Wikibooks:Requests for undeletion

<mediawiki xmlns="http://www.mediawiki.org/xml/export-0.11/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.mediawiki.org/xml/export-0.11/ http://www.mediawiki.org/xml/export-0.11.xsd" version="0.11" xml:lang="en">
  <siteinfo>
    <sitename>Wikibooks</sitename>
    <dbname>enwikibooks</dbname>
    <base>https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Main_Page</base>
    <generator>MediaWiki 1.48.0-wmf.3</generator>
    <case>first-letter</case>
    <namespaces>
      <namespace key="-2" case="first-letter">Media</namespace>
      <namespace key="-1" case="first-letter">Special</namespace>
      <namespace key="0" case="first-letter" />
      <namespace key="1" case="first-letter">Talk</namespace>
      <namespace key="2" case="first-letter">User</namespace>
      <namespace key="3" case="first-letter">User talk</namespace>
      <namespace key="4" case="first-letter">Wikibooks</namespace>
      <namespace key="5" case="first-letter">Wikibooks talk</namespace>
      <namespace key="6" case="first-letter">File</namespace>
      <namespace key="7" case="first-letter">File talk</namespace>
      <namespace key="8" case="first-letter">MediaWiki</namespace>
      <namespace key="9" case="first-letter">MediaWiki talk</namespace>
      <namespace key="10" case="first-letter">Template</namespace>
      <namespace key="11" case="first-letter">Template talk</namespace>
      <namespace key="12" case="first-letter">Help</namespace>
      <namespace key="13" case="first-letter">Help talk</namespace>
      <namespace key="14" case="first-letter">Category</namespace>
      <namespace key="15" case="first-letter">Category talk</namespace>
      <namespace key="102" case="first-letter">Cookbook</namespace>
      <namespace key="103" case="first-letter">Cookbook talk</namespace>
      <namespace key="108" case="first-letter">Transwiki</namespace>
      <namespace key="109" case="first-letter">Transwiki talk</namespace>
      <namespace key="110" case="first-letter">Wikijunior</namespace>
      <namespace key="111" case="first-letter">Wikijunior talk</namespace>
      <namespace key="112" case="first-letter">Subject</namespace>
      <namespace key="113" case="first-letter">Subject talk</namespace>
      <namespace key="710" case="first-letter">TimedText</namespace>
      <namespace key="711" case="first-letter">TimedText talk</namespace>
      <namespace key="828" case="first-letter">Module</namespace>
      <namespace key="829" case="first-letter">Module talk</namespace>
      <namespace key="1728" case="first-letter">Event</namespace>
      <namespace key="1729" case="first-letter">Event talk</namespace>
    </namespaces>
  </siteinfo>
  <page>
    <title>Wikibooks:Requests for undeletion</title>
    <ns>4</ns>
    <id>387</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4680638</id>
      <parentid>4680081</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-07T08:45:02Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Guliismailova</username>
        <id>3525532</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Request to restore Educational Development of Great Britain */ new section</comment>
      <origin>4680638</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="22790" sha1="i3h9l7s62qre0ppveeeb55gk3fpv219" xml:space="preserve">__NEWSECTIONLINK__
[[Category:Wikibooks deletion|{{PAGENAME}}]]
{{Discussion Rooms}}
{{TOCleft}}
{{shortcut|WB:RFU}}
{{Requests for deletion/New undeletion}}
{{Requests for deletion/Undeletion intro}}
&lt;!-- New undeletion requests go at the bottom of this page. --&gt;

== [[Character Encodings]] ==
*I didn't see the deletion discussion, as the latest author of this wikibook. &lt;s&gt;I want to know what work could be done to fix this, if it was restored.&lt;/s&gt; I see that it needs content outside of code tables for it to be valid- if restored, I will add pages for MS-DOS, HP, and EBCDIC. What else needs to be done? If restoring is impossible, I at least want to view it.[[User:Alexlatham96|Alexlatham96]] ([[User talk:Alexlatham96|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Alexlatham96|contribs]]) 21:37, 9 March 2026 (UTC)

**Maybe this can be merged into [[Introduction to Computer Information Systems]] or something similar. [[User:Alexlatham96|Alexlatham96]] ([[User talk:Alexlatham96|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Alexlatham96|contribs]]) 21:44, 9 March 2026 (UTC)
**:Hi, [[User:Alexlatham96|Alexlatham96]]. I closed a [[Special:Diff/4622001|recent deletion discussion]] about the book, because: {{tq|Was never fleshed out into a proper book and consists only of code tables}}. I'll ping @[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] here if they have a second opinion, and because they created the discussion (that never had any participation). There were hundreds of pages in this book that will take some time to restore. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#0024FF&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 00:32, 10 March 2026 (UTC)
**::Chiming in here to elaborate on my reasoning! Per [[WB:WIW]], {{tq|as a general rule, only instructional books are suitable for inclusion. Non-fictional books (as well as fictional ones) that aren't instructional aren't allowed on Wikibooks}}. Examples of nonfictional books that aren't instructional/allowed include reference works like dictionaries, which are only really allowed as part of larger instructional books and not on their own. Based on the contents I saw here, the content was solely reference materials and not instructional materials. I see no problem with consolidating and migrating the content to something like a useful appendix as part of another book. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:15, 11 March 2026 (UTC)
**:::Note that these pages were created as transwiki back in late 2024 from Wikipedia (and they were deleted afterwards), and since these were deleted now from WikiBooks, they're no longer visible (also, they're still deleted from Wikipedia). However, &quot;Wayback Machine&quot; seems to have a copy of it, but it may not be complete.
**:::If a restoration here isn't possible, what should be done instead?
**:::[[Special:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-15548-70|&amp;#126;2026-15548-70]] ([[User talk:&amp;#126;2026-15548-70|talk]]) 19:03, 11 March 2026 (UTC)
**::::This was actually created in an earlier transwiki from Wikipedia (there were two)&lt;s&gt;-&lt;/s&gt; the first being in July 2020. I support the proposal to make it an appendix to Introduction to Computer Information Systems or something similar.[[User:Alexlatham96|Alexlatham96]] ([[User talk:Alexlatham96|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Alexlatham96|contribs]]) 20:15, 11 March 2026 (UTC)
**:::::{{ping|Alexlatham96}} which pages would you want to be undeleted? I can help. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#0024FF&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 22:19, 11 March 2026 (UTC)
**::::::Let's start with the MS-DOS (code page numbers 3846 and lower) and HP code tables section, because these were the most recently transwikied (people will be especially looking for code pages 775, 852, 855, 857, and 860). Once this is done, we can do the EBCDIC code tables, which were also transwikied (and I finished adding what was planned for Wikipedia).[[User:Alexlatham96|Alexlatham96]] ([[User talk:Alexlatham96|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Alexlatham96|contribs]]) 00:17, 12 March 2026 (UTC)
**:::::::I've undeleted all HP code table sections, and to clarify, do you want ALL MS-DOS sections lower than 3846 (including undeleting those in the 100-700 range) to be undeleted? [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#0024FF&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 00:31, 12 March 2026 (UTC)
**::::::::Yes, including 3846. [[User:Alexlatham96|Alexlatham96]] ([[User talk:Alexlatham96|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Alexlatham96|contribs]]) 00:55, 12 March 2026 (UTC)
**:::::::::{{done|All done}}. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#0024FF&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 02:29, 12 March 2026 (UTC)
**::::::::::Great. Let me know when you have time to undelete the EBCDIC section- people will be looking for code pages 37, 500, 875, and 1026 especially.[[User:Alexlatham96|Alexlatham96]] ([[User talk:Alexlatham96|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Alexlatham96|contribs]]) 22:10, 12 March 2026 (UTC)
**::::::::::Update: also the two in the ISO section- these are standards.[[User:Alexlatham96|Alexlatham96]] ([[User talk:Alexlatham96|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Alexlatham96|contribs]]) 06:29, 14 March 2026 (UTC)
***Thank you. I also see that the old administrator is inactive, and never found out about this. There &lt;s&gt;will&lt;/s&gt; may have to be a new administrator other than me, since I am not one on Wikipedia or Wikibooks. &lt;s&gt;Does another user with knowledge of the topic like Drmccreedy or HarJIT have admin powers?&lt;/s&gt;[[User:Alexlatham96|Alexlatham96]] ([[User talk:Alexlatham96|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Alexlatham96|contribs]]) 03:34, 10 March 2026 (UTC)
***Update: I found out they do not have admin rights, but can still do non-admin tasks. The authors of Unicode's legacy encoding proposals (latest being L2-26/077) could also help out if they're active here.[[User:Alexlatham96|Alexlatham96]] ([[User talk:Alexlatham96|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Alexlatham96|contribs]]) 03:55, 10 March 2026 (UTC)
* @[[User:Alexlatham96|Alexlatham96]], [[Character Encodings]] and its subpages are all now restored. I apologize for the huge delay; thank you for your patience. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 14:56, 2 October 2026 (UTC)
** Thank you!!! Adding descriptions to pages.[[User:Alexlatham96|Alexlatham96]] ([[User talk:Alexlatham96|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Alexlatham96|contribs]]) 01:45, 5 October 2026 (UTC)
***Started the Glossary. [[Talk:Character Encodings/Code Tables]] has still not been restored yet. [[User:Alexlatham96|Alexlatham96]] ([[User talk:Alexlatham96|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Alexlatham96|contribs]]) 02:05, 5 October 2026 (UTC)
***:{{done}} ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;v&lt;/span&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 02:11, 5 October 2026 (UTC)
****Two more missing: [[Talk:Character Encodings/Code Tables/EBCDIC]] and [[Talk:Character Encodings/Code Tables/ISO]]. [[User:Alexlatham96|Alexlatham96]] ([[User talk:Alexlatham96|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Alexlatham96|contribs]]) 15:53, 11 October 2026 (UTC)
****: {{done|Restored}}. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 16:01, 11 October 2026 (UTC)

== Markdown ==
The page [[Markdown]] was short but pretty sweet. It showed Markdown features by example and contained decent external links. He who would want to expand the page had the option. I find the page to be a minimum useful product/artifact, to be ideally restored. For reference, [https://web.archive.org/web/20250427011600/https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Markdown the page in Wayback Machine]. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 15:36, 5 May 2026 (UTC)
: {{courtesy ping}} to [[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] who marked the page for speedy deletion. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#0024FF&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 19:00, 5 May 2026 (UTC)
::@[[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] thank you! I think for me this relates to recent on-wiki discussions we've been having in the sense that I don't think it makes sense to host any content that could theoretically be improved by someone at some time in the future. Even if the content is valid (which it seems to be!), the work is not set up to be book-like, I don't think it's in scope here, and I can't see someone coming around and turning it into a book within a reasonable time frame. Does this help? —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 12:42, 8 May 2026 (UTC)
::: {{courtesy ping}} to [[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]]. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#0024FF&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 16:28, 8 May 2026 (UTC)
::: {{Ping|Kittycataclysm}} The content is not book-like, but I do not recall this having been a requirement in Wikibooks (despite the name). If there is a requirement that the content should be book-like, it should be made into a policy. I created other pages that were instructional with no chance of being book-like in the past. Some examples of non-book-like pages include [[less]], [[grep]] and [[sed]].
::: The content is minimum useful artifact for the head and is instructional.
::: Either way, can you please at least restore the content in my user space? --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:15, 18 May 2026 (UTC)
::::@[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] language in policy does refer to Wikibooks content as book-like. For example, per [[WB:WIW]]:
::::* {{tq|&quot;The site should primarily be used for developing textbooks, textbook-like books, and supporting book-based instructional materials&quot;}}
::::* {{tq|&quot;As a general rule, only instructional books are suitable for inclusion&quot;}}
::::* {{tq|&quot;Wikibooks includes both minor and major book-like projects&quot;}}
::::For other admins: if I am missing something obvious, please let me know. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 00:43, 20 May 2026 (UTC)
::::: {{Ping|Kittycataclysm}} Thank you. I note: 1) it says &quot;primarily&quot;, which means &quot;not exclusively&quot;; 2) &quot;instructional materials&quot; is much broader than books.
::::: Moreover, I checked [https://en.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=Wikibooks:What_is_Wikibooks%3F&amp;oldid=3797401 2021 version] of the policy and did not find the text you are quoting. When was the text introduced, by what process and who approved the text? --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 04:25, 20 May 2026 (UTC)
::::: Part of the answer lies in [https://en.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=Wikibooks:What_is_Wikibooks%3F&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=4377929 this edit] of yours from 9 March 2024, which does not trace to a discussion or a vote, but traces to [[Wikibooks:Policies and guidelines]]. However, [[Wikibooks:Policies and guidelines]] is not marked as a policy.
::::: Be it as it may, it does not answer my question: where is the evidence of consensus for the changes, minimally in the form of a discussion, and ideally in the form of a request for comments or a vote?
::::: Let me also ask from the point of view of examining other examples that I already brought up: is it your view that [[less]], [[sed]] and [[grep]] should be deleted as non-books, too short to be considered books?
::::: Let me also ask about the ''process'': why was RFD not used and instead speedy was used? From what I recall, Wikibooks used to delete subpar content via RFD, including all those outlines with no content proper. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 04:41, 20 May 2026 (UTC)
::::::@[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]]
::::::# That's a good catch about the March 9 edit—I can't recall why I made that decision, but I think you're right that moving text from a non-policy page to a policy page without discussion is not appropriate. My understanding is that the general sentiment is still correct, but we'll need more community discussion to officially integrate it into policy.
::::::# Regarding the other examples you listed: assuming the book-like requirement is the community consensus, I don't think they can stand on their own, but it might be possible to turn them into a more cohesive book.
::::::# Regarding the process, I flagged for speedy deletion because I was on the fence about whether it was a speedy or an RFD—in these cases, I usually flag for another admin to review instead of making the deletion myself.
::::::Since this is getting more into community consensus territory, I am looping in other active users and admins to weigh in @[[User:Atcovi|Atcovi]] @[[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]] @[[User:Xania|Xania]] @[[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] @[[User:SHB2000|SHB2000]] @[[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] @[[User:JJPMaster|JJPMaster]]. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 13:04, 20 May 2026 (UTC)
::::::: @Kittycataclysm: Thank you for this response. And let me also thank you for your clean-up effort at Wikibooks; hardly anyone wants to do that and you seem to be doing quite a lot of it. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 13:56, 20 May 2026 (UTC)
:::::::Wikibooks has never been heavy on written policies and tends to operate in line with what the current active community thinks is right. This isn't unusual, many small projects work like that. So getting hung up on who edited a policy and whether it was approved isn't really important - there have been many proposals put forward to amend WIW, and you need to search to find them as they are buried in different talk pages and project pages - what's important is what the community wants to do now. For what it is worth it is pretty clear from its very inception that the intention of Wikibooks was to host textbooks (see [[m:Talk:Science_Hypertextbook_project]]). That doesn't preclude the community from changing its mind, now or in the future. [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 15:23, 20 May 2026 (UTC)
:::::::: 1) This use of the word &quot;community&quot; (instead of e.g. &quot;editors&quot;) is a huge red flag. 2) The above attitude allows for a manipulation of the project, especially by people who are more interested in exercising their power than contributing any useful content. If there really is a consensus of the &quot;current active community&quot; (whatever that is supposed to mean), that current community should not have any difficulty passing it through a request for comment or a vote. From my experience, projects that disregard policies start to get controlled by bad actors, often actors who do not have the skill to do any content work so they natually tend toward mere administrators (also known by Steve Jobs as bozos). --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 07:06, 23 May 2026 (UTC)
:::::::My thoughts are mostly with Marc's and Leaderboard's here. --[[User:SHB2000|SHB2000]] ([[User talk:SHB2000|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/SHB2000|contribs]]) 22:57, 20 May 2026 (UTC)
::::::::+1 —[[User:Atcovi|Atcovi]] [[User talk:Atcovi|(Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Atcovi|Contribs)]] 17:32, 23 May 2026 (UTC)
:I think the book does not qualify in its current state (but as a draft, wouldn't have qualified for deletion either). Markdown is indeed a language without a lot to write; however, I think the book is too small as written. The fact that it's only a single page is fine. [[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]] ([[User talk:Leaderboard|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Leaderboard|contribs]]) 13:08, 20 May 2026 (UTC)
:: But ''why'' does it not qualify, given it shows the most important features of Markup by example? (It is not a book and probably never will be. It is too short for that and will be too short, even if expanded.) --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 13:14, 20 May 2026 (UTC)
:::It's too brief in my opinion. A Wikibook tends to have significantly more detail, even if it's just one page. I think the book can absolutely be expanded in a form that will allow it to stay here. [[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]] ([[User talk:Leaderboard|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Leaderboard|contribs]]) 14:15, 20 May 2026 (UTC)
:::: Brief for what purpose or objective? As a user of Markdown, I want to know the answer to the following questions: 1) What is the core syntax of Markdown (so that I can use it productively)? 2) What are some of the best external sources about Markdown? I provided an answer to both questions. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 07:21, 23 May 2026 (UTC)

== [[Template:Message box]] ==
There are currently [[Special:WhatLinksHere/Template:Message box|128 pages linking to this template]] which are currently displaying error messages instead of the intended text. Even if there is a module which implements some of the technical functionality previously used by this template, a template is still needed to simplfiy the process of invoking that module - even if it just expands to &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{#invoke:Message box}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 19:09, 9 October 2026 (UTC)

== Pages related to citations ==
* [[Doi (identifier)]]
* [[PMID (identifier)]]
* [[ISSN (identifier)]]
* [[PMC (identifier)]]

These pages are all linked automatically by citation templates like {{tl|Cite journal}}. I understand that their content is out of scope for Wikibooks, but we're still linking to them - either they should exist, or we should modify the citation module to not link to them. Having them exist as soft redirects seems like the easier solution. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 19:14, 9 October 2026 (UTC)

:Immediate solution is soft redirects, longer-term solution is removal from the template or at the very least, turning them into links to Wikipedia articles directly. I actually tried to resolve this when I first became an admin, but deciphering how to get these links out of the modules was too tricky for my smooth brain. ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;v&lt;/span&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 20:33, 9 October 2026 (UTC)

== [[User:Ottawahitech/American politics]] ==
Please undelete. Thanks in advance, [[Special:Contributions/~2026-40500-29|~2026-40500-29]] ([[User talk:~2026-40500-29|talk]]) 19:00, 11 October 2026 (UTC)
: I do not see any reasoning on why this user subpage should be undeleted. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 15:36, 12 October 2026 (UTC)

== Restore page please ==
Can admin please restore user:ottawahitech/comedy /satire to my current user space?

thanks in advance, [[Special:Contributions/~2026-56766-53|~2026-56766-53]] ([[User talk:~2026-56766-53|talk]]) 18:33, 25 October 2026 (UTC)

:@[[User:~2026-56766-53|~2026-56766-53]]: This page does not appear to have ever existed. Did you mean [[User:Ottawahitech/standup comedy]]? If so, to quote Codename above, I do not see any reasoning on why this user subpage should be undeleted. [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]&lt;sub&gt;[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]&lt;sub&gt;[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/sub&gt; ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 23:35, 25 October 2026 (UTC)
:This is really simple. The user space of registered accounts is for their use. Your behaviour in asserting that you are the operator of a registered account while not using it is becoming disruptive and you may well end up blocked if it continues. [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 11:08, 26 October 2026 (UTC)

== Request to restore Educational Development of Great Britain ==
Hello,

I am the original creator of the Wikibooks page &quot;Educational Development of Great Britain,&quot; which was deleted on November 29, 2025, as part of a mass deletion of abandoned books.

I created this educational resource during my master's studies at Webster University. It covers the history of British education, major reforms, educational leadership, teacher preparation, and possible applications to Uzbekistan's education system.

I understand that the page may not have fully met Wikibooks' requirements at the time. I have retained a PDF copy and would like the opportunity to revise and improve the content, verify the references, and develop it into a more complete instructional resource.

Could you please consider restoring the page so I can make these improvements? I would appreciate any guidance on what specific changes are needed to meet Wikibooks' standards.

Deletion log: https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Log/delete?page=Educational_Development_of_Great_Britain

Thank you for your consideration. [[User:Guliismailova|Guliismailova]] ([[User talk:Guliismailova|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Guliismailova|contribs]]) 08:45, 7 November 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>i3h9l7s62qre0ppveeeb55gk3fpv219</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Myers-Briggs Type Indicator/Introversion</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4781</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4680589</id>
      <parentid>3334136</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T23:26:24Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>NinjaRobotPirate</username>
        <id>948797</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>this confuses &quot;shy, socially awkward person&quot; with the MBTI definition of introversion</comment>
      <origin>4680589</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="864" sha1="ntgato4cjis227hpia0ytnbp6rg9p0b" xml:space="preserve">{{PersonalityTypeTOC}}

'''Introverts''' prefer to process thoughts internally. Introverts tend to think before they speak, are more deliberative when taking action, and are energized by taking time to organize their thoughts and reflect on experiences. The word is also used informally to refer to somebody who prefers solitary activities to social ones, which is more of a behavioural than cognitive definition. Introverts tend to be seen as quieter and more reserved than extroverted people. They do not necessarily lack social skills; instead, they focus more on internal processing and prefer more contemplative activities.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.myersbriggs.org/my-mbti-personality-type/the-mbti-preferences/|title=The MBTI® Preference Pairs|work=The Myers &amp; Briggs Foundation|accessdate=2026-11-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>ntgato4cjis227hpia0ytnbp6rg9p0b</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Myers-Briggs Type Indicator/Extraversion</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4782</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4680582</id>
      <parentid>3334132</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T22:59:50Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>NinjaRobotPirate</username>
        <id>948797</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>in MBTI, it's not just how outgoing and sociable you are</comment>
      <origin>4680582</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="848" sha1="6upwwzaniv3h1qtkf4br7ovjt93h0g4" xml:space="preserve">{{PersonalityTypeTOC}}

'''Extraverts''' focus their energy on the outside world, rather than an internal world. Typical traits of extraverts include being energized by interacting with other people, taking action with less deliberation as introverts, focusing on breadth over depth, and organizing their thoughts out loud. They can appear to be outgoing and may be effective in pursuits that involve interacting with other people. In typology, &quot;extraversion&quot; is not necessarily the same as what is meant in colloquial usage. Extraverts do not have to be sociable, as long as their focus is on the outside world.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.myersbriggs.org/my-mbti-personality-type/the-mbti-preferences/|title=The MBTI® Preference Pairs|work=The Myers &amp; Briggs Foundation|accessdate=2026-11-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>6upwwzaniv3h1qtkf4br7ovjt93h0g4</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Aros/User/Docs</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>13106</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4680463</id>
      <parentid>4680343</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T16:39:17Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jeff1138</username>
        <id>301139</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>4680463</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="140297" sha1="lf39tc0t6erft0y7eubabgl595lz177" xml:space="preserve">{{ArosNav}}

==What is AROS==

Google translation 
[http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=de&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DAros%2FUser%2FDocs German], [http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=nl&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DAros%2FUser%2FDocs Dutch], [http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=fr&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DAros%2FUser%2FDocs French], [http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=it&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DAros%2FUser%2FDocs Italian], 
[http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=da&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DAros%2FUser%2FDocs Danish], 
[http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=es&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DAros%2FUser%2FDocs Spanish], [http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=hi&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DAros%2FUser%2FDocs Hindi], [http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=zh-CN&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DAros%2FUser%2FDocs Chinese], 
[http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=ru&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DAros%2FUser%2FDocs Russian], 
[http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=pl&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DAros%2FUser%2FDocs Polish], [http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=ja&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DAros%2FUser%2FDocs Japanese], [http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=ko&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DAros%2FUser%2FDocs Korean], 
[http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=pt&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DAros%2FUser%2FDocs Portuguese], 


*Computer Hardware
*AROS (operating system)
*Applications and Games
*User


[http://www.osnews.com/story/15819 AROS] is one of the intermediate levels between the computer hardware and the user. It is an open-source, clean-room implementation of AmigaOS 3.x that can be run on many different computer architectures. It runs primarily on PC x86 32bit and 64bit but also on amiga motorola 68k and compatibles, some ARM like the Pi and Apple Silicon, RISC-V and some old PowerPC. 

This page will cover enough to be able to write the downloaded image to your preferred media, to run a LiveUSB, LiveCD or LiveDVD on your office/home PC (Live meaning you can test without changing your existing setup) and, ultimately, to use it.  

Intel / AMD PC hardware support mostly covers the years 2000 to 2024. At the moment, AROS is '''not''' recommended to be '''installed''' on a working vital data holding machine. Instead, writing to and booting from a '''USB stick''' could be a much better option. 

AROS is an hobby OS and can co-exist with Windows(TM), MacOSX(TM), Android(TM) or Linux(TM) and act as an alternative. 
Unfortunately, Aros has few developers so upgrades and improvements can take [https://sourceforge.net/p/aros/mailman/aros-cvs/ time to appear]. 

AROS core is now [http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Aros/Developer/IncompleteAPIs ~80%] finished and is usable, so keep in mind that the software is still considered ALPHA/BETA and in constant development. Currently AROS is fun to play with on a curiosity level, but it is also interesting to program. AROS has some multimedia features and has internet access.  

Most importantly, use AROS to its maximum potential as it stands now, find ways to have fun with it and share your experiences. 


Good Sites to visit 

: [https://www.arosworld.org/home.php Aros World User forum] 
: [https://arosnews.github.io/ AROS News]
: [https://www.facebook.com/ArosWorkshop/ Aros Workshop], 
: [https://www.osnews.com/topic/amiga-aros/ OSNews] 
: [https://www.reddit.com/r/aros/ Reddit]


: [https://archives.arosworld.org Aros Archives] 
: [https://aminet.net/ Aminet]
: [http://www.amiga-news.de/en/ English translation of German site]


: [https://aros.sourceforge.io AROS] with [https://aros.sourceforge.io/download.html ABIv1 downloads] 
: [https://github.com/aros-development-team/AROS Aros ABIv1 Codebase]
: [https://github.com/aros-development-team/AROS/issues register ABIv1 issues] and [https://sourceforge.net/p/aros/bugs/ old defunct bugs notification site] 


: [https://sites.google.com/view/arosone Aros One x86, x64] 
: [https://tinyarosdistro.flazio.com/ Tiny Aros x86 and x64]
: [https://arosnews.github.io/aros-portable/ AROS portable USB3 stick images of hosted Aros One x86 and x64 on debian] 
: [http://vmwaros.blogspot.com Icaros Desktop x86 now on sabbatical, very old edition] 
: [https://sites.google.com/site/arosaspireone AspireOS, of the netbook Aspire One, very old edition] 
: [https://github.com/deadwood2 Deadwood's builds], [https://www.axrt.org/download/aros/v11/ v11 64bit PC builds], [https://axrt.org/downloads-aros Updated i386 32bit PC builds], 
: [https://github.com/ezrec Ezrec x86 m68k mirror of old svn version]


: [http://arosalive.blogspot.co.uk/p/10-basic-aros-how-tos-tutorials.html Basic How To guides] 
: [http://arosgamer.blogspot.co.uk/ AROS Playground], [http://thewetmachine.net/tag/aros/ Jess Wet Machine], [https://aroshacking.wordpress.com/ Jon Robertson's AROS Experiences and FPC Free Pascal], [], 
:[http://www.apollo-accelerators.com/ Apollo Accelerators m68k], [http://www.amigablogs.net/ Amiga Blogs], [http://blog.a-eon.biz/blog/ Trevor Dickinson blog], 


: [https://forum.amiga.org/ Amiga OS AOS 3.x forum] 
: [http://eab.abime.net/ EAB Amiga] 
: [http://www.amigaworld.net/ AmigaWorld] 
: [http://www.ppa.pl/ Polish Amiga Like News] 
: [http://www.apollo-core.com/ Apollo Forum] 
: [https://amigaalive.blogspot.com/ AmigaAlive]
: [https://www.amigalove.com/software Disk Mags]
: [https://amigachristmastree.ultimateamiga.com/ Xmas Amiga Game Jam]
: [https://www.reddit.com/r/amiga/ Amiga]


== Distributions aka Distros ==

For end users there are distributions (ready made with selected apps aiming to be easy to use), mostly created and maintained by one person in their own workflow/style. They reuse the nightly boot compiles to suit their needs and possibly other end users. You are free to create your own if required. 

* For native 64bit Intel/AMD: [https://sites.google.com/view/arosone Aros One x64], [https://tinyarosdistro.flazio.com/ Tiny Aros],
* For native 32bit Intel/AMD which will run on 64bit machines: [https://sites.google.com/view/arosone Aros One x86], [https://www.tinyaros.it/ Tiny Aros], 
* For native 68k [https://sites.google.com/view/arosone Aros One m68k], [http://www.aros-platform.de/ AROS Vision], 

'''Please, keep in mind that the distros listed above use a different ABI (abi v11) , which is NOT binary compatible with the official ABI V1.'''
* For hosted Linux usb drive image [https://arosnews.github.io/aros-portable/ x64 Debian hosted version of Aros One], 
* For hosted ARM there is [https://github.com/jonx/AROS-AArch64/releases alpha for Apple Silicon] and [https://aros.sourceforge.io/nightly1.html RaspberryPi Pi3, Pi4, Pi400, Pi5, 500+ raspi-aarch64-system native 64bit] 


AROS was originally developed on Linux but can run on an Intel-based Linux distro as an app. As time has gone on, it can be run as an app on many more operating systems (Windows, FreeBSD, Linux and limited on MacOS). This may sound strange: an OS running on top of another OS. 
Basically, this is to take advantage of drivers (audio, internet, graphics, etc.) and compiler environments, in the existing OS, with which people may be already familiar. The term we use for what AROS does is &quot;Hosted&quot;. 

AROS Native is the term coined to describe AROS being run without any OS underneath it. It runs alone just like AmigaOS(TM) did. As this version does not benefit from &quot;Hosted&quot; drivers, dedicated ones have to be ported/written. Hence the smaller range of supported hardware / peripherals. We have other pages highlighting this support 


AROS is open source so basically everyone can take part. The source is public on github and there are new commits most days. AROS is automatically compiled daily, result are the nightly builds hosted on Sourceforge. The nightly builds are only used for testing changes, testing software and the starting point for distribution maintainers or even your own distribution. They are very basic, miss some functionality and apps like web browsers and generic general appearance which can be changed. 

* The [https://sourceforge.net/projects/aros/files/nightly2/ Nightly2], [http://aros.sourceforge.net/download.php nightly builds File Release Service] or [http://aros.sourceforge.net/downloads/ Sourceforge Project Web builds] are made automatically every night directly from the Github and in the past, SVN (Subversion) tree and contain the latest code for the AROS operating system. It should be noted that the builds have not been tested in any way and can be horribly broken but usually are not. 

*ABIv1 standard for most nightly builds, it is where the most work is done by developers 
*ABIv11 offspring aka fork of 64bit PC ABIv1 i.e. another PC 64bit build 
*ABIv0 standard for PC 32bit intel / amd PC distributions for historic reasons 


==Media==

AROS media tends to boot in this tier list of media types, first internal HDD SSD, CD DVD drive, and finally usb drive (last two can depend on bios boot order) 

* USB .VHD 

[https://sites.google.com/view/arosone Aros One x86 and x64], with md5 below 

&lt;pre&gt;
0a656d53a9c902e9934000d8392e30ec *ArosOne-USB-1.3-64Bit.zip
7dd7119ab3e56d75ee852c137226b4d7 *ArosOne-USB-v1.2-x86_64-v11.zip
cf906eeaad4a83b3520b1896bdc6b0d3 *ArosOne-USB-v1.1-x86_64-v11.zip

e2eb8fe8cfd61c567b0152a61cf85251 *ArosOne-x86-v2.8-USB-IMG.zip
559909c75c2f56472c74267a7d075355 *ArosOne-x86-v2.7-USB-IMG.zip
93da5898508c1a8c05bb8991ab7bd117 *AROS One Image-USB-2.4.zip
59fcabd7090e47f12d54f7eb78cf0f45 *ArosOne-x86-v2.2-USB-Image.zip
24fb8de726ae8fc5fe5bac6d30f03dc5  ArosOne-x86-v2.0-USB-Image.zip
f3d725e990072edce633b59747911b6b  ArosOne-x86-v1.8-USB-IMG.zip
e089a24ae310e92fcc407a0125602ce8  Aros-One x86-IMG-USB-v1.6.zip
&lt;/pre&gt; 


[https://tinyaros.flazio.com/ Tiny AROS]

22bc993625b7c75b17263c0cc7e7baaa *Tiny Aros_copy.vhd (March 2024) 


There is usually a vhd image inside the zip that can be written to USB sticks which is so much faster than the old ISO written to physical CD DVD method. This .vhd can be written to an USB stick / ssd with these pieces of software below but it will erase the previous contents from the usb 

Windows - [https://www.raspberrypi.com/software/ RPi Raspberry Imager, use custom and see all files], [https://hddguru.com/software/HDD-Raw-Copy-Tool/ HDD-Raw-Copy-Tool], [https://rufus.ie/ Rufus up to version 3.20 may work with VirtualBox HD vhd images with Win7 but not some Rufus 4.x versions], [https://etcher.balena.io/ Balena Etcher but may spy on you], 

Linux   - [https://www.raspberrypi.com/software/ Raspberry Imager Ubuntu], Suse Image / Multi writer, dd, 

Mac     - 


* Virtual Machine .ISO or CDs DVDs 

 The native iso images are currently not compatible with Ventoy, Yumi, MultiBootUSB, Easy2Boot E2B, or similar 

&lt;pre&gt;
617a905b1665128c5e05f94dcc48e7f1 *AROS-One-v1.3-64Bit-v11.zip
11c8a147fcad7ecf52ae3a43e1934b69 *ArosOne-DVD-v1.2-x86_64-v11.zip
f93053d3b9ccf304d7e6ac3389e1987b *ArosOne-DVD-v1.1-x86_64-v11.zip

86d808a40dc7be389a758799a9b4f595 *ArosOne-x86-v2.0-ISO-DVD.zip
f1fc8599ef6a39e5df394e0f41d55526 *AROS-One-x86-ISO-DVD-v1.6.zip
&lt;/pre&gt;


You can use a virtual emulator like VirtualBox, VMWare to mount the iso image which can then be used to boot and/or install to USB. 

No current software can write an AROS ISO to a Pendrive. The author of ‘Rufus’ (who used an Amiga 500 as a child) once tried, but when he saw the system composition, he said he was unable to do it.

The solution is to boot the ISO from a VM (WMware, VBox), then install the AROS build on the Pendrive, which will eventually become a Live Pendrive that can be booted on a PC.

The only precaution is that in some cases it is necessary to thoroughly clean the Pendrive of any partitions and remove any bootloader that is not AROS. The Pendrive must remain raw without any partitions.

You can clean the USB stick on a PC with a program that manages hard disks. You need to do a partition wipe. On some USB sticks, you can clean it with InstallAROS.
For some USB pendrives, please use a reputable partition editor to remove any and all partitions from a usb pendrive as HDToolbox cannot do this task sometimes with a wipe all option. 


Previously the only installation option was CD-RW or DVD-RW, since the whole system can be burnt onto a single disk and can be reused when the next version is released. Good branded discs like Taiyo Yuden (later JVC) or Verbatim should be used to reduce frustration later. The days for this media is gone but kept here for information 

Since nobody currently sells AROS on any other media, you will need access to a CD/DVD burner to create the installation disk yourself. After it is on a CD or DVD, then access and writing to USB pendrives becomes available (this should be viewed as an outdated or last resort alternative method now), as well as using good USB manufacturers like Sandisk, Kingston, etc. rather than some other no-names. 

Try burning it to a CD-RW or DVD-RW using your CD/DVD burning program (most burning software have a burn iso option). The ideal writing speed is 2x or 4x, higher speeds can give errors and problems.  Check the writing integrity of your CD or DVD if your software has an option to do so before going any further. 

Standalone portable usb cd dvd drives do not boot physical burnt discs, please use an internal ide sata drive instead. 


* SD-card
For [https://aros.sourceforge.io/nightly1.html ARM Pi Aros 64bit], copy the files onto a FAT32 formatted micro SD card. 


==Booting==

The LiveUSB, and in the past LiveCD LiveDVD, is designed to trial (test drive) various operating systems without having to install them to your working system. 

Since 2011, UEFI was introduced to replace the original PC BIOS which made booting media more confusing. Some changes in the UEFI/bios may be needed 

*go into the bios using esc, f2 or f? and disable the Security -&gt; Secure Boot and maybe apply option for Legacy IDE mode 
*you may have to press F9, F10 or F12 or p on boot up to present a device boot options like USB or CD/DVD 
*disable the Fast Boot config so it would recognize portable DVD-drive and changed the Boot-sequence

Secure boot was introduced by Microsoft and later consortium, control what operating systems work with Secure Boot via shims. 
For Aros, it is best to disable and save the turn off change to Secure Boot (if you dual boot with Windows this will cause issues with further Window boots) 

 For the best experience, it is advised to install to another SSD than the one Windows resides on. 

The grub part of the boot should be fully automatic, and you should see a multiple choice graphic card screen after 10 seconds for USB or 40 seconds CDs and DVDs. 
If boot does not occur within a minute, please reboot and choose the VGA boot option as it relays a message stream so you can see where the issue lies. 

After the grub graphics choice, AROS takes over the booting and any issues can arise here 

If possible please use a branded usb pen drive as most of the time when we get reports of &quot;crashes right after grub boot selection&quot; it is mostly due to the recorded pendrive as they are made, notoriously on a will it work / will it fail nature, every time it is used. 
&lt;pre&gt;
So one usb drive written may stop at a System halted. Reset the machine. 
Or another pendrive will show give errors Smart Filesystem request - Volume 'Aros Live Drive' (DU0: usbscsi.device unit 0) There was an error while accessing this volume: 
Or if a FAT32 partition present - FAT filesystem - Device USBSCSI0P1 has a read error on block xxxxxxxx - 
&lt;/pre&gt;
Sadly, no drive even branded are resistant or totally reliable, so the only solution is to try another pendrive, and possibly to repeat, until no errors. 
It will give an indication on how reliable the usb drive could be. 


=====Advice for various machines=====

Some of the stages involved and shown on the display in a typical AROS boot start up 

&lt;pre&gt;
[MultiLoader]
[ELF Loader]
[Boot]

[HPET] 
[Kernel:ACPI]
[Kernel:APIC-IA32]
[Kernel:SMP APIC]
[HiddStorage]

ACPI: ????
ACPI Error 
[ACPI]AcpiOs????
[BattClock] Got RTC century offset 0x32 from ACPI 

[PCI] Scanning bus ? 
[AHCI] Sata 
[Vesa]  only if vesa is chosen as graphics option 

[ATA] detect hd &amp; cd drives 
[ATA0?] ata-identity 
[packet] fat.handler be.handler, etc. 
[DOS] 
[Storage:Bus]
[Storage:Controller]

[MSS] USB setup
[ehciInit] Port ? maps to controller ? 

[I2C] 
[ATI]
[drm] nouveau 
[AROSTCP]   if you have network driver prefs set up to start when booting 


&lt;/pre&gt;

; If boot fails, please give us some indication (pictures or videos) where the boot stops and the message(s) on screen. 


AROS's native SATA/AHCI driver doesn't always work. If you get errors related to ahci.device, try disabling it. At your chosen boot entry in the GRUB menu, Press E, scroll down to the ahci.device entry, and add a # or ; at the start of that line or delete it with Ctrl-K. Then press Ctrl-X or F10 to boot. 

If your disk isn't accessible at all with this change, you might need to change the SATA controller to IDE legacy mode in the BIOS: however, making this change will likely cause problems booting Windows on the same machine (if it's already installed). To disable ahci.device permanently, edit the text file &quot;SYS:Arch/pc/grub/grub.cfg&quot;, and remove the ahci.device line from all boot entries you intend to use.

SATA AHCI Timeout while waiting for device to complete operations with BIOS SATA entry set to AHCI mode stops at &quot;waiting for bootable media&quot; screen, changing BIOS SATA setting back to IDE mode may allow it to continue booting 

The ATA driver doesn't always work. If you get errors related to ata.device, try using the alternative in sys:devs/alt which is an older version.  Press E when your chosen boot entry is highlighted in the GRUB menu, scroll down to the ata.device entry, and change it to read &quot;module /Devs/Alt/ata.device&quot;. Then press Ctrl-X to boot. To make this change permanent, edit the text file &quot;SYS:Arch/pc/grub/grub.cfg&quot;, and change the path to ata.device in all boot entries you intend to use.


Further options (removing the &quot; &quot;) to add to the GRUB menus to disable certain other components for debugging:

&lt;pre&gt;
Disable AHCI                        &quot;AHCI=disable&quot;
Disable NVME                        &quot;NVME=disable&quot;

Disable ATA:                        &quot;ATA=disable&quot;
Disable ATA:                        &quot;ATA=nopci,nolegacy&quot;
ATA safe mode:                      &quot;ATA=nodma,32bit&quot;
Disable IDE from SATA:              &quot;ATA=32bit,nosata2pata&quot;
VIA / SIS with cdrom read io errors &quot;ATA=nodma,nopoll&quot; 

noacpi                   all [PCI] devices to be invisible to AROS. disk drives work but network, sound won't 
acpi=strict              if there are issues with sound after boot 

noioapic                 alternative to no acpi 

Set AHCI                            &quot;AHCI=force150/force300/force600&quot;
Disable AHCI/SATA:       comment out with a # ; or remove ahci.device line with Ctrl-K

Disable USB:             comment out # ; or remove pciusb.device and poseidon.library lines with Ctrl-K
Disable native graphics: &quot;nomonitors&quot;
USB3                     &quot;USB=xhci&quot; 
&lt;/pre&gt; 

Other useful grub command line options - nomonitors, noacpi, vesahack, nopoll 

Press Ctrl and X together (or F10) to exit and boot with the new options. Just experiment with different variations until successful. Those working options will need to be reused with every reboot of AROS until you can edit the grub.cfg and make it permanent i.e. install to hard disk or USB. 


* If you use VESA mode, you can see the debug log if you add 'vesahack' to the command  line.  This  will set up split-screen mode. In the upper half you'll see AROS screen, in the bottom - debug log. 
* ACPI ie. PCI hardware - If  you  get  crashes  at  early boot, try adding 'NOACPI' to the command line 


If you're having boot issues and have a null modem cable and a spare pc, a boot log is always useful. Edit your grub line to include debug=serial but would try with an with sysdebug=all in the line later as it can cause issues booting on machines with sysdebug=all enabled (corrupts the cpu initialization). 

However, if you feel you have found a genuine bug/fault in AROS that needs attention, please use the [http://sourceforge.net/tracker/?atid=439463&amp;group_id=43586&amp;func=browse bug submission form] to record as much information about what happened, why, and what hardware etc. you have so that people may try to assist you 


For Virtual machines VMWare VirtualBox, etc., attach and press play to start the ISO image 

If booting hasn't worked then it could be down to Bios/UEFI settings  


=====nvme.device=====

 Since 2018, nvme drives are standard on most machines 

The requirement is that a PC can boot with legacy mode/BIOS at the moment - Now as far as hardware goes on a newer machine with an NVME drive you may need to add NVME=disable as the NVME driver could potentially cause lockups. 

 This is still in testing and its' use should not be on or near precious own data 


=====AHCI=====

 Starting taking over since 2011 on a lot of machines 

* Check that UEFI (replacement for PC BIOS) has options set to remove UEFI SecureBoot option and apply CSM 
* SATA drive is set for Legacy or a mixture AHCI/IDE and not AHCI 


 AHCI sata can be very difficult to get working

Most Windows installs are already set to AHCI sata, changing this to a legacy IDE mode setting can help but please check if Windows will still boot. Some hardware like Lenovo laptops do not always like being set in legacy mode so only use as a last resort and aware of issues that can be caused. 

Now as far as hardware goes on a newer machine with an NVME drive you may need to add NVME=disable as the NVME driver could potentially cause lockups. 

With a 16C/32T chip machine, disable SMT and it should boot. 


=====ata.device for old BIOS's =====

 Pre 2010 this was the de facto standard method of providing settings to the computer at a lower level 

Some adjustments to the BIOS setup options are necessary (usually by pressing a key like DEL, F1, F2, F12 or ESC, p on the very early boot up of the computer). 

*Adjust booting options like moving USB hdd, CDROM higher as it is quite often disabled or placed lower by default, i.e. USB hdd, CD/DVD are placed at the top above the hard drive. Try looking here [http://www.windowsreinstall.com/articles/bios/ Windows] or [http://www.hiren.info/pages/bios-boot-cdrom Bios] or [http://www.wikihow.com/Set-Bios-to-Boot-from-a-CD-ROM Boot] or web search &quot;BIOS BOOT CDROM&quot;

* At the '''SAME''' time, check if the SATA/AHCI option is set to Emulate or IDE Legacy, though this can have '''issues''' with any OS already on the hard disk. If in doubt, do nothing and seek advice. 

* check that under BIOS settings you '''DO NOT''' have plug&amp;play OS selected as Aros at this point is unable to route interrupts on its own and needs the BIOS to do that. 

'''Save''' options changed at the end. 

PCITool can show if the motherboard chipset is in IDE mode. 
Class = 0x01 means STORAGE, Subclass = 0x01 means IDE. Also ProductID 0x3a20 resolves to non-AHCI mode in Intel ICH10 documentation.


==Installing==

We have a separate section [https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Aros/Platforms/x86_installing here]

We have a specific section for each CPU platform under the Specific platforms in the NavBar navigation bar on the right hand side menu 

error code (-6) when using the ahci.device (has writing to disk problem but not reading) is enabled. change this line in your grub and reboot 

&lt;pre&gt;
#module /Devs/ahci.device      &lt;&lt; disable
module /Devs/Alt/ata.device    &lt;&lt; add this line instead
&lt;/pre&gt;


==File structure overview==

AROS' directory structure is mostly identical to AmigaOS directory structure, with some additions.

AROS: or SYS: also known as DH0: (i.e. the drive partition with AROS system) has the following simplified list of the main drawers (Amigas term for directories/folders). 


{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|boot:
| grub bootloader 
|----
|C:
| small apps, where AROS looks first for applications/games but will look at Tools, System afterwards
|----
|Classes:
| .class as well as datatypes 
|----
|Devs:
| .device .resource and in their own drawers (folders) .audio, .hidd, network, graphics 
|----
|L:
| where .handler files go 
|----
|Libs:
| where .library files go 
|----
|Locale:
| where help guide txt readme files go 
|----
|Prefs:
| applications that adjust or setup AROS functions and capabilities 
|----
|S:
| startup scripts (for the aros boot process '''not''' grub) are stored here
|----
|Storage:
| place to keep old or alternative device drivers
|----
|System:
| applications associated with AROS operating system
|----
|Tools:
| extra applications
|----
|Utilities:
| extra applications
|----
|WBStartup:
| copy applications here to autostart with needed icons, drawers, data etc
|----
|}

See [[Aros/User/DOS#Drives.2C_Files.2C_Assigns.2C_Directories|DOS manual: Drives, Files, Assigns, Directories]]


=== Filesystem ===

Whilst the kernel is the heart, the filesystem is the blood of the system they are split into two categories (only a few are supported) 
&lt;pre&gt;
Journalling     - SFS PFS3 but also NTFS ZFS XFS ext4 
Non-journaling  - FFS FAT32(VFAT) but also exFAT BtrFS ext2  
&lt;/pre&gt;

Filesystem options for AROS to install 
* SFS default 
* Professional File System PFS3 on most architectures 
* FFS very old now but left in for legacy usage 0x444f5301 

Other [https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=driver/filesystem filesystems] for storage purposes 
* FAT32 favorite as most OSs support 
* NTFS (can lock AROS) 
* exFAT there is a [https://www.jkn.me/blog/bringing-exfat-to-aros/ standalone version] as well as the fuse based one 

The only filesystems that really NEED defragging (i.e. disk tidy up) are from Microsoft(TM) - exFAT/VFAT/NTFS
*SFS tries to do exactly the same thing, but in certain cases it doesn't do as well as PFS. But you can defrag SFS 
*PFS *minimises* the amount of fragmentation, but does not automatically defrags as it saves files to the drive 

The setup of the below filesystems is usually done by the distro maintainer but if not....
&lt;pre&gt;
Copy L/exfat-handler L:

DOSDriver or Mountlist entry for an exFAT partition make sure that the FileSystem and Handler are set as follows:

FileSystem     = exfat-handler
DosType        = 0x46415458
&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;pre&gt;
Copy L/ntfs3g-handler L:

DOSDriver or Mountlist entry for an NTFS partition make sure that the FileSystem and Handler are set as follows:

FileSystem     = ntfs3g-handler
DosType        = 0x4e544653

Also to make a read-only mount you can set:

Control        = ro
&lt;/pre&gt;


The Smart File System (SFS) is a journaling filesystem used on Amiga computers and AmigaOS-derived operating systems. It is designed for performance, scalability and integrity, offering improvements over standard Amiga filesystems as well as some special or unique features.  

SFS is written in C and was originally created and released as freeware in 1998 by John Hendrikx. After the original author left the Amiga scene in 2000, the source code to SFS was released and its development continued by Ralph Schmidt in MorphOS. 

Its development has now forked; as well as the original Amiga version, there are now versions for MorphOS, AROS, AmigaOS 3, and a version for AmigaOS 4, which have different feature sets but remain compatible to each other.  Versions for AROS, AmigaOS and MorphOS are based on different branches.  

In addition, there is a driver for Linux to read Amiga SFS volumes, GRUB natively supports it and there are free drivers to use it from UEFI.  The Linux version is [http://home.elka.pw.edu.pl/~mszyprow/programy/asfs/ independent code].  

SFS (Smart File System) partially defragments itself while the filesystem is in use. The defragmentation process is almost completely stateless 

AROS SFS version has a 120GB partition size limit on hard disks and DVDs current 4gig size limit. 
The sources for the MorphOS 64-bit version of SFS were available but no porting to AROS has happened so far due to endian issues, etc. 

SFS Tools 
* GUI - arSFSDoctor, 
* CLI - sfscheck , [http://www.portacall.org/ sfsundelete], sfsformat, setcache hits a usability ceiling around the 10GB / 100,000 file mark, 

 sfscheck dh0: seek purge fraglist defragment

If there are two simultaneous file writes in progress and you reboot machine (or it locks up or crashes) you may end up with a corrupted filesystem. Although arSFSDoctor may help, you might have to copy the files to another partition, format the partition with the errors on and copy the files back. 


 FileSystem     = pfs3-handler
 DosType        = 0x50465303 

 Max Transfers  = 0x1fe00 

PFS handler v19.1 is way more advanced and much much faster than the FFS. FFS is supported for legacy reasons only. 
The Professional File System (PFS) is a filesystem originally developed commercially for the Amiga and now distributed on Aminet with a 4-clause BSD license. It is a compatible successor of AmiFileSafe (AFS), with an emphasis on added reliability and speed compared to standard 1980s Amiga filesystems.  It also features multi-user abilities like the older MuFS. 

PFS has so many advantages including the important things, speed, the ability to recover all deleted files even simply same name by typing the command &quot;. Deldir&quot; convenient if done in Directory Opus, virtually deleted files are copied normally as if they had never been deleted, other convenience is to not ever invalidate the filesystem, just put it on top of the startup-sequence command &quot;diskvalid&quot;, which automatically corrects any irregularities in the system startup; PFS also provides a device for floppy which makes them very fast and takes advantage of the full capacity of the floppy including the area dedicated to the bootloader.

The device is split into two main areas. At the beginning of the device is the metadata section, which consists of a root block, and a generic array of blocks that can be allocated to store metadata. The rest of the device is another contiguous generic array of blocks that can be allocated to store data. The metadata section usually uses a few percent of the device, depending on the size of the device.

The metadata is stored as a tree of single blocks in the metadata section. The entire directory structure is recorded in the metadata, so the data section purely contains data from files. The metadata describes the location of data in files with extents of blocks, which makes the metadata quite compact.   

When a metadata update occurs, the system looks at the block containing the metadata to be changed, and copies it to a newly allocated block from the metadata section, with the change made, then it recursively changes the metadata in the block that points to that block in the same way. This way, eventually the root block needs to be changed, which causes the atomic metadata update.   

The filesystem is reasonably good at keeping files unfragmented, although there is a defragmentation tool available which will work on an online filesystem ie whilst being used. 

It was the first filesystem to introduce the concept of the Recycle Bin natively at filesystem-level to the Amiga, holding the last few deleted files in a hidden directory on the disk root.  

PFS version 5.3 was developed in C and a small portion of assembly code by Michiel Pelt.  There are endian issues to be overcome and adapting the small amount of m68k to C before use on intel based machines, etc. PFSdoctor and PFSSalv can be used to check the filesystem. 


Autoupdate of files in a directory is already implemented in Wanderer, but not all file systems handle dos.library/StartNotify() in its full extent. It seems to work correctly in Ram Disk (thanks to AmberRAM handler), and it also works on SFS formatted devices. Other file systems might not yet have it implemented correctly though. 

The PC equivalent of the Amiga's RDB is the master boot record (MBR).


===Installing Applications===

The typical means to install applications under AROS/AmigaOS involves simply copying/extracting the archive (.zip .lha .rar .tar.gz) file containing the applications files to your own desired location i.e. drawer/folder. Once extracted, launching it by double clicking on an icon (recommended) or using the shell (alternative). Generally, this is on a separate partition from your AROS system files, however in reality it can be any location - including RAM: if you don't want it staying around too long especially when you switch off. 

At some time in the future it may be desirable for AROS to have a package-manager like subsystem able to retrieve information online about packages available for AROS and whether they update anything you currently have installed, however at the moment no such ability exists.


===User Data files===

AmigaOS has no notion of a default location to store user data files, and presently neither does AROS - though it may be desirable at some time to provide a common start location.

Some people, have extra small FAT32 partition(s) using HDToolbox, and not Qparted, to store data especially if a reinstall is ever needed. And then setup the usual Sys: (DH0:) and maybe Work: (DH1:) / Live USB (DU0:) and maybe Briefcase (DU1:) partitions. 


===User Environment configuration files===

AmigaOS/AROS stores persistent system configuration data in directory assigned to ENVARC:.  This, by default, points to SYS:Prefs/EnvArc.

During boot a copy is made to another assign, ENV:, which is for runtime usage.  Changes to the files here will not survive a reboot.

Setting the env variables is generally done by applications themselves, or when necessary by the user using the SetEnv command. SetEnv has a SAVE switch to force the persistent copy in ENVARC: to be written also for when you are sure the change should be permanent.

Under the standard installation of AmigaOS style OSs, ENVARC: is copied to ENV: upon startup, which, if you have a hard drive installation, is in RAM:, hence, ENV: ends up being RAM:Env.

ENVARC: is the Environment Archive, which is the permanent copy of ENV:, which is the Environment.  It's roughly like the Registry in Windoze. 

Most programs do (and all should) store their settings in ENVARC: somewhere, and load them from ENV:.  The effect of this can be seen in the Preference editors.  If you Save your preferences, they go in ENVARC: and ENV:.  If you click Use, they only go in ENV:.  If you reboot, normally, anything saved to ENV: is lost, and is replaced with a copy of what is in ENVARC:.

you can set the default public screen for any tool started from a cli with the PUBSCREEN variable. So open the pubscreen, set PUBSCREEN to the name and start newcli for example, then the new cli window (and all following windows opened from that window) will appear on that public screen.


===Drivers===

For certain hardware, e.g audio, networking and , there is no auto setup. Just like the original Amiga OS. 
For audio, use AHI in the Prefs folder to set Music and at least Unit 0 with the appropriate driver and press Save. For ethernet and wifi, please use SYS:Prefs/Network 

All hardware support is placed in the Devs drawer (folder/directory). The network drivers &lt;something.device&gt; go in the Networks sub-drawer. Audio drivers &lt;something.audio&gt; are put in the AHI sub-drawer. Graphics drivers &lt;something.hidd&gt; are put in the Drivers sub-drawer. 


==Configuring==

AROS has mainly decided on a MUI-like requester&amp;menu clone called Zune so changing the background, icons, font, menus can be done with SYS:Prefs/Zune 

AROS has several desktop GUI front ends like 
* DOpus5 Magellan II, Wanderer and Scalos (medium) 
* AROS Workbench, Workbook (smaller) 

File / Directory managers like Dopus4, MCAmiga, 

App Launch Shortcuts like FKey, BoingIconBar, right mouse click on magellan, wanderer desktop, Amistart, etc. 

General usability decisions - Prefs/IControl, Prefs/Locale, Prefs/Input, Prefs/Fonts, 


Select an icon with left mouse button and then right click the mouse button and selecting Icon -&gt; Information gains access to the tooltypes tab where information can be edited 

CLI in icon's tooltypes means 'run it as if it was run from shell'
If, on the other hand, the WB parameter (or no parameter) is present in Tooltypes, Wanderer will execute the binary and, if provided, the options included in Tooltypes. 

WBxCLI is very useful for adding options to DOS Commands.

Important: AROS has a different way of managing icons. If you have an executable file, you will never be able to add a project icon. AROS will automatically recognise that it is an executable file and will transform the icon into a tool icon.


Icons are typically now .png pictures renamed as .info e.g. so Office application name would have a Office.png renamed as Office.info or MyApp.png as MyApp.info, etc.  

Leave Out menu option to leave app icon on desktop 

To select multiple icons and save their positions, click on the first icon and after while you hold the Shift key down select further icons and don't release it before SnapShot is finished.  You can also select a whole group of icons by pressing the LMB at the top left of the icons and while keeping the LMB down moving the power towards the bottom right. A expanding bounding box will appear and all the icons within it will be selected.  

Clean Up menu option (right mouse button -&gt; Icons) rearranges icons in a drawer or disk window into a neater condition. To use, open the window to rearrange and select Clean Up. To keep the icons in the new positions, select all the icons (shift key or mouse selection) and select 'Snapshot' and then Window and then again with All.  

In DOpus5, Scalos, wanderer, most files have an icon file associated with it. To change the default tool, select Icon menu, Information, and change the default tool string. For example, you could use Multiview, Editor and so on for most text, graphics and some sound files as long as the appropriate Datatype classes are installed. For scripts, set the tool to C:IconX 


We have new Icon edit tools in progress but if you need to...
 C:Join Image1.png Image2.png TO MyFile.info
is enough to make a dual state icon from two png images. You can then use Wanderer's menu Icon/Information on it to edit its fields and tooltypes.

[https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=graphics/icon AISS toolbar images] unpack unarc them into RAM: and copy Images directory to SYS:Prefs/Presets/  AISS icons are looked for in PROGDIR:, PROGDIR:Images, SYS:Prefs/Presets/Images and then in TBImages: according to Open Amiga guidelines.  

there is Demos/iconscale which could be launched from S:User-Startup with two arguments, telling it the horizontal and vertical size. IE something like 
 Demos/iconscale 40 40
It will shrink icons... not sure if it will be very nice though. it doesn't work for the icons on the main desktop. 

there is an option to scale an icon to a bounding box afair, try iconsize followed by two numbers, like:
 iconsize 32 32

Is there any way in AROS to change an icon type from Project to Tool or vice versa?
Either the SIT option of [ ProcessIcon], or the TYPE option of HandleInfo (not sure if this one works at all, please test with care).
 processicon sys:pathoftheicon SIT=Project 

SIT Set type of ICON. Allowed types are: &quot;Disk&quot;, &quot;Drawer&quot;, &quot;Tool&quot;,  &quot;Project&quot;, &quot;Garbage&quot;, &quot;Device&quot;, &quot;Kick&quot; and &quot;AppIcon&quot;.

Btw, are your icons, the #?.info files, writable, is the W flag set ?


'''Decoration''' is Aros' way to provides a way to hide the old Workbench 3.1 style of windows and screens. In Prefs/Appearance some decorative theming elements need work 

Themes - SYS:Prefs -&gt; Appearance 
The default content of Prefs/Env-Archive/SYS/themes.var should be &quot;themes:ice&quot; but can be changed via the Appearance prefs, please do NOT click the Use button. Its useless. As you know, it will ask for the theme volume. Just pick the theme you want, click on Save, then reboot. 

* Decoration is on. Any time trying to change theme, you get: &quot;Please insert volume Theme: in any drive&quot;? 
You could check if you find SYS:System/Themes or if it is missing. Then you could open startup-sequence which you can find in drawer &quot;S&quot;. There should be a line: 
 Assign THEMES: SYS:SYSTEM/THEMES &gt;Nil: 
This does the trick. 
Open a shell and run: 
 Assign THEMES: SYS:SYSTEM/THEMES 
Than start the Theme prefs again... this should work 

* The theme is the only thing that could slow the system a bit, but it's not that performance impacting on most uses, and you can switch it off completely. Remove C:Decoration from the bottom of the file sys:s/startup-sequence. 

In each theme directory is 
*Env-Archive -&gt; Zune -&gt; global.prefs
*images -&gt; Gadgets -&gt; 20x20 pngs for Down etc 
*menu -AmigaKey - Background - Checkmark - SubMenu and config
*system - Arrowdown, Arrowleft, Arrowright, Arrowup, etc 


There is an [https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=graphics/theme ALua/Zulu script] built for faster Wanderer skin management. You can modify config files, install new (wdz format/zipped skin files) and delete skins via the Theme Manager. This has not been updated in a long time and may not work. 


Certain features are added if from Tools/Commodities like Blanker screensaver, ClickToFront and DepthMenu with .info icons are selected and dragged to /WBStartup folder 

Most apps can be autostarted by copying into SYS:WBStartup directory folder 
e.g. WeatherBar.zip can be downloaded, unzip and the contents of the zip copied to wbstartup folder 
 ClicktoFront and .info to SYS:WBStartup so always be activated when turning on the computer 

or add a text line to user-startup is SYS:S (scripts version of wbstartup) 

e.g. standard Amiga / AROS does not allow clicking of background windows to come to the front to make it easy to get to the window you need but it has the ability if these apps are copied again to WBStartUp or are added to SYS:S/user-startup script 

 run QUIET sys:Tools/Commodities/ClickToFront &gt;Nil: 
 run QUIET sys:Tools/Commodities/DepthMenu &gt;Nil: 
 run QUIET sys:Tools/Commodities/Blanker seconds=300 &gt;Nil: 


Exchange controls Commodities and can be opened with alt, ctrl, h 

*AltKeyQ uses left Alt key to add strange letters 
*AutoPoint 
*Blanker screensaver 
*ClickToFront allows windows to be easily brought to the front 
*DepthMenu adds menu to select window easily 
*NoCapsKey
*Opaque 
*FKey - Although there are heaps of docks, menus and other launcher programs on the Amiga like OSs, FKey has got to be one of the quickest once learnt ways to launch programs, and it comes with the OS. In SYS:Tools/Commodities, the FKey commodity (Ctrl Alt F) allows you to make actions assigned to some combinations of keys 

&lt;pre&gt;
ALT TAB       Cycle Windows
              Cycle Screens
              Enlarge Window
              Shrink Window
              Toggle Window Size
              Insert Text
              Run Program
              Run Arexx Script
&lt;/pre&gt;

e.g.
&lt;pre&gt;
LAmiga F1               = Avail Flush
LAmiga F2               = Open Prefs
LAmiga F3               = Finder
Alt Tab                 = Cycle Windows
LAmiga Tab or M         = Cycle Screens
Alt Up arrow            = Enlarge Window 
Alt Down arrow          = Shrink Window
Alt Home                = Toggle Window Size 
                        = Insert Text             
LAmiga e                = Run Program             
                        = Run Arexx Script        
&lt;/pre&gt;

If your FKey GUI pops up when you start your Workbench up and you don't want it to, click once on the icon, go to the Icons-Information in the menu and make sure it has the tooltype set &quot;CX_POPUP=NO&quot;. 

Now let's launch it and assign the locale switching. After you double-click on FKey icon, launch the Exchange, choose the FKey from list and click the Show button. This will invoke the FKey window. You can see the ALT TAB in list assigned to window switching. Now enter the first key combination, say, ALT Z and go to the right panel. Choose Launch the program from pulldown menu and enter SYS:Prefs/Input as an argument. Append the USE switch and english preset name to the string as shown:

SYS:Prefs/Input USE SYS:Prefs/Presets/english

Click on the New Button to add the another combination. Now set the combination for your locale as shown above, replacing English name with your preset name. Click New button again and then Save Settings. Now you can use defined combinations to switch the layouts.


There is a system wide ARexx script capability (based on regina) that can manage many file manipulation task(s) but this would work only with those program that support [https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Aros/Developer/Docs/Rexx ARexx] like 

*Desktop - DOpus5, Scalos 
*Dock - FKey, 
*Files - Multiview, DOpus4, 
*Internet Apps - Odyssey, WookieChat, 
*General Apps - 


the shell can be modified with escape strings but not needed in most cases 


 Common Keyboard Shortcuts

&lt;pre&gt;
RAlt Right Alt Key 
LAlt Left Alt Key 
RWinKey Right Windows Key 
LWinKey Left Windows Key 
RAmiga Right Amiga Key (if one)
LAmiga Left Amiga Key (if one)
&lt;/pre&gt;

;Bootup Options 
:Spacebar during boot, enters the bootmenu which allows a boot without startup sequence, etc  

;Left Click 
:LAmiga = LWinKey = F11 

;Right Click 
:RAmiga = Help = F12 

;Mark 
:RAmiga and B 

;Cut 
:RAmiga and X 

;Copy 
:RAmiga and C 

;Paste 
:RAmiga and V 

;Search 
:RAmiga and S 

;Mouse Movement 
LAmiga and together with arrow keys - shift as well at the same time as well to move faster 

;Mouse Selection 
LAmiga and LAlt to select 

;Screen Switching 
LAmiga and M or N 

;HELP key 
Can sometimes be mapped to F11 but can be changed via FKey 


ComKeyRemapper or AmigaKeyremapper could swap RAmiga to another key press 


===DOpus 5 Directory Opus Magellan II===

Dopus 5.x is a whole desktop replacement on the Amiga Workbench (Desktop). Please describe any replicable errors [https://github.com/BlitterStudio/dopus5/issues here] 

DirectoryOpus app '''will''' assign DOpus5: to it's PROGDIR: automatically but if not add the below (edit SYS:System to suit where Dopus5 was installed) to your startup-sequence 

&lt;pre&gt;
Assign DOpus5: SYS:System/DOpus5 
DOpus5:DirectoryOpus 
;DOpus5:C/LoadDB
&lt;/pre&gt;

Left mouse button clicked twice on the desktop background brings up the Device List window. 
Green strip notifies SRCE (source) and if another is open it will be red for DEST (destination). clicking on the red strip changes to green 

Word list of actions with a left mouse click on the DOWN Arrow and directory stuff with &lt; button which mirrors the icons at the top of each lister 

single-key hotkeys? exactly the same as in dopus4, edit your functions (button bank, toolbar, menus etc.) and under the flags gadget is a key gadget, just click in it and press the key you want to use.

As for the extra text field... try turning off Extended lister key selection in environment / miscellaneous.

Shift and click on the icon - runs the icon 


DOpus5 Magellan 2 Directory folder drawer structure 
&lt;pre&gt;
ARexx       - Arexx scripts .rexx and .dopus5 to perform tasks 
Buttons     - 
Commands    - 
Desktop     - 
Environment - two environment files bundled:
 default gets loaded if you run DOpus as a normal app
 workbench gets loaded if you run DOpus as a WB Replacement (with LoadDB on startup)
Filetypes   - 
Groups      - 
Icons       - 
Images      - 
Modules     - compiled tasks 
Settings    - 
Sounds      - 
Themes      - 
WBStartup   - Use this if standard SYS:WBStartup gives cannot wait error messages 
&lt;/pre&gt;


Settings -&gt; Environment -&gt; Display -&gt; Workbench (Use) 


*Settings -&gt; Clock (add to title bar as well as the date) 

*Toolbar  -&gt; Editor (Right Win Key together with 1) for Copy, Move, Delete, etc above the Device List 
*Menu     -&gt;  (Right Win Key together with 2) 
*Buttons  -&gt; Editor (Right Win Key together with 3) 

*Settings         -&gt; Environment (Right Win key together with 4) for Backgrounds, etc 
*File Types       -&gt;  (Right Win key together with 5)
*User Menus       -&gt;  (Right Win key together with 6)
*Hotkeys          -&gt; Setup for quick shortcut keypresses (Right Win Key together with 7) 
*Scripts          -&gt;  (Right Win key together with 8)
*Icon Positioning -&gt;   (Right Win key together with 9)


Each Dopus5 theme are stored in a separate directory, named appropriately, which contains further sub directories 

* Font (amiga bitmap fonts)
* Screens (jpg or any picture supported by datatypes but not animations) 
* Sounds (wav but not iff 8svx ) 
* Icons (png newicons glowicons ) 
* Patterns (iff jpg png ) 


Just use wildcards in background filenames and you get a different picture every reboot 

For example, configure in Environment -&gt; Backgrounds -&gt; Desktop something like this:
&lt;pre&gt;
Work:Pictures/Backgrounds/#?
...or 
Work:Pictures/back#?.iff
...etc...
&lt;/pre&gt;


[https://aminet.net/util/dopus arcdir and themes]  


If you want to change the backdrop pic after a period of time, paste below into a text file called dopusrandbg.rexx and place in DOPus5:ARexx 

&lt;pre&gt;
/* Changes DOpus background image forever

   Start with:
   Run &gt;NIL: RX dopusrandbg.rexx 
*/

if ~show(&quot;L&quot;, &quot;rexxsupport.library&quot;) then do
	if ~addlib(&quot;rexxsupport.library&quot;, 0, -30,0) then exit 10
end

/* Configure these two lines for your needs: */
minutes=1
picpath=&quot;Work:Pics/#?.iff&quot;

address DOPUS.1

do forever
	call delay 3000*minutes
	dopus set background '&quot;'picpath'&quot;' desktop center custom
	dopus refresh background custom
end
&lt;/pre&gt;


If you don't want to use/open rexxsupport.library just for DELAY() then use the DOS Wait command

&lt;pre&gt;
/* random diropus backdrop changer */
/* by paul trauth, 1999 */
/* to do: non-repeatable randomness? */

options results

parse arg path

address DOPUS.1

/* get current backdrop pattern so it actually changes */

dopus query background desktop custom
currentpatt=result
lastslash=lastpos('/',currentpatt)
currentpatt=substr(currentpatt,lastslash+1,(pos('&quot;',currentpatt,2)-lastslash-1))

dir=showdir(path,'FILE','/')
num=0
do while dir~=''
    where=pos('/',dir)
    if where&gt;0 then do
        file=left(dir,where-1)
        dir=right(dir,length(dir)-where)
    end
    else do
        file=dir
        dir=''
    end

    if left(file,1) ~='.' &amp; file~=currentpatt then
        do
            pics.num=file
            num=num+1
        end
end

which=random(0,num-1,time(s))
newbg='&quot;'||path||'/'||pics.which||'&quot;'

dopus set background newbg desktop tile precision exact
dopus set background on
dopus refresh background
&lt;/pre&gt;


Clock format commands available are defined by locale. They are:
&lt;pre&gt;
 %a - abbreviated weekday name
 %A - weekday name
 %b - abbreviated month name
 %B - month name
 %c - same as &quot;%a %b %d %H:%M:%S %Y&quot;
 %d - day number with leading 0s
 %D - same as &quot;%m/%d/%y&quot;
 %e - day number with leading spaces
 %h - abbreviated month name
 %H - hour using 24-hour style with leading 0s
 %I - hour using 12-hour style with leading 0s
 %j - julian date
 %m - month number with leading 0s
 %M - the number of minutes with leading 0s
 %p - AM or PM strings
 %q - hour using 24-hour style
 %Q - hour using 12-hour style
 %r - same as &quot;%I:%M:%S %p&quot;
 %R - same as &quot;%H:%M&quot;
 %S - number of seconds with leadings 0s
 %T - same as &quot;%H:%M:%S&quot;
 %U - week number, taking Sunday as first day of week
 %w - weekday number
 %W - week number, taking Monday as first day of week
 %x - same as &quot;%m/%d/%y&quot;
 %X - same as &quot;%H:%M:%S&quot;
 %y - year using two digits with leading 0s
 %Y - year using four digits with leading 0s
&lt;/pre&gt;
like %a %d-%b-%y %H:%M or 


A WB ARexx interface, you could enter a cli command as a menu item to open a WB drawer like this...
 RX &quot;address WORKBENCH;WINDOW 'device:drawer' OPEN&quot;
Where device:drawer is replaced by the path of the drawer to open. 

The ARexx script would be capable to manage such a task but this would work only with those program that support ARexx 

&lt;pre&gt;
dopus addappicon
dopus addtrap
dopus back
dopus checkdesktop
dopus clear
dopus command
dopus desktoppopup
dopus error
dopus front
dopus getdesktop
dopus getfiletype
dopus getstring
dopus matchdesktop
dopus progress
dopus query background, font, palette, pens
dopus read
dopus refresh all, background, icons, lister
dopus remappicon
dopus remtrap
dopus request
dopus script
dopus screen
dopus send
dopus set background, font, palette, pens
dopus setappicon
dopus version
&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;pre&gt;
lister add
lister addstem
lister copy
lister clear value
lister clearcaches
lister close
lister empty
lister findcache
lister getstring
lister iconify
lister new
lister query active all, dest source
lister query abort, busy, case, dirs, display, entries, entry, files, flags, handler, header, hide 
lister query label, lock, mode, namelength, numdirs, numentries, numfiles, numseldirs, numselfiles
lister query path, proc, position, seldirs, selentries, selfiles, separate, show, sort, 
lister query title, toolbar, value, visible, window
lister read
lister refresh
lister reload
lister remove
lister request
lister set busy, case, dest, display, field, flags, handler, header, hide, label, lock, mode
lister set namelength, newprogress, off, path, position, progress, separate, show, sort, source
lister set title, toolbar, value, variable
lister select
lister wait
&lt;/pre&gt;

The '''command''' allows you to call internal DOpus commands from an ARexx script

&lt;pre&gt;
command all
command wait copy
command read s:startup-sequence
command source 12345 makedir name noicon
&lt;/pre&gt;


*SFTP secure encrypted comms over internet using libssh2 and zlib (different protocol to the two below) on port 22 
*FTPS secured with https like security on port 21 
*FTP not secure and unencrypted protocol over internet on port 21 (should not be used today on the internet but for your own server) 


===Wanderer ===


Wanderer prefs in the prefs drawer - Appearance tab and Workbench icon allows backgrounds (wallpapers) icon text sizes, colors, etc but cannot use #? or *.* in the backgrounds file entry to randomly choose pictures - [https://developers.google.com/speed/webp/docs/riff_container webp riff container] issues with this format but Multiview has none. 

Enable the bar, you need to edit the text file ‘statusbar.prefs’. The change is simple: just change “False” to ‘True’.

Prefs/Env-Archive/SYS/Wanderer/statusbar.prefs 


===Scalos===

[https://web.archive.org/web/20180922220139/http://scalos.noname.fr/ Scalos] is not an OS replacement, it's a Workbench replacement. It replaces the desktop and graphical file management components. 

Scalos is 100% Workbench replacement with most functions working like the original Workbench ones. Undo and Redo available for most window and icon operations. Fully multitasking so every window has its own task. While loading icons, any window function (e.g. Drag&amp;Drop) is available. 

24bit color support with window patterns - Unlimited and easily configurable via tooltypes. Optimised backgroundpatterns routine so patterns can be tiled, centred or even scaled to fit into the windows. Live updating window scrolling - Supports middle mouse button panning and drawer (folder) windows can be iconified on the desktop. 

Icon imagetypes with all types are supported such as backfill or complement. Configurable surrounding iconborder. Icon support also visually highlights files which are soft-links in the file system. Icon dragging is more stable and far less flickery on graphics cards. Whilst dragging, icons are displayed with text and they can become transparent over anything where they can be dropped. 

Single-window lasso mode, with scrolling window contents invoked by dragging mouse with configurable qualifier key. Text icon lasso selection used to ignore &quot;Name column selects text icons&quot; flag. Support for backfilled thumbnail icons, with selectable color and transparency. Added option to always generate square thumbnail icons with preview icons for images - Thumbnails can be permanently saved in icons. 

Supports PNG icons with alpha channel and real transparency and displays OS3.5 GlowIcons and are all scalable. Iconborders with variations (normal, shadowed, outlined). 

Completely configurable, filetype-specific user-definable popup menus and tooltips. Plugin system to exchange or add features and can enhance the Workbench and make it more configurable. 

Filetype plugins to display filetype-specific information. - Currently, EXIF information viewer for JPEG images is included. Plugin included for 100% support of OS3.9 Workbench features. Plugin included for AREXX API compatible to OS3.9 Workbench. 

Online update with updater.module


Scalos works also as a Workbench replacement. In this case the 'emulation mode' has to be set by using Scalos' own version of LoadWB and offers 
* Scalos uses the Workbench Screen for its windows instead opening a new one 
* AppIcon, AppMenuItem, AppWindow functions are redirected to Scalos
* all Programs placed in &quot;WBStartup&quot; should start 
* The Screen will be reopened in case of changes in ScreenMode and Palette settings


&lt;pre&gt;
v1.0 (V39.201) - November 1999
v1.1 (V39.212) - December 1999
v1.2b (39.220) - June 6, 2000
v1.2d (39.222) - 2000 (latest public beta executable)
v1.3 (40.7) (beta) - August 2, 2001
v1.3 (40.22) - September 25, 2002
v1.4 (40.32) (beta) March 31, 2005
v1.6 (41.4) - March 27, 2007
v1.7 (41.5) - August 12, 2007
v1.8 (41.6) - March 12, 2009
v1.9 (41.7) (beta) - March 15, 2010
v1.9 (41.8) (RC1) - August 25, 2012 open source 
v1.9.2 (41.10) Deadwoods' AROS late 2022 32bit and 64bit build unifying the code base of ` for AROS x86 ABIv0, AROS x86_64 ABIv11 and AROS m68k  
&lt;/pre&gt;


Distros may have Scalos files under SYS:System/Scalos or Extras:Scalos. Known [https://github.com/deadwood2/AROS/issues/75 bug list], 


 Certain files like Menu13.prefs, Palette13.prefs, Pattern.prefs and scalos.prefs need to be in SYS:Prefs/Env-Archive/Scalos they can be found in Scalos:Storage/envarc and country drawer 

or run the &quot;Scalos Menu&quot; preferences program. Note if already setup with sub-menu entries and then re-save your menu prefs as it will now generate a new/overwrite prefs file called &quot;Menu13.prefs&quot; in &quot;envarc:scalos/&quot;. The same is also required for the new Palette prefs update, click 'Save' and a &quot;Palette13.prefs&quot; file will be saved in to &quot;envarc:scalos/&quot; directory. 


&lt;pre&gt;
ASSIGN Scalos:             SYS:xxx/xxx DEFER   
ASSIGN Libs:               Scalos:Libs add    
;ASSIGN SYS:Devs/Datatypes  Scalos:Devs/Datatypes   add  
Assign Theme:              Scalos:Themes/Default_Theme add 
Assign Locale:             Scalos:Locale add 

Protect Scalos:Tools/browse.script s add quiet 
Protect Scalos:Tools/OpenShell s add quiet 
Protect Scalos:Tools/run.script s add quiet 

run Scalos:Tools/LoadWB 
;Scalos:Scalos
&lt;/pre&gt;

Add the above to SYS:S/startup-sequence or SYS:S/user-startup '''before any Wanderer entries''' 


In the prefs drawer (folder) is the big prefs app Scalos_Prefs which covers these user setup areas 
&lt;pre&gt;
About Scalos
Paths               - should be preset 
Startup             - WBStartup drawer contents should auto run on each startup 
Desktop             - edit titlebar, icon layout and in misc, auto leave-out (drag icon to desktop) 
Icons               - 
Drag and Drop       - 
Windows             -
Text Windows        -   in misc, drawer sorting at start of listing if needed 
TrueType Fonts      - use Truetype fonts rather than system ones 
Miscellaneous       - 

Plugins             - after adding oop/title_clock.plugin %ti %da does not work, maybe needs ASCII .prefs added 
Modules             - ??
Menu                - setup for MainMenu and PopupsMenu with New Menu, RE Name, Key: shortcut, Command Properties 
FileTypes           - already added def_Project icons and def_Disk (hdd sdd cd dvd etc) support 
PopupMenu           - tweak how popups appear 
Pattern             - Wallpaper backgrounds with Type DE, each pattern in the list can be edited, Save as Pattern.pre 
Palette             - change the color of things , Save as Palette.pre 
&lt;/pre&gt;


Scalos_Prefs - Pattern - Minimum options to be changed are 
*DE Desktop/Background 
*SC Screen 
*TW Window/TextBackground ie Text listing showing if icon type not recognised 
*IW Window/Background ie Icons showing 

 Workflow - In &quot;Pattern List&quot; tab, select New - choose a picture, highlight in list, click in number box under New button and slide to another number, click on &quot;Defaults&quot; tab and adjust Pattern numbers slider to choose right picture for each of the above options - Click &quot;Pattern List&quot; tab to check eveything is OK and click Save 

Pattern List tab on Patterns Page - Allows you to compile a list of pictures (one at a time rather than a whole folder e.g. with #? or *.*), assigning a number Nr to one or more of them for easy reference. Using this number you will be able to assign the pictures to specific windows on the Defaults tab Page. If multiple pictures have the same number, one of the pictures will be chosen randomly. This will allow you to have random desktop pictures, random window backdrops etc. 

Defaults tab on Patterns Page - Here you can set the defaults for the background pictures for the Desktop, Screen, Window and/or Text Mode throughout Scalos. 
Randomize every time [check box] - Usually Pictures with the same number will be randomly selected as soon as the configuration loads. If this option is set, the picture will be selected as soon as a window with the same number assignment is opened. 

*Fit size: The picture will be resized to the dimension of the new window.You *MUST* have set GUIGfx on. asyncron layout: Pictures will be loaded and rendered while the windows opens (Like original Workbench). If this function is 'off', pictures will always be loaded before opening the windows. 
*Use friendbitmap : The picture is present twice in memory for best speed. This option has no effect if V43 picture.datatype or GUIGfx are used. Always relayout: If &quot;Fit size&quot; is set, the picture will be scaled everytime the window's dimensions change.
*Randomize everytime: Usually Pictures with the same number will be randomly selected as soon as the If more pictures have the same number, one of them will be chosen randomly. 

Patternlist New/Delete : Add a new picture. After that you should assign a number to it. The picture will be rendered as tiles. configuration loads. If this option is set, the picture

Asyncron-Task priority: You can set the CPU priority for the Task if &quot;asyncron layout&quot; is set. 
&lt;pre&gt;
Desktop: Number of the Picture for the main window.
Screen: Number of the picture for the Scalos-Screen.
Window: Number of the picture for the Scalos-windows.
TextMode: Number of the picture for the Scalos-windows in Text Mode.
&lt;/pre&gt;


Popup Menu preferences fully configurable menus (includes ToolsDaemon and ParM launch apps import), including support for context-sensitive Popup menus configs for top pull down menus for apps, etc. 

 Workflow - Scalos_Prefs then Menu, New Item, New Command add name at top then in Command Properties e.g. add Workbench and location e.g. DOpus:DOpus4 for apps  Command for c apps or Rexx for scripts or Plugin for  or AmigaDos for modules 

&lt;pre&gt;
DESCRIPTION	NAME/A      This is the title that is displayed in the top line of any popup menu  
INCLUDE NAME/A          Name of file to be included. Path can be relative to &quot;Scalos:FileTypes&quot; 

POPUPMENU      Starts the popup menu description section for this filetype.
&lt;/pre&gt;

The following Subcommands are allowed inside popup menus:
&lt;pre&gt;
SUBMENU &quot;NAME/A&quot;
ENDSUBMENU 


MENUENTRY &quot;NAME/A,KEY/K,DEFAULTACTION/S&quot;
ENDMENUENTRY 

INTERNALCMD	&quot;NAME/A&quot;
WBCMD &quot;NAME/A,STACK/K/N,WBARGS/S,PRI=PRIORITY/K/N&quot;
AREXXCMD &quot;NAME/A,STACK/K/N,WBARGS/S,P=PRIORITY/K/N&quot;
CLICMD &quot;NAME/A,STACK/K/N,WBARGS/S,P=PRIORITY/K/N&quot;

ICONWINDOWCMD &quot;NAME/A&quot;

PLUGINCMD
MENUSEPARATOR

ENDPOPUPMENU

TOOLTIP 
ENDTOOLTIP
&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;pre&gt;
Starts the tooltip description section for this filetype. The following Subcommands are allowed inside popup menus:

GROUP &quot;ORIENTATION/K&quot;
ENDGROUP  
MEMBER &quot;HIDE/K&quot;
ENDMEMBER  

HBAR 
STRING &quot;ID/K,TEXT/K,SRC/K,TEXTPEN/K,HALIGN/K,STYLE/K,FONT/K,VALIGN/K&quot;
SPACE &quot;SIZE/N/A&quot;

DTIMAGE &quot;FILENAME/A&quot;
&lt;/pre&gt;


Each theme drawer (folder) has these further folders 
&lt;pre&gt;
About            - 
Desktop          - 
FileTrans        - 
FileType         - 
Icons            - 
Menu             - 
Modules          - 
PointerIcons     - 
Prefs            - 
Sound            - 
Window           - 
&lt;/pre&gt;


*Plugins
&lt;pre&gt;
devicefilter.plugin       
persist.plugin            should a crash or reboot occur - next time Scalos started, all windows re-opened 
title_clock.plugin        add digital clock to title see more below 
title_envvar.plugin       %ev, which can be used to display the value (a string) of the variable in the titlebar 
title_freepens.plugin     
volumegauge.plugin        
wb39.plugin               
wbrexx.plugin             plugin adds a Workbench 3.5+ compatible AREXX interface to Scalos internals 
xtwindows.plugin          left or right ALT or left or right SHIFT keys when open/close windows 
filetype.plugin           then run FileTypes-prefs and customize the filetypes (eg import from a DefIcons-brainfile) 
menu.plugin               
&lt;/pre&gt;


*Modules - delete, empty_trashcan, execute, find, format_disk, information, iconproperties, newdrawer, reboot, rename, systeminfo, windowproperties 


*Tools - scripts like LoadWB, quit.rexx, open_volume.rexx, 


In Scalos_Prefs-&gt;Filetype-&gt;Recognition  you can define the filetypes and on &quot;Action&quot; you define specific context menu for all filetypes defined in recognition (similar to magellan)
there is the same you must show all first (list is only limited) so you created a file type AAABBB, you need to have def_AAABBB icon 

Associating files with &quot;Scalos_FileTypes&quot; is very simple, practically it is very similar to Dopus4, first you create the Def_icons to assign to the file type (will be seen automatically ), then run &quot;Scalos_FileTypes&quot; you add the extension, fill in the descriptor (MATCH or PATTERN etc..) and save 

then you create an appropriate entry in the list and rename it, if def icon exists it is shown. Below you can define how files are identified. Use &quot;pattern&quot;, similar to magellan to identify file by ending. Then you click on the shown icon and define in it what program is used when you double-klick on it and save it. On the tab action you can define popup menu for it. 

defined all archive types from XAD in &quot;filetypes&quot;. If you change to &quot;action&quot; and click on &quot;archive&quot; you can define the context menu that is shown if you do not define a specific context menu for a filetype


Reset to Default in Scalos_Prefs resets all settings so '''BEWARE''' 


&lt;pre&gt;
The Scalos desktop screen titlebar may be configured using the main Scalos Preference program. This oop/time_clock plugin adds some additional placeholders:

    %ti, displays the current time in the default Locale format. e.g. &quot;10:43:37&quot;
    %da, displays the date in the default Locale format. e.g. &quot;Saturday 14 July 2001&quot;

Using the supplied prefs program for the plugin, or editing the ASCII file ENVARC:Scalos/title_clock.prefs you can use the following standard Amiga Locale values to change the formatting 

    %a - abbreviated weekday name
    %A - weekday name
    %b - abbreviated month name
    %B - month name
    %c - same as &quot;%a %b %d %H:%M:%S %Y&quot;
    %C - same as &quot;%a %b %e %T %Z %Y&quot;
    %d - day number with leading 0s
    %D - same as &quot;%m/%d/%y&quot;
    %e - day number with leading spaces
    %h - abbreviated month name
    %H - hour using 24-hour style with leading 0s
    %I - hour using 12-hour style with leading 0s
    %j - julian date
    %m - month number with leading 0s
    %M - the number of minutes with leading 0s
    %n - insert a linefeed
    %p - AM or PM strings
    %q - hour using 24-hour style
    %Q - hour using 12-hour style
    %r - same as &quot;%I:%M:%S %p&quot;
    %R - same as &quot;%H:%M&quot;
    %S - number of seconds with leadings 0s
    %t - insert a tab character
    %T - same as &quot;%H:%M:%S&quot;
    %U - week number, taking Sunday as first day of week
    %w - weekday number
    %W - week number, taking Monday as first day of week
    %x - same as &quot;%m/%d/%y&quot;
    %X - same as &quot;%H:%M:%S&quot;
    %y - year using two digits with leading 0s
    %Y - year using four digits with leading 0s

 like %d %m %y or %a %d %B %Y %p
&lt;/pre&gt;


Shutdown -&gt; right mouse button Scalos, About, Reboot, Shutdown 


ToolTypes can be added to the Scalos.info icon like 
*SCALOS_PATTERNNO=&lt;number&gt; : background image matching the number 
*SCALOS_NOTEXT : The Icon will be drawn without Text.
*SCALOS_NODRAG : The Icon will not be draggable. Its position will be fixed.
*Module iconproperties - Added SCALOS_BROWSERMODE tooltype support

runcommand parameters... in which case:
&lt;pre&gt;
%p = parameters
%w = directory path
%d = device-name
%% = literal percentage token
&lt;/pre&gt;


With the help of the wbrexx.plugin Scalos gains support for more of the compatible arexx API 

If an arexx command produces an error you will find the error code placed in the WORKBENCH.LASTERROR variable.

ACTIVATEWINDOW
&lt;pre&gt;
/* Activate the root window */
ADDRESS workbench
ACTIVATEWINDOW root

/* Activate the &quot;Work:&quot; partition's window if already open*/
ACTIVATEWINDOW &quot;Work:&quot;
&lt;/pre&gt;

CHANGEWINDOW
&lt;pre&gt;
/* Change the root window; move it to position 10,30. * and change its size to 200100 pixels */
ADDRESS workbench
CHANGEWINDOW root LEFTEDGE 10 TOPEDGE 30 WIDTH 200 HEIGHT 100

/* Change the currently active window */
CHANGEWINDOW active 20 40 200 100
&lt;/pre&gt;


Most of Scalos' issue are due to the flexibility of its' user configuring nature but if 


The sort menu plugin needs to be ported from ASM to C.

IIRC Scalos has a command line option to fully replace Workbench/Wanderer.

The Theme: assign is used by both Wanderer and Scalos but I didn't have any problems using both at the same time.


The Program will be started from the Shell.
If &quot;WB Args&quot; is set, with the Argument &quot;%p&quot; will be replaced by the path of the activated Icons. The Program will started with the specified Stack value.
IconWindow: Scalos opens the window of the specified path.


PlugIn: Starts a Scalos Menu-PlugIn.
If a Menu Item with empty name is specified, Scalos displays a separator line.
It's possible to Drag&amp;Drop an Icon in the Configuration Window. All values will be set accordingly. Entries may be dragged across the list.


Mac-like selection : This function activates a multiselection method used on MacOS or Win95. Don't have to hold down shift to drag them. Clicking on an already activated icon will
not deselect all other icons. 

MMB move: The window contents may be moved using the middle mouse button. 

WindowPopup title only: PopupMenu for windows can be opened only on window's title bars. 

FullBench: Screen-Titles removed and Main Window set Full Size. 
Scalos Prefs. Go to Settings-&gt;Scalos-&gt;Prefs and then the Misc section. Remove the tick against Full Bench. If you've enabled it, the titlebar will disappear when you select backdrop.


Default Icons saveable : The icons which Scalos generates if &quot;show all files&quot; is enabled, can now be saved
using &quot;snapshot&quot; menu option. load DefDisk first : Try to read the icons first from the DefIcons Path before using disk info. 


Hide hidden files : If this function is activated all files or directories where the &quot;hide&quot; flag is set will not be shown.

Many of my Icons display more than once on the screen, while on the workbench all seems ok.
The Workbench filters double displayed icons, Scalos does not. Solution: please edit the &quot;.backdrop&quot; file and clear double lines.

Background images not scaled. GUIGfx option not set or guigfx.library and/or render.library not installed.

If working with CD's causes crashs or Scalos doesn't work correctly.
Most Filesystems doesn't support the ExAll function correctly. Disable &quot;Use ExAll&quot; in Scalos prefs.

Scalos doesn't start any program in the WBStartup. WBStartup Path may be set wrongly or Scalos was not started in Emulation Mode (LoadWB etc) 
Some programs will not startup with error message &quot;has not returned, wait some more&quot;? and &quot;unable to open your tool&quot; 


need a def_icon with the same name predefined, then create an appropriate entry in the list and rename it, if def icon exists it is shown. Below this can define how files are identified. 
* either &quot;pattern&quot;, similar to magellan to identify file by ending
* or 
Then click on the shown icon and define in it what program is used when you double-click on it and save it. On the tab action you can define popup menu for it. All in all handling is of course different to magellan but can do similar 

For the RAM Icon, to obtain this you have only to copy the icon in the Icon Path as &quot;RAM.info&quot; or &quot;Ram Disk.info&quot;. All functions will automatically be performed 

sometimes cut into half or quarters when scrolled off screen or drawers moved - settings issue probably  

Sometimes leaves initial drawer window imprint on desktop when moved - settings issue 


Scalos AROS released a [https://github.com/deadwood2/contrib/tree/master/scalos new build V2022-07-21] with the following changes noted:
&lt;pre&gt;
Fixed:
    Numerous crashes when working on 64-bit with 64-bit heap
    Wrong background color of Scalos logo on Scalos splash window
    Backgroung image of Scalos splash window and Scalos About window is not visible
    Icon labels on desktop and in drawer windows are displayed using Topaz instead of Arial font
    Font.prefs are not being loaded on 64-bit
    Font.prefs are being wrongly saved on 64-bit
    scalos.prefs are not being loaded on x86 and x86_64, scalos is using always default preference
    scalos.prefs are being saved on x86 and x86_64 in format not compatible with m68k 
    NewPopupmenu.prefs is wrongly written
    Plugins are not loading at Scalos startup
    wbrexx.plugin is crashing at startup on 64-bit
    Multiple controls missing on Scalos Prefs/Icons page
    System crash when clicking on def icon image on FileTypes Prefs/Recognition page
    Status bar, control bar, buttons sometimes don't have images displayed
    Buttons in Scalos About window have white corners rendered where they should be transparent
    Crash when leaving out an icon
    Crash when adding a User-defined Button to Control bar without setting it's properties in Scalos Prefs
    Crash when removing any button from Control bar in Scalos Prefs
    Scalos Prefs allows editing TTEngine font properties when TTEngine is not present causing crash in Icons/Labels and Text Windows/Fonts pages
    deficons.prefs are not being loaded on x86 and x86_64
    Reset to default in FileType Prefs and Save does not save preferences

Won't fix:
    Scrollbars visible on titles of TrueType Fonts, PopupMenu, Menu, FileTypes, Pallette and Pattern pages of Scalos Preferences

Not fixed:
    Wrong rendering on DualPNG icons 
    Refreshing drawer windows is slow 
    Starting Prefs/Locale or Prefs/Input from Scalos causes other preferences to fail 
    Desktop wallpaper is damaged where Splay window was displayed 
    When started from Wanderer, after saving Scalos Prefs, reload does not re-open main Scalos window
    Difference in behavior between Cleanup from popup menu and Cleanup from top menu - possibly due to missing plugin, check Cleanup association in Menu Prefs
&lt;/pre&gt;


===DOpus 4 Directory Opus===

Copy DOpus4 app to WBStartup directory folder so it starts on boot up each time 

Another method is add the below to the bottom of the user-startup script in SYS:S drawer/directory 
&lt;pre&gt;
run DOPUS:DirectoryOpus -i &gt;NIL
&lt;/pre&gt;
makes DOpus starts up in Iconified state at the top of Wanderer's screen. Left click on this to highlight and right mouse click to open. 


Just click on the sides of either outer edges of DOpus windows and it will display the parent device/volume list. 


DOpus4 saves it features in a PROGDIR:s/DirectoryOpus.CFG file which can be edited to suit anyones' needs, '''C''' bottom right button in DOpus4 and by reading the [https://arosarchives.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=utility/filetool Dopus4 guide Manual and Arexx calls].

*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DCyXDs8baSE Pt1 Introduction] 
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7fiVmopiK9I Pt2 Dopus Config] 
*[] 
*[] 


*Button little rectangle with name inside
*Bank vertical stack of buttons 

 Buttons 
*Workbench app {f} i.e. first  use {F} for all selected items with app 
*AmigaDos  c type apps with arguments after 
*Arexx     
*Command   c type apps with no arguments after 

 Flags (most used)
*CD Destination to extract etc 
*Do all files
*Output window 
*Run asynchronously
*Workbench to front

*Buffer above 100000 for 64bit 


 Filetypes
Defines how certain files are handled like '''default tool''' 


 Screen
Fonts, set each element to any font 
Screenmode, Workbench Use (same screen like Windows), Workbench clone (like Linux workspaces) 

 System 
Shell startup, set to SYS:s/shell-startup 


===BoingIconBar===

User chooses the apps to add to the dock at the centre bottom of the screen but has to be done manually, please use Save afterwards 

Or easier edit the text file of SYS:Prefs/Env-Archive/iconbar.prefs and save 

&lt;pre&gt;
BOING_PREFS
;Tools
SYS:System/Shell 
SYS:Tools/DOpus4/DOpus4
SYS:Utilities/Editor
SYS:System/SysMon
SYS:System/Scout
Work:Extras/Internet/OWB/OWB
Work:Extras/Graphics/Lunapaint
Work:Extras/Graphics/ZunePaint
AROS:Tools/MPlayer/MPlayer
Extras:Internet/AmiFox/AmiFox
RAM Disk:Amelinium/Amelinium
&lt;/pre&gt;

right mouse click on bottom edge of screen where boingiconbar shows - select settings which opens BoingIconBar Preferences to add apps 

If no dock showing Add, to add apps click Add Program and search for the executable 

another method is to drag icons to ends of the bar and move them on the Bar using the Prefs/BoingIconBar 


===AmiStart===

On 32bit PCs only - auto generates the apps menu but scans the drive each time - AmiStart can choose apps you are not interested 

* how to disable annoying zune/mui 'bubbles'? 
try a right-click on AmiStart and release on Global settings. Then click on the bubbles gadget. Move the Show Bubbles slider all the way to the left.


===Fonts===

Install the #?.ttf files to SYS:Fonts/TrueType. Use SYS:System/FTManager to &quot;Install Font&quot; each #?.ttf file which will generate associated #?.otag and #?.font in SYS:Fonts. Use SYS:Prefs/Fonts to change system fonts and SYS:Prefs/Zune to change others. 

To achieve our goal we will use the Setup Locale, Input, Zune and Fonts, as well as The FTManager.

Begin

The first step you should do is to get the system to know that we speak and write in another language. What you need to do is to open the setup program and choose Locale country, and list &quot;preferred languages&quot; to put it first and then English. If you want the tab &quot;Time Zone&quot; and select city of residence to set the clock correctly. Of course we save our changes and continue opening the setup program Input. This sets the keyboard language as our beginning. When the language layout was created there was no option to switch to Aros keyboard (layout switching), so to write in the language you had to hold down Alt, something you encounter in other functions. This time working with the team of Aros to create a new keyboard layout to replace the old so we can get rid of the button Alt. For now though let only selected this layout and do not turn the switch on the keyboard.


Custom Keyboard Layout

[http://repo.or.cz/w/AROS.git/tree/HEAD:/workbench/devs/keymaps keymaps are in place but unfortunately when they are not, then indeed things become a bit 'low-level' as it involves redefining some tables with values that match your keyboards] 

only need to add your compiled table as new keymap. 

So taking a little peek here shows that it should be possible to compile using
 gcc -opc105_tr pc_105.c -nostdlib
where the pc105_gr/pc_105.c needs to be replaced with your own adjusted keymapname/c-file

[https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Enabling_Greek_Characters_on_Your_Keyboard General overview of Greek letters on keyboards] 


Installing fonts

*[http://aminet.net/package/util/wb/EPAGrWb System jaggy] 
*Outline resizable .font .otag 
In this step you need to download some fonts that can support the encoding in our system. The easiest way is to run the script &quot;Download Fonts&quot; you'll find in the folder OWB. This script downloads from the Internet, and unpacks some fonts for OWB web browser, which is placed under the folder Fonts:TrueType. But as these can only be used by OWB and not the system, which unfortunately does not see. To make them available to the rest of the system, open the program FTManager, you will find the folder AROS: System /. From there select the field &quot;Codepage&quot; option &quot;ISO-8859-7&quot; and list the font &quot;Arial&quot; and &quot;Regular&quot; form in which you must double-click with the mouse. In the window that appears, select the bottom right the checkbox &quot;Anti-aliasing&quot; button and then &quot;Install&quot;. Immediately folder Fonts: created files &quot;arialregular.font&quot; and &quot;arialregular.otag&quot;, which are necessary in order to see the system font. Do the same steps if you wish for other fonts.


Final stages 

After completing the above, open the folder AROS: Prefs / and run the program settings Fonts. In the new window, select the fields &quot;Icons&quot; and &quot;Screen&quot; as the font &quot;ArialRegular&quot; to the size you want. In the field &quot;System&quot; to give &quot;s_courier&quot;, which, however, because it is not True Type Font support Antialising, and may seem a little broken. You can also use the CourierNew, if you have installed the above procedure. After you save the changes and open the Zune program settings. In this set the &quot;ArialRegular&quot; font fields in tabs &quot;Windows&quot; and &quot;Groups&quot;, and save the changes. Reboot the system. To make sure that the above worked properly run NoWinED, which you will find under the folder AROS: Tools /. If that everything is working correctly you will see the menu and the settings window with Greek letters. You can also write in the language using the button Alt. Second program that you can try, which is fully localized, is WookieChat, which you will find in the folder AROS: Extras / Networking. And in this place all the menu and settings window works. 


===Windows===

*Intuition
The window you position and resize, you right click on that windows title bar and in the dropdown menu you snapshot from there.  Right click to show menu -&gt; Window -&gt; Snapshot Windows or All but it will NOT work if that folder has no icon (e.g. Disk.nfo) attached to it. You need a folder icon. The window information gets saved in it.  

As for maximising the window using a shortcut key - Alt and up arrow key 

The AROS-Shell windows can be moved, resized by editing sys:s/startup-sequence 

&lt;pre&gt;
; run shell
run QUIET c:newshell &gt;NIL:
&lt;/pre&gt;

; slimmer right aros the screen 
run QUIET c:newshell con:0/150//300/ &gt;NIL:

; top right corner scr-x scr-y win-x win-y
run QUIET c:newshell con:600/150//300/ &gt;NIL:


*EdgeSnap 

Commodity EdgeSnap allows resize and position windows on your screen by dragging them to the edges but not corners of the screen and/or other windows 

EdgeSnap Prefs (once pressed Use button) lets you arrange windows but not different applications in layouts half (left or right) or full size (top) and choose to adjust the border padding 

There is outline to show shape taken to aid placement and space available 


*Zune - AROS version of MUI
Magic Menu type functionality is implemented in IControl preferences editor: in the frame called Menus, switch type from Pull-Down to Pop-Up and/or iControl just tick the sticky menu option. 


Windows outside screens causing a problem either uncheck &quot;Offscreen move&quot; for windows in IControl prefs editor. Or use FKey commodity and define two key shortcuts: 

* the first using the command &quot;cycle windows&quot; (for example ALT TAB); 
* the second using the command &quot;rescue window&quot; (for example ALT F5). 

Now you can cycle windows until the one you want to rescue, and then &quot;rescue&quot; it: it will move back inside your screen. 


How to save the window size on wanderer (snapshot all, snapshot windows)

Same for icon position on wanderer, can't save the position. Icon position cannot be saved yet, but you should be able to save the window position and size. sys:prefs - wanderer icon has option to save window size on exit but just for dh0. To get saving working on (DH1: Extras:) partitions try deleting the dh1 disk.info file, then reboot. The system should create a new dh1 icon. 


* how to set up permanently 'view all files'?
As for viewing all files, removing disk.info for that disk did the job 

* how to list and kill processes (xkill would be useful) ? 
sys:Extras/System/Scout can kill apps 

sys:Tools/Commodities/Exchange can remove available commodities


* how to restore 'go up' button in wanderer window? (it doesn't show up anymore).
If you're using Icaros, go to the theme prefs and make sure that decoration is checked. Also, some themes do not use a parent button, so try another theme. You may have to restart Aros before the theme will change.

* Is it really safe to turn off (hardware button) computer at any time (worried about USB hard disk)
yes you can turn off the computer IF none of the drives are in progress (i.e. writing). Best to use Wanderer menu option Quit otherwise 


===Say narrator===

Say &quot;Hello World&quot; for a simple robotic voice 

SPEAK: is a write-only DOS device for text-to-speech abbreviated as tts. 
To check if available, type assign into the shell and at the bottom in the Devices: section should be SPEAK 

Examples of use 
&lt;pre&gt;
Copy S:Startup-Sequence SPEAK:
Echo &quot;Hello&quot; &gt;SPEAK:M/R/S150/P110
Echo &quot;DH1 EH0 L OW1&quot; &gt;SPEAK:A1
&lt;/pre&gt;

Classic options are M/F, R/N, S&lt;rate&gt;, P&lt;pitch&gt;, O0/O1, A0/A1, and D0/D1. O1 recognizes lines beginning with OPT/ as option changes. A1 treats input as narrator phonemes.

Long options select a speech engine:

Echo &quot;Hello&quot; &gt;SPEAK:ENGINE=narrator/VOICE=female/STYLE=natural/LANGUAGE=en-US

Supported selectors are ENGINE=, VOICE=, STYLE=, and LANGUAGE=. Values are case-sensitive backend identifiers. ENGINE=DEFAULT selects the system default. Narrator-compatible selectors continue through the classic translator/narrator pair. Other engines use speech.device. Direct phonemes require a narrator-compatible selection.


===Printing===

This needs further [http://www.aminet.net/package/docs/help/PrinterGuide drivers written], we have postscript and write to file support only 

;There are no individual drivers yet for HP's Photosmart, EPSON's EPL, CANON's, Lexmark, CUPS PPD, etc. 


*Postscript

Best to set Printer Prefs in the Prefs drawer to print-to-file or parallel/USB port 


Save document in postscript or convert picture/text to postscript 

Print using compatible Postscript printer 


FindPrinters finds the printers on the link - ENV:IPP/Status says how the last job went 

ipp.device is an output device for printer.device, like parallel.device or printtofile.device, for printers on the network. Unit n prints to the printer named in ENV:IPP/Unit&lt;n&gt;:

  URI=ipp://host[:port]/path   IPP/1.1 Print-Job (RFC 8010, RFC 8011)
  URI=socket://host[:port]     the raw data, port 9100 by default
  FORMAT=&lt;document-format&gt;     application/octet-stream when unset


*printer is simply not accepting IPP connections at the moment.

Please try the following steps:

Open the printer web interface in a browser:

 http://192.168.1.x/

Look for the network or protocol settings.

Enable IPP / Internet Printing Protocol.

Make sure TCP port 631 is open/enabled.

Save the settings and reboot the printer if the web interface asks for it.

 ipp://192.168.1.xx:631/ipp/print

 ipp://192.168.1.xxx:631/ipp/


===Files===

====File endings and datatypes====

* Check if the file has his own .info icon file with a tool set to open it. IIRC this has higher priority over the def_XYZ.info file association. 
* In ENVARC:SYS/def_Text.info or whatever def_ file needs changing, use Wanderer's menu Icon -&gt; Information and change the def_XYZ.info there. If you're on ABIv0 and want it to be applied immediately, you might have to copy it to ENV:SYS/ (or to reboot). 
* Identifying file types by file ending is only a fallback. Far better it is to search for magic words, for flac files this would be &quot;flaC&quot; according to this [http://flac.sourceforge.net/documentation_format_overview.html documentation]. 

For instance, to open PDFs with arospdf not localised in the default drawer of Icaros (Work:Extras/Applications/arospdf) but localised in a custom drawer in AROS. The default tools are defined in the icons in sys:prefs/env-archive/sys e.g. def_PDF. 


File type identification is done by datatype descriptors which you can find in Devs/Datatypes. The AROS build system has a tool which creates such datatype descriptors. 


'''Changing of default tools of existing icons is easy as shown above. Adding of new file types is not hard, but needs knowledge of the AROS build system.'''


The enduser way would be to download the attached file, which contained two executables:
1) createdtdesc, to make a new datatype description
2) examinedtdesc, to read/show existing datatype descriptions

use 2 to get an idea on how it things are currently done in aros by providing this executable a file from the drawer sys:devs/datatypes/ (alternatively you can find the original .dtd files here).

use 1 to make your new datatype. Use the accompanied FORMAT file (also here) to read how to make your own datatype descriptor. use 2 to get hints from other datatype descriptors.

Note:
When creating a new descriptor would advise against using the pattern property, but instead use the default pattern of #? and create a Mask that matches your filetype. This requires some research in order to discover how your filetype can be recognized properly. Of course with making something like a descriptor for an ascii textfile, you would fallback to using the pattern (e.g. #?.text as the filetype cannot be determined easily otherwise). 

&lt;pre &gt;
# name - choose wisely and informative. also used for icon's name.
# version - choose as you like as long as it complies with version rules
# basename - the 'root' datatype class. be aware that e.g. it can influence behaviour. for example when choosing binary and using tool multiview in project icon, the file will be viewed as binary file (choosing sound would tell mulitview to view the file as a soundfile). So this can influence the underlying tool being used. Could become messy if users started to modify the tool manually. 
# pattern - This is the file pattern match e.g. #?.text
# Mask - A mask to identify the file. Requires knowledge of the actual file structure. For example 'M' 'Z' for an msdos executable.
# GroupdID - not supported (AROS native) files - use syst as that would be the least intrusive in case an AROS tool/program tries to load such datatyped file.
# ID - In your case, the first four characters of the name at subchapter 1 (in lower case) (or less if name is shorter).
# flags - How the mask needs to be interpreted. In your case would be mostly DTF_BINARY in combination with (wanted or not) DTF_CASE (to tell if mask used letters are case sensitive or not)
# priority - the priority of how the type is handled so that on datatype could have precedence over another? In any case, document tells it to be mostly 0. 
&lt;/pre &gt; 

Now that you know each field and what it does (more or less), you write this fields in a text file for your own invented datatype, save it and create the actual dt with the tool in 1. in the end the created dt must reside in sys:devs/datatypes/ drawer.

Then you would create a default icon in sys:prefs/Env-archive/SYS drawer. Don't forget to reboot or copy .info file to ram:env/sys in order to test. also don't forget to set which tool to start f.e. c:lx or dh4:emulators/mycoolemulator

To test, open Wanderer then show all files and doubleclick on a file of type you just created. Alternatively you could use the 'open' command from shell (with file of datatype you just created as parameter).

And as a last note. it would perhaps be welcome to have a program like xicon and/or runprglist for AROS (unfortunately both without source, but something similar could be created for AROS).

Sounds complicated ?

Perhaps... but OS like windows needs a complete registry to be able to do things like this. And yes, i am aware windows has gui tools that does it (more or less) for you (by manipulating the registry). Same could be done for AROS (without integrating a registry in AROS that is ).

Would that suffice ?

red1+2: typos, reformatting.

disclaimer: please note that using these tools can screw up your currently installed support for datatypes when used incorrectly. Do not use if you do not understand what you are doing. Use at own risk.


==Network Connection==

AROS currently only has one real choice for TCP/IP networking - AROSTCP.  This is a port of the AmiTCP package from AmigaOS (TM), with a number of enhancements/fixes from AROS developers. 


===Wired===

Use Network Prefs to setup 


=====IPv6=====

Some support 


128bit IPv6 address packet 
&lt;pre&gt;
Local FD::/8
Global 2000::/3
64:ff9b::/96
&lt;/pre&gt;
NAT64 translates IPv6 to IPv4 
DNS64 


OS routing works with 
&lt;pre&gt;
MacOS Ventura 
Windows 11 with cloud account 
Ubuntu Jammy Jellyfish 
Android 10 (block google dns) 
&lt;/pre&gt;


====IPv4====

The top half of the IPv4 Configuration tab on the Network Prefs deals with the network card/USB and the lower half the router part. 

[[File:AROS Wanderer Network Prefs DHCP.png|thumb|DHCP Settings]]

'''Upper part of IPv4 tab''' 
* Click Add on the top right of the Prefs which opens a window called '''Interface''' 
* Enter Name as net0 (but can be anything as long as it is consistently used in other sections) 
* check mark on Active
* select device to be used using the '''right hand-side gadget''' of the box where the device name will go 
* set Unit to 0 
* IP Mode is default set to '''Get address from DHCP''' 


* IP Mode set to Manual if DHCP does not work automatically 

From the shell CLI,  ifconfig -a

Under net0: section, inet starting 192.168.x.xxx

* inet or '''Address''' of network card 
* netmask convert to decimal so 0x'''ffffff7f''' becomes 255.255.255.247 which is used to adjust the above '''Address''' into 
* broadcast 192.168.xxx.xxx

click OK


[[File:AROS Wanderer Network Prefs Manual.png|thumb|Manual Settings]]

'''Lower part of IPv4 tab''' 
* IP Mode Get address from DHCP (default) 


* or changing to Manual if automatic DHCP set up does not work 
* '''Gateway''' (Router Internal LAN-IP) (Default Route) = 192.168.0.1 (D-Link Netgear), 192.168.1.1 (Linksys 3com), 192.168.2.1 (SMC Microsoft), 192.168.1.254 (Belkin), 192.168.123.254 (USRobotics) else check with your router manual 
* first DNS = use 208.67.222.222 (opendns) or Gateway number above (to test web browser access to router) or 212.50.160.100 (google)  i.e. or whatever your ISP needs you to set 
* second DNS = use 208.67.220.220 (opendns) or Gateway number above (to test web browser access to router) or 213.249.130.100 (google) i.e. or whatever your ISP needs you to set 


* At the bottom of IPv4 tab, check mark the '''Start networking during system boot''' option 
* Save and reboot (sometimes Network restart fails, so reboot every time to be sure) 


'''an alternative way''' to AROS ifconfig -a, other OSs have similar for the same internet connection. Another connection will have different settings. 

e.g. From [http://www.ncsu.edu/resnet/windows/ipconfig/ Windows], '''ipconfig /all''' 
and note down the IP, subnet mask, default gateway, and DNS servers values and put these values in &quot;manually&quot; into AROS Network prefs. 

e.g. From Linux via dhcp router have a look at etc./dhcpc/dhcpcd-eth0.info 
* for manual input look at /etc/networks (IP or Gateway) and /etc/resolv.conf (DNS) 

 Please note that all in one routers (wired+wireless) or separate routers may need different settings 

IPv4 involves routing (192,168.x.x), firewall, NAT 


===Wireless===

 You may have a Wifi Prefs to use for wireless setup 

[[File:MyArosWirelessSetup.png|thumb|Setting up]]

[[File:MyArosWirelessTCP.png|thumb|Shell commands to work out what is happening]]

We must first make certain you have a Atheros 5k chip inside acting as the wireless wifi option. Open PCITool in Tools directory. Down left hand side are a series of numbers 0.00.0 etc. Click on some at the bottom and hopefully one of them will say Atheros AR5??? or AR242?. 

or a Realtek RTL8187B, we can check using Prefs/Trident as this one is USB based 


There are many similarities with the above Wired set up so please read the above section as well 


* open Network/Prefs
* In '''IPv4 Configuration''' tab - click Add - enter net0 / active tick / #?.device / Unit 0 / IP Mode = manual (important if default DHCP does not work automatically) 

Make sure that any extra network names (e.g. eth1 or net1) should be deleted. If net0 already st previously, change net0 so that it shows associated with the appropriate device name like atheros5000.device or realtek8180.device. Having two entries here will cause sub-net problems. 

* Go to '''Wireless''' tab and click on &quot;Add&quot; button. 
* Insert network name (SSID your wireless network name use wirelessmanager to get it), select right &quot;encyption&quot; that is most likely &quot;WPA&quot;. 
* Key Type set as &quot;Passphrase&quot;. i.e. type in your password for your router (aka access key). 
* Unselect (no tick) &quot;hidden&quot; if it is selected, then apply. You may have to tick it if wireless does not work. 
* Finally, Save and '''reboot'''. 

For the best chance of success, set networking to start at boot, and then reboot with the USB adapter plugged in. 


===USB Ethernet===

Open SYS:Prefs/Network and in the IPv4 Configuration tag (top table covers your usb stick) 

* click Add button
* set Name as net0
* Tick Active box
* enter the usb-ethernet.device e.g. dm9601eth.device, usbpegasus.device or usbasixeth.device use SYS:c/devlist, '''Scout''' or trident prefs to get the correct spelling 
* set Unit to 0 (which is usual but check the messages from the bottom of the Trident prefs whilst plugging the device in to determine the unit number otherwise) 
* IP Mode is set to Get address from DHCP (make sure your router is set right for that) 
'''or manual'''
* IP Address of network card, i.e. 192.168.0.xx or 192.168.1.xx (xx being greater than 1) 
* Subnet netmask = 255.255.255.0 
* click OK

There can be sometimes be boot failures when using USB ethernet - plug the USB device in after boot and save the network prefs to make it work again. 


Lower part of IPv4 tab covers the router information 

* IP Mode Get address from DHCP 
'''or if manual settings'''
* Gateway (IP Address of router) = usually 192.168.0.1 or 192.168.1.1 but see router manual to make sure. 
* first DNS = use 8.8.8.8, 208.67.222.222 (opendns) or 212.50.160.100 
* second DNS = use 8.8.4.4, 208.67.220.220 (opendns) or 213.249.130.100 


===USB Tethering via Android smartphone===


Go to AROS Network Prefs (IPv4 configuration tab) and write type in &quot;usbrndis.device&quot; in the &quot;device&quot; textfield of &quot;Interface&quot; sub-window, which appears when you add a new device (or modify an existing one). Select &quot;Start Network during system boot&quot; and saved the configuration, the Connection is immediate no reboot is needed.&lt;br&gt;

usbrndis.device is a resident device (virtually always there) in fact, a driver is not present in DEVS:Networks &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

Plug in USB cable, go to Android settings and enable &quot;USB Tethering&quot; &lt;br&gt;

A reboot should not be necessary.

When restarting AROS, the Smartphone deactivates the connection and to access the network again have to reactivate it before starting the browser. 


===Solving Issues===

[[File:MyArosTCP.png|thumb|Aros network setup diagnostics - why does it not work?]]

* In Network Preferences, have '''only one''' item in the IPv4 Configuration tab 
* If using manual settings, make sure all numbers are correct, especially for IP address of the card/usb (changing the last number in chain of four) 
* For any USB based networking, it is often necessary to save in Prefs/Network, reboot AROS and network support can begin 


* For wired, make sure that the LAN-cable is plugged in before starting the computer 


* If wireless, try getting closer to the router. 
* Switch off the encryption option from your router then try wifi, if successful then your ip/dns is ok. If not then your ip/dns settings are most probably wrong or need to use one or more opendns numbers 
* Replace detachable wireless antenna (best wireless option to buy if you can) with a stronger antenna ie. 5&amp;nbsp;dBi or 7&amp;nbsp;dBi 
* Try with another computer/laptop/machine 

Program Error  C:WirelessManager 

* Test with another OS 
* Check that Wifi works before changeover (if possible) 
* Check that socket and card are working 
* Check if card is too new for laptop (date code on card MMYY blue askey date 2005-2007 etc)   


Are you connecting with the Router ? 

Check with protection off e.g. wps and wep to see if it makes a difference. 


For USB wireless - stopping and starting may be needed...

&lt;pre&gt;

; $VER: AROSTCP-startnet 1.0 (01/08/06)
; AROSTCP-startnet (c) The AROS Dev Team.
;
Run &lt;NIL: &gt;NIL: AROSTCP
WaitForPort AROSTCP
If NOT Warn
  ; echo &quot;Stack online&quot;
Else
  echo &quot;Wait for Stack Failed&quot;
EndIf

; stop and restart
execute &quot;sys:system/network/AROSTCP/s/stopnet&quot;

Run &lt;NIL: &gt;NIL: AROSTCP
WaitForPort AROSTCP
If NOT Warn
  ; echo &quot;Stack online&quot;
Else
  echo &quot;Wait for Stack Failed&quot;
EndIf

run &lt;NIL: &gt;NIL: wirelessmanager realtek8180.device

&lt;/pre&gt;


What IRQ number is assigned to the device? You can check with Tools/PCITool? 
It's possible the BIOS hasn't set the right IRQ number. If you have a Linux CD/DVD handy, could you check if it boots with the options &quot;acpi=off noapic nolapic&quot;? 


If the following does nothing, this will help us figure out why networking doesn't start automatically at boot

open a shell and run the following commands:

&lt;pre&gt;
echo ${AROSTCP/AutoRun}
echo ${AROSTCP/WirelessAutoRun}
echo ${AROSTCP/WirelessDevice}
&lt;/pre&gt;

Please report the output, typically it will look like this  

# True  (explanation this variable is related to the &quot;Start networking during system boot&quot; checkbox in network prefs) 
# True  ()
# Devs:networks/atheros5000.device unit 0


If there's a problem with the AROSTCP package. What's the output of this?

 ENV:sys/packages/AROSTCP 

should return a string = Sys:System/Network/AROSTCP


By the way, a quicker way to check networking is working would be to run some shell commands such as:


&lt;pre&gt;
ping www.google.com
ifconfig net0
&lt;/pre&gt;


The best way to list the available networks and diagnose / troubleshoot problems with connecting to a wireless network is to run WirelessManager manually. First uncheck the &quot;Start networking during system boot&quot; box in the Network prefs app, then save and reboot. Then run this in a shell:

 C:wirelessmanager atheros5000.device verbose 

or 

 C:wirelessmanager realtek8180.device verbose 

and capture the output 


If the above does not help, could you edit the file SYS:System/Network/AROSTCP/S/Package-Startup, and change &quot;&gt;NIL:&quot; to &quot;&gt;T:wifi.log&quot; on the WirelessManager line and add this as well Wait 5?

&lt;pre&gt;
if ${AROSTCP/WirelessAutoRun} eq &quot;True&quot;
Run QUIET &quot;C:WirelessManager ${AROSTCP/WirelessDevice} &gt;T:wifi.log&quot;
wait 5
EndIf
&lt;/pre&gt;

Then save, reboot and post the log file (T:wifi.log) here.


&lt;pre&gt;

c:wirelessmanager atheros5000.device verbose
Initializing interface 'atheros5000.device:0' conf 'ENV:Wireless.prefs' driver 'default' ctrl_interface 'N/A' bridge 'N/A'
Configuration file 'ENV:Wireless.prefs' -&gt; 'ENV:Wireless.prefs'
Reading configuration file 'ENV:Wireless.prefs'
Line: 1 - start of a new network block
ssid - hexdump_ascii(len=7)
65 63 68 65 6c 6f 6e echelon
PSK (ASCII passphrase) - hexdump_ascii(len=14): [REMOVED]
key_mgmt: 0x2
PSK (from passphrase) - hexdump(len=32): [REMOVED]
Priority group 0
id=0 ssid='echelon'


Then it just sits there. Not sure what a normal dump looks like, I don't see anything that looks wrong in the configuration.
&lt;/pre&gt;

looks like the driver isn't working with that card. Has anyone else successfully used that exact model number (AR2413)?


&lt;pre&gt;

Initializing interface 'atheros5000.device:0' conf 'ENV:Wireless.prefs' driver 'default' ctrl_interface 'N/A' bridge 'N/A'
Configuration file 'ENV:Wireless.prefs' -&gt; 'ENV:Wireless.prefs'
Line: 1 - start of a new network block
ssid - hexdump_ascii(len=7):
65 63 68 65 6c 6f 6e echelon
PSK (ASCII passphrase) - hexdump_ascii(len=14): [REMOVED]
key_mgmt: 0x2
PSK (from passphrase) - hexdump(len=32): [REMOVED]
Priority group 0
id=0 ssid='echelon'
*** [wpa_sm_init] sm-&gt;pmksa=02c66fd4 ***
Own MAC address: 00:01:36:15:ae:0c
RSN: flushing PMKID list in the driver
Setting scan request: 0 sec 100000 usec
EAPOL: SUPP_PAE entering state DISCONNECTED
EAPOL: Supplicant port status: Unauthorized
EAPOL: KEY_RX entering state NO_KEY_RECEIVE
EAPOL: SUPP_BE entering state INITIALIZE
EAP: EAP entering state DISABLED
EAPOL: Supplicant port status: Unauthorized
EAPOL: Supplicant port status: Unauthorized
Added interface atheros5000.device:0
State: DISCONNECTED -&gt; SCANNING
Started AP scan for wildcard SSID
MLME: starting scan
MLME: scan channel 1 (2412 MHz)
sana2: sending MLME frame


Then it stops. Does this mean the router is not authorizing this NIC?

IRQ 4 (A)

&lt;/pre&gt;

apparently locking up when the first frame is sent (a scan request).


&lt;pre&gt;

Devs/Networks/atheros5000.device:0
Initializing interface 'Devs/Networks/atheros5000.device:0' conf 'ENV:Wireless.prefs' driver 'default' ctrl_interface 'N/A' bridge 'N/A'
Configuration file 'ENV:Wireless.prefs' -&gt; 'ENV:Wireless.prefs'
Reading configuration file 'ENV:Wireless.prefs'
Line: 1 - start of a new network block
ssid - hexdump_ascii(len=12):
41 69 72 4c 69 6e 6b 35 39 33 30 30 AirLink59300
PSK (ASCII passphrase) - hexdump_ascii(len=8): [REMOVED]
key_mgmt: 0x2
PSK (from passphrase) - hexdump(len=32): [REMOVED]
Priority group 0
id=0 ssid='AirLink59300'
*** [wpa_sm_init] sm-&gt;pmksa=0224e444 ***
Own MAC address: 00:1f:e1:42:e3:7a
RSN: flushing PMKID list in the driver
Setting scan request: 0 sec 100000 usec
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686594.160000
EAPOL: SUPP_PAE entering state DISCONNECTED
EAPOL: Supplicant port status: Unauthorized
EAPOL: KEY_RX entering state NO_KEY_RECEIVE
EAPOL: SUPP_BE entering state INITIALIZE
EAP: EAP entering state DISABLED
EAPOL: Supplicant port status: Unauthorized
EAPOL: Supplicant port status: Unauthorized
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686595.060000
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686604.060000
Added interface Devs/Networks/atheros5000.device:0
[eloop_run] Starting
State: DISCONNECTED -&gt; SCANNING
Starting AP scan for wildcard SSID
MLME: starting scan
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686594.160001
MLME: scan channel 1 (2412 MHz)
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686594.193000
sana2: sending MLME frame
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686594.233000
MLME: scan channel 2 (2417 MHz)
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686594.253000
sana2: sending MLME frame
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686594.293000
MLME: scan channel 3 (2422 MHz)
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686594.333000
sana2: sending MLME frame
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686594.373000
MLME: scan channel 4 (2427 MHz)
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686594.393000
sana2: sending MLME frame
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686594.433000
MLME: scan channel 5 (2432 MHz)
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686594.473000
sana2: sending MLME frame
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686594.513000
MLME: scan channel 6 (2437 MHz)
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686594.553000
sana2: sending MLME frame
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686594.573000
MLME: scan channel 7 (2442 MHz)
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686594.613000
sana2: sending MLME frame
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686594.653000
MLME: scan channel 8 (2447 MHz)
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686594.693000
sana2: sending MLME frame
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686594.713000
MLME: scan channel 9 (2452 MHz)
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686594.753000
sana2: sending MLME frame
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686594.793000
MLME: scan channel 10 (2457 MHz)
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686594.833000
sana2: sending MLME frame
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686594.853000
MLME: scan channel 11 (2462 MHz)
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686594.893000
sana2: sending MLME frame
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686594.933000
MLME: scan channel 12 (2467 MHz)
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686594.973000
sana2: sending MLME frame
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686595.013000
MLME: scan channel 13 (2472 MHz)
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686595.033000
sana2: sending MLME frame
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686595.073000
EAPOL: disable timer tick
EAPOL: Supplicant port status: Unauthorized
MLME: scan channel 14 (2484 MHz)
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686595.113000
sana2: sending MLME frame
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686595.153000
MLME: scan channel 1 (2412 MHz)
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686595.193000
sana2: sending MLME frame
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686595.213000
MLME: scan channel 2 (2417 MHz)
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686595.253000
sana2: sending MLME frame
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686595.293000
MLME: scan channel 3 (2422 MHz)
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686595.333000
sana2: sending MLME frame
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686595.353000
MLME: scan channel 4 (2427 MHz)
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686595.393000
sana2: sending MLME frame
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686595.433000
MLME: scan channel 5 (2432 MHz)
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686595.473000
sana2: sending MLME frame
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686595.493000
MLME: scan channel 6 (2437 MHz)
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686595.533000
sana2: sending MLME frame
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686595.573000
MLME: scan channel 7 (2442 MHz)
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686595.613000
sana2: sending MLME frame
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686595.653000
MLME: scan channel 8 (2447 MHz)
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686595.673000
sana2: sending MLME frame
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686595.713000
MLME: scan channel 9 (2452 MHz)
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686595.753000
sana2: sending MLME frame
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686595.793000
MLME: scan channel 10 (2457 MHz)
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686595.833000
sana2: sending MLME frame
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686595.853000
MLME: scan channel 11 (2462 MHz)
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686595.893000
sana2: sending MLME frame
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686595.933000
MLME: scan channel 12 (2467 MHz)
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686595.973000
sana2: sending MLME frame
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686595.993000
MLME: scan channel 13 (2472 MHz)
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686596.033000
sana2: sending MLME frame
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686596.073000
MLME: scan completed

&lt;/pre&gt;

Is your network hidden? If so, did you enable the 'Hidden' checkbox in the network prefs? What distro version are you using? 


&lt;pre&gt;
&quot;ENV:sys/wireless.prefs&quot; looks like this:
network={
ssid=&quot;testadhoc&quot;
key_mgmt=NONE
wep_key0=&quot;12345&quot;
wep_tx_keyidx=0
}
&lt;/pre&gt; 


If your router doesn't broadcast its SSID (hidden), you need to add this option to the network block of the wpa_supplicant.conf on your aros machine and make changes after  # Example blocks: 

 scan_ssid=1

Here's a full description of all the [http://hostap.epitest.fi/gitweb/gitweb.cgi?p=hostap.git;a=blob_plain;f=wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf config file options]. 

&lt;pre&gt;
ap_scan=1

network={
ssid=&quot;YOURESSID&quot;
scan_ssid=1
proto=RSN
key_mgmt=WPA-PSK
pairwise=CCMP
group=CCMP
psk=YOURPASSWORD
}
&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;pre&gt;
filter_ssids=1
ap_scan=2

network={
ssid=&quot;REMOVED&quot;
scan_ssid=1
bssid=REMOVED
priority=100
mode=0
proto=RSN
key_mgmt=WPA-PSK
auth_alg=OPEN
pairwise=CCMP
group=CCMP
psk=REMOVED
}
&lt;/pre&gt;


Error 6: Couldn't resolve host name.

Check Scout -&gt; Devices and look at the device that you are using, in the OCnt column it should state 2 which means AROSTCP and Wirelessmanager are both accessing this driver. If 0 or 1, then uncheck the checkbox in Network prefs for starting networking at boot, save and reboot. Then run this is the shell:

C:WirelessManager realtek8180.device unit 0


some quirks setting up the wireless network as well 

1) it's far better setting up either the wired OR the wireless network adapter as net0:, or weird things happen

2) it's better using fixed IP on the local network instead of DHCP

3) network setting must be placed in network setting panel in /prefs, using the wirelessmanager helped me finding available SSIDs, but not actually connecting to them

once done, reboot.


If previous setup is proving problematic 

&lt;pre &gt;

SYS:Prefs/Env-Archive/Wireless.prefs
SYS:Prefs/Env-Archive/Zune/OWB.config
SYS:Prefs/Env-Archive/Zune/global.config
SYS:Prefs/Env-Archive/AROSTCP/WirelessDevice
SYS:Prefs/Env-Archive/AROSTCP/db/Interfaces
&lt;/pre &gt; 

Make a copy of these files and restore in case of problems. 


Please try this test to check if you can connect to your router, ie established that the WiFi layer is working 

̊̊̊̊Boot with networking disabled, by make sure that &quot;Start networking at boot&quot; in Network Prefs is unchecked (no tick).  
̊ Run this in a shell: C:WirelessManager atheros5000.device VERBOSE
̊If the output of that command is too long to summarise here, you can redirect it to a file by adding &gt;RAM:wifi.log to the end, then attach or paste that file here.


try running &quot;status&quot; in the shell and check that AROSTCP is listed/running
If AROStcp is not showing, then AROSTCP is not running. attempted to start it by clicking Use or Save in network prefs, or checking the &quot;start networking at boot&quot; box or typing into a shell. 

 Execute SYS:System/Network/AROSTCP/s/startnet

(run Status again afterwards).


The &quot;cannot resolve hostname&quot; will appear if you are blocked on the wifi network by the router as well as aros not being able to assign correct network address.

One way of testing this might be to disable the firewall in the router. you might also check the router how it sees the attempts aros do to speak to it. The easiest way to do that would be to manually give aros an IP number in the routers accepted range. and see if it shows up at all within the router.


Tests that can be undertaken to determine correct settings and functions 

 pciinfo
 sanautil -d broadcom4400.device status

&lt;pre &gt;
 ping &lt;router-address&gt; e.g. 192.168.0.1 (aka inet) or 80.237.146.33 (www.amiganews.de) 
 ifconfig net0
 ifconfig net0 up
 extras:networking/utils/sanautil/sanautil -d atheros5000.device status
 WirelessManager atheros5000.device verbose &gt;RAM:wifi.log
 ;to send the log to RAM disk to be read easier or if detected, 
 Run WirelessManager atheros5000.device &gt;NIL:
 Run WirelessManager atheros5000.device ssid=&quot;mynet1&quot; &gt;NIL: 
 C:WirelessManager realtek8180.device unit 0 
&lt;/pre &gt; 

Please look at the task list in Scout, and check if WirelessManager and AROSTCP are running. Also look at the device list in Scout to check if realtek8180.device is open. 


start tools/debug/sashimi, maybe it shows some debug messages when disconnection happens.


Firstly, let's take a look at what your setup most likely looks like, assuming you use a router. See diagram below: 

&lt;pre&gt;
Internet &lt;---------&gt; home router &lt;---------&gt; computer 
-----------external IP------------------internal IP-------------
&lt;/pre&gt;

Okay, so what am I trying to show you with that diagram. A few things. Firstly, the IP address that connects you to the Internet is not the same one that connects you to your router. What happens is that your computer doesn't have a direct connection to the Internet, instead your router connects to the Internet, and your computer connects to the router.

You can see the external and internal IP addresses in these example settings...

* Default Gateway : 76.91.64.1 (external IP for ISP/Internet host)
* IP Address : 76.91.71.184 (external IP for home router)

* IP Address : 192.168.0.1 (internal IP for home router)
* Address = 192.168.0.161 (internal IP for computer)

As you can see, there are two internal IP addresses and two external IP addresses. This is because there is a client/server relationship, effectively one address is for the service (server) and one address is for the device trying to access that service (client).

The server addresses in your case are 76.91.64.1 (your ISP's address, serving the Internet), and 192.168.0.1 (your home router's address, serving your home network). The term gateway applies here, they are your gateway to those services.

