * The input domain is stratified as above..., * We have defined <math display="inline">F|Z</math> to be transverse to <math display="inline">Y</math>, and therefore it preserves the stratification (unless <math display="inline">F(Z) \cap Y = \empty</math>), and * We defined above the projection on <math display="inline">Y</math> to be a stratified submersion, meaning it is a submersion on each stratum of <math display="inline">F(Z) \cap Y</math>.<ref>Goresky and MacPherson 1988, pp. 43.</ref> Therefore, we can apply Thom's Isotopy Lemma which says there is a homeomorphism between the level sets of <math display="inline">Z \times \R</math>...<ref>Goresky and MacPherson 1988, pp. 72.</ref> === Step 3 === ==== Characteristic covectors ==== ==== Fringed sets ==== When manipulating our domain of integration[?], we need to make sure we are doing this in regions with no characteristic covectors. The introduce the concept of a fringed set, a subset of <math display="inline">R^2</math>, and construct a series of fringed sets which contain no characteristic covectors. A '''fringed set''' <math display="inline">A \subset \R \times \R^+</math> is an open subset of the first quadrant of <math display="inline">\R^2</math>. <math display="inline">A</math> is fringed over <math display="inline">0 < y \ll x</math> if for some interval <math display="inline">S = (0, x)</math> # the projection of <math display="inline">A</math> to the first factor is equal to <math display="inline">S</math>, # <math display="inline">A</math> is open in <math display="inline">S \times \R^+</math>, # if <math display="inline">(s, y) \in A</math> and <math display="inline">0 < y' \leq y</math> then <math display="inline">(s, y') \in A</math>.<ref>Goresky and MacPherson 1988, pp. 77.</ref> [picture] The fringed set <math display="inline">A^\flat</math> is the set <math display="inline">A</math> plus its reflection about the <math display="inline">x</math> axis.<ref>Goresky and MacPherson 1988, pp. 82.</ref> [picture] We build a series of fringed sets which do not contain characteristic covectors, which will be used later in our proof. There exists a fringed set <math display="inline">A_1</math> such that <math display="inline">(r, f): Z \to \R^2</math> has no characteristic covectors in <math display="inline">A^\flat_1</math>. Given that the set of points <math display="inline">(u, v) \in \R^2</math> which have a nonzero characteristic covector is closed, then it is enough to prove it for points <math display="inline">(u, 0) \in \R^2</math>. Proof by contradiction. Assume it is false and that there is a sequence of points <math display="inline">p_i \in Z \cap f^{-1}(0)</math> converging to <math display="inline">p</math> such that <math display="inline">df(p_i)</math> and <math display="inline">dr(p_i)</math> are linearly dependent when restricted to the stratum <math display="inline">Y</math> which contains <math display="inline">p_i</math>. This would mean that <math display="inline">f</math> has a critical point on <math display="inline">Y \cap \partial B_{\rho(p_i)}(p)</math>.<ref>Goresky and MacPherson 1988, pp. 82-83.</ref> By restricting to a subsequence if necessary, we may assume the points <math display="inline">p_i</math> are all contained in the same stratum <math display="inline">Y</math>, that the tangent planes <math display="inline">T_{p_i}Y</math> converge to some plane <math display="inline">Q</math> and the secant lines <math display="inline">\mathcal{l}_i = \overline{p_i p}</math> converge to some line <math display="inline">\mathcal{l}</math>. By the Whitney conditions [how?], <math display="inline">Q = \lim_{i \to \infty} \mathcal{l}_i \oplus T_{p_i}(Y \cap \partial B_\delta(p))</math>.<ref>Goresky and MacPherson 1988, pp. 83.</ref> For each <math display="inline">i</math>, <math display="inline">f(p_i) = f(p) = v</math>, this means[?] <math display="inline">df(p)(Q) = 0</math>. On the assumption that <math display="inline">df(p)</math> is nondegenerate, we may assume <math display="inline">Y = X</math>, so <math display="inline">\ker d(f|X)(p_i) = T_{p_i}(X \cap \partial B_\delta(p)) = T_{p_i}(X \cap f^{-1}(v))</math>, which converges to a subspace <math display="inline">\tau</math> of <math display="inline">Q = T_pX</math>, perpendicular to <math display="inline">\mathcal{l}</math>. However, as <math display="inline">f^{-1}(v) \cap X</math> satisfies Whitney's conditions, <math display="inline">\mathcal{l} \subset \tau</math>, a contradiction.<ref>Goresky and MacPherson 1988, pp. 83.</ref> There exists a fringed set <math display="inline">A_2</math> of type <math display="inline">0 < v \ll u</math> such that for any <math display="inline">z \in Z</math> such that <math display="inline">r\pi(z) \leq r_2</math>, the map <math display="inline">(\rho, f - f\pi)|\pi^{-1}(\pi(z)): \pi^{-1}(\pi(z)) \to \R^2</math> has no characteristic covectors in <math display="inline">A^\flat_2</math>.<ref>Goresky and MacPherson 1988, pp. 84.</ref> The proof is exactly the same as for <math display="inline">A_1</math>, but we assume for the contradiction that <math display="inline">d\rho</math>, <math display="inline">df</math> and <math display="inline">df\pi</math> are linearly dependent. If <math display="inline">df(p)</math> is a nondegenerate characteristic covector for <math display="inline">Z</math> then it is also a nondegenerate characteristic covector for <math display="inline">Z \cap \pi^{-1}(p)</math>.<ref>Goresky and MacPherson 1988, pp. 84.</ref> For any <math display="inline">a > 0</math> and <math display="inline">b > 0</math> there exists a fringed set <math display="inline">A_3</math> such that whenever <math display="inline">z \in Z</math> satisfies # <math display="inline">(r(z), f(z)) \in A^\flat_3</math>, # <math display="inline">(r\pi(z), f\pi(z)) \in A^\flat_3</math>, # <math display="inline">z \notin X</math>, and # <math display="inline">\pi(z) \neq p</math> then the covectors <math display="inline">ad\rho(z) + bdr\pi(z)</math>, <math display="inline">df(z)</math>, and <math display="inline">df\pi(z)</math> are linearly independent when restricted to the stratum <math display="inline">Y</math> which contains <math display="inline">z</math>.<ref>Goresky and MacPherson 1988, pp. 85.</ref> Proof by contradiction. If we assume not, then by the Whitney conditions the points <math display="inline">z \in Z</math> such that <math display="inline">ad\rho(z) + bdr\pi(z)</math>, <math display="inline">df(z)</math>, and <math display="inline">df\pi(z)</math> are linearly dependent form a close subset of <math display="inline">Z</math>. By Cauchy[?], this means there is a sequence <math display="inline">z_i \in Z</math> which converge to the critical point <math display="inline">p</math> such that <math display="inline">f(z_i) = 0</math> and <math display="inline">f\pi(z_i) = 0</math> and the covectors <math display="inline">ad\rho(z_i) + bdr\pi(z_i)</math>, <math display="inline">df(z_i)</math>, and <math display="inline">df\pi(z_i)</math> are linearly dependent for all <math display="inline">i</math>. By choosing a subsequence if necessary, we may assume that all <math display="inline">z_i</math> lie in the same stratum <math display="inline">Y</math>, that the secant lines <math display="inline">\overline{p z_i}</math> converge to a line <math display="inline">\mathcal{l}</math>, that the tangent planes <math display="inline">T_{z_i}Y</math> converge to some plane <math display="inline">\tau</math>, and that the subspaces <math display="inline">\ker(ad\rho(z_i) + bdr\pi(z_i))</math>, <math display="inline">\ker(df(z_i))</math>, and <math display="inline">\ker(df\pi(z_i))</math> converge to subspaces <math display="inline">A</math>, <math display="inline">B</math>, and <math display="inline">C</math> of <math display="inline">\tau</math>, respectively.<ref>Goresky and MacPherson 1988, pp. 85.</ref> [Necessity of Riemannian metric?] <math display="inline">\mathcal{l}</math> is perpendicular to <math display="inline">A</math>, so <math display="inline">\mathcal{l} \nsubseteq A</math>. But, on the assumption of linear dependence of the covectors, <math display="inline">B + C \subset A</math>, and we show that <math display="inline">\mathcal{l} \subset B</math> and <math display="inline">\mathcal{l} \subset C</math> to prove a contradiction. Let <math display="inline">w = \lim \frac{z_i - p}{|z_i - p|}</math> denote the unit vector in <math display="inline">\mathcal{l}</math>. <math display="inline">df(p)(w) = \lim \frac{f(z_i) - f(p)}{|z_i - p|} = 0</math> [prove this], meaning <math display="inline">\mathcal{l} \subset B</math>.<ref>Goresky and MacPherson 1988, pp. 85.</ref> <math display="block">\begin{align} C &= \lim \ker(df\pi(z_i)) \\ &= \lim d\pi^{-1}(z_i)(\ker(df(\pi(z_i))) \cap T_{\pi(z_i)}X) \\ &= \lim d\pi^{-1}(p)(B \cap T_pX) \end{align}</math> and <math display="block">\ker(d\pi(p)) \cup (B \cap T_pX) \subset \lim d\pi^{-1}(p)(B \cap T_pX).</math> If <math display="inline">\mathcal{l}_A = \lim \overline{z_i \pi(z_i)} \subset A</math> and <math display="inline">\mathcal{l}_B = \lim \overline{\pi(z_i)p} \subset B \cap T_pX</math>, then <math display="inline">\mathcal{l} \subset \mathcal{l}_A \cup \mathcal{l}_B</math> and <math display="inline">\mathcal{l} \subset A \cup (B \cap T_pX) \subset C</math>.<ref>Goresky and MacPherson 1988, pp. 86.</ref> There exists a fringed set <math display="inline">A_4</math> such that for any <math display="inline">z \in Z</math> which satisfies # <math display="inline">(r(z), f(z)) \in A^\flat_4</math> # <math display="inline">(r(z), f\pi(z)) \in A^\flat_4</math> # <math display="inline">z \notin X</math> # <math display="inline">\pi(z) \neq p</math> then the covectors <math display="inline">df</math>, <math display="inline">df\pi</math>, and <math display="inline">dr</math> are linearly independent when restricted to the stratum <math display="inline">Y</math> which contains <math display="inline">z</math>. Moreover, there exists an <math display="inline">r_1 > 0</math> such that for <math display="inline">\delta \leq r_1</math> the projection <math display="inline">(f\pi, f): Z \cap B_\delta(p) \to \R^2</math> has no characteristic covectors in <math display="inline">|f| \leq \epsilon</math>, <math display="inline">|f\pi| \leq \epsilon</math> except for # covectors where <math display="inline">u = v = 0</math>, # where <math display="inline">u = v</math> and <math display="inline">a = b</math>, and # where <math display="inline">u = 0</math> and <math display="inline">du = 0</math>.<ref>Goresky and MacPherson 1988, pp. 86-87.</ref> Given fringed sets <math display="inline">A_2</math> and <math display="inline">A_3</math> (<math display="inline">a = b = 1</math>), fix <math display="inline">v_0 > 0</math> such that <math display="inline">(0, v_0) \in A_2 \cap A_3</math>. For each <math display="inline">v_0 \geq \delta > 0</math> choose <math display="inline">M(\delta)</math> such that <math display="inline">B(\delta) = \{ (u, v) \in \R^2 : \delta/2 \leq u \leq \delta, |v| \leq 2M(\delta) \} \subset A^\flat_2 \cap A^\flat_3</math>. If we define <math display="inline">A_4 = \{ (\delta, \epsilon) \in \R^+ \times \R^+ : \delta \leq v_0, \epsilon \leq M(\delta) \}</math> then it has the desired properties. If <math display="inline">\rho(z) \leq r(z)/2</math>, then <math display="inline">r\pi(z) = r(z) - \rho(z) \geq r(z)/2</math>, <math display="inline">(r\pi(z), f\pi(z)) \in B(r(z)) \subset A^\flat_3</math> and <math display="inline">(r(z), f(z)) \in B(r(z)) \subset A^\flat_3</math>. We have proven above this means the covectors are linearly independent. If <math display="inline">\rho(z) \geq r(z)/2</math> then <math display="inline">(\rho(z), f - f\pi(z)) \in A^\flat_2</math> which also means they are linearly independent.<ref>Goresky and MacPherson 1988, pp. 86.</ref> Let <math display="inline">Y</math> denote the stratum of <math display="inline">Z \cap B_\delta(p)</math> that contains <math display="inline">z</math>. Suppose first that <math display="inline">z</math> is not on the boundary of <math display="inline">B_\delta(p)</math> and it is not in <math display="inline">X</math>. Then, being that <math display="inline">p</math> is an isolated critical point and <math display="inline">df(p)</math> is nondegenerate (meaning it is nonzero on any limit of tangent spaces to strata <math display="inline">Y > X</math>), there is a neighbourhood of <math display="inline">p</math> with the same property. This also implies that <math display="inline">d(f\pi)(z)</math> and <math display="inline">df(z)</math> are also independent provided <math display="inline">\pi(z) \neq p</math>.<ref>Goresky and MacPherson 1988, pp. 87.</ref> For points on the boundary of <math display="inline">B_\delta(p)</math> (if they exist), they satisfy condition 1 and 2 of the fringed set <math display="inline">A_4</math> and, assuming the other two conditions are also true, this means <math display="inline">df(z)</math>, <math display="inline">d(f\pi)(z)</math> and <math display="inline">dr(z)</math> are linearly independent. This means they are also independent when restricted to the tangent space of <math display="inline">B_\delta(p)</math>.<ref>Goresky and MacPherson 1988, pp. 87.</ref> There exists a fringed set <math display="inline">A_6</math> such that, assuming # for fixed <math display="inline">(\delta, \epsilon) \in A_6</math>, # a point <math display="inline">z \in Z</math>, <math display="inline">z \notin X</math> and <math display="inline">\pi(z) \neq p</math>, # <math display="inline">\rho(z) = \delta</math>, # <math display="inline">r\pi(z) = \delta</math>, # <math display="inline">|f(z)| \leq \epsilon</math>, and # <math display="inline">|f\pi(z)| \leq \epsilon</math>, then <math display="inline">d\rho</math>, <math display="inline">dr\pi</math>, <math display="inline">df</math>, and <math display="inline">df\pi</math> are linearly independent when restricted to <math display="inline">T_zY</math> where <math display="inline">Y</math> is the stratum that contains <math display="inline">z</math>.<ref>Goresky and MacPherson 1988, pp. 89.</ref> <math display="inline">A_6 = A_1 \cap A_2</math> has the desired properties. For <math display="inline">z</math> satisfying the assumptions, <math display="inline">(\rho(z), f(z) - f\pi(z)) \in A^\flat_2</math> which implies <math display="inline">d\rho</math>, <math display="inline">df</math>, and <math display="inline">d\pi</math> are independent. <math display="inline">(r\pi(z), f\pi(z)) \in A^\flat_1</math> which implies <math display="inline">dr\pi</math> and <math display="inline">df\pi</math> are independent.<ref>Goresky and MacPherson 1988, pp. 89.</ref> ==== Homeomorphism ==== We prove there is a stratum preserving homeomorphism between<ref>Goresky and MacPherson 1988, pp. 65.</ref> <math display="block">\text{Local Morse Data} \cong (\text{Tangential Morse Data}) \times (\text{Normal Morse Data})</math> We first prove that there is a homeomorphism between the product of the normal and tangential Morse data and the '''realisation''' of the following diagram [diagram from pp. 102] where realisation means <math display="block">Z \cap (g_1, h_1)^{-1}(P_a) \cap (g_2, h_2)^{-1}(P_b)</math> where all the intersections of strata (of <math display="inline">Z</math>?) are transverse.<ref>Goresky and MacPherson 1988, pp. 100-102.</ref> The realisation of the above diagram is equal to <math display="block">(V_1, V_2) \cap (W_1, W_2) = (V_1 \cap W_1, V_1 \cap W_2 \cup V_2 \cap W_1)</math> where <math display="block">V_1 = \{ z \in Z : |f(z) - f\pi(z)| \leq \epsilon/4, r\pi(z) \leq \delta, \rho(z) \leq \delta \}</math> <math display="block">V_2 = \{ z \in Z : f(z) - f\pi(z) = -\epsilon/4, r\pi(z) \leq \delta, \rho(z) \leq \delta \}</math> <math display="block">W_1 = \{ z \in Z : |f\pi(z)| \leq 3\epsilon/4, r\pi(z) \leq \delta \}</math> <math display="block">W_1 = \{ z \in Z : f\pi(z) = -3\epsilon/4, r\pi(z) \leq \delta \}</math> where <math display="inline">\pi</math> is the projection from the tubular neighbourhood to <math display="inline">Z</math>, <math display="inline">r(z)</math> is the square of the distance between <math display="inline">z</math> and the critical point <math display="inline">p</math> and <math display="inline">\rho(z)</math> is the square of the distance between <math display="inline">z</math> and <math display="inline">\pi(z)</math>.<ref>Goresky and MacPherson 1988, pp. 100-101.</ref> <math display="inline">\epsilon \ll \delta</math> are chosen so that <math display="inline">(\delta, \epsilon)</math> is in the set <math display="inline">A^\flat_6</math> which consists of <math display="inline">A_6 \subset \R^+ \times \R^+</math> with the properties that for <math display="inline">(\epsilon, \delta) \in A_6</math> and <math display="inline">z</math> such that <math display="inline">\rho(z) = \delta</math>, <math display="inline">r\pi(z) = \delta</math>, <math display="inline">|f(z)| \leq \epsilon</math> and <math display="inline">|f\pi(z)| \leq \epsilon</math> then the covectors <math display="inline">d\rho(z)</math>, <math display="inline">dr\pi(z)</math>, <math display="inline">df(z)</math> and <math display="inline">df\pi(z)</math> are linearly independent when restricted to <math display="inline">T_zY</math> (where <math display="inline">Y</math> is the stratum containing <math display="inline">z</math>). We can prove such a set exists.<ref>Goresky and MacPherson 1988, pp. 89.</ref> <math display="inline">A^\flat_6</math> is this plus its reflection about the <math display="inline">x</math> axis.<ref>Goresky and MacPherson 1988, pp. 82.</ref> Let <math display="inline">D = \{ x \in X | r(x) \leq \delta \}</math> for stratum <math display="inline">X</math>. We will show there is a local trivial fibration of the configuration: <math display="inline">(V_1, V_2)</math> fibres over <math display="inline">D</math> and is homeomorphic to <math display="inline">D \times (\text{normal Morse data})</math> (V_1, V_2) -> D \times (normal Morse data) | / --> D <--- and that <math display="inline">(W_1, W_2)</math> fibres over the tangential Morse data and is homeomorphic to <math display="inline">(\text{tangential Morse data}) \times (\text{normal slice})</math>. For <math display="inline">Z_1 = \{ z \in Z : r\pi(z) \leq \delta \}</math>, the map <math display="inline">F(z): Z_1 \to \R^2 = (\rho(z), f(z) - f\pi(z))</math> is transverse to each stratum of <math display="inline">\text{Box}(\delta, \epsilon/4)</math>, [list], [by lemma 6.5]. <math display="inline">(V_1, V_2) = F^{-1}(\text{Box}(\delta, \epsilon/4), \text{Bottom}(\delta, \epsilon/4))</math>. For each stratum <math display="inline">S</math> of Box and each <math display="inline">x \in D</math>, we have transverse intersection <math display="inline">F^{-1}(S) \pitchfork \pi^{-1}(x)</math>. Therefore, <math display="inline">\pi|F^{-1}(S)</math> is a submersion and by Thom's isotopy lemma the projection <math display="inline">\pi|F^{-1}(\text{Box}(\delta, \epsilon/4): F^{-1}(\text{Box}(\delta, \epsilon/4)) \to X</math> is a stratified fibre bundle over <math display="inline">D</math>. The fibre over the critical point <math display="inline">p</math> is <math display="inline">\pi^{-1}(p) \cap (F^{-1}(\text{Box}(\delta, \epsilon/4), F^{-1}(\text{Bottom}(\delta, \epsilon/4))</math> and is equal to the normal Morse data...<ref>Goresky and MacPherson 1988, pp. 101.</ref> Take <math display="inline">G: X \to \R^2 = (r(x), f(x))</math>. <math display="inline">\delta</math> and <math display="inline">\epsilon</math> have been chosen so that <math display="inline">(G^{-1}(\text{Box}(\delta, \epsilon/4), G^{-1}(\text{Bottom}(\delta, \epsilon/4))</math> is the tangential Morse data for <math display="inline">f</math> and is contained in the region <math display="inline">D</math> over which <math display="inline">\pi|(V_1, V_2)</math> is a stratified fibre bundle. Therefore, <math display="inline">(W_1, W_2) = \pi^{-1} G^{-1}(\text{Box}(\delta, \epsilon/4), \text{Bottom}(\delta, \epsilon/4))</math> is transverse to <math display="inline">(V_1, V_2)</math>.<ref>Goresky and MacPherson 1988, pp. 101-102.</ref> Finally, this means that <math display="inline">(V_1, V_2) \cap (W_1, W_2)</math> is homeomorphic (by stratum preserving homeomorphism) to <math display="inline">(\pi^{-1}(p), \cap (V_1, V_2)) \times \pi(W_1, W_2)</math>, the product of normal and tangential Morse data.<ref>Goresky and MacPherson 1988, pp. 102.</ref> We use a succession of such diagrams to interpolate between the box diagram which defines local Morse data [explain] and the above diagram whose realisation we have just proven is <math display="inline">(\text{normal Morse data}) \times (\text{tangential Morse data})</math>. [diagram_d0.py] The realisation is the local Morse data. This is equal to the realisation of the diagram below.<ref>Goresky and MacPherson 1988, pp. 103, 106.</ref> [diagram_d11.py] The realisation of the first diagram [d0] is equivalent to the realisation of the below diagram. [diagram_d1.py] In the right-hand picture of the above diagram, we have put a dotted outline around the region <math display="inline">A^{\flat}_1</math>. We prove that there are no characteristic covectors for <math display="inline">(r, f): Z \to \R^2</math> in this region and can, therefore, move the wall in this region...<ref>Goresky and MacPherson 1988, pp. 82-83.</ref> By adding a zero-dimensional stratum at the top right corner of the right-hand picture. A one-parameter family of pictures <math display="inline">P_b(t)</math> gives rise to a stratified space <math display="inline">Y \subset M \times \R</math> such that <math display="block">Y = \{ (z, t) \in M \times \R : (r, f)(z) \in P_b(t) \}.</math> <math display="inline">(r, f)</math> takes each stratum of <math display="inline">Z</math> transversally to each stratum of each <math display="inline">Y_t</math>. <math display="inline">(f \circ \pi, f)^{-1}(P_a) = f^{-1}[-\epsilon, \infty)</math> is transverse to each stratum of <math display="inline">Y_t \cap Z</math>. Therefore, there is a homeomorphism between<ref>Goresky and MacPherson 1988, pp. 107.</ref> <math display="block">Z(D_1) = Z \cap (f \circ \pi, f)^{-1}(P_a) \cap (r, f)^{-1}(P_b(0))</math> and <math display="block">Z(D_1) = Z \cap (f \circ \pi, f)^{-1}(P_a) \cap (r, f)^{-1}(P_b(1)).</math> To go from D_2 to D_3 we find the characteristic covectors of <math display="inline">(f\pi, f): V \to \R^2</math> where <math display="inline">V = (r, f)^{-1}(P_b(1))</math>. We stratify <math display="inline">P_b(1)</math> by its interior <math display="inline">P</math> and boundary <math display="inline">\partial P</math>.<ref>Goresky and MacPherson 1988, pp. 107.</ref> The strata of <math display="inline">V</math> come in four types: # <math display="inline">(r, f)^{-1}(P) \cap X</math> # <math display="inline">(r, f)^{-1}(P) \cap Y</math> # <math display="inline">(r, f)^{-1}(\partial P) \cap X</math> # <math display="inline">(r, f)^{-1}(\partial P) \cap Y</math> where <math display="inline">X</math> is the strata that contains the critical point and <math display="inline">Y</math> is any other strata such that <math display="inline">Y > X</math>. All characteristic covectors are of the form <math display="inline">\lambda = (u, v, adu + bdv) \in T^*\R^2</math>. For strata 1 and 3, the image of <math display="inline">X</math> under <math display="inline">(f\pi, f)</math> is the diagonal <math display="inline">f\pi = f</math> (dotted outline). Therefore, the characteristic covectors of any point <math display="inline">z</math> in <math display="inline">X</math> are either where <math display="inline">z = p</math>, in which case the covector is zero(?), or where <math display="inline">z \neq p</math>, in which case <math display="inline">u = v</math> and <math display="inline">a = b</math>.<ref>Goresky and MacPherson 1988, pp. 107-108.</ref> For strata 2, being that the critical point is isolated and non-degenerate, which means it, and any neighbourhood, is not zero on any limit of tangent spaces in strata <math display="inline">Y > X</math>. Therefore, <math display="inline">f</math> and <math display="inline">f\pi</math> are linearly independent.<ref>Goresky and MacPherson 1988, pp. 84.</ref> Unless <math display="inline">\pi(z) = p</math>, in which case <math display="inline">d(f\pi)(z) = f\pi(z) = 0</math>, so they are covectors where <math display="inline">u = 0</math> and <math display="inline">b = 0</math>.<ref>Goresky and MacPherson 1988, pp. 108.</ref> For strata 4, we can use implicit function theorem to generate local coordinates <math display="inline">y_1, \cdots y_{r-s-1}</math> in <math display="inline">Y > X</math> and define the Riemannian metric <math display="inline">r(z) = r\pi(z) + (f(z) - f\pi(z))^2 + g(y)</math> for some <math display="inline">g</math> depending only on <math display="inline">y</math>. There are no characteristic covectors in <math display="inline">|u| \leq \epsilon</math> and <math display="inline">|v| < \epsilon</math>. By [lemma 6.7 and 6.8 and 8.1(d)] <math display="inline">df</math>, <math display="inline">df\pi</math> and <math display="inline">dr</math> are linearly independent in this region.<ref>Goresky and MacPherson 1988, pp. 109.</ref> Given <math display="inline">|f| \leq \epsilon</math> and <math display="inline">|f\pi| \leq \epsilon</math>, a fringed set <math display="inline">A^\flat_4</math> of type <math display="inline">0 < \epsilon \ll \delta</math> and assume that <math display="inline">\pi \neq p</math> and <math display="inline">z \notin X</math> then <math display="inline">(r(z), f(z)) \in A^\flat_4</math> and <math display="inline">(r(z), f\pi(z)) \in A^\flat_4</math>.<ref>Goresky and MacPherson 1988, pp. 87.</ref> Outside of these points, the slope of <math display="inline">\ker(\lambda)</math> for any characteristic covector <math display="inline">\lambda</math> is <math display="block">\frac{-a}{b} = \frac{f(z) - f\pi(z) - M}{\frac{\alpha}{\beta} + (f(z) - f\pi(z))}</math> where <math display="inline">\alpha df + \beta dr = 0</math> and<ref>Goresky and MacPherson 1988, pp. 108-109.</ref> <math display="block">\frac{1}{M} = \left(\frac{1}{x_i}\right) \left(\frac{\partial F(x)}{\partial x_i}\right).</math> Suppose that <math display="inline"><\alpha df + \beta dr></math> is the subspace of <math display="inline">T^*_pZ</math> spanned by <math display="inline">\alpha df + \beta dr</math>, then we can construct the exact sequence <math display="block">0 \to <\alpha df + \beta dr> \to T^*_pZ \to T^*_pX \to 0</math> where the injection is inclusion[?] and the surjection is restriction. The kernel of the latter is equal to the image of the former. <math display="inline">r(adf + bdf\pi) = 0</math>, which means <math display="inline"><\alpha df + \beta dr> = adf + bdf\pi</math>.<ref>Goresky and MacPherson 1988, pp. 46.</ref> This means <math display="inline">\alpha df + \beta dr</math> is a multiple of <math display="inline">adf + bdf\pi</math>, which we can take to be 1 [how?]. Therefore, <math display="block">\alpha df + \beta (\sum x_i dx_i + (f - f\pi)(df - df\pi) + dg) = adf + bdf\pi.</math> <math display="inline">df\pi = \sum \frac{\partial F}{\partial x_i} dx_i</math> and equating coefficients of <math display="inline">df</math> and <math display="inline">dx_i</math> <math display="block">\begin{align} dg &= 0 \\ \alpha + \beta (f - f\pi) &= b \\ \beta x_i - \beta (f - f\pi) \frac{\partial F}{\partial x_i} &= a \frac{\partial F}{\partial x_i}. \end{align}</math> Dividing the third by the second gives us the theorem.<ref>Goresky and MacPherson 1988, pp. 109.</ref> We consruct a one-parameter family of stratified spaces <math display="block">P_a(t) = \{ (u, v) \in \R^2 | v \geq -\epsilon, (v + \epsilon) \geq (u + 3\epsilon/4) t/(1 - t) \}</math> [picture] This is allowable because <math display="inline">(-3\epsilon/4, -\epsilon)</math> is not a characteristic point and we can prove <math display="inline">M < 0</math> so the slope of the kernel is always positive, whereas our slope is negative.<ref>Goresky and MacPherson 1988, pp. 110.</ref> In local coordinates, <math display="inline">adF(z) + bdr(z) = 0</math> becomes <math display="block">\sum \left( a \frac{\partial F}{\partial x_i}(z) + b \frac{x_i}{r} \right) dx_i = 0.</math> For each <math display="inline">i</math>, <math display="block">\frac{1}{x_i} \left( \frac{\partial F}{\partial x_i} \right)(z) = \frac{-b}{ar}</math> which is negative when <math display="inline">a</math> and <math display="inline">b</math> have the same sign.<ref>Goresky and MacPherson 1988, pp. 57-58.</ref> From <math display="inline">Z(D_3)</math> to <math display="inline">Z(D_4)</math>. Given this one-parameter family of pictures<ref>Goresky and MacPherson 1988, pp. 110.</ref> <math display="block">P_a(t) = \{ (u, v) \in \R^2 | u \geq -3\epsilon/4, u \geq t(u + 3\epsilon/4) - \epsilon \}.</math> [picture] Again, there are no characteristic covectors in the region <math display="inline">|f| < \epsilon</math> and <math display="inline">|f\pi| \leq \epsilon</math>. Since <math display="inline">\alpha \geq 0, \beta \geq 0, f - f\pi < 0, f\pi > 0, M > 0</math>, then the slope of <math display="inline">\ker(\lambda)</math> is negative and, therefore, not in the interval <math display="inline">(0, 1]</math>.<ref>Goresky and MacPherson 1988, pp. 111.</ref> We get from <math display="inline">Z(D_4)</math> to <math display="inline">Z(D_5)</math> by unrounding the corner using the same argument above. <math display="inline">Z(D_5)</math> is identical to <math display="inline">Z(D_6)</math>. For <math display="inline">Z(D_6)</math> to <math display="inline">Z(D_7)</math>, we construct a one-parameter family pictured below [picture] Given <math display="inline">V = (r, f)^{-1}(P_a) = \{ z \in Z | r(z) \leq 2\delta \}</math>, since this is in the region <math display="inline">A_4</math>, there are no characteristic covectors of the map <math display="inline">(f\pi, f): V \to \R^2</math> in the region <math display="inline">|f| \leq \epsilon, |f\pi| \leq \epsilon</math>.<ref>Goresky and MacPherson 1988, pp. 111.</ref> For <math display="inline">Z(D_7)</math> to <math display="inline">Z(D_8)</math>, we use the one-parameter family <math display="block">P_a(t) = \{ (u, v) \in \R^2 | u \geq -3\epsilon/4, u - \epsilon/4 \leq v \leq u, u (v - \epsilon)(t - 1)/t + 3\epsilon/4 \}.</math> As above, <math display="inline">df</math> and <math display="inline">df\pi</math> are linearly independent [link this]. As it is in the region <math display="inline">A_4</math>, then <math display="inline">dr, df, df\pi</math> are linearly independent.<ref>Goresky and MacPherson 1988, pp. 112.</ref> Since <math display="inline">r = \rho + r\pi</math>, <math display="inline">Z(D_8)</math> is identical to <math display="inline">Z(D_9)</math>. For <math display="inline">Z(D_9)</math> to <math display="inline">Z(D_10)</math>, add a fake zero-dimensional stratum <math display="inline">(\delta, \delta) \in \R</math> to the second picture of <math display="inline">D_9</math>. This is in the region <math display="inline">A_6</math>, so <math display="inline">df, df\pi, d\rho</math> are linearly independent. Construct the one-parameter family <math display="block">P_a(t) = \{ (u, v) \in \R^2 | v \leq 2\delta - u, v \leq (t - 1)(u - \delta) + \delta \}.</math> [picture] This is also in the region <math display="inline">A_6</math>, so <math display="inline">df, df\pi, ad\rho + bdr\pi</math> are linearly independent.<ref>Goresky and MacPherson 1988, pp. 112.</ref> For <math display="inline">Z(D_10)</math> to <math display="inline">Z(D_11)</math>, the one-parameter family <math display="block">P_a(t) = \{ (u, v) \in \R^2 | v \leq \delta/2, u \leq (t - 1)(v - \delta/2) + \delta/2 \}</math> [picture] This is in the region <math display="inline">A_5</math>, so <math display="inline">df, df\pi, ad\rho + bdr\pi</math> are linearly independent.<ref>Goresky and MacPherson 1988, pp. 112-113.</ref> == Morse theory == Steps(?) * Explain topology * Every point of a stratum is locally like a product structure (proved by Thom's Isotopy Lemma) [GM pp. 41-42] ** Including those around critical points, which are the product of normal and tangential Morse data (these are our quasi-local cycles?) * Thom's Isotopy Lemma proves a strong deformation retraction (which only stops at critical points) [PWM pp. 541-542] === Homotopy === We want to replace our domain of convergence <math display="inline">M</math>, which is the complement of our singular variety <math display="inline">\mathcal{V}</math>, with an "equivalent" space <math display="inline">M'</math> which has better understood properties. We say "equivalent" because there are several different things we could mean by "equivalent" in this context. The equivalence we are referring to in this section is called '''homotopy'''. Imagine two subspaces <math display="inline">\gamma_0</math> and <math display="inline">\gamma_1</math> of a space <math display="inline">Y</math> which are defined respectively by smooth functions <math display="inline">f, g: X \to Y</math>. If there exists a smooth function <math display="inline">h_s: X \times [0, 1] \to Y</math>, called a homotopy, such that <math display="inline">h_0 = f</math>, <math display="inline">h_1 = g</math> and for any <math display="inline">\epsilon > 0</math> there exists a <math display="inline">\delta_a</math> and <math display="inline">\delta_b</math> such that when <math display="inline">|s - s_0| < \delta_a</math> and <math display="inline">|x - x_0| < \delta_b</math> we have <math display="inline">|h_s(x) - h_{s_0}(x_0)| < \epsilon</math>, then we say <math display="inline">\gamma_0</math> and <math display="inline">\gamma_1</math> are '''homotopic'''.<ref>Henle 1979, pp. 251-252.</ref> Below is an example where <math display="inline">\gamma_0</math> and <math display="inline">\gamma_1</math> are one-dimensional curves and <math display="inline">H(t, s) = h_s(t)</math>. [[File:Homotopy_curves.png|300px]] In [[#Homotopy_equivalence|Appendix A]], we formally prove that we can construct an equivalent space <math display="inline">M'</math>. We provide only an example to give some intuition before describing how to construct the space <math display="inline">M'</math> in terms of local cycles around critical points. === Motivating example === Imagine a torus and a height function which is just the z value of the point. [[File:3D-Leveltorus.png|200px]] It has four critical points: two at the top and bottom of the outer circle (<math display="inline">p_1, p_4</math>) and two at the top and bottom of the inner circle (<math display="inline">p_2, p_3</math>). [picture] When the height is between the <math display="inline">p_1</math> and <math display="inline">p_2</math>, the space is a two-cell, which can be retracted to a point. [picture] When the height is between <math display="inline">p_2</math> and <math display="inline">p_3</math>, the space is a cylinder, which can be retracted to a two-cell with a one-cell attached. [[File:3D-Cylinder_and_disk_with_handle.png|200px]] When the height is between <math display="inline">p_3</math> and <math display="inline">p_4</math>, the space is a torus with a disc removed, which can be retracted to a cylinder with a one-cell attached. [[File:3D-Cylinder_with_handle_and_torus_with_hole.png|200px]] When the height is greater than <math display="inline">p_4</math>, then the full torus is constructed by attaching a two-cell. [Explain in terms of Morse data and Morse index?] === Morse data and quasi-local cycles === As in the above example, we start at the "bottom" of <math display="inline">M</math> and build upwards until just before we reach our first critical point <math display="inline">p</math>. ;Smooth points :This is a tube around a <math display="inline">(d-1)</math>-chain <math display="inline">\gamma</math> where the height function <math display="inline">h</math> is maximised at <math display="inline">p</math>.<ref>Pemantle, Wilson and Melczer 2024, pp. 223.</ref> :For example, if <math display="inline">F(x, y) = \frac{1}{1 - x - y}</math> then <math display="inline">\lambda = 1</math> and <math display="inline">B^\lambda</math> is an arc reaching its highest point at <math display="inline">p</math>. :The normal plane <math display="inline">N</math> at <math display="inline">p</math> is a plane orthogonal to <math display="inline">B^1</math>(?). :Its normal link <math display="inline">L(S)</math> is a circle with two points missing where it intersects <math display="inline">\mathcal{V}</math>. :We make our quasi-local cycle out of the product of the arc and circle joined to <math display="inline">M_-</math> at points below <math display="inline">M_-</math>. :With the exception of degenerate points, such as monkey saddles...<ref>e.g. Pemantle, Wilson and Melczer 2024, pp. 211.</ref> ;Transverse multiple points :This is the product of a <math display="inline">k</math>-torus and a <math display="inline">(d-k)</math>-chain <math display="inline">\gamma</math>. The torus is the product of circles about <math display="inline">p</math> in the complex normal space to each strata which intersects <math display="inline">p</math>. The chain <math display="inline">\gamma</math> is supported in the stratum which is the common intersection of the varieties defined by the factors vanishing at <math display="inline">p</math>, and achieves its maximum height at <math display="inline">p</math>.<ref>Pemantle, Wilson and Melczer 2024, pp. 223-224.</ref> ;Arrangement multiple point :This is the product of a <math display="inline">(d-k)</math>-chain <math display="inline">\gamma</math> and several <math display="inline">k</math>-tori, one for each pair of sheets which intersect transversely, where the torus is the product of circles about <math display="inline">p</math> in each sheet.<ref>Pemantle, Wilson and Melczer 2024, pp. 226.</ref> ;Cone point :A cone point is zero-dimensional so there is no <math display="inline">\gamma</math>, just a <math display="inline">d</math>-torus about <math display="inline">p</math>.<ref>Pemantle, Wilson and Melczer 2024, pp. 227.</ref> == Notes == {{Reflist}} == References == * {{cite book | last1=Goresky | first1=Mark | last2=MacPherson | first2=Robert | title=Stratified Morse Theory | publisher=Springer-Verlag | year=1988 | url=https://www.math.ias.edu/~goresky/pdf/SMT.djvu }} * {{cite book | last=Henle | first1=Michael | title=A Combinatorial Introduction to Topology | publisher=Dover Publications Inc. New York | year=1979 }} * {{citation | last=Mather | first=John | title=Notes on Topological Stability | year=2012 | journal=Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society | volume=49 | number=4 | pages=475-506 | url=https://www.ams.org/journals/bull/2012-49-04/S0273-0979-2012-01383-6/S0273-0979-2012-01383-6.pdf }}. * {{cite book | last1=Pemantle | first1=Robin | last2=Wilson | first2=Mark C. | last3=Melczer | first3=Stephen | title=Analytic Combinatorics in Several Variables | publisher=Cambridge University Press | year=2024 | edition=2nd | url=https://acsvproject.com/PemantleWilsonMelczer23.pdf }} 7nl0a4kje2f0i9cwlvvg42nirkml1sv 4679448 4679436 2026-11-01T11:52:00Z Dom walden 3209423 /* Step 1: Construct control data */ 4679448 wikitext text/x-wiki == Introduction == Morse theory tells us that the topology of M only changes at its critical points. The "Morse data" tells us the topology at each critical point. Attaching this Morse data together gives us a space which is homopotically eqivalent to M. This space is a "cell complex", which has an easy to calculate homology. Theorem: Our domain of convergence is homotopic to a cell complex of dimension at most <math display="inline">2n - d - 1</math>.<ref>This is theorem D.23 in Pemantle, Wilson and Melczer 2024, pp. 546. Also theorem in section 1.2*/5.2* in SMT pp. 200.</ref> Proof: # <math display="inline">X</math> is our entire domain, <math display="inline">\mathcal{V}</math> our variety # Project our entire domain to complex projective space <math display="inline">Z = \pi(X) \subset \C\mathbb{P}^n - H</math> [define H] # Define a linear subspace <math display="inline">G \subset \C\mathbb{P}^n</math> of dimension <math display="inline">d - 1</math> # Define a Morse function on <math display="inline">f: \C\mathbb{P}^n \to \R</math> which approximates the distance from <math display="inline">G</math> and such that <math display="inline">f^{-1}(0) = G</math> and <math display="inline">f^{-1}(1) = H</math> # We "build" <math display="inline">X - \mathcal{V}</math> from <math display="inline">\pi^{-1}(G \cap Z) \cap (X - \mathcal{V})</math> by attaching CW complexes at critical points which are of at most dimension <math display="inline">2n - d - 1</math> # At a critical point, the normal Morse data is <math display="inline">(J, K) = \coprod_x (J_x, K_x)</math> and the relative complex link is <math display="inline">\mathcal{L}^\pi = \coprod_x \mathcal{L}_x</math> # We show that the quotient <math display="inline">J_x/K_x</math> is homotopic to a CW complex of dimension <math display="inline">\leq 2n - d - 1</math> # The neighbourhood of <math display="inline">x</math> in <math display="inline">J_x</math> is homeomorphic to the cone in <math display="inline">L_x(X - \mathcal{V})</math>, and removing the point <math display="inline">x</math> increases the homotopy dimension to at most the homotopy dimension of <math display="inline">L_x</math> # <math display="inline">(J_x \cup \{x\}, K_x)</math> is homotopic to <math display="inline">(\text{cone}(\mathcal{L}_x), \mathcal{L}_x)</math> # <math display="inline">\mathcal{L}_x</math> is homotopic to a CW complex of dimension at most <math display="inline">2n - d - 1</math> # The tangential Morse data at the critical point is homotopic to the pair <math display="inline">(D^\lambda, \partial D^\lambda)</math> # Therefore, at each critical point a space has been added homotopic to a CW complex of dimension at most <math display="inline">2n - d - 1</math>. Theorem: If <math display="inline">X</math> is the complement in <math display="inline">\C^n</math> of a complex variety <math display="inline">\mathcal{V}</math> of dimension <math display="inline">d</math> then <math display="inline">X</math> is homotopic to a CW complex of dimension at most <math display="inline">2n - d - 1</math>.<ref>Pemantle, Wilson and Melczer 2024, pp. 546.</ref> Proof: # We build <math display="inline">X</math> by attaching cells of dimension at most <math display="inline">2n - d - 1</math> at each critical point. ## Prove that we can do this without changing the homotopy(?) ## We use Thom's Isotopy Lemma to prove that there is a strong deformation retraction, stopping only at critical points. # Prove these cells are a product of the normal and tangential Morse data. ## Normal data: <math display="inline">(\mathcal{L}(S), \partial \mathcal{L}(S)) \times (D^1, \partial D^1)</math> [GM pp. 18] ## Tangential data: <math display="inline">(B_\delta \cap f^{-1}[v - \epsilon, v + \epsilon], B_\delta \cap f^{-1}(v - \epsilon))</math> for <math display="inline">f</math> restricted to <math display="inline">X</math> (or <math display="inline">\mathcal{V}</math>?) [GM pp. 63-64] # If <math display="inline">k</math> is the dimension of the strata, then ## If <math display="inline">k = d</math> then it is a smooth point and the cell is the product of <math display="inline">S^{2(n-d)-1}</math> and the tangential data is dimension at most <math display="inline">d</math>. ## If <math display="inline">k < d</math>, ... <ref>Pemantle, Wilson and Melczer 2024, pp. 547.</ref> == Example in one dimension == Domain with singularities v_1, v_2, ..., v_i Define our height function f... Start with our entire domain X Reduce from X to X_i+ by using Thom's Isotopy lemma to do a strong deformation retract == Thom's isotopy lemma == We present a modified version of Thom's first isotopy lemma, less general than the original but more obviously relevant to our situation. === Theorem === Suppose <math display="inline">Z</math> is a closed subset of a smooth manifold <math display="inline">M</math> which admits a Whitney stratification and <math display="inline">h : M \to \R</math> is a proper[?] Morse function which has no critical values on <math display="inline">Z</math>. Then, the level sets of <math display="inline">Z</math> are homeomorphic by a homeomorphism that preserves the strata of <math display="inline">Z</math>.<ref>For various versions of the full statement of the theorem, see Mather 2012, pp. 499, Goresky and MacPherson 1988, pp. 41, or Pemantle, Wilson and Melczer 2024, pp. 541.</ref> === Proof === # Construct '''control data''' for <math display="inline">Z</math> compatible with <math display="inline">h</math>. # The control data makes <math display="inline">Z</math> an '''abstract stratified set''' and <math display="inline">h</math> a '''controlled submersion'''. # A controlled submersion has, for any smooth vector field on <math display="inline">\R</math>, a '''controlled vector field''' on <math display="inline">Z</math>. # A controlled vector field has a unique '''one-parameter family of homeomorphisms''' of <math display="inline">Z</math> which commute with <math display="inline">h</math>. # This makes <math display="inline">h</math> a locally trivial fibration. [Prop 10.2]<ref>Mather 2012, pp. 499.</ref> ==== Step 1: Construct control data ==== A system of '''control data''' for <math display="inline">Z</math> consists of, for each stratum <math display="inline">X</math> of <math display="inline">Z</math>, * a '''tubular neighbourhood''' <math display="inline">T_X</math> of <math display="inline">X</math> * a '''tubular projection function''' <math display="inline">\pi_X: T_X \to X</math>, and * a '''tubular distance function''' <math display="inline">\rho_X: T_X \to \R</math> such that <math display="inline">\rho_X^{-1}(0) = X</math> such that if <math display="inline">X < Y</math> are strata in <math display="inline">Z</math>, then <math display="block">\pi_X(\pi_Y(m)) = \pi_X(m),</math> <math display="block">\rho_X(\pi_Y(m)) = \rho_X(m)</math> for all <math display="inline">m \in |T_X| \cap |T_Y|</math> such that <math display="inline">\pi_Y(m) \in |T_X|</math>.<ref>Goresky and MacPherson 1988, pp. 42.</ref> [tubular_neighbourhood.py] If, for all strata <math display="inline">X</math> and all <math display="inline">m \in |T_X|</math>, we have <math display="inline">h \pi_X(m) = h(m)</math>, then this control data will be said to be compatible with <math display="inline">h</math>.<ref>Mather 2012, pp. 488.</ref> We prove that if <math display="inline">h</math> is smooth on <math display="inline">Z</math> and is a submersion for each strata then there exists a family of control data for <math display="inline">Z</math> compatible with <math display="inline">h</math>.<ref>Mather 2012, pp. 488, prop 7.1.</ref> Let <math display="inline">Z_k</math> be the union of strata of <math display="inline">Z</math> of dimension less than <math display="inline">k</math>. We prove by induction on <math display="inline">k</math>. To construct the tubular neighbourhood <math display="inline">T_X</math> of a stratum <math display="inline">X</math> of dimension less than <math display="inline">k</math>. For <math display="inline">l \leq k</math>, let <math display="inline">U_l</math> denote the union of all <math display="inline">|T_Y|</math> for <math display="inline">Y < X</math> and <math display="inline">\dim Y \geq l</math>. Let <math display="inline">X_l = U_l \cap X</math>.<ref>Mather 2012, pp. 489.</ref> For <math display="inline">l = k</math>, <math display="inline">X_k = \empty</math>. Assume by induction that <math display="inline">T_{l+1}</math> has been constructed and that if <math display="inline">Y < X</math>, <math display="inline">\dim Y \geq l + 1</math>, <math display="inline">m \in |T_{l+1}| \cap |T_Y|</math> and <math display="inline">\pi_{l+1}(m) \in |T_Y|</math> (<math display="inline">\pi_{l+1} = \pi_{T_{l+1}}</math>) then<ref>Mather 2012, pp. 489-490.</ref> <math display="block">\rho_Y \pi_{l+1}(m) = \rho_Y(m),</math> <math display="block">\pi_Y \pi_{l+1}(m) = \pi_Y(m).</math> We wish to construct a tubular neighbourhood <math display="inline">T_{X,Y}</math> of <math display="inline">|T_Y| \cap X</math> whose restriction to <math display="inline">|T_Y| \cap X_{l+1}</math> is isomorphic to the restriction of <math display="inline">T_{l+1}</math> such that if <math display="inline">m \in |T_{X,Y}| \cap |T_Y|</math> and <math display="inline">\pi_{X,Y}(m) \in |T_Y|</math> (<math display="inline">\pi_{X,Y} = \pi_{T_{X,Y}}</math>) then <math display="block">\rho_Y \pi_{X,Y}(m) = \rho_Y(m),</math> <math display="block">\pi_Y \pi_{X,Y}(m) = \pi_Y(m).</math> By shrinking <math display="inline">|T_Y|</math> if necessary, this relation is already satisfied if <math display="inline">m \in |T_{l+1}| \cap |T_Y|</math> and <math display="inline">\pi_{l+1}(m) \in |T_Y|</math> with <math display="inline">T_{l+1}</math> in place of <math display="inline">T_{X,Y}</math> and <math display="inline">\pi_{l+1}</math> in place of <math display="inline">\pi_{X,Y}</math>. By the definition, if <math display="inline">m \in |T_{l+1}|</math> then there exists <math display="inline">Z < X</math> with <math display="inline">\dim Z > l</math>, <math display="inline">m \in |T_Z|</math> and <math display="inline">\pi_{l+1}(m) \in |T_Z|</math>. We have that <math display="inline">\pi_{l+1}(m) \in |T_Y| \cap |T_Z|</math> and therefore <math display="inline">Y < Z</math>. Therefore<ref>Mather 2012, pp. 490.</ref> <math display="block">\rho_Y \pi_{l+1}(m) = \rho_Y \pi_Z \pi_{l+1}(m) = \rho_Y \pi_Z(m) = \rho_Y(m),</math> <math display="block">\pi_Y \pi_{l+1}(m) = \pi_Y \pi_Z \pi_{l+1}(m) = \pi_Y \pi_Z(m) = \pi_Y(m).</math> We can prove that, by shrinking <math display="inline">|T_Y|</math>, <math display="inline">(\rho_Y, \pi_Y): |T_Y| \cap X \to \R \times Y</math> is a submersion [prop 7.3?] and that <math display="inline">T_{X,Y}</math> is compatible with <math display="inline">(\rho_Y, \pi_Y): |T_Y| \cap X_{l+1} \to \R \times Y</math>, i.e. <math display="inline">(\rho_Y, \pi_Y) \pi_{X,Y}(m) = (\rho_Y, \pi_Y)(m)</math>(?). To prove it is a submersion, for the tubular neighbourhood <math display="inline">T = (E, \epsilon, \psi)</math> there exists a smooth positive function <math display="inline">\epsilon'</math> such that <math display="block">(\rho_T, \pi_T): Y \cap |T|_{\epsilon'}^0 \to \R \times X,</math> where <math display="inline">|T|_{\epsilon'}^0 = \psi(B_\epsilon \cap B_{\epsilon'})</math>, is a submersion. If <math display="inline">\Sigma</math> is the set <math display="inline">y \in |T|</math> such that the rank of <math display="block">(\rho_T, \pi_T): T \cap |T| \to \R \times X</math> at <math display="inline">y</math> is less than <math display="inline">\dim(\R \times X)</math>. We need to prove that for any <math display="inline">x \in X</math> there exists a neighbourhood of <math display="inline">x</math> which does not intersect with <math display="inline">\Sigma</math>, i.e. the map is not a submersion in this neighbourhood. It follows from [lemma 7.2] that it is enough to prove for <math display="inline">M = \R^m</math>, <math display="inline">X = \R^{m-c} \times 0_c</math> and <math display="inline">T</math> is the '''standard tubular neighbourhood'''.<ref>Mather 2012, pp. 489.</ref> By standard tubular neighbourhood, we mean the trivial bundle with base <math display="inline">\R^{m-c}</math> and fibre <math display="inline">\R^c</math> where <math display="inline">\pi: \R^m \to \R^{m-c}</math>...<ref>Mather 2012, pp. 488.</ref> For <math display="inline">y \in |T| - \R^{m-c}</math>, the kernal of the differential of <math display="inline">(\pi_T, \rho_T)</math> at <math display="inline">y</math> is the orthogonal complement of <math display="inline">(\R^{m-c} \times 0_c) \oplus \stackrel{\frown}{y \pi_T(y)}</math> in <math display="inline">\R^m</math>. By the Whitney conditions, we have that for <math display="inline">y</math> near <math display="inline">\R^{m-c}</math>, <math display="inline">(\R^{m-c} \times 0_c) \oplus \stackrel{\frown}{y \pi_T(y)}</math> is close to the set of <math display="inline">m - c + 1</math> planes in <math display="inline">m-</math>space to an <math display="inline">m - c + 1</math> plane in <math display="inline">TY_y</math>. Therefore, for <math display="inline">y</math> near enough to <math display="inline">\R^{m-c}</math>, <math display="inline">TY_y</math> is transverse to the kernal of the differential of <math display="inline">(\pi_T, \rho_T)</math> and, therefore, is a submersion when restricted to <math display="inline">Y</math>.<ref>Mather 2012, pp. 489.</ref> To prove that <math display="inline">T_{X,Y}</math> is compatible with <math display="inline">(\rho_Y, \pi_Y): |T_Y| \cap X_{l+1} \to \R \times Y</math>...<ref>Mather 2012, pp. 490.</ref> Therefore, there exists a tubular neighbourhood <math display="inline">T_0</math> of <math display="inline">X_0</math> satisfying <math display="block">\rho_Y \pi_0(m) = \rho_Y(m),</math> <math display="block">\pi_Y \pi_0(m) = \pi_Y(m).</math> From this we can prove that <math display="inline">T_0</math> is compatible with <math display="inline">h</math>. Replacing <math display="inline">T_0</math> with a smaller tubular neighbourhood if necessary we can assume <math display="inline">m \in |T_0|</math> such that for some <math display="inline">Y < X</math>, <math display="inline">m \in |T_Y|</math> and <math display="inline">\pi_0(m) \in |T_Y|</math>, then<ref>Mather 2012, pp. 490.</ref> <math display="block">h \pi_0(m) = h \pi_Y \pi_0(m) = h \pi_Y(m) = h(m).</math> By the generalised tubular neighourhood theorem [prop 7.2?], we can replace <math display="inline">T_0</math> with a tubular neighbourhood <math display="inline">T</math> of <math display="inline">X</math> compatible with <math display="inline">h</math>. This completes the construction of <math display="inline">T_X</math>.<ref>Mather 2012, pp. 491.</ref> ==== Step 2: Abstract stratified set ==== This makes <math display="inline">Z</math> an '''abstract stratified set''' with axioms...<ref>Mather 2012, pp. 491-492.</ref> ==== Step 3: Controlled vector field ==== This also makes <math display="inline">h</math> a '''controlled submersion''' because # <math display="inline">h|X: X \to \R</math> is a smooth submersion on each strata <math display="inline">X</math> of <math display="inline">Z</math>, and # for each stratum <math display="inline">X</math> there is a tubular neighbourhood <math display="inline">T'_X</math> such that <math display="inline">h(v) = h \pi_X(v)</math> for all <math display="inline">v \in T'_X</math>.<ref>Mather 2012, pp. 493.</ref> The core of this is the concept of a '''vector field'''. A vector field is a function which assigns, for each point <math display="inline">p</math> in a space, a '''vector''', which can be represented by an arrow whose tail starts at <math display="inline">p</math>.<ref>Henle 1979, pp. 33.</ref> [picture] Imagine we have a vector field <math display="inline">v(x)</math> defined in a space and draw a line through our space. At each point along this line the vector field assigns a vector. If we move each point in this line along the arrow defined by this vector in the direction of the arrow head. This "flows" the entire line along the vectors. [picture] We define a '''stratified vector field''' <math display="inline">\eta</math> on <math display="inline">Z</math> to be a family of smooth vector fields <math display="inline">\eta_X</math>, one for each strata <math display="inline">X</math> of <math display="inline">Z</math>.<ref>Mather 2012, pp. 493.</ref> We define a '''controlled vector field''' <math display="inline">\eta</math> on <math display="inline">Z</math> to be a stratified vector field such that for any strata <math display="inline">Y</math> there exists a tubular neighbourhood <math display="inline">T'_Y</math> such that for any <math display="inline">X > Y</math> and any <math display="inline">v \in T'_X \cap X</math><ref>Mather 2012, pp. 493.</ref> <math display="block">\eta_X \rho_{Y,X}(v) = 0,</math> <math display="block">(\pi_{Y,X})_* \eta_X(v) = \eta_Y (\pi_{Y,X}(v)).</math> We prove that if <math display="inline">h</math> is a controlled submersion then, for any smooth vector field <math display="inline">\zeta</math> on <math display="inline">\R</math> there is a controlled vector field <math display="inline">\eta</math> on <math display="inline">Z</math> such that <math display="inline">h_* \eta(v) = \zeta(h(v))</math> for all <math display="inline">v \in Z</math>.<ref>Mather 2012, pp. 493.</ref> Proceeding by induction on the maximum dimension of the strata of <math display="inline">Z</math>, we define <math display="inline">Z_k</math> to be the union of strata of <math display="inline">Z</math> of dimension at most <math display="inline">k</math>. The tubular neighbourhood of <math display="inline">Z_k</math> is the intersection of the tubular neighbourhoods of each strata in <math display="inline">Z_k</math> with <math display="inline">Z</math>. The projection and distance functions are the restrictions of the respective functions of <math display="inline">Z</math>. It is trivially true when the maximum dimension of strata in <math display="inline">Z</math> is zero. Assume it is true for <math display="inline">k</math> and construct each <math display="inline">\eta_X</math> separately for each stratum <math display="inline">X</math> of dimension <math display="inline">k + 1</math>. By the assumption that we have controlled vector fields for all strata <math display="inline">Y</math> of dimension at most <math display="inline">k</math>, we have the two control conditions defined above for any <math display="inline">X > Y</math> and that there is a neighbourhood <math display="inline">T^1_Y</math> such that <math display="inline">h(v) = h \pi_Y(v)</math> for <math display="inline">v \in T^1_Y</math>. We want to prove that for all <math display="inline">Y < X</math>, the control conditions are satisfied for all <math display="inline">v \in T^2_Y</math> and that <math display="inline">h_*\eta_X(v) = \zeta(v)</math> for all <math display="inline">v \in X</math>. Take a point <math display="inline">x \in X</math> and define the set <math display="inline">S_v</math> of strata <math display="inline">Y < X</math> such that <math display="inline">v \in T^2_Y</math>. <math display="inline">S_v</math> is totally ordered since if <math display="inline">Y_1</math> and <math display="inline">Y_2</math> are not comparable then <math display="inline">T^2_{Y_1} \cap T^2_{Y_2} = \empty</math>. Therefore, there is a largest member <math display="inline">Y = Y_v</math>. Assume the control conditions hold for <math display="inline">Y = Y_v</math>. Then they hold for all <math display="inline">Y_i \in S_v</math>. For, either <math display="inline">Y_i = Y</math> or <math display="inline">Y_i < Y</math>. In the latter case, <math display="inline">\pi_Y(v) \in T^1_{Y_i}</math> (by the choice of <math display="inline">T^2_Y</math>'s [is this why?]. Then <math display="block">\begin{align} \eta_X(v) \rho_{Y_i,X}(v) &= \eta_X \rho_{Y_i,Y} \pi_{Y,X}(v) \\ &= (\pi_{Y,X})_* \eta_X(v) \rho_{Y_i,Y} \\ &= \eta_Y(\pi_{Y,X}(v)) \rho_{Y_i,Y} \\ &= 0 \end{align}</math> and <math display="block">\begin{align} (\pi_{Y_i,X})_* \eta_X(v) &= (\pi_{Y_i,Y})_* (\pi_{Y,X})_* \eta_X(v) \\ &= (\pi_{Y_i,Y})_* \eta_Y(v) (\pi_{Y,X}) \\ &= \eta_{Y_i}(\pi_{Y_i,Y} \pi_{Y,X}(v)) \\ &= \eta_{Y_i}(\pi_{Y_i,X}(v)) \end{align}</math> and, therefore, condition holds for all <math display="inline">Y_i \in S_v</math>. Also, <math display="block">\begin{align} h_* \eta_X(v) &= (h \circ \pi_{Y,X})_* \eta_X(v) \\ &= h_* \eta_Y (\pi_{Y,X}(v)) \\ &= \zeta(f(v)) \end{align}</math> and, therefore, the conclusion of the theorem holds at <math display="inline">v</math>. This shows we can construct <math display="inline">\eta_X</math> satisfying the control conditions when <math display="inline">S_v</math> is non-empty and satisfying the theorem when <math display="inline">S_v</math> is empty. The set of vectors satisfying these conditions is convex in <math display="inline">TX_v</math>, and so we construct <math display="inline">\eta_X</math> globally via a partition of unity.<ref>Mather 2012, pp. 493-495.</ref> ==== Step 4: One-parameter family of homeomorphisms ==== Finally, we prove that a controlled vector field has a unique one-parameter family of homeomorphisms of <math display="inline">Z</math> which commute with <math display="inline">h</math>.<ref>Mather 2012, this combines Proposition 10.1 and Corollary 10.2 on pp. 496 and 497, respectively.</ref> For each stratum <math display="inline">X</math> of <math display="inline">Z</math>, <math display="inline">\eta_X</math> generates a unique smooth local one-parameter group <math display="inline">(J_X, \alpha_X)</math> of diffeomorphisms of <math display="inline">X</math> (by standard results of differential geometry), such that <math display="inline">\frac{d}{dt} \alpha(t, v)|_{t=0} = \eta_X(v)</math>, <math display="inline">J_X</math> is an open subset of <math display="inline">\R \times Z</math>, ... If we define <math display="inline">(J, \alpha)</math> by <math display="block">J = \bigcup_{X \in S} J_X</math> <math display="block">\alpha = \bigcup_{X \in S} \alpha_X</math> we can prove that this is a local one-parameter family of homeomorphisms.<ref>Mather 2012, pp. 496.</ref> Firstly, it is clear that # <math display="inline">0 \times Z \subseteq J</math> and <math display="inline">\alpha(0, v) = v</math> for all <math display="inline">v \in Z</math>. # If <math display="inline">v \in Z</math> then <math display="inline">J_v = J \cap (\R \times v) \subseteq \R</math> is an open interval <math display="inline">(a_v, b_v)</math>, possibly infinite at one or both ends. # If <math display="inline">v \in Z</math> and <math display="inline">t, s, t + s</math> are in <math display="inline">(a_v, b_v)</math> then <math display="inline">\alpha(t + s, v) = \alpha(t, \alpha(s, v))</math>.<ref>Mather 2012, pp. 495.</ref> Secondly, it is clear that <math display="inline">\eta</math> generates <math display="inline">\alpha</math> because # Each stratum <math display="inline">X</math> of <math display="inline">Z</math> is invariant under <math display="inline">\alpha</math>, i.e. <math display="inline">\alpha[J \cap (\R \times X)] \subseteq X</math>. # For each <math display="inline">v \in Z</math>, the map <math display="inline">t \to \alpha(t, v)</math> of <math display="inline">(a_v, b_v)</math> into the stratum which contains <math display="inline">v</math> is <math display="inline">C^1</math>. # For any <math display="inline">(t, v) \in Z</math>(?) we have <math display="inline">d/dt \alpha(t, v) = \eta(\alpha(t, v))</math>.<ref>Mather 2012, pp. 495.</ref> It is unique because each <math display="inline">(J_X, \alpha_X)</math> is unique. We just need to prove that <math display="inline">J</math> is open, <math display="inline">\alpha</math> is continuous, and for any <math display="inline">v \in Z</math> and any compact set <math display="inline">K \subseteq Z</math> there exists <math display="inline">\epsilon > 0</math> such that <math display="inline">\alpha(t, v) \notin K</math> if <math display="inline">t \in (a_v, a_v + \epsilon) \cup (b_v - \epsilon, b_v)</math>.<ref>Mather 2012, pp. 495.</ref> For the latter-most condition, if it did not hold then there exists...<ref>Mather 2012, pp. 496-497.</ref> We prove there is a homeomorphism <math display="inline">f: Z \to h^{-1}(0) \times \R</math> such that <math display="inline">\pi \circ f = h</math>, where <math display="inline">\pi: h^{-1}(0) \times \R \to \R</math> is projection to the second factor. For the coordinate vector field <math display="inline">\partial</math> on <math display="inline">\R</math>, by [prop 9.1] there is a controlled vector field <math display="inline">\tilde\partial</math> such that <math display="inline">f_* \tilde\partial(v) = \partial(h(v))</math> for <math display="inline">v \in Z</math>. By [prop 10.1], <math display="inline">\tilde\partial</math> generates a local one-parameter group <math display="inline">(J, \alpha)</math> such that <math display="block">h(\alpha(t,v)) = h(v) + t</math> <math display="inline">h</math> is proper and [d] holds, so <math display="inline">J = \R \times Z</math>. If we define <math display="inline">f</math> as <math display="block">f(v) = (\alpha(-t, v), h(v))</math> then <math display="inline">f</math> maps <math display="inline">Z</math> into <math display="inline">h^{-1}(0) \times \R</math> and <math display="inline">\pi \circ f = h</math>. If we define <math display="inline">\bar f: h^{-1}(0) \times \R \to Z</math> as <math display="block">\bar f(v, t) = \alpha(t, v)</math> then <math display="inline">f \bar f = \bar f f = Id</math> and <math display="inline">f</math> is a homeomorphism.<ref>Mather 2012, pp. 497.</ref> == Topology at critical points == Theorem: If there is a critical point <math display="inline">p</math> in the singular variety <math display="inline">\mathcal{V}</math> with critical value <math display="inline">v \in (a, b)</math> then the space <math display="inline">X_{\leq b}</math> is homotopic to<ref>Goresky and MacPherson 1988, pp. 174.</ref> <math display="block">X_{\leq a} \cup [(D^{\lambda+1}, \partial D^{\lambda+1}) \times (\mathcal{L}_X, \partial \mathcal{L}_X)].</math> Proof:<ref>Proof outline comes from Goresky and MacPherson 1988, pp. 174.</ref> # <math display="inline">(X_{\leq b}, X_{\leq a})</math> is homeomorphic to <math display="inline">(X_{\leq v + \epsilon}, X_{\leq v -\epsilon})</math>. We can prove this by "moving wall" or Thom's Isotopy Lemma.<ref>Goresky and MacPherson 1988, pp. 90-91, 120.</ref> # <math display="inline">X_{\leq v + \epsilon}</math> is homeomorphic to <math display="inline">X_{\leq v - \epsilon} \cup (J, K)</math>, where the latter is the local Morse data for <math display="inline">h</math> at <math display="inline">p</math>. We do this by moving the wall...<ref>Goresky and MacPherson 1988, pp. 95-96, 120-121.</ref> # <math display="inline">(J, K)</math> is homeomorphic to <math display="inline">(D^{\lambda+1}, \partial D^{\lambda+1}) \times (\mathcal{L}_X, \partial \mathcal{L}_X)</math> (tangential data, normal data). Again, moving the wall...<ref>Goresky and MacPherson 1988, pp. 65-66, chapter 8, 121.</ref> # The normal Morse data depends only on the differential <math display="inline">df(p)</math>.<ref>Goresky and MacPherson 1988, pp. 93.</ref> # The normal Morse data has the homotopy type of <math display="inline">(\mathcal{L}_X, \partial \mathcal{L}_X)</math>.<ref>Goresky and MacPherson 1988, pp. 169.</ref> === Step 1 === We get this immediately(?) by Thom's Isotopy Lemma. === Step 2 === <ref>Goresky and MacPherson 1988, complex case on pp. 120-121 is extension of real case on pp. 95-96.</ref> Step 1 works because <math display="inline">h</math> is a submersion at each point of the regions we are homeomorphing. This is not the case at critical points. We need some way by which a homeomorphism can pass through a critical point. To prove a homeomorphism between two subsets <math display="inline">A</math> and <math display="inline">B</math> of <math display="inline">Z</math>, we project <math display="inline">Z</math> to some other space <math display="inline">N</math> (in our case <math display="inline">\R^n</math>) using some function <math display="inline">F</math>. We take subsets <math display="inline">Y_0</math> and <math display="inline">Y_1</math> of <math display="inline">N</math> such that <math display="inline">A = Z \cap F^{-1}(Y_0)</math> and <math display="inline">B = Z \cap F^{-1}(Y_1)</math>. We need to prove <math display="inline">Y_0</math> and <math display="inline">Y_1</math> are connected by a one-parameter family of regions <math display="inline">Y_t</math> [explain one-parameter family]. The criterion for such a family to exist is that the '''characteristic covectors''' of <math display="inline">F</math> are all nonzero on each stratum of <math display="inline">Y_t</math>.<ref>Goresky and MacPherson 1988, pp. 70.</ref> At each point <math display="inline">x \in M</math> and <math display="inline">y \in N</math> there are '''tangent spaces''' <math display="inline">T_xM</math> and <math display="inline">T_yN</math>, a vector space whose zero is at the point <math display="inline">x</math> or <math display="inline">y</math> (resp.) [picture of various tangent spaces] In the case the <math display="inline">N = \R</math>, the tangent space <math display="inline">T_x\R</math> is just <math display="inline">\R</math> but whose origin is at <math display="inline">x</math>. [picture of T_x\R] Say <math display="inline">F(x) = y</math>, then the differential of the map <math display="inline">F</math> can be seen as a function whose input is a vector in the tangent space <math display="inline">T_xM</math> and whose output is a vector in the tangent space <math display="inline">T_yM</math>. [If I move this far on the tangent space of M how do I move in the tangent space of N?] [picture] [example for M = \R and N = \R?] A function which takes as input a vector in the tangent space <math display="inline">T_xM</math> (say) and outputs a scalar (usually <math display="inline">\R</math>) is called a '''covector'''. The set of all covectors on <math display="inline">T_xM</math> is called the dual space of <math display="inline">T_xM</math> and is denoted <math display="inline">T^*_xM</math>. There are only a limited number of ways to express a covectors. For example, if our tangent space is two-dimensional then all covectors are of the form <math display="inline">ax + by</math> where <math display="inline">(x, y) \in T_xM</math>. We take our space <math display="inline">M</math> and map it onto <math display="inline">\R^2</math> with the map <math display="inline">F(z) = (r(z), h(z))</math>, where <math display="inline">z \in M</math> and <math display="inline">r</math> is the square of the distance of <math display="inline">z</math> to the critical point <math display="inline">p</math>. [graph of mapping] In this case, the covectors on the tangent space <math display="inline">T_xM</math> are of the form <math display="inline">adf(x) + bdr(x)</math> (in this case <math display="inline">df</math> and <math display="inline">dr</math> are maps to <math display="inline">\R</math>) and on <math display="inline">T_y\R^2</math> are of the form <math display="inline">cu + dv</math> (for <math display="inline">(u, v) \in \R^2</math>). A covector <math display="inline">cu + dv \in T^*_{(u, v)}\R^2</math> is called a '''characteristic covector''' of <math display="inline">F</math> if <math display="inline">F(x) = (u, v)</math> and <math display="inline">cdf(x) + ddr(x) = 0</math> for all vectors in the tangent space of the stratum containing <math display="inline">p</math>.<ref>Goresky and MacPherson 1988, pp. 82.</ref> [explain adf(x) + bdr(x) in terms of this being a function which takes a vector input] [example of where covectors do and do not vanish on a stratified space, pp. 71?] What we want is a homeomorphism in <math display="inline">M</math> between the space <math display="inline">Z_{\leq \epsilon}</math> and <math display="inline">Z_{\leq \epsilon} \cup B</math>, where <math display="inline">B</math> is a small region of the critical point <math display="inline">p</math>. The '''local Morse data''' is <math display="block">((B_\delta \cap Z) \cap f^{-1}[v-\epsilon, v+\epsilon], (B_\delta \cap Z) \cap f^{-1}(v-\epsilon))</math> where <math display="inline">B_\delta</math> is a closed disc in <math display="inline">M</math> of radius <math display="inline">\delta</math>.<ref>Goresky and MacPherson 1988, pp. 63-64.</ref> Observe that this is the pair <math display="inline">(F^{-1}(\text{Box}(\delta, \epsilon)), F^{-1}(\text{Bottom}(\delta, \epsilon)))</math><ref>Goresky and MacPherson 1988, pp. 91.</ref> [explain Box, Bottom, etc.] [picture of the two subspaces of Z in M] We use our map <math display="inline">F</math> to convert these two subspaces to subspaces of <math display="inline">\R^2</math> which are of the form <math display="inline">Y_1 = \{(x,y) \in \R^2 | y \leq \epsilon\}</math> and <math display="inline">Y_0 = \{(x,y) \in \R^2 | y \leq -\epsilon\} \cup \{(x,y) \in \R^2 | x \leq \delta, y \leq \epsilon\}</math>, such that <math display="inline">Z_{\leq \epsilon} = F^{-1}(Y_1)</math> and <math display="inline">Z_{\leq \epsilon} \cup B = F^{-1}(Y_0)</math>.<ref>Goresky and MacPherson 1988, pp. 95-96.</ref> We use a homeomorphism between <math display="inline">Y_1</math> and <math display="inline">Y_0</math> using the technique of "moving the wall" and Thom's Isotopy Lemma. Such a homeomorphism exists when the characteristic covectors of <math display="inline">F</math> are all nonzero on each stratum of <math display="inline">Y_t</math>.<ref>Goresky and MacPherson 1988, chapter 4, particularly pp. 71-72.</ref> Given a smooth mapping between manifolds <math display="inline">F: M \to N</math> (for example, in our case we could have <math display="inline">N = \R^2</math>) and that <math display="inline">F|Z: Z \to N</math> is proper. Let <math display="inline">Y \subset N \times \R</math> be a closed Whitney stratified subset such that the projection to the second factor <math display="inline">\pi: Y \to \R</math> is a proper stratified submersion.<ref>Goresky and MacPherson 1988, pp. 71.</ref> Suppose for each <math display="inline">t \in \R</math>, for each <math display="inline">p \in F(Z) \cap Y_t</math>, and for each nonzero characteristic covector <math display="inline">\lambda \in T^*_pN</math> of <math display="inline">F|Z</math>, the restriction of <math display="inline">\lambda</math> to the subspace <math display="inline">T_pS_t = \ker(d\pi(p)) \cap T_pS</math> is nonzero, where <math display="inline">S</math> is a stratum of <math display="inline">Y</math> which contains <math display="inline">(p, t)</math> and <math display="inline">S_t = \pi^{-1}(t) \cap S</math> is the stratum of <math display="inline">Y_t = \pi^{-1}(t) \cap Y</math> which contains <math display="inline">p</math>. This is equivalent to the statement that, for each <math display="inline">t \in \R</math>, the restriction <math display="inline">F|Z</math> is transverse to <math display="inline">Y_t</math>.