Subnet masks are used along with IP addresses to determine which IP addresses are allowed access to a network. I did learn the more in-depth rules about subnet masks once (watched a CCNA vid), but I've forgotten about it. The basic level of understanding you'll need is easy to remember though. A subnet mask value of 255 means that portion of the IP address must stay constant, whereas a subnet value of 0 means any unassigned value up to 255 is allowed in the IP address.

By far the most common subnet value is 255.255.255.0. What this means is that the first three parts of the IP address you use to connect to a service must stay the same as the server/gateway address, and only the last section can change.

So if your router's internal IP address is 192.168.0.1, and the subnet mask is 255.255.255.0, the only addresses that will be allowed to be used on that network are between 192.168.0.2 and 192.168.0.255 (I think 192.168.0.0 is reserved for other uses).

Final point to make is about DHCP (a.k.a. dynamic IP) vs static IP. A server/router using DHCP gives a device that connects to it an address within the acceptable range. It usually starts with the lowest numbered free address, so with your router it'll give the first device that connects to it 192.168.0.2, the next device 192.168.0.3, and so on. Static IP addresses are where you set the IP address you want to connect with in advance. 

When using static IP addresses on a router where DHCP is active, it's good to use a high number to avoid conflicts with other devices that are connected to your network, to reduce the risk that both devices will try using the same IP. That's why your current choice of 192.168.0.161 is good, unless you have over 159 devices connected on your current network!


Okay, so what's the next step. Well, if you can use ping, I'd suggest pinging 192.168.0.1. If you get a positive response it means you're connected to your router, if you don't get a response it means the connection between your router and your computer is at fault.

Documentation on configuring the AROSTCP environment further can be found [http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Aros/User/Networking here] 


===File Sharing===

As AROS knows only a few filesystems (FFS, OFS, SFS, PFS (amiga only), FAT12, 16, 32, Microsoft NTFS (windows), UDF (Blu-ray)). 
The others in regular use like MacOSX hfs+, Linux ext2/ext3 and ext4, Haiku BeFS provide a problem in transferring files. 

Linux can access SFS partitions but it needs to be compiled. The latest full source are [http://home.elka.pw.edu.pl/~mszyprow/programy/asfs/ here]. It compiled fine with a 2.6.30 kernel in Puppy Linux 4.31. 

An alternative, is to use a FAT32 partition to share. Setup a 4G FAT32 partition using HDToolbox for sharing, and the rest of the space as SFS for an Aros install. It works very well. 

Files could be transferred via TCP internet network. 


====SMB2/3====

With Windows you can share one folder or all folders of the &quot;Public&quot; user.

On Windows what is important is to enable sharing (Network and Sharing Center).

AROS Mountlist should look lke this 
&lt;pre&gt;
Handler = L:smb2-handler
StackSize = 65536
Priority = 5
GlobVec = -1
ACTIVATE=1
Startup = &quot;smb://UserAcc:password@PCShare/Sharefolder&quot;
&lt;/pre&gt;

which could also be
&quot;smb://UserPC:password@192.168.x.x/Public&quot;
or
&quot;smb://UserPC:password@Name-PC/Public&quot;

so
&quot;smb://UserPC:password@192.168.1.158/Folder&quot;
or
&quot;smb://UserPC:password@Name-PC/Folder&quot;


After you have configured a share generates a DOSDrivers it is named &quot;SMB0&quot; which includes the setting, and at each reboot it is Mounted. You can still delete the DOSDriver by hand, is located in Storage/DOSDrivers, the file &quot;ServerAutoMounts&quot;, in ENV:AROSTCP which indicates the DOSDriver to be mounted, should also be deleted. 
The per-mount files are written to ENV:SMB or SYS:Storage/DOSDrivers. There is also additional file ENV:AROSTCP/ServerAutoMounts which states what will be presented to the end user. 


====Old SMBFS====

e.g. to connect to a NAS share such as \\NASBOX\Shared use -:

SMBFS WORKGROUP=&lt;YOUR WORKGROUP NAME&gt; VOLUME=&lt;AROS volume name to use&gt;: SERVICE=&lt;UNC Path to connect to&gt;

SMBFS WORKGROUP=MYNET VOLUME=Shared: SERVICE=//NASBOX/Shared

And you will then have an icon appear on your desktop for the volume name you have chosen. 


You can put the above script into wbstartup or  

give it an icon, change it to a 'project' and give it the default tool c:iconx 

Open a shell and type copy sys:script.info &quot;sys:wbstartup/YOURSCRIPTNAME.info&quot;

This should create an icon for your script file.

Now right-click on your script and select 'information'.

Change 'tool' to 'project', put 'c:iconx' into the 'default tool' box, click save 

The reason being that scripts need to be opened with 'execute SCRIPTNAME' (or 'iconx') whereas the programs started from wbstartup are opened using 'run PROGRAMNAME'. It's the same as trying to start a command-line tool from the workbench by double-clicking it.


====Setup ISO images within AROS====

Use [http://archives.aros-exec.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=driver/storage DiskImage] which supports many cd image formats ISO, CCD, MDF/MDS, CUE/BIN, NRG and UIF. To mount CD or DVD images use below....

&lt;pre &gt;
# Rename your iso 'Unit0' (note no extension).
# Do 'View/All files' on you Aros partition. You should now see a folder called 'Diskimages'. Copy your renamed iso to there. 
(Alternatively, you could type at the shell 'assign FDSK: xxx', where xxx is the location of your iso.) 
# From the shell, type 'mount CD0:' and the iso should appear on the Wanderer desktop. You can now access it like a real disk.
&lt;/pre &gt; 

 assign devname: dismount 
 Assign DOSVOLUME: remove
 [http://aminet.net/package/disk/misc/unmount-0.1 unmount] most filesystems work but SFS lacks support for ACTION_DIE packet 

If you are using an IcAros install, the startup scripts are set up to wipe the Diskimages directory on boot, so its worth keeping a second copy of the iso somewhere else. Alternatively, you could set up extra mountlists for additional iso images. I've made a file called iso1 in the Aros:devs directory that contains the following text:

&lt;pre&gt;
/* Entry for ISO image */

ISO1:
FileSystem = cdrom.handler
Device = fdsk.device
Unit = 1
LowCyl = 0
HighCyl = 0
Surfaces = 1
BlocksPerTrack = 1
DOSType = 0x41434400
Activate = 1
#
&lt;/pre&gt;

Then I just need an iso called 'Unit1' (corresponding to the 'Unit = 1' entry in the mountlist) in Diskimages (or wherever I assign FDSK: to) and to mount I type in at the shell:

 Mount iso1: from devs:iso1

Of course, if you create mountlists for ISO2, ISO3:, etc. (with the corresponding change to the 'Unit = ' line) you can have as many isos mounted as you wish. I just call mine ISO1: etc. to distinguish them from the real CD drives 


==Video Guides==


Video demonstrations and tutorials covering:

:00. '''Introduction''' 
::[https://www.youtube.com/@jamesmattson6813/videos Various Aros Installs], 
::[https://www.youtube.com/embed/j8EmSEby0Rg AROS repo in gource, view of AROS dev commits from 1997 to 2025], [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vx_zqlBow40&amp;feature=related Gource view of AROS 1997 up to 2009], 
::[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s1RsvEm7UrU Why an Amiga OS in 2011], 
::[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1W886mheV74&amp;pp=ygUPYW1pZ2EgYXJvcyAyMDI2 Johan Grip on early days of AROS x86], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mXaKDhtTTqQ&amp;t=14s&amp;pp=ygUPYW1pZ2EgYXJvcyAyMDI2 Michel Schulz on Aros and PiStorm], 

:01. '''Installation'''
::[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M7YjufrJqDs Aros One install], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iIMguHTdC5E Aros One USB install], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZNXauy5m5Wc Aros One install], [http://vimeo.com/11013489 Modify Grub boot], 
::[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wyQVeyXIywc&amp;feature=channel iMica Silent Pt3], [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o2AnkoflY14 Wipe whole drive and Install - warning loss of data on drive], 
::[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OVXm6_-witQ VirtualBox install], [ VMware install], 
::[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0k2PEmT8I14 Broadway AROS Install], 
::[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PtDiXhjSIfs Is Aros Icaros a choice?], 
::[ driver install], 
::[http://www.vimeo.com/10491104 HDAudio install but needs account], [], 

:02. '''Amiga Basics'''
::[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TY8mWxwzH5o Screens tutorial], 
::[https://m.youtube.com/user/AMIGASYSTEM/videos General], [ Dos Scripts tutorial], [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hPT7SmVEpjc OS 1.2], [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n6kX3FqH8Ww&amp;feature=related OS 1.3], 

:03. '''Customisation demos'''
::[https://www.youtube.com/@AMIGASYSTEM/videos Prefs tutorial], [ Decoration tutorial], [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Dn5C8G3aDXU Scalos], 

:04. '''Setting up''' internet access and surfing the web, FTP, IRC and Mail apps 
::[ Network Prefs], [ AirCOS tutorial], [ jabberwocky tutorial], 

:05. '''Native bundled Games and Applications''' 
::[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aYlFv2B-VXc 3D Games], [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MXK7wwhd-R0 Latest Games], [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RUgiVThv23Q&amp;feature=mfu_in_order&amp;list=UL PrBoom GL], [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0s7u8TPy7V4 Assault Cubes], [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fih6aCXKeqs Cube 2], [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-X0ay0MGOms DosBox on Aros], [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7nKduDjf14k Oct 2010], 

::[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FziV2z_uxnQ Apps Pt 1], [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xs37_nfa5CI Apps Pt 2], [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bn59_VvbQR0&amp;feature=related Apps Pt 3], 
::DOpus4 [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aSRybWjrrME DOpus 4], 
::Milkytracker [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VxBOEPzpdKg&amp;feature=related Laying Down Base Tracks], 
::[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k2uKQ0-ieOE Audio Evolution 4 in action], [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Zq4r9k0_jZI Quick Videos], 
::[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gGKCFZcIc0I&amp;feature=related ScreenRecorder], [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=974c2e-Fqak&amp;feature=related TV out Tests], 
::[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fjq8ct5d5IY AmiFIG], [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h0rHvPhYJo4&amp;feature=youtu.be ZuneFIG], 
::[http://wiki.povray.org/content/Documentation:Tutorial_Section_1 POVray Tutorial 1], 
::[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jk-ZNLfJsvQ pt 1, jan. 2008], [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nWRy33g1R7Y pt 2, feb. 2009], [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r5PbhCtm4vE pt 3, feb. 2010], 

::[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G7_FJUoQ89o Hollywood programming], [], [], [],

::[], [], [], 
::[], [], [], 
::[], [], [], 


:06. '''Commercial software available'''
::[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fKXY9B4R43s AntiryadGX 3D Game Editor], 
::[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TMS9NDzwm5U BOH indie Game], 

:07. '''Running classic amiga apps and games''' 
:: Amiberry [], [], 
::[http://vmwaros.blogspot.com/2008/11/introducing-amibridge.html Intro Amibridge], [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ee2PWvCZeLo Old Amiga Apps], [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ee2PWvCZeLo Why Janus UAE is good], 
::[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VhlsNSYSuDg DPaint tutorial]

::[http://vmwaros.blogspot.com/2009/11/can-icaros-play-my-amiga-games-and-why.html Play Amiga Games], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XTaZCNOvCnE], 
::[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tMehS77LXQ4 Pagestream Introduction], [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=284-w3hTzII Pagestream Tutorial 1], [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mlwEGwhZzl4 Pagestream Tutorial 2], 
::[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iIcrIjPOctc Catweasel Mk4 PCI Part 1] and [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BaitHeL6bEA Part 2], 

:08. '''Misc and History'''

::[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d6mDXKU29w0 Mum uses old AmigaOS Workbench 1.1 (1986)], [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DaRkacQ-YMg Why an Amiga 500 (1987)], [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k5CYsgVCzYY an Amiga 2000 (1987)], 

:09. '''Misc Shows and Events'''
::[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=klgVSWKs4kE VCF 2010], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eQ3d5qR-Hv8 24:06 Jason McMullan at amiwest 2012 about AROS], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jpQO7XSfAv4 Aros SMP multi core amiwest 2013], [], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gFRtAAmiFbE], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DjdUEyjx8GM], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ydYDqZQpim8], [], [https://www.youtube.com/@uminekoshouten/featured], [https://www.youtube.com/shorts/NfoY023w-vE], 

:10. 
::[https://www.youtube.com/shorts/6qJTNW4-6GY]


===History===

The project was originally started by a small group of Amiga [http://www.amigahistory.co.uk/aros.html enthusiasts] in 1995. These individuals were mainly computer-based college university students at the start, though that student trend has diminished since. An interview with Aaron Digulla [http://arosshow.blogspot.com/2006/12/interview-with-aaron-digulla-who.html here] 

* 1992 Commodore folds 
* 1996-1998 much of the early years was concerned with exec, dos and intuition libraries. 
* Early 1999, Haage &amp; Partner used parts of the AROS code in AmigaOS 3.9. 
* March 2001, floppy disk images of AROS became available. 
* Early 2002, AROS changed its name from Amiga Replacement Operating System to Amiga Research Operating System 
* June 2002, AROS devs decided to use Zune (MUI 3.8 rewrite) as the GUI system. 
* November 2002, Eric Schwartz drew Kitty for AROS usage. 
* Early 2003, AROS.org underwent a graphics facelift. 
* Late 2003, GCC C compiler arrived. 
* Early 2004, Aros-Exec opened. 
* Early 2005, Aros Max bootable CD arrived. 
* Late 2005, SFS filesystem ported and allowed fast access to apps and network support arrived 
* Early 2007, AROS.org underwent another graphics facelift. 
* Mid-2007, AROS changed to AROS Research Operating System after A.Inc. sued Hyperion with a trademark violation. 
* Late 2007, the hard disk installer added and VmwAROS (later called Icaros Desktop) distro launched. 
* Early 2009, Our first usable web browser (OWB)
* September 2010, first wireless support appears and AspireOS started as a distro 


* Early 2012, the first paper-cut bugfix and Fab's Odyssey Web Browser ported 
* Early 2017, work started on utilising the addition cores on modern CPUs starting with the 64bit x86 PC version  
* Mid-2017, m68k port optimized for the Vampire 2 / Apollo accelerators (68080 AMMX FPGA) 
* 2018 The old AROS Exec website closed and a new one opened 
* 2019 AROS One x86 32bit distribution started and now with USB install version 
* Early 2021, backport of more features of 32bit PC ABIv1 into 32bit PC ABIv0 (Aros One 1.5 and above) 
* 2025 year of 64bit pc builds and porting 32bit applications to 64bit ABIv11
* 2026 update of [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6FKTL068ULM&amp;pp=ygUPYXJvcyBhbWlnYSAyMDI2 nvidia nouveau driver for 64bit PC] 


===Bounties===

To help inspire developers with both ideas and monetary incentives, rewards are offered for the successful completion of &quot;bounties&quot; (requests for missing/new functionality) chosen by the community and handled by [http://power2people.org power2people] (formerly done by TeamAROS). A monthly option is [http://www.power2people.org/funds/aros/ here].


Future goals for AROS include expanding its underlying retargetability to support even more diverse architectures, provide memory protection features and user level file security, SMP and many other wonderful features missing from AmigaOS &amp;mdash; while still providing as much source level compatibility as is possible (however it is accepted that to achieve some goals code certain things may require a little recoding).


[http://www.ohloh.net/p/aros/contributors Developers] come and go as with any open source effort and we would like to thank them for their efforts... 

;1996-2000:In DigullaA (coordinator), GripJ, TempletonI (BSD), SchulzM, RittauS, voordenDagL, HolmM, JohanssonT, VanIngelgomH, SteigerwaldM, BortasP, deJongK, AlfredssonJ, InnocentiB, 

;2001-2005:In [http://chodorowski.com/adam/aros.html ChodorowskiA], StegerG, BergerS, HeutlingS, AlemagnaF (gcc), VerhaegenS (rexx), KielH, MatheussenKS (CAMD), SzczygielskiP, ErikssonP, LeCorfecD (Zune), BauerS (Zune), FurlongW, GustafssonJ, AndrewsN, CafferkeyN, GierichM (jpeg), PattonJ, ParsonsM, DietrichJ, SeilerT, BischoffL, LorentzenNH, AdamO, BerglundH, SmithP, HolmenD, BlomM, 

;2006-2010:In FedinP, RusslerM, SzymczykS (owb), SmiechowiczK (openGL), WeissM, NorrisR, BrunnerO, WiszkowskiT, GreppinA, [http://www.fukt.bsnet.se/~bearsoft/ Bearsoft Björn Screwelius], ErbY, CharletF, HodgesC, [http://aros-exec.org/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?topic_id=4819&amp;forum=18&amp;post_id=43103#forumpost43103 HokstadV], McMullanJ (m68k), WilenT (m68k), 

;2011- :In MuijzenbergPHvanden, ALB42, JonesEM, weiju, DizzyofCRN, wawa, miker, 


* 1996 - The linux hosted version for i386 was the first to arrive 
* 1998 - i386, The native version for i386-based PC AT computers and compatibles.
* 2004 - x86/64, The native version for 64-bit (x86_64, amd64) PC computers.
* 2008 - sam440/ppc, The native version for Sam440EP, Sam440EP Flex and Sam460ex computers.
* 2009 - efika, The native version for PowerPC Efika computers.
* 2010 - m68k, The native version for m68k Amigas or WinUAE
* 2013 - raspi/armfh, early native version for ARMv6 based Raspberry Pi computers.
* 2017 - x86/64bit smp 


Debugging capture serial debug at all (especially with sysdebug=all or --sysdebug=all) to see it displayed on screen 

* yes, usb -&gt; rs232 adapters can work most of the time, some of the cheapest ones are not fully compatible with all rs232 devices to capture to another device 
* you will need a null modem cable (or a null modem adapter usually female to female) in addition to the usb -&gt; rs232 adapter (usb adapter is a normal modem ie. the pins are not crossed over) 

Normal modem cable - straight connection DCE 
&lt;pre&gt;
Pin 2 -&gt; Pin 2  RXD
Pin 3 -&gt; Pin 3  TXD 
Pin 5 -&gt; Pin 5  GND
&lt;/pre&gt;

Null modem cable connections DTE 
&lt;pre&gt;
Pin 2 -&gt; Pin 3
Pin 3 -&gt; Pin 2
Pin 5 -&gt; Pin 5
&lt;/pre&gt;
(9pole SUB-D)


&lt;pre&gt;
serial  ser: (amiga/aros)  tty2 tty1USB0 (linux)  COM1 (windows)  (depends on the os being used) 
speed baud transfer rate 9600 38400     lower baud might be more successful 
data bits 8
stop bits 1
parity none
handshaking flow control - none xon/xoff (most likely)  rts/cts  dsr/dtr (pins not connected so should not work) 
&lt;/pre&gt;


*You cannot use compiled aros X86-64 bit software (when ready) on aros X86 32bit. PPC compiled software on X86 and so on. 
*68k is tested with the UAE emulator (WinUAE) but some tests are done on native 68000 based Amigas and others. 
*PPC support is very limited to certain devices. 


If you use the WBStartup, you have to delete the other icons in the folder (readme etc..) and you have to add in the Icon Tooltype the parameter DONOTWAIT

If you use user-startup instead, you need to add the attached command &quot;after assignment to LUA&quot;
C:WBRun DH1:Extras/Utility/WeatherBar/WeatherBar &gt;NIL:
Change the command to match your WeatherBar path.

&lt;pre&gt;
PATH sys:Utilities/WeatherBar ADD
run &gt;nil: lua:amilua weatherforecast.lua
&lt;/pre&gt;

To enter data your Country or City, ist with city_id numbers can be found [http://bulk.openweathermap.org/sample/city.list.json.gz here] or you need to go to [https://www.bbc.com/weather BBC Weather], once you type the name of your city or town in the appropriate tab, and press enter, the 7 numbers to be added in the &quot;WeatherBar&quot; will appear on the Browser url address bar above 


Unicode v16.0 emojis are not supported but [https://github.com/jens-maus/libcodesets codesets.library] provides 

&lt;pre&gt;
internally supported (hardcoded) charsets/codesets are: (conversions are possible from and to each codeset):

    AmigaPL – Polish (Amiga)
    Amiga-1251 – Cyrillic (Amiga)
    ISO-8859-1 – Western European
    ISO-8859-1+Euro – West European (with EURO)
    ISO-8859-2 – Central/East European
    ISO-8859-3 – South European
    ISO-8859-4 – North European
    ISO-8859-5 – Slavic languages
    ISO-8859-9 – Turkish
    ISO-8859-15 – West European II
    ISO-8859-16 – South-Eastern European
    KOI8-R – Russian
    UTF-8 – Unicode

In addition, external charset table files can be stored in LIBS:Charsets or loaded by an application from PROGDIR:Charsets. The charset files included with this distributions are:

    IBM866 – Cyrillic (cp866)
    ISO-8859-7 – Greek (LatinGreek)
    ISO-8859-10 – Nordic (Latin 6)
    windows-1250 – Central/East Europe (Windows)
    windows-1251 – Cyrillic (Windows)
    windows-1252 – West European (Windows)
&lt;/pre&gt;


Icaros 2.3 USB image needs a header stripped so it can work correctly 
 dd bs=512 skip=1 status=progress if=icaros_light_2-3-0_pendrive.bin of=/dev/sdxy &amp;&amp; sync


Scalos 
&lt;pre&gt;
-------------------------------
{ &quot;STRING&quot;,		&quot;ID/K,TEXT/K,SRC/K,TEXTPEN/K,HALIGN/K,STYLE/K,FONT/K,VALIGN/K&quot;,

HALIGN		LEFT | CENTER | RIGHT

VALIGN		TOP | CENTER | BOTTOM

STYLE		NORMAL | BOLD | ITALIC | BOLDITALIC

FONT		// font specification - format: &quot;fontname.font/size&quot;

-------------------------------
arguments for STRING SRC

&quot;diskstate&quot;,		
&quot;diskusage&quot;,		
&quot;diskusagefree&quot;,	
&quot;diskusageinuse&quot;,	
&quot;diskusagepercent&quot;,	
&quot;fibfilename&quot;,	
&quot;filecomment&quot;,	
&quot;filedate&quot;,		
&quot;fileprotection&quot;,	
&quot;filesize&quot;,		
&quot;filetime&quot;,		
&quot;filetypestring&quot;,	
&quot;iconname&quot;,		
&quot;linktarget&quot;,		
&quot;plugin&quot;	pluginname &lt;optional plugin arguments&gt;
&quot;versionstring&quot;,	
&quot;volumecreateddate&quot;,	
&quot;volumecreatedtime&quot;,	
&quot;volumeordevicename&quot;,	

-------------------------------

arguments for HIDE

&quot;novolumenode&quot;,	
&quot;isempty&quot; (some STRING)	

-------------------------------

all internal commands:

&quot;about&quot;,		
&quot;backdrop&quot;,		
&quot;cleanup&quot;,		
&quot;cleanupbyname&quot;,	
&quot;cleanupbydate&quot;,	
&quot;cleanupbysize&quot;,	
&quot;cleanupbytype&quot;,	
&quot;clearselection&quot;,	
&quot;clone&quot;,		
&quot;close&quot;,		
&quot;copy&quot;,		
&quot;cut&quot;,		
&quot;delete&quot;,		
&quot;emptytrashcan&quot;,	
&quot;executecommand&quot;,	
&quot;formatdisk&quot;,		
&quot;iconify&quot;,		
&quot;iconinfo&quot;,		
&quot;lastmsg&quot;,		
&quot;leaveout&quot;,		
&quot;makedir&quot;,		
&quot;open&quot;,		
&quot;parent&quot;,		
&quot;paste&quot;,		
&quot;putaway&quot;,		
&quot;quit&quot;,		
&quot;redraw&quot;,		
&quot;redrawall&quot;,		
&quot;rename&quot;,		
&quot;reset&quot;,		
&quot;selectall&quot;,		
&quot;showallfiles&quot;,	
&quot;showonlyicons&quot;,	
&quot;shutdown&quot;,		
&quot;sizetofit&quot;,		
&quot;snapshot&quot;,		
&quot;snapshotall&quot;,	
&quot;snapshotwindow&quot;,	
&quot;unsnapshot&quot;,		
&quot;update&quot;,		
&quot;updateall&quot;,		
&quot;viewbydate&quot;,		
&quot;viewbyicon&quot;,		
&quot;viewbysize&quot;,		
&quot;viewbytype&quot;,		
&quot;viewbytext&quot;,		
&lt;/pre&gt;


{{status|50%}}
{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>lf39tc0t6erft0y7eubabgl595lz177</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4680471</id>
      <parentid>4680463</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T16:44:03Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jeff1138</username>
        <id>301139</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>4680471</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="140346" sha1="esmlof0h8r8tb1e7iutntlunfi5ixem" xml:space="preserve">{{ArosNav}}

==What is AROS==

Google translation 
[http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=de&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DAros%2FUser%2FDocs German], [http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=nl&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DAros%2FUser%2FDocs Dutch], [http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=fr&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DAros%2FUser%2FDocs French], [http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=it&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DAros%2FUser%2FDocs Italian], 
[http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=da&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DAros%2FUser%2FDocs Danish], 
[http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=es&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DAros%2FUser%2FDocs Spanish], [http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=hi&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DAros%2FUser%2FDocs Hindi], [http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=zh-CN&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DAros%2FUser%2FDocs Chinese], 
[http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=ru&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DAros%2FUser%2FDocs Russian], 
[http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=pl&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DAros%2FUser%2FDocs Polish], [http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=ja&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DAros%2FUser%2FDocs Japanese], [http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=ko&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DAros%2FUser%2FDocs Korean], 
[http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=pt&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DAros%2FUser%2FDocs Portuguese], 


*Computer Hardware
*AROS (operating system)
*Applications and Games
*User


[http://www.osnews.com/story/15819 AROS] is one of the intermediate levels between the computer hardware and the user. It is an open-source, clean-room implementation of AmigaOS 3.x that can be run on many different computer architectures. It runs primarily on PC x86 32bit and 64bit but also on amiga motorola 68k and compatibles, some ARM like the Pi and Apple Silicon, RISC-V and some old PowerPC. 

This page will cover enough to be able to write the downloaded image to your preferred media, to run a LiveUSB, LiveCD or LiveDVD on your office/home PC (Live meaning you can test without changing your existing setup) and, ultimately, to use it.  

Intel / AMD PC hardware support mostly covers the years 2000 to 2024. At the moment, AROS is '''not''' recommended to be '''installed''' on a working vital data holding machine. Instead, writing to and booting from a '''USB stick''' could be a much better option. 

AROS is an hobby OS and can co-exist with Windows(TM), MacOSX(TM), Android(TM) or Linux(TM) and act as an alternative. 
Unfortunately, Aros has few developers so upgrades and improvements can take [https://sourceforge.net/p/aros/mailman/aros-cvs/ time to appear]. 

AROS core is now [http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Aros/Developer/IncompleteAPIs ~80%] finished and is usable, so keep in mind that the software is still considered ALPHA/BETA and in constant development. Currently AROS is fun to play with on a curiosity level, but it is also interesting to program. AROS has some multimedia features and has internet access.  

Most importantly, use AROS to its maximum potential as it stands now, find ways to have fun with it and share your experiences. 


Good Sites to visit 

: [https://www.arosworld.org/home.php Aros World User forum] 
: [https://arosnews.github.io/ AROS News]
: [https://www.facebook.com/ArosWorkshop/ Aros Workshop], 
: [https://www.osnews.com/topic/amiga-aros/ OSNews] 
: [https://www.reddit.com/r/aros/ Reddit]


: [https://archives.arosworld.org Aros Archives] 
: [https://aminet.net/ Aminet]
: [http://www.amiga-news.de/en/ English translation of German site]


: [https://aros.sourceforge.io AROS] with [https://aros.sourceforge.io/download.html ABIv1 downloads] 
: [https://github.com/aros-development-team/AROS Aros ABIv1 Codebase]
: [https://github.com/aros-development-team/AROS/issues register ABIv1 issues] and [https://sourceforge.net/p/aros/bugs/ old defunct bugs notification site] 


: [https://sites.google.com/view/arosone Aros One x86, x64] 
: [https://tinyarosdistro.flazio.com/ Tiny Aros x86 and x64]
: [https://arosnews.github.io/aros-portable/ AROS portable USB3 stick images of hosted Aros One x86 and x64 on debian] 
: [http://vmwaros.blogspot.com Icaros Desktop x86 now on sabbatical, very old edition] 
: [https://sites.google.com/site/arosaspireone AspireOS, of the netbook Aspire One, very old edition] 
: [https://github.com/deadwood2 Deadwood's builds], [https://www.axrt.org/download/aros/v11/ v11 64bit PC builds], [https://axrt.org/downloads-aros Updated i386 32bit PC builds], 
: [https://github.com/ezrec Ezrec x86 m68k mirror of old svn version]


: [http://arosalive.blogspot.co.uk/p/10-basic-aros-how-tos-tutorials.html Basic How To guides] 
: [http://arosgamer.blogspot.co.uk/ AROS Playground], [http://thewetmachine.net/tag/aros/ Jess Wet Machine], [https://aroshacking.wordpress.com/ Jon Robertson's AROS Experiences and FPC Free Pascal], [], 
:[http://www.apollo-accelerators.com/ Apollo Accelerators m68k], [http://www.amigablogs.net/ Amiga Blogs], [http://blog.a-eon.biz/blog/ Trevor Dickinson blog], 


: [https://forum.amiga.org/ Amiga OS AOS 3.x forum] 
: [http://eab.abime.net/ EAB Amiga] 
: [http://www.amigaworld.net/ AmigaWorld] 
: [http://www.ppa.pl/ Polish Amiga Like News] 
: [http://www.apollo-core.com/ Apollo Forum] 
: [https://amigaalive.blogspot.com/ AmigaAlive]
: [https://www.amigalove.com/software Disk Mags]
: [https://amigachristmastree.ultimateamiga.com/ Xmas Amiga Game Jam]
: [https://www.reddit.com/r/amiga/ Amiga]


== Distributions aka Distros ==

For end users there are distributions (ready made with selected apps aiming to be easy to use), mostly created and maintained by one person in their own workflow/style. They reuse the nightly boot compiles to suit their needs and possibly other end users. You are free to create your own if required. 

* For native 64bit Intel/AMD: [https://sites.google.com/view/arosone Aros One x64], [https://tinyarosdistro.flazio.com/ Tiny Aros],
* For native 32bit Intel/AMD which will run on 64bit machines: [https://sites.google.com/view/arosone Aros One x86], [https://www.tinyaros.it/ Tiny Aros], 
* For native 68k [https://sites.google.com/view/arosone Aros One m68k], [http://www.aros-platform.de/ AROS Vision], 

'''Please, keep in mind that the distros listed above use a different ABI (abi v11) , which is NOT binary compatible with the official ABI V1.'''
* For hosted Linux usb drive image [https://arosnews.github.io/aros-portable/ x64 Debian hosted version of Aros One], 
* For hosted ARM there is [https://github.com/jonx/AROS-AArch64/releases alpha for Apple Silicon] and [https://aros.sourceforge.io/nightly1.html RaspberryPi Pi3, Pi4, Pi400, Pi5, 500+ raspi-aarch64-system native 64bit] 


AROS was originally developed on Linux but can run on an Intel-based Linux distro as an app. As time has gone on, it can be run as an app on many more operating systems (Windows, FreeBSD, Linux and limited on MacOS). This may sound strange: an OS running on top of another OS. 
Basically, this is to take advantage of drivers (audio, internet, graphics, etc.) and compiler environments, in the existing OS, with which people may be already familiar. The term we use for what AROS does is &quot;Hosted&quot;. 

AROS Native is the term coined to describe AROS being run without any OS underneath it. It runs alone just like AmigaOS(TM) did. As this version does not benefit from &quot;Hosted&quot; drivers, dedicated ones have to be ported/written. Hence the smaller range of supported hardware / peripherals. We have other pages highlighting this support 


AROS is open source so basically everyone can take part. The source is public on github and there are new commits most days. AROS is automatically compiled daily, result are the nightly builds hosted on Sourceforge. The nightly builds are only used for testing changes, testing software and the starting point for distribution maintainers or even your own distribution. They are very basic, miss some functionality and apps like web browsers and generic general appearance which can be changed. 

* The [https://sourceforge.net/projects/aros/files/nightly2/ Nightly2], [http://aros.sourceforge.net/download.php nightly builds File Release Service] or [http://aros.sourceforge.net/downloads/ Sourceforge Project Web builds] are made automatically every night directly from the Github and in the past, SVN (Subversion) tree and contain the latest code for the AROS operating system. It should be noted that the builds have not been tested in any way and can be horribly broken but usually are not. 

*ABIv1 standard for most nightly builds, it is where the most work is done by developers 
*ABIv11 offspring aka fork of 64bit PC ABIv1 i.e. another PC 64bit build 
*ABIv0 standard for PC 32bit intel / amd PC distributions for historic reasons 


==Media==

AROS media tends to boot in this tier list of media types, first internal HDD SSD, CD DVD drive, and finally usb drive (last two can depend on bios boot order) 

* USB .VHD 

[https://sites.google.com/view/arosone Aros One x86 and x64], with md5 below 

&lt;pre&gt;
0a656d53a9c902e9934000d8392e30ec *ArosOne-USB-1.3-64Bit.zip
7dd7119ab3e56d75ee852c137226b4d7 *ArosOne-USB-v1.2-x86_64-v11.zip
cf906eeaad4a83b3520b1896bdc6b0d3 *ArosOne-USB-v1.1-x86_64-v11.zip

e2eb8fe8cfd61c567b0152a61cf85251 *ArosOne-x86-v2.8-USB-IMG.zip
559909c75c2f56472c74267a7d075355 *ArosOne-x86-v2.7-USB-IMG.zip
93da5898508c1a8c05bb8991ab7bd117 *AROS One Image-USB-2.4.zip
59fcabd7090e47f12d54f7eb78cf0f45 *ArosOne-x86-v2.2-USB-Image.zip
24fb8de726ae8fc5fe5bac6d30f03dc5  ArosOne-x86-v2.0-USB-Image.zip
f3d725e990072edce633b59747911b6b  ArosOne-x86-v1.8-USB-IMG.zip
e089a24ae310e92fcc407a0125602ce8  Aros-One x86-IMG-USB-v1.6.zip
&lt;/pre&gt; 


[https://tinyaros.flazio.com/ Tiny AROS]

22bc993625b7c75b17263c0cc7e7baaa *Tiny Aros_copy.vhd (March 2024) 


There is usually a vhd image inside the zip that can be written to USB sticks which is so much faster than the old ISO written to physical CD DVD method. This .vhd can be written to an USB stick / ssd with these pieces of software below but it will erase the previous contents from the usb 

Windows - [https://www.raspberrypi.com/software/ RPi Raspberry Imager, use custom and see all files], [https://hddguru.com/software/HDD-Raw-Copy-Tool/ HDD-Raw-Copy-Tool], [https://rufus.ie/ Rufus up to version 3.20 may work with VirtualBox HD vhd images with Win7 but not some Rufus 4.x versions], [https://etcher.balena.io/ Balena Etcher but may spy on you], 

Linux   - [https://www.raspberrypi.com/software/ Raspberry Imager Ubuntu], Suse Image / Multi writer, dd, 

Mac     - 


* Virtual Machine .ISO or CDs DVDs 

 The native iso images are currently not compatible with Ventoy, Yumi, MultiBootUSB, Easy2Boot E2B, or similar 

&lt;pre&gt;
617a905b1665128c5e05f94dcc48e7f1 *AROS-One-v1.3-64Bit-v11.zip
11c8a147fcad7ecf52ae3a43e1934b69 *ArosOne-DVD-v1.2-x86_64-v11.zip
f93053d3b9ccf304d7e6ac3389e1987b *ArosOne-DVD-v1.1-x86_64-v11.zip

86d808a40dc7be389a758799a9b4f595 *ArosOne-x86-v2.0-ISO-DVD.zip
f1fc8599ef6a39e5df394e0f41d55526 *AROS-One-x86-ISO-DVD-v1.6.zip
&lt;/pre&gt;


You can use a virtual emulator like VirtualBox, VMWare to mount the iso image which can then be used to boot and/or install to USB. 

No current software can write an AROS ISO to a Pendrive. The author of ‘Rufus’ (who used an Amiga 500 as a child) once tried, but when he saw the system composition, he said he was unable to do it.

The solution is to boot the ISO from a VM (WMware, VBox), then install the AROS build on the Pendrive, which will eventually become a Live Pendrive that can be booted on a PC.

The only precaution is that in some cases it is necessary to thoroughly clean the Pendrive of any partitions and remove any bootloader that is not AROS. The Pendrive must remain raw without any partitions.

You can clean the USB stick on a PC with a program that manages hard disks. You need to do a partition wipe. On some USB sticks, you can clean it with InstallAROS.
For some USB pendrives, please use a reputable partition editor to remove any and all partitions from a usb pendrive as HDToolbox cannot do this task sometimes with a wipe all option. 


Previously the only installation option was CD-RW or DVD-RW, since the whole system can be burnt onto a single disk and can be reused when the next version is released. Good branded discs like Taiyo Yuden (later JVC) or Verbatim should be used to reduce frustration later. The days for this media is gone but kept here for information 

Since nobody currently sells AROS on any other media, you will need access to a CD/DVD burner to create the installation disk yourself. After it is on a CD or DVD, then access and writing to USB pendrives becomes available (this should be viewed as an outdated or last resort alternative method now), as well as using good USB manufacturers like Sandisk, Kingston, etc. rather than some other no-names. 

Try burning it to a CD-RW or DVD-RW using your CD/DVD burning program (most burning software have a burn iso option). The ideal writing speed is 2x or 4x, higher speeds can give errors and problems.  Check the writing integrity of your CD or DVD if your software has an option to do so before going any further. 

Standalone portable usb cd dvd drives do not boot physical burnt discs, please use an internal ide sata drive instead. 


* SD-card
For [https://aros.sourceforge.io/nightly1.html ARM Pi Aros 64bit], copy the files onto a FAT32 formatted micro SD card. 


==Booting==

The LiveUSB, and in the past LiveCD LiveDVD, is designed to trial (test drive) various operating systems without having to install them to your working system. 

Since 2011, UEFI was introduced to replace the original PC BIOS which made booting media more confusing. Some changes in the UEFI/bios may be needed 

*go into the bios using esc, f2 or f? and disable the Security -&gt; Secure Boot and maybe apply option for Legacy IDE mode 
*you may have to press F9, F10 or F12 or p on boot up to present a device boot options like USB or CD/DVD 
*disable the Fast Boot config so it would recognize portable DVD-drive and changed the Boot-sequence

Secure boot was introduced by Microsoft and later consortium, control what operating systems work with Secure Boot via shims. 
For Aros, it is best to disable and save the turn off change to Secure Boot (if you dual boot with Windows this will cause issues with further Window boots) 

 For the best experience, it is advised to install to another SSD than the one Windows resides on. 

The grub part of the boot should be fully automatic, and you should see a multiple choice graphic card screen after 10 seconds for USB or 40 seconds CDs and DVDs. 
If boot does not occur within a minute, please reboot and choose the VGA boot option as it relays a message stream so you can see where the issue lies. 

After the grub graphics choice, AROS takes over the booting and any issues can arise here 

If possible please use a branded usb pen drive as most of the time when we get reports of &quot;crashes right after grub boot selection&quot; it is mostly due to the recorded pendrive as they are made, notoriously on a will it work / will it fail nature, every time it is used. 
&lt;pre&gt;
So one usb drive written may stop at a System halted. Reset the machine. 
Or another pendrive will show give errors Smart Filesystem request - Volume 'Aros Live Drive' (DU0: usbscsi.device unit 0) There was an error while accessing this volume: 
Or if a FAT32 partition present - FAT filesystem - Device USBSCSI0P1 has a read error on block xxxxxxxx - 
&lt;/pre&gt;
Sadly, no drive even branded are resistant or totally reliable, so the only solution is to try another pendrive, and possibly to repeat, until no errors. 
It will give an indication on how reliable the usb drive could be. 


=====Advice for various machines=====

Some of the stages involved and shown on the display in a typical AROS boot start up 

&lt;pre&gt;
[MultiLoader]
[ELF Loader]
[Boot]

[HPET] 
[Kernel:ACPI]
[Kernel:APIC-IA32]
[Kernel:SMP APIC]
[HiddStorage]

ACPI: ????
ACPI Error 
[ACPI]AcpiOs????
[BattClock] Got RTC century offset 0x32 from ACPI 

[PCI] Scanning bus ? 
[AHCI] Sata 
[Vesa]  only if vesa is chosen as graphics option 

[ATA] detect hd &amp; cd drives 
[ATA0?] ata-identity 
[packet] fat.handler be.handler, etc. 
[DOS] 
[Storage:Bus]
[Storage:Controller]

[MSS] USB setup
[ehciInit] Port ? maps to controller ? 

[I2C] 
[ATI]
[drm] nouveau 
[AROSTCP]   if you have network driver prefs set up to start when booting 


&lt;/pre&gt;

; If boot fails, please give us some indication (pictures or videos) where the boot stops and the message(s) on screen. 


AROS's native SATA/AHCI driver doesn't always work. If you get errors related to ahci.device, try disabling it. At your chosen boot entry in the GRUB menu, Press E, scroll down to the ahci.device entry, and add a # or ; at the start of that line or delete it with Ctrl-K. Then press Ctrl-X or F10 to boot. 

If your disk isn't accessible at all with this change, you might need to change the SATA controller to IDE legacy mode in the BIOS: however, making this change will likely cause problems booting Windows on the same machine (if it's already installed). To disable ahci.device permanently, edit the text file &quot;SYS:Arch/pc/grub/grub.cfg&quot;, and remove the ahci.device line from all boot entries you intend to use.

SATA AHCI Timeout while waiting for device to complete operations with BIOS SATA entry set to AHCI mode stops at &quot;waiting for bootable media&quot; screen, changing BIOS SATA setting back to IDE mode may allow it to continue booting 

The ATA driver doesn't always work. If you get errors related to ata.device, try using the alternative in sys:devs/alt which is an older version.  Press E when your chosen boot entry is highlighted in the GRUB menu, scroll down to the ata.device entry, and change it to read &quot;module /Devs/Alt/ata.device&quot;. Then press Ctrl-X to boot. To make this change permanent, edit the text file &quot;SYS:Arch/pc/grub/grub.cfg&quot;, and change the path to ata.device in all boot entries you intend to use.


Further options (removing the &quot; &quot;) to add to the GRUB menus to disable certain other components for debugging:

&lt;pre&gt;
Disable AHCI                        &quot;AHCI=disable&quot;
Disable NVME                        &quot;NVME=disable&quot;

Disable ATA:                        &quot;ATA=disable&quot;
Disable ATA:                        &quot;ATA=nopci,nolegacy&quot;
ATA safe mode:                      &quot;ATA=nodma,32bit&quot;
Disable IDE from SATA:              &quot;ATA=32bit,nosata2pata&quot;
VIA / SIS with cdrom read io errors &quot;ATA=nodma,nopoll&quot; 

noacpi                   all [PCI] devices to be invisible to AROS. disk drives work but network, sound won't 
acpi=strict              if there are issues with sound after boot 

noioapic                 alternative to no acpi 

Set AHCI                            &quot;AHCI=force150/force300/force600&quot;
Disable AHCI/SATA:       comment out with a # ; or remove ahci.device line with Ctrl-K

Disable USB:             comment out # ; or remove pciusb.device and poseidon.library lines with Ctrl-K
Disable native graphics: &quot;nomonitors&quot;
USB3                     &quot;USB=xhci&quot; 
&lt;/pre&gt; 

Other useful grub command line options - nomonitors, noacpi, vesahack, nopoll 

Press Ctrl and X together (or F10) to exit and boot with the new options. Just experiment with different variations until successful. Those working options will need to be reused with every reboot of AROS until you can edit the grub.cfg and make it permanent i.e. install to hard disk or USB. 


* If you use VESA mode, you can see the debug log if you add 'vesahack' to the command  line.  This  will set up split-screen mode. In the upper half you'll see AROS screen, in the bottom - debug log. 
* ACPI ie. PCI hardware - If  you  get  crashes  at  early boot, try adding 'NOACPI' to the command line 


If you're having boot issues and have a null modem cable and a spare pc, a boot log is always useful. Edit your grub line to include debug=serial but would try with an with sysdebug=all in the line later as it can cause issues booting on machines with sysdebug=all enabled (corrupts the cpu initialization). 

However, if you feel you have found a genuine bug/fault in AROS that needs attention, please use the [http://sourceforge.net/tracker/?atid=439463&amp;group_id=43586&amp;func=browse bug submission form] to record as much information about what happened, why, and what hardware etc. you have so that people may try to assist you 


For Virtual machines VMWare VirtualBox, etc., attach and press play to start the ISO image 

If booting hasn't worked then it could be down to Bios/UEFI settings  


=====nvme.device=====

 Since 2018, nvme drives are standard on most machines 

The requirement is that a PC can boot with legacy mode/BIOS at the moment - Now as far as hardware goes on a newer machine with an NVME drive you may need to add NVME=disable as the NVME driver could potentially cause lockups. 

 This is still in testing and its' use should not be on or near precious own data 


=====AHCI=====

 Starting taking over since 2011 on a lot of machines 

* Check that UEFI (replacement for PC BIOS) has options set to remove UEFI SecureBoot option and apply CSM 
* SATA drive is set for Legacy or a mixture AHCI/IDE and not AHCI 


 AHCI sata can be very difficult to get working

Most Windows installs are already set to AHCI sata, changing this to a legacy IDE mode setting can help but please check if Windows will still boot. Some hardware like Lenovo laptops do not always like being set in legacy mode so only use as a last resort and aware of issues that can be caused. 

Now as far as hardware goes on a newer machine with an NVME drive you may need to add NVME=disable as the NVME driver could potentially cause lockups. 

With a 16C/32T chip machine, disable SMT and it should boot. 


=====ata.device for old BIOS's =====

 Pre 2010 this was the de facto standard method of providing settings to the computer at a lower level 

Some adjustments to the BIOS setup options are necessary (usually by pressing a key like DEL, F1, F2, F12 or ESC, p on the very early boot up of the computer). 

*Adjust booting options like moving USB hdd, CDROM higher as it is quite often disabled or placed lower by default, i.e. USB hdd, CD/DVD are placed at the top above the hard drive. Try looking here [http://www.windowsreinstall.com/articles/bios/ Windows] or [http://www.hiren.info/pages/bios-boot-cdrom Bios] or [http://www.wikihow.com/Set-Bios-to-Boot-from-a-CD-ROM Boot] or web search &quot;BIOS BOOT CDROM&quot;

* At the '''SAME''' time, check if the SATA/AHCI option is set to Emulate or IDE Legacy, though this can have '''issues''' with any OS already on the hard disk. If in doubt, do nothing and seek advice. 

* check that under BIOS settings you '''DO NOT''' have plug&amp;play OS selected as Aros at this point is unable to route interrupts on its own and needs the BIOS to do that. 

'''Save''' options changed at the end. 

PCITool can show if the motherboard chipset is in IDE mode. 
Class = 0x01 means STORAGE, Subclass = 0x01 means IDE. Also ProductID 0x3a20 resolves to non-AHCI mode in Intel ICH10 documentation.


==Installing==

We have a separate section [https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Aros/Platforms/x86_installing here]

We have a specific section for each CPU platform under the Specific platforms in the NavBar navigation bar on the right hand side menu 

error code (-6) when using the ahci.device (has writing to disk problem but not reading) is enabled. change this line in your grub and reboot 

&lt;pre&gt;
#module /Devs/ahci.device      &lt;&lt; disable
module /Devs/Alt/ata.device    &lt;&lt; add this line instead
&lt;/pre&gt;


==File structure overview==

AROS' directory structure is mostly identical to AmigaOS directory structure, with some additions.

AROS: or SYS: also known as DH0: (i.e. the drive partition with AROS system) has the following simplified list of the main drawers (Amigas term for directories/folders). 


{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|boot:
| grub bootloader 
|----
|C:
| small apps, where AROS looks first for applications/games but will look at Tools, System afterwards
|----
|Classes:
| .class as well as datatypes 
|----
|Devs:
| .device .resource and in their own drawers (folders) .audio, .hidd, network, graphics 
|----
|L:
| where .handler files go 
|----
|Libs:
| where .library files go 
|----
|Locale:
| where help guide txt readme files go 
|----
|Prefs:
| applications that adjust or setup AROS functions and capabilities 
|----
|S:
| startup scripts (for the aros boot process '''not''' grub) are stored here
|----
|Storage:
| place to keep old or alternative device drivers
|----
|System:
| applications associated with AROS operating system
|----
|Tools:
| extra applications
|----
|Utilities:
| extra applications
|----
|WBStartup:
| copy applications here to autostart with needed icons, drawers, data etc
|----
|}

See [[Aros/User/DOS#Drives.2C_Files.2C_Assigns.2C_Directories|DOS manual: Drives, Files, Assigns, Directories]]


=== Filesystem ===

Whilst the kernel is the heart, the filesystem is the blood of the system they are split into two categories (only a few are supported) 
&lt;pre&gt;
Journalling     - SFS PFS3 but also NTFS ZFS XFS ext4 
Non-journaling  - FFS FAT32(VFAT) but also exFAT BtrFS ext2  
&lt;/pre&gt;

Filesystem options for AROS to install 
* SFS default 
* Professional File System PFS3 on most architectures 
* FFS very old now but left in for legacy usage 0x444f5301 

Other [https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=driver/filesystem filesystems] for storage purposes 
* FAT32 favorite as most OSs support 
* NTFS (can lock AROS) 
* exFAT there is a [https://www.jkn.me/blog/bringing-exfat-to-aros/ standalone version] as well as the fuse based one 

The only filesystems that really NEED defragging (i.e. disk tidy up) are from Microsoft(TM) - exFAT/VFAT/NTFS
*SFS tries to do exactly the same thing, but in certain cases it doesn't do as well as PFS. But you can defrag SFS 
*PFS *minimises* the amount of fragmentation, but does not automatically defrags as it saves files to the drive 

The setup of the below filesystems is usually done by the distro maintainer but if not....
&lt;pre&gt;
Copy L/exfat-handler L:

DOSDriver or Mountlist entry for an exFAT partition make sure that the FileSystem and Handler are set as follows:

FileSystem     = exfat-handler
DosType        = 0x46415458
&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;pre&gt;
Copy L/ntfs3g-handler L:

DOSDriver or Mountlist entry for an NTFS partition make sure that the FileSystem and Handler are set as follows:

FileSystem     = ntfs3g-handler
DosType        = 0x4e544653

Also to make a read-only mount you can set:

Control        = ro
&lt;/pre&gt;


The Smart File System (SFS) is a journaling filesystem used on Amiga computers and AmigaOS-derived operating systems. It is designed for performance, scalability and integrity, offering improvements over standard Amiga filesystems as well as some special or unique features.  

SFS is written in C and was originally created and released as freeware in 1998 by John Hendrikx. After the original author left the Amiga scene in 2000, the source code to SFS was released and its development continued by Ralph Schmidt in MorphOS. 

Its development has now forked; as well as the original Amiga version, there are now versions for MorphOS, AROS, AmigaOS 3, and a version for AmigaOS 4, which have different feature sets but remain compatible to each other.  Versions for AROS, AmigaOS and MorphOS are based on different branches.  

In addition, there is a driver for Linux to read Amiga SFS volumes, GRUB natively supports it and there are free drivers to use it from UEFI.  The Linux version is [http://home.elka.pw.edu.pl/~mszyprow/programy/asfs/ independent code].  

SFS (Smart File System) partially defragments itself while the filesystem is in use. The defragmentation process is almost completely stateless 

AROS SFS version has a 120GB partition size limit on hard disks and DVDs current 4gig size limit. 
The sources for the MorphOS 64-bit version of SFS were available but no porting to AROS has happened so far due to endian issues, etc. 

SFS Tools 
* GUI - arSFSDoctor, 
* CLI - sfscheck , [http://www.portacall.org/ sfsundelete], sfsformat, setcache hits a usability ceiling around the 10GB / 100,000 file mark, 

 sfscheck dh0: seek purge fraglist defragment

If there are two simultaneous file writes in progress and you reboot machine (or it locks up or crashes) you may end up with a corrupted filesystem. Although arSFSDoctor may help, you might have to copy the files to another partition, format the partition with the errors on and copy the files back. 


 FileSystem     = pfs3-handler
 DosType        = 0x50465303 

 Max Transfers  = 0x1fe00 

PFS handler v19.1 is way more advanced and much much faster than the FFS. FFS is supported for legacy reasons only. 
The Professional File System (PFS) is a filesystem originally developed commercially for the Amiga and now distributed on Aminet with a 4-clause BSD license. It is a compatible successor of AmiFileSafe (AFS), with an emphasis on added reliability and speed compared to standard 1980s Amiga filesystems.  It also features multi-user abilities like the older MuFS. 

PFS has so many advantages including the important things, speed, the ability to recover all deleted files even simply same name by typing the command &quot;. Deldir&quot; convenient if done in Directory Opus, virtually deleted files are copied normally as if they had never been deleted, other convenience is to not ever invalidate the filesystem, just put it on top of the startup-sequence command &quot;diskvalid&quot;, which automatically corrects any irregularities in the system startup; PFS also provides a device for floppy which makes them very fast and takes advantage of the full capacity of the floppy including the area dedicated to the bootloader.

The device is split into two main areas. At the beginning of the device is the metadata section, which consists of a root block, and a generic array of blocks that can be allocated to store metadata. The rest of the device is another contiguous generic array of blocks that can be allocated to store data. The metadata section usually uses a few percent of the device, depending on the size of the device.

The metadata is stored as a tree of single blocks in the metadata section. The entire directory structure is recorded in the metadata, so the data section purely contains data from files. The metadata describes the location of data in files with extents of blocks, which makes the metadata quite compact.   

When a metadata update occurs, the system looks at the block containing the metadata to be changed, and copies it to a newly allocated block from the metadata section, with the change made, then it recursively changes the metadata in the block that points to that block in the same way. This way, eventually the root block needs to be changed, which causes the atomic metadata update.   

The filesystem is reasonably good at keeping files unfragmented, although there is a defragmentation tool available which will work on an online filesystem ie whilst being used. 

It was the first filesystem to introduce the concept of the Recycle Bin natively at filesystem-level to the Amiga, holding the last few deleted files in a hidden directory on the disk root.  

PFS version 5.3 was developed in C and a small portion of assembly code by Michiel Pelt.  There are endian issues to be overcome and adapting the small amount of m68k to C before use on intel based machines, etc. [https://github.com/tonioni/pfsdoctor PFSdoctor], PFSUND and PFSSalv might be used to check the filesystem. 


Autoupdate of files in a directory is already implemented in Wanderer, but not all file systems handle dos.library/StartNotify() in its full extent. It seems to work correctly in Ram Disk (thanks to AmberRAM handler), and it also works on SFS formatted devices. Other file systems might not yet have it implemented correctly though. 

The PC equivalent of the Amiga's RDB is the master boot record (MBR).


===Installing Applications===

The typical means to install applications under AROS/AmigaOS involves simply copying/extracting the archive (.zip .lha .rar .tar.gz) file containing the applications files to your own desired location i.e. drawer/folder. Once extracted, launching it by double clicking on an icon (recommended) or using the shell (alternative). Generally, this is on a separate partition from your AROS system files, however in reality it can be any location - including RAM: if you don't want it staying around too long especially when you switch off. 

At some time in the future it may be desirable for AROS to have a package-manager like subsystem able to retrieve information online about packages available for AROS and whether they update anything you currently have installed, however at the moment no such ability exists.


===User Data files===

AmigaOS has no notion of a default location to store user data files, and presently neither does AROS - though it may be desirable at some time to provide a common start location.

Some people, have extra small FAT32 partition(s) using HDToolbox, and not Qparted, to store data especially if a reinstall is ever needed. And then setup the usual Sys: (DH0:) and maybe Work: (DH1:) / Live USB (DU0:) and maybe Briefcase (DU1:) partitions. 


===User Environment configuration files===

AmigaOS/AROS stores persistent system configuration data in directory assigned to ENVARC:.  This, by default, points to SYS:Prefs/EnvArc.

During boot a copy is made to another assign, ENV:, which is for runtime usage.  Changes to the files here will not survive a reboot.

Setting the env variables is generally done by applications themselves, or when necessary by the user using the SetEnv command. SetEnv has a SAVE switch to force the persistent copy in ENVARC: to be written also for when you are sure the change should be permanent.

Under the standard installation of AmigaOS style OSs, ENVARC: is copied to ENV: upon startup, which, if you have a hard drive installation, is in RAM:, hence, ENV: ends up being RAM:Env.

ENVARC: is the Environment Archive, which is the permanent copy of ENV:, which is the Environment.  It's roughly like the Registry in Windoze. 

Most programs do (and all should) store their settings in ENVARC: somewhere, and load them from ENV:.  The effect of this can be seen in the Preference editors.  If you Save your preferences, they go in ENVARC: and ENV:.  If you click Use, they only go in ENV:.  If you reboot, normally, anything saved to ENV: is lost, and is replaced with a copy of what is in ENVARC:.

you can set the default public screen for any tool started from a cli with the PUBSCREEN variable. So open the pubscreen, set PUBSCREEN to the name and start newcli for example, then the new cli window (and all following windows opened from that window) will appear on that public screen.


===Drivers===

For certain hardware, e.g audio, networking and , there is no auto setup. Just like the original Amiga OS. 
For audio, use AHI in the Prefs folder to set Music and at least Unit 0 with the appropriate driver and press Save. For ethernet and wifi, please use SYS:Prefs/Network 

All hardware support is placed in the Devs drawer (folder/directory). The network drivers &lt;something.device&gt; go in the Networks sub-drawer. Audio drivers &lt;something.audio&gt; are put in the AHI sub-drawer. Graphics drivers &lt;something.hidd&gt; are put in the Drivers sub-drawer. 


==Configuring==

AROS has mainly decided on a MUI-like requester&amp;menu clone called Zune so changing the background, icons, font, menus can be done with SYS:Prefs/Zune 

AROS has several desktop GUI front ends like 
* DOpus5 Magellan II, Wanderer and Scalos (medium) 
* AROS Workbench, Workbook (smaller) 

File / Directory managers like Dopus4, MCAmiga, 

App Launch Shortcuts like FKey, BoingIconBar, right mouse click on magellan, wanderer desktop, Amistart, etc. 

General usability decisions - Prefs/IControl, Prefs/Locale, Prefs/Input, Prefs/Fonts, 


Select an icon with left mouse button and then right click the mouse button and selecting Icon -&gt; Information gains access to the tooltypes tab where information can be edited 

CLI in icon's tooltypes means 'run it as if it was run from shell'
If, on the other hand, the WB parameter (or no parameter) is present in Tooltypes, Wanderer will execute the binary and, if provided, the options included in Tooltypes. 

WBxCLI is very useful for adding options to DOS Commands.

Important: AROS has a different way of managing icons. If you have an executable file, you will never be able to add a project icon. AROS will automatically recognise that it is an executable file and will transform the icon into a tool icon.


Icons are typically now .png pictures renamed as .info e.g. so Office application name would have a Office.png renamed as Office.info or MyApp.png as MyApp.info, etc.  

Leave Out menu option to leave app icon on desktop 

To select multiple icons and save their positions, click on the first icon and after while you hold the Shift key down select further icons and don't release it before SnapShot is finished.  You can also select a whole group of icons by pressing the LMB at the top left of the icons and while keeping the LMB down moving the power towards the bottom right. A expanding bounding box will appear and all the icons within it will be selected.  

Clean Up menu option (right mouse button -&gt; Icons) rearranges icons in a drawer or disk window into a neater condition. To use, open the window to rearrange and select Clean Up. To keep the icons in the new positions, select all the icons (shift key or mouse selection) and select 'Snapshot' and then Window and then again with All.  

In DOpus5, Scalos, wanderer, most files have an icon file associated with it. To change the default tool, select Icon menu, Information, and change the default tool string. For example, you could use Multiview, Editor and so on for most text, graphics and some sound files as long as the appropriate Datatype classes are installed. For scripts, set the tool to C:IconX 


We have new Icon edit tools in progress but if you need to...
 C:Join Image1.png Image2.png TO MyFile.info
is enough to make a dual state icon from two png images. You can then use Wanderer's menu Icon/Information on it to edit its fields and tooltypes.

[https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=graphics/icon AISS toolbar images] unpack unarc them into RAM: and copy Images directory to SYS:Prefs/Presets/  AISS icons are looked for in PROGDIR:, PROGDIR:Images, SYS:Prefs/Presets/Images and then in TBImages: according to Open Amiga guidelines.  

there is Demos/iconscale which could be launched from S:User-Startup with two arguments, telling it the horizontal and vertical size. IE something like 
 Demos/iconscale 40 40
It will shrink icons... not sure if it will be very nice though. it doesn't work for the icons on the main desktop. 

there is an option to scale an icon to a bounding box afair, try iconsize followed by two numbers, like:
 iconsize 32 32

Is there any way in AROS to change an icon type from Project to Tool or vice versa?
Either the SIT option of [ ProcessIcon], or the TYPE option of HandleInfo (not sure if this one works at all, please test with care).
 processicon sys:pathoftheicon SIT=Project 

SIT Set type of ICON. Allowed types are: &quot;Disk&quot;, &quot;Drawer&quot;, &quot;Tool&quot;,  &quot;Project&quot;, &quot;Garbage&quot;, &quot;Device&quot;, &quot;Kick&quot; and &quot;AppIcon&quot;.

Btw, are your icons, the #?.info files, writable, is the W flag set ?


'''Decoration''' is Aros' way to provides a way to hide the old Workbench 3.1 style of windows and screens. In Prefs/Appearance some decorative theming elements need work 

Themes - SYS:Prefs -&gt; Appearance 
The default content of Prefs/Env-Archive/SYS/themes.var should be &quot;themes:ice&quot; but can be changed via the Appearance prefs, please do NOT click the Use button. Its useless. As you know, it will ask for the theme volume. Just pick the theme you want, click on Save, then reboot. 

* Decoration is on. Any time trying to change theme, you get: &quot;Please insert volume Theme: in any drive&quot;? 
You could check if you find SYS:System/Themes or if it is missing. Then you could open startup-sequence which you can find in drawer &quot;S&quot;. There should be a line: 
 Assign THEMES: SYS:SYSTEM/THEMES &gt;Nil: 
This does the trick. 
Open a shell and run: 
 Assign THEMES: SYS:SYSTEM/THEMES 
Than start the Theme prefs again... this should work 

* The theme is the only thing that could slow the system a bit, but it's not that performance impacting on most uses, and you can switch it off completely. Remove C:Decoration from the bottom of the file sys:s/startup-sequence. 

In each theme directory is 
*Env-Archive -&gt; Zune -&gt; global.prefs
*images -&gt; Gadgets -&gt; 20x20 pngs for Down etc 
*menu -AmigaKey - Background - Checkmark - SubMenu and config
*system - Arrowdown, Arrowleft, Arrowright, Arrowup, etc 


There is an [https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=graphics/theme ALua/Zulu script] built for faster Wanderer skin management. You can modify config files, install new (wdz format/zipped skin files) and delete skins via the Theme Manager. This has not been updated in a long time and may not work. 


Certain features are added if from Tools/Commodities like Blanker screensaver, ClickToFront and DepthMenu with .info icons are selected and dragged to /WBStartup folder 

Most apps can be autostarted by copying into SYS:WBStartup directory folder 
e.g. WeatherBar.zip can be downloaded, unzip and the contents of the zip copied to wbstartup folder 
 ClicktoFront and .info to SYS:WBStartup so always be activated when turning on the computer 

or add a text line to user-startup is SYS:S (scripts version of wbstartup) 

e.g. standard Amiga / AROS does not allow clicking of background windows to come to the front to make it easy to get to the window you need but it has the ability if these apps are copied again to WBStartUp or are added to SYS:S/user-startup script 

 run QUIET sys:Tools/Commodities/ClickToFront &gt;Nil: 
 run QUIET sys:Tools/Commodities/DepthMenu &gt;Nil: 
 run QUIET sys:Tools/Commodities/Blanker seconds=300 &gt;Nil: 


Exchange controls Commodities and can be opened with alt, ctrl, h 

*AltKeyQ uses left Alt key to add strange letters 
*AutoPoint 
*Blanker screensaver 
*ClickToFront allows windows to be easily brought to the front 
*DepthMenu adds menu to select window easily 
*NoCapsKey
*Opaque 
*FKey - Although there are heaps of docks, menus and other launcher programs on the Amiga like OSs, FKey has got to be one of the quickest once learnt ways to launch programs, and it comes with the OS. In SYS:Tools/Commodities, the FKey commodity (Ctrl Alt F) allows you to make actions assigned to some combinations of keys 

&lt;pre&gt;
ALT TAB       Cycle Windows
              Cycle Screens
              Enlarge Window
              Shrink Window
              Toggle Window Size
              Insert Text
              Run Program
              Run Arexx Script
&lt;/pre&gt;

e.g.
&lt;pre&gt;
LAmiga F1               = Avail Flush
LAmiga F2               = Open Prefs
LAmiga F3               = Finder
Alt Tab                 = Cycle Windows
LAmiga Tab or M         = Cycle Screens
Alt Up arrow            = Enlarge Window 
Alt Down arrow          = Shrink Window
Alt Home                = Toggle Window Size 
                        = Insert Text             
LAmiga e                = Run Program             
                        = Run Arexx Script        
&lt;/pre&gt;

If your FKey GUI pops up when you start your Workbench up and you don't want it to, click once on the icon, go to the Icons-Information in the menu and make sure it has the tooltype set &quot;CX_POPUP=NO&quot;. 

Now let's launch it and assign the locale switching. After you double-click on FKey icon, launch the Exchange, choose the FKey from list and click the Show button. This will invoke the FKey window. You can see the ALT TAB in list assigned to window switching. Now enter the first key combination, say, ALT Z and go to the right panel. Choose Launch the program from pulldown menu and enter SYS:Prefs/Input as an argument. Append the USE switch and english preset name to the string as shown:

SYS:Prefs/Input USE SYS:Prefs/Presets/english

Click on the New Button to add the another combination. Now set the combination for your locale as shown above, replacing English name with your preset name. Click New button again and then Save Settings. Now you can use defined combinations to switch the layouts.


There is a system wide ARexx script capability (based on regina) that can manage many file manipulation task(s) but this would work only with those program that support [https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Aros/Developer/Docs/Rexx ARexx] like 

*Desktop - DOpus5, Scalos 
*Dock - FKey, 
*Files - Multiview, DOpus4, 
*Internet Apps - Odyssey, WookieChat, 
*General Apps - 


the shell can be modified with escape strings but not needed in most cases 


 Common Keyboard Shortcuts

&lt;pre&gt;
RAlt Right Alt Key 
LAlt Left Alt Key 
RWinKey Right Windows Key 
LWinKey Left Windows Key 
RAmiga Right Amiga Key (if one)
LAmiga Left Amiga Key (if one)
&lt;/pre&gt;

;Bootup Options 
:Spacebar during boot, enters the bootmenu which allows a boot without startup sequence, etc  

;Left Click 
:LAmiga = LWinKey = F11 

;Right Click 
:RAmiga = Help = F12 

;Mark 
:RAmiga and B 

;Cut 
:RAmiga and X 

;Copy 
:RAmiga and C 

;Paste 
:RAmiga and V 

;Search 
:RAmiga and S 

;Mouse Movement 
LAmiga and together with arrow keys - shift as well at the same time as well to move faster 

;Mouse Selection 
LAmiga and LAlt to select 

;Screen Switching 
LAmiga and M or N 

;HELP key 
Can sometimes be mapped to F11 but can be changed via FKey 


ComKeyRemapper or AmigaKeyremapper could swap RAmiga to another key press 


===DOpus 5 Directory Opus Magellan II===

Dopus 5.x is a whole desktop replacement on the Amiga Workbench (Desktop). Please describe any replicable errors [https://github.com/BlitterStudio/dopus5/issues here] 

DirectoryOpus app '''will''' assign DOpus5: to it's PROGDIR: automatically but if not add the below (edit SYS:System to suit where Dopus5 was installed) to your startup-sequence 

&lt;pre&gt;
Assign DOpus5: SYS:System/DOpus5 
DOpus5:DirectoryOpus 
;DOpus5:C/LoadDB
&lt;/pre&gt;

Left mouse button clicked twice on the desktop background brings up the Device List window. 
Green strip notifies SRCE (source) and if another is open it will be red for DEST (destination). clicking on the red strip changes to green 

Word list of actions with a left mouse click on the DOWN Arrow and directory stuff with &lt; button which mirrors the icons at the top of each lister 

single-key hotkeys? exactly the same as in dopus4, edit your functions (button bank, toolbar, menus etc.) and under the flags gadget is a key gadget, just click in it and press the key you want to use.

As for the extra text field... try turning off Extended lister key selection in environment / miscellaneous.

Shift and click on the icon - runs the icon 


DOpus5 Magellan 2 Directory folder drawer structure 
&lt;pre&gt;
ARexx       - Arexx scripts .rexx and .dopus5 to perform tasks 
Buttons     - 
Commands    - 
Desktop     - 
Environment - two environment files bundled:
 default gets loaded if you run DOpus as a normal app
 workbench gets loaded if you run DOpus as a WB Replacement (with LoadDB on startup)
Filetypes   - 
Groups      - 
Icons       - 
Images      - 
Modules     - compiled tasks 
Settings    - 
Sounds      - 
Themes      - 
WBStartup   - Use this if standard SYS:WBStartup gives cannot wait error messages 
&lt;/pre&gt;


Settings -&gt; Environment -&gt; Display -&gt; Workbench (Use) 


*Settings -&gt; Clock (add to title bar as well as the date) 

*Toolbar  -&gt; Editor (Right Win Key together with 1) for Copy, Move, Delete, etc above the Device List 
*Menu     -&gt;  (Right Win Key together with 2) 
*Buttons  -&gt; Editor (Right Win Key together with 3) 

*Settings         -&gt; Environment (Right Win key together with 4) for Backgrounds, etc 
*File Types       -&gt;  (Right Win key together with 5)
*User Menus       -&gt;  (Right Win key together with 6)
*Hotkeys          -&gt; Setup for quick shortcut keypresses (Right Win Key together with 7) 
*Scripts          -&gt;  (Right Win key together with 8)
*Icon Positioning -&gt;   (Right Win key together with 9)


Each Dopus5 theme are stored in a separate directory, named appropriately, which contains further sub directories 

* Font (amiga bitmap fonts)
* Screens (jpg or any picture supported by datatypes but not animations) 
* Sounds (wav but not iff 8svx ) 
* Icons (png newicons glowicons ) 
* Patterns (iff jpg png ) 


Just use wildcards in background filenames and you get a different picture every reboot 

For example, configure in Environment -&gt; Backgrounds -&gt; Desktop something like this:
&lt;pre&gt;
Work:Pictures/Backgrounds/#?
...or 
Work:Pictures/back#?.iff
...etc...
&lt;/pre&gt;


[https://aminet.net/util/dopus arcdir and themes]  


If you want to change the backdrop pic after a period of time, paste below into a text file called dopusrandbg.rexx and place in DOPus5:ARexx 

&lt;pre&gt;
/* Changes DOpus background image forever

   Start with:
   Run &gt;NIL: RX dopusrandbg.rexx 
*/

if ~show(&quot;L&quot;, &quot;rexxsupport.library&quot;) then do
	if ~addlib(&quot;rexxsupport.library&quot;, 0, -30,0) then exit 10
end

/* Configure these two lines for your needs: */
minutes=1
picpath=&quot;Work:Pics/#?.iff&quot;

address DOPUS.1

do forever
	call delay 3000*minutes
	dopus set background '&quot;'picpath'&quot;' desktop center custom
	dopus refresh background custom
end
&lt;/pre&gt;


If you don't want to use/open rexxsupport.library just for DELAY() then use the DOS Wait command

&lt;pre&gt;
/* random diropus backdrop changer */
/* by paul trauth, 1999 */
/* to do: non-repeatable randomness? */

options results

parse arg path

address DOPUS.1

/* get current backdrop pattern so it actually changes */

dopus query background desktop custom
currentpatt=result
lastslash=lastpos('/',currentpatt)
currentpatt=substr(currentpatt,lastslash+1,(pos('&quot;',currentpatt,2)-lastslash-1))

dir=showdir(path,'FILE','/')
num=0
do while dir~=''
    where=pos('/',dir)
    if where&gt;0 then do
        file=left(dir,where-1)
        dir=right(dir,length(dir)-where)
    end
    else do
        file=dir
        dir=''
    end

    if left(file,1) ~='.' &amp; file~=currentpatt then
        do
            pics.num=file
            num=num+1
        end
end

which=random(0,num-1,time(s))
newbg='&quot;'||path||'/'||pics.which||'&quot;'

dopus set background newbg desktop tile precision exact
dopus set background on
dopus refresh background
&lt;/pre&gt;


Clock format commands available are defined by locale. They are:
&lt;pre&gt;
 %a - abbreviated weekday name
 %A - weekday name
 %b - abbreviated month name
 %B - month name
 %c - same as &quot;%a %b %d %H:%M:%S %Y&quot;
 %d - day number with leading 0s
 %D - same as &quot;%m/%d/%y&quot;
 %e - day number with leading spaces
 %h - abbreviated month name
 %H - hour using 24-hour style with leading 0s
 %I - hour using 12-hour style with leading 0s
 %j - julian date
 %m - month number with leading 0s
 %M - the number of minutes with leading 0s
 %p - AM or PM strings
 %q - hour using 24-hour style
 %Q - hour using 12-hour style
 %r - same as &quot;%I:%M:%S %p&quot;
 %R - same as &quot;%H:%M&quot;
 %S - number of seconds with leadings 0s
 %T - same as &quot;%H:%M:%S&quot;
 %U - week number, taking Sunday as first day of week
 %w - weekday number
 %W - week number, taking Monday as first day of week
 %x - same as &quot;%m/%d/%y&quot;
 %X - same as &quot;%H:%M:%S&quot;
 %y - year using two digits with leading 0s
 %Y - year using four digits with leading 0s
&lt;/pre&gt;
like %a %d-%b-%y %H:%M or 


A WB ARexx interface, you could enter a cli command as a menu item to open a WB drawer like this...
 RX &quot;address WORKBENCH;WINDOW 'device:drawer' OPEN&quot;
Where device:drawer is replaced by the path of the drawer to open. 

The ARexx script would be capable to manage such a task but this would work only with those program that support ARexx 

&lt;pre&gt;
dopus addappicon
dopus addtrap
dopus back
dopus checkdesktop
dopus clear
dopus command
dopus desktoppopup
dopus error
dopus front
dopus getdesktop
dopus getfiletype
dopus getstring
dopus matchdesktop
dopus progress
dopus query background, font, palette, pens
dopus read
dopus refresh all, background, icons, lister
dopus remappicon
dopus remtrap
dopus request
dopus script
dopus screen
dopus send
dopus set background, font, palette, pens
dopus setappicon
dopus version
&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;pre&gt;
lister add
lister addstem
lister copy
lister clear value
lister clearcaches
lister close
lister empty
lister findcache
lister getstring
lister iconify
lister new
lister query active all, dest source
lister query abort, busy, case, dirs, display, entries, entry, files, flags, handler, header, hide 
lister query label, lock, mode, namelength, numdirs, numentries, numfiles, numseldirs, numselfiles
lister query path, proc, position, seldirs, selentries, selfiles, separate, show, sort, 
lister query title, toolbar, value, visible, window
lister read
lister refresh
lister reload
lister remove
lister request
lister set busy, case, dest, display, field, flags, handler, header, hide, label, lock, mode
lister set namelength, newprogress, off, path, position, progress, separate, show, sort, source
lister set title, toolbar, value, variable
lister select
lister wait
&lt;/pre&gt;

The '''command''' allows you to call internal DOpus commands from an ARexx script

&lt;pre&gt;
command all
command wait copy
command read s:startup-sequence
command source 12345 makedir name noicon
&lt;/pre&gt;


*SFTP secure encrypted comms over internet using libssh2 and zlib (different protocol to the two below) on port 22 
*FTPS secured with https like security on port 21 
*FTP not secure and unencrypted protocol over internet on port 21 (should not be used today on the internet but for your own server) 


===Wanderer ===


Wanderer prefs in the prefs drawer - Appearance tab and Workbench icon allows backgrounds (wallpapers) icon text sizes, colors, etc but cannot use #? or *.* in the backgrounds file entry to randomly choose pictures - [https://developers.google.com/speed/webp/docs/riff_container webp riff container] issues with this format but Multiview has none. 

Enable the bar, you need to edit the text file ‘statusbar.prefs’. The change is simple: just change “False” to ‘True’.

Prefs/Env-Archive/SYS/Wanderer/statusbar.prefs 


===Scalos===

[https://web.archive.org/web/20180922220139/http://scalos.noname.fr/ Scalos] is not an OS replacement, it's a Workbench replacement. It replaces the desktop and graphical file management components. 

Scalos is 100% Workbench replacement with most functions working like the original Workbench ones. Undo and Redo available for most window and icon operations. Fully multitasking so every window has its own task. While loading icons, any window function (e.g. Drag&amp;Drop) is available. 

24bit color support with window patterns - Unlimited and easily configurable via tooltypes. Optimised backgroundpatterns routine so patterns can be tiled, centred or even scaled to fit into the windows. Live updating window scrolling - Supports middle mouse button panning and drawer (folder) windows can be iconified on the desktop. 

Icon imagetypes with all types are supported such as backfill or complement. Configurable surrounding iconborder. Icon support also visually highlights files which are soft-links in the file system. Icon dragging is more stable and far less flickery on graphics cards. Whilst dragging, icons are displayed with text and they can become transparent over anything where they can be dropped. 

Single-window lasso mode, with scrolling window contents invoked by dragging mouse with configurable qualifier key. Text icon lasso selection used to ignore &quot;Name column selects text icons&quot; flag. Support for backfilled thumbnail icons, with selectable color and transparency. Added option to always generate square thumbnail icons with preview icons for images - Thumbnails can be permanently saved in icons. 

Supports PNG icons with alpha channel and real transparency and displays OS3.5 GlowIcons and are all scalable. Iconborders with variations (normal, shadowed, outlined). 

Completely configurable, filetype-specific user-definable popup menus and tooltips. Plugin system to exchange or add features and can enhance the Workbench and make it more configurable. 

Filetype plugins to display filetype-specific information. - Currently, EXIF information viewer for JPEG images is included. Plugin included for 100% support of OS3.9 Workbench features. Plugin included for AREXX API compatible to OS3.9 Workbench. 

Online update with updater.module


Scalos works also as a Workbench replacement. In this case the 'emulation mode' has to be set by using Scalos' own version of LoadWB and offers 
* Scalos uses the Workbench Screen for its windows instead opening a new one 
* AppIcon, AppMenuItem, AppWindow functions are redirected to Scalos
* all Programs placed in &quot;WBStartup&quot; should start 
* The Screen will be reopened in case of changes in ScreenMode and Palette settings


&lt;pre&gt;
v1.0 (V39.201) - November 1999
v1.1 (V39.212) - December 1999
v1.2b (39.220) - June 6, 2000
v1.2d (39.222) - 2000 (latest public beta executable)
v1.3 (40.7) (beta) - August 2, 2001
v1.3 (40.22) - September 25, 2002
v1.4 (40.32) (beta) March 31, 2005
v1.6 (41.4) - March 27, 2007
v1.7 (41.5) - August 12, 2007
v1.8 (41.6) - March 12, 2009
v1.9 (41.7) (beta) - March 15, 2010
v1.9 (41.8) (RC1) - August 25, 2012 open source 
v1.9.2 (41.10) Deadwoods' AROS late 2022 32bit and 64bit build unifying the code base of ` for AROS x86 ABIv0, AROS x86_64 ABIv11 and AROS m68k  
&lt;/pre&gt;


Distros may have Scalos files under SYS:System/Scalos or Extras:Scalos. Known [https://github.com/deadwood2/AROS/issues/75 bug list], 


 Certain files like Menu13.prefs, Palette13.prefs, Pattern.prefs and scalos.prefs need to be in SYS:Prefs/Env-Archive/Scalos they can be found in Scalos:Storage/envarc and country drawer 

or run the &quot;Scalos Menu&quot; preferences program. Note if already setup with sub-menu entries and then re-save your menu prefs as it will now generate a new/overwrite prefs file called &quot;Menu13.prefs&quot; in &quot;envarc:scalos/&quot;. The same is also required for the new Palette prefs update, click 'Save' and a &quot;Palette13.prefs&quot; file will be saved in to &quot;envarc:scalos/&quot; directory. 


&lt;pre&gt;
ASSIGN Scalos:             SYS:xxx/xxx DEFER   
ASSIGN Libs:               Scalos:Libs add    
;ASSIGN SYS:Devs/Datatypes  Scalos:Devs/Datatypes   add  
Assign Theme:              Scalos:Themes/Default_Theme add 
Assign Locale:             Scalos:Locale add 

Protect Scalos:Tools/browse.script s add quiet 
Protect Scalos:Tools/OpenShell s add quiet 
Protect Scalos:Tools/run.script s add quiet 

run Scalos:Tools/LoadWB 
;Scalos:Scalos
&lt;/pre&gt;

Add the above to SYS:S/startup-sequence or SYS:S/user-startup '''before any Wanderer entries''' 


In the prefs drawer (folder) is the big prefs app Scalos_Prefs which covers these user setup areas 
&lt;pre&gt;
About Scalos
Paths               - should be preset 
Startup             - WBStartup drawer contents should auto run on each startup 
Desktop             - edit titlebar, icon layout and in misc, auto leave-out (drag icon to desktop) 
Icons               - 
Drag and Drop       - 
Windows             -
Text Windows        -   in misc, drawer sorting at start of listing if needed 
TrueType Fonts      - use Truetype fonts rather than system ones 
Miscellaneous       - 

Plugins             - after adding oop/title_clock.plugin %ti %da does not work, maybe needs ASCII .prefs added 
Modules             - ??
Menu                - setup for MainMenu and PopupsMenu with New Menu, RE Name, Key: shortcut, Command Properties 
FileTypes           - already added def_Project icons and def_Disk (hdd sdd cd dvd etc) support 
PopupMenu           - tweak how popups appear 
Pattern             - Wallpaper backgrounds with Type DE, each pattern in the list can be edited, Save as Pattern.pre 
Palette             - change the color of things , Save as Palette.pre 
&lt;/pre&gt;


Scalos_Prefs - Pattern - Minimum options to be changed are 
*DE Desktop/Background 
*SC Screen 
*TW Window/TextBackground ie Text listing showing if icon type not recognised 
*IW Window/Background ie Icons showing 

 Workflow - In &quot;Pattern List&quot; tab, select New - choose a picture, highlight in list, click in number box under New button and slide to another number, click on &quot;Defaults&quot; tab and adjust Pattern numbers slider to choose right picture for each of the above options - Click &quot;Pattern List&quot; tab to check eveything is OK and click Save 

Pattern List tab on Patterns Page - Allows you to compile a list of pictures (one at a time rather than a whole folder e.g. with #? or *.*), assigning a number Nr to one or more of them for easy reference. Using this number you will be able to assign the pictures to specific windows on the Defaults tab Page. If multiple pictures have the same number, one of the pictures will be chosen randomly. This will allow you to have random desktop pictures, random window backdrops etc. 

Defaults tab on Patterns Page - Here you can set the defaults for the background pictures for the Desktop, Screen, Window and/or Text Mode throughout Scalos. 
Randomize every time [check box] - Usually Pictures with the same number will be randomly selected as soon as the configuration loads. If this option is set, the picture will be selected as soon as a window with the same number assignment is opened. 

*Fit size: The picture will be resized to the dimension of the new window.You *MUST* have set GUIGfx on. asyncron layout: Pictures will be loaded and rendered while the windows opens (Like original Workbench). If this function is 'off', pictures will always be loaded before opening the windows. 
*Use friendbitmap : The picture is present twice in memory for best speed. This option has no effect if V43 picture.datatype or GUIGfx are used. Always relayout: If &quot;Fit size&quot; is set, the picture will be scaled everytime the window's dimensions change.
*Randomize everytime: Usually Pictures with the same number will be randomly selected as soon as the If more pictures have the same number, one of them will be chosen randomly. 

Patternlist New/Delete : Add a new picture. After that you should assign a number to it. The picture will be rendered as tiles. configuration loads. If this option is set, the picture

Asyncron-Task priority: You can set the CPU priority for the Task if &quot;asyncron layout&quot; is set. 
&lt;pre&gt;
Desktop: Number of the Picture for the main window.
Screen: Number of the picture for the Scalos-Screen.
Window: Number of the picture for the Scalos-windows.
TextMode: Number of the picture for the Scalos-windows in Text Mode.
&lt;/pre&gt;


Popup Menu preferences fully configurable menus (includes ToolsDaemon and ParM launch apps import), including support for context-sensitive Popup menus configs for top pull down menus for apps, etc. 

 Workflow - Scalos_Prefs then Menu, New Item, New Command add name at top then in Command Properties e.g. add Workbench and location e.g. DOpus:DOpus4 for apps  Command for c apps or Rexx for scripts or Plugin for  or AmigaDos for modules 

&lt;pre&gt;
DESCRIPTION	NAME/A      This is the title that is displayed in the top line of any popup menu  
INCLUDE NAME/A          Name of file to be included. Path can be relative to &quot;Scalos:FileTypes&quot; 

POPUPMENU      Starts the popup menu description section for this filetype.
&lt;/pre&gt;

The following Subcommands are allowed inside popup menus:
&lt;pre&gt;
SUBMENU &quot;NAME/A&quot;
ENDSUBMENU 


MENUENTRY &quot;NAME/A,KEY/K,DEFAULTACTION/S&quot;
ENDMENUENTRY 

INTERNALCMD	&quot;NAME/A&quot;
WBCMD &quot;NAME/A,STACK/K/N,WBARGS/S,PRI=PRIORITY/K/N&quot;
AREXXCMD &quot;NAME/A,STACK/K/N,WBARGS/S,P=PRIORITY/K/N&quot;
CLICMD &quot;NAME/A,STACK/K/N,WBARGS/S,P=PRIORITY/K/N&quot;

ICONWINDOWCMD &quot;NAME/A&quot;

PLUGINCMD
MENUSEPARATOR

ENDPOPUPMENU

TOOLTIP 
ENDTOOLTIP
&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;pre&gt;
Starts the tooltip description section for this filetype. The following Subcommands are allowed inside popup menus:

GROUP &quot;ORIENTATION/K&quot;
ENDGROUP  
MEMBER &quot;HIDE/K&quot;
ENDMEMBER  

HBAR 
STRING &quot;ID/K,TEXT/K,SRC/K,TEXTPEN/K,HALIGN/K,STYLE/K,FONT/K,VALIGN/K&quot;
SPACE &quot;SIZE/N/A&quot;

DTIMAGE &quot;FILENAME/A&quot;
&lt;/pre&gt;


Each theme drawer (folder) has these further folders 
&lt;pre&gt;
About            - 
Desktop          - 
FileTrans        - 
FileType         - 
Icons            - 
Menu             - 
Modules          - 
PointerIcons     - 
Prefs            - 
Sound            - 
Window           - 
&lt;/pre&gt;


*Plugins
&lt;pre&gt;
devicefilter.plugin       
persist.plugin            should a crash or reboot occur - next time Scalos started, all windows re-opened 
title_clock.plugin        add digital clock to title see more below 
title_envvar.plugin       %ev, which can be used to display the value (a string) of the variable in the titlebar 
title_freepens.plugin     
volumegauge.plugin        
wb39.plugin               
wbrexx.plugin             plugin adds a Workbench 3.5+ compatible AREXX interface to Scalos internals 
xtwindows.plugin          left or right ALT or left or right SHIFT keys when open/close windows 
filetype.plugin           then run FileTypes-prefs and customize the filetypes (eg import from a DefIcons-brainfile) 
menu.plugin               
&lt;/pre&gt;


*Modules - delete, empty_trashcan, execute, find, format_disk, information, iconproperties, newdrawer, reboot, rename, systeminfo, windowproperties 


*Tools - scripts like LoadWB, quit.rexx, open_volume.rexx, 


In Scalos_Prefs-&gt;Filetype-&gt;Recognition  you can define the filetypes and on &quot;Action&quot; you define specific context menu for all filetypes defined in recognition (similar to magellan)
there is the same you must show all first (list is only limited) so you created a file type AAABBB, you need to have def_AAABBB icon 

Associating files with &quot;Scalos_FileTypes&quot; is very simple, practically it is very similar to Dopus4, first you create the Def_icons to assign to the file type (will be seen automatically ), then run &quot;Scalos_FileTypes&quot; you add the extension, fill in the descriptor (MATCH or PATTERN etc..) and save 

then you create an appropriate entry in the list and rename it, if def icon exists it is shown. Below you can define how files are identified. Use &quot;pattern&quot;, similar to magellan to identify file by ending. Then you click on the shown icon and define in it what program is used when you double-klick on it and save it. On the tab action you can define popup menu for it. 

defined all archive types from XAD in &quot;filetypes&quot;. If you change to &quot;action&quot; and click on &quot;archive&quot; you can define the context menu that is shown if you do not define a specific context menu for a filetype


Reset to Default in Scalos_Prefs resets all settings so '''BEWARE''' 


&lt;pre&gt;
The Scalos desktop screen titlebar may be configured using the main Scalos Preference program. This oop/time_clock plugin adds some additional placeholders:

    %ti, displays the current time in the default Locale format. e.g. &quot;10:43:37&quot;
    %da, displays the date in the default Locale format. e.g. &quot;Saturday 14 July 2001&quot;

Using the supplied prefs program for the plugin, or editing the ASCII file ENVARC:Scalos/title_clock.prefs you can use the following standard Amiga Locale values to change the formatting 

    %a - abbreviated weekday name
    %A - weekday name
    %b - abbreviated month name
    %B - month name
    %c - same as &quot;%a %b %d %H:%M:%S %Y&quot;
    %C - same as &quot;%a %b %e %T %Z %Y&quot;
    %d - day number with leading 0s
    %D - same as &quot;%m/%d/%y&quot;
    %e - day number with leading spaces
    %h - abbreviated month name
    %H - hour using 24-hour style with leading 0s
    %I - hour using 12-hour style with leading 0s
    %j - julian date
    %m - month number with leading 0s
    %M - the number of minutes with leading 0s
    %n - insert a linefeed
    %p - AM or PM strings
    %q - hour using 24-hour style
    %Q - hour using 12-hour style
    %r - same as &quot;%I:%M:%S %p&quot;
    %R - same as &quot;%H:%M&quot;
    %S - number of seconds with leadings 0s
    %t - insert a tab character
    %T - same as &quot;%H:%M:%S&quot;
    %U - week number, taking Sunday as first day of week
    %w - weekday number
    %W - week number, taking Monday as first day of week
    %x - same as &quot;%m/%d/%y&quot;
    %X - same as &quot;%H:%M:%S&quot;
    %y - year using two digits with leading 0s
    %Y - year using four digits with leading 0s

 like %d %m %y or %a %d %B %Y %p
&lt;/pre&gt;


Shutdown -&gt; right mouse button Scalos, About, Reboot, Shutdown 


ToolTypes can be added to the Scalos.info icon like 
*SCALOS_PATTERNNO=&lt;number&gt; : background image matching the number 
*SCALOS_NOTEXT : The Icon will be drawn without Text.
*SCALOS_NODRAG : The Icon will not be draggable. Its position will be fixed.
*Module iconproperties - Added SCALOS_BROWSERMODE tooltype support

runcommand parameters... in which case:
&lt;pre&gt;
%p = parameters
%w = directory path
%d = device-name
%% = literal percentage token
&lt;/pre&gt;


With the help of the wbrexx.plugin Scalos gains support for more of the compatible arexx API 

If an arexx command produces an error you will find the error code placed in the WORKBENCH.LASTERROR variable.

ACTIVATEWINDOW
&lt;pre&gt;
/* Activate the root window */
ADDRESS workbench
ACTIVATEWINDOW root

/* Activate the &quot;Work:&quot; partition's window if already open*/
ACTIVATEWINDOW &quot;Work:&quot;
&lt;/pre&gt;

CHANGEWINDOW
&lt;pre&gt;
/* Change the root window; move it to position 10,30. * and change its size to 200100 pixels */
ADDRESS workbench
CHANGEWINDOW root LEFTEDGE 10 TOPEDGE 30 WIDTH 200 HEIGHT 100

/* Change the currently active window */
CHANGEWINDOW active 20 40 200 100
&lt;/pre&gt;


Most of Scalos' issue are due to the flexibility of its' user configuring nature but if 


The sort menu plugin needs to be ported from ASM to C.

IIRC Scalos has a command line option to fully replace Workbench/Wanderer.

The Theme: assign is used by both Wanderer and Scalos but I didn't have any problems using both at the same time.


The Program will be started from the Shell.
If &quot;WB Args&quot; is set, with the Argument &quot;%p&quot; will be replaced by the path of the activated Icons. The Program will started with the specified Stack value.
IconWindow: Scalos opens the window of the specified path.


PlugIn: Starts a Scalos Menu-PlugIn.
If a Menu Item with empty name is specified, Scalos displays a separator line.
It's possible to Drag&amp;Drop an Icon in the Configuration Window. All values will be set accordingly. Entries may be dragged across the list.


Mac-like selection : This function activates a multiselection method used on MacOS or Win95. Don't have to hold down shift to drag them. Clicking on an already activated icon will
not deselect all other icons. 

MMB move: The window contents may be moved using the middle mouse button. 

WindowPopup title only: PopupMenu for windows can be opened only on window's title bars. 

FullBench: Screen-Titles removed and Main Window set Full Size. 
Scalos Prefs. Go to Settings-&gt;Scalos-&gt;Prefs and then the Misc section. Remove the tick against Full Bench. If you've enabled it, the titlebar will disappear when you select backdrop.


Default Icons saveable : The icons which Scalos generates if &quot;show all files&quot; is enabled, can now be saved
using &quot;snapshot&quot; menu option. load DefDisk first : Try to read the icons first from the DefIcons Path before using disk info. 


Hide hidden files : If this function is activated all files or directories where the &quot;hide&quot; flag is set will not be shown.

Many of my Icons display more than once on the screen, while on the workbench all seems ok.
The Workbench filters double displayed icons, Scalos does not. Solution: please edit the &quot;.backdrop&quot; file and clear double lines.

Background images not scaled. GUIGfx option not set or guigfx.library and/or render.library not installed.

If working with CD's causes crashs or Scalos doesn't work correctly.
Most Filesystems doesn't support the ExAll function correctly. Disable &quot;Use ExAll&quot; in Scalos prefs.

Scalos doesn't start any program in the WBStartup. WBStartup Path may be set wrongly or Scalos was not started in Emulation Mode (LoadWB etc) 
Some programs will not startup with error message &quot;has not returned, wait some more&quot;? and &quot;unable to open your tool&quot; 


need a def_icon with the same name predefined, then create an appropriate entry in the list and rename it, if def icon exists it is shown. Below this can define how files are identified. 
* either &quot;pattern&quot;, similar to magellan to identify file by ending
* or 
Then click on the shown icon and define in it what program is used when you double-click on it and save it. On the tab action you can define popup menu for it. All in all handling is of course different to magellan but can do similar 

For the RAM Icon, to obtain this you have only to copy the icon in the Icon Path as &quot;RAM.info&quot; or &quot;Ram Disk.info&quot;. All functions will automatically be performed 

sometimes cut into half or quarters when scrolled off screen or drawers moved - settings issue probably  

Sometimes leaves initial drawer window imprint on desktop when moved - settings issue 


Scalos AROS released a [https://github.com/deadwood2/contrib/tree/master/scalos new build V2022-07-21] with the following changes noted:
&lt;pre&gt;
Fixed:
    Numerous crashes when working on 64-bit with 64-bit heap
    Wrong background color of Scalos logo on Scalos splash window
    Backgroung image of Scalos splash window and Scalos About window is not visible
    Icon labels on desktop and in drawer windows are displayed using Topaz instead of Arial font
    Font.prefs are not being loaded on 64-bit
    Font.prefs are being wrongly saved on 64-bit
    scalos.prefs are not being loaded on x86 and x86_64, scalos is using always default preference
    scalos.prefs are being saved on x86 and x86_64 in format not compatible with m68k 
    NewPopupmenu.prefs is wrongly written
    Plugins are not loading at Scalos startup
    wbrexx.plugin is crashing at startup on 64-bit
    Multiple controls missing on Scalos Prefs/Icons page
    System crash when clicking on def icon image on FileTypes Prefs/Recognition page
    Status bar, control bar, buttons sometimes don't have images displayed
    Buttons in Scalos About window have white corners rendered where they should be transparent
    Crash when leaving out an icon
    Crash when adding a User-defined Button to Control bar without setting it's properties in Scalos Prefs
    Crash when removing any button from Control bar in Scalos Prefs
    Scalos Prefs allows editing TTEngine font properties when TTEngine is not present causing crash in Icons/Labels and Text Windows/Fonts pages
    deficons.prefs are not being loaded on x86 and x86_64
    Reset to default in FileType Prefs and Save does not save preferences

Won't fix:
    Scrollbars visible on titles of TrueType Fonts, PopupMenu, Menu, FileTypes, Pallette and Pattern pages of Scalos Preferences

Not fixed:
    Wrong rendering on DualPNG icons 
    Refreshing drawer windows is slow 
    Starting Prefs/Locale or Prefs/Input from Scalos causes other preferences to fail 
    Desktop wallpaper is damaged where Splay window was displayed 
    When started from Wanderer, after saving Scalos Prefs, reload does not re-open main Scalos window
    Difference in behavior between Cleanup from popup menu and Cleanup from top menu - possibly due to missing plugin, check Cleanup association in Menu Prefs
&lt;/pre&gt;


===DOpus 4 Directory Opus===

Copy DOpus4 app to WBStartup directory folder so it starts on boot up each time 

Another method is add the below to the bottom of the user-startup script in SYS:S drawer/directory 
&lt;pre&gt;
run DOPUS:DirectoryOpus -i &gt;NIL
&lt;/pre&gt;
makes DOpus starts up in Iconified state at the top of Wanderer's screen. Left click on this to highlight and right mouse click to open. 


Just click on the sides of either outer edges of DOpus windows and it will display the parent device/volume list. 


DOpus4 saves it features in a PROGDIR:s/DirectoryOpus.CFG file which can be edited to suit anyones' needs, '''C''' bottom right button in DOpus4 and by reading the [https://arosarchives.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=utility/filetool Dopus4 guide Manual and Arexx calls].

*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DCyXDs8baSE Pt1 Introduction] 
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7fiVmopiK9I Pt2 Dopus Config] 
*[] 
*[] 


*Button little rectangle with name inside
*Bank vertical stack of buttons 

 Buttons 
*Workbench app {f} i.e. first  use {F} for all selected items with app 
*AmigaDos  c type apps with arguments after 
*Arexx     
*Command   c type apps with no arguments after 

 Flags (most used)
*CD Destination to extract etc 
*Do all files
*Output window 
*Run asynchronously
*Workbench to front

*Buffer above 100000 for 64bit 


 Filetypes
Defines how certain files are handled like '''default tool''' 


 Screen
Fonts, set each element to any font 
Screenmode, Workbench Use (same screen like Windows), Workbench clone (like Linux workspaces) 

 System 
Shell startup, set to SYS:s/shell-startup 


===BoingIconBar===

User chooses the apps to add to the dock at the centre bottom of the screen but has to be done manually, please use Save afterwards 

Or easier edit the text file of SYS:Prefs/Env-Archive/iconbar.prefs and save 

&lt;pre&gt;
BOING_PREFS
;Tools
SYS:System/Shell 
SYS:Tools/DOpus4/DOpus4
SYS:Utilities/Editor
SYS:System/SysMon
SYS:System/Scout
Work:Extras/Internet/OWB/OWB
Work:Extras/Graphics/Lunapaint
Work:Extras/Graphics/ZunePaint
AROS:Tools/MPlayer/MPlayer
Extras:Internet/AmiFox/AmiFox
RAM Disk:Amelinium/Amelinium
&lt;/pre&gt;

right mouse click on bottom edge of screen where boingiconbar shows - select settings which opens BoingIconBar Preferences to add apps 

If no dock showing Add, to add apps click Add Program and search for the executable 

another method is to drag icons to ends of the bar and move them on the Bar using the Prefs/BoingIconBar 


===AmiStart===

On 32bit PCs only - auto generates the apps menu but scans the drive each time - AmiStart can choose apps you are not interested 

* how to disable annoying zune/mui 'bubbles'? 
try a right-click on AmiStart and release on Global settings. Then click on the bubbles gadget. Move the Show Bubbles slider all the way to the left.


===Fonts===

Install the #?.ttf files to SYS:Fonts/TrueType. Use SYS:System/FTManager to &quot;Install Font&quot; each #?.ttf file which will generate associated #?.otag and #?.font in SYS:Fonts. Use SYS:Prefs/Fonts to change system fonts and SYS:Prefs/Zune to change others. 

To achieve our goal we will use the Setup Locale, Input, Zune and Fonts, as well as The FTManager.

Begin

The first step you should do is to get the system to know that we speak and write in another language. What you need to do is to open the setup program and choose Locale country, and list &quot;preferred languages&quot; to put it first and then English. If you want the tab &quot;Time Zone&quot; and select city of residence to set the clock correctly. Of course we save our changes and continue opening the setup program Input. This sets the keyboard language as our beginning. When the language layout was created there was no option to switch to Aros keyboard (layout switching), so to write in the language you had to hold down Alt, something you encounter in other functions. This time working with the team of Aros to create a new keyboard layout to replace the old so we can get rid of the button Alt. For now though let only selected this layout and do not turn the switch on the keyboard.


Custom Keyboard Layout

[http://repo.or.cz/w/AROS.git/tree/HEAD:/workbench/devs/keymaps keymaps are in place but unfortunately when they are not, then indeed things become a bit 'low-level' as it involves redefining some tables with values that match your keyboards] 

only need to add your compiled table as new keymap. 

So taking a little peek here shows that it should be possible to compile using
 gcc -opc105_tr pc_105.c -nostdlib
where the pc105_gr/pc_105.c needs to be replaced with your own adjusted keymapname/c-file

[https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Enabling_Greek_Characters_on_Your_Keyboard General overview of Greek letters on keyboards] 


Installing fonts

*[http://aminet.net/package/util/wb/EPAGrWb System jaggy] 
*Outline resizable .font .otag 
In this step you need to download some fonts that can support the encoding in our system. The easiest way is to run the script &quot;Download Fonts&quot; you'll find in the folder OWB. This script downloads from the Internet, and unpacks some fonts for OWB web browser, which is placed under the folder Fonts:TrueType. But as these can only be used by OWB and not the system, which unfortunately does not see. To make them available to the rest of the system, open the program FTManager, you will find the folder AROS: System /. From there select the field &quot;Codepage&quot; option &quot;ISO-8859-7&quot; and list the font &quot;Arial&quot; and &quot;Regular&quot; form in which you must double-click with the mouse. In the window that appears, select the bottom right the checkbox &quot;Anti-aliasing&quot; button and then &quot;Install&quot;. Immediately folder Fonts: created files &quot;arialregular.font&quot; and &quot;arialregular.otag&quot;, which are necessary in order to see the system font. Do the same steps if you wish for other fonts.


Final stages 

After completing the above, open the folder AROS: Prefs / and run the program settings Fonts. In the new window, select the fields &quot;Icons&quot; and &quot;Screen&quot; as the font &quot;ArialRegular&quot; to the size you want. In the field &quot;System&quot; to give &quot;s_courier&quot;, which, however, because it is not True Type Font support Antialising, and may seem a little broken. You can also use the CourierNew, if you have installed the above procedure. After you save the changes and open the Zune program settings. In this set the &quot;ArialRegular&quot; font fields in tabs &quot;Windows&quot; and &quot;Groups&quot;, and save the changes. Reboot the system. To make sure that the above worked properly run NoWinED, which you will find under the folder AROS: Tools /. If that everything is working correctly you will see the menu and the settings window with Greek letters. You can also write in the language using the button Alt. Second program that you can try, which is fully localized, is WookieChat, which you will find in the folder AROS: Extras / Networking. And in this place all the menu and settings window works. 


===Windows===

*Intuition
The window you position and resize, you right click on that windows title bar and in the dropdown menu you snapshot from there.  Right click to show menu -&gt; Window -&gt; Snapshot Windows or All but it will NOT work if that folder has no icon (e.g. Disk.nfo) attached to it. You need a folder icon. The window information gets saved in it.  

As for maximising the window using a shortcut key - Alt and up arrow key 

The AROS-Shell windows can be moved, resized by editing sys:s/startup-sequence 

&lt;pre&gt;
; run shell
run QUIET c:newshell &gt;NIL:
&lt;/pre&gt;

; slimmer right aros the screen 
run QUIET c:newshell con:0/150//300/ &gt;NIL:

; top right corner scr-x scr-y win-x win-y
run QUIET c:newshell con:600/150//300/ &gt;NIL:


*EdgeSnap 

Commodity EdgeSnap allows resize and position windows on your screen by dragging them to the edges but not corners of the screen and/or other windows 

EdgeSnap Prefs (once pressed Use button) lets you arrange windows but not different applications in layouts half (left or right) or full size (top) and choose to adjust the border padding 

There is outline to show shape taken to aid placement and space available 


*Zune - AROS version of MUI
Magic Menu type functionality is implemented in IControl preferences editor: in the frame called Menus, switch type from Pull-Down to Pop-Up and/or iControl just tick the sticky menu option. 


Windows outside screens causing a problem either uncheck &quot;Offscreen move&quot; for windows in IControl prefs editor. Or use FKey commodity and define two key shortcuts: 

* the first using the command &quot;cycle windows&quot; (for example ALT TAB); 
* the second using the command &quot;rescue window&quot; (for example ALT F5). 

Now you can cycle windows until the one you want to rescue, and then &quot;rescue&quot; it: it will move back inside your screen. 


How to save the window size on wanderer (snapshot all, snapshot windows)

Same for icon position on wanderer, can't save the position. Icon position cannot be saved yet, but you should be able to save the window position and size. sys:prefs - wanderer icon has option to save window size on exit but just for dh0. To get saving working on (DH1: Extras:) partitions try deleting the dh1 disk.info file, then reboot. The system should create a new dh1 icon. 


* how to set up permanently 'view all files'?
As for viewing all files, removing disk.info for that disk did the job 

* how to list and kill processes (xkill would be useful) ? 
sys:Extras/System/Scout can kill apps 

sys:Tools/Commodities/Exchange can remove available commodities


* how to restore 'go up' button in wanderer window? (it doesn't show up anymore).
If you're using Icaros, go to the theme prefs and make sure that decoration is checked. Also, some themes do not use a parent button, so try another theme. You may have to restart Aros before the theme will change.

* Is it really safe to turn off (hardware button) computer at any time (worried about USB hard disk)
yes you can turn off the computer IF none of the drives are in progress (i.e. writing). Best to use Wanderer menu option Quit otherwise 


===Say narrator===

Say &quot;Hello World&quot; for a simple robotic voice 

SPEAK: is a write-only DOS device for text-to-speech abbreviated as tts. 
To check if available, type assign into the shell and at the bottom in the Devices: section should be SPEAK 

Examples of use 
&lt;pre&gt;
Copy S:Startup-Sequence SPEAK:
Echo &quot;Hello&quot; &gt;SPEAK:M/R/S150/P110
Echo &quot;DH1 EH0 L OW1&quot; &gt;SPEAK:A1
&lt;/pre&gt;

Classic options are M/F, R/N, S&lt;rate&gt;, P&lt;pitch&gt;, O0/O1, A0/A1, and D0/D1. O1 recognizes lines beginning with OPT/ as option changes. A1 treats input as narrator phonemes.

Long options select a speech engine:

Echo &quot;Hello&quot; &gt;SPEAK:ENGINE=narrator/VOICE=female/STYLE=natural/LANGUAGE=en-US

Supported selectors are ENGINE=, VOICE=, STYLE=, and LANGUAGE=. Values are case-sensitive backend identifiers. ENGINE=DEFAULT selects the system default. Narrator-compatible selectors continue through the classic translator/narrator pair. Other engines use speech.device. Direct phonemes require a narrator-compatible selection.


===Printing===

This needs further [http://www.aminet.net/package/docs/help/PrinterGuide drivers written], we have postscript and write to file support only 

;There are no individual drivers yet for HP's Photosmart, EPSON's EPL, CANON's, Lexmark, CUPS PPD, etc. 


*Postscript

Best to set Printer Prefs in the Prefs drawer to print-to-file or parallel/USB port 


Save document in postscript or convert picture/text to postscript 

Print using compatible Postscript printer 


FindPrinters finds the printers on the link - ENV:IPP/Status says how the last job went 

ipp.device is an output device for printer.device, like parallel.device or printtofile.device, for printers on the network. Unit n prints to the printer named in ENV:IPP/Unit&lt;n&gt;:

  URI=ipp://host[:port]/path   IPP/1.1 Print-Job (RFC 8010, RFC 8011)
  URI=socket://host[:port]     the raw data, port 9100 by default
  FORMAT=&lt;document-format&gt;     application/octet-stream when unset


*printer is simply not accepting IPP connections at the moment.

Please try the following steps:

Open the printer web interface in a browser:

 http://192.168.1.x/

Look for the network or protocol settings.

Enable IPP / Internet Printing Protocol.

Make sure TCP port 631 is open/enabled.

Save the settings and reboot the printer if the web interface asks for it.

 ipp://192.168.1.xx:631/ipp/print

 ipp://192.168.1.xxx:631/ipp/


===Files===

====File endings and datatypes====

* Check if the file has his own .info icon file with a tool set to open it. IIRC this has higher priority over the def_XYZ.info file association. 
* In ENVARC:SYS/def_Text.info or whatever def_ file needs changing, use Wanderer's menu Icon -&gt; Information and change the def_XYZ.info there. If you're on ABIv0 and want it to be applied immediately, you might have to copy it to ENV:SYS/ (or to reboot). 
* Identifying file types by file ending is only a fallback. Far better it is to search for magic words, for flac files this would be &quot;flaC&quot; according to this [http://flac.sourceforge.net/documentation_format_overview.html documentation]. 

For instance, to open PDFs with arospdf not localised in the default drawer of Icaros (Work:Extras/Applications/arospdf) but localised in a custom drawer in AROS. The default tools are defined in the icons in sys:prefs/env-archive/sys e.g. def_PDF. 


File type identification is done by datatype descriptors which you can find in Devs/Datatypes. The AROS build system has a tool which creates such datatype descriptors. 


'''Changing of default tools of existing icons is easy as shown above. Adding of new file types is not hard, but needs knowledge of the AROS build system.'''


The enduser way would be to download the attached file, which contained two executables:
1) createdtdesc, to make a new datatype description
2) examinedtdesc, to read/show existing datatype descriptions

use 2 to get an idea on how it things are currently done in aros by providing this executable a file from the drawer sys:devs/datatypes/ (alternatively you can find the original .dtd files here).

use 1 to make your new datatype. Use the accompanied FORMAT file (also here) to read how to make your own datatype descriptor. use 2 to get hints from other datatype descriptors.

Note:
When creating a new descriptor would advise against using the pattern property, but instead use the default pattern of #? and create a Mask that matches your filetype. This requires some research in order to discover how your filetype can be recognized properly. Of course with making something like a descriptor for an ascii textfile, you would fallback to using the pattern (e.g. #?.text as the filetype cannot be determined easily otherwise). 

&lt;pre &gt;
# name - choose wisely and informative. also used for icon's name.
# version - choose as you like as long as it complies with version rules
# basename - the 'root' datatype class. be aware that e.g. it can influence behaviour. for example when choosing binary and using tool multiview in project icon, the file will be viewed as binary file (choosing sound would tell mulitview to view the file as a soundfile). So this can influence the underlying tool being used. Could become messy if users started to modify the tool manually. 
# pattern - This is the file pattern match e.g. #?.text
# Mask - A mask to identify the file. Requires knowledge of the actual file structure. For example 'M' 'Z' for an msdos executable.
# GroupdID - not supported (AROS native) files - use syst as that would be the least intrusive in case an AROS tool/program tries to load such datatyped file.
# ID - In your case, the first four characters of the name at subchapter 1 (in lower case) (or less if name is shorter).
# flags - How the mask needs to be interpreted. In your case would be mostly DTF_BINARY in combination with (wanted or not) DTF_CASE (to tell if mask used letters are case sensitive or not)
# priority - the priority of how the type is handled so that on datatype could have precedence over another? In any case, document tells it to be mostly 0. 
&lt;/pre &gt; 

Now that you know each field and what it does (more or less), you write this fields in a text file for your own invented datatype, save it and create the actual dt with the tool in 1. in the end the created dt must reside in sys:devs/datatypes/ drawer.

Then you would create a default icon in sys:prefs/Env-archive/SYS drawer. Don't forget to reboot or copy .info file to ram:env/sys in order to test. also don't forget to set which tool to start f.e. c:lx or dh4:emulators/mycoolemulator

To test, open Wanderer then show all files and doubleclick on a file of type you just created. Alternatively you could use the 'open' command from shell (with file of datatype you just created as parameter).

And as a last note. it would perhaps be welcome to have a program like xicon and/or runprglist for AROS (unfortunately both without source, but something similar could be created for AROS).

Sounds complicated ?

Perhaps... but OS like windows needs a complete registry to be able to do things like this. And yes, i am aware windows has gui tools that does it (more or less) for you (by manipulating the registry). Same could be done for AROS (without integrating a registry in AROS that is ).

Would that suffice ?

red1+2: typos, reformatting.

disclaimer: please note that using these tools can screw up your currently installed support for datatypes when used incorrectly. Do not use if you do not understand what you are doing. Use at own risk.


==Network Connection==

AROS currently only has one real choice for TCP/IP networking - AROSTCP.  This is a port of the AmiTCP package from AmigaOS (TM), with a number of enhancements/fixes from AROS developers. 


===Wired===

Use Network Prefs to setup 


=====IPv6=====

Some support 


128bit IPv6 address packet 
&lt;pre&gt;
Local FD::/8
Global 2000::/3
64:ff9b::/96
&lt;/pre&gt;
NAT64 translates IPv6 to IPv4 
DNS64 


OS routing works with 
&lt;pre&gt;
MacOS Ventura 
Windows 11 with cloud account 
Ubuntu Jammy Jellyfish 
Android 10 (block google dns) 
&lt;/pre&gt;


====IPv4====

The top half of the IPv4 Configuration tab on the Network Prefs deals with the network card/USB and the lower half the router part. 

[[File:AROS Wanderer Network Prefs DHCP.png|thumb|DHCP Settings]]

'''Upper part of IPv4 tab''' 
* Click Add on the top right of the Prefs which opens a window called '''Interface''' 
* Enter Name as net0 (but can be anything as long as it is consistently used in other sections) 
* check mark on Active
* select device to be used using the '''right hand-side gadget''' of the box where the device name will go 
* set Unit to 0 
* IP Mode is default set to '''Get address from DHCP''' 


* IP Mode set to Manual if DHCP does not work automatically 

From the shell CLI,  ifconfig -a

Under net0: section, inet starting 192.168.x.xxx

* inet or '''Address''' of network card 
* netmask convert to decimal so 0x'''ffffff7f''' becomes 255.255.255.247 which is used to adjust the above '''Address''' into 
* broadcast 192.168.xxx.xxx

click OK


[[File:AROS Wanderer Network Prefs Manual.png|thumb|Manual Settings]]

'''Lower part of IPv4 tab''' 
* IP Mode Get address from DHCP (default) 


* or changing to Manual if automatic DHCP set up does not work 
* '''Gateway''' (Router Internal LAN-IP) (Default Route) = 192.168.0.1 (D-Link Netgear), 192.168.1.1 (Linksys 3com), 192.168.2.1 (SMC Microsoft), 192.168.1.254 (Belkin), 192.168.123.254 (USRobotics) else check with your router manual 
* first DNS = use 208.67.222.222 (opendns) or Gateway number above (to test web browser access to router) or 212.50.160.100 (google)  i.e. or whatever your ISP needs you to set 
* second DNS = use 208.67.220.220 (opendns) or Gateway number above (to test web browser access to router) or 213.249.130.100 (google) i.e. or whatever your ISP needs you to set 


* At the bottom of IPv4 tab, check mark the '''Start networking during system boot''' option 
* Save and reboot (sometimes Network restart fails, so reboot every time to be sure) 


'''an alternative way''' to AROS ifconfig -a, other OSs have similar for the same internet connection. Another connection will have different settings. 

e.g. From [http://www.ncsu.edu/resnet/windows/ipconfig/ Windows], '''ipconfig /all''' 
and note down the IP, subnet mask, default gateway, and DNS servers values and put these values in &quot;manually&quot; into AROS Network prefs. 

e.g. From Linux via dhcp router have a look at etc./dhcpc/dhcpcd-eth0.info 
* for manual input look at /etc/networks (IP or Gateway) and /etc/resolv.conf (DNS) 

 Please note that all in one routers (wired+wireless) or separate routers may need different settings 

IPv4 involves routing (192,168.x.x), firewall, NAT 


===Wireless===

 You may have a Wifi Prefs to use for wireless setup 

[[File:MyArosWirelessSetup.png|thumb|Setting up]]

[[File:MyArosWirelessTCP.png|thumb|Shell commands to work out what is happening]]

We must first make certain you have a Atheros 5k chip inside acting as the wireless wifi option. Open PCITool in Tools directory. Down left hand side are a series of numbers 0.00.0 etc. Click on some at the bottom and hopefully one of them will say Atheros AR5??? or AR242?. 

or a Realtek RTL8187B, we can check using Prefs/Trident as this one is USB based 


There are many similarities with the above Wired set up so please read the above section as well 


* open Network/Prefs
* In '''IPv4 Configuration''' tab - click Add - enter net0 / active tick / #?.device / Unit 0 / IP Mode = manual (important if default DHCP does not work automatically) 

Make sure that any extra network names (e.g. eth1 or net1) should be deleted. If net0 already st previously, change net0 so that it shows associated with the appropriate device name like atheros5000.device or realtek8180.device. Having two entries here will cause sub-net problems. 

* Go to '''Wireless''' tab and click on &quot;Add&quot; button. 
* Insert network name (SSID your wireless network name use wirelessmanager to get it), select right &quot;encyption&quot; that is most likely &quot;WPA&quot;. 
* Key Type set as &quot;Passphrase&quot;. i.e. type in your password for your router (aka access key). 
* Unselect (no tick) &quot;hidden&quot; if it is selected, then apply. You may have to tick it if wireless does not work. 
* Finally, Save and '''reboot'''. 

For the best chance of success, set networking to start at boot, and then reboot with the USB adapter plugged in. 


===USB Ethernet===

Open SYS:Prefs/Network and in the IPv4 Configuration tag (top table covers your usb stick) 

* click Add button
* set Name as net0
* Tick Active box
* enter the usb-ethernet.device e.g. dm9601eth.device, usbpegasus.device or usbasixeth.device use SYS:c/devlist, '''Scout''' or trident prefs to get the correct spelling 
* set Unit to 0 (which is usual but check the messages from the bottom of the Trident prefs whilst plugging the device in to determine the unit number otherwise) 
* IP Mode is set to Get address from DHCP (make sure your router is set right for that) 
'''or manual'''
* IP Address of network card, i.e. 192.168.0.xx or 192.168.1.xx (xx being greater than 1) 
* Subnet netmask = 255.255.255.0 
* click OK

There can be sometimes be boot failures when using USB ethernet - plug the USB device in after boot and save the network prefs to make it work again. 


Lower part of IPv4 tab covers the router information 

* IP Mode Get address from DHCP 
'''or if manual settings'''
* Gateway (IP Address of router) = usually 192.168.0.1 or 192.168.1.1 but see router manual to make sure. 
* first DNS = use 8.8.8.8, 208.67.222.222 (opendns) or 212.50.160.100 
* second DNS = use 8.8.4.4, 208.67.220.220 (opendns) or 213.249.130.100 


===USB Tethering via Android smartphone===


Go to AROS Network Prefs (IPv4 configuration tab) and write type in &quot;usbrndis.device&quot; in the &quot;device&quot; textfield of &quot;Interface&quot; sub-window, which appears when you add a new device (or modify an existing one). Select &quot;Start Network during system boot&quot; and saved the configuration, the Connection is immediate no reboot is needed.&lt;br&gt;

usbrndis.device is a resident device (virtually always there) in fact, a driver is not present in DEVS:Networks &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

Plug in USB cable, go to Android settings and enable &quot;USB Tethering&quot; &lt;br&gt;

A reboot should not be necessary.

When restarting AROS, the Smartphone deactivates the connection and to access the network again have to reactivate it before starting the browser. 


===Solving Issues===

[[File:MyArosTCP.png|thumb|Aros network setup diagnostics - why does it not work?]]

* In Network Preferences, have '''only one''' item in the IPv4 Configuration tab 
* If using manual settings, make sure all numbers are correct, especially for IP address of the card/usb (changing the last number in chain of four) 
* For any USB based networking, it is often necessary to save in Prefs/Network, reboot AROS and network support can begin 


* For wired, make sure that the LAN-cable is plugged in before starting the computer 


* If wireless, try getting closer to the router. 
* Switch off the encryption option from your router then try wifi, if successful then your ip/dns is ok. If not then your ip/dns settings are most probably wrong or need to use one or more opendns numbers 
* Replace detachable wireless antenna (best wireless option to buy if you can) with a stronger antenna ie. 5&amp;nbsp;dBi or 7&amp;nbsp;dBi 
* Try with another computer/laptop/machine 

Program Error  C:WirelessManager 

* Test with another OS 
* Check that Wifi works before changeover (if possible) 
* Check that socket and card are working 
* Check if card is too new for laptop (date code on card MMYY blue askey date 2005-2007 etc)   


Are you connecting with the Router ? 

Check with protection off e.g. wps and wep to see if it makes a difference. 


For USB wireless - stopping and starting may be needed...

&lt;pre&gt;

; $VER: AROSTCP-startnet 1.0 (01/08/06)
; AROSTCP-startnet (c) The AROS Dev Team.
;
Run &lt;NIL: &gt;NIL: AROSTCP
WaitForPort AROSTCP
If NOT Warn
  ; echo &quot;Stack online&quot;
Else
  echo &quot;Wait for Stack Failed&quot;
EndIf

; stop and restart
execute &quot;sys:system/network/AROSTCP/s/stopnet&quot;

Run &lt;NIL: &gt;NIL: AROSTCP
WaitForPort AROSTCP
If NOT Warn
  ; echo &quot;Stack online&quot;
Else
  echo &quot;Wait for Stack Failed&quot;
EndIf

run &lt;NIL: &gt;NIL: wirelessmanager realtek8180.device

&lt;/pre&gt;


What IRQ number is assigned to the device? You can check with Tools/PCITool? 
It's possible the BIOS hasn't set the right IRQ number. If you have a Linux CD/DVD handy, could you check if it boots with the options &quot;acpi=off noapic nolapic&quot;? 


If the following does nothing, this will help us figure out why networking doesn't start automatically at boot

open a shell and run the following commands:

&lt;pre&gt;
echo ${AROSTCP/AutoRun}
echo ${AROSTCP/WirelessAutoRun}
echo ${AROSTCP/WirelessDevice}
&lt;/pre&gt;

Please report the output, typically it will look like this  

# True  (explanation this variable is related to the &quot;Start networking during system boot&quot; checkbox in network prefs) 
# True  ()
# Devs:networks/atheros5000.device unit 0


If there's a problem with the AROSTCP package. What's the output of this?

 ENV:sys/packages/AROSTCP 

should return a string = Sys:System/Network/AROSTCP


By the way, a quicker way to check networking is working would be to run some shell commands such as:


&lt;pre&gt;
ping www.google.com
ifconfig net0
&lt;/pre&gt;


The best way to list the available networks and diagnose / troubleshoot problems with connecting to a wireless network is to run WirelessManager manually. First uncheck the &quot;Start networking during system boot&quot; box in the Network prefs app, then save and reboot. Then run this in a shell:

 C:wirelessmanager atheros5000.device verbose 

or 

 C:wirelessmanager realtek8180.device verbose 

and capture the output 


If the above does not help, could you edit the file SYS:System/Network/AROSTCP/S/Package-Startup, and change &quot;&gt;NIL:&quot; to &quot;&gt;T:wifi.log&quot; on the WirelessManager line and add this as well Wait 5?

&lt;pre&gt;
if ${AROSTCP/WirelessAutoRun} eq &quot;True&quot;
Run QUIET &quot;C:WirelessManager ${AROSTCP/WirelessDevice} &gt;T:wifi.log&quot;
wait 5
EndIf
&lt;/pre&gt;

Then save, reboot and post the log file (T:wifi.log) here.


&lt;pre&gt;

c:wirelessmanager atheros5000.device verbose
Initializing interface 'atheros5000.device:0' conf 'ENV:Wireless.prefs' driver 'default' ctrl_interface 'N/A' bridge 'N/A'
Configuration file 'ENV:Wireless.prefs' -&gt; 'ENV:Wireless.prefs'
Reading configuration file 'ENV:Wireless.prefs'
Line: 1 - start of a new network block
ssid - hexdump_ascii(len=7)
65 63 68 65 6c 6f 6e echelon
PSK (ASCII passphrase) - hexdump_ascii(len=14): [REMOVED]
key_mgmt: 0x2
PSK (from passphrase) - hexdump(len=32): [REMOVED]
Priority group 0
id=0 ssid='echelon'


Then it just sits there. Not sure what a normal dump looks like, I don't see anything that looks wrong in the configuration.
&lt;/pre&gt;

looks like the driver isn't working with that card. Has anyone else successfully used that exact model number (AR2413)?


&lt;pre&gt;

Initializing interface 'atheros5000.device:0' conf 'ENV:Wireless.prefs' driver 'default' ctrl_interface 'N/A' bridge 'N/A'
Configuration file 'ENV:Wireless.prefs' -&gt; 'ENV:Wireless.prefs'
Line: 1 - start of a new network block
ssid - hexdump_ascii(len=7):
65 63 68 65 6c 6f 6e echelon
PSK (ASCII passphrase) - hexdump_ascii(len=14): [REMOVED]
key_mgmt: 0x2
PSK (from passphrase) - hexdump(len=32): [REMOVED]
Priority group 0
id=0 ssid='echelon'
*** [wpa_sm_init] sm-&gt;pmksa=02c66fd4 ***
Own MAC address: 00:01:36:15:ae:0c
RSN: flushing PMKID list in the driver
Setting scan request: 0 sec 100000 usec
EAPOL: SUPP_PAE entering state DISCONNECTED
EAPOL: Supplicant port status: Unauthorized
EAPOL: KEY_RX entering state NO_KEY_RECEIVE
EAPOL: SUPP_BE entering state INITIALIZE
EAP: EAP entering state DISABLED
EAPOL: Supplicant port status: Unauthorized
EAPOL: Supplicant port status: Unauthorized
Added interface atheros5000.device:0
State: DISCONNECTED -&gt; SCANNING
Started AP scan for wildcard SSID
MLME: starting scan
MLME: scan channel 1 (2412 MHz)
sana2: sending MLME frame


Then it stops. Does this mean the router is not authorizing this NIC?

IRQ 4 (A)

&lt;/pre&gt;

apparently locking up when the first frame is sent (a scan request).


&lt;pre&gt;

Devs/Networks/atheros5000.device:0
Initializing interface 'Devs/Networks/atheros5000.device:0' conf 'ENV:Wireless.prefs' driver 'default' ctrl_interface 'N/A' bridge 'N/A'
Configuration file 'ENV:Wireless.prefs' -&gt; 'ENV:Wireless.prefs'
Reading configuration file 'ENV:Wireless.prefs'
Line: 1 - start of a new network block
ssid - hexdump_ascii(len=12):
41 69 72 4c 69 6e 6b 35 39 33 30 30 AirLink59300
PSK (ASCII passphrase) - hexdump_ascii(len=8): [REMOVED]
key_mgmt: 0x2
PSK (from passphrase) - hexdump(len=32): [REMOVED]
Priority group 0
id=0 ssid='AirLink59300'
*** [wpa_sm_init] sm-&gt;pmksa=0224e444 ***
Own MAC address: 00:1f:e1:42:e3:7a
RSN: flushing PMKID list in the driver
Setting scan request: 0 sec 100000 usec
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686594.160000
EAPOL: SUPP_PAE entering state DISCONNECTED
EAPOL: Supplicant port status: Unauthorized
EAPOL: KEY_RX entering state NO_KEY_RECEIVE
EAPOL: SUPP_BE entering state INITIALIZE
EAP: EAP entering state DISABLED
EAPOL: Supplicant port status: Unauthorized
EAPOL: Supplicant port status: Unauthorized
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686595.060000
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686604.060000
Added interface Devs/Networks/atheros5000.device:0
[eloop_run] Starting
State: DISCONNECTED -&gt; SCANNING
Starting AP scan for wildcard SSID
MLME: starting scan
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686594.160001
MLME: scan channel 1 (2412 MHz)
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686594.193000
sana2: sending MLME frame
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686594.233000
MLME: scan channel 2 (2417 MHz)
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686594.253000
sana2: sending MLME frame
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686594.293000
MLME: scan channel 3 (2422 MHz)
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686594.333000
sana2: sending MLME frame
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686594.373000
MLME: scan channel 4 (2427 MHz)
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686594.393000
sana2: sending MLME frame
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686594.433000
MLME: scan channel 5 (2432 MHz)
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686594.473000
sana2: sending MLME frame
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686594.513000
MLME: scan channel 6 (2437 MHz)
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686594.553000
sana2: sending MLME frame
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686594.573000
MLME: scan channel 7 (2442 MHz)
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686594.613000
sana2: sending MLME frame
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686594.653000
MLME: scan channel 8 (2447 MHz)
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686594.693000
sana2: sending MLME frame
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686594.713000
MLME: scan channel 9 (2452 MHz)
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686594.753000
sana2: sending MLME frame
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686594.793000
MLME: scan channel 10 (2457 MHz)
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686594.833000
sana2: sending MLME frame
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686594.853000
MLME: scan channel 11 (2462 MHz)
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686594.893000
sana2: sending MLME frame
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686594.933000
MLME: scan channel 12 (2467 MHz)
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686594.973000
sana2: sending MLME frame
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686595.013000
MLME: scan channel 13 (2472 MHz)
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686595.033000
sana2: sending MLME frame
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686595.073000
EAPOL: disable timer tick
EAPOL: Supplicant port status: Unauthorized
MLME: scan channel 14 (2484 MHz)
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686595.113000
sana2: sending MLME frame
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686595.153000
MLME: scan channel 1 (2412 MHz)
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686595.193000
sana2: sending MLME frame
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686595.213000
MLME: scan channel 2 (2417 MHz)
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686595.253000
sana2: sending MLME frame
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686595.293000
MLME: scan channel 3 (2422 MHz)
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686595.333000
sana2: sending MLME frame
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686595.353000
MLME: scan channel 4 (2427 MHz)
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686595.393000
sana2: sending MLME frame
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686595.433000
MLME: scan channel 5 (2432 MHz)
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686595.473000
sana2: sending MLME frame
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686595.493000
MLME: scan channel 6 (2437 MHz)
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686595.533000
sana2: sending MLME frame
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686595.573000
MLME: scan channel 7 (2442 MHz)
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686595.613000
sana2: sending MLME frame
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686595.653000
MLME: scan channel 8 (2447 MHz)
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686595.673000
sana2: sending MLME frame
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686595.713000
MLME: scan channel 9 (2452 MHz)
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686595.753000
sana2: sending MLME frame
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686595.793000
MLME: scan channel 10 (2457 MHz)
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686595.833000
sana2: sending MLME frame
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686595.853000
MLME: scan channel 11 (2462 MHz)
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686595.893000
sana2: sending MLME frame
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686595.933000
MLME: scan channel 12 (2467 MHz)
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686595.973000
sana2: sending MLME frame
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686595.993000
MLME: scan channel 13 (2472 MHz)
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686596.033000
sana2: sending MLME frame
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686596.073000
MLME: scan completed

&lt;/pre&gt;

Is your network hidden? If so, did you enable the 'Hidden' checkbox in the network prefs? What distro version are you using? 


&lt;pre&gt;
&quot;ENV:sys/wireless.prefs&quot; looks like this:
network={
ssid=&quot;testadhoc&quot;
key_mgmt=NONE
wep_key0=&quot;12345&quot;
wep_tx_keyidx=0
}
&lt;/pre&gt; 


If your router doesn't broadcast its SSID (hidden), you need to add this option to the network block of the wpa_supplicant.conf on your aros machine and make changes after  # Example blocks: 

 scan_ssid=1

Here's a full description of all the [http://hostap.epitest.fi/gitweb/gitweb.cgi?p=hostap.git;a=blob_plain;f=wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf config file options]. 

&lt;pre&gt;
ap_scan=1

network={
ssid=&quot;YOURESSID&quot;
scan_ssid=1
proto=RSN
key_mgmt=WPA-PSK
pairwise=CCMP
group=CCMP
psk=YOURPASSWORD
}
&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;pre&gt;
filter_ssids=1
ap_scan=2

network={
ssid=&quot;REMOVED&quot;
scan_ssid=1
bssid=REMOVED
priority=100
mode=0
proto=RSN
key_mgmt=WPA-PSK
auth_alg=OPEN
pairwise=CCMP
group=CCMP
psk=REMOVED
}
&lt;/pre&gt;


Error 6: Couldn't resolve host name.

Check Scout -&gt; Devices and look at the device that you are using, in the OCnt column it should state 2 which means AROSTCP and Wirelessmanager are both accessing this driver. If 0 or 1, then uncheck the checkbox in Network prefs for starting networking at boot, save and reboot. Then run this is the shell:

C:WirelessManager realtek8180.device unit 0


some quirks setting up the wireless network as well 

1) it's far better setting up either the wired OR the wireless network adapter as net0:, or weird things happen

2) it's better using fixed IP on the local network instead of DHCP

3) network setting must be placed in network setting panel in /prefs, using the wirelessmanager helped me finding available SSIDs, but not actually connecting to them

once done, reboot.


If previous setup is proving problematic 

&lt;pre &gt;

SYS:Prefs/Env-Archive/Wireless.prefs
SYS:Prefs/Env-Archive/Zune/OWB.config
SYS:Prefs/Env-Archive/Zune/global.config
SYS:Prefs/Env-Archive/AROSTCP/WirelessDevice
SYS:Prefs/Env-Archive/AROSTCP/db/Interfaces
&lt;/pre &gt; 

Make a copy of these files and restore in case of problems. 


Please try this test to check if you can connect to your router, ie established that the WiFi layer is working 

̊̊̊̊Boot with networking disabled, by make sure that &quot;Start networking at boot&quot; in Network Prefs is unchecked (no tick).  
̊ Run this in a shell: C:WirelessManager atheros5000.device VERBOSE
̊If the output of that command is too long to summarise here, you can redirect it to a file by adding &gt;RAM:wifi.log to the end, then attach or paste that file here.


try running &quot;status&quot; in the shell and check that AROSTCP is listed/running
If AROStcp is not showing, then AROSTCP is not running. attempted to start it by clicking Use or Save in network prefs, or checking the &quot;start networking at boot&quot; box or typing into a shell. 

 Execute SYS:System/Network/AROSTCP/s/startnet

(run Status again afterwards).


The &quot;cannot resolve hostname&quot; will appear if you are blocked on the wifi network by the router as well as aros not being able to assign correct network address.

One way of testing this might be to disable the firewall in the router. you might also check the router how it sees the attempts aros do to speak to it. The easiest way to do that would be to manually give aros an IP number in the routers accepted range. and see if it shows up at all within the router.


Tests that can be undertaken to determine correct settings and functions 

 pciinfo
 sanautil -d broadcom4400.device status

&lt;pre &gt;
 ping &lt;router-address&gt; e.g. 192.168.0.1 (aka inet) or 80.237.146.33 (www.amiganews.de) 
 ifconfig net0
 ifconfig net0 up
 extras:networking/utils/sanautil/sanautil -d atheros5000.device status
 WirelessManager atheros5000.device verbose &gt;RAM:wifi.log
 ;to send the log to RAM disk to be read easier or if detected, 
 Run WirelessManager atheros5000.device &gt;NIL:
 Run WirelessManager atheros5000.device ssid=&quot;mynet1&quot; &gt;NIL: 
 C:WirelessManager realtek8180.device unit 0 
&lt;/pre &gt; 

Please look at the task list in Scout, and check if WirelessManager and AROSTCP are running. Also look at the device list in Scout to check if realtek8180.device is open. 


start tools/debug/sashimi, maybe it shows some debug messages when disconnection happens.


Firstly, let's take a look at what your setup most likely looks like, assuming you use a router. See diagram below: 

&lt;pre&gt;
Internet &lt;---------&gt; home router &lt;---------&gt; computer 
-----------external IP------------------internal IP-------------
&lt;/pre&gt;

Okay, so what am I trying to show you with that diagram. A few things. Firstly, the IP address that connects you to the Internet is not the same one that connects you to your router. What happens is that your computer doesn't have a direct connection to the Internet, instead your router connects to the Internet, and your computer connects to the router.

You can see the external and internal IP addresses in these example settings...

* Default Gateway : 76.91.64.1 (external IP for ISP/Internet host)
* IP Address : 76.91.71.184 (external IP for home router)

* IP Address : 192.168.0.1 (internal IP for home router)
* Address = 192.168.0.161 (internal IP for computer)

As you can see, there are two internal IP addresses and two external IP addresses. This is because there is a client/server relationship, effectively one address is for the service (server) and one address is for the device trying to access that service (client).

The server addresses in your case are 76.91.64.1 (your ISP's address, serving the Internet), and 192.168.0.1 (your home router's address, serving your home network). The term gateway applies here, they are your gateway to those services.

Subnet masks are used along with IP addresses to determine which IP addresses are allowed access to a network. I did learn the more in-depth rules about subnet masks once (watched a CCNA vid), but I've forgotten about it. The basic level of understanding you'll need is easy to remember though. A subnet mask value of 255 means that portion of the IP address must stay constant, whereas a subnet value of 0 means any unassigned value up to 255 is allowed in the IP address.

By far the most common subnet value is 255.255.255.0. What this means is that the first three parts of the IP address you use to connect to a service must stay the same as the server/gateway address, and only the last section can change.

So if your router's internal IP address is 192.168.0.1, and the subnet mask is 255.255.255.0, the only addresses that will be allowed to be used on that network are between 192.168.0.2 and 192.168.0.255 (I think 192.168.0.0 is reserved for other uses).

Final point to make is about DHCP (a.k.a. dynamic IP) vs static IP. A server/router using DHCP gives a device that connects to it an address within the acceptable range. It usually starts with the lowest numbered free address, so with your router it'll give the first device that connects to it 192.168.0.2, the next device 192.168.0.3, and so on. Static IP addresses are where you set the IP address you want to connect with in advance. 

When using static IP addresses on a router where DHCP is active, it's good to use a high number to avoid conflicts with other devices that are connected to your network, to reduce the risk that both devices will try using the same IP. That's why your current choice of 192.168.0.161 is good, unless you have over 159 devices connected on your current network!


Okay, so what's the next step. Well, if you can use ping, I'd suggest pinging 192.168.0.1. If you get a positive response it means you're connected to your router, if you don't get a response it means the connection between your router and your computer is at fault.

Documentation on configuring the AROSTCP environment further can be found [http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Aros/User/Networking here] 


===File Sharing===

As AROS knows only a few filesystems (FFS, OFS, SFS, PFS (amiga only), FAT12, 16, 32, Microsoft NTFS (windows), UDF (Blu-ray)). 
The others in regular use like MacOSX hfs+, Linux ext2/ext3 and ext4, Haiku BeFS provide a problem in transferring files. 

Linux can access SFS partitions but it needs to be compiled. The latest full source are [http://home.elka.pw.edu.pl/~mszyprow/programy/asfs/ here]. It compiled fine with a 2.6.30 kernel in Puppy Linux 4.31. 

An alternative, is to use a FAT32 partition to share. Setup a 4G FAT32 partition using HDToolbox for sharing, and the rest of the space as SFS for an Aros install. It works very well. 

Files could be transferred via TCP internet network. 


====SMB2/3====

With Windows you can share one folder or all folders of the &quot;Public&quot; user.

On Windows what is important is to enable sharing (Network and Sharing Center).

AROS Mountlist should look lke this 
&lt;pre&gt;
Handler = L:smb2-handler
StackSize = 65536
Priority = 5
GlobVec = -1
ACTIVATE=1
Startup = &quot;smb://UserAcc:password@PCShare/Sharefolder&quot;
&lt;/pre&gt;

which could also be
&quot;smb://UserPC:password@192.168.x.x/Public&quot;
or
&quot;smb://UserPC:password@Name-PC/Public&quot;

so
&quot;smb://UserPC:password@192.168.1.158/Folder&quot;
or
&quot;smb://UserPC:password@Name-PC/Folder&quot;


After you have configured a share generates a DOSDrivers it is named &quot;SMB0&quot; which includes the setting, and at each reboot it is Mounted. You can still delete the DOSDriver by hand, is located in Storage/DOSDrivers, the file &quot;ServerAutoMounts&quot;, in ENV:AROSTCP which indicates the DOSDriver to be mounted, should also be deleted. 
The per-mount files are written to ENV:SMB or SYS:Storage/DOSDrivers. There is also additional file ENV:AROSTCP/ServerAutoMounts which states what will be presented to the end user. 


====Old SMBFS====

e.g. to connect to a NAS share such as \\NASBOX\Shared use -:

SMBFS WORKGROUP=&lt;YOUR WORKGROUP NAME&gt; VOLUME=&lt;AROS volume name to use&gt;: SERVICE=&lt;UNC Path to connect to&gt;

SMBFS WORKGROUP=MYNET VOLUME=Shared: SERVICE=//NASBOX/Shared

And you will then have an icon appear on your desktop for the volume name you have chosen. 


You can put the above script into wbstartup or  

give it an icon, change it to a 'project' and give it the default tool c:iconx 

Open a shell and type copy sys:script.info &quot;sys:wbstartup/YOURSCRIPTNAME.info&quot;

This should create an icon for your script file.

Now right-click on your script and select 'information'.

Change 'tool' to 'project', put 'c:iconx' into the 'default tool' box, click save 

The reason being that scripts need to be opened with 'execute SCRIPTNAME' (or 'iconx') whereas the programs started from wbstartup are opened using 'run PROGRAMNAME'. It's the same as trying to start a command-line tool from the workbench by double-clicking it.


====Setup ISO images within AROS====

Use [http://archives.aros-exec.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=driver/storage DiskImage] which supports many cd image formats ISO, CCD, MDF/MDS, CUE/BIN, NRG and UIF. To mount CD or DVD images use below....

&lt;pre &gt;
# Rename your iso 'Unit0' (note no extension).
# Do 'View/All files' on you Aros partition. You should now see a folder called 'Diskimages'. Copy your renamed iso to there. 
(Alternatively, you could type at the shell 'assign FDSK: xxx', where xxx is the location of your iso.) 
# From the shell, type 'mount CD0:' and the iso should appear on the Wanderer desktop. You can now access it like a real disk.
&lt;/pre &gt; 

 assign devname: dismount 
 Assign DOSVOLUME: remove
 [http://aminet.net/package/disk/misc/unmount-0.1 unmount] most filesystems work but SFS lacks support for ACTION_DIE packet 

If you are using an IcAros install, the startup scripts are set up to wipe the Diskimages directory on boot, so its worth keeping a second copy of the iso somewhere else. Alternatively, you could set up extra mountlists for additional iso images. I've made a file called iso1 in the Aros:devs directory that contains the following text:

&lt;pre&gt;
/* Entry for ISO image */

ISO1:
FileSystem = cdrom.handler
Device = fdsk.device
Unit = 1
LowCyl = 0
HighCyl = 0
Surfaces = 1
BlocksPerTrack = 1
DOSType = 0x41434400
Activate = 1
#
&lt;/pre&gt;

Then I just need an iso called 'Unit1' (corresponding to the 'Unit = 1' entry in the mountlist) in Diskimages (or wherever I assign FDSK: to) and to mount I type in at the shell:

 Mount iso1: from devs:iso1

Of course, if you create mountlists for ISO2, ISO3:, etc. (with the corresponding change to the 'Unit = ' line) you can have as many isos mounted as you wish. I just call mine ISO1: etc. to distinguish them from the real CD drives 


==Video Guides==


Video demonstrations and tutorials covering:

:00. '''Introduction''' 
::[https://www.youtube.com/@jamesmattson6813/videos Various Aros Installs], 
::[https://www.youtube.com/embed/j8EmSEby0Rg AROS repo in gource, view of AROS dev commits from 1997 to 2025], [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vx_zqlBow40&amp;feature=related Gource view of AROS 1997 up to 2009], 
::[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s1RsvEm7UrU Why an Amiga OS in 2011], 
::[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1W886mheV74&amp;pp=ygUPYW1pZ2EgYXJvcyAyMDI2 Johan Grip on early days of AROS x86], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mXaKDhtTTqQ&amp;t=14s&amp;pp=ygUPYW1pZ2EgYXJvcyAyMDI2 Michel Schulz on Aros and PiStorm], 

:01. '''Installation'''
::[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M7YjufrJqDs Aros One install], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iIMguHTdC5E Aros One USB install], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZNXauy5m5Wc Aros One install], [http://vimeo.com/11013489 Modify Grub boot], 
::[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wyQVeyXIywc&amp;feature=channel iMica Silent Pt3], [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o2AnkoflY14 Wipe whole drive and Install - warning loss of data on drive], 
::[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OVXm6_-witQ VirtualBox install], [ VMware install], 
::[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0k2PEmT8I14 Broadway AROS Install], 
::[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PtDiXhjSIfs Is Aros Icaros a choice?], 
::[ driver install], 
::[http://www.vimeo.com/10491104 HDAudio install but needs account], [], 

:02. '''Amiga Basics'''
::[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TY8mWxwzH5o Screens tutorial], 
::[https://m.youtube.com/user/AMIGASYSTEM/videos General], [ Dos Scripts tutorial], [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hPT7SmVEpjc OS 1.2], [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n6kX3FqH8Ww&amp;feature=related OS 1.3], 

:03. '''Customisation demos'''
::[https://www.youtube.com/@AMIGASYSTEM/videos Prefs tutorial], [ Decoration tutorial], [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Dn5C8G3aDXU Scalos], 

:04. '''Setting up''' internet access and surfing the web, FTP, IRC and Mail apps 
::[ Network Prefs], [ AirCOS tutorial], [ jabberwocky tutorial], 

:05. '''Native bundled Games and Applications''' 
::[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aYlFv2B-VXc 3D Games], [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MXK7wwhd-R0 Latest Games], [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RUgiVThv23Q&amp;feature=mfu_in_order&amp;list=UL PrBoom GL], [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0s7u8TPy7V4 Assault Cubes], [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fih6aCXKeqs Cube 2], [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-X0ay0MGOms DosBox on Aros], [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7nKduDjf14k Oct 2010], 

::[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FziV2z_uxnQ Apps Pt 1], [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xs37_nfa5CI Apps Pt 2], [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bn59_VvbQR0&amp;feature=related Apps Pt 3], 
::DOpus4 [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aSRybWjrrME DOpus 4], 
::Milkytracker [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VxBOEPzpdKg&amp;feature=related Laying Down Base Tracks], 
::[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k2uKQ0-ieOE Audio Evolution 4 in action], [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Zq4r9k0_jZI Quick Videos], 
::[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gGKCFZcIc0I&amp;feature=related ScreenRecorder], [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=974c2e-Fqak&amp;feature=related TV out Tests], 
::[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fjq8ct5d5IY AmiFIG], [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h0rHvPhYJo4&amp;feature=youtu.be ZuneFIG], 
::[http://wiki.povray.org/content/Documentation:Tutorial_Section_1 POVray Tutorial 1], 
::[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jk-ZNLfJsvQ pt 1, jan. 2008], [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nWRy33g1R7Y pt 2, feb. 2009], [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r5PbhCtm4vE pt 3, feb. 2010], 

::[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G7_FJUoQ89o Hollywood programming], [], [], [],

::[], [], [], 
::[], [], [], 
::[], [], [], 


:06. '''Commercial software available'''
::[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fKXY9B4R43s AntiryadGX 3D Game Editor], 
::[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TMS9NDzwm5U BOH indie Game], 

:07. '''Running classic amiga apps and games''' 
:: Amiberry [], [], 
::[http://vmwaros.blogspot.com/2008/11/introducing-amibridge.html Intro Amibridge], [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ee2PWvCZeLo Old Amiga Apps], [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ee2PWvCZeLo Why Janus UAE is good], 
::[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VhlsNSYSuDg DPaint tutorial]

::[http://vmwaros.blogspot.com/2009/11/can-icaros-play-my-amiga-games-and-why.html Play Amiga Games], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XTaZCNOvCnE], 
::[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tMehS77LXQ4 Pagestream Introduction], [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=284-w3hTzII Pagestream Tutorial 1], [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mlwEGwhZzl4 Pagestream Tutorial 2], 
::[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iIcrIjPOctc Catweasel Mk4 PCI Part 1] and [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BaitHeL6bEA Part 2], 

:08. '''Misc and History'''

::[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d6mDXKU29w0 Mum uses old AmigaOS Workbench 1.1 (1986)], [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DaRkacQ-YMg Why an Amiga 500 (1987)], [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k5CYsgVCzYY an Amiga 2000 (1987)], 

:09. '''Misc Shows and Events'''
::[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=klgVSWKs4kE VCF 2010], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eQ3d5qR-Hv8 24:06 Jason McMullan at amiwest 2012 about AROS], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jpQO7XSfAv4 Aros SMP multi core amiwest 2013], [], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gFRtAAmiFbE], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DjdUEyjx8GM], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ydYDqZQpim8], [], [https://www.youtube.com/@uminekoshouten/featured], [https://www.youtube.com/shorts/NfoY023w-vE], 

:10. 
::[https://www.youtube.com/shorts/6qJTNW4-6GY]


===History===

The project was originally started by a small group of Amiga [http://www.amigahistory.co.uk/aros.html enthusiasts] in 1995. These individuals were mainly computer-based college university students at the start, though that student trend has diminished since. An interview with Aaron Digulla [http://arosshow.blogspot.com/2006/12/interview-with-aaron-digulla-who.html here] 

* 1992 Commodore folds 
* 1996-1998 much of the early years was concerned with exec, dos and intuition libraries. 
* Early 1999, Haage &amp; Partner used parts of the AROS code in AmigaOS 3.9. 
* March 2001, floppy disk images of AROS became available. 
* Early 2002, AROS changed its name from Amiga Replacement Operating System to Amiga Research Operating System 
* June 2002, AROS devs decided to use Zune (MUI 3.8 rewrite) as the GUI system. 
* November 2002, Eric Schwartz drew Kitty for AROS usage. 
* Early 2003, AROS.org underwent a graphics facelift. 
* Late 2003, GCC C compiler arrived. 
* Early 2004, Aros-Exec opened. 
* Early 2005, Aros Max bootable CD arrived. 
* Late 2005, SFS filesystem ported and allowed fast access to apps and network support arrived 
* Early 2007, AROS.org underwent another graphics facelift. 
* Mid-2007, AROS changed to AROS Research Operating System after A.Inc. sued Hyperion with a trademark violation. 
* Late 2007, the hard disk installer added and VmwAROS (later called Icaros Desktop) distro launched. 
* Early 2009, Our first usable web browser (OWB)
* September 2010, first wireless support appears and AspireOS started as a distro 


* Early 2012, the first paper-cut bugfix and Fab's Odyssey Web Browser ported 
* Early 2017, work started on utilising the addition cores on modern CPUs starting with the 64bit x86 PC version  
* Mid-2017, m68k port optimized for the Vampire 2 / Apollo accelerators (68080 AMMX FPGA) 
* 2018 The old AROS Exec website closed and a new one opened 
* 2019 AROS One x86 32bit distribution started and now with USB install version 
* Early 2021, backport of more features of 32bit PC ABIv1 into 32bit PC ABIv0 (Aros One 1.5 and above) 
* 2025 year of 64bit pc builds and porting 32bit applications to 64bit ABIv11
* 2026 update of [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6FKTL068ULM&amp;pp=ygUPYXJvcyBhbWlnYSAyMDI2 nvidia nouveau driver for 64bit PC] 


===Bounties===

To help inspire developers with both ideas and monetary incentives, rewards are offered for the successful completion of &quot;bounties&quot; (requests for missing/new functionality) chosen by the community and handled by [http://power2people.org power2people] (formerly done by TeamAROS). A monthly option is [http://www.power2people.org/funds/aros/ here].


Future goals for AROS include expanding its underlying retargetability to support even more diverse architectures, provide memory protection features and user level file security, SMP and many other wonderful features missing from AmigaOS &amp;mdash; while still providing as much source level compatibility as is possible (however it is accepted that to achieve some goals code certain things may require a little recoding).


[http://www.ohloh.net/p/aros/contributors Developers] come and go as with any open source effort and we would like to thank them for their efforts... 

;1996-2000:In DigullaA (coordinator), GripJ, TempletonI (BSD), SchulzM, RittauS, voordenDagL, HolmM, JohanssonT, VanIngelgomH, SteigerwaldM, BortasP, deJongK, AlfredssonJ, InnocentiB, 

;2001-2005:In [http://chodorowski.com/adam/aros.html ChodorowskiA], StegerG, BergerS, HeutlingS, AlemagnaF (gcc), VerhaegenS (rexx), KielH, MatheussenKS (CAMD), SzczygielskiP, ErikssonP, LeCorfecD (Zune), BauerS (Zune), FurlongW, GustafssonJ, AndrewsN, CafferkeyN, GierichM (jpeg), PattonJ, ParsonsM, DietrichJ, SeilerT, BischoffL, LorentzenNH, AdamO, BerglundH, SmithP, HolmenD, BlomM, 

;2006-2010:In FedinP, RusslerM, SzymczykS (owb), SmiechowiczK (openGL), WeissM, NorrisR, BrunnerO, WiszkowskiT, GreppinA, [http://www.fukt.bsnet.se/~bearsoft/ Bearsoft Björn Screwelius], ErbY, CharletF, HodgesC, [http://aros-exec.org/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?topic_id=4819&amp;forum=18&amp;post_id=43103#forumpost43103 HokstadV], McMullanJ (m68k), WilenT (m68k), 

;2011- :In MuijzenbergPHvanden, ALB42, JonesEM, weiju, DizzyofCRN, wawa, miker, 


* 1996 - The linux hosted version for i386 was the first to arrive 
* 1998 - i386, The native version for i386-based PC AT computers and compatibles.
* 2004 - x86/64, The native version for 64-bit (x86_64, amd64) PC computers.
* 2008 - sam440/ppc, The native version for Sam440EP, Sam440EP Flex and Sam460ex computers.
* 2009 - efika, The native version for PowerPC Efika computers.
* 2010 - m68k, The native version for m68k Amigas or WinUAE
* 2013 - raspi/armfh, early native version for ARMv6 based Raspberry Pi computers.
* 2017 - x86/64bit smp 


Debugging capture serial debug at all (especially with sysdebug=all or --sysdebug=all) to see it displayed on screen 

* yes, usb -&gt; rs232 adapters can work most of the time, some of the cheapest ones are not fully compatible with all rs232 devices to capture to another device 
* you will need a null modem cable (or a null modem adapter usually female to female) in addition to the usb -&gt; rs232 adapter (usb adapter is a normal modem ie. the pins are not crossed over) 

Normal modem cable - straight connection DCE 
&lt;pre&gt;
Pin 2 -&gt; Pin 2  RXD
Pin 3 -&gt; Pin 3  TXD 
Pin 5 -&gt; Pin 5  GND
&lt;/pre&gt;

Null modem cable connections DTE 
&lt;pre&gt;
Pin 2 -&gt; Pin 3
Pin 3 -&gt; Pin 2
Pin 5 -&gt; Pin 5
&lt;/pre&gt;
(9pole SUB-D)


&lt;pre&gt;
serial  ser: (amiga/aros)  tty2 tty1USB0 (linux)  COM1 (windows)  (depends on the os being used) 
speed baud transfer rate 9600 38400     lower baud might be more successful 
data bits 8
stop bits 1
parity none
handshaking flow control - none xon/xoff (most likely)  rts/cts  dsr/dtr (pins not connected so should not work) 
&lt;/pre&gt;


*You cannot use compiled aros X86-64 bit software (when ready) on aros X86 32bit. PPC compiled software on X86 and so on. 
*68k is tested with the UAE emulator (WinUAE) but some tests are done on native 68000 based Amigas and others. 
*PPC support is very limited to certain devices. 


If you use the WBStartup, you have to delete the other icons in the folder (readme etc..) and you have to add in the Icon Tooltype the parameter DONOTWAIT

If you use user-startup instead, you need to add the attached command &quot;after assignment to LUA&quot;
C:WBRun DH1:Extras/Utility/WeatherBar/WeatherBar &gt;NIL:
Change the command to match your WeatherBar path.

&lt;pre&gt;
PATH sys:Utilities/WeatherBar ADD
run &gt;nil: lua:amilua weatherforecast.lua
&lt;/pre&gt;

To enter data your Country or City, ist with city_id numbers can be found [http://bulk.openweathermap.org/sample/city.list.json.gz here] or you need to go to [https://www.bbc.com/weather BBC Weather], once you type the name of your city or town in the appropriate tab, and press enter, the 7 numbers to be added in the &quot;WeatherBar&quot; will appear on the Browser url address bar above 


Unicode v16.0 emojis are not supported but [https://github.com/jens-maus/libcodesets codesets.library] provides 

&lt;pre&gt;
internally supported (hardcoded) charsets/codesets are: (conversions are possible from and to each codeset):

    AmigaPL – Polish (Amiga)
    Amiga-1251 – Cyrillic (Amiga)
    ISO-8859-1 – Western European
    ISO-8859-1+Euro – West European (with EURO)
    ISO-8859-2 – Central/East European
    ISO-8859-3 – South European
    ISO-8859-4 – North European
    ISO-8859-5 – Slavic languages
    ISO-8859-9 – Turkish
    ISO-8859-15 – West European II
    ISO-8859-16 – South-Eastern European
    KOI8-R – Russian
    UTF-8 – Unicode

In addition, external charset table files can be stored in LIBS:Charsets or loaded by an application from PROGDIR:Charsets. The charset files included with this distributions are:

    IBM866 – Cyrillic (cp866)
    ISO-8859-7 – Greek (LatinGreek)
    ISO-8859-10 – Nordic (Latin 6)
    windows-1250 – Central/East Europe (Windows)
    windows-1251 – Cyrillic (Windows)
    windows-1252 – West European (Windows)
&lt;/pre&gt;


Icaros 2.3 USB image needs a header stripped so it can work correctly 
 dd bs=512 skip=1 status=progress if=icaros_light_2-3-0_pendrive.bin of=/dev/sdxy &amp;&amp; sync


Scalos 
&lt;pre&gt;
-------------------------------
{ &quot;STRING&quot;,		&quot;ID/K,TEXT/K,SRC/K,TEXTPEN/K,HALIGN/K,STYLE/K,FONT/K,VALIGN/K&quot;,

HALIGN		LEFT | CENTER | RIGHT

VALIGN		TOP | CENTER | BOTTOM

STYLE		NORMAL | BOLD | ITALIC | BOLDITALIC

FONT		// font specification - format: &quot;fontname.font/size&quot;

-------------------------------
arguments for STRING SRC

&quot;diskstate&quot;,		
&quot;diskusage&quot;,		
&quot;diskusagefree&quot;,	
&quot;diskusageinuse&quot;,	
&quot;diskusagepercent&quot;,	
&quot;fibfilename&quot;,	
&quot;filecomment&quot;,	
&quot;filedate&quot;,		
&quot;fileprotection&quot;,	
&quot;filesize&quot;,		
&quot;filetime&quot;,		
&quot;filetypestring&quot;,	
&quot;iconname&quot;,		
&quot;linktarget&quot;,		
&quot;plugin&quot;	pluginname &lt;optional plugin arguments&gt;
&quot;versionstring&quot;,	
&quot;volumecreateddate&quot;,	
&quot;volumecreatedtime&quot;,	
&quot;volumeordevicename&quot;,	

-------------------------------

arguments for HIDE

&quot;novolumenode&quot;,	
&quot;isempty&quot; (some STRING)	

-------------------------------

all internal commands:

&quot;about&quot;,		
&quot;backdrop&quot;,		
&quot;cleanup&quot;,		
&quot;cleanupbyname&quot;,	
&quot;cleanupbydate&quot;,	
&quot;cleanupbysize&quot;,	
&quot;cleanupbytype&quot;,	
&quot;clearselection&quot;,	
&quot;clone&quot;,		
&quot;close&quot;,		
&quot;copy&quot;,		
&quot;cut&quot;,		
&quot;delete&quot;,		
&quot;emptytrashcan&quot;,	
&quot;executecommand&quot;,	
&quot;formatdisk&quot;,		
&quot;iconify&quot;,		
&quot;iconinfo&quot;,		
&quot;lastmsg&quot;,		
&quot;leaveout&quot;,		
&quot;makedir&quot;,		
&quot;open&quot;,		
&quot;parent&quot;,		
&quot;paste&quot;,		
&quot;putaway&quot;,		
&quot;quit&quot;,		
&quot;redraw&quot;,		
&quot;redrawall&quot;,		
&quot;rename&quot;,		
&quot;reset&quot;,		
&quot;selectall&quot;,		
&quot;showallfiles&quot;,	
&quot;showonlyicons&quot;,	
&quot;shutdown&quot;,		
&quot;sizetofit&quot;,		
&quot;snapshot&quot;,		
&quot;snapshotall&quot;,	
&quot;snapshotwindow&quot;,	
&quot;unsnapshot&quot;,		
&quot;update&quot;,		
&quot;updateall&quot;,		
&quot;viewbydate&quot;,		
&quot;viewbyicon&quot;,		
&quot;viewbysize&quot;,		
&quot;viewbytype&quot;,		
&quot;viewbytext&quot;,		
&lt;/pre&gt;


{{status|50%}}
{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>esmlof0h8r8tb1e7iutntlunfi5ixem</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4680482</id>
      <parentid>4680471</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T16:56:29Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jeff1138</username>
        <id>301139</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>4680482</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="140326" sha1="o57x76l6hd8oca6rhvj1u7mgalzec1i" xml:space="preserve">{{ArosNav}}

==What is AROS==

Google translation 
[http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=de&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DAros%2FUser%2FDocs German], [http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=nl&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DAros%2FUser%2FDocs Dutch], [http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=fr&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DAros%2FUser%2FDocs French], [http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=it&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DAros%2FUser%2FDocs Italian], 
[http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=da&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DAros%2FUser%2FDocs Danish], 
[http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=es&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DAros%2FUser%2FDocs Spanish], [http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=hi&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DAros%2FUser%2FDocs Hindi], [http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=zh-CN&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DAros%2FUser%2FDocs Chinese], 
[http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=ru&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DAros%2FUser%2FDocs Russian], 
[http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=pl&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DAros%2FUser%2FDocs Polish], [http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=ja&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DAros%2FUser%2FDocs Japanese], [http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=ko&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DAros%2FUser%2FDocs Korean], 
[http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=pt&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DAros%2FUser%2FDocs Portuguese], 


*Computer Hardware
*AROS (operating system)
*Applications and Games
*User


[http://www.osnews.com/story/15819 AROS] is one of the intermediate levels between the computer hardware and the user. It is an open-source, clean-room implementation of AmigaOS 3.x that can be run on many different computer architectures. It runs primarily on PC x86 32bit and 64bit but also on amiga motorola 68k and compatibles, some ARM like the Pi and Apple Silicon, RISC-V and some old PowerPC. 

This page will cover enough to be able to write the downloaded image to your preferred media, to run a LiveUSB, LiveCD or LiveDVD on your office/home PC (Live meaning you can test without changing your existing setup) and, ultimately, to use it.  

Intel / AMD PC hardware support mostly covers the years 2000 to 2024. At the moment, AROS is '''not''' recommended to be '''installed''' on a working vital data holding machine. Instead, writing to and booting from a '''USB stick''' could be a much better option. 

AROS is an hobby OS and can co-exist with Windows(TM), MacOSX(TM), Android(TM) or Linux(TM) and act as an alternative. 
Unfortunately, Aros has few developers so upgrades and improvements can take [https://sourceforge.net/p/aros/mailman/aros-cvs/ time to appear]. 

AROS core is now [http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Aros/Developer/IncompleteAPIs ~80%] finished and is usable, so keep in mind that the software is still considered ALPHA/BETA and in constant development. Currently AROS is fun to play with on a curiosity level, but it is also interesting to program. AROS has some multimedia features and has internet access.  

Most importantly, use AROS to its maximum potential as it stands now, find ways to have fun with it and share your experiences. 


Good Sites to visit 

: [https://www.arosworld.org/home.php Aros World User forum] 
: [https://arosnews.github.io/ AROS News]
: [https://www.facebook.com/ArosWorkshop/ Aros Workshop], 
: [https://www.osnews.com/topic/amiga-aros/ OSNews] 
: [https://www.reddit.com/r/aros/ Reddit]


: [https://archives.arosworld.org Aros Archives] 
: [https://aminet.net/ Aminet]
: [http://www.amiga-news.de/en/ English translation of German site]


: [https://aros.sourceforge.io AROS] with [https://aros.sourceforge.io/download.html ABIv1 downloads] 
: [https://github.com/aros-development-team/AROS Aros ABIv1 Codebase]
: [https://github.com/aros-development-team/AROS/issues register ABIv1 issues] and [https://sourceforge.net/p/aros/bugs/ old defunct bugs notification site] 


: [https://sites.google.com/view/arosone Aros One x86, x64] 
: [https://tinyarosdistro.flazio.com/ Tiny Aros x86 and x64]
: [https://arosnews.github.io/aros-portable/ AROS portable USB3 stick images of hosted Aros One x86 and x64 on debian] 
: [http://vmwaros.blogspot.com Icaros Desktop x86 now on sabbatical, very old edition] 
: [https://sites.google.com/site/arosaspireone AspireOS, of the netbook Aspire One, very old edition] 
: [https://github.com/deadwood2 Deadwood's builds], [https://www.axrt.org/download/aros/v11/ v11 64bit PC builds], [https://axrt.org/downloads-aros Updated i386 32bit PC builds], 
: [https://github.com/ezrec Ezrec x86 m68k mirror of old svn version]


: [http://arosalive.blogspot.co.uk/p/10-basic-aros-how-tos-tutorials.html Basic How To guides] 
: [http://arosgamer.blogspot.co.uk/ AROS Playground], [http://thewetmachine.net/tag/aros/ Jess Wet Machine], [https://aroshacking.wordpress.com/ Jon Robertson's AROS Experiences and FPC Free Pascal], [], 
:[http://www.apollo-accelerators.com/ Apollo Accelerators m68k], [http://www.amigablogs.net/ Amiga Blogs], [http://blog.a-eon.biz/blog/ Trevor Dickinson blog], 


: [https://forum.amiga.org/ Amiga OS AOS 3.x forum] 
: [http://eab.abime.net/ EAB Amiga] 
: [http://www.amigaworld.net/ AmigaWorld] 
: [http://www.ppa.pl/ Polish Amiga Like News] 
: [http://www.apollo-core.com/ Apollo Forum] 
: [https://amigaalive.blogspot.com/ AmigaAlive]
: [https://www.amigalove.com/software Disk Mags]
: [https://amigachristmastree.ultimateamiga.com/ Xmas Amiga Game Jam]
: [https://www.reddit.com/r/amiga/ Amiga]


== Distributions aka Distros ==

For end users there are distributions (ready made with selected apps aiming to be easy to use), mostly created and maintained by one person in their own workflow/style. They reuse the nightly boot compiles to suit their needs and possibly other end users. You are free to create your own if required. 

* For native 64bit Intel/AMD: [https://sites.google.com/view/arosone Aros One x64], [https://tinyarosdistro.flazio.com/ Tiny Aros],
* For native 32bit Intel/AMD which will run on 64bit machines: [https://sites.google.com/view/arosone Aros One x86], [https://www.tinyaros.it/ Tiny Aros], 
* For native 68k [https://sites.google.com/view/arosone Aros One m68k], [http://www.aros-platform.de/ AROS Vision], 

'''Please, keep in mind that the distros listed above use a different ABI (abi v11) , which is NOT binary compatible with the official ABI V1.'''
* For hosted Linux usb drive image [https://arosnews.github.io/aros-portable/ x64 Debian hosted version of Aros One], 
* For hosted ARM there is [https://github.com/jonx/AROS-AArch64/releases alpha for Apple Silicon] and [https://aros.sourceforge.io/nightly1.html RaspberryPi Pi3, Pi4, Pi400, Pi5, 500+ raspi-aarch64-system native 64bit] 


AROS was originally developed on Linux but can run on an Intel-based Linux distro as an app. As time has gone on, it can be run as an app on many more operating systems (Windows, FreeBSD, Linux and limited on MacOS). This may sound strange: an OS running on top of another OS. 
Basically, this is to take advantage of drivers (audio, internet, graphics, etc.) and compiler environments, in the existing OS, with which people may be already familiar. The term we use for what AROS does is &quot;Hosted&quot;. 

AROS Native is the term coined to describe AROS being run without any OS underneath it. It runs alone just like AmigaOS(TM) did. As this version does not benefit from &quot;Hosted&quot; drivers, dedicated ones have to be ported/written. Hence the smaller range of supported hardware / peripherals. We have other pages highlighting this support 


AROS is open source so basically everyone can take part. The source is public on github and there are new commits most days. AROS is automatically compiled daily, result are the nightly builds hosted on Sourceforge. The nightly builds are only used for testing changes, testing software and the starting point for distribution maintainers or even your own distribution. They are very basic, miss some functionality and apps like web browsers and generic general appearance which can be changed. 

* The [https://sourceforge.net/projects/aros/files/nightly2/ Nightly2], [http://aros.sourceforge.net/download.php nightly builds File Release Service] or [http://aros.sourceforge.net/downloads/ Sourceforge Project Web builds] are made automatically every night directly from the Github and in the past, SVN (Subversion) tree and contain the latest code for the AROS operating system. It should be noted that the builds have not been tested in any way and can be horribly broken but usually are not. 

*ABIv1 standard for most nightly builds, it is where the most work is done by developers 
*ABIv11 offspring aka fork of 64bit PC ABIv1 i.e. another PC 64bit build 
*ABIv0 standard for PC 32bit intel / amd PC distributions for historic reasons 


==Media==

AROS media tends to boot in this tier list of media types, first internal HDD SSD, CD DVD drive, and finally usb drive (last two can depend on bios boot order) 

* USB .VHD 

[https://sites.google.com/view/arosone Aros One x86 and x64], with md5 below 

&lt;pre&gt;
0a656d53a9c902e9934000d8392e30ec *ArosOne-USB-1.3-64Bit.zip
7dd7119ab3e56d75ee852c137226b4d7 *ArosOne-USB-v1.2-x86_64-v11.zip
cf906eeaad4a83b3520b1896bdc6b0d3 *ArosOne-USB-v1.1-x86_64-v11.zip

e2eb8fe8cfd61c567b0152a61cf85251 *ArosOne-x86-v2.8-USB-IMG.zip
559909c75c2f56472c74267a7d075355 *ArosOne-x86-v2.7-USB-IMG.zip
93da5898508c1a8c05bb8991ab7bd117 *AROS One Image-USB-2.4.zip
59fcabd7090e47f12d54f7eb78cf0f45 *ArosOne-x86-v2.2-USB-Image.zip
24fb8de726ae8fc5fe5bac6d30f03dc5  ArosOne-x86-v2.0-USB-Image.zip
f3d725e990072edce633b59747911b6b  ArosOne-x86-v1.8-USB-IMG.zip
e089a24ae310e92fcc407a0125602ce8  Aros-One x86-IMG-USB-v1.6.zip
&lt;/pre&gt; 


[https://tinyaros.flazio.com/ Tiny AROS]

22bc993625b7c75b17263c0cc7e7baaa *Tiny Aros_copy.vhd (March 2024) 


There is usually a vhd image inside the zip that can be written to USB sticks which is so much faster than the old ISO written to physical CD DVD method. This .vhd can be written to an USB stick / ssd with these pieces of software below but it will erase the previous contents from the usb 

Windows - [https://www.raspberrypi.com/software/ RPi Raspberry Imager, use custom and see all files], [https://hddguru.com/software/HDD-Raw-Copy-Tool/ HDD-Raw-Copy-Tool], [https://rufus.ie/ Rufus up to version 3.20 may work with VirtualBox HD vhd images with Win7 but not some Rufus 4.x versions], [https://etcher.balena.io/ Balena Etcher but may spy on you], 

Linux   - [https://www.raspberrypi.com/software/ Raspberry Imager Ubuntu], Suse Image / Multi writer, dd, 

Mac     - 


* Virtual Machine .ISO or CDs DVDs 

 The native iso images are currently not compatible with Ventoy, Yumi, MultiBootUSB, Easy2Boot E2B, or similar 

&lt;pre&gt;
617a905b1665128c5e05f94dcc48e7f1 *AROS-One-v1.3-64Bit-v11.zip
11c8a147fcad7ecf52ae3a43e1934b69 *ArosOne-DVD-v1.2-x86_64-v11.zip
f93053d3b9ccf304d7e6ac3389e1987b *ArosOne-DVD-v1.1-x86_64-v11.zip

86d808a40dc7be389a758799a9b4f595 *ArosOne-x86-v2.0-ISO-DVD.zip
f1fc8599ef6a39e5df394e0f41d55526 *AROS-One-x86-ISO-DVD-v1.6.zip
&lt;/pre&gt;


You can use a virtual emulator like VirtualBox, VMWare to mount the iso image which can then be used to boot and/or install to USB. 

No current software can write an AROS ISO to a Pendrive. The author of ‘Rufus’ (who used an Amiga 500 as a child) once tried, but when he saw the system composition, he said he was unable to do it.

The solution is to boot the ISO from a VM (WMware, VBox), then install the AROS build on the Pendrive, which will eventually become a Live Pendrive that can be booted on a PC.

The only precaution is that in some cases it is necessary to thoroughly clean the Pendrive of any partitions and remove any bootloader that is not AROS. The Pendrive must remain raw without any partitions.

You can clean the USB stick on a PC with a program that manages hard disks. You need to do a partition wipe. On some USB sticks, you can clean it with InstallAROS.
For some USB pendrives, please use a reputable partition editor to remove any and all partitions from a usb pendrive as HDToolbox cannot do this task sometimes with a wipe all option. 


Previously the only installation option was CD-RW or DVD-RW, since the whole system can be burnt onto a single disk and can be reused when the next version is released. Good branded discs like Taiyo Yuden (later JVC) or Verbatim should be used to reduce frustration later. The days for this media is gone but kept here for information 

Since nobody currently sells AROS on any other media, you will need access to a CD/DVD burner to create the installation disk yourself. After it is on a CD or DVD, then access and writing to USB pendrives becomes available (this should be viewed as an outdated or last resort alternative method now), as well as using good USB manufacturers like Sandisk, Kingston, etc. rather than some other no-names. 

Try burning it to a CD-RW or DVD-RW using your CD/DVD burning program (most burning software have a burn iso option). The ideal writing speed is 2x or 4x, higher speeds can give errors and problems.  Check the writing integrity of your CD or DVD if your software has an option to do so before going any further. 

Standalone portable usb cd dvd drives do not boot physical burnt discs, please use an internal ide sata drive instead. 


* SD-card
For [https://aros.sourceforge.io/nightly1.html ARM Pi Aros 64bit], copy the files onto a FAT32 formatted micro SD card. 


==Booting==

The LiveUSB, and in the past LiveCD LiveDVD, is designed to trial (test drive) various operating systems without having to install them to your working system. 

Since 2011, UEFI was introduced to replace the original PC BIOS which made booting media more confusing. Some changes in the UEFI/bios may be needed 

*go into the bios using esc, f2 or f? and disable the Security -&gt; Secure Boot and maybe apply option for Legacy IDE mode 
*you may have to press F9, F10 or F12 or p on boot up to present a device boot options like USB or CD/DVD 
*disable the Fast Boot config so it would recognize portable DVD-drive and changed the Boot-sequence

Secure boot was introduced by Microsoft and later consortium, control what operating systems work with Secure Boot via shims. 
For Aros, it is best to disable and save the turn off change to Secure Boot (if you dual boot with Windows this will cause issues with further Window boots) 

 For the best experience, it is advised to install to another SSD than the one Windows resides on. 

The grub part of the boot should be fully automatic, and you should see a multiple choice graphic card screen after 10 seconds for USB or 40 seconds CDs and DVDs. 
If boot does not occur within a minute, please reboot and choose the VGA boot option as it relays a message stream so you can see where the issue lies. 

After the grub graphics choice, AROS takes over the booting and any issues can arise here 

If possible please use a branded usb pen drive as most of the time when we get reports of &quot;crashes right after grub boot selection&quot; it is mostly due to the recorded pendrive as they are made, notoriously on a will it work / will it fail nature, every time it is used. 
&lt;pre&gt;
So one usb drive written may stop at a System halted. Reset the machine. 
Or another pendrive will show give errors Smart Filesystem request - Volume 'Aros Live Drive' (DU0: usbscsi.device unit 0) There was an error while accessing this volume: 
Or if a FAT32 partition present - FAT filesystem - Device USBSCSI0P1 has a read error on block xxxxxxxx - 
&lt;/pre&gt;
Sadly, no drive even branded are resistant or totally reliable, so the only solution is to try another pendrive, and possibly to repeat, until no errors. 
It will give an indication on how reliable the usb drive could be. 


=====Advice for various machines=====

Some of the stages involved and shown on the display in a typical AROS boot start up 

&lt;pre&gt;
[MultiLoader]
[ELF Loader]
[Boot]

[HPET] 
[Kernel:ACPI]
[Kernel:APIC-IA32]
[Kernel:SMP APIC]
[HiddStorage]

ACPI: ????
ACPI Error 
[ACPI]AcpiOs????
[BattClock] Got RTC century offset 0x32 from ACPI 

[PCI] Scanning bus ? 
[AHCI] Sata 
[Vesa]  only if vesa is chosen as graphics option 

[ATA] detect hd &amp; cd drives 
[ATA0?] ata-identity 
[packet] fat.handler be.handler, etc. 
[DOS] 
[Storage:Bus]
[Storage:Controller]

[MSS] USB setup
[ehciInit] Port ? maps to controller ? 

[I2C] 
[ATI]
[drm] nouveau 
[AROSTCP]   if you have network driver prefs set up to start when booting 


&lt;/pre&gt;

; If boot fails, please give us some indication (pictures or videos) where the boot stops and the message(s) on screen. 


AROS's native SATA/AHCI driver doesn't always work. If you get errors related to ahci.device, try disabling it. At your chosen boot entry in the GRUB menu, Press E, scroll down to the ahci.device entry, and add a # or ; at the start of that line or delete it with Ctrl-K. Then press Ctrl-X or F10 to boot. 

If your disk isn't accessible at all with this change, you might need to change the SATA controller to IDE legacy mode in the BIOS: however, making this change will likely cause problems booting Windows on the same machine (if it's already installed). To disable ahci.device permanently, edit the text file &quot;SYS:Arch/pc/grub/grub.cfg&quot;, and remove the ahci.device line from all boot entries you intend to use.

SATA AHCI Timeout while waiting for device to complete operations with BIOS SATA entry set to AHCI mode stops at &quot;waiting for bootable media&quot; screen, changing BIOS SATA setting back to IDE mode may allow it to continue booting 

The ATA driver doesn't always work. If you get errors related to ata.device, try using the alternative in sys:devs/alt which is an older version.  Press E when your chosen boot entry is highlighted in the GRUB menu, scroll down to the ata.device entry, and change it to read &quot;module /Devs/Alt/ata.device&quot;. Then press Ctrl-X to boot. To make this change permanent, edit the text file &quot;SYS:Arch/pc/grub/grub.cfg&quot;, and change the path to ata.device in all boot entries you intend to use.


Further options (removing the &quot; &quot;) to add to the GRUB menus to disable certain other components for debugging:

&lt;pre&gt;
Disable AHCI                        &quot;AHCI=disable&quot;
Disable NVME                        &quot;NVME=disable&quot;

Disable ATA:                        &quot;ATA=disable&quot;
Disable ATA:                        &quot;ATA=nopci,nolegacy&quot;
ATA safe mode:                      &quot;ATA=nodma,32bit&quot;
Disable IDE from SATA:              &quot;ATA=32bit,nosata2pata&quot;
VIA / SIS with cdrom read io errors &quot;ATA=nodma,nopoll&quot; 

noacpi                   all [PCI] devices to be invisible to AROS. disk drives work but network, sound won't 
acpi=strict              if there are issues with sound after boot 

noioapic                 alternative to no acpi 

Set AHCI                            &quot;AHCI=force150/force300/force600&quot;
Disable AHCI/SATA:       comment out with a # ; or remove ahci.device line with Ctrl-K

Disable USB:             comment out # ; or remove pciusb.device and poseidon.library lines with Ctrl-K
Disable native graphics: &quot;nomonitors&quot;
USB3                     &quot;USB=xhci&quot; 
&lt;/pre&gt; 

Other useful grub command line options - nomonitors, noacpi, vesahack, nopoll 

Press Ctrl and X together (or F10) to exit and boot with the new options. Just experiment with different variations until successful. Those working options will need to be reused with every reboot of AROS until you can edit the grub.cfg and make it permanent i.e. install to hard disk or USB. 


* If you use VESA mode, you can see the debug log if you add 'vesahack' to the command  line.  This  will set up split-screen mode. In the upper half you'll see AROS screen, in the bottom - debug log. 
* ACPI ie. PCI hardware - If  you  get  crashes  at  early boot, try adding 'NOACPI' to the command line 


If you're having boot issues and have a null modem cable and a spare pc, a boot log is always useful. Edit your grub line to include debug=serial but would try with an with sysdebug=all in the line later as it can cause issues booting on machines with sysdebug=all enabled (corrupts the cpu initialization). 

However, if you feel you have found a genuine bug/fault in AROS that needs attention, please use the [http://sourceforge.net/tracker/?atid=439463&amp;group_id=43586&amp;func=browse bug submission form] to record as much information about what happened, why, and what hardware etc. you have so that people may try to assist you 


For Virtual machines VMWare VirtualBox, etc., attach and press play to start the ISO image 

If booting hasn't worked then it could be down to Bios/UEFI settings  


=====nvme.device=====

 Since 2018, nvme drives are standard on most machines 

The requirement is that a PC can boot with legacy mode/BIOS at the moment - Now as far as hardware goes on a newer machine with an NVME drive you may need to add NVME=disable as the NVME driver could potentially cause lockups. 

 This is still in testing and its' use should not be on or near precious own data 


=====AHCI=====

 Starting taking over since 2011 on a lot of machines 

* Check that UEFI (replacement for PC BIOS) has options set to remove UEFI SecureBoot option and apply CSM 
* SATA drive is set for Legacy or a mixture AHCI/IDE and not AHCI 


 AHCI sata can be very difficult to get working

Most Windows installs are already set to AHCI sata, changing this to a legacy IDE mode setting can help but please check if Windows will still boot. Some hardware like Lenovo laptops do not always like being set in legacy mode so only use as a last resort and aware of issues that can be caused. 

Now as far as hardware goes on a newer machine with an NVME drive you may need to add NVME=disable as the NVME driver could potentially cause lockups. 

With a 16C/32T chip machine, disable SMT and it should boot. 


=====ata.device for old BIOS's =====

 Pre 2010 this was the de facto standard method of providing settings to the computer at a lower level 

Some adjustments to the BIOS setup options are necessary (usually by pressing a key like DEL, F1, F2, F12 or ESC, p on the very early boot up of the computer). 

*Adjust booting options like moving USB hdd, CDROM higher as it is quite often disabled or placed lower by default, i.e. USB hdd, CD/DVD are placed at the top above the hard drive. Try looking here [http://www.windowsreinstall.com/articles/bios/ Windows] or [http://www.hiren.info/pages/bios-boot-cdrom Bios] or [http://www.wikihow.com/Set-Bios-to-Boot-from-a-CD-ROM Boot] or web search &quot;BIOS BOOT CDROM&quot;

* At the '''SAME''' time, check if the SATA/AHCI option is set to Emulate or IDE Legacy, though this can have '''issues''' with any OS already on the hard disk. If in doubt, do nothing and seek advice. 

* check that under BIOS settings you '''DO NOT''' have plug&amp;play OS selected as Aros at this point is unable to route interrupts on its own and needs the BIOS to do that. 

'''Save''' options changed at the end. 

PCITool can show if the motherboard chipset is in IDE mode. 
Class = 0x01 means STORAGE, Subclass = 0x01 means IDE. Also ProductID 0x3a20 resolves to non-AHCI mode in Intel ICH10 documentation.


==Installing==

We have a separate section [https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Aros/Platforms/x86_installing here]

We have a specific section for each CPU platform under the Specific platforms in the NavBar navigation bar on the right hand side menu 

error code (-6) when using the ahci.device (has writing to disk problem but not reading) is enabled. change this line in your grub and reboot 

&lt;pre&gt;
#module /Devs/ahci.device      &lt;&lt; disable
module /Devs/Alt/ata.device    &lt;&lt; add this line instead
&lt;/pre&gt;


==File structure overview==

AROS' directory structure is mostly identical to AmigaOS directory structure, with some additions.

AROS: or SYS: also known as DH0: (i.e. the drive partition with AROS system) has the following simplified list of the main drawers (Amigas term for directories/folders). 


{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|boot:
| grub bootloader 
|----
|C:
| small apps, where AROS looks first for applications/games but will look at Tools, System afterwards
|----
|Classes:
| .class as well as datatypes 
|----
|Devs:
| .device .resource and in their own drawers (folders) .audio, .hidd, network, graphics 
|----
|L:
| where .handler files go 
|----
|Libs:
| where .library files go 
|----
|Locale:
| where help guide txt readme files go 
|----
|Prefs:
| applications that adjust or setup AROS functions and capabilities 
|----
|S:
| startup scripts (for the aros boot process '''not''' grub) are stored here
|----
|Storage:
| place to keep old or alternative device drivers
|----
|System:
| applications associated with AROS operating system
|----
|Tools:
| extra applications
|----
|Utilities:
| extra applications
|----
|WBStartup:
| copy applications here to autostart with needed icons, drawers, data etc
|----
|}

See [[Aros/User/DOS#Drives.2C_Files.2C_Assigns.2C_Directories|DOS manual: Drives, Files, Assigns, Directories]]


=== Filesystem ===

Whilst the kernel is the heart, the filesystem is the blood of the system they are split into two categories (only a few are supported) 
&lt;pre&gt;
Journalling     - SFS PFS3 but also NTFS ZFS XFS ext4 
Non-journaling  - FFS FAT32(VFAT) but also exFAT BtrFS ext2  
&lt;/pre&gt;

Filesystem options for AROS to install 
* SFS default 
* Professional File System PFS3 on most architectures 
* FFS very old now but left in for legacy usage 0x444f5301 

Other [https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=driver/filesystem filesystems] for storage purposes 
* FAT32 favorite as most OSs support 
* NTFS (can lock AROS) 
* exFAT there is a [https://www.jkn.me/blog/bringing-exfat-to-aros/ standalone version] as well as the fuse based one 

The only filesystems that really NEED defragging (i.e. disk tidy up) are from Microsoft(TM) - exFAT/VFAT/NTFS
*SFS tries to do exactly the same thing, but in certain cases it doesn't do as well as PFS. But you can defrag SFS 
*PFS *minimises* the amount of fragmentation, but does not automatically defrags as it saves files to the drive 

The setup of the below filesystems is usually done by the distro maintainer but if not....
&lt;pre&gt;
Copy L/exfat-handler L:

DOSDriver or Mountlist entry for an exFAT partition make sure that the FileSystem and Handler are set as follows:

FileSystem     = exfat-handler
DosType        = 0x46415458
&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;pre&gt;
Copy L/ntfs3g-handler L:

DOSDriver or Mountlist entry for an NTFS partition make sure that the FileSystem and Handler are set as follows:

FileSystem     = ntfs3g-handler
DosType        = 0x4e544653

Also to make a read-only mount you can set:

Control        = ro
&lt;/pre&gt;


The Smart File System (SFS) is a journaling filesystem used on Amiga computers and AmigaOS-derived operating systems. It is designed for performance, scalability and integrity, offering improvements over standard Amiga filesystems as well as some special or unique features.  

SFS is written in C and was originally created and released as freeware in 1998 by John Hendrikx. After the original author left the Amiga scene in 2000, the source code to SFS was released and its development continued by Ralph Schmidt in MorphOS. 

Its development has now forked; as well as the original Amiga version, there are now versions for MorphOS, AROS, AmigaOS 3, and a version for AmigaOS 4, which have different feature sets but remain compatible to each other.  Versions for AROS, AmigaOS and MorphOS are based on different branches.  

In addition, there is a driver for Linux to read Amiga SFS volumes, GRUB natively supports it and there are free drivers to use it from UEFI.  The Linux version is [http://home.elka.pw.edu.pl/~mszyprow/programy/asfs/ independent code].  

SFS (Smart File System) partially defragments itself while the filesystem is in use. The defragmentation process is almost completely stateless 

AROS SFS version has a 120GB partition size limit on hard disks and DVDs current 4gig size limit. 
The sources for the MorphOS 64-bit version of SFS were available but no porting to AROS has happened so far due to endian issues, etc. 

SFS Tools 
* GUI - arSFSDoctor, 
* CLI - sfscheck , [http://www.portacall.org/ sfsundelete], sfsformat, setcache hits a usability ceiling around the 10GB / 100,000 file mark, 

 sfscheck dh0: seek purge fraglist defragment

If there are two simultaneous file writes in progress and you reboot machine (or it locks up or crashes) you may end up with a corrupted filesystem. Although arSFSDoctor may help, you might have to copy the files to another partition, format the partition with the errors on and copy the files back. 


 FileSystem     = pfs3-handler
 DosType        = 0x50465303 

 Max Transfers  = 0x1fe00 

PFS handler v19.1 is way more advanced and much much faster than the FFS. FFS is supported for legacy reasons only. 
The Professional File System (PFS) is a filesystem originally developed commercially for the Amiga and now distributed on Aminet with a 4-clause BSD license. It is a compatible successor of AmiFileSafe (AFS), with an emphasis on added reliability and speed compared to standard 1980s Amiga filesystems.  It also features multi-user abilities like the older MuFS. 

PFS has so many advantages including the important things, speed, the ability to recover all deleted files even simply same name by typing the command &quot;. Deldir&quot; convenient if done in Directory Opus, virtually deleted files are copied normally as if they had never been deleted, other convenience is to not ever invalidate the filesystem, just put it on top of the startup-sequence command &quot;diskvalid&quot;, which automatically corrects any irregularities in the system startup; PFS also provides a device for floppy which makes them very fast and takes advantage of the full capacity of the floppy including the area dedicated to the bootloader.

The device is split into two main areas. At the beginning of the device is the metadata section, which consists of a root block, and a generic array of blocks that can be allocated to store metadata. The rest of the device is another contiguous generic array of blocks that can be allocated to store data. The metadata section usually uses a few percent of the device, depending on the size of the device.

The metadata is stored as a tree of single blocks in the metadata section. The entire directory structure is recorded in the metadata, so the data section purely contains data from files. The metadata describes the location of data in files with extents of blocks, which makes the metadata quite compact.   

When a metadata update occurs, the system looks at the block containing the metadata to be changed, and copies it to a newly allocated block from the metadata section, with the change made, then it recursively changes the metadata in the block that points to that block in the same way. This way, eventually the root block needs to be changed, which causes the atomic metadata update.   

The filesystem is reasonably good at keeping files unfragmented, although there is a defragmentation tool available which will work on an online filesystem ie whilst being used. 

It was the first filesystem to introduce the concept of the Recycle Bin natively at filesystem-level to the Amiga, holding the last few deleted files in a hidden directory on the disk root.  

PFS version 5.3 was developed in C and a small portion of assembly code by Michiel Pelt.  There are endian issues to be overcome and adapting the small amount of m68k to C before use on intel based machines, etc. [https://github.com/tonioni/pfsdoctor PFSdoctor] might be used to check the filesystem. 


Autoupdate of files in a directory is already implemented in Wanderer, but not all file systems handle dos.library/StartNotify() in its full extent. It seems to work correctly in Ram Disk (thanks to AmberRAM handler), and it also works on SFS formatted devices. Other file systems might not yet have it implemented correctly though. 

The PC equivalent of the Amiga's RDB is the master boot record (MBR).


===Installing Applications===

The typical means to install applications under AROS/AmigaOS involves simply copying/extracting the archive (.zip .lha .rar .tar.gz) file containing the applications files to your own desired location i.e. drawer/folder. Once extracted, launching it by double clicking on an icon (recommended) or using the shell (alternative). Generally, this is on a separate partition from your AROS system files, however in reality it can be any location - including RAM: if you don't want it staying around too long especially when you switch off. 

At some time in the future it may be desirable for AROS to have a package-manager like subsystem able to retrieve information online about packages available for AROS and whether they update anything you currently have installed, however at the moment no such ability exists.


===User Data files===

AmigaOS has no notion of a default location to store user data files, and presently neither does AROS - though it may be desirable at some time to provide a common start location.

Some people, have extra small FAT32 partition(s) using HDToolbox, and not Qparted, to store data especially if a reinstall is ever needed. And then setup the usual Sys: (DH0:) and maybe Work: (DH1:) / Live USB (DU0:) and maybe Briefcase (DU1:) partitions. 


===User Environment configuration files===

AmigaOS/AROS stores persistent system configuration data in directory assigned to ENVARC:.  This, by default, points to SYS:Prefs/EnvArc.

During boot a copy is made to another assign, ENV:, which is for runtime usage.  Changes to the files here will not survive a reboot.

Setting the env variables is generally done by applications themselves, or when necessary by the user using the SetEnv command. SetEnv has a SAVE switch to force the persistent copy in ENVARC: to be written also for when you are sure the change should be permanent.

Under the standard installation of AmigaOS style OSs, ENVARC: is copied to ENV: upon startup, which, if you have a hard drive installation, is in RAM:, hence, ENV: ends up being RAM:Env.

ENVARC: is the Environment Archive, which is the permanent copy of ENV:, which is the Environment.  It's roughly like the Registry in Windoze. 

Most programs do (and all should) store their settings in ENVARC: somewhere, and load them from ENV:.  The effect of this can be seen in the Preference editors.  If you Save your preferences, they go in ENVARC: and ENV:.  If you click Use, they only go in ENV:.  If you reboot, normally, anything saved to ENV: is lost, and is replaced with a copy of what is in ENVARC:.

you can set the default public screen for any tool started from a cli with the PUBSCREEN variable. So open the pubscreen, set PUBSCREEN to the name and start newcli for example, then the new cli window (and all following windows opened from that window) will appear on that public screen.


===Drivers===

For certain hardware, e.g audio, networking and , there is no auto setup. Just like the original Amiga OS. 
For audio, use AHI in the Prefs folder to set Music and at least Unit 0 with the appropriate driver and press Save. For ethernet and wifi, please use SYS:Prefs/Network 

All hardware support is placed in the Devs drawer (folder/directory). The network drivers &lt;something.device&gt; go in the Networks sub-drawer. Audio drivers &lt;something.audio&gt; are put in the AHI sub-drawer. Graphics drivers &lt;something.hidd&gt; are put in the Drivers sub-drawer. 


==Configuring==

AROS has mainly decided on a MUI-like requester&amp;menu clone called Zune so changing the background, icons, font, menus can be done with SYS:Prefs/Zune 

AROS has several desktop GUI front ends like 
* DOpus5 Magellan II, Wanderer and Scalos (medium) 
* AROS Workbench, Workbook (smaller) 

File / Directory managers like Dopus4, MCAmiga, 

App Launch Shortcuts like FKey, BoingIconBar, right mouse click on magellan, wanderer desktop, Amistart, etc. 

General usability decisions - Prefs/IControl, Prefs/Locale, Prefs/Input, Prefs/Fonts, 


Select an icon with left mouse button and then right click the mouse button and selecting Icon -&gt; Information gains access to the tooltypes tab where information can be edited 

CLI in icon's tooltypes means 'run it as if it was run from shell'
If, on the other hand, the WB parameter (or no parameter) is present in Tooltypes, Wanderer will execute the binary and, if provided, the options included in Tooltypes. 

WBxCLI is very useful for adding options to DOS Commands.

Important: AROS has a different way of managing icons. If you have an executable file, you will never be able to add a project icon. AROS will automatically recognise that it is an executable file and will transform the icon into a tool icon.


Icons are typically now .png pictures renamed as .info e.g. so Office application name would have a Office.png renamed as Office.info or MyApp.png as MyApp.info, etc.  

Leave Out menu option to leave app icon on desktop 

To select multiple icons and save their positions, click on the first icon and after while you hold the Shift key down select further icons and don't release it before SnapShot is finished.  You can also select a whole group of icons by pressing the LMB at the top left of the icons and while keeping the LMB down moving the power towards the bottom right. A expanding bounding box will appear and all the icons within it will be selected.  

Clean Up menu option (right mouse button -&gt; Icons) rearranges icons in a drawer or disk window into a neater condition. To use, open the window to rearrange and select Clean Up. To keep the icons in the new positions, select all the icons (shift key or mouse selection) and select 'Snapshot' and then Window and then again with All.  

In DOpus5, Scalos, wanderer, most files have an icon file associated with it. To change the default tool, select Icon menu, Information, and change the default tool string. For example, you could use Multiview, Editor and so on for most text, graphics and some sound files as long as the appropriate Datatype classes are installed. For scripts, set the tool to C:IconX 


We have new Icon edit tools in progress but if you need to...
 C:Join Image1.png Image2.png TO MyFile.info
is enough to make a dual state icon from two png images. You can then use Wanderer's menu Icon/Information on it to edit its fields and tooltypes.

[https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=graphics/icon AISS toolbar images] unpack unarc them into RAM: and copy Images directory to SYS:Prefs/Presets/  AISS icons are looked for in PROGDIR:, PROGDIR:Images, SYS:Prefs/Presets/Images and then in TBImages: according to Open Amiga guidelines.  

there is Demos/iconscale which could be launched from S:User-Startup with two arguments, telling it the horizontal and vertical size. IE something like 
 Demos/iconscale 40 40
It will shrink icons... not sure if it will be very nice though. it doesn't work for the icons on the main desktop. 

there is an option to scale an icon to a bounding box afair, try iconsize followed by two numbers, like:
 iconsize 32 32

Is there any way in AROS to change an icon type from Project to Tool or vice versa?
Either the SIT option of [ ProcessIcon], or the TYPE option of HandleInfo (not sure if this one works at all, please test with care).
 processicon sys:pathoftheicon SIT=Project 

SIT Set type of ICON. Allowed types are: &quot;Disk&quot;, &quot;Drawer&quot;, &quot;Tool&quot;,  &quot;Project&quot;, &quot;Garbage&quot;, &quot;Device&quot;, &quot;Kick&quot; and &quot;AppIcon&quot;.

Btw, are your icons, the #?.info files, writable, is the W flag set ?


'''Decoration''' is Aros' way to provides a way to hide the old Workbench 3.1 style of windows and screens. In Prefs/Appearance some decorative theming elements need work 

Themes - SYS:Prefs -&gt; Appearance 
The default content of Prefs/Env-Archive/SYS/themes.var should be &quot;themes:ice&quot; but can be changed via the Appearance prefs, please do NOT click the Use button. Its useless. As you know, it will ask for the theme volume. Just pick the theme you want, click on Save, then reboot. 

* Decoration is on. Any time trying to change theme, you get: &quot;Please insert volume Theme: in any drive&quot;? 
You could check if you find SYS:System/Themes or if it is missing. Then you could open startup-sequence which you can find in drawer &quot;S&quot;. There should be a line: 
 Assign THEMES: SYS:SYSTEM/THEMES &gt;Nil: 
This does the trick. 
Open a shell and run: 
 Assign THEMES: SYS:SYSTEM/THEMES 
Than start the Theme prefs again... this should work 

* The theme is the only thing that could slow the system a bit, but it's not that performance impacting on most uses, and you can switch it off completely. Remove C:Decoration from the bottom of the file sys:s/startup-sequence. 

In each theme directory is 
*Env-Archive -&gt; Zune -&gt; global.prefs
*images -&gt; Gadgets -&gt; 20x20 pngs for Down etc 
*menu -AmigaKey - Background - Checkmark - SubMenu and config
*system - Arrowdown, Arrowleft, Arrowright, Arrowup, etc 


There is an [https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=graphics/theme ALua/Zulu script] built for faster Wanderer skin management. You can modify config files, install new (wdz format/zipped skin files) and delete skins via the Theme Manager. This has not been updated in a long time and may not work. 


Certain features are added if from Tools/Commodities like Blanker screensaver, ClickToFront and DepthMenu with .info icons are selected and dragged to /WBStartup folder 

Most apps can be autostarted by copying into SYS:WBStartup directory folder 
e.g. WeatherBar.zip can be downloaded, unzip and the contents of the zip copied to wbstartup folder 
 ClicktoFront and .info to SYS:WBStartup so always be activated when turning on the computer 

or add a text line to user-startup is SYS:S (scripts version of wbstartup) 

e.g. standard Amiga / AROS does not allow clicking of background windows to come to the front to make it easy to get to the window you need but it has the ability if these apps are copied again to WBStartUp or are added to SYS:S/user-startup script 

 run QUIET sys:Tools/Commodities/ClickToFront &gt;Nil: 
 run QUIET sys:Tools/Commodities/DepthMenu &gt;Nil: 
 run QUIET sys:Tools/Commodities/Blanker seconds=300 &gt;Nil: 


Exchange controls Commodities and can be opened with alt, ctrl, h 

*AltKeyQ uses left Alt key to add strange letters 
*AutoPoint 
*Blanker screensaver 
*ClickToFront allows windows to be easily brought to the front 
*DepthMenu adds menu to select window easily 
*NoCapsKey
*Opaque 
*FKey - Although there are heaps of docks, menus and other launcher programs on the Amiga like OSs, FKey has got to be one of the quickest once learnt ways to launch programs, and it comes with the OS. In SYS:Tools/Commodities, the FKey commodity (Ctrl Alt F) allows you to make actions assigned to some combinations of keys 

&lt;pre&gt;
ALT TAB       Cycle Windows
              Cycle Screens
              Enlarge Window
              Shrink Window
              Toggle Window Size
              Insert Text
              Run Program
              Run Arexx Script
&lt;/pre&gt;

e.g.
&lt;pre&gt;
LAmiga F1               = Avail Flush
LAmiga F2               = Open Prefs
LAmiga F3               = Finder
Alt Tab                 = Cycle Windows
LAmiga Tab or M         = Cycle Screens
Alt Up arrow            = Enlarge Window 
Alt Down arrow          = Shrink Window
Alt Home                = Toggle Window Size 
                        = Insert Text             
LAmiga e                = Run Program             
                        = Run Arexx Script        
&lt;/pre&gt;

If your FKey GUI pops up when you start your Workbench up and you don't want it to, click once on the icon, go to the Icons-Information in the menu and make sure it has the tooltype set &quot;CX_POPUP=NO&quot;. 

Now let's launch it and assign the locale switching. After you double-click on FKey icon, launch the Exchange, choose the FKey from list and click the Show button. This will invoke the FKey window. You can see the ALT TAB in list assigned to window switching. Now enter the first key combination, say, ALT Z and go to the right panel. Choose Launch the program from pulldown menu and enter SYS:Prefs/Input as an argument. Append the USE switch and english preset name to the string as shown:

SYS:Prefs/Input USE SYS:Prefs/Presets/english

Click on the New Button to add the another combination. Now set the combination for your locale as shown above, replacing English name with your preset name. Click New button again and then Save Settings. Now you can use defined combinations to switch the layouts.


There is a system wide ARexx script capability (based on regina) that can manage many file manipulation task(s) but this would work only with those program that support [https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Aros/Developer/Docs/Rexx ARexx] like 

*Desktop - DOpus5, Scalos 
*Dock - FKey, 
*Files - Multiview, DOpus4, 
*Internet Apps - Odyssey, WookieChat, 
*General Apps - 


the shell can be modified with escape strings but not needed in most cases 


 Common Keyboard Shortcuts

&lt;pre&gt;
RAlt Right Alt Key 
LAlt Left Alt Key 
RWinKey Right Windows Key 
LWinKey Left Windows Key 
RAmiga Right Amiga Key (if one)
LAmiga Left Amiga Key (if one)
&lt;/pre&gt;

;Bootup Options 
:Spacebar during boot, enters the bootmenu which allows a boot without startup sequence, etc  

;Left Click 
:LAmiga = LWinKey = F11 

;Right Click 
:RAmiga = Help = F12 

;Mark 
:RAmiga and B 

;Cut 
:RAmiga and X 

;Copy 
:RAmiga and C 

;Paste 
:RAmiga and V 

;Search 
:RAmiga and S 

;Mouse Movement 
LAmiga and together with arrow keys - shift as well at the same time as well to move faster 

;Mouse Selection 
LAmiga and LAlt to select 

;Screen Switching 
LAmiga and M or N 

;HELP key 
Can sometimes be mapped to F11 but can be changed via FKey 


ComKeyRemapper or AmigaKeyremapper could swap RAmiga to another key press 


===DOpus 5 Directory Opus Magellan II===

Dopus 5.x is a whole desktop replacement on the Amiga Workbench (Desktop). Please describe any replicable errors [https://github.com/BlitterStudio/dopus5/issues here] 

DirectoryOpus app '''will''' assign DOpus5: to it's PROGDIR: automatically but if not add the below (edit SYS:System to suit where Dopus5 was installed) to your startup-sequence 

&lt;pre&gt;
Assign DOpus5: SYS:System/DOpus5 
DOpus5:DirectoryOpus 
;DOpus5:C/LoadDB
&lt;/pre&gt;

Left mouse button clicked twice on the desktop background brings up the Device List window. 
Green strip notifies SRCE (source) and if another is open it will be red for DEST (destination). clicking on the red strip changes to green 

Word list of actions with a left mouse click on the DOWN Arrow and directory stuff with &lt; button which mirrors the icons at the top of each lister 

single-key hotkeys? exactly the same as in dopus4, edit your functions (button bank, toolbar, menus etc.) and under the flags gadget is a key gadget, just click in it and press the key you want to use.

As for the extra text field... try turning off Extended lister key selection in environment / miscellaneous.

Shift and click on the icon - runs the icon 


DOpus5 Magellan 2 Directory folder drawer structure 
&lt;pre&gt;
ARexx       - Arexx scripts .rexx and .dopus5 to perform tasks 
Buttons     - 
Commands    - 
Desktop     - 
Environment - two environment files bundled:
 default gets loaded if you run DOpus as a normal app
 workbench gets loaded if you run DOpus as a WB Replacement (with LoadDB on startup)
Filetypes   - 
Groups      - 
Icons       - 
Images      - 
Modules     - compiled tasks 
Settings    - 
Sounds      - 
Themes      - 
WBStartup   - Use this if standard SYS:WBStartup gives cannot wait error messages 
&lt;/pre&gt;


Settings -&gt; Environment -&gt; Display -&gt; Workbench (Use) 


*Settings -&gt; Clock (add to title bar as well as the date) 

*Toolbar  -&gt; Editor (Right Win Key together with 1) for Copy, Move, Delete, etc above the Device List 
*Menu     -&gt;  (Right Win Key together with 2) 
*Buttons  -&gt; Editor (Right Win Key together with 3) 

*Settings         -&gt; Environment (Right Win key together with 4) for Backgrounds, etc 
*File Types       -&gt;  (Right Win key together with 5)
*User Menus       -&gt;  (Right Win key together with 6)
*Hotkeys          -&gt; Setup for quick shortcut keypresses (Right Win Key together with 7) 
*Scripts          -&gt;  (Right Win key together with 8)
*Icon Positioning -&gt;   (Right Win key together with 9)


Each Dopus5 theme are stored in a separate directory, named appropriately, which contains further sub directories 

* Font (amiga bitmap fonts)
* Screens (jpg or any picture supported by datatypes but not animations) 
* Sounds (wav but not iff 8svx ) 
* Icons (png newicons glowicons ) 
* Patterns (iff jpg png ) 


Just use wildcards in background filenames and you get a different picture every reboot 

For example, configure in Environment -&gt; Backgrounds -&gt; Desktop something like this:
&lt;pre&gt;
Work:Pictures/Backgrounds/#?
...or 
Work:Pictures/back#?.iff
...etc...
&lt;/pre&gt;


[https://aminet.net/util/dopus arcdir and themes]  


If you want to change the backdrop pic after a period of time, paste below into a text file called dopusrandbg.rexx and place in DOPus5:ARexx 

&lt;pre&gt;
/* Changes DOpus background image forever

   Start with:
   Run &gt;NIL: RX dopusrandbg.rexx 
*/

if ~show(&quot;L&quot;, &quot;rexxsupport.library&quot;) then do
	if ~addlib(&quot;rexxsupport.library&quot;, 0, -30,0) then exit 10
end

/* Configure these two lines for your needs: */
minutes=1
picpath=&quot;Work:Pics/#?.iff&quot;

address DOPUS.1

do forever
	call delay 3000*minutes
	dopus set background '&quot;'picpath'&quot;' desktop center custom
	dopus refresh background custom
end
&lt;/pre&gt;


If you don't want to use/open rexxsupport.library just for DELAY() then use the DOS Wait command

&lt;pre&gt;
/* random diropus backdrop changer */
/* by paul trauth, 1999 */
/* to do: non-repeatable randomness? */

options results

parse arg path

address DOPUS.1

/* get current backdrop pattern so it actually changes */

dopus query background desktop custom
currentpatt=result
lastslash=lastpos('/',currentpatt)
currentpatt=substr(currentpatt,lastslash+1,(pos('&quot;',currentpatt,2)-lastslash-1))

dir=showdir(path,'FILE','/')
num=0
do while dir~=''
    where=pos('/',dir)
    if where&gt;0 then do
        file=left(dir,where-1)
        dir=right(dir,length(dir)-where)
    end
    else do
        file=dir
        dir=''
    end

    if left(file,1) ~='.' &amp; file~=currentpatt then
        do
            pics.num=file
            num=num+1
        end
end

which=random(0,num-1,time(s))
newbg='&quot;'||path||'/'||pics.which||'&quot;'

dopus set background newbg desktop tile precision exact
dopus set background on
dopus refresh background
&lt;/pre&gt;


Clock format commands available are defined by locale. They are:
&lt;pre&gt;
 %a - abbreviated weekday name
 %A - weekday name
 %b - abbreviated month name
 %B - month name
 %c - same as &quot;%a %b %d %H:%M:%S %Y&quot;
 %d - day number with leading 0s
 %D - same as &quot;%m/%d/%y&quot;
 %e - day number with leading spaces
 %h - abbreviated month name
 %H - hour using 24-hour style with leading 0s
 %I - hour using 12-hour style with leading 0s
 %j - julian date
 %m - month number with leading 0s
 %M - the number of minutes with leading 0s
 %p - AM or PM strings
 %q - hour using 24-hour style
 %Q - hour using 12-hour style
 %r - same as &quot;%I:%M:%S %p&quot;
 %R - same as &quot;%H:%M&quot;
 %S - number of seconds with leadings 0s
 %T - same as &quot;%H:%M:%S&quot;
 %U - week number, taking Sunday as first day of week
 %w - weekday number
 %W - week number, taking Monday as first day of week
 %x - same as &quot;%m/%d/%y&quot;
 %X - same as &quot;%H:%M:%S&quot;
 %y - year using two digits with leading 0s
 %Y - year using four digits with leading 0s
&lt;/pre&gt;
like %a %d-%b-%y %H:%M or 


A WB ARexx interface, you could enter a cli command as a menu item to open a WB drawer like this...
 RX &quot;address WORKBENCH;WINDOW 'device:drawer' OPEN&quot;
Where device:drawer is replaced by the path of the drawer to open. 

The ARexx script would be capable to manage such a task but this would work only with those program that support ARexx 

&lt;pre&gt;
dopus addappicon
dopus addtrap
dopus back
dopus checkdesktop
dopus clear
dopus command
dopus desktoppopup
dopus error
dopus front
dopus getdesktop
dopus getfiletype
dopus getstring
dopus matchdesktop
dopus progress
dopus query background, font, palette, pens
dopus read
dopus refresh all, background, icons, lister
dopus remappicon
dopus remtrap
dopus request
dopus script
dopus screen
dopus send
dopus set background, font, palette, pens
dopus setappicon
dopus version
&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;pre&gt;
lister add
lister addstem
lister copy
lister clear value
lister clearcaches
lister close
lister empty
lister findcache
lister getstring
lister iconify
lister new
lister query active all, dest source
lister query abort, busy, case, dirs, display, entries, entry, files, flags, handler, header, hide 
lister query label, lock, mode, namelength, numdirs, numentries, numfiles, numseldirs, numselfiles
lister query path, proc, position, seldirs, selentries, selfiles, separate, show, sort, 
lister query title, toolbar, value, visible, window
lister read
lister refresh
lister reload
lister remove
lister request
lister set busy, case, dest, display, field, flags, handler, header, hide, label, lock, mode
lister set namelength, newprogress, off, path, position, progress, separate, show, sort, source
lister set title, toolbar, value, variable
lister select
lister wait
&lt;/pre&gt;

The '''command''' allows you to call internal DOpus commands from an ARexx script

&lt;pre&gt;
command all
command wait copy
command read s:startup-sequence
command source 12345 makedir name noicon
&lt;/pre&gt;


*SFTP secure encrypted comms over internet using libssh2 and zlib (different protocol to the two below) on port 22 
*FTPS secured with https like security on port 21 
*FTP not secure and unencrypted protocol over internet on port 21 (should not be used today on the internet but for your own server) 


===Wanderer ===


Wanderer prefs in the prefs drawer - Appearance tab and Workbench icon allows backgrounds (wallpapers) icon text sizes, colors, etc but cannot use #? or *.* in the backgrounds file entry to randomly choose pictures - [https://developers.google.com/speed/webp/docs/riff_container webp riff container] issues with this format but Multiview has none. 

Enable the bar, you need to edit the text file ‘statusbar.prefs’. The change is simple: just change “False” to ‘True’.

Prefs/Env-Archive/SYS/Wanderer/statusbar.prefs 


===Scalos===

[https://web.archive.org/web/20180922220139/http://scalos.noname.fr/ Scalos] is not an OS replacement, it's a Workbench replacement. It replaces the desktop and graphical file management components. 

Scalos is 100% Workbench replacement with most functions working like the original Workbench ones. Undo and Redo available for most window and icon operations. Fully multitasking so every window has its own task. While loading icons, any window function (e.g. Drag&amp;Drop) is available. 

24bit color support with window patterns - Unlimited and easily configurable via tooltypes. Optimised backgroundpatterns routine so patterns can be tiled, centred or even scaled to fit into the windows. Live updating window scrolling - Supports middle mouse button panning and drawer (folder) windows can be iconified on the desktop. 

Icon imagetypes with all types are supported such as backfill or complement. Configurable surrounding iconborder. Icon support also visually highlights files which are soft-links in the file system. Icon dragging is more stable and far less flickery on graphics cards. Whilst dragging, icons are displayed with text and they can become transparent over anything where they can be dropped. 

Single-window lasso mode, with scrolling window contents invoked by dragging mouse with configurable qualifier key. Text icon lasso selection used to ignore &quot;Name column selects text icons&quot; flag. Support for backfilled thumbnail icons, with selectable color and transparency. Added option to always generate square thumbnail icons with preview icons for images - Thumbnails can be permanently saved in icons. 

Supports PNG icons with alpha channel and real transparency and displays OS3.5 GlowIcons and are all scalable. Iconborders with variations (normal, shadowed, outlined). 

Completely configurable, filetype-specific user-definable popup menus and tooltips. Plugin system to exchange or add features and can enhance the Workbench and make it more configurable. 

Filetype plugins to display filetype-specific information. - Currently, EXIF information viewer for JPEG images is included. Plugin included for 100% support of OS3.9 Workbench features. Plugin included for AREXX API compatible to OS3.9 Workbench. 

Online update with updater.module


Scalos works also as a Workbench replacement. In this case the 'emulation mode' has to be set by using Scalos' own version of LoadWB and offers 
* Scalos uses the Workbench Screen for its windows instead opening a new one 
* AppIcon, AppMenuItem, AppWindow functions are redirected to Scalos
* all Programs placed in &quot;WBStartup&quot; should start 
* The Screen will be reopened in case of changes in ScreenMode and Palette settings


&lt;pre&gt;
v1.0 (V39.201) - November 1999
v1.1 (V39.212) - December 1999
v1.2b (39.220) - June 6, 2000
v1.2d (39.222) - 2000 (latest public beta executable)
v1.3 (40.7) (beta) - August 2, 2001
v1.3 (40.22) - September 25, 2002
v1.4 (40.32) (beta) March 31, 2005
v1.6 (41.4) - March 27, 2007
v1.7 (41.5) - August 12, 2007
v1.8 (41.6) - March 12, 2009
v1.9 (41.7) (beta) - March 15, 2010
v1.9 (41.8) (RC1) - August 25, 2012 open source 
v1.9.2 (41.10) Deadwoods' AROS late 2022 32bit and 64bit build unifying the code base of ` for AROS x86 ABIv0, AROS x86_64 ABIv11 and AROS m68k  
&lt;/pre&gt;


Distros may have Scalos files under SYS:System/Scalos or Extras:Scalos. Known [https://github.com/deadwood2/AROS/issues/75 bug list], 


 Certain files like Menu13.prefs, Palette13.prefs, Pattern.prefs and scalos.prefs need to be in SYS:Prefs/Env-Archive/Scalos they can be found in Scalos:Storage/envarc and country drawer 

or run the &quot;Scalos Menu&quot; preferences program. Note if already setup with sub-menu entries and then re-save your menu prefs as it will now generate a new/overwrite prefs file called &quot;Menu13.prefs&quot; in &quot;envarc:scalos/&quot;. The same is also required for the new Palette prefs update, click 'Save' and a &quot;Palette13.prefs&quot; file will be saved in to &quot;envarc:scalos/&quot; directory. 


&lt;pre&gt;
ASSIGN Scalos:             SYS:xxx/xxx DEFER   
ASSIGN Libs:               Scalos:Libs add    
;ASSIGN SYS:Devs/Datatypes  Scalos:Devs/Datatypes   add  
Assign Theme:              Scalos:Themes/Default_Theme add 
Assign Locale:             Scalos:Locale add 

Protect Scalos:Tools/browse.script s add quiet 
Protect Scalos:Tools/OpenShell s add quiet 
Protect Scalos:Tools/run.script s add quiet 

run Scalos:Tools/LoadWB 
;Scalos:Scalos
&lt;/pre&gt;

Add the above to SYS:S/startup-sequence or SYS:S/user-startup '''before any Wanderer entries''' 


In the prefs drawer (folder) is the big prefs app Scalos_Prefs which covers these user setup areas 
&lt;pre&gt;
About Scalos
Paths               - should be preset 
Startup             - WBStartup drawer contents should auto run on each startup 
Desktop             - edit titlebar, icon layout and in misc, auto leave-out (drag icon to desktop) 
Icons               - 
Drag and Drop       - 
Windows             -
Text Windows        -   in misc, drawer sorting at start of listing if needed 
TrueType Fonts      - use Truetype fonts rather than system ones 
Miscellaneous       - 

Plugins             - after adding oop/title_clock.plugin %ti %da does not work, maybe needs ASCII .prefs added 
Modules             - ??
Menu                - setup for MainMenu and PopupsMenu with New Menu, RE Name, Key: shortcut, Command Properties 
FileTypes           - already added def_Project icons and def_Disk (hdd sdd cd dvd etc) support 
PopupMenu           - tweak how popups appear 
Pattern             - Wallpaper backgrounds with Type DE, each pattern in the list can be edited, Save as Pattern.pre 
Palette             - change the color of things , Save as Palette.pre 
&lt;/pre&gt;


Scalos_Prefs - Pattern - Minimum options to be changed are 
*DE Desktop/Background 
*SC Screen 
*TW Window/TextBackground ie Text listing showing if icon type not recognised 
*IW Window/Background ie Icons showing 

 Workflow - In &quot;Pattern List&quot; tab, select New - choose a picture, highlight in list, click in number box under New button and slide to another number, click on &quot;Defaults&quot; tab and adjust Pattern numbers slider to choose right picture for each of the above options - Click &quot;Pattern List&quot; tab to check eveything is OK and click Save 

Pattern List tab on Patterns Page - Allows you to compile a list of pictures (one at a time rather than a whole folder e.g. with #? or *.*), assigning a number Nr to one or more of them for easy reference. Using this number you will be able to assign the pictures to specific windows on the Defaults tab Page. If multiple pictures have the same number, one of the pictures will be chosen randomly. This will allow you to have random desktop pictures, random window backdrops etc. 

Defaults tab on Patterns Page - Here you can set the defaults for the background pictures for the Desktop, Screen, Window and/or Text Mode throughout Scalos. 
Randomize every time [check box] - Usually Pictures with the same number will be randomly selected as soon as the configuration loads. If this option is set, the picture will be selected as soon as a window with the same number assignment is opened. 

*Fit size: The picture will be resized to the dimension of the new window.You *MUST* have set GUIGfx on. asyncron layout: Pictures will be loaded and rendered while the windows opens (Like original Workbench). If this function is 'off', pictures will always be loaded before opening the windows. 
*Use friendbitmap : The picture is present twice in memory for best speed. This option has no effect if V43 picture.datatype or GUIGfx are used. Always relayout: If &quot;Fit size&quot; is set, the picture will be scaled everytime the window's dimensions change.
*Randomize everytime: Usually Pictures with the same number will be randomly selected as soon as the If more pictures have the same number, one of them will be chosen randomly. 

Patternlist New/Delete : Add a new picture. After that you should assign a number to it. The picture will be rendered as tiles. configuration loads. If this option is set, the picture

Asyncron-Task priority: You can set the CPU priority for the Task if &quot;asyncron layout&quot; is set. 
&lt;pre&gt;
Desktop: Number of the Picture for the main window.
Screen: Number of the picture for the Scalos-Screen.
Window: Number of the picture for the Scalos-windows.
TextMode: Number of the picture for the Scalos-windows in Text Mode.
&lt;/pre&gt;


Popup Menu preferences fully configurable menus (includes ToolsDaemon and ParM launch apps import), including support for context-sensitive Popup menus configs for top pull down menus for apps, etc. 

 Workflow - Scalos_Prefs then Menu, New Item, New Command add name at top then in Command Properties e.g. add Workbench and location e.g. DOpus:DOpus4 for apps  Command for c apps or Rexx for scripts or Plugin for  or AmigaDos for modules 

&lt;pre&gt;
DESCRIPTION	NAME/A      This is the title that is displayed in the top line of any popup menu  
INCLUDE NAME/A          Name of file to be included. Path can be relative to &quot;Scalos:FileTypes&quot; 

POPUPMENU      Starts the popup menu description section for this filetype.
&lt;/pre&gt;

The following Subcommands are allowed inside popup menus:
&lt;pre&gt;
SUBMENU &quot;NAME/A&quot;
ENDSUBMENU 


MENUENTRY &quot;NAME/A,KEY/K,DEFAULTACTION/S&quot;
ENDMENUENTRY 

INTERNALCMD	&quot;NAME/A&quot;
WBCMD &quot;NAME/A,STACK/K/N,WBARGS/S,PRI=PRIORITY/K/N&quot;
AREXXCMD &quot;NAME/A,STACK/K/N,WBARGS/S,P=PRIORITY/K/N&quot;
CLICMD &quot;NAME/A,STACK/K/N,WBARGS/S,P=PRIORITY/K/N&quot;

ICONWINDOWCMD &quot;NAME/A&quot;

PLUGINCMD
MENUSEPARATOR

ENDPOPUPMENU

TOOLTIP 
ENDTOOLTIP
&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;pre&gt;
Starts the tooltip description section for this filetype. The following Subcommands are allowed inside popup menus:

GROUP &quot;ORIENTATION/K&quot;
ENDGROUP  
MEMBER &quot;HIDE/K&quot;
ENDMEMBER  

HBAR 
STRING &quot;ID/K,TEXT/K,SRC/K,TEXTPEN/K,HALIGN/K,STYLE/K,FONT/K,VALIGN/K&quot;
SPACE &quot;SIZE/N/A&quot;

DTIMAGE &quot;FILENAME/A&quot;
&lt;/pre&gt;


Each theme drawer (folder) has these further folders 
&lt;pre&gt;
About            - 
Desktop          - 
FileTrans        - 
FileType         - 
Icons            - 
Menu             - 
Modules          - 
PointerIcons     - 
Prefs            - 
Sound            - 
Window           - 
&lt;/pre&gt;


*Plugins
&lt;pre&gt;
devicefilter.plugin       
persist.plugin            should a crash or reboot occur - next time Scalos started, all windows re-opened 
title_clock.plugin        add digital clock to title see more below 
title_envvar.plugin       %ev, which can be used to display the value (a string) of the variable in the titlebar 
title_freepens.plugin     
volumegauge.plugin        
wb39.plugin               
wbrexx.plugin             plugin adds a Workbench 3.5+ compatible AREXX interface to Scalos internals 
xtwindows.plugin          left or right ALT or left or right SHIFT keys when open/close windows 
filetype.plugin           then run FileTypes-prefs and customize the filetypes (eg import from a DefIcons-brainfile) 
menu.plugin               
&lt;/pre&gt;


*Modules - delete, empty_trashcan, execute, find, format_disk, information, iconproperties, newdrawer, reboot, rename, systeminfo, windowproperties 


*Tools - scripts like LoadWB, quit.rexx, open_volume.rexx, 


In Scalos_Prefs-&gt;Filetype-&gt;Recognition  you can define the filetypes and on &quot;Action&quot; you define specific context menu for all filetypes defined in recognition (similar to magellan)
there is the same you must show all first (list is only limited) so you created a file type AAABBB, you need to have def_AAABBB icon 

Associating files with &quot;Scalos_FileTypes&quot; is very simple, practically it is very similar to Dopus4, first you create the Def_icons to assign to the file type (will be seen automatically ), then run &quot;Scalos_FileTypes&quot; you add the extension, fill in the descriptor (MATCH or PATTERN etc..) and save 

then you create an appropriate entry in the list and rename it, if def icon exists it is shown. Below you can define how files are identified. Use &quot;pattern&quot;, similar to magellan to identify file by ending. Then you click on the shown icon and define in it what program is used when you double-klick on it and save it. On the tab action you can define popup menu for it. 

defined all archive types from XAD in &quot;filetypes&quot;. If you change to &quot;action&quot; and click on &quot;archive&quot; you can define the context menu that is shown if you do not define a specific context menu for a filetype


Reset to Default in Scalos_Prefs resets all settings so '''BEWARE''' 


&lt;pre&gt;
The Scalos desktop screen titlebar may be configured using the main Scalos Preference program. This oop/time_clock plugin adds some additional placeholders:

    %ti, displays the current time in the default Locale format. e.g. &quot;10:43:37&quot;
    %da, displays the date in the default Locale format. e.g. &quot;Saturday 14 July 2001&quot;

Using the supplied prefs program for the plugin, or editing the ASCII file ENVARC:Scalos/title_clock.prefs you can use the following standard Amiga Locale values to change the formatting 

    %a - abbreviated weekday name
    %A - weekday name
    %b - abbreviated month name
    %B - month name
    %c - same as &quot;%a %b %d %H:%M:%S %Y&quot;
    %C - same as &quot;%a %b %e %T %Z %Y&quot;
    %d - day number with leading 0s
    %D - same as &quot;%m/%d/%y&quot;
    %e - day number with leading spaces
    %h - abbreviated month name
    %H - hour using 24-hour style with leading 0s
    %I - hour using 12-hour style with leading 0s
    %j - julian date
    %m - month number with leading 0s
    %M - the number of minutes with leading 0s
    %n - insert a linefeed
    %p - AM or PM strings
    %q - hour using 24-hour style
    %Q - hour using 12-hour style
    %r - same as &quot;%I:%M:%S %p&quot;
    %R - same as &quot;%H:%M&quot;
    %S - number of seconds with leadings 0s
    %t - insert a tab character
    %T - same as &quot;%H:%M:%S&quot;
    %U - week number, taking Sunday as first day of week
    %w - weekday number
    %W - week number, taking Monday as first day of week
    %x - same as &quot;%m/%d/%y&quot;
    %X - same as &quot;%H:%M:%S&quot;
    %y - year using two digits with leading 0s
    %Y - year using four digits with leading 0s

 like %d %m %y or %a %d %B %Y %p
&lt;/pre&gt;


Shutdown -&gt; right mouse button Scalos, About, Reboot, Shutdown 


ToolTypes can be added to the Scalos.info icon like 
*SCALOS_PATTERNNO=&lt;number&gt; : background image matching the number 
*SCALOS_NOTEXT : The Icon will be drawn without Text.
*SCALOS_NODRAG : The Icon will not be draggable. Its position will be fixed.
*Module iconproperties - Added SCALOS_BROWSERMODE tooltype support

runcommand parameters... in which case:
&lt;pre&gt;
%p = parameters
%w = directory path
%d = device-name
%% = literal percentage token
&lt;/pre&gt;


With the help of the wbrexx.plugin Scalos gains support for more of the compatible arexx API 

If an arexx command produces an error you will find the error code placed in the WORKBENCH.LASTERROR variable.

ACTIVATEWINDOW
&lt;pre&gt;
/* Activate the root window */
ADDRESS workbench
ACTIVATEWINDOW root

/* Activate the &quot;Work:&quot; partition's window if already open*/
ACTIVATEWINDOW &quot;Work:&quot;
&lt;/pre&gt;

CHANGEWINDOW
&lt;pre&gt;
/* Change the root window; move it to position 10,30. * and change its size to 200100 pixels */
ADDRESS workbench
CHANGEWINDOW root LEFTEDGE 10 TOPEDGE 30 WIDTH 200 HEIGHT 100

/* Change the currently active window */
CHANGEWINDOW active 20 40 200 100
&lt;/pre&gt;


Most of Scalos' issue are due to the flexibility of its' user configuring nature but if 


The sort menu plugin needs to be ported from ASM to C.

IIRC Scalos has a command line option to fully replace Workbench/Wanderer.

The Theme: assign is used by both Wanderer and Scalos but I didn't have any problems using both at the same time.


The Program will be started from the Shell.
If &quot;WB Args&quot; is set, with the Argument &quot;%p&quot; will be replaced by the path of the activated Icons. The Program will started with the specified Stack value.
IconWindow: Scalos opens the window of the specified path.


PlugIn: Starts a Scalos Menu-PlugIn.
If a Menu Item with empty name is specified, Scalos displays a separator line.
It's possible to Drag&amp;Drop an Icon in the Configuration Window. All values will be set accordingly. Entries may be dragged across the list.


Mac-like selection : This function activates a multiselection method used on MacOS or Win95. Don't have to hold down shift to drag them. Clicking on an already activated icon will
not deselect all other icons. 

MMB move: The window contents may be moved using the middle mouse button. 

WindowPopup title only: PopupMenu for windows can be opened only on window's title bars. 

FullBench: Screen-Titles removed and Main Window set Full Size. 
Scalos Prefs. Go to Settings-&gt;Scalos-&gt;Prefs and then the Misc section. Remove the tick against Full Bench. If you've enabled it, the titlebar will disappear when you select backdrop.


Default Icons saveable : The icons which Scalos generates if &quot;show all files&quot; is enabled, can now be saved
using &quot;snapshot&quot; menu option. load DefDisk first : Try to read the icons first from the DefIcons Path before using disk info. 


Hide hidden files : If this function is activated all files or directories where the &quot;hide&quot; flag is set will not be shown.

Many of my Icons display more than once on the screen, while on the workbench all seems ok.
The Workbench filters double displayed icons, Scalos does not. Solution: please edit the &quot;.backdrop&quot; file and clear double lines.

Background images not scaled. GUIGfx option not set or guigfx.library and/or render.library not installed.

If working with CD's causes crashs or Scalos doesn't work correctly.
Most Filesystems doesn't support the ExAll function correctly. Disable &quot;Use ExAll&quot; in Scalos prefs.

Scalos doesn't start any program in the WBStartup. WBStartup Path may be set wrongly or Scalos was not started in Emulation Mode (LoadWB etc) 
Some programs will not startup with error message &quot;has not returned, wait some more&quot;? and &quot;unable to open your tool&quot; 


need a def_icon with the same name predefined, then create an appropriate entry in the list and rename it, if def icon exists it is shown. Below this can define how files are identified. 
* either &quot;pattern&quot;, similar to magellan to identify file by ending
* or 
Then click on the shown icon and define in it what program is used when you double-click on it and save it. On the tab action you can define popup menu for it. All in all handling is of course different to magellan but can do similar 

For the RAM Icon, to obtain this you have only to copy the icon in the Icon Path as &quot;RAM.info&quot; or &quot;Ram Disk.info&quot;. All functions will automatically be performed 

sometimes cut into half or quarters when scrolled off screen or drawers moved - settings issue probably  

Sometimes leaves initial drawer window imprint on desktop when moved - settings issue 


Scalos AROS released a [https://github.com/deadwood2/contrib/tree/master/scalos new build V2022-07-21] with the following changes noted:
&lt;pre&gt;
Fixed:
    Numerous crashes when working on 64-bit with 64-bit heap
    Wrong background color of Scalos logo on Scalos splash window
    Backgroung image of Scalos splash window and Scalos About window is not visible
    Icon labels on desktop and in drawer windows are displayed using Topaz instead of Arial font
    Font.prefs are not being loaded on 64-bit
    Font.prefs are being wrongly saved on 64-bit
    scalos.prefs are not being loaded on x86 and x86_64, scalos is using always default preference
    scalos.prefs are being saved on x86 and x86_64 in format not compatible with m68k 
    NewPopupmenu.prefs is wrongly written
    Plugins are not loading at Scalos startup
    wbrexx.plugin is crashing at startup on 64-bit
    Multiple controls missing on Scalos Prefs/Icons page
    System crash when clicking on def icon image on FileTypes Prefs/Recognition page
    Status bar, control bar, buttons sometimes don't have images displayed
    Buttons in Scalos About window have white corners rendered where they should be transparent
    Crash when leaving out an icon
    Crash when adding a User-defined Button to Control bar without setting it's properties in Scalos Prefs
    Crash when removing any button from Control bar in Scalos Prefs
    Scalos Prefs allows editing TTEngine font properties when TTEngine is not present causing crash in Icons/Labels and Text Windows/Fonts pages
    deficons.prefs are not being loaded on x86 and x86_64
    Reset to default in FileType Prefs and Save does not save preferences

Won't fix:
    Scrollbars visible on titles of TrueType Fonts, PopupMenu, Menu, FileTypes, Pallette and Pattern pages of Scalos Preferences

Not fixed:
    Wrong rendering on DualPNG icons 
    Refreshing drawer windows is slow 
    Starting Prefs/Locale or Prefs/Input from Scalos causes other preferences to fail 
    Desktop wallpaper is damaged where Splay window was displayed 
    When started from Wanderer, after saving Scalos Prefs, reload does not re-open main Scalos window
    Difference in behavior between Cleanup from popup menu and Cleanup from top menu - possibly due to missing plugin, check Cleanup association in Menu Prefs
&lt;/pre&gt;


===DOpus 4 Directory Opus===

Copy DOpus4 app to WBStartup directory folder so it starts on boot up each time 

Another method is add the below to the bottom of the user-startup script in SYS:S drawer/directory 
&lt;pre&gt;
run DOPUS:DirectoryOpus -i &gt;NIL
&lt;/pre&gt;
makes DOpus starts up in Iconified state at the top of Wanderer's screen. Left click on this to highlight and right mouse click to open. 


Just click on the sides of either outer edges of DOpus windows and it will display the parent device/volume list. 


DOpus4 saves it features in a PROGDIR:s/DirectoryOpus.CFG file which can be edited to suit anyones' needs, '''C''' bottom right button in DOpus4 and by reading the [https://arosarchives.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=utility/filetool Dopus4 guide Manual and Arexx calls].

*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DCyXDs8baSE Pt1 Introduction] 
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7fiVmopiK9I Pt2 Dopus Config] 
*[] 
*[] 


*Button little rectangle with name inside
*Bank vertical stack of buttons 

 Buttons 
*Workbench app {f} i.e. first  use {F} for all selected items with app 
*AmigaDos  c type apps with arguments after 
*Arexx     
*Command   c type apps with no arguments after 

 Flags (most used)
*CD Destination to extract etc 
*Do all files
*Output window 
*Run asynchronously
*Workbench to front

*Buffer above 100000 for 64bit 


 Filetypes
Defines how certain files are handled like '''default tool''' 


 Screen
Fonts, set each element to any font 
Screenmode, Workbench Use (same screen like Windows), Workbench clone (like Linux workspaces) 

 System 
Shell startup, set to SYS:s/shell-startup 


===BoingIconBar===

User chooses the apps to add to the dock at the centre bottom of the screen but has to be done manually, please use Save afterwards 

Or easier edit the text file of SYS:Prefs/Env-Archive/iconbar.prefs and save 

&lt;pre&gt;
BOING_PREFS
;Tools
SYS:System/Shell 
SYS:Tools/DOpus4/DOpus4
SYS:Utilities/Editor
SYS:System/SysMon
SYS:System/Scout
Work:Extras/Internet/OWB/OWB
Work:Extras/Graphics/Lunapaint
Work:Extras/Graphics/ZunePaint
AROS:Tools/MPlayer/MPlayer
Extras:Internet/AmiFox/AmiFox
RAM Disk:Amelinium/Amelinium
&lt;/pre&gt;

right mouse click on bottom edge of screen where boingiconbar shows - select settings which opens BoingIconBar Preferences to add apps 

If no dock showing Add, to add apps click Add Program and search for the executable 

another method is to drag icons to ends of the bar and move them on the Bar using the Prefs/BoingIconBar 


===AmiStart===

On 32bit PCs only - auto generates the apps menu but scans the drive each time - AmiStart can choose apps you are not interested 

* how to disable annoying zune/mui 'bubbles'? 
try a right-click on AmiStart and release on Global settings. Then click on the bubbles gadget. Move the Show Bubbles slider all the way to the left.


===Fonts===

Install the #?.ttf files to SYS:Fonts/TrueType. Use SYS:System/FTManager to &quot;Install Font&quot; each #?.ttf file which will generate associated #?.otag and #?.font in SYS:Fonts. Use SYS:Prefs/Fonts to change system fonts and SYS:Prefs/Zune to change others. 

To achieve our goal we will use the Setup Locale, Input, Zune and Fonts, as well as The FTManager.

Begin

The first step you should do is to get the system to know that we speak and write in another language. What you need to do is to open the setup program and choose Locale country, and list &quot;preferred languages&quot; to put it first and then English. If you want the tab &quot;Time Zone&quot; and select city of residence to set the clock correctly. Of course we save our changes and continue opening the setup program Input. This sets the keyboard language as our beginning. When the language layout was created there was no option to switch to Aros keyboard (layout switching), so to write in the language you had to hold down Alt, something you encounter in other functions. This time working with the team of Aros to create a new keyboard layout to replace the old so we can get rid of the button Alt. For now though let only selected this layout and do not turn the switch on the keyboard.


Custom Keyboard Layout

[http://repo.or.cz/w/AROS.git/tree/HEAD:/workbench/devs/keymaps keymaps are in place but unfortunately when they are not, then indeed things become a bit 'low-level' as it involves redefining some tables with values that match your keyboards] 

only need to add your compiled table as new keymap. 

So taking a little peek here shows that it should be possible to compile using
 gcc -opc105_tr pc_105.c -nostdlib
where the pc105_gr/pc_105.c needs to be replaced with your own adjusted keymapname/c-file

[https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Enabling_Greek_Characters_on_Your_Keyboard General overview of Greek letters on keyboards] 


Installing fonts

*[http://aminet.net/package/util/wb/EPAGrWb System jaggy] 
*Outline resizable .font .otag 
In this step you need to download some fonts that can support the encoding in our system. The easiest way is to run the script &quot;Download Fonts&quot; you'll find in the folder OWB. This script downloads from the Internet, and unpacks some fonts for OWB web browser, which is placed under the folder Fonts:TrueType. But as these can only be used by OWB and not the system, which unfortunately does not see. To make them available to the rest of the system, open the program FTManager, you will find the folder AROS: System /. From there select the field &quot;Codepage&quot; option &quot;ISO-8859-7&quot; and list the font &quot;Arial&quot; and &quot;Regular&quot; form in which you must double-click with the mouse. In the window that appears, select the bottom right the checkbox &quot;Anti-aliasing&quot; button and then &quot;Install&quot;. Immediately folder Fonts: created files &quot;arialregular.font&quot; and &quot;arialregular.otag&quot;, which are necessary in order to see the system font. Do the same steps if you wish for other fonts.


Final stages 

After completing the above, open the folder AROS: Prefs / and run the program settings Fonts. In the new window, select the fields &quot;Icons&quot; and &quot;Screen&quot; as the font &quot;ArialRegular&quot; to the size you want. In the field &quot;System&quot; to give &quot;s_courier&quot;, which, however, because it is not True Type Font support Antialising, and may seem a little broken. You can also use the CourierNew, if you have installed the above procedure. After you save the changes and open the Zune program settings. In this set the &quot;ArialRegular&quot; font fields in tabs &quot;Windows&quot; and &quot;Groups&quot;, and save the changes. Reboot the system. To make sure that the above worked properly run NoWinED, which you will find under the folder AROS: Tools /. If that everything is working correctly you will see the menu and the settings window with Greek letters. You can also write in the language using the button Alt. Second program that you can try, which is fully localized, is WookieChat, which you will find in the folder AROS: Extras / Networking. And in this place all the menu and settings window works. 


===Windows===

*Intuition
The window you position and resize, you right click on that windows title bar and in the dropdown menu you snapshot from there.  Right click to show menu -&gt; Window -&gt; Snapshot Windows or All but it will NOT work if that folder has no icon (e.g. Disk.nfo) attached to it. You need a folder icon. The window information gets saved in it.  

As for maximising the window using a shortcut key - Alt and up arrow key 

The AROS-Shell windows can be moved, resized by editing sys:s/startup-sequence 

&lt;pre&gt;
; run shell
run QUIET c:newshell &gt;NIL:
&lt;/pre&gt;

; slimmer right aros the screen 
run QUIET c:newshell con:0/150//300/ &gt;NIL:

; top right corner scr-x scr-y win-x win-y
run QUIET c:newshell con:600/150//300/ &gt;NIL:


*EdgeSnap 

Commodity EdgeSnap allows resize and position windows on your screen by dragging them to the edges but not corners of the screen and/or other windows 

EdgeSnap Prefs (once pressed Use button) lets you arrange windows but not different applications in layouts half (left or right) or full size (top) and choose to adjust the border padding 

There is outline to show shape taken to aid placement and space available 


*Zune - AROS version of MUI
Magic Menu type functionality is implemented in IControl preferences editor: in the frame called Menus, switch type from Pull-Down to Pop-Up and/or iControl just tick the sticky menu option. 


Windows outside screens causing a problem either uncheck &quot;Offscreen move&quot; for windows in IControl prefs editor. Or use FKey commodity and define two key shortcuts: 

* the first using the command &quot;cycle windows&quot; (for example ALT TAB); 
* the second using the command &quot;rescue window&quot; (for example ALT F5). 

Now you can cycle windows until the one you want to rescue, and then &quot;rescue&quot; it: it will move back inside your screen. 


How to save the window size on wanderer (snapshot all, snapshot windows)

Same for icon position on wanderer, can't save the position. Icon position cannot be saved yet, but you should be able to save the window position and size. sys:prefs - wanderer icon has option to save window size on exit but just for dh0. To get saving working on (DH1: Extras:) partitions try deleting the dh1 disk.info file, then reboot. The system should create a new dh1 icon. 


* how to set up permanently 'view all files'?
As for viewing all files, removing disk.info for that disk did the job 

* how to list and kill processes (xkill would be useful) ? 
sys:Extras/System/Scout can kill apps 

sys:Tools/Commodities/Exchange can remove available commodities


* how to restore 'go up' button in wanderer window? (it doesn't show up anymore).
If you're using Icaros, go to the theme prefs and make sure that decoration is checked. Also, some themes do not use a parent button, so try another theme. You may have to restart Aros before the theme will change.

* Is it really safe to turn off (hardware button) computer at any time (worried about USB hard disk)
yes you can turn off the computer IF none of the drives are in progress (i.e. writing). Best to use Wanderer menu option Quit otherwise 


===Say narrator===

Say &quot;Hello World&quot; for a simple robotic voice 

SPEAK: is a write-only DOS device for text-to-speech abbreviated as tts. 
To check if available, type assign into the shell and at the bottom in the Devices: section should be SPEAK 

Examples of use 
&lt;pre&gt;
Copy S:Startup-Sequence SPEAK:
Echo &quot;Hello&quot; &gt;SPEAK:M/R/S150/P110
Echo &quot;DH1 EH0 L OW1&quot; &gt;SPEAK:A1
&lt;/pre&gt;

Classic options are M/F, R/N, S&lt;rate&gt;, P&lt;pitch&gt;, O0/O1, A0/A1, and D0/D1. O1 recognizes lines beginning with OPT/ as option changes. A1 treats input as narrator phonemes.

Long options select a speech engine:

Echo &quot;Hello&quot; &gt;SPEAK:ENGINE=narrator/VOICE=female/STYLE=natural/LANGUAGE=en-US

Supported selectors are ENGINE=, VOICE=, STYLE=, and LANGUAGE=. Values are case-sensitive backend identifiers. ENGINE=DEFAULT selects the system default. Narrator-compatible selectors continue through the classic translator/narrator pair. Other engines use speech.device. Direct phonemes require a narrator-compatible selection.


===Printing===

This needs further [http://www.aminet.net/package/docs/help/PrinterGuide drivers written], we have postscript and write to file support only 

;There are no individual drivers yet for HP's Photosmart, EPSON's EPL, CANON's, Lexmark, CUPS PPD, etc. 


*Postscript

Best to set Printer Prefs in the Prefs drawer to print-to-file or parallel/USB port 


Save document in postscript or convert picture/text to postscript 

Print using compatible Postscript printer 


FindPrinters finds the printers on the link - ENV:IPP/Status says how the last job went 

ipp.device is an output device for printer.device, like parallel.device or printtofile.device, for printers on the network. Unit n prints to the printer named in ENV:IPP/Unit&lt;n&gt;:

  URI=ipp://host[:port]/path   IPP/1.1 Print-Job (RFC 8010, RFC 8011)
  URI=socket://host[:port]     the raw data, port 9100 by default
  FORMAT=&lt;document-format&gt;     application/octet-stream when unset


*printer is simply not accepting IPP connections at the moment.

Please try the following steps:

Open the printer web interface in a browser:

 http://192.168.1.x/

Look for the network or protocol settings.

Enable IPP / Internet Printing Protocol.

Make sure TCP port 631 is open/enabled.

Save the settings and reboot the printer if the web interface asks for it.

 ipp://192.168.1.xx:631/ipp/print

 ipp://192.168.1.xxx:631/ipp/


===Files===

====File endings and datatypes====

* Check if the file has his own .info icon file with a tool set to open it. IIRC this has higher priority over the def_XYZ.info file association. 
* In ENVARC:SYS/def_Text.info or whatever def_ file needs changing, use Wanderer's menu Icon -&gt; Information and change the def_XYZ.info there. If you're on ABIv0 and want it to be applied immediately, you might have to copy it to ENV:SYS/ (or to reboot). 
* Identifying file types by file ending is only a fallback. Far better it is to search for magic words, for flac files this would be &quot;flaC&quot; according to this [http://flac.sourceforge.net/documentation_format_overview.html documentation]. 

For instance, to open PDFs with arospdf not localised in the default drawer of Icaros (Work:Extras/Applications/arospdf) but localised in a custom drawer in AROS. The default tools are defined in the icons in sys:prefs/env-archive/sys e.g. def_PDF. 


File type identification is done by datatype descriptors which you can find in Devs/Datatypes. The AROS build system has a tool which creates such datatype descriptors. 


'''Changing of default tools of existing icons is easy as shown above. Adding of new file types is not hard, but needs knowledge of the AROS build system.'''


The enduser way would be to download the attached file, which contained two executables:
1) createdtdesc, to make a new datatype description
2) examinedtdesc, to read/show existing datatype descriptions

use 2 to get an idea on how it things are currently done in aros by providing this executable a file from the drawer sys:devs/datatypes/ (alternatively you can find the original .dtd files here).

use 1 to make your new datatype. Use the accompanied FORMAT file (also here) to read how to make your own datatype descriptor. use 2 to get hints from other datatype descriptors.

Note:
When creating a new descriptor would advise against using the pattern property, but instead use the default pattern of #? and create a Mask that matches your filetype. This requires some research in order to discover how your filetype can be recognized properly. Of course with making something like a descriptor for an ascii textfile, you would fallback to using the pattern (e.g. #?.text as the filetype cannot be determined easily otherwise). 

&lt;pre &gt;
# name - choose wisely and informative. also used for icon's name.
# version - choose as you like as long as it complies with version rules
# basename - the 'root' datatype class. be aware that e.g. it can influence behaviour. for example when choosing binary and using tool multiview in project icon, the file will be viewed as binary file (choosing sound would tell mulitview to view the file as a soundfile). So this can influence the underlying tool being used. Could become messy if users started to modify the tool manually. 
# pattern - This is the file pattern match e.g. #?.text
# Mask - A mask to identify the file. Requires knowledge of the actual file structure. For example 'M' 'Z' for an msdos executable.
# GroupdID - not supported (AROS native) files - use syst as that would be the least intrusive in case an AROS tool/program tries to load such datatyped file.
# ID - In your case, the first four characters of the name at subchapter 1 (in lower case) (or less if name is shorter).
# flags - How the mask needs to be interpreted. In your case would be mostly DTF_BINARY in combination with (wanted or not) DTF_CASE (to tell if mask used letters are case sensitive or not)
# priority - the priority of how the type is handled so that on datatype could have precedence over another? In any case, document tells it to be mostly 0. 
&lt;/pre &gt; 

Now that you know each field and what it does (more or less), you write this fields in a text file for your own invented datatype, save it and create the actual dt with the tool in 1. in the end the created dt must reside in sys:devs/datatypes/ drawer.

Then you would create a default icon in sys:prefs/Env-archive/SYS drawer. Don't forget to reboot or copy .info file to ram:env/sys in order to test. also don't forget to set which tool to start f.e. c:lx or dh4:emulators/mycoolemulator

To test, open Wanderer then show all files and doubleclick on a file of type you just created. Alternatively you could use the 'open' command from shell (with file of datatype you just created as parameter).

And as a last note. it would perhaps be welcome to have a program like xicon and/or runprglist for AROS (unfortunately both without source, but something similar could be created for AROS).

Sounds complicated ?

Perhaps... but OS like windows needs a complete registry to be able to do things like this. And yes, i am aware windows has gui tools that does it (more or less) for you (by manipulating the registry). Same could be done for AROS (without integrating a registry in AROS that is ).

Would that suffice ?

red1+2: typos, reformatting.

disclaimer: please note that using these tools can screw up your currently installed support for datatypes when used incorrectly. Do not use if you do not understand what you are doing. Use at own risk.


==Network Connection==

AROS currently only has one real choice for TCP/IP networking - AROSTCP.  This is a port of the AmiTCP package from AmigaOS (TM), with a number of enhancements/fixes from AROS developers. 


===Wired===

Use Network Prefs to setup 


=====IPv6=====

Some support 


128bit IPv6 address packet 
&lt;pre&gt;
Local FD::/8
Global 2000::/3
64:ff9b::/96
&lt;/pre&gt;
NAT64 translates IPv6 to IPv4 
DNS64 


OS routing works with 
&lt;pre&gt;
MacOS Ventura 
Windows 11 with cloud account 
Ubuntu Jammy Jellyfish 
Android 10 (block google dns) 
&lt;/pre&gt;


====IPv4====

The top half of the IPv4 Configuration tab on the Network Prefs deals with the network card/USB and the lower half the router part. 

[[File:AROS Wanderer Network Prefs DHCP.png|thumb|DHCP Settings]]

'''Upper part of IPv4 tab''' 
* Click Add on the top right of the Prefs which opens a window called '''Interface''' 
* Enter Name as net0 (but can be anything as long as it is consistently used in other sections) 
* check mark on Active
* select device to be used using the '''right hand-side gadget''' of the box where the device name will go 
* set Unit to 0 
* IP Mode is default set to '''Get address from DHCP''' 


* IP Mode set to Manual if DHCP does not work automatically 

From the shell CLI,  ifconfig -a

Under net0: section, inet starting 192.168.x.xxx

* inet or '''Address''' of network card 
* netmask convert to decimal so 0x'''ffffff7f''' becomes 255.255.255.247 which is used to adjust the above '''Address''' into 
* broadcast 192.168.xxx.xxx

click OK


[[File:AROS Wanderer Network Prefs Manual.png|thumb|Manual Settings]]

'''Lower part of IPv4 tab''' 
* IP Mode Get address from DHCP (default) 


* or changing to Manual if automatic DHCP set up does not work 
* '''Gateway''' (Router Internal LAN-IP) (Default Route) = 192.168.0.1 (D-Link Netgear), 192.168.1.1 (Linksys 3com), 192.168.2.1 (SMC Microsoft), 192.168.1.254 (Belkin), 192.168.123.254 (USRobotics) else check with your router manual 
* first DNS = use 208.67.222.222 (opendns) or Gateway number above (to test web browser access to router) or 212.50.160.100 (google)  i.e. or whatever your ISP needs you to set 
* second DNS = use 208.67.220.220 (opendns) or Gateway number above (to test web browser access to router) or 213.249.130.100 (google) i.e. or whatever your ISP needs you to set 


* At the bottom of IPv4 tab, check mark the '''Start networking during system boot''' option 
* Save and reboot (sometimes Network restart fails, so reboot every time to be sure) 


'''an alternative way''' to AROS ifconfig -a, other OSs have similar for the same internet connection. Another connection will have different settings. 

e.g. From [http://www.ncsu.edu/resnet/windows/ipconfig/ Windows], '''ipconfig /all''' 
and note down the IP, subnet mask, default gateway, and DNS servers values and put these values in &quot;manually&quot; into AROS Network prefs. 

e.g. From Linux via dhcp router have a look at etc./dhcpc/dhcpcd-eth0.info 
* for manual input look at /etc/networks (IP or Gateway) and /etc/resolv.conf (DNS) 

 Please note that all in one routers (wired+wireless) or separate routers may need different settings 

IPv4 involves routing (192,168.x.x), firewall, NAT 


===Wireless===

 You may have a Wifi Prefs to use for wireless setup 

[[File:MyArosWirelessSetup.png|thumb|Setting up]]

[[File:MyArosWirelessTCP.png|thumb|Shell commands to work out what is happening]]

We must first make certain you have a Atheros 5k chip inside acting as the wireless wifi option. Open PCITool in Tools directory. Down left hand side are a series of numbers 0.00.0 etc. Click on some at the bottom and hopefully one of them will say Atheros AR5??? or AR242?. 

or a Realtek RTL8187B, we can check using Prefs/Trident as this one is USB based 


There are many similarities with the above Wired set up so please read the above section as well 


* open Network/Prefs
* In '''IPv4 Configuration''' tab - click Add - enter net0 / active tick / #?.device / Unit 0 / IP Mode = manual (important if default DHCP does not work automatically) 

Make sure that any extra network names (e.g. eth1 or net1) should be deleted. If net0 already st previously, change net0 so that it shows associated with the appropriate device name like atheros5000.device or realtek8180.device. Having two entries here will cause sub-net problems. 

* Go to '''Wireless''' tab and click on &quot;Add&quot; button. 
* Insert network name (SSID your wireless network name use wirelessmanager to get it), select right &quot;encyption&quot; that is most likely &quot;WPA&quot;. 
* Key Type set as &quot;Passphrase&quot;. i.e. type in your password for your router (aka access key). 
* Unselect (no tick) &quot;hidden&quot; if it is selected, then apply. You may have to tick it if wireless does not work. 
* Finally, Save and '''reboot'''. 

For the best chance of success, set networking to start at boot, and then reboot with the USB adapter plugged in. 


===USB Ethernet===

Open SYS:Prefs/Network and in the IPv4 Configuration tag (top table covers your usb stick) 

* click Add button
* set Name as net0
* Tick Active box
* enter the usb-ethernet.device e.g. dm9601eth.device, usbpegasus.device or usbasixeth.device use SYS:c/devlist, '''Scout''' or trident prefs to get the correct spelling 
* set Unit to 0 (which is usual but check the messages from the bottom of the Trident prefs whilst plugging the device in to determine the unit number otherwise) 
* IP Mode is set to Get address from DHCP (make sure your router is set right for that) 
'''or manual'''
* IP Address of network card, i.e. 192.168.0.xx or 192.168.1.xx (xx being greater than 1) 
* Subnet netmask = 255.255.255.0 
* click OK

There can be sometimes be boot failures when using USB ethernet - plug the USB device in after boot and save the network prefs to make it work again. 


Lower part of IPv4 tab covers the router information 

* IP Mode Get address from DHCP 
'''or if manual settings'''
* Gateway (IP Address of router) = usually 192.168.0.1 or 192.168.1.1 but see router manual to make sure. 
* first DNS = use 8.8.8.8, 208.67.222.222 (opendns) or 212.50.160.100 
* second DNS = use 8.8.4.4, 208.67.220.220 (opendns) or 213.249.130.100 


===USB Tethering via Android smartphone===


Go to AROS Network Prefs (IPv4 configuration tab) and write type in &quot;usbrndis.device&quot; in the &quot;device&quot; textfield of &quot;Interface&quot; sub-window, which appears when you add a new device (or modify an existing one). Select &quot;Start Network during system boot&quot; and saved the configuration, the Connection is immediate no reboot is needed.&lt;br&gt;

usbrndis.device is a resident device (virtually always there) in fact, a driver is not present in DEVS:Networks &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

Plug in USB cable, go to Android settings and enable &quot;USB Tethering&quot; &lt;br&gt;

A reboot should not be necessary.

When restarting AROS, the Smartphone deactivates the connection and to access the network again have to reactivate it before starting the browser. 


===Solving Issues===

[[File:MyArosTCP.png|thumb|Aros network setup diagnostics - why does it not work?]]

* In Network Preferences, have '''only one''' item in the IPv4 Configuration tab 
* If using manual settings, make sure all numbers are correct, especially for IP address of the card/usb (changing the last number in chain of four) 
* For any USB based networking, it is often necessary to save in Prefs/Network, reboot AROS and network support can begin 


* For wired, make sure that the LAN-cable is plugged in before starting the computer 


* If wireless, try getting closer to the router. 
* Switch off the encryption option from your router then try wifi, if successful then your ip/dns is ok. If not then your ip/dns settings are most probably wrong or need to use one or more opendns numbers 
* Replace detachable wireless antenna (best wireless option to buy if you can) with a stronger antenna ie. 5&amp;nbsp;dBi or 7&amp;nbsp;dBi 
* Try with another computer/laptop/machine 

Program Error  C:WirelessManager 

* Test with another OS 
* Check that Wifi works before changeover (if possible) 
* Check that socket and card are working 
* Check if card is too new for laptop (date code on card MMYY blue askey date 2005-2007 etc)   


Are you connecting with the Router ? 

Check with protection off e.g. wps and wep to see if it makes a difference. 


For USB wireless - stopping and starting may be needed...

&lt;pre&gt;

; $VER: AROSTCP-startnet 1.0 (01/08/06)
; AROSTCP-startnet (c) The AROS Dev Team.
;
Run &lt;NIL: &gt;NIL: AROSTCP
WaitForPort AROSTCP
If NOT Warn
  ; echo &quot;Stack online&quot;
Else
  echo &quot;Wait for Stack Failed&quot;
EndIf

; stop and restart
execute &quot;sys:system/network/AROSTCP/s/stopnet&quot;

Run &lt;NIL: &gt;NIL: AROSTCP
WaitForPort AROSTCP
If NOT Warn
  ; echo &quot;Stack online&quot;
Else
  echo &quot;Wait for Stack Failed&quot;
EndIf

run &lt;NIL: &gt;NIL: wirelessmanager realtek8180.device

&lt;/pre&gt;


What IRQ number is assigned to the device? You can check with Tools/PCITool? 
It's possible the BIOS hasn't set the right IRQ number. If you have a Linux CD/DVD handy, could you check if it boots with the options &quot;acpi=off noapic nolapic&quot;? 


If the following does nothing, this will help us figure out why networking doesn't start automatically at boot

open a shell and run the following commands:

&lt;pre&gt;
echo ${AROSTCP/AutoRun}
echo ${AROSTCP/WirelessAutoRun}
echo ${AROSTCP/WirelessDevice}
&lt;/pre&gt;

Please report the output, typically it will look like this  

# True  (explanation this variable is related to the &quot;Start networking during system boot&quot; checkbox in network prefs) 
# True  ()
# Devs:networks/atheros5000.device unit 0


If there's a problem with the AROSTCP package. What's the output of this?

 ENV:sys/packages/AROSTCP 

should return a string = Sys:System/Network/AROSTCP


By the way, a quicker way to check networking is working would be to run some shell commands such as:


&lt;pre&gt;
ping www.google.com
ifconfig net0
&lt;/pre&gt;


The best way to list the available networks and diagnose / troubleshoot problems with connecting to a wireless network is to run WirelessManager manually. First uncheck the &quot;Start networking during system boot&quot; box in the Network prefs app, then save and reboot. Then run this in a shell:

 C:wirelessmanager atheros5000.device verbose 

or 

 C:wirelessmanager realtek8180.device verbose 

and capture the output 


If the above does not help, could you edit the file SYS:System/Network/AROSTCP/S/Package-Startup, and change &quot;&gt;NIL:&quot; to &quot;&gt;T:wifi.log&quot; on the WirelessManager line and add this as well Wait 5?

&lt;pre&gt;
if ${AROSTCP/WirelessAutoRun} eq &quot;True&quot;
Run QUIET &quot;C:WirelessManager ${AROSTCP/WirelessDevice} &gt;T:wifi.log&quot;
wait 5
EndIf
&lt;/pre&gt;

Then save, reboot and post the log file (T:wifi.log) here.


&lt;pre&gt;

c:wirelessmanager atheros5000.device verbose
Initializing interface 'atheros5000.device:0' conf 'ENV:Wireless.prefs' driver 'default' ctrl_interface 'N/A' bridge 'N/A'
Configuration file 'ENV:Wireless.prefs' -&gt; 'ENV:Wireless.prefs'
Reading configuration file 'ENV:Wireless.prefs'
Line: 1 - start of a new network block
ssid - hexdump_ascii(len=7)
65 63 68 65 6c 6f 6e echelon
PSK (ASCII passphrase) - hexdump_ascii(len=14): [REMOVED]
key_mgmt: 0x2
PSK (from passphrase) - hexdump(len=32): [REMOVED]
Priority group 0
id=0 ssid='echelon'


Then it just sits there. Not sure what a normal dump looks like, I don't see anything that looks wrong in the configuration.
&lt;/pre&gt;

looks like the driver isn't working with that card. Has anyone else successfully used that exact model number (AR2413)?


&lt;pre&gt;

Initializing interface 'atheros5000.device:0' conf 'ENV:Wireless.prefs' driver 'default' ctrl_interface 'N/A' bridge 'N/A'
Configuration file 'ENV:Wireless.prefs' -&gt; 'ENV:Wireless.prefs'
Line: 1 - start of a new network block
ssid - hexdump_ascii(len=7):
65 63 68 65 6c 6f 6e echelon
PSK (ASCII passphrase) - hexdump_ascii(len=14): [REMOVED]
key_mgmt: 0x2
PSK (from passphrase) - hexdump(len=32): [REMOVED]
Priority group 0
id=0 ssid='echelon'
*** [wpa_sm_init] sm-&gt;pmksa=02c66fd4 ***
Own MAC address: 00:01:36:15:ae:0c
RSN: flushing PMKID list in the driver
Setting scan request: 0 sec 100000 usec
EAPOL: SUPP_PAE entering state DISCONNECTED
EAPOL: Supplicant port status: Unauthorized
EAPOL: KEY_RX entering state NO_KEY_RECEIVE
EAPOL: SUPP_BE entering state INITIALIZE
EAP: EAP entering state DISABLED
EAPOL: Supplicant port status: Unauthorized
EAPOL: Supplicant port status: Unauthorized
Added interface atheros5000.device:0
State: DISCONNECTED -&gt; SCANNING
Started AP scan for wildcard SSID
MLME: starting scan
MLME: scan channel 1 (2412 MHz)
sana2: sending MLME frame


Then it stops. Does this mean the router is not authorizing this NIC?

IRQ 4 (A)

&lt;/pre&gt;

apparently locking up when the first frame is sent (a scan request).


&lt;pre&gt;

Devs/Networks/atheros5000.device:0
Initializing interface 'Devs/Networks/atheros5000.device:0' conf 'ENV:Wireless.prefs' driver 'default' ctrl_interface 'N/A' bridge 'N/A'
Configuration file 'ENV:Wireless.prefs' -&gt; 'ENV:Wireless.prefs'
Reading configuration file 'ENV:Wireless.prefs'
Line: 1 - start of a new network block
ssid - hexdump_ascii(len=12):
41 69 72 4c 69 6e 6b 35 39 33 30 30 AirLink59300
PSK (ASCII passphrase) - hexdump_ascii(len=8): [REMOVED]
key_mgmt: 0x2
PSK (from passphrase) - hexdump(len=32): [REMOVED]
Priority group 0
id=0 ssid='AirLink59300'
*** [wpa_sm_init] sm-&gt;pmksa=0224e444 ***
Own MAC address: 00:1f:e1:42:e3:7a
RSN: flushing PMKID list in the driver
Setting scan request: 0 sec 100000 usec
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686594.160000
EAPOL: SUPP_PAE entering state DISCONNECTED
EAPOL: Supplicant port status: Unauthorized
EAPOL: KEY_RX entering state NO_KEY_RECEIVE
EAPOL: SUPP_BE entering state INITIALIZE
EAP: EAP entering state DISABLED
EAPOL: Supplicant port status: Unauthorized
EAPOL: Supplicant port status: Unauthorized
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686595.060000
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686604.060000
Added interface Devs/Networks/atheros5000.device:0
[eloop_run] Starting
State: DISCONNECTED -&gt; SCANNING
Starting AP scan for wildcard SSID
MLME: starting scan
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686594.160001
MLME: scan channel 1 (2412 MHz)
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686594.193000
sana2: sending MLME frame
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686594.233000
MLME: scan channel 2 (2417 MHz)
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686594.253000
sana2: sending MLME frame
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686594.293000
MLME: scan channel 3 (2422 MHz)
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686594.333000
sana2: sending MLME frame
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686594.373000
MLME: scan channel 4 (2427 MHz)
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686594.393000
sana2: sending MLME frame
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686594.433000
MLME: scan channel 5 (2432 MHz)
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686594.473000
sana2: sending MLME frame
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686594.513000
MLME: scan channel 6 (2437 MHz)
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686594.553000
sana2: sending MLME frame
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686594.573000
MLME: scan channel 7 (2442 MHz)
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686594.613000
sana2: sending MLME frame
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686594.653000
MLME: scan channel 8 (2447 MHz)
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686594.693000
sana2: sending MLME frame
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686594.713000
MLME: scan channel 9 (2452 MHz)
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686594.753000
sana2: sending MLME frame
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686594.793000
MLME: scan channel 10 (2457 MHz)
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686594.833000
sana2: sending MLME frame
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686594.853000
MLME: scan channel 11 (2462 MHz)
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686594.893000
sana2: sending MLME frame
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686594.933000
MLME: scan channel 12 (2467 MHz)
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686594.973000
sana2: sending MLME frame
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686595.013000
MLME: scan channel 13 (2472 MHz)
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686595.033000
sana2: sending MLME frame
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686595.073000
EAPOL: disable timer tick
EAPOL: Supplicant port status: Unauthorized
MLME: scan channel 14 (2484 MHz)
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686595.113000
sana2: sending MLME frame
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686595.153000
MLME: scan channel 1 (2412 MHz)
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686595.193000
sana2: sending MLME frame
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686595.213000
MLME: scan channel 2 (2417 MHz)
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686595.253000
sana2: sending MLME frame
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686595.293000
MLME: scan channel 3 (2422 MHz)
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686595.333000
sana2: sending MLME frame
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686595.353000
MLME: scan channel 4 (2427 MHz)
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686595.393000
sana2: sending MLME frame
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686595.433000
MLME: scan channel 5 (2432 MHz)
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686595.473000
sana2: sending MLME frame
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686595.493000
MLME: scan channel 6 (2437 MHz)
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686595.533000
sana2: sending MLME frame
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686595.573000
MLME: scan channel 7 (2442 MHz)
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686595.613000
sana2: sending MLME frame
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686595.653000
MLME: scan channel 8 (2447 MHz)
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686595.673000
sana2: sending MLME frame
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686595.713000
MLME: scan channel 9 (2452 MHz)
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686595.753000
sana2: sending MLME frame
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686595.793000
MLME: scan channel 10 (2457 MHz)
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686595.833000
sana2: sending MLME frame
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686595.853000
MLME: scan channel 11 (2462 MHz)
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686595.893000
sana2: sending MLME frame
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686595.933000
MLME: scan channel 12 (2467 MHz)
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686595.973000
sana2: sending MLME frame
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686595.993000
MLME: scan channel 13 (2472 MHz)
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686596.033000
sana2: sending MLME frame
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686596.073000
MLME: scan completed

&lt;/pre&gt;

Is your network hidden? If so, did you enable the 'Hidden' checkbox in the network prefs? What distro version are you using? 


&lt;pre&gt;
&quot;ENV:sys/wireless.prefs&quot; looks like this:
network={
ssid=&quot;testadhoc&quot;
key_mgmt=NONE
wep_key0=&quot;12345&quot;
wep_tx_keyidx=0
}
&lt;/pre&gt; 


If your router doesn't broadcast its SSID (hidden), you need to add this option to the network block of the wpa_supplicant.conf on your aros machine and make changes after  # Example blocks: 

 scan_ssid=1

Here's a full description of all the [http://hostap.epitest.fi/gitweb/gitweb.cgi?p=hostap.git;a=blob_plain;f=wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf config file options]. 

&lt;pre&gt;
ap_scan=1

network={
ssid=&quot;YOURESSID&quot;
scan_ssid=1
proto=RSN
key_mgmt=WPA-PSK
pairwise=CCMP
group=CCMP
psk=YOURPASSWORD
}
&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;pre&gt;
filter_ssids=1
ap_scan=2

network={
ssid=&quot;REMOVED&quot;
scan_ssid=1
bssid=REMOVED
priority=100
mode=0
proto=RSN
key_mgmt=WPA-PSK
auth_alg=OPEN
pairwise=CCMP
group=CCMP
psk=REMOVED
}
&lt;/pre&gt;


Error 6: Couldn't resolve host name.

Check Scout -&gt; Devices and look at the device that you are using, in the OCnt column it should state 2 which means AROSTCP and Wirelessmanager are both accessing this driver. If 0 or 1, then uncheck the checkbox in Network prefs for starting networking at boot, save and reboot. Then run this is the shell:

C:WirelessManager realtek8180.device unit 0


some quirks setting up the wireless network as well 

1) it's far better setting up either the wired OR the wireless network adapter as net0:, or weird things happen

2) it's better using fixed IP on the local network instead of DHCP

3) network setting must be placed in network setting panel in /prefs, using the wirelessmanager helped me finding available SSIDs, but not actually connecting to them

once done, reboot.