<ref>Goresky and MacPherson 1988, pp. 71-72.</ref> This means that, for each <math display="inline">t \in \R</math>, <math display="inline">Z \cap F^{-1}(Y_t)</math> is stratified by its intersection with the strata of <math display="inline">Z</math>... We finally prove there is a homeomorphism between <math display="inline">Z \cap F^{-1}(Y_0) \cong Z \cap F^{-1}(Y_1)</math> which preserves the Whitney stratification of both sides and is smooth on each stratum. For the composition <math display="block">Z \times \R \subset M \times \R \to_{F \times I} Y \subset \R^2 \times \R \to_{\pi} \R</math> where <math display="inline">Y(t, z) = Y_t(z)</math>, <math display="inline">I</math> is the identity and <math display="inline">\pi</math> is projection to the second factor. <math display="inline">Z \times \R</math> is transverse to <math display="inline">(F \times I)^{-1}(Y)</math>... The composition <math display="inline">\pi \circ (F \times I): Z \times \R \cap (F \times I)^{-1}(Y) \to \R</math> is a stratified submersion because * The input domain is stratified as above..., * We have defined <math display="inline">F|Z</math> to be transverse to <math display="inline">Y</math>, and therefore it preserves the stratification (unless <math display="inline">F(Z) \cap Y = \empty</math>), and * We defined above the projection on <math display="inline">Y</math> to be a stratified submersion, meaning it is a submersion on each stratum of <math display="inline">F(Z) \cap Y</math>.<ref>Goresky and MacPherson 1988, pp. 43.</ref> Therefore, we can apply Thom's Isotopy Lemma which says there is a homeomorphism between the level sets of <math display="inline">Z \times \R</math>...<ref>Goresky and MacPherson 1988, pp. 72.</ref> === Step 3 === ==== Characteristic covectors ==== ==== Fringed sets ==== When manipulating our domain of integration[?], we need to make sure we are doing this in regions with no characteristic covectors. The introduce the concept of a fringed set, a subset of <math display="inline">R^2</math>, and construct a series of fringed sets which contain no characteristic covectors. A '''fringed set''' <math display="inline">A \subset \R \times \R^+</math> is an open subset of the first quadrant of <math display="inline">\R^2</math>. <math display="inline">A</math> is fringed over <math display="inline">0 < y \ll x</math> if for some interval <math display="inline">S = (0, x)</math> # the projection of <math display="inline">A</math> to the first factor is equal to <math display="inline">S</math>, # <math display="inline">A</math> is open in <math display="inline">S \times \R^+</math>, # if <math display="inline">(s, y) \in A</math> and <math display="inline">0 < y' \leq y</math> then <math display="inline">(s, y') \in A</math>.<ref>Goresky and MacPherson 1988, pp. 77.</ref> [picture] The fringed set <math display="inline">A^\flat</math> is the set <math display="inline">A</math> plus its reflection about the <math display="inline">x</math> axis.<ref>Goresky and MacPherson 1988, pp. 82.</ref> [picture] We build a series of fringed sets which do not contain characteristic covectors, which will be used later in our proof. There exists a fringed set <math display="inline">A_1</math> such that <math display="inline">(r, f): Z \to \R^2</math> has no characteristic covectors in <math display="inline">A^\flat_1</math>. Given that the set of points <math display="inline">(u, v) \in \R^2</math> which have a nonzero characteristic covector is closed, then it is enough to prove it for points <math display="inline">(u, 0) \in \R^2</math>. Proof by contradiction. Assume it is false and that there is a sequence of points <math display="inline">p_i \in Z \cap f^{-1}(0)</math> converging to <math display="inline">p</math> such that <math display="inline">df(p_i)</math> and <math display="inline">dr(p_i)</math> are linearly dependent when restricted to the stratum <math display="inline">Y</math> which contains <math display="inline">p_i</math>. This would mean that <math display="inline">f</math> has a critical point on <math display="inline">Y \cap \partial B_{\rho(p_i)}(p)</math>.<ref>Goresky and MacPherson 1988, pp. 82-83.</ref> By restricting to a subsequence if necessary, we may assume the points <math display="inline">p_i</math> are all contained in the same stratum <math display="inline">Y</math>, that the tangent planes <math display="inline">T_{p_i}Y</math> converge to some plane <math display="inline">Q</math> and the secant lines <math display="inline">\mathcal{l}_i = \overline{p_i p}</math> converge to some line <math display="inline">\mathcal{l}</math>. By the Whitney conditions [how?], <math display="inline">Q = \lim_{i \to \infty} \mathcal{l}_i \oplus T_{p_i}(Y \cap \partial B_\delta(p))</math>.<ref>Goresky and MacPherson 1988, pp. 83.</ref> For each <math display="inline">i</math>, <math display="inline">f(p_i) = f(p) = v</math>, this means[?] <math display="inline">df(p)(Q) = 0</math>. On the assumption that <math display="inline">df(p)</math> is nondegenerate, we may assume <math display="inline">Y = X</math>, so <math display="inline">\ker d(f|X)(p_i) = T_{p_i}(X \cap \partial B_\delta(p)) = T_{p_i}(X \cap f^{-1}(v))</math>, which converges to a subspace <math display="inline">\tau</math> of <math display="inline">Q = T_pX</math>, perpendicular to <math display="inline">\mathcal{l}</math>. However, as <math display="inline">f^{-1}(v) \cap X</math> satisfies Whitney's conditions, <math display="inline">\mathcal{l} \subset \tau</math>, a contradiction.<ref>Goresky and MacPherson 1988, pp. 83.</ref> There exists a fringed set <math display="inline">A_2</math> of type <math display="inline">0 < v \ll u</math> such that for any <math display="inline">z \in Z</math> such that <math display="inline">r\pi(z) \leq r_2</math>, the map <math display="inline">(\rho, f - f\pi)|\pi^{-1}(\pi(z)): \pi^{-1}(\pi(z)) \to \R^2</math> has no characteristic covectors in <math display="inline">A^\flat_2</math>.<ref>Goresky and MacPherson 1988, pp. 84.</ref> The proof is exactly the same as for <math display="inline">A_1</math>, but we assume for the contradiction that <math display="inline">d\rho</math>, <math display="inline">df</math> and <math display="inline">df\pi</math> are linearly dependent. If <math display="inline">df(p)</math> is a nondegenerate characteristic covector for <math display="inline">Z</math> then it is also a nondegenerate characteristic covector for <math display="inline">Z \cap \pi^{-1}(p)</math>.<ref>Goresky and MacPherson 1988, pp. 84.</ref> For any <math display="inline">a > 0</math> and <math display="inline">b > 0</math> there exists a fringed set <math display="inline">A_3</math> such that whenever <math display="inline">z \in Z</math> satisfies # <math display="inline">(r(z), f(z)) \in A^\flat_3</math>, # <math display="inline">(r\pi(z), f\pi(z)) \in A^\flat_3</math>, # <math display="inline">z \notin X</math>, and # <math display="inline">\pi(z) \neq p</math> then the covectors <math display="inline">ad\rho(z) + bdr\pi(z)</math>, <math display="inline">df(z)</math>, and <math display="inline">df\pi(z)</math> are linearly independent when restricted to the stratum <math display="inline">Y</math> which contains <math display="inline">z</math>.<ref>Goresky and MacPherson 1988, pp. 85.</ref> Proof by contradiction. If we assume not, then by the Whitney conditions the points <math display="inline">z \in Z</math> such that <math display="inline">ad\rho(z) + bdr\pi(z)</math>, <math display="inline">df(z)</math>, and <math display="inline">df\pi(z)</math> are linearly dependent form a close subset of <math display="inline">Z</math>. By Cauchy[?], this means there is a sequence <math display="inline">z_i \in Z</math> which converge to the critical point <math display="inline">p</math> such that <math display="inline">f(z_i) = 0</math> and <math display="inline">f\pi(z_i) = 0</math> and the covectors <math display="inline">ad\rho(z_i) + bdr\pi(z_i)</math>, <math display="inline">df(z_i)</math>, and <math display="inline">df\pi(z_i)</math> are linearly dependent for all <math display="inline">i</math>. By choosing a subsequence if necessary, we may assume that all <math display="inline">z_i</math> lie in the same stratum <math display="inline">Y</math>, that the secant lines <math display="inline">\overline{p z_i}</math> converge to a line <math display="inline">\mathcal{l}</math>, that the tangent planes <math display="inline">T_{z_i}Y</math> converge to some plane <math display="inline">\tau</math>, and that the subspaces <math display="inline">\ker(ad\rho(z_i) + bdr\pi(z_i))</math>, <math display="inline">\ker(df(z_i))</math>, and <math display="inline">\ker(df\pi(z_i))</math> converge to subspaces <math display="inline">A</math>, <math display="inline">B</math>, and <math display="inline">C</math> of <math display="inline">\tau</math>, respectively.<ref>Goresky and MacPherson 1988, pp. 85.</ref> [Necessity of Riemannian metric?] <math display="inline">\mathcal{l}</math> is perpendicular to <math display="inline">A</math>, so <math display="inline">\mathcal{l} \nsubseteq A</math>. But, on the assumption of linear dependence of the covectors, <math display="inline">B + C \subset A</math>, and we show that <math display="inline">\mathcal{l} \subset B</math> and <math display="inline">\mathcal{l} \subset C</math> to prove a contradiction. Let <math display="inline">w = \lim \frac{z_i - p}{|z_i - p|}</math> denote the unit vector in <math display="inline">\mathcal{l}</math>. <math display="inline">df(p)(w) = \lim \frac{f(z_i) - f(p)}{|z_i - p|} = 0</math> [prove this], meaning <math display="inline">\mathcal{l} \subset B</math>.<ref>Goresky and MacPherson 1988, pp. 85.</ref> <math display="block">\begin{align} C &= \lim \ker(df\pi(z_i)) \\ &= \lim d\pi^{-1}(z_i)(\ker(df(\pi(z_i))) \cap T_{\pi(z_i)}X) \\ &= \lim d\pi^{-1}(p)(B \cap T_pX) \end{align}</math> and <math display="block">\ker(d\pi(p)) \cup (B \cap T_pX) \subset \lim d\pi^{-1}(p)(B \cap T_pX).</math> If <math display="inline">\mathcal{l}_A = \lim \overline{z_i \pi(z_i)} \subset A</math> and <math display="inline">\mathcal{l}_B = \lim \overline{\pi(z_i)p} \subset B \cap T_pX</math>, then <math display="inline">\mathcal{l} \subset \mathcal{l}_A \cup \mathcal{l}_B</math> and <math display="inline">\mathcal{l} \subset A \cup (B \cap T_pX) \subset C</math>.<ref>Goresky and MacPherson 1988, pp. 86.</ref> There exists a fringed set <math display="inline">A_4</math> such that for any <math display="inline">z \in Z</math> which satisfies # <math display="inline">(r(z), f(z)) \in A^\flat_4</math> # <math display="inline">(r(z), f\pi(z)) \in A^\flat_4</math> # <math display="inline">z \notin X</math> # <math display="inline">\pi(z) \neq p</math> then the covectors <math display="inline">df</math>, <math display="inline">df\pi</math>, and <math display="inline">dr</math> are linearly independent when restricted to the stratum <math display="inline">Y</math> which contains <math display="inline">z</math>. Moreover, there exists an <math display="inline">r_1 > 0</math> such that for <math display="inline">\delta \leq r_1</math> the projection <math display="inline">(f\pi, f): Z \cap B_\delta(p) \to \R^2</math> has no characteristic covectors in <math display="inline">|f| \leq \epsilon</math>, <math display="inline">|f\pi| \leq \epsilon</math> except for # covectors where <math display="inline">u = v = 0</math>, # where <math display="inline">u = v</math> and <math display="inline">a = b</math>, and # where <math display="inline">u = 0</math> and <math display="inline">du = 0</math>.<ref>Goresky and MacPherson 1988, pp. 86-87.</ref> Given fringed sets <math display="inline">A_2</math> and <math display="inline">A_3</math> (<math display="inline">a = b = 1</math>), fix <math display="inline">v_0 > 0</math> such that <math display="inline">(0, v_0) \in A_2 \cap A_3</math>. For each <math display="inline">v_0 \geq \delta > 0</math> choose <math display="inline">M(\delta)</math> such that <math display="inline">B(\delta) = \{ (u, v) \in \R^2 : \delta/2 \leq u \leq \delta, |v| \leq 2M(\delta) \} \subset A^\flat_2 \cap A^\flat_3</math>. If we define <math display="inline">A_4 = \{ (\delta, \epsilon) \in \R^+ \times \R^+ : \delta \leq v_0, \epsilon \leq M(\delta) \}</math> then it has the desired properties. If <math display="inline">\rho(z) \leq r(z)/2</math>, then <math display="inline">r\pi(z) = r(z) - \rho(z) \geq r(z)/2</math>, <math display="inline">(r\pi(z), f\pi(z)) \in B(r(z)) \subset A^\flat_3</math> and <math display="inline">(r(z), f(z)) \in B(r(z)) \subset A^\flat_3</math>. We have proven above this means the covectors are linearly independent. If <math display="inline">\rho(z) \geq r(z)/2</math> then <math display="inline">(\rho(z), f - f\pi(z)) \in A^\flat_2</math> which also means they are linearly independent.<ref>Goresky and MacPherson 1988, pp. 86.</ref> Let <math display="inline">Y</math> denote the stratum of <math display="inline">Z \cap B_\delta(p)</math> that contains <math display="inline">z</math>. Suppose first that <math display="inline">z</math> is not on the boundary of <math display="inline">B_\delta(p)</math> and it is not in <math display="inline">X</math>. Then, being that <math display="inline">p</math> is an isolated critical point and <math display="inline">df(p)</math> is nondegenerate (meaning it is nonzero on any limit of tangent spaces to strata <math display="inline">Y > X</math>), there is a neighbourhood of <math display="inline">p</math> with the same property. This also implies that <math display="inline">d(f\pi)(z)</math> and <math display="inline">df(z)</math> are also independent provided <math display="inline">\pi(z) \neq p</math>.<ref>Goresky and MacPherson 1988, pp. 87.</ref> For points on the boundary of <math display="inline">B_\delta(p)</math> (if they exist), they satisfy condition 1 and 2 of the fringed set <math display="inline">A_4</math> and, assuming the other two conditions are also true, this means <math display="inline">df(z)</math>, <math display="inline">d(f\pi)(z)</math> and <math display="inline">dr(z)</math> are linearly independent. This means they are also independent when restricted to the tangent space of <math display="inline">B_\delta(p)</math>.<ref>Goresky and MacPherson 1988, pp. 87.</ref> There exists a fringed set <math display="inline">A_6</math> such that, assuming # for fixed <math display="inline">(\delta, \epsilon) \in A_6</math>, # a point <math display="inline">z \in Z</math>, <math display="inline">z \notin X</math> and <math display="inline">\pi(z) \neq p</math>, # <math display="inline">\rho(z) = \delta</math>, # <math display="inline">r\pi(z) = \delta</math>, # <math display="inline">|f(z)| \leq \epsilon</math>, and # <math display="inline">|f\pi(z)| \leq \epsilon</math>, then <math display="inline">d\rho</math>, <math display="inline">dr\pi</math>, <math display="inline">df</math>, and <math display="inline">df\pi</math> are linearly independent when restricted to <math display="inline">T_zY</math> where <math display="inline">Y</math> is the stratum that contains <math display="inline">z</math>.<ref>Goresky and MacPherson 1988, pp. 89.</ref> <math display="inline">A_6 = A_1 \cap A_2</math> has the desired properties. For <math display="inline">z</math> satisfying the assumptions, <math display="inline">(\rho(z), f(z) - f\pi(z)) \in A^\flat_2</math> which implies <math display="inline">d\rho</math>, <math display="inline">df</math>, and <math display="inline">d\pi</math> are independent. <math display="inline">(r\pi(z), f\pi(z)) \in A^\flat_1</math> which implies <math display="inline">dr\pi</math> and <math display="inline">df\pi</math> are independent.<ref>Goresky and MacPherson 1988, pp. 89.</ref> ==== Homeomorphism ==== We prove there is a stratum preserving homeomorphism between<ref>Goresky and MacPherson 1988, pp. 65.</ref> <math display="block">\text{Local Morse Data} \cong (\text{Tangential Morse Data}) \times (\text{Normal Morse Data})</math> We first prove that there is a homeomorphism between the product of the normal and tangential Morse data and the '''realisation''' of the following diagram [diagram from pp. 102] where realisation means <math display="block">Z \cap (g_1, h_1)^{-1}(P_a) \cap (g_2, h_2)^{-1}(P_b)</math> where all the intersections of strata (of <math display="inline">Z</math>?) are transverse.<ref>Goresky and MacPherson 1988, pp. 100-102.</ref> The realisation of the above diagram is equal to <math display="block">(V_1, V_2) \cap (W_1, W_2) = (V_1 \cap W_1, V_1 \cap W_2 \cup V_2 \cap W_1)</math> where <math display="block">V_1 = \{ z \in Z : |f(z) - f\pi(z)| \leq \epsilon/4, r\pi(z) \leq \delta, \rho(z) \leq \delta \}</math> <math display="block">V_2 = \{ z \in Z : f(z) - f\pi(z) = -\epsilon/4, r\pi(z) \leq \delta, \rho(z) \leq \delta \}</math> <math display="block">W_1 = \{ z \in Z : |f\pi(z)| \leq 3\epsilon/4, r\pi(z) \leq \delta \}</math> <math display="block">W_1 = \{ z \in Z : f\pi(z) = -3\epsilon/4, r\pi(z) \leq \delta \}</math> where <math display="inline">\pi</math> is the projection from the tubular neighbourhood to <math display="inline">Z</math>, <math display="inline">r(z)</math> is the square of the distance between <math display="inline">z</math> and the critical point <math display="inline">p</math> and <math display="inline">\rho(z)</math> is the square of the distance between <math display="inline">z</math> and <math display="inline">\pi(z)</math>.<ref>Goresky and MacPherson 1988, pp. 100-101.</ref> <math display="inline">\epsilon \ll \delta</math> are chosen so that <math display="inline">(\delta, \epsilon)</math> is in the set <math display="inline">A^\flat_6</math> which consists of <math display="inline">A_6 \subset \R^+ \times \R^+</math> with the properties that for <math display="inline">(\epsilon, \delta) \in A_6</math> and <math display="inline">z</math> such that <math display="inline">\rho(z) = \delta</math>, <math display="inline">r\pi(z) = \delta</math>, <math display="inline">|f(z)| \leq \epsilon</math> and <math display="inline">|f\pi(z)| \leq \epsilon</math> then the covectors <math display="inline">d\rho(z)</math>, <math display="inline">dr\pi(z)</math>, <math display="inline">df(z)</math> and <math display="inline">df\pi(z)</math> are linearly independent when restricted to <math display="inline">T_zY</math> (where <math display="inline">Y</math> is the stratum containing <math display="inline">z</math>). We can prove such a set exists.<ref>Goresky and MacPherson 1988, pp. 89.</ref> <math display="inline">A^\flat_6</math> is this plus its reflection about the <math display="inline">x</math> axis.<ref>Goresky and MacPherson 1988, pp. 82.</ref> Let <math display="inline">D = \{ x \in X | r(x) \leq \delta \}</math> for stratum <math display="inline">X</math>. We will show there is a local trivial fibration of the configuration: <math display="inline">(V_1, V_2)</math> fibres over <math display="inline">D</math> and is homeomorphic to <math display="inline">D \times (\text{normal Morse data})</math> (V_1, V_2) -> D \times (normal Morse data) | / --> D <--- and that <math display="inline">(W_1, W_2)</math> fibres over the tangential Morse data and is homeomorphic to <math display="inline">(\text{tangential Morse data}) \times (\text{normal slice})</math>. For <math display="inline">Z_1 = \{ z \in Z : r\pi(z) \leq \delta \}</math>, the map <math display="inline">F(z): Z_1 \to \R^2 = (\rho(z), f(z) - f\pi(z))</math> is transverse to each stratum of <math display="inline">\text{Box}(\delta, \epsilon/4)</math>, [list], [by lemma 6.5]. <math display="inline">(V_1, V_2) = F^{-1}(\text{Box}(\delta, \epsilon/4), \text{Bottom}(\delta, \epsilon/4))</math>. For each stratum <math display="inline">S</math> of Box and each <math display="inline">x \in D</math>, we have transverse intersection <math display="inline">F^{-1}(S) \pitchfork \pi^{-1}(x)</math>. Therefore, <math display="inline">\pi|F^{-1}(S)</math> is a submersion and by Thom's isotopy lemma the projection <math display="inline">\pi|F^{-1}(\text{Box}(\delta, \epsilon/4): F^{-1}(\text{Box}(\delta, \epsilon/4)) \to X</math> is a stratified fibre bundle over <math display="inline">D</math>. The fibre over the critical point <math display="inline">p</math> is <math display="inline">\pi^{-1}(p) \cap (F^{-1}(\text{Box}(\delta, \epsilon/4), F^{-1}(\text{Bottom}(\delta, \epsilon/4))</math> and is equal to the normal Morse data...<ref>Goresky and MacPherson 1988, pp. 101.</ref> Take <math display="inline">G: X \to \R^2 = (r(x), f(x))</math>. <math display="inline">\delta</math> and <math display="inline">\epsilon</math> have been chosen so that <math display="inline">(G^{-1}(\text{Box}(\delta, \epsilon/4), G^{-1}(\text{Bottom}(\delta, \epsilon/4))</math> is the tangential Morse data for <math display="inline">f</math> and is contained in the region <math display="inline">D</math> over which <math display="inline">\pi|(V_1, V_2)</math> is a stratified fibre bundle. Therefore, <math display="inline">(W_1, W_2) = \pi^{-1} G^{-1}(\text{Box}(\delta, \epsilon/4), \text{Bottom}(\delta, \epsilon/4))</math> is transverse to <math display="inline">(V_1, V_2)</math>.<ref>Goresky and MacPherson 1988, pp. 101-102.</ref> Finally, this means that <math display="inline">(V_1, V_2) \cap (W_1, W_2)</math> is homeomorphic (by stratum preserving homeomorphism) to <math display="inline">(\pi^{-1}(p), \cap (V_1, V_2)) \times \pi(W_1, W_2)</math>, the product of normal and tangential Morse data.<ref>Goresky and MacPherson 1988, pp. 102.</ref> We use a succession of such diagrams to interpolate between the box diagram which defines local Morse data [explain] and the above diagram whose realisation we have just proven is <math display="inline">(\text{normal Morse data}) \times (\text{tangential Morse data})</math>. [diagram_d0.py] The realisation is the local Morse data. This is equal to the realisation of the diagram below.<ref>Goresky and MacPherson 1988, pp. 103, 106.</ref> [diagram_d11.py] The realisation of the first diagram [d0] is equivalent to the realisation of the below diagram. [diagram_d1.py] In the right-hand picture of the above diagram, we have put a dotted outline around the region <math display="inline">A^{\flat}_1</math>. We prove that there are no characteristic covectors for <math display="inline">(r, f): Z \to \R^2</math> in this region and can, therefore, move the wall in this region...<ref>Goresky and MacPherson 1988, pp. 82-83.</ref> By adding a zero-dimensional stratum at the top right corner of the right-hand picture. A one-parameter family of pictures <math display="inline">P_b(t)</math> gives rise to a stratified space <math display="inline">Y \subset M \times \R</math> such that <math display="block">Y = \{ (z, t) \in M \times \R : (r, f)(z) \in P_b(t) \}.</math> <math display="inline">(r, f)</math> takes each stratum of <math display="inline">Z</math> transversally to each stratum of each <math display="inline">Y_t</math>. <math display="inline">(f \circ \pi, f)^{-1}(P_a) = f^{-1}[-\epsilon, \infty)</math> is transverse to each stratum of <math display="inline">Y_t \cap Z</math>. Therefore, there is a homeomorphism between<ref>Goresky and MacPherson 1988, pp. 107.</ref> <math display="block">Z(D_1) = Z \cap (f \circ \pi, f)^{-1}(P_a) \cap (r, f)^{-1}(P_b(0))</math> and <math display="block">Z(D_1) = Z \cap (f \circ \pi, f)^{-1}(P_a) \cap (r, f)^{-1}(P_b(1)).</math> To go from D_2 to D_3 we find the characteristic covectors of <math display="inline">(f\pi, f): V \to \R^2</math> where <math display="inline">V = (r, f)^{-1}(P_b(1))</math>. We stratify <math display="inline">P_b(1)</math> by its interior <math display="inline">P</math> and boundary <math display="inline">\partial P</math>.<ref>Goresky and MacPherson 1988, pp. 107.</ref> The strata of <math display="inline">V</math> come in four types: # <math display="inline">(r, f)^{-1}(P) \cap X</math> # <math display="inline">(r, f)^{-1}(P) \cap Y</math> # <math display="inline">(r, f)^{-1}(\partial P) \cap X</math> # <math display="inline">(r, f)^{-1}(\partial P) \cap Y</math> where <math display="inline">X</math> is the strata that contains the critical point and <math display="inline">Y</math> is any other strata such that <math display="inline">Y > X</math>. All characteristic covectors are of the form <math display="inline">\lambda = (u, v, adu + bdv) \in T^*\R^2</math>. For strata 1 and 3, the image of <math display="inline">X</math> under <math display="inline">(f\pi, f)</math> is the diagonal <math display="inline">f\pi = f</math> (dotted outline). Therefore, the characteristic covectors of any point <math display="inline">z</math> in <math display="inline">X</math> are either where <math display="inline">z = p</math>, in which case the covector is zero(?), or where <math display="inline">z \neq p</math>, in which case <math display="inline">u = v</math> and <math display="inline">a = b</math>.<ref>Goresky and MacPherson 1988, pp. 107-108.</ref> For strata 2, being that the critical point is isolated and non-degenerate, which means it, and any neighbourhood, is not zero on any limit of tangent spaces in strata <math display="inline">Y > X</math>. Therefore, <math display="inline">f</math> and <math display="inline">f\pi</math> are linearly independent.<ref>Goresky and MacPherson 1988, pp. 84.</ref> Unless <math display="inline">\pi(z) = p</math>, in which case <math display="inline">d(f\pi)(z) = f\pi(z) = 0</math>, so they are covectors where <math display="inline">u = 0</math> and <math display="inline">b = 0</math>.<ref>Goresky and MacPherson 1988, pp. 108.</ref> For strata 4, we can use implicit function theorem to generate local coordinates <math display="inline">y_1, \cdots y_{r-s-1}</math> in <math display="inline">Y > X</math> and define the Riemannian metric <math display="inline">r(z) = r\pi(z) + (f(z) - f\pi(z))^2 + g(y)</math> for some <math display="inline">g</math> depending only on <math display="inline">y</math>. There are no characteristic covectors in <math display="inline">|u| \leq \epsilon</math> and <math display="inline">|v| < \epsilon</math>. By [lemma 6.7 and 6.8 and 8.1(d)] <math display="inline">df</math>, <math display="inline">df\pi</math> and <math display="inline">dr</math> are linearly independent in this region.<ref>Goresky and MacPherson 1988, pp. 109.</ref> Given <math display="inline">|f| \leq \epsilon</math> and <math display="inline">|f\pi| \leq \epsilon</math>, a fringed set <math display="inline">A^\flat_4</math> of type <math display="inline">0 < \epsilon \ll \delta</math> and assume that <math display="inline">\pi \neq p</math> and <math display="inline">z \notin X</math> then <math display="inline">(r(z), f(z)) \in A^\flat_4</math> and <math display="inline">(r(z), f\pi(z)) \in A^\flat_4</math>.<ref>Goresky and MacPherson 1988, pp. 87.</ref> Outside of these points, the slope of <math display="inline">\ker(\lambda)</math> for any characteristic covector <math display="inline">\lambda</math> is <math display="block">\frac{-a}{b} = \frac{f(z) - f\pi(z) - M}{\frac{\alpha}{\beta} + (f(z) - f\pi(z))}</math> where <math display="inline">\alpha df + \beta dr = 0</math> and<ref>Goresky and MacPherson 1988, pp. 108-109.</ref> <math display="block">\frac{1}{M} = \left(\frac{1}{x_i}\right) \left(\frac{\partial F(x)}{\partial x_i}\right).</math> Suppose that <math display="inline"><\alpha df + \beta dr></math> is the subspace of <math display="inline">T^*_pZ</math> spanned by <math display="inline">\alpha df + \beta dr</math>, then we can construct the exact sequence <math display="block">0 \to <\alpha df + \beta dr> \to T^*_pZ \to T^*_pX \to 0</math> where the injection is inclusion[?] and the surjection is restriction. The kernel of the latter is equal to the image of the former. <math display="inline">r(adf + bdf\pi) = 0</math>, which means <math display="inline"><\alpha df + \beta dr> = adf + bdf\pi</math>.<ref>Goresky and MacPherson 1988, pp. 46.</ref> This means <math display="inline">\alpha df + \beta dr</math> is a multiple of <math display="inline">adf + bdf\pi</math>, which we can take to be 1 [how?]. Therefore, <math display="block">\alpha df + \beta (\sum x_i dx_i + (f - f\pi)(df - df\pi) + dg) = adf + bdf\pi.</math> <math display="inline">df\pi = \sum \frac{\partial F}{\partial x_i} dx_i</math> and equating coefficients of <math display="inline">df</math> and <math display="inline">dx_i</math> <math display="block">\begin{align} dg &= 0 \\ \alpha + \beta (f - f\pi) &= b \\ \beta x_i - \beta (f - f\pi) \frac{\partial F}{\partial x_i} &= a \frac{\partial F}{\partial x_i}. \end{align}</math> Dividing the third by the second gives us the theorem.<ref>Goresky and MacPherson 1988, pp. 109.</ref> We consruct a one-parameter family of stratified spaces <math display="block">P_a(t) = \{ (u, v) \in \R^2 | v \geq -\epsilon, (v + \epsilon) \geq (u + 3\epsilon/4) t/(1 - t) \}</math> [picture] This is allowable because <math display="inline">(-3\epsilon/4, -\epsilon)</math> is not a characteristic point and we can prove <math display="inline">M < 0</math> so the slope of the kernel is always positive, whereas our slope is negative.<ref>Goresky and MacPherson 1988, pp. 110.</ref> In local coordinates, <math display="inline">adF(z) + bdr(z) = 0</math> becomes <math display="block">\sum \left( a \frac{\partial F}{\partial x_i}(z) + b \frac{x_i}{r} \right) dx_i = 0.</math> For each <math display="inline">i</math>, <math display="block">\frac{1}{x_i} \left( \frac{\partial F}{\partial x_i} \right)(z) = \frac{-b}{ar}</math> which is negative when <math display="inline">a</math> and <math display="inline">b</math> have the same sign.<ref>Goresky and MacPherson 1988, pp. 57-58.</ref> From <math display="inline">Z(D_3)</math> to <math display="inline">Z(D_4)</math>. Given this one-parameter family of pictures<ref>Goresky and MacPherson 1988, pp. 110.</ref> <math display="block">P_a(t) = \{ (u, v) \in \R^2 | u \geq -3\epsilon/4, u \geq t(u + 3\epsilon/4) - \epsilon \}.</math> [picture] Again, there are no characteristic covectors in the region <math display="inline">|f| < \epsilon</math> and <math display="inline">|f\pi| \leq \epsilon</math>. Since <math display="inline">\alpha \geq 0, \beta \geq 0, f - f\pi < 0, f\pi > 0, M > 0</math>, then the slope of <math display="inline">\ker(\lambda)</math> is negative and, therefore, not in the interval <math display="inline">(0, 1]</math>.<ref>Goresky and MacPherson 1988, pp. 111.</ref> We get from <math display="inline">Z(D_4)</math> to <math display="inline">Z(D_5)</math> by unrounding the corner using the same argument above. <math display="inline">Z(D_5)</math> is identical to <math display="inline">Z(D_6)</math>. For <math display="inline">Z(D_6)</math> to <math display="inline">Z(D_7)</math>, we construct a one-parameter family pictured below [picture] Given <math display="inline">V = (r, f)^{-1}(P_a) = \{ z \in Z | r(z) \leq 2\delta \}</math>, since this is in the region <math display="inline">A_4</math>, there are no characteristic covectors of the map <math display="inline">(f\pi, f): V \to \R^2</math> in the region <math display="inline">|f| \leq \epsilon, |f\pi| \leq \epsilon</math>.<ref>Goresky and MacPherson 1988, pp. 111.</ref> For <math display="inline">Z(D_7)</math> to <math display="inline">Z(D_8)</math>, we use the one-parameter family <math display="block">P_a(t) = \{ (u, v) \in \R^2 | u \geq -3\epsilon/4, u - \epsilon/4 \leq v \leq u, u (v - \epsilon)(t - 1)/t + 3\epsilon/4 \}.</math> As above, <math display="inline">df</math> and <math display="inline">df\pi</math> are linearly independent [link this]. As it is in the region <math display="inline">A_4</math>, then <math display="inline">dr, df, df\pi</math> are linearly independent.<ref>Goresky and MacPherson 1988, pp. 112.</ref> Since <math display="inline">r = \rho + r\pi</math>, <math display="inline">Z(D_8)</math> is identical to <math display="inline">Z(D_9)</math>. For <math display="inline">Z(D_9)</math> to <math display="inline">Z(D_10)</math>, add a fake zero-dimensional stratum <math display="inline">(\delta, \delta) \in \R</math> to the second picture of <math display="inline">D_9</math>. This is in the region <math display="inline">A_6</math>, so <math display="inline">df, df\pi, d\rho</math> are linearly independent. Construct the one-parameter family <math display="block">P_a(t) = \{ (u, v) \in \R^2 | v \leq 2\delta - u, v \leq (t - 1)(u - \delta) + \delta \}.</math> [picture] This is also in the region <math display="inline">A_6</math>, so <math display="inline">df, df\pi, ad\rho + bdr\pi</math> are linearly independent.<ref>Goresky and MacPherson 1988, pp. 112.</ref> For <math display="inline">Z(D_10)</math> to <math display="inline">Z(D_11)</math>, the one-parameter family <math display="block">P_a(t) = \{ (u, v) \in \R^2 | v \leq \delta/2, u \leq (t - 1)(v - \delta/2) + \delta/2 \}</math> [picture] This is in the region <math display="inline">A_5</math>, so <math display="inline">df, df\pi, ad\rho + bdr\pi</math> are linearly independent.<ref>Goresky and MacPherson 1988, pp. 112-113.</ref> == Morse theory == Steps(?) * Explain topology * Every point of a stratum is locally like a product structure (proved by Thom's Isotopy Lemma) [GM pp. 41-42] ** Including those around critical points, which are the product of normal and tangential Morse data (these are our quasi-local cycles?) * Thom's Isotopy Lemma proves a strong deformation retraction (which only stops at critical points) [PWM pp. 541-542] === Homotopy === We want to replace our domain of convergence <math display="inline">M</math>, which is the complement of our singular variety <math display="inline">\mathcal{V}</math>, with an "equivalent" space <math display="inline">M'</math> which has better understood properties. We say "equivalent" because there are several different things we could mean by "equivalent" in this context. The equivalence we are referring to in this section is called '''homotopy'''. Imagine two subspaces <math display="inline">\gamma_0</math> and <math display="inline">\gamma_1</math> of a space <math display="inline">Y</math> which are defined respectively by smooth functions <math display="inline">f, g: X \to Y</math>. If there exists a smooth function <math display="inline">h_s: X \times [0, 1] \to Y</math>, called a homotopy, such that <math display="inline">h_0 = f</math>, <math display="inline">h_1 = g</math> and for any <math display="inline">\epsilon > 0</math> there exists a <math display="inline">\delta_a</math> and <math display="inline">\delta_b</math> such that when <math display="inline">|s - s_0| < \delta_a</math> and <math display="inline">|x - x_0| < \delta_b</math> we have <math display="inline">|h_s(x) - h_{s_0}(x_0)| < \epsilon</math>, then we say <math display="inline">\gamma_0</math> and <math display="inline">\gamma_1</math> are '''homotopic'''.<ref>Henle 1979, pp. 251-252.</ref> Below is an example where <math display="inline">\gamma_0</math> and <math display="inline">\gamma_1</math> are one-dimensional curves and <math display="inline">H(t, s) = h_s(t)</math>. [[File:Homotopy_curves.png|300px]] In [[#Homotopy_equivalence|Appendix A]], we formally prove that we can construct an equivalent space <math display="inline">M'</math>. We provide only an example to give some intuition before describing how to construct the space <math display="inline">M'</math> in terms of local cycles around critical points. === Motivating example === Imagine a torus and a height function which is just the z value of the point. [[File:3D-Leveltorus.png|200px]] It has four critical points: two at the top and bottom of the outer circle (<math display="inline">p_1, p_4</math>) and two at the top and bottom of the inner circle (<math display="inline">p_2, p_3</math>). [picture] When the height is between the <math display="inline">p_1</math> and <math display="inline">p_2</math>, the space is a two-cell, which can be retracted to a point. [picture] When the height is between <math display="inline">p_2</math> and <math display="inline">p_3</math>, the space is a cylinder, which can be retracted to a two-cell with a one-cell attached. [[File:3D-Cylinder_and_disk_with_handle.png|200px]] When the height is between <math display="inline">p_3</math> and <math display="inline">p_4</math>, the space is a torus with a disc removed, which can be retracted to a cylinder with a one-cell attached. [[File:3D-Cylinder_with_handle_and_torus_with_hole.png|200px]] When the height is greater than <math display="inline">p_4</math>, then the full torus is constructed by attaching a two-cell. [Explain in terms of Morse data and Morse index?] === Morse data and quasi-local cycles === As in the above example, we start at the "bottom" of <math display="inline">M</math> and build upwards until just before we reach our first critical point <math display="inline">p</math>. ;Smooth points :This is a tube around a <math display="inline">(d-1)</math>-chain <math display="inline">\gamma</math> where the height function <math display="inline">h</math> is maximised at <math display="inline">p</math>.<ref>Pemantle, Wilson and Melczer 2024, pp. 223.</ref> :For example, if <math display="inline">F(x, y) = \frac{1}{1 - x - y}</math> then <math display="inline">\lambda = 1</math> and <math display="inline">B^\lambda</math> is an arc reaching its highest point at <math display="inline">p</math>. :The normal plane <math display="inline">N</math> at <math display="inline">p</math> is a plane orthogonal to <math display="inline">B^1</math>(?). :Its normal link <math display="inline">L(S)</math> is a circle with two points missing where it intersects <math display="inline">\mathcal{V}</math>. :We make our quasi-local cycle out of the product of the arc and circle joined to <math display="inline">M_-</math> at points below <math display="inline">M_-</math>. :With the exception of degenerate points, such as monkey saddles...<ref>e.g. Pemantle, Wilson and Melczer 2024, pp. 211.</ref> ;Transverse multiple points :This is the product of a <math display="inline">k</math>-torus and a <math display="inline">(d-k)</math>-chain <math display="inline">\gamma</math>. The torus is the product of circles about <math display="inline">p</math> in the complex normal space to each strata which intersects <math display="inline">p</math>. The chain <math display="inline">\gamma</math> is supported in the stratum which is the common intersection of the varieties defined by the factors vanishing at <math display="inline">p</math>, and achieves its maximum height at <math display="inline">p</math>.<ref>Pemantle, Wilson and Melczer 2024, pp. 223-224.</ref> ;Arrangement multiple point :This is the product of a <math display="inline">(d-k)</math>-chain <math display="inline">\gamma</math> and several <math display="inline">k</math>-tori, one for each pair of sheets which intersect transversely, where the torus is the product of circles about <math display="inline">p</math> in each sheet.<ref>Pemantle, Wilson and Melczer 2024, pp. 226.</ref> ;Cone point :A cone point is zero-dimensional so there is no <math display="inline">\gamma</math>, just a <math display="inline">d</math>-torus about <math display="inline">p</math>.<ref>Pemantle, Wilson and Melczer 2024, pp. 227.</ref> == Notes == {{Reflist}} == References == * {{cite book | last1=Goresky | first1=Mark | last2=MacPherson | first2=Robert | title=Stratified Morse Theory | publisher=Springer-Verlag | year=1988 | url=https://www.math.ias.edu/~goresky/pdf/SMT.djvu }} * {{cite book | last=Henle | first1=Michael | title=A Combinatorial Introduction to Topology | publisher=Dover Publications Inc. New York | year=1979 }} * {{citation | last=Mather | first=John | title=Notes on Topological Stability | year=2012 | journal=Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society | volume=49 | number=4 | pages=475-506 | url=https://www.ams.org/journals/bull/2012-49-04/S0273-0979-2012-01383-6/S0273-0979-2012-01383-6.pdf }}. * {{cite book | last1=Pemantle | first1=Robin | last2=Wilson | first2=Mark C. | last3=Melczer | first3=Stephen | title=Analytic Combinatorics in Several Variables | publisher=Cambridge University Press | year=2024 | edition=2nd | url=https://acsvproject.com/PemantleWilsonMelczer23.pdf }} nl7tq9ip8ryycdjnc2qffy1rkrczf1p A-level Chemistry/WJEC/Module 3/Entropy 0 480975 4679444 4627939 2026-11-01T11:28:59Z Ewen 19329 /* Numerical Meaning of ΔG */ 4679444 wikitext text/x-wiki = Entropy = Entropy is often considered to be the measure of disorder in a system. ==An Example== The mass spectrum of bromine includes fragments with masses of 158, 160 and 162. this is because bromine has two isotopes with roughly equal abundance, <sup>79</sup>Br and <sup>81</sup>Br. The 158 fragment is <sup>79</sup>Br<sub>2</sub><sup>+</sup> and the 162 fragment is <sup>81</sup>Br<sub>2</sub><sup>+</sup>. These two fragments are of equal abundance. The 160 fragment is <sup>79</sup>Br-<sup>81</sup>Br<sup>+</sup>. It is twice as abundant as the <sup>79</sup>Br<sub>2</sub><sup>+</sup> and <sup>81</sup>Br<sub>2</sub><sup>+</sup> fragments. Why? There are two ways to make a <sup>79</sup>Br-<sup>81</sup>Br<sup>+</sup> fragment - start with a <sup>79</sup>Br atom and add a <sup>81</sup>Br atom, or start with a <sup>81</sup>Br atom and add a <sup>79</sup>Br atom. Both "microstates" produce the same outcome - a fragment with a mass of 160 - but there is twice the chance of making this mixed fragment. ==Microstates== Systems with high entropy have many "microstates" that can produce the same observed state. The particles of a gas can exist in a Vast number of microstates without any change of pressure or temperature. In a solid, there is less freedom and hence lower entropy. It is not an equation you will need to know, but entropy can be defined as ''S'' = ''R'' ln ''Ω'' where ''R'' is the ideal gas constant, 8.31 J mol<sup>-1</sup> K<sup>-1</sup>, and ''Ω'' is the number of microstates with the same energy as the system. [[File:Binomial distribution for n = 4.gif|thumb|upright=1.0|If you toss a coin 4 times, there are five possible outcomes: 4 heads, 4 tails, and mixes of heads and tails. 4 heads and 4 tails are least likely because there is only one sequence (microstate) that results in 4 heads and one sequence for 4 tails. There are 6 different ways to get 2 heads and 2 tails, however. The entropy of the result "2 tails and 2 heads" is more than the entropy of 4 heads, or of 4 tails.]] === In Chemistry === The entropy of a chemical system is a measure of its disorder or chaos. More precisely, it is a measure of the ''dispersion of energy''. A solid has low entropy (low chaos, orderly) because the molecules are locked into a rigid structure. Their energy is not dispersed freely. A gas has high entropy (high chaos, disorderly) because the molecules are free to move about randomly. The energy of the system is dispersed over a large area with unlimited possibilities of the location of each molecule. As temperature decreases, so does the importance of entropy. Theoretically, at '''absolute zero''' (0 K, or -273 °C), the entropy of the system would be zero. This is because the solid would be perfectly crystallised so that its energy is not dispersed at all. The Second Law of Thermodynamics tells us that the entropy of the universe always increases. An analogy: If you have tiled a floor, the entropy of the system is low. The tiles are very orderly, with each tile fitting into a very specific location. However, the tiles have to be carefully placed in position; A pile of loose tiles is very disorderly. The tiles can be in any position and still be a random pile of tiles. The entropy is naturally larger, even if the tiles are often higher piled on top of one another and therefore have higher energy. Tiles will not spontaneously cover a floor neatly, because high entropy is much more likely than low entropy. [[File:Paving 3, pattern, by Zureks.jpg|thumb|upright=1.5|Paving stones have to be carefully positioned in a pattern. On its own, a pile of stones does not cover a surface efficiently.]] == Entropy Changes == When analysing the entropy change of a chemical reaction, you would need specific numbers. As a guideline, you can estimate the entropy change based on some basic rules: {{TextBox|1= * Melting and boiling ''increases'' entropy * Freezing and condensing ''decreases'' entropy * Dissolving a solid or liquid solute ''increases'' entropy * Dissolving a gaseous solute ''decreases'' entropy (gas has high entropy, which is lost if it is part of a solution) * Forming precipitates ''decreases'' entropy * Mixed gases (e.g. air) have higher entropy than pure gases (e.g. pure N<sub>2</sub>)}} If you do happen to know the absolute entropy of substances in a reaction (by looking it up in a chart), you can calculate the change in entropy. Entropy is symbolised with ''S''. The change in entropy is Δ''S''. As with enthalpy, the [[w:Load_line_(watercraft)|Plimsoll symbol]] (Δ''S''<sup><s>o</s></sup>) represents STP. The change in entropy is the absolute entropy of the products minus the absolute entropy of the reactants. : Δ<sub>r</sub>''S'' = Σ''S''(products) - Σ''S''(reactants) == General Information == American scientist '''Josiah Willard Gibbs''' (1839-1903) created the theory of available energy, known as '''Gibbs Free Energy''', in 1873. The theory relates the energy changes within the chemical reaction and how they depend upon the following quantities: enthalpy, temperature, reagents concentration and entropy of the system. In other words, these quantities will determine whether the reaction is favourable (exergonic) or not (endergonic). The free energy change of a reaction (Δ''G'') can tell us whether or not a reaction occurs spontaneously. Reactions that occur spontaneously have a negative Δ''G'' value. When Δ''G'' is positive, the reaction does not occur spontaneously. When a system forms an equilibrium, then Δ''G'' is close to zero. The Δ''G'' of a reaction is the free energy of the products minus the free energy of the reactants, making it is independent of the reaction pathway. However, the value of Δ''G'' provides no information on the rate of a reaction. == Gibbs Free Energy Equation == The signs of entropy change (Δ<sub>r</sub>''S'') or enthalpy change (Δ<sub>r</sub>''H'') cannot, on their own, determine if a process is spontaneous. For instance, an exothermic reaction becomes spontaneous under certain conditions, and the reverse endothermic reaction can also become spontaneous under different conditions. The water/ice equilibrium is an example to illustrate such conditions. :H<sub>2</sub>O(l) → H<sub>2</sub>O(s) Δ<sub>r</sub>''H'' = -6.02 kJ mol<sup>-1</sup>, Δ<sub>r</sub>''S'' = -22.04 J mol<sup>-1</sup> K<sup>-1</sup> (an exothermic reaction, forming new bonds to make the solid but also losing entropy as the molecules have less freedom in the solid state; spontaneous when ''θ'' < 0 °C) :H<sub>2</sub>O(s) → H<sub>2</sub>O(l) Δ<sub>r</sub>''H'' = +6.02 kJ mol<sup>-1</sup>, Δ<sub>r</sub>''S'' = +22.04 J mol<sup>-1</sup> K<sup>-1</sup> (an endothermic reaction; spontaneous when ''θ'' > 0 °C)" In both reactions, one cannot use enthalpy alone or entropy alone to determine the direction of a spontaneous reaction. Gibbs free energy (Δ<sub>r</sub>''G'') combines enthalpy with the effect of entropy (which is proportional to temperature): The most commonly used equation for Gibbs free energy is: : Δ<sub>r</sub>''G'' = Δ<sub>r</sub>''H'' - ''T''Δ<sub>r</sub>''S'' Where Δ''H'' is change in enthalpy, ''T'' is the absolute temperature of the system (in kelvin, K), Δ''S'' is change in entropy of the system. Take care when using this formula, because Δ<sub>r</sub>''S'' is usually measured in J mol<sup>-1</sup> K<sup>-1</sup> while Δ<sub>r</sub>''G'' and Δ<sub>r</sub>''H'' are measured in '''k'''J mol<sup>-1</sup>. It is simplest to convert Δ<sub>r</sub>''S'' to kJ e.g. Δ<sub>r</sub>''S'' = +22.04 J mol<sup>-1</sup> K<sup>-1</sup> = +0.02204 kJ mol<sup>-1</sup> K<sup>-1</sup>. === Numerical Meaning of Δ''G'' === The more negative the Gibbs free energy, the more favourable the reaction, and the larger the value of the equilibrium constant, ''K''. * If '''Δ''G'' < 0''' (negative), then the reaction will proceed spontaneously, meaning the reaction is favourable. ''K'' > 1. * If '''Δ''G'' = 0''' (equal to zero), then the reaction is at equilibrium. ''K'' = 1 * If '''Δ''G'' > 0''' (positive), then the reaction will not proceed spontaneously, meaning the reaction is unfavourable. ''K'' < 1. When a reaction becomes spontaneous, the effect of entropy balances the effect of enthalpy and Δ<sub>r</sub>''G'' = 0 : ''T'' = Δ<sub>r</sub>''H'' / Δ<sub>r</sub>''S'' In the example of ice turning to water (above), ''T'' = +6.02 / +0.02204 = 273 K i.e. ''θ'' = 0 °C. Notice that the values for the reverse reaction (water turning to ice) give the same value: ''T'' = -6.02 / -0.02204 = 273 K. Is this the temperature where the reaction becomes spontaneous, or where it stops being spontaneous? If ''T'' = 0 K then Δ<sub>r</sub>''G'' = Δ<sub>r</sub>''H''. For the reaction H<sub>2</sub>O(l) → H<sub>2</sub>O(s), Δ<sub>r</sub>''H'' = -6.02 kJ mol<sup>-1</sup>, meaning that this reaction is spontaneous at 0 K and stops being spontaneous when ''T'' reaches 273 K. A simple rule is if Δ<sub>r</sub>''H'' and Δ<sub>r</sub>''S'' are positive, then the reaction is endothermic and spontaneous at high temperatures, and if Δ<sub>r</sub>''H'' and Δ<sub>r</sub>''S'' are negative, then the reaction is exothermic and spontaneous at low temperatures. Free energy can also be found if the free energies of formation are known: : Δ<sub>r</sub>''G'' = ΣΔ<sub>f</sub>''G''(products) - ΣΔ<sub>f</sub>''G''(reactants) ==References== {{reflist}} {{BookCat}} {{cite book | last= Reece |first= Jane |coauthors+ Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Robert B. Jackson |title= [[Biology]] |publisher= [[Pearson]] |year= 2011 |isbn= 978-0-321-55823-7}} Seader, J. D., and Ernest J. Henley. Separation Process Principles. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley, 2006. Print. {{BookCat}} thcjywixt5snn1xowhcgm49m1rpp6hy Create Vampires/Vampire History 0 483372 4679373 4679246 2026-10-31T22:54:24Z 3MMPEYTON 3393808 4679373 wikitext text/x-wiki == '''Vampire History''' == Although reports of vampiric 'beings' have been recorded in cultures from around the world, the term ''vampire'' was coined in Western Europe, after being popularized following reports of mass hysteria during the 18th century. These reports fueled a pre-existing folk belief in vampires in Southeastern and Eastern Europe. [7]<br> This delusion led to accusations of vampirism, and led to the corpses of suspected future vampires being pierced with wooden stakes. <br> <br> In modern times, the vampire is generally held to be a fictitious entity. Early folk beliefs in vampires has sometimes been ascribed to the ignorance of decomposition, the body's process of decaying after death. <br> Perhaps people in pre-industrial societies tried to reason about death, creating the vampire archetype to explain the mysteries of death. <br> Porphyria was linked with vampirism in 1985, and generated many media reports in popular culture, but has largely been discredited. <br> <br> Cultural practices, designed to keep the recently deceased from turning into a undead revenant, often arose around the world. <br> For example, burying a corpse upside-down was widespread, as was placing earthly objects near the grave, in order to appease the dead, so they would stay in their coffins. <br> <br> In Greek folklore, about the ''vrykolakas'', a wax cross and piece of pottery with the inscription "Jesus Christ conquers" was put on the corpse, to prevent the body from turning into a vampire. [7]<br> <br> Other methods popular in Europe, included disjoining the tendons at the knees, or placing poppy seeds, or sand on the grave site of a presumed vampire, this was to keep the vampire occupied all night by counting the grains. A similar Chinese narrative reports that if a vampiric being came across a sack of rice, it would have to count every grain. This archetype emerged in many myths from the Indian subcontinent, as well as in South American tales of witches and other mischievous beings. [7] [[wikipedia:Vampire|Vampire - Wikipedia]]<br> <br> <u>'''Historic Media Vampiric Reports'''</u> <br> The 12th century British historians and chroniclers Walter Map and William of Newburgh recorded accounts of revenants. [1] [2] An early recording of the time came from the region of Istria in modern Croatia, in 1672. Local reports reported a panic amongst the villagers, reacting on their belief that Jure Grando had become a vampire after dying in 1656, drinking his victim's blood and sexually harassing his widow. The leader of the village ordered a stake be driven through Grando's heart. His corpse was later beheaded. [3] In the 18th century, the belief in vampires was once again on the rise. One infamous vampire occurrence involved the corpse of Peter Blagojevic from Serbia. At the age of 62, Blagojevic was reported as dead, but he allegedly returned after his death, asking his son for food. After the son refused, he was found dead the following day. It was believed that Blagojevic returned and attacked some of his neighbors who died from blood loss. [4] Another infamous case, is of the ex-soldier-turned farmer, Milos Cecar. He was allegedly attacked by a vampire years before he died while haying. After his death, people in the surrounding area began to die. It was believed that Milos had returned from the dead to prey on his neighbors. The Blagojevic and Cecar incidents were well-documented. Officials examined the bodies, wrote reports, and even published books, popular throughout Europe. Many rural vampire attacks generated much superstition, and influenced actions taken by locals, such as digging up bodies, and in some cases, stalking them. Government officials joining the village people, engaged in the hunting and staking of vampires. [4] The hysteria commonly referred to as the "vampire controversy," continued for a generation. [5] Dom Augustine Calmet, a French Theologian and Scholar, published a comprehensive treatise in 1751 titled '''Treastise on the Apparitions of Spirits and on Vampires or Revenants''' which investigated and analyzed the evidence for vampirism. In modern day Romania, in February 2004, Toma Petre's relatives, fearing he had become a vampire, dug up his corpse. They tore out his heart, burned it, then mixed its ashes with water, to better drink it. [6] <br> <br> '''Question: What did we learn from periods of mass vampire hysteria, and how did this change cultural practices, human behavior or society?''' Answer: People learned better burial methods, and better techniques for treating the dead. The 1985 media scare that mistakenly linked porphyria, a rare blood disorder, to vampirism shaped late-80s subcultures, and modern vampire tropes. People became more aware of porphyria, and the people effected by the disorder. <br> <br><br> ==== References: ==== 1. Cohen, Daniel (1989). The Encyclopedia of Monsters: Bigfoot, Chinese Wildman, Nessie, Sea Ape, Werewolf and many more ... London: Michael O'Mara Books Ltd. {{ISBN|978-0-948397-94-3}}. <br> <br> 2. William of Newburgh; Halsall, Paul (2000). "Book 5, Chapter 22–24". Historia rerum Anglicarum. Fordham University. Archived from the original on 19 February 2014. Retrieved 16 October 2007 <br> <br> 3. Bohn, Thomas M. (2019). The Vampire: Origins of a European Myth. Cologne: Berghahn Books. pp. 47–49. {{ISBN|978-1-78920-293-9}}. <br> <br> 4. Barber, Paul (1988). Vampires, Burial and Death: Folklore and Reality. New York: Yale University Press. {{ISBN|978-0-300-04126-2}}. <br> <br> 5. Melton, J. Gordon (1994). "Vampire". The Vampire Book. Visible Ink Press. p. 630. the vampire controversy of the 1730s [p.467] ... the eighteenth-century vampire controversy [p. 630] <br> <br> 6. Taylor, T. (28 October 2007). "The real vampire slayers". The Independent. London. Archived from the original on 19 December 2007. Retrieved 14 December 2007 <br> <br> 7. "Vampire." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, October 26, 2026 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vampire <br> <br> <br> <br> <noinclude>{{Chapter navigation with TOC||Scientific Evidence|TOC mini}}</noinclude> <br> {{BookCat}} plxba7xtc38omuq79rhvgxnlk4u2j8m Create Vampires/Asian Folklore 0 483388 4679353 4678036 2026-10-31T20:17:39Z 3MMPEYTON 3393808 4679353 wikitext text/x-wiki == Asian Folklore == <br> {| class="wikitable" |+ Jiangshi Custome |- | [[File:Jiangshi custome.jpg|thumb|jiangshi costume]] |} <br> Accounts of the Chinese vampire, the "blood-sucking ghost," permeated Chinese folklore in the nineteenth century. The tales of the chiang-shih (also spelled kiang shi), or jiangshi, partly derived from a Chinese belief in two souls. [1] <br> <br> Every person is born with two souls, a superior and rational soul and an irrational inferior soul. The superior soul called the p'ai, could leave the body, possess the body of another, even appear in animal form. The inferior soul, called the p'o, was the soul that inhabited the fetus during pregnancy, and was the spirit that lingered in the deceased body. When the p'ai left the body, the body decayed. The body animated by the p'ai was called a chiang-shih, or vampire. [1] <br> <br> The origin of the chiang-shih seems to have started as a way to explain problems associated with death. Deaths due to suicide, hanging, drowning, sudden death, smothering, or an improper burial were likely to start a chiang-shih. If burial procedures were postponed too long, it was thought that the deceased would become angry and restless. Cats were kept away from unburied corpses because of a belief that a cat jumping over a corpse could became a vampire. [1] <br> <br> Hungry Ghost have their roots in Taoism and Buddhism. A belief prevailed that neglect of one's ancestors could lead to the emergence of a hungry ghost. Serious evil deeds, such as killing, sexual misconduct, or stealing, could cause a soul to be born as a hungry ghost. [1] <br> <br> The festival of Hungry Ghosts is celebrated in China each summer on the fifteenth day of the seventh month in the Chinese lunar calendar. [1] <br> <br> The Philippine islands have tribes of people who once developed elaborate mythologies populated with dragons, were-animals, demons, ghosts and vampires. The Capiz parts of the island of Panay was believed to be populated by vampires. [1] <br> <br> The ''aswang'', or the blood-sucker, is a general term used to describe vampire-like creatures. The flying ''aswang'' usually appeared as a beautiful woman who acted like a vampire during the night, returning home just before dawn. It was believed that some ''aswang'' females had a special ointment that they rubbed on their bodies to give them supernatural abilities. In the vampiric state, the ''aswang'' became a large bird that cried out kakak or kikak. It would land on a victim's roof, then let down its long tongue with a sharp point. The tongue was tough enough to puncture the victim's jugular vein. Blood was sucked up through its hollow tongue. Once filled with blood, the ''aswang'' would appear like a pregnant woman. When the woman returned home, she would feed her children who sucked from her breast. [1] <br> <br> The ''aswang'' was a common scary tale that parents would tell their children in order to make them behave. Many Filipinos grew up with some belief in its existence. <br> <br> '''Jiangshi -- Mythical Chinese Vampire-like Being''' <br> <br> Appearance: They appear as a stiff corpse dressed in official garments from the Qing dynasty. In folklore accounts, they are described as having greenish-white skin, possibly due to fungal or mold growth. <br> <br> Nature: Reanimated corpse. <br> <br> Vampiric Activity: Can absorb yang energy <br> <br> Abilities: They are characterized by hopping, and sometimes by flying. <br> <br> Weakness: Mirrors, Peach tree wood, A rooster's call, Jujube seeds, Fire, Vinegar, Adzuki beans, The I Ching, and many more items. <br> <br>[[wikipedia:Jiangshi|Jiangshi - Wikipedia]] '''Manananggal -- Mythical Creature From The Philippines''' Appearance: Grotesque creature. They are known to detach its upper torso from its lower half with its entrails exposed. It grows large wings, similar to bats. Nature: Most are females. Vampiric Activity: It will fly around at night on bat-like wings. They prey on human life: reported to prey on sleeping pregnant women. Its long tongue can draw blood. Ability: Flight Weakness: Salt, Ash, Fire, or Garlic when applied to the lower half, thus preventing it from rejoining. If it does not reunite itself before sunrise, it dies. [[wikipedia:Manananggal|Manananggal - Wikipedia]] '''Penanggalan -- Mythical Malaysian Vampiric Creature''' Appearance: It appears human during the day. By night, it appears like a disembodied woman's head. Its organs trail from its neck. Reported to twinkle. Nature: Witch. Ghost. Vampiric Activity: Hunts by night. Feeds off menstruation, or blood from giving birth. Victims are pregnant women and young boys. Ability: Able to form demonic pacts. Weakness: They can be destroyed by putting broken glass into their empty neck cavity. [[wikipedia:Penanggalan|Penanggalan - Wikipedia]] '''Pontianak / Kuntilanak -- Mythical Malaysian / Indonesian Creature''' Appearance: It usually appears like a beautiful woman, capable of transforming into a ugly monster. Appears like a long haired woman dressed in white. Nature: Vengeful spirit. Vampiric Activity: Preys on human life: feeds off of human organs. The kuntilanak commonly takes the form of a bird and sucks the blood of young women, including virgins. Ability: Can take the form of an owl, or large bird. Weakness: Driving a nail into the hole located on the nape of its neck. [[wikipedia:Kuntilanak|Kuntilanak - Wikipedia]] <br> <br> ==== Reference: ==== 1. Melton, Gordon J. Phd. The Vampire Book: The Encyclopedia of The Undead [Third Edition]. Visible Ink Press. 2014 <br> <br> <br> <noinclude>{{Chapter navigation with TOC||Asian Folklore Part Two|TOC mini}}</noinclude> <br> {{BookCat}} fjpx0g9x9vko88c6xqwsgmcy0z7kbf0 User:Macbookair3140/sandbox 2 485012 4679382 4673771 2026-11-01T01:06:41Z Macbookair3140 166226 Add boilerplate sections 4679382 wikitext text/x-wiki {{User sandbox}} [[Talk:Erlang Programming#Mnesia]]. = Erlang Programming/Using mnesia = Mnesia is a distributed key-value store, it can be replicated across many Erlang nodes. == Creating a database == To create a Mnesia database, the Mnesia application should be started, and the Erlang node(s) used should be specified in a <code>mnesia:create_schema</code> call. === Creating a schema === To start Mnesia and create a Mnesia database on the node which you are currently using:<syntaxhighlight lang="erlang"> % Create a schema in this node only mnesia:create_schema([node()]). % Start Mnesia, does nothing if Mnesia is already started mnesia:start(). </syntaxhighlight> ==== Table copy types ==== Mnesia can store tables within nodes as disk copies, disk only copies, or RAM copies. * Disk-only copies store the table in storage only. (<code>disc_only_copies</code>) * Disk copies store the table in storage and RAM. (<code>disc_copies</code>) * RAM copies store the table in RAM only. (<code>ram_copies</code>) Storing table copies to disk results in slow access time but persists across restarts, while storing table copies to RAM results in fast access time with no restart persistence. To create a table on this node in RAM only:<syntaxhighlight lang="erlang"> % Create a RAM-only table "example1" in this node only % This will return an error if the table already exists, which is normal mnesia:create_table(example1, [ {ram_copies, [node()]}, ]). </syntaxhighlight> === Loading from text files === Mnesia can load and store data from plain text. Use this functionality only for testing. <syntaxhighlight lang="erlang"> % Dump Mnesia tables/state to a file `wikibooks.txt`. mnesia:dump_to_textfile("wikibooks.txt"). % Load the Mnesia tables later. mnesia:load_textfile("wikibooks.txt"). </syntaxhighlight> == Using Mnesia == === Read/write/delete === === Locks === === Queries === == Managing Mnesia == === Backup/restore === === Adding database nodes === === Creating, deleting, and altering table copies === == Fragmenting tables == == Distributing tables == === Local content === === Copies === == Performance == === Dirty operations === pw0pf8xbzfo15q6ygmdv4w8v9sfw1jn Create Vampires/Vampire Historic Fiction 0 485331 4679365 4678470 2026-10-31T22:30:13Z 3MMPEYTON 3393808 4679365 wikitext text/x-wiki == Historic Fiction == <br> Historic Fiction maybe a novel way to create realistic tales about people mistaken for vampires.<br> <br> '''How To Write Fiction with Historic Truths''' - Do your research. <br>- Keep the book's atmosphere historic and gothy. <br>- Use historic settings that were popular vampire locations. <br>- Use mythic origin locations. <br>- Use vampire tropes <br>- Write about a historic period when people believed in the existence of vampires. '''Subgenres and Themes:''' Ancient myths, Late 19th Century books and Alternative American Historic Fiction<br> <br> ''Gothic Period Pieces:'' Books like ''Fragment of a Novel'' by Lord Byron, ''Carmilla'' by J. Sheridan Le Fanu, and ''Dracula'' by Bram Stoker are novels that defined what was and was not a Gothic book.<br> <br> ''Alternative History'': Books like Abraham Lincoln: ''Vampire Hunter'' by Seth Grahame-Smith. <br> <br> ''Mythological Deep Dives:'' Books like ''The Mage In Black'', part of the Sabina Kane series by Jaye Wells, explores the mythical origin connection between Lilith and vampires. True Blood, the HBO TV series, also developed a plot connecting the mythical Lilith as origin and spiritual center for several vampires. <br> <br> <br> <noinclude>{{Chapter navigation with TOC||Dracula|TOC mini}}</noinclude> <br> {{BookCat}} ovt88e84wx5zkc9j4tpyhn6mlcrs6xf Create Vampires/Vampires In Popular Culture 0 485406 4679372 4679242 2026-10-31T22:46:38Z 3MMPEYTON 3393808 4679372 wikitext text/x-wiki == How Have Vampires Shaped Popular Culture In America? == In America, vampires (although fictional) have shaped our popular culture by serving as a type of mirror, reflecting our societal fears, and our hidden attraction towards antiheroes. Vampires currently serve as templates for romantic protagonist and are a dominate archetype across many medias: film, television and literature. <br> <br> '''In Popular Culture Vampires Are:''' <br> <br> - '''''The Universal Outsider''''' <br> <br> Most vampires represent marginalized groups, or symbolize the rebel rejecting strict societal norms. This makes vampires a popular symbol of rebellion and otherness. <br> <br> - '''''Cinematic Icons''''' <br> <br> In 1931 the Actor Bela Lugosi portrayed the most iconic vampire in a film. In Dracula, Lugosi cemented the vampire's iconic look with a long cape, sophisticated dress, and a hypnotic charm. This film shaped how vampires were portrayed in films, in popular culture. <br> <br> - '''''Reflections Of National Anxieties''''' <br> <br> In popular culture, vampires are frequently used to represent marginalized groups, such as immigrants, outsiders, or gay males who try to blend into mainstream society. <br> <br> Through film, vampire "mania" reflected national fears. The blaxploitation film, ''Blacula,'' reflected racial tensions found in real African-American communities during the 1970s. The AIDS epidemic influenced dark horror films made during the 1980s. <br> The films reflected the fears the general public felt surrounding AIDS. <br> After 9-11, American cinema swarmed with horror films centered on survival during post-apocalyptic times. <br> <br> - '''''The Seductive Antihero'''''<br> <br> Anne Rice's influential novel <u>''Interview with the Vampire''</u>, released in 1976, gave vampires emotional depth, a deepened sensuality, and a tormented awareness. <br> <br><br> <noinclude>{{Chapter navigation with TOC||Vampires Memes|TOC mini}}</noinclude> <br> {{BookCat}} odlvxpm9etu4f1lci2e3klte0ezhs3p Maxima/Programming 0 485506 4679320 4679109 2026-10-31T16:54:17Z Idavidmiller 3577687 /* Two Other Simple Examples */ Work in progress. Saving Changes. 4679320 wikitext text/x-wiki =Maxima Programming= Although Maxima is not a general-purpose programming language, Maxima as a CAS includes among the built-in ingredients a relatively complete set of programming expressions that are useful for the intended context. Many of the code examples of this section are intended to be illustrative of technical details relevant to Maxima programming as their purpose, and consequently are intentionally elementary in character. Learning any sort of programming language, including Maxima programming expressions, is a subjective process. In any case, it is essential to have enough technical know-how specific to the programming language in order to begin the learning process, even in cases where much positive transfer from other programming experience is involved. Much can be accomplished mathematically using Maxima without having to resort to in-depth knowledge and proficiency in the technical details of Maxima programming expressions. However, Maxima programming expressions are frequently essential for the purpose of defining functions, both in the programming sense of the term, but also more relevantly, for the mathematical sense. For that reason alone, familiarity and sufficient proficiency with Maxima programming expressions should be given some attention. One way to begin the learning process is to become familiar with enough of the programming essentials to accomplish independent efforts toward accomplishing some specific programming goal of interest. The other way is to study the many available programming expressions of others. This section is intended to provide the essentials toward learning by whatever means are chosen. The following table shows some built-in ingredients related to Maxima programming expressions: {| class="wikitable" |+Maxima Programming Category |if |unless |errcatch |prederror |- |block |for |error |return |- |catch |from |warning |throw |- |local |thru |errormsg |sstatus |- |garbage_collect |step |errormsg |status |- |do |next |go | |- |while |in | | |} Some of these programming expression ingredients can also be considered as belonging to one or more other categories than the Programming category. === Block Expressions === Arguably, the first expressions to consider in the context of Maxima programming are '''''block''''' expressions. All <code>block</code> expressions as programming ingredients come in two flavors: * <code>( expr<sub>1</sub>, expr<sub>2</sub>,…, expr<sub>n</sub> )</code> * <code>block ([v<sub>1</sub>,v<sub>2,</sub>…,v<sub>m</sub>], expr<sub>1</sub>, expr<sub>2</sub>,…, expr<sub>n</sub>)</code> The first form of a <code>block</code> expression is equivalent to the second form, but without the first list argument: <code>[v<sub>1</sub>,v<sub>2,</sub>…,v<sub>m</sub>]</code>, as in <code>block (expr<sub>1</sub>, expr<sub>2</sub>,…, expr<sub>n</sub></code>, unless <code>return</code> or <code>go</code> operators are used in the block expression. In that, case the form <code>block (expr<sub>1</sub>, expr<sub>2</sub>,…, expr<sub>n</sub>)</code> must be used. It should be noted that for Maxima to interpret of the syntax of the first of these forms as a block operator, there must be at least two expressions in the comma-separated sequence of expressions as arguments. Otherwise, Maxima will interpret the parentheses of this syntax as simply grouping related to the precedence order of operations. The purpose of the list argument, <code>[v<sub>1</sub>,v<sub>2,</sub>…,v<sub>m</sub>]</code> is to declare the values of identifiers of the list to be local to the <code>block</code>. If there is no need for local identifiers, the list argument can be omitted (unless <code>return</code> or <code>go</code> operators are used in the <code>block</code> expression), and either form is sufficient.<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima">/* This block expression */ (%i1) (x : 2, x^2); (%o1) 4 /* Is equivalent to this block expression */ (%i2) block (x : 2, x^2); (%o2) 4</syntaxhighlight>So, in the case where values of identifiers local to the <code>block</code> of expressions are not required, then the choice of either form of the <code>block</code> expression is a matter of user preference. In both cases, the values of identifiers referenced in the <code>block</code> are global, and not local to the <code>block</code> expression. However, for the sake of clarity and consistency use of the latter form may be a better choice. <syntaxhighlight lang="maxima"> /* The value 3 assigned to x is global */ (%i3) x : 3; (x) 3 /* The value 2 assigned to x in the block is global */ (%i4) (x : 2, x^2); (%o4) 4 /* The global value assigned to x in the block is 2 not 3 */ (%i5) x; (%o5) 2 </syntaxhighlight>Values of identifiers local to the <code>block</code> may not be global:<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima">/* the value of identifier y is local only */ (%i6) block ([y], y : 4, y); (%o6) 4 /* the global value of identifier y is not 4, but is itself */ (%i7) y; (%o7) y /* the values of identifiers x and y are both local */ (%i8) block ([x,y], x : 3, y : 4, x); (%o8) 3 /* the global value of identifier x is not 3, but is 2 */ (%i9) x; (%o9) 2 /* the global value of identifier y is not 4, but is itself */ (%i10) y; (%o10) y</syntaxhighlight> Regardless of the form of the <code>block</code> expressions these have in common the comma-separated expression arguments <code>expr<sub>1</sub>, expr<sub>2</sub>,…, expr<sub>n</sub></code> which are evaluated each in turn from first to last (unless the evaluation sequence is modified by by the <code>go</code>, <code>throw</code>, or <code>return</code> operators), and the value of the block expression is the value of <code>expr<sub>n</sub></code>. The main purpose of the <code>block</code> expression, regardless of the form, is to group expressions that are related in some manner, and the value of the last expression may be the only value of interest. However, there are very few limitations imposed on the nature of the <code>block</code> expression arguments, so it might be the case that the purpose of evaluating the <code>block</code> expression has been achieved before the last expression argument is evaluated, in which case the value of the <code>block</code> expression may not necessarily be the value of the last argument expression. One way to accomplish that is to use an empty string as the last argument expression with the option flag <code>stringdisp</code> set to <code>false</code> which is the default value.