If previous setup is proving problematic 

&lt;pre &gt;

SYS:Prefs/Env-Archive/Wireless.prefs
SYS:Prefs/Env-Archive/Zune/OWB.config
SYS:Prefs/Env-Archive/Zune/global.config
SYS:Prefs/Env-Archive/AROSTCP/WirelessDevice
SYS:Prefs/Env-Archive/AROSTCP/db/Interfaces
&lt;/pre &gt; 

Make a copy of these files and restore in case of problems. 


Please try this test to check if you can connect to your router, ie established that the WiFi layer is working 

̊̊̊̊Boot with networking disabled, by make sure that &quot;Start networking at boot&quot; in Network Prefs is unchecked (no tick).  
̊ Run this in a shell: C:WirelessManager atheros5000.device VERBOSE
̊If the output of that command is too long to summarise here, you can redirect it to a file by adding &gt;RAM:wifi.log to the end, then attach or paste that file here.


try running &quot;status&quot; in the shell and check that AROSTCP is listed/running
If AROStcp is not showing, then AROSTCP is not running. attempted to start it by clicking Use or Save in network prefs, or checking the &quot;start networking at boot&quot; box or typing into a shell. 

 Execute SYS:System/Network/AROSTCP/s/startnet

(run Status again afterwards).


The &quot;cannot resolve hostname&quot; will appear if you are blocked on the wifi network by the router as well as aros not being able to assign correct network address.

One way of testing this might be to disable the firewall in the router. you might also check the router how it sees the attempts aros do to speak to it. The easiest way to do that would be to manually give aros an IP number in the routers accepted range. and see if it shows up at all within the router.


Tests that can be undertaken to determine correct settings and functions 

 pciinfo
 sanautil -d broadcom4400.device status

&lt;pre &gt;
 ping &lt;router-address&gt; e.g. 192.168.0.1 (aka inet) or 80.237.146.33 (www.amiganews.de) 
 ifconfig net0
 ifconfig net0 up
 extras:networking/utils/sanautil/sanautil -d atheros5000.device status
 WirelessManager atheros5000.device verbose &gt;RAM:wifi.log
 ;to send the log to RAM disk to be read easier or if detected, 
 Run WirelessManager atheros5000.device &gt;NIL:
 Run WirelessManager atheros5000.device ssid=&quot;mynet1&quot; &gt;NIL: 
 C:WirelessManager realtek8180.device unit 0 
&lt;/pre &gt; 

Please look at the task list in Scout, and check if WirelessManager and AROSTCP are running. Also look at the device list in Scout to check if realtek8180.device is open. 


start tools/debug/sashimi, maybe it shows some debug messages when disconnection happens.


Firstly, let's take a look at what your setup most likely looks like, assuming you use a router. See diagram below: 

&lt;pre&gt;
Internet &lt;---------&gt; home router &lt;---------&gt; computer 
-----------external IP------------------internal IP-------------
&lt;/pre&gt;

Okay, so what am I trying to show you with that diagram. A few things. Firstly, the IP address that connects you to the Internet is not the same one that connects you to your router. What happens is that your computer doesn't have a direct connection to the Internet, instead your router connects to the Internet, and your computer connects to the router.

You can see the external and internal IP addresses in these example settings...

* Default Gateway : 76.91.64.1 (external IP for ISP/Internet host)
* IP Address : 76.91.71.184 (external IP for home router)

* IP Address : 192.168.0.1 (internal IP for home router)
* Address = 192.168.0.161 (internal IP for computer)

As you can see, there are two internal IP addresses and two external IP addresses. This is because there is a client/server relationship, effectively one address is for the service (server) and one address is for the device trying to access that service (client).

The server addresses in your case are 76.91.64.1 (your ISP's address, serving the Internet), and 192.168.0.1 (your home router's address, serving your home network). The term gateway applies here, they are your gateway to those services.

Subnet masks are used along with IP addresses to determine which IP addresses are allowed access to a network. I did learn the more in-depth rules about subnet masks once (watched a CCNA vid), but I've forgotten about it. The basic level of understanding you'll need is easy to remember though. A subnet mask value of 255 means that portion of the IP address must stay constant, whereas a subnet value of 0 means any unassigned value up to 255 is allowed in the IP address.

By far the most common subnet value is 255.255.255.0. What this means is that the first three parts of the IP address you use to connect to a service must stay the same as the server/gateway address, and only the last section can change.

So if your router's internal IP address is 192.168.0.1, and the subnet mask is 255.255.255.0, the only addresses that will be allowed to be used on that network are between 192.168.0.2 and 192.168.0.255 (I think 192.168.0.0 is reserved for other uses).

Final point to make is about DHCP (a.k.a. dynamic IP) vs static IP. A server/router using DHCP gives a device that connects to it an address within the acceptable range. It usually starts with the lowest numbered free address, so with your router it'll give the first device that connects to it 192.168.0.2, the next device 192.168.0.3, and so on. Static IP addresses are where you set the IP address you want to connect with in advance. 

When using static IP addresses on a router where DHCP is active, it's good to use a high number to avoid conflicts with other devices that are connected to your network, to reduce the risk that both devices will try using the same IP. That's why your current choice of 192.168.0.161 is good, unless you have over 159 devices connected on your current network!


Okay, so what's the next step. Well, if you can use ping, I'd suggest pinging 192.168.0.1. If you get a positive response it means you're connected to your router, if you don't get a response it means the connection between your router and your computer is at fault.

Documentation on configuring the AROSTCP environment further can be found [http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Aros/User/Networking here] 


===File Sharing===

As AROS knows only a few filesystems (FFS, OFS, SFS, PFS (amiga only), FAT12, 16, 32, Microsoft NTFS (windows), UDF (Blu-ray)). 
The others in regular use like MacOSX hfs+, Linux ext2/ext3 and ext4, Haiku BeFS provide a problem in transferring files. 

Linux can access SFS partitions but it needs to be compiled. The latest full source are [http://home.elka.pw.edu.pl/~mszyprow/programy/asfs/ here]. It compiled fine with a 2.6.30 kernel in Puppy Linux 4.31. 

An alternative, is to use a FAT32 partition to share. Setup a 4G FAT32 partition using HDToolbox for sharing, and the rest of the space as SFS for an Aros install. It works very well. 

Files could be transferred via TCP internet network. 


====SMB2/3====

With Windows you can share one folder or all folders of the &quot;Public&quot; user.

On Windows what is important is to enable sharing (Network and Sharing Center).

AROS Mountlist should look lke this 
&lt;pre&gt;
Handler = L:smb2-handler
StackSize = 65536
Priority = 5
GlobVec = -1
ACTIVATE=1
Startup = &quot;smb://UserAcc:password@PCShare/Sharefolder&quot;
&lt;/pre&gt;

which could also be
&quot;smb://UserPC:password@192.168.x.x/Public&quot;
or
&quot;smb://UserPC:password@Name-PC/Public&quot;

so
&quot;smb://UserPC:password@192.168.1.158/Folder&quot;
or
&quot;smb://UserPC:password@Name-PC/Folder&quot;


After you have configured a share generates a DOSDrivers it is named &quot;SMB0&quot; which includes the setting, and at each reboot it is Mounted. You can still delete the DOSDriver by hand, is located in Storage/DOSDrivers, the file &quot;ServerAutoMounts&quot;, in ENV:AROSTCP which indicates the DOSDriver to be mounted, should also be deleted. 
The per-mount files are written to ENV:SMB or SYS:Storage/DOSDrivers. There is also additional file ENV:AROSTCP/ServerAutoMounts which states what will be presented to the end user. 


====Old SMBFS====

e.g. to connect to a NAS share such as \\NASBOX\Shared use -:

SMBFS WORKGROUP=&lt;YOUR WORKGROUP NAME&gt; VOLUME=&lt;AROS volume name to use&gt;: SERVICE=&lt;UNC Path to connect to&gt;

SMBFS WORKGROUP=MYNET VOLUME=Shared: SERVICE=//NASBOX/Shared

And you will then have an icon appear on your desktop for the volume name you have chosen. 


You can put the above script into wbstartup or  

give it an icon, change it to a 'project' and give it the default tool c:iconx 

Open a shell and type copy sys:script.info &quot;sys:wbstartup/YOURSCRIPTNAME.info&quot;

This should create an icon for your script file.

Now right-click on your script and select 'information'.

Change 'tool' to 'project', put 'c:iconx' into the 'default tool' box, click save 

The reason being that scripts need to be opened with 'execute SCRIPTNAME' (or 'iconx') whereas the programs started from wbstartup are opened using 'run PROGRAMNAME'. It's the same as trying to start a command-line tool from the workbench by double-clicking it.


====Setup ISO images within AROS====

Use [http://archives.aros-exec.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=driver/storage DiskImage] which supports many cd image formats ISO, CCD, MDF/MDS, CUE/BIN, NRG and UIF. To mount CD or DVD images use below....

&lt;pre &gt;
# Rename your iso 'Unit0' (note no extension).
# Do 'View/All files' on you Aros partition. You should now see a folder called 'Diskimages'. Copy your renamed iso to there. 
(Alternatively, you could type at the shell 'assign FDSK: xxx', where xxx is the location of your iso.) 
# From the shell, type 'mount CD0:' and the iso should appear on the Wanderer desktop. You can now access it like a real disk.
&lt;/pre &gt; 

 assign devname: dismount 
 Assign DOSVOLUME: remove
 [http://aminet.net/package/disk/misc/unmount-0.1 unmount] most filesystems work but SFS lacks support for ACTION_DIE packet 

If you are using an IcAros install, the startup scripts are set up to wipe the Diskimages directory on boot, so its worth keeping a second copy of the iso somewhere else. Alternatively, you could set up extra mountlists for additional iso images. I've made a file called iso1 in the Aros:devs directory that contains the following text:

&lt;pre&gt;
/* Entry for ISO image */

ISO1:
FileSystem = cdrom.handler
Device = fdsk.device
Unit = 1
LowCyl = 0
HighCyl = 0
Surfaces = 1
BlocksPerTrack = 1
DOSType = 0x41434400
Activate = 1
#
&lt;/pre&gt;

Then I just need an iso called 'Unit1' (corresponding to the 'Unit = 1' entry in the mountlist) in Diskimages (or wherever I assign FDSK: to) and to mount I type in at the shell:

 Mount iso1: from devs:iso1

Of course, if you create mountlists for ISO2, ISO3:, etc. (with the corresponding change to the 'Unit = ' line) you can have as many isos mounted as you wish. I just call mine ISO1: etc. to distinguish them from the real CD drives 


==Video Guides==


Video demonstrations and tutorials covering:

:00. '''Introduction''' 
::[https://www.youtube.com/@jamesmattson6813/videos Various Aros Installs], 
::[https://www.youtube.com/embed/j8EmSEby0Rg AROS repo in gource, view of AROS dev commits from 1997 to 2025], [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vx_zqlBow40&amp;feature=related Gource view of AROS 1997 up to 2009], 
::[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s1RsvEm7UrU Why an Amiga OS in 2011], 
::[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1W886mheV74&amp;pp=ygUPYW1pZ2EgYXJvcyAyMDI2 Johan Grip on early days of AROS x86], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mXaKDhtTTqQ&amp;t=14s&amp;pp=ygUPYW1pZ2EgYXJvcyAyMDI2 Michel Schulz on Aros and PiStorm], 

:01. '''Installation'''
::[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M7YjufrJqDs Aros One install], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iIMguHTdC5E Aros One USB install], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZNXauy5m5Wc Aros One install], [http://vimeo.com/11013489 Modify Grub boot], 
::[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wyQVeyXIywc&amp;feature=channel iMica Silent Pt3], [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o2AnkoflY14 Wipe whole drive and Install - warning loss of data on drive], 
::[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OVXm6_-witQ VirtualBox install], [ VMware install], 
::[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0k2PEmT8I14 Broadway AROS Install], 
::[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PtDiXhjSIfs Is Aros Icaros a choice?], 
::[ driver install], 
::[http://www.vimeo.com/10491104 HDAudio install but needs account], [], 

:02. '''Amiga Basics'''
::[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TY8mWxwzH5o Screens tutorial], 
::[https://m.youtube.com/user/AMIGASYSTEM/videos General], [ Dos Scripts tutorial], [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hPT7SmVEpjc OS 1.2], [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n6kX3FqH8Ww&amp;feature=related OS 1.3], 

:03. '''Customisation demos'''
::[https://www.youtube.com/@AMIGASYSTEM/videos Prefs tutorial], [ Decoration tutorial], [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Dn5C8G3aDXU Scalos], 

:04. '''Setting up''' internet access and surfing the web, FTP, IRC and Mail apps 
::[ Network Prefs], [ AirCOS tutorial], [ jabberwocky tutorial], 

:05. '''Native bundled Games and Applications''' 
::[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aYlFv2B-VXc 3D Games], [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MXK7wwhd-R0 Latest Games], [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RUgiVThv23Q&amp;feature=mfu_in_order&amp;list=UL PrBoom GL], [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0s7u8TPy7V4 Assault Cubes], [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fih6aCXKeqs Cube 2], [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-X0ay0MGOms DosBox on Aros], [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7nKduDjf14k Oct 2010], 

::[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FziV2z_uxnQ Apps Pt 1], [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xs37_nfa5CI Apps Pt 2], [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bn59_VvbQR0&amp;feature=related Apps Pt 3], 
::DOpus4 [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aSRybWjrrME DOpus 4], 
::Milkytracker [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VxBOEPzpdKg&amp;feature=related Laying Down Base Tracks], 
::[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k2uKQ0-ieOE Audio Evolution 4 in action], [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Zq4r9k0_jZI Quick Videos], 
::[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gGKCFZcIc0I&amp;feature=related ScreenRecorder], [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=974c2e-Fqak&amp;feature=related TV out Tests], 
::[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fjq8ct5d5IY AmiFIG], [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h0rHvPhYJo4&amp;feature=youtu.be ZuneFIG], 
::[http://wiki.povray.org/content/Documentation:Tutorial_Section_1 POVray Tutorial 1], 
::[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jk-ZNLfJsvQ pt 1, jan. 2008], [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nWRy33g1R7Y pt 2, feb. 2009], [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r5PbhCtm4vE pt 3, feb. 2010], 

::[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G7_FJUoQ89o Hollywood programming], [], [], [],

::[], [], [], 
::[], [], [], 
::[], [], [], 


:06. '''Commercial software available'''
::[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fKXY9B4R43s AntiryadGX 3D Game Editor], 
::[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TMS9NDzwm5U BOH indie Game], 

:07. '''Running classic amiga apps and games''' 
:: Amiberry [], [], 
::[http://vmwaros.blogspot.com/2008/11/introducing-amibridge.html Intro Amibridge], [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ee2PWvCZeLo Old Amiga Apps], [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ee2PWvCZeLo Why Janus UAE is good], 
::[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VhlsNSYSuDg DPaint tutorial]

::[http://vmwaros.blogspot.com/2009/11/can-icaros-play-my-amiga-games-and-why.html Play Amiga Games], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XTaZCNOvCnE], 
::[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tMehS77LXQ4 Pagestream Introduction], [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=284-w3hTzII Pagestream Tutorial 1], [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mlwEGwhZzl4 Pagestream Tutorial 2], 
::[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iIcrIjPOctc Catweasel Mk4 PCI Part 1] and [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BaitHeL6bEA Part 2], 

:08. '''Misc and History'''

::[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d6mDXKU29w0 Mum uses old AmigaOS Workbench 1.1 (1986)], [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DaRkacQ-YMg Why an Amiga 500 (1987)], [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k5CYsgVCzYY an Amiga 2000 (1987)], 

:09. '''Misc Shows and Events'''
::[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=klgVSWKs4kE VCF 2010], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eQ3d5qR-Hv8 24:06 Jason McMullan at amiwest 2012 about AROS], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jpQO7XSfAv4 Aros SMP multi core amiwest 2013], [], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gFRtAAmiFbE], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DjdUEyjx8GM], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ydYDqZQpim8], [], [https://www.youtube.com/@uminekoshouten/featured], [https://www.youtube.com/shorts/NfoY023w-vE], 

:10. 
::[https://www.youtube.com/shorts/6qJTNW4-6GY]


===History===

The project was originally started by a small group of Amiga [http://www.amigahistory.co.uk/aros.html enthusiasts] in 1995. These individuals were mainly computer-based college university students at the start, though that student trend has diminished since. An interview with Aaron Digulla [http://arosshow.blogspot.com/2006/12/interview-with-aaron-digulla-who.html here] 

* 1992 Commodore folds 
* 1996-1998 much of the early years was concerned with exec, dos and intuition libraries. 
* Early 1999, Haage &amp; Partner used parts of the AROS code in AmigaOS 3.9. 
* March 2001, floppy disk images of AROS became available. 
* Early 2002, AROS changed its name from Amiga Replacement Operating System to Amiga Research Operating System 
* June 2002, AROS devs decided to use Zune (MUI 3.8 rewrite) as the GUI system. 
* November 2002, Eric Schwartz drew Kitty for AROS usage. 
* Early 2003, AROS.org underwent a graphics facelift. 
* Late 2003, GCC C compiler arrived. 
* Early 2004, Aros-Exec opened. 
* Early 2005, Aros Max bootable CD arrived. 
* Late 2005, SFS filesystem ported and allowed fast access to apps and network support arrived 
* Early 2007, AROS.org underwent another graphics facelift. 
* Mid-2007, AROS changed to AROS Research Operating System after A.Inc. sued Hyperion with a trademark violation. 
* Late 2007, the hard disk installer added and VmwAROS (later called Icaros Desktop) distro launched. 
* Early 2009, Our first usable web browser (OWB)
* September 2010, first wireless support appears and AspireOS started as a distro 


* Early 2012, the first paper-cut bugfix and Fab's Odyssey Web Browser ported 
* Early 2017, work started on utilising the addition cores on modern CPUs starting with the 64bit x86 PC version  
* Mid-2017, m68k port optimized for the Vampire 2 / Apollo accelerators (68080 AMMX FPGA) 
* 2018 The old AROS Exec website closed and a new one opened 
* 2019 AROS One x86 32bit distribution started and now with USB install version 
* Early 2021, backport of more features of 32bit PC ABIv1 into 32bit PC ABIv0 (Aros One 1.5 and above) 
* 2025 year of 64bit pc builds and porting 32bit applications to 64bit ABIv11
* 2026 update of [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6FKTL068ULM&amp;pp=ygUPYXJvcyBhbWlnYSAyMDI2 nvidia nouveau driver for 64bit PC] 


===Bounties===

To help inspire developers with both ideas and monetary incentives, rewards are offered for the successful completion of &quot;bounties&quot; (requests for missing/new functionality) chosen by the community and handled by [http://power2people.org power2people] (formerly done by TeamAROS). A monthly option is [http://www.power2people.org/funds/aros/ here].


Future goals for AROS include expanding its underlying retargetability to support even more diverse architectures, provide memory protection features and user level file security, SMP and many other wonderful features missing from AmigaOS &amp;mdash; while still providing as much source level compatibility as is possible (however it is accepted that to achieve some goals code certain things may require a little recoding).


[http://www.ohloh.net/p/aros/contributors Developers] come and go as with any open source effort and we would like to thank them for their efforts... 

;1996-2000:In DigullaA (coordinator), GripJ, TempletonI (BSD), SchulzM, RittauS, voordenDagL, HolmM, JohanssonT, VanIngelgomH, SteigerwaldM, BortasP, deJongK, AlfredssonJ, InnocentiB, 

;2001-2005:In [http://chodorowski.com/adam/aros.html ChodorowskiA], StegerG, BergerS, HeutlingS, AlemagnaF (gcc), VerhaegenS (rexx), KielH, MatheussenKS (CAMD), SzczygielskiP, ErikssonP, LeCorfecD (Zune), BauerS (Zune), FurlongW, GustafssonJ, AndrewsN, CafferkeyN, GierichM (jpeg), PattonJ, ParsonsM, DietrichJ, SeilerT, BischoffL, LorentzenNH, AdamO, BerglundH, SmithP, HolmenD, BlomM, 

;2006-2010:In FedinP, RusslerM, SzymczykS (owb), SmiechowiczK (openGL), WeissM, NorrisR, BrunnerO, WiszkowskiT, GreppinA, [http://www.fukt.bsnet.se/~bearsoft/ Bearsoft Björn Screwelius], ErbY, CharletF, HodgesC, [http://aros-exec.org/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?topic_id=4819&amp;forum=18&amp;post_id=43103#forumpost43103 HokstadV], McMullanJ (m68k), WilenT (m68k), 

;2011- :In MuijzenbergPHvanden, ALB42, JonesEM, weiju, DizzyofCRN, wawa, miker, 


* 1996 - The linux hosted version for i386 was the first to arrive 
* 1998 - i386, The native version for i386-based PC AT computers and compatibles.
* 2004 - x86/64, The native version for 64-bit (x86_64, amd64) PC computers.
* 2008 - sam440/ppc, The native version for Sam440EP, Sam440EP Flex and Sam460ex computers.
* 2009 - efika, The native version for PowerPC Efika computers.
* 2010 - m68k, The native version for m68k Amigas or WinUAE
* 2013 - raspi/armfh, early native version for ARMv6 based Raspberry Pi computers.
* 2017 - x86/64bit smp 


Debugging capture serial debug at all (especially with sysdebug=all or --sysdebug=all) to see it displayed on screen 

* yes, usb -&gt; rs232 adapters can work most of the time, some of the cheapest ones are not fully compatible with all rs232 devices to capture to another device 
* you will need a null modem cable (or a null modem adapter usually female to female) in addition to the usb -&gt; rs232 adapter (usb adapter is a normal modem ie. the pins are not crossed over) 

Normal modem cable - straight connection DCE 
&lt;pre&gt;
Pin 2 -&gt; Pin 2  RXD
Pin 3 -&gt; Pin 3  TXD 
Pin 5 -&gt; Pin 5  GND
&lt;/pre&gt;

Null modem cable connections DTE 
&lt;pre&gt;
Pin 2 -&gt; Pin 3
Pin 3 -&gt; Pin 2
Pin 5 -&gt; Pin 5
&lt;/pre&gt;
(9pole SUB-D)


&lt;pre&gt;
serial  ser: (amiga/aros)  tty2 tty1USB0 (linux)  COM1 (windows)  (depends on the os being used) 
speed baud transfer rate 9600 38400     lower baud might be more successful 
data bits 8
stop bits 1
parity none
handshaking flow control - none xon/xoff (most likely)  rts/cts  dsr/dtr (pins not connected so should not work) 
&lt;/pre&gt;


*You cannot use compiled aros X86-64 bit software (when ready) on aros X86 32bit. PPC compiled software on X86 and so on. 
*68k is tested with the UAE emulator (WinUAE) but some tests are done on native 68000 based Amigas and others. 
*PPC support is very limited to certain devices. 


If you use the WBStartup, you have to delete the other icons in the folder (readme etc..) and you have to add in the Icon Tooltype the parameter DONOTWAIT

If you use user-startup instead, you need to add the attached command &quot;after assignment to LUA&quot;
C:WBRun DH1:Extras/Utility/WeatherBar/WeatherBar &gt;NIL:
Change the command to match your WeatherBar path.

&lt;pre&gt;
PATH sys:Utilities/WeatherBar ADD
run &gt;nil: lua:amilua weatherforecast.lua
&lt;/pre&gt;

To enter data your Country or City, ist with city_id numbers can be found [http://bulk.openweathermap.org/sample/city.list.json.gz here] or you need to go to [https://www.bbc.com/weather BBC Weather], once you type the name of your city or town in the appropriate tab, and press enter, the 7 numbers to be added in the &quot;WeatherBar&quot; will appear on the Browser url address bar above 


Unicode v16.0 emojis are not supported but [https://github.com/jens-maus/libcodesets codesets.library] provides 

&lt;pre&gt;
internally supported (hardcoded) charsets/codesets are: (conversions are possible from and to each codeset):

    AmigaPL – Polish (Amiga)
    Amiga-1251 – Cyrillic (Amiga)
    ISO-8859-1 – Western European
    ISO-8859-1+Euro – West European (with EURO)
    ISO-8859-2 – Central/East European
    ISO-8859-3 – South European
    ISO-8859-4 – North European
    ISO-8859-5 – Slavic languages
    ISO-8859-9 – Turkish
    ISO-8859-15 – West European II
    ISO-8859-16 – South-Eastern European
    KOI8-R – Russian
    UTF-8 – Unicode

In addition, external charset table files can be stored in LIBS:Charsets or loaded by an application from PROGDIR:Charsets. The charset files included with this distributions are:

    IBM866 – Cyrillic (cp866)
    ISO-8859-7 – Greek (LatinGreek)
    ISO-8859-10 – Nordic (Latin 6)
    windows-1250 – Central/East Europe (Windows)
    windows-1251 – Cyrillic (Windows)
    windows-1252 – West European (Windows)
&lt;/pre&gt;


Icaros 2.3 USB image needs a header stripped so it can work correctly 
 dd bs=512 skip=1 status=progress if=icaros_light_2-3-0_pendrive.bin of=/dev/sdxy &amp;&amp; sync


Scalos 
&lt;pre&gt;
-------------------------------
{ &quot;STRING&quot;,		&quot;ID/K,TEXT/K,SRC/K,TEXTPEN/K,HALIGN/K,STYLE/K,FONT/K,VALIGN/K&quot;,

HALIGN		LEFT | CENTER | RIGHT

VALIGN		TOP | CENTER | BOTTOM

STYLE		NORMAL | BOLD | ITALIC | BOLDITALIC

FONT		// font specification - format: &quot;fontname.font/size&quot;

-------------------------------
arguments for STRING SRC

&quot;diskstate&quot;,		
&quot;diskusage&quot;,		
&quot;diskusagefree&quot;,	
&quot;diskusageinuse&quot;,	
&quot;diskusagepercent&quot;,	
&quot;fibfilename&quot;,	
&quot;filecomment&quot;,	
&quot;filedate&quot;,		
&quot;fileprotection&quot;,	
&quot;filesize&quot;,		
&quot;filetime&quot;,		
&quot;filetypestring&quot;,	
&quot;iconname&quot;,		
&quot;linktarget&quot;,		
&quot;plugin&quot;	pluginname &lt;optional plugin arguments&gt;
&quot;versionstring&quot;,	
&quot;volumecreateddate&quot;,	
&quot;volumecreatedtime&quot;,	
&quot;volumeordevicename&quot;,	

-------------------------------

arguments for HIDE

&quot;novolumenode&quot;,	
&quot;isempty&quot; (some STRING)	

-------------------------------

all internal commands:

&quot;about&quot;,		
&quot;backdrop&quot;,		
&quot;cleanup&quot;,		
&quot;cleanupbyname&quot;,	
&quot;cleanupbydate&quot;,	
&quot;cleanupbysize&quot;,	
&quot;cleanupbytype&quot;,	
&quot;clearselection&quot;,	
&quot;clone&quot;,		
&quot;close&quot;,		
&quot;copy&quot;,		
&quot;cut&quot;,		
&quot;delete&quot;,		
&quot;emptytrashcan&quot;,	
&quot;executecommand&quot;,	
&quot;formatdisk&quot;,		
&quot;iconify&quot;,		
&quot;iconinfo&quot;,		
&quot;lastmsg&quot;,		
&quot;leaveout&quot;,		
&quot;makedir&quot;,		
&quot;open&quot;,		
&quot;parent&quot;,		
&quot;paste&quot;,		
&quot;putaway&quot;,		
&quot;quit&quot;,		
&quot;redraw&quot;,		
&quot;redrawall&quot;,		
&quot;rename&quot;,		
&quot;reset&quot;,		
&quot;selectall&quot;,		
&quot;showallfiles&quot;,	
&quot;showonlyicons&quot;,	
&quot;shutdown&quot;,		
&quot;sizetofit&quot;,		
&quot;snapshot&quot;,		
&quot;snapshotall&quot;,	
&quot;snapshotwindow&quot;,	
&quot;unsnapshot&quot;,		
&quot;update&quot;,		
&quot;updateall&quot;,		
&quot;viewbydate&quot;,		
&quot;viewbyicon&quot;,		
&quot;viewbysize&quot;,		
&quot;viewbytype&quot;,		
&quot;viewbytext&quot;,		
&lt;/pre&gt;


{{status|50%}}
{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>o57x76l6hd8oca6rhvj1u7mgalzec1i</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4680484</id>
      <parentid>4680482</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T16:57:18Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jeff1138</username>
        <id>301139</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>4680484</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="140357" sha1="c520a40061hgnbe4mnsqqxqxqe89gk6" xml:space="preserve">{{ArosNav}}

==What is AROS==

Google translation 
[http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=de&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DAros%2FUser%2FDocs German], [http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=nl&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DAros%2FUser%2FDocs Dutch], [http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=fr&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DAros%2FUser%2FDocs French], [http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=it&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DAros%2FUser%2FDocs Italian], 
[http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=da&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DAros%2FUser%2FDocs Danish], 
[http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=es&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DAros%2FUser%2FDocs Spanish], [http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=hi&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DAros%2FUser%2FDocs Hindi], [http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=zh-CN&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DAros%2FUser%2FDocs Chinese], 
[http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=ru&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DAros%2FUser%2FDocs Russian], 
[http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=pl&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DAros%2FUser%2FDocs Polish], [http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=ja&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DAros%2FUser%2FDocs Japanese], [http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=ko&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DAros%2FUser%2FDocs Korean], 
[http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=pt&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DAros%2FUser%2FDocs Portuguese], 


*Computer Hardware
*AROS (operating system)
*Applications and Games
*User


[http://www.osnews.com/story/15819 AROS] is one of the intermediate levels between the computer hardware and the user. It is an open-source, clean-room implementation of AmigaOS 3.x that can be run on many different computer architectures. It runs primarily on PC x86 32bit and 64bit but also on amiga motorola 68k and compatibles, some ARM like the Pi and Apple Silicon, RISC-V and some old PowerPC. 

This page will cover enough to be able to write the downloaded image to your preferred media, to run a LiveUSB, LiveCD or LiveDVD on your office/home PC (Live meaning you can test without changing your existing setup) and, ultimately, to use it.  

Intel / AMD PC hardware support mostly covers the years 2000 to 2024. At the moment, AROS is '''not''' recommended to be '''installed''' on a working vital data holding machine. Instead, writing to and booting from a '''USB stick''' could be a much better option. 

AROS is an hobby OS and can co-exist with Windows(TM), MacOSX(TM), Android(TM) or Linux(TM) and act as an alternative. 
Unfortunately, Aros has few developers so upgrades and improvements can take [https://sourceforge.net/p/aros/mailman/aros-cvs/ time to appear]. 

AROS core is now [http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Aros/Developer/IncompleteAPIs ~80%] finished and is usable, so keep in mind that the software is still considered ALPHA/BETA and in constant development. Currently AROS is fun to play with on a curiosity level, but it is also interesting to program. AROS has some multimedia features and has internet access.  

Most importantly, use AROS to its maximum potential as it stands now, find ways to have fun with it and share your experiences. 


Good Sites to visit 

: [https://www.arosworld.org/home.php Aros World User forum] 
: [https://arosnews.github.io/ AROS News]
: [https://www.facebook.com/ArosWorkshop/ Aros Workshop], 
: [https://www.osnews.com/topic/amiga-aros/ OSNews] 
: [https://www.reddit.com/r/aros/ Reddit]


: [https://archives.arosworld.org Aros Archives] 
: [https://aminet.net/ Aminet]
: [http://www.amiga-news.de/en/ English translation of German site]


: [https://aros.sourceforge.io AROS] with [https://aros.sourceforge.io/download.html ABIv1 downloads] 
: [https://github.com/aros-development-team/AROS Aros ABIv1 Codebase]
: [https://github.com/aros-development-team/AROS/issues register ABIv1 issues] and [https://sourceforge.net/p/aros/bugs/ old defunct bugs notification site] 


: [https://sites.google.com/view/arosone Aros One x86, x64] 
: [https://tinyarosdistro.flazio.com/ Tiny Aros x86 and x64]
: [https://arosnews.github.io/aros-portable/ AROS portable USB3 stick images of hosted Aros One x86 and x64 on debian] 
: [http://vmwaros.blogspot.com Icaros Desktop x86 now on sabbatical, very old edition] 
: [https://sites.google.com/site/arosaspireone AspireOS, of the netbook Aspire One, very old edition] 
: [https://github.com/deadwood2 Deadwood's builds], [https://www.axrt.org/download/aros/v11/ v11 64bit PC builds], [https://axrt.org/downloads-aros Updated i386 32bit PC builds], 
: [https://github.com/ezrec Ezrec x86 m68k mirror of old svn version]


: [http://arosalive.blogspot.co.uk/p/10-basic-aros-how-tos-tutorials.html Basic How To guides] 
: [http://arosgamer.blogspot.co.uk/ AROS Playground], [http://thewetmachine.net/tag/aros/ Jess Wet Machine], [https://aroshacking.wordpress.com/ Jon Robertson's AROS Experiences and FPC Free Pascal], [], 
:[http://www.apollo-accelerators.com/ Apollo Accelerators m68k], [http://www.amigablogs.net/ Amiga Blogs], [http://blog.a-eon.biz/blog/ Trevor Dickinson blog], 


: [https://forum.amiga.org/ Amiga OS AOS 3.x forum] 
: [http://eab.abime.net/ EAB Amiga] 
: [http://www.amigaworld.net/ AmigaWorld] 
: [http://www.ppa.pl/ Polish Amiga Like News] 
: [http://www.apollo-core.com/ Apollo Forum] 
: [https://amigaalive.blogspot.com/ AmigaAlive]
: [https://www.amigalove.com/software Disk Mags]
: [https://amigachristmastree.ultimateamiga.com/ Xmas Amiga Game Jam]
: [https://www.reddit.com/r/amiga/ Amiga]


== Distributions aka Distros ==

For end users there are distributions (ready made with selected apps aiming to be easy to use), mostly created and maintained by one person in their own workflow/style. They reuse the nightly boot compiles to suit their needs and possibly other end users. You are free to create your own if required. 

* For native 64bit Intel/AMD: [https://sites.google.com/view/arosone Aros One x64], [https://tinyarosdistro.flazio.com/ Tiny Aros],
* For native 32bit Intel/AMD which will run on 64bit machines: [https://sites.google.com/view/arosone Aros One x86], [https://www.tinyaros.it/ Tiny Aros], 
* For native 68k [https://sites.google.com/view/arosone Aros One m68k], [http://www.aros-platform.de/ AROS Vision], 

'''Please, keep in mind that the distros listed above use a different ABI (abi v11) , which is NOT binary compatible with the official ABI V1.'''
* For hosted Linux usb drive image [https://arosnews.github.io/aros-portable/ x64 Debian hosted version of Aros One], 
* For hosted ARM there is [https://github.com/jonx/AROS-AArch64/releases alpha for Apple Silicon] and [https://aros.sourceforge.io/nightly1.html RaspberryPi Pi3, Pi4, Pi400, Pi5, 500+ raspi-aarch64-system native 64bit] 


AROS was originally developed on Linux but can run on an Intel-based Linux distro as an app. As time has gone on, it can be run as an app on many more operating systems (Windows, FreeBSD, Linux and limited on MacOS). This may sound strange: an OS running on top of another OS. 
Basically, this is to take advantage of drivers (audio, internet, graphics, etc.) and compiler environments, in the existing OS, with which people may be already familiar. The term we use for what AROS does is &quot;Hosted&quot;. 

AROS Native is the term coined to describe AROS being run without any OS underneath it. It runs alone just like AmigaOS(TM) did. As this version does not benefit from &quot;Hosted&quot; drivers, dedicated ones have to be ported/written. Hence the smaller range of supported hardware / peripherals. We have other pages highlighting this support 


AROS is open source so basically everyone can take part. The source is public on github and there are new commits most days. AROS is automatically compiled daily, result are the nightly builds hosted on Sourceforge. The nightly builds are only used for testing changes, testing software and the starting point for distribution maintainers or even your own distribution. They are very basic, miss some functionality and apps like web browsers and generic general appearance which can be changed. 

* The [https://sourceforge.net/projects/aros/files/nightly2/ Nightly2], [http://aros.sourceforge.net/download.php nightly builds File Release Service] or [http://aros.sourceforge.net/downloads/ Sourceforge Project Web builds] are made automatically every night directly from the Github and in the past, SVN (Subversion) tree and contain the latest code for the AROS operating system. It should be noted that the builds have not been tested in any way and can be horribly broken but usually are not. 

*ABIv1 standard for most nightly builds, it is where the most work is done by developers 
*ABIv11 offspring aka fork of 64bit PC ABIv1 i.e. another PC 64bit build 
*ABIv0 standard for PC 32bit intel / amd PC distributions for historic reasons 


==Media==

AROS media tends to boot in this tier list of media types, first internal HDD SSD, CD DVD drive, and finally usb drive (last two can depend on bios boot order) 

* USB .VHD 

[https://sites.google.com/view/arosone Aros One x86 and x64], with md5 below 

&lt;pre&gt;
0a656d53a9c902e9934000d8392e30ec *ArosOne-USB-1.3-64Bit.zip
7dd7119ab3e56d75ee852c137226b4d7 *ArosOne-USB-v1.2-x86_64-v11.zip
cf906eeaad4a83b3520b1896bdc6b0d3 *ArosOne-USB-v1.1-x86_64-v11.zip

e2eb8fe8cfd61c567b0152a61cf85251 *ArosOne-x86-v2.8-USB-IMG.zip
559909c75c2f56472c74267a7d075355 *ArosOne-x86-v2.7-USB-IMG.zip
93da5898508c1a8c05bb8991ab7bd117 *AROS One Image-USB-2.4.zip
59fcabd7090e47f12d54f7eb78cf0f45 *ArosOne-x86-v2.2-USB-Image.zip
24fb8de726ae8fc5fe5bac6d30f03dc5  ArosOne-x86-v2.0-USB-Image.zip
f3d725e990072edce633b59747911b6b  ArosOne-x86-v1.8-USB-IMG.zip
e089a24ae310e92fcc407a0125602ce8  Aros-One x86-IMG-USB-v1.6.zip
&lt;/pre&gt; 


[https://tinyaros.flazio.com/ Tiny AROS]

22bc993625b7c75b17263c0cc7e7baaa *Tiny Aros_copy.vhd (March 2024) 


There is usually a vhd image inside the zip that can be written to USB sticks which is so much faster than the old ISO written to physical CD DVD method. This .vhd can be written to an USB stick / ssd with these pieces of software below but it will erase the previous contents from the usb 

Windows - [https://www.raspberrypi.com/software/ RPi Raspberry Imager, use custom and see all files], [https://hddguru.com/software/HDD-Raw-Copy-Tool/ HDD-Raw-Copy-Tool], [https://rufus.ie/ Rufus up to version 3.20 may work with VirtualBox HD vhd images with Win7 but not some Rufus 4.x versions], [https://etcher.balena.io/ Balena Etcher but may spy on you], 

Linux   - [https://www.raspberrypi.com/software/ Raspberry Imager Ubuntu], Suse Image / Multi writer, dd, 

Mac     - 


* Virtual Machine .ISO or CDs DVDs 

 The native iso images are currently not compatible with Ventoy, Yumi, MultiBootUSB, Easy2Boot E2B, or similar 

&lt;pre&gt;
617a905b1665128c5e05f94dcc48e7f1 *AROS-One-v1.3-64Bit-v11.zip
11c8a147fcad7ecf52ae3a43e1934b69 *ArosOne-DVD-v1.2-x86_64-v11.zip
f93053d3b9ccf304d7e6ac3389e1987b *ArosOne-DVD-v1.1-x86_64-v11.zip

86d808a40dc7be389a758799a9b4f595 *ArosOne-x86-v2.0-ISO-DVD.zip
f1fc8599ef6a39e5df394e0f41d55526 *AROS-One-x86-ISO-DVD-v1.6.zip
&lt;/pre&gt;


You can use a virtual emulator like VirtualBox, VMWare to mount the iso image which can then be used to boot and/or install to USB. 

No current software can write an AROS ISO to a Pendrive. The author of ‘Rufus’ (who used an Amiga 500 as a child) once tried, but when he saw the system composition, he said he was unable to do it.

The solution is to boot the ISO from a VM (WMware, VBox), then install the AROS build on the Pendrive, which will eventually become a Live Pendrive that can be booted on a PC.

The only precaution is that in some cases it is necessary to thoroughly clean the Pendrive of any partitions and remove any bootloader that is not AROS. The Pendrive must remain raw without any partitions.

You can clean the USB stick on a PC with a program that manages hard disks. You need to do a partition wipe. On some USB sticks, you can clean it with InstallAROS.
For some USB pendrives, please use a reputable partition editor to remove any and all partitions from a usb pendrive as HDToolbox cannot do this task sometimes with a wipe all option. 


Previously the only installation option was CD-RW or DVD-RW, since the whole system can be burnt onto a single disk and can be reused when the next version is released. Good branded discs like Taiyo Yuden (later JVC) or Verbatim should be used to reduce frustration later. The days for this media is gone but kept here for information 

Since nobody currently sells AROS on any other media, you will need access to a CD/DVD burner to create the installation disk yourself. After it is on a CD or DVD, then access and writing to USB pendrives becomes available (this should be viewed as an outdated or last resort alternative method now), as well as using good USB manufacturers like Sandisk, Kingston, etc. rather than some other no-names. 

Try burning it to a CD-RW or DVD-RW using your CD/DVD burning program (most burning software have a burn iso option). The ideal writing speed is 2x or 4x, higher speeds can give errors and problems.  Check the writing integrity of your CD or DVD if your software has an option to do so before going any further. 

Standalone portable usb cd dvd drives do not boot physical burnt discs, please use an internal ide sata drive instead. 


* SD-card
For [https://aros.sourceforge.io/nightly1.html ARM Pi Aros 64bit], copy the files onto a FAT32 formatted micro SD card. 


==Booting==

The LiveUSB, and in the past LiveCD LiveDVD, is designed to trial (test drive) various operating systems without having to install them to your working system. 

Since 2011, UEFI was introduced to replace the original PC BIOS which made booting media more confusing. Some changes in the UEFI/bios may be needed 

*go into the bios using esc, f2 or f? and disable the Security -&gt; Secure Boot and maybe apply option for Legacy IDE mode 
*you may have to press F9, F10 or F12 or p on boot up to present a device boot options like USB or CD/DVD 
*disable the Fast Boot config so it would recognize portable DVD-drive and changed the Boot-sequence

Secure boot was introduced by Microsoft and later consortium, control what operating systems work with Secure Boot via shims. 
For Aros, it is best to disable and save the turn off change to Secure Boot (if you dual boot with Windows this will cause issues with further Window boots) 

 For the best experience, it is advised to install to another SSD than the one Windows resides on. 

The grub part of the boot should be fully automatic, and you should see a multiple choice graphic card screen after 10 seconds for USB or 40 seconds CDs and DVDs. 
If boot does not occur within a minute, please reboot and choose the VGA boot option as it relays a message stream so you can see where the issue lies. 

After the grub graphics choice, AROS takes over the booting and any issues can arise here 

If possible please use a branded usb pen drive as most of the time when we get reports of &quot;crashes right after grub boot selection&quot; it is mostly due to the recorded pendrive as they are made, notoriously on a will it work / will it fail nature, every time it is used. 
&lt;pre&gt;
So one usb drive written may stop at a System halted. Reset the machine. 
Or another pendrive will show give errors Smart Filesystem request - Volume 'Aros Live Drive' (DU0: usbscsi.device unit 0) There was an error while accessing this volume: 
Or if a FAT32 partition present - FAT filesystem - Device USBSCSI0P1 has a read error on block xxxxxxxx - 
&lt;/pre&gt;
Sadly, no drive even branded are resistant or totally reliable, so the only solution is to try another pendrive, and possibly to repeat, until no errors. 
It will give an indication on how reliable the usb drive could be. 


=====Advice for various machines=====

Some of the stages involved and shown on the display in a typical AROS boot start up 

&lt;pre&gt;
[MultiLoader]
[ELF Loader]
[Boot]

[HPET] 
[Kernel:ACPI]
[Kernel:APIC-IA32]
[Kernel:SMP APIC]
[HiddStorage]

ACPI: ????
ACPI Error 
[ACPI]AcpiOs????
[BattClock] Got RTC century offset 0x32 from ACPI 

[PCI] Scanning bus ? 
[AHCI] Sata 
[Vesa]  only if vesa is chosen as graphics option 

[ATA] detect hd &amp; cd drives 
[ATA0?] ata-identity 
[packet] fat.handler be.handler, etc. 
[DOS] 
[Storage:Bus]
[Storage:Controller]

[MSS] USB setup
[ehciInit] Port ? maps to controller ? 

[I2C] 
[ATI]
[drm] nouveau 
[AROSTCP]   if you have network driver prefs set up to start when booting 


&lt;/pre&gt;

; If boot fails, please give us some indication (pictures or videos) where the boot stops and the message(s) on screen. 


AROS's native SATA/AHCI driver doesn't always work. If you get errors related to ahci.device, try disabling it. At your chosen boot entry in the GRUB menu, Press E, scroll down to the ahci.device entry, and add a # or ; at the start of that line or delete it with Ctrl-K. Then press Ctrl-X or F10 to boot. 

If your disk isn't accessible at all with this change, you might need to change the SATA controller to IDE legacy mode in the BIOS: however, making this change will likely cause problems booting Windows on the same machine (if it's already installed). To disable ahci.device permanently, edit the text file &quot;SYS:Arch/pc/grub/grub.cfg&quot;, and remove the ahci.device line from all boot entries you intend to use.

SATA AHCI Timeout while waiting for device to complete operations with BIOS SATA entry set to AHCI mode stops at &quot;waiting for bootable media&quot; screen, changing BIOS SATA setting back to IDE mode may allow it to continue booting 

The ATA driver doesn't always work. If you get errors related to ata.device, try using the alternative in sys:devs/alt which is an older version.  Press E when your chosen boot entry is highlighted in the GRUB menu, scroll down to the ata.device entry, and change it to read &quot;module /Devs/Alt/ata.device&quot;. Then press Ctrl-X to boot. To make this change permanent, edit the text file &quot;SYS:Arch/pc/grub/grub.cfg&quot;, and change the path to ata.device in all boot entries you intend to use.


Further options (removing the &quot; &quot;) to add to the GRUB menus to disable certain other components for debugging:

&lt;pre&gt;
Disable AHCI                        &quot;AHCI=disable&quot;
Disable NVME                        &quot;NVME=disable&quot;

Disable ATA:                        &quot;ATA=disable&quot;
Disable ATA:                        &quot;ATA=nopci,nolegacy&quot;
ATA safe mode:                      &quot;ATA=nodma,32bit&quot;
Disable IDE from SATA:              &quot;ATA=32bit,nosata2pata&quot;
VIA / SIS with cdrom read io errors &quot;ATA=nodma,nopoll&quot; 

noacpi                   all [PCI] devices to be invisible to AROS. disk drives work but network, sound won't 
acpi=strict              if there are issues with sound after boot 

noioapic                 alternative to no acpi 

Set AHCI                            &quot;AHCI=force150/force300/force600&quot;
Disable AHCI/SATA:       comment out with a # ; or remove ahci.device line with Ctrl-K

Disable USB:             comment out # ; or remove pciusb.device and poseidon.library lines with Ctrl-K
Disable native graphics: &quot;nomonitors&quot;
USB3                     &quot;USB=xhci&quot; 
&lt;/pre&gt; 

Other useful grub command line options - nomonitors, noacpi, vesahack, nopoll 

Press Ctrl and X together (or F10) to exit and boot with the new options. Just experiment with different variations until successful. Those working options will need to be reused with every reboot of AROS until you can edit the grub.cfg and make it permanent i.e. install to hard disk or USB. 


* If you use VESA mode, you can see the debug log if you add 'vesahack' to the command  line.  This  will set up split-screen mode. In the upper half you'll see AROS screen, in the bottom - debug log. 
* ACPI ie. PCI hardware - If  you  get  crashes  at  early boot, try adding 'NOACPI' to the command line 


If you're having boot issues and have a null modem cable and a spare pc, a boot log is always useful. Edit your grub line to include debug=serial but would try with an with sysdebug=all in the line later as it can cause issues booting on machines with sysdebug=all enabled (corrupts the cpu initialization). 

However, if you feel you have found a genuine bug/fault in AROS that needs attention, please use the [http://sourceforge.net/tracker/?atid=439463&amp;group_id=43586&amp;func=browse bug submission form] to record as much information about what happened, why, and what hardware etc. you have so that people may try to assist you 


For Virtual machines VMWare VirtualBox, etc., attach and press play to start the ISO image 

If booting hasn't worked then it could be down to Bios/UEFI settings  


=====nvme.device=====

 Since 2018, nvme drives are standard on most machines 

The requirement is that a PC can boot with legacy mode/BIOS at the moment - Now as far as hardware goes on a newer machine with an NVME drive you may need to add NVME=disable as the NVME driver could potentially cause lockups. 

 This is still in testing and its' use should not be on or near precious own data 


=====AHCI=====

 Starting taking over since 2011 on a lot of machines 

* Check that UEFI (replacement for PC BIOS) has options set to remove UEFI SecureBoot option and apply CSM 
* SATA drive is set for Legacy or a mixture AHCI/IDE and not AHCI 


 AHCI sata can be very difficult to get working

Most Windows installs are already set to AHCI sata, changing this to a legacy IDE mode setting can help but please check if Windows will still boot. Some hardware like Lenovo laptops do not always like being set in legacy mode so only use as a last resort and aware of issues that can be caused. 

Now as far as hardware goes on a newer machine with an NVME drive you may need to add NVME=disable as the NVME driver could potentially cause lockups. 

With a 16C/32T chip machine, disable SMT and it should boot. 


=====ata.device for old BIOS's =====

 Pre 2010 this was the de facto standard method of providing settings to the computer at a lower level 

Some adjustments to the BIOS setup options are necessary (usually by pressing a key like DEL, F1, F2, F12 or ESC, p on the very early boot up of the computer). 

*Adjust booting options like moving USB hdd, CDROM higher as it is quite often disabled or placed lower by default, i.e. USB hdd, CD/DVD are placed at the top above the hard drive. Try looking here [http://www.windowsreinstall.com/articles/bios/ Windows] or [http://www.hiren.info/pages/bios-boot-cdrom Bios] or [http://www.wikihow.com/Set-Bios-to-Boot-from-a-CD-ROM Boot] or web search &quot;BIOS BOOT CDROM&quot;

* At the '''SAME''' time, check if the SATA/AHCI option is set to Emulate or IDE Legacy, though this can have '''issues''' with any OS already on the hard disk. If in doubt, do nothing and seek advice. 

* check that under BIOS settings you '''DO NOT''' have plug&amp;play OS selected as Aros at this point is unable to route interrupts on its own and needs the BIOS to do that. 

'''Save''' options changed at the end. 

PCITool can show if the motherboard chipset is in IDE mode. 
Class = 0x01 means STORAGE, Subclass = 0x01 means IDE. Also ProductID 0x3a20 resolves to non-AHCI mode in Intel ICH10 documentation.


==Installing==

We have a separate section [https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Aros/Platforms/x86_installing here]

We have a specific section for each CPU platform under the Specific platforms in the NavBar navigation bar on the right hand side menu 

error code (-6) when using the ahci.device (has writing to disk problem but not reading) is enabled. change this line in your grub and reboot 

&lt;pre&gt;
#module /Devs/ahci.device      &lt;&lt; disable
module /Devs/Alt/ata.device    &lt;&lt; add this line instead
&lt;/pre&gt;


==File structure overview==

AROS' directory structure is mostly identical to AmigaOS directory structure, with some additions.

AROS: or SYS: also known as DH0: (i.e. the drive partition with AROS system) has the following simplified list of the main drawers (Amigas term for directories/folders). 


{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|boot:
| grub bootloader 
|----
|C:
| small apps, where AROS looks first for applications/games but will look at Tools, System afterwards
|----
|Classes:
| .class as well as datatypes 
|----
|Devs:
| .device .resource and in their own drawers (folders) .audio, .hidd, network, graphics 
|----
|L:
| where .handler files go 
|----
|Libs:
| where .library files go 
|----
|Locale:
| where help guide txt readme files go 
|----
|Prefs:
| applications that adjust or setup AROS functions and capabilities 
|----
|S:
| startup scripts (for the aros boot process '''not''' grub) are stored here
|----
|Storage:
| place to keep old or alternative device drivers
|----
|System:
| applications associated with AROS operating system
|----
|Tools:
| extra applications
|----
|Utilities:
| extra applications
|----
|WBStartup:
| copy applications here to autostart with needed icons, drawers, data etc
|----
|}

See [[Aros/User/DOS#Drives.2C_Files.2C_Assigns.2C_Directories|DOS manual: Drives, Files, Assigns, Directories]]


=== Filesystem ===

Whilst the kernel is the heart, the filesystem is the blood of the system they are split into two categories (only a few are supported) 
&lt;pre&gt;
Journalling     - SFS PFS3 but also NTFS ZFS XFS ext4 
Non-journaling  - FFS FAT32(VFAT) but also exFAT BtrFS ext2  
&lt;/pre&gt;

Filesystem options for AROS to install 
* SFS default 
* Professional File System PFS3 on most architectures 
* FFS very old now but left in for legacy usage 0x444f5301 

Other [https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=driver/filesystem filesystems] for storage purposes 
* FAT32 favorite as most OSs support 
* NTFS (can lock AROS) 
* exFAT there is a [https://www.jkn.me/blog/bringing-exfat-to-aros/ standalone version] as well as the fuse based one 

The only filesystems that really NEED defragging (i.e. disk tidy up) are from Microsoft(TM) - exFAT/VFAT/NTFS
*SFS tries to do exactly the same thing, but in certain cases it doesn't do as well as PFS. But you can defrag SFS 
*PFS *minimises* the amount of fragmentation, but does not automatically defrags as it saves files to the drive 

The setup of the below filesystems is usually done by the distro maintainer but if not....
&lt;pre&gt;
Copy L/exfat-handler L:

DOSDriver or Mountlist entry for an exFAT partition make sure that the FileSystem and Handler are set as follows:

FileSystem     = exfat-handler
DosType        = 0x46415458
&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;pre&gt;
Copy L/ntfs3g-handler L:

DOSDriver or Mountlist entry for an NTFS partition make sure that the FileSystem and Handler are set as follows:

FileSystem     = ntfs3g-handler
DosType        = 0x4e544653

Also to make a read-only mount you can set:

Control        = ro
&lt;/pre&gt;


The Smart File System (SFS) is a journaling filesystem used on Amiga computers and AmigaOS-derived operating systems. It is designed for performance, scalability and integrity, offering improvements over standard Amiga filesystems as well as some special or unique features.  

SFS is written in C and was originally created and released as freeware in 1998 by John Hendrikx. After the original author left the Amiga scene in 2000, the source code to SFS was released and its development continued by Ralph Schmidt in MorphOS. 

Its development has now forked; as well as the original Amiga version, there are now versions for MorphOS, AROS, AmigaOS 3, and a version for AmigaOS 4, which have different feature sets but remain compatible to each other.  Versions for AROS, AmigaOS and MorphOS are based on different branches.  

In addition, there is a driver for Linux to read Amiga SFS volumes, GRUB natively supports it and there are free drivers to use it from UEFI.  The Linux version is [http://home.elka.pw.edu.pl/~mszyprow/programy/asfs/ independent code].  

SFS (Smart File System) partially defragments itself while the filesystem is in use. The defragmentation process is almost completely stateless 

AROS SFS version has a 120GB partition size limit on hard disks and DVDs current 4gig size limit. 
The sources for the MorphOS 64-bit version of SFS were available but no porting to AROS has happened so far due to endian issues, etc. 

SFS Tools 
* GUI - arSFSDoctor, 
* CLI - sfscheck , [http://www.portacall.org/ sfsundelete], sfsformat, setcache hits a usability ceiling around the 10GB / 100,000 file mark, 

 sfscheck dh0: seek purge fraglist defragment

If there are two simultaneous file writes in progress and you reboot machine (or it locks up or crashes) you may end up with a corrupted filesystem. Although arSFSDoctor may help, you might have to copy the files to another partition, format the partition with the errors on and copy the files back. 


 FileSystem     = pfs3-handler
 DosType        = 0x50465303 

 Max Transfers  = 0x1fe00 

PFS handler v19.1 is way more advanced and much much faster than the FFS. FFS is supported for legacy reasons only. 
The Professional File System (PFS) is a filesystem originally developed commercially for the Amiga and now distributed on Aminet with a 4-clause BSD license. It is a compatible successor of AmiFileSafe (AFS), with an emphasis on added reliability and speed compared to standard 1980s Amiga filesystems.  It also features multi-user abilities like the older MuFS. 

PFS has so many advantages including the important things, speed, the ability to recover all deleted files even simply same name by typing the command &quot;. Deldir&quot; convenient if done in Directory Opus, virtually deleted files are copied normally as if they had never been deleted, other convenience is to not ever invalidate the filesystem, just put it on top of the startup-sequence command &quot;diskvalid&quot;, which automatically corrects any irregularities in the system startup; PFS also provides a device for floppy which makes them very fast and takes advantage of the full capacity of the floppy including the area dedicated to the bootloader.

The device is split into two main areas. At the beginning of the device is the metadata section, which consists of a root block, and a generic array of blocks that can be allocated to store metadata. The rest of the device is another contiguous generic array of blocks that can be allocated to store data. The metadata section usually uses a few percent of the device, depending on the size of the device.

The metadata is stored as a tree of single blocks in the metadata section. The entire directory structure is recorded in the metadata, so the data section purely contains data from files. The metadata describes the location of data in files with extents of blocks, which makes the metadata quite compact.   

When a metadata update occurs, the system looks at the block containing the metadata to be changed, and copies it to a newly allocated block from the metadata section, with the change made, then it recursively changes the metadata in the block that points to that block in the same way. This way, eventually the root block needs to be changed, which causes the atomic metadata update.   

The filesystem is reasonably good at keeping files unfragmented, although there is a defragmentation tool available which will work on an online filesystem ie whilst being used. 

It was the first filesystem to introduce the concept of the Recycle Bin natively at filesystem-level to the Amiga, holding the last few deleted files in a hidden directory on the disk root.  

PFS version 5.3 was developed in C and a small portion of assembly code by Michiel Pelt.  There are endian issues to be overcome and adapting the small amount of m68k to C before use on intel based machines, etc. [https://github.com/tonioni/pfsdoctor PFSdoctor which maybe in the rom already] might be used to check the filesystem. 


Autoupdate of files in a directory is already implemented in Wanderer, but not all file systems handle dos.library/StartNotify() in its full extent. It seems to work correctly in Ram Disk (thanks to AmberRAM handler), and it also works on SFS formatted devices. Other file systems might not yet have it implemented correctly though. 

The PC equivalent of the Amiga's RDB is the master boot record (MBR).


===Installing Applications===

The typical means to install applications under AROS/AmigaOS involves simply copying/extracting the archive (.zip .lha .rar .tar.gz) file containing the applications files to your own desired location i.e. drawer/folder. Once extracted, launching it by double clicking on an icon (recommended) or using the shell (alternative). Generally, this is on a separate partition from your AROS system files, however in reality it can be any location - including RAM: if you don't want it staying around too long especially when you switch off. 

At some time in the future it may be desirable for AROS to have a package-manager like subsystem able to retrieve information online about packages available for AROS and whether they update anything you currently have installed, however at the moment no such ability exists.


===User Data files===

AmigaOS has no notion of a default location to store user data files, and presently neither does AROS - though it may be desirable at some time to provide a common start location.

Some people, have extra small FAT32 partition(s) using HDToolbox, and not Qparted, to store data especially if a reinstall is ever needed. And then setup the usual Sys: (DH0:) and maybe Work: (DH1:) / Live USB (DU0:) and maybe Briefcase (DU1:) partitions. 


===User Environment configuration files===

AmigaOS/AROS stores persistent system configuration data in directory assigned to ENVARC:.  This, by default, points to SYS:Prefs/EnvArc.

During boot a copy is made to another assign, ENV:, which is for runtime usage.  Changes to the files here will not survive a reboot.

Setting the env variables is generally done by applications themselves, or when necessary by the user using the SetEnv command. SetEnv has a SAVE switch to force the persistent copy in ENVARC: to be written also for when you are sure the change should be permanent.

Under the standard installation of AmigaOS style OSs, ENVARC: is copied to ENV: upon startup, which, if you have a hard drive installation, is in RAM:, hence, ENV: ends up being RAM:Env.

ENVARC: is the Environment Archive, which is the permanent copy of ENV:, which is the Environment.  It's roughly like the Registry in Windoze. 

Most programs do (and all should) store their settings in ENVARC: somewhere, and load them from ENV:.  The effect of this can be seen in the Preference editors.  If you Save your preferences, they go in ENVARC: and ENV:.  If you click Use, they only go in ENV:.  If you reboot, normally, anything saved to ENV: is lost, and is replaced with a copy of what is in ENVARC:.

you can set the default public screen for any tool started from a cli with the PUBSCREEN variable. So open the pubscreen, set PUBSCREEN to the name and start newcli for example, then the new cli window (and all following windows opened from that window) will appear on that public screen.


===Drivers===

For certain hardware, e.g audio, networking and , there is no auto setup. Just like the original Amiga OS. 
For audio, use AHI in the Prefs folder to set Music and at least Unit 0 with the appropriate driver and press Save. For ethernet and wifi, please use SYS:Prefs/Network 

All hardware support is placed in the Devs drawer (folder/directory). The network drivers &lt;something.device&gt; go in the Networks sub-drawer. Audio drivers &lt;something.audio&gt; are put in the AHI sub-drawer. Graphics drivers &lt;something.hidd&gt; are put in the Drivers sub-drawer. 


==Configuring==

AROS has mainly decided on a MUI-like requester&amp;menu clone called Zune so changing the background, icons, font, menus can be done with SYS:Prefs/Zune 

AROS has several desktop GUI front ends like 
* DOpus5 Magellan II, Wanderer and Scalos (medium) 
* AROS Workbench, Workbook (smaller) 

File / Directory managers like Dopus4, MCAmiga, 

App Launch Shortcuts like FKey, BoingIconBar, right mouse click on magellan, wanderer desktop, Amistart, etc. 

General usability decisions - Prefs/IControl, Prefs/Locale, Prefs/Input, Prefs/Fonts, 


Select an icon with left mouse button and then right click the mouse button and selecting Icon -&gt; Information gains access to the tooltypes tab where information can be edited 

CLI in icon's tooltypes means 'run it as if it was run from shell'
If, on the other hand, the WB parameter (or no parameter) is present in Tooltypes, Wanderer will execute the binary and, if provided, the options included in Tooltypes. 

WBxCLI is very useful for adding options to DOS Commands.

Important: AROS has a different way of managing icons. If you have an executable file, you will never be able to add a project icon. AROS will automatically recognise that it is an executable file and will transform the icon into a tool icon.


Icons are typically now .png pictures renamed as .info e.g. so Office application name would have a Office.png renamed as Office.info or MyApp.png as MyApp.info, etc.  

Leave Out menu option to leave app icon on desktop 

To select multiple icons and save their positions, click on the first icon and after while you hold the Shift key down select further icons and don't release it before SnapShot is finished.  You can also select a whole group of icons by pressing the LMB at the top left of the icons and while keeping the LMB down moving the power towards the bottom right. A expanding bounding box will appear and all the icons within it will be selected.  

Clean Up menu option (right mouse button -&gt; Icons) rearranges icons in a drawer or disk window into a neater condition. To use, open the window to rearrange and select Clean Up. To keep the icons in the new positions, select all the icons (shift key or mouse selection) and select 'Snapshot' and then Window and then again with All.  

In DOpus5, Scalos, wanderer, most files have an icon file associated with it. To change the default tool, select Icon menu, Information, and change the default tool string. For example, you could use Multiview, Editor and so on for most text, graphics and some sound files as long as the appropriate Datatype classes are installed. For scripts, set the tool to C:IconX 


We have new Icon edit tools in progress but if you need to...
 C:Join Image1.png Image2.png TO MyFile.info
is enough to make a dual state icon from two png images. You can then use Wanderer's menu Icon/Information on it to edit its fields and tooltypes.

[https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=graphics/icon AISS toolbar images] unpack unarc them into RAM: and copy Images directory to SYS:Prefs/Presets/  AISS icons are looked for in PROGDIR:, PROGDIR:Images, SYS:Prefs/Presets/Images and then in TBImages: according to Open Amiga guidelines.  

there is Demos/iconscale which could be launched from S:User-Startup with two arguments, telling it the horizontal and vertical size. IE something like 
 Demos/iconscale 40 40
It will shrink icons... not sure if it will be very nice though. it doesn't work for the icons on the main desktop. 

there is an option to scale an icon to a bounding box afair, try iconsize followed by two numbers, like:
 iconsize 32 32

Is there any way in AROS to change an icon type from Project to Tool or vice versa?
Either the SIT option of [ ProcessIcon], or the TYPE option of HandleInfo (not sure if this one works at all, please test with care).
 processicon sys:pathoftheicon SIT=Project 

SIT Set type of ICON. Allowed types are: &quot;Disk&quot;, &quot;Drawer&quot;, &quot;Tool&quot;,  &quot;Project&quot;, &quot;Garbage&quot;, &quot;Device&quot;, &quot;Kick&quot; and &quot;AppIcon&quot;.

Btw, are your icons, the #?.info files, writable, is the W flag set ?


'''Decoration''' is Aros' way to provides a way to hide the old Workbench 3.1 style of windows and screens. In Prefs/Appearance some decorative theming elements need work 

Themes - SYS:Prefs -&gt; Appearance 
The default content of Prefs/Env-Archive/SYS/themes.var should be &quot;themes:ice&quot; but can be changed via the Appearance prefs, please do NOT click the Use button. Its useless. As you know, it will ask for the theme volume. Just pick the theme you want, click on Save, then reboot. 

* Decoration is on. Any time trying to change theme, you get: &quot;Please insert volume Theme: in any drive&quot;? 
You could check if you find SYS:System/Themes or if it is missing. Then you could open startup-sequence which you can find in drawer &quot;S&quot;. There should be a line: 
 Assign THEMES: SYS:SYSTEM/THEMES &gt;Nil: 
This does the trick. 
Open a shell and run: 
 Assign THEMES: SYS:SYSTEM/THEMES 
Than start the Theme prefs again... this should work 

* The theme is the only thing that could slow the system a bit, but it's not that performance impacting on most uses, and you can switch it off completely. Remove C:Decoration from the bottom of the file sys:s/startup-sequence. 

In each theme directory is 
*Env-Archive -&gt; Zune -&gt; global.prefs
*images -&gt; Gadgets -&gt; 20x20 pngs for Down etc 
*menu -AmigaKey - Background - Checkmark - SubMenu and config
*system - Arrowdown, Arrowleft, Arrowright, Arrowup, etc 


There is an [https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=graphics/theme ALua/Zulu script] built for faster Wanderer skin management. You can modify config files, install new (wdz format/zipped skin files) and delete skins via the Theme Manager. This has not been updated in a long time and may not work. 


Certain features are added if from Tools/Commodities like Blanker screensaver, ClickToFront and DepthMenu with .info icons are selected and dragged to /WBStartup folder 

Most apps can be autostarted by copying into SYS:WBStartup directory folder 
e.g. WeatherBar.zip can be downloaded, unzip and the contents of the zip copied to wbstartup folder 
 ClicktoFront and .info to SYS:WBStartup so always be activated when turning on the computer 

or add a text line to user-startup is SYS:S (scripts version of wbstartup) 

e.g. standard Amiga / AROS does not allow clicking of background windows to come to the front to make it easy to get to the window you need but it has the ability if these apps are copied again to WBStartUp or are added to SYS:S/user-startup script 

 run QUIET sys:Tools/Commodities/ClickToFront &gt;Nil: 
 run QUIET sys:Tools/Commodities/DepthMenu &gt;Nil: 
 run QUIET sys:Tools/Commodities/Blanker seconds=300 &gt;Nil: 


Exchange controls Commodities and can be opened with alt, ctrl, h 

*AltKeyQ uses left Alt key to add strange letters 
*AutoPoint 
*Blanker screensaver 
*ClickToFront allows windows to be easily brought to the front 
*DepthMenu adds menu to select window easily 
*NoCapsKey
*Opaque 
*FKey - Although there are heaps of docks, menus and other launcher programs on the Amiga like OSs, FKey has got to be one of the quickest once learnt ways to launch programs, and it comes with the OS. In SYS:Tools/Commodities, the FKey commodity (Ctrl Alt F) allows you to make actions assigned to some combinations of keys 

&lt;pre&gt;
ALT TAB       Cycle Windows
              Cycle Screens
              Enlarge Window
              Shrink Window
              Toggle Window Size
              Insert Text
              Run Program
              Run Arexx Script
&lt;/pre&gt;

e.g.
&lt;pre&gt;
LAmiga F1               = Avail Flush
LAmiga F2               = Open Prefs
LAmiga F3               = Finder
Alt Tab                 = Cycle Windows
LAmiga Tab or M         = Cycle Screens
Alt Up arrow            = Enlarge Window 
Alt Down arrow          = Shrink Window
Alt Home                = Toggle Window Size 
                        = Insert Text             
LAmiga e                = Run Program             
                        = Run Arexx Script        
&lt;/pre&gt;

If your FKey GUI pops up when you start your Workbench up and you don't want it to, click once on the icon, go to the Icons-Information in the menu and make sure it has the tooltype set &quot;CX_POPUP=NO&quot;. 

Now let's launch it and assign the locale switching. After you double-click on FKey icon, launch the Exchange, choose the FKey from list and click the Show button. This will invoke the FKey window. You can see the ALT TAB in list assigned to window switching. Now enter the first key combination, say, ALT Z and go to the right panel. Choose Launch the program from pulldown menu and enter SYS:Prefs/Input as an argument. Append the USE switch and english preset name to the string as shown:

SYS:Prefs/Input USE SYS:Prefs/Presets/english

Click on the New Button to add the another combination. Now set the combination for your locale as shown above, replacing English name with your preset name. Click New button again and then Save Settings. Now you can use defined combinations to switch the layouts.


There is a system wide ARexx script capability (based on regina) that can manage many file manipulation task(s) but this would work only with those program that support [https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Aros/Developer/Docs/Rexx ARexx] like 

*Desktop - DOpus5, Scalos 
*Dock - FKey, 
*Files - Multiview, DOpus4, 
*Internet Apps - Odyssey, WookieChat, 
*General Apps - 


the shell can be modified with escape strings but not needed in most cases 


 Common Keyboard Shortcuts

&lt;pre&gt;
RAlt Right Alt Key 
LAlt Left Alt Key 
RWinKey Right Windows Key 
LWinKey Left Windows Key 
RAmiga Right Amiga Key (if one)
LAmiga Left Amiga Key (if one)
&lt;/pre&gt;

;Bootup Options 
:Spacebar during boot, enters the bootmenu which allows a boot without startup sequence, etc  

;Left Click 
:LAmiga = LWinKey = F11 

;Right Click 
:RAmiga = Help = F12 

;Mark 
:RAmiga and B 

;Cut 
:RAmiga and X 

;Copy 
:RAmiga and C 

;Paste 
:RAmiga and V 

;Search 
:RAmiga and S 

;Mouse Movement 
LAmiga and together with arrow keys - shift as well at the same time as well to move faster 

;Mouse Selection 
LAmiga and LAlt to select 

;Screen Switching 
LAmiga and M or N 

;HELP key 
Can sometimes be mapped to F11 but can be changed via FKey 


ComKeyRemapper or AmigaKeyremapper could swap RAmiga to another key press 


===DOpus 5 Directory Opus Magellan II===

Dopus 5.x is a whole desktop replacement on the Amiga Workbench (Desktop). Please describe any replicable errors [https://github.com/BlitterStudio/dopus5/issues here] 

DirectoryOpus app '''will''' assign DOpus5: to it's PROGDIR: automatically but if not add the below (edit SYS:System to suit where Dopus5 was installed) to your startup-sequence 

&lt;pre&gt;
Assign DOpus5: SYS:System/DOpus5 
DOpus5:DirectoryOpus 
;DOpus5:C/LoadDB
&lt;/pre&gt;

Left mouse button clicked twice on the desktop background brings up the Device List window. 
Green strip notifies SRCE (source) and if another is open it will be red for DEST (destination). clicking on the red strip changes to green 

Word list of actions with a left mouse click on the DOWN Arrow and directory stuff with &lt; button which mirrors the icons at the top of each lister 

single-key hotkeys? exactly the same as in dopus4, edit your functions (button bank, toolbar, menus etc.) and under the flags gadget is a key gadget, just click in it and press the key you want to use.

As for the extra text field... try turning off Extended lister key selection in environment / miscellaneous.

Shift and click on the icon - runs the icon 


DOpus5 Magellan 2 Directory folder drawer structure 
&lt;pre&gt;
ARexx       - Arexx scripts .rexx and .dopus5 to perform tasks 
Buttons     - 
Commands    - 
Desktop     - 
Environment - two environment files bundled:
 default gets loaded if you run DOpus as a normal app
 workbench gets loaded if you run DOpus as a WB Replacement (with LoadDB on startup)
Filetypes   - 
Groups      - 
Icons       - 
Images      - 
Modules     - compiled tasks 
Settings    - 
Sounds      - 
Themes      - 
WBStartup   - Use this if standard SYS:WBStartup gives cannot wait error messages 
&lt;/pre&gt;


Settings -&gt; Environment -&gt; Display -&gt; Workbench (Use) 


*Settings -&gt; Clock (add to title bar as well as the date) 

*Toolbar  -&gt; Editor (Right Win Key together with 1) for Copy, Move, Delete, etc above the Device List 
*Menu     -&gt;  (Right Win Key together with 2) 
*Buttons  -&gt; Editor (Right Win Key together with 3) 

*Settings         -&gt; Environment (Right Win key together with 4) for Backgrounds, etc 
*File Types       -&gt;  (Right Win key together with 5)
*User Menus       -&gt;  (Right Win key together with 6)
*Hotkeys          -&gt; Setup for quick shortcut keypresses (Right Win Key together with 7) 
*Scripts          -&gt;  (Right Win key together with 8)
*Icon Positioning -&gt;   (Right Win key together with 9)


Each Dopus5 theme are stored in a separate directory, named appropriately, which contains further sub directories 

* Font (amiga bitmap fonts)
* Screens (jpg or any picture supported by datatypes but not animations) 
* Sounds (wav but not iff 8svx ) 
* Icons (png newicons glowicons ) 
* Patterns (iff jpg png ) 


Just use wildcards in background filenames and you get a different picture every reboot 

For example, configure in Environment -&gt; Backgrounds -&gt; Desktop something like this:
&lt;pre&gt;
Work:Pictures/Backgrounds/#?
...or 
Work:Pictures/back#?.iff
...etc...
&lt;/pre&gt;


[https://aminet.net/util/dopus arcdir and themes]  


If you want to change the backdrop pic after a period of time, paste below into a text file called dopusrandbg.rexx and place in DOPus5:ARexx 

&lt;pre&gt;
/* Changes DOpus background image forever

   Start with:
   Run &gt;NIL: RX dopusrandbg.rexx 
*/

if ~show(&quot;L&quot;, &quot;rexxsupport.library&quot;) then do
	if ~addlib(&quot;rexxsupport.library&quot;, 0, -30,0) then exit 10
end

/* Configure these two lines for your needs: */
minutes=1
picpath=&quot;Work:Pics/#?.iff&quot;

address DOPUS.1

do forever
	call delay 3000*minutes
	dopus set background '&quot;'picpath'&quot;' desktop center custom
	dopus refresh background custom
end
&lt;/pre&gt;


If you don't want to use/open rexxsupport.library just for DELAY() then use the DOS Wait command

&lt;pre&gt;
/* random diropus backdrop changer */
/* by paul trauth, 1999 */
/* to do: non-repeatable randomness? */

options results

parse arg path

address DOPUS.1

/* get current backdrop pattern so it actually changes */

dopus query background desktop custom
currentpatt=result
lastslash=lastpos('/',currentpatt)
currentpatt=substr(currentpatt,lastslash+1,(pos('&quot;',currentpatt,2)-lastslash-1))

dir=showdir(path,'FILE','/')
num=0
do while dir~=''
    where=pos('/',dir)
    if where&gt;0 then do
        file=left(dir,where-1)
        dir=right(dir,length(dir)-where)
    end
    else do
        file=dir
        dir=''
    end

    if left(file,1) ~='.' &amp; file~=currentpatt then
        do
            pics.num=file
            num=num+1
        end
end

which=random(0,num-1,time(s))
newbg='&quot;'||path||'/'||pics.which||'&quot;'

dopus set background newbg desktop tile precision exact
dopus set background on
dopus refresh background
&lt;/pre&gt;


Clock format commands available are defined by locale. They are:
&lt;pre&gt;
 %a - abbreviated weekday name
 %A - weekday name
 %b - abbreviated month name
 %B - month name
 %c - same as &quot;%a %b %d %H:%M:%S %Y&quot;
 %d - day number with leading 0s
 %D - same as &quot;%m/%d/%y&quot;
 %e - day number with leading spaces
 %h - abbreviated month name
 %H - hour using 24-hour style with leading 0s
 %I - hour using 12-hour style with leading 0s
 %j - julian date
 %m - month number with leading 0s
 %M - the number of minutes with leading 0s
 %p - AM or PM strings
 %q - hour using 24-hour style
 %Q - hour using 12-hour style
 %r - same as &quot;%I:%M:%S %p&quot;
 %R - same as &quot;%H:%M&quot;
 %S - number of seconds with leadings 0s
 %T - same as &quot;%H:%M:%S&quot;
 %U - week number, taking Sunday as first day of week
 %w - weekday number
 %W - week number, taking Monday as first day of week
 %x - same as &quot;%m/%d/%y&quot;
 %X - same as &quot;%H:%M:%S&quot;
 %y - year using two digits with leading 0s
 %Y - year using four digits with leading 0s
&lt;/pre&gt;
like %a %d-%b-%y %H:%M or 


A WB ARexx interface, you could enter a cli command as a menu item to open a WB drawer like this...
 RX &quot;address WORKBENCH;WINDOW 'device:drawer' OPEN&quot;
Where device:drawer is replaced by the path of the drawer to open. 

The ARexx script would be capable to manage such a task but this would work only with those program that support ARexx 

&lt;pre&gt;
dopus addappicon
dopus addtrap
dopus back
dopus checkdesktop
dopus clear
dopus command
dopus desktoppopup
dopus error
dopus front
dopus getdesktop
dopus getfiletype
dopus getstring
dopus matchdesktop
dopus progress
dopus query background, font, palette, pens
dopus read
dopus refresh all, background, icons, lister
dopus remappicon
dopus remtrap
dopus request
dopus script
dopus screen
dopus send
dopus set background, font, palette, pens
dopus setappicon
dopus version
&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;pre&gt;
lister add
lister addstem
lister copy
lister clear value
lister clearcaches
lister close
lister empty
lister findcache
lister getstring
lister iconify
lister new
lister query active all, dest source
lister query abort, busy, case, dirs, display, entries, entry, files, flags, handler, header, hide 
lister query label, lock, mode, namelength, numdirs, numentries, numfiles, numseldirs, numselfiles
lister query path, proc, position, seldirs, selentries, selfiles, separate, show, sort, 
lister query title, toolbar, value, visible, window
lister read
lister refresh
lister reload
lister remove
lister request
lister set busy, case, dest, display, field, flags, handler, header, hide, label, lock, mode
lister set namelength, newprogress, off, path, position, progress, separate, show, sort, source
lister set title, toolbar, value, variable
lister select
lister wait
&lt;/pre&gt;

The '''command''' allows you to call internal DOpus commands from an ARexx script

&lt;pre&gt;
command all
command wait copy
command read s:startup-sequence
command source 12345 makedir name noicon
&lt;/pre&gt;


*SFTP secure encrypted comms over internet using libssh2 and zlib (different protocol to the two below) on port 22 
*FTPS secured with https like security on port 21 
*FTP not secure and unencrypted protocol over internet on port 21 (should not be used today on the internet but for your own server) 


===Wanderer ===


Wanderer prefs in the prefs drawer - Appearance tab and Workbench icon allows backgrounds (wallpapers) icon text sizes, colors, etc but cannot use #? or *.* in the backgrounds file entry to randomly choose pictures - [https://developers.google.com/speed/webp/docs/riff_container webp riff container] issues with this format but Multiview has none. 

Enable the bar, you need to edit the text file ‘statusbar.prefs’. The change is simple: just change “False” to ‘True’.

Prefs/Env-Archive/SYS/Wanderer/statusbar.prefs 


===Scalos===

[https://web.archive.org/web/20180922220139/http://scalos.noname.fr/ Scalos] is not an OS replacement, it's a Workbench replacement. It replaces the desktop and graphical file management components. 

Scalos is 100% Workbench replacement with most functions working like the original Workbench ones. Undo and Redo available for most window and icon operations. Fully multitasking so every window has its own task. While loading icons, any window function (e.g. Drag&amp;Drop) is available. 

24bit color support with window patterns - Unlimited and easily configurable via tooltypes. Optimised backgroundpatterns routine so patterns can be tiled, centred or even scaled to fit into the windows. Live updating window scrolling - Supports middle mouse button panning and drawer (folder) windows can be iconified on the desktop. 

Icon imagetypes with all types are supported such as backfill or complement. Configurable surrounding iconborder. Icon support also visually highlights files which are soft-links in the file system. Icon dragging is more stable and far less flickery on graphics cards. Whilst dragging, icons are displayed with text and they can become transparent over anything where they can be dropped. 

Single-window lasso mode, with scrolling window contents invoked by dragging mouse with configurable qualifier key. Text icon lasso selection used to ignore &quot;Name column selects text icons&quot; flag. Support for backfilled thumbnail icons, with selectable color and transparency. Added option to always generate square thumbnail icons with preview icons for images - Thumbnails can be permanently saved in icons. 

Supports PNG icons with alpha channel and real transparency and displays OS3.5 GlowIcons and are all scalable. Iconborders with variations (normal, shadowed, outlined). 

Completely configurable, filetype-specific user-definable popup menus and tooltips. Plugin system to exchange or add features and can enhance the Workbench and make it more configurable. 

Filetype plugins to display filetype-specific information. - Currently, EXIF information viewer for JPEG images is included. Plugin included for 100% support of OS3.9 Workbench features. Plugin included for AREXX API compatible to OS3.9 Workbench. 

Online update with updater.module


Scalos works also as a Workbench replacement. In this case the 'emulation mode' has to be set by using Scalos' own version of LoadWB and offers 
* Scalos uses the Workbench Screen for its windows instead opening a new one 
* AppIcon, AppMenuItem, AppWindow functions are redirected to Scalos
* all Programs placed in &quot;WBStartup&quot; should start 
* The Screen will be reopened in case of changes in ScreenMode and Palette settings


&lt;pre&gt;
v1.0 (V39.201) - November 1999
v1.1 (V39.212) - December 1999
v1.2b (39.220) - June 6, 2000
v1.2d (39.222) - 2000 (latest public beta executable)
v1.3 (40.7) (beta) - August 2, 2001
v1.3 (40.22) - September 25, 2002
v1.4 (40.32) (beta) March 31, 2005
v1.6 (41.4) - March 27, 2007
v1.7 (41.5) - August 12, 2007
v1.8 (41.6) - March 12, 2009
v1.9 (41.7) (beta) - March 15, 2010
v1.9 (41.8) (RC1) - August 25, 2012 open source 
v1.9.2 (41.10) Deadwoods' AROS late 2022 32bit and 64bit build unifying the code base of ` for AROS x86 ABIv0, AROS x86_64 ABIv11 and AROS m68k  
&lt;/pre&gt;


Distros may have Scalos files under SYS:System/Scalos or Extras:Scalos. Known [https://github.com/deadwood2/AROS/issues/75 bug list], 


 Certain files like Menu13.prefs, Palette13.prefs, Pattern.prefs and scalos.prefs need to be in SYS:Prefs/Env-Archive/Scalos they can be found in Scalos:Storage/envarc and country drawer 

or run the &quot;Scalos Menu&quot; preferences program. Note if already setup with sub-menu entries and then re-save your menu prefs as it will now generate a new/overwrite prefs file called &quot;Menu13.prefs&quot; in &quot;envarc:scalos/&quot;. The same is also required for the new Palette prefs update, click 'Save' and a &quot;Palette13.prefs&quot; file will be saved in to &quot;envarc:scalos/&quot; directory. 


&lt;pre&gt;
ASSIGN Scalos:             SYS:xxx/xxx DEFER   
ASSIGN Libs:               Scalos:Libs add    
;ASSIGN SYS:Devs/Datatypes  Scalos:Devs/Datatypes   add  
Assign Theme:              Scalos:Themes/Default_Theme add 
Assign Locale:             Scalos:Locale add 

Protect Scalos:Tools/browse.script s add quiet 
Protect Scalos:Tools/OpenShell s add quiet 
Protect Scalos:Tools/run.script s add quiet 

run Scalos:Tools/LoadWB 
;Scalos:Scalos
&lt;/pre&gt;

Add the above to SYS:S/startup-sequence or SYS:S/user-startup '''before any Wanderer entries''' 


In the prefs drawer (folder) is the big prefs app Scalos_Prefs which covers these user setup areas 
&lt;pre&gt;
About Scalos
Paths               - should be preset 
Startup             - WBStartup drawer contents should auto run on each startup 
Desktop             - edit titlebar, icon layout and in misc, auto leave-out (drag icon to desktop) 
Icons               - 
Drag and Drop       - 
Windows             -
Text Windows        -   in misc, drawer sorting at start of listing if needed 
TrueType Fonts      - use Truetype fonts rather than system ones 
Miscellaneous       - 

Plugins             - after adding oop/title_clock.plugin %ti %da does not work, maybe needs ASCII .prefs added 
Modules             - ??
Menu                - setup for MainMenu and PopupsMenu with New Menu, RE Name, Key: shortcut, Command Properties 
FileTypes           - already added def_Project icons and def_Disk (hdd sdd cd dvd etc) support 
PopupMenu           - tweak how popups appear 
Pattern             - Wallpaper backgrounds with Type DE, each pattern in the list can be edited, Save as Pattern.pre 
Palette             - change the color of things , Save as Palette.pre 
&lt;/pre&gt;


Scalos_Prefs - Pattern - Minimum options to be changed are 
*DE Desktop/Background 
*SC Screen 
*TW Window/TextBackground ie Text listing showing if icon type not recognised 
*IW Window/Background ie Icons showing 

 Workflow - In &quot;Pattern List&quot; tab, select New - choose a picture, highlight in list, click in number box under New button and slide to another number, click on &quot;Defaults&quot; tab and adjust Pattern numbers slider to choose right picture for each of the above options - Click &quot;Pattern List&quot; tab to check eveything is OK and click Save 

Pattern List tab on Patterns Page - Allows you to compile a list of pictures (one at a time rather than a whole folder e.g. with #? or *.*), assigning a number Nr to one or more of them for easy reference. Using this number you will be able to assign the pictures to specific windows on the Defaults tab Page. If multiple pictures have the same number, one of the pictures will be chosen randomly. This will allow you to have random desktop pictures, random window backdrops etc. 

Defaults tab on Patterns Page - Here you can set the defaults for the background pictures for the Desktop, Screen, Window and/or Text Mode throughout Scalos. 
Randomize every time [check box] - Usually Pictures with the same number will be randomly selected as soon as the configuration loads. If this option is set, the picture will be selected as soon as a window with the same number assignment is opened. 

*Fit size: The picture will be resized to the dimension of the new window.You *MUST* have set GUIGfx on. asyncron layout: Pictures will be loaded and rendered while the windows opens (Like original Workbench). If this function is 'off', pictures will always be loaded before opening the windows. 
*Use friendbitmap : The picture is present twice in memory for best speed. This option has no effect if V43 picture.datatype or GUIGfx are used. Always relayout: If &quot;Fit size&quot; is set, the picture will be scaled everytime the window's dimensions change.
*Randomize everytime: Usually Pictures with the same number will be randomly selected as soon as the If more pictures have the same number, one of them will be chosen randomly. 

Patternlist New/Delete : Add a new picture. After that you should assign a number to it. The picture will be rendered as tiles. configuration loads. If this option is set, the picture

Asyncron-Task priority: You can set the CPU priority for the Task if &quot;asyncron layout&quot; is set. 
&lt;pre&gt;
Desktop: Number of the Picture for the main window.
Screen: Number of the picture for the Scalos-Screen.
Window: Number of the picture for the Scalos-windows.
TextMode: Number of the picture for the Scalos-windows in Text Mode.
&lt;/pre&gt;


Popup Menu preferences fully configurable menus (includes ToolsDaemon and ParM launch apps import), including support for context-sensitive Popup menus configs for top pull down menus for apps, etc. 

 Workflow - Scalos_Prefs then Menu, New Item, New Command add name at top then in Command Properties e.g. add Workbench and location e.g. DOpus:DOpus4 for apps  Command for c apps or Rexx for scripts or Plugin for  or AmigaDos for modules 

&lt;pre&gt;
DESCRIPTION	NAME/A      This is the title that is displayed in the top line of any popup menu  
INCLUDE NAME/A          Name of file to be included. Path can be relative to &quot;Scalos:FileTypes&quot; 

POPUPMENU      Starts the popup menu description section for this filetype.
&lt;/pre&gt;

The following Subcommands are allowed inside popup menus:
&lt;pre&gt;
SUBMENU &quot;NAME/A&quot;
ENDSUBMENU 


MENUENTRY &quot;NAME/A,KEY/K,DEFAULTACTION/S&quot;
ENDMENUENTRY 

INTERNALCMD	&quot;NAME/A&quot;
WBCMD &quot;NAME/A,STACK/K/N,WBARGS/S,PRI=PRIORITY/K/N&quot;
AREXXCMD &quot;NAME/A,STACK/K/N,WBARGS/S,P=PRIORITY/K/N&quot;
CLICMD &quot;NAME/A,STACK/K/N,WBARGS/S,P=PRIORITY/K/N&quot;

ICONWINDOWCMD &quot;NAME/A&quot;

PLUGINCMD
MENUSEPARATOR

ENDPOPUPMENU

TOOLTIP 
ENDTOOLTIP
&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;pre&gt;
Starts the tooltip description section for this filetype. The following Subcommands are allowed inside popup menus:

GROUP &quot;ORIENTATION/K&quot;
ENDGROUP  
MEMBER &quot;HIDE/K&quot;
ENDMEMBER  

HBAR 
STRING &quot;ID/K,TEXT/K,SRC/K,TEXTPEN/K,HALIGN/K,STYLE/K,FONT/K,VALIGN/K&quot;
SPACE &quot;SIZE/N/A&quot;

DTIMAGE &quot;FILENAME/A&quot;
&lt;/pre&gt;


Each theme drawer (folder) has these further folders 
&lt;pre&gt;
About            - 
Desktop          - 
FileTrans        - 
FileType         - 
Icons            - 
Menu             - 
Modules          - 
PointerIcons     - 
Prefs            - 
Sound            - 
Window           - 
&lt;/pre&gt;


*Plugins
&lt;pre&gt;
devicefilter.plugin       
persist.plugin            should a crash or reboot occur - next time Scalos started, all windows re-opened 
title_clock.plugin        add digital clock to title see more below 
title_envvar.plugin       %ev, which can be used to display the value (a string) of the variable in the titlebar 
title_freepens.plugin     
volumegauge.plugin        
wb39.plugin               
wbrexx.plugin             plugin adds a Workbench 3.5+ compatible AREXX interface to Scalos internals 
xtwindows.plugin          left or right ALT or left or right SHIFT keys when open/close windows 
filetype.plugin           then run FileTypes-prefs and customize the filetypes (eg import from a DefIcons-brainfile) 
menu.plugin               
&lt;/pre&gt;


*Modules - delete, empty_trashcan, execute, find, format_disk, information, iconproperties, newdrawer, reboot, rename, systeminfo, windowproperties 


*Tools - scripts like LoadWB, quit.rexx, open_volume.rexx, 


In Scalos_Prefs-&gt;Filetype-&gt;Recognition  you can define the filetypes and on &quot;Action&quot; you define specific context menu for all filetypes defined in recognition (similar to magellan)
there is the same you must show all first (list is only limited) so you created a file type AAABBB, you need to have def_AAABBB icon 

Associating files with &quot;Scalos_FileTypes&quot; is very simple, practically it is very similar to Dopus4, first you create the Def_icons to assign to the file type (will be seen automatically ), then run &quot;Scalos_FileTypes&quot; you add the extension, fill in the descriptor (MATCH or PATTERN etc..) and save 

then you create an appropriate entry in the list and rename it, if def icon exists it is shown. Below you can define how files are identified. Use &quot;pattern&quot;, similar to magellan to identify file by ending. Then you click on the shown icon and define in it what program is used when you double-klick on it and save it. On the tab action you can define popup menu for it. 

defined all archive types from XAD in &quot;filetypes&quot;. If you change to &quot;action&quot; and click on &quot;archive&quot; you can define the context menu that is shown if you do not define a specific context menu for a filetype


Reset to Default in Scalos_Prefs resets all settings so '''BEWARE''' 


&lt;pre&gt;
The Scalos desktop screen titlebar may be configured using the main Scalos Preference program. This oop/time_clock plugin adds some additional placeholders:

    %ti, displays the current time in the default Locale format. e.g. &quot;10:43:37&quot;
    %da, displays the date in the default Locale format. e.g. &quot;Saturday 14 July 2001&quot;

Using the supplied prefs program for the plugin, or editing the ASCII file ENVARC:Scalos/title_clock.prefs you can use the following standard Amiga Locale values to change the formatting 

    %a - abbreviated weekday name
    %A - weekday name
    %b - abbreviated month name
    %B - month name
    %c - same as &quot;%a %b %d %H:%M:%S %Y&quot;
    %C - same as &quot;%a %b %e %T %Z %Y&quot;
    %d - day number with leading 0s
    %D - same as &quot;%m/%d/%y&quot;
    %e - day number with leading spaces
    %h - abbreviated month name
    %H - hour using 24-hour style with leading 0s
    %I - hour using 12-hour style with leading 0s
    %j - julian date
    %m - month number with leading 0s
    %M - the number of minutes with leading 0s
    %n - insert a linefeed
    %p - AM or PM strings
    %q - hour using 24-hour style
    %Q - hour using 12-hour style
    %r - same as &quot;%I:%M:%S %p&quot;
    %R - same as &quot;%H:%M&quot;
    %S - number of seconds with leadings 0s
    %t - insert a tab character
    %T - same as &quot;%H:%M:%S&quot;
    %U - week number, taking Sunday as first day of week
    %w - weekday number
    %W - week number, taking Monday as first day of week
    %x - same as &quot;%m/%d/%y&quot;
    %X - same as &quot;%H:%M:%S&quot;
    %y - year using two digits with leading 0s
    %Y - year using four digits with leading 0s

 like %d %m %y or %a %d %B %Y %p
&lt;/pre&gt;


Shutdown -&gt; right mouse button Scalos, About, Reboot, Shutdown 


ToolTypes can be added to the Scalos.info icon like 
*SCALOS_PATTERNNO=&lt;number&gt; : background image matching the number 
*SCALOS_NOTEXT : The Icon will be drawn without Text.
*SCALOS_NODRAG : The Icon will not be draggable. Its position will be fixed.
*Module iconproperties - Added SCALOS_BROWSERMODE tooltype support

runcommand parameters... in which case:
&lt;pre&gt;
%p = parameters
%w = directory path
%d = device-name
%% = literal percentage token
&lt;/pre&gt;


With the help of the wbrexx.plugin Scalos gains support for more of the compatible arexx API 

If an arexx command produces an error you will find the error code placed in the WORKBENCH.LASTERROR variable.

ACTIVATEWINDOW
&lt;pre&gt;
/* Activate the root window */
ADDRESS workbench
ACTIVATEWINDOW root

/* Activate the &quot;Work:&quot; partition's window if already open*/
ACTIVATEWINDOW &quot;Work:&quot;
&lt;/pre&gt;

CHANGEWINDOW
&lt;pre&gt;
/* Change the root window; move it to position 10,30. * and change its size to 200100 pixels */
ADDRESS workbench
CHANGEWINDOW root LEFTEDGE 10 TOPEDGE 30 WIDTH 200 HEIGHT 100

/* Change the currently active window */
CHANGEWINDOW active 20 40 200 100
&lt;/pre&gt;


Most of Scalos' issue are due to the flexibility of its' user configuring nature but if 


The sort menu plugin needs to be ported from ASM to C.

IIRC Scalos has a command line option to fully replace Workbench/Wanderer.

The Theme: assign is used by both Wanderer and Scalos but I didn't have any problems using both at the same time.


The Program will be started from the Shell.
If &quot;WB Args&quot; is set, with the Argument &quot;%p&quot; will be replaced by the path of the activated Icons. The Program will started with the specified Stack value.
IconWindow: Scalos opens the window of the specified path.


PlugIn: Starts a Scalos Menu-PlugIn.
If a Menu Item with empty name is specified, Scalos displays a separator line.
It's possible to Drag&amp;Drop an Icon in the Configuration Window. All values will be set accordingly. Entries may be dragged across the list.


Mac-like selection : This function activates a multiselection method used on MacOS or Win95. Don't have to hold down shift to drag them. Clicking on an already activated icon will
not deselect all other icons. 

MMB move: The window contents may be moved using the middle mouse button. 

WindowPopup title only: PopupMenu for windows can be opened only on window's title bars. 

FullBench: Screen-Titles removed and Main Window set Full Size. 
Scalos Prefs. Go to Settings-&gt;Scalos-&gt;Prefs and then the Misc section. Remove the tick against Full Bench. If you've enabled it, the titlebar will disappear when you select backdrop.


Default Icons saveable : The icons which Scalos generates if &quot;show all files&quot; is enabled, can now be saved
using &quot;snapshot&quot; menu option. load DefDisk first : Try to read the icons first from the DefIcons Path before using disk info. 


Hide hidden files : If this function is activated all files or directories where the &quot;hide&quot; flag is set will not be shown.

Many of my Icons display more than once on the screen, while on the workbench all seems ok.
The Workbench filters double displayed icons, Scalos does not. Solution: please edit the &quot;.backdrop&quot; file and clear double lines.

Background images not scaled. GUIGfx option not set or guigfx.library and/or render.library not installed.

If working with CD's causes crashs or Scalos doesn't work correctly.
Most Filesystems doesn't support the ExAll function correctly. Disable &quot;Use ExAll&quot; in Scalos prefs.

Scalos doesn't start any program in the WBStartup. WBStartup Path may be set wrongly or Scalos was not started in Emulation Mode (LoadWB etc) 
Some programs will not startup with error message &quot;has not returned, wait some more&quot;? and &quot;unable to open your tool&quot; 


need a def_icon with the same name predefined, then create an appropriate entry in the list and rename it, if def icon exists it is shown. Below this can define how files are identified. 
* either &quot;pattern&quot;, similar to magellan to identify file by ending
* or 
Then click on the shown icon and define in it what program is used when you double-click on it and save it. On the tab action you can define popup menu for it. All in all handling is of course different to magellan but can do similar 

For the RAM Icon, to obtain this you have only to copy the icon in the Icon Path as &quot;RAM.info&quot; or &quot;Ram Disk.info&quot;. All functions will automatically be performed 

sometimes cut into half or quarters when scrolled off screen or drawers moved - settings issue probably  

Sometimes leaves initial drawer window imprint on desktop when moved - settings issue 


Scalos AROS released a [https://github.com/deadwood2/contrib/tree/master/scalos new build V2022-07-21] with the following changes noted:
&lt;pre&gt;
Fixed:
    Numerous crashes when working on 64-bit with 64-bit heap
    Wrong background color of Scalos logo on Scalos splash window
    Backgroung image of Scalos splash window and Scalos About window is not visible
    Icon labels on desktop and in drawer windows are displayed using Topaz instead of Arial font
    Font.prefs are not being loaded on 64-bit
    Font.prefs are being wrongly saved on 64-bit
    scalos.prefs are not being loaded on x86 and x86_64, scalos is using always default preference
    scalos.prefs are being saved on x86 and x86_64 in format not compatible with m68k 
    NewPopupmenu.prefs is wrongly written
    Plugins are not loading at Scalos startup
    wbrexx.plugin is crashing at startup on 64-bit
    Multiple controls missing on Scalos Prefs/Icons page
    System crash when clicking on def icon image on FileTypes Prefs/Recognition page
    Status bar, control bar, buttons sometimes don't have images displayed
    Buttons in Scalos About window have white corners rendered where they should be transparent
    Crash when leaving out an icon
    Crash when adding a User-defined Button to Control bar without setting it's properties in Scalos Prefs
    Crash when removing any button from Control bar in Scalos Prefs
    Scalos Prefs allows editing TTEngine font properties when TTEngine is not present causing crash in Icons/Labels and Text Windows/Fonts pages
    deficons.prefs are not being loaded on x86 and x86_64
    Reset to default in FileType Prefs and Save does not save preferences

Won't fix:
    Scrollbars visible on titles of TrueType Fonts, PopupMenu, Menu, FileTypes, Pallette and Pattern pages of Scalos Preferences

Not fixed:
    Wrong rendering on DualPNG icons 
    Refreshing drawer windows is slow 
    Starting Prefs/Locale or Prefs/Input from Scalos causes other preferences to fail 
    Desktop wallpaper is damaged where Splay window was displayed 
    When started from Wanderer, after saving Scalos Prefs, reload does not re-open main Scalos window
    Difference in behavior between Cleanup from popup menu and Cleanup from top menu - possibly due to missing plugin, check Cleanup association in Menu Prefs
&lt;/pre&gt;


===DOpus 4 Directory Opus===

Copy DOpus4 app to WBStartup directory folder so it starts on boot up each time 

Another method is add the below to the bottom of the user-startup script in SYS:S drawer/directory 
&lt;pre&gt;
run DOPUS:DirectoryOpus -i &gt;NIL
&lt;/pre&gt;
makes DOpus starts up in Iconified state at the top of Wanderer's screen. Left click on this to highlight and right mouse click to open. 


Just click on the sides of either outer edges of DOpus windows and it will display the parent device/volume list. 


DOpus4 saves it features in a PROGDIR:s/DirectoryOpus.CFG file which can be edited to suit anyones' needs, '''C''' bottom right button in DOpus4 and by reading the [https://arosarchives.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=utility/filetool Dopus4 guide Manual and Arexx calls].

*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DCyXDs8baSE Pt1 Introduction] 
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7fiVmopiK9I Pt2 Dopus Config] 
*[] 
*[] 


*Button little rectangle with name inside
*Bank vertical stack of buttons 

 Buttons 
*Workbench app {f} i.e. first  use {F} for all selected items with app 
*AmigaDos  c type apps with arguments after 
*Arexx     
*Command   c type apps with no arguments after 

 Flags (most used)
*CD Destination to extract etc 
*Do all files
*Output window 
*Run asynchronously
*Workbench to front

*Buffer above 100000 for 64bit 


 Filetypes
Defines how certain files are handled like '''default tool''' 


 Screen
Fonts, set each element to any font 
Screenmode, Workbench Use (same screen like Windows), Workbench clone (like Linux workspaces) 

 System 
Shell startup, set to SYS:s/shell-startup 


===BoingIconBar===

User chooses the apps to add to the dock at the centre bottom of the screen but has to be done manually, please use Save afterwards 

Or easier edit the text file of SYS:Prefs/Env-Archive/iconbar.prefs and save 

&lt;pre&gt;
BOING_PREFS
;Tools
SYS:System/Shell 
SYS:Tools/DOpus4/DOpus4
SYS:Utilities/Editor
SYS:System/SysMon
SYS:System/Scout
Work:Extras/Internet/OWB/OWB
Work:Extras/Graphics/Lunapaint
Work:Extras/Graphics/ZunePaint
AROS:Tools/MPlayer/MPlayer
Extras:Internet/AmiFox/AmiFox
RAM Disk:Amelinium/Amelinium
&lt;/pre&gt;

right mouse click on bottom edge of screen where boingiconbar shows - select settings which opens BoingIconBar Preferences to add apps 

If no dock showing Add, to add apps click Add Program and search for the executable 

another method is to drag icons to ends of the bar and move them on the Bar using the Prefs/BoingIconBar 


===AmiStart===

On 32bit PCs only - auto generates the apps menu but scans the drive each time - AmiStart can choose apps you are not interested 

* how to disable annoying zune/mui 'bubbles'? 
try a right-click on AmiStart and release on Global settings. Then click on the bubbles gadget. Move the Show Bubbles slider all the way to the left.


===Fonts===

Install the #?.ttf files to SYS:Fonts/TrueType. Use SYS:System/FTManager to &quot;Install Font&quot; each #?.ttf file which will generate associated #?.otag and #?.font in SYS:Fonts. Use SYS:Prefs/Fonts to change system fonts and SYS:Prefs/Zune to change others. 

To achieve our goal we will use the Setup Locale, Input, Zune and Fonts, as well as The FTManager.

Begin

The first step you should do is to get the system to know that we speak and write in another language. What you need to do is to open the setup program and choose Locale country, and list &quot;preferred languages&quot; to put it first and then English. If you want the tab &quot;Time Zone&quot; and select city of residence to set the clock correctly. Of course we save our changes and continue opening the setup program Input. This sets the keyboard language as our beginning. When the language layout was created there was no option to switch to Aros keyboard (layout switching), so to write in the language you had to hold down Alt, something you encounter in other functions. This time working with the team of Aros to create a new keyboard layout to replace the old so we can get rid of the button Alt. For now though let only selected this layout and do not turn the switch on the keyboard.


Custom Keyboard Layout

[http://repo.or.cz/w/AROS.git/tree/HEAD:/workbench/devs/keymaps keymaps are in place but unfortunately when they are not, then indeed things become a bit 'low-level' as it involves redefining some tables with values that match your keyboards] 

only need to add your compiled table as new keymap. 

So taking a little peek here shows that it should be possible to compile using
 gcc -opc105_tr pc_105.c -nostdlib
where the pc105_gr/pc_105.c needs to be replaced with your own adjusted keymapname/c-file

[https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Enabling_Greek_Characters_on_Your_Keyboard General overview of Greek letters on keyboards] 


Installing fonts

*[http://aminet.net/package/util/wb/EPAGrWb System jaggy] 
*Outline resizable .font .otag 
In this step you need to download some fonts that can support the encoding in our system. The easiest way is to run the script &quot;Download Fonts&quot; you'll find in the folder OWB. This script downloads from the Internet, and unpacks some fonts for OWB web browser, which is placed under the folder Fonts:TrueType. But as these can only be used by OWB and not the system, which unfortunately does not see. To make them available to the rest of the system, open the program FTManager, you will find the folder AROS: System /. From there select the field &quot;Codepage&quot; option &quot;ISO-8859-7&quot; and list the font &quot;Arial&quot; and &quot;Regular&quot; form in which you must double-click with the mouse. In the window that appears, select the bottom right the checkbox &quot;Anti-aliasing&quot; button and then &quot;Install&quot;. Immediately folder Fonts: created files &quot;arialregular.font&quot; and &quot;arialregular.otag&quot;, which are necessary in order to see the system font. Do the same steps if you wish for other fonts.


Final stages 

After completing the above, open the folder AROS: Prefs / and run the program settings Fonts. In the new window, select the fields &quot;Icons&quot; and &quot;Screen&quot; as the font &quot;ArialRegular&quot; to the size you want. In the field &quot;System&quot; to give &quot;s_courier&quot;, which, however, because it is not True Type Font support Antialising, and may seem a little broken. You can also use the CourierNew, if you have installed the above procedure. After you save the changes and open the Zune program settings. In this set the &quot;ArialRegular&quot; font fields in tabs &quot;Windows&quot; and &quot;Groups&quot;, and save the changes. Reboot the system. To make sure that the above worked properly run NoWinED, which you will find under the folder AROS: Tools /. If that everything is working correctly you will see the menu and the settings window with Greek letters. You can also write in the language using the button Alt. Second program that you can try, which is fully localized, is WookieChat, which you will find in the folder AROS: Extras / Networking. And in this place all the menu and settings window works. 


===Windows===

*Intuition
The window you position and resize, you right click on that windows title bar and in the dropdown menu you snapshot from there.  Right click to show menu -&gt; Window -&gt; Snapshot Windows or All but it will NOT work if that folder has no icon (e.g. Disk.nfo) attached to it. You need a folder icon. The window information gets saved in it.  

As for maximising the window using a shortcut key - Alt and up arrow key 

The AROS-Shell windows can be moved, resized by editing sys:s/startup-sequence 

&lt;pre&gt;
; run shell
run QUIET c:newshell &gt;NIL:
&lt;/pre&gt;

; slimmer right aros the screen 
run QUIET c:newshell con:0/150//300/ &gt;NIL:

; top right corner scr-x scr-y win-x win-y
run QUIET c:newshell con:600/150//300/ &gt;NIL:


*EdgeSnap 

Commodity EdgeSnap allows resize and position windows on your screen by dragging them to the edges but not corners of the screen and/or other windows 

EdgeSnap Prefs (once pressed Use button) lets you arrange windows but not different applications in layouts half (left or right) or full size (top) and choose to adjust the border padding 

There is outline to show shape taken to aid placement and space available 


*Zune - AROS version of MUI
Magic Menu type functionality is implemented in IControl preferences editor: in the frame called Menus, switch type from Pull-Down to Pop-Up and/or iControl just tick the sticky menu option. 


Windows outside screens causing a problem either uncheck &quot;Offscreen move&quot; for windows in IControl prefs editor. Or use FKey commodity and define two key shortcuts: 

* the first using the command &quot;cycle windows&quot; (for example ALT TAB); 
* the second using the command &quot;rescue window&quot; (for example ALT F5). 

Now you can cycle windows until the one you want to rescue, and then &quot;rescue&quot; it: it will move back inside your screen. 


How to save the window size on wanderer (snapshot all, snapshot windows)

Same for icon position on wanderer, can't save the position. Icon position cannot be saved yet, but you should be able to save the window position and size. sys:prefs - wanderer icon has option to save window size on exit but just for dh0. To get saving working on (DH1: Extras:) partitions try deleting the dh1 disk.info file, then reboot. The system should create a new dh1 icon. 


* how to set up permanently 'view all files'?
As for viewing all files, removing disk.info for that disk did the job 

* how to list and kill processes (xkill would be useful) ? 
sys:Extras/System/Scout can kill apps 

sys:Tools/Commodities/Exchange can remove available commodities


* how to restore 'go up' button in wanderer window? (it doesn't show up anymore).
If you're using Icaros, go to the theme prefs and make sure that decoration is checked. Also, some themes do not use a parent button, so try another theme. You may have to restart Aros before the theme will change.

* Is it really safe to turn off (hardware button) computer at any time (worried about USB hard disk)
yes you can turn off the computer IF none of the drives are in progress (i.e. writing). Best to use Wanderer menu option Quit otherwise 


===Say narrator===

Say &quot;Hello World&quot; for a simple robotic voice 

SPEAK: is a write-only DOS device for text-to-speech abbreviated as tts. 
To check if available, type assign into the shell and at the bottom in the Devices: section should be SPEAK 

Examples of use 
&lt;pre&gt;
Copy S:Startup-Sequence SPEAK:
Echo &quot;Hello&quot; &gt;SPEAK:M/R/S150/P110
Echo &quot;DH1 EH0 L OW1&quot; &gt;SPEAK:A1
&lt;/pre&gt;

Classic options are M/F, R/N, S&lt;rate&gt;, P&lt;pitch&gt;, O0/O1, A0/A1, and D0/D1. O1 recognizes lines beginning with OPT/ as option changes. A1 treats input as narrator phonemes.

Long options select a speech engine:

Echo &quot;Hello&quot; &gt;SPEAK:ENGINE=narrator/VOICE=female/STYLE=natural/LANGUAGE=en-US

Supported selectors are ENGINE=, VOICE=, STYLE=, and LANGUAGE=. Values are case-sensitive backend identifiers. ENGINE=DEFAULT selects the system default. Narrator-compatible selectors continue through the classic translator/narrator pair. Other engines use speech.device. Direct phonemes require a narrator-compatible selection.


===Printing===

This needs further [http://www.aminet.net/package/docs/help/PrinterGuide drivers written], we have postscript and write to file support only 

;There are no individual drivers yet for HP's Photosmart, EPSON's EPL, CANON's, Lexmark, CUPS PPD, etc. 


*Postscript

Best to set Printer Prefs in the Prefs drawer to print-to-file or parallel/USB port 


Save document in postscript or convert picture/text to postscript 

Print using compatible Postscript printer 


FindPrinters finds the printers on the link - ENV:IPP/Status says how the last job went 

ipp.device is an output device for printer.device, like parallel.device or printtofile.device, for printers on the network. Unit n prints to the printer named in ENV:IPP/Unit&lt;n&gt;:

  URI=ipp://host[:port]/path   IPP/1.1 Print-Job (RFC 8010, RFC 8011)
  URI=socket://host[:port]     the raw data, port 9100 by default
  FORMAT=&lt;document-format&gt;     application/octet-stream when unset


*printer is simply not accepting IPP connections at the moment.

Please try the following steps:

Open the printer web interface in a browser:

 http://192.168.1.x/

Look for the network or protocol settings.

Enable IPP / Internet Printing Protocol.

Make sure TCP port 631 is open/enabled.

Save the settings and reboot the printer if the web interface asks for it.

 ipp://192.168.1.xx:631/ipp/print

 ipp://192.168.1.xxx:631/ipp/


===Files===

====File endings and datatypes====

* Check if the file has his own .info icon file with a tool set to open it. IIRC this has higher priority over the def_XYZ.info file association. 
* In ENVARC:SYS/def_Text.info or whatever def_ file needs changing, use Wanderer's menu Icon -&gt; Information and change the def_XYZ.info there. If you're on ABIv0 and want it to be applied immediately, you might have to copy it to ENV:SYS/ (or to reboot). 
* Identifying file types by file ending is only a fallback. Far better it is to search for magic words, for flac files this would be &quot;flaC&quot; according to this [http://flac.sourceforge.net/documentation_format_overview.html documentation]. 

For instance, to open PDFs with arospdf not localised in the default drawer of Icaros (Work:Extras/Applications/arospdf) but localised in a custom drawer in AROS. The default tools are defined in the icons in sys:prefs/env-archive/sys e.g. def_PDF. 


File type identification is done by datatype descriptors which you can find in Devs/Datatypes. The AROS build system has a tool which creates such datatype descriptors. 


'''Changing of default tools of existing icons is easy as shown above. Adding of new file types is not hard, but needs knowledge of the AROS build system.'''


The enduser way would be to download the attached file, which contained two executables:
1) createdtdesc, to make a new datatype description
2) examinedtdesc, to read/show existing datatype descriptions

use 2 to get an idea on how it things are currently done in aros by providing this executable a file from the drawer sys:devs/datatypes/ (alternatively you can find the original .dtd files here).

use 1 to make your new datatype. Use the accompanied FORMAT file (also here) to read how to make your own datatype descriptor. use 2 to get hints from other datatype descriptors.

Note:
When creating a new descriptor would advise against using the pattern property, but instead use the default pattern of #? and create a Mask that matches your filetype. This requires some research in order to discover how your filetype can be recognized properly. Of course with making something like a descriptor for an ascii textfile, you would fallback to using the pattern (e.g. #?.text as the filetype cannot be determined easily otherwise). 

&lt;pre &gt;
# name - choose wisely and informative. also used for icon's name.
# version - choose as you like as long as it complies with version rules
# basename - the 'root' datatype class. be aware that e.g. it can influence behaviour. for example when choosing binary and using tool multiview in project icon, the file will be viewed as binary file (choosing sound would tell mulitview to view the file as a soundfile). So this can influence the underlying tool being used. Could become messy if users started to modify the tool manually. 
# pattern - This is the file pattern match e.g. #?.text
# Mask - A mask to identify the file. Requires knowledge of the actual file structure. For example 'M' 'Z' for an msdos executable.
# GroupdID - not supported (AROS native) files - use syst as that would be the least intrusive in case an AROS tool/program tries to load such datatyped file.
# ID - In your case, the first four characters of the name at subchapter 1 (in lower case) (or less if name is shorter).
# flags - How the mask needs to be interpreted. In your case would be mostly DTF_BINARY in combination with (wanted or not) DTF_CASE (to tell if mask used letters are case sensitive or not)
# priority - the priority of how the type is handled so that on datatype could have precedence over another? In any case, document tells it to be mostly 0. 
&lt;/pre &gt; 

Now that you know each field and what it does (more or less), you write this fields in a text file for your own invented datatype, save it and create the actual dt with the tool in 1. in the end the created dt must reside in sys:devs/datatypes/ drawer.

Then you would create a default icon in sys:prefs/Env-archive/SYS drawer. Don't forget to reboot or copy .info file to ram:env/sys in order to test. also don't forget to set which tool to start f.e. c:lx or dh4:emulators/mycoolemulator

To test, open Wanderer then show all files and doubleclick on a file of type you just created. Alternatively you could use the 'open' command from shell (with file of datatype you just created as parameter).

And as a last note. it would perhaps be welcome to have a program like xicon and/or runprglist for AROS (unfortunately both without source, but something similar could be created for AROS).

Sounds complicated ?

Perhaps... but OS like windows needs a complete registry to be able to do things like this. And yes, i am aware windows has gui tools that does it (more or less) for you (by manipulating the registry). Same could be done for AROS (without integrating a registry in AROS that is ).

Would that suffice ?

red1+2: typos, reformatting.

disclaimer: please note that using these tools can screw up your currently installed support for datatypes when used incorrectly. Do not use if you do not understand what you are doing. Use at own risk.


==Network Connection==

AROS currently only has one real choice for TCP/IP networking - AROSTCP.  This is a port of the AmiTCP package from AmigaOS (TM), with a number of enhancements/fixes from AROS developers. 


===Wired===

Use Network Prefs to setup 


=====IPv6=====

Some support 


128bit IPv6 address packet 
&lt;pre&gt;
Local FD::/8
Global 2000::/3
64:ff9b::/96
&lt;/pre&gt;
NAT64 translates IPv6 to IPv4 
DNS64 


OS routing works with 
&lt;pre&gt;
MacOS Ventura 
Windows 11 with cloud account 
Ubuntu Jammy Jellyfish 
Android 10 (block google dns) 
&lt;/pre&gt;


====IPv4====

The top half of the IPv4 Configuration tab on the Network Prefs deals with the network card/USB and the lower half the router part. 

[[File:AROS Wanderer Network Prefs DHCP.png|thumb|DHCP Settings]]

'''Upper part of IPv4 tab''' 
* Click Add on the top right of the Prefs which opens a window called '''Interface''' 
* Enter Name as net0 (but can be anything as long as it is consistently used in other sections) 
* check mark on Active
* select device to be used using the '''right hand-side gadget''' of the box where the device name will go 
* set Unit to 0 
* IP Mode is default set to '''Get address from DHCP''' 


* IP Mode set to Manual if DHCP does not work automatically 

From the shell CLI,  ifconfig -a

Under net0: section, inet starting 192.168.x.xxx

* inet or '''Address''' of network card 
* netmask convert to decimal so 0x'''ffffff7f''' becomes 255.255.255.247 which is used to adjust the above '''Address''' into 
* broadcast 192.168.xxx.xxx

click OK


[[File:AROS Wanderer Network Prefs Manual.png|thumb|Manual Settings]]

'''Lower part of IPv4 tab''' 
* IP Mode Get address from DHCP (default) 


* or changing to Manual if automatic DHCP set up does not work 
* '''Gateway''' (Router Internal LAN-IP) (Default Route) = 192.168.0.1 (D-Link Netgear), 192.168.1.1 (Linksys 3com), 192.168.2.1 (SMC Microsoft), 192.168.1.254 (Belkin), 192.168.123.254 (USRobotics) else check with your router manual 
* first DNS = use 208.67.222.222 (opendns) or Gateway number above (to test web browser access to router) or 212.50.160.100 (google)  i.e. or whatever your ISP needs you to set 
* second DNS = use 208.67.220.220 (opendns) or Gateway number above (to test web browser access to router) or 213.249.130.100 (google) i.e. or whatever your ISP needs you to set 


* At the bottom of IPv4 tab, check mark the '''Start networking during system boot''' option 
* Save and reboot (sometimes Network restart fails, so reboot every time to be sure) 


'''an alternative way''' to AROS ifconfig -a, other OSs have similar for the same internet connection. Another connection will have different settings. 

e.g. From [http://www.ncsu.edu/resnet/windows/ipconfig/ Windows], '''ipconfig /all''' 
and note down the IP, subnet mask, default gateway, and DNS servers values and put these values in &quot;manually&quot; into AROS Network prefs. 

e.g. From Linux via dhcp router have a look at etc./dhcpc/dhcpcd-eth0.info 
* for manual input look at /etc/networks (IP or Gateway) and /etc/resolv.conf (DNS) 

 Please note that all in one routers (wired+wireless) or separate routers may need different settings 

IPv4 involves routing (192,168.x.x), firewall, NAT 


===Wireless===

 You may have a Wifi Prefs to use for wireless setup 

[[File:MyArosWirelessSetup.png|thumb|Setting up]]

[[File:MyArosWirelessTCP.png|thumb|Shell commands to work out what is happening]]

We must first make certain you have a Atheros 5k chip inside acting as the wireless wifi option. Open PCITool in Tools directory. Down left hand side are a series of numbers 0.00.0 etc. Click on some at the bottom and hopefully one of them will say Atheros AR5??? or AR242?. 

or a Realtek RTL8187B, we can check using Prefs/Trident as this one is USB based 


There are many similarities with the above Wired set up so please read the above section as well 


* open Network/Prefs
* In '''IPv4 Configuration''' tab - click Add - enter net0 / active tick / #?.device / Unit 0 / IP Mode = manual (important if default DHCP does not work automatically) 

Make sure that any extra network names (e.g. eth1 or net1) should be deleted. If net0 already st previously, change net0 so that it shows associated with the appropriate device name like atheros5000.device or realtek8180.device. Having two entries here will cause sub-net problems. 

* Go to '''Wireless''' tab and click on &quot;Add&quot; button. 
* Insert network name (SSID your wireless network name use wirelessmanager to get it), select right &quot;encyption&quot; that is most likely &quot;WPA&quot;. 
* Key Type set as &quot;Passphrase&quot;. i.e. type in your password for your router (aka access key). 
* Unselect (no tick) &quot;hidden&quot; if it is selected, then apply. You may have to tick it if wireless does not work. 
* Finally, Save and '''reboot'''. 

For the best chance of success, set networking to start at boot, and then reboot with the USB adapter plugged in. 


===USB Ethernet===

Open SYS:Prefs/Network and in the IPv4 Configuration tag (top table covers your usb stick) 

* click Add button
* set Name as net0
* Tick Active box
* enter the usb-ethernet.device e.g. dm9601eth.device, usbpegasus.device or usbasixeth.device use SYS:c/devlist, '''Scout''' or trident prefs to get the correct spelling 
* set Unit to 0 (which is usual but check the messages from the bottom of the Trident prefs whilst plugging the device in to determine the unit number otherwise) 
* IP Mode is set to Get address from DHCP (make sure your router is set right for that) 
'''or manual'''
* IP Address of network card, i.e. 192.168.0.xx or 192.168.1.xx (xx being greater than 1) 
* Subnet netmask = 255.255.255.0 
* click OK

There can be sometimes be boot failures when using USB ethernet - plug the USB device in after boot and save the network prefs to make it work again. 


Lower part of IPv4 tab covers the router information 

* IP Mode Get address from DHCP 
'''or if manual settings'''
* Gateway (IP Address of router) = usually 192.168.0.1 or 192.168.1.1 but see router manual to make sure. 
* first DNS = use 8.8.8.8, 208.67.222.222 (opendns) or 212.50.160.100 
* second DNS = use 8.8.4.4, 208.67.220.220 (opendns) or 213.249.130.100 


===USB Tethering via Android smartphone===


Go to AROS Network Prefs (IPv4 configuration tab) and write type in &quot;usbrndis.device&quot; in the &quot;device&quot; textfield of &quot;Interface&quot; sub-window, which appears when you add a new device (or modify an existing one). Select &quot;Start Network during system boot&quot; and saved the configuration, the Connection is immediate no reboot is needed.&lt;br&gt;

usbrndis.device is a resident device (virtually always there) in fact, a driver is not present in DEVS:Networks &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

Plug in USB cable, go to Android settings and enable &quot;USB Tethering&quot; &lt;br&gt;

A reboot should not be necessary.

When restarting AROS, the Smartphone deactivates the connection and to access the network again have to reactivate it before starting the browser. 


===Solving Issues===

[[File:MyArosTCP.png|thumb|Aros network setup diagnostics - why does it not work?]]

* In Network Preferences, have '''only one''' item in the IPv4 Configuration tab 
* If using manual settings, make sure all numbers are correct, especially for IP address of the card/usb (changing the last number in chain of four) 
* For any USB based networking, it is often necessary to save in Prefs/Network, reboot AROS and network support can begin 


* For wired, make sure that the LAN-cable is plugged in before starting the computer 


* If wireless, try getting closer to the router. 
* Switch off the encryption option from your router then try wifi, if successful then your ip/dns is ok. If not then your ip/dns settings are most probably wrong or need to use one or more opendns numbers 
* Replace detachable wireless antenna (best wireless option to buy if you can) with a stronger antenna ie. 5&amp;nbsp;dBi or 7&amp;nbsp;dBi 
* Try with another computer/laptop/machine 

Program Error  C:WirelessManager 

* Test with another OS 
* Check that Wifi works before changeover (if possible) 
* Check that socket and card are working 
* Check if card is too new for laptop (date code on card MMYY blue askey date 2005-2007 etc)   


Are you connecting with the Router ? 

Check with protection off e.g. wps and wep to see if it makes a difference. 


For USB wireless - stopping and starting may be needed...

&lt;pre&gt;

; $VER: AROSTCP-startnet 1.0 (01/08/06)
; AROSTCP-startnet (c) The AROS Dev Team.
;
Run &lt;NIL: &gt;NIL: AROSTCP
WaitForPort AROSTCP
If NOT Warn
  ; echo &quot;Stack online&quot;
Else
  echo &quot;Wait for Stack Failed&quot;
EndIf

; stop and restart
execute &quot;sys:system/network/AROSTCP/s/stopnet&quot;

Run &lt;NIL: &gt;NIL: AROSTCP
WaitForPort AROSTCP
If NOT Warn
  ; echo &quot;Stack online&quot;
Else
  echo &quot;Wait for Stack Failed&quot;
EndIf

run &lt;NIL: &gt;NIL: wirelessmanager realtek8180.device

&lt;/pre&gt;


What IRQ number is assigned to the device? You can check with Tools/PCITool? 
It's possible the BIOS hasn't set the right IRQ number. If you have a Linux CD/DVD handy, could you check if it boots with the options &quot;acpi=off noapic nolapic&quot;? 


If the following does nothing, this will help us figure out why networking doesn't start automatically at boot

open a shell and run the following commands:

&lt;pre&gt;
echo ${AROSTCP/AutoRun}
echo ${AROSTCP/WirelessAutoRun}
echo ${AROSTCP/WirelessDevice}
&lt;/pre&gt;

Please report the output, typically it will look like this  

# True  (explanation this variable is related to the &quot;Start networking during system boot&quot; checkbox in network prefs) 
# True  ()
# Devs:networks/atheros5000.device unit 0


If there's a problem with the AROSTCP package. What's the output of this?

 ENV:sys/packages/AROSTCP 

should return a string = Sys:System/Network/AROSTCP


By the way, a quicker way to check networking is working would be to run some shell commands such as:


&lt;pre&gt;
ping www.google.com
ifconfig net0
&lt;/pre&gt;


The best way to list the available networks and diagnose / troubleshoot problems with connecting to a wireless network is to run WirelessManager manually. First uncheck the &quot;Start networking during system boot&quot; box in the Network prefs app, then save and reboot. Then run this in a shell:

 C:wirelessmanager atheros5000.device verbose 

or 

 C:wirelessmanager realtek8180.device verbose 

and capture the output 


If the above does not help, could you edit the file SYS:System/Network/AROSTCP/S/Package-Startup, and change &quot;&gt;NIL:&quot; to &quot;&gt;T:wifi.log&quot; on the WirelessManager line and add this as well Wait 5?

&lt;pre&gt;
if ${AROSTCP/WirelessAutoRun} eq &quot;True&quot;
Run QUIET &quot;C:WirelessManager ${AROSTCP/WirelessDevice} &gt;T:wifi.log&quot;
wait 5
EndIf
&lt;/pre&gt;

Then save, reboot and post the log file (T:wifi.log) here.


&lt;pre&gt;

c:wirelessmanager atheros5000.device verbose
Initializing interface 'atheros5000.device:0' conf 'ENV:Wireless.prefs' driver 'default' ctrl_interface 'N/A' bridge 'N/A'
Configuration file 'ENV:Wireless.prefs' -&gt; 'ENV:Wireless.prefs'
Reading configuration file 'ENV:Wireless.prefs'
Line: 1 - start of a new network block
ssid - hexdump_ascii(len=7)
65 63 68 65 6c 6f 6e echelon
PSK (ASCII passphrase) - hexdump_ascii(len=14): [REMOVED]
key_mgmt: 0x2
PSK (from passphrase) - hexdump(len=32): [REMOVED]
Priority group 0
id=0 ssid='echelon'


Then it just sits there. Not sure what a normal dump looks like, I don't see anything that looks wrong in the configuration.
&lt;/pre&gt;

looks like the driver isn't working with that card. Has anyone else successfully used that exact model number (AR2413)?


&lt;pre&gt;

Initializing interface 'atheros5000.device:0' conf 'ENV:Wireless.prefs' driver 'default' ctrl_interface 'N/A' bridge 'N/A'
Configuration file 'ENV:Wireless.prefs' -&gt; 'ENV:Wireless.prefs'
Line: 1 - start of a new network block
ssid - hexdump_ascii(len=7):
65 63 68 65 6c 6f 6e echelon
PSK (ASCII passphrase) - hexdump_ascii(len=14): [REMOVED]
key_mgmt: 0x2
PSK (from passphrase) - hexdump(len=32): [REMOVED]
Priority group 0
id=0 ssid='echelon'
*** [wpa_sm_init] sm-&gt;pmksa=02c66fd4 ***
Own MAC address: 00:01:36:15:ae:0c
RSN: flushing PMKID list in the driver
Setting scan request: 0 sec 100000 usec
EAPOL: SUPP_PAE entering state DISCONNECTED
EAPOL: Supplicant port status: Unauthorized
EAPOL: KEY_RX entering state NO_KEY_RECEIVE
EAPOL: SUPP_BE entering state INITIALIZE
EAP: EAP entering state DISABLED
EAPOL: Supplicant port status: Unauthorized
EAPOL: Supplicant port status: Unauthorized
Added interface atheros5000.device:0
State: DISCONNECTED -&gt; SCANNING
Started AP scan for wildcard SSID
MLME: starting scan
MLME: scan channel 1 (2412 MHz)
sana2: sending MLME frame


Then it stops. Does this mean the router is not authorizing this NIC?

IRQ 4 (A)

&lt;/pre&gt;

apparently locking up when the first frame is sent (a scan request).


&lt;pre&gt;

Devs/Networks/atheros5000.device:0
Initializing interface 'Devs/Networks/atheros5000.device:0' conf 'ENV:Wireless.prefs' driver 'default' ctrl_interface 'N/A' bridge 'N/A'
Configuration file 'ENV:Wireless.prefs' -&gt; 'ENV:Wireless.prefs'
Reading configuration file 'ENV:Wireless.prefs'
Line: 1 - start of a new network block
ssid - hexdump_ascii(len=12):
41 69 72 4c 69 6e 6b 35 39 33 30 30 AirLink59300
PSK (ASCII passphrase) - hexdump_ascii(len=8): [REMOVED]
key_mgmt: 0x2
PSK (from passphrase) - hexdump(len=32): [REMOVED]
Priority group 0
id=0 ssid='AirLink59300'
*** [wpa_sm_init] sm-&gt;pmksa=0224e444 ***
Own MAC address: 00:1f:e1:42:e3:7a
RSN: flushing PMKID list in the driver
Setting scan request: 0 sec 100000 usec
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686594.160000
EAPOL: SUPP_PAE entering state DISCONNECTED
EAPOL: Supplicant port status: Unauthorized
EAPOL: KEY_RX entering state NO_KEY_RECEIVE
EAPOL: SUPP_BE entering state INITIALIZE
EAP: EAP entering state DISABLED
EAPOL: Supplicant port status: Unauthorized
EAPOL: Supplicant port status: Unauthorized
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686595.060000
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686604.060000
Added interface Devs/Networks/atheros5000.device:0
[eloop_run] Starting
State: DISCONNECTED -&gt; SCANNING
Starting AP scan for wildcard SSID
MLME: starting scan
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686594.160001
MLME: scan channel 1 (2412 MHz)
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686594.193000
sana2: sending MLME frame
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686594.233000
MLME: scan channel 2 (2417 MHz)
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686594.253000
sana2: sending MLME frame
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686594.293000
MLME: scan channel 3 (2422 MHz)
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686594.333000
sana2: sending MLME frame
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686594.373000
MLME: scan channel 4 (2427 MHz)
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686594.393000
sana2: sending MLME frame
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686594.433000
MLME: scan channel 5 (2432 MHz)
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686594.473000
sana2: sending MLME frame
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686594.513000
MLME: scan channel 6 (2437 MHz)
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686594.553000
sana2: sending MLME frame
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686594.573000
MLME: scan channel 7 (2442 MHz)
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686594.613000
sana2: sending MLME frame
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686594.653000
MLME: scan channel 8 (2447 MHz)
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686594.693000
sana2: sending MLME frame
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686594.713000
MLME: scan channel 9 (2452 MHz)
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686594.753000
sana2: sending MLME frame
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686594.793000
MLME: scan channel 10 (2457 MHz)
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686594.833000
sana2: sending MLME frame
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686594.853000
MLME: scan channel 11 (2462 MHz)
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686594.893000
sana2: sending MLME frame
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686594.933000
MLME: scan channel 12 (2467 MHz)
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686594.973000
sana2: sending MLME frame
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686595.013000
MLME: scan channel 13 (2472 MHz)
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686595.033000
sana2: sending MLME frame
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686595.073000
EAPOL: disable timer tick
EAPOL: Supplicant port status: Unauthorized
MLME: scan channel 14 (2484 MHz)
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686595.113000
sana2: sending MLME frame
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686595.153000
MLME: scan channel 1 (2412 MHz)
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686595.193000
sana2: sending MLME frame
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686595.213000
MLME: scan channel 2 (2417 MHz)
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686595.253000
sana2: sending MLME frame
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686595.293000
MLME: scan channel 3 (2422 MHz)
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686595.333000
sana2: sending MLME frame
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686595.353000
MLME: scan channel 4 (2427 MHz)
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686595.393000
sana2: sending MLME frame
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686595.433000
MLME: scan channel 5 (2432 MHz)
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686595.473000
sana2: sending MLME frame
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686595.493000
MLME: scan channel 6 (2437 MHz)
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686595.533000
sana2: sending MLME frame
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686595.573000
MLME: scan channel 7 (2442 MHz)
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686595.613000
sana2: sending MLME frame
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686595.653000
MLME: scan channel 8 (2447 MHz)
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686595.673000
sana2: sending MLME frame
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686595.713000
MLME: scan channel 9 (2452 MHz)
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686595.753000
sana2: sending MLME frame
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686595.793000
MLME: scan channel 10 (2457 MHz)
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686595.833000
sana2: sending MLME frame
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686595.853000
MLME: scan channel 11 (2462 MHz)
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686595.893000
sana2: sending MLME frame
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686595.933000
MLME: scan channel 12 (2467 MHz)
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686595.973000
sana2: sending MLME frame
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686595.993000
MLME: scan channel 13 (2472 MHz)
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686596.033000
sana2: sending MLME frame
[eloop_reg_timeout] Timeout is at 1317686596.073000
MLME: scan completed

&lt;/pre&gt;

Is your network hidden? If so, did you enable the 'Hidden' checkbox in the network prefs? What distro version are you using? 