<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima"> (%i11) stringdisp; (%o11) false (%i12) block ([x,y], x : 3, y : 4, x, ""); (%o12) (%i13) block ([x,y], x : 3, y : 4, x)$ </syntaxhighlight> The display of the value of the <code>block</code> expression may be suppressed using a <code>$</code> to end the input expression instead of a semi-colon. Either technique produces a <code>block</code> expression value, but the value is not displayed. If a <code>return</code> operator is evaluated as a argument expression, this will cause evaluation of expression arguments to end explicitly, and the value of the <code>return</code> operator becomes the value of the <code>block</code> expression.<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima"> (%i14) is (equal (x, 2)); (%o14) true %i15) block (if is (equal (x, 2)) then return (x), " x not 2"); (%o15) 2 (%i16) x : 3; (x) 3 (%i17) block (if is (equal (x, 2)) then return (x), "x not 2"); (%o17) x not 2 </syntaxhighlight>When a <code>return</code> operator is evaluated within a <code>block</code> expression the result is to stop evaluation of expressions within the enclosing <code>block</code> expression and to return the value of its argument as the value of the enclosing <code>block</code> expression. It therefore can be compared with the <code>return</code> statement found in other programming languages, but with one difference: In Maxima, the <code>return</code> operator affects only the block expression in which the <code>return</code> operator is an expression, and has no effect otherwise.<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima">(%i18) test_nested_block (val) := block ( [outer_var : 10], print("Entering outer block expression"), /* inner block expression */ block( [inner_var : 20], print (" Entering inner block expression"), if val > 5 then /* another inner block expression */ block ( print (" val > 5"), print (" Returning only to inner block expression"), return (inner_var + val) /* returns only to the inner block expression */ ), /* end of another inner block expression */ print (" inner_var + val is ", inner_var + val) ), /* end of inner block expression */ print ("Back in outer block expression"), outer_var + val /* end of outer block expression */ )$ (%i19) test_nested_block (1); Entering outer block expression Entering inner block expression inner_var + val is 21 Back in outer block expression (%o19) 11 (%i20) test_nested_block (6); Entering outer block expression Entering inner block expression val > 5 Returning only to inner block expression Back in outer block expression (%o20) 16</syntaxhighlight> '''''The <code>block</code> operators''''': Each instance may define local variables and has a comma-separated sequence of expressions as arguments. '''''Nested blocks''''': There are three <code>block</code> operators used in the right-hand side of the function definition expression named <code>test_nested_block (val</code>. There is an outer <code>block</code> expression that has an inner <code>block</code> expression as an argument,and there is a third <code>block</code> expression that is an argument of the inner <code>block</code> expression. '''''The <code>return</code> operator''''': If <code>val > 5</code> is <code>true</code> then the return operator of the most inner <code>block</code> expression is evaluated and evaluation of remaining expressions of that block expression does not occur. The value of that most inner <code>block</code> expression is the value of the argument of the return operator – <code>inner_var + val</code>. Evaluation of expressions continues with the first expression of the inner <code>block</code> expression after the end of the most inner <code>block</code> expression – which is <code>print ("   inner_var + val is ", inner_var + val)</code>. The value of the <code>print</code> operator is the value of <code>inner_var + val</code>. However, while that value is the value of the inner <code>block</code> expression it is effectively lost, as it is not the last expression of the outer <code>block</code> sequence of expressions. That value is the value of <code>outer_var + val</code>, which, being the last expression of the outer <code>block</code> is always the value of the function. ==== Block Expression Evaluation Sequence Modifications ==== <code>block</code> expression arguments <code>expr<sub>1</sub>, expr<sub>2</sub>,…, expr<sub>n</sub></code> are generally evaluated each in turn from first to last, and the value of the <code>block</code> expression is the value of <code>expr<sub>n</sub></code> unless this sequence is modified by some means. One way to modify the first-to-last expression evaluation sequence of a <code>block</code> expression is by way of a <code>go</code> operator with a ''label'' (or ''"tag"'') argument ( the ''"go to"'') as the following exemplifies:<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima"> (%i18) sum_to_n (n) := block ( [i : 1, total : 0], loop, total : total + i, i : i + 1, if i <= n then go (loop), total)$ (%i19) sum_to_n(25); (%o19) 325 (%i20) n; (%o20) n (%i21) i; (%o21) i (%i22) total; (%o22) total </syntaxhighlight> Note the following: * <code>'''block ([ i : 1,total : 0], ...)'''</code>: The list argument creates a local environment with local identifiers <code>i</code> and <code>total</code>. The function argument <code>n</code> is also a local identifier. * <code>'''loop'''</code>: This label serves as a target inside the <code>block</code> expression to where <code>go (loop)</code> can jump. * <code>'''if i <= n then go (loop)'''</code>: This conditional expression causes the <code>go (loop)</code> operator to be evaluated if the condition is <code>true</code>. * <code>'''total'''</code>: The value of this local identifier is the returned value of the <code>block</code> expression. It should also be worth noting that the identifiers <code>n</code>, <code>i</code>, and <code>total</code> have local values assigned within the <code>block</code> expression, but their global values are themselves. Also notice that the identifiers <code>i</code> and <code>total</code> were both declared local and assigned initial values within the <code>block</code> list argument. The ''go-to'' label argument of the <code>go</code> operator must be the name of a tag appearing within the same block expression. The <code>go</code> operator cannot be used to go to a tag in a different <code>block</code> expression. There is nothing special about the <code>loop</code> identifier name used for the go-to tag in this example. Other identifiers could be used, but they must be atomic. Another way to modify a <code>block</code> expression evaluation sequence is by way of the <code>throw</code> operator.<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima">(%i32) /* Define a function using a block expression that searches for a specific condition and a throw value to catch */ find_element (target_list, threshold) := block ( [found_val : false], /* local identifier value */ catch( for x in target_list do ( if x > threshold then ( /* Immediately exit the block and return this value */ throw (x) ) ), /* This string is returned only if the do loop finishes without a throw to catch */ "No element exceeded the threshold" ) )$ (%i31) /* Test the block */ find_element ( [10, 20, 55, 80], 50 ); (%o31) 55</syntaxhighlight>This example unpacks as follows: <code>'''catch (...)'''</code>: This expression creates a target scope that ''"catches"'' the value of any <code>throw</code> expression evaluated within that scope. <code>'''throw (x)'''</code>: When Maxima encounters this operator, it immediately stops evaluation of the <code>do</code> loop expression '''''and the rest of the''''' <code>block</code> '''''expression.''''' It jumps directly out of the scope of the <code>catch</code> expression, returning the value of <code>x</code> as the value of the entire <code>catch</code> expression. ==== Nested Block Expressions ==== <code>block</code> operators may appear within other block expressions as arguments – '''''nested''''' <code>block</code> expressions. A local environment with local identifiers may be created for nested block expressions. Local values for identifiers, if declared by a first <code>block</code> operator list argument, are created each time a nested <code>block</code> is evaluated. However, identifiers with global values that have not been declared as local within any <code>block</code> expressions, are global values for nested <code>block</code> expressions as well as enclosing <code>block</code> expressions. Likewise, local identifiers of any enclosing <code>block</code> expression have values that are global within any enclosed blocks, if not declared as local within the enclosed block. If the value of an identifier is not local in a <code>block</code> expression, its value is the value most recently assigned by an enclosing <code>block</code> expression, if any value has been assigned. Otherwise, it is the value of the identifier in the global environment. <syntaxhighlight lang="maxima"> (%i23) z : 2^(1/3); (z) 2^(1/3) (%i24) /* Outer block starts */ block ( [x : 10, y : 20], /* values of x and y declared local to outer block */ /* Inner block starts */ block ( [y : 99, z : 100], /* values of y and z declared local to inner block */ print ("Inside inner block:"), print ("x =", x, "is the value of x from outer block"), print ("y =", y, "is the local value of y of outer block"), print("z =", z, "is the local value of z of inner block") ), /* Inner block ends */ /* Outer block resumes */ print ("Back in outer block:"), print ("x =", x, "is the value of x from outer block"), print ("y =", y, "is the restored value of y of the outer block"), print ("z =", z, "is the value of z global to both blocks") /* Outer block ends */ )$ Inside inner block: x = 10 is the value of x from outer block y = 99 is the local value of y of outer block z = 100 is the local value of z of inner block Back in outer block: x = 10 is the value of x from outer block y = 20 is the restored value of y of the outer block z = 2^(1/3) is the value of z global to both blocks </syntaxhighlight> ==== Values, Properties, and the <code>local</code> Operator ==== The expression <code>local (v<sub>1</sub>, v<sub>2</sub>, ... , v<sub>m</sub>)</code> within a <code>block</code> expression saves the '''''properties''''' associated with the symbols <code>v<sub>1</sub>, v<sub>2</sub>, ... , v<sub>m</sub></code>, removes any properties before evaluating other expressions, and restores any saved properties on exit from the block. Because Maxima is an application based on the Common Lisp programming language, it utilizes Lisp '''''symbol''''' structure. Lisp symbols are objects that carry their own "dictionary" of attributes. A Lisp symbol's internal property list (''plist'') is a built-in data structure attached directly to a symbol. Maxima uses this underlying Lisp symbol structure to associate '''''properties''''' with Maxima identifiers. Properties of identifiers can be ''declared explicitly'' by users. <syntaxhighlight lang="maxima"> (%i23) declare (x, real); (%o23) done </syntaxhighlight> However, some identifier property declarations are ''implemented implicitly'' as properties of a symbol, including <code>:=</code>, <code>array</code>, <code>dependencies</code>, <code>atvalue</code>, <code>matchdeclare</code>, <code>atomgrad</code>, <code>constant</code>, <code>nonscalar</code>, <code>assume</code>, and some others. Below is a description of how each of those specific declarations is implemented as a property under the hood: ====== Functions and Arrays ====== * '''<code>:=</code> (Function Definition):''' When you define a function using <code>f(x) := x^2</code>, the actual expression (<code>x^2</code>) and its argument list (<code>x</code>) are stored as a property of the symbol <code>f</code>. * '''<code>array</code>:''' When you declare or use a subscripted array (like <code>a[i]</code>), the array type, dimensions, and memory pointer are attached as a property to the symbol <code>a</code>. This differentiates it from a standard scalar variable. ====== Calculus and Dependencies ====== * '''<code>dependencies</code>:''' If you declare <code>depends(y, x)</code>, Maxima attaches a dependency list property to <code>y</code> noting that it functionally depends on <code>x</code>. This tells the <code>diff</code> (differentiation) engine not to treat <code>y</code> as a constant relative to <code>x</code>. * '''<code>atvalue</code>:''' When you define a specific value for an expression at a boundary point (e.g., <code>atvalue(y, x=0, 1)</code>), this boundary constraint is stored as an evaluation property on the symbol <code>y</code>. * '''<code>atomgrad</code>:''' This assigns a specific gradient or derivative to an atomic identifier (e.g., telling Maxima what (df/dx) is explicitly). Maxima saves this rule as a gradient property on that symbol. ====== Pattern Matching and Rules ====== * '''<code>matchdeclare</code>:''' Used in Maxima's pattern-matching system (like <code>tellsimp</code>). When you type <code>matchdeclare(x, freeof(a))</code>, Maxima attaches a predicate property to <code>x</code>. When a pattern rule runs, Maxima looks at property list of <code>x</code> to see what conditions a matching expression must meet. ====== Mathematical and Evaluation Attributes ====== * '''<code>constant</code>:''' Declaring <code>declare(c, constant)</code> places a "constant" flag on property list of <code>c</code>. Core routines (like integration and differentiation) check this flag to know they can pull <code>c</code> out of integrals or differentiate it to zero. * '''<code>nonscalar</code>:''' Tells Maxima to treat a symbol as a matrix or vector rather than a regular number. This property changes how operators like <code>.</code> (non-commutative multiplication) treat the symbol. * '''<code>assume</code>:''' When an expression such as <code>assume(x > 0)</code> is used, Maxima's database system (<code>context</code>) assigns facts and properties (like <code>pos</code> or <code>nonnegative</code>) to the symbol <code>x</code>, allowing the simplifier to safely reduce expressions like <code>sqrt(x^2)</code> to <code>x</code>. The effect of the <code>local</code> operator is to make such declarations effective only within a <code>block</code> expression. Otherwise, declarations within a <code>block</code> expression are considered to be global declarations. So what does all of this mean to the typical Maxima user? It means that the list of identifiers that is the first argument of a <code>block</code> expression only declares the '''''values''''' of those identifiers as local to the <code>block</code> expression in which the list is an argument. Any properties of identifiers are not declared local by this means. In order to declare '''''properties''''' of identifiers to be local to a <code>block</code> expression, the <code>local</code> operator must be used as an expression within the <code>block</code> expression. At the point where the local operator is evaluated as an argument of a <code>block</code> expression, the properties of the identifiers that are arguments to the <code>local</code> operator become local to the block. It is not an unfair criticism that perhaps the <code>local</code> operator should have been named something like <code>local_properties</code>. <syntaxhighlight lang="maxima"> (%i25) f (s) := cos (s); (%o25) f(s):=cos(s) (%i26) f (%pi/6); (%o26) sqrt(3)/2 (%i27) block (local (f), f (s) := sin (s), f (%pi/6)); (%o27) 1/2 (%i28) f (s); (%o28) cos(s) </syntaxhighlight>In the above example, the '''''properties''''' of identifier <code>f</code> were declared to be local in the <code>block</code> expression using the <code>local</code> operator. However, global properties of the identifier <code>f</code> were not affected by the local function definition of <code>f</code> in the <code>block</code> expression. The global definition expression of <code>f</code> which is <code>cos (s)</code> and the argument <code>s</code> were not affected by the local definition of <code>f</code> because the properties of <code>f</code> were declared local to the <code>block</code> expression. <code>block</code> expressions can be used for different purposes in the Maxima programming context. <code>block</code> expressions can be used in a stand-alone fashion or as part of an expression. However, <code>block</code> expressions are commonly used in expressions that define '''''functions''''', which is the topic that follows. === Functions === {| class="wikitable" |+Function Definition Operators and Identifiers |<code>:=</code> |<code>fundef</code> |<code>buildq</code> |- |<code>::=</code> |<code>lambda</code> |<code>macros</code> |- |<code>define</code> |<code>local</code> |<code>slice</code> |- |<code>dispfun</code> |<code>remfunction</code> | |- |<code>functions</code> |<code>setup_autoload</code> | |} As a technical term '''''function''''' is aptly characterized as being overloaded. In the context of Maxima as a CAS, it has both a programming meaning and a mathematical meaning in terms of usage. In this book, the convention is to refer to what may otherwise be referred to as built-in Maxima functions as ''operators'' including those of built-in packages. By this convention, the term '''''function''''' in this book refers exclusively to expressions composed by the user by way of the <code>:=</code> or <code>define</code> operators. As has been mentioned elsewhere in this book, what are conventionally termed ''operators'' that are built-in to Maxima, are at the level of underlying expression construction, Lisp procedures of one type or another. So it makes sense to simply refer to built-in Maxima functions and operators simply as operators one and all. This convention obviates the need for the repetitious use of qualifiers such as ''built-in Maxima'' and ''user-defined'' functions. There are two operators used to define functions as follows: # The <code>''''':='''''</code> operator # The <code>'''define'''</code> operator <var><code>f (x<sub>1</sub>, x<sub>2,</sub> ..., x<sub>n</sub>) ''':=''' expr</code> <code>f</code> <code>[x<sub>1</sub>, x<sub>2,</sub> ..., x<sub>n</sub>] ''':=''' expr</code> <code>f</code> <code>[x<sub>1</sub>, x<sub>2,</sub> ..., x<sub>n</sub>](y<sub>1</sub>, y<sub>2</sub>, ..., y<sub>m</sub>) ''':=''' expr</code></var> <code>define (f</code> <code>(x<sub>1</sub>, x<sub>2,</sub> …, x<sub>n</sub>), expr)</code> <code>define (f</code> <code>[x<sub>1</sub>, x<sub>2,</sub> …, x<sub>n</sub>], expr)</code> <code>define (f</code> <code>[x<sub>1</sub>, x<sub>2,</sub> …, x<sub>n</sub>](y<sub>1</sub>, y<sub>2,</sub> …, y<sub>m</sub>), expr)</code> <code>define (funmake (f, [</code><code>x<sub>1</sub>, x<sub>2,</sub> …, x<sub>n</sub>]), expr)</code> <code>define (arraymake (f, [</code><code>x<sub>1</sub>, x<sub>2,</sub> …, x<sub>n</sub>]), expr)</code> <code>define (ev (</code><code>expr<sub>1</sub>, expr<sub>2</sub>))</code> where <code>expr</code> is some Maxima expression that is commonly referred to as the ''function body''. As can be concluded from the above, each of these operators has different forms of syntax that can be used. In any case, the most significant differences between these two operators are in terms of the evaluation of the function body and the composition and identification of functions dynamically. * '''Evaluation:''' ** The <code>:=</code> operator '''suppresses (quotes)''' the evaluation of the function body when this operator is first evaluated. It does not evaluate or simplify the function body until the function identifier itself is evaluated with arguments. ** The <code>define()</code> operator '''evaluates''' the function body when this operator is first evaluated. If the function body involves intermediate computations, substituted values, or extracted parts of expressions (like <code>rhs()</code> or derivative results), the <code>define()</code> operator includes the evaluated results of those directly into the function body. * '''Dynamic Function Composition and Identifiers:''' ** Function identifiers cannot easily be composed dynamically on the left-hand side of the <code>:=</code> operator when used inside programmatic loop expressions or in scripts. ** The <code>define()</code> operator accepts expressions like <code>funmake</code> or evaluated symbols as its first argument, allowing the composition and identification of functions dynamically during evaluation. So, there are in general two different operators that can be used to define and evaluate functions. The choice by the Maxima user between these two operators depends on the purpose and context. ==== Function Definition Using the <code>:=</code> Operator ==== For the purpose of understanding the two ways of defining functions, consider the following example which is elementary, but in terms of clarification is not merely simple:<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima">/* "kill" all previously used identifier and values */ (%i29) kill (all); (%o0) done /* assign identifier x the global value of 5 */ (%i1) x : 5; (x) 5 /* define f as a function with local argument x */ (%i2) f (x) := x; (%o2) f(x):=x /* evaluate f at local value of x is 3 */ (%i3) f (3); (%o3) 3 /* the global value of x is not affected */ (%i4) x; (%o4) 5 /* show the definition expression of the function named f */ (%i5) fundef (f); (%o5) f(x):=x</syntaxhighlight>'''Function Definition Using the''' '''<code>define</code> Operator'''<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima"> /* define a function with identifier g with a local argument y and with a function body of identifier x */ (%i3) define (g('x), x); (%o3) g(x):=5 /* identifier x of the function body is evaluated */ /* identifier x as an argument of g is local in scope */ (%i4) fundef (g); (%o4) g(x):=5 /* the same identifier x used in three different roles */ /* used as the global name of a function x */ /* used as a local argument of a function */ /* used as an unevaluated expression for a function body */ (%i7) x(x) := x; (%o7) x(x):=x (%i9) x(3); (%o9) 3 (%i10) x; (%o10) 5 (%i8) fundef (x); (%o8) x(x):=x (%i11) define (x('x), x); (%o11) x(x):=5 (%i12) fundef (x); (%o12) x(x):=5 </syntaxhighlight>The purpose of this example is not to encourage this sort of syntax as a typical choice for identifiers and function definitions. The purpose is to clarify how Maxima implicitly determines the scope and meaning of identifiers used for function definition in the absence of any explicit user stipulations. It should be noted that the <code>define</code> operator not only evaluates the expression that is the function body, it also evaluates the arguments of the function identifier that is the first argument of the <code>define</code> operator. Since there is a global value of the identifier <code>x</code> of <code>5</code>, it was necessary to suppress evaluation (quote) the argument in the expression <code>(%i12) define ('x), x);</code> as otherwise an error would be the result:<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima"> /* define a new function named x */ (%i14) define (x('x), 'x^2); (%o14) x(x):=x^2 /* check the definition of the new function named x */ (%i15) fundef (x); (%o15) x(x):=x^2 /* the identifier x has a global value */ (%i16) values; (%o16) [x] /* the global value of identifier x is 5 */ (%i17) x; (%o17) 5 /* the suppressed global value 'x of identifier x is x */ (%i18) 'x; (%o18) x /* not quoting the global value of identifier x is an error */ (%i19) define (x(x), 'x^2); define: in definition of x, parameter must be a symbol and must not be a system constant; found: 5 -- an error. To debug this try: debugmode(true); </syntaxhighlight> ==== Understanding the Differences Between the <code>:=</code> and <code>define</code> Operators ==== In cases such as these, the suppression of evaluation by quoting is a user stipulation as to evaluation. Users must be aware of these differences between the two operators (<code>:=</code> and <code>define</code>) for the purpose of function definition in order to achieve what is intended and to avoid errors,<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima"> (%i20) f (x) := 3*x^3 + 4*x - 5; (%o20) f(x):=3*x^3+4*x-5 (%i21) fundef (f); (%o21) f(x):=3*x^3+4*x-5 (%i22) f(2); (%o22) 27 (%i23) define (f (x) , 3*x^3 + 4*x - 5); define: in definition of f, parameter must be a symbol and must not be a system constant; found: 5 -- an error. To debug this try: debugmode(true); (%i24) define (f ('x) , 3*x^3 + 4*x - 5); (%o24) f(x):=390 (%i25) define (f ('x) , '(3*x^3 + 4*x - 5)); (%o25) f(x):=3*x^3+4*x-5 (%i26) fundef (f); (%o26) f(x):=3*x^3+4*x-5 (%i27) f(2); (%o27) 27 </syntaxhighlight>What is true in the case of these elementary examples is true in general for function definitions involving multiple arguments:<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima"> /* x has a global value of 5 while y is local to g */ (%i28) g (x, y) := x^3 - y^2; (%o28) g(x,y):=x^3-y^2 (%i29) g (6,2); (%o29) 212 (%i30) define (g('x, y), 'x^3 - y^2); (%o30) g(x,y):=x^3-y^2 (%i31) values; (%o31) [x] (%i32) g (6,2); (%o32) 212 </syntaxhighlight>The <code>define</code> operator is a good choice in cases where an existing expression is used as the function body:<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima"> (%i33) /* assign an expression to identifier expr */ expr : diff('x^3, 'x); /* Returns 3*x^2 */ (expr) 3*x^2 (%i34) /* evaluate expr and define h (x) := 3*x^2 */ define (h ('x), expr); (%o34) h(x):=3*x^2 </syntaxhighlight>In cases in which functions require local variables or more than one expression for the function body, use the block operator:<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima"> (%i35) remvalue (x); (%o35) [x] (%i36) values; (%o36) [expr] --> power_sum (x, y) := block ( /* values of these identifiers are explicitly local to the function */ [sqx, sqy], /* unevaluated identifiers x and y are local arguments of the function and values of these identifiers are implicitly local to the function */ sqx : x^2, sqy : y^2, sqx + sqy /* the value of the function */ )$ (%i37) fundef (power_sum); (%o37) power_sum(x,y):=block([sqx,sqy],sqx:x^2,sqy:y^2,sqx+sqy) (%i38) power_sum (3,4); (%o38) 25 </syntaxhighlight>The <code>define</code> operator could also be used to define this function, but with different definition values as a consequence:<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima">(%i39) define (power_sum (x,y), block ( [sqx,sqy], sqx : x^2, sqy : y^2, sqx + sqy ) )$ (%i40) fundef (power_sum); (%o40) power_sum(x,y):=y^2+x^2 (%i41) power_sum (3,4); (%o41) 25</syntaxhighlight>The function definition of <code>power_sum</code> is different using the <code>define</code> operator instead of the <code>:=</code> operator. The value of the function when referenced with arguments (<code>power_sum (3,4)</code>) is the same in both cases – <code>25</code>. However, in general for defining functions, this may not be the case. The choice between these two operators depends on the intentions of the user. ==== Practical Considerations Related to Function Composition ==== In general, programming is a technical skill as well as a subjective art. So, absolute rules are not offered here. For practical purposes some "guidelines" are offered here that may be useful for Maxima function composition as well as Maxima programming in general: * * * * * Consider the following linear algebraic equation: <math display="block">3y - 7x = 10</math> As an example suppose the value that is sought is the slope <code>m</code> of this equation, and in general, the slope of any linear equation regardless of the form. <syntaxhighlight lang="maxima">/* assign the linear equation to an identifier */ (%i42) lineqn : 3*y - 7*x = 10; (lineqn) 3*y-7*x=10 /* solve the linear equation for y */ (%i43) solve([lineqn], [y]) (%o43) [y=(7*x+10)/3] /* use the index [1] of the list to get the solved equation */ (%i44) solve([lineqn], [y])[1] (%o44) y=(7*x+10)/3 /* use the rhs operator to get right-hand side */ (%i45) rhs(solve([lineqn], [y])[1]); (%o45) (7*x+10)/3 /* use the expand operator change the RHS */ (%i46) expand(rhs(solve([lineqn], [y])[1])); (%o46) (7*x)/3+10/3 /* use the coeff operator to get the coefficient of x */ (%i47) coeff(expand(rhs(solve([lineqn], [y])[1])),x,1); (%o47) 7/3 /* define the function with an argument eqn for lineqn */ (%i48) m (eqn) := coeff (expand (rhs (solve ([eqn], [y])[1])),x,1)$ /* check the function definition */ (%i49) fundef (m); (%o49) m(eqn):=coeff(expand(rhs((solve([eqn],[y]))[1])),x,1) /* reference the function using lineqn as an argument */ (%i50) m (lineqn); (%o50) 7/3 /* assign a different linear equation to lineqn */ (%i51) lineqn : x = 6*y + 13; (lineqn) x=6*y+13 /* reference the function using lineqn as an argument */ %i52) m (lineqn); (%o52) 1/6</syntaxhighlight>The function body of this example will result in an error if it is used with the <code>define</code> operator:<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima"> (%i53) define ( m (eqn), coeff (expand (rhs (solve ([eqn], [y])[1])),x,1) )$ inpart: invalid index 1 of list or matrix. -- an error. To debug this try: debugmode(true); </syntaxhighlight>This error is a consequence of the evaluation that occurs when using the <code>define</code> operator. In this case, this evaluation results in a reference to the indexed value of a list object that does not exist when evaluation occurs during definition – <code>solve ([eqn], [y])[1]</code>. ==== Memoizing Functions ==== The functions discussed so far are often referred to as '''''ordinary functions'''''. The arguments of ordinary functions are enclosed using parentheses – <var><code>(x<sub>1</sub>, x<sub>2,</sub> ..., x<sub>n</sub>)</code>.</var> Function definition forms which include arguments enclosed by brackets (as in <var><code>[x<sub>1</sub>, x<sub>2,</sub> ..., x<sub>n</sub>]</code></var>) are called '''''memoizing functions'''''. Memoizing functions can be categorized both as functions and as data structures – specifically a ''hashed array'' of values. Memoizing functions are also referred to as '''''array functions'''''. In any case, memoizing functions can be defined using either the <code>:=</code> operator or the <code>define</code> operator. If the form of the function definition expression is <code>f [x<sub>1</sub>, x<sub>2</sub>,..., x<sub>n</sub>] := expr</code> The function body <code>expr</code> is evaluated once for each individual value of the arguments, and that value is the value of the function, without again evaluating the function body, whenever referenced using arguments that have those same values. Once evaluated during a function reference with arguments, that value of a memoizing function is thereby "frozen" in other words. This frozen value also becomes an instance of a hashed array data structure that can be referenced by way of the value of the index used as an argument when first evaluated. In keeping with previous practice, the examples provided here are intentionally elementary for the purpose of demonstrating and clarifying the technical aspects involved. There is thereby no intention to convey that the composition of function definition expressions with multiple arguments and complex expressions for the function body is ruled out or of lesser practical value. <syntaxhighlight lang="maxima">/* define a memoizing function f */ /* x and n may serve as both arguments and array indices */ (%i54) f [x, n] := x^n; (%o54) f[x,n]:=x^n /* check the array information for f */ (%i55) arrayinfo (f); (%o55) [hashed,2] /* f does not appear in the list of functions */ (%i56) functions; (%o56) [m(lineqn)] /* reference f with argument values */ (%i57) f [2,3] ; (%o57) 8 /* check the array information for f again */ (%i58) arrayinfo (f); (%o58) [hashed,2,[2,3]] /* list the array values of f */ (%i59) listarray (f); (%o59) [8] /* f does appear in the list of arrays */ (%i60) arrays; (%o60) [f] /* reference f with new argument values */ (%i61) f [5,2]; (%o61) 25 /* check the array information for f again */ (%i62) arrayinfo (f); (%o62) [hashed,2,[2,3],[5,2]] /* list the array values of f */ (%i63) listarray (f); (%o63) [8,25]</syntaxhighlight>An expression of the form <code>define (f [x1, x2</code><code>,…, xn], expr)</code> may also be used to define the same memoizing function <code>f</code> in this case as the evaluation imposed by the <code>define</code> operator during evaluation of these function arguments and this function body that occurs makes no difference:<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima"> /* remove the function definition and values of f */ (%i64) remarray (f); (%o64) [f] /* the list of arrays is now empty */ (%i65) arrays; (%o65) [] /* define the same memoizing function f using the define operator */ /* evaluation makes no difference to the definition of f in this case */ (%i66) define (f [x,n], x^n); (%o66) f[x,n]:=x^n /* reference f with different argument values */ (%i67) f [3, 2]; (%o67) 9 /* reference f again with different argument values */ (%i68) f [2, 5]; (%o68) 32 /* f again appears in the list of arrays */ (%i69) arrays; (%o69) [f] /* check the array information for f */ (%i70) arrayinfo (f); (%o70) [hashed,2,[2,5],[3,2]] /* list the array values of f */ (%i71) listarray (f); (%o71) [32,9] </syntaxhighlight> ===== Special Forms of Memoizing Functions ===== <code>f [x<sub>1</sub>, x<sub>2</sub>,..., x<sub>n</sub>](y<sub>1</sub>, y<sub>2</sub>,..., y<sub>m</sub>):= expr</code> or <code>define (f</code> <code>[x<sub>1</sub>, x<sub>2,</sub> …, x<sub>n</sub>](y<sub>1</sub>, y<sub>2,</sub> …, y<sub>m</sub>), expr)</code> An expression of the form <code>f [x<sub>1</sub>, x<sub>2</sub>,..., x<sub>n</sub>](y<sub>1</sub>, y<sub>2</sub>,..., y<sub>m</sub>):= expr</code>, or alternatively of the form <code>define (f [x1, x2</code><code>,…, xn](y<sub>1</sub>, y<sub>2</sub>,..., y<sub>m</sub>), expr)</code>, may also be used to define a memoizing function named <code>f</code>. When either of these forms are used to compose a function definition expression, there is a sense in which the resulting function is a hybrid – part memoizing function, and part "ordinary" function. These forms create a hashed array of functions where the array subscripts <code>[x<sub>1</sub>, x<sub>2</sub>,..., x<sub>n</sub>]</code> evaluate immediately to "specialize" the function body, while the ordinary function arguments <code>(y<sub>1</sub>, y<sub>2</sub>,..., y<sub>m</sub>)</code> are used when evaluating these individual functions.<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima">/* Define a function for an array of "shifted" power functions */ (%i72) define( p[n](x), x^n + n ); (%o72) p[n](x):=x^n+n (%i73) p[2]; (%o73) lambda([x],x^2+2) (%i74) p[2](5); (%o74) 27 (%i75) p[4]; (%o75) lambda([x],x^4+4) (%i76) p[4](5); (%o76) 629 (%i77) arrayinfo (p); (%o77) [hashed,1,[2],[4]] (%i78) listarray (p) (%o78) [lambda([x],x^2+2),lambda([x],x^4+4)] (%i79) p[5]; (%o79) lambda([x],x^5+5) (%i80) p[5](2); (%o80) 37 (%i81) listarray (p); (%o81) [lambda([x],x^2+2),lambda([x],x^4+4),lambda([x],x^5+5)] (%i82) arrayinfo (p); (%o82) [hashed,1,[2],[4],[5]]</syntaxhighlight>'''Explanation of the code example:''' '''1. Defining the memoizing function:''' The expression composed using the <code>define</code> operator has a value that defines a special form of a memoizing function. The value of this defining expression serves as a "template" for indexed values of a hashed array – <code>p[n]</code>. '''2. The value of array instances:''' Applying the defined function <code>p</code> to an expression enclosed only with brackets for the argument identified as <code>n</code>, returns a value that is a <code>lambda</code> expression, and that is an indexed instance of a hashed array. The identifier <code>n</code> serves as both as an argument of the function body and as an index of the hashed array in this case. <code>lambda</code> expressions are sometimes referred to as ''anonymous'', ''ad hoc'', or ''throw-away''. The technical details of <code>lambda</code> expressions are explained in a following section. '''3. Evaluating the memoizing functions with arguments:''' The argument identified as <code>x</code> in parentheses serves only as part of the composition of the function body of the indexed <code>lambda</code> expressions of the hashed array <code>p</code> when referenced by some expression in parentheses. This form of the composition of a Maxima memoizing function is useful to create an array of unique <code>lambda</code> expressions where the composition of each individual expression depends explicitly on the structural indices of the array that are used. This form in general can be composed using more than one argument for index values enclosed in brackets, as well more than one evaluation argument enclosed in parentheses. The number of each type of argument need not be the same. For example, in a defining expression of the form: <code>f [x<sub>1</sub>, x<sub>2</sub>,..., x<sub>n</sub>](y<sub>1</sub>, y<sub>2</sub>,..., y<sub>m</sub>):= expr</code>, that <math display="inline">n = m</math> is true, is not necessary. The operator <code>:=</code> can also be used to define this type of memoizing function:<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima"> /* index values can be expressions */ (%i83) p [2*x]; (%o83) lambda([x],x^(2*x)+2*x) (%i84) p [2*x](4); (%o84) 65544 /* a memoizing function definition with multiple arguments */ (%i85) p2 [m, n](x, y) := x^n + y^m + (m+n); (%o85) p2[m,n](x,y):=x^n+y^m+(m+n) /* this expression creates the first indexed value of a hashed array identified as p2 */ (%i86) p2 [2, 2]; (%o86) lambda([x,y],y^2+x^2+4) /* this expression has a value of 17 for values of the arguments (2, 3) for the first indexed values of [2, 2] of a hashed array identified as p2 */ (%i87) p2 [2, 2](2,3); (%o87) 17 /* this expression creates the second indexed value of a hashed array identified as p2 */ (%i88) p2 [3, 4]; (%o88) lambda([x,y],y^3+x^4+7) /* this expression has a value of 213 for values of the arguments (3, 5) for the second indexed values of [3, 4] of a hashed array identified as p2 */ (%i89) p2 [3, 4](3, 5); (%o89) 213 (%i90) arrayinfo (p2); (%o90) [hashed,2,[2,2],[3,4]] (%i91) arrayinfo (p); (%o91) [hashed,1,[2],[4],[5],[2*x]] /* another memoizing function definition with multiple arguments and where n is not erqual to m */ (%i92) p3 [i, j](x, y, z) := x^i * y^j * z^j; (%o92) p3[i,j](x,y,z):=x^i*y^j*z^j (%i93) p3 [3,4]; (%o93) lambda([x,y,z],x^3*y^4*z^4) (%i94) p3 [3, 4] (2, 3, 4); (%o94) 165888 (%i95) arrayinfo (p3); (%o95) [hashed,2,[3,4]] (%i96) arrays; (%o96) [p,p2,p3] (%i97) listarray (p3); (%o97) [lambda([x,y,z],x^3*y^4*z^4)] </syntaxhighlight> ===== More Special Forms of Memoizing Functions Using the <code>define</code> Operator ===== <code>define (funmake (f, [x<sub>1</sub>, x<sub>2,</sub>…, x<sub>n</sub>]), expr)</code> or <code>define (arraymake (f, [x<sub>1</sub>, x<sub>2,</sub>…, x<sub>n</sub>]), expr)</code> or <code>define (ev (expr<sub>1</sub>, expr<sub>2</sub>))</code> ==== Lambda Expressions ==== ==== Macros – <code>::=</code> and <code>buildq</code> Operators ==== In the Maxima Computer Algebra System (CAS), a '''''macro''''' is a special type of function that manipulates the structure of an expression before it is evaluated. The Maxima Manual describes ''macros''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Maxima Manual - Operator ::= |url=https://maxima.sourceforge.io/docs/manual/Operators.html#index-_003a_003a_003d |url-status=live}}</ref> as follows: ''"Macro function definition operator.'' <code>::=</code> ''defines a function (called a "macro" for historical reasons) which quotes its arguments, and the expression which it returns (called the "macro expansion") is evaluated in the context from which the macro was called. A macro function is otherwise the same as an ordinary function."'' {| class="wikitable" |+Macro Operators and Identifiers |<code>::=</code> |<code>macroexpand</code> |<code>macros</code> |<code>splice</code> |- |<code>fundef</code> | <code>dispfun</code> | <code>buildq</code> | |- |<code>remfunction</code> |<code>kill</code> |<code>remove</code> | |}While ordinary Maxima functions evaluate their arguments immediately when referenced, a ''macro'' quotes its arguments. It treats those arguments as raw, not evaluated expressions blocks, ''transforms'' them mathematically or syntactically, and then <code>evaluates</code> the newly generated code. Because Maxima is written in and inherits the semantics of Common Lisp, its macro system acts similarly to Lisp macros, functioning essentially as a programmable compiler extension. Key Mechanics of a Maxima Macro * '''Definition Operator (<code>::</code>=):''' You define a macro using the <code>::=</code> operator instead of the ordinary function definition operator (<code>:=</code>). * '''The Global <code>macros</code> List:''' Every time you create a macro, Maxima automatically tracks it by appending it to a global information list called <code>macros</code>. * '''Macro Expansion:''' When a macro is invoked, Maxima executes a process called ''expansion''. The macro code runs to generate a new Maxima expression, and then Maxima evaluates that final output expression. ====== Some Reasons to Use a Macro Instead of a Function: ====== Ordinary functions cannot control how or when arguments are evaluated. Macros are a good choice for: # '''Evaluation Control:''' Preventing an expression from being evaluated until specific conditional statements are checked. # '''Meta-programming:''' Writing clean, shorthand code that automatically generates longer, repetitive mathematical boilerplate expressions "under the hood" so to speak. # '''Context Manipulation:''' Altering identifiers inside the environment where referenced rather than within a closed, localized function scope. ====== Example: Function vs. Macro ====== <syntaxhighlight lang="maxima"> (%i98) a_function (expr) := print( "The expression is: ", expr)$ (%i99) x:5; (x) 5 /* An ordinary function evaluates arguments when referenced */ (%i9) a_function (x + 2)$ The expression is: 7 /* This has the same value as the above */ (%i18) a_function (expr : x + 2)$ The expression is: 7 /* A macro quotes its arguments and controls execution */ (%i2) a_macro (expr) ::= buildq ([expr], print ("The expression is: ", 'expr))$ (%i11) a_macro (x + 2); The expression is: x+2 (%o22) x+2 (%i12) a_macro (expr : x + 2); The expression is: expr:x+2 (%o12) expr:x+2 (%i6) a_macro (expr : 2); The expression is: expr:2 (%o6) expr:2 (%i13) macros; (%o13) [a_macro(expr)] </syntaxhighlight>To understand the difference, consider how differently a function and a macro handle a identifier named <code>x</code>: * If you call a<code>_function(x + 2)</code> when x has been previously assigned a value of <code>5</code>, the function immediately receives <code>7</code> as its input. * If you call a<code>_macro(x + 2)</code>, the macro captures the exact symbolic structure <code>x + 2</code> without evaluating it first, allowing you to manipulate the literal algebraic format. Code templates like <code>buildq</code> are frequently used inside macros to construct these new mathematical structures cleanly. ====== Two Other Simple Examples ====== Simple macros are typically used to create shorthand syntax, control evaluation, or mimic standard programming constructs like in-place modification. '''Example''' '''1: In-place Increment''' In Maxima, there is no built-in <code>x++</code> or <code>x : x + 1</code> when x is referenced as an argument of an ordinary function. Using a macro, an identifier can be referenced as an argument without evaluating it, modify it, and then reassign it.<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima">/* macro definition expression */ (%i30) incm (var) ::= buildq ([var], var : var + 1); (%o30) incm(var)::=buildq([var],var:var+1) /* Usage */ (%i33) x : 10; (x) 10 (%i34) incm (x); (%o34) 11 /* x is now 11 */ (%i42) x; (%o42) 11</syntaxhighlight>An ordinary function would evaluate <code>x</code> to <code>10</code> immediately, passing the number <code>10</code> to the function. An ordinary function cannot assign a new value to the raw identifier <code>x</code>.<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima"> /* function definition expression */ (%i40) incf(var) := buildq([var], var : var + 1); (%o40) incf(var):=buildq([var],var:var+1) (%i41) incf (x); (%o41) 11:12 /* x is still 11 */ (%i43) x; (%o43) 11 </syntaxhighlight>'''Example 2: Unless Conditional''' <code>(unless_then)</code> A macro for a custom control flow that evaluates a body of expressions only if a condition is <code>false</code>.<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima"> /* definition expression for the macro */ (%i48) unless_then(cond, body) ::= buildq([cond, body], if not cond then body)$ /* usage */ (%i45) is_raining : false; (is_raining) false (%i47) unless_then(is_raining, print("Let's go for a walk!"))$ Let's go for a walk! </syntaxhighlight> ====== Some Complex Macro Examples ====== Complex macros often use <code>buildq</code> (build quotation) alongside loop structures to dynamically generate heavily nested code, unroll repetitive operations, or create entirely new domain-specific syntax. '''Example 1: Parallel Assignment''' <code>(psetq)</code> This macro mimics Lisp's parallel assignment. It takes a list of variables and a list of values, evaluating all values first before assigning them to prevent variables from overwriting each other mid-process (useful for swapping variables).<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima"> --> psetq ([args]) ::= block ( [len, vars, vals, gensyms, assignments, final_assigns], len : length (args), if oddp (len) then error ("psetq requires an even number of arguments"), /* Separate variables and expressions */ vars : makelist (args[i], i, 1, len, 2), vals : makelist (args[i], i, 2, len, 2), /* Create unique temporary identifiers to hold the evaluated values safely */ gensyms : makelist (gensym (), i, 1, length (vars)), /* 1. Evaluate expressions into temporary identifiers */ assignments : makelist (buildq ([g: gensyms[i], v: vals[i]], g: v), i, 1, length (vars)), /* 2. Assign temporary identifiers back to target identifiers */ final_assigns : makelist (buildq([v : vars[i], g : gensyms[i]], v : g), i, 1, length (vars)), /* Return a block containing both steps sequentially */ buildq ([assignments, final_assigns], block (splice (assignments), splice (final_assigns))) )$ (%i53) x : 5$ (%i54) y : 10$ (%i56) psetq(x, y, y, x)$ (%i58) print("x =", x, "y =", y)$ "x ="5"y ="10 </syntaxhighlight>• Key Concept: splice is used here inside buildq to unpack the list of generated assignment expressions directly into the block(...) structure so it executes as raw, flat sequential code. ==== Some Techniques for Function Composition ==== === Conditional Expressions – Special Operator <code>if</code> === === Expressions for Iteration – Special Operator <code>do</code> === The special operator <code>do</code> is used to compose expressions for iteration. It is typically used with the following other special operators: * <code>while</code> * <code>unless</code> * <code>for</code> * <code>from</code> * <code>thru</code> * <code>step</code> * <code>next</code> * <code>in</code> The general forms of <code>do</code> expressions Maxima supports are: <code>for</code> variable: initial_value <code>step</code> increment <code>thru</code> limit <code>do</code> body <code>for</code> variable: initial_value <code>step</code> increment <code>while</code> condition <code>do</code> body <code>for</code> variable: initial_value <code>step</code> increment <code>unless</code> condition <code>do</code> body <code>for</code> variable <code>in</code> list <code>do</code> body <code>for</code> variable <code>in</code> expr <code>do</code> body <code>for</code> variable <code>in</code> hash_table <code>do</code> body === Lisp and Maxima === {{BookCat}} 83jsfxwosahxwu2dn0q6xff13fwrg9x 4679321 4679320 2026-10-31T16:55:44Z Idavidmiller 3577687 /* Two Other Simple Examples */ 4679321 wikitext text/x-wiki =Maxima Programming= Although Maxima is not a general-purpose programming language, Maxima as a CAS includes among the built-in ingredients a relatively complete set of programming expressions that are useful for the intended context. Many of the code examples of this section are intended to be illustrative of technical details relevant to Maxima programming as their purpose, and consequently are intentionally elementary in character. Learning any sort of programming language, including Maxima programming expressions, is a subjective process. In any case, it is essential to have enough technical know-how specific to the programming language in order to begin the learning process, even in cases where much positive transfer from other programming experience is involved. Much can be accomplished mathematically using Maxima without having to resort to in-depth knowledge and proficiency in the technical details of Maxima programming expressions. However, Maxima programming expressions are frequently essential for the purpose of defining functions, both in the programming sense of the term, but also more relevantly, for the mathematical sense. For that reason alone, familiarity and sufficient proficiency with Maxima programming expressions should be given some attention. One way to begin the learning process is to become familiar with enough of the programming essentials to accomplish independent efforts toward accomplishing some specific programming goal of interest. The other way is to study the many available programming expressions of others. This section is intended to provide the essentials toward learning by whatever means are chosen. The following table shows some built-in ingredients related to Maxima programming expressions: {| class="wikitable" |+Maxima Programming Category |if |unless |errcatch |prederror |- |block |for |error |return |- |catch |from |warning |throw |- |local |thru |errormsg |sstatus |- |garbage_collect |step |errormsg |status |- |do |next |go | |- |while |in | | |} Some of these programming expression ingredients can also be considered as belonging to one or more other categories than the Programming category. === Block Expressions === Arguably, the first expressions to consider in the context of Maxima programming are '''''block''''' expressions. All <code>block</code> expressions as programming ingredients come in two flavors: * <code>( expr<sub>1</sub>, expr<sub>2</sub>,…, expr<sub>n</sub> )</code> * <code>block ([v<sub>1</sub>,v<sub>2,</sub>…,v<sub>m</sub>], expr<sub>1</sub>, expr<sub>2</sub>,…, expr<sub>n</sub>)</code> The first form of a <code>block</code> expression is equivalent to the second form, but without the first list argument: <code>[v<sub>1</sub>,v<sub>2,</sub>…,v<sub>m</sub>]</code>, as in <code>block (expr<sub>1</sub>, expr<sub>2</sub>,…, expr<sub>n</sub></code>, unless <code>return</code> or <code>go</code> operators are used in the block expression. In that, case the form <code>block (expr<sub>1</sub>, expr<sub>2</sub>,…, expr<sub>n</sub>)</code> must be used. It should be noted that for Maxima to interpret of the syntax of the first of these forms as a block operator, there must be at least two expressions in the comma-separated sequence of expressions as arguments. Otherwise, Maxima will interpret the parentheses of this syntax as simply grouping related to the precedence order of operations. The purpose of the list argument, <code>[v<sub>1</sub>,v<sub>2,</sub>…,v<sub>m</sub>]</code> is to declare the values of identifiers of the list to be local to the <code>block</code>. If there is no need for local identifiers, the list argument can be omitted (unless <code>return</code> or <code>go</code> operators are used in the <code>block</code> expression), and either form is sufficient.<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima">/* This block expression */ (%i1) (x : 2, x^2); (%o1) 4 /* Is equivalent to this block expression */ (%i2) block (x : 2, x^2); (%o2) 4</syntaxhighlight>So, in the case where values of identifiers local to the <code>block</code> of expressions are not required, then the choice of either form of the <code>block</code> expression is a matter of user preference. In both cases, the values of identifiers referenced in the <code>block</code> are global, and not local to the <code>block</code> expression. However, for the sake of clarity and consistency use of the latter form may be a better choice. <syntaxhighlight lang="maxima"> /* The value 3 assigned to x is global */ (%i3) x : 3; (x) 3 /* The value 2 assigned to x in the block is global */ (%i4) (x : 2, x^2); (%o4) 4 /* The global value assigned to x in the block is 2 not 3 */ (%i5) x; (%o5) 2 </syntaxhighlight>Values of identifiers local to the <code>block</code> may not be global:<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima">/* the value of identifier y is local only */ (%i6) block ([y], y : 4, y); (%o6) 4 /* the global value of identifier y is not 4, but is itself */ (%i7) y; (%o7) y /* the values of identifiers x and y are both local */ (%i8) block ([x,y], x : 3, y : 4, x); (%o8) 3 /* the global value of identifier x is not 3, but is 2 */ (%i9) x; (%o9) 2 /* the global value of identifier y is not 4, but is itself */ (%i10) y; (%o10) y</syntaxhighlight> Regardless of the form of the <code>block</code> expressions these have in common the comma-separated expression arguments <code>expr<sub>1</sub>, expr<sub>2</sub>,…, expr<sub>n</sub></code> which are evaluated each in turn from first to last (unless the evaluation sequence is modified by by the <code>go</code>, <code>throw</code>, or <code>return</code> operators), and the value of the block expression is the value of <code>expr<sub>n</sub></code>. The main purpose of the <code>block</code> expression, regardless of the form, is to group expressions that are related in some manner, and the value of the last expression may be the only value of interest. However, there are very few limitations imposed on the nature of the <code>block</code> expression arguments, so it might be the case that the purpose of evaluating the <code>block</code> expression has been achieved before the last expression argument is evaluated, in which case the value of the <code>block</code> expression may not necessarily be the value of the last argument expression. One way to accomplish that is to use an empty string as the last argument expression with the option flag <code>stringdisp</code> set to <code>false</code> which is the default value.<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima"> (%i11) stringdisp; (%o11) false (%i12) block ([x,y], x : 3, y : 4, x, ""); (%o12) (%i13) block ([x,y], x : 3, y : 4, x)$ </syntaxhighlight> The display of the value of the <code>block</code> expression may be suppressed using a <code>$</code> to end the input expression instead of a semi-colon. Either technique produces a <code>block</code> expression value, but the value is not displayed. If a <code>return</code> operator is evaluated as a argument expression, this will cause evaluation of expression arguments to end explicitly, and the value of the <code>return</code> operator becomes the value of the <code>block</code> expression.<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima"> (%i14) is (equal (x, 2)); (%o14) true %i15) block (if is (equal (x, 2)) then return (x), " x not 2"); (%o15) 2 (%i16) x : 3; (x) 3 (%i17) block (if is (equal (x, 2)) then return (x), "x not 2"); (%o17) x not 2 </syntaxhighlight>When a <code>return</code> operator is evaluated within a <code>block</code> expression the result is to stop evaluation of expressions within the enclosing <code>block</code> expression and to return the value of its argument as the value of the enclosing <code>block</code> expression. It therefore can be compared with the <code>return</code> statement found in other programming languages, but with one difference: In Maxima, the <code>return</code> operator affects only the block expression in which the <code>return</code> operator is an expression, and has no effect otherwise.<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima">(%i18) test_nested_block (val) := block ( [outer_var : 10], print("Entering outer block expression"), /* inner block expression */ block( [inner_var : 20], print (" Entering inner block expression"), if val > 5 then /* another inner block expression */ block ( print (" val > 5"), print (" Returning only to inner block expression"), return (inner_var + val) /* returns only to the inner block expression */ ), /* end of another inner block expression */ print (" inner_var + val is ", inner_var + val) ), /* end of inner block expression */ print ("Back in outer block expression"), outer_var + val /* end of outer block expression */ )$ (%i19) test_nested_block (1); Entering outer block expression Entering inner block expression inner_var + val is 21 Back in outer block expression (%o19) 11 (%i20) test_nested_block (6); Entering outer block expression Entering inner block expression val > 5 Returning only to inner block expression Back in outer block expression (%o20) 16</syntaxhighlight> '''''The <code>block</code> operators''''': Each instance may define local variables and has a comma-separated sequence of expressions as arguments. '''''Nested blocks''''': There are three <code>block</code> operators used in the right-hand side of the function definition expression named <code>test_nested_block (val</code>. There is an outer <code>block</code> expression that has an inner <code>block</code> expression as an argument,and there is a third <code>block</code> expression that is an argument of the inner <code>block</code> expression. '''''The <code>return</code> operator''''': If <code>val > 5</code> is <code>true</code> then the return operator of the most inner <code>block</code> expression is evaluated and evaluation of remaining expressions of that block expression does not occur. The value of that most inner <code>block</code> expression is the value of the argument of the return operator – <code>inner_var + val</code>. Evaluation of expressions continues with the first expression of the inner <code>block</code> expression after the end of the most inner <code>block</code> expression – which is <code>print ("   inner_var + val is ", inner_var + val)</code>. The value of the <code>print</code> operator is the value of <code>inner_var + val</code>. However, while that value is the value of the inner <code>block</code> expression it is effectively lost, as it is not the last expression of the outer <code>block</code> sequence of expressions. That value is the value of <code>outer_var + val</code>, which, being the last expression of the outer <code>block</code> is always the value of the function. ==== Block Expression Evaluation Sequence Modifications ==== <code>block</code> expression arguments <code>expr<sub>1</sub>, expr<sub>2</sub>,…, expr<sub>n</sub></code> are generally evaluated each in turn from first to last, and the value of the <code>block</code> expression is the value of <code>expr<sub>n</sub></code> unless this sequence is modified by some means. One way to modify the first-to-last expression evaluation sequence of a <code>block</code> expression is by way of a <code>go</code> operator with a ''label'' (or ''"tag"'') argument ( the ''"go to"'') as the following exemplifies:<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima"> (%i18) sum_to_n (n) := block ( [i : 1, total : 0], loop, total : total + i, i : i + 1, if i <= n then go (loop), total)$ (%i19) sum_to_n(25); (%o19) 325 (%i20) n; (%o20) n (%i21) i; (%o21) i (%i22) total; (%o22) total </syntaxhighlight> Note the following: * <code>'''block ([ i : 1,total : 0], ...)'''</code>: The list argument creates a local environment with local identifiers <code>i</code> and <code>total</code>. The function argument <code>n</code> is also a local identifier. * <code>'''loop'''</code>: This label serves as a target inside the <code>block</code> expression to where <code>go (loop)</code> can jump. * <code>'''if i <= n then go (loop)'''</code>: This conditional expression causes the <code>go (loop)</code> operator to be evaluated if the condition is <code>true</code>. * <code>'''total'''</code>: The value of this local identifier is the returned value of the <code>block</code> expression. It should also be worth noting that the identifiers <code>n</code>, <code>i</code>, and <code>total</code> have local values assigned within the <code>block</code> expression, but their global values are themselves. Also notice that the identifiers <code>i</code> and <code>total</code> were both declared local and assigned initial values within the <code>block</code> list argument. The ''go-to'' label argument of the <code>go</code> operator must be the name of a tag appearing within the same block expression. The <code>go</code> operator cannot be used to go to a tag in a different <code>block</code> expression. There is nothing special about the <code>loop</code> identifier name used for the go-to tag in this example. Other identifiers could be used, but they must be atomic. Another way to modify a <code>block</code> expression evaluation sequence is by way of the <code>throw</code> operator.<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima">(%i32) /* Define a function using a block expression that searches for a specific condition and a throw value to catch */ find_element (target_list, threshold) := block ( [found_val : false], /* local identifier value */ catch( for x in target_list do ( if x > threshold then ( /* Immediately exit the block and return this value */ throw (x) ) ), /* This string is returned only if the do loop finishes without a throw to catch */ "No element exceeded the threshold" ) )$ (%i31) /* Test the block */ find_element ( [10, 20, 55, 80], 50 ); (%o31) 55</syntaxhighlight>This example unpacks as follows: <code>'''catch (...)'''</code>: This expression creates a target scope that ''"catches"'' the value of any <code>throw</code> expression evaluated within that scope. <code>'''throw (x)'''</code>: When Maxima encounters this operator, it immediately stops evaluation of the <code>do</code> loop expression '''''and the rest of the''''' <code>block</code> '''''expression.''''' It jumps directly out of the scope of the <code>catch</code> expression, returning the value of <code>x</code> as the value of the entire <code>catch</code> expression. ==== Nested Block Expressions ==== <code>block</code> operators may appear within other block expressions as arguments – '''''nested''''' <code>block</code> expressions. A local environment with local identifiers may be created for nested block expressions. Local values for identifiers, if declared by a first <code>block</code> operator list argument, are created each time a nested <code>block</code> is evaluated. However, identifiers with global values that have not been declared as local within any <code>block</code> expressions, are global values for nested <code>block</code> expressions as well as enclosing <code>block</code> expressions. Likewise, local identifiers of any enclosing <code>block</code> expression have values that are global within any enclosed blocks, if not declared as local within the enclosed block. If the value of an identifier is not local in a <code>block</code> expression, its value is the value most recently assigned by an enclosing <code>block</code> expression, if any value has been assigned. Otherwise, it is the value of the identifier in the global environment. <syntaxhighlight lang="maxima"> (%i23) z : 2^(1/3); (z) 2^(1/3) (%i24) /* Outer block starts */ block ( [x : 10, y : 20], /* values of x and y declared local to outer block */ /* Inner block starts */ block ( [y : 99, z : 100], /* values of y and z declared local to inner block */ print ("Inside inner block:"), print ("x =", x, "is the value of x from outer block"), print ("y =", y, "is the local value of y of outer block"), print("z =", z, "is the local value of z of inner block") ), /* Inner block ends */ /* Outer block resumes */ print ("Back in outer block:"), print ("x =", x, "is the value of x from outer block"), print ("y =", y, "is the restored value of y of the outer block"), print ("z =", z, "is the value of z global to both blocks") /* Outer block ends */ )$ Inside inner block: x = 10 is the value of x from outer block y = 99 is the local value of y of outer block z = 100 is the local value of z of inner block Back in outer block: x = 10 is the value of x from outer block y = 20 is the restored value of y of the outer block z = 2^(1/3) is the value of z global to both blocks </syntaxhighlight> ==== Values, Properties, and the <code>local</code> Operator ==== The expression <code>local (v<sub>1</sub>, v<sub>2</sub>, ... , v<sub>m</sub>)</code> within a <code>block</code> expression saves the '''''properties''''' associated with the symbols <code>v<sub>1</sub>, v<sub>2</sub>, ... , v<sub>m</sub></code>, removes any properties before evaluating other expressions, and restores any saved properties on exit from the block. Because Maxima is an application based on the Common Lisp programming language, it utilizes Lisp '''''symbol''''' structure. Lisp symbols are objects that carry their own "dictionary" of attributes. A Lisp symbol's internal property list (''plist'') is a built-in data structure attached directly to a symbol. Maxima uses this underlying Lisp symbol structure to associate '''''properties''''' with Maxima identifiers. Properties of identifiers can be ''declared explicitly'' by users. <syntaxhighlight lang="maxima"> (%i23) declare (x, real); (%o23) done </syntaxhighlight> However, some identifier property declarations are ''implemented implicitly'' as properties of a symbol, including <code>:=</code>, <code>array</code>, <code>dependencies</code>, <code>atvalue</code>, <code>matchdeclare</code>, <code>atomgrad</code>, <code>constant</code>, <code>nonscalar</code>, <code>assume</code>, and some others. Below is a description of how each of those specific declarations is implemented as a property under the hood: ====== Functions and Arrays ====== * '''<code>:=</code> (Function Definition):''' When you define a function using <code>f(x) := x^2</code>, the actual expression (<code>x^2</code>) and its argument list (<code>x</code>) are stored as a property of the symbol <code>f</code>. * '''<code>array</code>:''' When you declare or use a subscripted array (like <code>a[i]</code>), the array type, dimensions, and memory pointer are attached as a property to the symbol <code>a</code>. This differentiates it from a standard scalar variable. ====== Calculus and Dependencies ====== * '''<code>dependencies</code>:''' If you declare <code>depends(y, x)</code>, Maxima attaches a dependency list property to <code>y</code> noting that it functionally depends on <code>x</code>. This tells the <code>diff</code> (differentiation) engine not to treat <code>y</code> as a constant relative to <code>x</code>. * '''<code>atvalue</code>:''' When you define a specific value for an expression at a boundary point (e.g., <code>atvalue(y, x=0, 1)</code>), this boundary constraint is stored as an evaluation property on the symbol <code>y</code>. * '''<code>atomgrad</code>:''' This assigns a specific gradient or derivative to an atomic identifier (e.g., telling Maxima what (df/dx) is explicitly). Maxima saves this rule as a gradient property on that symbol. ====== Pattern Matching and Rules ====== * '''<code>matchdeclare</code>:''' Used in Maxima's pattern-matching system (like <code>tellsimp</code>). When you type <code>matchdeclare(x, freeof(a))</code>, Maxima attaches a predicate property to <code>x</code>. When a pattern rule runs, Maxima looks at property list of <code>x</code> to see what conditions a matching expression must meet. ====== Mathematical and Evaluation Attributes ====== * '''<code>constant</code>:''' Declaring <code>declare(c, constant)</code> places a "constant" flag on property list of <code>c</code>. Core routines (like integration and differentiation) check this flag to know they can pull <code>c</code> out of integrals or differentiate it to zero. * '''<code>nonscalar</code>:''' Tells Maxima to treat a symbol as a matrix or vector rather than a regular number. This property changes how operators like <code>.