&lt;pre&gt;
&quot;ENV:sys/wireless.prefs&quot; looks like this:
network={
ssid=&quot;testadhoc&quot;
key_mgmt=NONE
wep_key0=&quot;12345&quot;
wep_tx_keyidx=0
}
&lt;/pre&gt; 


If your router doesn't broadcast its SSID (hidden), you need to add this option to the network block of the wpa_supplicant.conf on your aros machine and make changes after  # Example blocks: 

 scan_ssid=1

Here's a full description of all the [http://hostap.epitest.fi/gitweb/gitweb.cgi?p=hostap.git;a=blob_plain;f=wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf config file options]. 

&lt;pre&gt;
ap_scan=1

network={
ssid=&quot;YOURESSID&quot;
scan_ssid=1
proto=RSN
key_mgmt=WPA-PSK
pairwise=CCMP
group=CCMP
psk=YOURPASSWORD
}
&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;pre&gt;
filter_ssids=1
ap_scan=2

network={
ssid=&quot;REMOVED&quot;
scan_ssid=1
bssid=REMOVED
priority=100
mode=0
proto=RSN
key_mgmt=WPA-PSK
auth_alg=OPEN
pairwise=CCMP
group=CCMP
psk=REMOVED
}
&lt;/pre&gt;


Error 6: Couldn't resolve host name.

Check Scout -&gt; Devices and look at the device that you are using, in the OCnt column it should state 2 which means AROSTCP and Wirelessmanager are both accessing this driver. If 0 or 1, then uncheck the checkbox in Network prefs for starting networking at boot, save and reboot. Then run this is the shell:

C:WirelessManager realtek8180.device unit 0


some quirks setting up the wireless network as well 

1) it's far better setting up either the wired OR the wireless network adapter as net0:, or weird things happen

2) it's better using fixed IP on the local network instead of DHCP

3) network setting must be placed in network setting panel in /prefs, using the wirelessmanager helped me finding available SSIDs, but not actually connecting to them

once done, reboot.


If previous setup is proving problematic 

&lt;pre &gt;

SYS:Prefs/Env-Archive/Wireless.prefs
SYS:Prefs/Env-Archive/Zune/OWB.config
SYS:Prefs/Env-Archive/Zune/global.config
SYS:Prefs/Env-Archive/AROSTCP/WirelessDevice
SYS:Prefs/Env-Archive/AROSTCP/db/Interfaces
&lt;/pre &gt; 

Make a copy of these files and restore in case of problems. 


Please try this test to check if you can connect to your router, ie established that the WiFi layer is working 

̊̊̊̊Boot with networking disabled, by make sure that &quot;Start networking at boot&quot; in Network Prefs is unchecked (no tick).  
̊ Run this in a shell: C:WirelessManager atheros5000.device VERBOSE
̊If the output of that command is too long to summarise here, you can redirect it to a file by adding &gt;RAM:wifi.log to the end, then attach or paste that file here.


try running &quot;status&quot; in the shell and check that AROSTCP is listed/running
If AROStcp is not showing, then AROSTCP is not running. attempted to start it by clicking Use or Save in network prefs, or checking the &quot;start networking at boot&quot; box or typing into a shell. 

 Execute SYS:System/Network/AROSTCP/s/startnet

(run Status again afterwards).


The &quot;cannot resolve hostname&quot; will appear if you are blocked on the wifi network by the router as well as aros not being able to assign correct network address.

One way of testing this might be to disable the firewall in the router. you might also check the router how it sees the attempts aros do to speak to it. The easiest way to do that would be to manually give aros an IP number in the routers accepted range. and see if it shows up at all within the router.


Tests that can be undertaken to determine correct settings and functions 

 pciinfo
 sanautil -d broadcom4400.device status

&lt;pre &gt;
 ping &lt;router-address&gt; e.g. 192.168.0.1 (aka inet) or 80.237.146.33 (www.amiganews.de) 
 ifconfig net0
 ifconfig net0 up
 extras:networking/utils/sanautil/sanautil -d atheros5000.device status
 WirelessManager atheros5000.device verbose &gt;RAM:wifi.log
 ;to send the log to RAM disk to be read easier or if detected, 
 Run WirelessManager atheros5000.device &gt;NIL:
 Run WirelessManager atheros5000.device ssid=&quot;mynet1&quot; &gt;NIL: 
 C:WirelessManager realtek8180.device unit 0 
&lt;/pre &gt; 

Please look at the task list in Scout, and check if WirelessManager and AROSTCP are running. Also look at the device list in Scout to check if realtek8180.device is open. 


start tools/debug/sashimi, maybe it shows some debug messages when disconnection happens.


Firstly, let's take a look at what your setup most likely looks like, assuming you use a router. See diagram below: 

&lt;pre&gt;
Internet &lt;---------&gt; home router &lt;---------&gt; computer 
-----------external IP------------------internal IP-------------
&lt;/pre&gt;

Okay, so what am I trying to show you with that diagram. A few things. Firstly, the IP address that connects you to the Internet is not the same one that connects you to your router. What happens is that your computer doesn't have a direct connection to the Internet, instead your router connects to the Internet, and your computer connects to the router.

You can see the external and internal IP addresses in these example settings...

* Default Gateway : 76.91.64.1 (external IP for ISP/Internet host)
* IP Address : 76.91.71.184 (external IP for home router)

* IP Address : 192.168.0.1 (internal IP for home router)
* Address = 192.168.0.161 (internal IP for computer)

As you can see, there are two internal IP addresses and two external IP addresses. This is because there is a client/server relationship, effectively one address is for the service (server) and one address is for the device trying to access that service (client).

The server addresses in your case are 76.91.64.1 (your ISP's address, serving the Internet), and 192.168.0.1 (your home router's address, serving your home network). The term gateway applies here, they are your gateway to those services.

Subnet masks are used along with IP addresses to determine which IP addresses are allowed access to a network. I did learn the more in-depth rules about subnet masks once (watched a CCNA vid), but I've forgotten about it. The basic level of understanding you'll need is easy to remember though. A subnet mask value of 255 means that portion of the IP address must stay constant, whereas a subnet value of 0 means any unassigned value up to 255 is allowed in the IP address.

By far the most common subnet value is 255.255.255.0. What this means is that the first three parts of the IP address you use to connect to a service must stay the same as the server/gateway address, and only the last section can change.

So if your router's internal IP address is 192.168.0.1, and the subnet mask is 255.255.255.0, the only addresses that will be allowed to be used on that network are between 192.168.0.2 and 192.168.0.255 (I think 192.168.0.0 is reserved for other uses).

Final point to make is about DHCP (a.k.a. dynamic IP) vs static IP. A server/router using DHCP gives a device that connects to it an address within the acceptable range. It usually starts with the lowest numbered free address, so with your router it'll give the first device that connects to it 192.168.0.2, the next device 192.168.0.3, and so on. Static IP addresses are where you set the IP address you want to connect with in advance. 

When using static IP addresses on a router where DHCP is active, it's good to use a high number to avoid conflicts with other devices that are connected to your network, to reduce the risk that both devices will try using the same IP. That's why your current choice of 192.168.0.161 is good, unless you have over 159 devices connected on your current network!


Okay, so what's the next step. Well, if you can use ping, I'd suggest pinging 192.168.0.1. If you get a positive response it means you're connected to your router, if you don't get a response it means the connection between your router and your computer is at fault.

Documentation on configuring the AROSTCP environment further can be found [http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Aros/User/Networking here] 


===File Sharing===

As AROS knows only a few filesystems (FFS, OFS, SFS, PFS (amiga only), FAT12, 16, 32, Microsoft NTFS (windows), UDF (Blu-ray)). 
The others in regular use like MacOSX hfs+, Linux ext2/ext3 and ext4, Haiku BeFS provide a problem in transferring files. 

Linux can access SFS partitions but it needs to be compiled. The latest full source are [http://home.elka.pw.edu.pl/~mszyprow/programy/asfs/ here]. It compiled fine with a 2.6.30 kernel in Puppy Linux 4.31. 

An alternative, is to use a FAT32 partition to share. Setup a 4G FAT32 partition using HDToolbox for sharing, and the rest of the space as SFS for an Aros install. It works very well. 

Files could be transferred via TCP internet network. 


====SMB2/3====

With Windows you can share one folder or all folders of the &quot;Public&quot; user.

On Windows what is important is to enable sharing (Network and Sharing Center).

AROS Mountlist should look lke this 
&lt;pre&gt;
Handler = L:smb2-handler
StackSize = 65536
Priority = 5
GlobVec = -1
ACTIVATE=1
Startup = &quot;smb://UserAcc:password@PCShare/Sharefolder&quot;
&lt;/pre&gt;

which could also be
&quot;smb://UserPC:password@192.168.x.x/Public&quot;
or
&quot;smb://UserPC:password@Name-PC/Public&quot;

so
&quot;smb://UserPC:password@192.168.1.158/Folder&quot;
or
&quot;smb://UserPC:password@Name-PC/Folder&quot;


After you have configured a share generates a DOSDrivers it is named &quot;SMB0&quot; which includes the setting, and at each reboot it is Mounted. You can still delete the DOSDriver by hand, is located in Storage/DOSDrivers, the file &quot;ServerAutoMounts&quot;, in ENV:AROSTCP which indicates the DOSDriver to be mounted, should also be deleted. 
The per-mount files are written to ENV:SMB or SYS:Storage/DOSDrivers. There is also additional file ENV:AROSTCP/ServerAutoMounts which states what will be presented to the end user. 


====Old SMBFS====

e.g. to connect to a NAS share such as \\NASBOX\Shared use -:

SMBFS WORKGROUP=&lt;YOUR WORKGROUP NAME&gt; VOLUME=&lt;AROS volume name to use&gt;: SERVICE=&lt;UNC Path to connect to&gt;

SMBFS WORKGROUP=MYNET VOLUME=Shared: SERVICE=//NASBOX/Shared

And you will then have an icon appear on your desktop for the volume name you have chosen. 


You can put the above script into wbstartup or  

give it an icon, change it to a 'project' and give it the default tool c:iconx 

Open a shell and type copy sys:script.info &quot;sys:wbstartup/YOURSCRIPTNAME.info&quot;

This should create an icon for your script file.

Now right-click on your script and select 'information'.

Change 'tool' to 'project', put 'c:iconx' into the 'default tool' box, click save 

The reason being that scripts need to be opened with 'execute SCRIPTNAME' (or 'iconx') whereas the programs started from wbstartup are opened using 'run PROGRAMNAME'. It's the same as trying to start a command-line tool from the workbench by double-clicking it.


====Setup ISO images within AROS====

Use [http://archives.aros-exec.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=driver/storage DiskImage] which supports many cd image formats ISO, CCD, MDF/MDS, CUE/BIN, NRG and UIF. To mount CD or DVD images use below....

&lt;pre &gt;
# Rename your iso 'Unit0' (note no extension).
# Do 'View/All files' on you Aros partition. You should now see a folder called 'Diskimages'. Copy your renamed iso to there. 
(Alternatively, you could type at the shell 'assign FDSK: xxx', where xxx is the location of your iso.) 
# From the shell, type 'mount CD0:' and the iso should appear on the Wanderer desktop. You can now access it like a real disk.
&lt;/pre &gt; 

 assign devname: dismount 
 Assign DOSVOLUME: remove
 [http://aminet.net/package/disk/misc/unmount-0.1 unmount] most filesystems work but SFS lacks support for ACTION_DIE packet 

If you are using an IcAros install, the startup scripts are set up to wipe the Diskimages directory on boot, so its worth keeping a second copy of the iso somewhere else. Alternatively, you could set up extra mountlists for additional iso images. I've made a file called iso1 in the Aros:devs directory that contains the following text:

&lt;pre&gt;
/* Entry for ISO image */

ISO1:
FileSystem = cdrom.handler
Device = fdsk.device
Unit = 1
LowCyl = 0
HighCyl = 0
Surfaces = 1
BlocksPerTrack = 1
DOSType = 0x41434400
Activate = 1
#
&lt;/pre&gt;

Then I just need an iso called 'Unit1' (corresponding to the 'Unit = 1' entry in the mountlist) in Diskimages (or wherever I assign FDSK: to) and to mount I type in at the shell:

 Mount iso1: from devs:iso1

Of course, if you create mountlists for ISO2, ISO3:, etc. (with the corresponding change to the 'Unit = ' line) you can have as many isos mounted as you wish. I just call mine ISO1: etc. to distinguish them from the real CD drives 


==Video Guides==


Video demonstrations and tutorials covering:

:00. '''Introduction''' 
::[https://www.youtube.com/@jamesmattson6813/videos Various Aros Installs], 
::[https://www.youtube.com/embed/j8EmSEby0Rg AROS repo in gource, view of AROS dev commits from 1997 to 2025], [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vx_zqlBow40&amp;feature=related Gource view of AROS 1997 up to 2009], 
::[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s1RsvEm7UrU Why an Amiga OS in 2011], 
::[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1W886mheV74&amp;pp=ygUPYW1pZ2EgYXJvcyAyMDI2 Johan Grip on early days of AROS x86], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mXaKDhtTTqQ&amp;t=14s&amp;pp=ygUPYW1pZ2EgYXJvcyAyMDI2 Michel Schulz on Aros and PiStorm], 

:01. '''Installation'''
::[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M7YjufrJqDs Aros One install], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iIMguHTdC5E Aros One USB install], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZNXauy5m5Wc Aros One install], [http://vimeo.com/11013489 Modify Grub boot], 
::[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wyQVeyXIywc&amp;feature=channel iMica Silent Pt3], [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o2AnkoflY14 Wipe whole drive and Install - warning loss of data on drive], 
::[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OVXm6_-witQ VirtualBox install], [ VMware install], 
::[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0k2PEmT8I14 Broadway AROS Install], 
::[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PtDiXhjSIfs Is Aros Icaros a choice?], 
::[ driver install], 
::[http://www.vimeo.com/10491104 HDAudio install but needs account], [], 

:02. '''Amiga Basics'''
::[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TY8mWxwzH5o Screens tutorial], 
::[https://m.youtube.com/user/AMIGASYSTEM/videos General], [ Dos Scripts tutorial], [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hPT7SmVEpjc OS 1.2], [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n6kX3FqH8Ww&amp;feature=related OS 1.3], 

:03. '''Customisation demos'''
::[https://www.youtube.com/@AMIGASYSTEM/videos Prefs tutorial], [ Decoration tutorial], [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Dn5C8G3aDXU Scalos], 

:04. '''Setting up''' internet access and surfing the web, FTP, IRC and Mail apps 
::[ Network Prefs], [ AirCOS tutorial], [ jabberwocky tutorial], 

:05. '''Native bundled Games and Applications''' 
::[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aYlFv2B-VXc 3D Games], [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MXK7wwhd-R0 Latest Games], [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RUgiVThv23Q&amp;feature=mfu_in_order&amp;list=UL PrBoom GL], [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0s7u8TPy7V4 Assault Cubes], [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fih6aCXKeqs Cube 2], [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-X0ay0MGOms DosBox on Aros], [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7nKduDjf14k Oct 2010], 

::[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FziV2z_uxnQ Apps Pt 1], [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xs37_nfa5CI Apps Pt 2], [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bn59_VvbQR0&amp;feature=related Apps Pt 3], 
::DOpus4 [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aSRybWjrrME DOpus 4], 
::Milkytracker [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VxBOEPzpdKg&amp;feature=related Laying Down Base Tracks], 
::[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k2uKQ0-ieOE Audio Evolution 4 in action], [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Zq4r9k0_jZI Quick Videos], 
::[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gGKCFZcIc0I&amp;feature=related ScreenRecorder], [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=974c2e-Fqak&amp;feature=related TV out Tests], 
::[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fjq8ct5d5IY AmiFIG], [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h0rHvPhYJo4&amp;feature=youtu.be ZuneFIG], 
::[http://wiki.povray.org/content/Documentation:Tutorial_Section_1 POVray Tutorial 1], 
::[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jk-ZNLfJsvQ pt 1, jan. 2008], [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nWRy33g1R7Y pt 2, feb. 2009], [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r5PbhCtm4vE pt 3, feb. 2010], 

::[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G7_FJUoQ89o Hollywood programming], [], [], [],

::[], [], [], 
::[], [], [], 
::[], [], [], 


:06. '''Commercial software available'''
::[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fKXY9B4R43s AntiryadGX 3D Game Editor], 
::[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TMS9NDzwm5U BOH indie Game], 

:07. '''Running classic amiga apps and games''' 
:: Amiberry [], [], 
::[http://vmwaros.blogspot.com/2008/11/introducing-amibridge.html Intro Amibridge], [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ee2PWvCZeLo Old Amiga Apps], [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ee2PWvCZeLo Why Janus UAE is good], 
::[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VhlsNSYSuDg DPaint tutorial]

::[http://vmwaros.blogspot.com/2009/11/can-icaros-play-my-amiga-games-and-why.html Play Amiga Games], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XTaZCNOvCnE], 
::[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tMehS77LXQ4 Pagestream Introduction], [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=284-w3hTzII Pagestream Tutorial 1], [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mlwEGwhZzl4 Pagestream Tutorial 2], 
::[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iIcrIjPOctc Catweasel Mk4 PCI Part 1] and [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BaitHeL6bEA Part 2], 

:08. '''Misc and History'''

::[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d6mDXKU29w0 Mum uses old AmigaOS Workbench 1.1 (1986)], [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DaRkacQ-YMg Why an Amiga 500 (1987)], [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k5CYsgVCzYY an Amiga 2000 (1987)], 

:09. '''Misc Shows and Events'''
::[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=klgVSWKs4kE VCF 2010], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eQ3d5qR-Hv8 24:06 Jason McMullan at amiwest 2012 about AROS], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jpQO7XSfAv4 Aros SMP multi core amiwest 2013], [], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gFRtAAmiFbE], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DjdUEyjx8GM], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ydYDqZQpim8], [], [https://www.youtube.com/@uminekoshouten/featured], [https://www.youtube.com/shorts/NfoY023w-vE], 

:10. 
::[https://www.youtube.com/shorts/6qJTNW4-6GY]


===History===

The project was originally started by a small group of Amiga [http://www.amigahistory.co.uk/aros.html enthusiasts] in 1995. These individuals were mainly computer-based college university students at the start, though that student trend has diminished since. An interview with Aaron Digulla [http://arosshow.blogspot.com/2006/12/interview-with-aaron-digulla-who.html here] 

* 1992 Commodore folds 
* 1996-1998 much of the early years was concerned with exec, dos and intuition libraries. 
* Early 1999, Haage &amp; Partner used parts of the AROS code in AmigaOS 3.9. 
* March 2001, floppy disk images of AROS became available. 
* Early 2002, AROS changed its name from Amiga Replacement Operating System to Amiga Research Operating System 
* June 2002, AROS devs decided to use Zune (MUI 3.8 rewrite) as the GUI system. 
* November 2002, Eric Schwartz drew Kitty for AROS usage. 
* Early 2003, AROS.org underwent a graphics facelift. 
* Late 2003, GCC C compiler arrived. 
* Early 2004, Aros-Exec opened. 
* Early 2005, Aros Max bootable CD arrived. 
* Late 2005, SFS filesystem ported and allowed fast access to apps and network support arrived 
* Early 2007, AROS.org underwent another graphics facelift. 
* Mid-2007, AROS changed to AROS Research Operating System after A.Inc. sued Hyperion with a trademark violation. 
* Late 2007, the hard disk installer added and VmwAROS (later called Icaros Desktop) distro launched. 
* Early 2009, Our first usable web browser (OWB)
* September 2010, first wireless support appears and AspireOS started as a distro 


* Early 2012, the first paper-cut bugfix and Fab's Odyssey Web Browser ported 
* Early 2017, work started on utilising the addition cores on modern CPUs starting with the 64bit x86 PC version  
* Mid-2017, m68k port optimized for the Vampire 2 / Apollo accelerators (68080 AMMX FPGA) 
* 2018 The old AROS Exec website closed and a new one opened 
* 2019 AROS One x86 32bit distribution started and now with USB install version 
* Early 2021, backport of more features of 32bit PC ABIv1 into 32bit PC ABIv0 (Aros One 1.5 and above) 
* 2025 year of 64bit pc builds and porting 32bit applications to 64bit ABIv11
* 2026 update of [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6FKTL068ULM&amp;pp=ygUPYXJvcyBhbWlnYSAyMDI2 nvidia nouveau driver for 64bit PC] 


===Bounties===

To help inspire developers with both ideas and monetary incentives, rewards are offered for the successful completion of &quot;bounties&quot; (requests for missing/new functionality) chosen by the community and handled by [http://power2people.org power2people] (formerly done by TeamAROS). A monthly option is [http://www.power2people.org/funds/aros/ here].


Future goals for AROS include expanding its underlying retargetability to support even more diverse architectures, provide memory protection features and user level file security, SMP and many other wonderful features missing from AmigaOS &amp;mdash; while still providing as much source level compatibility as is possible (however it is accepted that to achieve some goals code certain things may require a little recoding).


[http://www.ohloh.net/p/aros/contributors Developers] come and go as with any open source effort and we would like to thank them for their efforts... 

;1996-2000:In DigullaA (coordinator), GripJ, TempletonI (BSD), SchulzM, RittauS, voordenDagL, HolmM, JohanssonT, VanIngelgomH, SteigerwaldM, BortasP, deJongK, AlfredssonJ, InnocentiB, 

;2001-2005:In [http://chodorowski.com/adam/aros.html ChodorowskiA], StegerG, BergerS, HeutlingS, AlemagnaF (gcc), VerhaegenS (rexx), KielH, MatheussenKS (CAMD), SzczygielskiP, ErikssonP, LeCorfecD (Zune), BauerS (Zune), FurlongW, GustafssonJ, AndrewsN, CafferkeyN, GierichM (jpeg), PattonJ, ParsonsM, DietrichJ, SeilerT, BischoffL, LorentzenNH, AdamO, BerglundH, SmithP, HolmenD, BlomM, 

;2006-2010:In FedinP, RusslerM, SzymczykS (owb), SmiechowiczK (openGL), WeissM, NorrisR, BrunnerO, WiszkowskiT, GreppinA, [http://www.fukt.bsnet.se/~bearsoft/ Bearsoft Björn Screwelius], ErbY, CharletF, HodgesC, [http://aros-exec.org/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?topic_id=4819&amp;forum=18&amp;post_id=43103#forumpost43103 HokstadV], McMullanJ (m68k), WilenT (m68k), 

;2011- :In MuijzenbergPHvanden, ALB42, JonesEM, weiju, DizzyofCRN, wawa, miker, 


* 1996 - The linux hosted version for i386 was the first to arrive 
* 1998 - i386, The native version for i386-based PC AT computers and compatibles.
* 2004 - x86/64, The native version for 64-bit (x86_64, amd64) PC computers.
* 2008 - sam440/ppc, The native version for Sam440EP, Sam440EP Flex and Sam460ex computers.
* 2009 - efika, The native version for PowerPC Efika computers.
* 2010 - m68k, The native version for m68k Amigas or WinUAE
* 2013 - raspi/armfh, early native version for ARMv6 based Raspberry Pi computers.
* 2017 - x86/64bit smp 


Debugging capture serial debug at all (especially with sysdebug=all or --sysdebug=all) to see it displayed on screen 

* yes, usb -&gt; rs232 adapters can work most of the time, some of the cheapest ones are not fully compatible with all rs232 devices to capture to another device 
* you will need a null modem cable (or a null modem adapter usually female to female) in addition to the usb -&gt; rs232 adapter (usb adapter is a normal modem ie. the pins are not crossed over) 

Normal modem cable - straight connection DCE 
&lt;pre&gt;
Pin 2 -&gt; Pin 2  RXD
Pin 3 -&gt; Pin 3  TXD 
Pin 5 -&gt; Pin 5  GND
&lt;/pre&gt;

Null modem cable connections DTE 
&lt;pre&gt;
Pin 2 -&gt; Pin 3
Pin 3 -&gt; Pin 2
Pin 5 -&gt; Pin 5
&lt;/pre&gt;
(9pole SUB-D)


&lt;pre&gt;
serial  ser: (amiga/aros)  tty2 tty1USB0 (linux)  COM1 (windows)  (depends on the os being used) 
speed baud transfer rate 9600 38400     lower baud might be more successful 
data bits 8
stop bits 1
parity none
handshaking flow control - none xon/xoff (most likely)  rts/cts  dsr/dtr (pins not connected so should not work) 
&lt;/pre&gt;


*You cannot use compiled aros X86-64 bit software (when ready) on aros X86 32bit. PPC compiled software on X86 and so on. 
*68k is tested with the UAE emulator (WinUAE) but some tests are done on native 68000 based Amigas and others. 
*PPC support is very limited to certain devices. 


If you use the WBStartup, you have to delete the other icons in the folder (readme etc..) and you have to add in the Icon Tooltype the parameter DONOTWAIT

If you use user-startup instead, you need to add the attached command &quot;after assignment to LUA&quot;
C:WBRun DH1:Extras/Utility/WeatherBar/WeatherBar &gt;NIL:
Change the command to match your WeatherBar path.

&lt;pre&gt;
PATH sys:Utilities/WeatherBar ADD
run &gt;nil: lua:amilua weatherforecast.lua
&lt;/pre&gt;

To enter data your Country or City, ist with city_id numbers can be found [http://bulk.openweathermap.org/sample/city.list.json.gz here] or you need to go to [https://www.bbc.com/weather BBC Weather], once you type the name of your city or town in the appropriate tab, and press enter, the 7 numbers to be added in the &quot;WeatherBar&quot; will appear on the Browser url address bar above 


Unicode v16.0 emojis are not supported but [https://github.com/jens-maus/libcodesets codesets.library] provides 

&lt;pre&gt;
internally supported (hardcoded) charsets/codesets are: (conversions are possible from and to each codeset):

    AmigaPL – Polish (Amiga)
    Amiga-1251 – Cyrillic (Amiga)
    ISO-8859-1 – Western European
    ISO-8859-1+Euro – West European (with EURO)
    ISO-8859-2 – Central/East European
    ISO-8859-3 – South European
    ISO-8859-4 – North European
    ISO-8859-5 – Slavic languages
    ISO-8859-9 – Turkish
    ISO-8859-15 – West European II
    ISO-8859-16 – South-Eastern European
    KOI8-R – Russian
    UTF-8 – Unicode

In addition, external charset table files can be stored in LIBS:Charsets or loaded by an application from PROGDIR:Charsets. The charset files included with this distributions are:

    IBM866 – Cyrillic (cp866)
    ISO-8859-7 – Greek (LatinGreek)
    ISO-8859-10 – Nordic (Latin 6)
    windows-1250 – Central/East Europe (Windows)
    windows-1251 – Cyrillic (Windows)
    windows-1252 – West European (Windows)
&lt;/pre&gt;


Icaros 2.3 USB image needs a header stripped so it can work correctly 
 dd bs=512 skip=1 status=progress if=icaros_light_2-3-0_pendrive.bin of=/dev/sdxy &amp;&amp; sync


Scalos 
&lt;pre&gt;
-------------------------------
{ &quot;STRING&quot;,		&quot;ID/K,TEXT/K,SRC/K,TEXTPEN/K,HALIGN/K,STYLE/K,FONT/K,VALIGN/K&quot;,

HALIGN		LEFT | CENTER | RIGHT

VALIGN		TOP | CENTER | BOTTOM

STYLE		NORMAL | BOLD | ITALIC | BOLDITALIC

FONT		// font specification - format: &quot;fontname.font/size&quot;

-------------------------------
arguments for STRING SRC

&quot;diskstate&quot;,		
&quot;diskusage&quot;,		
&quot;diskusagefree&quot;,	
&quot;diskusageinuse&quot;,	
&quot;diskusagepercent&quot;,	
&quot;fibfilename&quot;,	
&quot;filecomment&quot;,	
&quot;filedate&quot;,		
&quot;fileprotection&quot;,	
&quot;filesize&quot;,		
&quot;filetime&quot;,		
&quot;filetypestring&quot;,	
&quot;iconname&quot;,		
&quot;linktarget&quot;,		
&quot;plugin&quot;	pluginname &lt;optional plugin arguments&gt;
&quot;versionstring&quot;,	
&quot;volumecreateddate&quot;,	
&quot;volumecreatedtime&quot;,	
&quot;volumeordevicename&quot;,	

-------------------------------

arguments for HIDE

&quot;novolumenode&quot;,	
&quot;isempty&quot; (some STRING)	

-------------------------------

all internal commands:

&quot;about&quot;,		
&quot;backdrop&quot;,		
&quot;cleanup&quot;,		
&quot;cleanupbyname&quot;,	
&quot;cleanupbydate&quot;,	
&quot;cleanupbysize&quot;,	
&quot;cleanupbytype&quot;,	
&quot;clearselection&quot;,	
&quot;clone&quot;,		
&quot;close&quot;,		
&quot;copy&quot;,		
&quot;cut&quot;,		
&quot;delete&quot;,		
&quot;emptytrashcan&quot;,	
&quot;executecommand&quot;,	
&quot;formatdisk&quot;,		
&quot;iconify&quot;,		
&quot;iconinfo&quot;,		
&quot;lastmsg&quot;,		
&quot;leaveout&quot;,		
&quot;makedir&quot;,		
&quot;open&quot;,		
&quot;parent&quot;,		
&quot;paste&quot;,		
&quot;putaway&quot;,		
&quot;quit&quot;,		
&quot;redraw&quot;,		
&quot;redrawall&quot;,		
&quot;rename&quot;,		
&quot;reset&quot;,		
&quot;selectall&quot;,		
&quot;showallfiles&quot;,	
&quot;showonlyicons&quot;,	
&quot;shutdown&quot;,		
&quot;sizetofit&quot;,		
&quot;snapshot&quot;,		
&quot;snapshotall&quot;,	
&quot;snapshotwindow&quot;,	
&quot;unsnapshot&quot;,		
&quot;update&quot;,		
&quot;updateall&quot;,		
&quot;viewbydate&quot;,		
&quot;viewbyicon&quot;,		
&quot;viewbysize&quot;,		
&quot;viewbytype&quot;,		
&quot;viewbytext&quot;,		
&lt;/pre&gt;


{{status|50%}}
{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>c520a40061hgnbe4mnsqqxqxqe89gk6</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>US History/Kennedy and Johnson</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>19360</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4680616</id>
      <parentid>4607913</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-07T04:17:53Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>CommonsDelinker</username>
        <id>49843</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Removing [[:c:File:Attack_near_Playa_Giron._April_19,_1961._-_panoramio.jpg|Attack_near_Playa_Giron._April_19,_1961._-_panoramio.jpg]], it has been deleted from Commons by [[:c:User:Abzeronow|Abzeronow]] because: per [[:c:Commons:Deletion requests/File:At</comment>
      <origin>4680616</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="47003" sha1="m7s11zsthyk1jwj1i4lvm9euve14jwe" xml:space="preserve">== President John F. Kennedy 1961-1963 ==
[[File:John F. Kennedy, White House color photo portrait.jpg|thumb|upright|President John F. Kennedy]]
John F. Kennedy was the 35th president of the United States. Of Irish descent, John was born May 29, 1917 in Brookline Massachusetts. John was married to Jacqueline Lee Kennedy. They had four children Arabella, Caroline, John Jr., and Patrick. President Kennedy took office January 20, 1961 and served till he was assassinated in November 22, 1963 by Lee Harvey Oswald. He was 46 when he was assassinated in Dallas, Texas. Kennedy is the only Catholic president we have ever had in the United States. President Kennedy was a Democratic and served in the United States House of Representatives before becoming President.
Graduating from Harvard in 1940, before becoming elected into the House of Representatives John Kennedy served in World War Two in the Navy. In 1943, when his PT boat was rammed and sunk by a Japanese destroyer, Kennedy, despite grave injuries, led the survivors through perilous waters to safety. After serving in the House of Representatives where he served three terms as a representative for Boston, Kennedy then became elected into the Senate in 1952. In 1955, while recuperating from a back operation, he wrote Profiles in Courage, which won the Pulitzer Prize in history. In 1956 Kennedy almost gained the Democratic nomination for Vice President, and four years later was a first-ballot nominee for President. Millions watched his television debates with the Republican candidate, Richard M. Nixon. Winning by a narrow margin in the popular vote.&lt;ref&gt;A People and A Nation Eight Edition&lt;/ref&gt;

Before President Kennedy left to fight in WWII he studied at Harvard University. He wrote a thesis in 1940 called Why England Slept which became a best seller. President Kennedy wrote again in 1956 and the piece was called Profiles in Courage which won the Pulitzer Prize.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Kennedy, John F(itzgerald), (29 May 1917 – 22 Nov 1963).&quot; The Crystal Reference Encyclopedia. West Chiltington: Crystal Semantics, 2005. Credo Reference. Web. 16 April 2011.&lt;/ref&gt;

===Kennedy and His Advisers===
As a Democrat, John F. Kennedy inherited the New Deal Commitment to America’s Social Welfare System. He generally cast liberal votes in line with the pro-labor sentiments of his low-income, blue collar constituents. Kennedy’s rhetoric and style captured the imagination of many Americans. Another attribute that made him more appealing was the fact that his advisers were mostly young and intellectual as well. Unfortunately though, Kennedy avoided controversial issues such as civil rights and the censure of Joseph McCarthy. 
From the beginning, Kennedy gave top priority to waging the Cold War. In the campaign he had criticized Eisenhower’s foreign policy as unimaginative, accusing him of missing chances to reduce the threat of nuclear war with the Soviet Union and of weakening America’s standing in the Third World. Kennedy’s advisers had one thing going for them, and that was confidence. Kennedy, along with his advisers were firm in the sense that they were going to change things, and by doing so, they developed a multi-million dollar Alliance for Progress in 1961 to spur economic development in Latin America. In that same year the Peace Corps was also created. Critics later dismissed the Alliance and Peace Corps as Cold War tools by which Kennedy sought to counter anti-Americanism and defeat communism in the developing world. The programs didn’t have those aims, but both were recognized as being born of genuine humanitarianism. &lt;ref&gt;Mary Beth Norton et al., “A People and A Nation: A History of the United States; The Tumultuous Sixties; 1960-1968,” ed. Mary Beth Norton et al. (Boston: Cengage Learning 2009).&lt;/ref&gt;
===Foreign Development===
Under the Kennedy Administration, the United States created several agencies dedicated to international development. After an Impromptu speech at the University of Michigan, President Kennedy created the [[w:Peace Corps|Peace Corps]] in 1961 by executive order to help assist those in developing nations.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=The Founding Moment |url=https://www.peacecorps.gov/about/history/founding-moment/ |website=www.peacecorps.gov |accessdate=25 September 2020 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; The Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 passed by Congress and spearheaded by President Kennedy created the [[w:United States Agency for International Development|United States Agency for International Development]] (USAID), which sought to assist developing countries.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=USAID History U.S. Agency for International Development |url=https://www.usaid.gov/who-we-are/usaid-history |website=www.usaid.gov |accessdate=25 September 2020 |language=en |date=7 May 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;

===Kennedy and Soviet-American Tensions===
[[File:John Kennedy, Nikita Khrushchev 1961.jpg|thumb|Kennedy meets with Khrushchev in Vienna.]]
Kennedy had little if any success in establishing relations with the Soviet Union. He met with Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev in Vienna in June 1961. The meeting went poorly with both leaders; due to the fact that they were disagreeing over the preconditions for peace and stability in the world. Consequently, the administration’s first year witnessed little movement on controlling the nuclear arms race of even getting a superpower ban on testing nuclear weapons in the atmosphere or underground. Instead, both superpowers continued testing and accelerated their arms production. In 1961, the U.S. military budget shot up 15%; by mid-1964, U.S. nuclear weapons had increased by 150%. Government advice to citizens was to build fallout shelters in their backyards and this only resulted in intensified public fear of devastating war. 
If war occurred, many believed it would be over the persistent problem of Berlin. In mid-1961, Khrushchev ratcheted up the tension by demanding an end to Western occupation of West Berlin and the reunification of East and West Germany. Kennedy stood his ground and remained committed to West Berlin and West Germany. In August the Soviets, at the urging of the East German Regime, erected a concrete and barbed wire barricade across the divided city to halt the exodus of East Germans into more prosperous and politically free West Berlin. 
The Berlin Wall inspired protests throughout the non-communist world, but Kennedy proclaimed that, “a wall is a hell of a lot better than a war.” The ugly barrier shut off the flow of refugees, and crisis passed. &lt;ref&gt;Mary Beth Norton et al., “A People and A Nation: A History of the United States; The Tumultuous Sixites:1960-1968,” ed. Mary Beth Norton et al. (Boston: Cengage Learning 2009).&lt;/ref&gt;

===The Bay of Pigs Invasion and the Cuban Missile Crisis===
On April 17, 1961, President John F. Kennedy launched an attack on Cuba, using 1,500 CIA-trained Cuban exiles. The exiles were to invade Cuba through the Bay of Pigs in southwestern Cuba. The forces made many mistakes, and at the last moment, Kennedy was advised not to send air support, and he did not. The invasion was a complete failure and within days, Cuban forces crushed the U.S. troops. Kennedy never trusted military or intelligence advice again, and the Soviet Union concluded that Kennedy was a weak leader. The invasion also angered many Latin-American nations.

In 1962, the Soviet Union was desperately behind the United States in the arms race. Soviet missiles were only powerful enough to be launched against Europe but U.S. missiles were capable of striking the entire Soviet Union (missiles were located in Turkey).  In late April 1962, Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev conceived the idea of placing intermediate-range missiles in Cuba. A deployment in Cuba would double the Soviet strategic arsenal and provide a real deterrent to a potential U.S. attack against the Soviet Union.

Meanwhile, Fidel Castro was looking for a way to defend his island nation from an attack by the U.S. Ever since the failed Bay of Pigs invasion, Castro felt a second attack was inevitable. Consequently, he approved of Khrushchev's plan to place missiles on the island. In the summer of 1962 the Soviet Union worked quickly and secretly to build its missile installations in Cuba.

[[File:Cuba Missiles Crisis U-2 photo.jpg|thumb|Annotated U-2 photograph of a Cuban missile site.]]
The crisis began on October 15, 1962 when U-2 reconnaissance photographs revealed Soviet missiles under construction in Cuba. The next morning, Kennedy was informed of the missile installations.  Immediately the executive committee (EX-COMM) made up of twelve of his most important advisers was formed to handle the crisis. After seven days of guarded and intense debate, EX-COMM concluded that it had to impose a naval quarantine around Cuba, which would prevent the arrival of more Soviet offensive weapons on the island.

On October 22, Kennedy announced the discovery of the missile installations to the public and his decision to quarantine the island. He also proclaimed that any nuclear missile launched from Cuba would be regarded as an attack on the United States by the Soviet Union and demanded that the Soviets remove all of their offensive weapons from Cuba. It was at this time that the United States had warships that were on the Caribbean Sea and also had B-52's that were ready to with nuclear bombs flying in the sky.&lt;ref&gt;A People and A Nation&lt;/ref&gt;

On the 25th Kennedy pulled the quarantine line back and raised military readiness to DEFCON 2.

On the 26th EX-COMM heard from Khrushchev in an impassioned letter. He proposed the removing of Soviet missiles and personnel if the U.S. would guarantee not to invade Cuba.

October 27 was the worst day of the crisis. A U-2 was shot down over Cuba and EX-COMM received a second letter from Khrushchev demanding the removal of U.S. missiles in Turkey in exchange for Soviet missiles in Cuba. Attorney General Robert Kennedy suggested ignoring the second letter and contacted Soviet Ambassador Anatoly Dobrynin to tell him of the U.S. agreement with the first.

Tensions finally began to ease on October 28 when Khrushchev announced that he would dismantle the installations and return the missiles to the Soviet Union, expressing his trust that the United States would not invade Cuba. Further negotiations were held to implement the October 28 agreement, including a United States demand that Soviet light bombers be removed from Cuba, and specifying the exact form and conditions of United States assurances not to invade Cuba.

===NASA===
NASA is a branch of the United States government, established by the [[w:National Aeronautics and Space Act|National Aeronautics and Space Act]] on July 29, 1958, during the Cold War, as a replacement of its predecessor, the [[w:National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics|National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics]] (NACA), as an instrument of geopolitics, responsible for the nation's civilian [[w:list of space agencies|space program]] and for aeronautics and aerospace research.

The USSR was ahead of the United States in the space race, in presence and technology.  After the launch of Sputnik and the success of Yuri Gagarin, America was behind in the Space Race. The United States would not allow this, and decided to implement their own space program. Eventually the United States became successful and landed two men on the moon. In May 1961, Alan Shepard Jr. became the first American to make a space flight. Kennedy lobbied for increased funding for space research. In an address to congress on May 25, 1961, Kennedy said, &quot;I believe that this nation should commit itself to achieving the goal, before this decade is out, of landing a man on the moon and returning him safely to the Earth. No single space project in this period will be more impressive to mankind, or more important for the long-range exploration of space; and none will be so difficult or expensive to accomplish.&quot;

NASA's first high-profile human spaceflight program was Project Mercury, an effort to learn if humans could survive the rigors of spaceflight. On May 5, 1961, Alan B. Shepard, Jr. became the first American to fly into space, when he rode his Mercury capsule on a 15-minute suborbital mission. He launched from Complex 5 at Cape Canaveral aboard a Redstone rocket. His Freedom 7 capsule reached an altitude of 116 miles during this suborbital flight and splashed down some 304 miles out into the Atlantic. The six flights in the Mercury program concluded with Gordon Cooper's launch on May 15, 1963. John H. Glenn, Jr. became the first U.S. astronaut to orbit the Earth on February 20, 1962. With six flights, Project Mercury achieved its goal of putting piloted spacecraft into Earth orbit and retrieving the astronauts safely.

August 12, 1961, NASA announced that it intends to expand the Cape Canaveral facilities for manned lunar flight and other missions requiring advanced Saturn and Nova boosters by acquiring 80,000 acres of land north and west of the Air Force Missile Test Center facilities at the Cape. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers was designated to act as real estate acquisition agent for NASA, and the Lands Division of the Justice Department was designated to handle the legal aspects.

July 1, 1962,  Dr. Kurt H. Debus was named director of the Launch Operations Center which later became the John F. Kennedy Space Center. Having supervised the development and construction of launch facilities at Cape Canaveral from 1952 to 1960 for the U.S. Army, he was the natural choice to direct the design, development and construction of NASA's Apollo/Saturn V facilities at KSC. He retired in November 1974, having been responsible for the launches conducted during the Mercury, Gemini, Apollo, and Skylab programs.

The American space race against the Soviets required a large amount of funding which then later brought jobs, new technology, science and general know how. America was in high pursuit to be the first country to reach the moon and failed, but the possibility of a manned mission made it possible to eclipse all the USSR achievements in space science. Billions of dollars were spent on hiring many research workers and engineers to be able to put a man on the moon. While directly the NASA program did not necessarily help the lower-class people find work, it permitted a generational leap and generated motivation for high level education that still is at the core of a leadership role it has in space science that includes many aspects from space law to telecommunications and armament, ultimately satisfying the reason for NASA's creation as a geopolitical tool.
&lt;gallery mode=&quot;packed&quot; heights=&quot;150px&quot;&gt;
File:Alan Shepard in capsule aboard Freedom 7 before launch2.jpg|Alan Shepard, the second person and the first American to enter space, just prior to launch.
File:Launch of Freedom 7 - GPN-2000-000859.jpg|Freedom 7 during the launch.
File:Kennedy, Johnson, and others watching flight of Astronaut Shepard on television, 05 May 1961.png|President Kennedy watches the flight of Alan Shepard on Television.
File:Mercury-Redstone 3 - Earth observation - S61-01918.jpg|Earth observation from Freedom 7
File:Recovery of Alan B. Shepard.jpg|The capsule containing Alan Shepard is recovered.
File:Shepard receives medal.jpg|President Kennedy meets Alan Shepard on May 8th, 1961.
&lt;/gallery&gt;

===American Tragedy===
[[File:JFK limousine.png|thumb|President Kennedy in Dallas, Texas]]
On November 22, 1963, President Kennedy was at a campaign rally in Dallas, Texas. Kennedy and his wife rode through the streets in an open car, turning into Dealy Plaza at Houston and Elm, and suddenly several shots rang out. Kennedy fell against his wife. The car sped to the nearest hospital, Parkland Memorial, but it was too late; the beloved President was dead. Tears ran down the cheeks of CBS anchorman Walter Cronkite as he told the nation their president was dead. The word spread quickly, in whispered messages to classroom teachers, by  somber announcements in factories and offices. The nation was stunned. Shortly after, while on Air Force One, Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson took the oath of office as President.

Although many &quot;conspiracy theories&quot; exist concerning this assassination, the rough consensus is that Kennedy's assailant, a young drifter and loner named Lee Harvey Oswald with left-wing sympathies, shot the President acting alone.
Lee Harvey Oswald was charged for the murders of Kennedy and J.D. Tippit, a Dallas police officer. Owsald was first spotted three miles from the plaza in which he was called to the squad car of officer Tippit, where he then panicked and shot Tippit four times. Oswald was later arrested forty minutes later in a near by theater, and just two days later Oswald was shot dead in full view of millions of TV viewers.  Kennedy was pronounced dead at 1 pm.

=== Hippies and Counterculture ===
Many of those who made up the New Left also made up the '''counterculture''', a movement that questioned basic American values and social customs. Parents found themselves increasingly disagreeing with their children. The counterculture was also expressed in pop culture, with many icons expressing the need for peace and reform.
&lt;gallery mode=&quot;packed&quot; heights=&quot;150px&quot;&gt;
File:Woodstock redmond stage.JPG|Woodstock was a major music festival held in 1969, and became an icon of the counterculture movement.
File:Woodstock redmond hair.JPG|Some Hippies at Woodstock.
File:TieDyeShirtMpegMan.jpg|A tye dye shirt, a popular clothing option for Hippies.
File:KFRC Fantasy Fair Dryden Balin Kantner.png|Musicians perform during the Summer of Love in 1967
File:Sharing a joint.jpg|Hippies in 1967 sharing a joint.
&lt;/gallery&gt;

==The Vietnam War==
===Kennedy on Vietnam===
Like Eisenhower, Kennedy had viewed Vietnam as a crucial battle in the fight against communism. He sent many special forces troops to South Vietnam to train South Vietnamese troops. Kennedy also put pressure on South Vietnamese leader Ngo Dinh Diem to make political and economic reforms that would prevent communism from taking root in South Vietnam. After Diem refused to comply and restricted the rights of Buddhists (the majority religion in South Vietnam), he lost support, and a political coup ensued. Diem was assassinated on November 1, 1963.

===Escalation===
In the month of February 1965, President Johnson ordered Operation Rolling Thunder to take place. It was ordered due to the Vietcong Attacks on American installations in South Vietnam which was responsible for the deaths of thirty-two Americans.  Operation Rolling Thunder was a bombing program that started in 1965 and continued on until October 1968.&lt;ref&gt;A People and A Nation&lt;/ref&gt; 

At the end of November, the United States had almost 15,000 troops in Vietnam as advisers. The U.S. sent the Secretary of Defense on a fact-finding mission to find if involvement was still needed in Vietnam. He concluded that the South Vietnamese could not hold off the Vietcong, or Vietnamese communists, without more American backing. In 1964, Johnson claimed that North Vietnamese patrol ships attacked American ships in the Gulf of Tonkin, and Congress passed the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution, which gave the President broad control over troops in Vietnam.

In 1965, Johnson gradually built up the involvement of America in Vietnam. At the end of 1965, about 180,000 troops were in Vietnam. By 1967, there were over 500,000. The U.S. also began a bombing campaign in North Vietnam, and by 1968, more bombs had been dropped than the U.S. had dropped in World War II.

The Vietnam War became “Americanized” and the troop increase and Operation Rolling Thunder played part in doing so. Instead of the war being a civil war between North and South Vietnam it ended up becoming an American war against the communist government in Vietnam.&lt;ref&gt;A People and A Nation&lt;/ref&gt; 

===Frustration===

As Americans fought the war, frustration mounted. Soldiers had to fight through dense jungles and muddy land. It also seemed that for every Vietcong or North Vietnamese killed, many more would be replacements. The bombing campaign in the North actually heightened the morale of the North Vietnamese rather than lowering it, and the United States' losses increased. By the end of the decade, many outraged American citizens angrily opposed and protested the war. Opposition to the war was growing in the capital, too. Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara no longer believed that the war could be won.

At home, protesters, especially college students, became increasingly bitter about the war. Others who tended to be older and more conservative, defended the war and sought to suppress the &quot;traitors.&quot;  This division between the young and the old became known as the '''generation gap'''. Officials at the University of California tried to limit recruiting efforts of protesters, and students were outraged. They held a protest that stopped the school for days. This type of protest spread across the nation, and many related ideas and activists became known collectively as the '''New Left'''.

Eventually, some adults came to resent the war. As adults began to disagree about the war more, they were called doves (those who wanted peace) and hawks (those who supported the war). Students also had a major gripe about the war: if the legal age to be drafted to go to war was eighteen, why was the legal voting age as high as twenty-one? Eventually, the twenty sixth amendment was passed in 1971, which met the demands of the students and lowered the legal voting age to 18.

Division in the country about the war became increasingly harsh and bitter. In October 1967, 50,000 people opposed to the war marched to the Pentagon in Washington D.C. to protest. Many students stuck flowers or other symbols of peace in the barrels of the guns held by those who guarded the pentagon. By the beginning of 1969, well over fifty percent of the nation opposed the war.

&lt;gallery mode=&quot;packed&quot; heights=&quot;150px&quot;&gt;
File:Ho chi minh trail.jpg|North Vietnamese transport goods on the Ho Chi Minh trail.
File:A-1E drops white phosphorus bomb 1966.jpg|White Phosphorous being dropped on a Viet Cong Position in 1966.
File:US riverboat using napalm in Vietnam.jpg|Riverboat shooting napalm
File:NARA 111-CCV-113-CC43675 9th Infantry Division soldiers in riverine operation on the My Tho River 1967.jpg|American troops wading through mud in Vietnam in 1967.
File:Bombing in Vietnam.jpg|Operation Rolling Thunder, 1966
File:NARA 111-CCV-529-CC38112 Ronald A. Payne checking tunnel entrance Operation Cedar Falls 1967.jpg|An American soldier prepares to check a tunnel, with a flashlight and a pistol.
File:My Tho, Vietnam. A Viet Cong base camp being. In the foreground is Private First Class Raymond Rumpa, St Paul, Minnesota - NARA - 530621 edit.jpg|A Viet Cong base is burned, 1968.
File:UH-1D helicopters in Vietnam 1966.jpg|The Vietnam war saw common use of Helicopters for transport.
File:Agent Orange Deformities (3786919757).jpg|Use of Agent Orange would cause birth defects and other issues long after the end of the war.
File:Dead woman from the My Lai massacre.jpg|The [[w:My Lai massacre|Mỹ Lai Massacre]] was a shocking event that saw American troops kill hundreds of civilians. Intervention by Hugh Thompson Jr. stopped it from getting even worse.
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Lyndon B. Johnson ==
Lyndon Baines Johnson (August 27, 1908 – January 22, 1973), often referred to as LBJ, was a US politician who served as the 36th president of the United States (1963-1969) after his service as the 37th vice president of the United States (1961-1963). He is one of four people who served in all four elected federal offices of the United States: representative, senator, vice president and president.
Johnson, a Democrat, served as a United States representative from Texas, from 1937–1949 and as United States senator from 1949–1961, including six years as United States Senate majority leader, two as Senate minority leader and two as Senate majority whip. After campaigning unsuccessfully for the Democratic nomination in 1960, Johnson was asked by John F. Kennedy to be his running mate for the 1960 presidential election.

===The &quot;Great Society&quot; and Civil Rights Under Lyndon B. Johnson===

In January 1964, the new President Johnson made a series of proposals which he called the &quot;Great Society&quot; and began a &quot;war on poverty.&quot; He signed many programs into law that helped Americans in poverty, that is, those who do not make enough money to survive. During this time two of the most important programs signed into law were Medicare and Medicaid. Medicare provided cheap health insurance to senior citizens and Medicaid provided health insurance for the poor.The War on Poverty made much difference to the poor people living in America. It helped change and improve the way poor people were living in homes as well as changing and improving the health care that was being offered to them.&lt;ref&gt;A People and A Nation Eighth Edition&lt;/ref&gt;   Cities and school also received boosts with the creation of the Department of Housing and Urban Development and the signing of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965.  

President Johnson's “Great Society” really helped change things in America during the 1960's. During his presidency Johnson took 45 domestic social programs and transformed that number to 435 programs. “The Great Society” was designed to help the people in America and it did just that; the poverty number in America changed from 22 percent of the population to 13 percent. &lt;ref&gt;&quot;Great Society.&quot; The American Economy: A Historical Encyclopedia. Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO, 2003. Credo Reference. Web. 16 April 2011.&lt;/ref&gt;

===Equal Rights===
[[File:Martin Luther King - March on Washington.jpg|thumb|Martin Luther King Jr. delivers his 1963 speech in Washington DC]]
Protests were growing in the 1960s. Blacks and whites in high schools and colleges in the South and the North staged sit-ins, protests that are accomplished by sitting down and not being productive or letting people pass. 

Another kind of protest was growing in the South. In 1961, groups of African Americans began riding buses from Washington D.C. that were bound for New Orleans to make sure that the Rosa Parks Supreme Court decision was being enforced. These bus riders were known as freedom riders. The rides went smoothly until the buses reached Alabama, where the freedom riders would be greeted with violence from angry whites. 

In the spring of 1963, the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) and Martin Luther King Jr. targeted Birmingham, Alabama for segregation protests. Birmingham, a city in the deep South, was a hotbed for racism and segregation. City police arrested hundreds of protesters, as well as King himself, but protests continued. National television showed snarling dogs being set on the unarmed protesters and children being washed away on the impact of the water from fire hoses. As the nation watched in horror, President Kennedy announced a civil rights bill that would outlaw segregation nationwide.

On August 28, 1963, nationwide support for the civil rights bill boiled over. Over 200,000 people of all races and colors came to Washington D.C. to participate in a massive march organized by the SCLC and Mr. King. There, on the steps of the Lincoln Memorial, King read the words that would become one of history's greatest speeches:

&quot; '''I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed: 'We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men are created equal.'...I have a dream that my four children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character...When we let freedom ring, when we let it ring from every village and every hamlet, from every state and every city, we will be able to speed up that day when all of God's children, black men and white men, Jews and Gentiles, Protestants and Catholics, will be able to join hands and sing...'Free at last! free at last! thank God Almighty, we are free at last!' '''&quot;

[[File:IhaveadreamMarines.jpg|thumb|upright|The crowd at Dr. Martin Luther King's I have a dream speech.]]
After Kennedy's death, Johnson, a firm believer in equal rights, promised that the bill would be signed into law. In the first July of Johnson's term, Congress passed the Civil Rights Act of 1964. The law made discrimination illegal against African Americans in employment, public accommodations, and voting. The act not only protected African Americans, but it also prohibited discrimination by sex, religion, and ethnicity. It was followed in 1965 with the Voting Rights Act. The Voting Rights Act eliminated poll tax which is the 24th Amendment to the constitution, and literacy tests, therefore helping not just blacks, but all Americans gain equal rights. A very big tragedy stood out during the sixties. On February 21, 1965, Malcolm X was killed.  Malcolm, who had to deal with watching his house burn to the ground as a child, later spoke out against the inequality against the blacks of this nation. He soon appealed to both black and white, as he continued to speak out against racial inequality. He continued to speak out until he was shot and killed, but no one knew who killed him, It may have possibly been the work of other black Muslims.

Martin Luther King Jr. was a very influential person during the sixties, maybe the most influential. He had preached on non-violent protest and had developed many followers, both black and white. He was put in jail several times, but managed to continue his preaching by writing a book. Martin Luther King Jr. was president of the Southern Christian Leadership Council. He and his followers organized numerous marches, rallies, and strikes to call attention to the systematic discrimination against minorities that was endemic in American society. His belief was in nonviolent confrontation with the authorities and a prodding of the conscience of the white majority to effect social change. He convinced President John F. Kennedy and later President Lyndon B. Johnson to push for legislation to end discrimination and was awarded the Nobel Peace prize in 1964. Although the deaths of Kennedy and Malcolm X were a huge deal, there was another huge tragedy in the sixties. On April 4, 1968, Martin Luther King Jr. was killed. He was shot on the balcony of his motel room that he was staying at in Memphis, Tennessee.

===The Nation of Islam===
The Nation of Islam (&quot;NOI&quot;) was founded in Detroit, Michigan, by Wallace D. Fard Muhammad in July 1930. He set out to improve the spiritual, mental, social, and economic condition of the Black men and women of America. From 1934-1975, the NOI was led by Elijah Muhammad, who established businesses, large real estate holdings, armed forces and schools.[1] the Nation of Islam made lasting effects on blacks in the 1950’s and beyond. Their outspoken activist, Malcolm X,became a prominent minister and leader in the NOI. Before his assassination in 1965, he had moved to non-separatism and orthodox Sunni Islam after his experience of having made Hajj to Mecca. The Nation of Islam, referred to as Black Muslims, took factors of orthodox Islam to form a new sect. Originally the Nation preached segregation and hate towards white people. They said that the white man was cursed for eternity by Allah. Malcolm X often suggested complete separation of blacks and whites and thought that blacks should have their own land to live on separate from all whites. Under Malcolm X’s leadership the Nation grew from 500 members to as many as 30,000 to over 100,000 members in the early 60’s. They converted many famous black figures, most notably Muhammad Ali. The Nation offered a much more radical and less subservient message to oppressed blacks than Martin Luther King, Jr. did. Malcolm X’s most infamous words were “By any means necessary.” Just as the Nation of Islam had risen with the help of Malcolm X, so did they fall. In 1963, when Malcolm X found out about the morality problems of his prophet and idol, Elijah Muhammad, they began to separate. Malcolm X took notice of Elijah’s sexual relations with as many as six females of the Nation, an act which the Koran directly forbids. After Malcolm X made a highly criticized statement about John Kennedy’s death, Elijah took his opportunity to silence X. After this Malcolm X converted to orthodox Islam and parted ties with the Nation of Islam, crippling the amount of influence the Nation had on the world.

===A Second Tragedy===
[[File:The Lorraine Motel, site of the Martin Luther King assassination and the National Civil Rights Museum..jpg|thumb|The Lorraine Motel, site of the assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr.]]
On the morning of April 4, 1968, King was preparing to lead a march from the balcony of a hotel when shots rang out. Friends inside rushed outside to find King shot in the jaw.  The shooter was a sniper. Martin Luther King, Jr. was pronounced dead a few hours later. The nation was in complete shock.  There were many riots that happened throughout the country.  There were at least 110 cities throughout the United States that had violence the following day.  The worst riots happened in Chicago, Baltimore, and Washington D.C.  This was the largest domestic civil disturbance that has happened in the United States.  About 22,000 federal troops and 34,000 national guards were sent out.&lt;ref&gt;http://www.jofreeman.com/photos/Kingfuneral.html&lt;/ref&gt; Shortly thereafter, rioting plagued America's streets as a profound sadness and anger gripped the nation. This would be one of many assassinations that would befall the country, including those of, Dr. Martin Luther King, Robert F. Kennedy, and Malcolm X.

Malcolm X was assassinated on February 21st, 1965 in Manhattans Audubon Ballroom.  It all started when a man ran up to Malcolm and shot him with a sawed off shotgun.  After that two other men charged Malcolm and shot him with pistols about sixteen times.  All three men were eventually caught and charged with murder.

===Pop Culture in the '60s===
[[File:Andy Warhol by Jack Mitchell.jpg|thumb|Andy Warhol became a leading figure in Pop Art during the 1960's]]
While wars were being fought over race and democracy, a group of people in America stayed relatively unaffected by it: the rich.  The 1960’s provided a peak in American culture with movies, music, art and literature.  Possibly the climax of pop culture in the 1960’s was author Truman Capote’s Black and White Masquerade Party.  

Truman Capote was a critically acclaimed author and good friend to all the stars and socialites of the time.  Capote kept enough friends to fill an entire phone book, and almost all of them were rich, famous, and intriguing.  In 1966, coming off the success of his book, In Cold Blood, about a Kansas murder, Capote decided to throw a masquerade party.  Capote planned the party for over a year and developed one of the most select and exclusive guest lists.  With everyone wanting an invitation, Capote only handed out 500 invites to guests.  Guests were not allowed to bring uninvited escorts, so only the “who’s who” of people were allowed to attend.  Many stars felt spurned when they did not receive invitations.

On November 28th, 1966 the ball took place.  The guest list included Frank Sinatra, Andy Warhol, and Norman Mailer.  The party was a complete success.  The publicity that the ball received before the event was somehow exceeded by the publicity it received after.  It was immediately declared the party of the century, and all the stars raved about it.  In the years that followed the ball Capote’s popularity disintegrated, and posthumously he is remembered as much for the Black and White Ball itself as he is his writing career.

===The Stonewall Riots===
[[File:Stonewall Inn New York 002.JPG|thumb|The Stonewall Inn in 2010.]]
Perhaps aided by the Civil Rights Movement, or at least motivated by it, the Gay Rights Movement largely got its start in the early 1970s.  The first sign of gay people fighting for their rights as human beings started with the Stonewall Riots of 1969.  In New York City, after a gay bar was raided by the police, over a thousand gay people took a stand and began to revolt against the police.  It is not clear how the riot first started.  According to a veteran gay activist, the incident just involved a lot of people who all got angry at the same time.  The cops went into the bars and asked everyone for their identification.  Many people were being pushed out of the bars and into a paddy wagon.  Not sure how it started, the stonewall riot worked like a domino effect.  However it started, it ignited many others to fight for their rights against the police.&lt;ref&gt;http://socialistalternative.org/literature/stonewall.html&lt;/ref&gt;  Like many racial humans, the gays would go around and chant “gay power” throughout the streets.&lt;ref&gt;http://socialistalternative.org/literature/stonewall.html&lt;/ref&gt;  Throwing rocks and bottles at the police officers, the crowd chanted for gay rights.  After news of the riot spread, riots began happening across the nation for three days.  The Stonewall Riots are known as one of the most significant moments at the start of the Gay Rights Movement.

===Paramedics===
The [[w:Freedom House Ambulance Service|Freedom House Ambulance Service]] was established in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania as one of the first modern Ambulance services in the Nation, and was staffed mostly by African American workers.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Edwards |first1=Matthew L. |title=Pittsburgh's Freedom House Ambulance Service: The Origins of Emergency Medical Services and the Politics of Race and Health |journal=Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences |date=1 October 2019 |volume=74 |issue=4 |pages=440–466 |doi=10.1093/jhmas/jrz041 |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31592527/ |accessdate=18 September 2020 |issn=1468-4373}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Freedom House: Documentary Tells the Story of the Nation’s First Paramedics—Trained by Pitt Physicians Pitt Chronicle University of Pittsburgh |url=https://www.chronicle.pitt.edu/story/freedom-house-documentary-tells-story-nation%E2%80%99s-first-paramedics%E2%80%94trained-pitt-physicians |website=www.chronicle.pitt.edu |accessdate=18 September 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; The 1970's and 1980's would see the modernization of Ambulance services nationwide.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=A Brief History of Emergency Medical Services in the United States |url=https://www.emra.org/about-emra/history/ems-history/ |website=www.emra.org |accessdate=18 September 2020 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

===Fact's and Figure in the '60s===

The sixties were an age of youth, as 70 million children from the baby boom became teenagers and young adults.  Trends shifted away from the conservative fifties and resulted in revolutionary ways of thinking and real changes in the cultural foundation of American life. Young people wanted change and the changes affected education, values, lifestyles, laws, and entertainment. All of the changes mentioned above were a major factor in the figures below.

* Population 177,830,000
* Unemployment 3,852,000
* National Debt 286.3 Billion
* Average Salary $4,743
* Teacher's Salary $5,174
* Minimum Wage $1.00
* Life Expectancy:  Males 66.6 years, Females 73.1 years
* Auto deaths 21.3 per 100,000

An estimated 850,000 &quot;war baby&quot; freshmen enter college; emergency living quarters are set up in dorm lounges, hotels and trailer camps.

In the 1960’s several music songs came into popularity like: “Cathy’s Clown,” “Spanish Harlem,” “Only the Lonely,” “Moon River,” “I Fall to Pieces,” “I Left My Heart in San Francisco,” “I Want to Hold Your Hand,” “Louie Louie,” “Hello Dolly,” “Satisfaction,” “Stop in the Name of Love,” “California Dreamin,” “Respect,” “Mrs. Robinson,” and “Aquarius/Let the Sunshine In.”


Also, as times advanced throughout the 1960’s so did technology and numerous TV Shows: The Super Bowls, Star Trek, Rowan and Martin’s Laugh-In, Sesame Street (premieres on PBS in 1969), The Smothers Brothers, and The Dick Van Dyke Show.


In the 1960s in the post war era automobiles production was increased a great deal. Of the cars that were produced among the most popular during the decade: Volkswagen bug, ’64 Ford Mustang, ’63 Corvette Sting Ray, Chevy Bel Air, ’64 Plymouth Barracuda, and ‘64 Pontiac GTO.


Also, during the 1960’s the society as a whole had a very free spirit way of thinking, and several fads broke in that included: face painting, wearing flowers in one’s hair, the Twist (hair-do), the jerk (dance), lava lamps, waterbeds, Day-Glo and black light, posters, and flashing the peace sign.

== Elections of the 1960s ==
===1960===
The presidential election of 1960 featured a race of John F. Kennedy (Democrat) vs. Richard M. Nixon (Republican). Both candidates had similar political stances in believing they wanted a strong military front and both supported funding numerous welfare programs for the poor. Kennedy promised to lead Americans to a New Frontier. Kennedy ultimately won the election over Nixon by a narrow margin of electoral votes 303 to 219.
===1964===
[[File:1964election-night LBJ (cropped1).jpg|thumb|LBJ on election night 1964.]]
The presidential election of 1964 featured a race of Lyndon B. Johnson (Democrat) and Barry Goldwater (Arizona). Goldwater's brand of politics scared many Americans. He opposed civil rights, legislation, wanted to make Social Security voluntary, and proposed deep cuts in social programs. Furthermore, Goldwater made a comment that suggested he was willing to use nuclear weapons to win Vietnam, which Johnson made a very successful campaign ad in response to.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=President Lyndon B. Johnson and the 'Daisy Girl' nuclear war commercial |url=https://thebulletin.org/virtual-tour/president-lyndon-b-johnson-and-the-daisy-girl-nuclear-war-commercial/ |website=Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists |accessdate=18 September 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; The Ad, known as &quot;Daisy&quot; featured President Johnson pleading for a more peaceful approach.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=Fox |first1=Margalit |title=Tony Schwartz, Father of ‘Daisy Ad’ for the Johnson Campaign, Dies at 84 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/06/17/business/media/17schwartz-tony.html |accessdate=18 September 2020 |work=The New York Times |date=17 June 2008}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
{{quote|text=These are the stakes. To make a world in which all of God's children can live, or to go into the dark. We must either love each other, or we must die.|sign=Lyndon B. Johnson|source=[[w:Daisy (advertisement)|Daisy]]}}
Johnson's slogan for the campaign was &quot;All the way with LBJ.&quot; Johnson won in a landslide of votes 486-52.

== The Women's Movement ==

In the year 1963, Betty Friedan fueled the fire for women's rights when she wrote her book called &quot;The Feminine Mystique.&quot; This book became unexpectedly popular among women. Friedan decided to tackle the problem that she called &quot;the problem with no name.&quot; This problem was the lack of education that middle-class wives and mothers received. These women looked at their homes and their lives and wondered if that was all life had to offer. Women across the country became more and more dissatisfied with their stay-at-home life. Friedan's approach was different than the typical argument for a women's movement, however, because she blamed the women for being unable to adjust to their role in the home rather than blaming society for creating that role for women.

The women's movement began an organized liberal group in 1966 called National Organization for Women, also known as NOW. This group was mainly comprised of educated and professional women. Since the EEOC was more focused on racial rights and discrimination, they did not pay much attention to gender discrimination. Because the rights of women were being ignored, NOW made it one of their main purposes to pressure the EEOC into hearing them out and enforcing their rights that were given to them in the 1964 Civil Rights Act. Unfortunately, the EEOC basically considered NOW and the idea of women's rights to be a joke and even went as far as laughing at the idea when asked about it by a reporter. This made women in the work force that had to deal with discrimination, very angry. By 1970, NOW had more than 3,000 members across the nation. 

Women at this time craved social change and justice and became more radical. More and more women were noticing and getting fed up with being treated as second-class citizens. These women began to look beyond the roles that they were being forced into and looked at the roles that they willingly put themselves into. In 1968, a large group of women went to protest the Miss America Pageant that was being held in Atlantic City.  These women were against “degrading mindless-boob girlie symbol” that the beauty pageant represents and promotes. The women would take “enslavement” items such as: girdles, bras, high heels, and curlers, into the “Freedom Trashcan.” Even though nothing was actually burned, feminists of this time were consequently received the demeaning nickname “bra-burners.” 

The women who firmly believed in feminism and fought for women’s rights never really had a firm set of beliefs and many times used arguments on the opposite side of the board. On one side they argued that women were more sensitive than men and that this sensitivity would greatly improve every aspect of America including foreign diplomacy, government, businesses, and alike. They argued that men could not bring this quality to the table. However, on the other side, women argued that women and men were equal and therefore deserved equal treatment and that socially imposed roles were unfair. Charlotte Bunch, a feminist author, writes that “there is no private domain of a person’s life that is not political, and there is no political issue that is not ultimately personal.” They called this “personal politics” and many radical feminists jumped onboard with this idea very quickly. Women began “consciousness-raising” groups in order to discuss the fact that in their everyday lives, at work, and in the home, they were subordinated by men and how they lived in a highly patriarchal society. Women all across the country began these groups everywhere, in college dorms, churches, and suburban kitchens to discuss the topics of male dominance in work, healthcare, romance, marriage, sexuality, abortion, and family. &lt;ref&gt;Mary Beth Norton, et al, &quot;A People and A Nation:Eighth Edition&quot;, 901-902&lt;/ref&gt;

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{chapnav|Eisenhower Civil Rights Fifties|Nixon and Indochina}}
{{status|100%}}
{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>m7s11zsthyk1jwj1i4lvm9euve14jwe</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Fortran/Hello world</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>22284</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4680419</id>
      <parentid>4666120</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T14:43:39Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-58878-78</username>
        <id>3630614</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4680419</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4066" sha1="d1kg35bndx06tajjy81zy1b0le91gxb" xml:space="preserve">{{nav}}

{{TOCright}}
== Simple Fortran program ==

Below is a simple Fortran program. You can paste this into a text editor (such as [[w:GNU Emacs|Emacs]] or [[w:Vim (text editor)|Vim]]). Source code must be in a plain text file, so don't use a word processor (such as Microsoft Word), because its native format is usually not plain text, or otherwise contains special formatting data. Give the file a name such as '''hello.f90'''. The filename extension '''.f90''' is conventionally used for modern Fortran source code. Other common Fortran file extensions are '''.f''', '''.FOR''', '''.for''', '''.f77''', '''.f90''' and '''.f95''', which can denote the use of old or specific Fortran standards.  You may also use '''.F''', '''.fpp''' and '''.FPP''' for files that support [[Fortran/Preprocessed Files|Preprocessing]].

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;fortran&quot;&gt;
program hello
    print *, &quot;Hello World!&quot;
end program 
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
Because Fortran is case insensitive, one could just as easily write the first 'hello' program as:&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;fortran&quot;&gt;
Program Hello
    Print *, &quot;Hello World!&quot;
End Program 
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

The only case sensitive part of this program is what contained in the quotation marks of the print statement. (&quot;Hello World!&quot;)

==Compiling==

=== Unix ===

There are several Fortran compilers available for Unix. Among the most popular are:

* GNU Fortran compiler from the [[w:GNU Compiler Collection|GCC]], which is a fork of G95. Invocation:&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;bash&quot;&gt;
gfortran -o hello hello.f90
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;Note: the GNU Fortran compiler uses the FORTRAN 77 standard by default, so the input file must have the &lt;code&gt;.f90&lt;/code&gt; (or of later standard) suffix, so that the compiler can guess the desired standard automatically. Alternatively you can supply the &lt;code&gt;-ffree-form&lt;/code&gt; option with the usual &lt;code&gt;.f&lt;/code&gt; suffix to enable free-form format instead of the fixed-form format used by the FORTRAN 77 standard.
*Fortran 95 optimizing compiler from [[w:Oracle Solaris Studio|Oracle Solaris Studio]]. Invocation:&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;bash&quot;&gt;
f95 -o hello hello.f90
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
Once the program is compiled and linked, you may execute it:
&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;bash&quot;&gt;
./hello
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

=== Windows ===

On Windows, you will need to install a compiler. You may also want to install an [[w:Integrated development environment|IDE]] for that compiler, which acts as an editor and allows you to compile the program more easily.

When you have a [[w:compiler|compiler]], open a command prompt (MS-DOS prompt). This looks like
&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;dos&quot;&gt;
 C:\&gt;
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
or something similar. At the prompt, you need to move into the folder containing the .f90 file. Then, to compile, type
&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;dos&quot;&gt;
 f95 hello.f90 -o hello.exe
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
This assumes the compiler is called &quot;f95&quot;. The Intel compiler is typically &quot;ifort&quot;. You may need to specify where this is, for example if it's in Program Files\Compiler, use:
&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;dos&quot;&gt;
 &quot;C:\Program Files\Compiler\f95&quot; hello.f90 -o hello.exe
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

Alternatively, you could install a text editor with support for Fortran compilers. Such as SciTE [http://www.scintilla.org/SciTE.html]
The above commands produce an executable called '''hello.exe''' - to run this, just type
&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;dos&quot;&gt;
 hello
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
at the command prompt.

=== OpenVMS ===

On VMS you will need the DEC Fortran90 compiler installed and licenses loaded. This is available as part of the hobbyist project. These commands work for Fortran on both Alpha and VAX.

To compile, type the following at the DCL prompt:

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;bash&quot;&gt;
$ FORTRAN HELLO.F
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

To link the file to the Run-Time Lib (RTL) type the following:

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;bash&quot;&gt;
$ LINK HELLO.OBJ
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

To Run the executable image, type the following:

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;bash&quot;&gt;
$ RUN HELLO.EXE
Hello World!
$
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

Enjoy all that VMS and Fortran offers.

{{Status|100%}}</text>
      <sha1>d1kg35bndx06tajjy81zy1b0le91gxb</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>FHSST Physics/Forces/Definition</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>24594</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4680443</id>
      <parentid>3233159</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T16:10:11Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-59225-07</username>
        <id>3630623</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4680443</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1890" sha1="h7x4ahzw1o5h21p7nvm4izdg1ixg676" xml:space="preserve">{{FHSST_Physics/Forces}}

= What is a force? =
{{wikipedia|Force}}
The simplest way to describe force is to say that it is a `push' or a `pull'. The push or pull on an object may cause either deformation or may change the state of motion of the object under consideration. The harder you 'push' or 'pull', the more force you are applying.

Therefore, we can define force as a physical quantity that interacts with matter to perform a task


If we leave aside the deformation aspects, then force can be considered to produce change in the state of the motion of the object i.e. velocity. We have, though, experienced in real life that a 'push' or 'pull' does not always manifest in the change of motion. The reason is simple. A change in the state of motion requires a net force. For example, if the force is great enough to overcome friction
the object being pushed or pulled will move. So long as the forces on an object are balanced (i.e. net force is zero), the state of motion described by &quot;velocity&quot; will remain same.

In fact, the acceleration of a body is directly proportional to the ''net'' force acting on it. The word ''net'' is important- forces are vectors and
what matters in any situation is the vector sum of all the forces acting on an object.

The unit of force is the newton (symbol N)

|Force was first described by Archimedes. Archimedes of Syracuse (circa 287 BC - 212 BC), was a Greek mathematician, astronomer, philosopher, physicist and engineer. He was killed by a Roman soldier during the sack of the city, despite orders from the Roman general, Marcellus, that he was not to be harmed.

                       EQUILIBRIUM OF FORCES.
DEFINITION-The Equilibrium of forces is the single fore required to produce an equilibrium
When only three forces act on an object this closed figure is a triangle. This leads to the triangles law for three forces in equilibrium.</text>
      <sha1>h7x4ahzw1o5h21p7nvm4izdg1ixg676</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4680444</id>
      <parentid>4680443</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T16:10:34Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-59225-07</username>
        <id>3630623</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4680444</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1895" sha1="hkkhchxxfyzpdt6diq6xpo69axz2tqb" xml:space="preserve">{{FHSST_Physics/Forces}}

= What is a force? =
{{wikipedia|Force}}
The simplest way to describe force is to say that it is a `push' or a `pull'. The push or pull on an object may cause either deformation or may change the state of motion of the object under consideration. The harder you 'push' or 'pull', the more force you are applying.

Therefore, we can define ''force as a physical quantity that interacts with matter to perform a task ''


If we leave aside the deformation aspects, then force can be considered to produce change in the state of the motion of the object i.e. velocity. We have, though, experienced in real life that a 'push' or 'pull' does not always manifest in the change of motion. The reason is simple. A change in the state of motion requires a net force. For example, if the force is great enough to overcome friction
the object being pushed or pulled will move. So long as the forces on an object are balanced (i.e. net force is zero), the state of motion described by &quot;velocity&quot; will remain same.

In fact, the acceleration of a body is directly proportional to the ''net'' force acting on it. The word ''net'' is important- forces are vectors and
what matters in any situation is the vector sum of all the forces acting on an object.

The unit of force is the newton (symbol N)

|Force was first described by Archimedes. Archimedes of Syracuse (circa 287 BC - 212 BC), was a Greek mathematician, astronomer, philosopher, physicist and engineer. He was killed by a Roman soldier during the sack of the city, despite orders from the Roman general, Marcellus, that he was not to be harmed.

                       EQUILIBRIUM OF FORCES.
DEFINITION-The Equilibrium of forces is the single fore required to produce an equilibrium
When only three forces act on an object this closed figure is a triangle. This leads to the triangles law for three forces in equilibrium.</text>
      <sha1>hkkhchxxfyzpdt6diq6xpo69axz2tqb</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4680445</id>
      <parentid>4680444</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T16:13:09Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-59225-07</username>
        <id>3630623</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* What is a force? */</comment>
      <origin>4680445</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2103" sha1="2d6uhraf1hf4ypccqu8u8enjkgh7roy" xml:space="preserve">{{FHSST_Physics/Forces}}

= What is a force? =
{{wikipedia|Force}}
The simplest way to describe force is to say that it is a `push' or a `pull'. The push or pull on an object may cause either deformation or may change the state of motion of the object under consideration. The harder you 'push' or 'pull', the more force you are applying.

Therefore, we can define ''force as a physical quantity that interacts with matter to perform a task ''

According to Newton second law, Force can be calculated as
: &lt;math&gt;F = m a&lt;/math&gt;
Where
: F denotes Force measured in Newton (N) hay (Kg m/s&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;)
: a denotes acceleration measures in m/s&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;


If we leave aside the deformation aspects, then force can be considered to produce change in the state of the motion of the object i.e. velocity. We have, though, experienced in real life that a 'push' or 'pull' does not always manifest in the change of motion. The reason is simple. A change in the state of motion requires a net force. For example, if the force is great enough to overcome friction
the object being pushed or pulled will move. So long as the forces on an object are balanced (i.e. net force is zero), the state of motion described by &quot;velocity&quot; will remain same.

In fact, the acceleration of a body is directly proportional to the ''net'' force acting on it. The word ''net'' is important- forces are vectors and
what matters in any situation is the vector sum of all the forces acting on an object.

The unit of force is the newton (symbol N)

|Force was first described by Archimedes. Archimedes of Syracuse (circa 287 BC - 212 BC), was a Greek mathematician, astronomer, philosopher, physicist and engineer. He was killed by a Roman soldier during the sack of the city, despite orders from the Roman general, Marcellus, that he was not to be harmed.

                       EQUILIBRIUM OF FORCES.
DEFINITION-The Equilibrium of forces is the single fore required to produce an equilibrium
When only three forces act on an object this closed figure is a triangle. This leads to the triangles law for three forces in equilibrium.</text>
      <sha1>2d6uhraf1hf4ypccqu8u8enjkgh7roy</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Unicode/Character reference</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>77318</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4680631</id>
      <parentid>4680243</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-07T07:59:43Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ILYA125467</username>
        <id>3627024</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Removed an extra row and 19.0 target → 20.0 target. I don't think any more provisionally assigned characters will get targeted for 19.0.</comment>
      <origin>4680631</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="12361" sha1="drp6exrmqu275gujga9pg23rtpwbyyg" xml:space="preserve">{{Unicode page}}
{|
|- style=&quot;vertical-align:middle&quot;
|
{| cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;border:1px solid #ced8df;margin:0 0 0 1.5em; white-space:nowrap;text-align:center&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot;
|-style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ccf;{{Text default color}};&quot; colspan=&quot;14&quot;|[[Unicode/Character reference|Unicode characters]]
|-style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;
!colspan=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;background:#efefef;{{Text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|Basic Multilingual Plane|BMP}}
!colspan=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;background:#ffdead;{{Text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|Supplementary Multilingual Plane|SMP}}
!colspan=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;background:#efefef;{{Text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|Supplementary Ideographic Plane|SIP}}
!colspan=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;background:#ffdead;{{Text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|Tertiary Ideographic Plane|TIP}}
!colspan=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;background:#efefef;{{Text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|Supplement­ary Special-purpose Plane|SSP}}
!colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background:#ffdead;{{Text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|Private Use Area|PUA}}
|-style=&quot;font-size:83%;text-align:center&quot;
|style=&quot;width:8.3%&quot;|[[Unicode/Character reference/0000-0FFF|0000–0FFF]]
|style=&quot;width:8.3%&quot;|[[Unicode/Character reference/10000-10FFF|10000–10FFF]]
|style=&quot;width:8.3%&quot;|[[Unicode/Character reference/20000-20FFF|20000–20FFF]]
|style=&quot;width:8.3%&quot;|[[Unicode/Character reference/30000-30FFF|30000–30FFF]]
|style=&quot;width:8.3%&quot;|[[Unicode/Character reference/E0000-E0FFF|E0000–E0FFF]]
|style=&quot;width:8.3%&quot;|[[Unicode/Character reference/F0000-F0FFF|F0000–F0FFF]]
|style=&quot;width:8.3%&quot;|[[Unicode/Character reference/100000-100FFF|100000–100FFF]]
|-style=&quot;font-size:83%;text-align:center&quot;
|[[Unicode/Character reference/1000-1FFF|1000–1FFF]]
|[[Unicode/Character reference/11000-11FFF|11000–11FFF]]
|[[Unicode/Character reference/21000-21FFF|21000–21FFF]]
|[[Unicode/Character reference/31000-31FFF|31000–31FFF]]
|[[Unicode/Character reference/E1000-E1FFF|E1000–E1FFF]]
|[[Unicode/Character reference/F1000-F1FFF|F1000–F1FFF]]
|[[Unicode/Character reference/101000-101FFF|101000–101FFF]]
|-style=&quot;font-size:83%;text-align:center&quot;
|[[Unicode/Character reference/2000-2FFF|2000–2FFF]]
|[[Unicode/Character reference/12000-12FFF|12000–12FFF]]
|[[Unicode/Character reference/22000-22FFF|22000–22FFF]]
|[[Unicode/Character reference/32000-32FFF|32000–32FFF]]
|[[Unicode/Character reference/E2000-E2FFF|E2000–E2FFF]]
|[[Unicode/Character reference/F2000-F2FFF|F2000–F2FFF]]
|[[Unicode/Character reference/102000-102FFF|102000–102FFF]]
|-style=&quot;font-size:83%;text-align:center&quot;
|[[Unicode/Character reference/3000-3FFF|3000–3FFF]]
|[[Unicode/Character reference/13000-13FFF|13000–13FFF]]
|[[Unicode/Character reference/23000-23FFF|23000–23FFF]]
|[[Unicode/Character reference/33000-33FFF|33000–33FFF]]
|[[Unicode/Character reference/E3000-E3FFF|E3000–E3FFF]]
|[[Unicode/Character reference/F3000-F3FFF|F3000–F3FFF]]
|[[Unicode/Character reference/103000-103FFF|103000–103FFF]]
|-style=&quot;font-size:83%;text-align:center&quot;
|[[Unicode/Character reference/4000-4FFF|4000–4FFF]]
|[[Unicode/Character reference/14000-14FFF|14000–14FFF]]
|[[Unicode/Character reference/24000-24FFF|24000–24FFF]]
|[[Unicode/Character reference/34000-34FFF|34000–34FFF]]
|[[Unicode/Character reference/E4000-E4FFF|E4000–E4FFF]]
|[[Unicode/Character reference/F4000-F4FFF|F4000–F4FFF]]
|[[Unicode/Character reference/104000-104FFF|104000–104FFF]]
|-style=&quot;font-size:83%;text-align:center&quot;
|[[Unicode/Character reference/5000-5FFF|5000–5FFF]]
|[[Unicode/Character reference/15000-15FFF|15000–15FFF]]
|[[Unicode/Character reference/25000-25FFF|25000–25FFF]]
|[[Unicode/Character reference/35000-35FFF|35000–35FFF]]
|[[Unicode/Character reference/E5000-E5FFF|E5000–E5FFF]]
|[[Unicode/Character reference/F5000-F5FFF|F5000–F5FFF]]
|[[Unicode/Character reference/105000-105FFF|105000–105FFF]]
|-style=&quot;font-size:83%;text-align:center&quot;
|[[Unicode/Character reference/6000-6FFF|6000–6FFF]]
|[[Unicode/Character reference/16000-16FFF|16000–16FFF]]
|[[Unicode/Character reference/26000-26FFF|26000–26FFF]]
|[[Unicode/Character reference/36000-36FFF|36000–36FFF]]
|[[Unicode/Character reference/E6000-E6FFF|E6000–E6FFF]]
|[[Unicode/Character reference/F6000-F6FFF|F6000–F6FFF]]
|[[Unicode/Character reference/106000-106FFF|106000–106FFF]]
|-style=&quot;font-size:83%;text-align:center&quot;
|[[Unicode/Character reference/7000-7FFF|7000–7FFF]]
|[[Unicode/Character reference/17000-17FFF|17000–17FFF]]
|[[Unicode/Character reference/27000-27FFF|27000–27FFF]]
|[[Unicode/Character reference/37000-37FFF|37000–37FFF]]
|[[Unicode/Character reference/E7000-E7FFF|E7000–E7FFF]]
|[[Unicode/Character reference/F7000-F7FFF|F7000–F7FFF]]
|[[Unicode/Character reference/107000-107FFF|107000–107FFF]]
|-style=&quot;font-size:83%;text-align:center&quot;
|[[Unicode/Character reference/8000-8FFF|8000–8FFF]]
|[[Unicode/Character reference/18000-18FFF|18000–18FFF]]
|[[Unicode/Character reference/28000-28FFF|28000–28FFF]]
|[[Unicode/Character reference/38000-38FFF|38000–38FFF]]
|[[Unicode/Character reference/E8000-E8FFF|E8000–E8FFF]]
|[[Unicode/Character reference/F8000-F8FFF|F8000–F8FFF]]
|[[Unicode/Character reference/108000-108FFF|108000–108FFF]]
|-style=&quot;font-size:83%;text-align:center&quot;
|[[Unicode/Character reference/9000-9FFF|9000–9FFF]]
|[[Unicode/Character reference/19000-19FFF|19000–19FFF]]
|[[Unicode/Character reference/29000-29FFF|29000–29FFF]]
|[[Unicode/Character reference/39000-39FFF|39000–39FFF]]
|[[Unicode/Character reference/E9000-E9FFF|E9000–E9FFF]]
|[[Unicode/Character reference/F9000-F9FFF|F9000–F9FFF]]
|[[Unicode/Character reference/109000-109FFF|109000–109FFF]]
|-style=&quot;font-size:83%;text-align:center&quot;
|[[Unicode/Character reference/A000-AFFF|A000–AFFF]]
|[[Unicode/Character reference/1A000-1AFFF|1A000–1AFFF]]
|[[Unicode/Character reference/2A000-2AFFF|2A000–2AFFF]]
|[[Unicode/Character reference/3A000-3AFFF|3A000–3AFFF]]
|[[Unicode/Character reference/EA000-EAFFF|EA000–EAFFF]]
|[[Unicode/Character reference/FA000-FAFFF|FA000–FAFFF]]
|[[Unicode/Character reference/10A000-10AFFF|10A000–10AFFF]]
|-style=&quot;font-size:83%;text-align:center&quot;
|[[Unicode/Character reference/B000-BFFF|B000–BFFF]]
|[[Unicode/Character reference/1B000-1BFFF|1B000–1BFFF]]
|[[Unicode/Character reference/2B000-2BFFF|2B000–2BFFF]]
|[[Unicode/Character reference/3B000-3BFFF|3B000–3BFFF]]
|[[Unicode/Character reference/EB000-EBFFF|EB000–EBFFF]]
|[[Unicode/Character reference/FB000-FBFFF|FB000–FBFFF]]
|[[Unicode/Character reference/10B000-10BFFF|10B000–10BFFF]]
|-style=&quot;font-size:83%;text-align:center&quot;
|[[Unicode/Character reference/C000-CFFF|C000–CFFF]]
|[[Unicode/Character reference/1C000-1CFFF|1C000–1CFFF]]
|[[Unicode/Character reference/2C000-2CFFF|2C000–2CFFF]]
|[[Unicode/Character reference/3C000-3CFFF|3C000–3CFFF]]
|[[Unicode/Character reference/EC000-ECFFF|EC000–ECFFF]]
|[[Unicode/Character reference/FC000-FCFFF|FC000–FCFFF]]
|[[Unicode/Character reference/10C000-10CFFF|10C000–10CFFF]]
|-style=&quot;font-size:83%;text-align:center&quot;
|[[Unicode/Character reference/D000-DFFF|D000–DFFF]]
|[[Unicode/Character reference/1D000-1DFFF|1D000–1DFFF]]
|[[Unicode/Character reference/2D000-2DFFF|2D000–2DFFF]]
|[[Unicode/Character reference/3D000-3DFFF|3D000–3DFFF]]
|[[Unicode/Character reference/ED000-EDFFF|ED000–EDFFF]]
|[[Unicode/Character reference/FD000-FDFFF|FD000–FDFFF]]
|[[Unicode/Character reference/10D000-10DFFF|10D000–10DFFF]]
|-style=&quot;font-size:83%;text-align:center&quot;
|[[Unicode/Character reference/E000-EFFF|E000–EFFF]]
|[[Unicode/Character reference/1E000-1EFFF|1E000–1EFFF]]
|[[Unicode/Character reference/2E000-2EFFF|2E000–2EFFF]]
|[[Unicode/Character reference/3E000-3EFFF|3E000–3EFFF]]
|[[Unicode/Character reference/EE000-EEFFF|EE000–EEFFF]]
|[[Unicode/Character reference/FE000-FEFFF|FE000–FEFFF]]
|[[Unicode/Character reference/10E000-10EFFF|10E000–10EFFF]]
|- style=&quot;font-size:83%;text-align:center&quot;
|[[Unicode/Character reference/F000-FFFF|F000–FFFF]]
|[[Unicode/Character reference/1F000-1FFFF|1F000–1FFFF]]
|[[Unicode/Character reference/2F000-2FFFF|2F000–2FFFF]]
|[[Unicode/Character reference/3F000-3FFFF|3F000–3FFFF]]
|[[Unicode/Character reference/EF000-EFFFF|EF000–EFFFF]]
|[[Unicode/Character reference/FF000-FFFFF|FF000–FFFFF]]
|[[Unicode/Character reference/10F000-10FFFF|10F000–10FFFF]]
|}
|
{{center/top}}
{| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;3&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; style=&quot;border-collapse:collapse;margin:0 0 0 4em;&quot;
|- style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;
!colspan=&quot;5&quot;|Legend:
|- style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;
&lt;!-- :) means that the template is consistently-used, :( means it isn't.--&gt;
|style=&quot;{{1.0}}&quot;|[[Unicode/Versions#Unicode 1.0|Unicode&amp;nbsp;1.0]]
|style=&quot;{{1.0.1}}&quot;|[[Unicode/Versions#Unicode 1.0.1|Unicode&amp;nbsp;1.0.1]]
|style=&quot;{{1.1}}&quot;|[[Unicode/Versions#Unicode 1.1|Unicode&amp;nbsp;1.1]]
|style=&quot;{{2.0}}&quot;|[[Unicode/Versions#Unicode 2.0|Unicode&amp;nbsp;2.0]]&lt;!-- :( --&gt;
|- style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;
|style=&quot;{{2.1}}&quot;|[[Unicode/Versions#Unicode 2.1|Unicode&amp;nbsp;2.1]]
|style=&quot;{{3.0}}&quot;|[[Unicode/Versions#Unicode 3.0|Unicode&amp;nbsp;3.0]]
|style=&quot;{{3.1}}&quot;|[[Unicode/Versions#Unicode 3.1|Unicode&amp;nbsp;3.1]]
|style=&quot;{{3.2}}&quot;|[[Unicode/Versions#Unicode 3.2|Unicode&amp;nbsp;3.2]]
|- style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;
|style=&quot;{{4.0}}&quot;|[[Unicode/Versions#Unicode 4.0|Unicode&amp;nbsp;4.0]]
|style=&quot;{{4.1}}&quot;|[[Unicode/Versions#Unicode 4.1|Unicode&amp;nbsp;4.1]]
|style=&quot;{{5.0}}&quot;|[[Unicode/Versions#Unicode 5.0|Unicode&amp;nbsp;5.0]]
|style=&quot;{{5.1}}&quot;|[[Unicode/Versions#Unicode 5.1|Unicode&amp;nbsp;5.1]]
|- style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;
|style=&quot;{{5.2}}&quot;|[[Unicode/Versions#Unicode 5.2|Unicode&amp;nbsp;5.2]]
|style=&quot;{{6.0}}&quot;|[[Unicode/Versions#Unicode 6.0|Unicode&amp;nbsp;6.0]]
|style=&quot;{{6.1}}&quot;|[[Unicode/Versions#Unicode 6.1|Unicode&amp;nbsp;6.1]]
|style=&quot;{{6.2}}&quot;|[[Unicode/Versions#Unicode 6.2|Unicode&amp;nbsp;6.2]]
|- style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;
|style=&quot;{{6.3}}&quot;|[[Unicode/Versions#Unicode 6.3|Unicode&amp;nbsp;6.3]]
|style=&quot;{{7.0}}&quot;|[[Unicode/Versions#Unicode 7.0|Unicode&amp;nbsp;7.0]]
|style=&quot;{{8.0}}&quot;|[[Unicode/Versions#Unicode 8.0|Unicode&amp;nbsp;8.0]]
|style=&quot;{{9.0}}&quot;|[[Unicode/Versions#Unicode 9.0|Unicode&amp;nbsp;9.0]]
|- style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;
|style=&quot;{{10.0}}&quot;|[[Unicode/Versions#Unicode 10.0|Unicode&amp;nbsp;10.0]]
|style=&quot;{{11.0}}&quot;|[[Unicode/Versions#Unicode 11.0|Unicode&amp;nbsp;11.0]]
|style=&quot;{{12.0}}&quot;|[[Unicode/Versions#Unicode 12.0|Unicode&amp;nbsp;12.0]]
|style=&quot;{{12.1}}&quot;|[[Unicode/Versions#Unicode 12.1|Unicode&amp;nbsp;12.1]]
|- style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;
|style=&quot;{{13.0}}&quot;|[[Unicode/Versions#Unicode 13.0|Unicode&amp;nbsp;13.0]]
|style=&quot;{{14.0}}&quot;|[[Unicode/Versions#Unicode 14.0|Unicode&amp;nbsp;14.0]]
|style=&quot;{{15.0}}&quot;|[[Unicode/Versions#Unicode 15.0|Unicode&amp;nbsp;15.0]]
|style=&quot;{{15.1}}&quot;|[[Unicode/Versions#Unicode 15.1|Unicode&amp;nbsp;15.1]]
|- style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;
|style=&quot;{{16.0}}&quot;|[[Unicode/Versions#Unicode 16.0|Unicode&amp;nbsp;16.0]]
|style=&quot;{{17.0}}&quot;|[[Unicode/Versions#Unicode 17.0|Unicode&amp;nbsp;17.0]]
|style=&quot;{{18.0}}&quot;|[[Unicode/Versions#Unicode 18.0|Unicode&amp;nbsp;18.0]]
|style=&quot;{{19.0}};color:white&quot;|[[Unicode/Versions#Unicode 19.0|{{H:title|Pending, will be officially released in 2027.|Unicode&amp;nbsp;19.0}}]]
|- style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;
|style=&quot;{{20.0}};color:white&quot;|{{H:title|Pending, will be officially released in 2028.|Unicode&amp;nbsp;20.0}}
|style=&quot;{{21.0}};color:white&quot;|{{H:title|Pending, will be officially released in 2029.|Unicode&amp;nbsp;21.0}}
|style=&quot;{{22.0}};color:white&quot;|{{H:title|Pending, will be officially released in 2030.|Unicode&amp;nbsp;22.0}}
|style=&quot;{{23.0}};color:white&quot;|{{H:title|Pending, will be officially released in 2031.|Unicode&amp;nbsp;23.0}}
|- style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;
|colspan=&quot;2;&quot;style=&quot;{{ProvTargeted}};font-size:90%&quot;|[[Unicode/Versions#Code Points Provisionally Assigned|Provisionally&amp;nbsp;Assigned&lt;br&gt;
(20.0&amp;nbsp;Target, currently unused)]]
|colspan=&quot;2;&quot;style=&quot;{{ProvUntargeted}}&quot;|[[Unicode/Versions#Code Points Provisionally Assigned|Provisionally&amp;nbsp;Assigned&lt;br&gt;
(No&amp;nbsp;Target)]]
|- style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;
|style=&quot;{{pua}}&quot;|Private Use&lt;!-- :( --&gt;
|style=&quot;{{sur}}&quot;|Surrogate&lt;!-- :( --&gt;
|style=&quot;{{res}};color:#ffffff&quot;|Reserved
|style=&quot;{{nch}};color:#ffffff&quot;|Noncharacter
|}
{{center/end}}
|}

'''Note:''' Unicode character visualization will depend on the character support of your web browser and the fonts installed on your system.
&lt;noinclude&gt;

{{BookCat}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>drp6exrmqu275gujga9pg23rtpwbyyg</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Unicode/Character reference/A000-AFFF</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>77333</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4680371</id>
      <parentid>4680251</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T11:59:22Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ILYA125467</username>
        <id>3627024</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Added characters to provisionally assigned characters and characters accepted for 19.0; it's easier to work with them that way.</comment>
      <origin>4680371</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="263819" sha1="gn5an0giun1v3yhkyv3by0qzimomixe" xml:space="preserve">{{:Unicode/Character reference}}

{| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;2&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; style=&quot;border-collapse:collapse&quot;
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | '''Yi Syllables'''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;width:4%&quot;|U+
!style=&quot;width:6%&quot;|0
!style=&quot;width:6%&quot;|1
!style=&quot;width:6%&quot;|2
!style=&quot;width:6%&quot;|3
!style=&quot;width:6%&quot;|4
!style=&quot;width:6%&quot;|5
!style=&quot;width:6%&quot;|6
!style=&quot;width:6%&quot;|7
!style=&quot;width:6%&quot;|8
!style=&quot;width:6%&quot;|9
!style=&quot;width:6%&quot;|A
!style=&quot;width:6%&quot;|B
!style=&quot;width:6%&quot;|C
!style=&quot;width:6%&quot;|D
!style=&quot;width:6%&quot;|E
!style=&quot;width:6%&quot;|F
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#f1ff63;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|A00x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE IT|&amp;#xa000;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE IX|&amp;#xa001;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE I|&amp;#xa002;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE IP|&amp;#xa003;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE IET|&amp;#xa004;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE IEX|&amp;#xa005;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE IE|&amp;#xa006;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE IEP|&amp;#xa007;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE AT|&amp;#xa008;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE AX|&amp;#xa009;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE A|&amp;#xa00a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE AP|&amp;#xa00b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE UOX|&amp;#xa00c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE UO|&amp;#xa00d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE UOP|&amp;#xa00e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE OT|&amp;#xa00f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#f1ff63;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|A01x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE OX|&amp;#xa010;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE O|&amp;#xa011;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE OP|&amp;#xa012;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE EX|&amp;#xa013;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE E|&amp;#xa014;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE ITERATION MARK|&amp;#xa015;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE BIT|&amp;#xa016;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE BIX|&amp;#xa017;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE BI|&amp;#xa018;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE BIP|&amp;#xa019;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE BIET|&amp;#xa01a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE BIEX|&amp;#xa01b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE BIE|&amp;#xa01c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE BIEP|&amp;#xa01d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE BAT|&amp;#xa01e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE BAX|&amp;#xa01f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#f1ff63;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|A02x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE BA|&amp;#xa020;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE BAP|&amp;#xa021;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE BUOX|&amp;#xa022;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE BUO|&amp;#xa023;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE BUOP|&amp;#xa024;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE BOT|&amp;#xa025;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE BOX|&amp;#xa026;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE BO|&amp;#xa027;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE BOP|&amp;#xa028;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE BEX|&amp;#xa029;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE BE|&amp;#xa02a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE BEP|&amp;#xa02b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE BUT|&amp;#xa02c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE BUX|&amp;#xa02d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE BU|&amp;#xa02e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE BUP|&amp;#xa02f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#f1ff63;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|A03x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE BURX|&amp;#xa030;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE BUR|&amp;#xa031;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE BYT|&amp;#xa032;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE BYX|&amp;#xa033;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE BY|&amp;#xa034;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE BYP|&amp;#xa035;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE BYRX|&amp;#xa036;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE BYR|&amp;#xa037;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE PIT|&amp;#xa038;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE PIX|&amp;#xa039;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE PI|&amp;#xa03a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE PIP|&amp;#xa03b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE PIEX|&amp;#xa03c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE PIE|&amp;#xa03d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE PIEP|&amp;#xa03e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE PAT|&amp;#xa03f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#f1ff63;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|A04x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE PAX|&amp;#xa040;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE PA|&amp;#xa041;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE PAP|&amp;#xa042;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE PUOX|&amp;#xa043;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE PUO|&amp;#xa044;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE PUOP|&amp;#xa045;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE POT|&amp;#xa046;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE POX|&amp;#xa047;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE PO|&amp;#xa048;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE POP|&amp;#xa049;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE PUT|&amp;#xa04a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE PUX|&amp;#xa04b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE PU|&amp;#xa04c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE PUP|&amp;#xa04d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE PURX|&amp;#xa04e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE PUR|&amp;#xa04f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#f1ff63;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|A05x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE PYT|&amp;#xa050;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE PYX|&amp;#xa051;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE PY|&amp;#xa052;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE PYP|&amp;#xa053;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE PYRX|&amp;#xa054;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE PYR|&amp;#xa055;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE BBIT|&amp;#xa056;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE BBIX|&amp;#xa057;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE BBI|&amp;#xa058;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE BBIP|&amp;#xa059;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE BBIET|&amp;#xa05a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE BBIEX|&amp;#xa05b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE BBIE|&amp;#xa05c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE BBIEP|&amp;#xa05d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE BBAT|&amp;#xa05e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE BBAX|&amp;#xa05f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#f1ff63;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|A06x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE BBA|&amp;#xa060;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE BBAP|&amp;#xa061;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE BBUOX|&amp;#xa062;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE BBUO|&amp;#xa063;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE BBUOP|&amp;#xa064;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE BBOT|&amp;#xa065;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE BBOX|&amp;#xa066;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE BBO|&amp;#xa067;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE BBOP|&amp;#xa068;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE BBEX|&amp;#xa069;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE BBE|&amp;#xa06a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE BBEP|&amp;#xa06b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE BBUT|&amp;#xa06c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE BBUX|&amp;#xa06d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE BBU|&amp;#xa06e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE BBUP|&amp;#xa06f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#f1ff63;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|A07x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE BBURX|&amp;#xa070;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE BBUR|&amp;#xa071;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE BBYT|&amp;#xa072;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE BBYX|&amp;#xa073;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE BBY|&amp;#xa074;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE BBYP|&amp;#xa075;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NBIT|&amp;#xa076;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NBIX|&amp;#xa077;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NBI|&amp;#xa078;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NBIP|&amp;#xa079;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NBIEX|&amp;#xa07a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NBIE|&amp;#xa07b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NBIEP|&amp;#xa07c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NBAT|&amp;#xa07d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NBAX|&amp;#xa07e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NBA|&amp;#xa07f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#f1ff63;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|A08x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NBAP|&amp;#xa080;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NBOT|&amp;#xa081;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NBOX|&amp;#xa082;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NBO|&amp;#xa083;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NBOP|&amp;#xa084;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NBUT|&amp;#xa085;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NBUX|&amp;#xa086;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NBU|&amp;#xa087;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NBUP|&amp;#xa088;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NBURX|&amp;#xa089;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NBUR|&amp;#xa08a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NBYT|&amp;#xa08b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NBYX|&amp;#xa08c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NBY|&amp;#xa08d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NBYP|&amp;#xa08e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NBYRX|&amp;#xa08f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#f1ff63;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|A09x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NBYR|&amp;#xa090;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HMIT|&amp;#xa091;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HMIX|&amp;#xa092;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HMI|&amp;#xa093;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HMIP|&amp;#xa094;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HMIEX|&amp;#xa095;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HMIE|&amp;#xa096;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HMIEP|&amp;#xa097;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HMAT|&amp;#xa098;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HMAX|&amp;#xa099;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HMA|&amp;#xa09a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HMAP|&amp;#xa09b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HMUOX|&amp;#xa09c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HMUO|&amp;#xa09d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HMUOP|&amp;#xa09e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HMOT|&amp;#xa09f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#f1ff63;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|A0Ax
|{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HMOX|&amp;#xa0a0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HMO|&amp;#xa0a1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HMOP|&amp;#xa0a2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HMUT|&amp;#xa0a3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HMUX|&amp;#xa0a4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HMU|&amp;#xa0a5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HMUP|&amp;#xa0a6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HMURX|&amp;#xa0a7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HMUR|&amp;#xa0a8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HMYX|&amp;#xa0a9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HMY|&amp;#xa0aa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HMYP|&amp;#xa0ab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HMYRX|&amp;#xa0ac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HMYR|&amp;#xa0ad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE MIT|&amp;#xa0ae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE MIX|&amp;#xa0af;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#f1ff63;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|A0Bx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE MI|&amp;#xa0b0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE MIP|&amp;#xa0b1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE MIEX|&amp;#xa0b2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE MIE|&amp;#xa0b3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE MIEP|&amp;#xa0b4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE MAT|&amp;#xa0b5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE MAX|&amp;#xa0b6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE MA|&amp;#xa0b7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE MAP|&amp;#xa0b8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE MUOT|&amp;#xa0b9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE MUOX|&amp;#xa0ba;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE MUO|&amp;#xa0bb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE MUOP|&amp;#xa0bc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE MOT|&amp;#xa0bd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE MOX|&amp;#xa0be;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE MO|&amp;#xa0bf;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#f1ff63;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|A0Cx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE MOP|&amp;#xa0c0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE MEX|&amp;#xa0c1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE ME|&amp;#xa0c2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE MUT|&amp;#xa0c3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE MUX|&amp;#xa0c4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE MU|&amp;#xa0c5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE MUP|&amp;#xa0c6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE MURX|&amp;#xa0c7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE MUR|&amp;#xa0c8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE MYT|&amp;#xa0c9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE MYX|&amp;#xa0ca;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE MY|&amp;#xa0cb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE MYP|&amp;#xa0cc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE FIT|&amp;#xa0cd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE FIX|&amp;#xa0ce;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE FI|&amp;#xa0cf;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#f1ff63;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|A0Dx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE FIP|&amp;#xa0d0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE FAT|&amp;#xa0d1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE FAX|&amp;#xa0d2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE FA|&amp;#xa0d3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE FAP|&amp;#xa0d4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE FOX|&amp;#xa0d5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE FO|&amp;#xa0d6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE FOP|&amp;#xa0d7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE FUT|&amp;#xa0d8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE FUX|&amp;#xa0d9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE FU|&amp;#xa0da;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE FUP|&amp;#xa0db;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE FURX|&amp;#xa0dc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE FUR|&amp;#xa0dd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE FYT|&amp;#xa0de;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE FYX|&amp;#xa0df;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#f1ff63;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|A0Ex
|{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE FY|&amp;#xa0e0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE FYP|&amp;#xa0e1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE VIT|&amp;#xa0e2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE VIX|&amp;#xa0e3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE VI|&amp;#xa0e4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE VIP|&amp;#xa0e5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE VIET|&amp;#xa0e6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE VIEX|&amp;#xa0e7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE VIE|&amp;#xa0e8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE VIEP|&amp;#xa0e9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE VAT|&amp;#xa0ea;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE VAX|&amp;#xa0eb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE VA|&amp;#xa0ec;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE VAP|&amp;#xa0ed;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE VOT|&amp;#xa0ee;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE VOX|&amp;#xa0ef;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#f1ff63;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|A0Fx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE VO|&amp;#xa0f0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE VOP|&amp;#xa0f1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE VEX|&amp;#xa0f2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE VEP|&amp;#xa0f3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE VUT|&amp;#xa0f4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE VUX|&amp;#xa0f5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE VU|&amp;#xa0f6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE VUP|&amp;#xa0f7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE VURX|&amp;#xa0f8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE VUR|&amp;#xa0f9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE VYT|&amp;#xa0fa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE VYX|&amp;#xa0fb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE VY|&amp;#xa0fc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE VYP|&amp;#xa0fd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE VYRX|&amp;#xa0fe;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE VYR|&amp;#xa0ff;}}
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#f1ff63;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|A10x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE DIT|&amp;#xa100;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE DIX|&amp;#xa101;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE DI|&amp;#xa102;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE DIP|&amp;#xa103;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE DIEX|&amp;#xa104;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE DIE|&amp;#xa105;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE DIEP|&amp;#xa106;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE DAT|&amp;#xa107;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE DAX|&amp;#xa108;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE DA|&amp;#xa109;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE DAP|&amp;#xa10a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE DUOX|&amp;#xa10b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE DUO|&amp;#xa10c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE DOT|&amp;#xa10d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE DOX|&amp;#xa10e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE DO|&amp;#xa10f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#f1ff63;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|A11x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE DOP|&amp;#xa110;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE DEX|&amp;#xa111;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE DE|&amp;#xa112;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE DEP|&amp;#xa113;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE DUT|&amp;#xa114;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE DUX|&amp;#xa115;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE DU|&amp;#xa116;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE DUP|&amp;#xa117;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE DURX|&amp;#xa118;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE DUR|&amp;#xa119;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE TIT|&amp;#xa11a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE TIX|&amp;#xa11b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE TI|&amp;#xa11c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE TIP|&amp;#xa11d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE TIEX|&amp;#xa11e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE TIE|&amp;#xa11f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#f1ff63;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|A12x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE TIEP|&amp;#xa120;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE TAT|&amp;#xa121;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE TAX|&amp;#xa122;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE TA|&amp;#xa123;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE TAP|&amp;#xa124;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE TUOT|&amp;#xa125;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE TUOX|&amp;#xa126;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE TUO|&amp;#xa127;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE TUOP|&amp;#xa128;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE TOT|&amp;#xa129;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE TOX|&amp;#xa12a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE TO|&amp;#xa12b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE TOP|&amp;#xa12c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE TEX|&amp;#xa12d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE TE|&amp;#xa12e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE TEP|&amp;#xa12f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#f1ff63;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|A13x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE TUT|&amp;#xa130;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE TUX|&amp;#xa131;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE TU|&amp;#xa132;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE TUP|&amp;#xa133;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE TURX|&amp;#xa134;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE TUR|&amp;#xa135;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE DDIT|&amp;#xa136;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE DDIX|&amp;#xa137;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE DDI|&amp;#xa138;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE DDIP|&amp;#xa139;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE DDIEX|&amp;#xa13a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE DDIE|&amp;#xa13b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE DDIEP|&amp;#xa13c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE DDAT|&amp;#xa13d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE DDAX|&amp;#xa13e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE DDA|&amp;#xa13f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#f1ff63;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|A14x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE DDAP|&amp;#xa140;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE DDUOX|&amp;#xa141;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE DDUO|&amp;#xa142;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE DDUOP|&amp;#xa143;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE DDOT|&amp;#xa144;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE DDOX|&amp;#xa145;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE DDO|&amp;#xa146;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE DDOP|&amp;#xa147;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE DDEX|&amp;#xa148;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE DDE|&amp;#xa149;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE DDEP|&amp;#xa14a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE DDUT|&amp;#xa14b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE DDUX|&amp;#xa14c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE DDU|&amp;#xa14d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE DDUP|&amp;#xa14e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE DDURX|&amp;#xa14f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#f1ff63;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|A15x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE DDUR|&amp;#xa150;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NDIT|&amp;#xa151;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NDIX|&amp;#xa152;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NDI|&amp;#xa153;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NDIP|&amp;#xa154;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NDIEX|&amp;#xa155;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NDIE|&amp;#xa156;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NDAT|&amp;#xa157;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NDAX|&amp;#xa158;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NDA|&amp;#xa159;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NDAP|&amp;#xa15a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NDOT|&amp;#xa15b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NDOX|&amp;#xa15c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NDO|&amp;#xa15d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NDOP|&amp;#xa15e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NDEX|&amp;#xa15f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#f1ff63;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|A16x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NDE|&amp;#xa160;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NDEP|&amp;#xa161;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NDUT|&amp;#xa162;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NDUX|&amp;#xa163;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NDU|&amp;#xa164;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NDUP|&amp;#xa165;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NDURX|&amp;#xa166;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NDUR|&amp;#xa167;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HNIT|&amp;#xa168;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HNIX|&amp;#xa169;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HNI|&amp;#xa16a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HNIP|&amp;#xa16b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HNIET|&amp;#xa16c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HNIEX|&amp;#xa16d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HNIE|&amp;#xa16e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HNIEP|&amp;#xa16f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#f1ff63;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|A17x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HNAT|&amp;#xa170;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HNAX|&amp;#xa171;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HNA|&amp;#xa172;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HNAP|&amp;#xa173;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HNUOX|&amp;#xa174;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HNUO|&amp;#xa175;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HNOT|&amp;#xa176;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HNOX|&amp;#xa177;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HNOP|&amp;#xa178;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HNEX|&amp;#xa179;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HNE|&amp;#xa17a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HNEP|&amp;#xa17b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HNUT|&amp;#xa17c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NIT|&amp;#xa17d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NIX|&amp;#xa17e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NI|&amp;#xa17f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#f1ff63;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|A18x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NIP|&amp;#xa180;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NIEX|&amp;#xa181;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NIE|&amp;#xa182;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NIEP|&amp;#xa183;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NAX|&amp;#xa184;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NA|&amp;#xa185;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NAP|&amp;#xa186;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NUOX|&amp;#xa187;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NUO|&amp;#xa188;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NUOP|&amp;#xa189;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NOT|&amp;#xa18a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NOX|&amp;#xa18b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NO|&amp;#xa18c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NOP|&amp;#xa18d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NEX|&amp;#xa18e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NE|&amp;#xa18f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#f1ff63;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|A19x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NEP|&amp;#xa190;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NUT|&amp;#xa191;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NUX|&amp;#xa192;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NU|&amp;#xa193;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NUP|&amp;#xa194;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NURX|&amp;#xa195;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NUR|&amp;#xa196;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HLIT|&amp;#xa197;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HLIX|&amp;#xa198;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HLI|&amp;#xa199;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HLIP|&amp;#xa19a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HLIEX|&amp;#xa19b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HLIE|&amp;#xa19c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HLIEP|&amp;#xa19d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HLAT|&amp;#xa19e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HLAX|&amp;#xa19f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#f1ff63;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|A1Ax
|{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HLA|&amp;#xa1a0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HLAP|&amp;#xa1a1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HLUOX|&amp;#xa1a2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HLUO|&amp;#xa1a3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HLUOP|&amp;#xa1a4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HLOX|&amp;#xa1a5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HLO|&amp;#xa1a6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HLOP|&amp;#xa1a7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HLEX|&amp;#xa1a8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HLE|&amp;#xa1a9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HLEP|&amp;#xa1aa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HLUT|&amp;#xa1ab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HLUX|&amp;#xa1ac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HLU|&amp;#xa1ad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HLUP|&amp;#xa1ae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HLURX|&amp;#xa1af;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#f1ff63;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|A1Bx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HLUR|&amp;#xa1b0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HLYT|&amp;#xa1b1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HLYX|&amp;#xa1b2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HLY|&amp;#xa1b3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HLYP|&amp;#xa1b4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HLYRX|&amp;#xa1b5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HLYR|&amp;#xa1b6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE LIT|&amp;#xa1b7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE LIX|&amp;#xa1b8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE LI|&amp;#xa1b9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE LIP|&amp;#xa1ba;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE LIET|&amp;#xa1bb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE LIEX|&amp;#xa1bc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE LIE|&amp;#xa1bd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE LIEP|&amp;#xa1be;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE LAT|&amp;#xa1bf;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#f1ff63;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|A1Cx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE LAX|&amp;#xa1c0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE LA|&amp;#xa1c1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE LAP|&amp;#xa1c2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE LUOT|&amp;#xa1c3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE LUOX|&amp;#xa1c4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE LUO|&amp;#xa1c5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE LUOP|&amp;#xa1c6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE LOT|&amp;#xa1c7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE LOX|&amp;#xa1c8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE LO|&amp;#xa1c9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE LOP|&amp;#xa1ca;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE LEX|&amp;#xa1cb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE LE|&amp;#xa1cc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE LEP|&amp;#xa1cd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE LUT|&amp;#xa1ce;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE LUX|&amp;#xa1cf;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#f1ff63;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|A1Dx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE LU|&amp;#xa1d0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE LUP|&amp;#xa1d1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE LURX|&amp;#xa1d2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE LUR|&amp;#xa1d3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE LYT|&amp;#xa1d4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE LYX|&amp;#xa1d5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE LY|&amp;#xa1d6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE LYP|&amp;#xa1d7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE LYRX|&amp;#xa1d8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE LYR|&amp;#xa1d9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE GIT|&amp;#xa1da;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE GIX|&amp;#xa1db;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE GI|&amp;#xa1dc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE GIP|&amp;#xa1dd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE GIET|&amp;#xa1de;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE GIEX|&amp;#xa1df;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#f1ff63;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|A1Ex
|{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE GIE|&amp;#xa1e0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE GIEP|&amp;#xa1e1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE GAT|&amp;#xa1e2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE GAX|&amp;#xa1e3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE GA|&amp;#xa1e4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE GAP|&amp;#xa1e5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE GUOT|&amp;#xa1e6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE GUOX|&amp;#xa1e7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE GUO|&amp;#xa1e8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE GUOP|&amp;#xa1e9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE GOT|&amp;#xa1ea;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE GOX|&amp;#xa1eb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE GO|&amp;#xa1ec;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE GOP|&amp;#xa1ed;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE GET|&amp;#xa1ee;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE GEX|&amp;#xa1ef;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#f1ff63;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|A1Fx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE GE|&amp;#xa1f0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE GEP|&amp;#xa1f1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE GUT|&amp;#xa1f2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE GUX|&amp;#xa1f3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE GU|&amp;#xa1f4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE GUP|&amp;#xa1f5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE GURX|&amp;#xa1f6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE GUR|&amp;#xa1f7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE KIT|&amp;#xa1f8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE KIX|&amp;#xa1f9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE KI|&amp;#xa1fa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE KIP|&amp;#xa1fb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE KIEX|&amp;#xa1fc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE KIE|&amp;#xa1fd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE KIEP|&amp;#xa1fe;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE KAT|&amp;#xa1ff;}}
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#f1ff63;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|A20x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE KAX|&amp;#xa200;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE KA|&amp;#xa201;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE KAP|&amp;#xa202;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE KUOX|&amp;#xa203;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE KUO|&amp;#xa204;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE KUOP|&amp;#xa205;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE KOT|&amp;#xa206;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE KOX|&amp;#xa207;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE KO|&amp;#xa208;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE KOP|&amp;#xa209;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE KET|&amp;#xa20a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE KEX|&amp;#xa20b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE KE|&amp;#xa20c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE KEP|&amp;#xa20d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE KUT|&amp;#xa20e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE KUX|&amp;#xa20f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#f1ff63;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|A21x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE KU|&amp;#xa210;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE KUP|&amp;#xa211;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE KURX|&amp;#xa212;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE KUR|&amp;#xa213;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE GGIT|&amp;#xa214;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE GGIX|&amp;#xa215;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE GGI|&amp;#xa216;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE GGIEX|&amp;#xa217;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE GGIE|&amp;#xa218;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE GGIEP|&amp;#xa219;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE GGAT|&amp;#xa21a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE GGAX|&amp;#xa21b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE GGA|&amp;#xa21c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE GGAP|&amp;#xa21d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE GGUOT|&amp;#xa21e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE GGUOX|&amp;#xa21f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#f1ff63;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|A22x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE GGUO|&amp;#xa220;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE GGUOP|&amp;#xa221;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE GGOT|&amp;#xa222;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE GGOX|&amp;#xa223;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE GGO|&amp;#xa224;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE GGOP|&amp;#xa225;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE GGET|&amp;#xa226;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE GGEX|&amp;#xa227;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE GGE|&amp;#xa228;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE GGEP|&amp;#xa229;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE GGUT|&amp;#xa22a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE GGUX|&amp;#xa22b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE GGU|&amp;#xa22c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE GGUP|&amp;#xa22d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE GGURX|&amp;#xa22e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE GGUR|&amp;#xa22f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#f1ff63;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|A23x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE MGIEX|&amp;#xa230;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE MGIE|&amp;#xa231;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE MGAT|&amp;#xa232;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE MGAX|&amp;#xa233;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE MGA|&amp;#xa234;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE MGAP|&amp;#xa235;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE MGUOX|&amp;#xa236;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE MGUO|&amp;#xa237;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE MGUOP|&amp;#xa238;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE MGOT|&amp;#xa239;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE MGOX|&amp;#xa23a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE MGO|&amp;#xa23b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE MGOP|&amp;#xa23c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE MGEX|&amp;#xa23d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE MGE|&amp;#xa23e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE MGEP|&amp;#xa23f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#f1ff63;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|A24x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE MGUT|&amp;#xa240;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE MGUX|&amp;#xa241;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE MGU|&amp;#xa242;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE MGUP|&amp;#xa243;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE MGURX|&amp;#xa244;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE MGUR|&amp;#xa245;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HXIT|&amp;#xa246;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HXIX|&amp;#xa247;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HXI|&amp;#xa248;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HXIP|&amp;#xa249;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HXIET|&amp;#xa24a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HXIEX|&amp;#xa24b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HXIE|&amp;#xa24c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HXIEP|&amp;#xa24d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HXAT|&amp;#xa24e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HXAX|&amp;#xa24f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#f1ff63;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|A25x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HXA|&amp;#xa250;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HXAP|&amp;#xa251;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HXUOT|&amp;#xa252;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HXUOX|&amp;#xa253;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HXUO|&amp;#xa254;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HXUOP|&amp;#xa255;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HXOT|&amp;#xa256;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HXOX|&amp;#xa257;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HXO|&amp;#xa258;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HXOP|&amp;#xa259;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HXEX|&amp;#xa25a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HXE|&amp;#xa25b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HXEP|&amp;#xa25c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NGIEX|&amp;#xa25d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NGIE|&amp;#xa25e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NGIEP|&amp;#xa25f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#f1ff63;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|A26x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NGAT|&amp;#xa260;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NGAX|&amp;#xa261;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NGA|&amp;#xa262;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NGAP|&amp;#xa263;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NGUOT|&amp;#xa264;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NGUOX|&amp;#xa265;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NGUO|&amp;#xa266;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NGOT|&amp;#xa267;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NGOX|&amp;#xa268;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NGO|&amp;#xa269;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NGOP|&amp;#xa26a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NGEX|&amp;#xa26b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NGE|&amp;#xa26c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NGEP|&amp;#xa26d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HIT|&amp;#xa26e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HIEX|&amp;#xa26f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#f1ff63;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|A27x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HIE|&amp;#xa270;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HAT|&amp;#xa271;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HAX|&amp;#xa272;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HA|&amp;#xa273;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HAP|&amp;#xa274;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HUOT|&amp;#xa275;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HUOX|&amp;#xa276;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HUO|&amp;#xa277;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HUOP|&amp;#xa278;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HOT|&amp;#xa279;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HOX|&amp;#xa27a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HO|&amp;#xa27b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HOP|&amp;#xa27c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HEX|&amp;#xa27d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HE|&amp;#xa27e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE HEP|&amp;#xa27f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#f1ff63;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|A28x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE WAT|&amp;#xa280;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE WAX|&amp;#xa281;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE WA|&amp;#xa282;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE WAP|&amp;#xa283;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE WUOX|&amp;#xa284;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE WUO|&amp;#xa285;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE WUOP|&amp;#xa286;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE WOX|&amp;#xa287;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE WO|&amp;#xa288;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE WOP|&amp;#xa289;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE WEX|&amp;#xa28a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE WE|&amp;#xa28b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE WEP|&amp;#xa28c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE ZIT|&amp;#xa28d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE ZIX|&amp;#xa28e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE ZI|&amp;#xa28f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#f1ff63;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|A29x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE ZIP|&amp;#xa290;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE ZIEX|&amp;#xa291;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE ZIE|&amp;#xa292;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE ZIEP|&amp;#xa293;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE ZAT|&amp;#xa294;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE ZAX|&amp;#xa295;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE ZA|&amp;#xa296;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE ZAP|&amp;#xa297;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE ZUOX|&amp;#xa298;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE ZUO|&amp;#xa299;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE ZUOP|&amp;#xa29a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE ZOT|&amp;#xa29b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE ZOX|&amp;#xa29c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE ZO|&amp;#xa29d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE ZOP|&amp;#xa29e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE ZEX|&amp;#xa29f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#f1ff63;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|A2Ax
|{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE ZE|&amp;#xa2a0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE ZEP|&amp;#xa2a1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE ZUT|&amp;#xa2a2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE ZUX|&amp;#xa2a3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE ZU|&amp;#xa2a4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE ZUP|&amp;#xa2a5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE ZURX|&amp;#xa2a6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE ZUR|&amp;#xa2a7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE ZYT|&amp;#xa2a8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE ZYX|&amp;#xa2a9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE ZY|&amp;#xa2aa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE ZYP|&amp;#xa2ab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE ZYRX|&amp;#xa2ac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE ZYR|&amp;#xa2ad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE CIT|&amp;#xa2ae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE CIX|&amp;#xa2af;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#f1ff63;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|A2Bx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE CI|&amp;#xa2b0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE CIP|&amp;#xa2b1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE CIET|&amp;#xa2b2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE CIEX|&amp;#xa2b3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE CIE|&amp;#xa2b4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE CIEP|&amp;#xa2b5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE CAT|&amp;#xa2b6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE CAX|&amp;#xa2b7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE CA|&amp;#xa2b8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE CAP|&amp;#xa2b9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE CUOX|&amp;#xa2ba;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE CUO|&amp;#xa2bb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE CUOP|&amp;#xa2bc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE COT|&amp;#xa2bd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE COX|&amp;#xa2be;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE CO|&amp;#xa2bf;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#f1ff63;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|A2Cx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE COP|&amp;#xa2c0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE CEX|&amp;#xa2c1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE CE|&amp;#xa2c2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE CEP|&amp;#xa2c3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE CUT|&amp;#xa2c4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE CUX|&amp;#xa2c5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE CU|&amp;#xa2c6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE CUP|&amp;#xa2c7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE CURX|&amp;#xa2c8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE CUR|&amp;#xa2c9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE CYT|&amp;#xa2ca;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE CYX|&amp;#xa2cb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE CY|&amp;#xa2cc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE CYP|&amp;#xa2cd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE CYRX|&amp;#xa2ce;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE CYR|&amp;#xa2cf;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#f1ff63;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|A2Dx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE ZZIT|&amp;#xa2d0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE ZZIX|&amp;#xa2d1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE ZZI|&amp;#xa2d2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE ZZIP|&amp;#xa2d3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE ZZIET|&amp;#xa2d4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE ZZIEX|&amp;#xa2d5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE ZZIE|&amp;#xa2d6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE ZZIEP|&amp;#xa2d7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE ZZAT|&amp;#xa2d8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE ZZAX|&amp;#xa2d9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE ZZA|&amp;#xa2da;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE ZZAP|&amp;#xa2db;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE ZZOX|&amp;#xa2dc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE ZZO|&amp;#xa2dd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE ZZOP|&amp;#xa2de;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE ZZEX|&amp;#xa2df;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#f1ff63;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|A2Ex
|{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE ZZE|&amp;#xa2e0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE ZZEP|&amp;#xa2e1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE ZZUX|&amp;#xa2e2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE ZZU|&amp;#xa2e3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE ZZUP|&amp;#xa2e4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE ZZURX|&amp;#xa2e5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE ZZUR|&amp;#xa2e6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE ZZYT|&amp;#xa2e7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE ZZYX|&amp;#xa2e8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE ZZY|&amp;#xa2e9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE ZZYP|&amp;#xa2ea;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE ZZYRX|&amp;#xa2eb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE ZZYR|&amp;#xa2ec;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NZIT|&amp;#xa2ed;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NZIX|&amp;#xa2ee;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NZI|&amp;#xa2ef;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#f1ff63;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|A2Fx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NZIP|&amp;#xa2f0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NZIEX|&amp;#xa2f1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NZIE|&amp;#xa2f2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NZIEP|&amp;#xa2f3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NZAT|&amp;#xa2f4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NZAX|&amp;#xa2f5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NZA|&amp;#xa2f6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NZAP|&amp;#xa2f7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NZUOX|&amp;#xa2f8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NZUO|&amp;#xa2f9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NZOX|&amp;#xa2fa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NZOP|&amp;#xa2fb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NZEX|&amp;#xa2fc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NZE|&amp;#xa2fd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NZUX|&amp;#xa2fe;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NZU|&amp;#xa2ff;}}
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#f1ff63;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|A30x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NZUP|&amp;#xa300;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NZURX|&amp;#xa301;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NZUR|&amp;#xa302;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NZYT|&amp;#xa303;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NZYX|&amp;#xa304;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NZY|&amp;#xa305;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NZYP|&amp;#xa306;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NZYRX|&amp;#xa307;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NZYR|&amp;#xa308;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE SIT|&amp;#xa309;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE SIX|&amp;#xa30a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE SI|&amp;#xa30b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE SIP|&amp;#xa30c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE SIEX|&amp;#xa30d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE SIE|&amp;#xa30e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE SIEP|&amp;#xa30f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#f1ff63;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|A31x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE SAT|&amp;#xa310;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE SAX|&amp;#xa311;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE SA|&amp;#xa312;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE SAP|&amp;#xa313;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE SUOX|&amp;#xa314;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE SUO|&amp;#xa315;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE SUOP|&amp;#xa316;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE SOT|&amp;#xa317;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE SOX|&amp;#xa318;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE SO|&amp;#xa319;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE SOP|&amp;#xa31a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE SEX|&amp;#xa31b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE SE|&amp;#xa31c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE SEP|&amp;#xa31d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE SUT|&amp;#xa31e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE SUX|&amp;#xa31f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#f1ff63;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|A32x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE SU|&amp;#xa320;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE SUP|&amp;#xa321;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE SURX|&amp;#xa322;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE SUR|&amp;#xa323;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE SYT|&amp;#xa324;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE SYX|&amp;#xa325;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE SY|&amp;#xa326;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE SYP|&amp;#xa327;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE SYRX|&amp;#xa328;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE SYR|&amp;#xa329;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE SSIT|&amp;#xa32a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE SSIX|&amp;#xa32b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE SSI|&amp;#xa32c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE SSIP|&amp;#xa32d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE SSIEX|&amp;#xa32e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE SSIE|&amp;#xa32f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#f1ff63;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|A33x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE SSIEP|&amp;#xa330;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE SSAT|&amp;#xa331;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE SSAX|&amp;#xa332;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE SSA|&amp;#xa333;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE SSAP|&amp;#xa334;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE SSOT|&amp;#xa335;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE SSOX|&amp;#xa336;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE SSO|&amp;#xa337;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE SSOP|&amp;#xa338;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE SSEX|&amp;#xa339;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE SSE|&amp;#xa33a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE SSEP|&amp;#xa33b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE SSUT|&amp;#xa33c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE SSUX|&amp;#xa33d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE SSU|&amp;#xa33e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE SSUP|&amp;#xa33f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#f1ff63;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|A34x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE SSYT|&amp;#xa340;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE SSYX|&amp;#xa341;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE SSY|&amp;#xa342;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE SSYP|&amp;#xa343;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE SSYRX|&amp;#xa344;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE SSYR|&amp;#xa345;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE ZHAT|&amp;#xa346;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE ZHAX|&amp;#xa347;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE ZHA|&amp;#xa348;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE ZHAP|&amp;#xa349;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE ZHUOX|&amp;#xa34a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE ZHUO|&amp;#xa34b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE ZHUOP|&amp;#xa34c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE ZHOT|&amp;#xa34d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE ZHOX|&amp;#xa34e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE ZHO|&amp;#xa34f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#f1ff63;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|A35x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE ZHOP|&amp;#xa350;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE ZHET|&amp;#xa351;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE ZHEX|&amp;#xa352;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE ZHE|&amp;#xa353;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE ZHEP|&amp;#xa354;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE ZHUT|&amp;#xa355;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE ZHUX|&amp;#xa356;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE ZHU|&amp;#xa357;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE ZHUP|&amp;#xa358;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE ZHURX|&amp;#xa359;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE ZHUR|&amp;#xa35a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE ZHYT|&amp;#xa35b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE ZHYX|&amp;#xa35c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE ZHY|&amp;#xa35d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE ZHYP|&amp;#xa35e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE ZHYRX|&amp;#xa35f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#f1ff63;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|A36x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE ZHYR|&amp;#xa360;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE CHAT|&amp;#xa361;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE CHAX|&amp;#xa362;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE CHA|&amp;#xa363;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE CHAP|&amp;#xa364;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE CHUOT|&amp;#xa365;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE CHUOX|&amp;#xa366;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE CHUO|&amp;#xa367;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE CHUOP|&amp;#xa368;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE CHOT|&amp;#xa369;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE CHOX|&amp;#xa36a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE CHO|&amp;#xa36b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE CHOP|&amp;#xa36c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE CHET|&amp;#xa36d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE CHEX|&amp;#xa36e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE CHE|&amp;#xa36f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#f1ff63;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|A37x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE CHEP|&amp;#xa370;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE CHUX|&amp;#xa371;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE CHU|&amp;#xa372;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE CHUP|&amp;#xa373;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE CHURX|&amp;#xa374;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE CHUR|&amp;#xa375;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE CHYT|&amp;#xa376;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE CHYX|&amp;#xa377;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE CHY|&amp;#xa378;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE CHYP|&amp;#xa379;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE CHYRX|&amp;#xa37a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE CHYR|&amp;#xa37b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE RRAX|&amp;#xa37c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE RRA|&amp;#xa37d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE RRUOX|&amp;#xa37e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE RRUO|&amp;#xa37f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#f1ff63;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|A38x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE RROT|&amp;#xa380;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE RROX|&amp;#xa381;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE RRO|&amp;#xa382;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE RROP|&amp;#xa383;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE RRET|&amp;#xa384;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE RREX|&amp;#xa385;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE RRE|&amp;#xa386;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE RREP|&amp;#xa387;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE RRUT|&amp;#xa388;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE RRUX|&amp;#xa389;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE RRU|&amp;#xa38a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE RRUP|&amp;#xa38b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE RRURX|&amp;#xa38c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE RRUR|&amp;#xa38d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE RRYT|&amp;#xa38e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE RRYX|&amp;#xa38f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#f1ff63;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|A39x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE RRY|&amp;#xa390;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE RRYP|&amp;#xa391;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE RRYRX|&amp;#xa392;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE RRYR|&amp;#xa393;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NRAT|&amp;#xa394;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NRAX|&amp;#xa395;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NRA|&amp;#xa396;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NRAP|&amp;#xa397;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NROX|&amp;#xa398;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NRO|&amp;#xa399;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NROP|&amp;#xa39a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NRET|&amp;#xa39b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NREX|&amp;#xa39c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NRE|&amp;#xa39d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NREP|&amp;#xa39e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NRUT|&amp;#xa39f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#f1ff63;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|A3Ax
|{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NRUX|&amp;#xa3a0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NRU|&amp;#xa3a1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NRUP|&amp;#xa3a2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NRURX|&amp;#xa3a3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NRUR|&amp;#xa3a4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NRYT|&amp;#xa3a5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NRYX|&amp;#xa3a6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NRY|&amp;#xa3a7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NRYP|&amp;#xa3a8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NRYRX|&amp;#xa3a9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NRYR|&amp;#xa3aa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE SHAT|&amp;#xa3ab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE SHAX|&amp;#xa3ac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE SHA|&amp;#xa3ad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE SHAP|&amp;#xa3ae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE SHUOX|&amp;#xa3af;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#f1ff63;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|A3Bx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE SHUO|&amp;#xa3b0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE SHUOP|&amp;#xa3b1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE SHOT|&amp;#xa3b2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE SHOX|&amp;#xa3b3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE SHO|&amp;#xa3b4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE SHOP|&amp;#xa3b5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE SHET|&amp;#xa3b6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE SHEX|&amp;#xa3b7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE SHE|&amp;#xa3b8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE SHEP|&amp;#xa3b9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE SHUT|&amp;#xa3ba;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE SHUX|&amp;#xa3bb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE SHU|&amp;#xa3bc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE SHUP|&amp;#xa3bd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE SHURX|&amp;#xa3be;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE SHUR|&amp;#xa3bf;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#f1ff63;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|A3Cx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE SHYT|&amp;#xa3c0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE SHYX|&amp;#xa3c1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE SHY|&amp;#xa3c2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE SHYP|&amp;#xa3c3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE SHYRX|&amp;#xa3c4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE SHYR|&amp;#xa3c5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE RAT|&amp;#xa3c6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE RAX|&amp;#xa3c7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE RA|&amp;#xa3c8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE RAP|&amp;#xa3c9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE RUOX|&amp;#xa3ca;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE RUO|&amp;#xa3cb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE RUOP|&amp;#xa3cc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE ROT|&amp;#xa3cd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE ROX|&amp;#xa3ce;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE RO|&amp;#xa3cf;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#f1ff63;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|A3Dx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE ROP|&amp;#xa3d0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE REX|&amp;#xa3d1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE RE|&amp;#xa3d2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE REP|&amp;#xa3d3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE RUT|&amp;#xa3d4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE RUX|&amp;#xa3d5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE RU|&amp;#xa3d6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE RUP|&amp;#xa3d7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE RURX|&amp;#xa3d8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE RUR|&amp;#xa3d9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE RYT|&amp;#xa3da;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE RYX|&amp;#xa3db;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE RY|&amp;#xa3dc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE RYP|&amp;#xa3dd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE RYRX|&amp;#xa3de;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE RYR|&amp;#xa3df;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#f1ff63;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|A3Ex
|{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE JIT|&amp;#xa3e0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE JIX|&amp;#xa3e1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE JI|&amp;#xa3e2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE JIP|&amp;#xa3e3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE JIET|&amp;#xa3e4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE JIEX|&amp;#xa3e5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE JIE|&amp;#xa3e6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE JIEP|&amp;#xa3e7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE JUOT|&amp;#xa3e8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE JUOX|&amp;#xa3e9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE JUO|&amp;#xa3ea;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE JUOP|&amp;#xa3eb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE JOT|&amp;#xa3ec;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE JOX|&amp;#xa3ed;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE JO|&amp;#xa3ee;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE JOP|&amp;#xa3ef;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#f1ff63;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|A3Fx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE JUT|&amp;#xa3f0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE JUX|&amp;#xa3f1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE JU|&amp;#xa3f2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE JUP|&amp;#xa3f3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE JURX|&amp;#xa3f4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE JUR|&amp;#xa3f5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE JYT|&amp;#xa3f6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE JYX|&amp;#xa3f7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE JY|&amp;#xa3f8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE JYP|&amp;#xa3f9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE JYRX|&amp;#xa3fa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE JYR|&amp;#xa3fb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE QIT|&amp;#xa3fc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE QIX|&amp;#xa3fd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE QI|&amp;#xa3fe;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE QIP|&amp;#xa3ff;}}
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#f1ff63;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|A40x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE QIET|&amp;#xa400;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE QIEX|&amp;#xa401;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE QIE|&amp;#xa402;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE QIEP|&amp;#xa403;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE QUOT|&amp;#xa404;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE QUOX|&amp;#xa405;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE QUO|&amp;#xa406;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE QUOP|&amp;#xa407;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE QOT|&amp;#xa408;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE QOX|&amp;#xa409;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE QO|&amp;#xa40a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE QOP|&amp;#xa40b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE QUT|&amp;#xa40c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE QUX|&amp;#xa40d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE QU|&amp;#xa40e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE QUP|&amp;#xa40f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#f1ff63;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|A41x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE QURX|&amp;#xa410;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE QUR|&amp;#xa411;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE QYT|&amp;#xa412;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE QYX|&amp;#xa413;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE QY|&amp;#xa414;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE QYP|&amp;#xa415;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE QYRX|&amp;#xa416;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE QYR|&amp;#xa417;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE JJIT|&amp;#xa418;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE JJIX|&amp;#xa419;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE JJI|&amp;#xa41a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE JJIP|&amp;#xa41b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE JJIET|&amp;#xa41c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE JJIEX|&amp;#xa41d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE JJIE|&amp;#xa41e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE JJIEP|&amp;#xa41f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#f1ff63;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|A42x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE JJUOX|&amp;#xa420;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE JJUO|&amp;#xa421;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE JJUOP|&amp;#xa422;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE JJOT|&amp;#xa423;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE JJOX|&amp;#xa424;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE JJO|&amp;#xa425;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE JJOP|&amp;#xa426;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE JJUT|&amp;#xa427;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE JJUX|&amp;#xa428;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE JJU|&amp;#xa429;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE JJUP|&amp;#xa42a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE JJURX|&amp;#xa42b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE JJUR|&amp;#xa42c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE JJYT|&amp;#xa42d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE JJYX|&amp;#xa42e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE JJY|&amp;#xa42f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#f1ff63;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|A43x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE JJYP|&amp;#xa430;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NJIT|&amp;#xa431;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NJIX|&amp;#xa432;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NJI|&amp;#xa433;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NJIP|&amp;#xa434;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NJIET|&amp;#xa435;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NJIEX|&amp;#xa436;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NJIE|&amp;#xa437;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NJIEP|&amp;#xa438;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NJUOX|&amp;#xa439;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NJUO|&amp;#xa43a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NJOT|&amp;#xa43b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NJOX|&amp;#xa43c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NJO|&amp;#xa43d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NJOP|&amp;#xa43e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NJUX|&amp;#xa43f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#f1ff63;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|A44x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NJU|&amp;#xa440;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NJUP|&amp;#xa441;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NJURX|&amp;#xa442;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NJUR|&amp;#xa443;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NJYT|&amp;#xa444;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NJYX|&amp;#xa445;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NJY|&amp;#xa446;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NJYP|&amp;#xa447;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NJYRX|&amp;#xa448;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NJYR|&amp;#xa449;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NYIT|&amp;#xa44a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NYIX|&amp;#xa44b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NYI|&amp;#xa44c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NYIP|&amp;#xa44d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NYIET|&amp;#xa44e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NYIEX|&amp;#xa44f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#f1ff63;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|A45x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NYIE|&amp;#xa450;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NYIEP|&amp;#xa451;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NYUOX|&amp;#xa452;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NYUO|&amp;#xa453;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NYUOP|&amp;#xa454;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NYOT|&amp;#xa455;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NYOX|&amp;#xa456;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NYO|&amp;#xa457;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NYOP|&amp;#xa458;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NYUT|&amp;#xa459;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NYUX|&amp;#xa45a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NYU|&amp;#xa45b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE NYUP|&amp;#xa45c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE XIT|&amp;#xa45d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE XIX|&amp;#xa45e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE XI|&amp;#xa45f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#f1ff63;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|A46x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE XIP|&amp;#xa460;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE XIET|&amp;#xa461;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE XIEX|&amp;#xa462;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE XIE|&amp;#xa463;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE XIEP|&amp;#xa464;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE XUOX|&amp;#xa465;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE XUO|&amp;#xa466;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE XOT|&amp;#xa467;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE XOX|&amp;#xa468;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE XO|&amp;#xa469;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE XOP|&amp;#xa46a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE XYT|&amp;#xa46b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE XYX|&amp;#xa46c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE XY|&amp;#xa46d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE XYP|&amp;#xa46e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE XYRX|&amp;#xa46f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#f1ff63;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|A47x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE XYR|&amp;#xa470;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE YIT|&amp;#xa471;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE YIX|&amp;#xa472;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE YI|&amp;#xa473;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE YIP|&amp;#xa474;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE YIET|&amp;#xa475;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE YIEX|&amp;#xa476;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE YIE|&amp;#xa477;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE YIEP|&amp;#xa478;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE YUOT|&amp;#xa479;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE YUOX|&amp;#xa47a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE YUO|&amp;#xa47b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE YUOP|&amp;#xa47c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE YOT|&amp;#xa47d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE YOX|&amp;#xa47e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE YO|&amp;#xa47f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#f1ff63;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|A48x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE YOP|&amp;#xa480;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE YUT|&amp;#xa481;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE YUX|&amp;#xa482;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE YU|&amp;#xa483;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE YUP|&amp;#xa484;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE YURX|&amp;#xa485;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE YUR|&amp;#xa486;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE YYT|&amp;#xa487;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE YYX|&amp;#xa488;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE YY|&amp;#xa489;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE YYP|&amp;#xa48a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE YYRX|&amp;#xa48b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI SYLLABLE YYR|&amp;#xa48c;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | '''Yi Radicals'''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#f1ff63;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|A49x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|YI RADICAL QOT|&amp;#xa490;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI RADICAL LI|&amp;#xa491;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI RADICAL KIT|&amp;#xa492;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI RADICAL NYIP|&amp;#xa493;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI RADICAL CYP|&amp;#xa494;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI RADICAL SSI|&amp;#xa495;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI RADICAL GGOP|&amp;#xa496;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI RADICAL GEP|&amp;#xa497;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI RADICAL MI|&amp;#xa498;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI RADICAL HXIT|&amp;#xa499;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI RADICAL LYR|&amp;#xa49a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI RADICAL BBUT|&amp;#xa49b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI RADICAL MOP|&amp;#xa49c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI RADICAL YO|&amp;#xa49d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI RADICAL PUT|&amp;#xa49e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI RADICAL HXUO|&amp;#xa49f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#f1ff63;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|A4Ax
|{{H:title|dotted=no|YI RADICAL TAT|&amp;#xa4a0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI RADICAL GA|&amp;#xa4a1;}}||style=&quot;background:#b1ff69;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|YI RADICAL ZUP|&amp;#xa4a2;}}||style=&quot;background:#b1ff69;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|YI RADICAL CYT|&amp;#xa4a3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI RADICAL DDUR|&amp;#xa4a4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI RADICAL BUR|&amp;#xa4a5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI RADICAL GGUO|&amp;#xa4a6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI RADICAL NYOP|&amp;#xa4a7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI RADICAL TU|&amp;#xa4a8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI RADICAL OP|&amp;#xa4a9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI RADICAL JJUT|&amp;#xa4aa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI RADICAL ZOT|&amp;#xa4ab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI RADICAL PYT|&amp;#xa4ac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI RADICAL HMO|&amp;#xa4ad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI RADICAL YIT|&amp;#xa4ae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI RADICAL VUR|&amp;#xa4af;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#f1ff63;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|A4Bx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|YI RADICAL SHY|&amp;#xa4b0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI RADICAL VEP|&amp;#xa4b1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI RADICAL ZA|&amp;#xa4b2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI RADICAL JO|&amp;#xa4b3;}}||style=&quot;background:#b1ff69;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|YI RADICAL NZUP|&amp;#xa4b4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI RADICAL JJY|&amp;#xa4b5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI RADICAL GOT|&amp;#xa4b6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI RADICAL JJIE|&amp;#xa4b7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI RADICAL WO|&amp;#xa4b8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI RADICAL DU|&amp;#xa4b9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI RADICAL SHUR|&amp;#xa4ba;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI RADICAL LIE|&amp;#xa4bb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI RADICAL CY|&amp;#xa4bc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI RADICAL CUOP|&amp;#xa4bd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI RADICAL CIP|&amp;#xa4be;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YI RADICAL HXOP|&amp;#xa4bf;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|A4Cx
|style=&quot;background:#f1ff63;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|YI RADICAL SHAT|&amp;#xa4c0;}}||style=&quot;background:#b1ff69;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|YI RADICAL ZUR|&amp;#xa4c1;}}||style=&quot;background:#f1ff63;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|YI RADICAL SHOP|&amp;#xa4c2;}}||style=&quot;background:#f1ff63;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|YI RADICAL CHE|&amp;#xa4c3;}}||style=&quot;background:#f1ff63;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|YI RADICAL ZZIET|&amp;#xa4c4;}}||style=&quot;background:#b1ff69;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|YI RADICAL NBIE|&amp;#xa4c5;}}||style=&quot;background:#f1ff63;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|YI RADICAL KE|&amp;#xa4c6;}}||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | '''Lisu'''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|A4Dx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|LISU LETTER BA|&amp;#xa4d0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LISU LETTER PA|&amp;#xa4d1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LISU LETTER PHA|&amp;#xa4d2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LISU LETTER DA|&amp;#xa4d3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LISU LETTER TA|&amp;#xa4d4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LISU LETTER THA|&amp;#xa4d5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LISU LETTER GA|&amp;#xa4d6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LISU LETTER KA|&amp;#xa4d7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LISU LETTER KHA|&amp;#xa4d8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LISU LETTER JA|&amp;#xa4d9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LISU LETTER CA|&amp;#xa4da;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LISU LETTER CHA|&amp;#xa4db;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LISU LETTER DZA|&amp;#xa4dc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LISU LETTER TSA|&amp;#xa4dd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LISU LETTER TSHA|&amp;#xa4de;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LISU LETTER MA|&amp;#xa4df;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|A4Ex
|{{H:title|dotted=no|LISU LETTER NA|&amp;#xa4e0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LISU LETTER LA|&amp;#xa4e1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LISU LETTER SA|&amp;#xa4e2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LISU LETTER ZHA|&amp;#xa4e3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LISU LETTER ZA|&amp;#xa4e4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LISU LETTER NGA|&amp;#xa4e5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LISU LETTER HA|&amp;#xa4e6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LISU LETTER XA|&amp;#xa4e7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LISU LETTER HHA|&amp;#xa4e8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LISU LETTER FA|&amp;#xa4e9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LISU LETTER WA|&amp;#xa4ea;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LISU LETTER SHA|&amp;#xa4eb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LISU LETTER YA|&amp;#xa4ec;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LISU LETTER GHA|&amp;#xa4ed;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LISU LETTER A|&amp;#xa4ee;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LISU LETTER AE|&amp;#xa4ef;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|A4Fx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|LISU LETTER E|&amp;#xa4f0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LISU LETTER EU|&amp;#xa4f1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LISU LETTER I|&amp;#xa4f2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LISU LETTER O|&amp;#xa4f3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LISU LETTER U|&amp;#xa4f4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LISU LETTER UE|&amp;#xa4f5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LISU LETTER UH|&amp;#xa4f6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LISU LETTER OE|&amp;#xa4f7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LISU LETTER TONE MYA TI|&amp;#xa4f8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LISU LETTER TONE NA PO|&amp;#xa4f9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LISU LETTER TONE MYA CYA|&amp;#xa4fa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LISU LETTER TONE MYA BO|&amp;#xa4fb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LISU LETTER TONE MYA NA|&amp;#xa4fc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LISU LETTER TONE MYA JEU|&amp;#xa4fd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LISU PUNCTUATION COMMA|&amp;#xa4fe;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LISU PUNCTUATION FULL STOP|&amp;#xa4ff;}}
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | '''Vai'''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#75ffab;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|A50x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE EE|&amp;#xa500;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE EEN|&amp;#xa501;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE HEE|&amp;#xa502;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE WEE|&amp;#xa503;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE WEEN|&amp;#xa504;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE PEE|&amp;#xa505;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE BHEE|&amp;#xa506;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE BEE|&amp;#xa507;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE MBEE|&amp;#xa508;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE KPEE|&amp;#xa509;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE MGBEE|&amp;#xa50a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE GBEE|&amp;#xa50b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE FEE|&amp;#xa50c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE VEE|&amp;#xa50d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE TEE|&amp;#xa50e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE THEE|&amp;#xa50f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#75ffab;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|A51x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE DHEE|&amp;#xa510;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE DHHEE|&amp;#xa511;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE LEE|&amp;#xa512;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE REE|&amp;#xa513;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE DEE|&amp;#xa514;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE NDEE|&amp;#xa515;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE SEE|&amp;#xa516;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE SHEE|&amp;#xa517;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE ZEE|&amp;#xa518;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE ZHEE|&amp;#xa519;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE CEE|&amp;#xa51a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE JEE|&amp;#xa51b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE NJEE|&amp;#xa51c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE YEE|&amp;#xa51d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE KEE|&amp;#xa51e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE NGGEE|&amp;#xa51f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#75ffab;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|A52x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE GEE|&amp;#xa520;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE MEE|&amp;#xa521;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE NEE|&amp;#xa522;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE NYEE|&amp;#xa523;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE I|&amp;#xa524;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE IN|&amp;#xa525;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE HI|&amp;#xa526;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE HIN|&amp;#xa527;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE WI|&amp;#xa528;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE WIN|&amp;#xa529;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE PI|&amp;#xa52a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE BHI|&amp;#xa52b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE BI|&amp;#xa52c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE MBI|&amp;#xa52d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE KPI|&amp;#xa52e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE MGBI|&amp;#xa52f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#75ffab;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|A53x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE GBI|&amp;#xa530;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE FI|&amp;#xa531;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE VI|&amp;#xa532;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE TI|&amp;#xa533;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE THI|&amp;#xa534;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE DHI|&amp;#xa535;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE DHHI|&amp;#xa536;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE LI|&amp;#xa537;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE RI|&amp;#xa538;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE DI|&amp;#xa539;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE NDI|&amp;#xa53a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE SI|&amp;#xa53b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE SHI|&amp;#xa53c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE ZI|&amp;#xa53d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE ZHI|&amp;#xa53e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE CI|&amp;#xa53f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#75ffab;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|A54x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE JI|&amp;#xa540;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE NJI|&amp;#xa541;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE YI|&amp;#xa542;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE KI|&amp;#xa543;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE NGGI|&amp;#xa544;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE GI|&amp;#xa545;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE MI|&amp;#xa546;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE NI|&amp;#xa547;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE NYI|&amp;#xa548;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE A|&amp;#xa549;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE AN|&amp;#xa54a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE NGAN|&amp;#xa54b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE HA|&amp;#xa54c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE HAN|&amp;#xa54d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE WA|&amp;#xa54e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE WAN|&amp;#xa54f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#75ffab;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|A55x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE PA|&amp;#xa550;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE BHA|&amp;#xa551;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE BA|&amp;#xa552;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE MBA|&amp;#xa553;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE KPA|&amp;#xa554;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE KPAN|&amp;#xa555;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE MGBA|&amp;#xa556;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE GBA|&amp;#xa557;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE FA|&amp;#xa558;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE VA|&amp;#xa559;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE TA|&amp;#xa55a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE THA|&amp;#xa55b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE DHA|&amp;#xa55c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE DHHA|&amp;#xa55d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE LA|&amp;#xa55e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE RA|&amp;#xa55f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#75ffab;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|A56x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE DA|&amp;#xa560;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE NDA|&amp;#xa561;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE SA|&amp;#xa562;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE SHA|&amp;#xa563;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE ZA|&amp;#xa564;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE ZHA|&amp;#xa565;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE CA|&amp;#xa566;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE JA|&amp;#xa567;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE NJA|&amp;#xa568;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE YA|&amp;#xa569;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE KA|&amp;#xa56a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE KAN|&amp;#xa56b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE NGGA|&amp;#xa56c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE GA|&amp;#xa56d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE MA|&amp;#xa56e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE NA|&amp;#xa56f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#75ffab;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|A57x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE NYA|&amp;#xa570;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE OO|&amp;#xa571;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE OON|&amp;#xa572;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE HOO|&amp;#xa573;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE WOO|&amp;#xa574;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE WOON|&amp;#xa575;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE POO|&amp;#xa576;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE BHOO|&amp;#xa577;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE BOO|&amp;#xa578;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE MBOO|&amp;#xa579;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE KPOO|&amp;#xa57a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE MGBOO|&amp;#xa57b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE GBOO|&amp;#xa57c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE FOO|&amp;#xa57d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE VOO|&amp;#xa57e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE TOO|&amp;#xa57f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#75ffab;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|A58x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE THOO|&amp;#xa580;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE DHOO|&amp;#xa581;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE DHHOO|&amp;#xa582;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE LOO|&amp;#xa583;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE ROO|&amp;#xa584;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE DOO|&amp;#xa585;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE NDOO|&amp;#xa586;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE SOO|&amp;#xa587;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE SHOO|&amp;#xa588;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE ZOO|&amp;#xa589;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE ZHOO|&amp;#xa58a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE COO|&amp;#xa58b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE JOO|&amp;#xa58c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE NJOO|&amp;#xa58d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE YOO|&amp;#xa58e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE KOO|&amp;#xa58f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#75ffab;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|A59x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE NGGOO|&amp;#xa590;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE GOO|&amp;#xa591;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE MOO|&amp;#xa592;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE NOO|&amp;#xa593;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE NYOO|&amp;#xa594;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE U|&amp;#xa595;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE UN|&amp;#xa596;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE HU|&amp;#xa597;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE HUN|&amp;#xa598;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE WU|&amp;#xa599;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE WUN|&amp;#xa59a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE PU|&amp;#xa59b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE BHU|&amp;#xa59c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE BU|&amp;#xa59d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE MBU|&amp;#xa59e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE KPU|&amp;#xa59f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#75ffab;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|A5Ax
|{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE MGBU|&amp;#xa5a0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE GBU|&amp;#xa5a1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE FU|&amp;#xa5a2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE VU|&amp;#xa5a3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE TU|&amp;#xa5a4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE THU|&amp;#xa5a5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE DHU|&amp;#xa5a6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE DHHU|&amp;#xa5a7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE LU|&amp;#xa5a8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE RU|&amp;#xa5a9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE DU|&amp;#xa5aa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE NDU|&amp;#xa5ab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE SU|&amp;#xa5ac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE SHU|&amp;#xa5ad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE ZU|&amp;#xa5ae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE ZHU|&amp;#xa5af;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#75ffab;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|A5Bx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE CU|&amp;#xa5b0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE JU|&amp;#xa5b1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE NJU|&amp;#xa5b2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE YU|&amp;#xa5b3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE KU|&amp;#xa5b4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE NGGU|&amp;#xa5b5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE GU|&amp;#xa5b6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE MU|&amp;#xa5b7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE NU|&amp;#xa5b8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE NYU|&amp;#xa5b9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE O|&amp;#xa5ba;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE ON|&amp;#xa5bb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE NGON|&amp;#xa5bc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE HO|&amp;#xa5bd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE HON|&amp;#xa5be;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE WO|&amp;#xa5bf;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#75ffab;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|A5Cx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE WON|&amp;#xa5c0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE PO|&amp;#xa5c1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE BHO|&amp;#xa5c2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE BO|&amp;#xa5c3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE MBO|&amp;#xa5c4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE KPO|&amp;#xa5c5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE MGBO|&amp;#xa5c6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE GBO|&amp;#xa5c7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE GBON|&amp;#xa5c8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE FO|&amp;#xa5c9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE VO|&amp;#xa5ca;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE TO|&amp;#xa5cb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE THO|&amp;#xa5cc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE DHO|&amp;#xa5cd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE DHHO|&amp;#xa5ce;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE LO|&amp;#xa5cf;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#75ffab;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|A5Dx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE RO|&amp;#xa5d0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE DO|&amp;#xa5d1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE NDO|&amp;#xa5d2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE SO|&amp;#xa5d3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE SHO|&amp;#xa5d4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE ZO|&amp;#xa5d5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE ZHO|&amp;#xa5d6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE CO|&amp;#xa5d7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE JO|&amp;#xa5d8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE NJO|&amp;#xa5d9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE YO|&amp;#xa5da;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE KO|&amp;#xa5db;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE NGGO|&amp;#xa5dc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE GO|&amp;#xa5dd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE MO|&amp;#xa5de;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE NO|&amp;#xa5df;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#75ffab;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|A5Ex
|{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE NYO|&amp;#xa5e0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE E|&amp;#xa5e1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE EN|&amp;#xa5e2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE NGEN|&amp;#xa5e3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE HE|&amp;#xa5e4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE HEN|&amp;#xa5e5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE WE|&amp;#xa5e6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE WEN|&amp;#xa5e7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE PE|&amp;#xa5e8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE BHE|&amp;#xa5e9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE BE|&amp;#xa5ea;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE MBE|&amp;#xa5eb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE KPE|&amp;#xa5ec;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE KPEN|&amp;#xa5ed;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE MGBE|&amp;#xa5ee;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE GBE|&amp;#xa5ef;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#75ffab;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|A5Fx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE GBEN|&amp;#xa5f0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE FE|&amp;#xa5f1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE VE|&amp;#xa5f2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE TE|&amp;#xa5f3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE THE|&amp;#xa5f4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE DHE|&amp;#xa5f5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE DHHE|&amp;#xa5f6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE LE|&amp;#xa5f7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE RE|&amp;#xa5f8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE DE|&amp;#xa5f9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE NDE|&amp;#xa5fa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE SE|&amp;#xa5fb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE SHE|&amp;#xa5fc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE ZE|&amp;#xa5fd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE ZHE|&amp;#xa5fe;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE CE|&amp;#xa5ff;}}
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#75ffab;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|A60x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE JE|&amp;#xa600;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE NJE|&amp;#xa601;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE YE|&amp;#xa602;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE KE|&amp;#xa603;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE NGGE|&amp;#xa604;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE NGGEN|&amp;#xa605;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE GE|&amp;#xa606;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE GEN|&amp;#xa607;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE ME|&amp;#xa608;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE NE|&amp;#xa609;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE NYE|&amp;#xa60a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE NG|&amp;#xa60b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE LENGTHENER|&amp;#xa60c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI COMMA|&amp;#xa60d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI FULL STOP|&amp;#xa60e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI QUESTION MARK|&amp;#xa60f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#75ffab;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|A61x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE NDOLE FA|&amp;#xa610;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE NDOLE KA|&amp;#xa611;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE NDOLE SOO|&amp;#xa612;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYMBOL FEENG|&amp;#xa613;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYMBOL KEENG|&amp;#xa614;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYMBOL TING|&amp;#xa615;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYMBOL NII|&amp;#xa616;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYMBOL BANG|&amp;#xa617;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYMBOL FAA|&amp;#xa618;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYMBOL TAA|&amp;#xa619;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYMBOL DANG|&amp;#xa61a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYMBOL DOONG|&amp;#xa61b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYMBOL KUNG|&amp;#xa61c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYMBOL TONG|&amp;#xa61d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYMBOL DO-O|&amp;#xa61e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYMBOL JONG|&amp;#xa61f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#75ffab;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|A62x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI DIGIT ZERO|&amp;#xa620;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI DIGIT ONE|&amp;#xa621;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI DIGIT TWO|&amp;#xa622;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI DIGIT THREE|&amp;#xa623;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI DIGIT FOUR|&amp;#xa624;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI DIGIT FIVE|&amp;#xa625;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI DIGIT SIX|&amp;#xa626;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI DIGIT SEVEN|&amp;#xa627;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI DIGIT EIGHT|&amp;#xa628;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI DIGIT NINE|&amp;#xa629;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE NDOLE MA|&amp;#xa62a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VAI SYLLABLE NDOLE DO|&amp;#xa62b;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|A63x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | '''Cyrillic Extended-B'''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#75ffab;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|A64x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER ZEMLYA|&amp;#xa640;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER ZEMLYA|&amp;#xa641;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER DZELO|&amp;#xa642;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER DZELO|&amp;#xa643;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER REVERSED DZE|&amp;#xa644;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER REVERSED DZE|&amp;#xa645;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER IOTA|&amp;#xa646;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER IOTA|&amp;#xa647;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER DJERV|&amp;#xa648;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER DJERV|&amp;#xa649;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER MONOGRAPH UK|&amp;#xa64a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER MONOGRAPH UK|&amp;#xa64b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER BROAD OMEGA|&amp;#xa64c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER BROAD OMEGA|&amp;#xa64d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER NEUTRAL YER|&amp;#xa64e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER NEUTRAL YER|&amp;#xa64f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#75ffab;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|A65x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER YERU WITH BACK YER|&amp;#xa650;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER YERU WITH BACK YER|&amp;#xa651;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER IOTIFIED YAT|&amp;#xa652;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER IOTIFIED YAT|&amp;#xa653;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER REVERSED YU|&amp;#xa654;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER REVERSED YU|&amp;#xa655;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER IOTIFIED A|&amp;#xa656;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER IOTIFIED A|&amp;#xa657;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER CLOSED LITTLE YUS|&amp;#xa658;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER CLOSED LITTLE YUS|&amp;#xa659;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER BLENDED YUS|&amp;#xa65a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER BLENDED YUS|&amp;#xa65b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER IOTIFIED CLOSED LITTLE YUS|&amp;#xa65c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER IOTIFIED CLOSED LITTLE YUS|&amp;#xa65d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER YN|&amp;#xa65e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER YN|&amp;#xa65f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#75ffab;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|A66x
|style=&quot;background:#7bffe8;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER REVERSED TSE|&amp;#xa660;}}||style=&quot;background:#7bffe8;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER REVERSED TSE|&amp;#xa661;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER SOFT DE|&amp;#xa662;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER SOFT DE|&amp;#xa663;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER SOFT EL|&amp;#xa664;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER SOFT EL|&amp;#xa665;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER SOFT EM|&amp;#xa666;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER SOFT EM|&amp;#xa667;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER MONOCULAR O|&amp;#xa668;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER MONOCULAR O|&amp;#xa669;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER BINOCULAR O|&amp;#xa66a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER BINOCULAR O|&amp;#xa66b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER DOUBLE MONOCULAR O|&amp;#xa66c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER DOUBLE MONOCULAR O|&amp;#xa66d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC LETTER MULTIOCULAR O|&amp;#xa66e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC VZMET|&amp;nbsp;&amp;#xa66f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#75ffab;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|A67x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC TEN MILLIONS SIGN|&amp;#xa670;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC HUNDRED MILLIONS SIGN|&amp;#xa671;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC THOUSAND MILLIONS SIGN|&amp;#xa672;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SLAVONIC ASTERISK|&amp;#xa673;}}||style=&quot;background:#7ef9ff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER UKRAINIAN IE|&amp;#xa674;}}||style=&quot;background:#7ef9ff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER I|&amp;#xa675;}}||style=&quot;background:#7ef9ff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER YI|&amp;#xa676;}}||style=&quot;background:#7ef9ff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER U|&amp;#xa677;}}||style=&quot;background:#7ef9ff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER HARD SIGN|&amp;#xa678;}}||style=&quot;background:#7ef9ff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER YERU|&amp;#xa679;}}||style=&quot;background:#7ef9ff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER SOFT SIGN|&amp;#xa67a;}}||style=&quot;background:#7ef9ff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER OMEGA|&amp;#xa67b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC KAVYKA|&amp;nbsp;&amp;#xa67c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC PAYEROK|&amp;nbsp;&amp;#xa67d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC KAVYKA|&amp;#xa67e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC PAYEROK|&amp;#xa67f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#75ffab;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|A68x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER DWE|&amp;#xa680;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER DWE|&amp;#xa681;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER DZWE|&amp;#xa682;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER DZWE|&amp;#xa683;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER ZHWE|&amp;#xa684;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER ZHWE|&amp;#xa685;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER CCHE|&amp;#xa686;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER CCHE|&amp;#xa687;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER DZZE|&amp;#xa688;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER DZZE|&amp;#xa689;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER TE WITH MIDDLE HOOK|&amp;#xa68a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER TE WITH MIDDLE HOOK|&amp;#xa68b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER TWE|&amp;#xa68c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER TWE|&amp;#xa68d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER TSWE|&amp;#xa68e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER TSWE|&amp;#xa68f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#75ffab;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|A69x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER TSSE|&amp;#xa690;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER TSSE|&amp;#xa691;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER TCHE|&amp;#xa692;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER TCHE|&amp;#xa693;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER HWE|&amp;#xa694;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER HWE|&amp;#xa695;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER SHWE|&amp;#xa696;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER SHWE|&amp;#xa697;}}||style=&quot;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER DOUBLE O|&amp;#xa698;}}||style=&quot;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER DOUBLE O|&amp;#xa699;}}||style=&quot;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER CROSSED O|&amp;#xa69a;}}||style=&quot;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER CROSSED O|&amp;#xa69b;}}||style=&quot;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER CYRILLIC HARD SIGN|&amp;#xa69c;}}||style=&quot;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER CYRILLIC SOFT SIGN|&amp;#xa69d;}}||style=&quot;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER EF|&amp;nbsp;&amp;#xa69e;}}||style=&quot;background:#7ef9ff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER IOTIFIED E|&amp;#xa69f;}}
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | '''Bamum'''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|A6Ax
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER A|&amp;#xa6a0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER KA|&amp;#xa6a1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER U|&amp;#xa6a2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER KU|&amp;#xa6a3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER EE|&amp;#xa6a4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER REE|&amp;#xa6a5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER TAE|&amp;#xa6a6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER O|&amp;#xa6a7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER NYI|&amp;#xa6a8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER I|&amp;#xa6a9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER LA|&amp;#xa6aa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PA|&amp;#xa6ab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER RII|&amp;#xa6ac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER RIEE|&amp;#xa6ad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER LEEEE|&amp;#xa6ae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER MEEEE|&amp;#xa6af;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|A6Bx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER TAA|&amp;#xa6b0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER NDAA|&amp;#xa6b1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER NJAEM|&amp;#xa6b2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER M|&amp;#xa6b3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER SUU|&amp;#xa6b4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER MU|&amp;#xa6b5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER SHII|&amp;#xa6b6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER SI|&amp;#xa6b7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER SHEUX|&amp;#xa6b8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER SEUX|&amp;#xa6b9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER KYEE|&amp;#xa6ba;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER KET|&amp;#xa6bb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER NUAE|&amp;#xa6bc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER NU|&amp;#xa6bd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER NJUAE|&amp;#xa6be;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER YOQ|&amp;#xa6bf;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|A6Cx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER SHU|&amp;#xa6c0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER YUQ|&amp;#xa6c1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER YA|&amp;#xa6c2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER NSHA|&amp;#xa6c3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER KEUX|&amp;#xa6c4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PEUX|&amp;#xa6c5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER NJEE|&amp;#xa6c6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER NTEE|&amp;#xa6c7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PUE|&amp;#xa6c8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER WUE|&amp;#xa6c9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PEE|&amp;#xa6ca;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER FEE|&amp;#xa6cb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER RU|&amp;#xa6cc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER LU|&amp;#xa6cd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER MI|&amp;#xa6ce;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER NI|&amp;#xa6cf;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|A6Dx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER REUX|&amp;#xa6d0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER RAE|&amp;#xa6d1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER KEN|&amp;#xa6d2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER NGKWAEN|&amp;#xa6d3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER NGGA|&amp;#xa6d4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER NGA|&amp;#xa6d5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER SHO|&amp;#xa6d6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PUAE|&amp;#xa6d7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER FU|&amp;#xa6d8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER FOM|&amp;#xa6d9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER WA|&amp;#xa6da;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER NA|&amp;#xa6db;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER LI|&amp;#xa6dc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PI|&amp;#xa6dd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER LOQ|&amp;#xa6de;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER KO|&amp;#xa6df;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|A6Ex
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER MBEN|&amp;#xa6e0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER REN|&amp;#xa6e1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER MEN|&amp;#xa6e2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER MA|&amp;#xa6e3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER TI|&amp;#xa6e4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER KI|&amp;#xa6e5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER MO|&amp;#xa6e6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER MBAA|&amp;#xa6e7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER TET|&amp;#xa6e8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER KPA|&amp;#xa6e9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER TEN|&amp;#xa6ea;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER NTUU|&amp;#xa6eb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER SAMBA|&amp;#xa6ec;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER FAAMAE|&amp;#xa6ed;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER KOVUU|&amp;#xa6ee;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER KOGHOM|&amp;#xa6ef;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|A6Fx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM COMBINING MARK KOQNDON|&amp;#xa6f0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM COMBINING MARK TUKWENTIS|&amp;#xa6f1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM NJAEMLI|&amp;#xa6f2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM FULL STOP|&amp;#xa6f3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM COLON|&amp;#xa6f4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM COMMA|&amp;#xa6f5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM SEMICOLON|&amp;#xa6f6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM QUESTION MARK|&amp;#xa6f7;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | '''Modifier Tone Letters'''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#75ff6f;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|A70x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER CHINESE TONE YIN PING|&amp;#xa700;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER CHINESE TONE YANG PING|&amp;#xa701;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER CHINESE TONE YIN SHANG|&amp;#xa702;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER CHINESE TONE YANG SHANG|&amp;#xa703;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER CHINESE TONE YIN QU|&amp;#xa704;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER CHINESE TONE YANG QU|&amp;#xa705;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER CHINESE TONE YIN RU|&amp;#xa706;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER CHINESE TONE YANG RU|&amp;#xa707;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER EXTRA-HIGH DOTTED TONE BAR|&amp;#xa708;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER HIGH DOTTED TONE BAR|&amp;#xa709;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER MID DOTTED TONE BAR|&amp;#xa70a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER LOW DOTTED TONE BAR|&amp;#xa70b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER EXTRA-LOW DOTTED TONE BAR|&amp;#xa70c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER EXTRA-HIGH DOTTED LEFT-STEM TONE BAR|&amp;#xa70d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER HIGH DOTTED LEFT-STEM TONE BAR|&amp;#xa70e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER MID DOTTED LEFT-STEM TONE BAR|&amp;#xa70f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#75ff6f;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|A71x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER LOW DOTTED LEFT-STEM TONE BAR|&amp;#xa710;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER EXTRA-LOW DOTTED LEFT-STEM TONE BAR|&amp;#xa711;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER EXTRA-HIGH LEFT-STEM TONE BAR|&amp;#xa712;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER HIGH LEFT-STEM TONE BAR|&amp;#xa713;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER MID LEFT-STEM TONE BAR|&amp;#xa714;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER LOW LEFT-STEM TONE BAR|&amp;#xa715;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER EXTRA-LOW LEFT-STEM TONE BAR|&amp;#xa716;}}||style=&quot;background:#72ff8a;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER DOT VERTICAL BAR|&amp;nbsp;&amp;#xa717;}}||style=&quot;background:#72ff8a;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER DOT SLASH|&amp;nbsp;&amp;#xa718;}}||style=&quot;background:#72ff8a;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER DOT HORIZONTAL BAR|&amp;nbsp;&amp;#xa719;}}||style=&quot;background:#72ff8a;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER LOWER RIGHT CORNER ANGLE|&amp;nbsp;&amp;#xa71a;}}||style=&quot;background:#75ffab;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER RAISED UP ARROW|&amp;#xa71b;}}||style=&quot;background:#75ffab;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER RAISED DOWN ARROW|&amp;#xa71c;}}||style=&quot;background:#75ffab;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER RAISED EXCLAMATION MARK|&amp;#xa71d;}}||style=&quot;background:#75ffab;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER RAISED INVERTED EXCLAMATION MARK|&amp;#xa71e;}}||style=&quot;background:#75ffab;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER LOW INVERTED EXCLAMATION MARK|&amp;#xa71f;}}
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | '''Latin Extended-D'''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#75ffab;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|A72x
|style=&quot;background:#72ff8a;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER STRESS AND HIGH TONE|&amp;nbsp;&amp;#xa720;}}||style=&quot;background:#72ff8a;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER STRESS AND LOW TONE|&amp;nbsp;&amp;#xa721;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER EGYPTOLOGICAL ALEF|&amp;#xa722;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER EGYPTOLOGICAL ALEF|&amp;#xa723;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER EGYPTOLOGICAL AIN|&amp;#xa724;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER EGYPTOLOGICAL AIN|&amp;#xa725;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER HENG|&amp;#xa726;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER HENG|&amp;#xa727;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER TZ|&amp;#xa728;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER TZ|&amp;#xa729;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER TRESILLO|&amp;#xa72a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER TRESILLO|&amp;#xa72b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER CUATRILLO|&amp;#xa72c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER CUATRILLO|&amp;#xa72d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER CUATRILLO WITH COMMA|&amp;#xa72e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER CUATRILLO WITH COMMA|&amp;#xa72f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#75ffab;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|A73x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN LETTER SMALL CAPITAL F|&amp;#xa730;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN LETTER SMALL CAPITAL S|&amp;#xa731;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER AA|&amp;#xa732;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER AA|&amp;#xa733;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER AO|&amp;#xa734;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER AO|&amp;#xa735;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER AU|&amp;#xa736;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER AU|&amp;#xa737;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER AV|&amp;#xa738;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER AV|&amp;#xa739;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER AV WITH HORIZONTAL BAR|&amp;#xa73a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER AV WITH HORIZONTAL BAR|&amp;#xa73b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER AY|&amp;#xa73c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER AY|&amp;#xa73d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER REVERSED C WITH DOT|&amp;#xa73e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER REVERSED C WITH DOT|&amp;#xa73f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#75ffab;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|A74x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER K WITH STROKE|&amp;#xa740;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER K WITH STROKE|&amp;#xa741;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER K WITH DIAGONAL STROKE|&amp;#xa742;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER K WITH DIAGONAL STROKE|&amp;#xa743;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER K WITH STROKE AND DIAGONAL STROKE|&amp;#xa744;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER K WITH STROKE AND DIAGONAL STROKE|&amp;#xa745;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER BROKEN L|&amp;#xa746;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER BROKEN L|&amp;#xa747;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER L WITH HIGH STROKE|&amp;#xa748;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER L WITH HIGH STROKE|&amp;#xa749;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH LONG STROKE OVERLAY|&amp;#xa74a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH LONG STROKE OVERLAY|&amp;#xa74b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH LOOP|&amp;#xa74c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH LOOP|&amp;#xa74d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER OO|&amp;#xa74e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER OO|&amp;#xa74f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#75ffab;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|A75x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER P WITH STROKE THROUGH DESCENDER|&amp;#xa750;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER P WITH STROKE THROUGH DESCENDER|&amp;#xa751;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER P WITH FLOURISH|&amp;#xa752;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER P WITH FLOURISH|&amp;#xa753;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER P WITH SQUIRREL TAIL|&amp;#xa754;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER P WITH SQUIRREL TAIL|&amp;#xa755;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Q WITH STROKE THROUGH DESCENDER|&amp;#xa756;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER Q WITH STROKE THROUGH DESCENDER|&amp;#xa757;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Q WITH DIAGONAL STROKE|&amp;#xa758;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER Q WITH DIAGONAL STROKE|&amp;#xa759;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER R ROTUNDA|&amp;#xa75a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER R ROTUNDA|&amp;#xa75b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER RUM ROTUNDA|&amp;#xa75c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER RUM ROTUNDA|&amp;#xa75d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER V WITH DIAGONAL STROKE|&amp;#xa75e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER V WITH DIAGONAL STROKE|&amp;#xa75f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#75ffab;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|A76x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER VY|&amp;#xa760;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER VY|&amp;#xa761;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER VISIGOTHIC Z|&amp;#xa762;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER VISIGOTHIC Z|&amp;#xa763;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER THORN WITH STROKE|&amp;#xa764;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER THORN WITH STROKE|&amp;#xa765;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER THORN WITH STROKE THROUGH DESCENDER|&amp;#xa766;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER THORN WITH STROKE THROUGH DESCENDER|&amp;#xa767;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER VEND|&amp;#xa768;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER VEND|&amp;#xa769;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER ET|&amp;#xa76a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER ET|&amp;#xa76b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER IS|&amp;#xa76c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER IS|&amp;#xa76d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER CON|&amp;#xa76e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER CON|&amp;#xa76f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#75ffab;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|A77x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER US|&amp;#xa770;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER DUM|&amp;#xa771;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER LUM|&amp;#xa772;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER MUM|&amp;#xa773;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER NUM|&amp;#xa774;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER RUM|&amp;#xa775;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN LETTER SMALL CAPITAL RUM|&amp;#xa776;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER TUM|&amp;#xa777;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER UM|&amp;#xa778;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER INSULAR D|&amp;#xa779;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER INSULAR D|&amp;#xa77a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER INSULAR F|&amp;#xa77b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER INSULAR F|&amp;#xa77c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER INSULAR G|&amp;#xa77d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER TURNED INSULAR G|&amp;#xa77e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED INSULAR G|&amp;#xa77f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#75ffab;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|A78x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER TURNED L|&amp;#xa780;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED L|&amp;#xa781;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER INSULAR R|&amp;#xa782;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER INSULAR R|&amp;#xa783;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER INSULAR S|&amp;#xa784;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER INSULAR S|&amp;#xa785;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER INSULAR T|&amp;#xa786;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER INSULAR T|&amp;#xa787;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER LOW CIRCUMFLEX ACCENT|&amp;#xa788;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER COLON|&amp;#xa789;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SHORT EQUALS SIGN|&amp;#xa78a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER SALTILLO|&amp;#xa78b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER SALTILLO|&amp;#xa78c;}}||style=&quot;background:#7bffe8;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER TURNED H|&amp;#xa78d;}}||style=&quot;background:#7bffe8;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER L WITH RETROFLEX HOOK AND BELT|&amp;#xa78e;}}||style=&quot;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN LETTER SINOLOGICAL DOT|&amp;#xa78f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|A79x
|style=&quot;background:#7bffe8;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER N WITH DESCENDER|&amp;#xa790;}}||style=&quot;background:#7bffe8;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER N WITH DESCENDER|&amp;#xa791;}}||style=&quot;background:#7ef9ff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER C WITH BAR|&amp;#xa792;}}||style=&quot;background:#7ef9ff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER C WITH BAR|&amp;#xa793;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER C WITH PALATAL HOOK|&amp;#xa794;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER H WITH PALATAL HOOK|&amp;#xa795;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER B WITH FLOURISH|&amp;#xa796;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER B WITH FLOURISH|&amp;#xa797;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER F WITH STROKE|&amp;#xa798;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER F WITH STROKE|&amp;#xa799;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER VOLAPUK AE|&amp;#xa79a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER VOLAPUK AE|&amp;#xa79b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER VOLAPUK OE|&amp;#xa79c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER VOLAPUK OE|&amp;#xa79d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER VOLAPUK UE|&amp;#xa79e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER VOLAPUK UE|&amp;#xa79f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#7bffe8;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|A7Ax
|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER G WITH OBLIQUE STROKE|&amp;#xa7a0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER G WITH OBLIQUE STROKE|&amp;#xa7a1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER K WITH OBLIQUE STROKE|&amp;#xa7a2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER K WITH OBLIQUE STROKE|&amp;#xa7a3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER N WITH OBLIQUE STROKE|&amp;#xa7a4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER N WITH OBLIQUE STROKE|&amp;#xa7a5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER R WITH OBLIQUE STROKE|&amp;#xa7a6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER R WITH OBLIQUE STROKE|&amp;#xa7a7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER S WITH OBLIQUE STROKE|&amp;#xa7a8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER S WITH OBLIQUE STROKE|&amp;#xa7a9;}}||style=&quot;background:#7ef9ff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER H WITH HOOK|&amp;#xa7aa;}}||style=&quot;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER REVERSED OPEN E|&amp;#xa7ab;}}||style=&quot;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER SCRIPT G|&amp;#xa7ac;}}||style=&quot;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER L WITH BELT|&amp;#xa7ad;}}||style=&quot;background:#ffb0ff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER SMALL CAPITAL I|&amp;#xa7ae;}}||style=&quot;background:#d093ff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN LETTER SMALL CAPITAL Q|&amp;#xa7af;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|A7Bx
|style=&quot;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER TURNED K|&amp;#xa7b0;}}||style=&quot;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER TURNED T|&amp;#xa7b1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER J WITH CROSSED-TAIL|&amp;#xa7b2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER CHI|&amp;#xa7b3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER BETA|&amp;#xa7b4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER BETA|&amp;#xa7b5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER OMEGA|&amp;#xa7b6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER OMEGA|&amp;#xa7b7;}}||style=&quot;background:#d093ff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH STROKE|&amp;#xa7b8;}}||style=&quot;background:#d093ff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH STROKE|&amp;#xa7b9;}}||style=&quot;background:#e896ff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER GLOTTAL A|&amp;#xa7ba;}}||style=&quot;background:#e896ff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER GLOTTAL A|&amp;#xa7bb;}}||style=&quot;background:#e896ff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER GLOTTAL I|&amp;#xa7bc;}}||style=&quot;background:#e896ff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER GLOTTAL I|&amp;#xa7bd;}}||style=&quot;background:#e896ff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER GLOTTAL U|&amp;#xa7be;}}||style=&quot;background:#e896ff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER GLOTTAL U|&amp;#xa7bf;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|A7Cx
|style=&quot;background:#ffc0e0;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER OLD POLISH O|&amp;#xa7c0;}}||style=&quot;background:#ffc0e0;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER OLD POLISH O|&amp;#xa7c1;}}||style=&quot;background:#e896ff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER ANGLICANA W|&amp;#xa7c2;}}||style=&quot;background:#e896ff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER ANGLICANA W|&amp;#xa7c3;}}||style=&quot;background:#e896ff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER C WITH PALATAL HOOK|&amp;#xa7c4;}}||style=&quot;background:#e896ff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER S WITH HOOK|&amp;#xa7c5;}}||style=&quot;background:#e896ff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Z WITH PALATAL HOOK|&amp;#xa7c6;}}||style=&quot;background:#ffb0ff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER D WITH SHORT STROKE OVERLAY|&amp;#xa7c7;}}||style=&quot;background:#ffb0ff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER D WITH SHORT STROKE OVERLAY|&amp;#xa7c8;}}||style=&quot;background:#ffb0ff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER S WITH SHORT STROKE OVERLAY|&amp;#xa7c9;}}||style=&quot;background:#ffb0ff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER S WITH SHORT STROKE OVERLAY|&amp;#xa7ca;}}||style=&quot;background:#edc3b4;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER RAMS HORN|&amp;#xa7cb;}}||style=&quot;background:#edc3b4;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER S WITH DIAGONAL STROKE|&amp;#xa7cc;}}||style=&quot;background:#edc3b4;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER S WITH DIAGONAL STROKE|&amp;#xa7cd;}}||style=&quot;background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER PHARYNGEAL VOICED
FRICATIVE|&amp;#xa7ce;}}||style=&quot;background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER PHARYNGEAL VOICED
FRICATIVE|&amp;#xa7cf;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|A7Dx
|style=&quot;background:#ffc0e0;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER CLOSED INSULAR G|&amp;#xa7d0;}}||style=&quot;background:#ffc0e0;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER CLOSED INSULAR G|&amp;#xa7d1;}}||style=&quot;background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER DOUBLE THORN|&amp;#xa7d2;}}||style=&quot;background:#ffc0e0;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER DOUBLE THORN|&amp;#xa7d3;}}||style=&quot;background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER DOUBLE WYNN|&amp;#xa7d4;}}||style=&quot;background:#ffc0e0;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER DOUBLE WYNN|&amp;#xa7d5;}}||style=&quot;background:#ffc0e0;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER MIDDLE SCOTS S|&amp;#xa7d6;}}||style=&quot;background:#ffc0e0;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER MIDDLE SCOTS S|&amp;#xa7d7;}}||style=&quot;background:#ffc0e0;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER SIGMOID S|&amp;#xa7d8;}}||style=&quot;background:#ffc0e0;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER SIGMOID S|&amp;#xa7d9;}}||style=&quot;background:#edc3b4;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER LAMBDA|&amp;#xa7da;}}||style=&quot;background:#edc3b4;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER LAMBDA|&amp;#xa7db;}}||style=&quot;background:#edc3b4;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER LAMBDA WITH STROKE|&amp;#xa7dc;}}||style=&quot;background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER CLOSED OMEGA STROKE|&amp;#xa7dd;}}||style=&quot;{{ProvUntargeted}};{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I WITH OBLIQUE STROKE|&amp;#xa7de;}}||style=&quot;{{ProvUntargeted}};{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER I WITH OBLIQUE STROKE|&amp;#xa7df;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|A7Ex
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER R WITH LONG LEG|&amp;#xa7e2;}}||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|A7Fx
|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER CAPITAL S|&amp;#xa7f1;}}||style=&quot;background:#ffc0e0;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER CAPITAL C|&amp;#xa7f2;}}||style=&quot;background:#ffc0e0;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER CAPITAL F|&amp;#xa7f3;}}||style=&quot;background:#ffc0e0;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER CAPITAL Q|&amp;#xa7f4;}}||style=&quot;background:#ffb0ff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER REVERSED HALF H|&amp;#xa7f5;}}||style=&quot;background:#ffb0ff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER REVERSED HALF H|&amp;#xa7f6;}}||style=&quot;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN EPIGRAPHIC LETTER SIDEWAYS I|&amp;#xa7f7;}}||style=&quot;background:#7ef9ff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER CAPITAL H WITH STROKE|&amp;#xa7f8;}}||style=&quot;background:#7ef9ff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL LIGATURE OE|&amp;#xa7f9;}}||style=&quot;background:#7bffe8;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN LETTER SMALL CAPITAL TURNED M|&amp;#xa7fa;}}||style=&quot;background:#75ffab;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN EPIGRAPHIC LETTER REVERSED F|&amp;#xa7fb;}}||style=&quot;background:#75ffab;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN EPIGRAPHIC LETTER REVERSED P|&amp;#xa7fc;}}||style=&quot;background:#75ffab;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN EPIGRAPHIC LETTER INVERTED M|&amp;#xa7fd;}}||style=&quot;background:#75ffab;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN EPIGRAPHIC LETTER I LONGA|&amp;#xa7fe;}}||style=&quot;background:#75ffab;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN EPIGRAPHIC LETTER ARCHAIC M|&amp;#xa7ff;}}
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | '''Syloti Nagri'''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#75ff6f;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|A80x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|SYLOTI NAGRI LETTER A|&amp;#xa800;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYLOTI NAGRI LETTER I|&amp;#xa801;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYLOTI NAGRI SIGN DVISVARA|&amp;#xa802;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYLOTI NAGRI LETTER U|&amp;#xa803;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYLOTI NAGRI LETTER E|&amp;#xa804;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYLOTI NAGRI LETTER O|&amp;#xa805;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYLOTI NAGRI SIGN HASANTA|&amp;#xa806;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYLOTI NAGRI LETTER KO|&amp;#xa807;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYLOTI NAGRI LETTER KHO|&amp;#xa808;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYLOTI NAGRI LETTER GO|&amp;#xa809;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYLOTI NAGRI LETTER GHO|&amp;#xa80a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYLOTI NAGRI SIGN ANUSVARA|&amp;#xa80b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYLOTI NAGRI LETTER CO|&amp;#xa80c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYLOTI NAGRI LETTER CHO|&amp;#xa80d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYLOTI NAGRI LETTER JO|&amp;#xa80e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYLOTI NAGRI LETTER JHO|&amp;#xa80f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#75ff6f;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|A81x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|SYLOTI NAGRI LETTER TTO|&amp;#xa810;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYLOTI NAGRI LETTER TTHO|&amp;#xa811;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYLOTI NAGRI LETTER DDO|&amp;#xa812;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYLOTI NAGRI LETTER DDHO|&amp;#xa813;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYLOTI NAGRI LETTER TO|&amp;#xa814;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYLOTI NAGRI LETTER THO|&amp;#xa815;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYLOTI NAGRI LETTER DO|&amp;#xa816;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYLOTI NAGRI LETTER DHO|&amp;#xa817;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYLOTI NAGRI LETTER NO|&amp;#xa818;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYLOTI NAGRI LETTER PO|&amp;#xa819;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYLOTI NAGRI LETTER PHO|&amp;#xa81a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYLOTI NAGRI LETTER BO|&amp;#xa81b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYLOTI NAGRI LETTER BHO|&amp;#xa81c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYLOTI NAGRI LETTER MO|&amp;#xa81d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYLOTI NAGRI LETTER RO|&amp;#xa81e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYLOTI NAGRI LETTER LO|&amp;#xa81f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#75ff6f;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|A82x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|SYLOTI NAGRI LETTER RRO|&amp;#xa820;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYLOTI NAGRI LETTER SO|&amp;#xa821;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYLOTI NAGRI LETTER HO|&amp;#xa822;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYLOTI NAGRI VOWEL SIGN A|&amp;#xa823;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYLOTI NAGRI VOWEL SIGN I|&amp;#xa824;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYLOTI NAGRI VOWEL SIGN U|&amp;#xa825;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYLOTI NAGRI VOWEL SIGN E|&amp;#xa826;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYLOTI NAGRI VOWEL SIGN OO|&amp;#xa827;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYLOTI NAGRI POETRY MARK-1|&amp;#xa828;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYLOTI NAGRI POETRY MARK-2|&amp;#xa829;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYLOTI NAGRI POETRY MARK-3|&amp;#xa82a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYLOTI NAGRI POETRY MARK-4|&amp;#xa82b;}}||style=&quot;background:#ffb0ff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|SYLOTI NAGRI SIGN ALTERNATE HASANTA|&amp;#xa82c;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | '''Common Indic Number Forms'''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|A83x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|NORTH INDIC FRACTION ONE QUARTER|&amp;#xa830;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NORTH INDIC FRACTION ONE HALF|&amp;#xa831;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NORTH INDIC FRACTION THREE QUARTERS|&amp;#xa832;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NORTH INDIC FRACTION ONE SIXTEENTH|&amp;#xa833;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NORTH INDIC FRACTION ONE EIGHTH|&amp;#xa834;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NORTH INDIC FRACTION THREE SIXTEENTHS|&amp;#xa835;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NORTH INDIC QUARTER MARK|&amp;#xa836;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NORTH INDIC PLACEHOLDER MARK|&amp;#xa837;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NORTH INDIC RUPEE MARK|&amp;#xa838;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NORTH INDIC QUANTITY MARK|&amp;#xa839;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | '''Phags-pa'''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#72ff8a;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|A84x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|PHAGS-PA LETTER KA|&amp;#xa840;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHAGS-PA LETTER KHA|&amp;#xa841;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHAGS-PA LETTER GA|&amp;#xa842;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHAGS-PA LETTER NGA|&amp;#xa843;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHAGS-PA LETTER CA|&amp;#xa844;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHAGS-PA LETTER CHA|&amp;#xa845;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHAGS-PA LETTER JA|&amp;#xa846;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHAGS-PA LETTER NYA|&amp;#xa847;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHAGS-PA LETTER TA|&amp;#xa848;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHAGS-PA LETTER THA|&amp;#xa849;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHAGS-PA LETTER DA|&amp;#xa84a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHAGS-PA LETTER NA|&amp;#xa84b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHAGS-PA LETTER PA|&amp;#xa84c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHAGS-PA LETTER PHA|&amp;#xa84d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHAGS-PA LETTER BA|&amp;#xa84e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHAGS-PA LETTER MA|&amp;#xa84f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#72ff8a;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|A85x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|PHAGS-PA LETTER TSA|&amp;#xa850;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHAGS-PA LETTER TSHA|&amp;#xa851;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHAGS-PA LETTER DZA|&amp;#xa852;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHAGS-PA LETTER WA|&amp;#xa853;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHAGS-PA LETTER ZHA|&amp;#xa854;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHAGS-PA LETTER ZA|&amp;#xa855;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHAGS-PA LETTER SMALL A|&amp;#xa856;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHAGS-PA LETTER YA|&amp;#xa857;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHAGS-PA LETTER RA|&amp;#xa858;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHAGS-PA LETTER LA|&amp;#xa859;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHAGS-PA LETTER SHA|&amp;#xa85a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHAGS-PA LETTER SA|&amp;#xa85b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHAGS-PA LETTER HA|&amp;#xa85c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHAGS-PA LETTER A|&amp;#xa85d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHAGS-PA LETTER I|&amp;#xa85e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHAGS-PA LETTER U|&amp;#xa85f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#72ff8a;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|A86x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|PHAGS-PA LETTER E|&amp;#xa860;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHAGS-PA LETTER O|&amp;#xa861;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHAGS-PA LETTER QA|&amp;#xa862;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHAGS-PA LETTER XA|&amp;#xa863;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHAGS-PA LETTER FA|&amp;#xa864;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHAGS-PA LETTER GGA|&amp;#xa865;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHAGS-PA LETTER EE|&amp;#xa866;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHAGS-PA SUBJOINED LETTER WA|&amp;#xa867;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHAGS-PA SUBJOINED LETTER YA|&amp;#xa868;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHAGS-PA LETTER TTA|&amp;#xa869;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHAGS-PA LETTER TTHA|&amp;#xa86a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHAGS-PA LETTER DDA|&amp;#xa86b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHAGS-PA LETTER NNA|&amp;#xa86c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHAGS-PA LETTER ALTERNATE YA|&amp;#xa86d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHAGS-PA LETTER VOICELESS SHA|&amp;#xa86e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHAGS-PA LETTER VOICED HA|&amp;#xa86f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#72ff8a;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|A87x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|PHAGS-PA LETTER ASPIRATED FA|&amp;#xa870;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHAGS-PA SUBJOINED LETTER RA|&amp;#xa871;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHAGS-PA SUPERFIXED LETTER RA|&amp;#xa872;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHAGS-PA LETTER CANDRABINDU|&amp;#xa873;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHAGS-PA SINGLE HEAD MARK|&amp;#xa874;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHAGS-PA DOUBLE HEAD MARK|&amp;#xa875;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHAGS-PA MARK SHAD|&amp;#xa876;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHAGS-PA MARK DOUBLE SHAD|&amp;#xa877;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | '''Saurashtra'''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#75ffab;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|A88x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|SAURASHTRA SIGN ANUSVARA|&amp;#xa880;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAURASHTRA SIGN VISARGA|&amp;#xa881;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAURASHTRA LETTER A|&amp;#xa882;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAURASHTRA LETTER AA|&amp;#xa883;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAURASHTRA LETTER I|&amp;#xa884;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAURASHTRA LETTER II|&amp;#xa885;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAURASHTRA LETTER U|&amp;#xa886;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAURASHTRA LETTER UU|&amp;#xa887;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAURASHTRA LETTER VOCALIC R|&amp;#xa888;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAURASHTRA LETTER VOCALIC RR|&amp;#xa889;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAURASHTRA LETTER VOCALIC L|&amp;#xa88a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAURASHTRA LETTER VOCALIC LL|&amp;#xa88b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAURASHTRA LETTER E|&amp;#xa88c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAURASHTRA LETTER EE|&amp;#xa88d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAURASHTRA LETTER AI|&amp;#xa88e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAURASHTRA LETTER O|&amp;#xa88f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#75ffab;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|A89x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|SAURASHTRA LETTER OO|&amp;#xa890;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAURASHTRA LETTER AU|&amp;#xa891;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAURASHTRA LETTER KA|&amp;#xa892;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAURASHTRA LETTER KHA|&amp;#xa893;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAURASHTRA LETTER GA|&amp;#xa894;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAURASHTRA LETTER GHA|&amp;#xa895;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAURASHTRA LETTER NGA|&amp;#xa896;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAURASHTRA LETTER CA|&amp;#xa897;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAURASHTRA LETTER CHA|&amp;#xa898;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAURASHTRA LETTER JA|&amp;#xa899;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAURASHTRA LETTER JHA|&amp;#xa89a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAURASHTRA LETTER NYA|&amp;#xa89b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAURASHTRA LETTER TTA|&amp;#xa89c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAURASHTRA LETTER TTHA|&amp;#xa89d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAURASHTRA LETTER DDA|&amp;#xa89e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAURASHTRA LETTER DDHA|&amp;#xa89f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#75ffab;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|A8Ax
|{{H:title|dotted=no|SAURASHTRA LETTER NNA|&amp;#xa8a0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAURASHTRA LETTER TA|&amp;#xa8a1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAURASHTRA LETTER THA|&amp;#xa8a2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAURASHTRA LETTER DA|&amp;#xa8a3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAURASHTRA LETTER DHA|&amp;#xa8a4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAURASHTRA LETTER NA|&amp;#xa8a5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAURASHTRA LETTER PA|&amp;#xa8a6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAURASHTRA LETTER PHA|&amp;#xa8a7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAURASHTRA LETTER BA|&amp;#xa8a8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAURASHTRA LETTER BHA|&amp;#xa8a9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAURASHTRA LETTER MA|&amp;#xa8aa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAURASHTRA LETTER YA|&amp;#xa8ab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAURASHTRA LETTER RA|&amp;#xa8ac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAURASHTRA LETTER LA|&amp;#xa8ad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAURASHTRA LETTER VA|&amp;#xa8ae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAURASHTRA LETTER SHA|&amp;#xa8af;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#75ffab;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|A8Bx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|SAURASHTRA LETTER SSA|&amp;#xa8b0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAURASHTRA LETTER SA|&amp;#xa8b1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAURASHTRA LETTER HA|&amp;#xa8b2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAURASHTRA LETTER LLA|&amp;#xa8b3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAURASHTRA CONSONANT SIGN HAARU|&amp;#xa8b4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAURASHTRA VOWEL SIGN AA|&amp;#xa8b5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAURASHTRA VOWEL SIGN I|&amp;#xa8b6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAURASHTRA VOWEL SIGN II|&amp;#xa8b7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAURASHTRA VOWEL SIGN U|&amp;#xa8b8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAURASHTRA VOWEL SIGN UU|&amp;#xa8b9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAURASHTRA VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC R|&amp;#xa8ba;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAURASHTRA VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC RR|&amp;#xa8bb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAURASHTRA VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC L|&amp;#xa8bc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAURASHTRA VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC LL|&amp;#xa8bd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAURASHTRA VOWEL SIGN E|&amp;#xa8be;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAURASHTRA VOWEL SIGN EE|&amp;#xa8bf;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|A8Cx
|style=&quot;background:#75ffab;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|SAURASHTRA VOWEL SIGN AI|&amp;#xa8c0;}}||style=&quot;background:#75ffab;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|SAURASHTRA VOWEL SIGN O|&amp;#xa8c1;}}||style=&quot;background:#75ffab;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|SAURASHTRA VOWEL SIGN OO|&amp;#xa8c2;}}||style=&quot;background:#75ffab;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|SAURASHTRA VOWEL SIGN AU|&amp;#xa8c3;}}||style=&quot;background:#75ffab;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|SAURASHTRA SIGN VIRAMA|&amp;#xa8c4;}}||style=&quot;background:#ffb0ff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|SAURASHTRA SIGN CANDRABINDU|&amp;#xa8c5;}}||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#75ffab;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|SAURASHTRA DANDA|&amp;#xa8ce;}}||style=&quot;background:#75ffab;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|SAURASHTRA DOUBLE DANDA|&amp;#xa8cf;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#75ffab;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|A8Dx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|SAURASHTRA DIGIT ZERO|&amp;#xa8d0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAURASHTRA DIGIT ONE|&amp;#xa8d1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAURASHTRA DIGIT TWO|&amp;#xa8d2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAURASHTRA DIGIT THREE|&amp;#xa8d3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAURASHTRA DIGIT FOUR|&amp;#xa8d4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAURASHTRA DIGIT FIVE|&amp;#xa8d5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAURASHTRA DIGIT SIX|&amp;#xa8d6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAURASHTRA DIGIT SEVEN|&amp;#xa8d7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAURASHTRA DIGIT EIGHT|&amp;#xa8d8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAURASHTRA DIGIT NINE|&amp;#xa8d9;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | '''Devanagari Extended'''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|A8Ex
|{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING DEVANAGARI DIGIT ZERO|&amp;#xa8e0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING DEVANAGARI DIGIT ONE|&amp;#xa8e1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING DEVANAGARI DIGIT TWO|&amp;#xa8e2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING DEVANAGARI DIGIT THREE|&amp;#xa8e3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING DEVANAGARI DIGIT FOUR|&amp;#xa8e4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING DEVANAGARI DIGIT FIVE|&amp;#xa8e5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING DEVANAGARI DIGIT SIX|&amp;#xa8e6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING DEVANAGARI DIGIT SEVEN|&amp;#xa8e7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING DEVANAGARI DIGIT EIGHT|&amp;#xa8e8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING DEVANAGARI DIGIT NINE|&amp;#xa8e9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING DEVANAGARI LETTER A|&amp;#xa8ea;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING DEVANAGARI LETTER U|&amp;#xa8eb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING DEVANAGARI LETTER KA|&amp;#xa8ec;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING DEVANAGARI LETTER NA|&amp;#xa8ed;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING DEVANAGARI LETTER PA|&amp;#xa8ee;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING DEVANAGARI LETTER RA|&amp;#xa8ef;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|A8Fx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING DEVANAGARI LETTER VI|&amp;#xa8f0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING DEVANAGARI SIGN AVAGRAHA|&amp;#xa8f1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI SIGN SPACING CANDRABINDU|&amp;#xa8f2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI SIGN CANDRABINDU VIRAMA|&amp;#xa8f3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI SIGN DOUBLE CANDRABINDU VIRAMA|&amp;#xa8f4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI SIGN CANDRABINDU TWO|&amp;#xa8f5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI SIGN CANDRABINDU THREE|&amp;#xa8f6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI SIGN CANDRABINDU AVAGRAHA|&amp;#xa8f7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI SIGN PUSHPIKA|&amp;#xa8f8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI GAP FILLER|&amp;#xa8f9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI CARET|&amp;nbsp;&amp;#xa8fa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI HEADSTROKE|&amp;#xa8fb;}}||style=&quot;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI SIGN SIDDHAM|&amp;#xa8fc;}}||style=&quot;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI JAIN OM|&amp;#xa8fd;}}||style=&quot;background:#d093ff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER AY|&amp;#xa8fe;}}||style=&quot;background:#d093ff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN AY|&amp;#xa8ff;}}
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | '''Kayah Li'''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#75ffab;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|A90x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|KAYAH LI DIGIT ZERO|&amp;#xa900;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAYAH LI DIGIT ONE|&amp;#xa901;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAYAH LI DIGIT TWO|&amp;#xa902;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAYAH LI DIGIT THREE|&amp;#xa903;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAYAH LI DIGIT FOUR|&amp;#xa904;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAYAH LI DIGIT FIVE|&amp;#xa905;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAYAH LI DIGIT SIX|&amp;#xa906;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAYAH LI DIGIT SEVEN|&amp;#xa907;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAYAH LI DIGIT EIGHT|&amp;#xa908;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAYAH LI DIGIT NINE|&amp;#xa909;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAYAH LI LETTER KA|&amp;#xa90a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAYAH LI LETTER KHA|&amp;#xa90b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAYAH LI LETTER GA|&amp;#xa90c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAYAH LI LETTER NGA|&amp;#xa90d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAYAH LI LETTER SA|&amp;#xa90e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAYAH LI LETTER SHA|&amp;#xa90f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#75ffab;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|A91x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|KAYAH LI LETTER ZA|&amp;#xa910;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAYAH LI LETTER NYA|&amp;#xa911;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAYAH LI LETTER TA|&amp;#xa912;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAYAH LI LETTER HTA|&amp;#xa913;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAYAH LI LETTER NA|&amp;#xa914;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAYAH LI LETTER PA|&amp;#xa915;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAYAH LI LETTER PHA|&amp;#xa916;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAYAH LI LETTER MA|&amp;#xa917;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAYAH LI LETTER DA|&amp;#xa918;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAYAH LI LETTER BA|&amp;#xa919;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAYAH LI LETTER RA|&amp;#xa91a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAYAH LI LETTER YA|&amp;#xa91b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAYAH LI LETTER LA|&amp;#xa91c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAYAH LI LETTER WA|&amp;#xa91d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAYAH LI LETTER THA|&amp;#xa91e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAYAH LI LETTER HA|&amp;#xa91f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#75ffab;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|A92x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|KAYAH LI LETTER VA|&amp;#xa920;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAYAH LI LETTER CA|&amp;#xa921;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAYAH LI LETTER A|&amp;#xa922;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAYAH LI LETTER OE|&amp;#xa923;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAYAH LI LETTER I|&amp;#xa924;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAYAH LI LETTER OO|&amp;#xa925;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAYAH LI VOWEL UE|&amp;#xa926;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAYAH LI VOWEL E|&amp;#xa927;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAYAH LI VOWEL U|&amp;#xa928;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAYAH LI VOWEL EE|&amp;#xa929;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAYAH LI VOWEL O|&amp;#xa92a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAYAH LI TONE PLOPHU|&amp;#xa92b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAYAH LI TONE CALYA|&amp;#xa92c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAYAH LI TONE CALYA PLOPHU|&amp;#xa92d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAYAH LI SIGN CWI|&amp;#xa92e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAYAH LI SIGN SHYA|&amp;#xa92f;}}
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | '''Rejang'''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#75ffab;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|A93x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|REJANG LETTER KA|&amp;#xa930;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|REJANG LETTER GA|&amp;#xa931;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|REJANG LETTER NGA|&amp;#xa932;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|REJANG LETTER TA|&amp;#xa933;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|REJANG LETTER DA|&amp;#xa934;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|REJANG LETTER NA|&amp;#xa935;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|REJANG LETTER PA|&amp;#xa936;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|REJANG LETTER BA|&amp;#xa937;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|REJANG LETTER MA|&amp;#xa938;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|REJANG LETTER CA|&amp;#xa939;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|REJANG LETTER JA|&amp;#xa93a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|REJANG LETTER NYA|&amp;#xa93b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|REJANG LETTER SA|&amp;#xa93c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|REJANG LETTER RA|&amp;#xa93d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|REJANG LETTER LA|&amp;#xa93e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|REJANG LETTER YA|&amp;#xa93f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#75ffab;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|A94x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|REJANG LETTER WA|&amp;#xa940;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|REJANG LETTER HA|&amp;#xa941;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|REJANG LETTER MBA|&amp;#xa942;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|REJANG LETTER NGGA|&amp;#xa943;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|REJANG LETTER NDA|&amp;#xa944;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|REJANG LETTER NYJA|&amp;#xa945;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|REJANG LETTER A|&amp;#xa946;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|REJANG VOWEL SIGN I|&amp;#xa947;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|REJANG VOWEL SIGN U|&amp;#xa948;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|REJANG VOWEL SIGN E|&amp;#xa949;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|REJANG VOWEL SIGN AI|&amp;#xa94a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|REJANG VOWEL SIGN O|&amp;#xa94b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|REJANG VOWEL SIGN AU|&amp;#xa94c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|REJANG VOWEL SIGN EU|&amp;#xa94d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|REJANG VOWEL SIGN EA|&amp;#xa94e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|REJANG CONSONANT SIGN NG|&amp;#xa94f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|A95x
|style=&quot;background:#75ffab;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|REJANG CONSONANT SIGN N|&amp;#xa950;}}||style=&quot;background:#75ffab;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|REJANG CONSONANT SIGN R|&amp;#xa951;}}||style=&quot;background:#75ffab;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|REJANG CONSONANT SIGN H|&amp;#xa952;}}||style=&quot;background:#75ffab;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|REJANG VIRAMA|&amp;#xa953;}}||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#75ffab;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|REJANG SECTION MARK|&amp;#xa95f;}}
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | '''Hangul Jamo Extended-A'''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|A96x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL CHOSEONG TIKEUT-MIEUM|&amp;#xa960;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL CHOSEONG TIKEUT-PIEUP|&amp;#xa961;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL CHOSEONG TIKEUT-SIOS|&amp;#xa962;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL CHOSEONG TIKEUT-CIEUC|&amp;#xa963;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL CHOSEONG RIEUL-KIYEOK|&amp;#xa964;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL CHOSEONG RIEUL-SSANGKIYEOK|&amp;#xa965;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL CHOSEONG RIEUL-TIKEUT|&amp;#xa966;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL CHOSEONG RIEUL-SSANGTIKEUT|&amp;#xa967;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL CHOSEONG RIEUL-MIEUM|&amp;#xa968;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL CHOSEONG RIEUL-PIEUP|&amp;#xa969;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL CHOSEONG RIEUL-SSANGPIEUP|&amp;#xa96a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL CHOSEONG RIEUL-KAPYEOUNPIEUP|&amp;#xa96b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL CHOSEONG RIEUL-SIOS|&amp;#xa96c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL CHOSEONG RIEUL-CIEUC|&amp;#xa96d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL CHOSEONG RIEUL-KHIEUKH|&amp;#xa96e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL CHOSEONG MIEUM-KIYEOK|&amp;#xa96f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|A97x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL CHOSEONG MIEUM-TIKEUT|&amp;#xa970;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL CHOSEONG MIEUM-SIOS|&amp;#xa971;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL CHOSEONG PIEUP-SIOS-THIEUTH|&amp;#xa972;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL CHOSEONG PIEUP-KHIEUKH|&amp;#xa973;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL CHOSEONG PIEUP-HIEUH|&amp;#xa974;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL CHOSEONG SSANGSIOS-PIEUP|&amp;#xa975;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL CHOSEONG IEUNG-RIEUL|&amp;#xa976;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL CHOSEONG IEUNG-HIEUH|&amp;#xa977;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL CHOSEONG SSANGCIEUC-HIEUH|&amp;#xa978;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL CHOSEONG SSANGTHIEUTH|&amp;#xa979;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL CHOSEONG PHIEUPH-HIEUH|&amp;#xa97a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL CHOSEONG HIEUH-SIOS|&amp;#xa97b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL CHOSEONG SSANGYEORINHIEUH|&amp;#xa97c;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | '''Javanese'''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};height:40px&quot;|A98x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|JAVANESE SIGN PANYANGGA|&amp;#xa980;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JAVANESE SIGN CECAK|&amp;#xa981;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JAVANESE SIGN LAYAR|&amp;#xa982;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JAVANESE SIGN WIGNYAN|&amp;#xa983;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JAVANESE LETTER A|&amp;#xa984;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JAVANESE LETTER I KAWI|&amp;#xa985;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JAVANESE LETTER I|&amp;#xa986;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JAVANESE LETTER II|&amp;#xa987;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JAVANESE LETTER U|&amp;#xa988;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JAVANESE LETTER PA CEREK|&amp;#xa989;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JAVANESE LETTER NGA LELET|&amp;#xa98a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JAVANESE LETTER NGA LELET RASWADI|&amp;#xa98b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JAVANESE LETTER E|&amp;#xa98c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JAVANESE LETTER AI|&amp;#xa98d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JAVANESE LETTER O|&amp;#xa98e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JAVANESE LETTER KA|&amp;#xa98f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};height:40px&quot;|A99x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|JAVANESE LETTER KA SASAK|&amp;#xa990;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JAVANESE LETTER KA MURDA|&amp;#xa991;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JAVANESE LETTER GA|&amp;#xa992;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JAVANESE LETTER GA MURDA|&amp;#xa993;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JAVANESE LETTER NGA|&amp;#xa994;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JAVANESE LETTER CA|&amp;#xa995;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JAVANESE LETTER CA MURDA|&amp;#xa996;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JAVANESE LETTER JA|&amp;#xa997;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JAVANESE LETTER NYA MURDA|&amp;#xa998;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JAVANESE LETTER JA MAHAPRANA|&amp;#xa999;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JAVANESE LETTER NYA|&amp;#xa99a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JAVANESE LETTER TTA|&amp;#xa99b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JAVANESE LETTER TTA MAHAPRANA|&amp;#xa99c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JAVANESE LETTER DDA|&amp;#xa99d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JAVANESE LETTER DDA MAHAPRANA|&amp;#xa99e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JAVANESE LETTER NA MURDA|&amp;#xa99f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|A9Ax
|{{H:title|dotted=no|JAVANESE LETTER TA|&amp;#xa9a0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JAVANESE LETTER TA MURDA|&amp;#xa9a1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JAVANESE LETTER DA|&amp;#xa9a2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JAVANESE LETTER DA MAHAPRANA|&amp;#xa9a3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JAVANESE LETTER NA|&amp;#xa9a4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JAVANESE LETTER PA|&amp;#xa9a5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JAVANESE LETTER PA MURDA|&amp;#xa9a6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JAVANESE LETTER BA|&amp;#xa9a7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JAVANESE LETTER BA MURDA|&amp;#xa9a8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JAVANESE LETTER MA|&amp;#xa9a9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JAVANESE LETTER YA|&amp;#xa9aa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JAVANESE LETTER RA|&amp;#xa9ab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JAVANESE LETTER RA AGUNG|&amp;#xa9ac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JAVANESE LETTER LA|&amp;#xa9ad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JAVANESE LETTER WA|&amp;#xa9ae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JAVANESE LETTER SA MURDA|&amp;#xa9af;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};height:40px&quot;|A9Bx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|JAVANESE LETTER SA MAHAPRANA|&amp;#xa9b0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JAVANESE LETTER SA|&amp;#xa9b1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JAVANESE LETTER HA|&amp;#xa9b2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JAVANESE SIGN CECAK TELU|&amp;#xa9b3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JAVANESE VOWEL SIGN TARUNG|&amp;#xa9b4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JAVANESE VOWEL SIGN TOLONG|&amp;#xa9b5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JAVANESE VOWEL SIGN WULU|&amp;#xa9b6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JAVANESE VOWEL SIGN WULU MELIK|&amp;#xa9b7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JAVANESE VOWEL SIGN SUKU|&amp;#xa9b8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JAVANESE VOWEL SIGN SUKU MENDUT|&amp;#xa9b9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JAVANESE VOWEL SIGN TALING|&amp;#xa9ba;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JAVANESE VOWEL SIGN DIRGA MURE|&amp;#xa9bb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JAVANESE VOWEL SIGN PEPET|&amp;#xa9bc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JAVANESE CONSONANT SIGN KERET|&amp;#xa9bd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JAVANESE CONSONANT SIGN PENGKAL|&amp;#xa9be;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JAVANESE CONSONANT SIGN CAKRA|&amp;#xa9bf;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};height:40px&quot;|A9Cx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|JAVANESE PANGKON|&amp;#xa9c0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JAVANESE LEFT RERENGGAN|&amp;#xa9c1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JAVANESE RIGHT RERENGGAN|&amp;#xa9c2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JAVANESE PADA ANDAP|&amp;#xa9c3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JAVANESE PADA MADYA|&amp;#xa9c4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JAVANESE PADA LUHUR|&amp;#xa9c5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JAVANESE PADA WINDU|&amp;#xa9c6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JAVANESE PADA PANGKAT|&amp;#xa9c7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JAVANESE PADA LINGSA|&amp;#xa9c8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JAVANESE PADA LUNGSI|&amp;#xa9c9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JAVANESE PADA ADEG|&amp;#xa9ca;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JAVANESE PADA ADEG ADEG|&amp;#xa9cb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JAVANESE PADA PISELEH|&amp;#xa9cc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JAVANESE TURNED PADA PISELEH|&amp;#xa9cd;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|JAVANESE PANGRANGKEP|&amp;#xa9cf;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};height:28px&quot;|A9Dx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|JAVANESE DIGIT ZERO|&amp;#xa9d0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JAVANESE DIGIT ONE|&amp;#xa9d1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JAVANESE DIGIT TWO|&amp;#xa9d2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JAVANESE DIGIT THREE|&amp;#xa9d3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JAVANESE DIGIT FOUR|&amp;#xa9d4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JAVANESE DIGIT FIVE|&amp;#xa9d5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JAVANESE DIGIT SIX|&amp;#xa9d6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JAVANESE DIGIT SEVEN|&amp;#xa9d7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JAVANESE DIGIT EIGHT|&amp;#xa9d8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JAVANESE DIGIT NINE|&amp;#xa9d9;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|JAVANESE PADA TIRTA TUMETES|&amp;#xa9de;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JAVANESE PADA ISEN-ISEN|&amp;#xa9df;}}
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | '''Myanmar Extended-B'''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|A9Ex
|{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR LETTER SHAN GHA|&amp;#xa9e0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR LETTER SHAN CHA|&amp;#xa9e1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR LETTER SHAN JHA|&amp;#xa9e2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR LETTER SHAN NNA|&amp;#xa9e3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR LETTER SHAN BHA|&amp;#xa9e4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR SIGN SHAN SAW|&amp;#xa9e5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR MODIFIER LETTER SHAN REDUPLICATION|&amp;#xa9e6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR LETTER TAI LAING NYA|&amp;#xa9e7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR LETTER TAI LAING FA|&amp;#xa9e8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR LETTER TAI LAING GA|&amp;#xa9e9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR LETTER TAI LAING GHA|&amp;#xa9ea;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR LETTER TAI LAING JA|&amp;#xa9eb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR LETTER TAI LAING JHA|&amp;#xa9ec;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR LETTER TAI LAING DDA|&amp;#xa9ed;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR LETTER TAI LAING DDHA|&amp;#xa9ee;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR LETTER TAI LAING NNA|&amp;#xa9ef;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|A9Fx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR TAI LAING DIGIT ZERO|&amp;#xa9f0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR TAI LAING DIGIT ONE|&amp;#xa9f1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR TAI LAING DIGIT TWO|&amp;#xa9f2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR TAI LAING DIGIT THREE|&amp;#xa9f3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR TAI LAING DIGIT FOUR|&amp;#xa9f4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR TAI LAING DIGIT FIVE|&amp;#xa9f5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR TAI LAING DIGIT SIX|&amp;#xa9f6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR TAI LAING DIGIT SEVEN|&amp;#xa9f7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR TAI LAING DIGIT EIGHT|&amp;#xa9f8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR TAI LAING DIGIT NINE|&amp;#xa9f9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR LETTER TAI LAING LLA|&amp;#xa9fa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR LETTER TAI LAING DA|&amp;#xa9fb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR LETTER TAI LAING DHA|&amp;#xa9fc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR LETTER TAI LAING BA|&amp;#xa9fd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR LETTER TAI LAING BHA|&amp;#xa9fe;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | '''Cham'''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#75ffab;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|AA0x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAM LETTER A|&amp;#xaa00;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAM LETTER I|&amp;#xaa01;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAM LETTER U|&amp;#xaa02;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAM LETTER E|&amp;#xaa03;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAM LETTER AI|&amp;#xaa04;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAM LETTER O|&amp;#xaa05;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAM LETTER KA|&amp;#xaa06;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAM LETTER KHA|&amp;#xaa07;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAM LETTER GA|&amp;#xaa08;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAM LETTER GHA|&amp;#xaa09;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAM LETTER NGUE|&amp;#xaa0a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAM LETTER NGA|&amp;#xaa0b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAM LETTER CHA|&amp;#xaa0c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAM LETTER CHHA|&amp;#xaa0d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAM LETTER JA|&amp;#xaa0e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAM LETTER JHA|&amp;#xaa0f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#75ffab;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|AA1x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAM LETTER NHUE|&amp;#xaa10;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAM LETTER NHA|&amp;#xaa11;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAM LETTER NHJA|&amp;#xaa12;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAM LETTER TA|&amp;#xaa13;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAM LETTER THA|&amp;#xaa14;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAM LETTER DA|&amp;#xaa15;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAM LETTER DHA|&amp;#xaa16;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAM LETTER NUE|&amp;#xaa17;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAM LETTER NA|&amp;#xaa18;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAM LETTER DDA|&amp;#xaa19;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAM LETTER PA|&amp;#xaa1a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAM LETTER PPA|&amp;#xaa1b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAM LETTER PHA|&amp;#xaa1c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAM LETTER BA|&amp;#xaa1d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAM LETTER BHA|&amp;#xaa1e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAM LETTER MUE|&amp;#xaa1f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#75ffab;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|AA2x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAM LETTER MA|&amp;#xaa20;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAM LETTER BBA|&amp;#xaa21;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAM LETTER YA|&amp;#xaa22;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAM LETTER RA|&amp;#xaa23;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAM LETTER LA|&amp;#xaa24;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAM LETTER VA|&amp;#xaa25;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAM LETTER SSA|&amp;#xaa26;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAM LETTER SA|&amp;#xaa27;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAM LETTER HA|&amp;#xaa28;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAM VOWEL SIGN AA|&amp;#xaa29;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAM VOWEL SIGN I|&amp;#xaa2a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAM VOWEL SIGN II|&amp;#xaa2b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAM VOWEL SIGN EI|&amp;#xaa2c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAM VOWEL SIGN U|&amp;#xaa2d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAM VOWEL SIGN OE|&amp;#xaa2e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAM VOWEL SIGN O|&amp;#xaa2f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|AA3x
|style=&quot;background:#75ffab;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAM VOWEL SIGN AI|&amp;#xaa30;}}||style=&quot;background:#75ffab;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAM VOWEL SIGN AU|&amp;#xaa31;}}||style=&quot;background:#75ffab;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAM VOWEL SIGN UE|&amp;#xaa32;}}||style=&quot;background:#75ffab;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAM CONSONANT SIGN YA|&amp;#xaa33;}}||style=&quot;background:#75ffab;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAM CONSONANT SIGN RA|&amp;#xaa34;}}||style=&quot;background:#75ffab;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAM CONSONANT SIGN LA|&amp;#xaa35;}}||style=&quot;background:#75ffab;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAM CONSONANT SIGN WA|&amp;#xaa36;}}||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#75ffab;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|AA4x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAM LETTER FINAL K|&amp;#xaa40;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAM LETTER FINAL G|&amp;#xaa41;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAM LETTER FINAL NG|&amp;#xaa42;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAM CONSONANT SIGN FINAL NG|&amp;#xaa43;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAM LETTER FINAL CH|&amp;#xaa44;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAM LETTER FINAL T|&amp;#xaa45;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAM LETTER FINAL N|&amp;#xaa46;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAM LETTER FINAL P|&amp;#xaa47;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAM LETTER FINAL Y|&amp;#xaa48;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAM LETTER FINAL R|&amp;#xaa49;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAM LETTER FINAL L|&amp;#xaa4a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAM LETTER FINAL SS|&amp;#xaa4b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAM CONSONANT SIGN FINAL M|&amp;#xaa4c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAM CONSONANT SIGN FINAL H|&amp;#xaa4d;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#75ffab;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|AA5x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAM DIGIT ZERO|&amp;#xaa50;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAM DIGIT ONE|&amp;#xaa51;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAM DIGIT TWO|&amp;#xaa52;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAM DIGIT THREE|&amp;#xaa53;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAM DIGIT FOUR|&amp;#xaa54;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAM DIGIT FIVE|&amp;#xaa55;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAM DIGIT SIX|&amp;#xaa56;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAM DIGIT SEVEN|&amp;#xaa57;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAM DIGIT EIGHT|&amp;#xaa58;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAM DIGIT NINE|&amp;#xaa59;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAM PUNCTUATION SPIRAL|&amp;#xaa5c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAM PUNCTUATION DANDA|&amp;#xaa5d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAM PUNCTUATION DOUBLE DANDA|&amp;#xaa5e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAM PUNCTUATION TRIPLE DANDA|&amp;#xaa5f;}}
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | '''Myanmar Extended-A'''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|AA6x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR LETTER KHAMTI GA|&amp;#xaa60;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR LETTER KHAMTI CA|&amp;#xaa61;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR LETTER KHAMTI CHA|&amp;#xaa62;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR LETTER KHAMTI JA|&amp;#xaa63;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR LETTER KHAMTI JHA|&amp;#xaa64;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR LETTER KHAMTI NYA|&amp;#xaa65;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR LETTER KHAMTI TTA|&amp;#xaa66;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR LETTER KHAMTI TTHA|&amp;#xaa67;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR LETTER KHAMTI DDA|&amp;#xaa68;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR LETTER KHAMTI DDHA|&amp;#xaa69;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR LETTER KHAMTI DHA|&amp;#xaa6a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR LETTER KHAMTI NA|&amp;#xaa6b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR LETTER KHAMTI SA|&amp;#xaa6c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR LETTER KHAMTI HA|&amp;#xaa6d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR LETTER KHAMTI HHA|&amp;#xaa6e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR LETTER KHAMTI FA|&amp;#xaa6f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};;height:30px&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|AA7x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR MODIFIER LETTER KHAMTI REDUPLICATION|&amp;#xaa70;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR LETTER KHAMTI XA|&amp;#xaa71;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR LETTER KHAMTI ZA|&amp;#xaa72;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR LETTER KHAMTI RA|&amp;#xaa73;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR LOGOGRAM KHAMTI OAY|&amp;#xaa74;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR LOGOGRAM KHAMTI QN|&amp;#xaa75;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR LOGOGRAM KHAMTI HM|&amp;#xaa76;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR SYMBOL AITON EXCLAMATION|&amp;#xaa77;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR SYMBOL AITON ONE|&amp;#xaa78;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR SYMBOL AITON TWO|&amp;#xaa79;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR LETTER AITON RA|&amp;#xaa7a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR SIGN PAO KAREN TONE|&amp;#xaa7b;}}||style=&quot;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR SIGN TAI LAING TONE-2|&amp;#xaa7c;}}||style=&quot;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR SIGN TAI LAING TONE-5|&amp;#xaa7d;}}||style=&quot;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR LETTER SHWE PALAUNG CHA|&amp;#xaa7e;}}||style=&quot;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR LETTER SHWE PALAUNG SHA|&amp;#xaa7f;}}
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center;{{text default color}};&quot; | '''Tai Viet'''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|AA8x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI VIET LETTER LOW KO|&amp;#xaa80;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI VIET LETTER HIGH KO|&amp;#xaa81;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI VIET LETTER LOW KHO|&amp;#xaa82;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI VIET LETTER HIGH KHO|&amp;#xaa83;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI VIET LETTER LOW KHHO|&amp;#xaa84;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI VIET LETTER HIGH KHHO|&amp;#xaa85;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI VIET LETTER LOW GO|&amp;#xaa86;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI VIET LETTER HIGH GO|&amp;#xaa87;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI VIET LETTER LOW NGO|&amp;#xaa88;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI VIET LETTER HIGH NGO|&amp;#xaa89;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI VIET LETTER LOW CO|&amp;#xaa8a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI VIET LETTER HIGH CO|&amp;#xaa8b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI VIET LETTER LOW CHO|&amp;#xaa8c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI VIET LETTER HIGH CHO|&amp;#xaa8d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI VIET LETTER LOW SO|&amp;#xaa8e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI VIET LETTER HIGH SO|&amp;#xaa8f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|AA9x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI VIET LETTER LOW NYO|&amp;#xaa90;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI VIET LETTER HIGH NYO|&amp;#xaa91;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI VIET LETTER LOW DO|&amp;#xaa92;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI VIET LETTER HIGH DO|&amp;#xaa93;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI VIET LETTER LOW TO|&amp;#xaa94;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI VIET LETTER HIGH TO|&amp;#xaa95;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI VIET LETTER LOW THO|&amp;#xaa96;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI VIET LETTER HIGH THO|&amp;#xaa97;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI VIET LETTER LOW NO|&amp;#xaa98;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI VIET LETTER HIGH NO|&amp;#xaa99;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI VIET LETTER LOW BO|&amp;#xaa9a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI VIET LETTER HIGH BO|&amp;#xaa9b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI VIET LETTER LOW PO|&amp;#xaa9c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI VIET LETTER HIGH PO|&amp;#xaa9d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI VIET LETTER LOW PHO|&amp;#xaa9e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI VIET LETTER HIGH PHO|&amp;#xaa9f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|AAAx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI VIET LETTER LOW FO|&amp;#xaaa0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI VIET LETTER HIGH FO|&amp;#xaaa1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI VIET LETTER LOW MO|&amp;#xaaa2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI VIET LETTER HIGH MO|&amp;#xaaa3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI VIET LETTER LOW YO|&amp;#xaaa4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI VIET LETTER HIGH YO|&amp;#xaaa5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI VIET LETTER LOW RO|&amp;#xaaa6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI VIET LETTER HIGH RO|&amp;#xaaa7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI VIET LETTER LOW LO|&amp;#xaaa8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI VIET LETTER HIGH LO|&amp;#xaaa9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI VIET LETTER LOW VO|&amp;#xaaaa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI VIET LETTER HIGH VO|&amp;#xaaab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI VIET LETTER LOW HO|&amp;#xaaac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI VIET LETTER HIGH HO|&amp;#xaaad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI VIET LETTER LOW O|&amp;#xaaae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI VIET LETTER HIGH O|&amp;#xaaaf;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|AABx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI VIET MAI KANG|&amp;#xaab0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI VIET VOWEL AA|&amp;#xaab1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI VIET VOWEL I|&amp;#xaab2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI VIET VOWEL UE|&amp;#xaab3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI VIET VOWEL U|&amp;#xaab4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI VIET VOWEL E|&amp;#xaab5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI VIET VOWEL O|&amp;#xaab6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI VIET MAI KHIT|&amp;#xaab7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI VIET VOWEL IA|&amp;#xaab8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI VIET VOWEL UEA|&amp;#xaab9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI VIET VOWEL UA|&amp;#xaaba;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI VIET VOWEL AUE|&amp;#xaabb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI VIET VOWEL AY|&amp;#xaabc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI VIET VOWEL AN|&amp;#xaabd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI VIET VOWEL AM|&amp;#xaabe;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI VIET TONE MAI EK|&amp;#xaabf;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|AACx
|style=&quot;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI VIET TONE MAI NUENG|&amp;#xaac0;}}||style=&quot;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI VIET TONE MAI THO|&amp;#xaac1;}}||style=&quot;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI VIET TONE MAI SONG|&amp;#xaac2;}}||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|AADx
||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI VIET SYMBOL KON|&amp;#xaadb;}}||style=&quot;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI VIET SYMBOL NUENG|&amp;#xaadc;}}||style=&quot;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI VIET SYMBOL SAM|&amp;#xaadd;}}||style=&quot;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI VIET SYMBOL HO HOI|&amp;#xaade;}}||style=&quot;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI VIET SYMBOL KOI KOI|&amp;#xaadf;}}
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | '''Meetei Mayek Extensions'''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#7ef9ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|AAEx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|MEETEI MAYEK LETTER E|&amp;#xaae0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEETEI MAYEK LETTER O|&amp;#xaae1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEETEI MAYEK LETTER CHA|&amp;#xaae2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEETEI MAYEK LETTER NYA|&amp;#xaae3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEETEI MAYEK LETTER TTA|&amp;#xaae4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEETEI MAYEK LETTER TTHA|&amp;#xaae5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEETEI MAYEK LETTER DDA|&amp;#xaae6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEETEI MAYEK LETTER DDHA|&amp;#xaae7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEETEI MAYEK LETTER NNA|&amp;#xaae8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEETEI MAYEK LETTER SHA|&amp;#xaae9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEETEI MAYEK LETTER SSA|&amp;#xaaea;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEETEI MAYEK VOWEL SIGN II|&amp;#xaaeb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEETEI MAYEK VOWEL SIGN UU|&amp;#xaaec;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEETEI MAYEK VOWEL SIGN AAI|&amp;#xaaed;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEETEI MAYEK VOWEL SIGN AU|&amp;#xaaee;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEETEI MAYEK VOWEL SIGN AAU|&amp;#xaaef;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|AAFx
|style=&quot;background:#7ef9ff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|MEETEI MAYEK CHEIKHAN|&amp;#xaaf0;}}||style=&quot;background:#7ef9ff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|MEETEI MAYEK AHANG KHUDAM|&amp;#xaaf1;}}||style=&quot;background:#7ef9ff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|MEETEI MAYEK ANJI|&amp;#xaaf2;}}||style=&quot;background:#7ef9ff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|MEETEI MAYEK SYLLABLE REPETITION MARK|&amp;#xaaf3;}}||style=&quot;background:#7ef9ff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|MEETEI MAYEK WORD REPETITION MARK|&amp;#xaaf4;}}||style=&quot;background:#7ef9ff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|MEETEI MAYEK VOWEL SIGN VISARGA|&amp;#xaaf5;}}||style=&quot;background:#7ef9ff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|MEETEI MAYEK VIRAMA|&amp;#xaaf6;}}||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};;text-align:center&quot; | '''Ethiopic Extended-A'''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#7bffe8;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|AB0x
|style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE TTHU|&amp;#xab01;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE TTHI|&amp;#xab02;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE TTHAA|&amp;#xab03;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE TTHEE|&amp;#xab04;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE TTHE|&amp;#xab05;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE TTHO|&amp;#xab06;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE DDHU|&amp;#xab09;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE DDHI|&amp;#xab0a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE DDHAA|&amp;#xab0b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE DDHEE|&amp;#xab0c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE DDHE|&amp;#xab0d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE DDHO|&amp;#xab0e;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|AB1x
|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#7bffe8;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE DZU|&amp;#xab11;}}||style=&quot;background:#7bffe8;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE DZI|&amp;#xab12;}}||style=&quot;background:#7bffe8;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE DZAA|&amp;#xab13;}}||style=&quot;background:#7bffe8;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE DZEE|&amp;#xab14;}}||style=&quot;background:#7bffe8;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE DZE|&amp;#xab15;}}||style=&quot;background:#7bffe8;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE DZO|&amp;#xab16;}}||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#7bffe8;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|AB2x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE CCHHA|&amp;#xab20;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE CCHHU|&amp;#xab21;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE CCHHI|&amp;#xab22;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE CCHHAA|&amp;#xab23;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE CCHHEE|&amp;#xab24;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE CCHHE|&amp;#xab25;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE CCHHO|&amp;#xab26;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE BBA|&amp;#xab28;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE BBU|&amp;#xab29;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE BBI|&amp;#xab2a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE BBAA|&amp;#xab2b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE BBEE|&amp;#xab2c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE BBE|&amp;#xab2d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE BBO|&amp;#xab2e;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};;text-align:center&quot; | '''Latin Extended-E'''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|AB3x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER BARRED ALPHA|&amp;#xab30;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER A REVERSED-SCHWA|&amp;#xab31;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER BLACKLETTER E|&amp;#xab32;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER BARRED E|&amp;#xab33;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH FLOURISH|&amp;#xab34;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER LENIS F|&amp;#xab35;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER SCRIPT G WITH CROSSED-TAIL|&amp;#xab36;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER L WITH INVERTED LAZY S|&amp;#xab37;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER L WITH DOUBLE MIDDLE TILDE|&amp;#xab38;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER L WITH MIDDLE RING|&amp;#xab39;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER M WITH CROSSED-TAIL|&amp;#xab3a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER N WITH CROSSED-TAIL|&amp;#xab3b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER ENG WITH CROSSED-TAIL|&amp;#xab3c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER BLACKLETTER O|&amp;#xab3d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER BLACKLETTER O WITH STROKE|&amp;#xab3e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER OPEN O WITH STROKE|&amp;#xab3f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|AB4x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER INVERTED OE|&amp;#xab40;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED OE WITH STROKE|&amp;#xab41;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED OE WITH HORIZONTAL STROKE|&amp;#xab42;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED O OPEN-O|&amp;#xab43;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED O OPEN-O WITH STROKE|&amp;#xab44;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER STIRRUP R|&amp;#xab45;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN LETTER SMALL CAPITAL R WITH RIGHT LEG|&amp;#xab46;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER R WITHOUT HANDLE|&amp;#xab47;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER DOUBLE R|&amp;#xab48;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER R WITH CROSSED-TAIL|&amp;#xab49;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER DOUBLE R WITH CROSSED-TAIL|&amp;#xab4a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER SCRIPT R|&amp;#xab4b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER SCRIPT R WITH RING|&amp;#xab4c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER BASELINE ESH|&amp;#xab4d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH SHORT RIGHT LEG|&amp;#xab4e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER U BAR WITH SHORT RIGHT LEG|&amp;#xab4f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|AB5x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER UI|&amp;#xab50;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED UI|&amp;#xab51;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH LEFT HOOK|&amp;#xab52;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER CHI|&amp;#xab53;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER CHI WITH LOW RIGHT RING|&amp;#xab54;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER CHI WITH LOW LEFT SERIF|&amp;#xab55;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER X WITH LOW RIGHT RING|&amp;#xab56;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER X WITH LONG LEFT LEG|&amp;#xab57;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER X WITH LONG LEFT LEG AND LOW RIGHT RING|&amp;#xab58;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER X WITH LONG LEFT LEG WITH SERIF|&amp;#xab59;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER Y WITH SHORT RIGHT LEG|&amp;#xab5a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER BREVE WITH INVERTED BREVE|&amp;#xab5b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL HENG|&amp;#xab5c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL L WITH INVERTED LAZY S|&amp;#xab5d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL L WITH MIDDLE TILDE|&amp;#xab5e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL U WITH LEFT HOOK|&amp;#xab5f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|AB6x
|style=&quot;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER SAKHA YAT|&amp;#xab60;}}||style=&quot;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER IOTIFIED E|&amp;#xab61;}}||style=&quot;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER OPEN OE|&amp;#xab62;}}||style=&quot;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER UO|&amp;#xab63;}}||style=&quot;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER INVERTED ALPHA|&amp;#xab64;}}||style=&quot;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK LETTER SMALL CAPITAL OMEGA|&amp;#xab65;}}||style=&quot;background:#e896ff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER DZ DIGRAPH WITH RETROFLEX HOOK|&amp;#xab66;}}||style=&quot;background:#e896ff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER TS DIGRAPH WITH RETROFLEX HOOK|&amp;#xab67;}}||style=&quot;background:#ffb0ff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED R WITH MIDDLE TILDE|&amp;#xab68;}}||style=&quot;background:#ffb0ff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER SMALL TURNED W|&amp;#xab69;}}||style=&quot;background:#ffb0ff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER LEFT TACK|&amp;#xab6a;}}||style=&quot;background:#ffb0ff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER RIGHT TACK|&amp;#xab6b;}}||style=&quot;background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER SCRIPT R|&amp;#xab6c;}}||style=&quot;background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER SCRIPT R WITH RING|&amp;#xab6d;}}||style=&quot;{{19.0}};{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH LEFT HOOK|&amp;#xab6e;}}||style=&quot;{{ProvUntargeted}};{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER TURNED W|&amp;#xab6f;}}
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | '''Cherokee Supplement'''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|AB7x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE SMALL LETTER A|&amp;#xab70;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE SMALL LETTER E|&amp;#xab71;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE SMALL LETTER I|&amp;#xab72;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE SMALL LETTER O|&amp;#xab73;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE SMALL LETTER U|&amp;#xab74;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE SMALL LETTER V|&amp;#xab75;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE SMALL LETTER GA|&amp;#xab76;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE SMALL LETTER KA|&amp;#xab77;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE SMALL LETTER GE|&amp;#xab78;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE SMALL LETTER GI|&amp;#xab79;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE SMALL LETTER GO|&amp;#xab7a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE SMALL LETTER GU|&amp;#xab7b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE SMALL LETTER GV|&amp;#xab7c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE SMALL LETTER HA|&amp;#xab7d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE SMALL LETTER HE|&amp;#xab7e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE SMALL LETTER HI|&amp;#xab7f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|AB8x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE SMALL LETTER HO|&amp;#xab80;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE SMALL LETTER HU|&amp;#xab81;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE SMALL LETTER HV|&amp;#xab82;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE SMALL LETTER LA|&amp;#xab83;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE SMALL LETTER LE|&amp;#xab84;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE SMALL LETTER LI|&amp;#xab85;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE SMALL LETTER LO|&amp;#xab86;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE SMALL LETTER LU|&amp;#xab87;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE SMALL LETTER LV|&amp;#xab88;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE SMALL LETTER MA|&amp;#xab89;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE SMALL LETTER ME|&amp;#xab8a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE SMALL LETTER MI|&amp;#xab8b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE SMALL LETTER MO|&amp;#xab8c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE SMALL LETTER MU|&amp;#xab8d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE SMALL LETTER NA|&amp;#xab8e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE SMALL LETTER HNA|&amp;#xab8f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|AB9x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE SMALL LETTER NAH|&amp;#xab90;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE SMALL LETTER NE|&amp;#xab91;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE SMALL LETTER NI|&amp;#xab92;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE SMALL LETTER NO|&amp;#xab93;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE SMALL LETTER NU|&amp;#xab94;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE SMALL LETTER NV|&amp;#xab95;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE SMALL LETTER QUA|&amp;#xab96;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE SMALL LETTER QUE|&amp;#xab97;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE SMALL LETTER QUI|&amp;#xab98;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE SMALL LETTER QUO|&amp;#xab99;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE SMALL LETTER QUU|&amp;#xab9a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE SMALL LETTER QUV|&amp;#xab9b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE SMALL LETTER SA|&amp;#xab9c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE SMALL LETTER S|&amp;#xab9d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE SMALL LETTER SE|&amp;#xab9e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE SMALL LETTER SI|&amp;#xab9f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|ABAx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE SMALL LETTER SO|&amp;#xaba0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE SMALL LETTER SU|&amp;#xaba1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE SMALL LETTER SV|&amp;#xaba2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE SMALL LETTER DA|&amp;#xaba3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE SMALL LETTER TA|&amp;#xaba4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE SMALL LETTER DE|&amp;#xaba5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE SMALL LETTER TE|&amp;#xaba6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE SMALL LETTER DI|&amp;#xaba7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE SMALL LETTER TI|&amp;#xaba8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE SMALL LETTER DO|&amp;#xaba9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE SMALL LETTER DU|&amp;#xabaa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE SMALL LETTER DV|&amp;#xabab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE SMALL LETTER DLA|&amp;#xabac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE SMALL LETTER TLA|&amp;#xabad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE SMALL LETTER TLE|&amp;#xabae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE SMALL LETTER TLI|&amp;#xabaf;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|ABBx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE SMALL LETTER TLO|&amp;#xabb0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE SMALL LETTER TLU|&amp;#xabb1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE SMALL LETTER TLV|&amp;#xabb2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE SMALL LETTER TSA|&amp;#xabb3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE SMALL LETTER TSE|&amp;#xabb4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE SMALL LETTER TSI|&amp;#xabb5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE SMALL LETTER TSO|&amp;#xabb6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE SMALL LETTER TSU|&amp;#xabb7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE SMALL LETTER TSV|&amp;#xabb8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE SMALL LETTER WA|&amp;#xabb9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE SMALL LETTER WE|&amp;#xabba;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE SMALL LETTER WI|&amp;#xabbb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE SMALL LETTER WO|&amp;#xabbc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE SMALL LETTER WU|&amp;#xabbd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE SMALL LETTER WV|&amp;#xabbe;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE SMALL LETTER YA|&amp;#xabbf;}}
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};;text-align:center&quot; | '''Meetei Mayek'''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|ABCx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|MEETEI MAYEK LETTER KOK|&amp;#xabc0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEETEI MAYEK LETTER SAM|&amp;#xabc1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEETEI MAYEK LETTER LAI|&amp;#xabc2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEETEI MAYEK LETTER MIT|&amp;#xabc3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEETEI MAYEK LETTER PA|&amp;#xabc4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEETEI MAYEK LETTER NA|&amp;#xabc5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEETEI MAYEK LETTER CHIL|&amp;#xabc6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEETEI MAYEK LETTER TIL|&amp;#xabc7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEETEI MAYEK LETTER KHOU|&amp;#xabc8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEETEI MAYEK LETTER NGOU|&amp;#xabc9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEETEI MAYEK LETTER THOU|&amp;#xabca;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEETEI MAYEK LETTER WAI|&amp;#xabcb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEETEI MAYEK LETTER YANG|&amp;#xabcc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEETEI MAYEK LETTER HUK|&amp;#xabcd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEETEI MAYEK LETTER UN|&amp;#xabce;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEETEI MAYEK LETTER I|&amp;#xabcf;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|ABDx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|MEETEI MAYEK LETTER PHAM|&amp;#xabd0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEETEI MAYEK LETTER ATIYA|&amp;#xabd1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEETEI MAYEK LETTER GOK|&amp;#xabd2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEETEI MAYEK LETTER JHAM|&amp;#xabd3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEETEI MAYEK LETTER RAI|&amp;#xabd4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEETEI MAYEK LETTER BA|&amp;#xabd5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEETEI MAYEK LETTER JIL|&amp;#xabd6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEETEI MAYEK LETTER DIL|&amp;#xabd7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEETEI MAYEK LETTER GHOU|&amp;#xabd8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEETEI MAYEK LETTER DHOU|&amp;#xabd9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEETEI MAYEK LETTER BHAM|&amp;#xabda;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEETEI MAYEK LETTER KOK LONSUM|&amp;#xabdb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEETEI MAYEK LETTER LAI LONSUM|&amp;#xabdc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEETEI MAYEK LETTER MIT LONSUM|&amp;#xabdd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEETEI MAYEK LETTER PA LONSUM|&amp;#xabde;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEETEI MAYEK LETTER NA LONSUM|&amp;#xabdf;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|ABEx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|MEETEI MAYEK LETTER TIL LONSUM|&amp;#xabe0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEETEI MAYEK LETTER NGOU LONSUM|&amp;#xabe1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEETEI MAYEK LETTER I LONSUM|&amp;#xabe2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEETEI MAYEK VOWEL SIGN ONAP|&amp;#xabe3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEETEI MAYEK VOWEL SIGN INAP|&amp;#xabe4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEETEI MAYEK VOWEL SIGN ANAP|&amp;#xabe5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEETEI MAYEK VOWEL SIGN YENAP|&amp;#xabe6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEETEI MAYEK VOWEL SIGN SOUNAP|&amp;#xabe7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEETEI MAYEK VOWEL SIGN UNAP|&amp;#xabe8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEETEI MAYEK VOWEL SIGN CHEINAP|&amp;#xabe9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEETEI MAYEK VOWEL SIGN NUNG|&amp;#xabea;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEETEI MAYEK CHEIKHEI|&amp;#xabeb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEETEI MAYEK LUM IYEK|&amp;#xabec;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEETEI MAYEK APUN IYEK|&amp;#xabed;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|ABFx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|MEETEI MAYEK DIGIT ZERO|&amp;#xabf0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEETEI MAYEK DIGIT ONE|&amp;#xabf1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEETEI MAYEK DIGIT TWO|&amp;#xabf2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEETEI MAYEK DIGIT THREE|&amp;#xabf3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEETEI MAYEK DIGIT FOUR|&amp;#xabf4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEETEI MAYEK DIGIT FIVE|&amp;#xabf5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEETEI MAYEK DIGIT SIX|&amp;#xabf6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEETEI MAYEK DIGIT SEVEN|&amp;#xabf7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEETEI MAYEK DIGIT EIGHT|&amp;#xabf8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEETEI MAYEK DIGIT NINE|&amp;#xabf9;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | '''Hangul Syllables'''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#ffc65d;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|AC0x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GA|&amp;#xac00;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GAG|&amp;#xac01;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GAGG|&amp;#xac02;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GAGS|&amp;#xac03;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GAN|&amp;#xac04;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GANJ|&amp;#xac05;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GANH|&amp;#xac06;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GAD|&amp;#xac07;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GAL|&amp;#xac08;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GALG|&amp;#xac09;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GALM|&amp;#xac0a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GALB|&amp;#xac0b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GALS|&amp;#xac0c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GALT|&amp;#xac0d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GALP|&amp;#xac0e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GALH|&amp;#xac0f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#ffc65d;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|AC1x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GAM|&amp;#xac10;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GAB|&amp;#xac11;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GABS|&amp;#xac12;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GAS|&amp;#xac13;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GASS|&amp;#xac14;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GANG|&amp;#xac15;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GAJ|&amp;#xac16;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GAC|&amp;#xac17;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GAK|&amp;#xac18;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GAT|&amp;#xac19;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GAP|&amp;#xac1a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GAH|&amp;#xac1b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GAE|&amp;#xac1c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GAEG|&amp;#xac1d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GAEGG|&amp;#xac1e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GAEGS|&amp;#xac1f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#ffc65d;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|AC2x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GAEN|&amp;#xac20;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GAENJ|&amp;#xac21;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GAENH|&amp;#xac22;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GAED|&amp;#xac23;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GAEL|&amp;#xac24;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GAELG|&amp;#xac25;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GAELM|&amp;#xac26;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GAELB|&amp;#xac27;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GAELS|&amp;#xac28;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GAELT|&amp;#xac29;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GAELP|&amp;#xac2a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GAELH|&amp;#xac2b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GAEM|&amp;#xac2c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GAEB|&amp;#xac2d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GAEBS|&amp;#xac2e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GAES|&amp;#xac2f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#ffc65d;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|AC3x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GAESS|&amp;#xac30;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GAENG|&amp;#xac31;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GAEJ|&amp;#xac32;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GAEC|&amp;#xac33;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GAEK|&amp;#xac34;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GAET|&amp;#xac35;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GAEP|&amp;#xac36;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GAEH|&amp;#xac37;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYA|&amp;#xac38;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYAG|&amp;#xac39;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYAGG|&amp;#xac3a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYAGS|&amp;#xac3b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYAN|&amp;#xac3c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYANJ|&amp;#xac3d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYANH|&amp;#xac3e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYAD|&amp;#xac3f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#ffc65d;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|AC4x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYAL|&amp;#xac40;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYALG|&amp;#xac41;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYALM|&amp;#xac42;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYALB|&amp;#xac43;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYALS|&amp;#xac44;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYALT|&amp;#xac45;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYALP|&amp;#xac46;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYALH|&amp;#xac47;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYAM|&amp;#xac48;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYAB|&amp;#xac49;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYABS|&amp;#xac4a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYAS|&amp;#xac4b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYASS|&amp;#xac4c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYANG|&amp;#xac4d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYAJ|&amp;#xac4e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYAC|&amp;#xac4f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#ffc65d;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|AC5x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYAK|&amp;#xac50;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYAT|&amp;#xac51;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYAP|&amp;#xac52;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYAH|&amp;#xac53;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYAE|&amp;#xac54;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYAEG|&amp;#xac55;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYAEGG|&amp;#xac56;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYAEGS|&amp;#xac57;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYAEN|&amp;#xac58;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYAENJ|&amp;#xac59;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYAENH|&amp;#xac5a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYAED|&amp;#xac5b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYAEL|&amp;#xac5c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYAELG|&amp;#xac5d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYAELM|&amp;#xac5e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYAELB|&amp;#xac5f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#ffc65d;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|AC6x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYAELS|&amp;#xac60;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYAELT|&amp;#xac61;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYAELP|&amp;#xac62;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYAELH|&amp;#xac63;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYAEM|&amp;#xac64;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYAEB|&amp;#xac65;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYAEBS|&amp;#xac66;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYAES|&amp;#xac67;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYAESS|&amp;#xac68;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYAENG|&amp;#xac69;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYAEJ|&amp;#xac6a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYAEC|&amp;#xac6b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYAEK|&amp;#xac6c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYAET|&amp;#xac6d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYAEP|&amp;#xac6e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYAEH|&amp;#xac6f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#ffc65d;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|AC7x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GEO|&amp;#xac70;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GEOG|&amp;#xac71;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GEOGG|&amp;#xac72;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GEOGS|&amp;#xac73;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GEON|&amp;#xac74;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GEONJ|&amp;#xac75;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GEONH|&amp;#xac76;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GEOD|&amp;#xac77;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GEOL|&amp;#xac78;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GEOLG|&amp;#xac79;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GEOLM|&amp;#xac7a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GEOLB|&amp;#xac7b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GEOLS|&amp;#xac7c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GEOLT|&amp;#xac7d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GEOLP|&amp;#xac7e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GEOLH|&amp;#xac7f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#ffc65d;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|AC8x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GEOM|&amp;#xac80;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GEOB|&amp;#xac81;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GEOBS|&amp;#xac82;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GEOS|&amp;#xac83;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GEOSS|&amp;#xac84;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GEONG|&amp;#xac85;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GEOJ|&amp;#xac86;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GEOC|&amp;#xac87;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GEOK|&amp;#xac88;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GEOT|&amp;#xac89;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GEOP|&amp;#xac8a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GEOH|&amp;#xac8b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GE|&amp;#xac8c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GEG|&amp;#xac8d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GEGG|&amp;#xac8e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GEGS|&amp;#xac8f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#ffc65d;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|AC9x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GEN|&amp;#xac90;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GENJ|&amp;#xac91;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GENH|&amp;#xac92;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GED|&amp;#xac93;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GEL|&amp;#xac94;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GELG|&amp;#xac95;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GELM|&amp;#xac96;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GELB|&amp;#xac97;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GELS|&amp;#xac98;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GELT|&amp;#xac99;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GELP|&amp;#xac9a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GELH|&amp;#xac9b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GEM|&amp;#xac9c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GEB|&amp;#xac9d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GEBS|&amp;#xac9e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GES|&amp;#xac9f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#ffc65d;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|ACAx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GESS|&amp;#xaca0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GENG|&amp;#xaca1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GEJ|&amp;#xaca2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GEC|&amp;#xaca3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GEK|&amp;#xaca4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GET|&amp;#xaca5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GEP|&amp;#xaca6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GEH|&amp;#xaca7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYEO|&amp;#xaca8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYEOG|&amp;#xaca9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYEOGG|&amp;#xacaa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYEOGS|&amp;#xacab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYEON|&amp;#xacac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYEONJ|&amp;#xacad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYEONH|&amp;#xacae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYEOD|&amp;#xacaf;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#ffc65d;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|ACBx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYEOL|&amp;#xacb0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYEOLG|&amp;#xacb1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYEOLM|&amp;#xacb2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYEOLB|&amp;#xacb3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYEOLS|&amp;#xacb4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYEOLT|&amp;#xacb5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYEOLP|&amp;#xacb6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYEOLH|&amp;#xacb7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYEOM|&amp;#xacb8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYEOB|&amp;#xacb9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYEOBS|&amp;#xacba;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYEOS|&amp;#xacbb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYEOSS|&amp;#xacbc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYEONG|&amp;#xacbd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYEOJ|&amp;#xacbe;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYEOC|&amp;#xacbf;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#ffc65d;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|ACCx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYEOK|&amp;#xacc0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYEOT|&amp;#xacc1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYEOP|&amp;#xacc2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYEOH|&amp;#xacc3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYE|&amp;#xacc4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYEG|&amp;#xacc5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYEGG|&amp;#xacc6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYEGS|&amp;#xacc7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYEN|&amp;#xacc8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYENJ|&amp;#xacc9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYENH|&amp;#xacca;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYED|&amp;#xaccb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYEL|&amp;#xaccc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYELG|&amp;#xaccd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYELM|&amp;#xacce;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYELB|&amp;#xaccf;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#ffc65d;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|ACDx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYELS|&amp;#xacd0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYELT|&amp;#xacd1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYELP|&amp;#xacd2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYELH|&amp;#xacd3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYEM|&amp;#xacd4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYEB|&amp;#xacd5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYEBS|&amp;#xacd6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYES|&amp;#xacd7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYESS|&amp;#xacd8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYENG|&amp;#xacd9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYEJ|&amp;#xacda;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYEC|&amp;#xacdb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYEK|&amp;#xacdc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYET|&amp;#xacdd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYEP|&amp;#xacde;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYEH|&amp;#xacdf;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#ffc65d;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|ACEx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GO|&amp;#xace0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GOG|&amp;#xace1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GOGG|&amp;#xace2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GOGS|&amp;#xace3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GON|&amp;#xace4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GONJ|&amp;#xace5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GONH|&amp;#xace6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GOD|&amp;#xace7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GOL|&amp;#xace8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GOLG|&amp;#xace9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GOLM|&amp;#xacea;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GOLB|&amp;#xaceb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GOLS|&amp;#xacec;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GOLT|&amp;#xaced;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GOLP|&amp;#xacee;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GOLH|&amp;#xacef;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#ffc65d;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|ACFx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GOM|&amp;#xacf0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GOB|&amp;#xacf1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GOBS|&amp;#xacf2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GOS|&amp;#xacf3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GOSS|&amp;#xacf4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GONG|&amp;#xacf5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GOJ|&amp;#xacf6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GOC|&amp;#xacf7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GOK|&amp;#xacf8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GOT|&amp;#xacf9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GOP|&amp;#xacfa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GOH|&amp;#xacfb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWA|&amp;#xacfc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWAG|&amp;#xacfd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWAGG|&amp;#xacfe;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWAGS|&amp;#xacff;}}
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#ffc65d;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|AD0x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWAN|&amp;#xad00;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWANJ|&amp;#xad01;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWANH|&amp;#xad02;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWAD|&amp;#xad03;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWAL|&amp;#xad04;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWALG|&amp;#xad05;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWALM|&amp;#xad06;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWALB|&amp;#xad07;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWALS|&amp;#xad08;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWALT|&amp;#xad09;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWALP|&amp;#xad0a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWALH|&amp;#xad0b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWAM|&amp;#xad0c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWAB|&amp;#xad0d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWABS|&amp;#xad0e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWAS|&amp;#xad0f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#ffc65d;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|AD1x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWASS|&amp;#xad10;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWANG|&amp;#xad11;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWAJ|&amp;#xad12;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWAC|&amp;#xad13;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWAK|&amp;#xad14;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWAT|&amp;#xad15;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWAP|&amp;#xad16;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWAH|&amp;#xad17;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWAE|&amp;#xad18;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWAEG|&amp;#xad19;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWAEGG|&amp;#xad1a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWAEGS|&amp;#xad1b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWAEN|&amp;#xad1c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWAENJ|&amp;#xad1d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWAENH|&amp;#xad1e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWAED|&amp;#xad1f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#ffc65d;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|AD2x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWAEL|&amp;#xad20;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWAELG|&amp;#xad21;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWAELM|&amp;#xad22;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWAELB|&amp;#xad23;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWAELS|&amp;#xad24;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWAELT|&amp;#xad25;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWAELP|&amp;#xad26;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWAELH|&amp;#xad27;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWAEM|&amp;#xad28;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWAEB|&amp;#xad29;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWAEBS|&amp;#xad2a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWAES|&amp;#xad2b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWAESS|&amp;#xad2c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWAENG|&amp;#xad2d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWAEJ|&amp;#xad2e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWAEC|&amp;#xad2f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#ffc65d;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|AD3x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWAEK|&amp;#xad30;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWAET|&amp;#xad31;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWAEP|&amp;#xad32;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWAEH|&amp;#xad33;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GOE|&amp;#xad34;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GOEG|&amp;#xad35;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GOEGG|&amp;#xad36;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GOEGS|&amp;#xad37;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GOEN|&amp;#xad38;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GOENJ|&amp;#xad39;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GOENH|&amp;#xad3a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GOED|&amp;#xad3b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GOEL|&amp;#xad3c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GOELG|&amp;#xad3d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GOELM|&amp;#xad3e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GOELB|&amp;#xad3f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#ffc65d;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|AD4x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GOELS|&amp;#xad40;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GOELT|&amp;#xad41;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GOELP|&amp;#xad42;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GOELH|&amp;#xad43;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GOEM|&amp;#xad44;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GOEB|&amp;#xad45;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GOEBS|&amp;#xad46;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GOES|&amp;#xad47;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GOESS|&amp;#xad48;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GOENG|&amp;#xad49;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GOEJ|&amp;#xad4a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GOEC|&amp;#xad4b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GOEK|&amp;#xad4c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GOET|&amp;#xad4d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GOEP|&amp;#xad4e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GOEH|&amp;#xad4f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#ffc65d;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|AD5x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYO|&amp;#xad50;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYOG|&amp;#xad51;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYOGG|&amp;#xad52;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYOGS|&amp;#xad53;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYON|&amp;#xad54;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYONJ|&amp;#xad55;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYONH|&amp;#xad56;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYOD|&amp;#xad57;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYOL|&amp;#xad58;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYOLG|&amp;#xad59;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYOLM|&amp;#xad5a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYOLB|&amp;#xad5b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYOLS|&amp;#xad5c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYOLT|&amp;#xad5d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYOLP|&amp;#xad5e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYOLH|&amp;#xad5f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#ffc65d;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|AD6x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYOM|&amp;#xad60;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYOB|&amp;#xad61;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYOBS|&amp;#xad62;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYOS|&amp;#xad63;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYOSS|&amp;#xad64;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYONG|&amp;#xad65;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYOJ|&amp;#xad66;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYOC|&amp;#xad67;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYOK|&amp;#xad68;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYOT|&amp;#xad69;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYOP|&amp;#xad6a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYOH|&amp;#xad6b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GU|&amp;#xad6c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GUG|&amp;#xad6d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GUGG|&amp;#xad6e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GUGS|&amp;#xad6f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#ffc65d;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|AD7x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GUN|&amp;#xad70;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GUNJ|&amp;#xad71;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GUNH|&amp;#xad72;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GUD|&amp;#xad73;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GUL|&amp;#xad74;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GULG|&amp;#xad75;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GULM|&amp;#xad76;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GULB|&amp;#xad77;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GULS|&amp;#xad78;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GULT|&amp;#xad79;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GULP|&amp;#xad7a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GULH|&amp;#xad7b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GUM|&amp;#xad7c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GUB|&amp;#xad7d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GUBS|&amp;#xad7e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GUS|&amp;#xad7f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#ffc65d;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|AD8x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GUSS|&amp;#xad80;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GUNG|&amp;#xad81;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GUJ|&amp;#xad82;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GUC|&amp;#xad83;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GUK|&amp;#xad84;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GUT|&amp;#xad85;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GUP|&amp;#xad86;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GUH|&amp;#xad87;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWEO|&amp;#xad88;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWEOG|&amp;#xad89;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWEOGG|&amp;#xad8a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWEOGS|&amp;#xad8b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWEON|&amp;#xad8c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWEONJ|&amp;#xad8d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWEONH|&amp;#xad8e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWEOD|&amp;#xad8f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#ffc65d;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|AD9x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWEOL|&amp;#xad90;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWEOLG|&amp;#xad91;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWEOLM|&amp;#xad92;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWEOLB|&amp;#xad93;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWEOLS|&amp;#xad94;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWEOLT|&amp;#xad95;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWEOLP|&amp;#xad96;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWEOLH|&amp;#xad97;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWEOM|&amp;#xad98;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWEOB|&amp;#xad99;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWEOBS|&amp;#xad9a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWEOS|&amp;#xad9b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWEOSS|&amp;#xad9c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWEONG|&amp;#xad9d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWEOJ|&amp;#xad9e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWEOC|&amp;#xad9f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#ffc65d;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|ADAx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWEOK|&amp;#xada0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWEOT|&amp;#xada1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWEOP|&amp;#xada2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWEOH|&amp;#xada3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWE|&amp;#xada4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWEG|&amp;#xada5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWEGG|&amp;#xada6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWEGS|&amp;#xada7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWEN|&amp;#xada8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWENJ|&amp;#xada9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWENH|&amp;#xadaa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWED|&amp;#xadab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWEL|&amp;#xadac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWELG|&amp;#xadad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWELM|&amp;#xadae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWELB|&amp;#xadaf;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#ffc65d;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|ADBx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWELS|&amp;#xadb0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWELT|&amp;#xadb1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWELP|&amp;#xadb2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWELH|&amp;#xadb3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWEM|&amp;#xadb4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWEB|&amp;#xadb5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWEBS|&amp;#xadb6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWES|&amp;#xadb7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWESS|&amp;#xadb8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWENG|&amp;#xadb9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWEJ|&amp;#xadba;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWEC|&amp;#xadbb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWEK|&amp;#xadbc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWET|&amp;#xadbd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWEP|&amp;#xadbe;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWEH|&amp;#xadbf;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#ffc65d;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|ADCx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWI|&amp;#xadc0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWIG|&amp;#xadc1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWIGG|&amp;#xadc2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWIGS|&amp;#xadc3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWIN|&amp;#xadc4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWINJ|&amp;#xadc5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWINH|&amp;#xadc6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWID|&amp;#xadc7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWIL|&amp;#xadc8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWILG|&amp;#xadc9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWILM|&amp;#xadca;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWILB|&amp;#xadcb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWILS|&amp;#xadcc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWILT|&amp;#xadcd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWILP|&amp;#xadce;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWILH|&amp;#xadcf;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#ffc65d;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|ADDx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWIM|&amp;#xadd0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWIB|&amp;#xadd1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWIBS|&amp;#xadd2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWIS|&amp;#xadd3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWISS|&amp;#xadd4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWING|&amp;#xadd5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWIJ|&amp;#xadd6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWIC|&amp;#xadd7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWIK|&amp;#xadd8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWIT|&amp;#xadd9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWIP|&amp;#xadda;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GWIH|&amp;#xaddb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYU|&amp;#xaddc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYUG|&amp;#xaddd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYUGG|&amp;#xadde;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYUGS|&amp;#xaddf;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#ffc65d;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|ADEx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYUN|&amp;#xade0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYUNJ|&amp;#xade1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYUNH|&amp;#xade2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYUD|&amp;#xade3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYUL|&amp;#xade4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYULG|&amp;#xade5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYULM|&amp;#xade6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYULB|&amp;#xade7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYULS|&amp;#xade8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYULT|&amp;#xade9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYULP|&amp;#xadea;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYULH|&amp;#xadeb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYUM|&amp;#xadec;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYUB|&amp;#xaded;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYUBS|&amp;#xadee;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYUS|&amp;#xadef;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#ffc65d;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|ADFx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYUSS|&amp;#xadf0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYUNG|&amp;#xadf1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYUJ|&amp;#xadf2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYUC|&amp;#xadf3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYUK|&amp;#xadf4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYUT|&amp;#xadf5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYUP|&amp;#xadf6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYUH|&amp;#xadf7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GEU|&amp;#xadf8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GEUG|&amp;#xadf9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GEUGG|&amp;#xadfa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GEUGS|&amp;#xadfb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GEUN|&amp;#xadfc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GEUNJ|&amp;#xadfd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GEUNH|&amp;#xadfe;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GEUD|&amp;#xadff;}}
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#ffc65d;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|AE0x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GEUL|&amp;#xae00;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GEULG|&amp;#xae01;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GEULM|&amp;#xae02;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GEULB|&amp;#xae03;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GEULS|&amp;#xae04;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GEULT|&amp;#xae05;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GEULP|&amp;#xae06;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GEULH|&amp;#xae07;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GEUM|&amp;#xae08;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GEUB|&amp;#xae09;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GEUBS|&amp;#xae0a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GEUS|&amp;#xae0b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GEUSS|&amp;#xae0c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GEUNG|&amp;#xae0d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GEUJ|&amp;#xae0e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GEUC|&amp;#xae0f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#ffc65d;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|AE1x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GEUK|&amp;#xae10;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GEUT|&amp;#xae11;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GEUP|&amp;#xae12;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GEUH|&amp;#xae13;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYI|&amp;#xae14;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYIG|&amp;#xae15;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYIGG|&amp;#xae16;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYIGS|&amp;#xae17;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYIN|&amp;#xae18;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYINJ|&amp;#xae19;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYINH|&amp;#xae1a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYID|&amp;#xae1b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYIL|&amp;#xae1c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYILG|&amp;#xae1d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYILM|&amp;#xae1e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYILB|&amp;#xae1f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#ffc65d;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|AE2x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYILS|&amp;#xae20;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYILT|&amp;#xae21;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYILP|&amp;#xae22;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYILH|&amp;#xae23;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYIM|&amp;#xae24;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYIB|&amp;#xae25;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYIBS|&amp;#xae26;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYIS|&amp;#xae27;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYISS|&amp;#xae28;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYING|&amp;#xae29;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYIJ|&amp;#xae2a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYIC|&amp;#xae2b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYIK|&amp;#xae2c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYIT|&amp;#xae2d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYIP|&amp;#xae2e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GYIH|&amp;#xae2f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#ffc65d;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|AE3x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GI|&amp;#xae30;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GIG|&amp;#xae31;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GIGG|&amp;#xae32;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GIGS|&amp;#xae33;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GIN|&amp;#xae34;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GINJ|&amp;#xae35;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GINH|&amp;#xae36;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GID|&amp;#xae37;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GIL|&amp;#xae38;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GILG|&amp;#xae39;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GILM|&amp;#xae3a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GILB|&amp;#xae3b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GILS|&amp;#xae3c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GILT|&amp;#xae3d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GILP|&amp;#xae3e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GILH|&amp;#xae3f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#ffc65d;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|AE4x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GIM|&amp;#xae40;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GIB|&amp;#xae41;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GIBS|&amp;#xae42;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GIS|&amp;#xae43;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GISS|&amp;#xae44;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GING|&amp;#xae45;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GIJ|&amp;#xae46;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GIC|&amp;#xae47;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GIK|&amp;#xae48;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GIT|&amp;#xae49;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GIP|&amp;#xae4a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GIH|&amp;#xae4b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGA|&amp;#xae4c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGAG|&amp;#xae4d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGAGG|&amp;#xae4e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGAGS|&amp;#xae4f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#ffc65d;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|AE5x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGAN|&amp;#xae50;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGANJ|&amp;#xae51;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGANH|&amp;#xae52;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGAD|&amp;#xae53;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGAL|&amp;#xae54;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGALG|&amp;#xae55;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGALM|&amp;#xae56;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGALB|&amp;#xae57;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGALS|&amp;#xae58;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGALT|&amp;#xae59;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGALP|&amp;#xae5a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGALH|&amp;#xae5b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGAM|&amp;#xae5c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGAB|&amp;#xae5d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGABS|&amp;#xae5e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGAS|&amp;#xae5f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#ffc65d;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|AE6x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGASS|&amp;#xae60;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGANG|&amp;#xae61;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGAJ|&amp;#xae62;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGAC|&amp;#xae63;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGAK|&amp;#xae64;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGAT|&amp;#xae65;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGAP|&amp;#xae66;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGAH|&amp;#xae67;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGAE|&amp;#xae68;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGAEG|&amp;#xae69;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGAEGG|&amp;#xae6a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGAEGS|&amp;#xae6b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGAEN|&amp;#xae6c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGAENJ|&amp;#xae6d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGAENH|&amp;#xae6e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGAED|&amp;#xae6f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#ffc65d;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|AE7x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGAEL|&amp;#xae70;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGAELG|&amp;#xae71;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGAELM|&amp;#xae72;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGAELB|&amp;#xae73;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGAELS|&amp;#xae74;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGAELT|&amp;#xae75;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGAELP|&amp;#xae76;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGAELH|&amp;#xae77;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGAEM|&amp;#xae78;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGAEB|&amp;#xae79;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGAEBS|&amp;#xae7a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGAES|&amp;#xae7b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGAESS|&amp;#xae7c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGAENG|&amp;#xae7d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGAEJ|&amp;#xae7e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGAEC|&amp;#xae7f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#ffc65d;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|AE8x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGAEK|&amp;#xae80;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGAET|&amp;#xae81;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGAEP|&amp;#xae82;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGAEH|&amp;#xae83;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYA|&amp;#xae84;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYAG|&amp;#xae85;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYAGG|&amp;#xae86;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYAGS|&amp;#xae87;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYAN|&amp;#xae88;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYANJ|&amp;#xae89;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYANH|&amp;#xae8a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYAD|&amp;#xae8b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYAL|&amp;#xae8c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYALG|&amp;#xae8d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYALM|&amp;#xae8e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYALB|&amp;#xae8f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#ffc65d;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|AE9x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYALS|&amp;#xae90;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYALT|&amp;#xae91;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYALP|&amp;#xae92;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYALH|&amp;#xae93;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYAM|&amp;#xae94;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYAB|&amp;#xae95;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYABS|&amp;#xae96;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYAS|&amp;#xae97;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYASS|&amp;#xae98;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYANG|&amp;#xae99;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYAJ|&amp;#xae9a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYAC|&amp;#xae9b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYAK|&amp;#xae9c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYAT|&amp;#xae9d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYAP|&amp;#xae9e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYAH|&amp;#xae9f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#ffc65d;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|AEAx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYAE|&amp;#xaea0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYAEG|&amp;#xaea1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYAEGG|&amp;#xaea2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYAEGS|&amp;#xaea3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYAEN|&amp;#xaea4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYAENJ|&amp;#xaea5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYAENH|&amp;#xaea6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYAED|&amp;#xaea7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYAEL|&amp;#xaea8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYAELG|&amp;#xaea9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYAELM|&amp;#xaeaa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYAELB|&amp;#xaeab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYAELS|&amp;#xaeac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYAELT|&amp;#xaead;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYAELP|&amp;#xaeae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYAELH|&amp;#xaeaf;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#ffc65d;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|AEBx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYAEM|&amp;#xaeb0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYAEB|&amp;#xaeb1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYAEBS|&amp;#xaeb2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYAES|&amp;#xaeb3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYAESS|&amp;#xaeb4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYAENG|&amp;#xaeb5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYAEJ|&amp;#xaeb6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYAEC|&amp;#xaeb7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYAEK|&amp;#xaeb8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYAET|&amp;#xaeb9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYAEP|&amp;#xaeba;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYAEH|&amp;#xaebb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGEO|&amp;#xaebc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGEOG|&amp;#xaebd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGEOGG|&amp;#xaebe;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGEOGS|&amp;#xaebf;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#ffc65d;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|AECx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGEON|&amp;#xaec0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGEONJ|&amp;#xaec1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGEONH|&amp;#xaec2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGEOD|&amp;#xaec3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGEOL|&amp;#xaec4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGEOLG|&amp;#xaec5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGEOLM|&amp;#xaec6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGEOLB|&amp;#xaec7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGEOLS|&amp;#xaec8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGEOLT|&amp;#xaec9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGEOLP|&amp;#xaeca;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGEOLH|&amp;#xaecb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGEOM|&amp;#xaecc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGEOB|&amp;#xaecd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGEOBS|&amp;#xaece;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGEOS|&amp;#xaecf;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#ffc65d;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|AEDx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGEOSS|&amp;#xaed0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGEONG|&amp;#xaed1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGEOJ|&amp;#xaed2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGEOC|&amp;#xaed3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGEOK|&amp;#xaed4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGEOT|&amp;#xaed5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGEOP|&amp;#xaed6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGEOH|&amp;#xaed7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGE|&amp;#xaed8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGEG|&amp;#xaed9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGEGG|&amp;#xaeda;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGEGS|&amp;#xaedb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGEN|&amp;#xaedc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGENJ|&amp;#xaedd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGENH|&amp;#xaede;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGED|&amp;#xaedf;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#ffc65d;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|AEEx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGEL|&amp;#xaee0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGELG|&amp;#xaee1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGELM|&amp;#xaee2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGELB|&amp;#xaee3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGELS|&amp;#xaee4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGELT|&amp;#xaee5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGELP|&amp;#xaee6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGELH|&amp;#xaee7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGEM|&amp;#xaee8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGEB|&amp;#xaee9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGEBS|&amp;#xaeea;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGES|&amp;#xaeeb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGESS|&amp;#xaeec;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGENG|&amp;#xaeed;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGEJ|&amp;#xaeee;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGEC|&amp;#xaeef;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#ffc65d;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|AEFx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGEK|&amp;#xaef0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGET|&amp;#xaef1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGEP|&amp;#xaef2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGEH|&amp;#xaef3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYEO|&amp;#xaef4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYEOG|&amp;#xaef5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYEOGG|&amp;#xaef6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYEOGS|&amp;#xaef7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYEON|&amp;#xaef8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYEONJ|&amp;#xaef9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYEONH|&amp;#xaefa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYEOD|&amp;#xaefb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYEOL|&amp;#xaefc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYEOLG|&amp;#xaefd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYEOLM|&amp;#xaefe;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYEOLB|&amp;#xaeff;}}
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#ffc65d;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|AF0x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYEOLS|&amp;#xaf00;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYEOLT|&amp;#xaf01;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYEOLP|&amp;#xaf02;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYEOLH|&amp;#xaf03;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYEOM|&amp;#xaf04;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYEOB|&amp;#xaf05;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYEOBS|&amp;#xaf06;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYEOS|&amp;#xaf07;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYEOSS|&amp;#xaf08;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYEONG|&amp;#xaf09;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYEOJ|&amp;#xaf0a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYEOC|&amp;#xaf0b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYEOK|&amp;#xaf0c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYEOT|&amp;#xaf0d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYEOP|&amp;#xaf0e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYEOH|&amp;#xaf0f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#ffc65d;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|AF1x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYE|&amp;#xaf10;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYEG|&amp;#xaf11;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYEGG|&amp;#xaf12;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYEGS|&amp;#xaf13;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYEN|&amp;#xaf14;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYENJ|&amp;#xaf15;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYENH|&amp;#xaf16;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYED|&amp;#xaf17;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYEL|&amp;#xaf18;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYELG|&amp;#xaf19;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYELM|&amp;#xaf1a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYELB|&amp;#xaf1b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYELS|&amp;#xaf1c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYELT|&amp;#xaf1d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYELP|&amp;#xaf1e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYELH|&amp;#xaf1f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#ffc65d;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|AF2x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYEM|&amp;#xaf20;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYEB|&amp;#xaf21;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYEBS|&amp;#xaf22;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYES|&amp;#xaf23;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYESS|&amp;#xaf24;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYENG|&amp;#xaf25;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYEJ|&amp;#xaf26;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYEC|&amp;#xaf27;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYEK|&amp;#xaf28;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYET|&amp;#xaf29;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYEP|&amp;#xaf2a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYEH|&amp;#xaf2b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGO|&amp;#xaf2c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGOG|&amp;#xaf2d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGOGG|&amp;#xaf2e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGOGS|&amp;#xaf2f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#ffc65d;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|AF3x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGON|&amp;#xaf30;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGONJ|&amp;#xaf31;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGONH|&amp;#xaf32;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGOD|&amp;#xaf33;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGOL|&amp;#xaf34;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGOLG|&amp;#xaf35;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGOLM|&amp;#xaf36;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGOLB|&amp;#xaf37;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGOLS|&amp;#xaf38;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGOLT|&amp;#xaf39;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGOLP|&amp;#xaf3a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGOLH|&amp;#xaf3b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGOM|&amp;#xaf3c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGOB|&amp;#xaf3d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGOBS|&amp;#xaf3e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGOS|&amp;#xaf3f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#ffc65d;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|AF4x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGOSS|&amp;#xaf40;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGONG|&amp;#xaf41;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGOJ|&amp;#xaf42;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGOC|&amp;#xaf43;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGOK|&amp;#xaf44;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGOT|&amp;#xaf45;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGOP|&amp;#xaf46;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGOH|&amp;#xaf47;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGWA|&amp;#xaf48;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGWAG|&amp;#xaf49;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGWAGG|&amp;#xaf4a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGWAGS|&amp;#xaf4b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGWAN|&amp;#xaf4c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGWANJ|&amp;#xaf4d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGWANH|&amp;#xaf4e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGWAD|&amp;#xaf4f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#ffc65d;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|AF5x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGWAL|&amp;#xaf50;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGWALG|&amp;#xaf51;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGWALM|&amp;#xaf52;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGWALB|&amp;#xaf53;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGWALS|&amp;#xaf54;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGWALT|&amp;#xaf55;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGWALP|&amp;#xaf56;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGWALH|&amp;#xaf57;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGWAM|&amp;#xaf58;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGWAB|&amp;#xaf59;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGWABS|&amp;#xaf5a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGWAS|&amp;#xaf5b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGWASS|&amp;#xaf5c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGWANG|&amp;#xaf5d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGWAJ|&amp;#xaf5e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGWAC|&amp;#xaf5f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#ffc65d;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|AF6x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGWAK|&amp;#xaf60;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGWAT|&amp;#xaf61;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGWAP|&amp;#xaf62;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGWAH|&amp;#xaf63;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGWAE|&amp;#xaf64;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGWAEG|&amp;#xaf65;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGWAEGG|&amp;#xaf66;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGWAEGS|&amp;#xaf67;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGWAEN|&amp;#xaf68;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGWAENJ|&amp;#xaf69;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGWAENH|&amp;#xaf6a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGWAED|&amp;#xaf6b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGWAEL|&amp;#xaf6c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGWAELG|&amp;#xaf6d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGWAELM|&amp;#xaf6e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGWAELB|&amp;#xaf6f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#ffc65d;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|AF7x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGWAELS|&amp;#xaf70;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGWAELT|&amp;#xaf71;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGWAELP|&amp;#xaf72;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGWAELH|&amp;#xaf73;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGWAEM|&amp;#xaf74;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGWAEB|&amp;#xaf75;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGWAEBS|&amp;#xaf76;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGWAES|&amp;#xaf77;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGWAESS|&amp;#xaf78;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGWAENG|&amp;#xaf79;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGWAEJ|&amp;#xaf7a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGWAEC|&amp;#xaf7b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGWAEK|&amp;#xaf7c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGWAET|&amp;#xaf7d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGWAEP|&amp;#xaf7e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGWAEH|&amp;#xaf7f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#ffc65d;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|AF8x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGOE|&amp;#xaf80;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGOEG|&amp;#xaf81;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGOEGG|&amp;#xaf82;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGOEGS|&amp;#xaf83;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGOEN|&amp;#xaf84;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGOENJ|&amp;#xaf85;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGOENH|&amp;#xaf86;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGOED|&amp;#xaf87;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGOEL|&amp;#xaf88;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGOELG|&amp;#xaf89;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGOELM|&amp;#xaf8a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGOELB|&amp;#xaf8b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGOELS|&amp;#xaf8c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGOELT|&amp;#xaf8d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGOELP|&amp;#xaf8e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGOELH|&amp;#xaf8f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#ffc65d;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|AF9x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGOEM|&amp;#xaf90;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGOEB|&amp;#xaf91;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGOEBS|&amp;#xaf92;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGOES|&amp;#xaf93;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGOESS|&amp;#xaf94;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGOENG|&amp;#xaf95;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGOEJ|&amp;#xaf96;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGOEC|&amp;#xaf97;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGOEK|&amp;#xaf98;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGOET|&amp;#xaf99;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGOEP|&amp;#xaf9a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGOEH|&amp;#xaf9b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYO|&amp;#xaf9c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYOG|&amp;#xaf9d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYOGG|&amp;#xaf9e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYOGS|&amp;#xaf9f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#ffc65d;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|AFAx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYON|&amp;#xafa0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYONJ|&amp;#xafa1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYONH|&amp;#xafa2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYOD|&amp;#xafa3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYOL|&amp;#xafa4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYOLG|&amp;#xafa5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYOLM|&amp;#xafa6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYOLB|&amp;#xafa7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYOLS|&amp;#xafa8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYOLT|&amp;#xafa9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYOLP|&amp;#xafaa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYOLH|&amp;#xafab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYOM|&amp;#xafac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYOB|&amp;#xafad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYOBS|&amp;#xafae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYOS|&amp;#xafaf;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#ffc65d;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|AFBx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYOSS|&amp;#xafb0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYONG|&amp;#xafb1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYOJ|&amp;#xafb2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYOC|&amp;#xafb3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYOK|&amp;#xafb4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYOT|&amp;#xafb5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYOP|&amp;#xafb6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGYOH|&amp;#xafb7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGU|&amp;#xafb8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGUG|&amp;#xafb9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGUGG|&amp;#xafba;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGUGS|&amp;#xafbb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGUN|&amp;#xafbc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGUNJ|&amp;#xafbd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGUNH|&amp;#xafbe;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGUD|&amp;#xafbf;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#ffc65d;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|AFCx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGUL|&amp;#xafc0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGULG|&amp;#xafc1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGULM|&amp;#xafc2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGULB|&amp;#xafc3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGULS|&amp;#xafc4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGULT|&amp;#xafc5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGULP|&amp;#xafc6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGULH|&amp;#xafc7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGUM|&amp;#xafc8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGUB|&amp;#xafc9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGUBS|&amp;#xafca;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGUS|&amp;#xafcb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGUSS|&amp;#xafcc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGUNG|&amp;#xafcd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGUJ|&amp;#xafce;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGUC|&amp;#xafcf;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#ffc65d;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|AFDx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGUK|&amp;#xafd0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGUT|&amp;#xafd1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGUP|&amp;#xafd2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGUH|&amp;#xafd3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGWEO|&amp;#xafd4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGWEOG|&amp;#xafd5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGWEOGG|&amp;#xafd6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGWEOGS|&amp;#xafd7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGWEON|&amp;#xafd8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGWEONJ|&amp;#xafd9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGWEONH|&amp;#xafda;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGWEOD|&amp;#xafdb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGWEOL|&amp;#xafdc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGWEOLG|&amp;#xafdd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGWEOLM|&amp;#xafde;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGWEOLB|&amp;#xafdf;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#ffc65d;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|AFEx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGWEOLS|&amp;#xafe0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGWEOLT|&amp;#xafe1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGWEOLP|&amp;#xafe2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGWEOLH|&amp;#xafe3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGWEOM|&amp;#xafe4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGWEOB|&amp;#xafe5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGWEOBS|&amp;#xafe6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGWEOS|&amp;#xafe7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGWEOSS|&amp;#xafe8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGWEONG|&amp;#xafe9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGWEOJ|&amp;#xafea;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGWEOC|&amp;#xafeb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGWEOK|&amp;#xafec;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGWEOT|&amp;#xafed;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGWEOP|&amp;#xafee;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGWEOH|&amp;#xafef;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#ffc65d;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|AFFx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGWE|&amp;#xaff0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGWEG|&amp;#xaff1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGWEGG|&amp;#xaff2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGWEGS|&amp;#xaff3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGWEN|&amp;#xaff4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGWENJ|&amp;#xaff5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGWENH|&amp;#xaff6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGWED|&amp;#xaff7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGWEL|&amp;#xaff8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGWELG|&amp;#xaff9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGWELM|&amp;#xaffa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGWELB|&amp;#xaffb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGWELS|&amp;#xaffc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGWELT|&amp;#xaffd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGWELP|&amp;#xaffe;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SYLLABLE GGWELH|&amp;#xafff;}}
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|}
{{:Unicode/Character/footer}}</text>
      <sha1>gn5an0giun1v3yhkyv3by0qzimomixe</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Unicode/Character reference/10000-10FFF</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>77339</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4680373</id>
      <parentid>4680252</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T12:03:42Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ILYA125467</username>
        <id>3627024</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Added characters to provisionally assigned characters and characters accepted for 19.0; it's easier to work with them that way.</comment>
      <origin>4680373</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="246842" sha1="llwjsictnp6ltsgzhfh9w7bluho7t8y" xml:space="preserve">{{:Unicode/Character reference}}
{|border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;2&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; style=&quot;border-collapse:collapse;&quot;
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | '''Linear B Syllabary'''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!width=&quot;4%&quot;|U+!!width=&quot;6%&quot;|0!!width=&quot;6%&quot;|1!!width=&quot;6%&quot;|2!!width=&quot;6%&quot;|3!!width=&quot;6%&quot;|4!!width=&quot;6%&quot;|5!!width=&quot;6%&quot;|6!!width=&quot;6%&quot;|7!!width=&quot;6%&quot;|8!!width=&quot;6%&quot;|9!!width=&quot;6%&quot;|A!!width=&quot;6%&quot;|B!!width=&quot;6%&quot;|C!!width=&quot;6%&quot;|D!!width=&quot;6%&quot;|E!!width=&quot;6%&quot;|F
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#92ff6c;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1000x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B SYLLABLE B008 A|&amp;#x10000;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B SYLLABLE B038 E|&amp;#x10001;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B SYLLABLE B028 I|&amp;#x10002;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B SYLLABLE B061 O|&amp;#x10003;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B SYLLABLE B010 U|&amp;#x10004;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B SYLLABLE B001 DA|&amp;#x10005;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B SYLLABLE B045 DE|&amp;#x10006;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B SYLLABLE B007 DI|&amp;#x10007;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B SYLLABLE B014 DO|&amp;#x10008;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B SYLLABLE B051 DU|&amp;#x10009;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B SYLLABLE B057 JA|&amp;#x1000a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B SYLLABLE B046 JE|&amp;#x1000b;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B SYLLABLE B036 JO|&amp;#x1000d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B SYLLABLE B065 JU|&amp;#x1000e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B SYLLABLE B077 KA|&amp;#x1000f;}}
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#92ff6c;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1001x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B SYLLABLE B044 KE|&amp;#x10010;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B SYLLABLE B067 KI|&amp;#x10011;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B SYLLABLE B070 KO|&amp;#x10012;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B SYLLABLE B081 KU|&amp;#x10013;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B SYLLABLE B080 MA|&amp;#x10014;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B SYLLABLE B013 ME|&amp;#x10015;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B SYLLABLE B073 MI|&amp;#x10016;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B SYLLABLE B015 MO|&amp;#x10017;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B SYLLABLE B023 MU|&amp;#x10018;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B SYLLABLE B006 NA|&amp;#x10019;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B SYLLABLE B024 NE|&amp;#x1001a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B SYLLABLE B030 NI|&amp;#x1001b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B SYLLABLE B052 NO|&amp;#x1001c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B SYLLABLE B055 NU|&amp;#x1001d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B SYLLABLE B003 PA|&amp;#x1001e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B SYLLABLE B072 PE|&amp;#x1001f;}}
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#92ff6c;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1002x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B SYLLABLE B039 PI|&amp;#x10020;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B SYLLABLE B011 PO|&amp;#x10021;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B SYLLABLE B050 PU|&amp;#x10022;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B SYLLABLE B016 QA|&amp;#x10023;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B SYLLABLE B078 QE|&amp;#x10024;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B SYLLABLE B021 QI|&amp;#x10025;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B SYLLABLE B032 QO|&amp;#x10026;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B SYLLABLE B060 RA|&amp;#x10028;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B SYLLABLE B027 RE|&amp;#x10029;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B SYLLABLE B053 RI|&amp;#x1002a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B SYLLABLE B002 RO|&amp;#x1002b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B SYLLABLE B026 RU|&amp;#x1002c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B SYLLABLE B031 SA|&amp;#x1002d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B SYLLABLE B009 SE|&amp;#x1002e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B SYLLABLE B041 SI|&amp;#x1002f;}}
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#92ff6c;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1003x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B SYLLABLE B012 SO|&amp;#x10030;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B SYLLABLE B058 SU|&amp;#x10031;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B SYLLABLE B059 TA|&amp;#x10032;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B SYLLABLE B004 TE|&amp;#x10033;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B SYLLABLE B037 TI|&amp;#x10034;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B SYLLABLE B005 TO|&amp;#x10035;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B SYLLABLE B069 TU|&amp;#x10036;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B SYLLABLE B054 WA|&amp;#x10037;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B SYLLABLE B075 WE|&amp;#x10038;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B SYLLABLE B040 WI|&amp;#x10039;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B SYLLABLE B042 WO|&amp;#x1003a;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B SYLLABLE B017 ZA|&amp;#x1003c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B SYLLABLE B074 ZE|&amp;#x1003d;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B SYLLABLE B020 ZO|&amp;#x1003f;}}
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#92ff6c;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1004x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B SYLLABLE B025 A2|&amp;#x10040;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B SYLLABLE B043 A3|&amp;#x10041;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B SYLLABLE B085 AU|&amp;#x10042;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B SYLLABLE B071 DWE|&amp;#x10043;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B SYLLABLE B090 DWO|&amp;#x10044;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B SYLLABLE B048 NWA|&amp;#x10045;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B SYLLABLE B029 PU2|&amp;#x10046;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B SYLLABLE B062 PTE|&amp;#x10047;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B SYLLABLE B076 RA2|&amp;#x10048;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B SYLLABLE B033 RA3|&amp;#x10049;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B SYLLABLE B068 RO2|&amp;#x1004a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B SYLLABLE B066 TA2|&amp;#x1004b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B SYLLABLE B087 TWE|&amp;#x1004c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B SYLLABLE B091 TWO|&amp;#x1004d;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#92ff6c;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1005x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B SYMBOL B018|&amp;#x10050;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B SYMBOL B019|&amp;#x10051;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B SYMBOL B022|&amp;#x10052;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B SYMBOL B034|&amp;#x10053;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B SYMBOL B047|&amp;#x10054;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B SYMBOL B049|&amp;#x10055;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B SYMBOL B056|&amp;#x10056;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B SYMBOL B063|&amp;#x10057;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B SYMBOL B064|&amp;#x10058;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B SYMBOL B079|&amp;#x10059;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B SYMBOL B082|&amp;#x1005a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B SYMBOL B083|&amp;#x1005b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B SYMBOL B086|&amp;#x1005c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B SYMBOL B089|&amp;#x1005d;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1006x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1007x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | '''Linear B Ideograms'''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#92ff6c;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1008x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM B100 MAN|&amp;#x10080;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM B102 WOMAN|&amp;#x10081;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM B104 DEER|&amp;#x10082;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM B105 EQUID|&amp;#x10083;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM B105F MARE|&amp;#x10084;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM B105M STALLION|&amp;#x10085;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM B106F EWE|&amp;#x10086;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM B106M RAM|&amp;#x10087;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM B107F SHE-GOAT|&amp;#x10088;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM B107M HE-GOAT|&amp;#x10089;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM B108F SOW|&amp;#x1008a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM B108M BOAR|&amp;#x1008b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM B109F COW|&amp;#x1008c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM B109M BULL|&amp;#x1008d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM B120 WHEAT|&amp;#x1008e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM B121 BARLEY|&amp;#x1008f;}}
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#92ff6c;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1009x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM B122 OLIVE|&amp;#x10090;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM B123 SPICE|&amp;#x10091;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM B125 CYPERUS|&amp;#x10092;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B MONOGRAM B127 KAPO|&amp;#x10093;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B MONOGRAM B128 KANAKO|&amp;#x10094;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM B130 OIL|&amp;#x10095;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM B131 WINE|&amp;#x10096;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM B132|&amp;#x10097;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B MONOGRAM B133 AREPA|&amp;#x10098;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B MONOGRAM B135 MERI|&amp;#x10099;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM B140 BRONZE|&amp;#x1009a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM B141 GOLD|&amp;#x1009b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM B142|&amp;#x1009c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM B145 WOOL|&amp;#x1009d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM B146|&amp;#x1009e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM B150|&amp;#x1009f;}}
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#92ff6c;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|100Ax
|{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM B151 HORN|&amp;#x100a0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM B152|&amp;#x100a1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM B153|&amp;#x100a2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM B154|&amp;#x100a3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B MONOGRAM B156 TURO2|&amp;#x100a4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM B157|&amp;#x100a5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM B158|&amp;#x100a6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM B159 CLOTH|&amp;#x100a7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM B160|&amp;#x100a8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM B161|&amp;#x100a9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM B162 GARMENT|&amp;#x100aa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM B163 ARMOUR|&amp;#x100ab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM B164|&amp;#x100ac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM B165|&amp;#x100ad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM B166|&amp;#x100ae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM B167|&amp;#x100af;}}
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#92ff6c;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|100Bx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM B168|&amp;#x100b0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM B169|&amp;#x100b1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM B170|&amp;#x100b2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM B171|&amp;#x100b3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM B172|&amp;#x100b4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM B173 MONTH|&amp;#x100b5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM B174|&amp;#x100b6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM B176 TREE|&amp;#x100b7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM B177|&amp;#x100b8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM B178|&amp;#x100b9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM B179|&amp;#x100ba;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM B180|&amp;#x100bb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM B181|&amp;#x100bc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM B182|&amp;#x100bd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM B183|&amp;#x100be;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM B184|&amp;#x100bf;}}
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#92ff6c;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|100Cx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM B185|&amp;#x100c0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM B189|&amp;#x100c1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM B190|&amp;#x100c2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM B191 HELMET|&amp;#x100c3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM B220 FOOTSTOOL|&amp;#x100c4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM B225 BATHTUB|&amp;#x100c5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM B230 SPEAR|&amp;#x100c6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM B231 ARROW|&amp;#x100c7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM B232|&amp;#x100c8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM B233 SWORD|&amp;#x100c9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM B234|&amp;#x100ca;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM B236|&amp;#x100cb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM B240 WHEELED CHARIOT|&amp;#x100cc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM B241 CHARIOT|&amp;#x100cd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM B242 CHARIOT FRAME|&amp;#x100ce;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM B243 WHEEL|&amp;#x100cf;}}
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#92ff6c;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|100Dx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM B245|&amp;#x100d0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM B246|&amp;#x100d1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B MONOGRAM B247 DIPTE|&amp;#x100d2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM B248|&amp;#x100d3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM B249|&amp;#x100d4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM B251|&amp;#x100d5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM B252|&amp;#x100d6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM B253|&amp;#x100d7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM B254 DART|&amp;#x100d8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM B255|&amp;#x100d9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM B256|&amp;#x100da;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM B257|&amp;#x100db;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM B258|&amp;#x100dc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM B259|&amp;#x100dd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM VESSEL B155|&amp;#x100de;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM VESSEL B200|&amp;#x100df;}}
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#92ff6c;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|100Ex
|{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM VESSEL B201|&amp;#x100e0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM VESSEL B202|&amp;#x100e1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM VESSEL B203|&amp;#x100e2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM VESSEL B204|&amp;#x100e3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM VESSEL B205|&amp;#x100e4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM VESSEL B206|&amp;#x100e5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM VESSEL B207|&amp;#x100e6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM VESSEL B208|&amp;#x100e7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM VESSEL B209|&amp;#x100e8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM VESSEL B210|&amp;#x100e9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM VESSEL B211|&amp;#x100ea;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM VESSEL B212|&amp;#x100eb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM VESSEL B213|&amp;#x100ec;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM VESSEL B214|&amp;#x100ed;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM VESSEL B215|&amp;#x100ee;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM VESSEL B216|&amp;#x100ef;}}
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#92ff6c;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|100Fx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM VESSEL B217|&amp;#x100f0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM VESSEL B218|&amp;#x100f1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM VESSEL B219|&amp;#x100f2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM VESSEL B221|&amp;#x100f3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM VESSEL B222|&amp;#x100f4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM VESSEL B226|&amp;#x100f5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM VESSEL B227|&amp;#x100f6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM VESSEL B228|&amp;#x100f7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM VESSEL B229|&amp;#x100f8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM VESSEL B250|&amp;#x100f9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR B IDEOGRAM VESSEL B305|&amp;#x100fa;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | '''Aegean Numbers'''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#92ff6c;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1010x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|AEGEAN WORD SEPARATOR LINE|&amp;#x10100;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AEGEAN WORD SEPARATOR DOT|&amp;#x10101;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AEGEAN CHECK MARK|&amp;#x10102;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|AEGEAN NUMBER ONE|&amp;#x10107;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AEGEAN NUMBER TWO|&amp;#x10108;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AEGEAN NUMBER THREE|&amp;#x10109;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AEGEAN NUMBER FOUR|&amp;#x1010a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AEGEAN NUMBER FIVE|&amp;#x1010b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AEGEAN NUMBER SIX|&amp;#x1010c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AEGEAN NUMBER SEVEN|&amp;#x1010d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AEGEAN NUMBER EIGHT|&amp;#x1010e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AEGEAN NUMBER NINE|&amp;#x1010f;}}
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#92ff6c;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1011x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|AEGEAN NUMBER TEN|&amp;#x10110;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AEGEAN NUMBER TWENTY|&amp;#x10111;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AEGEAN NUMBER THIRTY|&amp;#x10112;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AEGEAN NUMBER FORTY|&amp;#x10113;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AEGEAN NUMBER FIFTY|&amp;#x10114;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AEGEAN NUMBER SIXTY|&amp;#x10115;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AEGEAN NUMBER SEVENTY|&amp;#x10116;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AEGEAN NUMBER EIGHTY|&amp;#x10117;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AEGEAN NUMBER NINETY|&amp;#x10118;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AEGEAN NUMBER ONE HUNDRED|&amp;#x10119;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AEGEAN NUMBER TWO HUNDRED|&amp;#x1011a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AEGEAN NUMBER THREE HUNDRED|&amp;#x1011b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AEGEAN NUMBER FOUR HUNDRED|&amp;#x1011c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AEGEAN NUMBER FIVE HUNDRED|&amp;#x1011d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AEGEAN NUMBER SIX HUNDRED|&amp;#x1011e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AEGEAN NUMBER SEVEN HUNDRED|&amp;#x1011f;}}
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#92ff6c;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1012x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|AEGEAN NUMBER EIGHT HUNDRED|&amp;#x10120;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AEGEAN NUMBER NINE HUNDRED|&amp;#x10121;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AEGEAN NUMBER ONE THOUSAND|&amp;#x10122;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AEGEAN NUMBER TWO THOUSAND|&amp;#x10123;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AEGEAN NUMBER THREE THOUSAND|&amp;#x10124;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AEGEAN NUMBER FOUR THOUSAND|&amp;#x10125;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AEGEAN NUMBER FIVE THOUSAND|&amp;#x10126;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AEGEAN NUMBER SIX THOUSAND|&amp;#x10127;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AEGEAN NUMBER SEVEN THOUSAND|&amp;#x10128;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AEGEAN NUMBER EIGHT THOUSAND|&amp;#x10129;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AEGEAN NUMBER NINE THOUSAND|&amp;#x1012a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AEGEAN NUMBER TEN THOUSAND|&amp;#x1012b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AEGEAN NUMBER TWENTY THOUSAND|&amp;#x1012c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AEGEAN NUMBER THIRTY THOUSAND|&amp;#x1012d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AEGEAN NUMBER FORTY THOUSAND|&amp;#x1012e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AEGEAN NUMBER FIFTY THOUSAND|&amp;#x1012f;}}
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#92ff6c;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1013x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|AEGEAN NUMBER SIXTY THOUSAND|&amp;#x10130;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AEGEAN NUMBER SEVENTY THOUSAND|&amp;#x10131;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AEGEAN NUMBER EIGHTY THOUSAND|&amp;#x10132;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AEGEAN NUMBER NINETY THOUSAND|&amp;#x10133;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|AEGEAN WEIGHT BASE UNIT|&amp;#x10137;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AEGEAN WEIGHT FIRST SUBUNIT|&amp;#x10138;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AEGEAN WEIGHT SECOND SUBUNIT|&amp;#x10139;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AEGEAN WEIGHT THIRD SUBUNIT|&amp;#x1013a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AEGEAN WEIGHT FOURTH SUBUNIT|&amp;#x1013b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AEGEAN DRY MEASURE FIRST SUBUNIT|&amp;#x1013c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AEGEAN LIQUID MEASURE FIRST SUBUNIT|&amp;#x1013d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AEGEAN MEASURE SECOND SUBUNIT|&amp;#x1013e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AEGEAN MEASURE THIRD SUBUNIT|&amp;#x1013f;}}
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | '''Ancient Greek Numbers'''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#75ff6f;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1014x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK ACROPHONIC ATTIC ONE QUARTER|&amp;#x10140;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK ACROPHONIC ATTIC ONE HALF|&amp;#x10141;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK ACROPHONIC ATTIC ONE DRACHMA|&amp;#x10142;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK ACROPHONIC ATTIC FIVE|&amp;#x10143;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK ACROPHONIC ATTIC FIFTY|&amp;#x10144;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK ACROPHONIC ATTIC FIVE HUNDRED|&amp;#x10145;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK ACROPHONIC ATTIC FIVE THOUSAND|&amp;#x10146;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK ACROPHONIC ATTIC FIFTY THOUSAND|&amp;#x10147;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK ACROPHONIC ATTIC FIVE TALENTS|&amp;#x10148;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK ACROPHONIC ATTIC TEN TALENTS|&amp;#x10149;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK ACROPHONIC ATTIC FIFTY TALENTS|&amp;#x1014a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK ACROPHONIC ATTIC ONE HUNDRED TALENTS|&amp;#x1014b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK ACROPHONIC ATTIC FIVE HUNDRED TALENTS|&amp;#x1014c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK ACROPHONIC ATTIC ONE THOUSAND TALENTS|&amp;#x1014d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK ACROPHONIC ATTIC FIVE THOUSAND TALENTS|&amp;#x1014e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK ACROPHONIC ATTIC FIVE STATERS|&amp;#x1014f;}}
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#75ff6f;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1015x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK ACROPHONIC ATTIC TEN STATERS|&amp;#x10150;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK ACROPHONIC ATTIC FIFTY STATERS|&amp;#x10151;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK ACROPHONIC ATTIC ONE HUNDRED STATERS|&amp;#x10152;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK ACROPHONIC ATTIC FIVE HUNDRED STATERS|&amp;#x10153;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK ACROPHONIC ATTIC ONE THOUSAND STATERS|&amp;#x10154;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK ACROPHONIC ATTIC TEN THOUSAND STATERS|&amp;#x10155;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK ACROPHONIC ATTIC FIFTY THOUSAND STATERS|&amp;#x10156;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK ACROPHONIC ATTIC TEN MNAS|&amp;#x10157;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK ACROPHONIC HERAEUM ONE PLETHRON|&amp;#x10158;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK ACROPHONIC THESPIAN ONE|&amp;#x10159;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK ACROPHONIC HERMIONIAN ONE|&amp;#x1015a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK ACROPHONIC EPIDAUREAN TWO|&amp;#x1015b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK ACROPHONIC THESPIAN TWO|&amp;#x1015c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK ACROPHONIC CYRENAIC TWO DRACHMAS|&amp;#x1015d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK ACROPHONIC EPIDAUREAN TWO DRACHMAS|&amp;#x1015e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK ACROPHONIC TROEZENIAN FIVE|&amp;#x1015f;}}
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#75ff6f;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1016x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK ACROPHONIC TROEZENIAN TEN|&amp;#x10160;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK ACROPHONIC TROEZENIAN TEN ALTERNATE FORM|&amp;#x10161;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK ACROPHONIC HERMIONIAN TEN|&amp;#x10162;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK ACROPHONIC MESSENIAN TEN|&amp;#x10163;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK ACROPHONIC THESPIAN TEN|&amp;#x10164;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK ACROPHONIC THESPIAN THIRTY|&amp;#x10165;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK ACROPHONIC TROEZENIAN FIFTY|&amp;#x10166;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK ACROPHONIC TROEZENIAN FIFTY ALTERNATE FORM|&amp;#x10167;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK ACROPHONIC HERMIONIAN FIFTY|&amp;#x10168;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK ACROPHONIC THESPIAN FIFTY|&amp;#x10169;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK ACROPHONIC THESPIAN ONE HUNDRED|&amp;#x1016a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK ACROPHONIC THESPIAN THREE HUNDRED|&amp;#x1016b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK ACROPHONIC EPIDAUREAN FIVE HUNDRED|&amp;#x1016c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK ACROPHONIC TROEZENIAN FIVE HUNDRED|&amp;#x1016d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK ACROPHONIC THESPIAN FIVE HUNDRED|&amp;#x1016e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK ACROPHONIC CARYSTIAN FIVE HUNDRED|&amp;#x1016f;}}
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#75ff6f;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1017x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK ACROPHONIC NAXIAN FIVE HUNDRED|&amp;#x10170;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK ACROPHONIC THESPIAN ONE THOUSAND|&amp;#x10171;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK ACROPHONIC THESPIAN FIVE THOUSAND|&amp;#x10172;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK ACROPHONIC DELPHIC FIVE MNAS|&amp;#x10173;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK ACROPHONIC STRATIAN FIFTY MNAS|&amp;#x10174;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK ONE HALF SIGN|&amp;#x10175;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK ONE HALF SIGN ALTERNATE FORM|&amp;#x10176;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK TWO THIRDS SIGN|&amp;#x10177;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK THREE QUARTERS SIGN|&amp;#x10178;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK YEAR SIGN|&amp;#x10179;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK TALENT SIGN|&amp;#x1017a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK DRACHMA SIGN|&amp;#x1017b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK OBOL SIGN|&amp;#x1017c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK TWO OBOLS SIGN|&amp;#x1017d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK THREE OBOLS SIGN|&amp;#x1017e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK FOUR OBOLS SIGN|&amp;#x1017f;}}
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#75ff6f;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1018x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK FIVE OBOLS SIGN|&amp;#x10180;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK METRETES SIGN|&amp;#x10181;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK KYATHOS BASE SIGN|&amp;#x10182;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK LITRA SIGN|&amp;#x10183;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK OUNKIA SIGN|&amp;#x10184;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK XESTES SIGN|&amp;#x10185;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK ARTABE SIGN|&amp;#x10186;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK AROURA SIGN|&amp;#x10187;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK GRAMMA SIGN|&amp;#x10188;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK TRYBLION BASE SIGN|&amp;#x10189;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK ZERO SIGN|&amp;#x1018a;}}||style=&quot;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK ONE QUARTER SIGN|&amp;#x1018b;}}||style=&quot;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SINUSOID SIGN|&amp;#x1018c;}}||style=&quot;background:#9c8dff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK INDICTION SIGN|&amp;#x1018d;}}||style=&quot;background:#9c8dff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|NOMISMA SIGN|&amp;#x1018e;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | '''Ancient Symbols'''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#75ffab;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1019x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|ROMAN SEXTANS SIGN|&amp;#x10190;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ROMAN UNCIA SIGN|&amp;#x10191;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ROMAN SEMUNCIA SIGN|&amp;#x10192;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ROMAN SEXTULA SIGN|&amp;#x10193;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ROMAN DIMIDIA SEXTULA SIGN|&amp;#x10194;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ROMAN SILIQUA SIGN|&amp;#x10195;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ROMAN DENARIUS SIGN|&amp;#x10196;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ROMAN QUINARIUS SIGN|&amp;#x10197;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ROMAN SESTERTIUS SIGN|&amp;#x10198;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ROMAN DUPONDIUS SIGN|&amp;#x10199;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ROMAN AS SIGN|&amp;#x1019a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ROMAN CENTURIAL SIGN|&amp;#x1019b;}}||style=&quot;background:#ffb0ff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|ASCIA SYMBOL|&amp;#x1019c;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|101Ax
|style=&quot;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SYMBOL TAU RHO|&amp;#x101a0;}}||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|101Bx
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|101Cx
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | '''Phaistos Disc'''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#75ffab;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|101Dx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|PHAISTOS DISC SIGN PEDESTRIAN|&amp;#x101d0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHAISTOS DISC SIGN PLUMED HEAD|&amp;#x101d1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHAISTOS DISC SIGN TATTOOED HEAD|&amp;#x101d2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHAISTOS DISC SIGN CAPTIVE|&amp;#x101d3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHAISTOS DISC SIGN CHILD|&amp;#x101d4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHAISTOS DISC SIGN WOMAN|&amp;#x101d5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHAISTOS DISC SIGN HELMET|&amp;#x101d6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHAISTOS DISC SIGN GAUNTLET|&amp;#x101d7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHAISTOS DISC SIGN TIARA|&amp;#x101d8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHAISTOS DISC SIGN ARROW|&amp;#x101d9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHAISTOS DISC SIGN BOW|&amp;#x101da;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHAISTOS DISC SIGN SHIELD|&amp;#x101db;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHAISTOS DISC SIGN CLUB|&amp;#x101dc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHAISTOS DISC SIGN MANACLES|&amp;#x101dd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHAISTOS DISC SIGN MATTOCK|&amp;#x101de;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHAISTOS DISC SIGN SAW|&amp;#x101df;}}
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#75ffab;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|101Ex
|{{H:title|dotted=no|PHAISTOS DISC SIGN LID|&amp;#x101e0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHAISTOS DISC SIGN BOOMERANG|&amp;#x101e1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHAISTOS DISC SIGN CARPENTRY PLANE|&amp;#x101e2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHAISTOS DISC SIGN DOLIUM|&amp;#x101e3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHAISTOS DISC SIGN COMB|&amp;#x101e4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHAISTOS DISC SIGN SLING|&amp;#x101e5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHAISTOS DISC SIGN COLUMN|&amp;#x101e6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHAISTOS DISC SIGN BEEHIVE|&amp;#x101e7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHAISTOS DISC SIGN SHIP|&amp;#x101e8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHAISTOS DISC SIGN HORN|&amp;#x101e9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHAISTOS DISC SIGN HIDE|&amp;#x101ea;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHAISTOS DISC SIGN BULLS LEG|&amp;#x101eb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHAISTOS DISC SIGN CAT|&amp;#x101ec;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHAISTOS DISC SIGN RAM|&amp;#x101ed;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHAISTOS DISC SIGN EAGLE|&amp;#x101ee;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHAISTOS DISC SIGN DOVE|&amp;#x101ef;}}
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#75ffab;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|101Fx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|PHAISTOS DISC SIGN TUNNY|&amp;#x101f0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHAISTOS DISC SIGN BEE|&amp;#x101f1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHAISTOS DISC SIGN PLANE TREE|&amp;#x101f2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHAISTOS DISC SIGN VINE|&amp;#x101f3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHAISTOS DISC SIGN PAPYRUS|&amp;#x101f4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHAISTOS DISC SIGN ROSETTE|&amp;#x101f5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHAISTOS DISC SIGN LILY|&amp;#x101f6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHAISTOS DISC SIGN OX BACK|&amp;#x101f7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHAISTOS DISC SIGN FLUTE|&amp;#x101f8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHAISTOS DISC SIGN GRATER|&amp;#x101f9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHAISTOS DISC SIGN STRAINER|&amp;#x101fa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHAISTOS DISC SIGN SMALL AXE|&amp;#x101fb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHAISTOS DISC SIGN WAVY BAND|&amp;#x101fc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHAISTOS DISC SIGN COMBINING OBLIQUE STROKE|&amp;#x101fd;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | '''''North Palaeohispanic'''''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1020x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1021x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1022x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1023x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | '''''South Palaeohispanic'''''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1024x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1025x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1026x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1027x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | '''Lycian'''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#75ffab;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1028x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|LYCIAN LETTER A|&amp;#x10280;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LYCIAN LETTER E|&amp;#x10281;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LYCIAN LETTER B|&amp;#x10282;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LYCIAN LETTER BH|&amp;#x10283;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LYCIAN LETTER G|&amp;#x10284;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LYCIAN LETTER D|&amp;#x10285;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LYCIAN LETTER I|&amp;#x10286;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LYCIAN LETTER W|&amp;#x10287;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LYCIAN LETTER Z|&amp;#x10288;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LYCIAN LETTER TH|&amp;#x10289;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LYCIAN LETTER J|&amp;#x1028a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LYCIAN LETTER K|&amp;#x1028b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LYCIAN LETTER Q|&amp;#x1028c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LYCIAN LETTER L|&amp;#x1028d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LYCIAN LETTER M|&amp;#x1028e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LYCIAN LETTER N|&amp;#x1028f;}}
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#75ffab;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1029x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|LYCIAN LETTER MM|&amp;#x10290;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LYCIAN LETTER NN|&amp;#x10291;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LYCIAN LETTER U|&amp;#x10292;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LYCIAN LETTER P|&amp;#x10293;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LYCIAN LETTER KK|&amp;#x10294;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LYCIAN LETTER R|&amp;#x10295;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LYCIAN LETTER S|&amp;#x10296;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LYCIAN LETTER T|&amp;#x10297;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LYCIAN LETTER TT|&amp;#x10298;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LYCIAN LETTER AN|&amp;#x10299;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LYCIAN LETTER EN|&amp;#x1029a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LYCIAN LETTER H|&amp;#x1029b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LYCIAN LETTER X|&amp;#x1029c;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | '''Carian'''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#75ffab;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|102Ax
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CARIAN LETTER A|&amp;#x102a0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CARIAN LETTER P2|&amp;#x102a1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CARIAN LETTER D|&amp;#x102a2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CARIAN LETTER L|&amp;#x102a3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CARIAN LETTER UUU|&amp;#x102a4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CARIAN LETTER R|&amp;#x102a5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CARIAN LETTER LD|&amp;#x102a6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CARIAN LETTER A2|&amp;#x102a7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CARIAN LETTER Q|&amp;#x102a8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CARIAN LETTER B|&amp;#x102a9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CARIAN LETTER M|&amp;#x102aa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CARIAN LETTER O|&amp;#x102ab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CARIAN LETTER D2|&amp;#x102ac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CARIAN LETTER T|&amp;#x102ad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CARIAN LETTER SH|&amp;#x102ae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CARIAN LETTER SH2|&amp;#x102af;}}
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#75ffab;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|102Bx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CARIAN LETTER S|&amp;#x102b0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CARIAN LETTER C-18|&amp;#x102b1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CARIAN LETTER U|&amp;#x102b2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CARIAN LETTER NN|&amp;#x102b3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CARIAN LETTER X|&amp;#x102b4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CARIAN LETTER N|&amp;#x102b5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CARIAN LETTER TT2|&amp;#x102b6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CARIAN LETTER P|&amp;#x102b7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CARIAN LETTER SS|&amp;#x102b8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CARIAN LETTER I|&amp;#x102b9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CARIAN LETTER E|&amp;#x102ba;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CARIAN LETTER UUUU|&amp;#x102bb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CARIAN LETTER K|&amp;#x102bc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CARIAN LETTER K2|&amp;#x102bd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CARIAN LETTER ND|&amp;#x102be;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CARIAN LETTER UU|&amp;#x102bf;}}
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#75ffab;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|102Cx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CARIAN LETTER G|&amp;#x102c0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CARIAN LETTER G2|&amp;#x102c1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CARIAN LETTER ST|&amp;#x102c2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CARIAN LETTER ST2|&amp;#x102c3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CARIAN LETTER NG|&amp;#x102c4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CARIAN LETTER II|&amp;#x102c5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CARIAN LETTER C-39|&amp;#x102c6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CARIAN LETTER TT|&amp;#x102c7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CARIAN LETTER UUU2|&amp;#x102c8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CARIAN LETTER RR|&amp;#x102c9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CARIAN LETTER MB|&amp;#x102ca;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CARIAN LETTER MB2|&amp;#x102cb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CARIAN LETTER MB3|&amp;#x102cc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CARIAN LETTER MB4|&amp;#x102cd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CARIAN LETTER LD2|&amp;#x102ce;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CARIAN LETTER E2|&amp;#x102cf;}}
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|102Dx
|style=&quot;background:#75ffab;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|CARIAN LETTER UUU3|&amp;#x102d0;}}||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | '''Coptic Epact Numbers'''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|102Ex
|{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC EPACT THOUSANDS MARK|&amp;#x102e0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC EPACT DIGIT ONE|&amp;#x102e1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC EPACT DIGIT TWO|&amp;#x102e2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC EPACT DIGIT THREE|&amp;#x102e3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC EPACT DIGIT FOUR|&amp;#x102e4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC EPACT DIGIT FIVE|&amp;#x102e5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC EPACT DIGIT SIX|&amp;#x102e6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC EPACT DIGIT SEVEN|&amp;#x102e7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC EPACT DIGIT EIGHT|&amp;#x102e8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC EPACT DIGIT NINE|&amp;#x102e9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC EPACT NUMBER TEN|&amp;#x102ea;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC EPACT NUMBER TWENTY|&amp;#x102eb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC EPACT NUMBER THIRTY|&amp;#x102ec;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC EPACT NUMBER FORTY|&amp;#x102ed;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC EPACT NUMBER FIFTY|&amp;#x102ee;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC EPACT NUMBER SIXTY|&amp;#x102ef;}}
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|102Fx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC EPACT NUMBER SEVENTY|&amp;#x102f0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC EPACT NUMBER EIGHTY|&amp;#x102f1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC EPACT NUMBER NINETY|&amp;#x102f2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC EPACT NUMBER ONE HUNDRED|&amp;#x102f3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC EPACT NUMBER TWO HUNDRED|&amp;#x102f4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC EPACT NUMBER THREE HUNDRED|&amp;#x102f5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC EPACT NUMBER FOUR HUNDRED|&amp;#x102f6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC EPACT NUMBER FIVE HUNDRED|&amp;#x102f7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC EPACT NUMBER SIX HUNDRED|&amp;#x102f8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC EPACT NUMBER SEVEN HUNDRED|&amp;#x102f9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC EPACT NUMBER EIGHT HUNDRED|&amp;#x102fa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC EPACT NUMBER NINE HUNDRED|&amp;#x102fb;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | '''Old Italic'''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#d0ff66;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1030x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD ITALIC LETTER A|&amp;#x10300;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD ITALIC LETTER BE|&amp;#x10301;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD ITALIC LETTER KE|&amp;#x10302;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD ITALIC LETTER DE|&amp;#x10303;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD ITALIC LETTER E|&amp;#x10304;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD ITALIC LETTER VE|&amp;#x10305;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD ITALIC LETTER ZE|&amp;#x10306;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD ITALIC LETTER HE|&amp;#x10307;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD ITALIC LETTER THE|&amp;#x10308;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD ITALIC LETTER I|&amp;#x10309;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD ITALIC LETTER KA|&amp;#x1030a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD ITALIC LETTER EL|&amp;#x1030b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD ITALIC LETTER EM|&amp;#x1030c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD ITALIC LETTER EN|&amp;#x1030d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD ITALIC LETTER ESH|&amp;#x1030e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD ITALIC LETTER O|&amp;#x1030f;}}
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#d0ff66;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1031x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD ITALIC LETTER PE|&amp;#x10310;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD ITALIC LETTER SHE|&amp;#x10311;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD ITALIC LETTER KU|&amp;#x10312;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD ITALIC LETTER ER|&amp;#x10313;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD ITALIC LETTER ES|&amp;#x10314;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD ITALIC LETTER TE|&amp;#x10315;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD ITALIC LETTER U|&amp;#x10316;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD ITALIC LETTER EKS|&amp;#x10317;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD ITALIC LETTER PHE|&amp;#x10318;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD ITALIC LETTER KHE|&amp;#x10319;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD ITALIC LETTER EF|&amp;#x1031a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD ITALIC LETTER ERS|&amp;#x1031b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD ITALIC LETTER CHE|&amp;#x1031c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD ITALIC LETTER II|&amp;#x1031d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD ITALIC LETTER UU|&amp;#x1031e;}}||style=&quot;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD ITALIC LETTER ESS|&amp;#x1031f;}}
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1032x
|style=&quot;background:#d0ff66;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD ITALIC NUMERAL ONE|&amp;#x10320;}}||style=&quot;background:#d0ff66;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD ITALIC NUMERAL FIVE|&amp;#x10321;}}||style=&quot;background:#d0ff66;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD ITALIC NUMERAL TEN|&amp;#x10322;}}||style=&quot;background:#d0ff66;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD ITALIC NUMERAL FIFTY|&amp;#x10323;}}||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#b690ff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD ITALIC LETTER YE|&amp;#x1032d;}}||style=&quot;background:#b690ff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD ITALIC LETTER NORTHERN TSE|&amp;#x1032e;}}||style=&quot;background:#b690ff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD ITALIC LETTER SOUTHERN TSE|&amp;#x1032f;}}
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | '''Gothic'''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#d0ff66;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1033x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|GOTHIC LETTER AHSA|&amp;#x10330;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GOTHIC LETTER BAIRKAN|&amp;#x10331;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GOTHIC LETTER GIBA|&amp;#x10332;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GOTHIC LETTER DAGS|&amp;#x10333;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GOTHIC LETTER AIHVUS|&amp;#x10334;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GOTHIC LETTER QAIRTHRA|&amp;#x10335;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GOTHIC LETTER IUJA|&amp;#x10336;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GOTHIC LETTER HAGL|&amp;#x10337;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GOTHIC LETTER THIUTH|&amp;#x10338;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GOTHIC LETTER EIS|&amp;#x10339;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GOTHIC LETTER KUSMA|&amp;#x1033a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GOTHIC LETTER LAGUS|&amp;#x1033b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GOTHIC LETTER MANNA|&amp;#x1033c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GOTHIC LETTER NAUTHS|&amp;#x1033d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GOTHIC LETTER JER|&amp;#x1033e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GOTHIC LETTER URUS|&amp;#x1033f;}}
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#d0ff66;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1034x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|GOTHIC LETTER PAIRTHRA|&amp;#x10340;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GOTHIC LETTER NINETY|&amp;#x10341;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GOTHIC LETTER RAIDA|&amp;#x10342;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GOTHIC LETTER SAUIL|&amp;#x10343;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GOTHIC LETTER TEIWS|&amp;#x10344;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GOTHIC LETTER WINJA|&amp;#x10345;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GOTHIC LETTER FAIHU|&amp;#x10346;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GOTHIC LETTER IGGWS|&amp;#x10347;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GOTHIC LETTER HWAIR|&amp;#x10348;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GOTHIC LETTER OTHAL|&amp;#x10349;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GOTHIC LETTER NINE HUNDRED|&amp;#x1034a;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | '''Old Permic'''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1035x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD PERMIC LETTER AN|&amp;#x10350;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD PERMIC LETTER BUR|&amp;#x10351;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD PERMIC LETTER GAI|&amp;#x10352;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD PERMIC LETTER DOI|&amp;#x10353;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD PERMIC LETTER E|&amp;#x10354;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD PERMIC LETTER ZHOI|&amp;#x10355;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD PERMIC LETTER DZHOI|&amp;#x10356;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD PERMIC LETTER ZATA|&amp;#x10357;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD PERMIC LETTER DZITA|&amp;#x10358;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD PERMIC LETTER I|&amp;#x10359;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD PERMIC LETTER KOKE|&amp;#x1035a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD PERMIC LETTER LEI|&amp;#x1035b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD PERMIC LETTER MENOE|&amp;#x1035c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD PERMIC LETTER NENOE|&amp;#x1035d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD PERMIC LETTER VOOI|&amp;#x1035e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD PERMIC LETTER PEEI|&amp;#x1035f;}}
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1036x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD PERMIC LETTER REI|&amp;#x10360;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD PERMIC LETTER SII|&amp;#x10361;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD PERMIC LETTER TAI|&amp;#x10362;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD PERMIC LETTER U|&amp;#x10363;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD PERMIC LETTER CHERY|&amp;#x10364;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD PERMIC LETTER SHOOI|&amp;#x10365;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD PERMIC LETTER SHCHOOI|&amp;#x10366;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD PERMIC LETTER YRY|&amp;#x10367;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD PERMIC LETTER YERU|&amp;#x10368;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD PERMIC LETTER O|&amp;#x10369;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD PERMIC LETTER OO|&amp;#x1036a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD PERMIC LETTER EF|&amp;#x1036b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD PERMIC LETTER HA|&amp;#x1036c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD PERMIC LETTER TSIU|&amp;#x1036d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD PERMIC LETTER VER|&amp;#x1036e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD PERMIC LETTER YER|&amp;#x1036f;}}
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1037x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD PERMIC LETTER YERI|&amp;#x10370;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD PERMIC LETTER YAT|&amp;#x10371;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD PERMIC LETTER IE|&amp;#x10372;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD PERMIC LETTER YU|&amp;#x10373;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD PERMIC LETTER YA|&amp;#x10374;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD PERMIC LETTER IA|&amp;#x10375;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING OLD PERMIC LETTER AN|&amp;#x10376;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING OLD PERMIC LETTER DOI|&amp;#x10377;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING OLD PERMIC LETTER ZATA|&amp;#x10378;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING OLD PERMIC LETTER NENOE|&amp;#x10379;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING OLD PERMIC LETTER SII|&amp;#x1037a;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | '''Ugaritic'''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#92ff6c;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1038x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|UGARITIC LETTER ALPA|&amp;#x10380;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UGARITIC LETTER BETA|&amp;#x10381;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UGARITIC LETTER GAMLA|&amp;#x10382;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UGARITIC LETTER KHA|&amp;#x10383;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UGARITIC LETTER DELTA|&amp;#x10384;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UGARITIC LETTER HO|&amp;#x10385;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UGARITIC LETTER WO|&amp;#x10386;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UGARITIC LETTER ZETA|&amp;#x10387;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UGARITIC LETTER HOTA|&amp;#x10388;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UGARITIC LETTER TET|&amp;#x10389;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UGARITIC LETTER YOD|&amp;#x1038a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UGARITIC LETTER KAF|&amp;#x1038b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UGARITIC LETTER SHIN|&amp;#x1038c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UGARITIC LETTER LAMDA|&amp;#x1038d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UGARITIC LETTER MEM|&amp;#x1038e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UGARITIC LETTER DHAL|&amp;#x1038f;}}
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#92ff6c;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1039x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|UGARITIC LETTER NUN|&amp;#x10390;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UGARITIC LETTER ZU|&amp;#x10391;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UGARITIC LETTER SAMKA|&amp;#x10392;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UGARITIC LETTER AIN|&amp;#x10393;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UGARITIC LETTER PU|&amp;#x10394;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UGARITIC LETTER SADE|&amp;#x10395;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UGARITIC LETTER QOPA|&amp;#x10396;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UGARITIC LETTER RASHA|&amp;#x10397;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UGARITIC LETTER THANNA|&amp;#x10398;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UGARITIC LETTER GHAIN|&amp;#x10399;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UGARITIC LETTER TO|&amp;#x1039a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UGARITIC LETTER I|&amp;#x1039b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UGARITIC LETTER U|&amp;#x1039c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UGARITIC LETTER SSU|&amp;#x1039d;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|UGARITIC WORD DIVIDER|&amp;#x1039f;}}
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | '''Old Persian'''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#75ff6f;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|103Ax
|{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD PERSIAN SIGN A|&amp;#x103a0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD PERSIAN SIGN I|&amp;#x103a1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD PERSIAN SIGN U|&amp;#x103a2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD PERSIAN SIGN KA|&amp;#x103a3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD PERSIAN SIGN KU|&amp;#x103a4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD PERSIAN SIGN GA|&amp;#x103a5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD PERSIAN SIGN GU|&amp;#x103a6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD PERSIAN SIGN XA|&amp;#x103a7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD PERSIAN SIGN CA|&amp;#x103a8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD PERSIAN SIGN JA|&amp;#x103a9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD PERSIAN SIGN JI|&amp;#x103aa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD PERSIAN SIGN TA|&amp;#x103ab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD PERSIAN SIGN TU|&amp;#x103ac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD PERSIAN SIGN DA|&amp;#x103ad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD PERSIAN SIGN DI|&amp;#x103ae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD PERSIAN SIGN DU|&amp;#x103af;}}
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#75ff6f;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|103Bx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD PERSIAN SIGN THA|&amp;#x103b0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD PERSIAN SIGN PA|&amp;#x103b1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD PERSIAN SIGN BA|&amp;#x103b2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD PERSIAN SIGN FA|&amp;#x103b3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD PERSIAN SIGN NA|&amp;#x103b4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD PERSIAN SIGN NU|&amp;#x103b5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD PERSIAN SIGN MA|&amp;#x103b6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD PERSIAN SIGN MI|&amp;#x103b7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD PERSIAN SIGN MU|&amp;#x103b8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD PERSIAN SIGN YA|&amp;#x103b9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD PERSIAN SIGN VA|&amp;#x103ba;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD PERSIAN SIGN VI|&amp;#x103bb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD PERSIAN SIGN RA|&amp;#x103bc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD PERSIAN SIGN RU|&amp;#x103bd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD PERSIAN SIGN LA|&amp;#x103be;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD PERSIAN SIGN SA|&amp;#x103bf;}}
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#75ff6f;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|103Cx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD PERSIAN SIGN ZA|&amp;#x103c0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD PERSIAN SIGN SHA|&amp;#x103c1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD PERSIAN SIGN SSA|&amp;#x103c2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD PERSIAN SIGN HA|&amp;#x103c3;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD PERSIAN SIGN AURAMAZDAA|&amp;#x103c8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD PERSIAN SIGN AURAMAZDAA-2|&amp;#x103c9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD PERSIAN SIGN AURAMAZDAAHA|&amp;#x103ca;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD PERSIAN SIGN XSHAAYATHIYA|&amp;#x103cb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD PERSIAN SIGN DAHYAAUSH|&amp;#x103cc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD PERSIAN SIGN DAHYAAUSH-2|&amp;#x103cd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD PERSIAN SIGN BAGA|&amp;#x103ce;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD PERSIAN SIGN BUUMISH|&amp;#x103cf;}}
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|103Dx
|style=&quot;background:#75ff6f;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD PERSIAN WORD DIVIDER|&amp;#x103d0;}}||style=&quot;background:#75ff6f;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD PERSIAN NUMBER ONE|&amp;#x103d1;}}||style=&quot;background:#75ff6f;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD PERSIAN NUMBER TWO|&amp;#x103d2;}}||style=&quot;background:#75ff6f;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD PERSIAN NUMBER TEN|&amp;#x103d3;}}||style=&quot;background:#75ff6f;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD PERSIAN NUMBER TWENTY|&amp;#x103d4;}}||style=&quot;background:#75ff6f;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD PERSIAN NUMBER HUNDRED|&amp;#x103d5;}}||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | ''Shavian QuikScript''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|103Ex
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|103Fx
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | '''Deseret'''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#d0ff66;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1040x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|DESERET CAPITAL LETTER LONG I|&amp;#x10400;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DESERET CAPITAL LETTER LONG E|&amp;#x10401;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DESERET CAPITAL LETTER LONG A|&amp;#x10402;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DESERET CAPITAL LETTER LONG AH|&amp;#x10403;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DESERET CAPITAL LETTER LONG O|&amp;#x10404;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DESERET CAPITAL LETTER LONG OO|&amp;#x10405;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DESERET CAPITAL LETTER SHORT I|&amp;#x10406;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DESERET CAPITAL LETTER SHORT E|&amp;#x10407;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DESERET CAPITAL LETTER SHORT A|&amp;#x10408;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DESERET CAPITAL LETTER SHORT AH|&amp;#x10409;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DESERET CAPITAL LETTER SHORT O|&amp;#x1040a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DESERET CAPITAL LETTER SHORT OO|&amp;#x1040b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DESERET CAPITAL LETTER AY|&amp;#x1040c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DESERET CAPITAL LETTER OW|&amp;#x1040d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DESERET CAPITAL LETTER WU|&amp;#x1040e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DESERET CAPITAL LETTER YEE|&amp;#x1040f;}}
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#d0ff66;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1041x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|DESERET CAPITAL LETTER H|&amp;#x10410;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DESERET CAPITAL LETTER PEE|&amp;#x10411;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DESERET CAPITAL LETTER BEE|&amp;#x10412;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DESERET CAPITAL LETTER TEE|&amp;#x10413;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DESERET CAPITAL LETTER DEE|&amp;#x10414;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DESERET CAPITAL LETTER CHEE|&amp;#x10415;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DESERET CAPITAL LETTER JEE|&amp;#x10416;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DESERET CAPITAL LETTER KAY|&amp;#x10417;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DESERET CAPITAL LETTER GAY|&amp;#x10418;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DESERET CAPITAL LETTER EF|&amp;#x10419;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DESERET CAPITAL LETTER VEE|&amp;#x1041a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DESERET CAPITAL LETTER ETH|&amp;#x1041b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DESERET CAPITAL LETTER THEE|&amp;#x1041c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DESERET CAPITAL LETTER ES|&amp;#x1041d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DESERET CAPITAL LETTER ZEE|&amp;#x1041e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DESERET CAPITAL LETTER ESH|&amp;#x1041f;}}
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#d0ff66;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1042x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|DESERET CAPITAL LETTER ZHEE|&amp;#x10420;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DESERET CAPITAL LETTER ER|&amp;#x10421;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DESERET CAPITAL LETTER EL|&amp;#x10422;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DESERET CAPITAL LETTER EM|&amp;#x10423;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DESERET CAPITAL LETTER EN|&amp;#x10424;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DESERET CAPITAL LETTER ENG|&amp;#x10425;}}||style=&quot;background:#92ff6c;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|DESERET CAPITAL LETTER OI|&amp;#x10426;}}||style=&quot;background:#92ff6c;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|DESERET CAPITAL LETTER EW|&amp;#x10427;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DESERET SMALL LETTER LONG I|&amp;#x10428;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DESERET SMALL LETTER LONG E|&amp;#x10429;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DESERET SMALL LETTER LONG A|&amp;#x1042a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DESERET SMALL LETTER LONG AH|&amp;#x1042b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DESERET SMALL LETTER LONG O|&amp;#x1042c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DESERET SMALL LETTER LONG OO|&amp;#x1042d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DESERET SMALL LETTER SHORT I|&amp;#x1042e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DESERET SMALL LETTER SHORT E|&amp;#x1042f;}}
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#d0ff66;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1043x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|DESERET SMALL LETTER SHORT A|&amp;#x10430;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DESERET SMALL LETTER SHORT AH|&amp;#x10431;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DESERET SMALL LETTER SHORT O|&amp;#x10432;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DESERET SMALL LETTER SHORT OO|&amp;#x10433;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DESERET SMALL LETTER AY|&amp;#x10434;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DESERET SMALL LETTER OW|&amp;#x10435;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DESERET SMALL LETTER WU|&amp;#x10436;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DESERET SMALL LETTER YEE|&amp;#x10437;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DESERET SMALL LETTER H|&amp;#x10438;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DESERET SMALL LETTER PEE|&amp;#x10439;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DESERET SMALL LETTER BEE|&amp;#x1043a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DESERET SMALL LETTER TEE|&amp;#x1043b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DESERET SMALL LETTER DEE|&amp;#x1043c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DESERET SMALL LETTER CHEE|&amp;#x1043d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DESERET SMALL LETTER JEE|&amp;#x1043e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DESERET SMALL LETTER KAY|&amp;#x1043f;}}
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#d0ff66;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1044x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|DESERET SMALL LETTER GAY|&amp;#x10440;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DESERET SMALL LETTER EF|&amp;#x10441;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DESERET SMALL LETTER VEE|&amp;#x10442;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DESERET SMALL LETTER ETH|&amp;#x10443;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DESERET SMALL LETTER THEE|&amp;#x10444;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DESERET SMALL LETTER ES|&amp;#x10445;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DESERET SMALL LETTER ZEE|&amp;#x10446;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DESERET SMALL LETTER ESH|&amp;#x10447;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DESERET SMALL LETTER ZHEE|&amp;#x10448;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DESERET SMALL LETTER ER|&amp;#x10449;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DESERET SMALL LETTER EL|&amp;#x1044a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DESERET SMALL LETTER EM|&amp;#x1044b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DESERET SMALL LETTER EN|&amp;#x1044c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DESERET SMALL LETTER ENG|&amp;#x1044d;}}||style=&quot;background:#92ff6c;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|DESERET SMALL LETTER OI|&amp;#x1044e;}}||style=&quot;background:#92ff6c;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|DESERET SMALL LETTER EW|&amp;#x1044f;}}
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | '''Shavian'''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#92ff6c;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1045x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|SHAVIAN LETTER PEEP|&amp;#x10450;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHAVIAN LETTER TOT|&amp;#x10451;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHAVIAN LETTER KICK|&amp;#x10452;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHAVIAN LETTER FEE|&amp;#x10453;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHAVIAN LETTER THIGH|&amp;#x10454;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHAVIAN LETTER SO|&amp;#x10455;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHAVIAN LETTER SURE|&amp;#x10456;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHAVIAN LETTER CHURCH|&amp;#x10457;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHAVIAN LETTER YEA|&amp;#x10458;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHAVIAN LETTER HUNG|&amp;#x10459;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHAVIAN LETTER BIB|&amp;#x1045a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHAVIAN LETTER DEAD|&amp;#x1045b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHAVIAN LETTER GAG|&amp;#x1045c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHAVIAN LETTER VOW|&amp;#x1045d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHAVIAN LETTER THEY|&amp;#x1045e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHAVIAN LETTER ZOO|&amp;#x1045f;}}
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#92ff6c;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1046x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|SHAVIAN LETTER MEASURE|&amp;#x10460;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHAVIAN LETTER JUDGE|&amp;#x10461;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHAVIAN LETTER WOE|&amp;#x10462;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHAVIAN LETTER HA-HA|&amp;#x10463;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHAVIAN LETTER LOLL|&amp;#x10464;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHAVIAN LETTER MIME|&amp;#x10465;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHAVIAN LETTER IF|&amp;#x10466;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHAVIAN LETTER EGG|&amp;#x10467;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHAVIAN LETTER ASH|&amp;#x10468;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHAVIAN LETTER ADO|&amp;#x10469;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHAVIAN LETTER ON|&amp;#x1046a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHAVIAN LETTER WOOL|&amp;#x1046b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHAVIAN LETTER OUT|&amp;#x1046c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHAVIAN LETTER AH|&amp;#x1046d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHAVIAN LETTER ROAR|&amp;#x1046e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHAVIAN LETTER NUN|&amp;#x1046f;}}
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#92ff6c;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1047x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|SHAVIAN LETTER EAT|&amp;#x10470;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHAVIAN LETTER AGE|&amp;#x10471;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHAVIAN LETTER ICE|&amp;#x10472;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHAVIAN LETTER UP|&amp;#x10473;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHAVIAN LETTER OAK|&amp;#x10474;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHAVIAN LETTER OOZE|&amp;#x10475;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHAVIAN LETTER OIL|&amp;#x10476;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHAVIAN LETTER AWE|&amp;#x10477;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHAVIAN LETTER ARE|&amp;#x10478;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHAVIAN LETTER OR|&amp;#x10479;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHAVIAN LETTER AIR|&amp;#x1047a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHAVIAN LETTER ERR|&amp;#x1047b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHAVIAN LETTER ARRAY|&amp;#x1047c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHAVIAN LETTER EAR|&amp;#x1047d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHAVIAN LETTER IAN|&amp;#x1047e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHAVIAN LETTER YEW|&amp;#x1047f;}}
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | '''Osmanya'''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#92ff6c;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1048x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|OSMANYA LETTER ALEF|&amp;#x10480;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OSMANYA LETTER BA|&amp;#x10481;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OSMANYA LETTER TA|&amp;#x10482;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OSMANYA LETTER JA|&amp;#x10483;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OSMANYA LETTER XA|&amp;#x10484;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OSMANYA LETTER KHA|&amp;#x10485;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OSMANYA LETTER DEEL|&amp;#x10486;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OSMANYA LETTER RA|&amp;#x10487;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OSMANYA LETTER SA|&amp;#x10488;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OSMANYA LETTER SHIIN|&amp;#x10489;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OSMANYA LETTER DHA|&amp;#x1048a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OSMANYA LETTER CAYN|&amp;#x1048b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OSMANYA LETTER GA|&amp;#x1048c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OSMANYA LETTER FA|&amp;#x1048d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OSMANYA LETTER QAAF|&amp;#x1048e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OSMANYA LETTER KAAF|&amp;#x1048f;}}
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#92ff6c;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1049x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|OSMANYA LETTER LAAN|&amp;#x10490;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OSMANYA LETTER MIIN|&amp;#x10491;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OSMANYA LETTER NUUN|&amp;#x10492;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OSMANYA LETTER WAW|&amp;#x10493;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OSMANYA LETTER HA|&amp;#x10494;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OSMANYA LETTER YA|&amp;#x10495;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OSMANYA LETTER A|&amp;#x10496;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OSMANYA LETTER E|&amp;#x10497;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OSMANYA LETTER I|&amp;#x10498;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OSMANYA LETTER O|&amp;#x10499;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OSMANYA LETTER U|&amp;#x1049a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OSMANYA LETTER AA|&amp;#x1049b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OSMANYA LETTER EE|&amp;#x1049c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OSMANYA LETTER OO|&amp;#x1049d;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#92ff6c;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|104Ax
|{{H:title|dotted=no|OSMANYA DIGIT ZERO|&amp;#x104a0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OSMANYA DIGIT ONE|&amp;#x104a1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OSMANYA DIGIT TWO|&amp;#x104a2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OSMANYA DIGIT THREE|&amp;#x104a3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OSMANYA DIGIT FOUR|&amp;#x104a4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OSMANYA DIGIT FIVE|&amp;#x104a5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OSMANYA DIGIT SIX|&amp;#x104a6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OSMANYA DIGIT SEVEN|&amp;#x104a7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OSMANYA DIGIT EIGHT|&amp;#x104a8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OSMANYA DIGIT NINE|&amp;#x104a9;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | '''Osage'''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#9c8dff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|104Bx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|OSAGE CAPITAL LETTER A|&amp;#x104b0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OSAGE CAPITAL LETTER AI|&amp;#x104b1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OSAGE CAPITAL LETTER AIN|&amp;#x104b2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OSAGE CAPITAL LETTER AH|&amp;#x104b3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OSAGE CAPITAL LETTER BRA|&amp;#x104b4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OSAGE CAPITAL LETTER CHA|&amp;#x104b5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OSAGE CAPITAL LETTER EHCHA|&amp;#x104b6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OSAGE CAPITAL LETTER E|&amp;#x104b7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OSAGE CAPITAL LETTER EIN|&amp;#x104b8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OSAGE CAPITAL LETTER HA|&amp;#x104b9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OSAGE CAPITAL LETTER HYA|&amp;#x104ba;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OSAGE CAPITAL LETTER I|&amp;#x104bb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OSAGE CAPITAL LETTER KA|&amp;#x104bc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OSAGE CAPITAL LETTER EHKA|&amp;#x104bd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OSAGE CAPITAL LETTER KYA|&amp;#x104be;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OSAGE CAPITAL LETTER LA|&amp;#x104bf;}}
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#9c8dff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|104Cx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|OSAGE CAPITAL LETTER MA|&amp;#x104c0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OSAGE CAPITAL LETTER NA|&amp;#x104c1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OSAGE CAPITAL LETTER O|&amp;#x104c2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OSAGE CAPITAL LETTER OIN|&amp;#x104c3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OSAGE CAPITAL LETTER PA|&amp;#x104c4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OSAGE CAPITAL LETTER EHPA|&amp;#x104c5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OSAGE CAPITAL LETTER SA|&amp;#x104c6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OSAGE CAPITAL LETTER SHA|&amp;#x104c7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OSAGE CAPITAL LETTER TA|&amp;#x104c8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OSAGE CAPITAL LETTER EHTA|&amp;#x104c9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OSAGE CAPITAL LETTER TSA|&amp;#x104ca;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OSAGE CAPITAL LETTER EHTSA|&amp;#x104cb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OSAGE CAPITAL LETTER TSHA|&amp;#x104cc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OSAGE CAPITAL LETTER DHA|&amp;#x104cd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OSAGE CAPITAL LETTER U|&amp;#x104ce;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OSAGE CAPITAL LETTER WA|&amp;#x104cf;}}
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#9c8dff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|104Dx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|OSAGE CAPITAL LETTER KHA|&amp;#x104d0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OSAGE CAPITAL LETTER GHA|&amp;#x104d1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OSAGE CAPITAL LETTER ZA|&amp;#x104d2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OSAGE CAPITAL LETTER ZHA|&amp;#x104d3;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|OSAGE SMALL LETTER A|&amp;#x104d8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OSAGE SMALL LETTER AI|&amp;#x104d9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OSAGE SMALL LETTER AIN|&amp;#x104da;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OSAGE SMALL LETTER AH|&amp;#x104db;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OSAGE SMALL LETTER BRA|&amp;#x104dc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OSAGE SMALL LETTER CHA|&amp;#x104dd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OSAGE SMALL LETTER EHCHA|&amp;#x104de;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OSAGE SMALL LETTER E|&amp;#x104df;}}
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#9c8dff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|104Ex
|{{H:title|dotted=no|OSAGE SMALL LETTER EIN|&amp;#x104e0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OSAGE SMALL LETTER HA|&amp;#x104e1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OSAGE SMALL LETTER HYA|&amp;#x104e2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OSAGE SMALL LETTER I|&amp;#x104e3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OSAGE SMALL LETTER KA|&amp;#x104e4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OSAGE SMALL LETTER EHKA|&amp;#x104e5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OSAGE SMALL LETTER KYA|&amp;#x104e6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OSAGE SMALL LETTER LA|&amp;#x104e7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OSAGE SMALL LETTER MA|&amp;#x104e8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OSAGE SMALL LETTER NA|&amp;#x104e9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OSAGE SMALL LETTER O|&amp;#x104ea;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OSAGE SMALL LETTER OIN|&amp;#x104eb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OSAGE SMALL LETTER PA|&amp;#x104ec;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OSAGE SMALL LETTER EHPA|&amp;#x104ed;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OSAGE SMALL LETTER SA|&amp;#x104ee;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OSAGE SMALL LETTER SHA|&amp;#x104ef;}}
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#9c8dff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|104Fx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|OSAGE SMALL LETTER TA|&amp;#x104f0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OSAGE SMALL LETTER EHTA|&amp;#x104f1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OSAGE SMALL LETTER TSA|&amp;#x104f2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OSAGE SMALL LETTER EHTSA|&amp;#x104f3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OSAGE SMALL LETTER TSHA|&amp;#x104f4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OSAGE SMALL LETTER DHA|&amp;#x104f5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OSAGE SMALL LETTER U|&amp;#x104f6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OSAGE SMALL LETTER WA|&amp;#x104f7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OSAGE SMALL LETTER KHA|&amp;#x104f8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OSAGE SMALL LETTER GHA|&amp;#x104f9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OSAGE SMALL LETTER ZA|&amp;#x104fa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OSAGE SMALL LETTER ZHA|&amp;#x104fb;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | '''Elbasan'''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1050x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|ELBASAN LETTER A|&amp;#x10500;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ELBASAN LETTER BE|&amp;#x10501;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ELBASAN LETTER CE|&amp;#x10502;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ELBASAN LETTER CHE|&amp;#x10503;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ELBASAN LETTER DE|&amp;#x10504;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ELBASAN LETTER NDE|&amp;#x10505;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ELBASAN LETTER DHE|&amp;#x10506;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ELBASAN LETTER EI|&amp;#x10507;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ELBASAN LETTER E|&amp;#x10508;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ELBASAN LETTER FE|&amp;#x10509;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ELBASAN LETTER GE|&amp;#x1050a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ELBASAN LETTER GJE|&amp;#x1050b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ELBASAN LETTER HE|&amp;#x1050c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ELBASAN LETTER I|&amp;#x1050d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ELBASAN LETTER JE|&amp;#x1050e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ELBASAN LETTER KE|&amp;#x1050f;}}
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1051x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|ELBASAN LETTER LE|&amp;#x10510;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ELBASAN LETTER LLE|&amp;#x10511;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ELBASAN LETTER ME|&amp;#x10512;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ELBASAN LETTER NE|&amp;#x10513;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ELBASAN LETTER NA|&amp;#x10514;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ELBASAN LETTER NJE|&amp;#x10515;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ELBASAN LETTER O|&amp;#x10516;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ELBASAN LETTER PE|&amp;#x10517;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ELBASAN LETTER QE|&amp;#x10518;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ELBASAN LETTER RE|&amp;#x10519;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ELBASAN LETTER RRE|&amp;#x1051a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ELBASAN LETTER SE|&amp;#x1051b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ELBASAN LETTER SHE|&amp;#x1051c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ELBASAN LETTER TE|&amp;#x1051d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ELBASAN LETTER THE|&amp;#x1051e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ELBASAN LETTER U|&amp;#x1051f;}}
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1052x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|ELBASAN LETTER VE|&amp;#x10520;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ELBASAN LETTER XE|&amp;#x10521;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ELBASAN LETTER Y|&amp;#x10522;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ELBASAN LETTER ZE|&amp;#x10523;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ELBASAN LETTER ZHE|&amp;#x10524;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ELBASAN LETTER GHE|&amp;#x10525;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ELBASAN LETTER GHAMMA|&amp;#x10526;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ELBASAN LETTER KHE|&amp;#x10527;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | '''Caucasian Albanian'''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1053x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CAUCASIAN ALBANIAN LETTER ALT|&amp;#x10530;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CAUCASIAN ALBANIAN LETTER BET|&amp;#x10531;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CAUCASIAN ALBANIAN LETTER GIM|&amp;#x10532;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CAUCASIAN ALBANIAN LETTER DAT|&amp;#x10533;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CAUCASIAN ALBANIAN LETTER EB|&amp;#x10534;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CAUCASIAN ALBANIAN LETTER ZARL|&amp;#x10535;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CAUCASIAN ALBANIAN LETTER EYN|&amp;#x10536;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CAUCASIAN ALBANIAN LETTER ZHIL|&amp;#x10537;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CAUCASIAN ALBANIAN LETTER TAS|&amp;#x10538;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CAUCASIAN ALBANIAN LETTER CHA|&amp;#x10539;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CAUCASIAN ALBANIAN LETTER YOWD|&amp;#x1053a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CAUCASIAN ALBANIAN LETTER ZHA|&amp;#x1053b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CAUCASIAN ALBANIAN LETTER IRB|&amp;#x1053c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CAUCASIAN ALBANIAN LETTER SHA|&amp;#x1053d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CAUCASIAN ALBANIAN LETTER LAN|&amp;#x1053e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CAUCASIAN ALBANIAN LETTER INYA|&amp;#x1053f;}}
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1054x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CAUCASIAN ALBANIAN LETTER XEYN|&amp;#x10540;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CAUCASIAN ALBANIAN LETTER DYAN|&amp;#x10541;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CAUCASIAN ALBANIAN LETTER CAR|&amp;#x10542;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CAUCASIAN ALBANIAN LETTER JHOX|&amp;#x10543;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CAUCASIAN ALBANIAN LETTER KAR|&amp;#x10544;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CAUCASIAN ALBANIAN LETTER LYIT|&amp;#x10545;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CAUCASIAN ALBANIAN LETTER HEYT|&amp;#x10546;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CAUCASIAN ALBANIAN LETTER QAY|&amp;#x10547;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CAUCASIAN ALBANIAN LETTER AOR|&amp;#x10548;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CAUCASIAN ALBANIAN LETTER CHOY|&amp;#x10549;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CAUCASIAN ALBANIAN LETTER CHI|&amp;#x1054a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CAUCASIAN ALBANIAN LETTER CYAY|&amp;#x1054b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CAUCASIAN ALBANIAN LETTER MAQ|&amp;#x1054c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CAUCASIAN ALBANIAN LETTER QAR|&amp;#x1054d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CAUCASIAN ALBANIAN LETTER NOWC|&amp;#x1054e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CAUCASIAN ALBANIAN LETTER DZYAY|&amp;#x1054f;}}
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1055x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CAUCASIAN ALBANIAN LETTER SHAK|&amp;#x10550;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CAUCASIAN ALBANIAN LETTER JAYN|&amp;#x10551;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CAUCASIAN ALBANIAN LETTER ON|&amp;#x10552;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CAUCASIAN ALBANIAN LETTER TYAY|&amp;#x10553;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CAUCASIAN ALBANIAN LETTER FAM|&amp;#x10554;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CAUCASIAN ALBANIAN LETTER DZAY|&amp;#x10555;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CAUCASIAN ALBANIAN LETTER CHAT|&amp;#x10556;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CAUCASIAN ALBANIAN LETTER PEN|&amp;#x10557;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CAUCASIAN ALBANIAN LETTER GHEYS|&amp;#x10558;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CAUCASIAN ALBANIAN LETTER RAT|&amp;#x10559;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CAUCASIAN ALBANIAN LETTER SEYK|&amp;#x1055a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CAUCASIAN ALBANIAN LETTER VEYZ|&amp;#x1055b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CAUCASIAN ALBANIAN LETTER TIWR|&amp;#x1055c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CAUCASIAN ALBANIAN LETTER SHOY|&amp;#x1055d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CAUCASIAN ALBANIAN LETTER IWN|&amp;#x1055e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CAUCASIAN ALBANIAN LETTER CYAW|&amp;#x1055f;}}
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1056x
|style=&quot;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|CAUCASIAN ALBANIAN LETTER CAYN|&amp;#x10560;}}||style=&quot;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|CAUCASIAN ALBANIAN LETTER YAYD|&amp;#x10561;}}||style=&quot;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|CAUCASIAN ALBANIAN LETTER PIWR|&amp;#x10562;}}||style=&quot;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|CAUCASIAN ALBANIAN LETTER KIW|&amp;#x10563;}}||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|CAUCASIAN ALBANIAN CITATION MARK|&amp;#x1056f;}}
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | '''Vithkuqi'''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#ffc0e0;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1057x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|VITHKUQI CAPITAL LETTER A|&amp;#x10570;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VITHKUQI CAPITAL LETTER BBE|&amp;#x10571;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VITHKUQI CAPITAL LETTER BE|&amp;#x10572;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VITHKUQI CAPITAL LETTER CE|&amp;#x10573;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VITHKUQI CAPITAL LETTER CHE|&amp;#x10574;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VITHKUQI CAPITAL LETTER DE|&amp;#x10575;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VITHKUQI CAPITAL LETTER DHE|&amp;#x10576;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VITHKUQI CAPITAL LETTER EI|&amp;#x10577;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VITHKUQI CAPITAL LETTER E|&amp;#x10578;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VITHKUQI CAPITAL LETTER FE|&amp;#x10579;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VITHKUQI CAPITAL LETTER GA|&amp;#x1057a;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|VITHKUQI CAPITAL LETTER HA|&amp;#x1057c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VITHKUQI CAPITAL LETTER HHA|&amp;#x1057d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VITHKUQI CAPITAL LETTER I|&amp;#x1057e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VITHKUQI CAPITAL LETTER IJE|&amp;#x1057f;}}
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#ffc0e0;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1058x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|VITHKUQI CAPITAL LETTER JE|&amp;#x10580;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VITHKUQI CAPITAL LETTER KA|&amp;#x10581;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VITHKUQI CAPITAL LETTER LA|&amp;#x10582;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VITHKUQI CAPITAL LETTER LLA|&amp;#x10583;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VITHKUQI CAPITAL LETTER ME|&amp;#x10584;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VITHKUQI CAPITAL LETTER NE|&amp;#x10585;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VITHKUQI CAPITAL LETTER NJE|&amp;#x10586;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VITHKUQI CAPITAL LETTER O|&amp;#x10587;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VITHKUQI CAPITAL LETTER PE|&amp;#x10588;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VITHKUQI CAPITAL LETTER QA|&amp;#x10589;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VITHKUQI CAPITAL LETTER RE|&amp;#x1058a;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|VITHKUQI CAPITAL LETTER SE|&amp;#x1058c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VITHKUQI CAPITAL LETTER SHE|&amp;#x1058d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VITHKUQI CAPITAL LETTER TE|&amp;#x1058e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VITHKUQI CAPITAL LETTER THE|&amp;#x1058f;}}
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#ffc0e0;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1059x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|VITHKUQI CAPITAL LETTER U|&amp;#x10590;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VITHKUQI CAPITAL LETTER VE|&amp;#x10591;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VITHKUQI CAPITAL LETTER XE|&amp;#x10592;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|VITHKUQI CAPITAL LETTER YE|&amp;#x10594;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VITHKUQI CAPITAL LETTER ZE|&amp;#x10595;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|VITHKUQI SMALL LETTER A|&amp;#x10597;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VITHKUQI SMALL LETTER BBE|&amp;#x10598;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VITHKUQI SMALL LETTER BE|&amp;#x10599;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VITHKUQI SMALL LETTER CE|&amp;#x1059a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VITHKUQI SMALL LETTER CHE|&amp;#x1059b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VITHKUQI SMALL LETTER DE|&amp;#x1059c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VITHKUQI SMALL LETTER DHE|&amp;#x1059d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VITHKUQI SMALL LETTER EI|&amp;#x1059e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VITHKUQI SMALL LETTER E|&amp;#x1059f;}}
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#ffc0e0;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|105Ax
|{{H:title|dotted=no|VITHKUQI SMALL LETTER FE|&amp;#x105a0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VITHKUQI SMALL LETTER GA|&amp;#x105a1;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|VITHKUQI SMALL LETTER HA|&amp;#x105a3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VITHKUQI SMALL LETTER HHA|&amp;#x105a4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VITHKUQI SMALL LETTER I|&amp;#x105a5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VITHKUQI SMALL LETTER IJE|&amp;#x105a6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VITHKUQI SMALL LETTER JE|&amp;#x105a7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VITHKUQI SMALL LETTER KA|&amp;#x105a8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VITHKUQI SMALL LETTER LA|&amp;#x105a9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VITHKUQI SMALL LETTER LLA|&amp;#x105aa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VITHKUQI SMALL LETTER ME|&amp;#x105ab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VITHKUQI SMALL LETTER NE|&amp;#x105ac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VITHKUQI SMALL LETTER NJE|&amp;#x105ad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VITHKUQI SMALL LETTER O|&amp;#x105ae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VITHKUQI SMALL LETTER PE|&amp;#x105af;}}
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#ffc0e0;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|105Bx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|VITHKUQI SMALL LETTER QA|&amp;#x105b0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VITHKUQI SMALL LETTER RE|&amp;#x105b1;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|VITHKUQI SMALL LETTER SE|&amp;#x105b3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VITHKUQI SMALL LETTER SHE|&amp;#x105b4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VITHKUQI SMALL LETTER TE|&amp;#x105b5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VITHKUQI SMALL LETTER THE|&amp;#x105b6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VITHKUQI SMALL LETTER U|&amp;#x105b7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VITHKUQI SMALL LETTER VE|&amp;#x105b8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VITHKUQI SMALL LETTER XE|&amp;#x105b9;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|VITHKUQI SMALL LETTER Y|&amp;#x105bb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VITHKUQI SMALL LETTER ZE|&amp;#x105bc;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | '''Todhri'''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#edc3b4;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|105Cx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|TODHRI LETTER A|&amp;#x105c0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TODHRI LETTER AS|&amp;#x105c1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TODHRI LETTER BA|&amp;#x105c2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TODHRI LETTER MBA|&amp;#x105c3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TODHRI LETTER CA|&amp;#x105c4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TODHRI LETTER CHA|&amp;#x105c5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TODHRI LETTER DA|&amp;#x105c6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TODHRI LETTER NDA|&amp;#x105c7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TODHRI LETTER DHA|&amp;#x105c8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TODHRI LETTER EI|&amp;#x105c9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TODHRI LETTER E|&amp;#x105ca;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TODHRI LETTER FA|&amp;#x105cb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TODHRI LETTER GA|&amp;#x105cc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TODHRI LETTER NGA|&amp;#x105cd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TODHRI LETTER GJA|&amp;#x105ce;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TODHRI LETTER NGJA|&amp;#x105cb;}}
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#edc3b4;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|105Dx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|TODHRI LETTER HA|&amp;#x105d0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TODHRI LETTER HJA|&amp;#x105d1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TODHRI LETTER I|&amp;#x105d2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TODHRI LETTER JA|&amp;#x105d3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TODHRI LETTER KA|&amp;#x105d4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TODHRI LETTER LA|&amp;#x105d5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TODHRI LETTER LLA|&amp;#x105d6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TODHRI LETTER MA|&amp;#x105d7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TODHRI LETTER NA|&amp;#x105d8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TODHRI LETTER NJAN|&amp;#x105d9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TODHRI LETTER O|&amp;#x105da;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TODHRI LETTER PA|&amp;#x105db;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TODHRI LETTER QA|&amp;#x105dc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TODHRI LETTER RA|&amp;#x105dd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TODHRI LETTER RRA|&amp;#x105de;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TODHRI LETTER sA|&amp;#x105df;}}
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#edc3b4;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|105Ex
|{{H:title|dotted=no|TODHRI LETTER SHA|&amp;#x105e0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TODHRI LETTER SHTA|&amp;#x105e1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TODHRI LETTER TA|&amp;#x105e2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TODHRI LETTER THA|&amp;#x105e3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TODHRI LETTER U|&amp;#x105e4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TODHRI LETTER VA|&amp;#x105e5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TODHRI LETTER XA|&amp;#x105e6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TODHRI LETTER NXA|&amp;#x105e7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TODHRI LETTER XHA|&amp;#x105e8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TODHRI LETTER NXHA|&amp;#x105e9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TODHRI LETTER Y|&amp;#x105ea;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TODHRI LETTER JY|&amp;#x105eb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TODHRI LETTER ZA|&amp;#x105ec;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TODHRI LETTER ZHA|&amp;#x105ed;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TODHRI LETTER GHA|&amp;#x105ee;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TODHRI LETTER STA|&amp;#x105ef;}}
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#edc3b4;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|105Fx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|TODHRI LETTER SKAN|&amp;#x105f0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TODHRI LETTER KHA|&amp;#x105f1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TODHRI LETTER PSA|&amp;#x105f2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TODHRI LETTER OO|&amp;#x105f3;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | '''Linear A'''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1060x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN AB001|&amp;#x10600;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN AB002|&amp;#x10601;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN AB003|&amp;#x10602;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN AB004|&amp;#x10603;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN AB005|&amp;#x10604;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN AB006|&amp;#x10605;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN AB007|&amp;#x10606;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN AB008|&amp;#x10607;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN AB009|&amp;#x10608;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN AB010|&amp;#x10609;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN AB011|&amp;#x1060a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN AB013|&amp;#x1060b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN AB016|&amp;#x1060c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN AB017|&amp;#x1060d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN AB020|&amp;#x1060e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN AB021|&amp;#x1060f;}}
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1061x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN AB021F|&amp;#x10610;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN AB021M|&amp;#x10611;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN AB022|&amp;#x10612;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN AB022F|&amp;#x10613;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN AB022M|&amp;#x10614;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN AB023|&amp;#x10615;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN AB023M|&amp;#x10616;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN AB024|&amp;#x10617;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN AB026|&amp;#x10618;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN AB027|&amp;#x10619;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN AB028|&amp;#x1061a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A028B|&amp;#x1061b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN AB029|&amp;#x1061c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN AB030|&amp;#x1061d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN AB031|&amp;#x1061e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN AB034|&amp;#x1061f;}}
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1062x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN AB037|&amp;#x10620;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN AB038|&amp;#x10621;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN AB039|&amp;#x10622;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN AB040|&amp;#x10623;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN AB041|&amp;#x10624;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN AB044|&amp;#x10625;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN AB045|&amp;#x10626;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN AB046|&amp;#x10627;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN AB047|&amp;#x10628;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN AB048|&amp;#x10629;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN AB049|&amp;#x1062a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN AB050|&amp;#x1062b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN AB051|&amp;#x1062c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN AB053|&amp;#x1062d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN AB054|&amp;#x1062e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN AB055|&amp;#x1062f;}}
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1063x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN AB056|&amp;#x10630;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN AB057|&amp;#x10631;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN AB058|&amp;#x10632;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN AB059|&amp;#x10633;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN AB060|&amp;#x10634;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN AB061|&amp;#x10635;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN AB065|&amp;#x10636;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN AB066|&amp;#x10637;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN AB067|&amp;#x10638;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN AB069|&amp;#x10639;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN AB070|&amp;#x1063a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN AB073|&amp;#x1063b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN AB074|&amp;#x1063c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN AB076|&amp;#x1063d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN AB077|&amp;#x1063e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN AB078|&amp;#x1063f;}}
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1064x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN AB079|&amp;#x10640;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN AB080|&amp;#x10641;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN AB081|&amp;#x10642;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN AB082|&amp;#x10643;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN AB085|&amp;#x10644;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN AB086|&amp;#x10645;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN AB087|&amp;#x10646;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A100-102|&amp;#x10647;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN AB118|&amp;#x10648;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN AB120|&amp;#x10649;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A120B|&amp;#x1064a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN AB122|&amp;#x1064b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN AB123|&amp;#x1064c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN AB131A|&amp;#x1064d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN AB131B|&amp;#x1064e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A131C|&amp;#x1064f;}}
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1065x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN AB164|&amp;#x10650;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN AB171|&amp;#x10651;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN AB180|&amp;#x10652;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN AB188|&amp;#x10653;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN AB191|&amp;#x10654;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A301|&amp;#x10655;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A302|&amp;#x10656;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A303|&amp;#x10657;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A304|&amp;#x10658;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A305|&amp;#x10659;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A306|&amp;#x1065a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A307|&amp;#x1065b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A308|&amp;#x1065c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A309A|&amp;#x1065d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A309B|&amp;#x1065e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A309C|&amp;#x1065f;}}
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1066x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A310|&amp;#x10660;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A311|&amp;#x10661;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A312|&amp;#x10662;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A313A|&amp;#x10663;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A313B|&amp;#x10664;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A313C|&amp;#x10665;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A314|&amp;#x10666;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A315|&amp;#x10667;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A316|&amp;#x10668;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A317|&amp;#x10669;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A318|&amp;#x1066a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A319|&amp;#x1066b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A320|&amp;#x1066c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A321|&amp;#x1066d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A322|&amp;#x1066e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A323|&amp;#x1066f;}}
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1067x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A324|&amp;#x10670;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A325|&amp;#x10671;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A326|&amp;#x10672;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A327|&amp;#x10673;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A328|&amp;#x10674;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A329|&amp;#x10675;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A330|&amp;#x10676;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A331|&amp;#x10677;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A332|&amp;#x10678;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A333|&amp;#x10679;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A334|&amp;#x1067a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A335|&amp;#x1067b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A336|&amp;#x1067c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A337|&amp;#x1067d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A338|&amp;#x1067e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A339|&amp;#x1067f;}}
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1068x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A340|&amp;#x10680;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A341|&amp;#x10681;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A342|&amp;#x10682;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A343|&amp;#x10683;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A344|&amp;#x10684;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A345|&amp;#x10685;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A346|&amp;#x10686;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A347|&amp;#x10687;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A348|&amp;#x10688;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A349|&amp;#x10689;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A350|&amp;#x1068a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A351|&amp;#x1068b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A352|&amp;#x1068c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A353|&amp;#x1068d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A354|&amp;#x1068e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A355|&amp;#x1068f;}}
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1069x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A356|&amp;#x10690;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A357|&amp;#x10691;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A358|&amp;#x10692;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A359|&amp;#x10693;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A360|&amp;#x10694;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A361|&amp;#x10695;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A362|&amp;#x10696;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A363|&amp;#x10697;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A364|&amp;#x10698;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A365|&amp;#x10699;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A366|&amp;#x1069a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A367|&amp;#x1069b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A368|&amp;#x1069c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A369|&amp;#x1069d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A370|&amp;#x1069e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A371|&amp;#x1069f;}}
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|106Ax
|{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A400-VAS|&amp;#x106a0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A401-VAS|&amp;#x106a1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A402-VAS|&amp;#x106a2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A403-VAS|&amp;#x106a3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A404-VAS|&amp;#x106a4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A405-VAS|&amp;#x106a5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A406-VAS|&amp;#x106a6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A407-VAS|&amp;#x106a7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A408-VAS|&amp;#x106a8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A409-VAS|&amp;#x106a9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A410-VAS|&amp;#x106aa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A411-VAS|&amp;#x106ab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A412-VAS|&amp;#x106ac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A413-VAS|&amp;#x106ad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A414-VAS|&amp;#x106ae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A415-VAS|&amp;#x106af;}}
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|106Bx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A416-VAS|&amp;#x106b0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A417-VAS|&amp;#x106b1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A418-VAS|&amp;#x106b2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A501|&amp;#x106b3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A502|&amp;#x106b4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A503|&amp;#x106b5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A504|&amp;#x106b6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A505|&amp;#x106b7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A506|&amp;#x106b8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A508|&amp;#x106b9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A509|&amp;#x106ba;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A510|&amp;#x106bb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A511|&amp;#x106bc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A512|&amp;#x106bd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A513|&amp;#x106be;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A515|&amp;#x106bf;}}
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|106Cx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A516|&amp;#x106c0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A520|&amp;#x106c1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A521|&amp;#x106c2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A523|&amp;#x106c3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A524|&amp;#x106c4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A525|&amp;#x106c5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A526|&amp;#x106c6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A527|&amp;#x106c7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A528|&amp;#x106c8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A529|&amp;#x106c9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A530|&amp;#x106ca;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A531|&amp;#x106cb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A532|&amp;#x106cc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A534|&amp;#x106cd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A535|&amp;#x106ce;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A536|&amp;#x106cf;}}
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|106Dx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A537|&amp;#x106d0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A538|&amp;#x106d1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A539|&amp;#x106d2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A540|&amp;#x106d3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A541|&amp;#x106d4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A542|&amp;#x106d5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A545|&amp;#x106d6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A547|&amp;#x106d7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A548|&amp;#x106d8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A549|&amp;#x106d9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A550|&amp;#x106da;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A551|&amp;#x106db;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A552|&amp;#x106dc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A553|&amp;#x106dd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A554|&amp;#x106de;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A555|&amp;#x106df;}}
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|106Ex
|{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A556|&amp;#x106e0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A557|&amp;#x106e1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A559|&amp;#x106e2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A563|&amp;#x106e3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A564|&amp;#x106e4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A565|&amp;#x106e5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A566|&amp;#x106e6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A568|&amp;#x106e7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A569|&amp;#x106e8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A570|&amp;#x106e9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A571|&amp;#x106ea;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A572|&amp;#x106eb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A573|&amp;#x106ec;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A574|&amp;#x106ed;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A575|&amp;#x106ee;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A576|&amp;#x106ef;}}
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|106Fx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A577|&amp;#x106f0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A578|&amp;#x106f1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A579|&amp;#x106f2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A580|&amp;#x106f3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A581|&amp;#x106f4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A582|&amp;#x106f5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A583|&amp;#x106f6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A584|&amp;#x106f7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A585|&amp;#x106f8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A586|&amp;#x106f9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A587|&amp;#x106fa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A588|&amp;#x106fb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A589|&amp;#x106fc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A591|&amp;#x106fd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A592|&amp;#x106fe;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A594|&amp;#x106ff;}}
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1070x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A595|&amp;#x10700;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A596|&amp;#x10701;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A598|&amp;#x10702;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A600|&amp;#x10703;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A601|&amp;#x10704;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A602|&amp;#x10705;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A603|&amp;#x10706;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A604|&amp;#x10707;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A606|&amp;#x10708;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A608|&amp;#x10709;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A609|&amp;#x1070a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A610|&amp;#x1070b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A611|&amp;#x1070c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A612|&amp;#x1070d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A613|&amp;#x1070e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A614|&amp;#x1070f;}}
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1071x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A615|&amp;#x10710;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A616|&amp;#x10711;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A617|&amp;#x10712;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A618|&amp;#x10713;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A619|&amp;#x10714;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A620|&amp;#x10715;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A621|&amp;#x10716;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A622|&amp;#x10717;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A623|&amp;#x10718;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A624|&amp;#x10719;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A626|&amp;#x1071a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A627|&amp;#x1071b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A628|&amp;#x1071c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A629|&amp;#x1071d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A634|&amp;#x1071e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A637|&amp;#x1071f;}}
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1072x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A638|&amp;#x10720;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A640|&amp;#x10721;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A642|&amp;#x10722;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A643|&amp;#x10723;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A644|&amp;#x10724;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A645|&amp;#x10725;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A646|&amp;#x10726;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A648|&amp;#x10727;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A649|&amp;#x10728;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A651|&amp;#x10729;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A652|&amp;#x1072a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A653|&amp;#x1072b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A654|&amp;#x1072c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A655|&amp;#x1072d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A656|&amp;#x1072e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A657|&amp;#x1072f;}}
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1073x
|style=&quot;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A658|&amp;#x10730;}}||style=&quot;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A659|&amp;#x10731;}}||style=&quot;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A660|&amp;#x10732;}}||style=&quot;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A661|&amp;#x10733;}}||style=&quot;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A662|&amp;#x10734;}}||style=&quot;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A663|&amp;#x10735;}}||style=&quot;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A664|&amp;#x10736;}}||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1074x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A701 A|&amp;#x10740;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A702 B|&amp;#x10741;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A703 D|&amp;#x10742;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A704 E|&amp;#x10743;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A705 F|&amp;#x10744;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A706 H|&amp;#x10745;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A707 J|&amp;#x10746;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A708 K|&amp;#x10747;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A709 L|&amp;#x10748;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A709-2 L2|&amp;#x10749;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A709-3 L3|&amp;#x1074a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A709-4 L4|&amp;#x1074b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A709-6 L6|&amp;#x1074c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A710 W|&amp;#x1074d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A711 X|&amp;#x1074e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A712 Y|&amp;#x1074f;}}
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1075x
|style=&quot;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A713 OMEGA|&amp;#x10750;}}||style=&quot;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A714 ABB|&amp;#x10751;}}||style=&quot;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A715 BB|&amp;#x10752;}}||style=&quot;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A717 DD|&amp;#x10753;}}||style=&quot;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A726 EYYY|&amp;#x10754;}}||style=&quot;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A732 JE|&amp;#x10755;}}||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1076x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A800|&amp;#x10760;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A801|&amp;#x10761;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A802|&amp;#x10762;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A803|&amp;#x10763;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A804|&amp;#x10764;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A805|&amp;#x10765;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A806|&amp;#x10766;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINEAR A SIGN A807|&amp;#x10767;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1077x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | '''Latin Extended-F'''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#ffc0e0;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1078x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL CAPITAL AA|&amp;#x10780;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SUPERSCRIPT TRIANGULAR
COLON|&amp;#x10781;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SUPERSCRIPT HALF
TRIANGULAR COLON|&amp;#x10782;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL AE|&amp;#x10783;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL CAPITAL B|&amp;#x10784;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL B WITH HOOK|&amp;#x10785;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL DZ DIGRAPH|&amp;#x10787;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL DZ DIGRAPH WITH
RETROFLEX HOOK|&amp;#x10788;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL DZ DIGRAPH WITH
CURL|&amp;#x10789;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL DEZH DIGRAPH|&amp;#x1078a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER MODIFIER LETTER SMALL D WITH TAIL|&amp;#x1078b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL D WITH HOOK|&amp;#x1078c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL D WITH HOOK AND
TAIL|&amp;#x1078d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL REVERSED E|&amp;#x1078e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL CLOSED REVERSED
OPEN E|&amp;#x1078f;}}
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#ffc0e0;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1079x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL FENG DIGRAPH|&amp;#x10790;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL RAMS HORN|&amp;#x10791;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL CAPITAL G|&amp;#x10792;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL G WITH HOOK|&amp;#x10793;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL CAPITAL G WITH HOOK|&amp;#x10794;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL H WITH STROKE|&amp;#x10795;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL CAPITAL H|&amp;#x10796;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL HENG WITH HOOK|&amp;#x10797;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LETTER SMALL DOTLESS J WITH STROKE AND HOOK|&amp;#x10798;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL LS DIGRAPH|&amp;#x10799;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL LZ DIGRAPH|&amp;#x1079a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL L WITH BELT|&amp;#x1079b;}}&amp;nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL CAPITAL L WITH BELT|&amp;#x1079c;}}&amp;nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL L WITH RETROFLEX HOOK AND BELT|&amp;#x1079d;}}&amp;nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL LEZH|&amp;#x1079e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL LEZH WITH RETROFLEX HOOK|&amp;#x1079f;}}
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#ffc0e0;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|107Ax
|{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL TURNED Y|&amp;#x107a0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL LEZH|&amp;#x107a1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL TURNED Y WITH BELT|&amp;#x107a2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL CAPITAL OE|&amp;#x107a3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL CLOSED OMEGA|&amp;#x107a4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL Q|&amp;#x107a5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL TURNED R WITH LONG LEG|&amp;#x107a6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL TURNED R WITH LONG LEG AND RETROFLEX HOOK|&amp;#x107a7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL R WITH TAIL|&amp;#x107a8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL R WITH FISHHOOK|&amp;#x107a9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL CAPITAL R|&amp;#x107aa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL TC DIGRAPH WITH CURL|&amp;#x107ab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL TS DIGRAPH|&amp;#x107ac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL TS DIGRAPH WITH RETROFLEX HOOK|&amp;#x107ad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL TESH DIGRAPH|&amp;#x107ae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL T WITH RETROFLEX HOOK|&amp;#x107af;}}
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#ffc0e0;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|107Bx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL V WITH RIGHT HOOK|&amp;#x107b0;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL CAPITAL Y|&amp;#x107b2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER GLOTTAL STOP WITH STROKE|&amp;#x107b3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER REVERSED GLOTTAL STOP WITH STROKE|&amp;#x107b4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER BILABIAL CLICK|&amp;#x107b5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER DENTAL CLICK|&amp;#x107b6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER LATERAL CLICK|&amp;#x107b7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER ALVEOLAR CLICK|&amp;#x107b8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER RETROFLEX CLICK WITH RETROFLEX HOOK|&amp;#x107b9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL S WITH CURL|&amp;#x107ba;}}||style=&quot;background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL TURNED T|&amp;#x107bb;}}||style=&quot;background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL TURNED T|&amp;#x107bc;}}||style=&quot;background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER INVERTED GLOTTAL STOP|&amp;#x107bd;}}||style=&quot;background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER STRETCHED C|&amp;#x107be;}}||style=&quot;background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL ESH WITH DOUBLE BAR|&amp;#x107bf;}}
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | '''''Combining Diacritical Marks Extended-A'''''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|107Cx
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|107Dx
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|107Ex
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|107Fx
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | '''Cypriot Syllabary'''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#92ff6c;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1080x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CYPRIOT SYLLABLE A|&amp;#x10800;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYPRIOT SYLLABLE E|&amp;#x10801;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYPRIOT SYLLABLE I|&amp;#x10802;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYPRIOT SYLLABLE O|&amp;#x10803;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYPRIOT SYLLABLE U|&amp;#x10804;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYPRIOT SYLLABLE JA|&amp;#x10805;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYPRIOT SYLLABLE JO|&amp;#x10808;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYPRIOT SYLLABLE KA|&amp;#x1080a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYPRIOT SYLLABLE KE|&amp;#x1080b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYPRIOT SYLLABLE KI|&amp;#x1080c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYPRIOT SYLLABLE KO|&amp;#x1080d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYPRIOT SYLLABLE KU|&amp;#x1080e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYPRIOT SYLLABLE LA|&amp;#x1080f;}}
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#92ff6c;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1081x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CYPRIOT SYLLABLE LE|&amp;#x10810;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYPRIOT SYLLABLE LI|&amp;#x10811;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYPRIOT SYLLABLE LO|&amp;#x10812;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYPRIOT SYLLABLE LU|&amp;#x10813;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYPRIOT SYLLABLE MA|&amp;#x10814;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYPRIOT SYLLABLE ME|&amp;#x10815;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYPRIOT SYLLABLE MI|&amp;#x10816;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYPRIOT SYLLABLE MO|&amp;#x10817;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYPRIOT SYLLABLE MU|&amp;#x10818;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYPRIOT SYLLABLE NA|&amp;#x10819;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYPRIOT SYLLABLE NE|&amp;#x1081a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYPRIOT SYLLABLE NI|&amp;#x1081b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYPRIOT SYLLABLE NO|&amp;#x1081c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYPRIOT SYLLABLE NU|&amp;#x1081d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYPRIOT SYLLABLE PA|&amp;#x1081e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYPRIOT SYLLABLE PE|&amp;#x1081f;}}
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#92ff6c;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1082x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CYPRIOT SYLLABLE PI|&amp;#x10820;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYPRIOT SYLLABLE PO|&amp;#x10821;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYPRIOT SYLLABLE PU|&amp;#x10822;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYPRIOT SYLLABLE RA|&amp;#x10823;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYPRIOT SYLLABLE RE|&amp;#x10824;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYPRIOT SYLLABLE RI|&amp;#x10825;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYPRIOT SYLLABLE RO|&amp;#x10826;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYPRIOT SYLLABLE RU|&amp;#x10827;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYPRIOT SYLLABLE SA|&amp;#x10828;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYPRIOT SYLLABLE SE|&amp;#x10829;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYPRIOT SYLLABLE SI|&amp;#x1082a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYPRIOT SYLLABLE SO|&amp;#x1082b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYPRIOT SYLLABLE SU|&amp;#x1082c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYPRIOT SYLLABLE TA|&amp;#x1082d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYPRIOT SYLLABLE TE|&amp;#x1082e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYPRIOT SYLLABLE TI|&amp;#x1082f;}}
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#92ff6c;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1083x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CYPRIOT SYLLABLE TO|&amp;#x10830;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYPRIOT SYLLABLE TU|&amp;#x10831;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYPRIOT SYLLABLE WA|&amp;#x10832;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYPRIOT SYLLABLE WE|&amp;#x10833;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYPRIOT SYLLABLE WI|&amp;#x10834;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYPRIOT SYLLABLE WO|&amp;#x10835;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYPRIOT SYLLABLE XA|&amp;#x10837;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYPRIOT SYLLABLE XE|&amp;#x10838;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYPRIOT SYLLABLE ZA|&amp;#x1083c;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYPRIOT SYLLABLE ZO|&amp;#x1083f;}}
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | '''Imperial Aramaic'''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1084x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|IMPERIAL ARAMAIC LETTER ALEPH|&amp;#x10840;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IMPERIAL ARAMAIC LETTER BETH|&amp;#x10841;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IMPERIAL ARAMAIC LETTER GIMEL|&amp;#x10842;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IMPERIAL ARAMAIC LETTER DALETH|&amp;#x10843;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IMPERIAL ARAMAIC LETTER HE|&amp;#x10844;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IMPERIAL ARAMAIC LETTER WAW|&amp;#x10845;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IMPERIAL ARAMAIC LETTER ZAYIN|&amp;#x10846;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IMPERIAL ARAMAIC LETTER HETH|&amp;#x10847;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IMPERIAL ARAMAIC LETTER TETH|&amp;#x10848;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IMPERIAL ARAMAIC LETTER YODH|&amp;#x10849;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IMPERIAL ARAMAIC LETTER KAPH|&amp;#x1084a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IMPERIAL ARAMAIC LETTER LAMEDH|&amp;#x1084b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IMPERIAL ARAMAIC LETTER MEM|&amp;#x1084c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IMPERIAL ARAMAIC LETTER NUN|&amp;#x1084d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IMPERIAL ARAMAIC LETTER SAMEKH|&amp;#x1084e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IMPERIAL ARAMAIC LETTER AYIN|&amp;#x1084f;}}
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1085x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|IMPERIAL ARAMAIC LETTER PE|&amp;#x10850;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IMPERIAL ARAMAIC LETTER SADHE|&amp;#x10851;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IMPERIAL ARAMAIC LETTER QOPH|&amp;#x10852;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IMPERIAL ARAMAIC LETTER RESH|&amp;#x10853;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IMPERIAL ARAMAIC LETTER SHIN|&amp;#x10854;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IMPERIAL ARAMAIC LETTER TAW|&amp;#x10855;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|IMPERIAL ARAMAIC SECTION SIGN|&amp;#x10857;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IMPERIAL ARAMAIC NUMBER ONE|&amp;#x10858;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IMPERIAL ARAMAIC NUMBER TWO|&amp;#x10859;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IMPERIAL ARAMAIC NUMBER THREE|&amp;#x1085a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IMPERIAL ARAMAIC NUMBER TEN|&amp;#x1085b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IMPERIAL ARAMAIC NUMBER TWENTY|&amp;#x1085c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IMPERIAL ARAMAIC NUMBER ONE HUNDRED|&amp;#x1085d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IMPERIAL ARAMAIC NUMBER ONE THOUSAND|&amp;#x1085e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IMPERIAL ARAMAIC NUMBER TEN THOUSAND|&amp;#x1085f;}}
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | '''Palmyrene'''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1086x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|PALMYRENE LETTER ALEPH|&amp;#x10860;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PALMYRENE LETTER BETH|&amp;#x10861;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PALMYRENE LETTER GIMEL|&amp;#x10862;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PALMYRENE LETTER DALETH|&amp;#x10863;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PALMYRENE LETTER HE|&amp;#x10864;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PALMYRENE LETTER WAW|&amp;#x10865;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PALMYRENE LETTER ZAYIN|&amp;#x10866;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PALMYRENE LETTER HETH|&amp;#x10867;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PALMYRENE LETTER TETH|&amp;#x10868;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PALMYRENE LETTER YODH|&amp;#x10869;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PALMYRENE LETTER KAPH|&amp;#x1086a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PALMYRENE LETTER LAMEDH|&amp;#x1086b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PALMYRENE LETTER MEM|&amp;#x1086c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PALMYRENE LETTER FINAL NUN|&amp;#x1086d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PALMYRENE LETTER NUN|&amp;#x1086e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PALMYRENE LETTER SAMEKH|&amp;#x1086f;}}
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1087x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|PALMYRENE LETTER AYIN|&amp;#x10870;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PALMYRENE LETTER PE|&amp;#x10871;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PALMYRENE LETTER SADHE|&amp;#x10872;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PALMYRENE LETTER QOPH|&amp;#x10873;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PALMYRENE LETTER RESH|&amp;#x10874;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PALMYRENE LETTER SHIN|&amp;#x10875;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PALMYRENE LETTER TAW|&amp;#x10876;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PALMYRENE LEFT-POINTING FLEURON|&amp;#x10877;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PALMYRENE RIGHT-POINTING FLEURON|&amp;#x10878;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PALMYRENE NUMBER ONE|&amp;#x10879;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PALMYRENE NUMBER TWO|&amp;#x1087a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PALMYRENE NUMBER THREE|&amp;#x1087b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PALMYRENE NUMBER FOUR|&amp;#x1087c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PALMYRENE NUMBER FIVE|&amp;#x1087d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PALMYRENE NUMBER TEN|&amp;#x1087e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PALMYRENE NUMBER TWENTY|&amp;#x1087f;}}
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | '''Nabataean'''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1088x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|NABATAEAN LETTER FINAL ALEPH|&amp;#x10880;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NABATAEAN LETTER ALEPH|&amp;#x10881;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NABATAEAN LETTER FINAL BETH|&amp;#x10882;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NABATAEAN LETTER BETH|&amp;#x10883;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NABATAEAN LETTER GIMEL|&amp;#x10884;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NABATAEAN LETTER DALETH|&amp;#x10885;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NABATAEAN LETTER FINAL HE|&amp;#x10886;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NABATAEAN LETTER HE|&amp;#x10887;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NABATAEAN LETTER WAW|&amp;#x10888;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NABATAEAN LETTER ZAYIN|&amp;#x10889;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NABATAEAN LETTER HETH|&amp;#x1088a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NABATAEAN LETTER TETH|&amp;#x1088b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NABATAEAN LETTER FINAL YODH|&amp;#x1088c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NABATAEAN LETTER YODH|&amp;#x1088d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NABATAEAN LETTER FINAL KAPH|&amp;#x1088e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NABATAEAN LETTER KAPH|&amp;#x1088f;}}
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1089x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|NABATAEAN LETTER FINAL LAMEDH|&amp;#x10890;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NABATAEAN LETTER LAMEDH|&amp;#x10891;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NABATAEAN LETTER FINAL MEM|&amp;#x10892;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NABATAEAN LETTER MEM|&amp;#x10893;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NABATAEAN LETTER FINAL NUN|&amp;#x10894;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NABATAEAN LETTER NUN|&amp;#x10895;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NABATAEAN LETTER SAMEKH|&amp;#x10896;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NABATAEAN LETTER AYIN|&amp;#x10897;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NABATAEAN LETTER PE|&amp;#x10898;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NABATAEAN LETTER SADHE|&amp;#x10899;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NABATAEAN LETTER QOPH|&amp;#x1089a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NABATAEAN LETTER RESH|&amp;#x1089b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NABATAEAN LETTER FINAL SHIN|&amp;#x1089c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NABATAEAN LETTER SHIN|&amp;#x1089d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NABATAEAN LETTER TAW|&amp;#x1089e;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|108Ax
|style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|NABATAEAN NUMBER ONE|&amp;#x108a7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NABATAEAN NUMBER TWO|&amp;#x108a8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NABATAEAN NUMBER THREE|&amp;#x108a9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NABATAEAN NUMBER FOUR|&amp;#x108aa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NABATAEAN CRUCIFORM NUMBER FOUR|&amp;#x108ab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NABATAEAN NUMBER FIVE|&amp;#x108ac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NABATAEAN NUMBER TEN|&amp;#x108ad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NABATAEAN NUMBER TWENTY|&amp;#x108ae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NABATAEAN NUMBER ONE HUNDRED|&amp;#x108af;}}
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | '''''Proto-Sinatic'''''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|108Bx
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|108Cx
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|108Dx
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | '''Hatran'''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|108Ex
|{{H:title|dotted=no|HATRAN LETTER ALEPH|&amp;#x108e0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HATRAN LETTER BETH|&amp;#x108e1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HATRAN LETTER GIMEL|&amp;#x108e2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HATRAN LETTER DALETH-RESH|&amp;#x108e3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HATRAN LETTER HE|&amp;#x108e4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HATRAN LETTER WAW|&amp;#x108e5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HATRAN LETTER ZAYN|&amp;#x108e6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HATRAN LETTER HETH|&amp;#x108e7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HATRAN LETTER TETH|&amp;#x108e8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HATRAN LETTER YODH|&amp;#x108e9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HATRAN LETTER KAPH|&amp;#x108ea;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HATRAN LETTER LAMEDH|&amp;#x108eb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HATRAN LETTER MEM|&amp;#x108ec;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HATRAN LETTER NUN|&amp;#x108ed;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HATRAN LETTER SAMEKH|&amp;#x108ee;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HATRAN LETTER AYN|&amp;#x108ef;}}
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|108Fx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|HATRAN LETTER PE|&amp;#x108f0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HATRAN LETTER SADHE|&amp;#x108f1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HATRAN LETTER QOPH|&amp;#x108f2;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|HATRAN LETTER SHIN|&amp;#x108f4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HATRAN LETTER TAW|&amp;#x108f5;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|HATRAN NUMBER ONE|&amp;#x108fb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HATRAN NUMBER FIVE|&amp;#x108fc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HATRAN NUMBER TEN|&amp;#x108fd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HATRAN NUMBER TWENTY|&amp;#x108fe;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HATRAN NUMBER ONE HUNDRED|&amp;#x108ff;}}
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | '''Phoenician'''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#72ff8a;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1090x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|PHOENICIAN LETTER ALF|&amp;#x10900;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHOENICIAN LETTER BET|&amp;#x10901;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHOENICIAN LETTER GAML|&amp;#x10902;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHOENICIAN LETTER DELT|&amp;#x10903;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHOENICIAN LETTER HE|&amp;#x10904;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHOENICIAN LETTER WAU|&amp;#x10905;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHOENICIAN LETTER ZAI|&amp;#x10906;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHOENICIAN LETTER HET|&amp;#x10907;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHOENICIAN LETTER TET|&amp;#x10908;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHOENICIAN LETTER YOD|&amp;#x10909;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHOENICIAN LETTER KAF|&amp;#x1090a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHOENICIAN LETTER LAMD|&amp;#x1090b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHOENICIAN LETTER MEM|&amp;#x1090c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHOENICIAN LETTER NUN|&amp;#x1090d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHOENICIAN LETTER SEMK|&amp;#x1090e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHOENICIAN LETTER AIN|&amp;#x1090f;}}
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#72ff8a;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1091x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|PHOENICIAN LETTER PE|&amp;#x10910;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHOENICIAN LETTER SADE|&amp;#x10911;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHOENICIAN LETTER QOF|&amp;#x10912;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHOENICIAN LETTER ROSH|&amp;#x10913;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHOENICIAN LETTER SHIN|&amp;#x10914;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHOENICIAN LETTER TAU|&amp;#x10915;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHOENICIAN NUMBER ONE|&amp;#x10916;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHOENICIAN NUMBER TEN|&amp;#x10917;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHOENICIAN NUMBER TWENTY|&amp;#x10918;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHOENICIAN NUMBER ONE HUNDRED|&amp;#x10919;}}||style=&quot;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|PHOENICIAN NUMBER TWO|&amp;#x1091a;}}||style=&quot;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|PHOENICIAN NUMBER THREE|&amp;#x1091b;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHOENICIAN WORD SEPARATOR|&amp;#x1091f;}}
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | '''Lydian'''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#75ffab;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1092x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|LYDIAN LETTER A|&amp;#x10920;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LYDIAN LETTER B|&amp;#x10921;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LYDIAN LETTER G|&amp;#x10922;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LYDIAN LETTER D|&amp;#x10923;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LYDIAN LETTER E|&amp;#x10924;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LYDIAN LETTER V|&amp;#x10925;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LYDIAN LETTER I|&amp;#x10926;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LYDIAN LETTER Y|&amp;#x10927;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LYDIAN LETTER K|&amp;#x10928;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LYDIAN LETTER L|&amp;#x10929;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LYDIAN LETTER M|&amp;#x1092a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LYDIAN LETTER N|&amp;#x1092b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LYDIAN LETTER O|&amp;#x1092c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LYDIAN LETTER R|&amp;#x1092d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LYDIAN LETTER SS|&amp;#x1092e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LYDIAN LETTER T|&amp;#x1092f;}}
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#75ffab;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1093x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|LYDIAN LETTER U|&amp;#x10930;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LYDIAN LETTER F|&amp;#x10931;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LYDIAN LETTER Q|&amp;#x10932;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LYDIAN LETTER S|&amp;#x10933;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LYDIAN LETTER TT|&amp;#x10934;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LYDIAN LETTER AN|&amp;#x10935;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LYDIAN LETTER EN|&amp;#x10936;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LYDIAN LETTER LY|&amp;#x10937;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LYDIAN LETTER NN|&amp;#x10938;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LYDIAN LETTER C|&amp;#x10939;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|LYDIAN TRIANGULAR MARK|&amp;#x1093f;}}
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | '''Sidetic'''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1094x
|style=&quot;background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDETIC LETTER N01|&amp;#x10940;}}||style=&quot;background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDETIC LETTER N02|&amp;#x10941;}}||style=&quot;background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDETIC LETTER N03|&amp;#x10942;}}||style=&quot;background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDETIC LETTER N04|&amp;#x10943;}}||style=&quot;background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDETIC LETTER N05|&amp;#x10944;}}||style=&quot;background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDETIC LETTER N06|&amp;#x10945;}}||style=&quot;background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDETIC LETTER N07|&amp;#x10946;}}||style=&quot;background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDETIC LETTER N08|&amp;#x10947;}}||style=&quot;background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDETIC LETTER N09|&amp;#x10948;}}||style=&quot;background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDETIC LETTER N10|&amp;#x10949;}}||style=&quot;background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDETIC LETTER N11|&amp;#x1094a;}}||style=&quot;background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDETIC LETTER N12|&amp;#x1094b;}}||style=&quot;background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDETIC LETTER N13|&amp;#x1094c;}}||style=&quot;background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDETIC LETTER N14|&amp;#x1094d;}}||style=&quot;background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDETIC LETTER N15|&amp;#x1094e;}}||style=&quot;background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDETIC LETTER N16|&amp;#x1094f;}}
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1095x
|style=&quot;background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDETIC LETTER N17|&amp;#x10950;}}||style=&quot;background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDETIC LETTER N18|&amp;#x10951;}}||style=&quot;background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDETIC LETTER N19|&amp;#x10952;}}||style=&quot;background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDETIC LETTER N20|&amp;#x10953;}}||style=&quot;background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDETIC LETTER N21|&amp;#x10954;}}||style=&quot;background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDETIC LETTER N22|&amp;#x10955;}}||style=&quot;background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDETIC LETTER N23|&amp;#x10956;}}||style=&quot;background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDETIC LETTER N24|&amp;#x10957;}}||style=&quot;background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDETIC LETTER N25|&amp;#x10958;}}||style=&quot;background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDETIC LETTER N26|&amp;#x10959;}}||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | ''Numidian''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1096x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1097x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | '''Meroitic Hieroglyphs'''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#7ef9ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1098x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC HIEROGLYPHIC LETTER A|&amp;#x10980;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC HIEROGLYPHIC LETTER E|&amp;#x10981;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC HIEROGLYPHIC LETTER I|&amp;#x10982;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC HIEROGLYPHIC LETTER O|&amp;#x10983;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC HIEROGLYPHIC LETTER YA|&amp;#x10984;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC HIEROGLYPHIC LETTER WA|&amp;#x10985;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC HIEROGLYPHIC LETTER BA|&amp;#x10986;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC HIEROGLYPHIC LETTER BA-2|&amp;#x10987;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC HIEROGLYPHIC LETTER PA|&amp;#x10988;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC HIEROGLYPHIC LETTER MA|&amp;#x10989;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC HIEROGLYPHIC LETTER NA|&amp;#x1098a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC HIEROGLYPHIC LETTER NA-2|&amp;#x1098b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC HIEROGLYPHIC LETTER NE|&amp;#x1098c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC HIEROGLYPHIC LETTER NE-2|&amp;#x1098d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC HIEROGLYPHIC LETTER RA|&amp;#x1098e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC HIEROGLYPHIC LETTER RA-2|&amp;#x1098f;}}
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#7ef9ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1099x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC HIEROGLYPHIC LETTER LA|&amp;#x10990;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC HIEROGLYPHIC LETTER KHA|&amp;#x10991;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC HIEROGLYPHIC LETTER HHA|&amp;#x10992;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC HIEROGLYPHIC LETTER SA|&amp;#x10993;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC HIEROGLYPHIC LETTER SA-2|&amp;#x10994;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC HIEROGLYPHIC LETTER SE|&amp;#x10995;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC HIEROGLYPHIC LETTER KA|&amp;#x10996;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC HIEROGLYPHIC LETTER QA|&amp;#x10997;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC HIEROGLYPHIC LETTER TA|&amp;#x10998;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC HIEROGLYPHIC LETTER TA-2|&amp;#x10999;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC HIEROGLYPHIC LETTER TE|&amp;#x1099a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC HIEROGLYPHIC LETTER TE-2|&amp;#x1099b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC HIEROGLYPHIC LETTER TO|&amp;#x1099c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC HIEROGLYPHIC LETTER DA|&amp;#x1099d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC HIEROGLYPHIC SYMBOL VIDJ|&amp;#x1099e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC HIEROGLYPHIC SYMBOL VIDJ-2|&amp;#x1099f;}}
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | '''Meroitic Cursive'''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#7ef9ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|109Ax
|{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC CURSIVE LETTER A|&amp;#x109a0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC CURSIVE LETTER E|&amp;#x109a1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC CURSIVE LETTER I|&amp;#x109a2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC CURSIVE LETTER O|&amp;#x109a3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC CURSIVE LETTER YA|&amp;#x109a4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC CURSIVE LETTER WA|&amp;#x109a5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC CURSIVE LETTER BA|&amp;#x109a6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC CURSIVE LETTER PA|&amp;#x109a7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC CURSIVE LETTER MA|&amp;#x109a8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC CURSIVE LETTER NA|&amp;#x109a9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC CURSIVE LETTER NE|&amp;#x109aa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC CURSIVE LETTER RA|&amp;#x109ab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC CURSIVE LETTER LA|&amp;#x109ac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC CURSIVE LETTER KHA|&amp;#x109ad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC CURSIVE LETTER HHA|&amp;#x109ae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC CURSIVE LETTER SA|&amp;#x109af;}}
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#7ef9ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|109Bx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC CURSIVE LETTER ARCHAIC SA|&amp;#x109b0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC CURSIVE LETTER SE|&amp;#x109b1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC CURSIVE LETTER KA|&amp;#x109b2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC CURSIVE LETTER QA|&amp;#x109b3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC CURSIVE LETTER TA|&amp;#x109b4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC CURSIVE LETTER TE|&amp;#x109b5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC CURSIVE LETTER TO|&amp;#x109b6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC CURSIVE LETTER DA|&amp;#x109b7;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC CURSIVE FRACTION ELEVEN TWELFTHS|&amp;#x109bc;}}||style=&quot;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC CURSIVE FRACTION ONE HALF|&amp;#x109bd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC CURSIVE LOGOGRAM RMT|&amp;#x109be;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC CURSIVE LOGOGRAM IMN|&amp;#x109bf;}}
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|109Cx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC CURSIVE NUMBER ONE|&amp;#x109c0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC CURSIVE NUMBER TWO|&amp;#x109c1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC CURSIVE NUMBER THREE|&amp;#x109c2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC CURSIVE NUMBER FOUR|&amp;#x109c3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC CURSIVE NUMBER FIVE|&amp;#x109c4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC CURSIVE NUMBER SIX|&amp;#x109c5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC CURSIVE NUMBER SEVEN|&amp;#x109c6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC CURSIVE NUMBER EIGHT|&amp;#x109c7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC CURSIVE NUMBER NINE|&amp;#x109c8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC CURSIVE NUMBER TEN|&amp;#x109c9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC CURSIVE NUMBER TWENTY|&amp;#x109ca;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC CURSIVE NUMBER THIRTY|&amp;#x109cb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC CURSIVE NUMBER FORTY|&amp;#x109cc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC CURSIVE NUMBER FIFTY|&amp;#x109cd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC CURSIVE NUMBER SIXTY|&amp;#x109ce;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC CURSIVE NUMBER SEVENTY|&amp;#x109cf;}}
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|109Dx
|style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC CURSIVE NUMBER ONE HUNDRED|&amp;#x109d2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC CURSIVE NUMBER TWO HUNDRED|&amp;#x109d3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC CURSIVE NUMBER THREE HUNDRED|&amp;#x109d4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC CURSIVE NUMBER FOUR HUNDRED|&amp;#x109d5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC CURSIVE NUMBER FIVE HUNDRED|&amp;#x109d6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC CURSIVE NUMBER SIX HUNDRED|&amp;#x109d7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC CURSIVE NUMBER SEVEN HUNDRED|&amp;#x109d8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC CURSIVE NUMBER EIGHT HUNDRED|&amp;#x109d9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC CURSIVE NUMBER NINE HUNDRED|&amp;#x109da;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC CURSIVE NUMBER ONE THOUSAND|&amp;#x109db;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC CURSIVE NUMBER TWO THOUSAND|&amp;#x109dc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC CURSIVE NUMBER THREE THOUSAND|&amp;#x109dd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC CURSIVE NUMBER FOUR THOUSAND|&amp;#x109de;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC CURSIVE NUMBER FIVE THOUSAND|&amp;#x109df;}}
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|109Ex
|{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC CURSIVE NUMBER SIX THOUSAND|&amp;#x109e0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC CURSIVE NUMBER SEVEN THOUSAND|&amp;#x109e1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC CURSIVE NUMBER EIGHT THOUSAND|&amp;#x109e2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC CURSIVE NUMBER NINE THOUSAND|&amp;#x109e3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC CURSIVE NUMBER TEN THOUSAND|&amp;#x109e4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC CURSIVE NUMBER TWENTY THOUSAND|&amp;#x109e5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC CURSIVE NUMBER THIRTY THOUSAND|&amp;#x109e6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC CURSIVE NUMBER FORTY THOUSAND|&amp;#x109e7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC CURSIVE NUMBER FIFTY THOUSAND|&amp;#x109e8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC CURSIVE NUMBER SIXTY THOUSAND|&amp;#x109e9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC CURSIVE NUMBER SEVENTY THOUSAND|&amp;#x109ea;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC CURSIVE NUMBER EIGHTY THOUSAND|&amp;#x109eb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC CURSIVE NUMBER NINETY THOUSAND|&amp;#x109ec;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC CURSIVE NUMBER ONE HUNDRED THOUSAND|&amp;#x109ed;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC CURSIVE NUMBER TWO HUNDRED THOUSAND|&amp;#x109ee;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC CURSIVE NUMBER THREE HUNDRED THOUSAND|&amp;#x109ef;}}
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|109Fx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC CURSIVE NUMBER FOUR HUNDRED THOUSAND|&amp;#x109f0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC CURSIVE NUMBER FIVE HUNDRED THOUSAND|&amp;#x109f1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC CURSIVE NUMBER SIX HUNDRED THOUSAND|&amp;#x109f2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC CURSIVE NUMBER SEVEN HUNDRED THOUSAND|&amp;#x109f3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC CURSIVE NUMBER EIGHT HUNDRED THOUSAND|&amp;#x109f4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC CURSIVE NUMBER NINE HUNDRED THOUSAND|&amp;#x109f5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC CURSIVE FRACTION ONE TWELFTH|&amp;#x109f6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC CURSIVE FRACTION TWO TWELFTHS|&amp;#x109f7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC CURSIVE FRACTION THREE TWELFTHS|&amp;#x109f8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC CURSIVE FRACTION FOUR TWELFTHS|&amp;#x109f9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC CURSIVE FRACTION FIVE TWELFTHS|&amp;#x109fa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC CURSIVE FRACTION SIX TWELFTHS|&amp;#x109fb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC CURSIVE FRACTION SEVEN TWELFTHS|&amp;#x109fc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC CURSIVE FRACTION EIGHT TWELFTHS|&amp;#x109fd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC CURSIVE FRACTION NINE TWELFTHS|&amp;#x109fe;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEROITIC CURSIVE FRACTION TEN TWELFTHS|&amp;#x109ff;}}
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | '''Kharoshthi'''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#75ff6f;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|10A0x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|KHAROSHTHI LETTER A|&amp;#x10a00;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHAROSHTHI VOWEL SIGN I|&amp;#x10a01;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHAROSHTHI VOWEL SIGN U|&amp;#x10a02;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHAROSHTHI VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC R|&amp;#x10a03;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHAROSHTHI VOWEL SIGN E|&amp;#x10a05;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHAROSHTHI VOWEL SIGN O|&amp;#x10a06;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHAROSHTHI VOWEL LENGTH MARK|&amp;#x10a0c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHAROSHTHI SIGN DOUBLE RING BELOW|&amp;#x10a0d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHAROSHTHI SIGN ANUSVARA|&amp;#x10a0e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHAROSHTHI SIGN VISARGA|&amp;#x10a0f;}}
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#75ff6f;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|10A1x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|KHAROSHTHI LETTER KA|&amp;#x10a10;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHAROSHTHI LETTER KHA|&amp;#x10a11;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHAROSHTHI LETTER GA|&amp;#x10a12;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHAROSHTHI LETTER GHA|&amp;#x10a13;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHAROSHTHI LETTER CA|&amp;#x10a15;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHAROSHTHI LETTER CHA|&amp;#x10a16;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHAROSHTHI LETTER JA|&amp;#x10a17;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHAROSHTHI LETTER NYA|&amp;#x10a19;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHAROSHTHI LETTER TTA|&amp;#x10a1a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHAROSHTHI LETTER TTHA|&amp;#x10a1b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHAROSHTHI LETTER DDA|&amp;#x10a1c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHAROSHTHI LETTER DDHA|&amp;#x10a1d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHAROSHTHI LETTER NNA|&amp;#x10a1e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHAROSHTHI LETTER TA|&amp;#x10a1f;}}
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#75ff6f;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|10A2x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|KHAROSHTHI LETTER THA|&amp;#x10a20;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHAROSHTHI LETTER DA|&amp;#x10a21;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHAROSHTHI LETTER DHA|&amp;#x10a22;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHAROSHTHI LETTER NA|&amp;#x10a23;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHAROSHTHI LETTER PA|&amp;#x10a24;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHAROSHTHI LETTER PHA|&amp;#x10a25;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHAROSHTHI LETTER BA|&amp;#x10a26;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHAROSHTHI LETTER BHA|&amp;#x10a27;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHAROSHTHI LETTER MA|&amp;#x10a28;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHAROSHTHI LETTER YA|&amp;#x10a29;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHAROSHTHI LETTER RA|&amp;#x10a2a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHAROSHTHI LETTER LA|&amp;#x10a2b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHAROSHTHI LETTER VA|&amp;#x10a2c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHAROSHTHI LETTER SHA|&amp;#x10a2d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHAROSHTHI LETTER SSA|&amp;#x10a2e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHAROSHTHI LETTER SA|&amp;#x10a2f;}}
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#75ff6f;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|10A3x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|KHAROSHTHI LETTER ZA|&amp;#x10a30;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHAROSHTHI LETTER HA|&amp;#x10a31;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHAROSHTHI LETTER KKA|&amp;#x10a32;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHAROSHTHI LETTER TTTHA|&amp;#x10a33;}}||style=&quot;background:#d093ff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|KHAROSHTHI LETTER TTTA|&amp;#x10a34;}}||style=&quot;background:#d093ff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|KHAROSHTHI LETTER VHA|&amp;#x10a35;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHAROSHTHI SIGN BAR ABOVE|&amp;#x10a38;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHAROSHTHI SIGN CAUDA|&amp;#x10a39;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHAROSHTHI SIGN DOT BELOW|&amp;#x10a3a;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHAROSHTHI VIRAMA|&amp;nbsp;&amp;#x10a3f;}}
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#75ff6f;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|10A4x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|KHAROSHTHI DIGIT ONE|&amp;#x10a40;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHAROSHTHI DIGIT TWO|&amp;#x10a41;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHAROSHTHI DIGIT THREE|&amp;#x10a42;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHAROSHTHI DIGIT FOUR|&amp;#x10a43;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHAROSHTHI NUMBER TEN|&amp;#x10a44;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHAROSHTHI NUMBER TWENTY|&amp;#x10a45;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHAROSHTHI NUMBER ONE HUNDRED|&amp;#x10a46;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHAROSHTHI NUMBER ONE THOUSAND|&amp;#x10a47;}}||style=&quot;background:#d093ff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|KHAROSHTHI FRACTION ONE HALF|&amp;#x10a48;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#75ff6f;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|10A5x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|KHAROSHTHI PUNCTUATION DOT|&amp;#x10a50;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHAROSHTHI PUNCTUATION SMALL CIRCLE|&amp;#x10a51;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHAROSHTHI PUNCTUATION CIRCLE|&amp;#x10a52;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHAROSHTHI PUNCTUATION CRESCENT BAR|&amp;#x10a53;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHAROSHTHI PUNCTUATION MANGALAM|&amp;#x10a54;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHAROSHTHI PUNCTUATION LOTUS|&amp;#x10a55;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHAROSHTHI PUNCTUATION DANDA|&amp;#x10a56;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHAROSHTHI PUNCTUATION DOUBLE DANDA|&amp;#x10a57;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHAROSHTHI PUNCTUATION LINES|&amp;#x10a58;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | '''Old South Arabian'''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|10A6x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD SOUTH ARABIAN LETTER HE|&amp;#x10a60;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD SOUTH ARABIAN LETTER LAMEDH|&amp;#x10a61;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD SOUTH ARABIAN LETTER HETH|&amp;#x10a62;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD SOUTH ARABIAN LETTER MEM|&amp;#x10a63;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD SOUTH ARABIAN LETTER QOPH|&amp;#x10a64;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD SOUTH ARABIAN LETTER WAW|&amp;#x10a65;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD SOUTH ARABIAN LETTER SHIN|&amp;#x10a66;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD SOUTH ARABIAN LETTER RESH|&amp;#x10a67;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD SOUTH ARABIAN LETTER BETH|&amp;#x10a68;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD SOUTH ARABIAN LETTER TAW|&amp;#x10a69;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD SOUTH ARABIAN LETTER SAT|&amp;#x10a6a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD SOUTH ARABIAN LETTER KAPH|&amp;#x10a6b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD SOUTH ARABIAN LETTER NUN|&amp;#x10a6c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD SOUTH ARABIAN LETTER KHETH|&amp;#x10a6d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD SOUTH ARABIAN LETTER SADHE|&amp;#x10a6e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD SOUTH ARABIAN LETTER SAMEKH|&amp;#x10a6f;}}
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|10A7x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD SOUTH ARABIAN LETTER FE|&amp;#x10a70;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD SOUTH ARABIAN LETTER ALEF|&amp;#x10a71;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD SOUTH ARABIAN LETTER AYN|&amp;#x10a72;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD SOUTH ARABIAN LETTER DHADHE|&amp;#x10a73;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD SOUTH ARABIAN LETTER GIMEL|&amp;#x10a74;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD SOUTH ARABIAN LETTER DALETH|&amp;#x10a75;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD SOUTH ARABIAN LETTER GHAYN|&amp;#x10a76;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD SOUTH ARABIAN LETTER TETH|&amp;#x10a77;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD SOUTH ARABIAN LETTER ZAYN|&amp;#x10a78;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD SOUTH ARABIAN LETTER DHALETH|&amp;#x10a79;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD SOUTH ARABIAN LETTER YODH|&amp;#x10a7a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD SOUTH ARABIAN LETTER THAW|&amp;#x10a7b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD SOUTH ARABIAN LETTER THETH|&amp;#x10a7c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD SOUTH ARABIAN NUMBER ONE|&amp;#x10a7d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD SOUTH ARABIAN NUMBER FIFTY|&amp;#x10a7e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD SOUTH ARABIAN NUMERIC INDICATOR|&amp;#x10a7f;}}
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | '''Old North Arabian'''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|10A8x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD NORTH ARABIAN LETTER HEH|&amp;#x10a80;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD NORTH ARABIAN LETTER LAM|&amp;#x10a81;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD NORTH ARABIAN LETTER HAH|&amp;#x10a82;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD NORTH ARABIAN LETTER MEEM|&amp;#x10a83;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD NORTH ARABIAN LETTER QAF|&amp;#x10a84;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD NORTH ARABIAN LETTER WAW|&amp;#x10a85;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD NORTH ARABIAN LETTER ES-2|&amp;#x10a86;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD NORTH ARABIAN LETTER REH|&amp;#x10a87;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD NORTH ARABIAN LETTER BEH|&amp;#x10a88;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD NORTH ARABIAN LETTER TEH|&amp;#x10a89;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD NORTH ARABIAN LETTER ES-1|&amp;#x10a8a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD NORTH ARABIAN LETTER KAF|&amp;#x10a8b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD NORTH ARABIAN LETTER NOON|&amp;#x10a8c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD NORTH ARABIAN LETTER KHAH|&amp;#x10a8d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD NORTH ARABIAN LETTER SAD|&amp;#x10a8e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD NORTH ARABIAN LETTER ES-3|&amp;#x10a8f;}}
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|10A9x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD NORTH ARABIAN LETTER FEH|&amp;#x10a90;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD NORTH ARABIAN LETTER ALEF|&amp;#x10a91;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD NORTH ARABIAN LETTER AIN|&amp;#x10a92;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD NORTH ARABIAN LETTER DAD|&amp;#x10a93;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD NORTH ARABIAN LETTER GEEM|&amp;#x10a94;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD NORTH ARABIAN LETTER DAL|&amp;#x10a95;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD NORTH ARABIAN LETTER GHAIN|&amp;#x10a96;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD NORTH ARABIAN LETTER TAH|&amp;#x10a97;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD NORTH ARABIAN LETTER ZAIN|&amp;#x10a98;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD NORTH ARABIAN LETTER THAL|&amp;#x10a99;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD NORTH ARABIAN LETTER YEH|&amp;#x10a9a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD NORTH ARABIAN LETTER THEH|&amp;#x10a9b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD NORTH ARABIAN LETTER ZAH|&amp;#x10a9c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD NORTH ARABIAN NUMBER ONE|&amp;#x10a9d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD NORTH ARABIAN NUMBER TEN|&amp;#x10a9e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD NORTH ARABIAN NUMBER TWENTY|&amp;#x10a9f;}}
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | '''''Balti-A'''''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|10AAx
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|10ABx
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | '''Manichaean'''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|10ACx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|MANICHAEAN LETTER ALEPH|&amp;#x10ac0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MANICHAEAN LETTER BETH|&amp;#x10ac1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MANICHAEAN LETTER BHETH|&amp;#x10ac2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MANICHAEAN LETTER GIMEL|&amp;#x10ac3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MANICHAEAN LETTER GHIMEL|&amp;#x10ac4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MANICHAEAN LETTER DALETH|&amp;#x10ac5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MANICHAEAN LETTER HE|&amp;#x10ac6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MANICHAEAN LETTER WAW|&amp;#x10ac7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MANICHAEAN SIGN UD|&amp;#x10ac8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MANICHAEAN LETTER ZAYIN|&amp;#x10ac9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MANICHAEAN LETTER ZHAYIN|&amp;#x10aca;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MANICHAEAN LETTER JAYIN|&amp;#x10acb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MANICHAEAN LETTER JHAYIN|&amp;#x10acc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MANICHAEAN LETTER HETH|&amp;#x10acd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MANICHAEAN LETTER TETH|&amp;#x10ace;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MANICHAEAN LETTER YODH|&amp;#x10acf;}}
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|10ADx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|MANICHAEAN LETTER KAPH|&amp;#x10ad0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MANICHAEAN LETTER XAPH|&amp;#x10ad1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MANICHAEAN LETTER KHAPH|&amp;#x10ad2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MANICHAEAN LETTER LAMEDH|&amp;#x10ad3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MANICHAEAN LETTER DHAMEDH|&amp;#x10ad4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MANICHAEAN LETTER THAMEDH|&amp;#x10ad5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MANICHAEAN LETTER MEM|&amp;#x10ad6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MANICHAEAN LETTER NUN|&amp;#x10ad7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MANICHAEAN LETTER SAMEKH|&amp;#x10ad8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MANICHAEAN LETTER AYIN|&amp;#x10ad9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MANICHAEAN LETTER AAYIN|&amp;#x10ada;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MANICHAEAN LETTER PE|&amp;#x10adb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MANICHAEAN LETTER FE|&amp;#x10adc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MANICHAEAN LETTER SADHE|&amp;#x10add;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MANICHAEAN LETTER QOPH|&amp;#x10ade;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MANICHAEAN LETTER XOPH|&amp;#x10adf;}}
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|10AEx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|MANICHAEAN LETTER QHOPH|&amp;#x10ae0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MANICHAEAN LETTER RESH|&amp;#x10ae1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MANICHAEAN LETTER SHIN|&amp;#x10ae2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MANICHAEAN LETTER SSHIN|&amp;#x10ae3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MANICHAEAN LETTER TAW|&amp;#x10ae4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MANICHAEAN ABBREVIATION MARK ABOVE|&amp;#x10ae5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MANICHAEAN ABBREVIATION MARK BELOW|&amp;#x10ae6;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|MANICHAEAN NUMBER ONE|&amp;#x10aeb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MANICHAEAN NUMBER FIVE|&amp;#x10aec;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MANICHAEAN NUMBER TEN|&amp;#x10aed;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MANICHAEAN NUMBER TWENTY|&amp;#x10aee;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MANICHAEAN NUMBER ONE HUNDRED|&amp;#x10aef;}}
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|10AFx
|style=&quot;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|MANICHAEAN PUNCTUATION STAR|&amp;#x10af0;}}||style=&quot;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|MANICHAEAN PUNCTUATION FLEURON|&amp;#x10af1;}}||style=&quot;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|MANICHAEAN PUNCTUATION DOUBLE DOT WITHIN DOT|&amp;#x10af2;}}||style=&quot;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|MANICHAEAN PUNCTUATION DOT WITHIN DOT|&amp;#x10af3;}}||style=&quot;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|MANICHAEAN PUNCTUATION DOT|&amp;#x10af4;}}||style=&quot;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|MANICHAEAN PUNCTUATION TWO DOTS|&amp;#x10af5;}}||style=&quot;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|MANICHAEAN PUNCTUATION LINE FILLER|&amp;#x10af6;}}||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | '''Avestan'''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|10B0x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|AVESTAN LETTER A|&amp;#x10b00;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AVESTAN LETTER AA|&amp;#x10b01;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AVESTAN LETTER AO|&amp;#x10b02;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AVESTAN LETTER AAO|&amp;#x10b03;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AVESTAN LETTER AN|&amp;#x10b04;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AVESTAN LETTER AAN|&amp;#x10b05;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AVESTAN LETTER AE|&amp;#x10b06;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AVESTAN LETTER AEE|&amp;#x10b07;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AVESTAN LETTER E|&amp;#x10b08;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AVESTAN LETTER EE|&amp;#x10b09;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AVESTAN LETTER O|&amp;#x10b0a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AVESTAN LETTER OO|&amp;#x10b0b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AVESTAN LETTER I|&amp;#x10b0c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AVESTAN LETTER II|&amp;#x10b0d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AVESTAN LETTER U|&amp;#x10b0e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AVESTAN LETTER UU|&amp;#x10b0f;}}
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|10B1x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|AVESTAN LETTER KE|&amp;#x10b10;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AVESTAN LETTER XE|&amp;#x10b11;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AVESTAN LETTER XYE|&amp;#x10b12;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AVESTAN LETTER XVE|&amp;#x10b13;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AVESTAN LETTER GE|&amp;#x10b14;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AVESTAN LETTER GGE|&amp;#x10b15;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AVESTAN LETTER GHE|&amp;#x10b16;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AVESTAN LETTER CE|&amp;#x10b17;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AVESTAN LETTER JE|&amp;#x10b18;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AVESTAN LETTER TE|&amp;#x10b19;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AVESTAN LETTER THE|&amp;#x10b1a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AVESTAN LETTER DE|&amp;#x10b1b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AVESTAN LETTER DHE|&amp;#x10b1c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AVESTAN LETTER TTE|&amp;#x10b1d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AVESTAN LETTER PE|&amp;#x10b1e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AVESTAN LETTER FE|&amp;#x10b1f;}}
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|10B2x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|AVESTAN LETTER BE|&amp;#x10b20;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AVESTAN LETTER BHE|&amp;#x10b21;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AVESTAN LETTER NGE|&amp;#x10b22;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AVESTAN LETTER NGYE|&amp;#x10b23;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AVESTAN LETTER NGVE|&amp;#x10b24;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AVESTAN LETTER NE|&amp;#x10b25;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AVESTAN LETTER NYE|&amp;#x10b26;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AVESTAN LETTER NNE|&amp;#x10b27;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AVESTAN LETTER ME|&amp;#x10b28;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AVESTAN LETTER HME|&amp;#x10b29;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AVESTAN LETTER YYE|&amp;#x10b2a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AVESTAN LETTER YE|&amp;#x10b2b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AVESTAN LETTER VE|&amp;#x10b2c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AVESTAN LETTER RE|&amp;#x10b2d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AVESTAN LETTER LE|&amp;#x10b2e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AVESTAN LETTER SE|&amp;#x10b2f;}}
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|10B3x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|AVESTAN LETTER ZE|&amp;#x10b30;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AVESTAN LETTER SHE|&amp;#x10b31;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AVESTAN LETTER ZHE|&amp;#x10b32;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AVESTAN LETTER SHYE|&amp;#x10b33;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AVESTAN LETTER SSHE|&amp;#x10b34;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AVESTAN LETTER HE|&amp;#x10b35;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|AVESTAN ABBREVIATION MARK|&amp;#x10b39;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TINY TWO DOTS OVER ONE DOT PUNCTUATION|&amp;#x10b3a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SMALL TWO DOTS OVER ONE DOT PUNCTUATION|&amp;#x10b3b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LARGE TWO DOTS OVER ONE DOT PUNCTUATION|&amp;#x10b3c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LARGE ONE DOT OVER TWO DOTS PUNCTUATION|&amp;#x10b3d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LARGE TWO RINGS OVER ONE RING PUNCTUATION|&amp;#x10b3e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LARGE ONE RING OVER TWO RINGS PUNCTUATION|&amp;#x10b3f;}}
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | '''Inscriptional Parthian'''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|10B4x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|INSCRIPTIONAL PARTHIAN LETTER ALEPH|&amp;#x10b40;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INSCRIPTIONAL PARTHIAN LETTER BETH|&amp;#x10b41;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INSCRIPTIONAL PARTHIAN LETTER GIMEL|&amp;#x10b42;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INSCRIPTIONAL PARTHIAN LETTER DALETH|&amp;#x10b43;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INSCRIPTIONAL PARTHIAN LETTER HE|&amp;#x10b44;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INSCRIPTIONAL PARTHIAN LETTER WAW|&amp;#x10b45;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INSCRIPTIONAL PARTHIAN LETTER ZAYIN|&amp;#x10b46;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INSCRIPTIONAL PARTHIAN LETTER HETH|&amp;#x10b47;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INSCRIPTIONAL PARTHIAN LETTER TETH|&amp;#x10b48;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INSCRIPTIONAL PARTHIAN LETTER YODH|&amp;#x10b49;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INSCRIPTIONAL PARTHIAN LETTER KAPH|&amp;#x10b4a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INSCRIPTIONAL PARTHIAN LETTER LAMEDH|&amp;#x10b4b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INSCRIPTIONAL PARTHIAN LETTER MEM|&amp;#x10b4c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INSCRIPTIONAL PARTHIAN LETTER NUN|&amp;#x10b4d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INSCRIPTIONAL PARTHIAN LETTER SAMEKH|&amp;#x10b4e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INSCRIPTIONAL PARTHIAN LETTER AYIN|&amp;#x10b4f;}}
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|10B5x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|INSCRIPTIONAL PARTHIAN LETTER PE|&amp;#x10b50;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INSCRIPTIONAL PARTHIAN LETTER SADHE|&amp;#x10b51;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INSCRIPTIONAL PARTHIAN LETTER QOPH|&amp;#x10b52;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INSCRIPTIONAL PARTHIAN LETTER RESH|&amp;#x10b53;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INSCRIPTIONAL PARTHIAN LETTER SHIN|&amp;#x10b54;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INSCRIPTIONAL PARTHIAN LETTER TAW|&amp;#x10b55;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|INSCRIPTIONAL PARTHIAN NUMBER ONE|&amp;#x10b58;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INSCRIPTIONAL PARTHIAN NUMBER TWO|&amp;#x10b59;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INSCRIPTIONAL PARTHIAN NUMBER THREE|&amp;#x10b5a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INSCRIPTIONAL PARTHIAN NUMBER FOUR|&amp;#x10b5b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INSCRIPTIONAL PARTHIAN NUMBER TEN|&amp;#x10b5c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INSCRIPTIONAL PARTHIAN NUMBER TWENTY|&amp;#x10b5d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INSCRIPTIONAL PARTHIAN NUMBER ONE HUNDRED|&amp;#x10b5e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INSCRIPTIONAL PARTHIAN NUMBER ONE THOUSAND|&amp;#x10b5f;}}
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | '''Inscriptional Pahlavi'''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|10B6x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|INSCRIPTIONAL PAHLAVI LETTER ALEPH|&amp;#x10b60;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INSCRIPTIONAL PAHLAVI LETTER BETH|&amp;#x10b61;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INSCRIPTIONAL PAHLAVI LETTER GIMEL|&amp;#x10b62;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INSCRIPTIONAL PAHLAVI LETTER DALETH|&amp;#x10b63;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INSCRIPTIONAL PAHLAVI LETTER HE|&amp;#x10b64;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INSCRIPTIONAL PAHLAVI LETTER WAW-AYIN-RESH|&amp;#x10b65;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INSCRIPTIONAL PAHLAVI LETTER ZAYIN|&amp;#x10b66;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INSCRIPTIONAL PAHLAVI LETTER HETH|&amp;#x10b67;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INSCRIPTIONAL PAHLAVI LETTER TETH|&amp;#x10b68;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INSCRIPTIONAL PAHLAVI LETTER YODH|&amp;#x10b69;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INSCRIPTIONAL PAHLAVI LETTER KAPH|&amp;#x10b6a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INSCRIPTIONAL PAHLAVI LETTER LAMEDH|&amp;#x10b6b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INSCRIPTIONAL PAHLAVI LETTER MEM-QOPH|&amp;#x10b6c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INSCRIPTIONAL PAHLAVI LETTER NUN|&amp;#x10b6d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INSCRIPTIONAL PAHLAVI LETTER SAMEKH|&amp;#x10b6e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INSCRIPTIONAL PAHLAVI LETTER PE|&amp;#x10b6f;}}
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|10B7x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|INSCRIPTIONAL PAHLAVI LETTER SADHE|&amp;#x10b70;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INSCRIPTIONAL PAHLAVI LETTER SHIN|&amp;#x10b71;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INSCRIPTIONAL PAHLAVI LETTER TAW|&amp;#x10b72;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|INSCRIPTIONAL PAHLAVI NUMBER ONE|&amp;#x10b78;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INSCRIPTIONAL PAHLAVI NUMBER TWO|&amp;#x10b79;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INSCRIPTIONAL PAHLAVI NUMBER THREE|&amp;#x10b7a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INSCRIPTIONAL PAHLAVI NUMBER FOUR|&amp;#x10b7b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INSCRIPTIONAL PAHLAVI NUMBER TEN|&amp;#x10b7c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INSCRIPTIONAL PAHLAVI NUMBER TWENTY|&amp;#x10b7d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INSCRIPTIONAL PAHLAVI NUMBER ONE HUNDRED|&amp;#x10b7e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INSCRIPTIONAL PAHLAVI NUMBER ONE THOUSAND|&amp;#x10b7f;}}
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | '''Psalter Pahlavi'''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|10B8x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|PSALTER PAHLAVI LETTER ALEPH|&amp;#x10b80;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PSALTER PAHLAVI LETTER BETH|&amp;#x10b81;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PSALTER PAHLAVI LETTER GIMEL|&amp;#x10b82;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PSALTER PAHLAVI LETTER DALETH|&amp;#x10b83;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PSALTER PAHLAVI LETTER HE|&amp;#x10b84;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PSALTER PAHLAVI LETTER WAW-AYIN-RESH|&amp;#x10b85;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PSALTER PAHLAVI LETTER ZAYIN|&amp;#x10b86;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PSALTER PAHLAVI LETTER HETH|&amp;#x10b87;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PSALTER PAHLAVI LETTER YODH|&amp;#x10b88;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PSALTER PAHLAVI LETTER KAPH|&amp;#x10b89;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PSALTER PAHLAVI LETTER LAMEDH|&amp;#x10b8a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PSALTER PAHLAVI LETTER MEM-QOPH|&amp;#x10b8b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PSALTER PAHLAVI LETTER NUN|&amp;#x10b8c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PSALTER PAHLAVI LETTER SAMEKH|&amp;#x10b8d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PSALTER PAHLAVI LETTER PE|&amp;#x10b8e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PSALTER PAHLAVI LETTER SADHE|&amp;#x10b8f;}}
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|10B9x
|style=&quot;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|PSALTER PAHLAVI LETTER SHIN|&amp;#x10b90;}}||style=&quot;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|PSALTER PAHLAVI LETTER TAW|&amp;#x10b91;}}||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|PSALTER PAHLAVI SECTION MARK|&amp;#x10b99;}}||style=&quot;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|PSALTER PAHLAVI TURNED SECTION MARK|&amp;#x10b9a;}}||style=&quot;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|PSALTER PAHLAVI FOUR DOTS WITH CROSS|&amp;#x10b9b;}}||style=&quot;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|PSALTER PAHLAVI FOUR DOTS WITH DOT|&amp;#x10b9c;}}||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|10BAx
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|PSALTER PAHLAVI NUMBER ONE|&amp;#x10ba9;}}||style=&quot;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|PSALTER PAHLAVI NUMBER TWO|&amp;#x10baa;}}||style=&quot;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|PSALTER PAHLAVI NUMBER THREE|&amp;#x10bab;}}||style=&quot;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|PSALTER PAHLAVI NUMBER FOUR|&amp;#x10bac;}}||style=&quot;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|PSALTER PAHLAVI NUMBER TEN|&amp;#x10bad;}}||style=&quot;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|PSALTER PAHLAVI NUMBER TWENTY|&amp;#x10bae;}}||style=&quot;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|PSALTER PAHLAVI NUMBER ONE HUNDRED|&amp;#x10baf;}}
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | '''''Book Pahlavi'''''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|10BBx
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|10BCx
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|10BDx
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | '''''Baburi'''''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|10BEx
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|10BFx
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | '''Old Turkic'''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|10C0x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD TURKIC LETTER ORKHON A|&amp;#x10c00;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD TURKIC LETTER YENISEI A|&amp;#x10c01;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD TURKIC LETTER YENISEI AE|&amp;#x10c02;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD TURKIC LETTER ORKHON I|&amp;#x10c03;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD TURKIC LETTER YENISEI I|&amp;#x10c04;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD TURKIC LETTER YENISEI E|&amp;#x10c05;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD TURKIC LETTER ORKHON O|&amp;#x10c06;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD TURKIC LETTER ORKHON OE|&amp;#x10c07;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD TURKIC LETTER YENISEI OE|&amp;#x10c08;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD TURKIC LETTER ORKHON AB|&amp;#x10c09;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD TURKIC LETTER YENISEI AB|&amp;#x10c0a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD TURKIC LETTER ORKHON AEB|&amp;#x10c0b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD TURKIC LETTER YENISEI AEB|&amp;#x10c0c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD TURKIC LETTER ORKHON AG|&amp;#x10c0d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD TURKIC LETTER YENISEI AG|&amp;#x10c0e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD TURKIC LETTER ORKHON AEG|&amp;#x10c0f;}}
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|10C1x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD TURKIC LETTER YENISEI AEG|&amp;#x10c10;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD TURKIC LETTER ORKHON AD|&amp;#x10c11;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD TURKIC LETTER YENISEI AD|&amp;#x10c12;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD TURKIC LETTER ORKHON AED|&amp;#x10c13;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD TURKIC LETTER ORKHON EZ|&amp;#x10c14;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD TURKIC LETTER YENISEI EZ|&amp;#x10c15;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD TURKIC LETTER ORKHON AY|&amp;#x10c16;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD TURKIC LETTER YENISEI AY|&amp;#x10c17;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD TURKIC LETTER ORKHON AEY|&amp;#x10c18;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD TURKIC LETTER YENISEI AEY|&amp;#x10c19;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD TURKIC LETTER ORKHON AEK|&amp;#x10c1a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD TURKIC LETTER YENISEI AEK|&amp;#x10c1b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD TURKIC LETTER ORKHON OEK|&amp;#x10c1c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD TURKIC LETTER YENISEI OEK|&amp;#x10c1d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD TURKIC LETTER ORKHON AL|&amp;#x10c1e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD TURKIC LETTER YENISEI AL|&amp;#x10c1f;}}
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|10C2x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD TURKIC LETTER ORKHON AEL|&amp;#x10c20;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD TURKIC LETTER ORKHON ELT|&amp;#x10c21;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD TURKIC LETTER ORKHON EM|&amp;#x10c22;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD TURKIC LETTER ORKHON AN|&amp;#x10c23;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD TURKIC LETTER ORKHON AEN|&amp;#x10c24;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD TURKIC LETTER YENISEI AEN|&amp;#x10c25;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD TURKIC LETTER ORKHON ENT|&amp;#x10c26;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD TURKIC LETTER YENISEI ENT|&amp;#x10c27;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD TURKIC LETTER ORKHON ENC|&amp;#x10c28;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD TURKIC LETTER YENISEI ENC|&amp;#x10c29;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD TURKIC LETTER ORKHON ENY|&amp;#x10c2a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD TURKIC LETTER YENISEI ENY|&amp;#x10c2b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD TURKIC LETTER YENISEI ANG|&amp;#x10c2c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD TURKIC LETTER ORKHON ENG|&amp;#x10c2d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD TURKIC LETTER YENISEI AENG|&amp;#x10c2e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD TURKIC LETTER ORKHON EP|&amp;#x10c2f;}}
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|10C3x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD TURKIC LETTER ORKHON OP|&amp;#x10c30;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD TURKIC LETTER ORKHON IC|&amp;#x10c31;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD TURKIC LETTER ORKHON EC|&amp;#x10c32;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD TURKIC LETTER YENISEI EC|&amp;#x10c33;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD TURKIC LETTER ORKHON AQ|&amp;#x10c34;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD TURKIC LETTER YENISEI AQ|&amp;#x10c35;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD TURKIC LETTER ORKHON IQ|&amp;#x10c36;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD TURKIC LETTER YENISEI IQ|&amp;#x10c37;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD TURKIC LETTER ORKHON OQ|&amp;#x10c38;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD TURKIC LETTER YENISEI OQ|&amp;#x10c39;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD TURKIC LETTER ORKHON AR|&amp;#x10c3a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD TURKIC LETTER YENISEI AR|&amp;#x10c3b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD TURKIC LETTER ORKHON AER|&amp;#x10c3c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD TURKIC LETTER ORKHON AS|&amp;#x10c3d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD TURKIC LETTER ORKHON AES|&amp;#x10c3e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD TURKIC LETTER ORKHON ASH|&amp;#x10c3f;}}
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|10C4x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD TURKIC LETTER YENISEI ASH|&amp;#x10c40;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD TURKIC LETTER ORKHON ESH|&amp;#x10c41;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD TURKIC LETTER YENISEI ESH|&amp;#x10c42;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD TURKIC LETTER ORKHON AT|&amp;#x10c43;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD TURKIC LETTER YENISEI AT|&amp;#x10c44;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD TURKIC LETTER ORKHON AET|&amp;#x10c45;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD TURKIC LETTER YENISEI AET|&amp;#x10c46;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD TURKIC LETTER ORKHON OT|&amp;#x10c47;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD TURKIC LETTER ORKHON BASH|&amp;#x10c48;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | ''Unassigned''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|10C5x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|10C6x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|10C7x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | '''Old Hungarian'''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|10C8x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN CAPITAL LETTER A|&amp;#x10c80;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN CAPITAL LETTER AA|&amp;#x10c81;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN CAPITAL LETTER EB|&amp;#x10c82;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN CAPITAL LETTER AMB|&amp;#x10c83;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN CAPITAL LETTER EC|&amp;#x10c84;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN CAPITAL LETTER ENC|&amp;#x10c85;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN CAPITAL LETTER ECS|&amp;#x10c86;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN CAPITAL LETTER ED|&amp;#x10c87;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN CAPITAL LETTER AND|&amp;#x10c88;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN CAPITAL LETTER E|&amp;#x10c89;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN CAPITAL LETTER CLOSE E|&amp;#x10c8a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN CAPITAL LETTER EE|&amp;#x10c8b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN CAPITAL LETTER EF|&amp;#x10c8c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN CAPITAL LETTER EG|&amp;#x10c8d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN CAPITAL LETTER EGY|&amp;#x10c8e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN CAPITAL LETTER EH|&amp;#x10c8f;}}
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|10C9x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN CAPITAL LETTER I|&amp;#x10c90;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN CAPITAL LETTER II|&amp;#x10c91;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN CAPITAL LETTER EJ|&amp;#x10c92;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN CAPITAL LETTER EK|&amp;#x10c93;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN CAPITAL LETTER AK|&amp;#x10c94;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN CAPITAL LETTER UNK|&amp;#x10c95;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN CAPITAL LETTER EL|&amp;#x10c96;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN CAPITAL LETTER ELY|&amp;#x10c97;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN CAPITAL LETTER EM|&amp;#x10c98;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN CAPITAL LETTER EN|&amp;#x10c99;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN CAPITAL LETTER ENY|&amp;#x10c9a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN CAPITAL LETTER O|&amp;#x10c9b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN CAPITAL LETTER OO|&amp;#x10c9c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN CAPITAL LETTER NIKOLSBURG OE|&amp;#x10c9d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN CAPITAL LETTER RUDIMENTA OE|&amp;#x10c9e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN CAPITAL LETTER OEE|&amp;#x10c9f;}}
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|10CAx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN CAPITAL LETTER EP|&amp;#x10ca0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN CAPITAL LETTER EMP|&amp;#x10ca1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN CAPITAL LETTER ER|&amp;#x10ca2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN CAPITAL LETTER SHORT ER|&amp;#x10ca3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN CAPITAL LETTER ES|&amp;#x10ca4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN CAPITAL LETTER ESZ|&amp;#x10ca5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN CAPITAL LETTER ET|&amp;#x10ca6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN CAPITAL LETTER ENT|&amp;#x10ca7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN CAPITAL LETTER ETY|&amp;#x10ca8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN CAPITAL LETTER ECH|&amp;#x10ca9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN CAPITAL LETTER U|&amp;#x10caa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN CAPITAL LETTER UU|&amp;#x10cab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN CAPITAL LETTER NIKOLSBURG UE|&amp;#x10cac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN CAPITAL LETTER RUDIMENTA UE|&amp;#x10cad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN CAPITAL LETTER EV|&amp;#x10cae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN CAPITAL LETTER EZ|&amp;#x10caf;}}
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|10CBx
|style=&quot;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN CAPITAL LETTER EZS|&amp;#x10cb0;}}||style=&quot;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN CAPITAL LETTER ENT-SHAPED SIGN|&amp;#x10cb1;}}||style=&quot;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN CAPITAL LETTER US|&amp;#x10cb2;}}||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|10CCx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN SMALL LETTER A|&amp;#x10cc0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN SMALL LETTER AA|&amp;#x10cc1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN SMALL LETTER EB|&amp;#x10cc2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN SMALL LETTER AMB|&amp;#x10cc3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN SMALL LETTER EC|&amp;#x10cc4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN SMALL LETTER ENC|&amp;#x10cc5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN SMALL LETTER ECS|&amp;#x10cc6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN SMALL LETTER ED|&amp;#x10cc7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN SMALL LETTER AND|&amp;#x10cc8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN SMALL LETTER E|&amp;#x10cc9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN SMALL LETTER CLOSE E|&amp;#x10cca;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN SMALL LETTER EE|&amp;#x10ccb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN SMALL LETTER EF|&amp;#x10ccc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN SMALL LETTER EG|&amp;#x10ccd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN SMALL LETTER EGY|&amp;#x10cce;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN SMALL LETTER EH|&amp;#x10ccf;}}
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|10CDx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN SMALL LETTER I|&amp;#x10cd0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN SMALL LETTER II|&amp;#x10cd1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN SMALL LETTER EJ|&amp;#x10cd2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN SMALL LETTER EK|&amp;#x10cd3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN SMALL LETTER AK|&amp;#x10cd4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN SMALL LETTER UNK|&amp;#x10cd5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN SMALL LETTER EL|&amp;#x10cd6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN SMALL LETTER ELY|&amp;#x10cd7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN SMALL LETTER EM|&amp;#x10cd8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN SMALL LETTER EN|&amp;#x10cd9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN SMALL LETTER ENY|&amp;#x10cda;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN SMALL LETTER O|&amp;#x10cdb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN SMALL LETTER OO|&amp;#x10cdc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN SMALL LETTER NIKOLSBURG OE|&amp;#x10cdd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN SMALL LETTER RUDIMENTA OE|&amp;#x10cde;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN SMALL LETTER OEE|&amp;#x10cdf;}}
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|10CEx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN SMALL LETTER EP|&amp;#x10ce0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN SMALL LETTER EMP|&amp;#x10ce1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN SMALL LETTER ER|&amp;#x10ce2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN SMALL LETTER SHORT ER|&amp;#x10ce3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN SMALL LETTER ES|&amp;#x10ce4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN SMALL LETTER ESZ|&amp;#x10ce5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN SMALL LETTER ET|&amp;#x10ce6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN SMALL LETTER ENT|&amp;#x10ce7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN SMALL LETTER ETY|&amp;#x10ce8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN SMALL LETTER ECH|&amp;#x10ce9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN SMALL LETTER U|&amp;#x10cea;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN SMALL LETTER UU|&amp;#x10ceb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN SMALL LETTER NIKOLSBURG UE|&amp;#x10cec;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN SMALL LETTER RUDIMENTA UE|&amp;#x10ced;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN SMALL LETTER EV|&amp;#x10cee;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN SMALL LETTER EZ|&amp;#x10cef;}}
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|10CFx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN SMALL LETTER EZS|&amp;#x10cf0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN SMALL LETTER ENT-SHAPED SIGN|&amp;#x10cf1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN SMALL LETTER US|&amp;#x10cf2;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN NUMBER ONE|&amp;#x10cfa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN NUMBER FIVE|&amp;#x10cfb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN NUMBER TEN|&amp;#x10cfc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN NUMBER FIFTY|&amp;#x10cfd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN NUMBER ONE HUNDRED|&amp;#x10cfe;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD HUNGARIAN NUMBER ONE THOUSAND|&amp;#x10cff;}}
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | '''Hanifi Rohingya'''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#d093ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|10D0x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|HANIFI ROHINGYA LETTER A|&amp;#x10d00;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANIFI ROHINGYA LETTER BA|&amp;#x10d01;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANIFI ROHINGYA LETTER PA|&amp;#x10d02;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANIFI ROHINGYA LETTER TA|&amp;#x10d03;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANIFI ROHINGYA LETTER TTA|&amp;#x10d04;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANIFI ROHINGYA LETTER JA|&amp;#x10d05;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANIFI ROHINGYA LETTER CA|&amp;#x10d06;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANIFI ROHINGYA LETTER HA|&amp;#x10d07;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANIFI ROHINGYA LETTER KHA|&amp;#x10d08;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANIFI ROHINGYA LETTER FA|&amp;#x10d09;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANIFI ROHINGYA LETTER DA|&amp;#x10d0a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANIFI ROHINGYA LETTER DDA|&amp;#x10d0b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANIFI ROHINGYA LETTER RA|&amp;#x10d0c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANIFI ROHINGYA LETTER RRA|&amp;#x10d0d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANIFI ROHINGYA LETTER ZA|&amp;#x10d0e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANIFI ROHINGYA LETTER SA|&amp;#x10d0f;}}
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#d093ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|10D1x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|HANIFI ROHINGYA LETTER SHA|&amp;#x10d10;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANIFI ROHINGYA LETTER KA|&amp;#x10d11;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANIFI ROHINGYA LETTER GA|&amp;#x10d12;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANIFI ROHINGYA LETTER LA|&amp;#x10d13;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANIFI ROHINGYA LETTER MA|&amp;#x10d14;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANIFI ROHINGYA LETTER NA|&amp;#x10d15;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANIFI ROHINGYA LETTER WA|&amp;#x10d16;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANIFI ROHINGYA LETTER KINNA WA|&amp;#x10d17;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANIFI ROHINGYA LETTER YA|&amp;#x10d18;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANIFI ROHINGYA LETTER KINNA YA|&amp;#x10d19;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANIFI ROHINGYA LETTER NGA|&amp;#x10d1a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANIFI ROHINGYA LETTER NYA|&amp;#x10d1b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANIFI ROHINGYA LETTER VA|&amp;#x10d1c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANIFI ROHINGYA VOWEL A|&amp;#x10d1d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANIFI ROHINGYA VOWEL I|&amp;#x10d1e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANIFI ROHINGYA VOWEL U|&amp;#x10d1f;}}
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#d093ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|10D2x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|HANIFI ROHINGYA VOWEL E|&amp;#x10d20;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANIFI ROHINGYA VOWEL O|&amp;#x10d21;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANIFI ROHINGYA MARK SAKIN|&amp;#x10d22;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANIFI ROHINGYA MARK NA KHONNA|&amp;#x10d23;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANIFI ROHINGYA SIGN HARBAHAY|&amp;#x10d24;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANIFI ROHINGYA SIGN TAHALA|&amp;#x10d25;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANIFI ROHINGYA SIGN TANA|&amp;#x10d26;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANIFI ROHINGYA SIGN TASSI|&amp;#x10d27;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#d093ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|10D3x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|HANIFI ROHINGYA DIGIT ZERO|&amp;#x10d30;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANIFI ROHINGYA DIGIT ONE|&amp;#x10d31;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANIFI ROHINGYA DIGIT TWO|&amp;#x10d32;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANIFI ROHINGYA DIGIT THREE|&amp;#x10d33;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANIFI ROHINGYA DIGIT FOUR|&amp;#x10d34;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANIFI ROHINGYA DIGIT FIVE|&amp;#x10d35;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANIFI ROHINGYA DIGIT SIX|&amp;#x10d36;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANIFI ROHINGYA DIGIT SEVEN|&amp;#x10d37;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANIFI ROHINGYA DIGIT EIGHT|&amp;#x10d38;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANIFI ROHINGYA DIGIT NINE|&amp;#x10d39;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | '''Garay'''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#edc3b4;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|10D4x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|GARAY DIGIT ZERO|&amp;#x10d40;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GARAY DIGIT ONE|&amp;#x10d41;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GARAY DIGIT TWO|&amp;#x10d42;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GARAY DIGIT THREE|&amp;#x10d43;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GARAY DIGIT FOUR|&amp;#x10d44;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GARAY DIGIT FIVE|&amp;#x10d45;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GARAY DIGIT SIX|&amp;#x10d46;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GARAY DIGIT SEVEN|&amp;#x10d47;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GARAY DIGIT EIGHT|&amp;#x10d48;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GARAY DIGIT NINE|&amp;#x10d49;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GARAY VOWEL SIGN A|&amp;#x10d4a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GARAY VOWEL SIGN I|&amp;#x10d4b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GARAY VOWEL SIGN O|&amp;#x10d4c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GARAY VOWEL SIGN EE|&amp;#x10d4d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GARAY VOWEL LENGTH MARK|&amp;#x10d4e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GARAY SUKUN|&amp;#x10d4f;}}
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#edc3b4;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|10D5x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|GARAY CAPITAL LETTER A|&amp;#x10d50;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GARAY CAPITAL LETTER CA|&amp;#x10d51;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GARAY CAPITAL LETTER MA|&amp;#x10d52;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GARAY CAPITAL LETTER KA|&amp;#x10d53;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GARAY CAPITAL LETTER BA|&amp;#x10d54;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GARAY CAPITAL LETTER JA|&amp;#x10d55;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GARAY CAPITAL LETTER SA|&amp;#x10d56;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GARAY CAPITAL LETTER WA|&amp;#x10d57;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GARAY CAPITAL LETTER LA|&amp;#x10d58;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GARAY CAPITAL LETTER GA|&amp;#x10d59;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GARAY CAPITAL LETTER DA|&amp;#x10d5a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GARAY CAPITAL LETTER XA|&amp;#x10d5b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GARAY CAPITAL LETTER YA|&amp;#x10d5c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GARAY CAPITAL LETTER TA|&amp;#x10d5d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GARAY CAPITAL LETTER RA|&amp;#x10d5e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GARAY CAPITAL LETTER NYA|&amp;#x10d5f;}}
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#edc3b4;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|10D6x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|GARAY CAPITAL LETTER FA|&amp;#x10d60;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GARAY CAPITAL LETTER NA|&amp;#x10d61;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GARAY CAPITAL LETTER PA|&amp;#x10d62;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GARAY CAPITAL LETTER HA|&amp;#x10d63;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GARAY CAPITAL LETTER OLD KA|&amp;#x10d64;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GARAY CAPITAL LETTER OLD NA|&amp;#x10d65;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|GARAY VOWEL SIGN E|&amp;#x10d69;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GARAY CONSONANT GEMINATION MARK|&amp;#x10d6a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GARAY COMBINING DOT ABOVE|&amp;#x10d6b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GARAY COMBINING DOUBLE DOT ABOVE|&amp;#x10d6c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GARAY CONSONANT NASALIZATION MARK|&amp;#x10d6d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GARAY HYPHEN|&amp;#x10d6e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GARAY REDUPLICATION MARK|&amp;#x10d6f;}}
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#edc3b4;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|10D7x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|GARAY SMALL LETTER A|&amp;#x10d70;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GARAY SMALL LETTER CA|&amp;#x10d71;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GARAY SMALL LETTER MA|&amp;#x10d72;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GARAY SMALL LETTER KA|&amp;#x10d73;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GARAY SMALL LETTER BA|&amp;#x10d74;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GARAY SMALL LETTER JA|&amp;#x10d75;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GARAY SMALL LETTER SA|&amp;#x10d76;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GARAY SMALL LETTER WA|&amp;#x10d77;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GARAY SMALL LETTER LA|&amp;#x10d78;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GARAY SMALL LETTER GA|&amp;#x10d79;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GARAY SMALL LETTER DA|&amp;#x10d7a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GARAY SMALL LETTER XA|&amp;#x10d7b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GARAY SMALL LETTER YA|&amp;#x10d7c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GARAY SMALL LETTER TA|&amp;#x10d7d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GARAY SMALL LETTER RA|&amp;#x10d7e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GARAY SMALL LETTER NYA|&amp;#x10d7f;}}
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#edc3b4;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|10D8x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|GARAY SMALL LETTER FA|&amp;#x10d80;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GARAY SMALL LETTER NA|&amp;#x10d81;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GARAY SMALL LETTER PA|&amp;#x10d82;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GARAY SMALL LETTER HA|&amp;#x10d83;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GARAY SMALL LETTER OLD KA|&amp;#x10d84;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GARAY SMALL LETTER OLD NA|&amp;#x10d85;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|GARAY PLUS SIGN|&amp;#x10d8e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GARAY MINUS SIGN|&amp;#x10d8f;}}
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | '''Arabic Extended-D'''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|10D9x
|style=&quot;{{ProvUntargeted}};{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER ALEF WITH INVERTED V|&amp;#x10d90;}}||style=&quot;{{ProvUntargeted}};{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER KEHEH WITH INVERTED V|&amp;#x10d91;}}||style=&quot;{{ProvUntargeted}};{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER LAM WITH INVERTED V|&amp;#x10d92;}}|||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|10DAx
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|10DBx
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|10DCx
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|10DDx
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|10DEx
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|10DFx
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|10E0x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|10E1x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|10E2x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|10E3x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|10E4x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|10E5x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | '''Rumi Numeral Symbols'''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|10E6x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|RUMI DIGIT ONE|&amp;#x10e60;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RUMI DIGIT TWO|&amp;#x10e61;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RUMI DIGIT THREE|&amp;#x10e62;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RUMI DIGIT FOUR|&amp;#x10e63;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RUMI DIGIT FIVE|&amp;#x10e64;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RUMI DIGIT SIX|&amp;#x10e65;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RUMI DIGIT SEVEN|&amp;#x10e66;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RUMI DIGIT EIGHT|&amp;#x10e67;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RUMI DIGIT NINE|&amp;#x10e68;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RUMI NUMBER TEN|&amp;#x10e69;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RUMI NUMBER TWENTY|&amp;#x10e6a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RUMI NUMBER THIRTY|&amp;#x10e6b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RUMI NUMBER FORTY|&amp;#x10e6c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RUMI NUMBER FIFTY|&amp;#x10e6d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RUMI NUMBER SIXTY|&amp;#x10e6e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RUMI NUMBER SEVENTY|&amp;#x10e6f;}}
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|10E7x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|RUMI NUMBER EIGHTY|&amp;#x10e70;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RUMI NUMBER NINETY|&amp;#x10e71;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RUMI NUMBER ONE HUNDRED|&amp;#x10e72;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RUMI NUMBER TWO HUNDRED|&amp;#x10e73;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RUMI NUMBER THREE HUNDRED|&amp;#x10e74;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RUMI NUMBER FOUR HUNDRED|&amp;#x10e75;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RUMI NUMBER FIVE HUNDRED|&amp;#x10e76;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RUMI NUMBER SIX HUNDRED|&amp;#x10e77;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RUMI NUMBER SEVEN HUNDRED|&amp;#x10e78;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RUMI NUMBER EIGHT HUNDRED|&amp;#x10e79;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RUMI NUMBER NINE HUNDRED|&amp;#x10e7a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RUMI FRACTION ONE HALF|&amp;#x10e7b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RUMI FRACTION ONE QUARTER|&amp;#x10e7c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RUMI FRACTION ONE THIRD|&amp;#x10e7d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RUMI FRACTION TWO THIRDS|&amp;#x10e7e;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | '''Yezidi'''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center; background:#ffb0ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|10E8x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|YEZIDI LETTER ELIF|&amp;#x10e80;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YEZIDI LETTER BE|&amp;#x10e81;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YEZIDI LETTER PE|&amp;#x10e82;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YEZIDI LETTER PHE|&amp;#x10e83;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YEZIDI LETTER THE|&amp;#x10e84;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YEZIDI LETTER SE|&amp;#x10e85;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YEZIDI LETTER CIM|&amp;#x10e86;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YEZIDI LETTER CHIM|&amp;#x10e87;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YEZIDI LETTER CHHIM|&amp;#x10e88;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YEZIDI LETTER HHA|&amp;#x10e89;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YEZIDI LETTER XA|&amp;#x10e8a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YEZIDI LETTER DAL|&amp;#x10e8b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YEZIDI LETTER ZAL|&amp;#x10e8c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YEZIDI LETTER RA|&amp;#x10e8d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YEZIDI LETTER RHA|&amp;#x10e8e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YEZIDI LETTER ZA|&amp;#x10e8f;}}
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#ffb0ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|10E9x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|YEZIDI LETTER JA|&amp;#x10e90;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YEZIDI LETTER SIN|&amp;#x10e91;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YEZIDI LETTER SHIN|&amp;#x10e92;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YEZIDI LETTER SAD|&amp;#x10e93;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YEZIDI LETTER DAD|&amp;#x10e94;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YEZIDI LETTER TA|&amp;#x10e95;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YEZIDI LETTER ZE|&amp;#x10e96;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YEZIDI LETTER EYN|&amp;#x10e97;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YEZIDI LETTER XHEYN|&amp;#x10e98;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YEZIDI LETTER FA|&amp;#x10e99;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YEZIDI LETTER VA|&amp;#x10e9a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YEZIDI LETTER VA ALTERNATE FORM|&amp;#x10e9b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YEZIDI LETTER QAF|&amp;#x10e9c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YEZIDI LETTER KAF|&amp;#x10e9d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YEZIDI LETTER KHAF|&amp;#x10e9e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YEZIDI LETTER GAF|&amp;#x10e9f;}}
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#ffb0ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|10EAx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|YEZIDI LETTER LAM|&amp;#x10ea0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YEZIDI LETTER MIM|&amp;#x10ea1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YEZIDI LETTER NUN|&amp;#x10ea2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YEZIDI LETTER UM|&amp;#x10ea3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YEZIDI LETTER WAW|&amp;#x10ea4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YEZIDI LETTER OW|&amp;#x10ea5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YEZIDI LETTER EW|&amp;#x10ea6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YEZIDI LETTER HAY|&amp;#x10ea7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YEZIDI LETTER YOT|&amp;#x10ea8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YEZIDI LETTER ET|&amp;#x10ea9;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|YEZIDI COMBINING HAMZA MARK|&amp;#x10eab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YEZIDI COMBINING MADDA MARK|&amp;#x10eac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YEZIDI HYPHENATION MARK|&amp;#x10ead;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|10EBx
|style=&quot;background:#ffb0ff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|YEZIDI LETTER LAM WITH DOT ABOVE|&amp;#x10eb0;}}||style=&quot;background:#ffb0ff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|YEZIDI LETTER YOT WITH CIRCUMFLEX ABOVE|&amp;#x10eb1;}}||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | '''Arabic Extended-C'''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|10ECx
|style=&quot;{{19.0}};{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER DOTLESS HALF YEH|&amp;#x10ec0;}}||style=&quot;{{19.0}};{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER HALF YEH|&amp;#x10ec1;}}||style=&quot;background:#edc3b4;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER DAL WITH TWO DOTS VERTICALLY BELOW|&amp;#x10ec2;}}||style=&quot;background:#edc3b4;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER TAH WITH TWO DOTS VERTICALLY BELOW|&amp;#x10ec3;}}||style=&quot;background:#edc3b4;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER KAF WITH TWO DOTS VERTICALLY BELOW|&amp;#x10ec4;}}||style=&quot;background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SMALL YEH BARREE WITH TWO DOTS BELOW|&amp;#x10ec5;}}||style=&quot;background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER THIN NOON|&amp;#x10ec6;}}||style=&quot;background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER YEH WITH FOUR DOTS BELOW|&amp;#x10ec7;}}||style=&quot;{{ProvUntargeted}};{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC DOTLESS HALF JEEM|&amp;#x10ec8;}}||style=&quot;background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SMALL BASELINE FATHA|&amp;#x10ec9;}}||style=&quot;background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SMALL BASELINE DOTLESS HEAD OF KHAH|&amp;#x10eca;}}||style=&quot;background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC NORTHEAST POINTING ARROWHEAD ABOVE|&amp;#x10ecb;}}||style=&quot;background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC NORTHEAST POINTING ARROWHEAD BELOW|&amp;#x10ecc;}}||style=&quot;background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SOUTHWEST POINTING ARROWHEAD BELOW|&amp;#x10ecd;}}||style=&quot;background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SMALL CIRCLE ABOVE|&amp;#x10ece;}}||style=&quot;background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LARGE CIRCLE ABOVE|&amp;#x10ecf;}}
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|10EDx
|style=&quot;background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC BIBLICAL END OF VERSE|&amp;#x10ed0;}}||style=&quot;background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LIGATURE ALAYHAA AS-SALAATU WAS-SALAAM|&amp;#x10ed1;}}||style=&quot;background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LIGATURE ALAYHIM AS-SALAATU WAS-SALAAM|&amp;#x10ed2;}}||style=&quot;background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LIGATURE ALAYHIMAA AS-SALAATU WAS-SALAAM|&amp;#x10ed3;}}||style=&quot;background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LIGATURE QADDASA ALLAAHU SIRRAH|&amp;#x10ed4;}}||style=&quot;background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LIGATURE QUDDISA SIRRUHUM|&amp;#x10ed5;}}||style=&quot;background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LIGATURE QUDDISA SIRRUHUMAA|&amp;#x10ed6;}}||style=&quot;background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LIGATURE QUDDISAT ASRAARUHUM|&amp;#x10ed7;}}||style=&quot;background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LIGATURE NAWWARA ALLAAHU MARQADAH|&amp;#x10ed8;}}||style=&quot;background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC CROWN LETTER BEH|&amp;#x10ed9;}}||style=&quot;background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC CROWN LETTER PEH|&amp;#x10eda;}}||style=&quot;background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC CROWN LETTER TEH|&amp;#x10edb;}}||style=&quot;background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC CROWN LETTER THEH|&amp;#x10edc;}}||style=&quot;background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC CROWN LETTER JEEM|&amp;#x10edd;}}||style=&quot;background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC CROWN LETTER HAH|&amp;#x10ede;}}||style=&quot;background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC CROWN LETTER KHAH|&amp;#x10edf;}}
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|10EEx
|style=&quot;background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC CROWN LETTER SEEN|&amp;#x10ee0;}}||style=&quot;background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC CROWN LETTER SHEEN|&amp;#x10ee1;}}||style=&quot;background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC CROWN LETTER SAD|&amp;#x10ee2;}}||style=&quot;background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC CROWN LETTER DAD|&amp;#x10ee3;}}||style=&quot;background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC CROWN LETTER TAH|&amp;#x10ee4;}}||style=&quot;background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC CROWN LETTER ZAH|&amp;#x10ee5;}}||style=&quot;background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC CROWN LETTER AIN|&amp;#x10ee6;}}||style=&quot;background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC CROWN LETTER GHAIN|&amp;#x10ee7;}}||style=&quot;background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC CROWN LETTER FEH|&amp;#x10ee8;}}||style=&quot;background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC CROWN LETTER QAF|&amp;#x10ee9;}}||style=&quot;background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC CROWN LETTER KAF|&amp;#x10eea;}}||style=&quot;background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC CROWN LETTER MEEM|&amp;#x10eeb;}}||style=&quot;background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC CROWN LETTER NOON|&amp;#x10eec;}}||style=&quot;background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC CROWN LETTER HEH|&amp;#x10eed;}}||style=&quot;background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC CROWN LETTER YEH|&amp;#x10eee;}}||style=&quot;{{ProvUntargeted}};{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC ASTRONOMICAL KAF|&amp;#x10eef;}}
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|10EFx
|style=&quot;background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SMALL LOW UPRIGHT RECTANGULAR ZERO|&amp;#x10ef0;}}||style=&quot;background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SQUARE BELOW|&amp;#x10ef1;}}||style=&quot;background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC FILLED SQUARE BELOW|&amp;#x10ef2;}}||style=&quot;background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SMALL HIGH NOON WITH FATHA|&amp;#x10ef3;}}||style=&quot;background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SMALL LOW NOON WITH FATHA|&amp;#x10ef4;}}||style=&quot;background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SMALL HIGH NOON WITH DAMMA|&amp;#x10ef5;}}||style=&quot;background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SMALL LOW NOON WITH DAMMA|&amp;#x10ef6;}}||style=&quot;background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SMALL HIGH HEH INITIAL FORM|&amp;#x10ef7;}}||style=&quot;background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SMALL HIGH WORD KABBIER|&amp;#x10ef8;}}||style=&quot;background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC MARK CROWN|&amp;#x10ef9;}}||style=&quot;background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC DOUBLE VERTICAL BAR BELOW|&amp;#x10efa;}}||style=&quot;background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SMALL LOW NOON|&amp;#x10efb;}}||style=&quot;background:#edc3b4;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC COMBINING ALEF OVERLAY|&amp;#x10efc;}}||style=&quot;background:#ffc0c0;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SMALL LOW WORD SAKTA|&amp;#x10efd;}}||style=&quot;background:#ffc0c0;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SMALL LOW WORD QASR|&amp;#x10efe;}}||style=&quot;background:#ffc0c0;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SMALL LOW WORD MADDA|&amp;#x10eff;}}
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | '''Old Sogdian'''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#d093ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|10F0x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD SOGDIAN LETTER ALEPH|&amp;#x10f00;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD SOGDIAN LETTER FINAL ALEPH|&amp;#x10f01;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD SOGDIAN LETTER BETH|&amp;#x10f02;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD SOGDIAN LETTER FINAL BETH|&amp;#x10f03;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD SOGDIAN LETTER GIMEL|&amp;#x10f04;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD SOGDIAN LETTER HE|&amp;#x10f05;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD SOGDIAN LETTER FINAL HE|&amp;#x10f06;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD SOGDIAN LETTER WAW|&amp;#x10f07;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD SOGDIAN LETTER ZAYIN|&amp;#x10f08;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD SOGDIAN LETTER HETH|&amp;#x10f09;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD SOGDIAN LETTER YODH|&amp;#x10f0a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD SOGDIAN LETTER KAPH|&amp;#x10f0b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD SOGDIAN LETTER LAMEDH|&amp;#x10f0c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD SOGDIAN LETTER MEM|&amp;#x10f0d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD SOGDIAN LETTER NUN|&amp;#x10f0e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD SOGDIAN LETTER FINAL NUN|&amp;#x10f0f;}}
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#d093ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|10F1x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD SOGDIAN LETTER FINAL NUN WITH VERTICAL TAIL|&amp;#x10f10;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD SOGDIAN LETTER SAMEKH|&amp;#x10f11;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD SOGDIAN LETTER AYIN|&amp;#x10f12;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD SOGDIAN LETTER ALTERNATE AYIN|&amp;#x10f13;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD SOGDIAN LETTER PE|&amp;#x10f14;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD SOGDIAN LETTER SADHE|&amp;#x10f15;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD SOGDIAN LETTER FINAL SADHE|&amp;#x10f16;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD SOGDIAN LETTER FINAL SADHE WITH VERTICAL TAIL|&amp;#x10f17;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD SOGDIAN LETTER RESH-AYIN-DALETH|&amp;#x10f18;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD SOGDIAN LETTER SHIN|&amp;#x10f19;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD SOGDIAN LETTER TAW|&amp;#x10f1a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD SOGDIAN LETTER FINAL TAW|&amp;#x10f1b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD SOGDIAN LETTER FINAL TAW WITH VERTICAL TAIL|&amp;#x10f1c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD SOGDIAN NUMBER ONE|&amp;#x10f1d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD SOGDIAN NUMBER TWO|&amp;#x10f1e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD SOGDIAN NUMBER THREE|&amp;#x10f1f;}}
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#d093ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|10F2x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD SOGDIAN NUMBER FOUR|&amp;#x10f20;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD SOGDIAN NUMBER FIVE|&amp;#x10f21;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD SOGDIAN NUMBER TEN|&amp;#x10f22;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD SOGDIAN NUMBER TWENTY|&amp;#x10f23;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD SOGDIAN NUMBER THIRTY|&amp;#x10f24;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD SOGDIAN NUMBER ONE HUNDRED|&amp;#x10f25;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD SOGDIAN FRACTION ONE HALF|&amp;#x10f26;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD SOGDIAN LIGATURE AYIN-DALETH|&amp;#x10f27;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | '''Sogdian'''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#d093ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|10F3x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|SOGDIAN LETTER ALEPH|&amp;#x10f30;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOGDIAN LETTER BETH|&amp;#x10f31;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOGDIAN LETTER GIMEL|&amp;#x10f32;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOGDIAN LETTER HE|&amp;#x10f33;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOGDIAN LETTER WAW|&amp;#x10f34;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOGDIAN LETTER ZAYIN|&amp;#x10f35;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOGDIAN LETTER HETH|&amp;#x10f36;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOGDIAN LETTER YODH|&amp;#x10f37;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOGDIAN LETTER KAPH|&amp;#x10f38;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOGDIAN LETTER LAMEDH|&amp;#x10f39;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOGDIAN LETTER MEM|&amp;#x10f3a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOGDIAN LETTER NUN|&amp;#x10f3b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOGDIAN LETTER SAMEKH|&amp;#x10f3c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOGDIAN LETTER AYIN|&amp;#x10f3d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOGDIAN LETTER PE|&amp;#x10f3e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOGDIAN LETTER SADHE|&amp;#x10f3f;}}
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#d093ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|10F4x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|SOGDIAN LETTER RESH-AYIN|&amp;#x10f40;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOGDIAN LETTER SHIN|&amp;#x10f41;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOGDIAN LETTER TAW|&amp;#x10f42;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOGDIAN LETTER FETH|&amp;#x10f43;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOGDIAN LETTER LESH|&amp;#x10f44;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOGDIAN INDEPENDENT SHIN|&amp;#x10f45;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOGDIAN COMBINING DOT BELOW|&amp;#x10f46;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOGDIAN COMBINING TWO DOTS BELOW|&amp;#x10f47;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOGDIAN COMBINING DOT ABOVE|&amp;#x10f48;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOGDIAN COMBINING TWO DOTS ABOVE|&amp;#x10f49;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOGDIAN COMBINING CURVE ABOVE|&amp;#x10f4a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOGDIAN COMBINING CURVE BELOW|&amp;#x10f4b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOGDIAN COMBINING HOOK ABOVE|&amp;#x10f4c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOGDIAN COMBINING HOOK BELOW|&amp;#x10f4d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOGDIAN COMBINING LONG HOOK BELOW|&amp;#x10f4e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOGDIAN COMBINING RESH BELOW|&amp;#x10f4f;}}
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#d093ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|10F5x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|SOGDIAN COMBINING STROKE BELOW|&amp;#x10f50;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOGDIAN NUMBER ONE|&amp;#x10f51;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOGDIAN NUMBER TEN|&amp;#x10f52;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOGDIAN NUMBER TWENTY|&amp;#x10f53;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOGDIAN NUMBER ONE HUNDRED|&amp;#x10f54;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOGDIAN PUNCTUATION TWO VERTICAL BARS|&amp;#x10f55;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOGDIAN PUNCTUATION TWO VERTICAL BARS WITH DOTS|&amp;#x10f56;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOGDIAN PUNCTUATION CIRCLE WITH DOT|&amp;#x10f57;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOGDIAN PUNCTUATION TWO CIRCLES WITH DOTS|&amp;#x10f58;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOGDIAN PUNCTUATION HALF CIRCLE WITH DOT|&amp;#x10f59;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|10F6x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | '''Old Uyghur'''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#ffc0e0;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|10F7x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD UYGHUR LETTER ALEPH|&amp;#x10f70;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD UYGHUR LETTER BETH|&amp;#x10f71;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD UYGHUR LETTER GIMEL-HETH|&amp;#x10f72;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD UYGHUR LETTER WAW|&amp;#x10f73;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD UYGHUR LETTER ZAYIN|&amp;#x10f74;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD UYGHUR LETTER FINAL HETH|&amp;#x10f75;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD UYGHUR LETTER YODH|&amp;#x10f76;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD UYGHUR LETTER KAPH|&amp;#x10f77;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD UYGHUR LETTER LAMEDH|&amp;#x10f78;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD UYGHUR LETTER MEM|&amp;#x10f79;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD UYGHUR LETTER NUN|&amp;#x10f7a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD UYGHUR LETTER SAMEKH|&amp;#x10f7b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD UYGHUR LETTER PE|&amp;#x10f7c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD UYGHUR LETTER SADHE|&amp;#x10f7d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD UYGHUR LETTER RESH|&amp;#x10f7e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD UYGHUR LETTER SHIN|&amp;#x10f7f;}}
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#ffc0e0;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|10F8x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD UYGHUR LETTER TAW|&amp;#x10f80;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD UYGHUR LETTER LESH|&amp;#x10f81;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD UYGHUR COMBINING DOT ABOVE|&amp;nbsp;&amp;#x10f82;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD UYGHUR COMBINING DOT BELOW|&amp;nbsp;&amp;#x10f83;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD UYGHUR COMBINING TWO DOTS ABOVE|&amp;nbsp;&amp;#x10f84;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD UYGHUR COMBINING TWO DOTS BELOW|&amp;nbsp;&amp;#x10f85;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD UYGHUR PUNCTUATION BAR|&amp;#x10f86;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD UYGHUR PUNCTUATION TWO BARS|&amp;#x10f87;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD UYGHUR PUNCTUATION TWO DOTS|&amp;#x10f88;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD UYGHUR PUNCTUATION FOUR DOTS|&amp;#x10f89;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|10F9x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|10FAx
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | '''Chorasmian'''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#ffb0ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|10FBx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CHORASMIAN LETTER ALEPH|&amp;#x10fb0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHORASMIAN LETTER SMALL ALEPH|&amp;#x10fb1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHORASMIAN LETTER BETH|&amp;#x10fb2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHORASMIAN LETTER GIMEL|&amp;#x10fb3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHORASMIAN LETTER DALETH|&amp;#x10fb4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHORASMIAN LETTER HE|&amp;#x10fb5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHORASMIAN LETTER WAW|&amp;#x10fb6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHORASMIAN LETTER CURLED WAW|&amp;#x10fb7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHORASMIAN LETTER ZAYIN|&amp;#x10fb8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHORASMIAN LETTER HETH|&amp;#x10fb9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHORASMIAN LETTER YODH|&amp;#x10fba;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHORASMIAN LETTER KAPH|&amp;#x10fbb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHORASMIAN LETTER LAMEDH|&amp;#x10fbc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHORASMIAN LETTER MEM|&amp;#x10fbd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHORASMIAN LETTER NUN|&amp;#x10fbe;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHORASMIAN LETTER SAMEKH|&amp;#x10fbf;}}
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#ffb0ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|10FCx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CHORASMIAN LETTER AYIN|&amp;#x10fc0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHORASMIAN LETTER PE|&amp;#x10fc1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHORASMIAN LETTER RESH|&amp;#x10fc2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHORASMIAN LETTER SHIN|&amp;#x10fc3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHORASMIAN LETTER TAW|&amp;#x10fc4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHORASMIAN NUMBER ONE|&amp;#x10fc5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHORASMIAN NUMBER TWO|&amp;#x10fc6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHORASMIAN NUMBER THREE|&amp;#x10fc7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHORASMIAN NUMBER FOUR|&amp;#x10fc8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHORASMIAN NUMBER TEN|&amp;#x10fc9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHORASMIAN NUMBER TWENTY|&amp;#x10fca;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHORASMIAN NUMBER ONE HUNDRED|&amp;#x10fcb;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|10FDx
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | '''Elymaic'''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#e896ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|10FEx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|ELYMAIC LETTER ALEPH|&amp;#x10fe0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ELYMAIC LETTER BETH|&amp;#x10fe1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ELYMAIC LETTER GIMEL|&amp;#x10fe2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ELYMAIC LETTER DALETH|&amp;#x10fe3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ELYMAIC LETTER HE|&amp;#x10fe4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ELYMAIC LETTER WAW|&amp;#x10fe5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ELYMAIC LETTER ZAYIN|&amp;#x10fe6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ELYMAIC LETTER HETH|&amp;#x10fe7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ELYMAIC LETTER TETH|&amp;#x10fe8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ELYMAIC LETTER YODH|&amp;#x10fe9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ELYMAIC LETTER KAPH|&amp;#x10fea;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ELYMAIC LETTER LAMEDH|&amp;#x10feb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ELYMAIC LETTER MEM|&amp;#x10fec;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ELYMAIC LETTER NUN|&amp;#x10fed;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ELYMAIC LETTER SAMEKH|&amp;#x10fee;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ELYMAIC LETTER AYIN|&amp;#x10fef;}}
|- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|10FFx
|style=&quot;background:#e896ff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|ELYMAIC LETTER PE|&amp;#x10ff0;}}||style=&quot;background:#e896ff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|ELYMAIC LETTER SADHE|&amp;#x10ff1;}}||style=&quot;background:#e896ff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|ELYMAIC LETTER QOPH|&amp;#x10ff2;}}||style=&quot;background:#e896ff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|ELYMAIC LETTER RESH|&amp;#x10ff3;}}||style=&quot;background:#e896ff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|ELYMAIC LETTER SHIN|&amp;#x10ff4;}}||style=&quot;background:#e896ff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|ELYMAIC LETTER TAW|&amp;#x10ff5;}}||style=&quot;background:#e896ff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|ELYMAIC LIGATURE ZAYIN-YODH|&amp;#x10ff6;}}||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|}</text>
      <sha1>llwjsictnp6ltsgzhfh9w7bluho7t8y</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Unicode/Character reference/2F000-2FFFF</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>77352</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4680639</id>
      <parentid>4675278</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-07T08:47:53Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ILYA125467</username>
        <id>3627024</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Added characters to CJK Unified Ideographs Components-A and -B.</comment>
      <origin>4680639</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="133057" sha1="7x1s814ienpx4dul293bfd4elmjm1do" xml:space="preserve">{{:Unicode/Character reference}}

{| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;2&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; style=&quot;border-collapse:collapse;&quot;
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | ''Unassigned''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;width:4%&quot;|U+!!style=&quot;width:6%&quot;|0!!style=&quot;width:6%&quot;|1!!style=&quot;width:6%&quot;|2!!style=&quot;width:6%&quot;|3!!style=&quot;width:6%&quot;|4!!style=&quot;width:6%&quot;|5!!style=&quot;width:6%&quot;|6!!style=&quot;width:6%&quot;|7!!style=&quot;width:6%&quot;|8!!style=&quot;width:6%&quot;|9!!style=&quot;width:6%&quot;|A!!style=&quot;width:6%&quot;|B!!style=&quot;width:6%&quot;|C!!style=&quot;width:6%&quot;|D!!style=&quot;width:6%&quot;|E!!style=&quot;width:6%&quot;|F
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2F00x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2F01x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2F02x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2F03x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2F04x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2F05x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2F06x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2F07x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2F08x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2F09x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2F0Ax
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2F0Bx
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2F0Cx
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2F0Dx
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2F0Ex
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2F0Fx
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}}&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2F10x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2F11x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2F12x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2F13x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2F14x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2F15x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2F16x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2F17x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2F18x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2F19x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2F1Ax
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2F1Bx
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2F1Cx
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2F1Dx
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2F1Ex
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2F1Fx
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}}&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2F20x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2F21x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2F22x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2F23x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2F24x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2F25x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2F26x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2F27x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2F28x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2F29x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2F2Ax
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2F2Bx
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2F2Cx
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2F2Dx
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2F2Ex
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2F2Fx
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}}&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2F30x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2F31x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2F32x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2F33x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2F34x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2F35x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2F36x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2F37x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2F38x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2F39x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2F3Ax
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2F3Bx
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2F3Cx
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2F3Dx
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2F3Ex
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2F3Fx
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}}&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2F40x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2F41x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2F42x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2F43x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2F44x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2F45x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2F46x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2F47x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2F48x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2F49x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2F4Ax
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2F4Bx
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2F4Cx
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2F4Dx
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2F4Ex
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2F4Fx
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}}&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2F50x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2F51x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2F52x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2F53x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2F54x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2F55x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2F56x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2F57x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2F58x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2F59x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2F5Ax
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2F5Bx
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2F5Cx
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2F5Dx
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2F5Ex
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2F5Fx
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}}&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2F60x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2F61x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2F62x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2F63x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2F64x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2F65x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2F66x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2F67x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2F68x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2F69x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2F6Ax
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2F6Bx
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2F6Cx
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2F6Dx
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2F6Ex
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2F6Fx
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}}&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2F70x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2F71x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2F72x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2F73x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2F74x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2F75x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2F76x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2F77x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2F78x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2F79x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2F7Ax
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2F7Bx
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2F7Cx
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2F7Dx
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2F7Ex
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2F7Fx
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | '''CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement'''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}}&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#d0ff66;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2F80x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F800|&amp;#x2f800;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F801|&amp;#x2f801;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F802|&amp;#x2f802;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F803|&amp;#x2f803;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F804|&amp;#x2f804;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F805|&amp;#x2f805;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F806|&amp;#x2f806;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F807|&amp;#x2f807;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F808|&amp;#x2f808;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F809|&amp;#x2f809;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F80A|&amp;#x2f80a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F80B|&amp;#x2f80b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F80C|&amp;#x2f80c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F80D|&amp;#x2f80d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F80E|&amp;#x2f80e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F80F|&amp;#x2f80f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#d0ff66;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2F81x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F810|&amp;#x2f810;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F811|&amp;#x2f811;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F812|&amp;#x2f812;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F813|&amp;#x2f813;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F814|&amp;#x2f814;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F815|&amp;#x2f815;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F816|&amp;#x2f816;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F817|&amp;#x2f817;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F818|&amp;#x2f818;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F819|&amp;#x2f819;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F81A|&amp;#x2f81a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F81B|&amp;#x2f81b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F81C|&amp;#x2f81c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F81D|&amp;#x2f81d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F81E|&amp;#x2f81e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F81F|&amp;#x2f81f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#d0ff66;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2F82x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F820|&amp;#x2f820;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F821|&amp;#x2f821;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F822|&amp;#x2f822;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F823|&amp;#x2f823;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F824|&amp;#x2f824;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F825|&amp;#x2f825;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F826|&amp;#x2f826;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F827|&amp;#x2f827;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F828|&amp;#x2f828;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F829|&amp;#x2f829;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F82A|&amp;#x2f82a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F82B|&amp;#x2f82b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F82C|&amp;#x2f82c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F82D|&amp;#x2f82d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F82E|&amp;#x2f82e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F82F|&amp;#x2f82f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#d0ff66;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2F83x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F830|&amp;#x2f830;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F831|&amp;#x2f831;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F832|&amp;#x2f832;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F833|&amp;#x2f833;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F834|&amp;#x2f834;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F835|&amp;#x2f835;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F836|&amp;#x2f836;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F837|&amp;#x2f837;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F838|&amp;#x2f838;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F839|&amp;#x2f839;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F83A|&amp;#x2f83a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F83B|&amp;#x2f83b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F83C|&amp;#x2f83c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F83D|&amp;#x2f83d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F83E|&amp;#x2f83e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F83F|&amp;#x2f83f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#d0ff66;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2F84x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F840|&amp;#x2f840;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F841|&amp;#x2f841;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F842|&amp;#x2f842;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F843|&amp;#x2f843;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F844|&amp;#x2f844;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F845|&amp;#x2f845;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F846|&amp;#x2f846;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F847|&amp;#x2f847;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F848|&amp;#x2f848;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F849|&amp;#x2f849;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F84A|&amp;#x2f84a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F84B|&amp;#x2f84b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F84C|&amp;#x2f84c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F84D|&amp;#x2f84d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F84E|&amp;#x2f84e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F84F|&amp;#x2f84f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#d0ff66;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2F85x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F850|&amp;#x2f850;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F851|&amp;#x2f851;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F852|&amp;#x2f852;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F853|&amp;#x2f853;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F854|&amp;#x2f854;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F855|&amp;#x2f855;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F856|&amp;#x2f856;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F857|&amp;#x2f857;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F858|&amp;#x2f858;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F859|&amp;#x2f859;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F85A|&amp;#x2f85a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F85B|&amp;#x2f85b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F85C|&amp;#x2f85c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F85D|&amp;#x2f85d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F85E|&amp;#x2f85e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F85F|&amp;#x2f85f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#d0ff66;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2F86x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F860|&amp;#x2f860;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F861|&amp;#x2f861;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F862|&amp;#x2f862;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F863|&amp;#x2f863;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F864|&amp;#x2f864;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F865|&amp;#x2f865;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F866|&amp;#x2f866;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F867|&amp;#x2f867;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F868|&amp;#x2f868;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F869|&amp;#x2f869;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F86A|&amp;#x2f86a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F86B|&amp;#x2f86b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F86C|&amp;#x2f86c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F86D|&amp;#x2f86d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F86E|&amp;#x2f86e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F86F|&amp;#x2f86f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#d0ff66;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2F87x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F870|&amp;#x2f870;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F871|&amp;#x2f871;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F872|&amp;#x2f872;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F873|&amp;#x2f873;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F874|&amp;#x2f874;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F875|&amp;#x2f875;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F876|&amp;#x2f876;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F877|&amp;#x2f877;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F878|&amp;#x2f878;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F879|&amp;#x2f879;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F87A|&amp;#x2f87a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F87B|&amp;#x2f87b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F87C|&amp;#x2f87c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F87D|&amp;#x2f87d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F87E|&amp;#x2f87e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F87F|&amp;#x2f87f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#d0ff66;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2F88x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F880|&amp;#x2f880;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F881|&amp;#x2f881;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F882|&amp;#x2f882;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F883|&amp;#x2f883;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F884|&amp;#x2f884;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F885|&amp;#x2f885;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F886|&amp;#x2f886;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F887|&amp;#x2f887;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F888|&amp;#x2f888;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F889|&amp;#x2f889;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F88A|&amp;#x2f88a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F88B|&amp;#x2f88b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F88C|&amp;#x2f88c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F88D|&amp;#x2f88d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F88E|&amp;#x2f88e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F88F|&amp;#x2f88f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#d0ff66;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2F89x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F890|&amp;#x2f890;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F891|&amp;#x2f891;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F892|&amp;#x2f892;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F893|&amp;#x2f893;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F894|&amp;#x2f894;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F895|&amp;#x2f895;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F896|&amp;#x2f896;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F897|&amp;#x2f897;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F898|&amp;#x2f898;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F899|&amp;#x2f899;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F89A|&amp;#x2f89a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F89B|&amp;#x2f89b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F89C|&amp;#x2f89c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F89D|&amp;#x2f89d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F89E|&amp;#x2f89e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F89F|&amp;#x2f89f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#d0ff66;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2F8Ax
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F8A0|&amp;#x2f8a0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F8A1|&amp;#x2f8a1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F8A2|&amp;#x2f8a2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F8A3|&amp;#x2f8a3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F8A4|&amp;#x2f8a4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F8A5|&amp;#x2f8a5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F8A6|&amp;#x2f8a6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F8A7|&amp;#x2f8a7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F8A8|&amp;#x2f8a8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F8A9|&amp;#x2f8a9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F8AA|&amp;#x2f8aa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F8AB|&amp;#x2f8ab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F8AC|&amp;#x2f8ac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F8AD|&amp;#x2f8ad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F8AE|&amp;#x2f8ae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F8AF|&amp;#x2f8af;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#d0ff66;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2F8Bx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F8B0|&amp;#x2f8b0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F8B1|&amp;#x2f8b1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F8B2|&amp;#x2f8b2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F8B3|&amp;#x2f8b3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F8B4|&amp;#x2f8b4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F8B5|&amp;#x2f8b5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F8B6|&amp;#x2f8b6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F8B7|&amp;#x2f8b7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F8B8|&amp;#x2f8b8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F8B9|&amp;#x2f8b9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F8BA|&amp;#x2f8ba;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F8BB|&amp;#x2f8bb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F8BC|&amp;#x2f8bc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F8BD|&amp;#x2f8bd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F8BE|&amp;#x2f8be;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F8BF|&amp;#x2f8bf;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#d0ff66;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2F8Cx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F8C0|&amp;#x2f8c0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F8C1|&amp;#x2f8c1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F8C2|&amp;#x2f8c2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F8C3|&amp;#x2f8c3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F8C4|&amp;#x2f8c4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F8C5|&amp;#x2f8c5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F8C6|&amp;#x2f8c6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F8C7|&amp;#x2f8c7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F8C8|&amp;#x2f8c8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F8C9|&amp;#x2f8c9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F8CA|&amp;#x2f8ca;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F8CB|&amp;#x2f8cb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F8CC|&amp;#x2f8cc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F8CD|&amp;#x2f8cd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F8CE|&amp;#x2f8ce;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F8CF|&amp;#x2f8cf;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#d0ff66;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2F8Dx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F8D0|&amp;#x2f8d0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F8D1|&amp;#x2f8d1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F8D2|&amp;#x2f8d2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F8D3|&amp;#x2f8d3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F8D4|&amp;#x2f8d4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F8D5|&amp;#x2f8d5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F8D6|&amp;#x2f8d6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F8D7|&amp;#x2f8d7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F8D8|&amp;#x2f8d8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F8D9|&amp;#x2f8d9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F8DA|&amp;#x2f8da;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F8DB|&amp;#x2f8db;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F8DC|&amp;#x2f8dc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F8DD|&amp;#x2f8dd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F8DE|&amp;#x2f8de;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F8DF|&amp;#x2f8df;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#d0ff66;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2F8Ex
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F8E0|&amp;#x2f8e0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F8E1|&amp;#x2f8e1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F8E2|&amp;#x2f8e2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F8E3|&amp;#x2f8e3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F8E4|&amp;#x2f8e4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F8E5|&amp;#x2f8e5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F8E6|&amp;#x2f8e6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F8E7|&amp;#x2f8e7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F8E8|&amp;#x2f8e8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F8E9|&amp;#x2f8e9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F8EA|&amp;#x2f8ea;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F8EB|&amp;#x2f8eb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F8EC|&amp;#x2f8ec;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F8ED|&amp;#x2f8ed;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F8EE|&amp;#x2f8ee;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F8EF|&amp;#x2f8ef;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#d0ff66;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2F8Fx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F8F0|&amp;#x2f8f0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F8F1|&amp;#x2f8f1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F8F2|&amp;#x2f8f2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F8F3|&amp;#x2f8f3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F8F4|&amp;#x2f8f4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F8F5|&amp;#x2f8f5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F8F6|&amp;#x2f8f6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F8F7|&amp;#x2f8f7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F8F8|&amp;#x2f8f8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F8F9|&amp;#x2f8f9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F8FA|&amp;#x2f8fa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F8FB|&amp;#x2f8fb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F8FC|&amp;#x2f8fc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F8FD|&amp;#x2f8fd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F8FE|&amp;#x2f8fe;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F8FF|&amp;#x2f8ff;}}
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}}&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#d0ff66;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2F90x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F900|&amp;#x2f900;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F901|&amp;#x2f901;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F902|&amp;#x2f902;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F903|&amp;#x2f903;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F904|&amp;#x2f904;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F905|&amp;#x2f905;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F906|&amp;#x2f906;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F907|&amp;#x2f907;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F908|&amp;#x2f908;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F909|&amp;#x2f909;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F90A|&amp;#x2f90a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F90B|&amp;#x2f90b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F90C|&amp;#x2f90c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F90D|&amp;#x2f90d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F90E|&amp;#x2f90e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F90F|&amp;#x2f90f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#d0ff66;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2F91x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F910|&amp;#x2f910;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F911|&amp;#x2f911;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F912|&amp;#x2f912;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F913|&amp;#x2f913;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F914|&amp;#x2f914;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F915|&amp;#x2f915;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F916|&amp;#x2f916;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F917|&amp;#x2f917;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F918|&amp;#x2f918;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F919|&amp;#x2f919;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F91A|&amp;#x2f91a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F91B|&amp;#x2f91b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F91C|&amp;#x2f91c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F91D|&amp;#x2f91d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F91E|&amp;#x2f91e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F91F|&amp;#x2f91f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#d0ff66;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2F92x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F920|&amp;#x2f920;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F921|&amp;#x2f921;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F922|&amp;#x2f922;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F923|&amp;#x2f923;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F924|&amp;#x2f924;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F925|&amp;#x2f925;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F926|&amp;#x2f926;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F927|&amp;#x2f927;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F928|&amp;#x2f928;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F929|&amp;#x2f929;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F92A|&amp;#x2f92a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F92B|&amp;#x2f92b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F92C|&amp;#x2f92c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F92D|&amp;#x2f92d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F92E|&amp;#x2f92e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F92F|&amp;#x2f92f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#d0ff66;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2F93x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F930|&amp;#x2f930;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F931|&amp;#x2f931;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F932|&amp;#x2f932;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F933|&amp;#x2f933;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F934|&amp;#x2f934;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F935|&amp;#x2f935;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F936|&amp;#x2f936;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F937|&amp;#x2f937;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F938|&amp;#x2f938;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F939|&amp;#x2f939;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F93A|&amp;#x2f93a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F93B|&amp;#x2f93b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F93C|&amp;#x2f93c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F93D|&amp;#x2f93d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F93E|&amp;#x2f93e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F93F|&amp;#x2f93f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#d0ff66;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2F94x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F940|&amp;#x2f940;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F941|&amp;#x2f941;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F942|&amp;#x2f942;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F943|&amp;#x2f943;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F944|&amp;#x2f944;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F945|&amp;#x2f945;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F946|&amp;#x2f946;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F947|&amp;#x2f947;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F948|&amp;#x2f948;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F949|&amp;#x2f949;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F94A|&amp;#x2f94a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F94B|&amp;#x2f94b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F94C|&amp;#x2f94c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F94D|&amp;#x2f94d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F94E|&amp;#x2f94e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F94F|&amp;#x2f94f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#d0ff66;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2F95x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F950|&amp;#x2f950;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F951|&amp;#x2f951;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F952|&amp;#x2f952;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F953|&amp;#x2f953;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F954|&amp;#x2f954;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F955|&amp;#x2f955;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F956|&amp;#x2f956;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F957|&amp;#x2f957;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F958|&amp;#x2f958;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F959|&amp;#x2f959;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F95A|&amp;#x2f95a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F95B|&amp;#x2f95b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F95C|&amp;#x2f95c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F95D|&amp;#x2f95d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F95E|&amp;#x2f95e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F95F|&amp;#x2f95f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#d0ff66;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2F96x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F960|&amp;#x2f960;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F961|&amp;#x2f961;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F962|&amp;#x2f962;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F963|&amp;#x2f963;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F964|&amp;#x2f964;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F965|&amp;#x2f965;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F966|&amp;#x2f966;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F967|&amp;#x2f967;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F968|&amp;#x2f968;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F969|&amp;#x2f969;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F96A|&amp;#x2f96a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F96B|&amp;#x2f96b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F96C|&amp;#x2f96c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F96D|&amp;#x2f96d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F96E|&amp;#x2f96e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F96F|&amp;#x2f96f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#d0ff66;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2F97x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F970|&amp;#x2f970;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F971|&amp;#x2f971;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F972|&amp;#x2f972;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F973|&amp;#x2f973;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F974|&amp;#x2f974;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F975|&amp;#x2f975;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F976|&amp;#x2f976;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F977|&amp;#x2f977;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F978|&amp;#x2f978;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F979|&amp;#x2f979;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F97A|&amp;#x2f97a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F97B|&amp;#x2f97b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F97C|&amp;#x2f97c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F97D|&amp;#x2f97d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F97E|&amp;#x2f97e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F97F|&amp;#x2f97f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#d0ff66;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2F98x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F980|&amp;#x2f980;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F981|&amp;#x2f981;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F982|&amp;#x2f982;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F983|&amp;#x2f983;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F984|&amp;#x2f984;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F985|&amp;#x2f985;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F986|&amp;#x2f986;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F987|&amp;#x2f987;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F988|&amp;#x2f988;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F989|&amp;#x2f989;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F98A|&amp;#x2f98a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F98B|&amp;#x2f98b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F98C|&amp;#x2f98c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F98D|&amp;#x2f98d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F98E|&amp;#x2f98e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F98F|&amp;#x2f98f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#d0ff66;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2F99x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F990|&amp;#x2f990;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F991|&amp;#x2f991;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F992|&amp;#x2f992;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F993|&amp;#x2f993;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F994|&amp;#x2f994;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F995|&amp;#x2f995;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F996|&amp;#x2f996;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F997|&amp;#x2f997;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F998|&amp;#x2f998;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F999|&amp;#x2f999;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F99A|&amp;#x2f99a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F99B|&amp;#x2f99b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F99C|&amp;#x2f99c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F99D|&amp;#x2f99d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F99E|&amp;#x2f99e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F99F|&amp;#x2f99f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#d0ff66;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2F9Ax
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F9A0|&amp;#x2f9a0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F9A1|&amp;#x2f9a1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F9A2|&amp;#x2f9a2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F9A3|&amp;#x2f9a3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F9A4|&amp;#x2f9a4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F9A5|&amp;#x2f9a5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F9A6|&amp;#x2f9a6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F9A7|&amp;#x2f9a7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F9A8|&amp;#x2f9a8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F9A9|&amp;#x2f9a9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F9AA|&amp;#x2f9aa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F9AB|&amp;#x2f9ab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F9AC|&amp;#x2f9ac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F9AD|&amp;#x2f9ad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F9AE|&amp;#x2f9ae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F9AF|&amp;#x2f9af;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#d0ff66;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2F9Bx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F9B0|&amp;#x2f9b0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F9B1|&amp;#x2f9b1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F9B2|&amp;#x2f9b2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F9B3|&amp;#x2f9b3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F9B4|&amp;#x2f9b4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F9B5|&amp;#x2f9b5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F9B6|&amp;#x2f9b6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F9B7|&amp;#x2f9b7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F9B8|&amp;#x2f9b8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F9B9|&amp;#x2f9b9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F9BA|&amp;#x2f9ba;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F9BB|&amp;#x2f9bb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F9BC|&amp;#x2f9bc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F9BD|&amp;#x2f9bd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F9BE|&amp;#x2f9be;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F9BF|&amp;#x2f9bf;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#d0ff66;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2F9Cx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F9C0|&amp;#x2f9c0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F9C1|&amp;#x2f9c1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F9C2|&amp;#x2f9c2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F9C3|&amp;#x2f9c3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F9C4|&amp;#x2f9c4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F9C5|&amp;#x2f9c5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F9C6|&amp;#x2f9c6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F9C7|&amp;#x2f9c7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F9C8|&amp;#x2f9c8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F9C9|&amp;#x2f9c9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F9CA|&amp;#x2f9ca;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F9CB|&amp;#x2f9cb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F9CC|&amp;#x2f9cc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F9CD|&amp;#x2f9cd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F9CE|&amp;#x2f9ce;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F9CF|&amp;#x2f9cf;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#d0ff66;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2F9Dx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F9D0|&amp;#x2f9d0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F9D1|&amp;#x2f9d1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F9D2|&amp;#x2f9d2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F9D3|&amp;#x2f9d3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F9D4|&amp;#x2f9d4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F9D5|&amp;#x2f9d5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F9D6|&amp;#x2f9d6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F9D7|&amp;#x2f9d7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F9D8|&amp;#x2f9d8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F9D9|&amp;#x2f9d9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F9DA|&amp;#x2f9da;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F9DB|&amp;#x2f9db;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F9DC|&amp;#x2f9dc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F9DD|&amp;#x2f9dd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F9DE|&amp;#x2f9de;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F9DF|&amp;#x2f9df;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#d0ff66;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2F9Ex
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F9E0|&amp;#x2f9e0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F9E1|&amp;#x2f9e1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F9E2|&amp;#x2f9e2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F9E3|&amp;#x2f9e3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F9E4|&amp;#x2f9e4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F9E5|&amp;#x2f9e5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F9E6|&amp;#x2f9e6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F9E7|&amp;#x2f9e7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F9E8|&amp;#x2f9e8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F9E9|&amp;#x2f9e9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F9EA|&amp;#x2f9ea;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F9EB|&amp;#x2f9eb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F9EC|&amp;#x2f9ec;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F9ED|&amp;#x2f9ed;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F9EE|&amp;#x2f9ee;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F9EF|&amp;#x2f9ef;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#d0ff66;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2F9Fx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F9F0|&amp;#x2f9f0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F9F1|&amp;#x2f9f1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F9F2|&amp;#x2f9f2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F9F3|&amp;#x2f9f3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F9F4|&amp;#x2f9f4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F9F5|&amp;#x2f9f5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F9F6|&amp;#x2f9f6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F9F7|&amp;#x2f9f7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F9F8|&amp;#x2f9f8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F9F9|&amp;#x2f9f9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F9FA|&amp;#x2f9fa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F9FB|&amp;#x2f9fb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F9FC|&amp;#x2f9fc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F9FD|&amp;#x2f9fd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F9FE|&amp;#x2f9fe;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F9FF|&amp;#x2f9ff;}}
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}}&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#d0ff66;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2FA0x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2FA00|&amp;#x2fa00;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2FA01|&amp;#x2fa01;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2FA02|&amp;#x2fa02;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2FA03|&amp;#x2fa03;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2FA04|&amp;#x2fa04;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2FA05|&amp;#x2fa05;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2FA06|&amp;#x2fa06;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2FA07|&amp;#x2fa07;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2FA08|&amp;#x2fa08;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2FA09|&amp;#x2fa09;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2FA0A|&amp;#x2fa0a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2FA0B|&amp;#x2fa0b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2FA0C|&amp;#x2fa0c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2FA0D|&amp;#x2fa0d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2FA0E|&amp;#x2fa0e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2FA0F|&amp;#x2fa0f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#d0ff66;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2FA1x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2FA10|&amp;#x2fa10;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2FA11|&amp;#x2fa11;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2FA12|&amp;#x2fa12;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2FA13|&amp;#x2fa13;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2FA14|&amp;#x2fa14;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2FA15|&amp;#x2fa15;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2FA16|&amp;#x2fa16;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2FA17|&amp;#x2fa17;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2FA18|&amp;#x2fa18;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2FA19|&amp;#x2fa19;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2FA1A|&amp;#x2fa1a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2FA1B|&amp;#x2fa1b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2FA1C|&amp;#x2fa1c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2FA1D|&amp;#x2fa1d;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}}&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}}&quot;|&amp;nbsp;
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | '''CJK Unified Ideographs Components-A'''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}}&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;{{19.0}};{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2FA2x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FA20|&amp;#x2fa20;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FA21|&amp;#x2fa21;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FA22|&amp;#x2fa22;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FA23|&amp;#x2fa23;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FA24|&amp;#x2fa24;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FA25|&amp;#x2fa25;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FA26|&amp;#x2fa26;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FA27|&amp;#x2fa27;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FA28|&amp;#x2fa28;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FA29|&amp;#x2fa29;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FA2A|&amp;#x2fa2a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FA2B|&amp;#x2fa2b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FA2C|&amp;#x2fa2c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FA2D|&amp;#x2fa2d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FA2E|&amp;#x2fa2e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FA2F|&amp;#x2fa2f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;{{19.0}};{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2FA3x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FA30|&amp;#x2fa30;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FA31|&amp;#x2fa31;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FA32|&amp;#x2fa32;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FA33|&amp;#x2fa33;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FA34|&amp;#x2fa34;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FA35|&amp;#x2fa35;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FA36|&amp;#x2fa36;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FA37|&amp;#x2fa37;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FA38|&amp;#x2fa38;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FA39|&amp;#x2fa39;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FA3A|&amp;#x2fa3a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FA3B|&amp;#x2fa3b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FA3C|&amp;#x2fa3c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FA3D|&amp;#x2fa3d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FA3E|&amp;#x2fa3e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FA3F|&amp;#x2fa3f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;{{19.0}};{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2FA4x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FA40|&amp;#x2fa40;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FA41|&amp;#x2fa41;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FA42|&amp;#x2fa42;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FA43|&amp;#x2fa43;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FA44|&amp;#x2fa44;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FA45|&amp;#x2fa45;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FA46|&amp;#x2fa46;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FA47|&amp;#x2fa47;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FA48|&amp;#x2fa48;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FA49|&amp;#x2fa49;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FA4A|&amp;#x2fa4a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FA4B|&amp;#x2fa4b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FA4C|&amp;#x2fa4c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FA4D|&amp;#x2fa4d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FA4E|&amp;#x2fa4e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FA4F|&amp;#x2fa4f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;{{19.0}};{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2FA5x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FA50|&amp;#x2fa50;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FA51|&amp;#x2fa51;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FA52|&amp;#x2fa52;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FA53|&amp;#x2fa53;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FA54|&amp;#x2fa54;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FA55|&amp;#x2fa55;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FA56|&amp;#x2fa56;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FA57|&amp;#x2fa57;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FA58|&amp;#x2fa58;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FA59|&amp;#x2fa59;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FA5A|&amp;#x2fa5a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FA5B|&amp;#x2fa5b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FA5C|&amp;#x2fa5c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FA5D|&amp;#x2fa5d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FA5E|&amp;#x2fa5e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FA5F|&amp;#x2fa5f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;{{19.0}};{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2FA6x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FA60|&amp;#x2fa60;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FA61|&amp;#x2fa61;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FA62|&amp;#x2fa62;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FA63|&amp;#x2fa63;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FA64|&amp;#x2fa64;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FA65|&amp;#x2fa65;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FA66|&amp;#x2fa66;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FA67|&amp;#x2fa67;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FA68|&amp;#x2fa68;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FA69|&amp;#x2fa69;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FA6A|&amp;#x2fa6a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FA6B|&amp;#x2fa6b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FA6C|&amp;#x2fa6c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FA6D|&amp;#x2fa6d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FA6E|&amp;#x2fa6e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FA6F|&amp;#x2fa6f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;{{19.0}};{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2FA7x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FA70|&amp;#x2fa70;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FA71|&amp;#x2fa71;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FA72|&amp;#x2fa72;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FA73|&amp;#x2fa73;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FA74|&amp;#x2fa74;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FA75|&amp;#x2fa75;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FA76|&amp;#x2fa76;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FA77|&amp;#x2fa77;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FA78|&amp;#x2fa78;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FA79|&amp;#x2fa79;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FA7A|&amp;#x2fa7a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FA7B|&amp;#x2fa7b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FA7C|&amp;#x2fa7c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FA7D|&amp;#x2fa7d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FA7E|&amp;#x2fa7e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FA7F|&amp;#x2fa7f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;{{19.0}};{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2FA8x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FA80|&amp;#x2fa80;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FA81|&amp;#x2fa81;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FA82|&amp;#x2fa82;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FA83|&amp;#x2fa83;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FA84|&amp;#x2fa84;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FA85|&amp;#x2fa85;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FA86|&amp;#x2fa86;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FA87|&amp;#x2fa87;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FA88|&amp;#x2fa88;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FA89|&amp;#x2fa89;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FA8A|&amp;#x2fa8a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FA8B|&amp;#x2fa8b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FA8C|&amp;#x2fa8c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FA8D|&amp;#x2fa8d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FA8E|&amp;#x2fa8e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FA8F|&amp;#x2fa8f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2FA9x
|style=&quot;{{19.0}}&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FA90|&amp;#x2fa90;}}||style=&quot;{{19.0}}&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FA91|&amp;#x2fa91;}}||style=&quot;{{19.0}}&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FA92|&amp;#x2fa92;}}||style=&quot;{{19.0}}&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FA93|&amp;#x2fa93;}}||style=&quot;{{19.0}}&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FA94|&amp;#x2fa94;}}||style=&quot;{{19.0}}&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FA95|&amp;#x2fa95;}}||style=&quot;{{19.0}}&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FA96|&amp;#x2fa96;}}||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | '''CJK Unified Ideographs Components-B'''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}}&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;{{19.0}};{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2FAAx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FAA0|&amp;#x2faa0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FAA1|&amp;#x2faa1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FAA2|&amp;#x2faa2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FAA3|&amp;#x2faa3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FAA4|&amp;#x2faa4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FAA5|&amp;#x2faa5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FAA6|&amp;#x2faa6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FAA7|&amp;#x2faa7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FAA8|&amp;#x2faa8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FAA9|&amp;#x2faa9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FAAA|&amp;#x2faaa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FAAB|&amp;#x2faab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FAAC|&amp;#x2faac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FAAD|&amp;#x2faad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FAAE|&amp;#x2faae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FAAF|&amp;#x2faaf;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;{{19.0}};{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2FABx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FAB0|&amp;#x2fab0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FAB1|&amp;#x2fab1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FAB2|&amp;#x2fab2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FAB3|&amp;#x2fab3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FAB4|&amp;#x2fab4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FAB5|&amp;#x2fab5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FAB6|&amp;#x2fab6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FAB7|&amp;#x2fab7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FAB8|&amp;#x2fab8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FAB9|&amp;#x2fab9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FABA|&amp;#x2faba;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FABB|&amp;#x2fabb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FABC|&amp;#x2fabc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FABD|&amp;#x2fabd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FABE|&amp;#x2fabe;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FABF|&amp;#x2fabf;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;{{19.0}};{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2FACx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FAC0|&amp;#x2fac0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FAC1|&amp;#x2fac1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FAC2|&amp;#x2fac2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FAC3|&amp;#x2fac3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FAC4|&amp;#x2fac4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FAC5|&amp;#x2fac5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FAC6|&amp;#x2fac6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FAC7|&amp;#x2fac7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FAC8|&amp;#x2fac8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FAC9|&amp;#x2fac9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FACA|&amp;#x2faca;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FACB|&amp;#x2facb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FACC|&amp;#x2facc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FACD|&amp;#x2facd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FACE|&amp;#x2face;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FACF|&amp;#x2facf;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;{{19.0}};{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2FADx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FAD0|&amp;#x2fad0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FAD1|&amp;#x2fad1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FAD2|&amp;#x2fad2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FAD3|&amp;#x2fad3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FAD4|&amp;#x2fad4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FAD5|&amp;#x2fad5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FAD6|&amp;#x2fad6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FAD7|&amp;#x2fad7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FAD8|&amp;#x2fad8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FAD9|&amp;#x2fad9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FADA|&amp;#x2fada;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FADB|&amp;#x2fadb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FADC|&amp;#x2fadc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FADD|&amp;#x2fadd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FADE|&amp;#x2fade;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FADF|&amp;#x2fadf;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;{{19.0}};{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2FAEx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FAE0|&amp;#x2fae0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FAE1|&amp;#x2fae1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FAE2|&amp;#x2fae2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FAE3|&amp;#x2fae3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FAE4|&amp;#x2fae4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FAE5|&amp;#x2fae5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FAE6|&amp;#x2fae6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FAE7|&amp;#x2fae7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FAE8|&amp;#x2fae8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FAE9|&amp;#x2fae9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FAEA|&amp;#x2faea;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FAEB|&amp;#x2faeb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FAEC|&amp;#x2faec;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FAED|&amp;#x2faed;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FAEE|&amp;#x2faee;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FAEF|&amp;#x2faef;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;{{19.0}};{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2FAFx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FAF0|&amp;#x2faf0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FAF1|&amp;#x2faf1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FAF2|&amp;#x2faf2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FAF3|&amp;#x2faf3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FAF4|&amp;#x2faf4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FAF5|&amp;#x2faf5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FAF6|&amp;#x2faf6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FAF7|&amp;#x2faf7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FAF8|&amp;#x2faf8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FAF9|&amp;#x2faf9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FAFA|&amp;#x2fafa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FAFB|&amp;#x2fafb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FAFC|&amp;#x2fafc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FAFD|&amp;#x2fafd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FAFE|&amp;#x2fafe;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FAFF|&amp;#x2faff;}}
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;{{19.0}};{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2FB0x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FB00|&amp;#x2fb00;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FB01|&amp;#x2fb01;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FB02|&amp;#x2fb02;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FB03|&amp;#x2fb03;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FB04|&amp;#x2fb04;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FB05|&amp;#x2fb05;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FB06|&amp;#x2fb06;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FB07|&amp;#x2fb07;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FB08|&amp;#x2fb08;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FB09|&amp;#x2fb09;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FB0A|&amp;#x2fb0a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FB0B|&amp;#x2fb0b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FB0C|&amp;#x2fb0c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FB0D|&amp;#x2fb0d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FB0E|&amp;#x2fb0e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FB0F|&amp;#x2fb0f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;{{19.0}};{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2FB1x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FB10|&amp;#x2fb10;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FB11|&amp;#x2fb11;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FB12|&amp;#x2fb12;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FB13|&amp;#x2fb13;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FB14|&amp;#x2fb14;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FB15|&amp;#x2fb15;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FB16|&amp;#x2fb16;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FB17|&amp;#x2fb17;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FB18|&amp;#x2fb18;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FB19|&amp;#x2fb19;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FB1A|&amp;#x2fb1a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FB1B|&amp;#x2fb1b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FB1C|&amp;#x2fb1c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FB1D|&amp;#x2fb1d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FB1E|&amp;#x2fb1e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FB1F|&amp;#x2fb1f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;{{19.0}};{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2FB2x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FB20|&amp;#x2fb20;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FB21|&amp;#x2fb21;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FB22|&amp;#x2fb22;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FB23|&amp;#x2fb23;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FB24|&amp;#x2fb24;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FB25|&amp;#x2fb25;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FB26|&amp;#x2fb26;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FB27|&amp;#x2fb27;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FB28|&amp;#x2fb28;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FB29|&amp;#x2fb29;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FB2A|&amp;#x2fb2a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FB2B|&amp;#x2fb2b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FB2C|&amp;#x2fb2c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FB2D|&amp;#x2fb2d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FB2E|&amp;#x2fb2e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FB2F|&amp;#x2fb2f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;{{19.0}};{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2FB3x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FB30|&amp;#x2fb30;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FB31|&amp;#x2fb31;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FB32|&amp;#x2fb32;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FB33|&amp;#x2fb33;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FB34|&amp;#x2fb34;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FB35|&amp;#x2fb35;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FB36|&amp;#x2fb36;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FB37|&amp;#x2fb37;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FB38|&amp;#x2fb38;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FB39|&amp;#x2fb39;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FB3A|&amp;#x2fb3a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FB3B|&amp;#x2fb3b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FB3C|&amp;#x2fb3c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FB3D|&amp;#x2fb3d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FB3E|&amp;#x2fb3e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FB3F|&amp;#x2fb3f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;{{19.0}};{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2FB4x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FB40|&amp;#x2fb40;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FB41|&amp;#x2fb41;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FB42|&amp;#x2fb42;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FB43|&amp;#x2fb43;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FB44|&amp;#x2fb44;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FB45|&amp;#x2fb45;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FB46|&amp;#x2fb46;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FB47|&amp;#x2fb47;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FB48|&amp;#x2fb48;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FB49|&amp;#x2fb49;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FB4A|&amp;#x2fb4a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FB4B|&amp;#x2fb4b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FB4C|&amp;#x2fb4c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FB4D|&amp;#x2fb4d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FB4E|&amp;#x2fb4e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FB4F|&amp;#x2fb4f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;{{19.0}};{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2FB5x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FB50|&amp;#x2fb50;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FB51|&amp;#x2fb51;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FB52|&amp;#x2fb52;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FB53|&amp;#x2fb53;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FB54|&amp;#x2fb54;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FB55|&amp;#x2fb55;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FB56|&amp;#x2fb56;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FB57|&amp;#x2fb57;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FB58|&amp;#x2fb58;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FB59|&amp;#x2fb59;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FB5A|&amp;#x2fb5a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FB5B|&amp;#x2fb5b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FB5C|&amp;#x2fb5c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FB5D|&amp;#x2fb5d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FB5E|&amp;#x2fb5e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FB5F|&amp;#x2fb5f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;{{19.0}};{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2FB6x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FB60|&amp;#x2fb60;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FB61|&amp;#x2fb61;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FB62|&amp;#x2fb62;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FB63|&amp;#x2fb63;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FB64|&amp;#x2fb64;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FB65|&amp;#x2fb65;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FB66|&amp;#x2fb66;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FB67|&amp;#x2fb67;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FB68|&amp;#x2fb68;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FB69|&amp;#x2fb69;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FB6A|&amp;#x2fb6a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FB6B|&amp;#x2fb6b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FB6C|&amp;#x2fb6c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FB6D|&amp;#x2fb6d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FB6E|&amp;#x2fb6e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FB6F|&amp;#x2fb6f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;{{19.0}};{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2FB7x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FB70|&amp;#x2fb70;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FB71|&amp;#x2fb71;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FB72|&amp;#x2fb72;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FB73|&amp;#x2fb73;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FB74|&amp;#x2fb74;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FB75|&amp;#x2fb75;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FB76|&amp;#x2fb76;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FB77|&amp;#x2fb77;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FB78|&amp;#x2fb78;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FB79|&amp;#x2fb79;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FB7A|&amp;#x2fb7a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FB7B|&amp;#x2fb7b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FB7C|&amp;#x2fb7c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FB7D|&amp;#x2fb7d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FB7E|&amp;#x2fb7e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FB7F|&amp;#x2fb7f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;{{19.0}};{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2FB8x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FB80|&amp;#x2fb80;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FB81|&amp;#x2fb81;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FB82|&amp;#x2fb82;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FB83|&amp;#x2fb83;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FB84|&amp;#x2fb84;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FB85|&amp;#x2fb85;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FB86|&amp;#x2fb86;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FB87|&amp;#x2fb87;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FB88|&amp;#x2fb88;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FB89|&amp;#x2fb89;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FB8A|&amp;#x2fb8a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FB8B|&amp;#x2fb8b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FB8C|&amp;#x2fb8c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FB8D|&amp;#x2fb8d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FB8E|&amp;#x2fb8e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FB8F|&amp;#x2fb8f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;{{19.0}};{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2FB9x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FB90|&amp;#x2fb90;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FB91|&amp;#x2fb91;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FB92|&amp;#x2fb92;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FB93|&amp;#x2fb93;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FB94|&amp;#x2fb94;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FB95|&amp;#x2fb95;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FB96|&amp;#x2fb96;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FB97|&amp;#x2fb97;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FB98|&amp;#x2fb98;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FB99|&amp;#x2fb99;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FB9A|&amp;#x2fb9a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FB9B|&amp;#x2fb9b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FB9C|&amp;#x2fb9c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FB9D|&amp;#x2fb9d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FB9E|&amp;#x2fb9e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FB9F|&amp;#x2fb9f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;{{19.0}};{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2FBAx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FBA0|&amp;#x2fba0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FBA1|&amp;#x2fba1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FBA2|&amp;#x2fba2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FBA3|&amp;#x2fba3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FBA4|&amp;#x2fba4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FBA5|&amp;#x2fba5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FBA6|&amp;#x2fba6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FBA7|&amp;#x2fba7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FBA8|&amp;#x2fba8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FBA9|&amp;#x2fba9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FBAA|&amp;#x2fbaa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FBAB|&amp;#x2fbab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FBAC|&amp;#x2fbac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FBAD|&amp;#x2fbad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FBAE|&amp;#x2fbae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FBAF|&amp;#x2fbaf;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;{{19.0}};{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2FBBx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FBB0|&amp;#x2fbb0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FBB1|&amp;#x2fbb1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FBB2|&amp;#x2fbb2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FBB3|&amp;#x2fbb3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FBB4|&amp;#x2fbb4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FBB5|&amp;#x2fbb5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FBB6|&amp;#x2fbb6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FBB7|&amp;#x2fbb7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FBB8|&amp;#x2fbb8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FBB9|&amp;#x2fbb9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FBBA|&amp;#x2fbba;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FBBB|&amp;#x2fbbb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FBBC|&amp;#x2fbbc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FBBD|&amp;#x2fbbd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FBBE|&amp;#x2fbbe;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FBBF|&amp;#x2fbbf;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;{{19.0}};{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2FBCx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FBC0|&amp;#x2fbc0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FBC1|&amp;#x2fbc1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FBC2|&amp;#x2fbc2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FBC3|&amp;#x2fbc3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FBC4|&amp;#x2fbc4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FBC5|&amp;#x2fbc5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FBC6|&amp;#x2fbc6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FBC7|&amp;#x2fbc7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FBC8|&amp;#x2fbc8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FBC9|&amp;#x2fbc9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FBCA|&amp;#x2fbca;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FBCB|&amp;#x2fbcb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FBCC|&amp;#x2fbcc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FBCD|&amp;#x2fbcd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FBCE|&amp;#x2fbce;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FBCF|&amp;#x2fbcf;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;{{19.0}};{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2FBDx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FBD0|&amp;#x2fbd0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FBD1|&amp;#x2fbd1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FBD2|&amp;#x2fbd2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FBD3|&amp;#x2fbd3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FBD4|&amp;#x2fbd4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FBD5|&amp;#x2fbd5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FBD6|&amp;#x2fbd6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FBD7|&amp;#x2fbd7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FBD8|&amp;#x2fbd8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FBD9|&amp;#x2fbd9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FBDA|&amp;#x2fbda;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FBDB|&amp;#x2fbdb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FBDC|&amp;#x2fbdc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FBDD|&amp;#x2fbdd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FBDE|&amp;#x2fbde;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FBDF|&amp;#x2fbdf;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;{{19.0}};{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2FBEx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FBE0|&amp;#x2fbe0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FBE1|&amp;#x2fbe1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FBE2|&amp;#x2fbe2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FBE3|&amp;#x2fbe3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FBE4|&amp;#x2fbe4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FBE5|&amp;#x2fbe5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FBE6|&amp;#x2fbe6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FBE7|&amp;#x2fbe7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FBE8|&amp;#x2fbe8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FBE9|&amp;#x2fbe9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FBEA|&amp;#x2fbea;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FBEB|&amp;#x2fbeb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FBEC|&amp;#x2fbec;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FBED|&amp;#x2fbed;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FBEE|&amp;#x2fbee;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FBEF|&amp;#x2fbef;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;{{19.0}};{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2FBFx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FBF0|&amp;#x2fbf0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FBF1|&amp;#x2fbf1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FBF2|&amp;#x2fbf2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FBF3|&amp;#x2fbf3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FBF4|&amp;#x2fbf4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FBF5|&amp;#x2fbf5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FBF6|&amp;#x2fbf6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FBF7|&amp;#x2fbf7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FBF8|&amp;#x2fbf8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FBF9|&amp;#x2fbf9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FBFA|&amp;#x2fbfa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FBFB|&amp;#x2fbfb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FBFC|&amp;#x2fbfc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FBFD|&amp;#x2fbfd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FBFE|&amp;#x2fbfe;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FBFF|&amp;#x2fbff;}}
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;{{19.0}};{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2FC0x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FC00|&amp;#x2fc00;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FC01|&amp;#x2fc01;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FC02|&amp;#x2fc02;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FC03|&amp;#x2fc03;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FC04|&amp;#x2fc04;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FC05|&amp;#x2fc05;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FC06|&amp;#x2fc06;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FC07|&amp;#x2fc07;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FC08|&amp;#x2fc08;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FC09|&amp;#x2fc09;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FC0A|&amp;#x2fc0a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FC0B|&amp;#x2fc0b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FC0C|&amp;#x2fc0c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FC0D|&amp;#x2fc0d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FC0E|&amp;#x2fc0e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FC0F|&amp;#x2fc0f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2FC1x
|style=&quot;{{19.0}}&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FC10|&amp;#x2fc10;}}||style=&quot;{{19.0}}&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FC11|&amp;#x2fc11;}}||style=&quot;{{19.0}}&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FC12|&amp;#x2fc12;}}||style=&quot;{{19.0}}&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FC13|&amp;#x2fc13;}}||style=&quot;{{19.0}}&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FC14|&amp;#x2fc14;}}||style=&quot;{{19.0}}&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FC15|&amp;#x2fc15;}}||style=&quot;{{19.0}}&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH COMPONENT-2FC16|&amp;#x2fc16;}}||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | ''Unassigned''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}}&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2FC2x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2FC3x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2FC4x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2FC5x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2FC6x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2FC7x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2FC8x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2FC9x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2FCAx
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2FCBx
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2FCCx
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2FCDx
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2FCEx
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2FCFx
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}}&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2FD0x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2FD1x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2FD2x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2FD3x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2FD4x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2FD5x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2FD6x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2FD7x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2FD8x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2FD9x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2FDAx
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2FDBx
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2FDCx
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2FDDx
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2FDEx
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2FDFx
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}}&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2FE0x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2FE1x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2FE2x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2FE3x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2FE4x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2FE5x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2FE6x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2FE7x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2FE8x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2FE9x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2FEAx
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2FEBx
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2FECx
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2FEDx
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2FEEx
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2FEFx
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}}&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2FF0x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2FF1x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2FF2x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2FF3x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2FF4x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2FF5x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2FF6x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2FF7x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2FF8x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2FF9x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2FFAx
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2FFBx
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2FFCx
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2FFDx
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2FFEx
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}}&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}}&quot;|2FFFx
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#000000;color:white;&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#000000;color:white;&quot;|&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}}&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|}
{{:Unicode/Character/footer}}</text>
      <sha1>7x1s814ienpx4dul293bfd4elmjm1do</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Cookbook:Tempe Mendoan I</title>
    <ns>102</ns>
    <id>124412</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4680603</id>
      <parentid>4514346</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-07T01:41:07Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Kittycataclysm</username>
        <id>3371989</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>added [[Category:Recipes using tempeh]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]]</comment>
      <origin>4680603</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2173" sha1="9uo7vawfje6qw1i86vdqk771mjkl1fp" xml:space="preserve">{{Recipe summary
| Category = Fried recipes
| Difficulty = 2
| Image = [[File:Tempe mendoan fried tempeh.jpg|300px]]
}}