</code> (non-commutative multiplication) treat the symbol. * '''<code>assume</code>:''' When an expression such as <code>assume(x > 0)</code> is used, Maxima's database system (<code>context</code>) assigns facts and properties (like <code>pos</code> or <code>nonnegative</code>) to the symbol <code>x</code>, allowing the simplifier to safely reduce expressions like <code>sqrt(x^2)</code> to <code>x</code>. The effect of the <code>local</code> operator is to make such declarations effective only within a <code>block</code> expression. Otherwise, declarations within a <code>block</code> expression are considered to be global declarations. So what does all of this mean to the typical Maxima user? It means that the list of identifiers that is the first argument of a <code>block</code> expression only declares the '''''values''''' of those identifiers as local to the <code>block</code> expression in which the list is an argument. Any properties of identifiers are not declared local by this means. In order to declare '''''properties''''' of identifiers to be local to a <code>block</code> expression, the <code>local</code> operator must be used as an expression within the <code>block</code> expression. At the point where the local operator is evaluated as an argument of a <code>block</code> expression, the properties of the identifiers that are arguments to the <code>local</code> operator become local to the block. It is not an unfair criticism that perhaps the <code>local</code> operator should have been named something like <code>local_properties</code>. <syntaxhighlight lang="maxima"> (%i25) f (s) := cos (s); (%o25) f(s):=cos(s) (%i26) f (%pi/6); (%o26) sqrt(3)/2 (%i27) block (local (f), f (s) := sin (s), f (%pi/6)); (%o27) 1/2 (%i28) f (s); (%o28) cos(s) </syntaxhighlight>In the above example, the '''''properties''''' of identifier <code>f</code> were declared to be local in the <code>block</code> expression using the <code>local</code> operator. However, global properties of the identifier <code>f</code> were not affected by the local function definition of <code>f</code> in the <code>block</code> expression. The global definition expression of <code>f</code> which is <code>cos (s)</code> and the argument <code>s</code> were not affected by the local definition of <code>f</code> because the properties of <code>f</code> were declared local to the <code>block</code> expression. <code>block</code> expressions can be used for different purposes in the Maxima programming context. <code>block</code> expressions can be used in a stand-alone fashion or as part of an expression. However, <code>block</code> expressions are commonly used in expressions that define '''''functions''''', which is the topic that follows. === Functions === {| class="wikitable" |+Function Definition Operators and Identifiers |<code>:=</code> |<code>fundef</code> |<code>buildq</code> |- |<code>::=</code> |<code>lambda</code> |<code>macros</code> |- |<code>define</code> |<code>local</code> |<code>slice</code> |- |<code>dispfun</code> |<code>remfunction</code> | |- |<code>functions</code> |<code>setup_autoload</code> | |} As a technical term '''''function''''' is aptly characterized as being overloaded. In the context of Maxima as a CAS, it has both a programming meaning and a mathematical meaning in terms of usage. In this book, the convention is to refer to what may otherwise be referred to as built-in Maxima functions as ''operators'' including those of built-in packages. By this convention, the term '''''function''''' in this book refers exclusively to expressions composed by the user by way of the <code>:=</code> or <code>define</code> operators. As has been mentioned elsewhere in this book, what are conventionally termed ''operators'' that are built-in to Maxima, are at the level of underlying expression construction, Lisp procedures of one type or another. So it makes sense to simply refer to built-in Maxima functions and operators simply as operators one and all. This convention obviates the need for the repetitious use of qualifiers such as ''built-in Maxima'' and ''user-defined'' functions. There are two operators used to define functions as follows: # The <code>''''':='''''</code> operator # The <code>'''define'''</code> operator <var><code>f (x<sub>1</sub>, x<sub>2,</sub> ..., x<sub>n</sub>) ''':=''' expr</code> <code>f</code> <code>[x<sub>1</sub>, x<sub>2,</sub> ..., x<sub>n</sub>] ''':=''' expr</code> <code>f</code> <code>[x<sub>1</sub>, x<sub>2,</sub> ..., x<sub>n</sub>](y<sub>1</sub>, y<sub>2</sub>, ..., y<sub>m</sub>) ''':=''' expr</code></var> <code>define (f</code> <code>(x<sub>1</sub>, x<sub>2,</sub> …, x<sub>n</sub>), expr)</code> <code>define (f</code> <code>[x<sub>1</sub>, x<sub>2,</sub> …, x<sub>n</sub>], expr)</code> <code>define (f</code> <code>[x<sub>1</sub>, x<sub>2,</sub> …, x<sub>n</sub>](y<sub>1</sub>, y<sub>2,</sub> …, y<sub>m</sub>), expr)</code> <code>define (funmake (f, [</code><code>x<sub>1</sub>, x<sub>2,</sub> …, x<sub>n</sub>]), expr)</code> <code>define (arraymake (f, [</code><code>x<sub>1</sub>, x<sub>2,</sub> …, x<sub>n</sub>]), expr)</code> <code>define (ev (</code><code>expr<sub>1</sub>, expr<sub>2</sub>))</code> where <code>expr</code> is some Maxima expression that is commonly referred to as the ''function body''. As can be concluded from the above, each of these operators has different forms of syntax that can be used. In any case, the most significant differences between these two operators are in terms of the evaluation of the function body and the composition and identification of functions dynamically. * '''Evaluation:''' ** The <code>:=</code> operator '''suppresses (quotes)''' the evaluation of the function body when this operator is first evaluated. It does not evaluate or simplify the function body until the function identifier itself is evaluated with arguments. ** The <code>define()</code> operator '''evaluates''' the function body when this operator is first evaluated. If the function body involves intermediate computations, substituted values, or extracted parts of expressions (like <code>rhs()</code> or derivative results), the <code>define()</code> operator includes the evaluated results of those directly into the function body. * '''Dynamic Function Composition and Identifiers:''' ** Function identifiers cannot easily be composed dynamically on the left-hand side of the <code>:=</code> operator when used inside programmatic loop expressions or in scripts. ** The <code>define()</code> operator accepts expressions like <code>funmake</code> or evaluated symbols as its first argument, allowing the composition and identification of functions dynamically during evaluation. So, there are in general two different operators that can be used to define and evaluate functions. The choice by the Maxima user between these two operators depends on the purpose and context. ==== Function Definition Using the <code>:=</code> Operator ==== For the purpose of understanding the two ways of defining functions, consider the following example which is elementary, but in terms of clarification is not merely simple:<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima">/* "kill" all previously used identifier and values */ (%i29) kill (all); (%o0) done /* assign identifier x the global value of 5 */ (%i1) x : 5; (x) 5 /* define f as a function with local argument x */ (%i2) f (x) := x; (%o2) f(x):=x /* evaluate f at local value of x is 3 */ (%i3) f (3); (%o3) 3 /* the global value of x is not affected */ (%i4) x; (%o4) 5 /* show the definition expression of the function named f */ (%i5) fundef (f); (%o5) f(x):=x</syntaxhighlight>'''Function Definition Using the''' '''<code>define</code> Operator'''<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima"> /* define a function with identifier g with a local argument y and with a function body of identifier x */ (%i3) define (g('x), x); (%o3) g(x):=5 /* identifier x of the function body is evaluated */ /* identifier x as an argument of g is local in scope */ (%i4) fundef (g); (%o4) g(x):=5 /* the same identifier x used in three different roles */ /* used as the global name of a function x */ /* used as a local argument of a function */ /* used as an unevaluated expression for a function body */ (%i7) x(x) := x; (%o7) x(x):=x (%i9) x(3); (%o9) 3 (%i10) x; (%o10) 5 (%i8) fundef (x); (%o8) x(x):=x (%i11) define (x('x), x); (%o11) x(x):=5 (%i12) fundef (x); (%o12) x(x):=5 </syntaxhighlight>The purpose of this example is not to encourage this sort of syntax as a typical choice for identifiers and function definitions. The purpose is to clarify how Maxima implicitly determines the scope and meaning of identifiers used for function definition in the absence of any explicit user stipulations. It should be noted that the <code>define</code> operator not only evaluates the expression that is the function body, it also evaluates the arguments of the function identifier that is the first argument of the <code>define</code> operator. Since there is a global value of the identifier <code>x</code> of <code>5</code>, it was necessary to suppress evaluation (quote) the argument in the expression <code>(%i12) define ('x), x);</code> as otherwise an error would be the result:<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima"> /* define a new function named x */ (%i14) define (x('x), 'x^2); (%o14) x(x):=x^2 /* check the definition of the new function named x */ (%i15) fundef (x); (%o15) x(x):=x^2 /* the identifier x has a global value */ (%i16) values; (%o16) [x] /* the global value of identifier x is 5 */ (%i17) x; (%o17) 5 /* the suppressed global value 'x of identifier x is x */ (%i18) 'x; (%o18) x /* not quoting the global value of identifier x is an error */ (%i19) define (x(x), 'x^2); define: in definition of x, parameter must be a symbol and must not be a system constant; found: 5 -- an error. To debug this try: debugmode(true); </syntaxhighlight> ==== Understanding the Differences Between the <code>:=</code> and <code>define</code> Operators ==== In cases such as these, the suppression of evaluation by quoting is a user stipulation as to evaluation. Users must be aware of these differences between the two operators (<code>:=</code> and <code>define</code>) for the purpose of function definition in order to achieve what is intended and to avoid errors,<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima"> (%i20) f (x) := 3*x^3 + 4*x - 5; (%o20) f(x):=3*x^3+4*x-5 (%i21) fundef (f); (%o21) f(x):=3*x^3+4*x-5 (%i22) f(2); (%o22) 27 (%i23) define (f (x) , 3*x^3 + 4*x - 5); define: in definition of f, parameter must be a symbol and must not be a system constant; found: 5 -- an error. To debug this try: debugmode(true); (%i24) define (f ('x) , 3*x^3 + 4*x - 5); (%o24) f(x):=390 (%i25) define (f ('x) , '(3*x^3 + 4*x - 5)); (%o25) f(x):=3*x^3+4*x-5 (%i26) fundef (f); (%o26) f(x):=3*x^3+4*x-5 (%i27) f(2); (%o27) 27 </syntaxhighlight>What is true in the case of these elementary examples is true in general for function definitions involving multiple arguments:<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima"> /* x has a global value of 5 while y is local to g */ (%i28) g (x, y) := x^3 - y^2; (%o28) g(x,y):=x^3-y^2 (%i29) g (6,2); (%o29) 212 (%i30) define (g('x, y), 'x^3 - y^2); (%o30) g(x,y):=x^3-y^2 (%i31) values; (%o31) [x] (%i32) g (6,2); (%o32) 212 </syntaxhighlight>The <code>define</code> operator is a good choice in cases where an existing expression is used as the function body:<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima"> (%i33) /* assign an expression to identifier expr */ expr : diff('x^3, 'x); /* Returns 3*x^2 */ (expr) 3*x^2 (%i34) /* evaluate expr and define h (x) := 3*x^2 */ define (h ('x), expr); (%o34) h(x):=3*x^2 </syntaxhighlight>In cases in which functions require local variables or more than one expression for the function body, use the block operator:<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima"> (%i35) remvalue (x); (%o35) [x] (%i36) values; (%o36) [expr] --> power_sum (x, y) := block ( /* values of these identifiers are explicitly local to the function */ [sqx, sqy], /* unevaluated identifiers x and y are local arguments of the function and values of these identifiers are implicitly local to the function */ sqx : x^2, sqy : y^2, sqx + sqy /* the value of the function */ )$ (%i37) fundef (power_sum); (%o37) power_sum(x,y):=block([sqx,sqy],sqx:x^2,sqy:y^2,sqx+sqy) (%i38) power_sum (3,4); (%o38) 25 </syntaxhighlight>The <code>define</code> operator could also be used to define this function, but with different definition values as a consequence:<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima">(%i39) define (power_sum (x,y), block ( [sqx,sqy], sqx : x^2, sqy : y^2, sqx + sqy ) )$ (%i40) fundef (power_sum); (%o40) power_sum(x,y):=y^2+x^2 (%i41) power_sum (3,4); (%o41) 25</syntaxhighlight>The function definition of <code>power_sum</code> is different using the <code>define</code> operator instead of the <code>:=</code> operator. The value of the function when referenced with arguments (<code>power_sum (3,4)</code>) is the same in both cases – <code>25</code>. However, in general for defining functions, this may not be the case. The choice between these two operators depends on the intentions of the user. ==== Practical Considerations Related to Function Composition ==== In general, programming is a technical skill as well as a subjective art. So, absolute rules are not offered here. For practical purposes some "guidelines" are offered here that may be useful for Maxima function composition as well as Maxima programming in general: * * * * * Consider the following linear algebraic equation: <math display="block">3y - 7x = 10</math> As an example suppose the value that is sought is the slope <code>m</code> of this equation, and in general, the slope of any linear equation regardless of the form. <syntaxhighlight lang="maxima">/* assign the linear equation to an identifier */ (%i42) lineqn : 3*y - 7*x = 10; (lineqn) 3*y-7*x=10 /* solve the linear equation for y */ (%i43) solve([lineqn], [y]) (%o43) [y=(7*x+10)/3] /* use the index [1] of the list to get the solved equation */ (%i44) solve([lineqn], [y])[1] (%o44) y=(7*x+10)/3 /* use the rhs operator to get right-hand side */ (%i45) rhs(solve([lineqn], [y])[1]); (%o45) (7*x+10)/3 /* use the expand operator change the RHS */ (%i46) expand(rhs(solve([lineqn], [y])[1])); (%o46) (7*x)/3+10/3 /* use the coeff operator to get the coefficient of x */ (%i47) coeff(expand(rhs(solve([lineqn], [y])[1])),x,1); (%o47) 7/3 /* define the function with an argument eqn for lineqn */ (%i48) m (eqn) := coeff (expand (rhs (solve ([eqn], [y])[1])),x,1)$ /* check the function definition */ (%i49) fundef (m); (%o49) m(eqn):=coeff(expand(rhs((solve([eqn],[y]))[1])),x,1) /* reference the function using lineqn as an argument */ (%i50) m (lineqn); (%o50) 7/3 /* assign a different linear equation to lineqn */ (%i51) lineqn : x = 6*y + 13; (lineqn) x=6*y+13 /* reference the function using lineqn as an argument */ %i52) m (lineqn); (%o52) 1/6</syntaxhighlight>The function body of this example will result in an error if it is used with the <code>define</code> operator:<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima"> (%i53) define ( m (eqn), coeff (expand (rhs (solve ([eqn], [y])[1])),x,1) )$ inpart: invalid index 1 of list or matrix. -- an error. To debug this try: debugmode(true); </syntaxhighlight>This error is a consequence of the evaluation that occurs when using the <code>define</code> operator. In this case, this evaluation results in a reference to the indexed value of a list object that does not exist when evaluation occurs during definition – <code>solve ([eqn], [y])[1]</code>. ==== Memoizing Functions ==== The functions discussed so far are often referred to as '''''ordinary functions'''''. The arguments of ordinary functions are enclosed using parentheses – <var><code>(x<sub>1</sub>, x<sub>2,</sub> ..., x<sub>n</sub>)</code>.</var> Function definition forms which include arguments enclosed by brackets (as in <var><code>[x<sub>1</sub>, x<sub>2,</sub> ..., x<sub>n</sub>]</code></var>) are called '''''memoizing functions'''''. Memoizing functions can be categorized both as functions and as data structures – specifically a ''hashed array'' of values. Memoizing functions are also referred to as '''''array functions'''''. In any case, memoizing functions can be defined using either the <code>:=</code> operator or the <code>define</code> operator. If the form of the function definition expression is <code>f [x<sub>1</sub>, x<sub>2</sub>,..., x<sub>n</sub>] := expr</code> The function body <code>expr</code> is evaluated once for each individual value of the arguments, and that value is the value of the function, without again evaluating the function body, whenever referenced using arguments that have those same values. Once evaluated during a function reference with arguments, that value of a memoizing function is thereby "frozen" in other words. This frozen value also becomes an instance of a hashed array data structure that can be referenced by way of the value of the index used as an argument when first evaluated. In keeping with previous practice, the examples provided here are intentionally elementary for the purpose of demonstrating and clarifying the technical aspects involved. There is thereby no intention to convey that the composition of function definition expressions with multiple arguments and complex expressions for the function body is ruled out or of lesser practical value. <syntaxhighlight lang="maxima">/* define a memoizing function f */ /* x and n may serve as both arguments and array indices */ (%i54) f [x, n] := x^n; (%o54) f[x,n]:=x^n /* check the array information for f */ (%i55) arrayinfo (f); (%o55) [hashed,2] /* f does not appear in the list of functions */ (%i56) functions; (%o56) [m(lineqn)] /* reference f with argument values */ (%i57) f [2,3] ; (%o57) 8 /* check the array information for f again */ (%i58) arrayinfo (f); (%o58) [hashed,2,[2,3]] /* list the array values of f */ (%i59) listarray (f); (%o59) [8] /* f does appear in the list of arrays */ (%i60) arrays; (%o60) [f] /* reference f with new argument values */ (%i61) f [5,2]; (%o61) 25 /* check the array information for f again */ (%i62) arrayinfo (f); (%o62) [hashed,2,[2,3],[5,2]] /* list the array values of f */ (%i63) listarray (f); (%o63) [8,25]</syntaxhighlight>An expression of the form <code>define (f [x1, x2</code><code>,…, xn], expr)</code> may also be used to define the same memoizing function <code>f</code> in this case as the evaluation imposed by the <code>define</code> operator during evaluation of these function arguments and this function body that occurs makes no difference:<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima"> /* remove the function definition and values of f */ (%i64) remarray (f); (%o64) [f] /* the list of arrays is now empty */ (%i65) arrays; (%o65) [] /* define the same memoizing function f using the define operator */ /* evaluation makes no difference to the definition of f in this case */ (%i66) define (f [x,n], x^n); (%o66) f[x,n]:=x^n /* reference f with different argument values */ (%i67) f [3, 2]; (%o67) 9 /* reference f again with different argument values */ (%i68) f [2, 5]; (%o68) 32 /* f again appears in the list of arrays */ (%i69) arrays; (%o69) [f] /* check the array information for f */ (%i70) arrayinfo (f); (%o70) [hashed,2,[2,5],[3,2]] /* list the array values of f */ (%i71) listarray (f); (%o71) [32,9] </syntaxhighlight> ===== Special Forms of Memoizing Functions ===== <code>f [x<sub>1</sub>, x<sub>2</sub>,..., x<sub>n</sub>](y<sub>1</sub>, y<sub>2</sub>,..., y<sub>m</sub>):= expr</code> or <code>define (f</code> <code>[x<sub>1</sub>, x<sub>2,</sub> …, x<sub>n</sub>](y<sub>1</sub>, y<sub>2,</sub> …, y<sub>m</sub>), expr)</code> An expression of the form <code>f [x<sub>1</sub>, x<sub>2</sub>,..., x<sub>n</sub>](y<sub>1</sub>, y<sub>2</sub>,..., y<sub>m</sub>):= expr</code>, or alternatively of the form <code>define (f [x1, x2</code><code>,…, xn](y<sub>1</sub>, y<sub>2</sub>,..., y<sub>m</sub>), expr)</code>, may also be used to define a memoizing function named <code>f</code>. When either of these forms are used to compose a function definition expression, there is a sense in which the resulting function is a hybrid – part memoizing function, and part "ordinary" function. These forms create a hashed array of functions where the array subscripts <code>[x<sub>1</sub>, x<sub>2</sub>,..., x<sub>n</sub>]</code> evaluate immediately to "specialize" the function body, while the ordinary function arguments <code>(y<sub>1</sub>, y<sub>2</sub>,..., y<sub>m</sub>)</code> are used when evaluating these individual functions.<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima">/* Define a function for an array of "shifted" power functions */ (%i72) define( p[n](x), x^n + n ); (%o72) p[n](x):=x^n+n (%i73) p[2]; (%o73) lambda([x],x^2+2) (%i74) p[2](5); (%o74) 27 (%i75) p[4]; (%o75) lambda([x],x^4+4) (%i76) p[4](5); (%o76) 629 (%i77) arrayinfo (p); (%o77) [hashed,1,[2],[4]] (%i78) listarray (p) (%o78) [lambda([x],x^2+2),lambda([x],x^4+4)] (%i79) p[5]; (%o79) lambda([x],x^5+5) (%i80) p[5](2); (%o80) 37 (%i81) listarray (p); (%o81) [lambda([x],x^2+2),lambda([x],x^4+4),lambda([x],x^5+5)] (%i82) arrayinfo (p); (%o82) [hashed,1,[2],[4],[5]]</syntaxhighlight>'''Explanation of the code example:''' '''1. Defining the memoizing function:''' The expression composed using the <code>define</code> operator has a value that defines a special form of a memoizing function. The value of this defining expression serves as a "template" for indexed values of a hashed array – <code>p[n]</code>. '''2. The value of array instances:''' Applying the defined function <code>p</code> to an expression enclosed only with brackets for the argument identified as <code>n</code>, returns a value that is a <code>lambda</code> expression, and that is an indexed instance of a hashed array. The identifier <code>n</code> serves as both as an argument of the function body and as an index of the hashed array in this case. <code>lambda</code> expressions are sometimes referred to as ''anonymous'', ''ad hoc'', or ''throw-away''. The technical details of <code>lambda</code> expressions are explained in a following section. '''3. Evaluating the memoizing functions with arguments:''' The argument identified as <code>x</code> in parentheses serves only as part of the composition of the function body of the indexed <code>lambda</code> expressions of the hashed array <code>p</code> when referenced by some expression in parentheses. This form of the composition of a Maxima memoizing function is useful to create an array of unique <code>lambda</code> expressions where the composition of each individual expression depends explicitly on the structural indices of the array that are used. This form in general can be composed using more than one argument for index values enclosed in brackets, as well more than one evaluation argument enclosed in parentheses. The number of each type of argument need not be the same. For example, in a defining expression of the form: <code>f [x<sub>1</sub>, x<sub>2</sub>,..., x<sub>n</sub>](y<sub>1</sub>, y<sub>2</sub>,..., y<sub>m</sub>):= expr</code>, that <math display="inline">n = m</math> is true, is not necessary. The operator <code>:=</code> can also be used to define this type of memoizing function:<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima"> /* index values can be expressions */ (%i83) p [2*x]; (%o83) lambda([x],x^(2*x)+2*x) (%i84) p [2*x](4); (%o84) 65544 /* a memoizing function definition with multiple arguments */ (%i85) p2 [m, n](x, y) := x^n + y^m + (m+n); (%o85) p2[m,n](x,y):=x^n+y^m+(m+n) /* this expression creates the first indexed value of a hashed array identified as p2 */ (%i86) p2 [2, 2]; (%o86) lambda([x,y],y^2+x^2+4) /* this expression has a value of 17 for values of the arguments (2, 3) for the first indexed values of [2, 2] of a hashed array identified as p2 */ (%i87) p2 [2, 2](2,3); (%o87) 17 /* this expression creates the second indexed value of a hashed array identified as p2 */ (%i88) p2 [3, 4]; (%o88) lambda([x,y],y^3+x^4+7) /* this expression has a value of 213 for values of the arguments (3, 5) for the second indexed values of [3, 4] of a hashed array identified as p2 */ (%i89) p2 [3, 4](3, 5); (%o89) 213 (%i90) arrayinfo (p2); (%o90) [hashed,2,[2,2],[3,4]] (%i91) arrayinfo (p); (%o91) [hashed,1,[2],[4],[5],[2*x]] /* another memoizing function definition with multiple arguments and where n is not erqual to m */ (%i92) p3 [i, j](x, y, z) := x^i * y^j * z^j; (%o92) p3[i,j](x,y,z):=x^i*y^j*z^j (%i93) p3 [3,4]; (%o93) lambda([x,y,z],x^3*y^4*z^4) (%i94) p3 [3, 4] (2, 3, 4); (%o94) 165888 (%i95) arrayinfo (p3); (%o95) [hashed,2,[3,4]] (%i96) arrays; (%o96) [p,p2,p3] (%i97) listarray (p3); (%o97) [lambda([x,y,z],x^3*y^4*z^4)] </syntaxhighlight> ===== More Special Forms of Memoizing Functions Using the <code>define</code> Operator ===== <code>define (funmake (f, [x<sub>1</sub>, x<sub>2,</sub>…, x<sub>n</sub>]), expr)</code> or <code>define (arraymake (f, [x<sub>1</sub>, x<sub>2,</sub>…, x<sub>n</sub>]), expr)</code> or <code>define (ev (expr<sub>1</sub>, expr<sub>2</sub>))</code> ==== Lambda Expressions ==== ==== Macros – <code>::=</code> and <code>buildq</code> Operators ==== In the Maxima Computer Algebra System (CAS), a '''''macro''''' is a special type of function that manipulates the structure of an expression before it is evaluated. The Maxima Manual describes ''macros''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Maxima Manual - Operator ::= |url=https://maxima.sourceforge.io/docs/manual/Operators.html#index-_003a_003a_003d |url-status=live}}</ref> as follows: ''"Macro function definition operator.'' <code>::=</code> ''defines a function (called a "macro" for historical reasons) which quotes its arguments, and the expression which it returns (called the "macro expansion") is evaluated in the context from which the macro was called. A macro function is otherwise the same as an ordinary function."'' {| class="wikitable" |+Macro Operators and Identifiers |<code>::=</code> |<code>macroexpand</code> |<code>macros</code> |<code>splice</code> |- |<code>fundef</code> | <code>dispfun</code> | <code>buildq</code> | |- |<code>remfunction</code> |<code>kill</code> |<code>remove</code> | |}While ordinary Maxima functions evaluate their arguments immediately when referenced, a ''macro'' quotes its arguments. It treats those arguments as raw, not evaluated expressions blocks, ''transforms'' them mathematically or syntactically, and then <code>evaluates</code> the newly generated code. Because Maxima is written in and inherits the semantics of Common Lisp, its macro system acts similarly to Lisp macros, functioning essentially as a programmable compiler extension. Key Mechanics of a Maxima Macro * '''Definition Operator (<code>::</code>=):''' You define a macro using the <code>::=</code> operator instead of the ordinary function definition operator (<code>:=</code>). * '''The Global <code>macros</code> List:''' Every time you create a macro, Maxima automatically tracks it by appending it to a global information list called <code>macros</code>. * '''Macro Expansion:''' When a macro is invoked, Maxima executes a process called ''expansion''. The macro code runs to generate a new Maxima expression, and then Maxima evaluates that final output expression. ====== Some Reasons to Use a Macro Instead of a Function: ====== Ordinary functions cannot control how or when arguments are evaluated. Macros are a good choice for: # '''Evaluation Control:''' Preventing an expression from being evaluated until specific conditional statements are checked. # '''Meta-programming:''' Writing clean, shorthand code that automatically generates longer, repetitive mathematical boilerplate expressions "under the hood" so to speak. # '''Context Manipulation:''' Altering identifiers inside the environment where referenced rather than within a closed, localized function scope. ====== Example: Function vs. Macro ====== <syntaxhighlight lang="maxima"> (%i98) a_function (expr) := print( "The expression is: ", expr)$ (%i99) x:5; (x) 5 /* An ordinary function evaluates arguments when referenced */ (%i9) a_function (x + 2)$ The expression is: 7 /* This has the same value as the above */ (%i18) a_function (expr : x + 2)$ The expression is: 7 /* A macro quotes its arguments and controls execution */ (%i2) a_macro (expr) ::= buildq ([expr], print ("The expression is: ", 'expr))$ (%i11) a_macro (x + 2); The expression is: x+2 (%o22) x+2 (%i12) a_macro (expr : x + 2); The expression is: expr:x+2 (%o12) expr:x+2 (%i6) a_macro (expr : 2); The expression is: expr:2 (%o6) expr:2 (%i13) macros; (%o13) [a_macro(expr)] </syntaxhighlight>To understand the difference, consider how differently a function and a macro handle a identifier named <code>x</code>: * If you call a<code>_function(x + 2)</code> when x has been previously assigned a value of <code>5</code>, the function immediately receives <code>7</code> as its input. * If you call a<code>_macro(x + 2)</code>, the macro captures the exact symbolic structure <code>x + 2</code> without evaluating it first, allowing you to manipulate the literal algebraic format. Code templates like <code>buildq</code> are frequently used inside macros to construct these new mathematical structures cleanly. ====== Two Other Simple Examples ====== Simple macros are typically used to create shorthand syntax, control evaluation, or mimic standard programming constructs like in-place modification. '''Example''' '''1: In-place Increment''' In Maxima, there is no built-in <code>x++</code> or <code>x : x + 1</code> when x is referenced as an argument of an ordinary function. Using a macro, an identifier can be referenced as an argument without evaluating it, modify it, and then reassign it.<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima">/* macro definition expression */ (%i30) incm (var) ::= buildq ([var], var : var + 1); (%o30) incm(var)::=buildq([var],var:var+1) /* Usage */ (%i33) x : 10; (x) 10 (%i34) incm (x); (%o34) 11 /* x is now 11 */ (%i42) x; (%o42) 11</syntaxhighlight>An ordinary function would evaluate <code>x</code> to <code>10</code> immediately, passing the number <code>10</code> to the function. An ordinary function cannot assign a new value to the raw identifier <code>x</code>.<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima"> /* function definition expression */ (%i40) incf(var) := buildq([var], var : var + 1); (%o40) incf(var):=buildq([var],var:var+1) (%i41) incf (x); (%o41) 11:12 /* x is still 11 */ (%i43) x; (%o43) 11 </syntaxhighlight>'''Example 2: Unless Conditional''' <code>(unless_then)</code> A macro for a custom control flow that evaluates a body of expressions only if a condition is <code>false</code>.<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima"> /* definition expression for the macro */ (%i48) unless_then(cond, body) ::= buildq([cond, body], if not cond then body)$ /* usage */ (%i45) is_raining : false; (is_raining) false (%i47) unless_then(is_raining, print("Let's go for a walk!"))$ Let's go for a walk! </syntaxhighlight> ====== Some Complex Macro Examples ====== Complex macros often use <code>buildq</code> (build quotation) alongside loop structures to dynamically generate heavily nested code, unroll repetitive operations, or create entirely new domain-specific syntax. '''Example 1: Parallel Assignment''' <code>(psetq)</code> This macro mimics Lisp's parallel assignment. It takes a list of variables and a list of values, evaluating all values first before assigning them to prevent variables from overwriting each other mid-process (useful for swapping variables).<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima"> --> psetq ([args]) ::= block ( [len, vars, vals, gensyms, assignments, final_assigns], len : length (args), if oddp (len) then error ("psetq requires an even number of arguments"), /* Separate variables and expressions */ vars : makelist (args[i], i, 1, len, 2), vals : makelist (args[i], i, 2, len, 2), /* Create unique temporary identifiers to hold the evaluated values safely */ gensyms : makelist (gensym (), i, 1, length (vars)), /* 1. Evaluate expressions into temporary identifiers */ assignments : makelist (buildq ([g: gensyms[i], v: vals[i]], g: v), i, 1, length (vars)), /* 2. Assign temporary identifiers back to target identifiers */ final_assigns : makelist (buildq([v : vars[i], g : gensyms[i]], v : g), i, 1, length (vars)), /* Return a block containing both steps sequentially */ buildq ([assignments, final_assigns], block (splice (assignments), splice (final_assigns))) )$ (%i53) x : 5$ (%i54) y : 10$ (%i56) psetq(x, y, y, x)$ (%i58) print("x =", x, "y =", y)$ "x ="5"y ="10 </syntaxhighlight>• Key Concept: splice is used here inside buildq to unpack the list of generated assignment expressions directly into the block(...) structure so it executes as raw, flat sequential code. Core Macro Utilities to Remember When moving from simple to complex macros in Maxima, you will heavily rely on these three tools: 1. buildq([substitutions], expression): Safely injects variables into a quoted expression template. 2. splice(list): Flattens a list within a buildq template, removing the outer list bracket tags. 3. gensym(): Generates a completely unique variable name (e.g., g1234) to prevent macro internal variables from accidentally clashing with variables in the user's main program (hygiene). If you want to build a specific piece of syntax or automate a script, let me know what code pattern you are trying to generate or which evaluation behavior you want to control, and I can help you write the exact macro for it! ==== Some Techniques for Function Composition ==== === Conditional Expressions – Special Operator <code>if</code> === === Expressions for Iteration – Special Operator <code>do</code> === The special operator <code>do</code> is used to compose expressions for iteration. It is typically used with the following other special operators: * <code>while</code> * <code>unless</code> * <code>for</code> * <code>from</code> * <code>thru</code> * <code>step</code> * <code>next</code> * <code>in</code> The general forms of <code>do</code> expressions Maxima supports are: <code>for</code> variable: initial_value <code>step</code> increment <code>thru</code> limit <code>do</code> body <code>for</code> variable: initial_value <code>step</code> increment <code>while</code> condition <code>do</code> body <code>for</code> variable: initial_value <code>step</code> increment <code>unless</code> condition <code>do</code> body <code>for</code> variable <code>in</code> list <code>do</code> body <code>for</code> variable <code>in</code> expr <code>do</code> body <code>for</code> variable <code>in</code> hash_table <code>do</code> body === Lisp and Maxima === {{BookCat}} 8y9tpoi6hvsn4w07f82wuitrgr3ggk4 4679394 4679321 2026-11-01T02:52:48Z Idavidmiller 3577687 Work in progress. Saving Changes. 4679394 wikitext text/x-wiki =Maxima Programming= Although Maxima is not a general-purpose programming language, Maxima as a CAS includes among the built-in ingredients a relatively complete set of programming expressions that are useful for the intended context. Many of the code examples of this section are intended to be illustrative of technical details relevant to Maxima programming as their purpose, and consequently are intentionally elementary in character. Learning any sort of programming language, including Maxima programming expressions, is a subjective process. In any case, it is essential to have enough technical know-how specific to the programming language in order to begin the learning process, even in cases where much positive transfer from other programming experience is involved. Much can be accomplished mathematically using Maxima without having to resort to in-depth knowledge and proficiency in the technical details of Maxima programming expressions. However, Maxima programming expressions are frequently essential for the purpose of defining functions, both in the programming sense of the term, but also more relevantly, for the mathematical sense. For that reason alone, familiarity and sufficient proficiency with Maxima programming expressions should be given some attention. One way to begin the learning process is to become familiar with enough of the programming essentials to accomplish independent efforts toward accomplishing some specific programming goal of interest. The other way is to study the many available programming expressions of others. This section is intended to provide the essentials toward learning by whatever means are chosen. The following table shows some built-in ingredients related to Maxima programming expressions: {| class="wikitable" |+Maxima Programming Category |if |unless |errcatch |prederror |- |block |for |error |return |- |catch |from |warning |throw |- |local |thru |errormsg |sstatus |- |garbage_collect |step |errormsg |status |- |do |next |go | |- |while |in | | |} Some of these programming expression ingredients can also be considered as belonging to one or more other categories than the Programming category. === Block Expressions === Arguably, the first expressions to consider in the context of Maxima programming are '''''block''''' expressions. All <code>block</code> expressions as programming ingredients come in two flavors: * <code>( expr<sub>1</sub>, expr<sub>2</sub>,…, expr<sub>n</sub> )</code> * <code>block ([v<sub>1</sub>,v<sub>2,</sub>…,v<sub>m</sub>], expr<sub>1</sub>, expr<sub>2</sub>,…, expr<sub>n</sub>)</code> The first form of a <code>block</code> expression is equivalent to the second form, but without the first list argument: <code>[v<sub>1</sub>,v<sub>2,</sub>…,v<sub>m</sub>]</code>, as in <code>block (expr<sub>1</sub>, expr<sub>2</sub>,…, expr<sub>n</sub></code>, unless <code>return</code> or <code>go</code> operators are used in the block expression. In that, case the form <code>block (expr<sub>1</sub>, expr<sub>2</sub>,…, expr<sub>n</sub>)</code> must be used. It should be noted that for Maxima to interpret of the syntax of the first of these forms as a block operator, there must be at least two expressions in the comma-separated sequence of expressions as arguments. Otherwise, Maxima will interpret the parentheses of this syntax as simply grouping related to the precedence order of operations. The purpose of the list argument, <code>[v<sub>1</sub>,v<sub>2,</sub>…,v<sub>m</sub>]</code> is to declare the values of identifiers of the list to be local to the <code>block</code>. If there is no need for local identifiers, the list argument can be omitted (unless <code>return</code> or <code>go</code> operators are used in the <code>block</code> expression), and either form is sufficient.<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima">/* This block expression */ (%i1) (x : 2, x^2); (%o1) 4 /* Is equivalent to this block expression */ (%i2) block (x : 2, x^2); (%o2) 4</syntaxhighlight>So, in the case where values of identifiers local to the <code>block</code> of expressions are not required, then the choice of either form of the <code>block</code> expression is a matter of user preference. In both cases, the values of identifiers referenced in the <code>block</code> are global, and not local to the <code>block</code> expression. However, for the sake of clarity and consistency use of the latter form may be a better choice. <syntaxhighlight lang="maxima"> /* The value 3 assigned to x is global */ (%i3) x : 3; (x) 3 /* The value 2 assigned to x in the block is global */ (%i4) (x : 2, x^2); (%o4) 4 /* The global value assigned to x in the block is 2 not 3 */ (%i5) x; (%o5) 2 </syntaxhighlight>Values of identifiers local to the <code>block</code> may not be global:<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima">/* the value of identifier y is local only */ (%i6) block ([y], y : 4, y); (%o6) 4 /* the global value of identifier y is not 4, but is itself */ (%i7) y; (%o7) y /* the values of identifiers x and y are both local */ (%i8) block ([x,y], x : 3, y : 4, x); (%o8) 3 /* the global value of identifier x is not 3, but is 2 */ (%i9) x; (%o9) 2 /* the global value of identifier y is not 4, but is itself */ (%i10) y; (%o10) y</syntaxhighlight> Regardless of the form of the <code>block</code> expressions these have in common the comma-separated expression arguments <code>expr<sub>1</sub>, expr<sub>2</sub>,…, expr<sub>n</sub></code> which are evaluated each in turn from first to last (unless the evaluation sequence is modified by by the <code>go</code>, <code>throw</code>, or <code>return</code> operators), and the value of the block expression is the value of <code>expr<sub>n</sub></code>. The main purpose of the <code>block</code> expression, regardless of the form, is to group expressions that are related in some manner, and the value of the last expression may be the only value of interest. However, there are very few limitations imposed on the nature of the <code>block</code> expression arguments, so it might be the case that the purpose of evaluating the <code>block</code> expression has been achieved before the last expression argument is evaluated, in which case the value of the <code>block</code> expression may not necessarily be the value of the last argument expression. One way to accomplish that is to use an empty string as the last argument expression with the option flag <code>stringdisp</code> set to <code>false</code> which is the default value.<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima"> (%i11) stringdisp; (%o11) false (%i12) block ([x,y], x : 3, y : 4, x, ""); (%o12) (%i13) block ([x,y], x : 3, y : 4, x)$ </syntaxhighlight> The display of the value of the <code>block</code> expression may be suppressed using a <code>$</code> to end the input expression instead of a semi-colon. Either technique produces a <code>block</code> expression value, but the value is not displayed. If a <code>return</code> operator is evaluated as a argument expression, this will cause evaluation of expression arguments to end explicitly, and the value of the <code>return</code> operator becomes the value of the <code>block</code> expression.<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima"> (%i14) is (equal (x, 2)); (%o14) true %i15) block (if is (equal (x, 2)) then return (x), " x not 2"); (%o15) 2 (%i16) x : 3; (x) 3 (%i17) block (if is (equal (x, 2)) then return (x), "x not 2"); (%o17) x not 2 </syntaxhighlight>When a <code>return</code> operator is evaluated within a <code>block</code> expression the result is to stop evaluation of expressions within the enclosing <code>block</code> expression and to return the value of its argument as the value of the enclosing <code>block</code> expression. It therefore can be compared with the <code>return</code> statement found in other programming languages, but with one difference: In Maxima, the <code>return</code> operator affects only the block expression in which the <code>return</code> operator is an expression, and has no effect otherwise.<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima">(%i18) test_nested_block (val) := block ( [outer_var : 10], print("Entering outer block expression"), /* inner block expression */ block( [inner_var : 20], print (" Entering inner block expression"), if val > 5 then /* another inner block expression */ block ( print (" val > 5"), print (" Returning only to inner block expression"), return (inner_var + val) /* returns only to the inner block expression */ ), /* end of another inner block expression */ print (" inner_var + val is ", inner_var + val) ), /* end of inner block expression */ print ("Back in outer block expression"), outer_var + val /* end of outer block expression */ )$ (%i19) test_nested_block (1); Entering outer block expression Entering inner block expression inner_var + val is 21 Back in outer block expression (%o19) 11 (%i20) test_nested_block (6); Entering outer block expression Entering inner block expression val > 5 Returning only to inner block expression Back in outer block expression (%o20) 16</syntaxhighlight> '''''The <code>block</code> operators''''': Each instance may define local variables and has a comma-separated sequence of expressions as arguments. '''''Nested blocks''''': There are three <code>block</code> operators used in the right-hand side of the function definition expression named <code>test_nested_block (val</code>. There is an outer <code>block</code> expression that has an inner <code>block</code> expression as an argument,and there is a third <code>block</code> expression that is an argument of the inner <code>block</code> expression. '''''The <code>return</code> operator''''': If <code>val > 5</code> is <code>true</code> then the return operator of the most inner <code>block</code> expression is evaluated and evaluation of remaining expressions of that block expression does not occur. The value of that most inner <code>block</code> expression is the value of the argument of the return operator – <code>inner_var + val</code>. Evaluation of expressions continues with the first expression of the inner <code>block</code> expression after the end of the most inner <code>block</code> expression – which is <code>print ("   inner_var + val is ", inner_var + val)</code>. The value of the <code>print</code> operator is the value of <code>inner_var + val</code>. However, while that value is the value of the inner <code>block</code> expression it is effectively lost, as it is not the last expression of the outer <code>block</code> sequence of expressions. That value is the value of <code>outer_var + val</code>, which, being the last expression of the outer <code>block</code> is always the value of the function. ==== Block Expression Evaluation Sequence Modifications ==== <code>block</code> expression arguments <code>expr<sub>1</sub>, expr<sub>2</sub>,…, expr<sub>n</sub></code> are generally evaluated each in turn from first to last, and the value of the <code>block</code> expression is the value of <code>expr<sub>n</sub></code> unless this sequence is modified by some means. One way to modify the first-to-last expression evaluation sequence of a <code>block</code> expression is by way of a <code>go</code> operator with a ''label'' (or ''"tag"'') argument ( the ''"go to"'') as the following exemplifies:<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima"> (%i18) sum_to_n (n) := block ( [i : 1, total : 0], loop, total : total + i, i : i + 1, if i <= n then go (loop), total)$ (%i19) sum_to_n(25); (%o19) 325 (%i20) n; (%o20) n (%i21) i; (%o21) i (%i22) total; (%o22) total </syntaxhighlight> Note the following: * <code>'''block ([ i : 1,total : 0], ...)'''</code>: The list argument creates a local environment with local identifiers <code>i</code> and <code>total</code>. The function argument <code>n</code> is also a local identifier. * <code>'''loop'''</code>: This label serves as a target inside the <code>block</code> expression to where <code>go (loop)</code> can jump. * <code>'''if i <= n then go (loop)'''</code>: This conditional expression causes the <code>go (loop)</code> operator to be evaluated if the condition is <code>true</code>. * <code>'''total'''</code>: The value of this local identifier is the returned value of the <code>block</code> expression. It should also be worth noting that the identifiers <code>n</code>, <code>i</code>, and <code>total</code> have local values assigned within the <code>block</code> expression, but their global values are themselves. Also notice that the identifiers <code>i</code> and <code>total</code> were both declared local and assigned initial values within the <code>block</code> list argument. The ''go-to'' label argument of the <code>go</code> operator must be the name of a tag appearing within the same block expression. The <code>go</code> operator cannot be used to go to a tag in a different <code>block</code> expression. There is nothing special about the <code>loop</code> identifier name used for the go-to tag in this example. Other identifiers could be used, but they must be atomic. Another way to modify a <code>block</code> expression evaluation sequence is by way of the <code>throw</code> operator.<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima">(%i32) /* Define a function using a block expression that searches for a specific condition and a throw value to catch */ find_element (target_list, threshold) := block ( [found_val : false], /* local identifier value */ catch( for x in target_list do ( if x > threshold then ( /* Immediately exit the block and return this value */ throw (x) ) ), /* This string is returned only if the do loop finishes without a throw to catch */ "No element exceeded the threshold" ) )$ (%i31) /* Test the block */ find_element ( [10, 20, 55, 80], 50 ); (%o31) 55</syntaxhighlight>This example unpacks as follows: <code>'''catch (...)'''</code>: This expression creates a target scope that ''"catches"'' the value of any <code>throw</code> expression evaluated within that scope. <code>'''throw (x)'''</code>: When Maxima encounters this operator, it immediately stops evaluation of the <code>do</code> loop expression '''''and the rest of the''''' <code>block</code> '''''expression.''''' It jumps directly out of the scope of the <code>catch</code> expression, returning the value of <code>x</code> as the value of the entire <code>catch</code> expression. ==== Nested Block Expressions ==== <code>block</code> operators may appear within other block expressions as arguments – '''''nested''''' <code>block</code> expressions. A local environment with local identifiers may be created for nested block expressions. Local values for identifiers, if declared by a first <code>block</code> operator list argument, are created each time a nested <code>block</code> is evaluated. However, identifiers with global values that have not been declared as local within any <code>block</code> expressions, are global values for nested <code>block</code> expressions as well as enclosing <code>block</code> expressions. Likewise, local identifiers of any enclosing <code>block</code> expression have values that are global within any enclosed blocks, if not declared as local within the enclosed block. If the value of an identifier is not local in a <code>block</code> expression, its value is the value most recently assigned by an enclosing <code>block</code> expression, if any value has been assigned. Otherwise, it is the value of the identifier in the global environment. <syntaxhighlight lang="maxima"> (%i23) z : 2^(1/3); (z) 2^(1/3) (%i24) /* Outer block starts */ block ( [x : 10, y : 20], /* values of x and y declared local to outer block */ /* Inner block starts */ block ( [y : 99, z : 100], /* values of y and z declared local to inner block */ print ("Inside inner block:"), print ("x =", x, "is the value of x from outer block"), print ("y =", y, "is the local value of y of outer block"), print("z =", z, "is the local value of z of inner block") ), /* Inner block ends */ /* Outer block resumes */ print ("Back in outer block:"), print ("x =", x, "is the value of x from outer block"), print ("y =", y, "is the restored value of y of the outer block"), print ("z =", z, "is the value of z global to both blocks") /* Outer block ends */ )$ Inside inner block: x = 10 is the value of x from outer block y = 99 is the local value of y of outer block z = 100 is the local value of z of inner block Back in outer block: x = 10 is the value of x from outer block y = 20 is the restored value of y of the outer block z = 2^(1/3) is the value of z global to both blocks </syntaxhighlight> ==== Values, Properties, and the <code>local</code> Operator ==== The expression <code>local (v<sub>1</sub>, v<sub>2</sub>, ... , v<sub>m</sub>)</code> within a <code>block</code> expression saves the '''''properties''''' associated with the symbols <code>v<sub>1</sub>, v<sub>2</sub>, ... , v<sub>m</sub></code>, removes any properties before evaluating other expressions, and restores any saved properties on exit from the block. Because Maxima is an application based on the Common Lisp programming language, it utilizes Lisp '''''symbol''''' structure. Lisp symbols are objects that carry their own "dictionary" of attributes. A Lisp symbol's internal property list (''plist'') is a built-in data structure attached directly to a symbol. Maxima uses this underlying Lisp symbol structure to associate '''''properties''''' with Maxima identifiers. Properties of identifiers can be ''declared explicitly'' by users. <syntaxhighlight lang="maxima"> (%i23) declare (x, real); (%o23) done </syntaxhighlight> However, some identifier property declarations are ''implemented implicitly'' as properties of a symbol, including <code>:=</code>, <code>array</code>, <code>dependencies</code>, <code>atvalue</code>, <code>matchdeclare</code>, <code>atomgrad</code>, <code>constant</code>, <code>nonscalar</code>, <code>assume</code>, and some others. Below is a description of how each of those specific declarations is implemented as a property under the hood: ====== Functions and Arrays ====== * '''<code>:=</code> (Function Definition):''' When you define a function using <code>f(x) := x^2</code>, the actual expression (<code>x^2</code>) and its argument list (<code>x</code>) are stored as a property of the symbol <code>f</code>. * '''<code>array</code>:''' When you declare or use a subscripted array (like <code>a[i]</code>), the array type, dimensions, and memory pointer are attached as a property to the symbol <code>a</code>. This differentiates it from a standard scalar variable. ====== Calculus and Dependencies ====== * '''<code>dependencies</code>:''' If you declare <code>depends(y, x)</code>, Maxima attaches a dependency list property to <code>y</code> noting that it functionally depends on <code>x</code>. This tells the <code>diff</code> (differentiation) engine not to treat <code>y</code> as a constant relative to <code>x</code>. * '''<code>atvalue</code>:''' When you define a specific value for an expression at a boundary point (e.g., <code>atvalue(y, x=0, 1)</code>), this boundary constraint is stored as an evaluation property on the symbol <code>y</code>. * '''<code>atomgrad</code>:''' This assigns a specific gradient or derivative to an atomic identifier (e.g., telling Maxima what (df/dx) is explicitly). Maxima saves this rule as a gradient property on that symbol. ====== Pattern Matching and Rules ====== * '''<code>matchdeclare</code>:''' Used in Maxima's pattern-matching system (like <code>tellsimp</code>). When you type <code>matchdeclare(x, freeof(a))</code>, Maxima attaches a predicate property to <code>x</code>. When a pattern rule runs, Maxima looks at property list of <code>x</code> to see what conditions a matching expression must meet. ====== Mathematical and Evaluation Attributes ====== * '''<code>constant</code>:''' Declaring <code>declare(c, constant)</code> places a "constant" flag on property list of <code>c</code>. Core routines (like integration and differentiation) check this flag to know they can pull <code>c</code> out of integrals or differentiate it to zero. * '''<code>nonscalar</code>:''' Tells Maxima to treat a symbol as a matrix or vector rather than a regular number. This property changes how operators like <code>.</code> (non-commutative multiplication) treat the symbol. * '''<code>assume</code>:''' When an expression such as <code>assume(x > 0)</code> is used, Maxima's database system (<code>context</code>) assigns facts and properties (like <code>pos</code> or <code>nonnegative</code>) to the symbol <code>x</code>, allowing the simplifier to safely reduce expressions like <code>sqrt(x^2)</code> to <code>x</code>. The effect of the <code>local</code> operator is to make such declarations effective only within a <code>block</code> expression. Otherwise, declarations within a <code>block</code> expression are considered to be global declarations. So what does all of this mean to the typical Maxima user? It means that the list of identifiers that is the first argument of a <code>block</code> expression only declares the '''''values''''' of those identifiers as local to the <code>block</code> expression in which the list is an argument. Any properties of identifiers are not declared local by this means. In order to declare '''''properties''''' of identifiers to be local to a <code>block</code> expression, the <code>local</code> operator must be used as an expression within the <code>block</code> expression. At the point where the local operator is evaluated as an argument of a <code>block</code> expression, the properties of the identifiers that are arguments to the <code>local</code> operator become local to the block. It is not an unfair criticism that perhaps the <code>local</code> operator should have been named something like <code>local_properties</code>. <syntaxhighlight lang="maxima"> (%i25) f (s) := cos (s); (%o25) f(s):=cos(s) (%i26) f (%pi/6); (%o26) sqrt(3)/2 (%i27) block (local (f), f (s) := sin (s), f (%pi/6)); (%o27) 1/2 (%i28) f (s); (%o28) cos(s) </syntaxhighlight>In the above example, the '''''properties''''' of identifier <code>f</code> were declared to be local in the <code>block</code> expression using the <code>local</code> operator. However, global properties of the identifier <code>f</code> were not affected by the local function definition of <code>f</code> in the <code>block</code> expression. The global definition expression of <code>f</code> which is <code>cos (s)</code> and the argument <code>s</code> were not affected by the local definition of <code>f</code> because the properties of <code>f</code> were declared local to the <code>block</code> expression. <code>block</code> expressions can be used for different purposes in the Maxima programming context. <code>block</code> expressions can be used in a stand-alone fashion or as part of an expression. However, <code>block</code> expressions are commonly used in expressions that define '''''functions''''', which is the topic that follows. === Functions === {| class="wikitable" |+Function Definition Operators and Identifiers |<code>:=</code> |<code>fundef</code> |<code>buildq</code> |- |<code>::=</code> |<code>lambda</code> |<code>macros</code> |- |<code>define</code> |<code>local</code> |<code>slice</code> |- |<code>dispfun</code> |<code>remfunction</code> | |- |<code>functions</code> |<code>setup_autoload</code> | |} As a technical term '''''function''''' is aptly characterized as being overloaded. In the context of Maxima as a CAS, it has both a programming meaning and a mathematical meaning in terms of usage. In this book, the convention is to refer to what may otherwise be referred to as built-in Maxima functions as ''operators'' including those of built-in packages. By this convention, the term '''''function''''' in this book refers exclusively to expressions composed by the user by way of the <code>:=</code> or <code>define</code> operators. As has been mentioned elsewhere in this book, what are conventionally termed ''operators'' that are built-in to Maxima, are at the level of underlying expression construction, Lisp procedures of one type or another. So it makes sense to simply refer to built-in Maxima functions and operators simply as operators one and all. This convention obviates the need for the repetitious use of qualifiers such as ''built-in Maxima'' and ''user-defined'' functions. There are two operators used to define functions as follows: # The <code>''''':='''''</code> operator # The <code>'''define'''</code> operator <var><code>f (x<sub>1</sub>, x<sub>2,</sub> ..., x<sub>n</sub>) ''':=''' expr</code> <code>f</code> <code>[x<sub>1</sub>, x<sub>2,</sub> ..., x<sub>n</sub>] ''':=''' expr</code> <code>f</code> <code>[x<sub>1</sub>, x<sub>2,</sub> ..., x<sub>n</sub>](y<sub>1</sub>, y<sub>2</sub>, ..., y<sub>m</sub>) ''':=''' expr</code></var> <code>define (f</code> <code>(x<sub>1</sub>, x<sub>2,</sub> …, x<sub>n</sub>), expr)</code> <code>define (f</code> <code>[x<sub>1</sub>, x<sub>2,</sub> …, x<sub>n</sub>], expr)</code> <code>define (f</code> <code>[x<sub>1</sub>, x<sub>2,</sub> …, x<sub>n</sub>](y<sub>1</sub>, y<sub>2,</sub> …, y<sub>m</sub>), expr)</code> <code>define (funmake (f, [</code><code>x<sub>1</sub>, x<sub>2,</sub> …, x<sub>n</sub>]), expr)</code> <code>define (arraymake (f, [</code><code>x<sub>1</sub>, x<sub>2,</sub> …, x<sub>n</sub>]), expr)</code> <code>define (ev (</code><code>expr<sub>1</sub>, expr<sub>2</sub>))</code> where <code>expr</code> is some Maxima expression that is commonly referred to as the ''function body''. As can be concluded from the above, each of these operators has different forms of syntax that can be used. In any case, the most significant differences between these two operators are in terms of the evaluation of the function body and the composition and identification of functions dynamically. * '''Evaluation:''' ** The <code>:=</code> operator '''suppresses (quotes)''' the evaluation of the function body when this operator is first evaluated. It does not evaluate or simplify the function body until the function identifier itself is evaluated with arguments. ** The <code>define()</code> operator '''evaluates''' the function body when this operator is first evaluated. If the function body involves intermediate computations, substituted values, or extracted parts of expressions (like <code>rhs()</code> or derivative results), the <code>define()</code> operator includes the evaluated results of those directly into the function body. * '''Dynamic Function Composition and Identifiers:''' ** Function identifiers cannot easily be composed dynamically on the left-hand side of the <code>:=</code> operator when used inside programmatic loop expressions or in scripts. ** The <code>define()</code> operator accepts expressions like <code>funmake</code> or evaluated symbols as its first argument, allowing the composition and identification of functions dynamically during evaluation. So, there are in general two different operators that can be used to define and evaluate functions. The choice by the Maxima user between these two operators depends on the purpose and context. ==== Function Definition Using the <code>:=</code> Operator ==== For the purpose of understanding the two ways of defining functions, consider the following example which is elementary, but in terms of clarification is not merely simple:<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima">/* "kill" all previously used identifier and values */ (%i29) kill (all); (%o0) done /* assign identifier x the global value of 5 */ (%i1) x : 5; (x) 5 /* define f as a function with local argument x */ (%i2) f (x) := x; (%o2) f(x):=x /* evaluate f at local value of x is 3 */ (%i3) f (3); (%o3) 3 /* the global value of x is not affected */ (%i4) x; (%o4) 5 /* show the definition expression of the function named f */ (%i5) fundef (f); (%o5) f(x):=x</syntaxhighlight>'''Function Definition Using the''' '''<code>define</code> Operator'''<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima"> /* define a function with identifier g with a local argument y and with a function body of identifier x */ (%i3) define (g('x), x); (%o3) g(x):=5 /* identifier x of the function body is evaluated */ /* identifier x as an argument of g is local in scope */ (%i4) fundef (g); (%o4) g(x):=5 /* the same identifier x used in three different roles */ /* used as the global name of a function x */ /* used as a local argument of a function */ /* used as an unevaluated expression for a function body */ (%i7) x(x) := x; (%o7) x(x):=x (%i9) x(3); (%o9) 3 (%i10) x; (%o10) 5 (%i8) fundef (x); (%o8) x(x):=x (%i11) define (x('x), x); (%o11) x(x):=5 (%i12) fundef (x); (%o12) x(x):=5 </syntaxhighlight>The purpose of this example is not to encourage this sort of syntax as a typical choice for identifiers and function definitions. The purpose is to clarify how Maxima implicitly determines the scope and meaning of identifiers used for function definition in the absence of any explicit user stipulations. It should be noted that the <code>define</code> operator not only evaluates the expression that is the function body, it also evaluates the arguments of the function identifier that is the first argument of the <code>define</code> operator. Since there is a global value of the identifier <code>x</code> of <code>5</code>, it was necessary to suppress evaluation (quote) the argument in the expression <code>(%i12) define ('x), x);</code> as otherwise an error would be the result:<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima"> /* define a new function named x */ (%i14) define (x('x), 'x^2); (%o14) x(x):=x^2 /* check the definition of the new function named x */ (%i15) fundef (x); (%o15) x(x):=x^2 /* the identifier x has a global value */ (%i16) values; (%o16) [x] /* the global value of identifier x is 5 */ (%i17) x; (%o17) 5 /* the suppressed global value 'x of identifier x is x */ (%i18) 'x; (%o18) x /* not quoting the global value of identifier x is an error */ (%i19) define (x(x), 'x^2); define: in definition of x, parameter must be a symbol and must not be a system constant; found: 5 -- an error. To debug this try: debugmode(true); </syntaxhighlight> ==== Understanding the Differences Between the <code>:=</code> and <code>define</code> Operators ==== In cases such as these, the suppression of evaluation by quoting is a user stipulation as to evaluation. Users must be aware of these differences between the two operators (<code>:=</code> and <code>define</code>) for the purpose of function definition in order to achieve what is intended and to avoid errors,<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima"> (%i20) f (x) := 3*x^3 + 4*x - 5; (%o20) f(x):=3*x^3+4*x-5 (%i21) fundef (f); (%o21) f(x):=3*x^3+4*x-5 (%i22) f(2); (%o22) 27 (%i23) define (f (x) , 3*x^3 + 4*x - 5); define: in definition of f, parameter must be a symbol and must not be a system constant; found: 5 -- an error. To debug this try: debugmode(true); (%i24) define (f ('x) , 3*x^3 + 4*x - 5); (%o24) f(x):=390 (%i25) define (f ('x) , '(3*x^3 + 4*x - 5)); (%o25) f(x):=3*x^3+4*x-5 (%i26) fundef (f); (%o26) f(x):=3*x^3+4*x-5 (%i27) f(2); (%o27) 27 </syntaxhighlight>What is true in the case of these elementary examples is true in general for function definitions involving multiple arguments:<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima"> /* x has a global value of 5 while y is local to g */ (%i28) g (x, y) := x^3 - y^2; (%o28) g(x,y):=x^3-y^2 (%i29) g (6,2); (%o29) 212 (%i30) define (g('x, y), 'x^3 - y^2); (%o30) g(x,y):=x^3-y^2 (%i31) values; (%o31) [x] (%i32) g (6,2); (%o32) 212 </syntaxhighlight>The <code>define</code> operator is a good choice in cases where an existing expression is used as the function body:<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima"> (%i33) /* assign an expression to identifier expr */ expr : diff('x^3, 'x); /* Returns 3*x^2 */ (expr) 3*x^2 (%i34) /* evaluate expr and define h (x) := 3*x^2 */ define (h ('x), expr); (%o34) h(x):=3*x^2 </syntaxhighlight>In cases in which functions require local variables or more than one expression for the function body, use the block operator:<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima"> (%i35) remvalue (x); (%o35) [x] (%i36) values; (%o36) [expr] --> power_sum (x, y) := block ( /* values of these identifiers are explicitly local to the function */ [sqx, sqy], /* unevaluated identifiers x and y are local arguments of the function and values of these identifiers are implicitly local to the function */ sqx : x^2, sqy : y^2, sqx + sqy /* the value of the function */ )$ (%i37) fundef (power_sum); (%o37) power_sum(x,y):=block([sqx,sqy],sqx:x^2,sqy:y^2,sqx+sqy) (%i38) power_sum (3,4); (%o38) 25 </syntaxhighlight>The <code>define</code> operator could also be used to define this function, but with different definition values as a consequence:<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima">(%i39) define (power_sum (x,y), block ( [sqx,sqy], sqx : x^2, sqy : y^2, sqx + sqy ) )$ (%i40) fundef (power_sum); (%o40) power_sum(x,y):=y^2+x^2 (%i41) power_sum (3,4); (%o41) 25</syntaxhighlight>The function definition of <code>power_sum</code> is different using the <code>define</code> operator instead of the <code>:=</code> operator. The value of the function when referenced with arguments (<code>power_sum (3,4)</code>) is the same in both cases – <code>25</code>. However, in general for defining functions, this may not be the case. The choice between these two operators depends on the intentions of the user. ==== Practical Considerations Related to Function Composition ==== In general, programming is a technical skill as well as a subjective art. So, absolute rules are not offered here. For practical purposes some "guidelines" are offered here that may be useful for Maxima function composition as well as Maxima programming in general: * * * * * Consider the following linear algebraic equation: <math display="block">3y - 7x = 10</math> As an example suppose the value that is sought is the slope <code>m</code> of this equation, and in general, the slope of any linear equation regardless of the form. <syntaxhighlight lang="maxima">/* assign the linear equation to an identifier */ (%i42) lineqn : 3*y - 7*x = 10; (lineqn) 3*y-7*x=10 /* solve the linear equation for y */ (%i43) solve([lineqn], [y]) (%o43) [y=(7*x+10)/3] /* use the index [1] of the list to get the solved equation */ (%i44) solve([lineqn], [y])[1] (%o44) y=(7*x+10)/3 /* use the rhs operator to get right-hand side */ (%i45) rhs(solve([lineqn], [y])[1]); (%o45) (7*x+10)/3 /* use the expand operator change the RHS */ (%i46) expand(rhs(solve([lineqn], [y])[1])); (%o46) (7*x)/3+10/3 /* use the coeff operator to get the coefficient of x */ (%i47) coeff(expand(rhs(solve([lineqn], [y])[1])),x,1); (%o47) 7/3 /* define the function with an argument eqn for lineqn */ (%i48) m (eqn) := coeff (expand (rhs (solve ([eqn], [y])[1])),x,1)$ /* check the function definition */ (%i49) fundef (m); (%o49) m(eqn):=coeff(expand(rhs((solve([eqn],[y]))[1])),x,1) /* reference the function using lineqn as an argument */ (%i50) m (lineqn); (%o50) 7/3 /* assign a different linear equation to lineqn */ (%i51) lineqn : x = 6*y + 13; (lineqn) x=6*y+13 /* reference the function using lineqn as an argument */ %i52) m (lineqn); (%o52) 1/6</syntaxhighlight>The function body of this example will result in an error if it is used with the <code>define</code> operator:<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima"> (%i53) define ( m (eqn), coeff (expand (rhs (solve ([eqn], [y])[1])),x,1) )$ inpart: invalid index 1 of list or matrix. -- an error. To debug this try: debugmode(true); </syntaxhighlight>This error is a consequence of the evaluation that occurs when using the <code>define</code> operator. In this case, this evaluation results in a reference to the indexed value of a list object that does not exist when evaluation occurs during definition – <code>solve ([eqn], [y])[1]</code>. ==== Memoizing Functions ==== The functions discussed so far are often referred to as '''''ordinary functions'''''. The arguments of ordinary functions are enclosed using parentheses – <var><code>(x<sub>1</sub>, x<sub>2,</sub> ..., x<sub>n</sub>)</code>.</var> Function definition forms which include arguments enclosed by brackets (as in <var><code>[x<sub>1</sub>, x<sub>2,</sub> ..., x<sub>n</sub>]</code></var>) are called '''''memoizing functions'''''. Memoizing functions can be categorized both as functions and as data structures – specifically a ''hashed array'' of values. Memoizing functions are also referred to as '''''array functions'''''. In any case, memoizing functions can be defined using either the <code>:=</code> operator or the <code>define</code> operator. If the form of the function definition expression is <code>f [x<sub>1</sub>, x<sub>2</sub>,..., x<sub>n</sub>] := expr</code> The function body <code>expr</code> is evaluated once for each individual value of the arguments, and that value is the value of the function, without again evaluating the function body, whenever referenced using arguments that have those same values. Once evaluated during a function reference with arguments, that value of a memoizing function is thereby "frozen" in other words. This frozen value also becomes an instance of a hashed array data structure that can be referenced by way of the value of the index used as an argument when first evaluated. In keeping with previous practice, the examples provided here are intentionally elementary for the purpose of demonstrating and clarifying the technical aspects involved. There is thereby no intention to convey that the composition of function definition expressions with multiple arguments and complex expressions for the function body is ruled out or of lesser practical value. <syntaxhighlight lang="maxima">/* define a memoizing function f */ /* x and n may serve as both arguments and array indices */ (%i54) f [x, n] := x^n; (%o54) f[x,n]:=x^n /* check the array information for f */ (%i55) arrayinfo (f); (%o55) [hashed,2] /* f does not appear in the list of functions */ (%i56) functions; (%o56) [m(lineqn)] /* reference f with argument values */ (%i57) f [2,3] ; (%o57) 8 /* check the array information for f again */ (%i58) arrayinfo (f); (%o58) [hashed,2,[2,3]] /* list the array values of f */ (%i59) listarray (f); (%o59) [8] /* f does appear in the list of arrays */ (%i60) arrays; (%o60) [f] /* reference f with new argument values */ (%i61) f [5,2]; (%o61) 25 /* check the array information for f again */ (%i62) arrayinfo (f); (%o62) [hashed,2,[2,3],[5,2]] /* list the array values of f */ (%i63) listarray (f); (%o63) [8,25]</syntaxhighlight>An expression of the form <code>define (f [x1, x2</code><code>,…, xn], expr)</code> may also be used to define the same memoizing function <code>f</code> in this case as the evaluation imposed by the <code>define</code> operator during evaluation of these function arguments and this function body that occurs makes no difference:<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima"> /* remove the function definition and values of f */ (%i64) remarray (f); (%o64) [f] /* the list of arrays is now empty */ (%i65) arrays; (%o65) [] /* define the same memoizing function f using the define operator */ /* evaluation makes no difference to the definition of f in this case */ (%i66) define (f [x,n], x^n); (%o66) f[x,n]:=x^n /* reference f with different argument values */ (%i67) f [3, 2]; (%o67) 9 /* reference f again with different argument values */ (%i68) f [2, 5]; (%o68) 32 /* f again appears in the list of arrays */ (%i69) arrays; (%o69) [f] /* check the array information for f */ (%i70) arrayinfo (f); (%o70) [hashed,2,[2,5],[3,2]] /* list the array values of f */ (%i71) listarray (f); (%o71) [32,9] </syntaxhighlight> ===== Special Forms of Memoizing Functions ===== <code>f [x<sub>1</sub>, x<sub>2</sub>,..., x<sub>n</sub>](y<sub>1</sub>, y<sub>2</sub>,..., y<sub>m</sub>):= expr</code> or <code>define (f</code> <code>[x<sub>1</sub>, x<sub>2,</sub> …, x<sub>n</sub>](y<sub>1</sub>, y<sub>2,</sub> …, y<sub>m</sub>), expr)</code> An expression of the form <code>f [x<sub>1</sub>, x<sub>2</sub>,..., x<sub>n</sub>](y<sub>1</sub>, y<sub>2</sub>,..., y<sub>m</sub>):= expr</code>, or alternatively of the form <code>define (f [x1, x2</code><code>,…, xn](y<sub>1</sub>, y<sub>2</sub>,..., y<sub>m</sub>), expr)</code>, may also be used to define a memoizing function named <code>f</code>. When either of these forms are used to compose a function definition expression, there is a sense in which the resulting function is a hybrid – part memoizing function, and part "ordinary" function. These forms create a hashed array of functions where the array subscripts <code>[x<sub>1</sub>, x<sub>2</sub>,..., x<sub>n</sub>]</code> evaluate immediately to "specialize" the function body, while the ordinary function arguments <code>(y<sub>1</sub>, y<sub>2</sub>,..., y<sub>m</sub>)</code> are used when evaluating these individual functions.<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima">/* Define a function for an array of "shifted" power functions */ (%i72) define( p[n](x), x^n + n ); (%o72) p[n](x):=x^n+n (%i73) p[2]; (%o73) lambda([x],x^2+2) (%i74) p[2](5); (%o74) 27 (%i75) p[4]; (%o75) lambda([x],x^4+4) (%i76) p[4](5); (%o76) 629 (%i77) arrayinfo (p); (%o77) [hashed,1,[2],[4]] (%i78) listarray (p) (%o78) [lambda([x],x^2+2),lambda([x],x^4+4)] (%i79) p[5]; (%o79) lambda([x],x^5+5) (%i80) p[5](2); (%o80) 37 (%i81) listarray (p); (%o81) [lambda([x],x^2+2),lambda([x],x^4+4),lambda([x],x^5+5)] (%i82) arrayinfo (p); (%o82) [hashed,1,[2],[4],[5]]</syntaxhighlight>'''Explanation of the code example:''' '''1. Defining the memoizing function:''' The expression composed using the <code>define</code> operator has a value that defines a special form of a memoizing function. The value of this defining expression serves as a "template" for indexed values of a hashed array – <code>p[n]</code>. '''2. The value of array instances:''' Applying the defined function <code>p</code> to an expression enclosed only with brackets for the argument identified as <code>n</code>, returns a value that is a <code>lambda</code> expression, and that is an indexed instance of a hashed array. The identifier <code>n</code> serves as both as an argument of the function body and as an index of the hashed array in this case. <code>lambda</code> expressions are sometimes referred to as ''anonymous'', ''ad hoc'', or ''throw-away''. The technical details of <code>lambda</code> expressions are explained in a following section. '''3. Evaluating the memoizing functions with arguments:''' The argument identified as <code>x</code> in parentheses serves only as part of the composition of the function body of the indexed <code>lambda</code> expressions of the hashed array <code>p</code> when referenced by some expression in parentheses. This form of the composition of a Maxima memoizing function is useful to create an array of unique <code>lambda</code> expressions where the composition of each individual expression depends explicitly on the structural indices of the array that are used. This form in general can be composed using more than one argument for index values enclosed in brackets, as well more than one evaluation argument enclosed in parentheses. The number of each type of argument need not be the same. For example, in a defining expression of the form: <code>f [x<sub>1</sub>, x<sub>2</sub>,..., x<sub>n</sub>](y<sub>1</sub>, y<sub>2</sub>,..., y<sub>m</sub>):= expr</code>, that <math display="inline">n = m</math> is true, is not necessary. The operator <code>:=</code> can also be used to define this type of memoizing function:<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima"> /* index values can be expressions */ (%i83) p [2*x]; (%o83) lambda([x],x^(2*x)+2*x) (%i84) p [2*x](4); (%o84) 65544 /* a memoizing function definition with multiple arguments */ (%i85) p2 [m, n](x, y) := x^n + y^m + (m+n); (%o85) p2[m,n](x,y):=x^n+y^m+(m+n) /* this expression creates the first indexed value of a hashed array identified as p2 */ (%i86) p2 [2, 2]; (%o86) lambda([x,y],y^2+x^2+4) /* this expression has a value of 17 for values of the arguments (2, 3) for the first indexed values of [2, 2] of a hashed array identified as p2 */ (%i87) p2 [2, 2](2,3); (%o87) 17 /* this expression creates the second indexed value of a hashed array identified as p2 */ (%i88) p2 [3, 4]; (%o88) lambda([x,y],y^3+x^4+7) /* this expression has a value of 213 for values of the arguments (3, 5) for the second indexed values of [3, 4] of a hashed array identified as p2 */ (%i89) p2 [3, 4](3, 5); (%o89) 213 (%i90) arrayinfo (p2); (%o90) [hashed,2,[2,2],[3,4]] (%i91) arrayinfo (p); (%o91) [hashed,1,[2],[4],[5],[2*x]] /* another memoizing function definition with multiple arguments and where n is not erqual to m */ (%i92) p3 [i, j](x, y, z) := x^i * y^j * z^j; (%o92) p3[i,j](x,y,z):=x^i*y^j*z^j (%i93) p3 [3,4]; (%o93) lambda([x,y,z],x^3*y^4*z^4) (%i94) p3 [3, 4] (2, 3, 4); (%o94) 165888 (%i95) arrayinfo (p3); (%o95) [hashed,2,[3,4]] (%i96) arrays; (%o96) [p,p2,p3] (%i97) listarray (p3); (%o97) [lambda([x,y,z],x^3*y^4*z^4)] </syntaxhighlight> ===== More Special Forms of Memoizing Functions Using the <code>define</code> Operator ===== <code>define (funmake (f, [x<sub>1</sub>, x<sub>2,</sub>…, x<sub>n</sub>]), expr)</code> or <code>define (arraymake (f, [x<sub>1</sub>, x<sub>2,</sub>…, x<sub>n</sub>]), expr)</code> or <code>define (ev (expr<sub>1</sub>, expr<sub>2</sub>))</code> ==== Lambda Expressions ==== ==== Macros – <code>::=</code> and <code>buildq</code> Operators ==== In the Maxima Computer Algebra System (CAS), a '''''macro''''' is a special type of function that manipulates the structure of an expression before it is evaluated. The Maxima Manual describes ''macros''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Maxima Manual - Operator ::= |url=https://maxima.sourceforge.io/docs/manual/Operators.html#index-_003a_003a_003d |url-status=live}}</ref> as follows: ''"Macro function definition operator.'' <code>::=</code> ''defines a function (called a "macro" for historical reasons) which quotes its arguments, and the expression which it returns (called the "macro expansion") is evaluated in the context from which the macro was called. A macro function is otherwise the same as an ordinary function."'' {| class="wikitable" |+Macro Operators and Identifiers |<code>::=</code> |<code>macroexpand</code> |<code>macros</code> |<code>splice</code> |- |<code>fundef</code> | <code>dispfun</code> | <code>buildq</code> | |- |<code>remfunction</code> |<code>kill</code> |<code>remove</code> | |}While ordinary Maxima functions evaluate their arguments immediately when referenced, a ''macro'' quotes its arguments. It treats those arguments as raw, not evaluated expressions blocks, ''transforms'' them mathematically or syntactically, and then <code>evaluates</code> the newly generated code. Because Maxima is written in and inherits the semantics of Common Lisp, its macro system acts similarly to Lisp macros, functioning essentially as a programmable compiler extension. Key Mechanics of a Maxima Macro * '''Definition Operator (<code>::</code>=):''' You define a macro using the <code>::=</code> operator instead of the ordinary function definition operator (<code>:=</code>). * '''The Global <code>macros</code> List:''' Every time you create a macro, Maxima automatically tracks it by appending it to a global information list called <code>macros</code>. * '''Macro Expansion:''' When a macro is invoked, Maxima executes a process called ''expansion''. The macro code runs to generate a new Maxima expression, and then Maxima evaluates that final output expression. ====== Some Reasons to Use a Macro Instead of a Function: ====== Ordinary functions cannot control how or when arguments are evaluated. Macros are a good choice for: # '''Evaluation Control:''' Preventing an expression from being evaluated until specific conditional statements are checked. # '''Meta-programming:''' Writing clean, shorthand code that automatically generates longer, repetitive mathematical boilerplate expressions "under the hood" so to speak. # '''Context Manipulation:''' Altering identifiers inside the environment where referenced rather than within a closed, localized function scope. ====== Example: Function vs. Macro ====== <syntaxhighlight lang="maxima"> (%i98) a_function (expr) := print( "The expression is: ", expr)$ (%i99) x:5; (x) 5 /* An ordinary function evaluates arguments when referenced */ (%i9) a_function (x + 2)$ The expression is: 7 /* This has the same value as the above */ (%i18) a_function (expr : x + 2)$ The expression is: 7 /* A macro quotes its arguments and controls execution */ (%i2) a_macro (expr) ::= buildq ([expr], print ("The expression is: ", 'expr))$ (%i11) a_macro (x + 2); The expression is: x+2 (%o22) x+2 (%i12) a_macro (expr : x + 2); The expression is: expr:x+2 (%o12) expr:x+2 (%i6) a_macro (expr : 2); The expression is: expr:2 (%o6) expr:2 (%i13) macros; (%o13) [a_macro(expr)] </syntaxhighlight>To understand the difference, consider how differently a function and a macro handle a identifier named <code>x</code>: * If you call a<code>_function(x + 2)</code> when x has been previously assigned a value of <code>5</code>, the function immediately receives <code>7</code> as its input. * If you call a<code>_macro(x + 2)</code>, the macro captures the exact symbolic structure <code>x + 2</code> without evaluating it first, allowing you to manipulate the literal algebraic format. Code templates like <code>buildq</code> are frequently used inside macros to construct these new mathematical structures cleanly. ====== Two Other Simple Examples ====== Simple macros are typically used to create shorthand syntax, control evaluation, or mimic standard programming constructs like in-place modification. '''Example''' '''1: In-place Increment''' In Maxima, there is no built-in <code>x++</code> or <code>x : x + 1</code> when x is referenced as an argument of an ordinary function. Using a macro, an identifier can be referenced as an argument without evaluating it, modify it, and then reassign it.<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima">/* macro definition expression */ (%i30) incm (var) ::= buildq ([var], var : var + 1); (%o30) incm(var)::=buildq([var],var:var+1) /* Usage */ (%i33) x : 10; (x) 10 (%i34) incm (x); (%o34) 11 /* x is now 11 */ (%i42) x; (%o42) 11</syntaxhighlight>An ordinary function would evaluate <code>x</code> to <code>10</code> immediately, passing the number <code>10</code> to the function. An ordinary function cannot assign a new value to the raw identifier <code>x</code>.<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima"> /* function definition expression */ (%i40) incf(var) := buildq([var], var : var + 1); (%o40) incf(var):=buildq([var],var:var+1) (%i41) incf (x); (%o41) 11:12 /* x is still 11 */ (%i43) x; (%o43) 11 </syntaxhighlight>'''Example 2: Unless Conditional''' <code>(unless_then)</code> A macro for a custom control flow that evaluates a body of expressions only if a condition is <code>false</code>.<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima"> /* definition expression for the macro */ (%i48) unless_then(cond, body) ::= buildq([cond, body], if not cond then body)$ /* usage */ (%i45) is_raining : false; (is_raining) false (%i47) unless_then(is_raining, print("Let's go for a walk!"))$ Let's go for a walk! </syntaxhighlight> ====== Some Complex Macro Examples ====== Complex macros often use <code>buildq</code> (build quotation) alongside loop structures to dynamically generate heavily nested code, unroll repetitive operations, or create entirely new domain-specific syntax. '''Example 1: Parallel Assignment''' <code>(psetq)</code> This macro mimics Lisp's parallel assignment. It takes a list of variables and a list of values, evaluating all values first before assigning them to prevent variables from overwriting each other mid-process (useful for swapping variables).<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima"> --> psetq ([args]) ::= block ( [len, vars, vals, gensyms, assignments, final_assigns], len : length (args), if oddp (len) then error ("psetq requires an even number of arguments"), /* Separate variables and expressions */ vars : makelist (args[i], i, 1, len, 2), vals : makelist (args[i], i, 2, len, 2), /* Create unique temporary identifiers to hold the evaluated values safely */ gensyms : makelist (gensym (), i, 1, length (vars)), /* 1. Evaluate expressions into temporary identifiers */ assignments : makelist (buildq ([g: gensyms[i], v: vals[i]], g: v), i, 1, length (vars)), /* 2. Assign temporary identifiers back to target identifiers */ final_assigns : makelist (buildq([v : vars[i], g : gensyms[i]], v : g), i, 1, length (vars)), /* Return a block containing both steps sequentially */ buildq ([assignments, final_assigns], block (splice (assignments), splice (final_assigns))) )$ (%i53) x : 5$ (%i54) y : 10$ (%i56) psetq(x, y, y, x)$ (%i58) print("x =", x, "y =", y)$ "x ="5"y ="10 </syntaxhighlight>Key Concept: <code>splice</code> is used here inside <code>buildq</code> to unpack the list of generated assignment expressions directly into the <code>block(...)</code> structure so it executes as raw, flat sequential code. '''Example 2: Memoized Timing Wrapper''' <code>(time_and_cache)</code> This macro wraps an expensive mathematical calculation. It checks if a global cache has the result; if not, it prints a timing message, computes it, saves it to a hashed array, and returns the value.<syntaxhighlight lang="maxima"> (%i63) time_and_cache (cache_name, key, expr) ::= buildq ( [cache_name, key, expr], block ( [cached_val], cached_val : cache_name[key], if cached_val # false then ( print("Cache Hit!"), cached_val ) else ( print ("Cache Miss. Computing..."), block ( [start_t, result], start_t : absolute_real_time(), result : expr, print("Elapsed time:", absolute_real_time() - start_t, "seconds"), cache_name[key] : result, result ) ) ) )$ (%i64) time_and_cache (my_cache, "heavy_sum", sum (k^2, k, 1, 100000)); Cache Miss. Computing... Elapsed time:"0"seconds (%o64) 333338333350000 (%i65) time_and_cache (my_cache, "heavy_sum", sum (k^2, k, 1, 100000)); Cache Hit! (%o65) 333338333350000 </syntaxhighlight>'''Core Macro Utilities to Remember:''' When moving from simple to complex macros in Maxima, you will heavily rely on these three tools: 1. <code>buildq([substitutions], expression)</code>: Safely injects variables into a quoted expression template. 2. <code>splice(list)</code>: Flattens a list within a <code>buildq</code> template, removing the outer list bracket tags. 3. <code>gensym()</code>: Generates a completely unique variable name (e.g., g1234) to prevent macro internal variables from accidentally clashing with variables in the user's main program (hygiene). ==== Some Techniques for Function Composition ==== === Conditional Expressions – Special Operator <code>if</code> === === Expressions for Iteration – Special Operator <code>do</code> === The special operator <code>do</code> is used to compose expressions for iteration. It is typically used with the following other special operators: * <code>while</code> * <code>unless</code> * <code>for</code> * <code>from</code> * <code>thru</code> * <code>step</code> * <code>next</code> * <code>in</code> The general forms of <code>do</code> expressions Maxima supports are: <code>for</code> variable: initial_value <code>step</code> increment <code>thru</code> limit <code>do</code> body <code>for</code> variable: initial_value <code>step</code> increment <code>while</code> condition <code>do</code> body <code>for</code> variable: initial_value <code>step</code> increment <code>unless</code> condition <code>do</code> body <code>for</code> variable <code>in</code> list <code>do</code> body <code>for</code> variable <code>in</code> expr <code>do</code> body <code>for</code> variable <code>in</code> hash_table <code>do</code> body === Lisp and Maxima === {{BookCat}} rn6dulwhwb4v1gy5dwlqjuoetbln907 User:Taitesena/Unofficial History of Nanzhao 2 485577 4679426 4679219 2026-11-01T09:40:42Z Taitesena 3485636 /* Achang《阿昌》 */ 4679426 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOTOC__ {{incomplete translation}} {{Translation header | title = Unofficial History of Nanzhao (南诏野史) | author = Yang Shen (杨慎) | override_editor = | translator = 'Taitesena' | section = | previous = | next = | shortcut = | year = | language = zh | original = | notes = }} == Front Matter == # [[Unofficial History of Nanzhao/Translator's Note|Translator's Note]] # [[Unofficial History of Nanzhao/Influences|Historical Context]] ==Translation== ===Introduction=== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:80%;" |+ Authorship |- ! scope="col" | Original ! scope="col" | Translation |- |增订南诏野史上卷 明 四川新都杨愼升庵编辑 | |- |} ===The Title of Nanzhao 《南诏之称=== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:80%;" |+ The Title of Nanzhao 《南诏之称》 |- ! scope="col" | Original ! scope="col" | Translation |- |蛮夷称王曰诏。先时滇有六诏,各据其地。六诏中蒙舍诏最强,后并吞五诏,故独称南诏。 | |- |六诏考六诏之地,东西四千里,南北二千九百里 | |- |蒙舍诏蒙细奴逻立国,居蒙舍川,地在永昌、姚州之间,处五诏之南。后奴逻曾孙皮逻阁并吞五诏,独称南诏。今蒙化厅是邆赕诏丰咩立国,居邓川。今大理府邓川州是施浪诏施望欠立国。居{{浪穹弥茨河蒙次和山,今大理府浪穹县是浪穹诏丰时立国,居浪穹。后其孙铎罗望迁剑川,改称剑浪诏。今丽江府属剑川州地是越析诏波冲立国。亦称摩诏。又号花马国。居嶲州。今丽江府是后,其兄之子于赠渡泸,邑于龙佉河蒙嶲诏嶲辅立国。居越嶲,今四川宁远府,越嶲厅是 | |- |} ===The Territorial Divisions of Nanzhao 《南诏分野》=== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:80%;" |+ The Territorial Divisions of Nanzhao 《南诏分野》 |- ! scope="col" | Original ! scope="col" | Translation |- |在天井鬼入参一度,汉书。次鹑首末位晋书。丽中台上位北斗开阳一星。宋书。在地乃梁州裔土,蜀之苑囿。河图纬。 | |- |} ===The Names by which Nanzhao was known throughout History 《南诏历代称名不同 》=== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:80%;" |+ The Names by which Nanzhao was known throughout History 《南诏历代称名不同 》 |- ! scope="col" | Original ! scope="col" | Translation |- |周鄯阐国、白崖国、昆弥国。战国时滇国,汉西南夷、益州、白子国。后汉建宁国。晋、宋、齐、梁、陈,宁州。隋昆州。唐初,南宁、六诏,唐文宗太和间,名鄯阐府。宋仍名南诏。元名中庆。明名云南省。 | |- | 国朝因之。按:汉武帝元狩元年,彩云见南中,在今大理府赵州之白崖。云南之名始此。唐元宗间问蒙舍诏盛逻皮之相张建一作俭成住何处?曰:「南边云下。」因命为云南。又元宗见祥云起,名祥州。今大理府之云南县也。 | |- |} === General Outline of Successive Nanzhao Rulers' Territorial Control《南诏历代据土总纲》=== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:80%;" |+ General Outline of Successive Nanzhao Rulers' Territorial Control《南诏历代据土总纲》 |- ! scope="col" | Original ! scope="col" | Translation |- |鄯阐国蒙苴颂,昆弥国庄蹻、仁果、龙佑那据于周、秦、汉迄六朝。细奴逻据于唐。郑买嗣、赵善政、杨于贞、段思平、高升泰曁正湻,相继据于唐末迄 南宋。凡历有九姓,而雍闓、孟获不与焉。段氏与南宋理宗壬子湻佑十三年为蒙古所灭,而段实于理宗景定二年袭总管,传十二世,明太祖壬戌洪武十五年平云南,擒段世,并段段明之二子苴仁、苴义。赐苴仁官雁门卫镇抚,苴义官武昌卫镇抚,段氏之世土方绝,而又别封其族人段保为大理府云龙州土知州。国朝尚有袭土职者。 | |- |} === Titles and Official System of Nanzhao《南诏称谓官制》=== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:80%;" |+ Titles and Official System of Nanzhao《南诏称谓官制》 |- ! scope="col" | Original ! scope="col" | Translation |- |南诏称帝曰骠信,王曰诏,自称曰元,称后曰信么,亦曰九么,妃曰进武,兄曰容,弟曰钟,下曰昶。其设官则有把国事八人,曰坦绰,曰布燮,曰九赞,谓之清平官。曰酋望,曰正酋望,曰员外酋望,曰大(将军)〔军将〕,曰员外。又设九爽之名,爽,省也。功爽主官人,宗爽主户籍,万爽主财用,慈爽主礼,引爽主宾客,幕爽主兵,罚爽主刑,厥爽主工作,禾爽主商贾,皆清平官、酋望、大军将兼之。以清平官子弟为羽仪长八人,清平官见王不得佩剑,惟羽仪长佩之。又有六曹长二人,曹长有功升大军将,凡十二人。又立三托:巨托主仓廪,气托主马,禄托主牛。大府主将曰演习,副曰演览;中府主将曰缮裔,副曰缮览;下府主将曰澹酋,副曰澹览;小府王将日幕撝,副曰幕览。每府有陀酋,陀酋卽掌书记判官之类。外有八节度使:日弄栋节度使,今楚雄府姚州。曰银生节度使,今景东厅及鎭沅州地是。曰永昌节度使,今永昌府是。曰丽水节度使,今丽江府是。曰剑川节度使,今丽江府剑川州是。曰东川节度使,今东川府府是。曰通海节度使,今临安府通海县是。曰拓东节度使。今云南府昆阳州北平定乡,蒙氏子凤伽异曾筑城于此地。又有二都督:曰会川都督,今四川宁远府会理州地是。曰通海都督。又设十睑,蛮语谓州为睑。苴音斜。羊睑,又名羊睑,卽今大理府太和县。赵州睑,今大理府赵州。白崖睑,又名勃弄睑,今赵州之白崖。,云南睑,今大理府云南县。蒙舍睑,今蒙化厅。大厘睑,又名史睑,今太和县喜州。邆川睑,今大理府邓川州。品澹睑,蒙秦睑,矣和睑。三睑未详其地。○蔚按:别本十睑中苴羊睑、赵州睑、白崖睑而下,作义督睑,今剑川州;威远睑,今普洱府威远厅南;河东睑,末详其地;越睑,今永昌府腾越州;北方睑,又名成偈睑,今永北厅;楼头睑,今四川叙永厅,属永宁县;路睑,今楚雄府广通县;与云南睑以下七睑异。○按:又考此七睑中,其越睑、北方睑、楼头睑、路睑凡四睑,见于『汉地里志』及『唐书?南蛮传』中,睑并作赕,音闪,字旣不同,音又各异,似非列于十睑之数。凡人丁壮者皆为战卒。王之亲兵曰朱弩佉苴,音蛆。按:元微之白乐天乐府皆作佉嗟,未审孰是。佉苴,韦带也。每兵百人置罗苴子统一人,戴朱鞮鍪,负犀革铜盾而跣足。自大军将以至曹长,皆系金佉苴尚绛紫,有功加锦,又有功加金波罗。卽虎皮。民兵号白衣,凡民兵出以望苴蛮为先驱。 | |- |} ===Thirty-Seven Barbarian Clans of Nanzhao《南诏三十七蛮部》=== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:80%;" |+ Thirty-Seven Barbarian Clans of Nanzhao《南诏三十七蛮部》 |- ! scope="col" | Original ! scope="col" | Translation |- |因远部。威远睑治,其地总名和泥,今元江府是。休腊部。今临安府河西县。嶍峨部。今临安府嶍峨县。屈中部。今临安府阿迷州。溪处甸部、伴溪落恐部。今倶为长官司,属临安府。铁容甸部。今为亏容长官司。官桂思陀部。今为思陀甸长官司,皆属临安府。王弄部、强现三部。今属开化府。师宗部。今广西州师安县。弥勒部。今广西州弥勒县。吉输部、袖恶部。倶在弥勒县地。维摩部。卽广西府维摩州。州裁,今属广西州地。罗雄部。今曲靖府罗平州。纳垢州。今曲靖府马龙州。落温部。今曲靖府陆凉州。磨弥部。今曲靖府沾益州。仁德部。今曲靖府寻甸州。夜苴部卽曲靖府亦佐县,县裁,今归罗平州。强宗部。卽澄江府阳宗县,县裁,今归河阳县。步雄部。今澄江府江川县。罗伽部。卽步雄部分地。休制部。今澄江府新兴州。落蒙州。今澄江府路南州。弥沙部、邑市部。皆落蒙部子孙分治之。阳城堡部。今云南府晋宁州。罗部。今云南府罗次县。乾矢部、罗婺部。倶在武定府曲州,州裁,今属武定州。华竹部。今武定州元谋县。洪农碌券部。今武定州禄劝县。掌鸠法块部在禄劝县城东五里。○以上三十五部在迤东地。白鹿部。今楚雄府。谋统部。今丽江府鹤庆州。○以上二部在迤西地。 | |- |} ==Nanzhao through the Generations《南诏历代》== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:80%;" |+ Nanzhao through the Generations《南诏历代》 |- ! scope="col" | Original ! scope="col" | Translation |- |白古记:西天天竺摩竭国阿育王骠苴音斜。低娶欠蒙亏为妻,生低蒙苴。苴生九子,长子蒙苴,附罗十六国之祖;次子蒙苴廉,吐蕃之祖;三子蒙苴诺,汉人之祖;四子蒙苴酬,东蛮之祖;五子蒙苴笃,生十二子,七圣五贤,蒙氏之祖;六子蒙苴托,狮子国之祖;七子蒙苴林,交趾国之祖;八子蒙苴颂,白子国仁果之祖;九子蒙苴閦初六切。白夷之祖。○『哀牢今永昌府。夷传』:哀牢蛮蒙伽独捕鱼易罗池在永昌府城南。溺死。其妻沙壹一作壶。往哭之水边,触一浮木,有感而妊,产十子。后携子至池上,木化为龙,人言曰:「我子安在?」九子惊走,独季子背龙而坐,龙舐其背。蛮语谓背为九,坐为隆,故名之曰九隆氏。哀牢山一名天井山,在永昌府。下有妇名奴波息,生十女,九隆弟兄娶之,立为十姓:董、洪、段、施、何、王、张、杨、李、赵,皆刻画其身象龙文,于衣后著尾。子孙繁衍,居九龙山山在永昌府城南。溪谷间,分九十九部,而南诏出焉。 | |- |} ===Shanchan Guo《鄯阐国》=== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:80%;" |+ Shanchan Guo《鄯阐国》 |- ! scope="col" | Original ! scope="col" | Translation |- |周时立国,年代久远,其姓名世次莫考。 | |- |} ===Baiya Guo《白崖国》=== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:80%;" |+ Baiya Guo《白崖国》 |- ! scope="col" | Original ! scope="col" | Translation |- |西天天竺摩竭国阿育王低蒙苴第八子,蒙苴颂居白崖,因地名,号白崖国,传世莫考。后昆弥氏继之,号昆弥国。 | |- |昆弥国一名拜国。 | |- |昆弥氏,传世姓名莫考。战国时,楚将庄蹻据滇,并有其地,号滇国。 | |- |} ===Dian Guo《滇国》=== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:80%;" |+ Dian Guo《滇国》 |- ! scope="col" | Original ! scope="col" | Translation |- |战国时,楚顷襄王命将庄蹻范蔚宗后汉书作庄豪。将兵循江上,略巴、蜀、黔中以西,蹻至以兵威畧定滇地属楚。欲归报,会秦司马错攻楚,黔中道塞。蹻遂以其众王滇,号滇国,踞之。后有王常羌者好佛,国势不振。法令不行,国人遂推白崖国蒙苴颂之后,白饭王之裔仁果为王,治白崖,于是两国角立。后仁果奉汉,封为白子国。 | |- |} ===Baizi Guo《白子国》=== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:80%;" |+ Baizi Guo《白子国》 |- ! scope="col" | Original ! scope="col" | Translation |- |汉武帝通西南夷,遣使至滇,求身毒国。滇王常羌问使者曰:「汉孰与我大?」使者还报,武帝怒其言不逊。时白崖国蒙苴颂之后,天竺国白饭王之裔仁果者,为众所推立于白崖。武帝乃册封仁果为王,号白子国。后迁于澄江,今澄江府。迨龙佑那继之,号建宁国。○又一说:白子国之先,有阿育国,王能乘云,上天娶天女,生三子,长季二子封于金马、碧鸡,独封仲子于苍洱之间,崇奉佛敎,不茹晕,日食白饭,人因称为白饭王。迨后有仁果者,汉封为滇王,号白子国。又十五世至龙佑那,后汉诸葛武侯南征,次白崖,以佑那为酋长,赐姓张氏,仍统其民,号建宁国。 | |- |} ===Jianning Guo《建宁国》=== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:80%;" |+ Jianning Guo《建宁国》 |- ! scope="col" | Original ! scope="col" | Translation |- |后汉后皇帝乙巳建兴三年,益州耆帅雍闓,假鬼术杀建宁太守王昂,归东吴,吴王孙权以闓为永昌守。后汉诸葛武侯南征,至白崖,杀雍闓,擒孟获,乃封白子国王仁果十五世孙龙佑那为酋长,赐姓张氏,于白崖筑建宁城,蔚按建宁城废址在今大理府赵州之弥渡。号建宁国,立铁柱蔚按:今弥渡有铁柱宫,铁柱尚存。先为建宁国王张乐进求甫铸,后南诏蒙世隆复重铸,名曰天尊柱,高八尺。并『南中纪功碑』,铭其背曰:「万岁之后胜我者过此」。迨至隋时,行军总管太平公史万岁征南宁夷爨玩,西破三十馀部,至此,见其碑铭,命左右踣之。其碑跌,中复有志曰:「史万岁不应踣吾碑」。万岁惊异,复树碑,祭拜而去。后张龙佑那仍迁国澄江,传三十二世至十七世孙张乐进求,唐太宗己酉贞观二十三年封为首领大将军。后见蒙舍川蒙细奴罗有奇相,遂妻以女,逊国与之。奴罗自称奇嘉王,建号大蒙国,又称南诏。 | |- |} ==Nanzhao《南诏国》== ===13 Generations of Nanzhao 《南诏大蒙国传十三世》 === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:80%;" |+ 13 Generations of Nanzhao 《南诏大蒙国传十三世》 |- ! scope="col" | Original ! scope="col" | Translation |- |细奴一作农。逻一作罗。 伪谥高祖奇嘉王 | |- |细奴逻,又名独罗消,西天天竺摩竭国阿育王低蒙苴第五子蒙苴笃之三十六世孙。生有奇相。唐太宗贞观初,其父舍龙尨,又名龙伽独,将奴逻自哀牢避难至蒙舍川,耕于巍山。今蒙化厅之巍宝山。一日,有老僧,美髯,冠赤莲冠,披袈裟,持钵至奴逻家乞食。时奴逻与子逻盛炎方耕巍山之下,其姑与妇将往饁。见僧乞食,遂食之。再炊往饁,僧坐不去。姑妇持饷中道,僧已在彼,复乞食,姑妇又食之。返而复炊,持饁至巍山,则见僧坐盘石上,前有靑牛,左白象,右白马,上覆云气。云中二童子,一执铁杖于左,一执方金镜于右。姑妇惊喜,复以所饷供之。僧问何所愿?姑妇不知对。僧曰:「奕叶相承」。及趣奴逻等至,则但见一人持钵,坐五色云中,而盘石上惟馀衣痕及牛象马之迹耳。奴逻素有祥异,会唐封首领大将军建宁国王张乐进求,以诸葛武侯所立白崖铁柱,岁久剥蚀重铸之。因社会祭柱,柱顶故有金镂鸟,忽能飞,集奴逻左肩,相诫勿动,八日乃去。众骇异,谓天意有属。进求遂妻以女,举国逊之。于唐太宗己酉,贞观二十三年卽位,年三十二岁,建号大蒙国,称奇嘉王,据南诏。高宗庚戌永徽元年,建都蒙舍川,于巃{山+于}山在今蒙化厅西北三十五里。筑巃山+于城。永徽癸丑四年,遣逻盛炎入朝唐,诏授奴逻为巍州今蒙化厅刺史,赐以锦袍。大勃弄今大理府赵州白崖。酋杨承顚寇麻州,在今曲靖府马龙州城北里许。唐命郞州唐贞观初,分牂牁郡北界置郞州,后改名播州,卽今贵州遵义府。又有郞州,在今云南县地。道行军总管赵孝祖讨之。孝祖先入小勃弄,今云南县地。酋长没盛迎战,孝祖斩之。进至大勃弄,攻其城,破之,擒杨承顚,改云南县为匡州,领勃弄、匡州二县。高宗显庆二年,凤鸣于浪穹罗浮山,乃改名为凤羽山,在大理府浪穹县西南三十里,又名鸟吊山。见『水经注』。封十二圣贤为十二山神。时澄江人波罗旁有经济才,用为文臣;郭郡矣素以勇略闻,用为武臣。又有杨波远者,相传为东汉时人,常骑三角靑牛,号神明大士,能知盐泉,滇中盐泉多为波远所开创。奴逻在位,遵唐正朔。高宗甲戌上元元年,奴逻卒,在位二十六年,子逻盛炎立。 | |- |逻盛炎又名逻晟。伪谥世宗兴宗王。 | |- | 逻盛炎。唐高宗甲戌上元元年卽位,年四十岁,以张建成为相。明年,盛炎临朝,元宗壬子先天元年,姚州蛮叛归吐蕃。唐命御史李知古讨之,筑城立州县。知古诛豪杰,掠子女,蛮怨,引土蕃,攻杀知古,于姚嶲路绝,而盛炎独奉唐正朔。是年,盛炎卒,在位三十九年,子盛逻皮立。 | |- |} ===Shengluopi《盛逻皮石刻作诚乐魁 封台登郡王 伪谥太宗威成王 》=== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:80%;" |+ Shengluopi《盛逻皮石刻作诚乐魁 封台登郡王 伪谥太宗威成王 》 |- ! scope="col" | Original ! scope="col" | Translation |- |盛逻皮,唐元宗壬子先天元年卽位,年四十岁。明年为元宗癸丑开元元年,唐授逻皮为特进,封台登郡王今四川宁远府冕宁县地。设官征商税。开元二年,遣张建成入朝于唐。立土主庙。开元九年,皮叛唐。开元十四年,立庙祀晋右将军王羲之为圣人。元宗戊辰开元十六年,逻皮卒,在位十六年,子皮逻阁立。 | |- |皮逻一作罗阁石刻作归义王魁乐觉封云南王。 | |- |皮逻阁,唐元宗戊辰开元十六年卽位,年三十一岁。开元十八年,灭五诏,自称南诏王。先是,蒙氏恐三十七蛮部不服,选亲族为五诏。未几五诏抗命,逻阁遂赂剑南节度使王昱,求合六诏为一。昱奏于朝,许之。逻阁乃豫建松明大楼,祀祖于上。使人谕五诏曰:「六月二十四日乃星回节蔚按『大理郡志』汉元封间,叶楡妇阿南者为酋长,曼阿娜之妻。娜为汉将郭世忠所杀,欲妻南。南曰:能从三事,当许汝一作幕次祭故夫;一焚故夫衣,易君新衣;一令国人皆知我以礼嫁。忠如其言。明日,聚国人张松幕祭其夫。下置火,南藏刃出,俟火炽焚夫衣,卽引刀刃自断其颈,仆火中,时六月二十五日也。国人哀之,故岁以是日燃炬吊之,名为星回节云。是又当为二十五日。当祭祖,不赴者罪。」四诏听命。惟越析诏波冲之兄子于赠,远不赴会,而邆赕诏丰哶孙{辵+皮}逻邆之妻慈善者,止逻邆勿赴。邆不听。慈善不得已,以铁钏穿于邆臂而行。二十四日,逻邆及施浪诏施望欠弟施望千、浪穹诏丰时孙锋罗望、蒙嶲诏嶲辅子罗原皆至逻阁所。逻阁偕登楼祭祖,祭后享胙食生饮酒,迨晚,四诏尽醉。逻阁独下楼,焚钱遽纵火,火发,兵围之,四诏皆焚死。逻阁遣使至四诏所,报焚钱失火,四诏被焚,状令各诏收骨。四诏妻至,莫辨其骨。独慈善因铁钏得焉,携归葬之。逻阁旣灭四诏,取各诏宫人,念慈善慧而甚美,遣兵围其城,迫取之。慈善曰:「吾岂忘夫事仇者?」闭城坚守,半月城中食尽,慈善度不能支,卽自杀,时七月二十三日也。逻阁嘉其节,乃封赠为宁北妃,并旌其城曰德源城。城废址在今大理府邓川州城东北二里许。开元戊寅二十六年,逻阁破吐蕃及弥蛮,入朝,元宗礼之,加封为特进,云南王,越国公,开府仪同三司,赐名归义,并锦袍金钿带七事。王归国,以兵逐洱河蛮,筑太和城,今大理府城南十五里太和村地是。又筑大厘城今大理府城北四十里喜州是。守之,尽有云南之地。唐授王子阁逻凤右领军卫大将军兼阳瓜州刺史。开元二十七年,明矫叛,破剑川、浪穹、永昌。开元二十八年,王讨朋矫,平之。开元辛已二十九年,王自蒙舍川迁居太和城,立龙首、卽今上关。龙尾卽今下关。二关。唐加阁逻凤为左领军卫大将军。元宗癸未天宝二年,筑羊苴哶城于太和城之北。卽今大理府城。唐迁阁逻凤为左金吾卫大将军,寻拜特进都知兵马大将军。天宝甲申三载,西方进狮子皮。唐加阁逻凤为上柱国。天宝乙酉四载十月,城永昌。天宝丙戌五载,王遣孙凤伽异入唐,唐授伽异为鸿胪少卿,妻以宗室女,赐龟兹乐一部,元宗戊子天宝七载,王卒,在位二十年,子阁逻凤立。 | |- |阁罗凤一作觉乐凤。按:『德化碑』云:「家居阁罗凤」,则是取地名以为名也。袭封云南王,伪谥神武王。始建元。 | |- | 阁罗凤,唐元宗天宝戊子七载卽位,年三十六岁。唐遣中使黎敬义持节册凤袭封云南王,敕置阳瓜州于蒙舍川,加授 凤伽异为上卿兼阳瓜州刺史,都知兵马大将军。天宝庚寅九载,王率妻子往谒都督李宓,过云南,太守张虔陀私之,又多徵求。王表虔陀之罪,中官贾奇俊抑之,不得达。王复遣将军杨罗顚等连表控告。元宗仍不省。凤怒,遣大将军王毗双、罗时等发兵攻虔陀。虔陀饮鸩死;遂取姚州,并夷州三十二。获唐嶲州西泸令郑回以归,爱其才,用为清平官。天宝辛卯十载,唐命剑南节度使鲜于仲通将兵八万征云南。凤赴泸南在楚雄府姚州之城北一百五十里。谢罪,愿还所俘掠,请罢兵。仲通不许,分三道而进。仲通自南溪路,大将李晖自会同路,都督王知进自步头路。今临安府地。凤就安宁,再伸衷悃。仲通不听,兵至曲州、靖州。二州今为曲靖府地。凤复遣首领杨子芬、参军江如之赍状,言若不罢兵,卽当归吐蕃,恐云南非唐有。仲通终不许,囚其使,进薄白崖城。别遣大将王天运统师绕出点苍山后。凤遣 凤伽异及大军将段俭魏迎山后师,自逆战于西洱河。唐兵大败,死者六万人,王天运战殁,仲通仅以身免。凤乃叛唐,建元长寿。遣弟阁陂和尚及子铎传、酋望赵佺邓、杨传磨侔等,并子弟六十人献凯吐蕃。陂有神术,人马往来吐蕃,不过朝夕之顷。天宝十一载正月一日,遣宰相倚祥叶乐持金冠、锦袍、金宝带、金帐状、安扛伞鞍、银兽器皿、珂贝、珠毯、衣服、駞马、牛鞻等物至邓川,以凤为兄弟之国,册为赞普钟南国大诏,给金印,称东帝。并授凤伽异大瑟瑟告身,都知兵马大将。凤遂改是年为赞普钟元年。发人口百户于浪穹,筑白崖睑城,又遣兵攻掠安宁。天宝甲午十三载六月,唐命前云南郡都督兼侍御史剑南留后李宓、广府节度使何履光等,率十道兵再征云南。兵逼邓川,凤遣凤伽异、段俭魏迎战于江口。时神川都知兵马使论绮里徐救兵已至巴蹻山,遂诱宓深入,内外夹击。宓粮尽,士卒饥疲,引还。凤以精兵追战,唐全军覆没,李宓被执,沉江死,何履光遁去。凤因进取嶲州会同郡,据清溪关,以破越析。此二役也,皆凤弟阁陂和尚及凤妃白氏行妖术,展帕拍手而笑,韩陀僧用钵法,以故唐兵再败。时唐先后丧师已二十馀万,凤乃敛战胔,筑京观于龙尾关河尾,名万人冢,立碑大书「唐天宝战亡士卒之墓」。而唐宰相杨国忠更揜败以捷闻,叙战功。令清平官郑回撰『德化碑』,唐流寓御史杜光庭书。立石太和国门外,明其不得已叛唐归吐蕃之故。天宝乙未十四载冬十一月,东平郡王安禄山反于范阳,凤乘机以兵取蜀卭州,筑卭子城,及丽水金宝城。升段俭魏为清平官,赐名忠国,旋拜相国。代宗甲辰广德二年,羊苴哶城成,凤名之曰大理城,又名紫城。代宗乙巳永泰元年凤伽异筑云南城卽今云南府省城。又筑拓东城,今云南府昆阳州北平定乡。遂以兵攻陷曲靖。代宗丁已大历十二年,永昌牛生三角,羊生四角,鸡九足,井有光。建观音寺于白崖。先是,逻盛炎时,相国张建成欲于白崖建寺,卜之吉。又地下有三戳观音,上截在西,中截在东,下截在东南。因盛炎旋卒,不果建。至是建寺,掘之果然。代宗戊午大历十三年,阁罗凤卒,在位三十年。因子凤伽异先死,后追谥悼惠王。孙异牟寻立。 | |- |异牟寻改国号曰大理国。封云南王,又封南诏王 伪赠廪孝桓王 | |- |异牟寻,唐代宗戊午大历十三年卽位,年二十四岁。明年改元见龙,又改上元,率兵三万取蜀为东府,又连土番入寇。唐命神策都将李晟击破之。师还,自称南诏王。德宗甲子兴元元年,牟寻迁居史城,卽大厘城。改号大理国,自称日东王。封岳读,以叶楡今大理府。点苍山为中岳,乌蛮今东川府。乌龙山一名绛云弄山,在今禄劝县东北三百里。为东岳,银生府今景东厅。蒙乐山一名无量山,在厅北九十里。为南岳,又封南安州今楚雄府属。神石亦为南岳,越赕今永昌府腾越州。高黎贡山一名昆仑隅,在腾越、潞江之间。为西岳,嶲州今丽江府是。雪山一名玉龙山,在府西北二十里。为北岳。封金沙江源出吐蓄旄牛徼外犂牛石下,本名犂牛河,又名犂水,讹为丽水。经丽江府、鹤庆州、姚州而东北达于四川马湖府之马湖,卽『山海经』所谓若水。『水经注』云:若水经云南之遂久县,卽今金沙江巡检司地。昔黄帝长子昌意德劣,不足绍承天位,降居斯水为诸侯,娶蜀山氏女,生颛顼于若水之阳,疑卽其地也。祀在武定州,兰沧江源出吐蕃鹿石山下,本名鹿沧,又名兰沧。兰沧讹为浪沧。自丽江府度云龙州至永昌府,东经顺宁府,达于车里,过交趾地而入于南海。祀在丽江府,黑惠江在顺宁府之东入狼沧江,而达于南海。祀在顺宁府,怒江源出西域雍望,奔流而下,深不可测。夏月多瘴,经怒夷地入丽江府境野人界。至永昌府境,乃名潞江。祀在水昌府,为四渎,各建神祠。又立三皇庙。德宗丙寅贞元二年,设官立九爽三托。考疆域,其地东至于铜柱、铁桥、蟠桃、玉楡,东南至于交趾国,南至于骠国,西南至于木落山,西至于太石,西北至于吐蕃,北至于神川,东北至于黔巫。八分之地,属以八演,皆中国降人为之经画者。贞元丁卯三年,寻居大理城。命子弟师事郑回。时寻苦吐蕃徵求无厌,会李泌劝德宗招云南以断吐蕃右臂。帝从之,命韦皋为西川节度使,皋受命招抚群蛮。郑回因说寻归唐,寻以为然。皋遣谍者致书于寻,吐蕃知而疑之,乃责南诏大臣为质。寻愈怨。于是,决计归唐。皋以闻,德宗乃命皋作书谕寻。是年四月,吐番破蜀,来征兵,蔚按:卽吐蕃劫浑瑊清水盟之岁。寻谢绝之。贞元五年,寻遣乌蛮勿邓大鬼主苴梦冲、两林都大鬼主直那时聘于皋,因入朝。皋遣其属崔佐时报之。时吐蕃使数十人先在,佐时至,寻令更衣入。佐时不可,曰:「天朝大使。岂衣夷衣?」寻不得已,夜迎之。佐时至,大宣诏旨,令寻斩番使,去其所立之号。寻遂与佐时盟于点苍山下。贞元九年,寻遣使上表,请从韦皋袭吐蕃。诏册封为云南王,以韦皋为云南安抚使。王遣使诣皋,献夷中歌。贞元十年,吐蕃徵兵于王,王阳示寡弱,以兵三千应之,自将数万人踵其后。正月,袭吐蕃,战于神州,断铁桥,在巨津废州,今丽江府西北地。取十六城,俘其五王,降众十馀万,获军资甲仗无算。遂遣弟凑罗栋、清平官尹仇宽献捷于唐,并献地图、纳贡及吐蕃所给金印,请复号南诏。于是,唐以祠部郞中袁滋为中丞,赐金紫充册使。赐王银窠金印,印文曰:「贞元册南诏印」。王北面跪受。宴使者,出元宗天宝五载所赐王父凤伽异银跳脱马头盘数物,并指老笛工、歌女曰:「皇帝所赐龟兹乐,惟二人在耳!」使者日:「南诏世荷唐恩,当深思祖考子孙勿替,尽忠皇唐。」王对曰:「敢不敬使者之命。」随遣清平官尹辅首入谢,献铎鞘、郁刀、生金、瑟瑟、牛黄、氎、纺丝、越赕绕伦马。蔚按:铎鞘,疑当作择矟,状如残月,有孔旁达,出丽水,饰以金,月祭之血,所击无不洞。段柯古『酉阳杂俎』云:南蛮有毒槊无刀刃,状如朽铁,中人无血立死。言自天而下,入地丈馀,祭地乃掘得之,云云。疑卽铎矟,毒为铎字之讹,槊字本同矟宇也。郁刀铸时以毒药并冶,取莹耀如星者,凡十年乃成,淬以马血,镂金犀饰镡首,伤人卽死。因浪人所铸,又名浪剑,夷中甚宝之。七月,又攻吐蕃,并破施蛮、顺蛮,施蛮、顺蛮卽施浪、浪穹二诏之后,自南诏并吞五诏,五诏之后不复称诏,止称蛮。俘其王置白崖城。贞元十二年,取越赕,置软化城。贞元十四年,请以大臣子弟质于朝,韦皋却之。固请,乃尽舍成都,遣就学。贞元十五年,王开白国北方赕地,今永北厅。徙弥河白蛮及罗落摩蛮实之,号剑羌。是年,王从韦皋再败吐蕃于铁桥。初,王谋击吐蕃,以邆川、卽今邓川州。宁北卽今浪穹县。等城当寇冲,乃峭山深堑,修战备。至是吐蕃谋袭南诏,王告于皋,遣将屯黎州、嶲州以应之。吐蕃引兵攻嶲州,皋严兵以守,别遣将袭击,降其帅,吐蕃惧,退至铁桥。王令人毒其水,吐蕃人马多死,退屯三泸水,王与皋部将杜毗罗击败之。贞元十六年,王率子寻阁劝入朝于唐,召对延英殿,进奉圣乐舞,德宗御麟德殿观之。贞元十七年,王夜绝泸水,斩吐蕃屯卒,又合鬼主破之于泸西。吐蕃大惧,欲悉师收嶲州,以绝南诏。王谓韦皋曰:「吐蕃声取嶲州,实窥云南,请进军羊苴咩城。」皋督诸将分道与王会,陈兵深入,拔木波城。前后凡克城七,焚堡百五十所,斩获无算,生擒论莽热,献于唐,并进铠甲十五万。皋班师,帝遣中使慰抚王。王自是比年贡方物,唐帝深礼之焉。贞元十九年,王封云南金马碧鸡二山之神为景帝,建妙音寺塔,筑大理雪峰长城。宪宗戊子元和三年七月,王卒。唐遣使祭吊,在位三十年,子寻阁劝立。 | |- |寻阁一作觉劝又名新觉劝。 袭封南诏王 伪谥孝惠王 | |- |寻阁劝,唐宪宗戊子元和三年卽位,年三十一岁。唐册劝袭封南诏王,赐元和金印。宪宗己丑元和四年正月,改元应道,群臣上尊号曰骠信,以鄯阐为东京,大理为西京,重修曲靖崇真寺。寺为晋代所建。十一月王卒,在位一年。子劝龙晟立。 | |- |} ===Quanlongsheng《劝龙晟  袭封南诏王   伪谥幽王 》=== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:80%;" |+ Quanlongsheng《劝龙晟  袭封南诏王   伪谥幽王 》 |- ! scope="col" | Original ! scope="col" | Translation |- |劝龙晟,唐宪宗己丑元和四年卽位,年十二岁。唐册袭封南诏王。明年,改元龙兴。铸佛三尊,送佛顶峰寺,用金三千两。元和九年,晨寇嘉定州,有飞天神兵破之。先是,节度使杜元颖守成都时,时滇兵至嘉定之沐源州,忽自惊溃。蜀军获一夷卒问之,云适见遍山神兵,一神将长斧坐二鬼上,声若迅雷,故尔惊走。至是神复现形,自后追杀,卽时死酋长二人。盖嘉定向有飞天神庙,两破滇兵者,皆此神也。宪宗丙申元和十一年,晟淫虐失道,弄栋节度使王嵯巅弑之,时年仅十九岁,唐命少监李铣祭吊,在位七年,弟劝利立。 | |- |} ===Quan Li 《劝利 一作劝利晟  袭封南诏王  伪谥靖王》=== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:80%;" |+ Quan Li 《劝利 一作劝利晟  袭封南诏王  伪谥靖王》 |- ! scope="col" | Original ! scope="col" | Translation |- |劝利,唐宪宗丙申元和十一年卽位,年十五岁。唐册袭封南诏王。王嵯巅东寇。明年,改元全义。元和十三年,厚赏王嵯巅,赐姓蒙,封太容。元和十四年,废王嵯巅,赦其罪,命敬信三宝,为清平官。元和十五年,又改元大丰。重修崇圣寺。五月,大雨霖,龙首、龙尾二关倾。除洱河水怪,建龙屋塔。高十二丈。按:『白古记』:唐时洱河有妖蛇,名薄劫,兴大水淹城。蒙国王出示:有能灭之者,赏半官库,子孙世免差徭。部民有段赤城者愿灭蛇,缚刃人水,蛇吞之,人与蛇皆死,水患息。王令人剖蛇腹,取赤城骨葬之,建塔其上,毁蛇骨灰塔,名为灵塔。在今大理府城南龙尾关内点苍山马耳峰下羊皮村。每年有蛇党起风来剥塔灰。时有谣曰:赤城卖硬土。今『龙王庙碑』云:洱河龙王段赤城云。永昌生两头牛。穆宗甲辰长庆四年,赐南诏王金印。是年王卒于东京,在位八年,弟丰佑立。丰佑慕中国之风,独不肯连父名。丰佑石刻作劝丰佑  册封滇王  伪谥昭成王 | |- | 丰佑,唐穆宗甲辰长庆四年卽位,年七岁。唐遣京兆少尹韦审规持节册封为滇王。王遣洪成酋等人谢。明年,改元保合,又改元天启。西僧赞陀啒哆建鹤庆元化寺。先是,鹤庆地水淹,僧杖刺东隅泄之。水中得樟木,刻为佛,咒之忽灵,远近名曰活佛。按:活佛,后至明成化间,福建莆田林俊为云南宪副闻之,亲至寺中,将佛火之,得金数百两入官,又毁他寺三百,人呼为林劈佛。建常平仓,筑邓川城。敬宗乙巳宝历元年,重修大理崇圣寺一名三塔寺。成先是,王嵯巅广寺基方七里。圣僧李成眉贤者建立三塔,高三十丈。佛一万一千四百,屋八百九十,铜四万五百九十筋。元和十五年经始,至是工竣。塔顶旧有铁柱款识云:「贞观六年尉迟敬德监造」,盖寺之建久矣。重修云南东寺塔,高百五十尺,西寺塔高八十尺,二寺亦贞观间将作大匠尉迟敬德所建。文宗丁未太和元年,王母出家,法名惠海。太和二年,用银五千,铸佛一堂,废道敎。太和己酉三年,僧梦岛造永昌卧佛,长丈六。六月朔,星落如雨。命王嵯巅等寇蜀。先是,西川节度使杜元颖失士卒心,军逃入南诏,因此知蜀虚实。佑遂遣嵯巅等攻蜀,陷嶲、戎、卭三州,攻成都,止西郛十日,掠经书、宝货、子女无算,蜀中残敝。并寇梓州、蜀州。佑上表于唐,请诛元颖。唐改云南为鄯阐府。卽今云南府省城。太和四年,唐贬杜元颖循州司马,以义成节度使李德裕为西川节度使。裕至西川,建筹边楼,日召习边事者访问,凡山川险要,南道与蛮相入者图之左,西道与吐蕃相接者图之右,不啻身尝经历焉。乃奏请留北兵以重镇守,修甲胄、备器械。率户二百取一人习战,作雄边子弟等十一军。筑仗义、御侮、柔远诸城以扼要害,复卭崃关,徙嶲州治台登,以夺蛮险。令转卭、雅粟以十月而运,先夏而至,人不苦瘴,边境始安。至是使人于佑,责归所俘。太和五年五月,佑归所俘西川四千人于德裕。太和六年,佑掠骠国民三千,徙之拓东城。武宗乙丑会昌元年,佑遣军将晟君筑横渠道自磨用江至于鹤拓,灌东皋及城阳田,与龙佉江合流入于河,谓之锦浪江。又潴点苍山玉局峰顶之南为池,谓之高河,又名冯河。更导山泉共泄流为川,灌田数万顷,民得耕种之利。会昌六年九月,佑攻陷安南,经略使裴元裕死之。宣宗丁卯大宗元年,佑妃卒,佑郁郁不乐,臣下请选妃女备后宫。得罗部今云南府罗次县。一美女进之,有宠。女好佛,建罗次寺,至今灵异。六月大旱,佑令僧寿海祈雨。僧曰:「昔汤旱七年,六事自责,天雨七日。今王酒色妄杀,天怒不雨。王如改悔,天雨自至,何以祈为?」佑如僧言,自责自改,数日果雨。佑女至崇圣寺进香,回至城西,为一乘白马人摄去,寻之不得。佑告于西僧赞陀啒哆,哆曰此山神也。乃设灯照之,果在苍山下。哆怒欲行法,移山于河。山神惧,献宝珠供佛,佑乃已。大中十二年,佑遣段酋迁陷安南都护府。遣段宗榜救缅。榜,汤今云南府宜良县地。人,佑之勇将。先是,狮子国侵缅;屡求救,至是许之。按:缅甸卽汉之掸国,唐之骠国,其历代莫考。当宋元之时,屡败王师。明太祖洪武十年,缅头目招扳南进贡。十九年,使行人司钱古训赍诏立宣尉司。二十年,缅犯景东。二十一年,犯他郞甸,沐英命都指挥宁正平之。三月,犯定边,沐英同都督冯诚平之。景泰三年,王骥赏缅孟养地。缅喜,乃擒献麓川贼。嘉靖初,缅火烧赍金牌官,中终年猖獗海上,遂至难制。○考自永昌府腾越州入缅,止三十四程。腾越一日南甸、一日罗必斯、一日郞、一日甸头、一日甸尾、一日蒙腰、一日甸蓝、一日蒙怜路、一日空地、一日蒙来路、一日大市、一日龙江、一日锅地、一日人列渡、一日江头城、一日景怜、一日及、一日马来城、一日赖当、一日山头、一日甸头、一日阿只、一日吴细辰、一日折弓、一日阿越。由阿越下水,九日卽至缅城。其地有五大城,江头、太公二城之外,又有马来、安正国、蒲甘缅王三城。酋住金楼,民住竹楼。其下称酋为卜剌浪,称酋妻为米泼剌。酋出人乘轿,水有舟筏。官名有招孟、招彔、招刚三等。官无大小,倶金银花宝带。无弓箭。其水有金沙江,险恶,缅恃以为固。涸时,亦仅五里。俗敬佛,重罪对佛发誓,凭僧处断。○入缅又有三道:一由潞江西上;一由腾越七日至麓川;一由景东从木通甸至湾甸渡入芒市,十日至麓川。○此外从潞江上流蒙来渡至景乐沿河有小渡十馀处,皆可通。又有三道:一由天步马,一由湾甸,一由阿郊地界,皆可入缅。宣宗己卯大中十三年,陷播州。李德裕旣贬死,西川节度使所任皆非人,侥佯边功,发兵十万袭滇,自建昌入,佑命子世隆为坦绰,同王嵯巅迎战于古宗,今丽江府铁桥以北地。杀唐兵数万人,立铜柱于界上。世隆之母,佑妃也,出家号师摩矣。尝随佑至罗浮山白城,建一寺,南壁画一龙,是夜龙动,几损寺,妃乃复画一柱锁之,始定。按:妃本渔家女,喜浴。为妃后,仍常泛舟西洱河,屏人潜浴于水,感金龙与交,生世隆。隆七岁,拳握始开,有文在其掌曰:通番打汉。古宗之战,唐帝惧世隆为患,妻以宗室女,伺察其所为。女以世隆年庚潜送于帝。帝使太史推之,知其感龙精而生。是年,丰佑卒于东京,在位三十五年。子世隆立,以王嵯巅摄政。段宗榜救缅,回至腾越,闻佑卒,世隆立,嵯巅摄政,移书王嵯巅曰:「天启不幸,驾崩嗣幼,闻公摄政,国家之福。榜救缅以败狮子国。缅酬金佛,当得敬迎。奈中国无人,惟公望重。榜抵国门之日,烦亲迎佛,与国增光。」云云。嵯巅不知是谋,至日迎之。榜令巅拜佛,突斩之于佛前。讨其弑劝隆晟之罪也。榜熔佛得金数千两。时有缅人奉香火者在榜,默祝曰:「愿世代奉敬,今不如愿,惟愿世尊轮生,灭彼国祚。」后果生郑买嗣篡国,灭蒙氏。 | |- |世隆『唐书』作酋龙。  伪谥景庄皇帝僭称帝始此,以后郑、赵、杨、段、高五姓之国咸效之。 | |- |世隆,唐宣宗己卯大中十三年卽位,年十六岁。明年,为懿宗庚辰咸通元年,改元建极。改西京曰中都,东京曰上都。先是,德宗贞元间,西川节度使韦皋开道通南诏,令岁入贡。异牟寻、寻阁劝二世事唐唯谨,迨劝龙晟及丰[佑],又数数扰边,大为唐患。又以世隆之名犯太宗、元宗庙讳。唐不册封,隆益致怨望。至是自称皇帝,遣兵取乌蛮、僰、爨之地,置东川郡。前节度使杜悰变韦皋制度,侵扰蛮中。隆绝朝贡,寇播州。至是李福为节度使,隆遣清平官董成至成都,移书于福。成与福抗礼,福囚之。上闻,有诏释成,召至京师,见便殿,遣还。咸通二年,遣兵陷安南。左仆射同平章事杜悰言:「西川兵弱,南诏强盛,未可轻绝。宜遣使祭吊,谕令改名,行册礼。帝肯之。会隆复寇嶲州,遂止。咸通三年,隆亲寇蜀,取万寿寺石佛归。时高真寺僧崇模有神术,从征。军中乏粮,又値岁暮,士卒思归,僧咒沙成米,咒水成酒,士卒各醉饱。一日僧化蝶回国乱宫,世隆妻以书达隆。隆答曰:妖若再来,令宫人于其衣背绣蝶。后僧复至,宫人绣之。隆见僧衣有蝶,令斩之。刑七次,首不殊。僧自云:用茅锯之乃断。果然。人见僧魂化一黑鹏飞去,盖僧本高真寺鹏巢中所得之儿也。咸通四年,寇西川。咸通五年,陷安南、邕管。咸通六年,陷嶲州。咸通七年,复攻安南。岭南西道节度使高骈救之,隆兵大败,骈遂定安南。咸通十年,隆遣使杨酋庆等入朝,谢释董成之囚。归成都俘三千人。定边节度使李师望杀其使,隆怒,率众攻蜀,陷嘉州。咸通十一年正月,陷黎州,入卭徕关,围雅州,击卭州,遂进攻成都。次眉州,西川节度使卢耽畏众寡不敌,通使请降。继而唐遣东川节度使颜庆复、大将宋威等率兵来战。世隆败屯星宿山,宋威戍沱江。隆迎战于毗桥,不胜,趋沱江,中伏。城中又出突将,夜火隆营,夺升仙梁。隆大败,奔双流江,无梁以渡,乃伪请和,三日梁成而济。咸通辛卯十二年,立鄯阐王宫。咸通壬辰十三年,于白崖诸葛武侯所立铁柱之地,铸天尊柱,高八尺。蔚昔年曾至铁柱宫,其地界白崖、弥渡、蒙化三境之间。其柱刻字云:建极十三年岁次壬辰四月朔庚子十四日癸丑建立。咸通十四年,攻黔中。又寇西川,作浮梁济大渡河,防河兵马使黄景复伏兵,半渡击败之。会隆国中新兵继至,接战,景复败走。隆进兵陷黎州,入卭徕关。遂遣王保诚等四十人谩书诣剑南节度使牛丛,欲假道入朝,请憩蜀王故殿。丛囚其使三十八人,释酇咙及段酋迁二人还。隆乃退兵至新津而旋。僖宗乙未乾符二年,攻雅州。西川节度使高骈追至大渡河,大败之,俘酋长五十人,收复黎州、卭徕关,斩黄景复以狥。乾符三年,遣使诣高骈请和,不许,斩使者一人。隆怒,自是唐使至不拜,惟拜和尚。骈知之,乃遣僧景仙往谕公主事,隆乃下拜定盟。禧宗丁酉乾符四年二月,复寇蜀,高骈御退之。骈又结吐蓄尚延心嗢、末鲁褥月等为间,筑戎川州、马湖沭沐源川、大渡河三城,列屯拒险,料壮卒为平夷军。世隆气夺,因恚发疽,卒于越嶲景净寺,在位十八年,子隆舜立。 | |- |} ===Longshun《隆舜一名法 改国号曰大封民国 伪谥宣武帝》=== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:80%;" |+ Longshun《隆舜一名法 改国号曰大封民国 伪谥宣武帝》 |- ! scope="col" | Original ! scope="col" | Translation |- |隆舜,唐僖宗丁酉乾符四年卽位,年十七岁。明年,改元贞明,又改元嵯耶、承知、大同,改国号曰大封民国。遣使于唐请和,诏许之。自劝龙晟至世隆以来,侵蜀伐安南,用兵五十馀年,帑藏不给,横敛于民,上下倶困。舜立,耽于酒色,委政臣下,故愿求和于唐,乃遣段宝诣岭南节度使辛谠,请修好。谠奏,许之,以息边患。乾符六年,遣使于唐求和亲,无表,只用牒,称弟不称臣。唐帝召百官议,礼部侍郞崔澹曰:「南诏无礼,恐贻后笑。」使者上书与澹争。帝谕解之。议者谓中国多故,南诏寖强,不若权与和亲。便从之。僖宗庚子广明元年春正月,唐命宗正少卿李龟年来和亲。僖宗辛丑中和元年,上表款附。中和癸卯三年,唐以宗室女为安化长公主,妻隆舜,僖宗乙已光启元年,遣宰相赵隆眉、清平官杨奇鲲、段义宗三人,朝唐帝行在,且迎公主。高骈在淮阳飞章上言:「三人南诏心腹。宜止而酖之。」唐帝从其言。隆眉等死,南诏遂不复振矣。是年昆仑国进美女,舜嬖之。光启二年地震,龙首、龙尾二关、三阳城皆崩。昭宗己巳乾宁四年,隆舜多内嬖,常信谗以诛其下,淫虐日甚。竖臣杨登弑之于东京,在位二十年,子舜化贞立。 | |- |} ===Shunhuazhen舜化贞     伪谥孝哀帝》=== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:80%;" |+ Jianning Guo《建宁国》 |- ! scope="col" | Original ! scope="col" | Translation |- |舜化贞,唐昭宗丁巳乾宁四年卽位,年二十一岁。明年,改元中兴。上书于唐,朝廷欲报之。利州刺史王建上言:「臣在西南,彼必不敢犯塞,小夷何足辱诏书。」遂止。昭宗光化二年,立五学敎主。十一月,诛杨登,族其家。光化庚申三年,铸崇圣寺丈六观音,清平官郑买嗣合十六国铜所铸,蜀人李嘉亭成像。一说唐天宝间,崇圣寺有僧募造丈六观音像,未就。夜忽雨,旦视之,铜也,卽取以铸像。像成,白光弥覆凡三日夜,至今人称为雨铜观音。唐昭宗壬戌天复二年,舜化贞卒,一说实郑买嗣弑之。,在位五年。化贞有一子,生甫八月,郑买嗣主国事,遂启贞妻曰:「母后深宫,群臣无主,臣当抱太子临朝。」贞妻是其言,以子付之。买嗣抱子出,潜手伤其阴,子哭不已,乃送回宫中。明日,子死。贞妻疑而诘之,买嗣怀不安,遽起兵杀蒙氏亲族八百人于五华楼下,遂簒立焉。 | |- |按:蒙氏南诏大蒙国,自细奴逻禅立,起唐太宗己酉贞观二十三年,讫昭宗壬戌天复二年,传十三世,共二百五十五年。 | |- |} ==Dachanghe Generations《大长和国  传三世》== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:80%;" |+ Dachanghe Generations《大长和国  传三世》 |- ! scope="col" | Original ! scope="col" | Translation |- |郑买嗣又名。   伪谥圣明文武威德桓皇帝。 | |- |郑买嗣,又名,唐巂州西泸令陷南诏臣蒙氏,为清平官郑回之七世孙。 隆舜时历官侍中,权势日重。隆舜巡幸无度,留买嗣守国,遂专政柄。舜化贞时为相,化贞卒,嗣贼杀其子,簒蒙国,于唐昭宗壬戌天复二年十二月卽位,年四十二岁,国号大长和,仍都大理。明年,建元安国。后梁太祖开平丁卯元年,建普明寺。开平三年,铸佛一万尊,送寺祈福,为杀蒙氏八百人故也。开平四年八月,买嗣卒,在位八年,子仁旻立。 | |- |} ===Renmin  《仁旻   伪谥肃文太上皇帝》=== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:80%;" |+ Renmin  《仁旻   伪谥肃文太上皇帝》 |- ! scope="col" | Original ! scope="col" | Translation |- |仁旻,后梁太祖庚午开平四年卽位,年二十二岁。明年,改元始元,又改元天瑞、景星、安和、贞佑、初历。末帝甲戌乾化三年,旻攻蜀。蜀高祖王建发兵拒之,旻兵大败,溺水使者万馀人。后唐庄宗癸未开同光元年,施宫寺灾,僧智照撰『封民三宝记』。同光二年旻以朱鬃白马求婚于南汉刘龑,龑以增城公主妻之。明宗丙戌天成元年八月,仁旻饵金丹,躁怒,常杀人,遂暴卒,在位十六年,子隆亶立。 | |- |} ===Longdan  《隆亶  伪谥恭惠帝》=== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:80%;" |+ Renmin  《仁旻   伪谥肃文太上皇帝》 |- ! scope="col" | Original ! scope="col" | Translation |- |隆亶,后唐明宗丙戌天成元年卽位,年十二岁,明年,改元天应。明宗戊子天成三年,东川节度使杨乾贞入朝,弑隆亶而立赵善政,计亶在位二年。 | |- |按:郑氏大长和国,自买嗣簒位,起唐昭宗癸亥天复三年,讫后唐明宗戊子天成三年,传三世,共二十六年。 | |- |大天兴国一作兴源国。  一世 | | |} ==Dayining Generations《大义宁国  一世》== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:80%;" |+ Yang Qianzhen 《杨乾贞   伪谥肃恭帝》 |- ! scope="col" | Original ! scope="col" | Translation |- |杨乾贞于后唐明宗己丑天成四年夺大天兴国赵善政之位,改国号曰大义宁国,建元兴圣,又改元大命。乾贞萂村人。今大理府宾川州所属地。母名弥彔,有美色,蒙隆舜私焉。有孕,适渔人杨氏,生乾贞,后又生诏。其父捕鱼,贞立船头,见水中有人龙衣冠冕,左右有凤鸟,白光拥护,乃呼父视之。父见是贞之影,大奇之。长仕郑氏,官至东川节度使。至是夺善政位而自立。贞在位,贪暴特甚,中外咸怨。后晋高祖丁酉天复二年,通海节度使段思平起兵讨之。贞遣弟杨诏等五人出拒。诏兵败,乾贞出奔。思平遂得位,寻赦其罪,废为僧。计贞在位八年。 | |- |} ==Dali Generations《大理国   传十四世》== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:80%;" |+ Duan Siping《太祖圣神文武皇帝》 |- ! scope="col" | Original ! scope="col" | Translation |- | 段思平,其先武威郡北人,世为南诏蒙氏将。唐元宗辛卯天宝十载,及甲午天宝十三载,唐再伐云南,云南王蒙 阁逻凤命世子凤伽异、大军将段俭魏迎战于点苍山及西洱河,两败唐兵。以功升俭魏为清平官,赐名忠国,寻拜相,六传而至思平。其母因过江,水泛触浮木,若有感而娠,生思平,并其弟思良。思平为幕览,小府副将也。常游山中,得为帝之谶,又每多异徵。时东川节度使杨乾贞之弟杨诏者已贵,闻而忌之,使人贼思平。思平逃匿于崇恩寺,在大理府城南九里。捕者追至,见蛛网盈寺门,不入,故得脱。后积战功,使为通海节度使。后唐明宗己丑天成四年,杨乾贞夺赵善政之位。受诏之谮,常欲除思平。平卜于秀山神祠,就其舅爨判自匿。后晋高祖丙申天福元年,乾贞索捕思平甚急。会善政臣守高方,素与思平善,密遣人招思平。思平与其弟思良、军师董迦罗走就之。皆裂冠,变姓名,为猎者,牵一犬至品甸波大村今大理府云南县地。宿旅舍。舍有戟,生牛革裹之,是夜风起,戟忽洞革出。思平惊曰:「是何銛利?得非神戟乎!」问主人曰:「戟何为?」曰:「以防夜耳。」曰:「防夜莫若犬。」遂以犬易戟去。行至叶镜湖,湖在大理府云南县地得神马。饥取野桃而食,核上有虫啮「靑昔」二字,思平解为十二月二十一日,意其吉兆。于是急趋而前,借兵于东方黑爨三十七蛮部,会于石城,今曲靖府是。以董迦罗为军师。兵集之期,适十二月二十一日也。所向皆克,遂进攻大理,讨干贞。时诏等陈兵据桥,军不能过。思平夜忽得三梦:人无首;玉瓶无耳;镜破。觉而告其下。迦罗觧之曰:君乃丈夫,去首为天;玉瓶去耳为王;镜破则无对者,此神示吉兆。是日,有被缨浣沙妇,指渡处曰:「人从我江尾,马从三沙矣,尔国名大理。」从之,乃得过江,击诏等杀之。乾贞闻诏等军败,出奔。思平卽位,时天福丁酉二年也,年四十四岁。建号大理国,建元文德,仍都大理。天福三年封董迦罗为相国,封高方为岳侯,分治成纪、巨桥等地。封爨判为巴甸侯。祠秀山神,免东方三十七蛮部徭役,赦国中凡有罪无子孙者。天福四年,赦杨乾贞罪,废为僧。一说乾贞败后,挈其妻子奔永昌郡。思平遣兵追之,至万剑树,乾贞自缢而死。思平俘其妻子亲属。帝好佛,岁岁建寺,铸佛万尊。后晋出帝甲辰开运元年帝崩,在位八年,子思英立。 | |- |} ===Duan Siyin  《文经皇帝》=== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:80%;" |+ Duan Siyin  《文经皇帝》 |- ! scope="col" | Original ! scope="col" | Translation |- |思英,后晋出帝甲辰开运元年卽位,明年,为出帝开运二年,改元文经。帝母杨氏桂仙娘没而为神,屡著灵应,封为楡城宣惠圣国母。是年,帝叔思良争位,废帝为僧,法名宏修大师。在位一年,叔思良立。一说思英素不肖,思平在日,常欲废之,不果。迨卽位,愈淫戏无度,群臣废之,而立思良。 | |- |} ===Duan Siliang  《圣慈文武皇帝  太祖之弟》=== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:80%;" |+ Duan Siliang  《圣慈文武皇帝  太祖之弟》 |- ! scope="col" | Original ! scope="col" | Translation |- |思良,后晋出帝乙巳开运二年卽位,明年,改元至治。后周太祖壬子广顺二年,帝崩,在位七年,子思聪立。 | |- |} ===Duan Sicong  《思聪  伪谥至道广慈皇帝》=== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:80%;" |+ Duan Sicong  《思聪  伪谥至道广慈皇帝》 |- ! scope="col" | Original ! scope="col" | Translation |- |思聪,后周太祖壬子广顺二年卽位,明年改元明德,又改元广德。宋太祖乙巳开宝二年,思聪卒,在位十七年,子素顺立。 | |- |} ===Duan Susun  《素顺》=== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:80%;" |+ Duan Susun  《素顺》 |- ! scope="col" | Original ! scope="col" | Translation |- |素顺,宋太祖乙巳开宝二年卽位。明年,改元明政。先是,宋太祖丁卯乾德五年春,王全斌平蜀,还京师,请取云南,负地图进。太祖鉴唐之祸,以玉斧画大渡河为界,曰:「此外非吾有也。」由是段氏得据南诏,相安无事。太宗乙酉雍煕二年,素顺卒,在位十六年,子素英立。 | |- |} ===Duan Suyung  《素英    伪谥昭明皇帝》=== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:80%;" |+ Duan Suyung  《素英    伪谥昭明皇帝》 |- ! scope="col" | Original ! scope="col" | Translation |- |素英,宋太祖乙酉雍煕二年卽位。明年,改元广明,又改元明应、明圣、明统、明治。太宗至道二年,述『传灯录』。真宗己酉大中祥符二年,素英卒,在位二十四年,子素廉立。 | |- |} ===Duan Sulong  《素隆    伪谥秉义皇帝 》=== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:80%;" |+ Duan Sulong  《素隆    伪谥秉义皇帝 》 |- ! scope="col" | Original ! scope="col" | Translation |- |素隆,宋真宗壬戌干兴元年卽位,明年改元明通。仁宗丙寅天圣四年素隆禅位为僧,在位四年。侄素贞真立。 | |- |} ===Duan Suzhen  《素真    伪谥圣德皇帝 》=== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:80%;" |+ Duan Suzhen  《素真    伪谥圣德皇帝 》 |- ! scope="col" | Original ! scope="col" | Translation |- |素真,宋仁宗丙寅天圣四年卽位,明年改元正治。仁宗辛巳庆历元年素真禅位为僧,在位十五年,孙素兴立。 | |- |} ===Duan Suxing  《素兴    伪谥天明皇帝》=== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:80%;" |+ Duan Suxing  《素兴    伪谥天明皇帝》 |- ! scope="col" | Original ! scope="col" | Translation |- |素兴,宋仁宗辛巳庆历元年卽位,明年改元圣明,又改元天明。素兴性好游狎,广营宫室于东京,多植花草,于春登堤上植黄花,名绕道金棱,云津桥上种白花,名萦城银棱。每春月,挟妓载酒,自玉案三泉,溯为九曲流觞。男女列坐,斗草簪花,昼夜行乐。花中有素馨者,以素兴爱之,故名。又有花遇歌则开,有草遇舞则动,兴令歌者傍花,舞者傍草。盖亦花草之妖也。仁宗甲申庆历四年,素兴在位,荒淫日甚,国人废之,而立太祖曾孙智恩之子思廉。计兴在位三年。 | |- |} ===Duan Silian  《思廉  太祖元孙  伪谥兴宗孝德皇帝》=== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:80%;" |+ Duan Silian  《思廉  太祖元孙  伪谥兴宗孝德皇帝》 |- ! scope="col" | Original ! scope="col" | Translation |- |素兴,宋仁宗辛巳庆历元年卽位,明年改元圣明,又改元天明。素兴性好游狎,广营宫室于东京,多植花草,于春登堤上植黄花,名绕道金棱,云津桥上种白花,名萦城银棱。每春月,挟妓载酒,自玉案三泉,溯为九曲流觞。男女列坐,斗草簪花,昼夜行乐。花中有素馨者,以素兴爱之,故名。又有花遇歌则开,有草遇舞则动,兴令歌者傍花,舞者傍草。盖亦花草之妖也。仁宗甲申庆历四年,素兴在位,荒淫日甚,国人废之,而立太祖曾孙智恩之子思廉。计兴在位三年。 | |- |} ===Duan Lianyi 《廉义   伪谥上德皇帝 》=== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:80%;" |+ Duan Lianyi 《廉义   伪谥上德皇帝 》 |- ! scope="col" | Original ! scope="col" | Translation |- |廉义,宋神宗乙卯熈宁八年卽位。明年,改元上德。遣使入贡于宋。熈宁十年,又改元广安,作八龙王会。神宗庚申元丰三年,杨义贞杀廉义而自立。计义在位五年,自义贞弑其主廉义而自立,簒位仅四月,鄯阐侯高智升命子清平官高升泰起东方爨僰兵,讨而诛之,立廉义之侄寿辉。 | |- |} ===Duan Shouhai 《寿辉   伪谥上明皇帝 》=== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:80%;" |+ Duan Shouhai 《寿辉   伪谥上明皇帝 》 |- ! scope="col" | Original ! scope="col" | Translation |- |寿辉,宋神宗庚申元豊三年卽位。明年,改元上明,以高智升为布燮,高升泰为鄯阐侯。是年,日月交晦,星辰昼见。寿辉因天变,遂禅位于思廉之孙正明。计辉在位一年。 | |- |} ===Duan Zhengming 《正明  思廉之孙  伪谥保定皇帝》=== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:80%;" |+ Duan Shouhai 《寿辉   伪谥上明皇帝 》 |- ! scope="col" | Original ! scope="col" | Translation |- |寿辉,宋神宗庚申元豊三年卽位。明年,改元上明,以高智升为布燮,高升泰为鄯阐侯。是年,日月交晦,星辰昼见。寿辉因天变,遂禅位于思廉之孙正明。计辉在位一年。 | |- |} ==Da Zhongguo Generations 《大中国》== ===Gao Shentai 《高升泰  伪谥富有圣德表正皇帝》==== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:80%;" |+ Duan Shouhai 《寿辉   伪谥上明皇帝 》 |- ! scope="col" | Original ! scope="col" | Translation |- |高升泰,宋哲宗甲戌绍圣元年,受大理国段正明之禅卽位。改国号曰大中国。明年,改元上治。升泰,岳侯高方之裔,大理点苍山莲花峰下芒涌溪人。将生,其父袭岳侯,智升往石云寺在点苍山白雪峰麓进香回,遇一老叟云:「尔家将生贵子,可速归。」智升至家,而升泰适生,心颇异之。及长,有材器,仕为清平官,兼九爽之事,誉望日重。思廉出游,猝遇烈风,吹踣其马。廉将坠,智深跃前扶之。廉德智升,赐以宫人及珠玉。杨允贤(判)〔叛〕,廉命智升讨之,以功加太保,封德侯,旋晋鄯阐侯,世袭。及杨义贞簒逆,智升令升泰起东方兵,诛义贞而立廉义之侄寿辉。辉以智升为布燮,升泰袭鄯阐侯。辉在位灾异迭兴,因禅位于思廉之孙正明。明为君不振,人心归高氏。遂请升泰为君,而正明禅以位焉。哲宗丙子绍圣三年,升泰在位二年,寝疾。遗命曰:「我之立国,以段氏之弱,我死,必以国仍还段氏,愼勿背我。」及卒,其子高泰明遵遗命,还位正明之弟正湻。段氏复兴,号后理国。高氏相之,政令皆出其门,国人称为高国主,段氏拥虚位而已。 | |- |} ==Houli Guo Generations 《后理国》== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:80%;" |+ Duan Zhengchen 《段正湻 大理国正明之弟 伪谥中宗文安皇帝 》 |- ! scope="col" | Original ! scope="col" | Translation |- |段正湻,宋哲宗丙子绍圣三年复得国,卽位,号后理国。以高泰明为相国,执政柄,高泰运为栅主。明年,改元天授。又改元开明,天政,文安,赦徭役。筑楚雄城,在今楚雄府城西北二里。以封高泰明之侄高明亮。徽宗癸未崇宁二年,遣高泰运奉表入宋,求经籍,得六十九家,药书六十二部。鄯阐李观音得来朝,进金马杖八十节,人民三万三千户。湻赐得八章礼衣,龙头剑,擢为安东将军。蔚按:蒙氏时有安东将军,季李珠所筑安东城,在今大理府赵州城东二里。缅人、波斯、昆仑三国进白象及香物。十月,彗星见西方,大疫。徽宗戊子大观二年,正湻禅位为僧,在位十二年,子和誉立。 | |- |和誉又名正严 封云南节度使大理国王,伪谥宪宗宣仁皇帝 | |- |和誉,宋徽宗戊子大观二年卽位。明年,改元日新。又改元文治、永嘉、保天、广运。七月中元节,各方贡金银、罗绮、珍宝、犀象万计,牛马遍点苍。徽宗辛卯政和元年,地大震,损十六寺。三十七部判叛〕,高相国泰明讨平之。使四子高明清居鄯阐镇守。政和五年,缅人进金花、犀象。政和六年。遣儒官钟震、黄渐赍敕褒高泰朋相国忠贞,封平国公。是年,遣使入贡于宋。高泰明卒,封国师。泰明生八子,高智昌以罪流死。其下伊、何二人谋为执仇,乘誉入寺进香,图弑逆,事露被收。誉嘉二人之义,赦之,为立义士冢。高泰运立,主国事。六月,三日并出。政和丁酉七年,命子紫琮充进奉使,入贡于宋。诏遣使册封誉为金紫光禄大夫、检校司空、云南节度使、上柱国、大理国王。徽宗己亥宣和元年正月,彗出,慕宁、远、矣、破、马等叛。三月,出师征之,兵败。三十七部蛮复叛。陷鄯阐,高明清死之。郡臣以高升泰侄商量成有德,请立为相,号中国公。徽宗丙午靖康元年五月,金星入月,大火,焚三千九百家。南宋高宗丙辰绍兴六年,王遣使贡象马于宋,广西经畧安抚使奏之,诏护送行在,优礼答之。绍兴十六年三月十四日,大雾,历二十四日方开。高宗丁卯绍兴十七年,王老,因诸子内争外叛、遂禅位为僧,在位三十九年。子正兴立。 | |- |} ===Zhengxing 《正兴又名易长  伪谥景宗正康皇帝》=== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:80%;" |+ Zhengxing 《正兴又名易长  伪谥景宗正康皇帝》 |- ! scope="col" | Original ! scope="col" | Translation |- |正兴,南宋高宗丁卯绍兴十七年卽位。明年,改元永贞,又改元大宝、龙兴、盛明、建德。高量成让相位与侄寿贞,退老楚雄城。人化其德,名城曰德江城。孝宗癸未隆兴元年三月,寿贞卒。寿昌立为中国公。孝宗壬辰乾道八年四月,重雾,十六日方开。正兴禅位为僧,在位二十五年,子智兴立。 | |- |} ===Zhixing 《智兴   伪谥宣宗功极皇帝》=== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:80%;" |+ Zhixig 《智兴   伪谥宣宗功极皇帝》 |- ! scope="col" | Original ! scope="col" | Translation |- |智兴,南宋孝宗壬辰乾道八年卽位,明年,改元利贞。又改元盛德、嘉会、元亨、安定。遣李观音得等至广西横山砦今在广西南宁府江上。求市马。李观音得夺寿昌位,与侄贞明。阿机起兵夺贞明位,还寿昌。贞明遂据鹤庆,号明国公,伪谥义地威天聪明仁帝。高妙音自白崖起兵,据鄯阐。时有妙音之甥成贤、成正二人来谒,意在夺鄯阐。妙音觉之,与之盟于天王庙。二人口含丁香叶,出庙吐之曰:「盟非我也,叶也。」未几,二人起兵,方战,见白马将斩之。白马将,乃庙中二力士也。光宗庚戌绍熙元年,修十六寺。宁宗乙卯庆元元年,修龙首、龙尾二关,三阳城。宁宗庚申庆元六年,智兴卒,在位二十八年,子智廉立。 | |- |} ===Zhilian 《智廉   伪谥享天皇帝 》=== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:80%;" |+ Zhilian 《智廉   伪谥享天皇帝 》 |- ! scope="col" | Original ! scope="col" | Translation |- |智廉,南宋宁宗庚申庆元六年卽位。明年,改元凤历。又改元元寿。使人入宋求『大藏经』一千四百六十五部,置五华楼。宁宗乙丑开禧元年,智廉卒,在位五年。弟智祥立。 | |- |} ===Zhixiang 《智祥   伪谥神宗皇帝》=== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:80%;" |+ Zhixiang 《智祥   伪谥神宗皇帝》 |- ! scope="col" | Original ! scope="col" | Translation |- |智祥,南宋宁宗乙丑开禧元年卽位。明年,改元天开。又改元天辅、仁寿。征三十七蛮部,至寻甸平,河水绝流。理宗丁酉嘉(禧)〔熙〕元年,封高隆鄯阐王,以高泰祥为相国,以光日为演习。大府主将也。举贤育才,时和年丰,称治国焉。理宗戊戍嘉(禧)〔熙〕二年,智祥禅位为僧,在位三十三年。子祥兴立。 | |- |} ===Xiangxing 《祥兴   伪谥孝义皇帝》=== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:80%;" |+ Xiangxing 《祥兴   伪谥孝义皇帝》 |- ! scope="col" | Original ! scope="col" | Translation |- |祥兴,南宋理宗戊戌嘉(禧)〔熙〕二年卽位。明年,改元道隆。理宗甲辰湻佑四年,蒙古兵出灵关,伐大理。祥兴遣将高禾迎战,禾败死之。段连佑归宋,宋遣使吊祭,致经书、银缎,为高禾拒蒙古兵战殁也。理宗辛亥湻佑十一年,为蒙古宪宗蒙哥之元年,祥兴卒,在位十三年。子兴智立。 | |- |} ===Xingzhi 《兴智   赠天定贤王》=== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:80%;" |+ Xiangxing 《祥兴   伪谥孝义皇帝》 |- ! scope="col" | Original ! scope="col" | Translation |- |兴智,南宋理宗辛亥湻佑十一年卽位。明年,改元利正。又改元兴正、天定。是年,南宋理宗壬子湻佑十二年,为蒙古宪宗之二年七月丙午,太弟忽必烈等奉宪宗命,伐大理。受制专征,以大将兀良合台总督军务。八月,次临洮,由六盘逾吐番,凡行山谷二千馀里无人之境。先遣王律术、王侯、王鉴来谕大理,道阻而还。九月,次忒刺,分三道进。兀良合台率西道兵,由晏当路,诸王抄合也只烈率东道兵,由白蛮,忽必烈率劲骑,由中道。乙巳,至满陀城,留其辎重。十月,过大渡河。十一月,至白蛮打郭砦。十二月,再遣三使入大理,招兴智,皆被杀。智命相国高泰祥守金沙江,与蒙古将伯颜不花、虎儿敦等相持。忽必烈命众以革囊潜济江,破吐番,渉摩荻,出石门,所过降之,遂进薄大理。泰祥回军,奉兴智拒战,不胜。蒙古兵入上关。智奔鄯阐,泰祥退至统失逻先为姚安府,府裁,今为姚州,属楚雄府。募兵于三十七部未至,而蒙古兵已长(躯)〔驱〕而入,泰祥被执大理,不屈,乃斩于五华楼下。祥临刑叹日:「段运不回,天使其然,为臣殒首,盖其分也。」时白日正午,忽云起雷震,天鼓大鸣,忽必烈曰:「忠臣也。」泰祥夫人段氏,抱孤儿高琼、高长寿等伸诉。忽必烈目儿顾左右曰:「此忠臣后,宜善视之。」许以世其官。高泰祥为大中国升泰九世孙。遂灭段氏而有其地,得五城、八府、蛮部三十有七。乘胜入吐蕃,降其酋。明年,南宋理宗癸丑宝佑元年,为蒙古宪宗之三年,忽必烈班师。大将兀良合台拔鄯阐,获兴智以献,宪宗命赦之,封为摩诃罗嵯,管领八方,仍守其地,世袭总管。计兴智在位二年,宪宗授兀良合台银印,加大元帅,还镇大理。以刘时中为宣抚使,与兴智同安辑焉。南宋理宗庚申景定元年,为蒙古世祖忽必烈之中统元年,兴智率其季弟段信苴福北行,朝于世祖,道卒。计为总管又七年。蒙古遣使来祭吊,文曰:「段氏承八姓正位,归有新统,旣顺天时以向义,犹得国王以栖迟,实国家待远方之仁,由贤王能左右之义。受命以来,朝夕愓励。赖尔维勤,用征不廷,正当共享亨嘉之运,胡意遽罹霜露之灾,呜呼!当朕未集大统,乃为叔季之国。兹旣承景运,合正君臣之称,参录不替于子孙,诏禄宜昭于典册,特遣太常省祭,赠为后理国向义天定贤王段公,尚赖神麻,永保祚土。所赠王爵,后不为例。」明年,南宋理宗辛酉景定二年。为蒙古世祖中统二年,世祖敕授王之弟信苴日则段实。总管守大理。命之曰:「向率我以临尔境众据国人之请,因从城下之盟,款附而忠勤益著。庸示至优之礼,以彰同视之仁。可革帝号,锡以虎符,总理大理、鄯阐、威楚、统矢、会川、建昌、腾越诸郡,抚恤已附之民,招集未降之国,卿其勉之。」 | |- |按:段氏后理国,自段正湻复国,起宋哲宗丙子绍圣三年,讫南宋理宗癸丑(实)[宝应元年,传八世,共一百五十七年。 | |- |总计段氏大理、后理二国,传二十二世,共三百零十五年。 | |- |增订南诏野史下卷 | |- |} ==Hu Weixianmen Wing DynastyRevisions《大淸湖南武陵胡 蔚羡门订正》== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:80%;" |+ Hu Weixianmen Wing Dynasty Revisions《大淸湖南武陵胡 蔚羡门订正》 |- ! scope="col" | Original ! scope="col" | Translation |- |段氏总管除天定贤王段兴智受封总管七年外起段信苴日卽段实讫段世,共袭十二世。 | |- |段实一名信苴日。 | |- |段实,于南宋理宗景定二年,蒙古世祖之中统二年,入朝于世祖,袭总管,赐虎符,领大理、威楚、鄯阐、统矢、会川、建昌、腾越等城,自万户以下皆受节制。南宋理宗癸亥景定四年,为元世祖中统四年,蒙古设大理都元帅府,命昔撒昔总制鬼国、大理两路。理宗甲子景定五年,为世祖至元元年,妖僧舍利威结威楚、统矢、鄯阐及三十七蛮部叛,实讨之,大破于威楚、统矢、安宁等处,又破释多罗十馀万众于洱河海口。南宋度宗丁卯咸湻三年,蒙古世祖至元四年,以皇第五子忽哥赤为云南王,镇大理。至元五年,忽哥赤受命与安南国王讨占城、真腊。南宋度宗咸湻六年,世祖至元七年,置大理路军民总管府。南宋度宗辛未咸湻七年,为蒙古世祖至元八年冬十一月,世祖改国号曰元。云南王忽哥赤为元帅寳和丁所杀。元伐金齿、缥甸,降之。分大理三十七蛮部为南北中三路,遣阿鲁忒儿宣抚大理,招谕诸蛮。南宋度宗辛未咸湻十年,元世祖至元十一年,封宗室脱忽鲁为云南王,命云南行省平章政事赛典赤建云南各衙门。妖僧舍利威复叛,实遣石买等诡为商贾,执贽往见,挺矛鏦杀之,枭首于市。元世祖赐实白金及金织纹衣。南宋恭宗丙子德佑二年,元世祖至元十三年,授实为大理等处宣抚使。缅甸叛犯永昌,元命纳速剌丁赛典赤之长子,后封延安王。伐之,破砦三百,因天暑,还师。复命诸王相吾答儿、右丞太卜、参政也罕的斤伐缅,招讨使法烈先驱造舟于阿若、阿禾两江,进拔江头、太公二城,金齿、乌蒙皆降。南宋帝昺庚辰祥兴二年春二月,为元世祖忽必烈之至元十七年,宋亡,元入主中国。以忽哥赤之子也先帖木儿为云南王。命忙兀鲁徵八百媳妇。缅败忽都帖木儿兵,诏思、播土官田、杨二处兵助讨之。命征缅官番听云南王节制。至元辛巳十八年实率子阿庆入觐,元祖嘉其忠,晋大理、威楚、金齿等处宣慰使都元帅。升辞,复拜为云南诸路行中书省参知政事,留阿庆宿卫东宫。至元壬午十九年,实受敕迎征缅师,于金齿病卒。诏以其弟忠为大理宣慰使兼军民万户府,赠实为武定公。实任职二十二年。 | |- |} ===Duan Zhong《段忠 实之弟》=== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:80%;" |+ Duan Zhong《段忠 实之弟》 |- ! scope="col" | Original ! scope="col" | Translation |- |段忠,元世祖癸未至元二十年袭。是年,忠随元元帅阔木征芒部、两林蛮及会川等处,破贼立功,元授忠为善阐酋,赐虎符。元置邦牙宣慰司于蒲甘城,命云南王也先帖木儿率招讨使怯烈总兵三千往镇之。忠奉云南王命伐武定。冬十二月忠卒,以实之子阿庆为大理金齿等处宣慰司都元帅、佩金虎符,封宣武将军,晋镇国上将军,尚公主。遣归,复授云南行省参政。忠任职一年。 | |- |段庆卽阿庆。实之子 | | |- |段庆,元世祖甲申至元二十一年袭。至元二十五年以云南王也先帖木儿移镇大理,进封营王。至元二十七年冬十月,封皇孙甘剌麻为梁王,镇云南。至元二十九年改封梁王甘剌麻为晋王,镇北边。至元三十年,封甘剌麻之子松山镇云南。至元三十一年世祖崩,孙铁木耳立,是为成宗。成宗丙申元贞二年,置彻里路,卽车里军民宣慰使司。令与八百犬牙相制。秋八百叛命,也先不花征之。成宗己亥大德三年,云南水西土官宋隆济叛,贵州知州张怀德战死。云南行省麻九儿讨之,追杀贼首撒月,斩首五百级。庆奉敕征交趾,平之。入朝,带僧左黎同往,适成宗手疽甚,黎以法水洗之,立愈。帝欲试其术,乃掘地窖,令八人潜其中击鼓,佯云有怪,召黎治之,黎行法,顷之不闻鼓声,启窖视之,则八人已死。帝敬其法,封为国师。大德四年,缅人僧哥伦作乱。缅酋执其兄阿散哥也,寻释去,阿散乃率其党杀酋。酋次子奔诉京师,诏遣薛超兀儿率行省兵讨之。大德五年,金齿、八百叛,不输粮,杀官吏,元命右丞刘深、哈剌带、郑佑等征之。刘深协求水西土妇节金三千两、马三千匹,土官宋隆济遂叛,围深等于穷谷中,梁王阔率兵救,解之。冬,云南地大震,御史陈天祥谏伐西南夷,不报。大德七年,罢徵八百,免右丞刘深官,收符印。左丞相哈剌哈孙议深徼名首衅,丧师辱国,劝帝诛深,遂杀之。深卽往以兵逼南宋帝昺于谢女峡者。大德八年,立平云南碑于点苍山。顺元宣抚宋阿重获其叛叔宋隆济,朝命升职,赐衣一袭。滇池有蛟,化少年淫妇女,有神僧赵伽罗者,命黑胡神擒之,至噀水见形,斩之。神卽土主也。成宗丙午大德十年,罗雄土官阿那龙少叛,据越州。今在曲靖府南六十里,本唐之悦州,其川名鲁望。命右丞汪惟能讨之,追至曲靖,斩那龙少。是年庆卒,弟正袭。庆任职四十三年。 | |- |} ===Duan Zheng 《段正 庆之弟》=== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:80%;" |+ Duan Zheng 《段正 庆之弟》 |- ! scope="col" | Original ! scope="col" | Translation |- |段正,元成宗丁未大德十一十年袭。正招蒙化山中生爨入籍。元授正为参政,仍大理军民总管。晋宁建盘龙寺。有神僧觉照者,段氏族人,号莲峰,游东山见龙潭绝幽胜,乃咒龙令徙。龙去,水涸,建寺其地。蔚按:莲峰僧于顺帝之至正末入定塔中。武宗海山戊申至大元年,沾益、乌蒙地大震,三日并出。至大二年三月,梁王松山风疾,诏封皇第七子西平王奥鲁赤之孙老的代镇云南。仁宗爱育黎拔力八达壬子皇庆元年,诏罢徵八百。皇庆癸丑二年冬十月,学士李孟奏准开科,三年一试。时九成殿生芝,天下共取士三百名,每榜云南取五名,内蒙古二名,塞目二名,汉人一名。以八月二十日初场,二十三日次场,二十六日三场。仁宗乙卯延佑二年十一月,封武宗子和世珠为周王,出镇云南。仁宗丙辰延佑三年,正卒,庆子隆袭。正任职十年。 | |- |} ===Duan Long 《段隆 庆之子》=== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:80%;" |+ Duan Long 《段隆 庆之子》 |- ! scope="col" | Original ! scope="col" | Translation |- |段隆,元仁宗丁巳延佑四年袭,元授隆为大理军民总管。延佑己未六年,云南行省奏:「夷俗:凡土官无子,卽以妻代管。请听之。」诏曰可。延佑庚申七年,封甘剌麻孙王禅为云南王。英宗硕德八喇癸亥至治三年,进封王禅为梁王,封其子帖木儿不花为云南王。是年八月,诸王按梯不花、索孛罗、月鲁铁木儿等及御史大夫铁失弑帝于南坡行幄。九月泰定帝也孙铁木儿卽位。十二月流诸王月鲁铁木儿于云南。泰定四年,洱海有水怪,牛猪形短项金睛,兴水为患。大理一道人向隆取黄金百镒,隆与之,乃以金为索,沉于河,怪卽日徙于浪穹宁河。按:『六诏灵源记』云:宁河无底。明宣德间,有渔人李应捕鱼,网得金索,旋得旋断。一渔者诫之曰:可止矣。应贪甚,尽曵之,索将穷,惊其怪,风浪陡作,应并舟倶溺,至今为患。文宗图帖睦尔庚午至顺元年,以豫王阿忒思纳失里出镇云南。诸王秃坚据云南叛,杀廉访使,自称云南王。元诏枢密帖木儿讨之,发朵甘思等处兵分道进。至四川建昌、罗罗斯,权寻甸府官曲术集义兵讨秃坚,败贼伯忽于马龙,追至金马山,擒之。是年,隆以老退闲,子俊袭。隆任职十四年。 | |- |} ===Duan Jun 《段俊 隆之子》=== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:80%;" |+ Duan Jun 《段俊 隆之子》 |- ! scope="col" | Original ! scope="col" | Translation |- |段俊,元文宗辛未至顺 二年袭,元授俊为云南行省平章。乌撒部奏:「云南驿输征甚苦,愿属四川。」奏下参政贾敦煕议之。是年俊卒,族弟义袭。俊任职一年。 | |- |} ===Duan Yi 《段义 俊之族弟》=== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:80%;" |+ Duan Yi 《段义 俊之族弟》 |- ! scope="col" | Original ! scope="col" | Translation |- |段义,元文宗壬申至顺三年袭,朝命止授为承务郞、蒙化州知州。是年阿容禾叛于中庆路,义助兵讨平之,以功升参政。九月,乌蒙土官禄馀寇顺元,云南行省遣都事那海奉诏往谕,授馀为参政。冬十一月,云南行省奏:「国马每月上寅日给盐,饮之无病。因伯忽反,盐不给,马多死。」诏四川以盐给之。是年义卒,隆子光袭。义任职一年。 | |- |} ===Duan Guang 《段光 隆之子》=== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:80%;" |+ Duan Guang 《段光 隆之子》 |- ! scope="col" | Original ! scope="col" | Translation |- |段光,元顺帝妥权帖睦尔癸酉元统元年袭,朝命止授为承务郞、蒙化州知州。番兵作乱,孟州判官李生等守白崖,値高蓬新败番兵,乗胜长驱破河尾关。光率兵大败之,斩馘无算,河水尽赤,为之不流,得战马甲仗数千。光赋凯旋诗云:「雨锁金门百里城,神州花木管弦声。齐天苍岳参云峻,界地楡河射月明。梵宇三千朝呗朗,招提八百夜香淸。恒沙善果心无异,何患愚夷治不平。」元统二年,光以先与梁王把匝剌瓦尔密孛罗因分域构隙,至是遣张希矫、杨生、张连等发兵攻梁王,不胜,士卒多死,希矫等遁归。顺帝至元元年,梁王侵大理,光自督兵与战于昆弥山卽今大理府赵州南之定西岭,梁王大败。凯还,侍翰杨天甫作『长寿仙曲』上光云:「蒙氏钟王气,驾驭万乗唐。南龙光对北金锁,东洱水朝西点苍,四面固金汤。江绿春杨柳,岸淸古雪霜。屏障龙吟梅破王,竹林鹤立菊舒黄,四季景如妆。此生诚庆幸,有眼睹明王。」光大喜,设宴谢之。顺帝辛巳至正元年,玉案山生水小赤犬,群走如飞。段雄正曰:「此天狗星所化,大兵压境之兆。」经二年方绝。又下铁雨山石,民屋倶穿,人値之多击死。梁王刺杀段氏臣高蓬。先是,光令蓬督兵罗那关,梁王使人暗招之,蓬不从,答之诗云:「寄语下番梁王翁,檄书何苦招高蓬,身为五岳嵩山主,智过六丁缩地公,铁甲铁盔持铁槊,花鞍花索驭花骢,但挥眼前黄石阵,孤云击破几千重。」梁王忌之,乃重贿蓬庖人,刺杀之。顺帝甲申至正四年,光卒,弟功袭。光任职十二年。 | |- |} ===Duan Gong 《段功 光之弟》=== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:80%;" |+ Duan Gong 《段功 光之弟》 |- ! scope="col" | Original ! scope="col" | Translation |- | 段功,元顺帝乙酉至正五年袭,朝命止授为承务郞、蒙化州知州。至正六年,木邦夷思可叛。元命河南参政贾敦熈督师会云南路兵讨之,以功为前锋,屡战克捷。叙功升功为大理总管,寻升参政。至正癸巳十三年,红巾贼流入建昌,旁掠云南边地。阿次失里讨平之。至正十五年三月,元窜太师脱脱于云南。中书右丞哈麻、御史袁赛因不花等陷之也。十二月,左丞相哈麻矫诏杀脱脱于阿轻乞之地,时年四十二岁,天下寃之,两日相荡。是年,梁王宫中有怪。左右启王曰:「盘龙寺僧莲峰,能驱邪。」王礼请至,行法,怪息。王喜,留宫中供养,至夜密问之曰:「今中原纷乱,后事如何?」僧曰:「二十年后祚尽矣。」至期明师果南下。至正十六年,黑井有毒龙,兴水溢井,损民居。莲峰建寺,书铁符沉井中,害息。又宁州有虎咥人,莲峰洒净水驱虎远去,明日虎果去。七月,元以四川廉访使蒲机云为云南诸路廉访使。至正癸卯二十三年三月,红巾贼明玉珍率其党李芝麻同弟明二等将兵三万攻云南。入金马山,梁王把匝剌瓦尔密奔楚雄。四月,梁王发中庆,至石碑村,红巾入城,梁王闻报,感而自咏云:「野无靑草有黄尘,道侧仍多战死人。触目伤心无限事,鸡山还似旧时春。」随命陜西参政车力帖木儿拒之,擒明二。时四方乘机窃发,群盗满山,功乃谋于外外杨智,字渊海者,同稽于卜,卜告吉。又得子宗、子秀兵至,功遂从梁王进兵,吕合败红巾于关滩江。红巾收合馀衂再战,杀段氏之骁将铁万户,又有江心庄人杨胜力战死。梁王为文祭之曰:「生于江心,为我门户,我旧不识,用备其数,能卫社稷,春秋与之,惟忠惟烈,尔则处之,噫! 义重于生,生必有死,丈夫之事,识者有几。愿气作山河,魂归苍洱,英杰复生,以保我之昆裔。」祭毕而哭,一军感泣。是夜,红巾屯古田寺,功令人焚寺,红巾乱,以铁骑捣之,死者大半,追至回蹬关,又大破之。副将谢得攻安宁,功力战杀二千人,谢得奔中庆。于夜功谍者拾得一书,乃明玉珍母寄珍书云:「自尔去后,老母平安,征云南务要得之。兵粮不足,随后发来,不可轻回。」功阅书,令杨智易其辞曰:「自尔去后,老母不安,臣下乱法。又闻中国人马入界,非止一处。尔须急回,迟则难保。大夏天统元年,太后平安书。」遂募亡命者赍书往。有打金箔人陈惠愿行,惟虑老母在。功许养其母,惠遂往。玉珍得书,挥之去令回报,迨夜,玉珍旋军。功追摄至七星关,大破其众。梁王回中庆,奏升功为云南行省平章,以主阿妻之。一日主与宴酣,歌『金指环』云:「将星挺生扶寳阙,寳阙金枝接玉叶。灵辉彻南北东西,皓皓中天光映月。玉文金印大如斗,犹唐贵主结配偶。父王永寿同碧鸡,豪杰长作擎天手。」功久居梁王府,嫡妻高夫人在大理作词寄功云:「风卷残云,九霄冉冉逐。龙池无偶,水云一片绿。寂寞倚帏屏,春雨纷纷促。蜀锦半间,鸳鸯独自宿,珊瑚枕冷,泪滴针穿目,好难禁。将军一去无度,身与影立,影与身独,盼将军只恐乐极生悲寃鬼哭。」至正二十四年春,功还大理,至洱海金鸡庙,夫人遣人适来报生子,功喜,作歌曰:「去时野火通山赤,凯歌回奏梁王怿。自冬抵此又阳春,时物变迁今又昔。归来草色绿无数,桃花正秾柳苞絮。杜鹃啼处日如年,声声只促人归去。」至正二十五年,功思新婚,欲往梁王所。员外杨智于壁间题诗留功,张希矫亦上书留行。功曰:「寳剑岂埋荒土物耶!」矫苦留不已,功怒流矫于顺州。顺州,前明属鹤庆府,今裁在永北厅城西一百二十里。唐时地名牛睒。遂与夫人别,倍道至中庆。梁王疑之,私议曰:「平章此来,得无有吞金马咽碧鸡之心。」其下有姤功者复谗构之。王与阿谋欲以孔雀胆毒功。私泄之,愿与西归。(今)〔令〕功周防,功不信。是年滇大旱,人言定远有禅僧连精,通瑜伽秘密敎,能降龙役鬼。启梁王,王遣人迎至,僧设坛祈雨,咒毕,钵中出一小蛇,遂大雨。王大喜,酬以金帛,辞,役鬼荷担,行空而去。顺帝丙午至正二十六年春,中原盗蠭起,临安廉访使支渭兴三恳休,梁王不允,遣使金闾慰,赐羔羊。渭兴自咏曰:「年高才薄忝淸流,欲挂朝冠不自由。且喜壮怀无诉谍,从敎行道有鸣驺。故园花木无由见,何日干戈定得休。九十春光还欲暮,放怀聊与醉金瓯。」重午节,梁王宫门外观射柳,随侍文武赐宴,支渭兴诗贺曰:「平地如席草如茵,少年将军酒半醺。朱鬣马穿人影过,绿杨枝逐箭锋分。旌旗色映宫前瓦,鼓角声飘海上云。何日鲸鲵倶授首,普天偃武共修文。」七月,梁王偕功东寺讲经,至通济桥,功马逸,王乘机令番将掖杀之。阿闻之恸哭曰:「昨灯下吾犹言,云南施宗施秀二人以胭花殡命,奈何不信。今果然。」命侍女锦被包之,以王礼敛送归大理。诗挽之云:「吾家住在雁门深,一片间云到滇海。心悬明月照靑天,靑天不语今三岁。黄嵩历乱苍山秋,误我一生踏里彩。华言锦被也。吐噜吐噜段阿奴,施宗施秀同奴歹。云片波潾不见人,押不芦花华言起死灵草也。颜色改。肉屏华言骆驼也。独坐细思量,西山铁立华言松林也。风潇洒。」功丧旣行,阿遂不食死,以殉焉。其家臣员外杨智渊海闻而亦死之。智临死诗曰:「半战功名百战身,不堪今日总红尘。死生自古皆由命,祸福于今岂怨人。蝴蝶梦残滇海月,杜鹃啼破点苍春。哀怜永诀云南土,絮酒还敎洒泪频。」明洪武间都督冯诚经功墓,亦歩原韵题诗,吊之曰:「田横五百剑孤身,转眼关山半委尘。北阙玉楼召客记,南滇粉壁说诗人。苍山夜黑云遮月,金马天寒鸟怨春。共惜平章迷绣幕,至今愁听水声频。」功死,长子宝自称平章,立于大理。功任蜀二十二年。 | |- |} ===Duan Bao《段宝 功之子 》=== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:80%;" |+ Duan Bao《段宝 功之子 》 |- ! scope="col" | Original ! scope="col" | Translation |- |段宝,于元顺帝丙午至正二十六年八月,因父功为梁王所害,遂自称平章,立于大理。是年,梁王开科取士,以支渭兴主试事。梁王复听谗,诛锄段族。梁段旣结仇,数数构兵。鹤庆知事杨升调和二家,自金鸡庙分界,南属梁王,北属段氏,力劝息兵,百姓稍宁。至正丁未二十七年四月,梁王生日,群臣称贺。王宴于昆明池上,省宪官献诗曰:「贤君添算宴嘉宾,幄殿先施巨海滨。万里晴天开绵绣,一川芳草踏麒麟。笙歌暖送金杯酒,铠仗寛围玉佩人。醉饱百官咸稽首,愿王高寿过千春。」中庆路土主庙圮,梁王重修,立牌纪事。先是,至正十二年庙为耆民杨光所修。至二十三年红巾贼入滇,陷中庆,毁民居,庙亦被焚。梁王欲并段氏,遣人剌宝,弗得。又令平章矢剌七攻大理,皆不克。乃遣使通好,奏授宝为云南右丞,以和之。红巾复入滇,梁王命叔铁木的罕赍敕借兵于宝,宝答书曰:「杀虎母还喂虎子,分狙栗自诈狙,公假途灭虢,献璧吞虞,金印玉书,设钓鱼之香饵,绣阁艳女,备揜雉之网罗。况平章已死,只遗一奴一獒,奴可配阿妃,獒可配华黎氏。二事许诺,当借大兵。不然,金马山换作点苍山,昆明海改作西洱海,兵来矣。」书后又附一诗云:「烽火狼烟信不符,骊山一举任枝梧。平章枉挂红罗帐,员外空题粉壁图。凤去岐山祥兆隐,麟戕大野瑞光无。自从界限鸿沟后,成败兴亡不属吾。」梁王读而深恨之。是年,明太祖取燕京,元顺帝北遁,元亡。明太祖戊申洪武元年,梁王复通好于宝,辞甚卑逊,宝许之和。时有蛮舍兴者,自元江攻入鄯阐,王惧欲出奔,宝以唇齿之故率兵救之,击走舍兴。王德宝,升为武定公。敕曰:「段宝归附而来,忠勤懋著,父子秉忠,征讨克捷,乃于戎马倥偬之中,干戈纷扰之际,不第远朝且兼平乱。宜示至优之数,以彰匡济之勋,兹特升宝为武定公,仍总管大理军民府。尔其不负初心,永保世爵,以光大尔赤城于无穷。宣光元年敕。」云云。宣光乃故元顺帝太子立于应昌年号也。太祖洪武辛亥四年,宝降于太祖,上奏云:「臣闻有天下者为天下之主,有列土者为列土之君。卑臣宝虽隔万里之遥,每切中原之向。大理有二帝三皇之后,一方九姓之传,汉晋六朝以来,大蒙国受封于前唐,残唐五季而终,二理国继守于两宋,臣祖思平等恪共藩复,贡礼屡修于中土,华风远畅于边隅。迨至故元,不尚仁义,专事暴残。顺帝已遁北方,梁王犹祸鄯阐。迩闻明主奉天承运,御极南京,中原太平,边徼宁乂。意者中国有圣人,履尭舜之正统,陋汉唐之浅图,天时人事然也。或命臣依汉唐故例,岁贡天朝,或仿元代职名,俾守旧土。庶深谷回阳,幽扄照日,八方浴德,六合同春,垂怜边境,救恤一方。欲修进贡,恐触明威,合待事体之定,专候圣旨之颁,谨此。」专差段贞、王伯鹘驰奏以闻。太祖诏谕答之。洪武五年,宝女兄名羌娜,小名僧奴,又名宝姑者,适建昌土官阿黎。先是,羌娜绣一旗,至是将嫁,以旗付宝嘱曰:「母常语我云尔父为梁王所害,必当报仇,惟望尔辈长大。我闻母言,故绣此旗已五年矣!今我嫁至夫家,收拾建昌、东川军马,飞报若到,女急来应,愼勿违焉。」临行,又以二诗别宝云:「珊瑚钩起出深闺,满目潸然泪湿衣。氷鉴银台前长大,金枝玉叶下芳菲。鸟飞兔走频来往,桂秀梅香不暂移。惆怅同胞未忍别,应知恨重点苍低。」「何彼秾兮花正红,香车独去洱河东。鸿飞雪岫难经目,风刺霜林易割胸。云白天高连水远,月新春叠与秋重。一作闺里绣旗寃父魄,天边提剑属儿曹。泪珠恰似通宵雨,千里关山几处逢。一作须知恨重苍山小,回首寒云千万重。」洪武辛酉十四年四月,国中巫女歌曰:「莫道君为山海主,山海笑谐谐。园中花谢千万朶,别有明主来。」数日,宝卒,子明袭。宝任职十四年。 | |- |} ===Duan Ming《段明 宝之子 》=== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:80%;" |+ Duan Ming《段明 宝之子 》 |- ! scope="col" | Original ! scope="col" | Translation |- |段明,明太祖洪武辛酉十四年四月袭,梁王授明为宣慰使。九月,明太祖命颖川侯溥友德,列侯曹正、王弼、金朝兴,都督郭英、张铨等,率师三十万征云南。帝出饯于龙江。友德至湖广,分遣都督胡海洋、陈桓等领兵五万,由四川永宁趋乌撒。友德等率大军由辰沅趋贵州。进攻普定,擒土酋安瓒,诸苗蛮犵狫闻风迎降。十二月,溥友德等兵至普安,攻下之,进至曲靖。先是,梁王把匝剌瓦尔密遣其司徒平章达里麻将精兵十馀万屯曲靖,以拒明师。沐英曰:「彼谓我师疲于深入,未有虞心,乃可破也。」友德然之,遂倍道进师。将至白石江,忽大雾四塞,冲雾及江而上。顷之雾雾,则两军相望,达里麻见之大惊,以为神军飞至,拥军阵于南岸。沐英分遣一军,沂流潜渡,出其阵后,吹铜角,树旗帜,为疑兵山谷间。达里麻急撤阵后,军以御之,上军阵乱。友德等趣师济江,一涌而渡,旣渡,整列进战。敌众披靡,生擒达里麻,横尸十馀里,俘其众二万人,友德悉慰遣之。友德进击乌撒,分遣沐英等趣云南。梁王闻达里麻破,弃城走晋宁州,忽忽纳岩,寻入滇池岛中,先缢其妃,自饮药不死,投水死之。父老收塟云南城西三十里浄耳山,土人立庙妙音寺侧。后至嘉靖间,拆庙材修社学,乃因旧址为小寺祀之。云南右丞观音保以城降。英等入城,秋毫无犯。收梁王金印并符信图籍,安抚其民。友德亦自曲靖循格孤山而北,以应永宁之兵。时元右丞实卜闻胡海洋等进自永宁,乃聚兵赤水河,以拒之。海洋等造木筏,夜半济河,而友德亦至,实卜遁去。友德令将士于乌撒筑城,版锸方具。蛮众复合,斩首三千馀级,馀众溃散。遂城乌撒,得七星关,以通毕节。又克可渡河,于是东川、乌蒙、芒部诸蛮震惧,望风降附。先是,洪武壬子五年正月,帝遣翰林待制王禕、行参政吴云持诏谕云南梁王,令奉版图来归。梁王初不从,后有降意。至洪武六年十二月,会元太子爱猷识里达刺立于汉北,使侍郞脱脱征饷于云南,脱脱觇知梁王有二心,因以危言逼王,杀使臣以绝其念,王遂杀禕,父老收尸塟地藏寺北。吴云奉使时,会梁王遣铁知院等二十人使沙漠,为边将所获,帝乃释二十人,令与云倶行。至沙塘口,二十人谋曰:「吾等奉使不达,被执而还,罪必死。」乃说云令胡服编发,诈为元使。又逼令改制书,共给梁王。云不从,以死自誓,亦被害。梁王遣人收云骨,塟给孤独寺,及事闻,帝震怒,故有是役。按:王禕字子充,浙江金华府义乌县人。建文时赐谥文节,永乐登极,凡建文设施尽革,遂削禕谥。后至正统中,义乌县丞刘杰奏请,加奉使云南死节臣恤典,禕赐谥文忠。吴云字友云,江苏常州府宜兴县人。至弘治中,赠谥忠节,并祀云南,敕赐为二忠祠。是年冬十二月,明卒,叔世袭。明任职一年。 | |- |段世 宝之弟,明之叔 | |- | 段(氏)〔世〕,明太祖壬戌洪武十五年袭。二月,世闻鄯阐破,梁王已死,又以沐英等兵略寻甸、临安、澄江、元江、楚雄、洱海,次第皆下,进逼大理,乃遣使致书,请依唐宋故事,奉正朔为外臣。友德不听,答书谕令速降。凡三致书,世怒,遂遣都使张元亨、州判李洪赴军前下战书。畧云:「鄯阐危甚登天,大理险倍投海。英如汉武,昔战仅置益州;雄若胡元,设官止于中庆。取之易而守之难,莫若依吾请乞册封,定为进贡,始为良策。吾实武人,不通经史,前代得失则餍闻也。恭惟麾下振耀皇威,功不亚于孔明,才克比于方叔。涤山川之旧染,历代所未有也。况吾与尔旣无杀父之仇,又无财债之怨,无故交战,真乃不祥。尔屯威楚,彼处之民有何罪焉?若耗人之食,是绝其命;取人之财,是刳其心;摅人妻女,是乱人伦,则吾之应,不得已也。爰念尔等皆中国之人,其中岂无一二达士。得此何益?不得何损?西南之地,号为不毛,易动难安。今春气渐暄,烟瘴渐起,不须杀尔,四五月间,雨霖河泛,尔粮尽气敝,十散九死。形如鬼魅,色如黑漆,欲活不能,汝之进退狼狈矣。莫若乘此,天晴地乾,早寻活路。宁作中原鬼,莫作边地魂,尔宜图之。后理国段明顿首。」书后继一诗云:「长驱虎旅势威宣,深入不毛取暴残。汉武故营旗影灭,唐宗遗垒角声寒。方今天下平犹易,自古云南守独难。拟欲华夷归一统,经纶度量必须寛。」友德、英等览书大怒,拘其使。左副将军蓝玉等率师径进,兵至品甸,世恃田庵和尚有术,列兵五万扼下关。沐英自将攻之,不克。乃命王弼,率兵出洱水之东,趋上关,英以兵缀下关,为犄角势。别遣胡海洋将一军夜度,从石门间绕道出点苍山后,縁崖而上张旗帜。迟明,英先驱,渡河斩关而入,海洋之师亦从山而下,腹背夹攻。世众惊溃,拔其城,世就擒,并执明之二子苴仁、苴义,时二月二十三日也。于是沐英等分兵取鹤庆、丽江,破石门关,荡金齿,所有摩、和泥、车里、品缅等部相率归附。又略建昌,故元平章月普帖木儿降。闰二月,赐云南各土官冠带及诰敕,使任本州岛知州等官。四月,乌撒、东川、芒部诸蛮复叛,溥友德、沐英会兵进讨,斩首三万馀级,诸蛮来降,云南悉平。以乌撒、乌蒙、芒部地近四川,分隶之。九月,土官杨苴等叛,紏众至二十万,攻云南城。都督谢熊、指挥冯诚婴城固守。沐英自乌撒移兵讨之,斩首六万馀级,擒四千馀人,诸部悉定。洪武癸亥十六年二月,故元右丞普颜笃同土酋高大一作天惠叛,据佛光砦。蔚按:佛光砦卽佛光山,山半有洞,可容万人。又名一女关。昔诸葛武侯曾擒孟获于此。在大理府浪穹县东二十里。也先不花叛,据邓川州。溥友德率郭英平之。又定蒙化州,过金沙江,攻北胜府,今永北厅。擒故元平章隔生。于是丽江府、拒津等州皆平,前后斩首一万三千级,蛮民降者四十万户。帝遣耿炳文谕溥友德、蓝玉等班师,沐英留镇云南,别命列侯王志、仇成、张龙分赴寻甸各府,缮城池,立屯堡,安辑人民。是年,械送世并明之二子苴仁、苴义赴京。世临行,以诗别故人杨朝彦云:「雄兵一日破重关,父子流离瞬息间。别后欲知相忆处,锦江流水彩潺潺。」洪武甲子十七年四月,溥友德等班师至京,论平云南功,进封溥友德为颖国公,胡海洋东川侯,陈桓普定侯,张翼鹤庆侯,蓝玉、仇成、王弼、张龙等并赐铁券,子孙世袭。吴复、金朝兴先卒,倶授世袭侯爵,铁券加禄并同。馀升职赐金帛有差。以世、苴仁、苴义见帝,帝诛其头目,谕苴仁、苴义及世曰:「尔祖宝,昔年曾有降表,朕不忍废。」乃授苴仁官雁门卫镇抚,赐名归仁,苴义官武昌卫镇抚,赐名归义。世任职一年,段氏世土,至此而绝。帝又封其族段保为云龙州土知州。 | |- |按:段氏袭总管十二世,起南宋理宗辛酉景定二年,为蒙古世祖中统二年,讫明太祖壬戌洪武十五年,共一百二十二年。 | |- |} ==Notable Officials from Nanzhao through the Generations《南诏历代名宦》== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:80%;" |+ Notable Officials from Nanzhao through the Generations《南诏历代名宦》 |- ! scope="col" | Original ! scope="col" | Translation |- |张元,汉元帝时守。 张翕,东汉明帝时守。 郑纯,同时。 王追,东汉顺帝时守。 王伉,后汉时永昌郡丞。 吕凯,同时永昌郡功曹。 前有文齐、吴霸、陈立,后有张亮、刘宠、犍为费诗,巴东马忠皆著勋绩。 李毅,晋惠帝光煕元年为宁州刺史,政治明达,五苓夷反时病卒,其女秀有父才,领州事。至怀帝时赠少府谥威侯。 王逊东,晋明帝大宁元年为晋宁守,华夷畏服。夷叛,死之。州人以中子坚领州事,官至平西安南将军。 | |- |汉盛览,字长通,叶楡今大理府太和县。人,受学司马相如,著赋心四卷。同时叶楡张叔,天资奇颖,书过目成诵。俗不知学,叔每病之。闻司马相如至若水,蔚按:『水经注』:若水南经云南郡之遂久县,县废,在今大理府宾川州城东北一百里,古称白门,置于汉时,今为金沙江巡检司地。遂负笈往从之,受经归敎乡人。 隗叔通,叶楡人,性至孝,母好饮江水,通日入江取水,维艰。滩水忽出平石,涉取甚便,人谓之孝子石。 东汉许叔,一作叔重。昆明人,明帝时入中国,受五经归,为本郡敎授。 尹珍,字道真,平彝人,桓帝时入中国,负笈从许愼受经学,还敎乡人。 唐尹仇寛,叶楡人,德宗贞元间为蒙氏淸平官,入朝陈地图,贡方物,唐拜为左散骑常侍,封高溪郡侯。 张志成,昆明人,文宗太和间入蜀,学王羲之草书,归敎国人。 元王升,昆明人,曲靖宣慰副使学政名时。 段文瑞,澄江人,读书尽孝,诏旌其门,仕至临安总管。 杨惠,楚雄人,孝母感神,诏旌其门。 张景云,昆明人,仕至临安经历。 陈宝,平彝人,仕至尚书。尹贡,南宁人,仕至尚书。以上三人皆德政名时。 元朝进士王楫、李近仁、段天祥、李天佑、李郁五人,皆三甲同进士出身。 | |- |} ==Ethnic Groups of Nanzhao== ===Baimin《白民》=== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:80%;" |+ Baimin《白民》 |- ! scope="col" | Original ! scope="col" | Translation |- |有阿白、白儿子、民家等名。白国之后,卽滇中之土著。妇女出门,携伞障面,谓之避嫌。宴客,切肉拌蒜,名曰食生。馀同汉人。女镶边衣,以银花银吊为饰。 |There is the '''Ā''' '''Bái (阿白)''', '''Bái Erzǐ''' ('''白儿子'''), '''Mínjiā''' ('''民家''') and other names. The descendants of the '''Bái Kingdom''' are precisely the indigenous peoples of Central Yunnan. [When] women go out, they bring an umbrella to block their faces, this is called '''Bìxián''' ('''避嫌; avoiding suspicion'''). [When] hosting a banquet, they cut meat and garlic, this is called '''Shíshēng''' ('''食生; eating raw'''). The rest are similar to Han people. Women wear embroidered clothes, they use silver flowers and silver hangings as decoration. |- |} ===Pu Ren《蒲人》=== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:80%;" |+ Pu Ren《蒲人 |- ! scope="col" | Original ! scope="col" | Translation |- |卽古百濮,周书所谓微卢彭濮也,后讹为蒲。质黑,鸟音。男子淸布褁头,衣套头衣,膝系黑滕;妇人挽发为髻,脑后戴靑绿磁珠,花布围腰,短裙,系海十数围。带刀弩长牌,不畏深渊,或浮以渡。婚娶长幼跳蹈,吹芦笙为孔雀舞,婿家立标竿,上悬彩绣荷包,中贮五谷银钱等者,两家男妇大小争缘取之,以得者为胜。又有野蒲、普蛮、朴子蛮等类,性尤凶悍,男子以布二幅结于左胁,另用布一幅合缝挂身;以红布搭右肩蔽腰以下。今顺宁府多此种。 |Anciently this was the '''Baipu (百濮)''', the '''Book of Zhou (周書)''' mentions the '''Wēi''' '''(微), Lú''' '''(卢),''' '''Péng''' '''(彭)''' and '''Pú''' '''(濮)'''. Later errors [turned it] into '''Pú (蒲)'''. By nature they are black and their language [resembles] birds. Men wrap clean/clear<ref>Likely referring to white cloth.</ref> cloth on their head and dress in tunic garments that are put over the head. They bind their knees with black rattan. Women roll up [their] hair as a topknot. At the back of the head, they wear clear blue-green porcelain beads. Printed cloth encircles the waist; they wear short skirts, connecting abundantly ten [or more] encirclements. They carry knives, bows and long shields. They are unafraid of deep abysses perhap even floating across it. At wedding ceremonies old and young alike jump and stamp, they play the reed pipe for the '''peacock dance'''. At the bridegroom's house they erect a pole, on it a bright embroidered purse is hung. Inside it stores the five crops, silver coins and other things. The two families of men and women, old and young, vie to fetch it. Once obtained, the person is victorious. Once more, there is the '''Wild Pú (野蒲), Pŭ mán (普蛮)''', '''Pú Zǐ mán (朴子蛮)''' and other types. Their nature is outstandingly fierce. The men tie two lengths of cloth at the left flank, [and] another length of cloth is stitched together and hangs off the body. There is red cloth to hang on the right shoulder to cover the body below the waist. Nowadays '''Shùnníng''' '''(顺宁)''' prefecture has many people of this type.<ref>Modern Day Fengqing County in Southwestern Yunnan. 鳳慶縣. Historically close to the Wa peoples and Austroasiatic population.</ref> |- |} ===Bo Ren《僰人》=== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:80%;" |+ Pu Ren《蒲人 |- ! scope="col" | Original ! scope="col" | Translation |- |一名百夷,又名摆夷。性耐暑热,居多在棘下。本澜沧江外夷人。有水旱二种:水僰夷近水好浴,剃后发,蓄前发,盘髻如瓢,故又名瓢头僰夷;旱僰夷山居耕猎,又名汉僰夷。男靑布褁头,簪花;妇女不施胭粉,自然白晳,盘发辫,红绿包头,饰以五彩线须,衣五色衣,桶裙绣边。其俗贱女贵男,头目妻数百人,庶民亦数十,耕织贸易,皆妇人任之。凡婚娶,男女相悦而议聘,一成匹配,不肃而严。如夫妇不睦,听夫付之一物为凭,然后改适。有邪术,能使男子千里不忘,其法不外传也。 | |- |} ===Lahu《猓猡》=== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:80%;" |+ Lahu《猓猡》 |- ! scope="col" | Original ! scope="col" | Translation |- |爨蛮卢鹿之裔,猓猡其讹音也。以五月为春。信鬼尚巫,巫有大觋皤,拜禡白马之号。卜用雄鸡两髀骨,骨有细窍,刺以竹签,视多寡向背之势以定吉凶。其部长妻曰耐得,勇士曰苴可。每岁六月廿四日,名火把节,燃松炬,照村砦田庐。男椎髻镊须,耳环佩刀;妇披发短衣,桶裙,披羊皮。 | |- |} ===Bai Lahu《白猓猡》=== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:80%;" |+ Bai Lahu《白猓猡》 |- ! scope="col" | Original ! scope="col" | Translation |- |一名撒马都,卽西爨白蛮。知读书,能文字,舌音淸便,多冒汉人。见尊长披羊皮,故嫁女授羊皮一帐。短衣革履,胸挂花包。妇人花衣桶裙,靑布蒙头,饰以海贝、锡铃。 | |- |} ===Hei Lahu《黑猓猡》=== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:80%;" |+ Hei Lahu《黑猓猡》 |- ! scope="col" | Original ! scope="col" | Translation |- |卽东爨乌蛮。其祝以铃,其占以草。男挽发贯耳,披毡佩刀;妇人贵者衣套头衣,方领如井字,无襟带,自头罩下,长曳地尺许,披黑羊皮,饰以铃索。 | |- |} ===Qian Lahu《乾猓猡》=== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:80%;" |+ Hei Lahu《黑猓猡》 |- ! scope="col" | Original ! scope="col" | Translation |- |以山居得名。每食插筯饭中,仰天跪拜为报本。好勇喜斗,杀人偿以财。服饰同黑猓猡,妇人项挂一羊毛筐,行住纽毛为绵。以织毯。 | |- |} ===Hai Lahu《海猓猡》=== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:80%;" |+ Hai Lahu《黑猓猡》 |- ! scope="col" | Original ! scope="col" | Translation |- |一名坝猓猡,以种水田得名。盖土人以水为海,以平田为坝也。居家俭朴,知读书。服饰如汉人,妇如白猓猡。 | |- |} ===Miao Lahu《妙猓猡》=== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:80%;" |+ Miao Lahu《黑猓猡》 |- ! scope="col" | Original ! scope="col" | Translation |- |多土官之裔,有营长、官奴、火头等称。男挽发贯耳;妇人桶裙无裤,穿套头衣,前不揜胫,后长曳地,衣边火焰,弯曲如旗尾。居茅舍,中堂作火炉,父子妇姑,围炉而卧。又有一种,戴鹊帽者,名猓落蛮;白布褁胫者,曰白脚猓猡。 | |- |} ===Ge Lahu《葛猓猡》=== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:80%;" |+ Ge Lahu《黑猓猡》 |- ! scope="col" | Original ! scope="col" | Translation |- |一名大头猓猡。男以靑布丈许裹发为大头,女戴布花线箍。婚嫁步行,妇避伯,不避翁。亦有顶盔擐甲,乘马佩刀,以劫抢为生者。然居家尊卑有序,会食以跪为敬。 | |- |} ===Azhela Lahu《阿者猓猡》=== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:80%;" |+ Azhela Lahu《阿者猓猡》 |- ! scope="col" | Original ! scope="col" | Translation |- |男女皆耳环手钏,衣短裤,披羊皮。婚娶,婿亲负女以归。 |Men and women each wear earrings and hand bracelets. Their clothes are short pants with sheepskin drapes. At weedings, the bridegroom's realtives carry the women back. |- |} ===Awu Lahu《阿乌猓猡》=== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:80%;" |+ Awu Lahu《阿乌猓猡》 |- ! scope="col" | Original ! scope="col" | Translation |- |性狡好獵。多蓄牛羊。每砦設官房一所,婚嫁並集其中。男短衣,女長衣,倶裹頭,貫耳,出入帶刀弩。 |They are cunning in nature and fond of hunting. They raise many cattle and sheep. Every stockaded settlement has an official building for marriages to be held within. Men's clothes are short, women's clothes are long. Both wrap their heads, pierce their ears. When going out, they carry knives and bows. |- |} ===Luwu Lahu《鲁屋猓猡》=== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:80%;" |+ Azhela Lahu《黑猓猡》 |- ! scope="col" | Original ! scope="col" | Translation |- |耕种射猎为生。男短衣木屐,女长裙跣足。 |They make a living by cultivation, shooting and hunting. Men wear short garments and wooden clogs, women wear long skirts and tread barefoot. |- |} ===Sami Lahu《撒米猓猡 》=== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:80%;" |+ Sami Lahu《撒米猓猡 》 |- ! scope="col" | Original ! scope="col" | Translation |- |居山,耕瘠负薪,近水,捕鱼时给。面多黧黑,男挽发如鬏,毛褐被毡,佩短刀。女披靑布单,短裙,长裤。又有鲁兀、老乌、撒完、洒泥、阿蝎、阿系等类,衣饰风俗畧同。 | |- |} ===Liaowu Lahu《老牾猓猡 》=== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:80%;" |+ Liaowu Lahu《老牾猓猡 》 |- ! scope="col" | Original ! scope="col" | Translation |- |卽罗婺,又名罗午、罗武。男披发贯耳,披毡佩刀,穿火草布衣;女辫髪垂肩,饰以海贝砗磲,穿火草布裙。无床帏被褥,以松毛籍地而卧。 | |- |} ===Lahu Hei《猓黑 》=== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:80%;" |+ Lahu Hei《猓黑 》 |- ! scope="col" | Original ! scope="col" | Translation |- |蒲蛮别种。择丛篁深处,结茅而居。蜂虫鼠蛤,无所不食,以荞稗为上品。又有大猓黑、小猓黑,岩居野处,猿猱同类。 | |- |} ===Putu《普特》=== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:80%;" |+ Putu《普特》 |- ! scope="col" | Original ! scope="col" | Translation |- |以渔为业,舟不盈丈,而炊爨、牲畜、资生之具,无不咸备。泅水出没,口衔手捉,皆巨鱼也。今云南府省城西碧鸡山下,多有此种。 | |- |} ===Diyang Gui《地羊鬼 》=== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:80%;" |+Diyang Gui《地羊鬼 》 |- ! scope="col" | Original ! scope="col" | Translation |- |亦僰人类也。短发黄睛,奸狡嗜利。与人相仇,能行妖术,以木石易人心肾,或以一帚系衣后,变形为象、马、猪、羊、猫、犬等物。稍畏惧之,卽为所魅,入人腹中,食五脏,或潜至人家,偷窃财物,食婴儿。知者一手捉之,一手痛殴,必复为人,夺其帚縻之,彼必以家赀之半匄脱。或有娶其女者,夫每出,必问归期,卽饵以毒,如期而归,更以药觧,否则毒发而死。交易失信,及私窥其要女者,必毒之。此种元江州为甚。 | |- |} ===Wo Ni《窝泥》=== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:80%;" |+Wo Ni《窝泥》 |- ! scope="col" | Original ! scope="col" | Translation |- |有和泥、(干)〔斡〕泥、哈泥、路弼等名。黑白两种,风俗畧同。男戴麦杆帽,穿火草布衣,耳环,跣足;妇女辫发数绺,海贝、杂珠,盘旋为髻,套衣桶裙。善养猪,其猪小耳短身,长不过三十筋,肉肥腯,名窝泥猪。婚用媒妁,路遇野兽,则返而他求。嫁则以红藤束膝为识。勤生啬用,每积贝一百二十索为一窖,临死嘱其子曰:「积贝若干,汝取某窖,馀留我为来生用。」死则以雌雄鸡各一殉。又有一种名糯比,与此同,其生者名哥泥,亦名瓦黑,好勇尚斗,能咒人使病。 | |- |} ===Achang《阿昌》=== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:80%;" |+Achang《阿昌》 |- ! scope="col" | Original ! scope="col" | Translation |- |一名峨昌。男短衣披布单,女长衣无裤,腰缠红藤。占用竹三十三枝,畧如筮仪。嗜酒,觅禽兽虫豸生啖之。旧俗兄死弟妻嫂,后有罗扳砦百夫长早正死,其妻方艾自誓不失节,饿而死,其风遂革。又有小阿昌,其俗畧同。 |One [other] name is '''Echang''' ('''峨昌'''). The men wear short jackets and drape a cloth over themselves. Women wear long clothes without trousers and wrap red rattan around their waist. They use thirty-three bamboo sticks for divination like the '''Shiyi''' ('''筮仪'''). They have a strong liking for alcohol and they seek birds, insects, and animals to eat them raw. Their old customs say, the death of an older brother sees the younger brother take the sister-in-law as his own wife. Later, '''Fang Ai''' ('''方艾'''), the wife of '''Zao Zheng''' ('''早正'''), a centurion of the '''Luoban Stockade''' ('''羅扳砦'''), vowed to maintain her chastity and starved to death, after which this custom was reformed. There is also the Lesser Achang, whose customs are the same. |- |} ===Acheng《阿成》=== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:80%;" |+Acheng《阿成》 |- ! scope="col" | Original ! scope="col" | Translation |- |男短衣,女桶裙,以树皮代瓦。婚用牛羊,至女家以水泼女足为定。 | |- |} ===Biju《比苴》=== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:80%;" |+Biju《比苴》 |- ! scope="col" | Original ! scope="col" | Translation |- |僰夷别种。男耳环革屐,女白帨束发,缠叠如仰螺。构楼而居近水,极寒犹浴。丧尚绯,夫死,妻不再嫁,名曰鬼妻。又有白布缠足者,名白脚僰夷,亦名孔荅;茜齿,文身,髠者,名光头僰夷;额上黥刺月牙纹,盖习车里之俗,所谓雕题也。 | |- |} ===Heipu《黑舗 》=== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:80%;" |+Heipu《黑舗 》 |- ! scope="col" | Original ! scope="col" | Translation |- |亦名黑普,俗同窝泥,形容黧黑,怕见汉人。畜山羊,作竹器,一切床几櫈杌,备极精巧。 | |- |} ===Heiqian Yi《黑乾夷 》=== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:80%;" |+Heiqian Yi《黑乾夷 》 |- ! scope="col" | Original ! scope="col" | Translation |- |男椎髻麻衣,耳环垂肩;女以毛褐细带,编如筛罩,首饰以海贝、砗磲,衣领亦然。婚配,男吹芦笙,女弹口琴,唱和调悦,先野合,后媒妁。 | |- |} ===Shansu《山苏》=== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:80%;" |+Shansu《山苏》 |- ! scope="col" | Original ! scope="col" | Translation |- |男披发跣足,女椎髻蒙头。语似鸟音,形如猿猴。潜居深山,种荞、麻,或工或猎,夷中之最苦者。 | |- |} ===Chusu《车苏》=== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:80%;" |+Chusu《车苏》 |- ! scope="col" | Original ! scope="col" | Translation |- |亦名扯苏,傍岩临水。男短衣皮履,女长裙无裤。种荞稗,绩线为业,以羊毛占(睛)〔晴〕雨。 | |- |} ===Laji《喇鸡》=== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:80%;" |+Laji《喇鸡》 |- ! scope="col" | Original ! scope="col" | Translation |- |亦名喇记。黑布帽白衫。好楼居,孟春作土主会,客至,掘鼠及虾蟆为敬。其在交趾者,男善枪,女善弩,多充交兵。又有白喇鸡,男女倶穿五色氆氇,食山虫、水蛇等物。 | |- |} ===Lawu《喇五 》=== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:80%;" |+Lawu《喇五 》 |- ! scope="col" | Original ! scope="col" | Translation |- |亦曰喇乌,又曰喇鲁。男如摆夷,女如窝泥,构楼临水而居。上人下畜,名曰掌房。其在腾越州者,食巨蟒、毒虫,或取蜂糟食之。 | |- |} ===Manla《獛喇 》=== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:80%;" |+Manla《獛喇 》 |- ! scope="col" | Original ! scope="col" | Translation |- |男插鸡毛,女裹首巾,皆披羊皮,不浣濯。婚配先野合。每采蒙肚花蒙肚花树皮如藓,能毒人。生景东厅,今不产矣。欲人醉死则醉采,欲人狂死则狂采,以毒人。又一种在王弄山者,名马喇 | |- |} ===Hala《哈喇 》=== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:80%;" |+Hala《哈喇》 |- | colspan="2" |'''Research Commentary'''<br> This is likely one of the autonyms for the Wa people transcribed by the Chinese who normally did not standardize it between 哈喇 (Hālā), 哈瓦 (Hāwǎ), or 嘎剌 (Gālǎ).<br>'''Supporting Primary Sources:''' {| class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:100%; border-collapse:collapse; background:transparent;" |- ! style="text-align:center; cursor:pointer;" | [Show/Hide Source Commentaries] |- | class="mw-collapsible-content" | {| class="wikitable" style="width:100%; text-align:left; margin:0;" |- ! scope="col" style="background:#f2f2f2;" | Source 1: Baiyizhuan |- | The Hala《哈喇》have been mentioned in the [[Wikibooks|Baiyizhuan]]. {{quote|text='''Hālà''' ('''哈剌'''), men and women are [both] black, truly black. Men use printed cloth<ref>g</ref> for covering themselves, also which the One Hundred bararians effectively manufacture; married women have top knots behind [their head]. It is tied at the back of their neck with various pearls and beads. '''Suō luó''' ('''娑罗''')<ref>'''Sarong''' today, however this appears to be a complex term with many copyediting issues historically, Brahmin drapes, Suoluolong, eventually describing a type of silk-cottob robe made from plant materials.</ref> are draped around their bodies as clothes, horizontally it connected at the waist and lower back as a skirt. ('''Suō luóbù pī''' ('''娑罗布披''') namely is the Chinese Cotton Tree (Bombax Ceiba) cloth, strong and thick, possibly weaved as blue, red patterns.) Yet it encircles black rattan several hundred times, wrapped at the waist and lower back, it wraps around [their leg] to be used as a blue printed cloth [as they're] barefoot. ([Used amongst the] Pú mán (蒲蠻), āchāng (阿昌), shì jiàn (事見)<ref>Only said once in the document and not obvious to allusions elsewhere. </ref>; [according to the] The Yunnan Gazeteer<ref>Written by Fan Chuo of the 9th century, also known as 蛮书 (Barbarian Document)</ref>.)}} |- ! scope="col" style="background:#f2f2f2;" | Source 2: Dian Lue 《滇略》 |- | The Hala《(哈喇) are listed among the list of indigenous groups of the Yunnan border region in Volume 9 (卷九). In this text the group is written in with the Gula (古剌){{quote|text=「其類有小伯、夷大伯、夷蒲人、阿昌漂人、'''古刺哈喇''''、緬人、結𣆟<!--Jiexie continution, but this is 17th century -->、遮...」}} |- ! scope="col" style="background:#f2f2f2;" | Source 3: Dushi Fangyu Jiyao |- | Hala is listed as bordering the Tai polity of Möng Yang. {{quote|text=「戛里。在司西南,孟養別部也。又有'''哈喇杜諸蠻,皆近孟養'''、緬甸之境。」<br>'''English''': Kalay. Located to the Southwest Pacification Commission, it is a district of Möng Yang. There are also Hala Barbarian tribes, who all are close to Möng Yang, at the border of Myanmar.}} |- ! scope="col" style="background:#f2f2f2;" | Source 4: Illustrated History of Yunan |- | They are mentioned under Tengchong Military and Civilian Prefectural Command (騰衝軍民指揮使司) {{quote|They construct wooden nests to live in. (The Hala Man (哈剌蠻) have given names but no family names. Their appearances are crude and their bodies are dark. Their clothing and diet are similar to the Pu Man (蒲蠻), but their nature is gentle and timid. Fearing government officials, they live in nests built in the mountains and practice slash-and-burn agriculture. They grow mostly dry-land grains. Some of the men shave their heads, and all wear hats made of bamboo shoot sheaths.}} |- |} |} |- ! scope="col" | Original ! scope="col" | Translation |- |男女黑色,不知盥栉。妇女红黑藤缠腰数十围,产子以竹兜盛之,负于肩。又有古喇、杜喇,色尤甚,言语不通,略似人形而已。 |Men and women are black in complexion and do not know how to wash or comb. Women use red-black rattan to bind around their waist 10 or so times. When they give birth, the child goes in a bamboo cradle carried on their shoulders. There are the <strong>Gǔlǎ (古喇)</strong>、<strong>Dùlǎ (杜喇)</strong>, who have complexions outstandingly dark. Their speech is unintelligible [to the author], they only barely appear human in appearance. |- |} ===Jiala《戞喇》=== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:80%;" |+Jiala《戞喇》 |- ! scope="col" | Original ! scope="col" | Translation |- |悍好猎,居山巅,户不正出,迎山开门,不留馀粟。 |They fiercely enjoy hunting and reside on mountain summits. Their doors do not face directly outward but face to face open towards the mountains. They do not retain any surplus grain. |- |} ===Kala《卡喇》=== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:80%;" |+Kala《卡喇 |- ! scope="col" | Original ! scope="col" | Translation |- |亦曰卡腊,男穿耳挽发,佩短刀;女短衣无裤,胫著彩色折裤。聚族而居,耕种鬻薪。 |Also known as '''Kǎlà (卡腊)''', men pierce their ears, tie their hair and wear short knives. Women wear short clothes without trousers and brightly coloured, multi-coloured folded leggings on their shins. They reside in clan communities, cultivating and selling firewood. |- |} ===Kasui《卡隋》=== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:80%;" |+Kasui《卡隋》 |- ! scope="col" | Original ! scope="col" | Translation |- |亦名卡高,性顽钝,喜歌舞。男女多野合。婚娶通媒妁之日,议聘金,多至数百。娶后子孙犹有代祖父偿聘金者。 | |- |} ===Kawa《卡瓦》=== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:80%;" |+Kawa《卡瓦》 |- | colspan="2" |'''Research Commentary'''<br> According to [[:Zh:W:佤族|Chinese sources]], the '''Kawa (卡瓦)''' were the Wa people who practiced Headhunting as a tradition. This is opposed to the '''Kala(卡喇)''', who had abolished the tradition of headhunting and were influenced by the Shan states.<br>'''Supporting Primary Sources:''' {| class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:100%; border-collapse:collapse; background:transparent;" |- ! style="text-align:center; cursor:pointer;" | [Show/Hide Source Commentaries] |- | class="mw-collapsible-content" | {| class="wikitable" style="width:100%; text-align:left; margin:0;" |- ! scope="col" style="background:#f2f2f2;" | Source 1: |- | Comment |- ! scope="col" style="background:#f2f2f2;" | Source 2 |- | Comment |- ! scope="col" style="background:#f2f2f2;" | Source 3 |- | Comment |} |} |- ! scope="col" | Original ! scope="col" | Translation |- |多在顺宁、永昌二郡,辣蒜江外。貌()〔丑〕性恶,猎人以祭。商贾出腾越州,入木邦者必经其地,呼为卡利瓦。有生熟二种,生者劫掠,熟者保路。 | |- |} ===Xifan《西番》=== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:80%;" |Xifan《西番》 |- ! scope="col" | Original ! scope="col" | Translation |- |卽土番,亦名巴苴,居金沙江边。性悍戾,善弩,男女辫发百绺,不知栉沭。男以藤缠左肘,披琵琶毡,暑热不脱;女以海贝砗磲磁珠饰于项。又有野西番,更不可制。 | |- |} ===Guzong《古宗》=== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:80%;" |Guzong《古宗》 |- ! scope="col" | Original ! scope="col" | Translation |- |一名狤猔,西番别种。皆辫发百绺,男戴红缨,穿氆氇,挂铜铃佩刀,女饰以珊瑚、银泡,披腊瓦被单,皆穿乌拉鞾。经年一栉,栉必牲祭。春夏种荞稗,秋冬赶牛马,取牛羊乳酥,调油茶而食,名曰ø。又有小古宗,喜猎饮酒,馀畧同。 | |- |} ===Kuceng《苦葱》=== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:80%;" |Kuceng《苦葱》 |- ! scope="col" | Original ! scope="col" | Translation |- |面丑。男麻衣短裤,女短衣桶裙,亦有衣裤相连者。耕山采薬为生。所佩环手篐,自幼至老不释,死以殉。 | |- |} ===Mo《摩》=== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:80%;" |Mo《摩》 |- ! scope="col" | Original ! scope="col" | Translation |- |乌蛮别种。性湻朴,鸟音,男剃发戴帽,长领布衣;女高髻,或戴黑漆尖帽,短衣长裙。畜牛羊,产射香。同类仇杀,妇女登场一劝卽止。岁暮杀牛羊相邀,一客不至为耻。今有读书入泮者。 | |- |} ===Li《力》=== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:80%;" |Li《力》 |- ! scope="col" | Original ! scope="col" | Translation |- |卽。衣麻,披毡,岩居穴处。利刀毒矢,刻不离身,登山捷若猿猱。以土和蜜充饥,得野兽卽生食。尤善弩,每令其妇负小木盾前行,自后射之,中盾而不伤妇,以此制服西番。野力披发插羽,尤悍。 | |- |} ===Zhe《遮》=== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:80%;" |Zhe《遮》 |- ! scope="col" | Original ! scope="col" | Translation |- |男女皆穿耳,挽发。喜华彩衣,盘旋蔽体。每饮食必精洁。而长于弓弩,尤善鸟铳。 | |- |} ===Jiezi《羯子》=== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:80%;" |Jiezi《羯子》 |- ! scope="col" | Original ! scope="col" | Translation |- |自孟养流入。环眼鸟队,散发,缠藤,耳带大环,首插鸡羽,无衣裤,腹下以麻布一幅围之。负弩佩刀,喊声如犬。又有结,耳带象牙大环,红布围头,衣半身衫,袒右臂,亦其类也。 | |- |} ===Muji《拇鸡》=== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:80%;" |Jiezi《羯子》 |- ! scope="col" | Original ! scope="col" | Translation |- |亦作。形丑恶,妇女尤甚。椎髻插羽,佩刀负弩。猎食猿狙。见人有蓄,思盗,先用鸡骨卜,吉则徃,否则止。 | |- |} ===Mocha《摩察》=== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:80%;" |Mocha《摩察》 |- ! scope="col" | Original ! scope="col" | Translation |- |亦名木察。束发耳环,披毡佩刀,执木弩、药矢,猎取禽兽。妇人皂布蒙头,饰以海贝,长裙细折,多至二十馀幅,前后无衩,名曰桶裙。 | |- |} ===Manqie《嫚且》=== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:80%;" |Manqie《嫚且》 |- ! scope="col" | Original ! scope="col" | Translation |- |亦名木察。束发耳环,披毡佩刀,执木弩、药矢,猎取禽兽。妇人皂布蒙头,饰以海贝,长裙细折,多至二十馀幅,前后无衩,名曰桶裙。 | |- |} ===Local People《土人》=== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:80%;" |Local People《土人》 |- ! scope="col" | Original ! scope="col" | Translation |- |(思)〔男〕絮袄佩刀弩,女披毡朿皮索,饥则紧缚之。婚姻以刀甲为聘,披发见舅姑。有争者告天,沸汤投物,以手捉之,曲则糜烂,直者无恙。 | |- |} ===Nong ren《侬人》=== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:80%;" |Nong ren《侬人》 |- ! scope="col" | Original ! scope="col" | Translation |- |侬智高部落之裔。男束发短衣,女短衣密扣,腰缠红裹肚。性狡,漆齿,出入佩刀,长技在铳。 | |- |} ===Sha ren《沙人 》=== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:80%;" |Sha ren《沙人 》 |- ! scope="col" | Original ! scope="col" | Translation |- |越析夷也,又名蒙嶲。男辫发长衣,女以挑花白布蒙头,腰围红布。出入佩刀,耕田、射猎,所居掌房。丧服用红,祭肉弃不食。又有黑沙人,白沙人。聘用牛,旣婚之夕,男女不同室,及回女家,有娠方归。 | |- |} ===Luo ren《𤡑人 》=== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:80%;" |Luo ren《𤡑人 》 |- ! scope="col" | Original ! scope="col" | Translation |- |男束发披毡,女短衣露腹,缠红藤,腰系沙罗布裙,上短下长,男女同耕。 | |- |} ===Cun ren《狆人》=== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:80%;" |Cun ren《狆人》 |- ! scope="col" | Original ! scope="col" | Translation |- |男缠头跣足,女靑布缠头,畧如僧帽,缀以海贝,彩布衣裙,著大尖鞋。构楼而居,甘犬嗜鼠。又有罗缅、麦岔、叠吗、喇毛等类,顽良不一,衣饰风俗同 | |- |} ===Nu ren《怒人》=== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:80%;" |Nu ren《怒人》 |- ! scope="col" | Original ! scope="col" | Translation |- |居永昌怒江内外。其江深险,四序皆燠,赤地生烟。每二月瘴气腾空,两堤草头交结不开,名交头瘴。男子面多黄瘦,刚狠好杀猎,或采黄连为生,鲜及中寿。妇人披发红藤勒首。每年贡麂皮二十张、山驴皮十张、黄蜡八十筋、麻布三十庹,以代赋税。 | |- |} ===Luo ren《𤞰人》=== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:80%;" |Luo ren《𤞰人》 |- ! scope="col" | Original ! scope="col" | Translation |- |丽江府鹤庆州大雪山外。男女披发,树叶为衣,耳穿七孔,坠以木环。与怒人接壤,畏怒人,不敢越界。 | |- |} ===Wild people《野人》=== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:80%;" |Wild people《野人》 |- ! scope="col" | Original ! scope="col" | Translation |- |永昌界外。居无室庐,宿于树巅。赤发黄睛,首戴骨圏,插雉羽,手足腹皆缠红藤,以幅布或树皮揜下体。勾刀大刃,捕禽兽蛇虫,生食之。逢人卽杀。 |They border outside of '''Yǒngchāng (永昌)'''. They reside without houses and or dwellings, lodging in tree canopies. Their hair is red, and their eyes are yellow; they wear bone rings on their head and stick ringed peasant feathers [into them]. Their hands, feet and waist are all bound with red rattan. They cover their lower bodies with a length of cloth or tree bark. They use hooked knives with large blades to birds, animals, snakes and insects, eating them raw. They promptly kill whoever they encounter. |- |} ===Laodao《老挝》=== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:80%;" |Laodao《老挝》 |- ! scope="col" | Original ! scope="col" | Translation |- |南掌国夷类。戴藤篾黑漆帽,宽二尺许,短衣无裤,用杂色布一疋,从膝下兜绕,围结胸前,名打抄子。妇女耳贯大黑漆圏,塞以野花。 | |- |} ===Liemi《列密》=== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:80%;" |Liemi《列密 |- ! scope="col" | Original ! scope="col" | Translation |- |卽利米。刀耕火种,精射猎,得鼠雀生啖之。男篾帽皂衣,女辫发赤足。出外披花布,以蔽其身。 | |- |} ===Lama《喇嘛》=== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:80%;" |Lama《喇嘛》 |- ! scope="col" | Original ! scope="col" | Translation |- |丽江、鹤庆多有之。来自西藏,招本境摩为徒。有红黄二敎,红弱黄强。毡帽褊衫,各如其色。 | |- |} ===Miaozhi《苗子》=== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:80%;" |Miaozhi《苗子》 |- ! scope="col" | Original ! scope="col" | Translation |- |三苗之后,有九种,黔省最多,流入滇中者,惟仲家花苗而已。束发耳环,未婚者缚楮皮于额,或插鸡毛。女布冠套头衣,桶裙,皆用五彩桃花布为之。每岁孟春跳月,男吹芦笙,女振铃唱和,并肩舞蹈,终日不倦。或以彩为球,视所欢者掷之,暮则同归,比晓乃散,然后议婚。节序击铜鼓,吹呐叭,聚赛神,书契惟数目字,及六十花甲子同,馀不同。 | |- |} ===Tuliao《土獠》=== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:80%;" |Tuliao《土獠 |- ! scope="col" | Original ! scope="col" | Translation |- |其属本在黔、蜀、粤西之交,流入滇中。男首裹靑布,白衣领缀红布一方,妇人冠红巾,衣花绣。性粗桀,好蛊魔之术,其虫夜飞如星,光芒摇曳,射入窓棂,触者病。 | |- |} ===Jiaoren《交人》=== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:80%;" |Jiaoren《交人》 |- ! scope="col" | Original ! scope="col" | Translation |- |安南国之类。男箬笠蕉扇,衣裳楚楚;女面貌颇雅,手贯牙钏,长衣长裙,以红帕蒙头,皆辫发靸鞋。读诗书习礼,仪婚丧之事,倶仿中国。 | |- |} ===Burmese people《缅人》=== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:80%;" |Miaozhi《苗子》 |- ! scope="col" | Original ! scope="col" | Translation |- |缅甸国流入者。有老缅、阿瓦、猛别、雍会、普干、摆古、得楞子等类。长于鸟铳,其火药用麦面傅之,迅疾无声。又有缅目者,称为莽纪,断发文身,漆齿穿耳,蟒衣跣足,头带红缎一方,性喜花草。 | |- |} ==References== {{reflist}} [[Category:Chinese literature]] [[Category:Non-fiction books]] [[Category:Medieval historical works]] [[Category:Works originally in Chinese]] [[Category:Pages with foreign language text]] [[Category:Indigenous peoples]] [[Category:Guidebooks]] [[Category:History of China]] [[Category:Wars]] [[Category:Diplomacy of China]] [[Category:Subject:Military history]] [[zh:蛮书]] 56ubulpa0u3v58gdi0uohpsfn1tu4we User talk:ILYA125467 3 486432 4679421 4678807 2026-11-01T08:48:24Z ILYA125467 3627024 4679421 wikitext text/x-wiki <font face=Cooper Black><font size=5>'''Welcome to my discussion page! If you have somothing to tell me, this is the place to do it.'''</font>⸻[[User:ILYA125467|'''''ILYA125467''''']] ([[User_talk:ILYA125467|discuss]] | [[Special:Contributions/ILYA125467|contribs]])<br><br><font size=5>[{{fullurl:User_talk:ILYA125467|action=edit&section=new Add new topic}}]</font></font> ==Welcome!== {| style="background:white; border:1px solid #abd5f5;; padding:0px; border-spacing:0px; color: #000000;" ! style="background:#d0e5f5; color: #000000;" | [[Wikibooks:Welcome|Getting started]] with Wikibooks |- | style="padding:5px;" | * Wikibooks is a collection of open-source textbooks. Find out [[WB:WIW|what this means]]. * To sign your name (on discussion pages), use four tildes, like this: &#126;&#126;&#126;&#126; * Learn how to [[Using Wikibooks|use Wikibooks]] and learn more about the community. * [[WB:CCO|Explore]], [[Wikibooks:Be bold|be bold]], and have fun! |} If you have any questions, you can ask in the [[Wikibooks:Reading room/Assistance|assistance reading room]] or possibly contact me personally. [[User:TechVindicator|TechVindicator]] ([[User talk:TechVindicator|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/TechVindicator|contribs]]) 23:45, 19 October 2026 (UTC) m8kyfsh07apabwk0nczcnw6q11qh15l Create Vampires/How Popular Are Vampires 0 486500 4679368 4677843 2026-10-31T22:38:01Z 3MMPEYTON 3393808 4679368 wikitext text/x-wiki == How Popular Are Vampires? == Vampires are amazingly popular in North America and Europe. Like the vampire itself, interest tends to die out, then suddenly roar back to life! <br> <br> Although vampires have enjoyed a long history in our collective imagination, kept alive by word of mouth in the spooky folk tales people told, vampires have emerged into the twenty-first century with passion. It is now common to find books about vampires piled high in bookstore, or to find old DVDs about vampires collecting in stores and flea markets. During the 1980s, it seemed like a new vampire movie was released every month. <br> <br> The current popularity of vampires is partly due to Anne Rice, the author of ''Interview with the Vampire'' (1976). Rice's tales of tormented vampires struck a popular chord with people, reviving the literary vampire, while introducing the vampire genre to a larger audience. <br> <br> Around the centennial of the publication of Bram Stoker's ''<u>Dracula</u>'' (1997), a new television show about a young vampire slayer appeared on the WB Network's prime-time lineup. ''Buffy the Vampire Slayer'' was successful on the new network, and it proudly led the way in its courting of a young adult-teen market. <br> ''Buffy the Vampire Slayer'' would run for seven seasons. It generated a spin-off show: ''Angel'', a show which ran for five seasons. These two popular shows generated so much scholarly commentary, that "by the end of the decade, almost half of all that had ever been written about vampires of a scholarly nature had come from those academics studying Buffy and Angel." [1] <br> <br> The Buffy the Vampire Slayer comic book was started by Dark Horse, it became the second longest running vampire comic in the English-speaking world. More than a hundred novels with characters from Buffy the Vampire Slayer were written. [1] Book Publishers, seeking to reach a greater audience, began to notice trends among young female readers who made romance novels fifty percent of paperback book sales. Inspired by Rice, whose vampires were portrayed by A-listers like Brad Pitt and Tom Cruse, a new generation of vampire romance novelist became popular. Equally exciting were works about vampires created by authors for high school and junior high school youth. The young adult market was receptive, as books like The Vampire Diaries, a series by Lisa Jane Smith, became successful. The 1990s were receptive to new writer eager to write about vampires. A young Mormon housewife named Stephenie Meyer wrote <u>Twilight</u>, a best-selling book, and a movie blockbuster about a young teen who falls in love with a dangerously attractive vampire. Stephanie Meyer's original four-book series sold over 150 million copies globally and dominated bestseller lists. The Twilight Saga was a massive commercial and cultural phenomenon. The five-film franchise grossed over 3.36 billion worldwide! Romance books currently make up fifty percent of all new paperback book sales annually in the United States. Every romance publishing house now has a collection of Writers who specialize in writing vampire novels. Many of these Writers began their careers on the publish on demand (POD) houses, where vampire romance novels soon formed a notable category in the 1990s. POD novels still contribute a sizeable portion of new vampire novels published annually. [1]<br> <br> === Popularity Among Different Audiences === Today in Mexico, its movie industry has gained popularity amongst vampire fans, for its large number of vampire movies from Mexico, many of them staring US Actors. <br> The Mexican vampire image was strongly influenced by Dracula (1931), a rendition produced by Universal Pictures, this Spanish language version starred Carlos Villarias and Lupita Tovar. [1] <br> <br> The popularity of the vampire had arrived by 1957 when German Robles played the vampire Count Lavud in three vampire movies: ''El Vampiro'', ''El Ataud del Vampiro'' (The Vampire's Coffin) and a comedy ''El Castillo de los Monstruos'' (Castle of the Monsters). Robles would later secure his fame as Mexico's first vampire star in 1959 when he starred in a twelve-part serial as the descendent of Nostradamus, a vampire. Robles acted in numerous vampire films. His final appearance was in ''Los Vampiros de Coyoacon'' (1973), a film he starred in as the hero, not the vampire. [1] <br> <br> Unfortunately, Robles' success led to an exploitation of the market. <br> <br> ''El Mundo de Los Vampiros'' (World of the Vampires) was directed by Alfonso Blake in 1960. Two years later, Blake worked with the popular Santo, a masked wrestler turned Actor. He directed ''Santo Contra las Mujeres Vampiro'' (Samson vs. the Vampire Women), Santo's first vampire movie. Santo's popularity grew. He became one of Mexico's favorite personalities. Over two decades, Santo fought supernatural villains. He battled Dracula in ''Santo en la Tesoro de Dracula'' (1967), which also became an adult film as ''El Vampiro y el Sexto''. In 1969, the vampire women returned in another film ''Santo en la Venganza de las Mujeres Vampiros''. [1] The director of ''Santo en la Venganza de las Mujeres Vampiros'', Frederico Curiel, emerged as the director of the Nostradamus film in 1959. He directed ''El Imperio de Dracula'' (The Empire of Dracula) in 1967. The next year he directed ''Las Vampiras''. Another important vampire film director was Miguel Morayta, who directed ''El Vampiro Sangriento'' (The Bloody Vampire) in 1961, and ''La Invasion de los Vampiros'' (The Invasion of the Vampires) in 1962. [1] The vampire as a popular theme in Mexico peaked in the 1960s. During the 1970s, the movie ''Santo y Blue Demon Contra Dracula y el Hombre Lobo'' appeared, the last of the Santo vampire movies. Few new vampire films appeared. Mexico went from being the center of vampire cinema in the 1960s, to producing few films in the 1970s, to completely abandoning the genre through the 1980s and 1990s. The vampire theme re-emerged briefly at the end of the 1990s due to the popular legend: the Chupacabra. Movies about the Chupacabra, such as ''Ataca el Chupacabras'' (1996) and ''Chupacabras'' (2000) became popular with vampire fans. <br> <br> '''African-American Vampires''' <br> Vampires are rare in African-American folklore, and African-Americans have been largely absent from vampire books and films until the twenty-first century. <br> <br> Teresa Graves who starred in the movie ''Old Dracula'', was one of the first African-Americans to be featured in a vampire film. [1] <br> <br> A few black vampire movies emerged in the era of blaxploitation movies during the 1970s. ''Blacula'' (1972) and ''Scream Blacula Scream'' (1973) starred William Marshall as Prince Mamuwalde, were popular with larger audiences. [1] <br> <br> In the 1970s, Marv Wolfman, creator of the popular comic series ''Tomb of Dracula'', included the African-American Blade the Vampire Slayer, as a major character. Blade emerged as Wolfman's most popular character, and in the 1990s, got his own Marvel comic book series. Beginning in 1997, the half-vampire Blade became the subject of three important and successful movies starring Wesley Snipes: ''Blade'', ''Blade II'' and ''Blade Trinity''. [1] <br> <br> Leslie E. Banks writing under her pseudonym L. A. Banks, released <u>Minion</u>, the first of her Vampire Huntress books in 2003. Banks soon found an audience among fans of romance novels, continuing the series. Banks is currently the most successful African-American vampire author to date. [1] <br> <br> The movie ''Sinners'' (2025) directed by Ryan Coogler and starring Michael B. Jordan, was a major critical and commercial success. The film is a genre bending tale with supernatural vampires set in the 1930s Deep South. The film grossed over 371 million worldwide! <br>''Sinners'' won four Academy Awards, two Golden Globe Awards, a top cast prize at the SAG Actor Awards, and a historic 18 nominations and 13 wins at the 57th NAACP Image Awards, including the NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Motion Picture. <br> <br> ==== Reference: ==== 1. Melton, Gordon J. PhD. The Vampire Book: The Encyclopedia of The Undead [Third Edition] Visible Ink Press. 2014 <br> <br> 2. "Sinners (film)." Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, October 21, 2026. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinners_(2025_film) <br> <br> <noinclude>{{Chapter navigation with TOC||Vampires In Popular Culture|TOC mini}}</noinclude> <br> 8v6nx6s0orfym9ro5qa5zp9twlckeo3 4679370 4679368 2026-10-31T22:38:46Z 3MMPEYTON 3393808 4679370 wikitext text/x-wiki == How Popular Are Vampires? == Vampires are amazingly popular in North America and Europe. Like the vampire itself, interest tends to die out, then suddenly roar back to life! <br> <br> Although vampires have enjoyed a long history in our collective imagination, kept alive by word of mouth in the spooky folk tales people told, vampires have emerged into the twenty-first century with passion. It is now common to find books about vampires piled high in bookstore, or to find old DVDs about vampires collecting in stores and flea markets. During the 1980s, it seemed like a new vampire movie was released every month. <br> <br> The current popularity of vampires is partly due to Anne Rice, the author of ''Interview with the Vampire'' (1976). Rice's tales of tormented vampires struck a popular chord with people, reviving the literary vampire, while introducing the vampire genre to a larger audience. <br> <br> Around the centennial of the publication of Bram Stoker's ''<u>Dracula</u>'' (1997), a new television show about a young vampire slayer appeared on the WB Network's prime-time lineup. ''Buffy the Vampire Slayer'' was successful on the new network, and it proudly led the way in its courting of a young adult-teen market. <br> ''Buffy the Vampire Slayer'' would run for seven seasons. It generated a spin-off show: ''Angel'', a show which ran for five seasons. These two popular shows generated so much scholarly commentary, that "by the end of the decade, almost half of all that had ever been written about vampires of a scholarly nature had come from those academics studying Buffy and Angel." [1] <br> <br> The Buffy the Vampire Slayer comic book was started by Dark Horse, it became the second longest running vampire comic in the English-speaking world. More than a hundred novels with characters from Buffy the Vampire Slayer were written. [1] Book Publishers, seeking to reach a greater audience, began to notice trends among young female readers who made romance novels fifty percent of paperback book sales. Inspired by Rice, whose vampires were portrayed by A-listers like Brad Pitt and Tom Cruse, a new generation of vampire romance novelist became popular. Equally exciting were works about vampires created by authors for high school and junior high school youth. The young adult market was receptive, as books like The Vampire Diaries, a series by Lisa Jane Smith, became successful. The 1990s were receptive to new writer eager to write about vampires. A young Mormon housewife named Stephenie Meyer wrote <u>Twilight</u>, a best-selling book, and a movie blockbuster about a young teen who falls in love with a dangerously attractive vampire. Stephanie Meyer's original four-book series sold over 150 million copies globally and dominated bestseller lists. The Twilight Saga was a massive commercial and cultural phenomenon. The five-film franchise grossed over 3.36 billion worldwide! Romance books currently make up fifty percent of all new paperback book sales annually in the United States. Every romance publishing house now has a collection of Writers who specialize in writing vampire novels. Many of these Writers began their careers on the publish on demand (POD) houses, where vampire romance novels soon formed a notable category in the 1990s. POD novels still contribute a sizeable portion of new vampire novels published annually. [1]<br> <br> === Popularity Among Different Audiences === Today in Mexico, its movie industry has gained popularity amongst vampire fans, for its large number of vampire movies from Mexico, many of them staring US Actors. <br> The Mexican vampire image was strongly influenced by Dracula (1931), a rendition produced by Universal Pictures, the Spanish language version starred Carlos Villarias and Lupita Tovar. [1] <br> <br> The popularity of the vampire had arrived by 1957 when German Robles played the vampire Count Lavud in three vampire movies: ''El Vampiro'', ''El Ataud del Vampiro'' (The Vampire's Coffin) and a comedy ''El Castillo de los Monstruos'' (Castle of the Monsters). Robles would later secure his fame as Mexico's first vampire star in 1959 when he starred in a twelve-part serial as the descendent of Nostradamus, a vampire. Robles acted in numerous vampire films. His final appearance was in ''Los Vampiros de Coyoacon'' (1973), a film he starred in as the hero, not the vampire. [1] <br> <br> Unfortunately, Robles' success led to an exploitation of the market. <br> <br> ''El Mundo de Los Vampiros'' (World of the Vampires) was directed by Alfonso Blake in 1960. Two years later, Blake worked with the popular Santo, a masked wrestler turned Actor. He directed ''Santo Contra las Mujeres Vampiro'' (Samson vs. the Vampire Women), Santo's first vampire movie. Santo's popularity grew. He became one of Mexico's favorite personalities. Over two decades, Santo fought supernatural villains. He battled Dracula in ''Santo en la Tesoro de Dracula'' (1967), which also became an adult film as ''El Vampiro y el Sexto''. In 1969, the vampire women returned in another film ''Santo en la Venganza de las Mujeres Vampiros''. [1] The director of ''Santo en la Venganza de las Mujeres Vampiros'', Frederico Curiel, emerged as the director of the Nostradamus film in 1959. He directed ''El Imperio de Dracula'' (The Empire of Dracula) in 1967. The next year he directed ''Las Vampiras''. Another important vampire film director was Miguel Morayta, who directed ''El Vampiro Sangriento'' (The Bloody Vampire) in 1961, and ''La Invasion de los Vampiros'' (The Invasion of the Vampires) in 1962. [1] The vampire as a popular theme in Mexico peaked in the 1960s. During the 1970s, the movie ''Santo y Blue Demon Contra Dracula y el Hombre Lobo'' appeared, the last of the Santo vampire movies. Few new vampire films appeared. Mexico went from being the center of vampire cinema in the 1960s, to producing few films in the 1970s, to completely abandoning the genre through the 1980s and 1990s. The vampire theme re-emerged briefly at the end of the 1990s due to the popular legend: the Chupacabra. Movies about the Chupacabra, such as ''Ataca el Chupacabras'' (1996) and ''Chupacabras'' (2000) became popular with vampire fans. <br> <br> '''African-American Vampires''' <br> Vampires are rare in African-American folklore, and African-Americans have been largely absent from vampire books and films until the twenty-first century. <br> <br> Teresa Graves who starred in the movie ''Old Dracula'', was one of the first African-Americans to be featured in a vampire film. [1] <br> <br> A few black vampire movies emerged in the era of blaxploitation movies during the 1970s. ''Blacula'' (1972) and ''Scream Blacula Scream'' (1973) starred William Marshall as Prince Mamuwalde, were popular with larger audiences. [1] <br> <br> In the 1970s, Marv Wolfman, creator of the popular comic series ''Tomb of Dracula'', included the African-American Blade the Vampire Slayer, as a major character. Blade emerged as Wolfman's most popular character, and in the 1990s, got his own Marvel comic book series. Beginning in 1997, the half-vampire Blade became the subject of three important and successful movies starring Wesley Snipes: ''Blade'', ''Blade II'' and ''Blade Trinity''. [1] <br> <br> Leslie E. Banks writing under her pseudonym L. A. Banks, released <u>Minion</u>, the first of her Vampire Huntress books in 2003. Banks soon found an audience among fans of romance novels, continuing the series. Banks is currently the most successful African-American vampire author to date. [1] <br> <br> The movie ''Sinners'' (2025) directed by Ryan Coogler and starring Michael B. Jordan, was a major critical and commercial success. The film is a genre bending tale with supernatural vampires set in the 1930s Deep South. The film grossed over 371 million worldwide! <br>''Sinners'' won four Academy Awards, two Golden Globe Awards, a top cast prize at the SAG Actor Awards, and a historic 18 nominations and 13 wins at the 57th NAACP Image Awards, including the NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Motion Picture. <br> <br> ==== Reference: ==== 1. Melton, Gordon J. PhD. The Vampire Book: The Encyclopedia of The Undead [Third Edition] Visible Ink Press. 2014 <br> <br> 2. "Sinners (film)." Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, October 21, 2026. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinners_(2025_film) <br> <br> <noinclude>{{Chapter navigation with TOC||Vampires In Popular Culture|TOC mini}}</noinclude> <br> n3rdl91qq6xu72jhvprfbsm7hrxkqrl 4679371 4679370 2026-10-31T22:42:18Z 3MMPEYTON 3393808 4679371 wikitext text/x-wiki == How Popular Are Vampires? == Vampires are amazingly popular in North America and Europe. Like the vampire itself, interest tends to die out, then suddenly roar back to life! <br> <br> Although vampires have enjoyed a long history in our collective imagination, kept alive by word of mouth in the spooky folk tales people told, vampires have emerged into the twenty-first century with passion. It is now common to find books about vampires piled high in bookstore, or to find old DVDs about vampires collecting in stores and flea markets. During the 1980s, it seemed like a new vampire movie was released every month. <br> <br> The current popularity of vampires is partly due to Anne Rice, the author of ''Interview with the Vampire'' (1976). Rice's tales of tormented vampires struck a popular chord with people, reviving the literary vampire, while introducing the vampire genre to a larger audience. <br> <br> Around the centennial of the publication of Bram Stoker's ''<u>Dracula</u>'' (1997), a new television show about a young vampire slayer appeared on the WB Network's prime-time lineup. ''Buffy the Vampire Slayer'' was successful on the new network, and it proudly led the way in its courting of a young adult-teen market. <br> ''Buffy the Vampire Slayer'' would run for seven seasons. It generated a spin-off show: ''Angel'', a show which ran for five seasons. These two popular shows generated so much scholarly commentary, that "by the end of the decade, almost half of all that had ever been written about vampires of a scholarly nature had come from those academics studying Buffy and Angel." [1] <br> <br> The Buffy the Vampire Slayer comic book was started by Dark Horse, it became the second longest running vampire comic in the English-speaking world. More than a hundred novels with characters from Buffy the Vampire Slayer were written. [1] Book Publishers, seeking to reach a greater audience, began to notice trends among young female readers who made romance novels fifty percent of paperback book sales. Inspired by Rice, whose vampires were portrayed by A-listers like Brad Pitt and Tom Cruse, a new generation of vampire romance novelist became popular. Equally exciting were works about vampires created by authors for high school and junior high school youth. The young adult market was receptive, as books like The Vampire Diaries, a series by Lisa Jane Smith, became successful. The 1990s were receptive to new writer eager to write about vampires. A young Mormon housewife named Stephenie Meyer wrote <u>Twilight</u>, a best-selling book, and a movie blockbuster about a young teen who falls in love with a dangerously attractive vampire. Stephanie Meyer's original four-book series sold over 150 million copies globally and dominated bestseller lists. The Twilight Saga was a massive commercial and cultural phenomenon. The five-film franchise grossed over 3.36 billion worldwide! Romance books currently make up fifty percent of all new paperback book sales annually in the United States. Every romance publishing house now has a collection of Writers who specialize in writing vampire novels. Many of these Writers began their careers on the publish on demand (POD) houses, where vampire romance novels soon formed a notable category in the 1990s. POD novels still contribute a sizeable portion of new vampire novels published annually. [1]<br> <br> === Popularity Among Different Audiences === Today in Mexico, its movie industry has gained popularity amongst vampire fans, for its large number of vampire movies from Mexico, many of them staring US Actors. <br> The Mexican vampire image was strongly influenced by Dracula (1931), a rendition produced by Universal Pictures, the Spanish language version starred Carlos Villarias and Lupita Tovar. [1] <br> <br> The popularity of the vampire had arrived by 1957 when German Robles played the vampire Count Lavud in three vampire movies: ''El Vampiro'', ''El Ataud del Vampiro'' (The Vampire's Coffin) and a comedy ''El Castillo de los Monstruos'' (Castle of the Monsters). Robles would later secure his fame as Mexico's first vampire star in 1959 when he starred in a twelve-part serial as the descendent of Nostradamus, a vampire. Robles acted in numerous vampire films. His final appearance was in ''Los Vampiros de Coyoacon'' (1973), a film he starred in as the hero, not the vampire. [1] <br> <br> Unfortunately, Robles' success led to an exploitation of the market. <br> <br> ''El Mundo de Los Vampiros'' (World of the Vampires) was directed by Alfonso Blake in 1960. Two years later, Blake worked with the popular Santo, a masked wrestler turned Actor. He directed ''Santo Contra las Mujeres Vampiro'' (Samson vs. the Vampire Women), Santo's first vampire movie. Santo's popularity grew. He became one of Mexico's favorite personalities. Over two decades, Santo fought supernatural villains. He battled Dracula in ''Santo en la Tesoro de Dracula'' (1967), which also became an adult film as ''El Vampiro y el Sexto''. In 1969, the vampire women returned in another film ''Santo en la Venganza de las Mujeres Vampiros''. [1] The director of ''Santo en la Venganza de las Mujeres Vampiros'', Frederico Curiel, emerged as the director of the Nostradamus film in 1959. He directed ''El Imperio de Dracula'' (The Empire of Dracula) in 1967. The next year he directed ''Las Vampiras''. Another important vampire film director was Miguel Morayta, who directed ''El Vampiro Sangriento'' (The Bloody Vampire) in 1961, and ''La Invasion de los Vampiros'' (The Invasion of the Vampires) in 1962. [1] The vampire as a popular theme in Mexico peaked in the 1960s. During the 1970s, the movie ''Santo y Blue Demon Contra Dracula y el Hombre Lobo'' appeared, the last of the Santo vampire movies. Few new vampire films appeared. Mexico went from being the center of vampire cinema in the 1960s, to producing few films in the 1970s, to completely abandoning the genre through the 1980s and 1990s. The vampire theme re-emerged briefly at the end of the 1990s due to the popular legend: the Chupacabra. Movies about the Chupacabra, such as ''Ataca el Chupacabras'' (1996) and ''Chupacabras'' (2000) became popular with vampire fans. <br> <br> '''African-American Vampires''' <br> Vampires are rare in African-American folklore, and African-Americans have been largely absent from vampire books and films until the twenty-first century. <br> <br> Teresa Graves who starred in the movie ''Old Dracula'', was one of the first African-Americans to be featured in a vampire film. [1] <br> <br> A few black vampire movies emerged in the era of blaxploitation movies during the 1970s. ''Blacula'' (1972) and ''Scream Blacula Scream'' (1973) starred William Marshall as Prince Mamuwalde, films popular with larger audiences. [1] <br> <br> In the 1970s, Marv Wolfman, creator of the popular comic series ''Tomb of Dracula'', included the African-American Blade the Vampire Slayer, as a major character. Blade emerged as Wolfman's most popular character, and in the 1990s, got his own Marvel comic book series. Beginning in 1997, the half-vampire Blade became the subject of three important and successful movies starring Wesley Snipes: ''Blade'', ''Blade II'' and ''Blade Trinity''. [1] <br> <br> Leslie E. Banks writing under her pseudonym L. A. Banks, released <u>Minion</u>, the first of her Vampire Huntress books in 2003. Banks soon found an audience among fans of romance novels, continuing the series. Banks is currently the most successful African-American vampire author to date. [1] <br> <br> The movie ''Sinners'' (2025) directed by Ryan Coogler and starring Michael B. Jordan, was a major critical and commercial success. The film is a genre bending tale with supernatural vampires set in the 1930s Deep South. The film grossed over 371 million worldwide! <br>''Sinners'' won four Academy Awards, two Golden Globe Awards, a top cast prize at the SAG Actor Awards, and a historic 18 nominations and 13 wins at the 57th NAACP Image Awards, including the NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Motion Picture. <br> <br> ==== Reference: ==== 1. Melton, Gordon J. PhD. The Vampire Book: The Encyclopedia of The Undead [Third Edition] Visible Ink Press. 2014 <br> <br> 2. "Sinners (film)." Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, October 21, 2026. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinners_(2025_film) <br> <br> <noinclude>{{Chapter navigation with TOC||Vampires In Popular Culture|TOC mini}}</noinclude> <br> 41mgjwc55a7h32f2jxuir5m3mciqo92 Create Vampires/Latin American Folklore 0 486505 4679351 4677830 2026-10-31T20:12:08Z 3MMPEYTON 3393808 4679351 wikitext text/x-wiki == '''Latin-American Folklore''' == Although there is little evidence to support a belief that people in Latin America believed in vampires, Anthropologists and Ethnographers in the late nineteenth century, and throughout the twentieth century, began to recognize the existence of comparable beings in folklore and mythology reports from other cultures, reports that closely resembled the vampire as shaped by European folklore and mythology. [1] <br> These vampire-like creatures share similar traits with European vampires, yet they answer a different cultural call and have a unique function in the culture that originated their tales. <br> <br> Accounts of vampire-like beings in Mexico can be traced back to the Myan people, whose territory centers on what is present day Guatemala, parts of the Yucatan peninsula and the southern part of present-day Mexico. This was the territory of the vampire bats, which found a place in Myan mythology.<br> <br> The Aztecs, whose territory was north of the Mayas' land, created elaborate myths populated with several vampiric deities. ''Cihuacoatl'' was the ancient goddess of Culhuacan. Her worship lost its appeal after the fifteenth century, centering in Xochimilco. She had a terrible appearance, stringy hair, a wide-open mouth to receive victims, and a forehead graced by two knives. She had the power to change herself into a beautiful woman, who like vampires from other cultures, seduced young men to their deaths. They had sexual relations with her, then they withered away and died. <br> ''Cihuacoatl'' represented the hunger of the gods for human victims, she fed on blood from state prisoners who were sacrificed to satisfy her bloodlust. <br> <br> [[File:Aztec Chihuateteo (9754534906).jpg|thumb|Aztec Chihuateteo (9754534906)]] The ''cihuateteo'' were also popular vampiric Aztec deities. Their origin originated from women who died in childbirth. They were mortals who struggled with their child during childbirth, they held their child until both died. Thus, they were given the status of warriors. Like the ''lamiai'' of Ancient Greece or the ''langsuyar'' of Malaysia, these vampiric creatures wandered the night attacking children. Their contact often left children paralyzed or diseased. The ''cihuateteos'' gathered with other ''cihuateteos'' at crossroads. People would leave food offerings in special buildings so that the ''cihuateteos'' would gorge themselves on food, leaving the children alone. It was also hoped that the ''cihuateteo'' would linger at the crossroads until sunrise, where they would be killed by the sunlight. <br> <br> The ''Tlahuelpuchi'' were part of the Aztecan culture that was largely destroyed by European invasion, and by the religious conversion of the people to Roman Catholicism. However, the goddess continued, transformed in the popular imagination into witches. They were called bruja (female) or brujo (masculine) by the Spanish and ''tlahuelpuchi'' (bloodsucking witch) by the descendants of the Aztecs. [1] <br> <br> '''''Chupacabra'' - Mythical American Vampire''' <br> <br> Appearance: Puerto Rico, Mexico, and Central America. <br> In Hispanic America, the chupacabra is heavy, reptilian and alienish. It is described as having a row of spines from neck to tail. <br> In the United States, it is more dog-like. Many reports of chupacabra were mostly dogs and coyotes with mange, which gave them an unusual appearance. <br> <br> Vampiric Activity: Chupacabra are thought to drink the blood of livestock, especially goats. <br> Many of the dead livestock had two holes in the neck. <br> It hunts at night. <br> <br> https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chupacabra <br> <br> <br> '''Cihuateteo - Mythical Aztec Creature''' <br> <br> Appearance: The spirits of women who died in childbirth. <br> <br> Nature: Ghost, spirit. <br> <br> Vampiric Activity: Active during the night, hunted children. <br> <br> Abilities: Could cause madness and seizures. Could seduce men, causing adultery. <br> <br> Weakness: Killed by sunlight. <br> <br> https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cihuateteo <br> <br> '''''Tlahuelpuchi'' - Mythical Mexican Vampire''' <br> <br> Appearance: The Tlahuelpunchi has a glowing aura when it shape shifts. They can take the form of some birds when they hunt. <br> <br> Nature: Vampire-witch. According to myths, they are born with their curse, which develops around puberty. There are more females than males, with female power stronger than the males. <br> <br> Vampiric Activity: Sucks the blood of infants at night. <br> <br> Abilities: Shape shift (by detaching their bodies from their legs). <br> <br> Weakness: They must feed on blood at least once a month, or they will die. They avoid onions, garlic and metal. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tlahuelpuchi '''''Soucouyant'' - Mythical Caribbean Creature''' Appearance: Old man or woman during the day, at night they take off their old skin and put it in a mortar. Nature: practices black magic, witchy. Vampiric Activity: They are thought to be blood sucking creatures, who take blood from arms, necks, and legs while the victims are unconscious. Abilities: Shapeshift, trade blood for power with Bazil (demon). Weakness: Must stop to gather spilled rice, grain by grain. When they strip off their skin, and place it in a mortar, they can be destroyed by putting coarse salt in the mortar with its skin. [[wikipedia:Soucouyant|Soucouyant - Wikipedia]] '''''Wendigo'' - Mythical Native American Creature''' Appearance: Human like. In some versions of its stories, it is a giant humanoid with a heart of ice. Its presence can be detected by a foul smell or by chills. Nature: Evil spirit Vampiric Activity: They prey on humans to feed, in the form of human cannibalism. Abilities: They can possess human beings. They can cause insatiable hunger in victims, including a desire to eat other people. [[wikipedia:Wendigo|Wendigo - Wikipedia]] <br> <br> ==== Reference: ==== 1. Melton, Gordon J. The Vampire Book: The Encyclopedia of The Undead. Visible Ink Press. 2014. <br> <br> 2. "Chupacabra." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, September 17, 2026. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chupacabra <br> <br> 3. "Cihuateteo." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, September 28, 2025. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cihuateteo <br> <br> 4. "Tlahuelpuchi." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, October 11, 2026. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tlahuelpuchi <br> <br> 5. "Soucouyant." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, August 24, 2026. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soucouyant <br> <br> 6. "Wendigo." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, October 19, 2026. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wendigo <br> <br> <br> <noinclude>{{Chapter navigation with TOC||Asian Folklore|TOC mini}}</noinclude> <br> {{BookCat}} n9wat2yndzlwzma5n61tgub6h5k61wm 4679352 4679351 2026-10-31T20:12:37Z 3MMPEYTON 3393808 4679352 wikitext text/x-wiki == '''Latin-American Folklore''' == Although there is little evidence to support a belief that people in Latin America believed in vampires, Anthropologists and Ethnographers in the late nineteenth century, and throughout the twentieth century, began to recognize the existence of comparable beings in folklore and mythology reports from other cultures, reports that closely resembled the vampire as shaped by European folklore and mythology. [1] <br> These vampire-like creatures share similar traits with European vampires, yet they answer a different cultural call and have a unique function in the culture that originated their tales. <br> <br> Accounts of vampire-like beings in Mexico can be traced back to the Myan people, whose territory centers on what is present day Guatemala, parts of the Yucatan peninsula and the southern part of present-day Mexico. This was the territory of the vampire bats, which found a place in Myan mythology.<br> <br> The Aztecs, whose territory was north of the Mayas' land, created elaborate myths populated with several vampiric deities. ''Cihuacoatl'' was the ancient goddess of Culhuacan. Her worship lost its appeal after the fifteenth century, centering in Xochimilco. She had a terrible appearance, stringy hair, a wide-open mouth to receive victims, and a forehead graced by two knives. She had the power to change herself into a beautiful woman, who like vampires from other cultures, seduced young men to their deaths. They had sexual relations with her, then they withered away and died. <br> ''Cihuacoatl'' represented the hunger of the gods for human victims, she fed on blood from state prisoners who were sacrificed to satisfy her bloodlust. <br> <br> [[File:Aztec Chihuateteo (9754534906).jpg|thumb|Aztec Chihuateteo (9754534906)]] The ''cihuateteo'' were also popular vampiric Aztec deities. Their origin originated from women who died in childbirth. They were mortals who struggled with their child during childbirth, they held their child until both died. Thus, they were given the status of warriors. Like the ''lamiai'' of Ancient Greece or the ''langsuyar'' of Malaysia, these vampiric creatures wandered the night attacking children. Their contact often left children paralyzed or diseased. The ''cihuateteos'' gathered with other ''cihuateteos'' at crossroads. People would leave food offerings in special buildings so that the ''cihuateteos'' would gorge themselves on food, leaving the children alone. It was also hoped that the ''cihuateteo'' would linger at the crossroads until sunrise, where they would be killed by the sunlight. <br> <br> The ''Tlahuelpuchi'' were part of the Aztecan culture that was largely destroyed by European invasion, and by the religious conversion of the people to Roman Catholicism. However, the goddess continued, transformed in the popular imagination into witches. They were called bruja (female) or brujo (masculine) by the Spanish and ''tlahuelpuchi'' (bloodsucking witch) by the descendants of the Aztecs. [1] <br> <br> '''''Chupacabra'' - Mythical American Vampire''' <br> <br> Appearance: Puerto Rico, Mexico, and Central America. <br> In Hispanic America, the chupacabra is heavy, reptilian and alienish. It is described as having a row of spines from neck to tail. <br> In the United States, it is more dog-like. Many reports of chupacabra were mostly dogs and coyotes with mange, which gave them an unusual appearance. <br> <br> Vampiric Activity: Chupacabra are thought to drink the blood of livestock, especially goats. <br> Many of the dead livestock had two holes in the neck. <br> It hunts at night. <br> <br> https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chupacabra <br> <br> <br> '''Cihuateteo - Mythical Aztec Creature''' <br> <br> Appearance: The spirits of women who died in childbirth. <br> <br> Nature: Ghost, spirit. <br> <br> Vampiric Activity: Active during the night, hunted children. <br> <br> Abilities: Could cause madness and seizures. Could seduce men, causing adultery. <br> <br> Weakness: Killed by sunlight. <br> <br> https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cihuateteo <br> <br> '''''Tlahuelpuchi'' - Mythical Mexican Vampire''' <br> <br> Appearance: The Tlahuelpunchi has a glowing aura when it shape shifts. They can take the form of some birds when they hunt. <br> <br> Nature: Vampire-witch. According to myths, they are born with their curse, which develops around puberty. There are more females than males, with female power stronger than the males. <br> <br> Vampiric Activity: Sucks the blood of infants at night. <br> <br> Abilities: Shape shift (by detaching their bodies from their legs). <br> <br> Weakness: They must feed on blood at least once a month, or they will die. They avoid onions, garlic and metal. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tlahuelpuchi '''''Soucouyant'' - Mythical Caribbean Creature''' Appearance: Old man or woman during the day, at night they take off their old skin and put it in a mortar. Nature: practices black magic, witchy. Vampiric Activity: They are thought to be blood sucking creatures, who take blood from arms, necks, and legs while the victims are unconscious. Abilities: Shapeshift, trade blood for power with Bazil (demon). Weakness: Must stop to gather spilled rice, grain by grain. When they strip off their skin, and place it in a mortar, they can be destroyed by putting coarse salt in the mortar with its skin. [[wikipedia:Soucouyant|Soucouyant - Wikipedia]] '''''Wendigo'' - Mythical Native American Creature''' Appearance: Human like. In some versions of its stories, it is a giant humanoid with a heart of ice. Its presence can be detected by a foul smell or by chills. Nature: Evil spirit Vampiric Activity: They prey on humans to feed, in the form of human cannibalism. Abilities: They can possess human beings. They can cause insatiable hunger in victims, including a desire to eat other people. [[wikipedia:Wendigo|Wendigo - Wikipedia]] <br> <br> ==== Reference: ==== 1. Melton, Gordon J. The Vampire Book: The Encyclopedia of The Undead. Visible Ink Press. 2014. <br> <br> 2. "Chupacabra." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, September 17, 2026. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chupacabra <br> <br> 3. "Cihuateteo." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, September 28, 2025. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cihuateteo <br> <br> 4. "Tlahuelpuchi." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, October 11, 2026. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tlahuelpuchi <br> <br> 5. "Soucouyant." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, August 24, 2026. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soucouyant <br> <br> 6. "Wendigo." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, October 19, 2026. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wendigo <br> <br> <br> <noinclude>{{Chapter navigation with TOC||Asian Folklore|TOC mini}}</noinclude> <br> {{BookCat}} oqzxli2gwvrllughvqa9hn1qdxrf99p Create Vampires/How Cultural Traditions Shaped Vampire Traits 0 486506 4679359 4677837 2026-10-31T20:42:24Z 3MMPEYTON 3393808 4679359 wikitext text/x-wiki '''How Cultural Traditions Shaped Modern Vampire Traits:''' A cultural warning, from the Ewe people, against malaria caused by mosquitoes, probably created a vampire-like insect (firefly) that sucks blood and can bring illness, or death. Poor understanding of decay in humans, such as the appearance of hair and nail growth, gassy corpses emitting sounds, and the appearance of blood around the mouth, caused by processes active during death, lends credence to the belief that the dead were still somewhat alive. This belief may have translated into vampire traits whereby vampires have bodies, instead of being clear like ghost, and were reanimation of the dead. Perhaps Christianity culturally shaped many vampire weaknesses. For example, crosses and holy water were symbols of divine protection. Garlic was used as a protective herb, while a belief that iron and silver may block harmful spirits could be the reason that vampires avoid silver which harms them. Vampires were repelled by garlic, and vampires feared crosses and holy water. Eastern Europeans experiences of blood loss, atrophy, and loss of energy may have been interpreted as attacks from vampires. Perhaps this fear developed into vampire traits such as vampirism that spreads like a disease, or a virus, and the method by which vampires feed: on blood. Many cultures evolved myths about nighttime activities. Night time is less lit. The night has been associated with danger and the unknown. Vampires are active at night, they avoid the sunlight, which can often burn them alive. They are associated with predatory behavior, and darkness. The ''nachzehrer'' and the ''strigol'' are also associated with night time dwellers. Romantic and Gothic literature transformed the vampire from reddish colored and bloated, to pale and thin. Vampires were transformed from a dead body, to a charming being, possessing a high level of charisma. As Romantic and Gothic writers explored themes such as forbidden desire, sexuality, power, the boundary between life and death and immortality, vampires developed slow aging characteristics, magnetic allure, possessed immortality and existed somewhere between life and death, thus un-dead. The romantic qualities possessed by some vampires blur the lines between threat and attraction. {| class="wikitable" |+ Cultural Contributions to Modern Vampire Traits |- ! Culture / Region || Traditional Being(s) || Key Traits Contributed || How These Traits Shaped the Modern Vampire |- | Eastern Europe (Slavic, Romanian, Balkan) || Strigoi, Upir, Moroi, Vrykolakas || Reanimated corpse; nocturnal attacks; blood‑drinking; contagion; returning from the grave || Forms the core of the modern vampire: undead body, feeding on blood, spreading vampirism, rising from the grave |- | Western Europe (Germanic, Celtic) || Nachzehrer, Draugr || Corpse that harms the living; grave‑associated revenants; physical strength || Reinforces the idea of vampires as physically present, dangerous, and tied to burial practices |- | Middle East (Arabian, Turkish) || Ghul, Alp || Nocturnal predation; draining life or vitality; shape‑shifting|| Adds predatory stealth, dream‑draining, and the idea of supernatural feeding beyond blood |- | Africa (West African traditions) || Asanbosam, Obayifo, Adze || Tree‑dwelling predators; energy‑draining; witch‑like feeding || Influences modern “energy vampire” concepts and non‑blood feeding variations |- | China || Jiangshi || Reanimated corpse; stiff movement; qi‑draining; nocturna || Contributes the idea of life‑force draining and corpse‑like rigidity |- | Southeast Asia (Malaysia, Philippines, Indonesia) || Penanggalan, Manananggal, Pontianak|| Female vampiric beings; night feeding; organ‑detachment; blood consumption || Shapes modern horror depictions of female vampires and body‑separation motifs |- | India || Vetala, Rakshasa || Spirit‑possession; corpse animation; predatory behavior || Adds psychological manipulation and possession themes to vampire fiction |- | Caribbean|| Soucouyant || Skin‑shedding; night feeding; fireball form || Influences shapeshifting and supernatural transformation tropes |- | Mesoamerica (Mexico || Tlahuelpuchi || Shape‑shifting; nocturnal feeding; hereditary vampirism || Contributes hereditary or “born vampire” concepts |- | Modern Western Literature (18th–19th century) || Polidori’s Vampyre, Le Fanu’s Carmilla, Stoker’s Dracula || Seduction; aristocracy; immortality; aversion to sunlight; sophisticated predator|| Establishes the literary vampire: charismatic, immortal, romanticized, and culturally iconic |} Vampire-like creatures appear in many shapes, in many fictional stories, yet they retain a similar core. They are depicted as beings that drain life, prey on the living, and exist between worlds. <br> <br> <noinclude>{{Chapter navigation with TOC||Literary Construction|TOC mini}}</noinclude> <br> {{BookCat}} 2guwhfjdpwfhlmx46h5lg1ivxdcp2m6 User:TechVindicator/Wikibooks Magazine authorship 2 486516 4679430 4677911 2026-11-01T09:56:52Z MathXplore 3097823 Requesting deletion ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/User:TenWhile6/XReport|XReport]] v3.1d) 4679430 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>{{delete|1=Broken redirect <small>[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/User:TenWhile6/XReport|XReport]]</small>}}</noinclude> #REDIRECT [[User:MathsScienceNerd1/Wikibooks Magazine authorship]] 156xwaabc7axk4ndvav21m7rgghlszd User:TechVindicator/Wikibooks Magazine Layout 2 486517 4679429 4677913 2026-11-01T09:56:46Z MathXplore 3097823 Requesting deletion ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/User:TenWhile6/XReport|XReport]] v3.1d) 4679429 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>{{delete|1=Broken redirect <small>[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/User:TenWhile6/XReport|XReport]]</small>}}</noinclude> #REDIRECT [[User:MathsScienceNerd1/Wikibooks Magazine Layout]] ozuwxtxy7daige31vsb1adlbt4ulapa Create Vampires/Asian Folklore Part Two 0 486529 4679354 4678050 2026-10-31T20:23:16Z 3MMPEYTON 3393808 4679354 wikitext text/x-wiki == Indian Vampires == India is home to numerous deities and supernatural beings. Among the vast number of deities, were a number of creatures that possessed vampiric characteristics. <br> [[File:The three-headed rakshasa Trishiras sits in lalitasana on a throne facing a fire altar in which a severed head is burning.jpg|thumb|The three-headed rakshasa Trishiras sits in lalitasana on a throne facing a fire altar in which a severed head is burning]] <br> The Indian vampires, a combination of demon, witch and ghost, appeared in ancient India texts. Some people argue that India was one place where belief in the vampire originated then spread. <br> <br> Sanskrit texts from ancient India report over a dozen vampiric creatures. Most were female. Some have incorporeal forms, reflecting a cultural bias towards cremation over burial of the dead. [1] <br> <br> According to J. Melton in ''The Vampire Book: The Encyclopedia of The Undead'', in the section '''vampires in India''', in ancient Hinduism (the dominate religion in India), creation started with the formation of a golden egg. This represents cosmic intelligence. Manifested creation began with the division of the egg into the heavens, Earth, and twenty-one regions of the cosmos. The twenty-one regions were roughly divided into three zones, one of which was the Tala, this realm was known as the abode of the chthonian entities including orges, spectures, and demons. [2] <br> <br> The ''rakshasas'' are the most popular vampiric beings from the Tala. In folklore, they are commonly described as ogres and demons who lived in graveyards. They disturbed humans by disturbing devotions and rituals. The ''rakshasas'' came in both male and female forms. Some came in the shape of humans, others appeared as half-animals. The ''rakshasas'' were characters in the Mahabharata and the Ramayana, popular Indian epics. The ''rakshasas'' had vampiric characteristics, such as their nocturnal tendencies, and their appearance with elongated fangs. The texts described them as drinkers of blood (asra-pa). Similar to vampire-like creatures of other cultures, the ''rakshasas'' were known to attack pregnant women, and infants. [2] <br> <br> The ''chedipe'', or ''alvantin'', originated when a woman died a sudden death, often from childbirth. The alvantin would rise at night, they would suck blood from a victim's big toe. [1] <br> <br> Devendra P. Varma makes strong arguments that the vampiric deities of India are the original source for vampire beliefs in Europe. He argues that beliefs were carried by the Arab caravans across the great Silk roads into the Mediterranean Basin, arriving in Greece around the first century C.E. [2] <br> Although plausible, more research is needed to support this theory. <br> <br> <br> '''Chedipe - Witch-Vampire in Folklore in India''' <br> <br> Appearance: A naked wild woman riding a horse at night under the moonlight. <br> <br> Nature: Witch-vampire. <br> <br> Vampiric Activity: Blood-sucker, drains men of their vitality, can feast on emotions. <br> <br> Abilities: Spellcasting. <br> <br> [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chedipe Link: Chedipe] <br> <br> <br> '''Rakshasa - Vampiric Beings In Hinduism and Buddhism''' <br> <br> Appearance: Enormous, monsters with fangs. <br> <br> Nature: Demigod <br> <br> Vampiric activity: Depicted with flaming red hair and eyes, drinking blood from cupped hands or human skulls. <br> Monsters with fangs. <br> <br> Abilities: Shapeshifting. Ability to fly, vanish, and use the power of illusion (maya). <br> <br> [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rakshasa Link: Rakshasa] <br> <br> ==== Reference: ==== 1. Hollyhock, Agnes. Vampires: A Handbook of History & Lore Of The Undead. Wellfleet Press, August 13, 2024. <br> <br> 2. Melton, Gordon J. Phd. The Vampire Book: The Encyclopedia of The Undead [Third Edition]. Visible Ink Press. 2014 <br> <br> 3. "Rakshasa." Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, October 24, 2026. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rakshasa <br> <br> 4. "Chedipe." Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, June 9, 2025. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chedipe <br> <noinclude>{{Chapter navigation with TOC||Eastern European Folklore|TOC mini}}</noinclude> <br> {{BookCat}} 7w1oemtz5or3vsxksr1c2iqv8g1snjv 4679355 4679354 2026-10-31T20:23:45Z 3MMPEYTON 3393808 4679355 wikitext text/x-wiki == Indian Vampires == India is home to numerous deities and supernatural beings. Among the vast number of deities, were a number of creatures that possessed vampiric characteristics. <br> [[File:The three-headed rakshasa Trishiras sits in lalitasana on a throne facing a fire altar in which a severed head is burning.jpg|thumb|The three-headed rakshasa Trishiras sits in lalitasana on a throne facing a fire altar in which a severed head is burning]] <br> The Indian vampires, a combination of demon, witch and ghost, appeared in ancient India texts. Some people argue that India was one place where belief in the vampire originated then spread. <br> <br> Sanskrit texts from ancient India report over a dozen vampiric creatures. Most were female. Some have incorporeal forms, reflecting a cultural bias towards cremation over burial of the dead. [1] <br> <br> According to J. Melton in ''The Vampire Book: The Encyclopedia of The Undead'', in the section '''vampires in India''', in ancient Hinduism (the dominate religion in India), creation started with the formation of a golden egg. This represents cosmic intelligence. Manifested creation began with the division of the egg into the heavens, Earth, and twenty-one regions of the cosmos. The twenty-one regions were roughly divided into three zones, one of which was the Tala, this realm was known as the abode of the chthonian entities including orges, spectures, and demons. [2] <br> <br> The ''rakshasas'' are the most popular vampiric beings from the Tala. In folklore, they are commonly described as ogres and demons who lived in graveyards. They disturbed humans by disturbing devotions and rituals. The ''rakshasas'' came in both male and female forms. Some came in the shape of humans, others appeared as half-animals. The ''rakshasas'' were characters in the Mahabharata and the Ramayana, popular Indian epics. The ''rakshasas'' had vampiric characteristics, such as their nocturnal tendencies, and their appearance with elongated fangs. The texts described them as drinkers of blood (asra-pa). Similar to vampire-like creatures of other cultures, the ''rakshasas'' were known to attack pregnant women, and infants. [2] <br> <br> The ''chedipe'', or ''alvantin'', originated when a woman died a sudden death, often from childbirth. The ''alvantin'' would rise at night, they would suck blood from a victim's big toe. [1] <br> <br> Devendra P. Varma makes strong arguments that the vampiric deities of India are the original source for vampire beliefs in Europe. He argues that beliefs were carried by the Arab caravans across the great Silk roads into the Mediterranean Basin, arriving in Greece around the first century C.E. [2] <br> Although plausible, more research is needed to support this theory. <br> <br> <br> '''Chedipe - Witch-Vampire in Folklore in India''' <br> <br> Appearance: A naked wild woman riding a horse at night under the moonlight. <br> <br> Nature: Witch-vampire. <br> <br> Vampiric Activity: Blood-sucker, drains men of their vitality, can feast on emotions. <br> <br> Abilities: Spellcasting. <br> <br> [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chedipe Link: Chedipe] <br> <br> <br> '''Rakshasa - Vampiric Beings In Hinduism and Buddhism''' <br> <br> Appearance: Enormous, monsters with fangs. <br> <br> Nature: Demigod <br> <br> Vampiric activity: Depicted with flaming red hair and eyes, drinking blood from cupped hands or human skulls. <br> Monsters with fangs. <br> <br> Abilities: Shapeshifting. Ability to fly, vanish, and use the power of illusion (maya). <br> <br> [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rakshasa Link: Rakshasa] <br> <br> ==== Reference: ==== 1. Hollyhock, Agnes. Vampires: A Handbook of History & Lore Of The Undead. Wellfleet Press, August 13, 2024. <br> <br> 2. Melton, Gordon J. Phd. The Vampire Book: The Encyclopedia of The Undead [Third Edition]. Visible Ink Press. 2014 <br> <br> 3. "Rakshasa." Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, October 24, 2026. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rakshasa <br> <br> 4. "Chedipe." Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, June 9, 2025. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chedipe <br> <noinclude>{{Chapter navigation with TOC||Eastern European Folklore|TOC mini}}</noinclude> <br> {{BookCat}} e77k7zasdlzkc636bncehkte1ajuqrx Create Vampires/Dracula 0 486577 4679366 4678468 2026-10-31T22:32:36Z 3MMPEYTON 3393808 4679366 wikitext text/x-wiki == Dracula: A Literary Construction== In 1897 Bram Stoker published ''Dracula'' in England. The book was met with critical praise, although it did not make Stoker rich during his lifetime. <br> <br> The novel is narrated through letters, newspaper articles, and diary entries. The story begins with Jonathan Harker, a solicitor, arriving near a castle in Transylvania. He quickly meets Count Dracula, a nobleman who is a vampire. <br> <br> Bram Stoker's Dracula, is an infamous character constructed from folklore and historic facts, shaped by literary devices. <br> <br> '''Folklore:''' <br> Folkloric stories about vampires had circulated for hundreds of years before Stoker's Dracula. Stoker studied the characteristics of folkloric vampires, adopting them for his own, such as their aversion to garlic and staking as a means of killing them. [1] In Dracula, characters are also killed by decapitation, a mouth full of garlic, and by burning the corpse. [2] <br> Stoker invented a few new characteristics, for example, Stoker's vampires must be invited into one's home, sleep on earth from their homeland and have no reflection in mirrors. [1] <br> <br> According to Agnes Hollyhock, in her ''Vampires: A Handbook of History & Lore of the Undead'', Stoker may have researched vampire myths from other cultures. Hollyhock notes that in Stoker's research papers, he wrote of a ''penanggalan'', a vampiric-being from Malaysia that appears as a floating head with guts trailing down, who hunts human babies to drink. The ''penanggalan'' may have been the main influence behind Dracula's brides. [2] <br> <br> <br> '''History:''' <br> Most people believe that Count Dracula is based in part from the historic Wallachian (Romanian) prince Vlad Tepes, commonly known as Vlad the Impaler. <br> In ''Dracula'', chapter three, Count Dracula spoke of what maybe a tie between Vlad and himself:<br> <br> ...Who was it but one of my own race who as Voivode crossed the Danube and beat the Turk on his own ground? This was a Dracula indeed! Woe was it that his own unworthy brother, when he had fallen, sold his people to the Turk and brought the shame of slavery on them! Was it not this Dracula, indeed, who inspired that other of his race who in a later age again and again brought his forces over the great river into Turkey-land; who, when he was beaten back, came again, and again, and again, though he had to come alone from the bloody field where his troops were being slaughtered, since he knew that he alone could ultimately triumph! [3] <br> <br> Some details are altered, such as the fact that Vlad was not a count from Transylvania, but a Wallachian prince, or the fact that Vlad was a Romanian, not a Szekely. Other parts echo Vlad's historic records, such as the fact that he and his brother Radu, were held as hostages in the Ottoman Empire in 1442 to secure their father's loyalty. <br> <br> Vlad III Dracula ruled Wallachia (now modern-day Romania) during three separate periods. He served as the voivode (prince or military governor). [4] <br> <br> '''Literary Devices:''' <br> Bram Stoker used allusion, gothic imagery, irony, and a mixed-media style to build a dark, realistic atmosphere just right for the popular imagination. <br> <br> Count Dracula may be a metaphor for late-Victorian societal fears and anxieties. Real-world diseases like tuberculosis, rabies, and cholera were deadly threats. Dracula's pale victims were eerily similar in appearance to victims who suffered from cholera. Dracula's vampirism functioned like a blood infection passed through the blood. <br> <br> In the article How Dracula draws on our biggest health fears, Dr. Howard Markel notes "The way Dracula spreads his vampirism -- with a bite on the neck and drinking their blood, or forcing his victims to drink his blood -- reflects the public fear of infectious diseases." [5] This association is made clear by Lucy Westenra, a character who becomes a "carrier" spreading the "vampire epidemic" by biting children. [5] <br> <br> Count Dracula emerged in the 19th century as a new type of vampire character, a complex, influential literary construction that continues to function as a vampire template today, in the 21st century. <br> <br> ==== Reference: ==== 1. "Dracula." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, October 24, 2026. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dracula <br> <br> 2. Hollyhock, Agnes. Vampires: A Handbook Of History & Lore Of The Undead. Wellfleet Press, 2024. <br> <br> 3. Stoker, Bram. Dracula. Project Gutenberg, September 24, 2025. https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/345/pg345-images.html <br> <br> 4. Pallardy, Richard. Vlad The Impaler. Britannica.com. October 26, 2026. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Vlad-the-Impaler <br> <br> 5. Markel, Howard Dr. How Dracula Draws On Our Biggest Health Fears. PBS News, October 18, 2019. https://www.pbs.org/newshour/tag/dracula <br> <br> <noinclude>{{Chapter navigation with TOC||How Popular Are Vampires|TOC mini}}</noinclude> <br> {{bookcat}} 63tmzgbn4ob37hbbrw88gqnxhmsbs8h 4679367 4679366 2026-10-31T22:34:38Z 3MMPEYTON 3393808 4679367 wikitext text/x-wiki == Dracula: A Literary Construction== In 1897 Bram Stoker published ''Dracula'' in England. The book was met with critical praise, although it did not make Stoker rich during his lifetime. <br> <br> The novel is narrated through letters, newspaper articles, and diary entries. The story begins with Jonathan Harker, a solicitor, arriving near a castle in Transylvania. He quickly meets Count Dracula, a nobleman who is a vampire. <br> <br> Bram Stoker's Dracula, is an infamous character constructed from folklore and historic facts, shaped by literary devices. <br> <br> '''Folklore:''' <br> Folkloric stories about vampires had circulated for hundreds of years before Stoker's Dracula. Stoker studied the characteristics of folkloric vampires, adopting them for his own, such as their aversion to garlic and staking as a means of killing them. [1] In Dracula, characters are also killed by decapitation, a mouth full of garlic, and by burning the corpse. [2] <br> Stoker invented a few new characteristics, for example, Stoker's vampires must be invited into one's home, sleep on earth from their homeland and have no reflection in mirrors. [1] <br> <br> According to Agnes Hollyhock, in her ''Vampires: A Handbook of History & Lore of the Undead'', Stoker may have researched vampire myths from other cultures. Hollyhock notes that in Stoker's research papers, he wrote of a ''penanggalan'', a vampiric-being from Malaysia that appears as a floating head with guts trailing down, who hunts human babies to drink. The ''penanggalan'' may have been the main influence behind Dracula's brides. [2] <br> <br> <br> '''History:''' <br> Most people believe that Count Dracula is based in part from the historic Wallachian (Romanian) prince Vlad Tepes, commonly known as Vlad the Impaler. <br> In ''Dracula'', chapter three, Count Dracula spoke of what maybe a tie between Vlad and himself:<br> <br> ...Who was it but one of my own race who as Voivode crossed the Danube and beat the Turk on his own ground? This was a Dracula indeed! Woe was it that his own unworthy brother, when he had fallen, sold his people to the Turk and brought the shame of slavery on them! Was it not this Dracula, indeed, who inspired that other of his race who in a later age again and again brought his forces over the great river into Turkey-land; who, when he was beaten back, came again, and again, and again, though he had to come alone from the bloody field where his troops were being slaughtered, since he knew that he alone could ultimately triumph! [3] <br> <br> Some details are altered, such as the fact that Vlad was not a count from Transylvania, but a Wallachian prince, or the fact that Vlad was a Romanian, not a Szekely. Other parts echo Vlad's historic records, such as the fact that he and his brother Radu, were held as hostages in the Ottoman Empire in 1442 to secure their father's loyalty. <br> <br> Vlad III Dracula ruled Wallachia (now modern-day Romania) during three separate periods. He served as the voivode (prince or military governor). [4] <br> <br> '''Literary Devices:''' <br> Bram Stoker used allusion, gothic imagery, irony, and a mixed-media style to build a dark, realistic atmosphere just right for the popular imagination. <br> <br> Count Dracula may be a metaphor for late-Victorian societal fears and anxieties. Real-world diseases like tuberculosis, rabies, and cholera were deadly threats. Dracula's pale victims were eerily similar in appearance to victims who suffered from cholera. Dracula's vampirism functioned like a blood infection passed through the blood. <br> <br> In the article How Dracula draws on our biggest health fears, Dr. Howard Markel notes "The way Dracula spreads his vampirism -- with a bite on the neck and drinking their blood, or forcing his victims to drink his blood -- reflects the public fear of infectious diseases." [5] This association is made clear by Lucy Westenra, a character who becomes a "carrier" spreading the "vampire epidemic" by biting children. [5] <br> <br> Count Dracula emerged in the 19th century as a new type of vampire character, a complex, influential literary construction that continues to function as a vampire template today in the 21st century. <br> <br> ==== Reference: ==== 1. "Dracula." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, October 24, 2026. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dracula <br> <br> 2. Hollyhock, Agnes. Vampires: A Handbook Of History & Lore Of The Undead. Wellfleet Press, 2024. <br> <br> 3. Stoker, Bram. Dracula. Project Gutenberg, September 24, 2025. https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/345/pg345-images.html <br> <br> 4. Pallardy, Richard. Vlad The Impaler. Britannica.com. October 26, 2026. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Vlad-the-Impaler <br> <br> 5. Markel, Howard Dr. How Dracula Draws On Our Biggest Health Fears. PBS News, October 18, 2019. https://www.pbs.org/newshour/tag/dracula <br> <br> <noinclude>{{Chapter navigation with TOC||How Popular Are Vampires|TOC mini}}</noinclude> <br> {{bookcat}} ir3veev1kfoj8asa4aicxswlzlpkn5t Cookbook:Meat and Sausage Ragu with Pasta 102 486592 4679330 4679267 2026-10-31T17:19:52Z Moby-Dick4000 198746 4679330 wikitext text/x-wiki {{recipesummary|category=Italian-American recipes|servings=6|time=2hours and 30 minutes|difficulty=3 | Image = [[Image: Paccheri rigati al ragù Napoletano.jpg|300px]] }} {{recipe}} | [[Cookbook: Beef and pork ragu with fettucine and parmigiano reggiano cheese.jpg|thumb|Beef and pork ragu with fettucine and parmigiano reggiano cheese]] The below recipe is inspired by [[wikipedia:Neapolitan ragù|Neapolitan ragù]], a dish that originated in Naples and is widely eaten in the Campania region of Italy. It's also popular among Italian-American families who call it Sunday sauce or Sunday gravy. The recipe presented here is a faster version of the authentic dish which takes several hours to prepare. It omits wine but includes carrots and celery. ==Ingredients== *1 lb (454 g) dried pasta *1½ lbs beef chuck, cut into approximately 1½-inch chunks *1 lb Italian sausage (approximately 4–5 links) *3 tablespoons extra-virgin olive oil *1 medium onion, finely chopped *2 medium carrots, finely chopped *2 celery stalks, finely chopped *3 cloves garlic, minced *2 cans (28 oz each) crushed tomatoes *6 oz tomato paste *1 tablespoon dried oregano *1 tablespoon dried basil *Salt, to taste *Freshly grated [[wikipedia:Parmigiano Reggiano|Parmigiano Reggiano]], for serving == Equipment == *A [[wikipedia:Dutch oven|Dutch oven]] or a thick-walled, aluminum ''caldero'' *a large pot for cooking pasta in boiling water *a large pair of tongs *a large spoon for stirring *a kitchen knife *a cheese grater *a measuring cup *measuring spoons *a food scale == Procedure == *Heat the olive oil in a large in a thick-walled pot. *Add the beef chuck. Season the beef lightly with salt. *Cook, turning occasionally, until the beef develops a brown crust, approximately 8–12 minutes. Work in batches if necessary to avoid overcrowding. *Remove the beef from the pot and set aside. *Reduce the heat to medium. *Add the chopped carrots, celery, and onion to the same pot, using the remaining oil and rendered fat from the meat. *Cook for approximately 8–10 minutes, stirring occasionally, until the vegetables have softened. Be careful not to burn them. *Make a small opening in the center of the vegetables and add the minced garlic. *Cook until the garlic becomes lightly golden, approximately 30–60 seconds. *Immediately add the crushed tomatoes to prevent the garlic from burning. Stir thoroughly to combine with the vegetables. *Add the tomato paste and mix well until completely incorporated. *Add the oregano and basil, stirring to distribute the herbs evenly throughout the sauce. *Season with salt to taste, keeping in mind that the sausages will contribute additional salt and allow the mixture to simmer for one to two minutes. *Return the browned beef chuck and add the raw Italian sausages to the pot, along with any accumulated juices. *Stir gently, making sure the meat is submerged in the tomato sauce. *Bring the sauce to a gentle simmer, then reduce the heat to low. *Simmer for 2 hours with the pot lid on, leaving it slightly ajar. Stir approximately every 10 minutes to prevent the sauce from sticking to the bottom of the pot. Keep the heat low enough that the sauce bubbles gently rather than boiling vigorously. *Approximately 10 minutes before the sauce finishes simmering, bring a large pot of salted water to a boil. *Add the entire 1-pound box of dried pasta. *Cook until slightly underdone, approximately 1–2 minutes less than the package's recommended cooking time. Do not drain the pasta or discard the cooking water. *Using tongs, transfer the slightly undercooked pasta directly from the boiling water into the pot of ragù. *Stir thoroughly so that every piece of pasta is coated with sauce. *Add ¼ cup of pasta water and continue simmering over medium-low heat until the pasta is tender but not mushy and the sauce clings evenly to it. *Divide the pasta and ragù among serving plates, distributing the beef and sausage as desired. *Grate fresh Parmigiano Reggiano generously over each serving. *Serve immediately while hot. q8lvxpeigvncbpnwzpuihmixrbwvbz8 4679331 4679330 2026-10-31T17:20:26Z Moby-Dick4000 198746 Undid revision [[Special:Diff/4679330|4679330]] by [[Special:Contributions/Moby-Dick4000|Moby-Dick4000]] ([[User talk:Moby-Dick4000|discuss]]) 4679331 wikitext text/x-wiki {{recipesummary|category=Italian-American recipes|servings=6|time=2hours and 30 minutes|difficulty=3 | Image = [[Image: Paccheri rigati al ragù Napoletano.jpg|300px]] }} {{recipe}} | [[Cookbook: Italian-American cuisine]] The below recipe is inspired by [[wikipedia:Neapolitan ragù|Neapolitan ragù]], a dish that originated in Naples and is widely eaten in the Campania region of Italy. It's also popular among Italian-American families who call it Sunday sauce or Sunday gravy. The recipe presented here is a faster version of the authentic dish which takes several hours to prepare. It omits wine but includes carrots and celery. ==Ingredients== *1 lb (454 g) dried pasta *1½ lbs beef chuck, cut into approximately 1½-inch chunks *1 lb Italian sausage (approximately 4–5 links) *3 tablespoons extra-virgin olive oil *1 medium onion, finely chopped *2 medium carrots, finely chopped *2 celery stalks, finely chopped *3 cloves garlic, minced *2 cans (28 oz each) crushed tomatoes *6 oz tomato paste *1 tablespoon dried oregano *1 tablespoon dried basil *Salt, to taste *Freshly grated [[wikipedia:Parmigiano Reggiano|Parmigiano Reggiano]], for serving == Equipment == *A [[wikipedia:Dutch oven|Dutch oven]] or a thick-walled, aluminum ''caldero'' *a large pot for cooking pasta in boiling water *a large pair of tongs *a large spoon for stirring *a kitchen knife *a cheese grater *a measuring cup *measuring spoons *a food scale == Procedure == *Heat the olive oil in a large in a thick-walled pot. *Add the beef chuck. Season the beef lightly with salt. *Cook, turning occasionally, until the beef develops a brown crust, approximately 8–12 minutes. Work in batches if necessary to avoid overcrowding. *Remove the beef from the pot and set aside. *Reduce the heat to medium. *Add the chopped carrots, celery, and onion to the same pot, using the remaining oil and rendered fat from the meat. *Cook for approximately 8–10 minutes, stirring occasionally, until the vegetables have softened. Be careful not to burn them. *Make a small opening in the center of the vegetables and add the minced garlic. *Cook until the garlic becomes lightly golden, approximately 30–60 seconds. *Immediately add the crushed tomatoes to prevent the garlic from burning. Stir thoroughly to combine with the vegetables. *Add the tomato paste and mix well until completely incorporated. *Add the oregano and basil, stirring to distribute the herbs evenly throughout the sauce. *Season with salt to taste, keeping in mind that the sausages will contribute additional salt and allow the mixture to simmer for one to two minutes. *Return the browned beef chuck and add the raw Italian sausages to the pot, along with any accumulated juices. *Stir gently, making sure the meat is submerged in the tomato sauce. *Bring the sauce to a gentle simmer, then reduce the heat to low. *Simmer for 2 hours with the pot lid on, leaving it slightly ajar. Stir approximately every 10 minutes to prevent the sauce from sticking to the bottom of the pot. Keep the heat low enough that the sauce bubbles gently rather than boiling vigorously. *Approximately 10 minutes before the sauce finishes simmering, bring a large pot of salted water to a boil. *Add the entire 1-pound box of dried pasta. *Cook until slightly underdone, approximately 1–2 minutes less than the package's recommended cooking time. Do not drain the pasta or discard the cooking water. *Using tongs, transfer the slightly undercooked pasta directly from the boiling water into the pot of ragù. *Stir thoroughly so that every piece of pasta is coated with sauce. *Add ¼ cup of pasta water and continue simmering over medium-low heat until the pasta is tender but not mushy and the sauce clings evenly to it. *Divide the pasta and ragù among serving plates, distributing the beef and sausage as desired. *Grate fresh Parmigiano Reggiano generously over each serving. *Serve immediately while hot. jpuoapre42m6jl6z29hyxq2r515ga32 4679332 4679331 2026-10-31T17:21:35Z Moby-Dick4000 198746 4679332 wikitext text/x-wiki {{recipesummary|category=Italian-American recipes|servings=6|time=2hours and 30 minutes|difficulty=3 | Image = [[Image: Beef and pork ragu with fettucine and parmigiano reggiano cheese.jpg|thumb|Beef and pork ragu with fettucine and parmigiano reggiano cheese|300px]] }} {{recipe}} | [[Cookbook: Italian-American cuisine]] The below recipe is inspired by [[wikipedia:Neapolitan ragù|Neapolitan ragù]], a dish that originated in Naples and is widely eaten in the Campania region of Italy. It's also popular among Italian-American families who call it Sunday sauce or Sunday gravy. The recipe presented here is a faster version of the authentic dish which takes several hours to prepare. It omits wine but includes carrots and celery. ==Ingredients== *1 lb (454 g) dried pasta *1½ lbs beef chuck, cut into approximately 1½-inch chunks *1 lb Italian sausage (approximately 4–5 links) *3 tablespoons extra-virgin olive oil *1 medium onion, finely chopped *2 medium carrots, finely chopped *2 celery stalks, finely chopped *3 cloves garlic, minced *2 cans (28 oz each) crushed tomatoes *6 oz tomato paste *1 tablespoon dried oregano *1 tablespoon dried basil *Salt, to taste *Freshly grated [[wikipedia:Parmigiano Reggiano|Parmigiano Reggiano]], for serving == Equipment == *A [[wikipedia:Dutch oven|Dutch oven]] or a thick-walled, aluminum ''caldero'' *a large pot for cooking pasta in boiling water *a large pair of tongs *a large spoon for stirring *a kitchen knife *a cheese grater *a measuring cup *measuring spoons *a food scale == Procedure == *Heat the olive oil in a large in a thick-walled pot. *Add the beef chuck. Season the beef lightly with salt. *Cook, turning occasionally, until the beef develops a brown crust, approximately 8–12 minutes. Work in batches if necessary to avoid overcrowding. *Remove the beef from the pot and set aside. *Reduce the heat to medium. *Add the chopped carrots, celery, and onion to the same pot, using the remaining oil and rendered fat from the meat. *Cook for approximately 8–10 minutes, stirring occasionally, until the vegetables have softened. Be careful not to burn them. *Make a small opening in the center of the vegetables and add the minced garlic. *Cook until the garlic becomes lightly golden, approximately 30–60 seconds. *Immediately add the crushed tomatoes to prevent the garlic from burning. Stir thoroughly to combine with the vegetables. *Add the tomato paste and mix well until completely incorporated. *Add the oregano and basil, stirring to distribute the herbs evenly throughout the sauce. *Season with salt to taste, keeping in mind that the sausages will contribute additional salt and allow the mixture to simmer for one to two minutes. *Return the browned beef chuck and add the raw Italian sausages to the pot, along with any accumulated juices. *Stir gently, making sure the meat is submerged in the tomato sauce. *Bring the sauce to a gentle simmer, then reduce the heat to low. *Simmer for 2 hours with the pot lid on, leaving it slightly ajar. Stir approximately every 10 minutes to prevent the sauce from sticking to the bottom of the pot. Keep the heat low enough that the sauce bubbles gently rather than boiling vigorously. *Approximately 10 minutes before the sauce finishes simmering, bring a large pot of salted water to a boil. *Add the entire 1-pound box of dried pasta. *Cook until slightly underdone, approximately 1–2 minutes less than the package's recommended cooking time. Do not drain the pasta or discard the cooking water. *Using tongs, transfer the slightly undercooked pasta directly from the boiling water into the pot of ragù. *Stir thoroughly so that every piece of pasta is coated with sauce. *Add ¼ cup of pasta water and continue simmering over medium-low heat until the pasta is tender but not mushy and the sauce clings evenly to it. *Divide the pasta and ragù among serving plates, distributing the beef and sausage as desired. *Grate fresh Parmigiano Reggiano generously over each serving. *Serve immediately while hot. 1u3aaqs2jge040puc1lqvqwzr6mk1zm Indian Cell Tower Radiation Norms 0 486633 4679381 4679036 2026-11-01T01:00:48Z JackBot 396820 Formatting, [[Special:UncategorizedPages]] 4679381 wikitext text/x-wiki == Indian Cell Tower Radiation Norms == This book gives information about radiation coming from mobile communication towers in India. Information on electromagnetic fields or EMF, radiation standards of the Indian government, radiation guidelines put forward by the Department of Telecommunications (DoT), how to measure radiation and awareness amongst the public is given == Table of Contents == introduction to Cell Tower Radiation Electromagnetic Fields (EMF) Mobile Tower Radiation in India Radiation Standards by Indian Government Guidelines by Department of Telecommunications Radiation Testing and Monitoring Public Safety and Awareness Conclusion References {{shelves}} dphtlxg970x1rspq9bnn2pn40g0pmpw User:Cornor-02/sandbox 2 486639 4679416 4679104 2026-11-01T08:04:25Z Cornor-02 3626626 ## Changes Made to the AHB-to-APB Bridge Design - Studied and documented the AMBA AHB and APB protocols. - Designed the AHB-to-APB Bridge architecture to enable communication between high-performance AHB and low-bandwidth APB peripherals. - Implemented the AHB slave interface to receive address, control, read and write data. - Developed the APB controller using a Finite State Machine (FSM) with Idle, Setup and Access states. - Implemented address decoding and peripheral selection logic. - Added 4679416 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>{{Delete|example=false|Encyclopedic articles belong at [[w:|Wikipedia]]}}</noinclude> = AHB-to-APB బ్రిడ్జి = '''AHB-to-APB బ్రిడ్జి''' అనేది AMBA (Advanced Microcontroller Bus Architecture) ఆధారిత సిస్టమ్-ఆన్-చిప్ (SoC) రూపకల్పనలో ఉపయోగించే బస్ ఇంటర్‌ఫేస్ భాగం. ఇది AHB (Advanced High-performance Bus) మరియు APB (Advanced Peripheral Bus) మధ్య సమాచార మార్పిడిని నిర్వహిస్తుంది. AHB వైపు నుంచి వచ్చే పెరిఫెరల్ యాక్సెస్ అభ్యర్థనలను APB ప్రోటోకాల్‌కు అనుగుణంగా మార్చడం దీని ప్రధాన విధి.<ref name="AHB">{{cite web |title=AMBA AHB Protocol Specification|url=https://developer.arm.com/documentation/ihi0033/c/|website=Arm Developer}}</ref> AHB-to-APB బ్రిడ్జిలు మైక్రోకంట్రోలర్లు, ఎంబెడెడ్ సిస్టమ్‌లు మరియు ఇతర SoC రూపకల్పనల్లో ఉపయోగించబడతాయి. ఇవి అధిక పనితీరు గల బస్ మరియు తక్కువ బ్యాండ్‌విడ్త్ అవసరమయ్యే పెరిఫెరల్ పరికరాల మధ్య అనుసంధానాన్ని అందిస్తాయి. టైమర్లు, UART, GPIO వంటి పెరిఫెరల్ బ్లాక్‌ల నియంత్రణ రిజిస్టర్లను యాక్సెస్ చేయడానికి APB ఉపయోగపడుతుంది.<ref name="AMBA">{{cite web |title=AMBA Specifications|url=https://www.arm.com/architecture/system-architectures/amba/amba-specifications|website=Arm}}</ref> == చరిత్ర మరియు నేపథ్యం == సిస్టమ్-ఆన్-చిప్ రూపకల్పనల్లో ప్రాసెసర్, మెమరీ, డైరెక్ట్ మెమరీ యాక్సెస్ కంట్రోలర్‌లు మరియు పెరిఫెరల్ పరికరాల మధ్య సమాచార మార్పిడి అవసరం. ఈ భాగాలను అనుసంధానించడానికి ప్రామాణిక బస్ ఇంటర్‌ఫేస్‌లు ఉపయోగించబడతాయి. Arm సంస్థ అభివృద్ధి చేసిన AMBA ప్రమాణం, చిప్‌లోని వివిధ హార్డ్‌వేర్ భాగాల మధ్య సమాచార మార్పిడికి ఒక సాధారణ నిర్మాణాన్ని అందిస్తుంది. ఈ ప్రమాణంలో విభిన్న పనితీరు మరియు వినియోగ అవసరాలకు అనుగుణంగా అనేక బస్ ప్రోటోకాల్‌లు ఉన్నాయి. AHB అధిక పనితీరు అవసరమయ్యే బదిలీల కోసం ఉపయోగించబడుతుంది. APB మాత్రం సాధారణంగా తక్కువ బ్యాండ్‌విడ్త్ కలిగిన పెరిఫెరల్ పరికరాల నియంత్రణ మరియు డేటా బదిలీల కోసం ఉపయోగించబడుతుంది. ఈ రెండు ప్రోటోకాల్‌ల మధ్య సమాచార మార్పిడిని నిర్వహించడానికి AHB-to-APB బ్రిడ్జి ఉపయోగించబడుతుంది. ప్రారంభ AMBA రూపకల్పనల్లో AHB మరియు APB బస్‌ల మధ్య బ్రిడ్జి నిర్మాణం వివరించబడింది. తరువాతి AMBA సంస్కరణల్లో APB ప్రోటోకాల్‌కు అదనపు లక్షణాలు చేర్చబడ్డాయి. అందువల్ల బ్రిడ్జి యొక్క ఖచ్చితమైన పనితీరు అది ఉపయోగించే ప్రోటోకాల్ సంస్కరణ మరియు నిర్దిష్ట హార్డ్‌వేర్ అమలుపై ఆధారపడి ఉంటుంది.<ref name="OldArm">{{cite web |title=AHB Example AMBA System Technical Reference Manual|url=https://documentation-service.arm.com/static/5f1061300daa596235e7b232|website=Arm Documentation}}</ref> == AMBA బస్ నిర్మాణం == [[File:AMBA_బస్_నిర్మాణం.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:AMBA_%E0%B0%AC%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A3%E0%B0%82.jpg|alt=ప్రాసెసర్, మెమరీ మరియు పెరిఫెరల్ పరికరాల మధ్య సమాచార మార్పిడికి ఉపయోగించే AMBA బస్ నిర్మాణాన్ని చూపించే చిత్రం.]] AMBA అనేది సిస్టమ్-ఆన్-చిప్‌లోని హార్డ్‌వేర్ భాగాలను అనుసంధానించడానికి రూపొందించిన ఓపెన్ స్టాండర్డ్. ఇది ప్రాసెసర్‌లు, మెమరీలు, బస్ కంట్రోలర్‌లు మరియు పెరిఫెరల్ పరికరాల మధ్య సమాచార మార్పిడికి అవసరమైన ఇంటర్‌ఫేస్‌లను నిర్వచిస్తుంది. AMBA బస్ ప్రోటోకాల్‌లను ఉపయోగించడం ద్వారా వివిధ రూపకల్పన బృందాలు రూపొందించిన హార్డ్‌వేర్ బ్లాక్‌లను ఒకే చిప్‌లో సమన్వయపరచవచ్చు. ఈ విధానం రూపకల్పన పునర్వినియోగాన్ని సులభతరం చేస్తుంది. AMBA కుటుంబంలోని ముఖ్యమైన ప్రోటోకాల్‌లలో AHB, APB మరియు AXI ఉన్నాయి. వీటిలో ప్రతి ఒక్కటి వేర్వేరు పనితీరు అవసరాలకు అనుగుణంగా రూపొందించబడింది. === AHB === AHB అనేది అధిక పనితీరు గల బస్ ప్రోటోకాల్. ఇది ప్రాసెసర్‌లు, మెమరీలు మరియు అధిక వేగంతో సమాచార మార్పిడి అవసరమయ్యే ఇతర భాగాల మధ్య బదిలీలకు ఉపయోగపడుతుంది. AHBలో చిరునామా, నియంత్రణ మరియు డేటా సంబంధిత దశలు నిర్వచించబడతాయి. AHB ప్రోటోకాల్‌లో చిరునామా మరియు డేటా దశలు పైప్‌లైన్ విధానంలో నిర్వహించబడవచ్చు. దీనివల్ల వరుస బదిలీలను సమర్థవంతంగా నిర్వహించడానికి అవకాశం ఉంటుంది. === APB === APB అనేది తక్కువ బ్యాండ్‌విడ్త్ కలిగిన పెరిఫెరల్ పరికరాల కోసం రూపొందించిన బస్ ప్రోటోకాల్. ఇది తక్కువ సంక్లిష్టతతో నియంత్రణ రిజిస్టర్లను యాక్సెస్ చేయడానికి అనువుగా ఉంటుంది. APB సాధారణంగా టైమర్లు, సీరియల్ కమ్యూనికేషన్ ఇంటర్‌ఫేస్‌లు, GPIO మరియు ఇతర నియంత్రణ పరికరాలకు ఉపయోగించబడుతుంది. AHBతో పోలిస్తే దీని బదిలీ విధానం సరళంగా ఉంటుంది. === బ్రిడ్జి అవసరం === AHB మరియు APB వేర్వేరు బదిలీ విధానాలను ఉపయోగిస్తాయి. AHB నుంచి వచ్చిన అభ్యర్థనను APB బదిలీగా మార్చి, అవసరమైన నియంత్రణ దశలను నిర్వహించాల్సి ఉంటుంది. ఈ పనిని AHB-to-APB బ్రిడ్జి నిర్వహిస్తుంది. == AHB-to-APB బ్రిడ్జి నిర్మాణం == AHB-to-APB బ్రిడ్జి యొక్క అంతర్గత నిర్మాణం నిర్దిష్ట రూపకల్పనపై ఆధారపడి ఉంటుంది. సాధారణంగా దీనిలో AHB వైపు ఇంటర్‌ఫేస్, APB వైపు ఇంటర్‌ఫేస్, నియంత్రణ తర్కం, చిరునామా నిర్వహణ మరియు అవసరమైన డేటా నిల్వ భాగాలు ఉంటాయి. === AHB ఇంటర్‌ఫేస్ === AHB ఇంటర్‌ఫేస్, AHB బస్‌లోని మాస్టర్ లేదా ఇంటర్‌కనెక్ట్ నుంచి వచ్చే లావాదేవీలను స్వీకరిస్తుంది. ఇది చిరునామా, రీడ్ లేదా రైట్ ఆపరేషన్, బదిలీ రకం మరియు డేటాకు సంబంధించిన సంకేతాలను ఉపయోగిస్తుంది. AHB వ్యవస్థలో బ్రిడ్జి సాధారణంగా స్లేవ్ లేదా క్లయింట్ ఇంటర్‌ఫేస్ పాత్రను నిర్వహిస్తుంది. ప్రోటోకాల్ సంస్కరణ మరియు వ్యవస్థ నిర్మాణాన్ని బట్టి అధికారిక పదజాలం మారవచ్చు. === APB ఇంటర్‌ఫేస్ === APB ఇంటర్‌ఫేస్, పెరిఫెరల్ పరికరానికి చిరునామా, రీడ్ లేదా రైట్ నియంత్రణ మరియు అవసరమైన డేటాను అందిస్తుంది. అలాగే రీడ్ డేటా మరియు బదిలీ స్థితి సమాచారాన్ని స్వీకరిస్తుంది. APB వైపు బ్రిడ్జి సాధారణంగా బస్ మాస్టర్ పాత్రను నిర్వహిస్తుంది. ఇది APB ప్రోటోకాల్‌లోని సెటప్ మరియు యాక్సెస్ దశలను నియంత్రిస్తుంది. === నియంత్రణ తర్కం === నియంత్రణ తర్కం AHB అభ్యర్థనను స్వీకరించిన తరువాత APB బదిలీని నిర్వహిస్తుంది. ఈ తర్కం సాధారణంగా ఫైనైట్ స్టేట్ మెషీన్ (FSM) రూపంలో రూపొందించబడుతుంది. [[File:AHB-to-APB_బ్రిడ్జి_FSM_రేఖాచిత్రం.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:AHB-to-APB_%E0%B0%AC%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%A1%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9C%E0%B0%BF_FSM_%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%96%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%9A%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%82.jpg|alt=AHB-to-APB బ్రిడ్జి బదిలీ నియంత్రణలో Idle, Setup మరియు Access స్థితుల మధ్య జరిగే మార్పులను చూపించే రేఖాచిత్రం.]] FSM ప్రస్తుత స్థితి, ఇన్‌పుట్ సంకేతాలు మరియు బదిలీ పూర్తయిన స్థితి ఆధారంగా తదుపరి చర్యను నిర్ణయిస్తుంది. సాధారణ అమలులో Idle, Setup, Access వంటి స్థితులు ఉండవచ్చు. వాస్తవ స్థితుల పేర్లు మరియు సంఖ్య రూపకల్పనపై ఆధారపడి ఉంటాయి. === చిరునామా డీకోడింగ్ === చిరునామా డీకోడింగ్ ద్వారా AHB అభ్యర్థన ఏ పెరిఫెరల్‌కు సంబంధించినదో నిర్ణయించబడుతుంది. చిరునామా పరిధి ఆధారంగా తగిన APB ఎంపిక సంకేతం సక్రియం చేయబడుతుంది. ఉదాహరణకు, ఒక వ్యవస్థలో UART, GPIO మరియు టైమర్‌లకు వేర్వేరు చిరునామా పరిధులు కేటాయించవచ్చు. ఈ పరిధులు వ్యవస్థ మెమరీ మ్యాప్‌లో నిర్వచించబడతాయి. == బ్రిడ్జి పని విధానం == AHB-to-APB బ్రిడ్జి, AHB బదిలీని APB బదిలీగా మార్చే క్రమాన్ని నిర్వహిస్తుంది. సాధారణంగా ఈ ప్రక్రియలో అభ్యర్థన స్వీకరణ, చిరునామా మరియు నియంత్రణ సమాచారాన్ని గుర్తించడం, APB సెటప్ దశ, APB యాక్సెస్ దశ మరియు ఫలితాన్ని AHB వైపు అందించడం ఉంటాయి. మొదట AHB వైపు నుంచి పెరిఫెరల్ యాక్సెస్ అభ్యర్థన వస్తుంది. బ్రిడ్జి ఆ అభ్యర్థనను గుర్తించి, సంబంధిత చిరునామా మరియు రీడ్ లేదా రైట్ సమాచారాన్ని ఉపయోగిస్తుంది. తరువాత బ్రిడ్జి APB చిరునామా మరియు నియంత్రణ సంకేతాలను సిద్ధం చేస్తుంది. APB ప్రోటోకాల్ ప్రకారం సెటప్ దశను నిర్వహించి, ఆ తరువాత యాక్సెస్ దశలోకి ప్రవేశిస్తుంది. పెరిఫెరల్ సిద్ధంగా ఉంటే బదిలీ పూర్తవుతుంది. పెరిఫెరల్ అదనపు వేచి ఉండే చక్రాలను కోరితే, APB ప్రోటോకాల్‌కు అనుగుణంగా యాక్సెస్ దశ కొనసాగుతుంది. బదిలీ పూర్తయిన తరువాత ఫలితం AHB వైపు అందించబడుతుంది. AHB వైపు వేచి ఉండే చక్రాలు మరియు ప్రతిస్పందనలను ఎలా నిర్వహించాలో బ్రిడ్జి అమలు, AHB సంస్కరణ మరియు సిస్టమ్ నిర్మాణంపై ఆధారపడి ఉంటుంది.<ref name="BridgeManual">{{cite web |title=AMBA Design Kit Technical Reference Manual|url=https://documentation-service.arm.com/static/5f106f130daa596235e8245b|website=Arm Documentation}}</ref> == APB బదిలీ దశలు == [[File:APB_బదిలీ_టైమింగ్_రేఖాచిత్రం.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:APB_%E0%B0%AC%E0%B0%A6%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%80_%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%88%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%97%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%96%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%9A%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%82.jpg|alt=APB బదిలీలో PSEL, PENABLE, PREADY మరియు చిరునామా, డేటా సంకేతాల సమయ సంబంధాన్ని చూపించే టైమింగ్ రేఖాచిత్రం.]] APB బదిలీలో సాధారణంగా Setup మరియు Access అనే రెండు ప్రధాన దశలు ఉంటాయి. === Setup దశ === Setup దశలో పెరిఫెరల్ ఎంపిక సంకేతం PSEL సక్రియం అవుతుంది. చిరునామా PADDR, బదిలీ దిశ PWRITE మరియు రైట్ డేటా PWDATA వంటి సంకేతాలు అవసరమైన విలువలను కలిగి ఉంటాయి. ఈ దశలో పెరిఫెరల్ బదిలీకి సంబంధించిన సమాచారాన్ని గుర్తించడానికి అవకాశం ఉంటుంది. Setup దశ సాధారణంగా ఒక క్లాక్ చక్రం ఉంటుంది. === Access దశ === తదుపరి క్లాక్ చక్రంలో PENABLE సక్రియం చేయబడుతుంది. ఈ దశలో పెరిఫెరల్‌తో డేటా మార్పిడి జరుగుతుంది. PREADY సంకేతం ఉపయోగించే APB సంస్కరణల్లో, పెరిఫెరల్ బదిలీ పూర్తయినదో లేదో ఈ సంకేతం తెలియజేస్తుంది. PREADY సక్రియంగా లేకపోతే యాక్సెస్ దశ మరిన్ని క్లాక్ చక్రాలు కొనసాగవచ్చు. బదిలీ పూర్తయిన తరువాత ఎంపిక మరియు యాక్సెస్ సంకేతాలు ప్రోటోకాల్ ప్రకారం మారుతాయి. ఒకే APB బదిలీని పునరావృతం చేయకుండా, నియంత్రణ తర్కం తదుపరి లావాదేవీకి సిద్ధమవుతుంది.<ref name="APB">{{cite web |title=AMBA APB Protocol Specification|url=https://support.arm.com/documentation/ihi0024/d/?lang=en|website=Arm Support}}</ref> == రైట్ లావాదేవీ == రైట్ లావాదేవీలో ప్రాసెసర్ లేదా ఇతర AHB మాస్టర్ ఒక పెరిఫెరల్ రిజిస్టర్‌కు డేటాను రాయాలని అభ్యర్థిస్తుంది. బ్రిడ్జి చిరునామా మరియు రైట్ నియంత్రణ సమాచారాన్ని గుర్తిస్తుంది. ఆ తరువాత APB చిరునామా PADDR, రైట్ దిశను సూచించే PWRITE మరియు రైట్ డేటా PWDATA సంకేతాలను నిర్వహిస్తుంది. Setup దశలో పెరిఫెరల్ ఎంపిక చేయబడుతుంది. Access దశలో PENABLE సక్రియం అవుతుంది. పెరిఫెరల్ సిద్ధంగా ఉన్నప్పుడు బదిలీ పూర్తవుతుంది. ఉదాహరణకు, ఒక UART పెరిఫెరల్‌లో ట్రాన్స్‌మిట్ డేటా రిజిస్టర్‌కు విలువ రాయడం ఒక రైట్ లావాదేవీ కావచ్చు. అయితే, ఏ రిజిస్టర్‌కు ఏ చిరునామా కేటాయించబడిందో సంబంధిత చిప్ డాక్యుమెంటేషన్ ఆధారంగా తెలుసుకోవాలి. == రీడ్ లావాదేవీ == రీడ్ లావాదేవీలో AHB మాస్టర్ ఒక పెరిఫెరల్ రిజిస్టర్‌లోని విలువను చదవాలని అభ్యర్థిస్తుంది. బ్రిడ్జి చిరునామా మరియు రీడ్ నియంత్రణ సమాచారాన్ని ఉపయోగించి APB బదిలీని ప్రారంభిస్తుంది. సంబంధిత పెరిఫెరల్ PADDR ద్వారా సూచించిన చిరునామాకు సంబంధించిన విలువను PRDATA ద్వారా అందిస్తుంది. పెరిఫెరల్ సిద్ధంగా ఉన్నప్పుడు, బ్రిడ్జి రీడ్ డేటాను స్వీకరిస్తుంది. ఆ తరువాత అమలులో నిర్వచించిన విధంగా AHB వైపు డేటా మరియు బదిలీ ప్రతిస్పందన అందించబడతాయి. రీడ్ మరియు రైట్ లావాదేవీలలో APB నియంత్రణ సంకేతాల ఉపయోగం ఒకే విధంగా ఉండదు. అందువల్ల రీడ్ డేటా మరియు రైట్ డేటా మార్గాలను ప్రోటోకాల్‌కు అనుగుణంగా నిర్వహించాలి. == ముఖ్యమైన సంకేతాలు == AHB-to-APB బ్రిడ్జి ఉపయోగించే సంకేతాలు ప్రోటోకాల్ సంస్కరణ మరియు నిర్దిష్ట అమలుపై ఆధారపడి ఉంటాయి. సాధారణంగా కనిపించే కొన్ని సంకేతాలు కింద ఇవ్వబడ్డాయి. {| class="wikitable" !సంకేతం !వివరణ |- |HADDR |AHB చిరునామా సంకేతం |- |HWRITE |AHB బదిలీ రీడ్ లేదా రైట్ దిశను సూచిస్తుంది |- |HWDATA |AHB రైట్ డేటా |- |HRDATA |AHB రీడ్ డేటా |- |HREADY |AHB బదిలీ స్థితికి సంబంధించిన సంకేతం |- |HRESP |AHB ప్రతిస్పందన సంకేతం |- |PADDR |APB చిరునామా |- |PSEL |APB పెరిఫెరల్ ఎంపిక సంకేతం |- |PENABLE |APB యాక్సెస్ దశను సూచిస్తుంది |- |PWRITE |APB రీడ్ లేదా రైట్ దిశను సూచిస్తుంది |- |PWDATA |APB రైట్ డేటా |- |PRDATA |APB రీడ్ డేటా |- |PREADY |APB బదిలీ పూర్తయినదో లేదో సూచిస్తుంది |- |PSLVERR |మద్దతు ఉన్న APB సంస్కరణల్లో స్లేవ్ లోప ప్రతిస్పందనను సూచిస్తుంది |} ప్రతి అమలులో ఈ సంకేతాలన్నీ ఉండకపోవచ్చు. ముఖ్యంగా APB యొక్క పాత సంస్కరణలు మరియు కొత్త సంస్కరణల మధ్య సంకేతాల సమితిలో తేడాలు ఉంటాయి. == క్లాక్ మరియు రీసెట్ == డిజిటల్ బస్ రూపకల్పనలో క్లాక్ సంకేతం సీక్వెన్షియల్ నియంత్రణను సమన్వయపరుస్తుంది. బ్రిడ్జి క్లాక్ డొమైన్‌లు, పెరిఫెరల్ క్లాక్‌లు మరియు రీసెట్ సంకేతాలను సిస్టమ్ రూపకల్పన ప్రకారం నిర్వహించాలి. AHB మరియు APB ఒకే క్లాక్‌ను ఉపయోగిస్తాయా లేదా వేర్వేరు క్లాక్ డొమైన్‌లలో పనిచేస్తాయా అనే విషయం నిర్దిష్ట అమలుపై ఆధారపడి ఉంటుంది. వేర్వేరు క్లాక్ డొమైన్‌ల మధ్య సమాచార మార్పిడి ఉంటే, సరైన సింక్రొనైజేషన్ పద్ధతులు అవసరమవుతాయి. రీసెట్ సమయంలో నియంత్రణ తర్కం మరియు బదిలీ స్థితులు నిర్వచించిన ప్రారంభ స్థితికి చేరుకోవాలి. రీసెట్ పూర్తయిన తరువాత బ్రిడ్జి సాధారణ బదిలీలను నిర్వహించడానికి సిద్ధంగా ఉంటుంది. క్లాక్ గేటింగ్ ఉపయోగించే వ్యవస్థల్లో, అవసరమైన క్లాక్ సక్రియంగా ఉన్నప్పుడే సంబంధిత బదిలీలు జరగవచ్చు. ఈ ప్రవర్తన నిర్దిష్ట చిప్ మరియు పవర్ మేనేజ్‌మెంట్ రూపకల్పనపై ఆధారపడి ఉంటుంది. == పెరిఫెరల్ పరికరాలతో అనుసంధానం == APB సాధారణంగా తక్కువ బ్యాండ్‌విడ్త్ కలిగిన పెరిఫెరల్ పరికరాల కోసం ఉపయోగించబడుతుంది. ఈ పరికరాల నియంత్రణ రిజిస్టర్లను చదవడం లేదా రాయడం ద్వారా వాటి పనితీరును నిర్వహించవచ్చు. === UART === UART ఒక సీరియల్ కమ్యూనికేషన్ ఇంటర్‌ఫేస్. దీని నియంత్రణ రిజిస్టర్లలో బాడ్ రేట్, ట్రాన్స్‌మిట్ డేటా మరియు రిసీవ్ డేటాకు సంబంధించిన సెట్టింగ్‌లు ఉండవచ్చు. AHB-to-APB బ్రిడ్జి ద్వారా ఈ రిజిస్టర్లను యాక్సెస్ చేయవచ్చు. === GPIO === GPIO పోర్టులు డిజిటల్ ఇన్‌పుట్ మరియు అవుట్‌పుట్‌లను నిర్వహించడానికి ఉపయోగపడతాయి. వాటి దిశ, అవుట్‌పుట్ విలువ మరియు ఇన్‌పుట్ స్థితి వంటి సమాచారాన్ని రిజిస్టర్ల ద్వారా నియంత్రించవచ్చు. === టైమర్లు === టైమర్లు మరియు కౌంటర్లు కాల వ్యవధులను కొలవడానికి, సంఘటనలను లెక్కించడానికి లేదా అంతరాయాలను ఉత్పత్తి చేయడానికి ఉపయోగపడతాయి. వాటి నియంత్రణ రిజిస్టర్లను APB ద్వారా యాక్సెస్ చేయవచ్చు. === ఇతర పెరిఫెరల్స్ === సిస్టమ్ రూపకల్పనపై ఆధారపడి ఇతర నియంత్రణ రిజిస్టర్లు కలిగిన పరికరాలు కూడా APB బస్‌కు అనుసంధానించబడవచ్చు. ప్రతి పరికరానికి కేటాయించిన చిరునామా పరిధి మరియు నియంత్రణ సంకేతాలు సంబంధిత హార్డ్‌వేర్ డాక్యుమెంటేషన్‌లో నిర్వచించబడతాయి. == పనితీరు మరియు ఆలస్యం == AHB-to-APB బ్రిడ్జి ద్వారా జరిగే బదిలీకి AHB వైపు అభ్యర్థన స్వీకరణతో పాటు APB సెటప్ మరియు యాక్సెస్ దశలు అవసరమవుతాయి. అందువల్ల నేరుగా అధిక పనితీరు గల బస్‌లో జరిగే బదిలీతో పోలిస్తే అదనపు క్లాక్ చక్రాలు అవసరమయ్యే అవకాశం ఉంది. బదిలీ ఆలస్యం బ్రిడ్జి నియంత్రణ తర్కం, APB ప్రోటోకాల్ సంస్కరణ, పెరిఫెరల్ సిద్ధంగా ఉండే సమయం మరియు క్లాక్ నిర్మాణం వంటి అంశాలపై ఆధారపడి ఉంటుంది. పెరిఫెరల్ బదిలీ పూర్తయ్యే వరకు AHB వైపు వేచి ఉండాల్సిన సందర్భాలు ఉండవచ్చు. ఈ సమయంలో AHB వ్యవస్థలోని ఇతర భాగాల పనితీరుపై ప్రభావం పడవచ్చు. వాస్తవ ప్రభావం బస్ ఇంటర్‌కనెక్ట్ మరియు బ్రిడ్జి అమలుపై ఆధారపడి ఉంటుంది. పనితీరును అంచనా వేయడానికి సిమ్యులేషన్, టైమింగ్ విశ్లేషణ మరియు హార్డ్‌వేర్ పరీక్షలను ఉపయోగించవచ్చు. కొలిచిన విలువలు లేకుండా నిర్దిష్ట గడియార వేగం లేదా ఆలస్యం గురించి సంఖ్యాత్మక వాదనలు చేయకూడదు. == ప్రయోజనాలు == * అధిక పనితీరు గల AHB బస్ మరియు తక్కువ బ్యాండ్‌విడ్త్ పెరిఫెరల్స్ మధ్య అనుసంధానాన్ని అందిస్తుంది. * పెరిఫెరల్ నియంత్రణ రిజిస్టర్లను ప్రామాణిక ఇంటర్‌ఫేస్ ద్వారా యాక్సెస్ చేయడానికి సహాయపడుతుంది. * బస్ నిర్మాణాన్ని విభజించి, వివిధ హార్డ్‌వేర్ బ్లాక్‌లను సమన్వయపరచడానికి అవకాశం కల్పిస్తుంది. * APB సరళమైన బదిలీ విధానం తక్కువ సంక్లిష్టత కలిగిన పెరిఫెరల్ రూపకల్పనలకు అనుకూలంగా ఉంటుంది. * ప్రామాణిక బస్ ఇంటర్‌ఫేస్‌లను ఉపయోగించడం ద్వారా హార్డ్‌వేర్ రూపకల్పన పునర్వినియోగానికి సహాయపడుతుంది. == పరిమితులు == * బ్రిడ్జి ద్వారా జరిగే బదిలీలకు అదనపు నియంత్రణ దశలు అవసరమవుతాయి. * APB తక్కువ బ్యాండ్‌విడ్త్ పెరిఫెరల్ యాక్సెస్ కోసం రూపొందించబడినందున, అధిక వేగంతో పెద్ద మొత్తంలో డేటా బదిలీ అవసరమయ్యే పనులకు ఇది సాధారణంగా ప్రధాన బస్‌గా ఉపయోగించబడదు. * పెరిఫెరల్ సిద్ధంగా లేకపోతే బదిలీ పూర్తవడానికి అదనపు క్లాక్ చక్రాలు అవసరమవుతాయి. * క్లాక్ డొమైన్‌లు లేదా రీసెట్ నిర్మాణాలు భిన్నంగా ఉన్నప్పుడు అదనపు రూపకల్పన జాగ్రత్తలు అవసరం కావచ్చు. * సరైన చిరునామా డీకోడింగ్ మరియు నియంత్రణ తర్కం లేకపోతే తప్పు పెరిఫెరల్ యాక్సెస్ లేదా బదిలీ లోపాలు సంభవించవచ్చు. == రూపకల్పన మరియు ధృవీకరణ == AHB-to-APB బ్రిడ్జిని రూపొందించేటప్పుడు ప్రోటోకాల్ అనుసరణ, చిరునామా డీకోడింగ్, రీడ్ మరియు రైట్ డేటా మార్గాలు, బదిలీ స్థితులు మరియు రీసెట్ ప్రవర్తనను పరిశీలించాలి. డిజైన్‌ను ధృవీకరించడానికి సాధారణంగా RTL సిమ్యులేషన్ మరియు టెస్ట్‌బెంచ్‌లు ఉపయోగించబడతాయి. టెస్ట్‌బెంచ్ ద్వారా వివిధ చిరునామాలు, రీడ్ మరియు రైట్ లావాదేవీలు, పెరిఫెరల్ వేచి ఉండే పరిస్థితులు మరియు లోప ప్రతిస్పందనలను పరీక్షించవచ్చు. సిమ్యులేషన్‌లో AHB అభ్యర్థన APB బదిలీగా సరిగ్గా మారుతుందో లేదో పరిశీలించాలి. అలాగే రీడ్ డేటా సరైన సమయంలో తిరిగి అందించబడుతుందా, రైట్ డేటా సరైన చిరునామాకు చేరుతుందా మరియు బదిలీ పూర్తయ్యే సంకేతాలు సరిగ్గా పనిచేస్తున్నాయా అని ధృవీకరించాలి. సింథసిస్ మరియు టైమింగ్ విశ్లేషణ ద్వారా రూపకల్పన లక్ష్య హార్డ్‌వేర్‌కు అనుకూలంగా ఉందో లేదో పరిశీలించవచ్చు. వాస్తవ సిమ్యులేషన్ లేదా సింథసిస్ ఫలితాలు అందుబాటులో లేకపోతే, వాటి గురించి నిర్దిష్ట ఫలితాలు వచ్చినట్లు పేర్కొనకూడదు. == ముగింపు == AHB-to-APB బ్రిడ్జి అనేది AMBA ఆధారిత సిస్టమ్-ఆన్-చిప్ నిర్మాణంలో ముఖ్యమైన అనుసంధాన భాగం. ఇది అధిక పనితీరు గల AHB బస్ మరియు తక్కువ బ్యాండ్‌విడ్త్ పెరిఫెరల్ పరికరాల కోసం రూపొందించిన APB బస్ మధ్య సమాచార మార్పిడిని నిర్వహిస్తుంది. చిరునామా మరియు నియంత్రణ సమాచారాన్ని నిర్వహించడం, APB బదిలీ దశలను నియంత్రించడం మరియు రీడ్ లేదా రైట్ ఫలితాలను AHB వైపు అందించడం దీని ప్రధాన విధులు. దీని సరైన రూపకల్పన మరియు ధృవీకరణ ఎంబెడెడ్ సిస్టమ్‌లు మరియు SoCలలో పెరిఫెరల్ యాక్సెస్‌ను సమర్థవంతంగా నిర్వహించడానికి సహాయపడతాయి. [[File:AHB-to-APB_బ్రిడ్జి_సాంకేతిక_అవలోకనం.png|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:AHB-to-APB_%E0%B0%AC%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%A1%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9C%E0%B0%BF_%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95_%E0%B0%85%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%82.png|alt=AHB ఇంటర్‌ఫేస్ నుంచి AHB-to-APB బ్రిడ్జి ద్వారా APB ఇంటర్‌ఫేస్‌కు, అక్కడి నుంచి UART, GPIO, టైమర్ మరియు ఇతర పెరిఫెరల్ పరికరాలకు సమాచార మార్పిడిని చూపించే నిర్మాణ రేఖాచిత్రం.]] == మూలాలు == <references /> == మరింత సమాచారం == * [https://www.arm.com/architecture/system-architectures/amba/amba-specifications Arm AMBA Specifications] * [https://developer.arm.com/documentation/ihi0033/c/ AMBA AHB Protocol Specification] * [https://support.arm.com/documentation/ihi0024/d/?lang=en AMBA APB Protocol Specification] * [https://documentation-service.arm.com/static/5f106f130daa596235e8245b AMBA Design Kit Technical Reference Manual] * [https://onlinedocs.microchip.com/oxy/GUID-22527069-B4D6-49B9-BACC-3AF1C52EB48C-en-US-21/GUID-36C50391-130A-40F0-B333-0093066A2945.html Microchip AHB-APB Bridge Documentation] 9p80ug5gjidcciliamdrk9f328mh4ur Mamiya-6 IVB Owner's Guide 0 486647 4679360 4679170 2026-10-31T21:32:51Z Lprakash450 3629876 Loading the film: step-by-step photos 4679360 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Status|100%}} [[File:Mamiya-6 IVB - Front, camera open (cover).jpg|thumb|300px|right|The Mamiya-6 IVB, open]] This book explains how to use the '''Mamiya-Six IVB''', a 6×6 cm folding rangefinder camera made in Japan from 1955. It is written for beginners. Each step has a photo of the part you need. '''The one thing to remember:''' winding the film does '''not''' arm the shutter on this camera. Before '''every''' picture you must wind to the next frame '''and''' arm the shutter. == About the camera == * [[w:Mamiya|Mamiya]] was founded in Tokyo in 1940. Its first camera was the folding [[w:Mamiya Six|Mamiya Six]]. * The Mamiya Six focuses by moving the '''film''', not the lens, using a wheel on the back. * The IVB (1955) has a larger, square finder window. It uses 120 film and takes 12 square pictures per roll. * The 1989 Mamiya 6 is a different camera. Its manual does not apply. == A short history == === The Mamiya company === * '''1940:''' Camera designer Seiichi Mamiya and his financial backer, Tsunejiro Sugawara, founded [[w:Mamiya|Mamiya]] in Tokyo in May 1940. Its first camera was the [[w:Mamiya Six|Mamiya Six]], a folding 6×6 cm rangefinder. * '''Lens making:''' In 1947 Mamiya bought a lens maker in Setagaya, Tokyo. By 1950 it was called Setagaya Koki, and its Sekor lenses went on many Mamiya cameras. * '''Later cameras:''' Mamiya became known for professional medium-format cameras, including the C-series twin-lens cameras, the Mamiya Press (1962), the RB67 (1970), the M645 (1975), the RZ67 (1982) and the Mamiya 7 (1995). * '''Ownership:''' In 2006 the camera business moved to Mamiya Digital Imaging. The Danish company Phase One bought a major stake in 2009 and bought Mamiya outright in 2015. === The Mamiya Six folding series === * '''Back focusing:''' Most folding cameras focus by moving the lens. Seiichi Mamiya patented a design in 1939 in which the lens stays still and the '''film moves'''. That is why the camera focuses with a wheel on the back. * '''Model IV (1947):''' The first post-war model. It dropped the waist-level finder. * '''Model V (1953):''' Added a second picture size, 6×4.5 cm. * '''Model IVB (1955):''' Like the Model IV, with a new top plate and larger, square finder and rangefinder windows. * '''Automat (1955):''' Winding the film also armed the shutter. On the IVB you must arm the shutter by hand. * The folding Mamiya Six was sold new until about 1958, in about twelve versions. == Know your camera == These views show where each part is. The numbers match the parts list below. You do not need to learn them all now; each later step shows the one part you need. <gallery mode="packed" heights="200px"> File:Mamiya-6 IVB - Front, camera closed, parts numbered.jpg|Front, closed File:Mamiya-6 IVB - Front, camera open, parts numbered.jpg|Front, open File:Mamiya-6 IVB - Back, parts numbered.jpg|Back File:Mamiya-6 IVB - Top plate, parts numbered.jpg|Top File:Mamiya-6 IVB - Inside with back open, parts numbered.jpg|Inside, back open </gallery> === Parts list === {| class="wikitable" ! No. !! Part !! What it does |- | 1 || Front-release button || Chrome button on the front of the body, just above the bed. Press it to open the camera. |- | 2 || Film winding knob || Turn it in the direction of its arrow to move the film to the next frame. |- | 3 || Frame counter || Numbered ring under the winding knob (1 to 12). |- | 4 || Film-speed memo || Small window on top of the winding knob. Set it to your film's ISO (ASA) as a reminder. It does not change the exposure. |- | 5 || Brake lever || Small knurled pin on the back, below the winding knob. Push it toward the arrow to unlock the wind. |- | 6 || Focusing wheel || Toothed wheel on the back. Roll it to focus. It moves the film, not the lens. |- | 7 || Infinity arrow || Arrow and ∞ mark above the focusing wheel. Roll toward it to focus farther away. |- | 8 || Eyepiece || Look here to frame and focus. A red patch here means this frame is already used. |- | 9 || Viewfinder window || Large window on the front. |- | 10 || Rangefinder window || Small window on the front. Keep your fingers off it. |- | 11 || Distance and depth-of-field dial || Top-plate dial. Shows the focus distance in meters and the zone that will look sharp. |- | 12 || Shutter release button || Chrome button on the top plate. Press it to take the picture. Its center takes a screw-in cable release. |- | 13 || Accessory shoe || Holds a flash, light meter or extra finder. |- | 14 || Back lock || Chrome catch on the end of the body. Slide it to open the back. |- | 15 || Red window slide || Covers the red window. Keep it closed except when setting frame 1. |- | 16 || Red window || Shows the numbers printed on the film's backing paper. |- | 17 || Lens || Olympus D.Zuiko F.C. 7.5 cm (75 mm) f/3.5. |- | 18 || Shutter speed ring || Silver front ring marked 500, 250, 100, 50, 25, 10, 5, 2, 1, B. |- | 19 || Red index line || Short red line above the speed ring. The speed under it is the one that is set. |- | 20 || Aperture lever || Small tab on the side of the shutter. Its tip points to the f-number on the scale (3.5 to 22). |- | 21 || Shutter arming lever || Toothed half-disc on the upper left of the shutter. Push it until it locks before every picture. |- | 22 || Flash socket || Brass post on the side of the shutter for a flash cord. From the front it looks like a small brass tube. |- | 23 || Flash sync lever (M-F-X) || Red lever. Use X for electronic flash. |- | 24 || Lens struts || Chrome arms that hold the lens out. Press them to close the camera. |- | 25 || Bellows || Light-tight folding sleeve. Handle with care. |- | 26 || Front bed || The cover that folds down when the camera opens. |- | 27 || Take-up chamber || Under the winding knob. The empty spool goes here. |- | 28 || Feed chamber || The new roll of film goes here. |- | 29 || Film roller || Chrome roller that guides the film. |- | 30 || Film guide flaps || Top and bottom flaps. The film and pressure plate slide under them. |- | 31 || Pressure plate || Removable plate that holds the film flat. Its arrow shows how to slide it in. |- | 32 || Spool holder || Holds each spool. Pull the knob under the camera to release it. |} == Opening the camera == [[File:Mamiya-6 IVB - Front, camera closed, parts numbered.jpg|thumb|300px|right|Press the button (1) above the bed (26).]] # Hold the camera with the top plate up and the bed facing away from you. # Press the chrome front-release button '''(1)''' just above the bed. # The bed drops and the lens springs forward. Guide the bed down with your hand. # Check that both struts are straight and locked. The lens must not wobble. Do not pull the lens out by hand, pry the bed open, or press on the bellows. {{clear}} == Setting the shutter speed == [[File:Mamiya-6 IVB - Setting the shutter speed.jpg|thumb|300px|right|Turn the silver ring until the speed you want is under the red line.]] The shutter speed is how long the shutter stays open. You set it with the silver ring on the front of the lens. # Find the short '''red line''' at the top of the lens. It never moves. # Put a fingertip on the ridged edge of the silver ring. # Turn it left or right until the number you want sits under the red line. The ring stops at 500 and at B; never force it. # Set it exactly on a number. Set the speed '''before''' you arm the shutter. {{clear}} {| class="wikitable" ! On the ring !! Real speed !! When to use it |- | 500 || 1/500 second || Bright sun, fast action |- | 250 || 1/250 second || Sunny day, people walking |- | 100 || 1/100 second || Best everyday speed hand-held |- | 50 || 1/50 second || Shade or cloudy days. Hold very still. |- | 25, 10, 5, 2 || 1/25 to 1/2 second || Indoors or dusk. Use a tripod. |- | 1 || 1 second || Night. Tripod and cable release. |- | B || Open as long as the button is held || Longer than 1 second. Tripod and cable release. |} Ignore the small black numbers behind the silver ring. Read the speed only on the silver ring. == Setting the aperture == [[File:Mamiya-6 IVB - Aperture lever.jpg|thumb|300px|right|The aperture lever is a small tab beside the f-numbers.]] The aperture is the size of the opening in the lens. It is shown as an f-number. # Find the small tab on the left side of the shutter, next to the f-numbers. # Push it with a fingertip. It slides along the scale. # The tip of the tab points to the f-number: 3.5, 4, 5.6, 8, 11, 16, 22. {{clear}} <gallery mode="packed" heights="180px"> File:Mamiya-6 IVB - Aperture set to f5.6.jpg|Before: about f/5.6 File:Mamiya-6 IVB - Aperture set to f11.jpg|After sliding the tab: f/11 </gallery> {| class="wikitable" ! Setting !! Opening !! Result |- | f/3.5 or f/4 || Large || Most light. Only a thin zone is sharp. |- | f/8 or f/11 || Medium || Good everyday setting. |- | f/16 or f/22 || Small || Least light. Almost everything is sharp. |} == Arming and firing the shutter == [[File:Mamiya-6 IVB - Shutter cocking lever.jpg|thumb|300px|right|The shutter lever is the toothed half-disc.]] Try this with no film loaded. # Find the toothed half-disc on the upper left of the shutter. Do not confuse it with the brass tube below it; that is the flash socket. # Push it gently in the only direction it moves, until it stops and stays there. The shutter is now armed. # Press the chrome release button on the top plate slowly. You hear a click. # Look into the eyepiece. A red patch means this frame is used. With film loaded, wind on when you see red. {{clear}} [[File:Mamiya-6 IVB - Shutter release button.jpg|thumb|240px|right|The release button on the top plate]] [[File:Mamiya-6 IVB - Double-exposure signal in eyepiece.jpg|thumb|240px|right|Red in the eyepiece: this frame is used. Wind on first.]] '''Test every speed:''' open the back, point the camera at a bright window and look through the lens. Arm and fire at each speed. If slow speeds stick, fire each one 10 to 20 times. If that does not help, the shutter needs a service. '''Release will not fire?''' Check that the shutter is armed, the struts are locked, and there is no red in the eyepiece. {{clear}} == Focusing == [[File:Mamiya-6 IVB - Focusing wheel.jpg|thumb|300px|right|Roll the focusing wheel (6) with your right thumb.]] # Look through the eyepiece. In the middle you see a small, brighter patch. # Point the patch at your subject. If it is out of focus, you see two copies of it. # Roll the toothed wheel '''(6)''' on the back with your right thumb until the two copies merge. # Rolling toward the arrow focuses farther away (∞). {{clear}} [[File:Mamiya-6 IVB - Distance and depth-of-field dial.jpg|thumb|300px|right|Distance (in meters) and depth-of-field dial (11)]] * The dial on the top plate '''(11)''' shows the distance in '''meters''' (1 m is about 3.3 ft). * The U-shaped lines show what will look sharp at f/3.5, 8, 11 and 22. * Quick street setting: f/22, focus at about 4 m. About 2 m to far away looks sharp. * The closest focus is about 1 m. Up close, leave extra room at the top of the frame, because the finder sits above the lens. {{clear}} == Film and checks == [[File:Mamiya-6 IVB - Film-speed reminder.jpg|thumb|240px|right|Set the film-speed reminder (4) to your film ISO.]] * Use '''120''' roll film (not 35 mm or 220). You get '''12 square pictures''' per roll. * ISO 400 film is easiest for beginners. * Set the film-speed reminder '''(4)''' to your film's ISO. It does not change the exposure. * Load and unload in the shade. '''Bellows light test:''' in a dark room, open the camera and the back. Shine a small flashlight inside the bellows and look at the outside. Any pinpoint of light is a leak. Seal tiny holes with black fabric paint; large tears need new bellows. {{clear}} == Loading the film == Load and unload film in the shade. === Step 1: Open the back === [[File:Mamiya-6 IVB - Back lock.jpg|thumb|200px|right|Slide the back lock (14).]] Slide the back lock '''(14)''' on the end of the body. Swing the back open. {{clear}} === Step 2: Slide out the pressure plate === [[File:Mamiya-6 IVB - Loading 1 - pressure plate in place.jpg|thumb|260px|right|The pressure plate sits under the guide flaps.]] The black pressure plate '''(31)''' sits under the top and bottom guide flaps '''(30)'''. Slide it out sideways and set it aside. Note the arrow on it. {{clear}} === Step 3: Check the two sides === [[File:Mamiya-6 IVB - Loading 2 - pressure plate removed.jpg|thumb|260px|right|Take-up side (27) and feed side (28)]] * The '''empty spool''' goes on the take-up side '''(27)''', under the winding knob. * The '''new roll''' goes on the other side, the feed side '''(28)'''. * To fit a spool, pull out the knob under the camera, drop the spool in, and let the knob snap back. {{clear}} === Step 4: Draw the paper under the flaps === [[File:Mamiya-6 IVB - Loading 3 - paper under the flaps.jpg|thumb|260px|right|The paper goes under both flaps.]] Break the paper seal on the new roll. Pull out the pointed end. Draw it across the film opening and tuck it '''under''' both guide flaps. {{clear}} === Step 5: Push the tip into the empty spool === [[File:Mamiya-6 IVB - Loading 4 - tip into the spool slot.jpg|thumb|260px|right|Push the tip into the spool slot.]] Push the pointed end into the wide slot of the empty spool. The printed side of the paper faces '''you'''. {{clear}} === Step 6: Slide the pressure plate back in === [[File:Mamiya-6 IVB - Loading 5 - sliding the pressure plate back.jpg|thumb|260px|right|Slide the plate in the way the arrow points.]] Slide the plate back under the flaps, the way its arrow points. Push it in evenly. {{clear}} === Step 7: Wind a little === [[File:Mamiya-6 IVB - Loading 6 - plate in, paper on take-up spool.jpg|thumb|260px|right|Plate in place, paper on the take-up spool]] Turn the winding knob two or three times. The paper winds onto the take-up spool. {{clear}} === Step 8: Check it is straight, then close === [[File:Mamiya-6 IVB - Loading 7 - paper wound on straight.jpg|thumb|260px|right|The paper should sit straight between the spool ends.]] The paper should sit straight between the spool ends. If it rubs one end, open up and reload it. Then close the back and press until the lock catches. {{clear}} == Setting frame 1 and winding on == [[File:Mamiya-6 IVB - Red window and slide.jpg|thumb|300px|right|Red window slide (15) and red window (16)]] # Slide the cover '''(15)''' to uncover the red window '''(16)'''. # Turn the winding knob '''(2)''' slowly in the direction of its arrow. Stop when the number '''1''' is centered. # Close the red window cover right away. # After each picture, push the brake lever '''(5)''' toward its arrow, then let go. # Turn the winding knob until it stops by itself. If it does not stop, use the red window for each number and close the cover each time. {{clear}} <gallery mode="packed" heights="170px"> File:Mamiya-6 IVB - Winding knob.jpg|Winding direction File:Mamiya-6 IVB - Brake lever.jpg|Brake lever (5) </gallery> == Taking a picture: checklist == # Wind to a fresh frame. No red in the eyepiece. # Set the shutter speed under the red line. # Set the aperture. # Arm the shutter. # Focus: merge the two images. # Frame the picture. Keep fingers off the lens and the small front window. # Breathe out. Press the release slowly. # Wind on right away. Hold the body in both hands. The camera has no strap lugs; use a case or a strap that screws into the tripod socket. == Choosing the exposure == The camera has no light meter. Use a hand-held meter, a phone light-meter app, or this table (the "Sunny 16" rule). {| class="wikitable" ! Light !! Aperture !! ISO 100 film !! ISO 400 film |- | Bright sun, sharp shadows || f/16 || 1/100 || 1/500 |- | Hazy sun, soft shadows || f/11 || 1/100 || 1/500 |- | Cloudy, light shadows || f/8 || 1/100 || 1/500 |- | Heavy overcast || f/5.6 || 1/100 || 1/500 |- | Open shade || f/4 || 1/100 || 1/500 |} == Unloading the film == # After frame 12, push the brake lever and keep winding until the knob turns easily. # Open the back in the shade. Pull out the knob under the take-up side and lift out the roll. Hold it tight. # Fold the paper end under and seal it with the sticky tab. # Move the empty spool to the take-up side, ready for the next roll. == Closing the camera == [[File:Mamiya-6 IVB - Lens strut.jpg|thumb|220px|right|Press the strut joints (24) inward.]] # Set the focus to far away (∞). # Press both strut joints '''(24)''' inward with your thumbs. # Fold the lens back. Check that the bellows is not caught. # Press the bed shut until it clicks. Never push on the lens or the speed ring to close it. Do not store the camera with the shutter armed. {{clear}} == Using flash == [[File:Mamiya-6 IVB - Flash socket and sync lever.jpg|thumb|220px|right|Flash socket (22) and M-F-X sync lever (23)]] * Set the red sync lever '''(23)''' to '''X''' for an electronic flash. X works at every speed. * Plug the flash cord into the socket '''(22)'''. An old socket may need an adapter. * The accessory shoe '''(13)''' has no electric contact, so the cord is needed. * Aperture = flash guide number ÷ distance. {{clear}} == Care and troubleshooting == {| class="wikitable" ! Problem !! Likely cause !! What to do |- | Slow speeds stick || Old oil in the shutter || Fire each slow speed 10 to 20 times. If it still sticks, get a shutter service. |- | Light streaks or spots || Bellows pinholes, or red window left open || Do the bellows test. Keep the red window closed. |- | Photos soft everywhere || Struts not locked, or rangefinder out of line || Check the struts and that the images merge at ∞. |- | Two pictures on one frame || Forgot to wind || Check for red in the eyepiece before shooting. |- | Blank frame || Shutter not armed || Arm before every shot. |- | Hazy photos || Haze or fungus in the lens || Have a repair shop clean the lens. |} Store the camera closed, in a case, in a dry place. Fire the shutter every few weeks. == Quick reference == {| class="wikitable" ! Task !! What to do |- | Open || Press the button above the bed. Check the struts are locked. |- | Frame 1 || Open the red window cover on the back. Wind until "1" shows. Close the cover. |- | Speed || Turn the silver ring on the lens. The number under the red line is the speed. |- | Aperture || Slide the small tab beside the f-numbers. |- | Arm shutter || Push the toothed half-disc lever until it stays. |- | Focus || Roll the wheel on the back until the two images in the finder merge. |- | Wind || Push the brake lever, then wind until it stops. Red in the finder means wind first. |- | Close || Focus to ∞. Press the struts inward. Fold the bed shut. |} == Sources == * Mamiya Camera Co., ''Instructions for Use of the Mamiya-6'' (1955 booklet). * Wikipedia: [[w:Mamiya|Mamiya]] and [[w:Mamiya Six|Mamiya Six]]. * Mike Eckman, "Mamiya 6 Model V (1953)", mikeeckman.com. * Part locations and photos: a Mamiya-6 IVB. {{Subjects|Photography}} {{Alphabetical|M}} tc5n7mveb1l7fq48vqvc3frb3m9qkle 4679361 4679360 2026-10-31T21:37:27Z Lprakash450 3629876 Focusing: add rangefinder diagram 4679361 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Status|100%}} [[File:Mamiya-6 IVB - Front, camera open (cover).jpg|thumb|300px|right|The Mamiya-6 IVB, open]] This book explains how to use the '''Mamiya-Six IVB''', a 6×6 cm folding rangefinder camera made in Japan from 1955. It is written for beginners. Each step has a photo of the part you need. '''The one thing to remember:''' winding the film does '''not''' arm the shutter on this camera. Before '''every''' picture you must wind to the next frame '''and''' arm the shutter. == About the camera == * [[w:Mamiya|Mamiya]] was founded in Tokyo in 1940. Its first camera was the folding [[w:Mamiya Six|Mamiya Six]]. * The Mamiya Six focuses by moving the '''film''', not the lens, using a wheel on the back. * The IVB (1955) has a larger, square finder window. It uses 120 film and takes 12 square pictures per roll. * The 1989 Mamiya 6 is a different camera. Its manual does not apply. == A short history == === The Mamiya company === * '''1940:''' Camera designer Seiichi Mamiya and his financial backer, Tsunejiro Sugawara, founded [[w:Mamiya|Mamiya]] in Tokyo in May 1940. Its first camera was the [[w:Mamiya Six|Mamiya Six]], a folding 6×6 cm rangefinder. * '''Lens making:''' In 1947 Mamiya bought a lens maker in Setagaya, Tokyo. By 1950 it was called Setagaya Koki, and its Sekor lenses went on many Mamiya cameras. * '''Later cameras:''' Mamiya became known for professional medium-format cameras, including the C-series twin-lens cameras, the Mamiya Press (1962), the RB67 (1970), the M645 (1975), the RZ67 (1982) and the Mamiya 7 (1995). * '''Ownership:''' In 2006 the camera business moved to Mamiya Digital Imaging. The Danish company Phase One bought a major stake in 2009 and bought Mamiya outright in 2015. === The Mamiya Six folding series === * '''Back focusing:''' Most folding cameras focus by moving the lens. Seiichi Mamiya patented a design in 1939 in which the lens stays still and the '''film moves'''. That is why the camera focuses with a wheel on the back. * '''Model IV (1947):''' The first post-war model. It dropped the waist-level finder. * '''Model V (1953):''' Added a second picture size, 6×4.5 cm. * '''Model IVB (1955):''' Like the Model IV, with a new top plate and larger, square finder and rangefinder windows. * '''Automat (1955):''' Winding the film also armed the shutter. On the IVB you must arm the shutter by hand. * The folding Mamiya Six was sold new until about 1958, in about twelve versions. == Know your camera == These views show where each part is. The numbers match the parts list below. You do not need to learn them all now; each later step shows the one part you need. <gallery mode="packed" heights="200px"> File:Mamiya-6 IVB - Front, camera closed, parts numbered.jpg|Front, closed File:Mamiya-6 IVB - Front, camera open, parts numbered.jpg|Front, open File:Mamiya-6 IVB - Back, parts numbered.jpg|Back File:Mamiya-6 IVB - Top plate, parts numbered.jpg|Top File:Mamiya-6 IVB - Inside with back open, parts numbered.jpg|Inside, back open </gallery> === Parts list === {| class="wikitable" ! No. !! Part !! What it does |- | 1 || Front-release button || Chrome button on the front of the body, just above the bed. Press it to open the camera. |- | 2 || Film winding knob || Turn it in the direction of its arrow to move the film to the next frame. |- | 3 || Frame counter || Numbered ring under the winding knob (1 to 12). |- | 4 || Film-speed memo || Small window on top of the winding knob. Set it to your film's ISO (ASA) as a reminder. It does not change the exposure. |- | 5 || Brake lever || Small knurled pin on the back, below the winding knob. Push it toward the arrow to unlock the wind. |- | 6 || Focusing wheel || Toothed wheel on the back. Roll it to focus. It moves the film, not the lens. |- | 7 || Infinity arrow || Arrow and ∞ mark above the focusing wheel. Roll toward it to focus farther away. |- | 8 || Eyepiece || Look here to frame and focus. A red patch here means this frame is already used. |- | 9 || Viewfinder window || Large window on the front. |- | 10 || Rangefinder window || Small window on the front. Keep your fingers off it. |- | 11 || Distance and depth-of-field dial || Top-plate dial. Shows the focus distance in meters and the zone that will look sharp. |- | 12 || Shutter release button || Chrome button on the top plate. Press it to take the picture. Its center takes a screw-in cable release. |- | 13 || Accessory shoe || Holds a flash, light meter or extra finder. |- | 14 || Back lock || Chrome catch on the end of the body. Slide it to open the back. |- | 15 || Red window slide || Covers the red window. Keep it closed except when setting frame 1. |- | 16 || Red window || Shows the numbers printed on the film's backing paper. |- | 17 || Lens || Olympus D.Zuiko F.C. 7.5 cm (75 mm) f/3.5. |- | 18 || Shutter speed ring || Silver front ring marked 500, 250, 100, 50, 25, 10, 5, 2, 1, B. |- | 19 || Red index line || Short red line above the speed ring. The speed under it is the one that is set. |- | 20 || Aperture lever || Small tab on the side of the shutter. Its tip points to the f-number on the scale (3.5 to 22). |- | 21 || Shutter arming lever || Toothed half-disc on the upper left of the shutter. Push it until it locks before every picture. |- | 22 || Flash socket || Brass post on the side of the shutter for a flash cord. From the front it looks like a small brass tube. |- | 23 || Flash sync lever (M-F-X) || Red lever. Use X for electronic flash. |- | 24 || Lens struts || Chrome arms that hold the lens out. Press them to close the camera. |- | 25 || Bellows || Light-tight folding sleeve. Handle with care. |- | 26 || Front bed || The cover that folds down when the camera opens. |- | 27 || Take-up chamber || Under the winding knob. The empty spool goes here. |- | 28 || Feed chamber || The new roll of film goes here. |- | 29 || Film roller || Chrome roller that guides the film. |- | 30 || Film guide flaps || Top and bottom flaps. The film and pressure plate slide under them. |- | 31 || Pressure plate || Removable plate that holds the film flat. Its arrow shows how to slide it in. |- | 32 || Spool holder || Holds each spool. Pull the knob under the camera to release it. |} == Opening the camera == [[File:Mamiya-6 IVB - Front, camera closed, parts numbered.jpg|thumb|300px|right|Press the button (1) above the bed (26).]] # Hold the camera with the top plate up and the bed facing away from you. # Press the chrome front-release button '''(1)''' just above the bed. # The bed drops and the lens springs forward. Guide the bed down with your hand. # Check that both struts are straight and locked. The lens must not wobble. Do not pull the lens out by hand, pry the bed open, or press on the bellows. {{clear}} == Setting the shutter speed == [[File:Mamiya-6 IVB - Setting the shutter speed.jpg|thumb|300px|right|Turn the silver ring until the speed you want is under the red line.]] The shutter speed is how long the shutter stays open. You set it with the silver ring on the front of the lens. # Find the short '''red line''' at the top of the lens. It never moves. # Put a fingertip on the ridged edge of the silver ring. # Turn it left or right until the number you want sits under the red line. The ring stops at 500 and at B; never force it. # Set it exactly on a number. Set the speed '''before''' you arm the shutter. {{clear}} {| class="wikitable" ! On the ring !! Real speed !! When to use it |- | 500 || 1/500 second || Bright sun, fast action |- | 250 || 1/250 second || Sunny day, people walking |- | 100 || 1/100 second || Best everyday speed hand-held |- | 50 || 1/50 second || Shade or cloudy days. Hold very still. |- | 25, 10, 5, 2 || 1/25 to 1/2 second || Indoors or dusk. Use a tripod. |- | 1 || 1 second || Night. Tripod and cable release. |- | B || Open as long as the button is held || Longer than 1 second. Tripod and cable release. |} Ignore the small black numbers behind the silver ring. Read the speed only on the silver ring. == Setting the aperture == [[File:Mamiya-6 IVB - Aperture lever.jpg|thumb|300px|right|The aperture lever is a small tab beside the f-numbers.]] The aperture is the size of the opening in the lens. It is shown as an f-number. # Find the small tab on the left side of the shutter, next to the f-numbers. # Push it with a fingertip. It slides along the scale. # The tip of the tab points to the f-number: 3.5, 4, 5.6, 8, 11, 16, 22. {{clear}} <gallery mode="packed" heights="180px"> File:Mamiya-6 IVB - Aperture set to f5.6.jpg|Before: about f/5.6 File:Mamiya-6 IVB - Aperture set to f11.jpg|After sliding the tab: f/11 </gallery> {| class="wikitable" ! Setting !! Opening !! Result |- | f/3.5 or f/4 || Large || Most light. Only a thin zone is sharp. |- | f/8 or f/11 || Medium || Good everyday setting. |- | f/16 or f/22 || Small || Least light. Almost everything is sharp. |} == Arming and firing the shutter == [[File:Mamiya-6 IVB - Shutter cocking lever.jpg|thumb|300px|right|The shutter lever is the toothed half-disc.]] Try this with no film loaded. # Find the toothed half-disc on the upper left of the shutter. Do not confuse it with the brass tube below it; that is the flash socket. # Push it gently in the only direction it moves, until it stops and stays there. The shutter is now armed. # Press the chrome release button on the top plate slowly. You hear a click. # Look into the eyepiece. A red patch means this frame is used. With film loaded, wind on when you see red. {{clear}} [[File:Mamiya-6 IVB - Shutter release button.jpg|thumb|240px|right|The release button on the top plate]] [[File:Mamiya-6 IVB - Double-exposure signal in eyepiece.jpg|thumb|240px|right|Red in the eyepiece: this frame is used. Wind on first.]] '''Test every speed:''' open the back, point the camera at a bright window and look through the lens. Arm and fire at each speed. If slow speeds stick, fire each one 10 to 20 times. If that does not help, the shutter needs a service. '''Release will not fire?''' Check that the shutter is armed, the struts are locked, and there is no red in the eyepiece. {{clear}} == Focusing == [[File:Mamiya-6 IVB - Rangefinder focusing diagram.png|thumb|400px|center|What you see in the bright patch of the finder]] [[File:Mamiya-6 IVB - Focusing wheel.jpg|thumb|300px|right|Roll the focusing wheel (6) with your right thumb.]] # Look through the eyepiece. In the middle you see a small, brighter patch. # Point the patch at your subject. If it is out of focus, you see two copies of it. # Roll the toothed wheel '''(6)''' on the back with your right thumb until the two copies merge. # Rolling toward the arrow focuses farther away (∞). {{clear}} [[File:Mamiya-6 IVB - Distance and depth-of-field dial.jpg|thumb|300px|right|Distance (in meters) and depth-of-field dial (11)]] * The dial on the top plate '''(11)''' shows the distance in '''meters''' (1 m is about 3.3 ft). * Distances are measured from the back of the camera (the film), not from the lens. * The U-shaped lines show what will look sharp at f/3.5, 8, 11 and 22. * Quick street setting: f/22, focus at about 4 m. About 2 m to far away looks sharp. * The closest focus is about 1 m. Up close, leave extra room at the top of the frame, because the finder sits above the lens. {{clear}} == Film and checks == [[File:Mamiya-6 IVB - Film-speed reminder.jpg|thumb|240px|right|Set the film-speed reminder (4) to your film ISO.]] * Use '''120''' roll film (not 35 mm or 220). You get '''12 square pictures''' per roll. * ISO 400 film is easiest for beginners. * Set the film-speed reminder '''(4)''' to your film's ISO. It does not change the exposure. * Load and unload in the shade. '''Bellows light test:''' in a dark room, open the camera and the back. Shine a small flashlight inside the bellows and look at the outside. Any pinpoint of light is a leak. Seal tiny holes with black fabric paint; large tears need new bellows. {{clear}} == Loading the film == Load and unload film in the shade. === Step 1: Open the back === [[File:Mamiya-6 IVB - Back lock.jpg|thumb|200px|right|Slide the back lock (14).]] Slide the back lock '''(14)''' on the end of the body. Swing the back open. {{clear}} === Step 2: Slide out the pressure plate === [[File:Mamiya-6 IVB - Loading 1 - pressure plate in place.jpg|thumb|260px|right|The pressure plate sits under the guide flaps.]] The black pressure plate '''(31)''' sits under the top and bottom guide flaps '''(30)'''. Slide it out sideways and set it aside. Note the arrow on it. {{clear}} === Step 3: Check the two sides === [[File:Mamiya-6 IVB - Loading 2 - pressure plate removed.jpg|thumb|260px|right|Take-up side (27) and feed side (28)]] * The '''empty spool''' goes on the take-up side '''(27)''', under the winding knob. * The '''new roll''' goes on the other side, the feed side '''(28)'''. * To fit a spool, pull out the knob under the camera, drop the spool in, and let the knob snap back. {{clear}} === Step 4: Draw the paper under the flaps === [[File:Mamiya-6 IVB - Loading 3 - paper under the flaps.jpg|thumb|260px|right|The paper goes under both flaps.]] Break the paper seal on the new roll. Pull out the pointed end. Draw it across the film opening and tuck it '''under''' both guide flaps. {{clear}} === Step 5: Push the tip into the empty spool === [[File:Mamiya-6 IVB - Loading 4 - tip into the spool slot.jpg|thumb|260px|right|Push the tip into the spool slot.]] Push the pointed end into the wide slot of the empty spool. The printed side of the paper faces '''you'''. {{clear}} === Step 6: Slide the pressure plate back in === [[File:Mamiya-6 IVB - Loading 5 - sliding the pressure plate back.jpg|thumb|260px|right|Slide the plate in the way the arrow points.]] Slide the plate back under the flaps, the way its arrow points. Push it in evenly. {{clear}} === Step 7: Wind a little === [[File:Mamiya-6 IVB - Loading 6 - plate in, paper on take-up spool.jpg|thumb|260px|right|Plate in place, paper on the take-up spool]] Turn the winding knob two or three times. The paper winds onto the take-up spool. {{clear}} === Step 8: Check it is straight, then close === [[File:Mamiya-6 IVB - Loading 7 - paper wound on straight.jpg|thumb|260px|right|The paper should sit straight between the spool ends.]] The paper should sit straight between the spool ends. If it rubs one end, open up and reload it. Then close the back and press until the lock catches. {{clear}} == Setting frame 1 and winding on == [[File:Mamiya-6 IVB - Red window and slide.jpg|thumb|300px|right|Red window slide (15) and red window (16)]] # Slide the cover '''(15)''' to uncover the red window '''(16)'''. # Turn the winding knob '''(2)''' slowly in the direction of its arrow. Stop when the number '''1''' is centered. # Close the red window cover right away. # After each picture, push the brake lever '''(5)''' toward its arrow, then let go. # Turn the winding knob until it stops by itself. If it does not stop, use the red window for each number and close the cover each time. {{clear}} <gallery mode="packed" heights="170px"> File:Mamiya-6 IVB - Winding knob.jpg|Winding direction File:Mamiya-6 IVB - Brake lever.jpg|Brake lever (5) </gallery> == Taking a picture: checklist == # Wind to a fresh frame. No red in the eyepiece. # Set the shutter speed under the red line. # Set the aperture. # Arm the shutter. # Focus: merge the two images. # Frame the picture. Keep fingers off the lens and the small front window. # Breathe out. Press the release slowly. # Wind on right away. Hold the body in both hands. The camera has no strap lugs; use a case or a strap that screws into the tripod socket. == Choosing the exposure == The camera has no light meter. Use a hand-held meter, a phone light-meter app, or this table (the "Sunny 16" rule). {| class="wikitable" ! Light !! Aperture !! ISO 100 film !! ISO 400 film |- | Bright sun, sharp shadows || f/16 || 1/100 || 1/500 |- | Hazy sun, soft shadows || f/11 || 1/100 || 1/500 |- | Cloudy, light shadows || f/8 || 1/100 || 1/500 |- | Heavy overcast || f/5.6 || 1/100 || 1/500 |- | Open shade || f/4 || 1/100 || 1/500 |} == Unloading the film == # After frame 12, push the brake lever and keep winding until the knob turns easily. # Open the back in the shade. Pull out the knob under the take-up side and lift out the roll. Hold it tight. # Fold the paper end under and seal it with the sticky tab. # Move the empty spool to the take-up side, ready for the next roll. == Closing the camera == [[File:Mamiya-6 IVB - Lens strut.jpg|thumb|220px|right|Press the strut joints (24) inward.]] # Set the focus to far away (∞). # Press both strut joints '''(24)''' inward with your thumbs. # Fold the lens back. Check that the bellows is not caught. # Press the bed shut until it clicks. Never push on the lens or the speed ring to close it. Do not store the camera with the shutter armed. {{clear}} == Using flash == [[File:Mamiya-6 IVB - Flash socket and sync lever.jpg|thumb|220px|right|Flash socket (22) and M-F-X sync lever (23)]] * Set the red sync lever '''(23)''' to '''X''' for an electronic flash. X works at every speed. * Plug the flash cord into the socket '''(22)'''. An old socket may need an adapter. * The accessory shoe '''(13)''' has no electric contact, so the cord is needed. * Aperture = flash guide number ÷ distance. {{clear}} == Care and troubleshooting == {| class="wikitable" ! Problem !! Likely cause !! What to do |- | Slow speeds stick || Old oil in the shutter || Fire each slow speed 10 to 20 times. If it still sticks, get a shutter service. |- | Light streaks or spots || Bellows pinholes, or red window left open || Do the bellows test. Keep the red window closed. |- | Photos soft everywhere || Struts not locked, or rangefinder out of line || Check the struts and that the images merge at ∞. |- | Two pictures on one frame || Forgot to wind || Check for red in the eyepiece before shooting. |- | Blank frame || Shutter not armed || Arm before every shot. |- | Hazy photos || Haze or fungus in the lens || Have a repair shop clean the lens. |} Store the camera closed, in a case, in a dry place. Fire the shutter every few weeks. == Quick reference == {| class="wikitable" ! Task !! What to do |- | Open || Press the button above the bed. Check the struts are locked. |- | Frame 1 || Open the red window cover on the back. Wind until "1" shows. Close the cover. |- | Speed || Turn the silver ring on the lens. The number under the red line is the speed. |- | Aperture || Slide the small tab beside the f-numbers. |- | Arm shutter || Push the toothed half-disc lever until it stays. |- | Focus || Roll the wheel on the back until the two images in the finder merge. |- | Wind || Push the brake lever, then wind until it stops. Red in the finder means wind first. |- | Close || Focus to ∞. Press the struts inward. Fold the bed shut. |} == Sources == * Mamiya Camera Co., ''Instructions for Use of the Mamiya-6'' (1955 booklet). * Wikipedia: [[w:Mamiya|Mamiya]] and [[w:Mamiya Six|Mamiya Six]]. * Mike Eckman, "Mamiya 6 Model V (1953)", mikeeckman.com. * Part locations and photos: a Mamiya-6 IVB. {{Subjects|Photography}} {{Alphabetical|M}} 3zoyuu2xg5hinnd6tql17q1qz4xpoy4 User talk:RISHILPU/sandbox 3 486649 4679431 4679115 2026-11-01T10:00:32Z MathXplore 3097823 /* Regarding deletion nomination of my PCM sandbox */ reply ([[mw:c:Special:MyLanguage/User:JWBTH/CD|CD]]) 4679431 wikitext text/x-wiki == Regarding deletion nomination of my PCM sandbox == Hello MathXplore, I noticed that my sandbox page, User/sandbox, was marked for speedy deletion under the criterion "Encyclopedic articles belong at Wikipedia." My intention is to develop this content as an educational learning resource for students studying Pulse Code Modulation (PCM), not as an encyclopedia article. I am willing to improve the content by adding detailed explanations, block diagrams, mathematical derivations, worked examples, and practice questions. Could you please clarify whether restructuring the page into a textbook-style learning chapter would make it suitable for Wikibooks? Thank you for your guidance. [[User:RISHILPU|RISHILPU]] ([[User talk:RISHILPU|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/RISHILPU|contribs]]) 04:57, 31 October 2026 (UTC) : Yes, I think restructuring the page into a textbook-style learning chapter would make it suitable for Wikibooks. [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 10:00, 1 November 2026 (UTC) giycyp701z63gmp0o67x0fqunih69g3 4679432 4679431 2026-11-01T10:13:31Z RISHILPU 3629676 /* Regarding deletion nomination of my PCM sandbox */ Reply 4679432 wikitext text/x-wiki == Regarding deletion nomination of my PCM sandbox == Hello MathXplore, I noticed that my sandbox page, User/sandbox, was marked for speedy deletion under the criterion "Encyclopedic articles belong at Wikipedia." My intention is to develop this content as an educational learning resource for students studying Pulse Code Modulation (PCM), not as an encyclopedia article. I am willing to improve the content by adding detailed explanations, block diagrams, mathematical derivations, worked examples, and practice questions. Could you please clarify whether restructuring the page into a textbook-style learning chapter would make it suitable for Wikibooks? Thank you for your guidance. [[User:RISHILPU|RISHILPU]] ([[User talk:RISHILPU|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/RISHILPU|contribs]]) 04:57, 31 October 2026 (UTC) : Yes, I think restructuring the page into a textbook-style learning chapter would make it suitable for Wikibooks. [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 10:00, 1 November 2026 (UTC) ::I will make it like a textbook-style reading materials. [[User:RISHILPU|RISHILPU]] ([[User talk:RISHILPU|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/RISHILPU|contribs]]) 10:13, 1 November 2026 (UTC) csm2nb7cs8orqgfmfqsi9c8e0kypiuu User:Mrmnv536/sandbox 2 486654 4679345 4679124 2026-10-31T18:59:23Z Mrmnv536 3629789 added topic name 4679345 wikitext text/x-wiki EQUIBOT : SELF BALANCING ROBOT h4ki7eh44xnztt002fp3wzisu33q3ql User:Shubham1240/sandbox 2 486657 4679442 4679137 2026-11-01T10:45:01Z Shubham1240 3629905 topic 4679442 wikitext text/x-wiki == 5G network architecture: == 7xjl4l4psg3qw3eyreq1gfxyid51vlg Self-Publishing and Book Formatting 0 486687 4679286 2026-10-31T15:15:52Z ~2026-58011-05 3629981 Create practical reference guide on print-on-demand trim sizes, gutter margins, spine width formulas, EPUB 3 conformance, and book formatting software 4679286 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Self-Publishing and Book Formatting''' is a practical reference covering print-on-demand (POD) interior layout specifications, spine width formulas, reflowable [[w:EPUB|EPUB 3]] ebook structure, and desktop book formatting software used in independent publishing. == Standard Trade Paperback Trim Sizes == In print-on-demand manufacturing (such as [[w:Kindle Direct Publishing|Amazon KDP]] and [[w:Ingram Content Group|IngramSpark]]), interior PDFs must match the exact physical trim dimensions of the book (or add 0.125 in / 3.2 mm on top, bottom, and outside edges for full-bleed interiors). {| class="wikitable" |+ Standard Trade Paperback Specifications ! Trim Size !! Metric Equivalent !! Common Genres !! Typical Words per Page !! Recommended Inside Gutter |- | 5" × 8" || 127 × 203 mm || Mass-market romance, cozy mystery, novellas || 230–270 words || 0.75 in (19 mm) |- | 5.25" × 8" || 133 × 203 mm || Contemporary romance, urban fantasy || 250–290 words || 0.75–0.80 in |- | 5.5" × 8.5" || 140 × 216 mm || Trade fiction, thriller, fantasy, memoir || 275–320 words || 0.75–0.85 in |- | 6" × 9" || 152 × 229 mm || Epic fantasy, narrative nonfiction, omnibus editions || 330–385 words || 0.80–0.90 in |} == Inside Gutter Margins and Spine Width Formulas == Because perfect-bound paperback glue draws the inner edge of each leaf into the binding, required inside (gutter) margins increase with total page count: * '''24–150 pages:''' 0.375 in (9.6 mm) minimum; 0.70–0.75 in recommended for readability * '''151–300 pages:''' 0.500 in (12.7 mm) minimum; 0.75–0.80 in recommended * '''301–500 pages:''' 0.625 in (15.9 mm) minimum; 0.80–0.85 in recommended * '''501–700 pages:''' 0.750 in (19.1 mm) minimum; 0.85–0.90 in recommended * '''701–828 pages:''' 0.875 in (22.3 mm) minimum; 0.90–0.95 in recommended === Spine Width Multipliers === Full-wrap paperback cover templates calculate spine width by multiplying the final exported PDF page count by the paper stock's caliper factor: * '''White uncoated paper (50 lb):''' Page count × 0.002252 in (0.0572 mm per page) * '''Cream uncoated paper (50 lb):''' Page count × 0.0025 in (0.0635 mm per page) * '''Standard color / Premium color:''' Page count × 0.002252 in to 0.002347 in == Book Formatting and Typesetting Software == Authors and small presses typically format print PDFs and reflowable EPUB 3 files using dedicated book-production software rather than general office word processors. {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ Comparison of Book Formatting and Production Software ! Software !! Operating Systems !! Architecture !! Primary Output Formats !! License Model |- | '''[[d:Q141950174|Cambric]]''' || Windows (64-bit), macOS (Apple Silicon & Intel) || Local-first native desktop app || Print PDF (PDF/X-1a), EPUB 3, DOCX || One-time purchase ($199) |- | '''Vellum''' || macOS only || Native macOS desktop app || Print PDF, EPUB || One-time purchase ($199.99–$249.99) |- | '''Atticus''' || Web browser (Windows, macOS, Linux, Chromebook) || Cloud-synced Progressive Web App (PWA) || Print PDF, EPUB || One-time purchase ($147) |- | '''[[w:Scrivener (software)|Scrivener]]''' || Windows, macOS, iOS || Local desktop drafting & compile app || DOCX, PDF, EPUB || One-time purchase ($59.99 per OS) |- | '''Kindle Create''' || Windows, macOS || Retailer conversion utility || KPF, EPUB || Proprietary freeware |- | '''[[w:Adobe InDesign|Adobe InDesign]]''' || Windows, macOS || General page-layout software || PDF/X, EPUB || Subscription |} == Reflowable EPUB 3 Conformance == Unlike a fixed-layout print PDF, a reflowable [[w:EPUB|EPUB 3.3]] package consists of XHTML content documents, CSS stylesheets, package metadata (OPF), and an HTML5 navigation document (TOC). When distributing wide to Apple Books, Google Play Books, and Kobo, packages must pass '''EPUBCheck''' validation without duplicate HTML heading identifiers (a common failure mode in dual-POV novels with repeating character chapter titles). [[Category:Publishing]] 99n3k4jym2t8crk2a1y1s927pkjcsv1 4679392 4679286 2026-11-01T02:43:48Z MathXplore 3097823 Adding {{qr-scope}} tag 4679392 wikitext text/x-wiki {{qr-scope}} '''Self-Publishing and Book Formatting''' is a practical reference covering print-on-demand (POD) interior layout specifications, spine width formulas, reflowable [[w:EPUB|EPUB 3]] ebook structure, and desktop book formatting software used in independent publishing. == Standard Trade Paperback Trim Sizes == In print-on-demand manufacturing (such as [[w:Kindle Direct Publishing|Amazon KDP]] and [[w:Ingram Content Group|IngramSpark]]), interior PDFs must match the exact physical trim dimensions of the book (or add 0.125 in / 3.2 mm on top, bottom, and outside edges for full-bleed interiors). {| class="wikitable" |+ Standard Trade Paperback Specifications ! Trim Size !! Metric Equivalent !! Common Genres !! Typical Words per Page !! Recommended Inside Gutter |- | 5" × 8" || 127 × 203 mm || Mass-market romance, cozy mystery, novellas || 230–270 words || 0.75 in (19 mm) |- | 5.25" × 8" || 133 × 203 mm || Contemporary romance, urban fantasy || 250–290 words || 0.75–0.80 in |- | 5.5" × 8.5" || 140 × 216 mm || Trade fiction, thriller, fantasy, memoir || 275–320 words || 0.75–0.85 in |- | 6" × 9" || 152 × 229 mm || Epic fantasy, narrative nonfiction, omnibus editions || 330–385 words || 0.80–0.90 in |} == Inside Gutter Margins and Spine Width Formulas == Because perfect-bound paperback glue draws the inner edge of each leaf into the binding, required inside (gutter) margins increase with total page count: * '''24–150 pages:''' 0.375 in (9.6 mm) minimum; 0.70–0.75 in recommended for readability * '''151–300 pages:''' 0.500 in (12.7 mm) minimum; 0.75–0.80 in recommended * '''301–500 pages:''' 0.625 in (15.9 mm) minimum; 0.80–0.85 in recommended * '''501–700 pages:''' 0.750 in (19.1 mm) minimum; 0.85–0.90 in recommended * '''701–828 pages:''' 0.875 in (22.3 mm) minimum; 0.90–0.95 in recommended === Spine Width Multipliers === Full-wrap paperback cover templates calculate spine width by multiplying the final exported PDF page count by the paper stock's caliper factor: * '''White uncoated paper (50 lb):''' Page count × 0.002252 in (0.0572 mm per page) * '''Cream uncoated paper (50 lb):''' Page count × 0.0025 in (0.0635 mm per page) * '''Standard color / Premium color:''' Page count × 0.002252 in to 0.002347 in == Book Formatting and Typesetting Software == Authors and small presses typically format print PDFs and reflowable EPUB 3 files using dedicated book-production software rather than general office word processors. {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ Comparison of Book Formatting and Production Software ! Software !! Operating Systems !! Architecture !! Primary Output Formats !! License Model |- | '''[[d:Q141950174|Cambric]]''' || Windows (64-bit), macOS (Apple Silicon & Intel) || Local-first native desktop app || Print PDF (PDF/X-1a), EPUB 3, DOCX || One-time purchase ($199) |- | '''Vellum''' || macOS only || Native macOS desktop app || Print PDF, EPUB || One-time purchase ($199.99–$249.99) |- | '''Atticus''' || Web browser (Windows, macOS, Linux, Chromebook) || Cloud-synced Progressive Web App (PWA) || Print PDF, EPUB || One-time purchase ($147) |- | '''[[w:Scrivener (software)|Scrivener]]''' || Windows, macOS, iOS || Local desktop drafting & compile app || DOCX, PDF, EPUB || One-time purchase ($59.99 per OS) |- | '''Kindle Create''' || Windows, macOS || Retailer conversion utility || KPF, EPUB || Proprietary freeware |- | '''[[w:Adobe InDesign|Adobe InDesign]]''' || Windows, macOS || General page-layout software || PDF/X, EPUB || Subscription |} == Reflowable EPUB 3 Conformance == Unlike a fixed-layout print PDF, a reflowable [[w:EPUB|EPUB 3.3]] package consists of XHTML content documents, CSS stylesheets, package metadata (OPF), and an HTML5 navigation document (TOC). When distributing wide to Apple Books, Google Play Books, and Kobo, packages must pass '''EPUBCheck''' validation without duplicate HTML heading identifiers (a common failure mode in dual-POV novels with repeating character chapter titles). [[Category:Publishing]] huhadknqcgzi2k5mi3osvd6fh1crp4g Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...c6/2. d4/2...d5/3. Bd3 0 486688 4679287 2026-10-31T15:46:21Z Ggquazar 3629843 Create page: 3.Bd3 (Hibbins Variation) 4679287 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Chess Opening Theory/Position |name=Caro–Kann Defence: Hibbins Variation }} == 3. Bd3 · Hibbins Variation == 3. Bd3 develops a bishop and prepares to recapture on e4. It is mainly used as a surprise weapon to take Black out of familiar Caro–Kann theory. Black has one main response: '''3...dxe4,''' fighting for equality, with '''3...e5''' being the only other move that does not hand white a clear advantage. The main idea of the Hibbins Variation is to take black out of theory and to place the bishop on f3 to control the d1-h5 diagonal in order to prepare a g4 push in the near future. After '''3...dxe4 4. Bxe4 Nf6 5. Bf3''' Black has several options: * '''5...Bf5''' is met by '''6 .g4''', a brave move, hitting the loose bishop on f5. An alternative is '''6. Ne2''', which is more tame. * '''5...Nbd7''' prepares an early ...e5, breaking open the centre. * '''5...g6''' is one of the critical tries for equality, preparing to fianchetto the bishop. '''3...e5''' is a reasonable alternative that is very unlikely to be seen, as it is an unnatural move in an already very rare opening. The idea is that black is now attacking both the d4 and e4 pawns. After '''4. dxe5 dxe4 5. Bxe4 Qxd1+ 6. Kxd1''' black is left in a playable pawn down queenless middlegame. ===History=== The opening was first played by Franz Hölzl in 1979. Notably it has been played by Indian grandmaster Aravindh Chitambaram against Raunak Sadhwani in 2019, where Aravindh won in a chaotic battle. ==Theory table== {{ChessTable}} {{Chess/theory table |line1=3...dxe4 <!-- STEP 8: complete the line --> |line2=3...Nf6 <!-- STEP 8: complete the line --> }} {{ChessMid}} ==References== <!-- STEP 9 – Sources go in the text as <ref>White v Black, year. Source</ref>. --> {{reflist}} ==See also== {{wikipedia|Caro–Kann Defence}} {{Chess Opening Theory/Footer}} {{ChessStub}} ho2th9wzkohfo7yi8msuolag43amo8r 4679290 4679287 2026-10-31T15:57:33Z Ggquazar 3629843 Added a reference and edited the history section 4679290 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Chess Opening Theory/Position |name=Caro–Kann Defence: Hibbins Variation }} == 3. Bd3 · Hibbins Variation == 3. Bd3 develops a bishop and prepares to recapture on e4. It is mainly used as a surprise weapon to take Black out of familiar Caro–Kann theory. Black has one main response: '''3...dxe4,''' fighting for equality, with '''3...e5''' being the only other move that does not hand white a clear advantage. The main idea of the Hibbins Variation is to take black out of theory and to place the bishop on f3 to control the d1-h5 diagonal in order to prepare a g4 push in the near future. After '''3...dxe4 4. Bxe4 Nf6 5. Bf3''' Black has several options: * '''5...Bf5''' is met by '''6 .g4''', a brave move, hitting the loose bishop on f5. An alternative is '''6. Ne2''', which is more tame. * '''5...Nbd7''' prepares an early ...e5, breaking open the centre. * '''5...g6''' is one of the critical tries for equality, preparing to fianchetto the bishop. '''3...e5''' is a reasonable alternative that is very unlikely to be seen, as it is an unnatural move in an already very rare opening. The idea is that black is now attacking both the d4 and e4 pawns. After '''4. dxe5 dxe4 5. Bxe4 Qxd1+ 6. Kxd1''' black is left in a playable pawn down queenless middlegame. ===History=== The opening was first played by Franz Hölzl in 1979. Notably it has been played by Indian grandmaster Aravindh Chitambaram against Raunak Sadhwani in 2019, where Aravindh won in a chaotic battle. The name "Hibbins" Variation comes from FIDE rated player Graeme Hibbins who formalized these ideas and has played it in over the board and online games. An active player of the Hibbins Variation is Mohammed Zayan Khan, who frequently employs it in his over the board games. ==Theory table== {{ChessTable}} {{Chess/theory table |line1=3...dxe4 <!-- STEP 8: complete the line --> |line2=3...Nf6 <!-- STEP 8: complete the line --> }} {{ChessMid}} ==References== <ref>{{Cite web |title=Correspondence Chess • Aravindh, Chithambaram VR. (2598) vs Sadhwani, Raunak (2482) |url=https://lichess.org/game/AdUQASv1 |access-date=2026-10-31 |website=lichess.org |language=en-US}}</ref> ==See also== {{wikipedia|Caro–Kann Defence}} {{Chess Opening Theory/Footer}} {{ChessStub}} j7j8zt9tn6jo7t3mqkmlo2zll1b38gr 4679319 4679290 2026-10-31T16:47:09Z Ggquazar 3629843 Changed opening name and corresponding details 4679319 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Chess Opening Theory/Position |name=Caro–Kann Defence: Hibbins Variation }} == 3. Bd3 · Hibbins-Khan Variation == 3. Bd3 develops a bishop and prepares to recapture on e4. It is mainly used as a surprise weapon to take Black out of familiar Caro–Kann theory. Black has one main response: '''3...dxe4,''' fighting for equality, with '''3...e5''' being the only other move that does not hand white a clear advantage. The main idea of the Hibbins-Khan Variation is to take black out of theory and to place the bishop on f3 to control the d1-h5 diagonal in order to prepare a g4 push in the near future. After '''3...dxe4 4. Bxe4 Nf6 5. Bf3''' Black has several options: * '''5...Bf5''' is met by '''6 .g4''', a brave move, hitting the loose bishop on f5. An alternative is '''6. Ne2''', which is more tame. * '''5...Nbd7''' prepares an early ...e5, breaking open the centre. * '''5...g6''' is one of the critical tries for equality, preparing to fianchetto the bishop. '''3...e5''' is a reasonable alternative that is very unlikely to be seen, as it is an unnatural move in an already very rare opening. The idea is that black is now attacking both the d4 and e4 pawns. After '''4. dxe5 dxe4 5. Bxe4 Qxd1+ 6. Kxd1''' black is left in a playable pawn down queenless middlegame. ===History=== The opening was first played by Franz Hölzl in 1979. Notably it has been played by Indian grandmaster Aravindh Chitambaram against Raunak Sadhwani in 2019, where Aravindh won in a chaotic battle. The name "Hibbins-Khan" Variation comes from FIDE rated players Graeme Hibbins who formalized these ideas and has played it in over the board and online games, and Mohammed Zayan Khan, who frequently employs it in his over the board games. ==Theory table== {{ChessTable}} {{Chess/theory table |line1=3...dxe4 <!-- STEP 8: complete the line --> |line2=3...Nf6 <!-- STEP 8: complete the line --> }} {{ChessMid}} ==References== <ref>{{Cite web |title=Correspondence Chess • Aravindh, Chithambaram VR. (2598) vs Sadhwani, Raunak (2482) |url=https://lichess.org/game/AdUQASv1 |access-date=2026-10-31 |website=lichess.org |language=en-US}}</ref> ==See also== {{wikipedia|Caro–Kann Defence}} {{Chess Opening Theory/Footer}} {{ChessStub}} ng77smzr1507xajawaszuybojbvp4oa 4679322 4679319 2026-10-31T16:58:48Z Ggquazar 3629843 Changed Name to match previous historical records 4679322 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Chess Opening Theory/Position |name=Caro–Kann Defence: Hibbins Variation }} == 3. Bd3 · Mieses Attack == 3. Bd3 develops a bishop and prepares to recapture on e4. It is mainly used as a surprise weapon to take Black out of familiar Caro–Kann theory. Black has one main response: '''3...dxe4,''' fighting for equality, with '''3...e5''' being the only other move that does not hand white a clear advantage. The main idea of the Mieses Attack is to take black out of theory and to place the bishop on f3 to control the d1-h5 diagonal in order to prepare a g4 push in the near future. After '''3...dxe4 4. Bxe4 Nf6 5. Bf3''' Black has several options: * '''5...Bf5''' is met by '''6 .g4''', a brave move, known as the Hibbins-Khan Variation, hitting the loose bishop on f5. An alternative is '''6. Ne2''', which is more tame. * '''5...Nbd7''' prepares an early ...e5, breaking open the centre. * '''5...g6''' is one of the critical tries for equality, preparing to fianchetto the bishop. '''3...e5''' is a reasonable alternative that is very unlikely to be seen, as it is an unnatural move in an already very rare opening. The idea is that black is now attacking both the d4 and e4 pawns. After '''4. dxe5 dxe4 5. Bxe4 Qxd1+ 6. Kxd1''' black is left in a playable pawn down queenless middlegame. ===History=== The opening was first played by Franz Hölzl in 1979. Notably it has been played by Indian grandmaster Aravindh Chitambaram against Raunak Sadhwani in 2019, where Aravindh won in a chaotic battle. The name Mieses Attack comes from Grandmaster Jacques Mieses ==Theory table== {{ChessTable}} {{Chess/theory table |line1=3...dxe4 <!-- STEP 8: complete the line --> |line2=3...Nf6 <!-- STEP 8: complete the line --> }} {{ChessMid}} ==References== <ref>{{Cite web |title=Correspondence Chess • Aravindh, Chithambaram VR. (2598) vs Sadhwani, Raunak (2482) |url=https://lichess.org/game/AdUQASv1 |access-date=2026-10-31 |website=lichess.org |language=en-US}}</ref> ==See also== {{wikipedia|Caro–Kann Defence}} {{Chess Opening Theory/Footer}} {{ChessStub}} 8gp3t07v25xkfx4d9f8ecv6hqnfnpw8 Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...c6/2. d4/2...d5/3. Bd3/3...dxe4 0 486689 4679323 2026-10-31T17:11:15Z Ggquazar 3629843 Created the page 4679323 wikitext text/x-wiki == 3...dxe4 == Black releases the tension in the centre at once by capturing on e4. This is by far the most popular answer to 3. Bd3: Black wins time against the bishop, which must now recapture and can be harassed by Black's pieces. White has only one sensible move, 4. Bxe4, regaining the pawn and keeping a free hand in the centre with the d4 pawn. 8i97nfjtsr5kgif21cftgc5uts2vw03 4679391 4679323 2026-11-01T02:43:01Z MathXplore 3097823 Added {{[[Template:BookCat|BookCat]]}} using [[User:1234qwer1234qwer4/BookCat.js|BookCat.js]] 4679391 wikitext text/x-wiki == 3...dxe4 == Black releases the tension in the centre at once by capturing on e4. This is by far the most popular answer to 3. Bd3: Black wins time against the bishop, which must now recapture and can be harassed by Black's pieces. White has only one sensible move, 4. Bxe4, regaining the pawn and keeping a free hand in the centre with the d4 pawn. {{BookCat}} kzw7od71xkm8lo1m4kop1x3j4yqknj2 Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...c6/2. d4/2...d5/3. Bd3/3...dxe4/4. Bxe4 0 486690 4679324 2026-10-31T17:11:41Z Ggquazar 3629843 Created the page 4679324 wikitext text/x-wiki == 4. Bxe4 == White recaptures the pawn. Material is level, but the bishop on e4 is exposed and Black can gain a tempo against it. The usual reply is 4...Nf6, developing a knight and attacking the bishop at the same time. l1bwvrqk419pyo45jjv3st9fqphzwpy 4679390 4679324 2026-11-01T02:42:57Z MathXplore 3097823 Added {{[[Template:BookCat|BookCat]]}} using [[User:1234qwer1234qwer4/BookCat.js|BookCat.js]] 4679390 wikitext text/x-wiki == 4. Bxe4 == White recaptures the pawn. Material is level, but the bishop on e4 is exposed and Black can gain a tempo against it. The usual reply is 4...Nf6, developing a knight and attacking the bishop at the same time. {{BookCat}} 30vx8fr0h9tdo9zwy6r1545qcqx9azn Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...c6/2. d4/2...d5/3. Bd3/3...dxe4/4. Bxe4/5...Nf6 0 486691 4679325 2026-10-31T17:12:59Z Ggquazar 3629843 Created the page 4679325 wikitext text/x-wiki == 4...Nf6 == Black develops the king's knight with tempo, forcing the bishop to move again. In the Mieses Attack the bishop normally drops back to f3, where it controls the long diagonal and supports a later g2–g4. Because the bishop occupies f3, White's king's knight is usually developed to e2 or later h3 after an h4 push. k0c5a4rmn9y4o6fmovlm25to5ro1rdt 4679389 4679325 2026-11-01T02:42:54Z MathXplore 3097823 Added {{[[Template:BookCat|BookCat]]}} using [[User:1234qwer1234qwer4/BookCat.js|BookCat.js]] 4679389 wikitext text/x-wiki == 4...Nf6 == Black develops the king's knight with tempo, forcing the bishop to move again. In the Mieses Attack the bishop normally drops back to f3, where it controls the long diagonal and supports a later g2–g4. Because the bishop occupies f3, White's king's knight is usually developed to e2 or later h3 after an h4 push. {{BookCat}} lgkt35jo0ztdbxunph3p9mp61dzxevh Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...c6/2. d4/2...d5/3. Bd3/3...dxe4/4. Bxe4/4...Nf6 0 486692 4679326 2026-10-31T17:14:45Z Ggquazar 3629843 Created the page 4679326 wikitext text/x-wiki == 4...Nf6 == Black develops the king's knight with tempo, forcing the bishop to move again. In the Mieses Attack the bishop normally drops back to f3, where it controls the long diagonal and supports a later g2–g4. Because the bishop occupies f3, White's king's knight is usually developed to e2 or later h3 after an h4 push. k0c5a4rmn9y4o6fmovlm25to5ro1rdt 4679388 4679326 2026-11-01T02:42:51Z MathXplore 3097823 Added {{[[Template:BookCat|BookCat]]}} using [[User:1234qwer1234qwer4/BookCat.js|BookCat.js]] 4679388 wikitext text/x-wiki == 4...Nf6 == Black develops the king's knight with tempo, forcing the bishop to move again. In the Mieses Attack the bishop normally drops back to f3, where it controls the long diagonal and supports a later g2–g4. Because the bishop occupies f3, White's king's knight is usually developed to e2 or later h3 after an h4 push. {{BookCat}} lgkt35jo0ztdbxunph3p9mp61dzxevh Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...c6/2. d4/2...d5/3. Bd3/3...dxe4/4. Bxe4/4...Nf6/5. Bf3 0 486693 4679327 2026-10-31T17:17:12Z Ggquazar 3629843 Created the page 4679327 wikitext text/x-wiki == 5. Bf3 == The bishop settles on f3. From here it watches the h1–a8 diagonal, keeps an eye on the g4 square and prepares the kingside expansion that characterises the line. White plans Ne2, castling and, in some lines, g2–g4. * 5...Bf5 is the most common move, developing the light-squared bishop in typical Caro–Kann style. White can answer with 6. g4, the Hibbins-Khan Variation. * 5...g6 fianchettoes the dark-squared bishop and is one of Black's most solid replies. * 5...Nbd7 prepares the central break ...e5. 5v8dgpwcpjpvsjt5f4h9qonaot7gbin 4679387 4679327 2026-11-01T02:42:48Z MathXplore 3097823 Added {{[[Template:BookCat|BookCat]]}} using [[User:1234qwer1234qwer4/BookCat.js|BookCat.js]] 4679387 wikitext text/x-wiki == 5. Bf3 == The bishop settles on f3. From here it watches the h1–a8 diagonal, keeps an eye on the g4 square and prepares the kingside expansion that characterises the line. White plans Ne2, castling and, in some lines, g2–g4. * 5...Bf5 is the most common move, developing the light-squared bishop in typical Caro–Kann style. White can answer with 6. g4, the Hibbins-Khan Variation. * 5...g6 fianchettoes the dark-squared bishop and is one of Black's most solid replies. * 5...Nbd7 prepares the central break ...e5. {{BookCat}} j8ye3f56og0eyne282l6ukvjlycjjro Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...c6/2. d4/2...d5/3. Bd3/3...dxe4/4. Bxe4/4...Nf6/5. Bf3/5...Bf5 0 486694 4679328 2026-10-31T17:17:44Z Ggquazar 3629843 Created the page 4679328 wikitext text/x-wiki == 5...Bf5 == Black brings the light-squared bishop out before playing ...e6, as in many Caro–Kann lines. The drawback here is that the bishop on f5 has no pawn on e4 to bite on and nothing defending it, which makes it a target for White's kingside pawns. * 6. g4, the Hibbins-Khan Variation, attacks the bishop immediately and gains space on the kingside. * 6. Ne2 is a quieter alternative, simply continuing development. te8xvg8pmnabs57zodqar8fqmdimhu2 4679386 4679328 2026-11-01T02:42:44Z MathXplore 3097823 Added {{[[Template:BookCat|BookCat]]}} using [[User:1234qwer1234qwer4/BookCat.js|BookCat.js]] 4679386 wikitext text/x-wiki == 5...Bf5 == Black brings the light-squared bishop out before playing ...e6, as in many Caro–Kann lines. The drawback here is that the bishop on f5 has no pawn on e4 to bite on and nothing defending it, which makes it a target for White's kingside pawns. * 6. g4, the Hibbins-Khan Variation, attacks the bishop immediately and gains space on the kingside. * 6. Ne2 is a quieter alternative, simply continuing development. {{BookCat}} 75ykg8k6a3uq0x9rlvry3ihhoo7lv3f Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...c6/2. d4/2...d5/3. Bd3/3...dxe4/4. Bxe4/4...Nf6/5. Bf3/5...Bf5/6. g4 0 486695 4679329 2026-10-31T17:18:58Z Ggquazar 3629843 Create page: 6. g4 (Hibbins-Khan Variation) 4679329 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Chess Opening Theory/Position |name=Caro–Kann Defence: Mieses Attack, Hibbins-Khan Variation |eco=[[Chess/ECOB|B12]] |parent=[[../|5...Bf5]] }} == 6. g4 · Hibbins-Khan Variation == '''6. g4''' is the critical answer to 5...Bf5 and the most ambitious way of handling the Mieses Attack. The pawn hits the undefended bishop and claims space on the kingside. Taking the pawn does not work: 6...Bxg4? 7. Bxg4 Nxg4 8. Qxg4 leaves Black a piece for a pawn down. The bishop usually retreats with '''6...Bg6'''. White then plays Ne2, intending Nf4 to chase the bishop again, with h2–h4 as a further idea. A typical continuation is 7. Ne2 Nbd7 8. Nbc3 h6 9. Nf4 Bh7 10. Qe2, with White completing development and keeping the initiative on the kingside.<ref>[https://lichess.org/J1qwsG6O Ditrealman v StrapoChi02M, Lichess 2026]</ref> '''6...Be4''' offers to exchange bishops, but it has scored poorly for Black in practice. ==References== {{reflist}} {{Chess Opening Theory/Footer}} {{ChessStub}} phj19m8zl1jjosarzm0x1jmmpubumhl 4679333 4679329 2026-10-31T17:32:17Z Ggquazar 3629843 removed unnessacery detail 4679333 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Chess Opening Theory/Position |name=Caro–Kann Defence: Mieses Attack, Hibbins-Khan Variation |eco=[[Chess/ECOB|B12]] |parent=[[../|5...Bf5]] }} == 6. g4 · Hibbins-Khan Variation == '''6. g4''' is the critical answer to 5...Bf5 and the most ambitious way of handling the Mieses Attack. The pawn hits the undefended bishop and claims space on the kingside. The bishop usually retreats with '''6...Bg6'''. White then plays Ne2, intending Nf4 to chase the bishop again, with h4 as a further idea. A typical continuation is 7. Ne2 Nbd7 8. Nbc3 h6 9. Nf4 Bh7 10. Qe2, with White completing development and keeping the initiative on the kingside.<ref>[https://lichess.org/J1qwsG6O Ditrealman v StrapoChi02M, Lichess 2026]</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} {{Chess Opening Theory/Footer}} {{ChessStub}} ejs3tgbxfdz0zayh941pmbmviv9x93z 4679338 4679333 2026-10-31T18:10:09Z Ggquazar 3629843 /* 6. g4 · Hibbins-Khan Variation */ Changed the lines given and move order 4679338 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Chess Opening Theory/Position |name=Caro–Kann Defence: Mieses Attack, Hibbins-Khan Variation |eco=[[Chess/ECOB|B12]] |parent=[[../|5...Bf5]] }} == 6. g4 · Hibbins-Khan Variation == '''6. g4''' is the critical answer to 5...Bf5 and the most ambitious way of handling the Mieses Attack. The pawn hits the undefended bishop and claims space on the kingside. The bishop usually retreats with '''6...Bg6'''. White then plays h4, intending to chase the bishop again, with Ne2 and Nf4 as a further idea. A typical continuation is 7. h4 h5 8. g5 Nd5 9. e2 e6, with white keeping the initiative on the kingside.<ref>[https://lichess.org/J1qwsG6O Ditrealman v StrapoChi02M, Lichess 2026]</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} {{Chess Opening Theory/Footer}} {{ChessStub}} 90t3trk17ukhsucy4xu1ya2dnl00vpn User:D542006P/sandbox 2 486696 4679335 2026-10-31T17:50:52Z D542006P 3629126 Created page with "Time Division Multiplexing (TDM): Synchronous and Asynchronous" 4679335 wikitext text/x-wiki Time Division Multiplexing (TDM): Synchronous and Asynchronous 6pizl2w5z7lzkoe1730nr0v596g0qub 4679346 4679335 2026-10-31T19:03:07Z ~2026-58232-37 3630000 /* */ 4679346 wikitext text/x-wiki revoke remove delete void iqhocx8ulf9je42c7i0gv5syc7zd7cx 4679347 4679346 2026-10-31T19:04:36Z Pristome 3519119 Undid revision [[Special:Diff/4679346|4679346]] by [[Special:Contributions/~2026-58232-37|~2026-58232-37]] ([[User talk:~2026-58232-37|discuss]]): New user editing another user's user page 4679347 wikitext text/x-wiki Time Division Multiplexing (TDM): Synchronous and Asynchronous 6pizl2w5z7lzkoe1730nr0v596g0qub 4679415 4679347 2026-11-01T08:04:22Z D542006P 3629126 4679415 wikitext text/x-wiki https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/User:D542006P/sandbox/Time_Division_Multiplexing a79n6zv3pcmizb4pi7johinsdqhpvz1 4679417 4679415 2026-11-01T08:05:07Z D542006P 3629126 Blanked the page 4679417 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 4679422 4679417 2026-11-01T09:02:30Z D542006P 3629126 4679422 wikitext text/x-wiki == Time Division Multiplexing (TDM): Synchronous and Asynchronous == == Introduction == Most communication systems are required to transport messages from multiple sources using the same medium of communication. Using a unique communication link for each source may make the system costly and complex. Multiplexing helps solve this issue by enabling multiple messages to share communication resources. Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) is one technique where multiple signals can use the channel during different time slots. The period of transmission is divided into time slots and messages from various sources are sent according to a specific allocation strategy. The allocation of these time slots decides the working of the system. In synchronous time division multiplexing, the allocation scheme works on a repetitive pattern. Asynchronous time division multiplexing allocates the slot of transmission depending on the availability of the message. This technique is also called statistical time division multiplexing. This chapter describes the working principle, structure, advantages, limitations, mathematical expressions, and applications of both techniques. auwcvqd3cblkywviqxjs0orwpmvsvj5 4679424 4679422 2026-11-01T09:32:16Z D542006P 3629126 4679424 wikitext text/x-wiki == Time Division Multiplexing (TDM): Synchronous and Asynchronous == == Introduction == Most communication systems are required to transport messages from multiple sources using the same medium of communication. Using a unique communication link for each source may make the system costly and complex. Multiplexing helps solve this issue by enabling multiple messages to share communication resources. Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) is one technique where multiple signals can use the channel during different time slots. The period of transmission is divided into time slots and messages from various sources are sent according to a specific allocation strategy. The allocation of these time slots decides the working of the system. In synchronous time division multiplexing, the allocation scheme works on a repetitive pattern. Asynchronous time division multiplexing allocates the slot of transmission depending on the availability of the message. This technique is also called statistical time division multiplexing. This chapter describes the working principle, structure, advantages, limitations, mathematical expressions, and applications of both technique. jh4hyno0wgcchtd17dpwdi6q47j7y05 4679425 4679424 2026-11-01T09:39:14Z D542006P 3629126 4679425 wikitext text/x-wiki == Time Division Multiplexing (TDM): Synchronous and Asynchronous == == Introduction == Most communication systems are required to transport messages from multiple sources using the same medium of communication. Using a unique communication link for each source may make the system costly and complex. Multiplexing helps solve this issue by enabling multiple messages to share communication resources. Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) is one technique where multiple signals can use the channel during different time slots. The period of transmission is divided into time slots and messages from various sources are sent according to a specific allocation strategy. The allocation of these time slots decides the working of the system. In synchronous time division multiplexing, the allocation scheme works on a repetitive pattern. Asynchronous time division multiplexing allocates the slot of transmission depending on the availability of the message. This technique is also called statistical time division multiplexing. 5qdwaa1rr05dw95eamqenba2skuzkf3 User:Yadasaichaithanya/sandbox 2 486697 4679337 2026-10-31T17:58:41Z Yadasaichaithanya 3629536 just added title. need to complete everything 4679337 wikitext text/x-wiki = Digital Data Storage in RAM and ROM (Methods of DATA STORAGE in VLSI and ULSI) = 8fnoy4yykv78i34ldr48iyrsfmmvzvq On 2D Inverse Problems/Inferno 0 486698 4679379 2026-11-01T00:34:29Z DVD206 724793 the bell curve 4679379 wikitext text/x-wiki The binomial matrix, central to the study is upper triangular in the Vandermonde basis providing a bridge between linear algebra eigenvalues and set theory continuum hypothesis: <math>\begin{pmatrix}1&6&1&0\\0&4&4&0\\0&1&6&1\\0&0&4&4\end{pmatrix}= V^{-1}(x)\begin{pmatrix}8& & & \\0&4&*&\\0&0&2&\\0&0&0&1\end{pmatrix}V(x), </math> <math>V(x)=\begin{pmatrix}1&x&x^2&x^3\\1&(1+x)&(1+x)^2&(1+x)^3\\1&(2+x)&(2+x)^2&(2+x)^3\\1&(3+x)&(3+x)^2&(3+x)^3\end{pmatrix}.</math> The eigenvalues therefor form geometric progression as for the shift matrix with complex parameter and are described by <math>\ln(2)=\eta(1)</math>, the alternating series. 3vxllconr1yl1w6ojmu293ue3a8xxid User talk:~2026-58011-05 3 486699 4679393 2026-11-01T02:43:49Z MathXplore 3097823 Notifying author about page tagging 4679393 wikitext text/x-wiki == I have added a tag to a page you created == Hi! I'm MathXplore, and I recently reviewed your page, [[:Self-Publishing and Book Formatting]]. I have added a tag to the page, because it <strong>has some problems that need to be looked at.</strong> If you have any questions or concerns, please [[User talk:MathXplore|let me know]]. Thank you! <!-- Substituted from User:JJPMaster/CurateThisPage/authorMsg --> [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 02:43, 1 November 2026 (UTC) ezzgpzzfy3wlk8c3k7haz038av41lvk User:SandeepLPU/sandbox 2 486702 4679407 2026-11-01T06:39:24Z SandeepLPU 3626630 Improved the article by adding more explanations, Python-generated graphs, and examples to make the topic easier to understand. Also updated the ANFRL approach and included an SNR comparison to explain how the proposed idea could help in identifying and handling different types of noise. 4679407 wikitext text/x-wiki = Beyond Noise: Intelligent Noise Detection in Radio Communication Using AI and Machine Learning. = == Introduction == [[File:Figure1_signal_and_noise.png|thumb|400px|Figure 1: Effect of noise on a received radio signal.]] Radio communication is part of many things we use every day, such as mobile phones, Wi-Fi, satellite links and television broadcasting. In each of these systems, information is sent from a transmitter and recovered at the receiver. Sometimes the received signal is not as clear as the transmitted one. One reason for this is noise, which can affect the signal while it is being received. Noise is an unwanted electrical or electromagnetic disturbance that affects the original signal. It can reduce the quality of communication and may cause errors in the information received by the receiver. In electronics, we normally study noise in terms of its sources, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and noise figure. Different techniques are used to reduce its effects. But I wanted to explore another question: Can a radio receiver identify the type of noise affecting it and decide how to handle it automatically? This made me think about whether Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) could help. In this article, I explain a proposed approach that combines machine learning with normal signal-processing methods to identify different noise patterns in radio communication. == 1. Understanding Noise in Radio Communication == Noise can be generated inside an electronic receiver or can enter from the surrounding environment. There are two major categories of noise. === 1.1 Internal Noise === Internal noise is generated within the electronic components of a communication system. Some examples are: * Thermal noise: It is caused by the random movement of electrons in resistive components. * Shot noise: It occurs because of the random movement of charge carriers in electronic devices. * Flicker noise: It is generally more noticeable at lower frequencies. === 1.2 External Noise === External noise comes from outside the receiver and enters through the antenna. Some examples are: * Atmospheric noise: Generated by natural activities such as lightning. * Man-made noise: Produced by electrical equipment, motors and switching devices. * Radio interference: Caused by unwanted signals from other transmitters. === 1.3 Comparison of Noise Sources === [[File:Figure2_noise_source_examples.png|thumb|center|450px|Figure 2: Illustrative time-domain examples of different disturbance patterns.]] {| class="wikitable" !Noise type !Source !Characteristics !Effect |- |Thermal noise |Electronic components |Continuous random fluctuations |Reduces SNR |- |Shot noise |Semiconductor devices |Random current fluctuations |Affects weak signals |- |Atmospheric noise |Natural environment |Changes with environmental conditions |Disturbs radio reception |- |Man-made noise |Electrical equipment |Depends on surrounding devices |Creates unwanted disturbances |- |Impulsive noise |Switching devices and electrical discharges |Short and sudden bursts |Can cause data errors |- |Co-channel interference |Other radio transmitters |Overlapping transmissions |Reduces communication quality |} It is important to understand that noise and interference are not exactly the same. Interference can come from another identifiable transmitter, whereas noise can also be caused by random electrical disturbances. == 2. Why Do We Need a Different Approach? == Traditional communication systems use filters, amplifiers and error correction techniques to reduce the effects of noise. These methods are useful, but the radio environment does not always remain the same. For example, consider a mobile phone being used in a crowded city. It may experience interference from nearby transmitters, electrical equipment and other wireless devices. When the user moves to another location, the disturbance conditions may also change. A receiver using only a fixed method may not provide the best response under every condition. I wanted to explore whether a receiver could do more than simply apply the same filtering method every time. Machine learning may help it recognize the type of disturbance and choose a response that suits the situation. Instead of only measuring the amount of noise, the receiver could also try to identify its pattern. == 3. My Proposed Idea: ANFRL == [[File:Figure3 ANFRL block diagram.png|thumb|center|480px|Figure 3: Block diagram of the proposed ANFRL framework.]] I have considered a conceptual framework called ANFRL. ANFRL stands for Adaptive Noise Fingerprinting and Response Loop. The main idea is to identify different noise patterns, detect unfamiliar disturbances and select a suitable method to improve the received signal. The proposed system has six main stages. === 3.1 Signal Reception === The process starts with an antenna receiving a radio-frequency signal. The received signal contains the required information along with unwanted disturbances. An Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC) converts the received analog signal into digital samples for further processing. === 3.2 Signal Processing === After receiving the samples, the system processes them using techniques such as Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). FFT helps to examine the frequency components present in a signal. A spectrogram can also be generated to observe how the signal changes with time and frequency. === 3.3 Feature Extraction === The next step is to extract useful information from the received samples. Some features that can be considered are: * RMS amplitude * Crest factor * Spectral flatness * Signal power * Frequency distribution * Number of sudden signal bursts These features can help the machine learning model understand the behaviour of the disturbance. === 3.4 Noise Identification Using Machine Learning === The extracted features are given to a machine learning model. Some algorithms that can be considered are: * Support Vector Machine (SVM): It can classify different noise categories using extracted features. * Random Forest: It uses multiple decision trees to classify signal patterns. * Convolutional Neural Network (CNN): It can identify patterns from spectrogram images. * Autoencoder: It can help detect unfamiliar patterns by learning the characteristics of normal data. For example, if the system receives a signal with sudden high-amplitude bursts, the model can examine whether its characteristics match impulsive noise. If the received pattern does not match the known categories, the system can flag it for further analysis. === 3.5 Selecting an Appropriate Response === After identifying the disturbance, the system evaluates what action can be taken. For example: * Impulsive noise may require an impulse suppression technique. * Adjacent-channel interference may require selective filtering. * Co-channel interference may require channel selection or other interference-management techniques. * Unfamiliar disturbances can be flagged instead of being incorrectly classified. The selected action should not remove the useful information present in the original signal. === 3.6 Feedback and Evaluation === After applying a particular technique, the receiver checks the signal quality again. It can compare parameters such as SNR and Bit Error Rate (BER) before and after the action. If the signal quality improves, the selected method may be useful for similar conditions. If the quality becomes worse, the system can evaluate another response. This feedback process is one of the main ideas behind the proposed ANFRL framework. == 4. Understanding Noise Fingerprinting == [[File:Figure4 noise fingerprints spectrograms.png|thumb|350x350px|Figure 4: Spectrogram representation of different noise patterns.]] In this article, I use the term noise fingerprinting to mean identifying a disturbance from the characteristics it produces in a signal. Different disturbances can produce different patterns in the time domain and frequency domain. For example, thermal noise generally appears as continuous random fluctuations, while impulsive noise appears as sudden high-amplitude bursts. Co-channel interference may appear as energy concentrated around particular frequency regions. A machine learning model can study these characteristics and learn to distinguish between different categories. === 4.1 Sample Noise Dataset === To understand how the proposed system could work, consider the following sample dataset. The dataset contains four features: * RMS amplitude: Represents the effective signal amplitude. * Crest factor: Represents the relationship between peak amplitude and RMS amplitude. * Spectral flatness: Gives information about how signal energy is distributed across frequencies. * Burst count: Represents the number of detected sudden disturbances in an observation window. {| class="wikitable" !Sample !RMS !Crest factor !Spectral flatness !Burst count !Expected class |- |S01 |0.10 |2.8 |0.86 |0 |Thermal |- |S02 |0.12 |3.1 |0.82 |0 |Thermal |- |S03 |0.11 |2.6 |0.89 |1 |Thermal |- |S04 |0.28 |8.4 |0.76 |8 |Impulsive |- |S05 |0.31 |9.1 |0.72 |11 |Impulsive |- |S06 |0.25 |7.8 |0.80 |6 |Impulsive |- |S07 |0.19 |2.2 |0.14 |0 |Co-channel |- |S08 |0.21 |2.4 |0.18 |0 |Co-channel |- |S09 |0.17 |2.0 |0.11 |0 |Co-channel |- |S10 |0.24 |5.5 |0.48 |3 |Unknown |- |S11 |0.08 |4.9 |0.39 |2 |Unknown |- |S12 |0.35 |6.2 |0.57 |5 |Unknown |} Note: These are illustrative synthetic values created to explain the proposed dataset format. They are not measurements from an actual radio receiver. === 4.2 What Can We Understand From This Dataset? === From the sample data, we can observe that impulsive noise generally has a higher crest factor because of its sudden peaks. Spectral flatness can help distinguish broadband disturbances from signals with energy concentrated around particular frequencies. However, these features alone cannot guarantee correct classification. The model needs to learn from a larger and more diverse dataset. The unknown category is also important. Instead of forcing every incoming signal into a known category, the system should be able to identify unfamiliar patterns. == 5. Connection With SNR and Noise Figure == SNR and noise figure are important parameters in communication systems. They help us understand how noise affects the quality of a received signal. === 5.1 Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) === SNR represents the relationship between the desired signal power and noise power. SNR (dB) = 10 x log10 (Signal Power / Noise Power) For example, consider a receiver with a signal power of -80 dBm. {| class="wikitable" !Condition !Signal power !Noise power !SNR |- |Low noise | -80 dBm | -100 dBm |20 dB |- |Moderate noise | -80 dBm | -90 dBm |10 dB |- |High noise | -80 dBm | -85 dBm |5 dB |} We can observe that when noise power increases, the SNR decreases. This makes it more difficult for the receiver to recover the original information. === 5.2 Thermal Noise Calculation === Thermal noise power can be calculated using the following equation: Pn = k x T x B Where: * k = Boltzmann constant (1.38 x 10^-23 J/K) * T = Absolute temperature in Kelvin * B = Bandwidth in Hertz At approximately 290 K, the thermal noise density is about -174 dBm/Hz. The following table shows the approximate thermal noise power for different bandwidths. {| class="wikitable" !Bandwidth !Thermal noise power |- |10 kHz | -134 dBm |- |100 kHz | -124 dBm |- |200 kHz | -121 dBm |- |1 MHz | -114 dBm |- |5 MHz | -107 dBm |- |10 MHz | -104 dBm |} These values are calculated for ideal thermal noise at 290 K. They do not include receiver noise figure or external interference. === 5.3 Noise Figure === Noise figure describes how much a receiver degrades the signal-to-noise ratio. Noise Figure (dB) = Input SNR - Output SNR For example: Input SNR = 20 dB Output SNR = 16 dB Noise Figure = 20 - 16 = 4 dB It is important to understand that digital noise mitigation does not automatically reduce the physical noise figure of a receiver. == 6. Conventional Receiver and Proposed ANFRL == The following table compares a conventional receiver with the proposed framework. {| class="wikitable" !Feature !Conventional receiver !Proposed ANFRL |- |Noise measurement |Signal-processing methods |Signal measurements with ML analysis |- |Noise classification |Depends on receiver design |Machine learning classification |- |Unknown disturbances |Requires separate detection methods |Anomaly detection stage |- |Response selection |Predefined receiver algorithms |Confidence-based selection |- |Historical analysis |Depends on implementation |Proposed noise history profile |- |Performance evaluation |SNR and BER monitoring |Feedback-based evaluation |} This does not mean that conventional receivers cannot perform adaptive processing. The proposed idea is to combine different intelligent detection and decision-making functions into one framework. == 7. A New Idea: Noise History Profile == Another feature that I would like to explore in this framework is a noise history profile. Normally, a receiver examines the incoming signal and processes it according to its current condition. But what if it could also use information from previously detected disturbances? For example, if a receiver frequently experiences a particular interference pattern in the same frequency region, it could store information about that disturbance. The history profile could contain the following information. {| class="wikitable" !Parameter !Description |- |Detection time |When the disturbance was identified |- |Frequency region |Frequency range affected by the disturbance |- |Noise category |Identified disturbance type |- |Estimated strength |Approximate disturbance power |- |Selected action |Mitigation method used |- |Performance change |SNR or BER before and after mitigation |- |Confidence score |Confidence of the classification result |} This information could help the receiver recognize recurring disturbances and make better decisions in future situations. However, the stored information should be checked regularly because an incorrect classification can affect future decisions. == 8. Python-Based Performance Evaluation == [[File:Figure5 SNR comparison.png|thumb|center|400px|Figure 5: SNR comparison obtained from the Python simulation for the selected test conditions.]] To study how the signal quality may change under different disturbance conditions, I used Python to compare the SNR and BER values for three selected test cases. The values shown below were used in the simulation to demonstrate the comparison. {| class="wikitable" !Noise condition !SNR before !SNR after !BER before !BER after |- |Thermal noise |8 dB |11 dB |0.020 |0.008 |- |Impulsive noise |5 dB |10 dB |0.080 |0.015 |- |Co-channel interference |3 dB |7 dB |0.120 |0.045 |} The Python-generated graph makes the difference between the SNR values easier to compare. In these test cases, the SNR after the selected mitigation is higher than the SNR before mitigation. The amount of improvement is different for each disturbance condition. This is a software simulation using the selected values in the program. It is not a measurement from a physical radio receiver, and it does not mean that a complete ANFRL hardware system has already been built or tested. == 9. Applications == === Python Simulation and Graph Generation === Along with studying the theory, I used Python in Visual Studio Code (VS Code) to generate and examine the signal plots used in this article. I used NumPy to create the signal samples and Matplotlib to plot the waveforms, spectrograms and SNR comparison graph. For the signal plot, I first generated a sinusoidal signal and then added random noise to it. I also generated sample signals containing continuous random fluctuations, short impulsive bursts and narrowband interference. I used Matplotlib to view these signals in the time domain and to create spectrograms, which helped me compare how their frequency content changes over time. For the SNR comparison, I entered the selected before-and-after values in the Python program and used Matplotlib to display them as a bar graph. This made it easier to compare the three noise conditions side by side. Working on these plots helped me connect the concepts of noise, frequency content and SNR with the signal behaviour seen in the graphs. The figures in this article were generated from the Python simulation carried out in VS Code using NumPy and Matplotlib. They show the output of the signal-generation and plotting code. The SNR values are the selected values used for this software comparison; they are not readings taken from physical receiver hardware. The proposed framework could be useful in different communication systems. * Mobile communication: Identifying changing interference conditions in cellular networks. * Satellite communication: Monitoring disturbances that affect weak received signals. * Wireless sensor networks: Improving communication reliability between sensor nodes. * Public safety radio: Supporting reliable communication during emergency situations. * Software Defined Radio: Testing different noise detection and mitigation techniques using programmable receivers. == 10. Challenges and Future Scope == Although this approach has potential, there are some challenges. * Training data: A machine learning model needs enough samples of different noise conditions. * Processing requirements: Real-time signal analysis requires sufficient processing power. * Low SNR: When the desired signal is very weak, identifying its characteristics becomes difficult. * Unknown disturbances: A model trained with limited data may not recognize new patterns correctly. * False detection: If a useful transmission is incorrectly identified as noise, communication quality may become worse. In the future, this framework could be tested using Software Defined Radio (SDR) platforms. Lightweight machine learning models could also be implemented on FPGA platforms for faster processing. Another interesting possibility is to connect multiple receivers and allow them to share information about recurring disturbances. == Conclusion == Noise is one of the common challenges in radio communication. Engineers have developed several methods to reduce its effects, but communication environments continue to change. In this article, I have presented my proposed ANFRL framework, which brings together noise fingerprinting, machine learning, detection of unfamiliar patterns and feedback-based evaluation. The main idea is not just to measure how much noise is present, but also to understand its characteristics and select a suitable response. Although the framework requires further simulation and practical testing, it provides an interesting direction for developing more adaptive radio receivers. The future of radio communication may not depend only on transmitting stronger signals, but also on developing receivers that can better understand their surrounding environment. == References == # ITU-R, Recommendation P.372-17, Radio Noise, International Telecommunication Union, 2024. # S. Haykin, "Cognitive Radio: Brain-Empowered Wireless Communications", IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 2005. # A. Goldsmith, Wireless Communications, Cambridge University Press, 2005. # S. Haykin, Communication Systems, 5th Edition, Wiley, 2009. '''Note:''' ANFRL is a proposed conceptual framework. The signal plots and spectrograms were generated using Python in VS Code with NumPy and Matplotlib. The dataset and SNR/BER comparison use generated or selected simulation values; they have not been validated using a physical radio receiver or a hardware implementation of ANFRL. k4lulp1th4sdmodej8hon3h1moonccq User:Dhanush0715/sandbox 2 486703 4679413 2026-11-01T07:42:38Z Dhanush0715 3629696 Added an original Telugu introduction to CDMA, including its operation, advantages, limitations, and comparison with FDMA and TDMA. 4679413 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) కోడ్ డివిజన్ మల్టిపుల్ యాక్సెస్:''' '''పరిచయం''' కోడ్ డివిజన్ మల్టిపుల్ యాక్సెస్ (CDMA) అనేది అనేక మంది వినియోగదారులు ఒకే రేడియో ఫ్రీక్వెన్సీ బ్యాండ్‌ను ఒకే సమయంలో పంచుకునే కమ్యూనికేషన్ పద్ధతి. ప్రతి వినియోగదారునికి వేర్వేరు ఫ్రీక్వెన్సీ లేదా సమయ స్లాట్ ఇవ్వడానికి బదులుగా, CDMA ప్రతి ప్రసారానికి ఒక ప్రత్యేక కోడ్‌ను కేటాయిస్తుంది. స్వీకరణ పరికరం ఆ కోడ్ సహాయంతో కలిసివచ్చిన సంకేతాల నుంచి తనకు కావలసిన సంకేతాన్ని గుర్తించి స్వీకరిస్తుంది. CDMA సూత్రాలు మొబైల్ ఫోన్ నెట్‌వర్క్‌లు, ఉపగ్రహ కమ్యూనికేషన్, ఇతర వైర్‌లెస్ వ్యవస్థల్లో ఉపయోగించబడ్డాయి. CDMA అనేది ఒకే నెట్‌వర్క్ ప్రమాణం కాదు; ఇది స్ప్రెడ్-స్పెక్ట్రమ్ పద్ధతుల సమూహాన్ని సూచిస్తుంది. IS-95, cdma2000 సెల్యులార్ నెట్‌వర్క్‌లు CDMA ఆధారంగా పనిచేశాయి. W-CDMA అనేది 3G UMTS నెట్‌వర్క్‌లలో ఉపయోగించిన రేడియో యాక్సెస్ పద్ధతి. [[File:Multiplexing_diagram.svg|thumb|Multiplexing diagram]] == అనేక మంది ఒకే ఛానల్‌ను ఎలా పంచుకుంటారు? == రేడియో ఛానల్‌కు పరిమిత సామర్థ్యం ఉంటుంది. ప్రతి వినియోగదారునికి ప్రత్యేక ఫ్రీక్వెన్సీ కేటాయిస్తే, అందుబాటులో ఉన్న ఫ్రీక్వెన్సీల సంఖ్యకు అనుగుణంగానే వినియోగదారులు మాట్లాడగలరు. వినియోగదారులు సమయాన్ని పంచుకుంటే, ప్రతి ఒక్కరూ తమ వంతు సమయం వచ్చే వరకు వేచి ఉండాలి. CDMAలో అనేక మంది ఒకే ఫ్రీక్వెన్సీ బ్యాండ్‌ను ఒకే సమయంలో ఉపయోగిస్తారు. వారి సంకేతాలు స్వీకరణ పరికరానికి కలిసివస్తాయి. అయితే, ప్రతి ప్రసారానికి వేర్వేరు స్ప్రెడింగ్ కోడ్ ఉండటం వల్ల, స్వీకరణ పరికరం కావలసిన కోడ్‌ను ఉపయోగించి సంబంధిత సంకేతాన్ని గుర్తిస్తుంది. కోడ్‌లు జోక్యాన్ని పూర్తిగా తొలగించవు. శక్తి స్థాయి, సమయ సమన్వయం, కోడ్‌ల ఎంపిక వంటి అంశాలను సరిగా నిర్వహించినప్పుడు అవి సంకేతాలను వేరు చేయడంలో సహాయపడతాయి. [[File:Au_CDMA_1X_WIN_W31SAII_gravelly_silver_expansion.jpg|thumb|A CDMA2000 mobile phone]] == ఒక సరళమైన ఉదాహరణ == ఒక గదిలో పలువురు ఒకేసారి మాట్లాడుతున్నారని ఊహించండి. ప్రతి ఒక్కరూ వేర్వేరు లయలో ఒక పదబంధాన్ని పునరావృతం చేస్తున్నారు. ఒక నిర్దిష్ట లయను గుర్తించిన వ్యక్తి, ఆ లయలోని మాటలను అనుసరించగలడు. ఈ ఉదాహరణ పూర్తిగా రేడియో వ్యవస్థకు సరిపోలదు; నిజమైన CDMAలో గణిత క్రమాలు, డిజిటల్ సంకేతాలు, సిగ్నల్ ప్రాసెసింగ్ ఉపయోగిస్తారు. అయినప్పటికీ, అనేక ప్రసారాలు ఒకేసారి జరిగినా, వాటి ప్రత్యేక నమూనాల ద్వారా వాటిని వేరు చేయవచ్చనే ప్రధాన భావనను ఇది వివరిస్తుంది. == స్ప్రెడింగ్ ఎలా జరుగుతుంది? == డిజిటల్ సందేశం బిట్ల రూపంలో ఉంటుంది. ప్రాథమిక CDMA నమూనాలో, ప్రతి బిట్‌ను '''చిప్‌లు (chips)''' అని పిలిచే చిన్న సంకేతాల క్రమంగా మార్చుతారు. ఏ చిప్‌ల క్రమాన్ని ఉపయోగించాలో స్ప్రెడింగ్ కోడ్ నిర్ణయిస్తుంది. ఉదాహరణకు, ఒక చిన్న వివరణాత్మక నమూనాలో: * <code>+1</code> బిట్: <code>(+1, −1, +1, −1)</code> * <code>−1</code> బిట్: <code>(−1, +1, −1, +1)</code> ఇది అర్థం చేసుకోవడానికి మాత్రమే ఇచ్చిన చిన్న ఉదాహరణ; నిజమైన సెల్యులార్ నెట్‌వర్క్‌లలో ఉపయోగించే కోడ్‌లు దీనికంటే క్లిష్టంగా ఉంటాయి. స్వీకరణ పరికరానికి కోడ్ తెలిసి ఉంటుంది. అది అందిన చిప్‌లను ఆ కోడ్‌తో పోల్చి, పంపిన బిట్‌ను అంచనా వేస్తుంది. తన కోడ్‌కు సరిపోయే భాగాలు పరస్పరం బలపడతాయి; ఇతర కోడ్‌ల భాగాలు సాధారణంగా అంత సమన్వయంగా కలవవు. సందేశ సంకేతాన్ని దాని అసలు డేటాకు అవసరమైన బ్యాండ్‌విడ్త్ కంటే విస్తృతమైన ఫ్రీక్వెన్సీ పరిధిలో పంపడాన్ని '''స్ప్రెడ్ స్పెక్ట్రమ్''' అంటారు. చిప్ రేటు మరియు డేటా రేటు మధ్య నిష్పత్తిని సాధారణంగా '''స్ప్రెడింగ్ ఫ్యాక్టర్''' అంటారు. స్ప్రెడింగ్ ఫ్యాక్టర్ ఎక్కువైతే, కొన్ని పరిస్థితుల్లో సంకేతాలను వేరు చేయడం సులభమవుతుంది. అయితే, అదే డేటా రేటు కోసం ఎక్కువ బ్యాండ్‌విడ్త్ అవసరం కావచ్చు. [[File:Generation_of_CDMA.svg|thumb|Generation of a CDMA signal]] == కావలసిన సంకేతాన్ని స్వీకరించడం == సరళంగా చెప్పాలంటే, CDMA స్వీకరణ పరికరం ఈ దశలను అనుసరిస్తుంది: # అనేక వినియోగదారుల సంకేతాలు, శబ్దం, ఇతర జోక్యాలతో కలిసిన రేడియో సంకేతాన్ని స్వీకరిస్తుంది. # తాను స్వీకరించాలనుకున్న వినియోగదారుని సంకేత సమయాన్ని సమన్వయం చేస్తుంది. # ఆ వినియోగదారుని స్ప్రెడింగ్ కోడ్‌ను పొందుతుంది లేదా రూపొందిస్తుంది. # అందిన సంకేతాన్ని ఆ కోడ్‌తో పోల్చి, సంబంధాన్ని గణిస్తుంది. # వచ్చిన ఫలితాన్ని ఉపయోగించి పంపిన డేటా బిట్‌లను అంచనా వేస్తుంది. కోడ్‌లు సమయానికి సరిగ్గా సమన్వయమై, ఒకదానికొకటి ఆర్థోగోనల్‌గా ఉన్నప్పుడు, వాటి క్రాస్-కోరిలేషన్ సున్నాగా ఉండవచ్చు. వాస్తవ రేడియో పరిస్థితుల్లో ఇది ఎల్లప్పుడూ సాధ్యం కాదు. సంకేతాలు వేర్వేరు సమయాల్లో చేరవచ్చు, భవనాల నుంచి ప్రతిఫలించవచ్చు లేదా పరికరం కదలిక వల్ల మారవచ్చు. ఈ ప్రభావాలు కోడ్‌ల ద్వారా సంకేతాలను వేరు చేయడాన్ని కష్టతరం చేస్తాయి. == మల్టిపుల్ యాక్సెస్ మరియు కోడ్‌ల ఎంపిక == '''మల్టిపుల్ యాక్సెస్''' అంటే అనేక మంది ఒకే కమ్యూనికేషన్ వనరును పంచుకునే విధానం. CDMAలో వినియోగదారులు సాధారణంగా ఒకే ఫ్రీక్వెన్సీ బ్యాండ్‌ను, తరచుగా ఒకే సమయ వ్యవధిలోనూ, పంచుకుంటారు. వారి ప్రసారాలను గుర్తించి వేరు చేయడానికి కోడ్‌లు ఉపయోగపడతాయి. ఒక కోడ్‌కు ఉపయోగకరమైన కోరిలేషన్ లక్షణాలు ఉండాలి. అదే కోడ్‌తో సమయానికి సరిగా సరిపోలిన సంకేతానికి బలంగా స్పందించాలి; ఇతర కోడ్‌లకు తక్కువగా స్పందించాలి. కొన్ని వ్యవస్థల్లో ఒకే ట్రాన్స్‌మిటర్ నుంచి సమన్వయంతో పంపే ఛానళ్లకు ఆర్థోగోనల్ కోడ్‌లు ఉపయోగిస్తారు. మరికొన్ని వ్యవస్థలు వేర్వేరు సమయ పరిస్థితులు లేదా ఇతర నెట్‌వర్క్ అవసరాల కోసం ప్రత్యేక కోడ్ కుటుంబాలను ఉపయోగిస్తాయి. కోడ్‌లు తప్పనిసరిగా రహస్య కీలు కావు. వాటి ప్రధాన పని సంకేతాలను గుర్తించడం, వేరు చేయడం. అవసరమైతే గోప్యత కోసం ఎన్‌క్రిప్షన్‌ను ప్రత్యేకంగా ఉపయోగిస్తారు. == నియర్–ఫార్ సమస్య మరియు పవర్ కంట్రోల్ == CDMAలో ముఖ్యమైన సవాళ్లలో ఒకటి '''నియర్–ఫార్ సమస్య'''. ఒకే బేస్ స్టేషన్‌కు రెండు ఫోన్లు సంకేతాలు పంపుతున్నాయని అనుకుందాం. ఒక ఫోన్ బేస్ స్టేషన్‌కు దగ్గరగా ఉండి చాలా బలమైన సంకేతాన్ని పంపవచ్చు. మరొకటి దూరంగా ఉండి బలహీనమైన సంకేతాన్ని పంపవచ్చు. వేర్వేరు కోడ్‌లు ఉపయోగించినా, బలమైన సంకేతం బలహీనమైనదాన్ని కప్పివేసి స్వీకరించడం కష్టతరం చేయవచ్చు. దీన్ని తగ్గించేందుకు CDMA నెట్‌వర్క్‌లు '''పవర్ కంట్రోల్''' ఉపయోగిస్తాయి. ప్రతి పరికరం ప్రసార శక్తిని నెట్‌వర్క్ అవసరానికి అనుగుణంగా సర్దుబాటు చేస్తుంది. సంకేతం స్వీకరించడానికి తగినంత బలంగా ఉండాలి; అదే సమయంలో ఇతర వినియోగదారులకు అనవసర జోక్యం కలిగించేంత బలంగా ఉండకూడదు. వినియోగదారులు కదులుతున్నప్పుడు లేదా రేడియో పరిస్థితులు మారినప్పుడు ఈ శక్తి స్థాయిని మళ్లీ సర్దుబాటు చేయవచ్చు. మంచి పవర్ కంట్రోల్ జోక్యాన్ని తగ్గించి, నెట్‌వర్క్ సామర్థ్యాన్ని మెరుగుపరచడంలో సహాయపడుతుంది. == మల్టిపాత్ మరియు RAKE స్వీకరణ == రేడియో తరంగాలు ఒకే దారిలో కాకుండా అనేక మార్గాల్లో స్వీకరణ పరికరానికి చేరవచ్చు. ఒక సంకేతం నేరుగా రావడంతో పాటు భవనాలు, వాహనాలు లేదా భూభాగం నుంచి ప్రతిఫలించి ఆలస్యంగా కూడా చేరవచ్చు. ఇలా వేర్వేరు సమయాల్లో చేరే ప్రతిరూపాలను '''మల్టిపాత్ భాగాలు''' అంటారు. కొన్ని CDMA వ్యవస్థల్లో, స్వీకరణ పరికరం ఈ ఆలస్య ప్రతిరూపాలను గుర్తించి వాటి శక్తిని కలపగలదు. దీనికి ఉపయోగించే విధానాన్ని '''RAKE రిసీవర్''' అంటారు. ఇందులో వేర్వేరు ఆలస్య భాగాలను గుర్తించి కలిపే ప్రాసెసింగ్ శాఖలను కొన్నిసార్లు “ఫింగర్లు” అని పిలుస్తారు. ఆలస్య భాగాలను వేరు చేయగలిగితే, ఈ పద్ధతి స్వీకరణను మెరుగుపరచవచ్చు. అయితే, మల్టిపాత్ ఎప్పుడూ ప్రయోజనకరం కాదు. ఆలస్య సంకేతాలు ఒకదానితో మరొకటి కలిసిపోయి, స్వీకరణ పరికరం వాటిని వేరు చేయలేనప్పుడు అవి జోక్యాన్ని కలిగించవచ్చు. == సామర్థ్యం మరియు జోక్యం == CDMA వ్యవస్థలను తరచుగా '''జోక్య పరిమిత వ్యవస్థలు'''గా వివరిస్తారు. ఎక్కువ మంది వినియోగదారులు ఒకేసారి ప్రసారం చేసినప్పుడు, ఆ బ్యాండ్‌లో మొత్తం రేడియో శక్తి పెరుగుతుంది. ప్రతి కొత్త ప్రసారం ఇతర వినియోగదారులకు కొంత జోక్యాన్ని కలిగిస్తుంది. అందువల్ల, CDMAలో వినియోగదారుల సంఖ్యకు ఒకే స్థిరమైన పరిమితి ఉందని చెప్పడం కష్టం. ఒక సెల్‌లో ఎంతమంది వినియోగదారులకు సేవ అందించవచ్చో ఈ అంశాలపై ఆధారపడి ఉంటుంది: [[File:Cdma_orthogonal_signals.png|thumb|An example of 4 mutually orthogonal digital signals]] * ఉపయోగించే బ్యాండ్‌విడ్త్, డేటా రేట్లు * అవసరమైన వాయిస్ లేదా డేటా నాణ్యత * పవర్ కంట్రోల్ పనితీరు * రేడియో ప్రసార పరిస్థితులు, సెల్‌ల అమరిక * సమీప సెల్‌ల నుంచి వచ్చే జోక్యం * స్వీకరణ పరికరం, కోడింగ్ పద్ధతుల సామర్థ్యం చాలామంది ఒకేసారి చురుకుగా ఉన్నప్పుడు జోక్యం పెరిగి, సేవ నాణ్యత తగ్గవచ్చు. దీన్ని నిర్వహించడానికి నెట్‌వర్క్ ప్రవేశాన్ని నియంత్రించడం, వనరులను కేటాయించడం, ప్రసార శక్తిని సర్దుబాటు చేయడం, వినియోగదారులను మరో సెల్‌కు మార్చడం వంటి చర్యలు తీసుకుంటుంది. == ప్రయోజనాలు == CDMAకు కొన్ని ముఖ్యమైన ప్రయోజనాలు ఉన్నాయి: * '''స్పెక్ట్రమ్‌ను పంచుకోవడం:''' అనేక మంది ఒకే ఫ్రీక్వెన్సీ బ్యాండ్‌ను ఒకే సమయంలో ఉపయోగించగలరు. * '''మృదువైన సామర్థ్య పరిమితి:''' వినియోగదారులు పెరిగినప్పుడు పనితీరు సాధారణంగా క్రమంగా తగ్గుతుంది; నిర్దిష్ట ఛానల్ సంఖ్యను చేరగానే ఒక్కసారిగా ఆగిపోదు. * '''ఫ్రీక్వెన్సీ పునర్వినియోగం:''' పొరుగు సెల్‌లు ఒకే ఫ్రీక్వెన్సీలను ఉపయోగించగలవు, అయితే వాటి మధ్య జోక్యం ఉండవచ్చు. * '''కొన్ని రకాల జోక్యానికి నిరోధకత:''' పరిమిత ఫ్రీక్వెన్సీ పరిధిలో ఉండే జోక్యం ప్రభావాన్ని స్ప్రెడింగ్ తగ్గించవచ్చు. * '''మల్టిపాత్ నిర్వహణ:''' కొన్ని రిసీవర్లు ఆలస్యంగా చేరిన సంకేత భాగాలను కలపగలవు. * '''కోడ్‌ల ఆధారంగా ఛానల్ గుర్తింపు:''' ఒకే రేడియో వనరులో వినియోగదారులు లేదా లాజికల్ ఛానళ్లను కోడ్‌లతో గుర్తించవచ్చు. ఈ ప్రయోజనాలు వ్యవస్థ రూపకల్పన, నెట్‌వర్క్ లోడ్, రేడియో పరిస్థితులపై ఆధారపడి ఉంటాయి. == పరిమితులు == CDMAకు కొన్ని పరిమితులు కూడా ఉన్నాయి: * '''పవర్ కంట్రోల్ అవసరం:''' దగ్గరలోని బలమైన ట్రాన్స్‌మిటర్ దూరంలోని బలహీన సంకేతాన్ని కప్పివేయవచ్చు. * '''లోడ్ పెరిగేకొద్దీ జోక్యం పెరుగుతుంది:''' ఎక్కువ మంది ఒకేసారి ప్రసారం చేస్తే డేటా రేటు లేదా కాల్ నాణ్యత తగ్గవచ్చు. * '''రిసీవర్ రూపకల్పన క్లిష్టం:''' సమయ సమన్వయం, కోడ్ పోలిక, మల్టిపాత్ ప్రాసెసింగ్, పవర్ కంట్రోల్ అవసరం. * '''కోడ్‌ల నిర్వహణ అవసరం:''' కోడ్‌లను సరిగా కేటాయించి, వాటి మధ్య జోక్యాన్ని నియంత్రించాలి. * '''రేడియో పరిస్థితుల ప్రభావం:''' కదలిక, సంకేత క్షీణత, అడ్డంకులు, పొరుగు సెల్‌ల జోక్యం పనితీరును ప్రభావితం చేస్తాయి. * '''విస్తృత బ్యాండ్‌విడ్త్ అవసరం:''' అసలు డేటాకు అవసరమైన దానికంటే విస్తృతమైన బ్యాండ్‌లో సంకేతాన్ని పంపుతారు. == FDMA, TDMAలతో CDMA పోలిక == {| class="wikitable" !పద్ధతి !వినియోగదారులను వేరు చేసే విధానం !సరళమైన ఉదాహరణ |- |FDMA |వేర్వేరు ఫ్రీక్వెన్సీ బ్యాండ్‌లు |ప్రతి ఒక్కరికీ ప్రత్యేక మార్గం |- |TDMA |వేర్వేరు సమయ స్లాట్‌లు |ఒకే మార్గంలో ఒక్కొక్కరు తమ వంతుగా వెళ్లడం |- |CDMA |వేర్వేరు స్ప్రెడింగ్ కోడ్‌లు |అందరూ ఒకే మార్గాన్ని వాడుతూ వేర్వేరు నమూనాలతో గుర్తించబడడం |} ఆధునిక వైర్‌లెస్ వ్యవస్థలు అనేక యాక్సెస్ పద్ధతులు, సిగ్నల్ ప్రాసెసింగ్ పద్ధతులను కలిపి ఉపయోగిస్తాయి. ఈ పట్టిక ప్రాథమిక తేడాను మాత్రమే చూపిస్తుంది. == వినియోగాలు మరియు చరిత్ర == సైనిక, పౌర స్ప్రెడ్-స్పెక్ట్రమ్ కమ్యూనికేషన్ వ్యవస్థల్లో CDMA సూత్రాలు ఉపయోగించబడ్డాయి. సెల్యులార్ టెలిఫోనీలో IS-95ను తరచుగా '''cdmaOne''' అని పిలుస్తారు. దాని తరువాతి ప్రమాణాల కుటుంబం '''cdma2000'''. '''W-CDMA''' అనేది UMTS అనే విస్తృతంగా ఉపయోగించిన 3G వ్యవస్థలో రేడియో యాక్సెస్ పద్ధతిగా ఉపయోగించబడింది. తరువాతి మొబైల్ తరాలు ఇతర రేడియో యాక్సెస్ పద్ధతులను ప్రధానంగా స్వీకరించాయి. LTE, 5G New Radioలో ఆర్థోగోనల్ ఫ్రీక్వెన్సీ డివిజన్ ఆధారిత పద్ధతులు, షెడ్యూలింగ్, బహుళ యాంటెన్నా సాంకేతికతలు ప్రధానంగా ఉపయోగిస్తారు. కొత్త నెట్‌వర్క్‌లలో వేరే పద్ధతులు ఉన్నప్పటికీ, వైర్‌లెస్ కమ్యూనికేషన్ అభివృద్ధిని అర్థం చేసుకోవడానికి CDMA ఇప్పటికీ ముఖ్యమైన భావన. == సారాంశం == CDMAలో ప్రతి ప్రసారాన్ని ఒక స్ప్రెడింగ్ కోడ్‌తో విస్తరించి, అనేక మంది ఒకే రేడియో స్పెక్ట్రమ్‌ను ఒకేసారి పంచుకుంటారు. స్వీకరణ పరికరం సరైన కోడ్‌ను ఉపయోగించి కావలసిన సంకేతాన్ని గుర్తిస్తుంది. ఈ విధానం స్పెక్ట్రమ్‌ను పంచుకోవడంలో సౌలభ్యాన్ని అందిస్తుంది; కొన్ని వ్యవస్థల్లో మల్టిపాత్ సంకేతాలను ఉపయోగించుకోవడానికి కూడా సహాయపడుతుంది. అయితే, మంచి పనితీరు కోసం జోక్య నియంత్రణ, సమయ సమన్వయం, ప్రసార శక్తి సర్దుబాటు అవసరం. ax5si4gu2oxuq6v679fe32mn44mvdhd 4679428 4679413 2026-11-01T09:55:17Z MathXplore 3097823 Requesting deletion ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/User:TenWhile6/XReport|XReport]] v3.1d) 4679428 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>{{delete|1=Wrong language <small>[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/User:TenWhile6/XReport|XReport]]</small>}}</noinclude> '''Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) కోడ్ డివిజన్ మల్టిపుల్ యాక్సెస్:''' '''పరిచయం''' కోడ్ డివిజన్ మల్టిపుల్ యాక్సెస్ (CDMA) అనేది అనేక మంది వినియోగదారులు ఒకే రేడియో ఫ్రీక్వెన్సీ బ్యాండ్‌ను ఒకే సమయంలో పంచుకునే కమ్యూనికేషన్ పద్ధతి. ప్రతి వినియోగదారునికి వేర్వేరు ఫ్రీక్వెన్సీ లేదా సమయ స్లాట్ ఇవ్వడానికి బదులుగా, CDMA ప్రతి ప్రసారానికి ఒక ప్రత్యేక కోడ్‌ను కేటాయిస్తుంది. స్వీకరణ పరికరం ఆ కోడ్ సహాయంతో కలిసివచ్చిన సంకేతాల నుంచి తనకు కావలసిన సంకేతాన్ని గుర్తించి స్వీకరిస్తుంది. CDMA సూత్రాలు మొబైల్ ఫోన్ నెట్‌వర్క్‌లు, ఉపగ్రహ కమ్యూనికేషన్, ఇతర వైర్‌లెస్ వ్యవస్థల్లో ఉపయోగించబడ్డాయి. CDMA అనేది ఒకే నెట్‌వర్క్ ప్రమాణం కాదు; ఇది స్ప్రెడ్-స్పెక్ట్రమ్ పద్ధతుల సమూహాన్ని సూచిస్తుంది. IS-95, cdma2000 సెల్యులార్ నెట్‌వర్క్‌లు CDMA ఆధారంగా పనిచేశాయి. W-CDMA అనేది 3G UMTS నెట్‌వర్క్‌లలో ఉపయోగించిన రేడియో యాక్సెస్ పద్ధతి. [[File:Multiplexing_diagram.svg|thumb|Multiplexing diagram]] == అనేక మంది ఒకే ఛానల్‌ను ఎలా పంచుకుంటారు? == రేడియో ఛానల్‌కు పరిమిత సామర్థ్యం ఉంటుంది. ప్రతి వినియోగదారునికి ప్రత్యేక ఫ్రీక్వెన్సీ కేటాయిస్తే, అందుబాటులో ఉన్న ఫ్రీక్వెన్సీల సంఖ్యకు అనుగుణంగానే వినియోగదారులు మాట్లాడగలరు. వినియోగదారులు సమయాన్ని పంచుకుంటే, ప్రతి ఒక్కరూ తమ వంతు సమయం వచ్చే వరకు వేచి ఉండాలి. CDMAలో అనేక మంది ఒకే ఫ్రీక్వెన్సీ బ్యాండ్‌ను ఒకే సమయంలో ఉపయోగిస్తారు. వారి సంకేతాలు స్వీకరణ పరికరానికి కలిసివస్తాయి. అయితే, ప్రతి ప్రసారానికి వేర్వేరు స్ప్రెడింగ్ కోడ్ ఉండటం వల్ల, స్వీకరణ పరికరం కావలసిన కోడ్‌ను ఉపయోగించి సంబంధిత సంకేతాన్ని గుర్తిస్తుంది. కోడ్‌లు జోక్యాన్ని పూర్తిగా తొలగించవు. శక్తి స్థాయి, సమయ సమన్వయం, కోడ్‌ల ఎంపిక వంటి అంశాలను సరిగా నిర్వహించినప్పుడు అవి సంకేతాలను వేరు చేయడంలో సహాయపడతాయి. [[File:Au_CDMA_1X_WIN_W31SAII_gravelly_silver_expansion.jpg|thumb|A CDMA2000 mobile phone]] == ఒక సరళమైన ఉదాహరణ == ఒక గదిలో పలువురు ఒకేసారి మాట్లాడుతున్నారని ఊహించండి. ప్రతి ఒక్కరూ వేర్వేరు లయలో ఒక పదబంధాన్ని పునరావృతం చేస్తున్నారు. ఒక నిర్దిష్ట లయను గుర్తించిన వ్యక్తి, ఆ లయలోని మాటలను అనుసరించగలడు. ఈ ఉదాహరణ పూర్తిగా రేడియో వ్యవస్థకు సరిపోలదు; నిజమైన CDMAలో గణిత క్రమాలు, డిజిటల్ సంకేతాలు, సిగ్నల్ ప్రాసెసింగ్ ఉపయోగిస్తారు. అయినప్పటికీ, అనేక ప్రసారాలు ఒకేసారి జరిగినా, వాటి ప్రత్యేక నమూనాల ద్వారా వాటిని వేరు చేయవచ్చనే ప్రధాన భావనను ఇది వివరిస్తుంది. == స్ప్రెడింగ్ ఎలా జరుగుతుంది? == డిజిటల్ సందేశం బిట్ల రూపంలో ఉంటుంది. ప్రాథమిక CDMA నమూనాలో, ప్రతి బిట్‌ను '''చిప్‌లు (chips)''' అని పిలిచే చిన్న సంకేతాల క్రమంగా మార్చుతారు. ఏ చిప్‌ల క్రమాన్ని ఉపయోగించాలో స్ప్రెడింగ్ కోడ్ నిర్ణయిస్తుంది. ఉదాహరణకు, ఒక చిన్న వివరణాత్మక నమూనాలో: * <code>+1</code> బిట్: <code>(+1, −1, +1, −1)</code> * <code>−1</code> బిట్: <code>(−1, +1, −1, +1)</code> ఇది అర్థం చేసుకోవడానికి మాత్రమే ఇచ్చిన చిన్న ఉదాహరణ; నిజమైన సెల్యులార్ నెట్‌వర్క్‌లలో ఉపయోగించే కోడ్‌లు దీనికంటే క్లిష్టంగా ఉంటాయి. స్వీకరణ పరికరానికి కోడ్ తెలిసి ఉంటుంది. అది అందిన చిప్‌లను ఆ కోడ్‌తో పోల్చి, పంపిన బిట్‌ను అంచనా వేస్తుంది. తన కోడ్‌కు సరిపోయే భాగాలు పరస్పరం బలపడతాయి; ఇతర కోడ్‌ల భాగాలు సాధారణంగా అంత సమన్వయంగా కలవవు. సందేశ సంకేతాన్ని దాని అసలు డేటాకు అవసరమైన బ్యాండ్‌విడ్త్ కంటే విస్తృతమైన ఫ్రీక్వెన్సీ పరిధిలో పంపడాన్ని '''స్ప్రెడ్ స్పెక్ట్రమ్''' అంటారు. చిప్ రేటు మరియు డేటా రేటు మధ్య నిష్పత్తిని సాధారణంగా '''స్ప్రెడింగ్ ఫ్యాక్టర్''' అంటారు. స్ప్రెడింగ్ ఫ్యాక్టర్ ఎక్కువైతే, కొన్ని పరిస్థితుల్లో సంకేతాలను వేరు చేయడం సులభమవుతుంది. అయితే, అదే డేటా రేటు కోసం ఎక్కువ బ్యాండ్‌విడ్త్ అవసరం కావచ్చు. [[File:Generation_of_CDMA.svg|thumb|Generation of a CDMA signal]] == కావలసిన సంకేతాన్ని స్వీకరించడం == సరళంగా చెప్పాలంటే, CDMA స్వీకరణ పరికరం ఈ దశలను అనుసరిస్తుంది: # అనేక వినియోగదారుల సంకేతాలు, శబ్దం, ఇతర జోక్యాలతో కలిసిన రేడియో సంకేతాన్ని స్వీకరిస్తుంది. # తాను స్వీకరించాలనుకున్న వినియోగదారుని సంకేత సమయాన్ని సమన్వయం చేస్తుంది. # ఆ వినియోగదారుని స్ప్రెడింగ్ కోడ్‌ను పొందుతుంది లేదా రూపొందిస్తుంది. # అందిన సంకేతాన్ని ఆ కోడ్‌తో పోల్చి, సంబంధాన్ని గణిస్తుంది. # వచ్చిన ఫలితాన్ని ఉపయోగించి పంపిన డేటా బిట్‌లను అంచనా వేస్తుంది. కోడ్‌లు సమయానికి సరిగ్గా సమన్వయమై, ఒకదానికొకటి ఆర్థోగోనల్‌గా ఉన్నప్పుడు, వాటి క్రాస్-కోరిలేషన్ సున్నాగా ఉండవచ్చు. వాస్తవ రేడియో పరిస్థితుల్లో ఇది ఎల్లప్పుడూ సాధ్యం కాదు. సంకేతాలు వేర్వేరు సమయాల్లో చేరవచ్చు, భవనాల నుంచి ప్రతిఫలించవచ్చు లేదా పరికరం కదలిక వల్ల మారవచ్చు. ఈ ప్రభావాలు కోడ్‌ల ద్వారా సంకేతాలను వేరు చేయడాన్ని కష్టతరం చేస్తాయి. == మల్టిపుల్ యాక్సెస్ మరియు కోడ్‌ల ఎంపిక == '''మల్టిపుల్ యాక్సెస్''' అంటే అనేక మంది ఒకే కమ్యూనికేషన్ వనరును పంచుకునే విధానం. CDMAలో వినియోగదారులు సాధారణంగా ఒకే ఫ్రీక్వెన్సీ బ్యాండ్‌ను, తరచుగా ఒకే సమయ వ్యవధిలోనూ, పంచుకుంటారు. వారి ప్రసారాలను గుర్తించి వేరు చేయడానికి కోడ్‌లు ఉపయోగపడతాయి. ఒక కోడ్‌కు ఉపయోగకరమైన కోరిలేషన్ లక్షణాలు ఉండాలి. అదే కోడ్‌తో సమయానికి సరిగా సరిపోలిన సంకేతానికి బలంగా స్పందించాలి; ఇతర కోడ్‌లకు తక్కువగా స్పందించాలి. కొన్ని వ్యవస్థల్లో ఒకే ట్రాన్స్‌మిటర్ నుంచి సమన్వయంతో పంపే ఛానళ్లకు ఆర్థోగోనల్ కోడ్‌లు ఉపయోగిస్తారు. మరికొన్ని వ్యవస్థలు వేర్వేరు సమయ పరిస్థితులు లేదా ఇతర నెట్‌వర్క్ అవసరాల కోసం ప్రత్యేక కోడ్ కుటుంబాలను ఉపయోగిస్తాయి. కోడ్‌లు తప్పనిసరిగా రహస్య కీలు కావు. వాటి ప్రధాన పని సంకేతాలను గుర్తించడం, వేరు చేయడం. అవసరమైతే గోప్యత కోసం ఎన్‌క్రిప్షన్‌ను ప్రత్యేకంగా ఉపయోగిస్తారు. == నియర్–ఫార్ సమస్య మరియు పవర్ కంట్రోల్ == CDMAలో ముఖ్యమైన సవాళ్లలో ఒకటి '''నియర్–ఫార్ సమస్య'''. ఒకే బేస్ స్టేషన్‌కు రెండు ఫోన్లు సంకేతాలు పంపుతున్నాయని అనుకుందాం. ఒక ఫోన్ బేస్ స్టేషన్‌కు దగ్గరగా ఉండి చాలా బలమైన సంకేతాన్ని పంపవచ్చు. మరొకటి దూరంగా ఉండి బలహీనమైన సంకేతాన్ని పంపవచ్చు. వేర్వేరు కోడ్‌లు ఉపయోగించినా, బలమైన సంకేతం బలహీనమైనదాన్ని కప్పివేసి స్వీకరించడం కష్టతరం చేయవచ్చు. దీన్ని తగ్గించేందుకు CDMA నెట్‌వర్క్‌లు '''పవర్ కంట్రోల్''' ఉపయోగిస్తాయి. ప్రతి పరికరం ప్రసార శక్తిని నెట్‌వర్క్ అవసరానికి అనుగుణంగా సర్దుబాటు చేస్తుంది. సంకేతం స్వీకరించడానికి తగినంత బలంగా ఉండాలి; అదే సమయంలో ఇతర వినియోగదారులకు అనవసర జోక్యం కలిగించేంత బలంగా ఉండకూడదు. వినియోగదారులు కదులుతున్నప్పుడు లేదా రేడియో పరిస్థితులు మారినప్పుడు ఈ శక్తి స్థాయిని మళ్లీ సర్దుబాటు చేయవచ్చు. మంచి పవర్ కంట్రోల్ జోక్యాన్ని తగ్గించి, నెట్‌వర్క్ సామర్థ్యాన్ని మెరుగుపరచడంలో సహాయపడుతుంది. == మల్టిపాత్ మరియు RAKE స్వీకరణ == రేడియో తరంగాలు ఒకే దారిలో కాకుండా అనేక మార్గాల్లో స్వీకరణ పరికరానికి చేరవచ్చు. ఒక సంకేతం నేరుగా రావడంతో పాటు భవనాలు, వాహనాలు లేదా భూభాగం నుంచి ప్రతిఫలించి ఆలస్యంగా కూడా చేరవచ్చు. ఇలా వేర్వేరు సమయాల్లో చేరే ప్రతిరూపాలను '''మల్టిపాత్ భాగాలు''' అంటారు. కొన్ని CDMA వ్యవస్థల్లో, స్వీకరణ పరికరం ఈ ఆలస్య ప్రతిరూపాలను గుర్తించి వాటి శక్తిని కలపగలదు. దీనికి ఉపయోగించే విధానాన్ని '''RAKE రిసీవర్''' అంటారు. ఇందులో వేర్వేరు ఆలస్య భాగాలను గుర్తించి కలిపే ప్రాసెసింగ్ శాఖలను కొన్నిసార్లు “ఫింగర్లు” అని పిలుస్తారు. ఆలస్య భాగాలను వేరు చేయగలిగితే, ఈ పద్ధతి స్వీకరణను మెరుగుపరచవచ్చు. అయితే, మల్టిపాత్ ఎప్పుడూ ప్రయోజనకరం కాదు. ఆలస్య సంకేతాలు ఒకదానితో మరొకటి కలిసిపోయి, స్వీకరణ పరికరం వాటిని వేరు చేయలేనప్పుడు అవి జోక్యాన్ని కలిగించవచ్చు. == సామర్థ్యం మరియు జోక్యం == CDMA వ్యవస్థలను తరచుగా '''జోక్య పరిమిత వ్యవస్థలు'''గా వివరిస్తారు. ఎక్కువ మంది వినియోగదారులు ఒకేసారి ప్రసారం చేసినప్పుడు, ఆ బ్యాండ్‌లో మొత్తం రేడియో శక్తి పెరుగుతుంది. ప్రతి కొత్త ప్రసారం ఇతర వినియోగదారులకు కొంత జోక్యాన్ని కలిగిస్తుంది. అందువల్ల, CDMAలో వినియోగదారుల సంఖ్యకు ఒకే స్థిరమైన పరిమితి ఉందని చెప్పడం కష్టం. ఒక సెల్‌లో ఎంతమంది వినియోగదారులకు సేవ అందించవచ్చో ఈ అంశాలపై ఆధారపడి ఉంటుంది: [[File:Cdma_orthogonal_signals.png|thumb|An example of 4 mutually orthogonal digital signals]] * ఉపయోగించే బ్యాండ్‌విడ్త్, డేటా రేట్లు * అవసరమైన వాయిస్ లేదా డేటా నాణ్యత * పవర్ కంట్రోల్ పనితీరు * రేడియో ప్రసార పరిస్థితులు, సెల్‌ల అమరిక * సమీప సెల్‌ల నుంచి వచ్చే జోక్యం * స్వీకరణ పరికరం, కోడింగ్ పద్ధతుల సామర్థ్యం చాలామంది ఒకేసారి చురుకుగా ఉన్నప్పుడు జోక్యం పెరిగి, సేవ నాణ్యత తగ్గవచ్చు. దీన్ని నిర్వహించడానికి నెట్‌వర్క్ ప్రవేశాన్ని నియంత్రించడం, వనరులను కేటాయించడం, ప్రసార శక్తిని సర్దుబాటు చేయడం, వినియోగదారులను మరో సెల్‌కు మార్చడం వంటి చర్యలు తీసుకుంటుంది. == ప్రయోజనాలు == CDMAకు కొన్ని ముఖ్యమైన ప్రయోజనాలు ఉన్నాయి: * '''స్పెక్ట్రమ్‌ను పంచుకోవడం:''' అనేక మంది ఒకే ఫ్రీక్వెన్సీ బ్యాండ్‌ను ఒకే సమయంలో ఉపయోగించగలరు. * '''మృదువైన సామర్థ్య పరిమితి:''' వినియోగదారులు పెరిగినప్పుడు పనితీరు సాధారణంగా క్రమంగా తగ్గుతుంది; నిర్దిష్ట ఛానల్ సంఖ్యను చేరగానే ఒక్కసారిగా ఆగిపోదు. * '''ఫ్రీక్వెన్సీ పునర్వినియోగం:''' పొరుగు సెల్‌లు ఒకే ఫ్రీక్వెన్సీలను ఉపయోగించగలవు, అయితే వాటి మధ్య జోక్యం ఉండవచ్చు. * '''కొన్ని రకాల జోక్యానికి నిరోధకత:''' పరిమిత ఫ్రీక్వెన్సీ పరిధిలో ఉండే జోక్యం ప్రభావాన్ని స్ప్రెడింగ్ తగ్గించవచ్చు. * '''మల్టిపాత్ నిర్వహణ:''' కొన్ని రిసీవర్లు ఆలస్యంగా చేరిన సంకేత భాగాలను కలపగలవు. * '''కోడ్‌ల ఆధారంగా ఛానల్ గుర్తింపు:''' ఒకే రేడియో వనరులో వినియోగదారులు లేదా లాజికల్ ఛానళ్లను కోడ్‌లతో గుర్తించవచ్చు. ఈ ప్రయోజనాలు వ్యవస్థ రూపకల్పన, నెట్‌వర్క్ లోడ్, రేడియో పరిస్థితులపై ఆధారపడి ఉంటాయి. == పరిమితులు == CDMAకు కొన్ని పరిమితులు కూడా ఉన్నాయి: * '''పవర్ కంట్రోల్ అవసరం:''' దగ్గరలోని బలమైన ట్రాన్స్‌మిటర్ దూరంలోని బలహీన సంకేతాన్ని కప్పివేయవచ్చు. * '''లోడ్ పెరిగేకొద్దీ జోక్యం పెరుగుతుంది:''' ఎక్కువ మంది ఒకేసారి ప్రసారం చేస్తే డేటా రేటు లేదా కాల్ నాణ్యత తగ్గవచ్చు. * '''రిసీవర్ రూపకల్పన క్లిష్టం:''' సమయ సమన్వయం, కోడ్ పోలిక, మల్టిపాత్ ప్రాసెసింగ్, పవర్ కంట్రోల్ అవసరం. * '''కోడ్‌ల నిర్వహణ అవసరం:''' కోడ్‌లను సరిగా కేటాయించి, వాటి మధ్య జోక్యాన్ని నియంత్రించాలి. * '''రేడియో పరిస్థితుల ప్రభావం:''' కదలిక, సంకేత క్షీణత, అడ్డంకులు, పొరుగు సెల్‌ల జోక్యం పనితీరును ప్రభావితం చేస్తాయి. * '''విస్తృత బ్యాండ్‌విడ్త్ అవసరం:''' అసలు డేటాకు అవసరమైన దానికంటే విస్తృతమైన బ్యాండ్‌లో సంకేతాన్ని పంపుతారు. == FDMA, TDMAలతో CDMA పోలిక == {| class="wikitable" !పద్ధతి !వినియోగదారులను వేరు చేసే విధానం !సరళమైన ఉదాహరణ |- |FDMA |వేర్వేరు ఫ్రీక్వెన్సీ బ్యాండ్‌లు |ప్రతి ఒక్కరికీ ప్రత్యేక మార్గం |- |TDMA |వేర్వేరు సమయ స్లాట్‌లు |ఒకే మార్గంలో ఒక్కొక్కరు తమ వంతుగా వెళ్లడం |- |CDMA |వేర్వేరు స్ప్రెడింగ్ కోడ్‌లు |అందరూ ఒకే మార్గాన్ని వాడుతూ వేర్వేరు నమూనాలతో గుర్తించబడడం |} ఆధునిక వైర్‌లెస్ వ్యవస్థలు అనేక యాక్సెస్ పద్ధతులు, సిగ్నల్ ప్రాసెసింగ్ పద్ధతులను కలిపి ఉపయోగిస్తాయి. ఈ పట్టిక ప్రాథమిక తేడాను మాత్రమే చూపిస్తుంది. == వినియోగాలు మరియు చరిత్ర == సైనిక, పౌర స్ప్రెడ్-స్పెక్ట్రమ్ కమ్యూనికేషన్ వ్యవస్థల్లో CDMA సూత్రాలు ఉపయోగించబడ్డాయి. సెల్యులార్ టెలిఫోనీలో IS-95ను తరచుగా '''cdmaOne''' అని పిలుస్తారు. దాని తరువాతి ప్రమాణాల కుటుంబం '''cdma2000'''. '''W-CDMA''' అనేది UMTS అనే విస్తృతంగా ఉపయోగించిన 3G వ్యవస్థలో రేడియో యాక్సెస్ పద్ధతిగా ఉపయోగించబడింది. తరువాతి మొబైల్ తరాలు ఇతర రేడియో యాక్సెస్ పద్ధతులను ప్రధానంగా స్వీకరించాయి. LTE, 5G New Radioలో ఆర్థోగోనల్ ఫ్రీక్వెన్సీ డివిజన్ ఆధారిత పద్ధతులు, షెడ్యూలింగ్, బహుళ యాంటెన్నా సాంకేతికతలు ప్రధానంగా ఉపయోగిస్తారు. కొత్త నెట్‌వర్క్‌లలో వేరే పద్ధతులు ఉన్నప్పటికీ, వైర్‌లెస్ కమ్యూనికేషన్ అభివృద్ధిని అర్థం చేసుకోవడానికి CDMA ఇప్పటికీ ముఖ్యమైన భావన. == సారాంశం == CDMAలో ప్రతి ప్రసారాన్ని ఒక స్ప్రెడింగ్ కోడ్‌తో విస్తరించి, అనేక మంది ఒకే రేడియో స్పెక్ట్రమ్‌ను ఒకేసారి పంచుకుంటారు. స్వీకరణ పరికరం సరైన కోడ్‌ను ఉపయోగించి కావలసిన సంకేతాన్ని గుర్తిస్తుంది. ఈ విధానం స్పెక్ట్రమ్‌ను పంచుకోవడంలో సౌలభ్యాన్ని అందిస్తుంది; కొన్ని వ్యవస్థల్లో మల్టిపాత్ సంకేతాలను ఉపయోగించుకోవడానికి కూడా సహాయపడుతుంది. అయితే, మంచి పనితీరు కోసం జోక్య నియంత్రణ, సమయ సమన్వయం, ప్రసార శక్తి సర్దుబాటు అవసరం. kykdao67rk668i07tbd7yvwco5c12pw Category:Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2025 14 486704 4679433 2026-11-01T10:13:59Z MathXplore 3097823 Created page with "__HIDDENCAT__" 4679433 wikitext text/x-wiki __HIDDENCAT__ 2twjmejn56ditxo46hqinfh52nh6flb Category:Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2026 14 486705 4679434 2026-11-01T10:14:43Z MathXplore 3097823 Created page with "__HIDDENCAT__" 4679434 wikitext text/x-wiki __HIDDENCAT__ 2twjmejn56ditxo46hqinfh52nh6flb Category:Pages that use sub-references 14 486706 4679435 2026-11-01T10:17:14Z MathXplore 3097823 Created page with "{{tracking category}} {{empty category}} __HIDDENCAT__" 4679435 wikitext text/x-wiki {{tracking category}} {{empty category}} __HIDDENCAT__ syf2las6qv8sg6zlkitbc768n7qmexu Category:Subject:Philippine languages 14 486707 4679438 2026-11-01T10:23:55Z MathXplore 3097823 Created page with "{{subject category}}" 4679438 wikitext text/x-wiki {{subject category}} imttcww4rokl6z7xui1hkmjalgp63xz Category:Book:Funding and Finance of Transportation Projects in the United States of America 14 486708 4679439 2026-11-01T10:25:34Z MathXplore 3097823 Created page with "{{book category header}}" 4679439 wikitext text/x-wiki {{book category header}} drhpcp9jwec04s7btc7g0ncqauz34hf Category:Book:Imperialism: a black and white issue? 14 486709 4679441 2026-11-01T10:26:28Z MathXplore 3097823 Created page with "{{book category header}}" 4679441 wikitext text/x-wiki {{book category header}} drhpcp9jwec04s7btc7g0ncqauz34hf The Permanent Advantage 0 486710 4679443 2026-11-01T10:52:55Z ~2026-56678-93 3629308 I have build Chapter 1 4679443 wikitext text/x-wiki === Chapter 1: Queen's Pawn Openings === Welcome to Chapter 1. In this section, we focus on positional chess opening puzzles arising from Queen's Pawn Openings (1.d4). Unlike King's Pawn openings, which often lead to sharp, tactical tactical battles, 1.d4 openings emphasize long-term strategic planning, pawn structures, and piece positioning. Mastering the permanent advantage in these lines requires patience, deep calculation, and an understanding of key positional themes. ---- === Key Positional Themes === Before diving into the puzzles, keep these three strategic pillars in mind: # '''Control of the e4 Square:''' White constantly fights to advance e2-e4, while Black fights to restrict it. # '''The C-File Pawn Chain:''' The tension between the c-pawns often determines whether the game opens up or becomes a closed maneuvering battle. # '''The Bad Light-Squared Bishop:''' In many variations (like the French or the Orthodox Queen's Gambit Declined), Black's light-squared bishop gets trapped behind its own pawn chain. Exploiting this is a classic way to secure a permanent advantage. ---- === Positional Puzzle 1: The Minority Attack === === Position Setup === * '''White:''' King on g1, Queen on c2, Rooks on a1 and fc1, Pawns on a3, b4, d4, e3, f2, g2, h2. * '''Black:''' King on g8, Queen on d6, Rooks on a8 and fc8, Pawns on a6, b7, c6, d5, e6, f7, g7, h7. * '''Theme:''' Carlsbad Structure / Queen's Gambit Declined. === Strategic Challenge === White has achieved the classic Carlsbad pawn structure. The white pawns on a3 and b4 are ready to march forward against Black's pawn chain (a6, b7, c6). What is the most instructive plan for White to create a permanent weakness in Black's camp? text <code>[Your Chess Diagram or Image Link Here]</code> Use code with caution. === Solution & Analysis === The correct plan is the '''Minority Attack''' starting with '''1. b5!''' * '''Why this works:''' White uses fewer pawns (a and b) to attack a larger pawn structure (a, b, and c). * '''The Goal:''' After lines like <code>1... cxb5 2. axb5</code>, Black is left with an isolated d5-pawn or a backward c6-pawn on an open file. White can then park a rook on c5 and target that permanent weakness for the rest of the game. ---- === Positional Puzzle 2: Fighting the London System === === Position Setup === * '''White:''' King on g1, Bishop on f4, Knights on f3 and b1, Pawns on d4, e3, c3. * '''Black:''' King on g8, Knights on f6 and c6, Pawns on d5, e6, c5. * '''Theme:''' Countering the London System. === Strategic Challenge === White has set up a solid, classic London System pyramid. Black has already struck at the center with <code>...c5</code>. How should Black develop their queen and pieces to exploit White's early bishop movement? === Solution & Analysis === The most energetic positional approach is '''1... Qb6!''' * '''Why this works:''' By moving the dark-squared bishop to f4 early, White left the b2-pawn undefended. * '''The Goal:''' Black's queen instantly puts pressure on b2 and d4. If White plays <code>2. Qb3</code>, Black can consider playing <code>2... c4</code>, forcing the queen to move and gaining space on the queenside, or forcing White into an uncomfortable endgame structure. ---- === Next Steps === Now that you understand the opening dynamics of the Queen's Pawn, progress to the next puzzle set to test your tactical precision in closed structures. qhnt31i9up6frcaom4xktkm5ho9zzuz Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...c6/2. Nc3/2...d5/3. Qf3 0 486711 4679445 2026-11-01T11:37:20Z ~2026-47231-00 3624794 1. e4/1...c6/2. Nc3/2...d5/3. Qf3 4679445 wikitext text/x-wiki This variation is very aggressive for White. After '''2... d4 3. Bc4!!''' White want to attack the Black on f7-file. After '''3... Nf6 4. Nce2''', white queen goes to g3 to attack Black's kingside ang knight g1 goes to f3. If Black plays '''2... bxc3?? 3.Qxf7+! Kd7''' and White is winning. tayvf427au0nlrzly7g1rsinwk30in5 4679447 4679445 2026-11-01T11:38:08Z ~2026-47231-00 3624794 Goldman variation in Caro-Cann defence 4679447 wikitext text/x-wiki This variation is very aggressive for White named Goldman variation. After '''2... d4 3. Bc4!!''' White want to attack the Black on f7-file. After '''3... Nf6 4. Nce2''', white queen goes to g3 to attack Black's kingside ang knight g1 goes to f3. If Black plays '''2... bxc3?? 3.Qxf7+! Kd7''' and White is winning. ab7kt2cqo0uelf9v315h9gv9apubr17