{{recipe}} | [[Cookbook:Cuisine of Indonesia|Cuisine of Indonesia]]

'''Tempe mendoan''' is a dish made from thin tempeh, fried with flour so as to taste deliciously piquant. Traditionally in the Banyumas territory, tempe mendoan was made from thin, wide tempeh, one or two sheets cooked at a time. However, tempe mendoan also could be made from normal tempeh that was sliced very thin but wide.

== Ingredients ==
* 100 g [[Cookbook:Rice Flour|rice flour]]
* 1 [[Cookbook:Tablespoon|tbsp]] [[Cookbook:Flour#Wheat Flour|wheat flour]]
* 2 cloves of [[Cookbook:Garlic|garlic]]
* 1 piece [[Cookbook:Shallot|shallot]], ground
* 1 [[Cookbook:Teaspoon|tsp]] [[Cookbook:Coriander|coriander]], ground
* ¼ tsp [[Cookbook:Pepper|white pepper]], ground
* 2 tsp [[Cookbook:Salt|salt]]
* 125 [[Cookbook:mL|ml]] [[Cookbook:Water|water]]
* 2 pieces [[Cookbook:Green onion|green onion]], thinly [[Cookbook:Slicing|sliced]]
* 300 [[Cookbook:Gram|g]] [[Cookbook:Tempeh|tempeh]], size 10&amp;times;15 cm
* ½ ml [[Cookbook:Oil|cooking oil]]

== Procedure ==
# Combine rice flour, wheat flour, garlic, shallot, coriander, pepper, salt, water, and green onion to make a thin [[Cookbook:Batter|batter]].
# Dip each piece of tempeh into the batter, and coat entirely.
# Warm the oil in a [[Cookbook:Frying Pan|frying pan]], and put it on the stove until hot. Put each piece of coated tempeh into hot oil.
# [[Cookbook:Deep Fat Frying|Fry]] the tempeh until hardened and well done. Don't wait until it becomes yellow and crispy.
# Remove the tempeh from the oil, letting the oil drip from the tempeh so that there is not much oil on it.
# Serve tempeh with [[Cookbook:Soy Sauce|soy bean sauce]] and sliced small [[Cookbook:Chili Pepper|chilies]].

[[Category:Indonesian recipes]]
[[Category:Recipes using soy]]
[[Category:Fried recipes]]
[[Category:Vegan recipes]]
[[Category:Recipes using coriander]]
[[Category:Recipes using wheat flour]]
[[Category:Recipes using rice flour]]
[[Category:Recipes using green onion]]
[[Category:Recipes using tempeh]]

[[id:Resep:Tempe Mendoan]]</text>
      <sha1>9uo7vawfje6qw1i86vdqk771mjkl1fp</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Overview of Theology/Creation</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>130405</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4680564</id>
      <parentid>4094266</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T20:33:29Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Theologiministry89</username>
        <id>3628311</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Genesis 1:1 creatio ex nihilo</comment>
      <origin>4680564</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="13460" sha1="hsrtkmrywkmj7jfj615yvg6kegdcyfw" xml:space="preserve">==What is theology?==
Human beings are essentially social animals. Social animals operate in groups, packs or tribes. Usually individuals are linked by family connections to an 'alpha male' who provides tactical leadership. Provided this leadership increases the probability of success for individual members as well as for himself he will earn respect. Humans uniquely have the ability to formulate long-term strategic plans and communicate complex ideas which has made our species the most successful of all living creatures on this planet. Leadership is crucial to human success. The model of parental superiority is implicit from birth, as the infant human is incapable of independent survival. A hierarchical 'chain of command' with delegated responsibilities and privileges thus emerged naturally and early in human history. Ancestor worship is a form of hierarchical deference to wise (but dead) former leaders. 

===Death===
Theories about what happens after death - if there is a human spirit or soul capable of surviving the body is important to people. Should former leaders influence their survivors? Is  there  somewhere an unseen community of the dead or some sort of super-spirit capable of communicating with the living?  These ideas matter because people believe in these theories, and those beliefs, true or false, do indeed alter our behavior according to the expected reward or punishment. A trader trades with the expectation to be paid 'fairly'. If not, then a 'higher authority' - either the police or the judiciary will be expected to apply influence. A religious person may give alms, or take up arms without expectation of any earthly benefit, expecting instead 'a good feeling' now followed by a certain reward 'in heaven'. 

===Life===
Most religions use the 'external influence' of unseen forces to mold habits that led to successful survival. War is a human strategic invention that allows the winning side to take the riches of the losers, who may be killed or enslaved. War is dangerous for individuals, but not for armies or communities as a whole as long as they are successful defenders or colonizers. Individual warriors have to be assured they will receive their reward at the close of battle or else 'in the afterlife' if they are brave and do as they are told without question. The corollary is that if a warrior is cowardly or disobedient he will first be be killed and tormented 'in the afterlife'.   
===The purpose of Religion===
Obviously an individual person who is able to successfully steal from 'outsiders' and enslave 'foreigners' will accumulate worldly wealth and attract predatory competitors. The same is true of criminal gangs and nation states. The successful strategy is therefore to distinguish 'right' and 'wrong' behavior between 'us' within a group and 'them' - our potential victims. As human societies became more complex the definitions of who was 'inside' (warriors certainly, but what about children, wives, slaves, friendly tribes.....?) as well as the context in which 'right' and 'wrong' might be judged and rewarded (or punished) became a problem requiring study and the evolution of clear rules, which we call theology. When may a warrior legally kill? What is 'just cause' war as distinguished from a criminal enterprise.....
== Types of religion==
Religions generally demand respect for parents, elders and certain wise or brave leaders. Hierarchical power structures culminate in monotheism, where a supreme, all-wise, ever-present but undetectable God monitors a believers' every thought and action.  The contrary view is of polytheism, where many gods deny supremacy to any person or deity. Universal democracy is a form of this, since every elector is an individual, but the average of their collective will (eventually) reign supreme. Rather than respecting the personal wishes of a king or president, democrats require their leaders to conform to their collective will, and punish those who abuse their delegated power. Neither absolute personal princely power nor absolute democracy is very efficient, and most societies strike a balance - The United States of America and the Republic of France have powerful presidents, but their term of office is very short. Conversely the monarchs of the Kingdoms of Spain and Britain rule 'for life' but they have very little power or freedom although their experience may lend them a certain moral authority. 

===Religion and Law===
The European Union has a power structure so complex that it is almost beyond understanding, and relies on the free-will of individual nation states to execute its directives, and rewards or punishes member states rather than their individual citizens. European and International Law emerged mostly from the Judeo-Christian traditions illuminated by some notable Muslim interpretations which evolved around the Iberian peninsula. International law is in one sense a form of religion binding in other religions in order to discourage predatory adventures, racism and genocide, whilst equally encouraging communication, trade and individual human rights guaranteed by the state in which people reside. Not all states subscribe to international law, and some that do place their own theocracy or judiciary above international courts. The USA for example does not submit itself to international scrutiny nor require nor allow its citizens to submit to any legal code except its own constitution. Similarly many Muslim countries apply Sharia (interpretive) contextual judgments rather than impose the rather stark international (codified) law.


== Christianity ==
The Creation in Christianity is based in the book of Genesis. Christians believe this book accurately depicts the creation.   
Genesis is  written in a poetic form, and is presumed to have been inspired by God. It illustrates the creation from the point of view of the Jewish culture and its people. There is an argument amongst Christians as to if it was was written as a parable (evolution via intelligent design) or as a literal truth (which creationists aver).
Most holy scripture is both historically ancient and tends to be  in a mythological language style. Genesis first appeared about three thousand years ago in the tenth century Before the Common Epoch (BC) probably during the reign af King Solomon, and it appears to have been written,re-written, translated and reinterpreted by many authors with different intentions. 
Genesis is not a scientific document, since 'the scientific method' was invented much later (in Baghdad around 7th to 10th century After the common epoch (AC)), Therefore, despite the claims of creationists, it could not explain the creation in scientific terms. Genesis is then a religious document that explain certain spiritual ideas which believers accept as 'true' from a religious and spiritual point of view.

There are many different interpretations about the Genesis from many different Christian denominations.

===Historical or spiritual truth?===
One such interpretation would state that although the book of Genesis does contain poetry and other types of literary devices, it is primarily a historical narrative of how God brought about the beginning of the universe, mankind, the beginning of the Chosen nation of Israel and how 'He' (God) set the wheels in motion for the beginning of his grace after mankind brought about the beginning of sin.  It is a book of beginnings, as is reflected in the title of the book, Bereshith (In the beginning).  Furthermore, for believers, it is more than merely a religious document that explains spiritual truths from a religious point of view.  They accept Genesis as a true historical narrative that reveals the reality of who God is, what he has done in history, and where man came from, how mankind fell into sin, the effects of the fall, and how God has chosen to redeem his chosen people through the Jewish people and his covenant, and ultimately, how He set into motion, the redemption of the elect which would eventually be His Church.
Right and wrong behaviors, just rewards and punishments are exemplified throughout the first five scriptural books (Jewish Torah or Christian Pentateuch) of which Genesis is the opening salvo. 
===[[Interpretations of Quantum Mechanics and Quantum Field Theory/Many-worlds Interpretation|Interpretation]]===
There are several points of differing interpretations within Christian Theology about the actual creation narrative itself.  The first debate begins within the very first word of the very first verse: Bereshith.  The problem arises in the interpretation of the translation.  Whereas, it could be translated &quot;In a beginning&quot; (using an indefinite article - one of many), most scholars will translate it as &quot;In the Beginning&quot; (definite article and therefore the unique story).  This may not seem like a big issue until one moves to the second verse and deals with the translation of the Hebrew word, Hayathah.  There are two legitimate translations of this word, which are, &quot;It was&quot; and &quot;It became&quot;.  If one goes with the former translation, it is clear that this is interpreted as one creation that simply continues the narrative of verse one and translates Bereshith as &quot;In the Beginning&quot;.  If one goes with the latter translation, then this would open the possibility for many different creations and the Gap theory, and would continue the narrative of verse one  which translates Bereshith as &quot;In a Beginning&quot;.  While, the Gap Theorists will point to many creation stories in the ancient world outside of the Jewish narrative as evidence of many creations, proponents of one creation will state that the context of the narrative does not lend itself to a Gap Theory.  The primary context of the narrative is not to tell us how many creations there were, but rather, that God is the one who created the beginning and was the one who was before time (eternal).  It further states that the context is to tell us about the beginning of man, sin, God' covenant, and God's law, and God's redemption of sinful man. The purpose of the writers of Genesis has always been to define 'right' and wrong' interactions (bestowing blessings and sins), how we humans may 'justly' reward and punish each other during our lives, and how (post mortem) we will ourselves eventually receive divine justice calculated and delivered 'fairly and utterly' by a unique and omnipotent God who has an exact record of our every passing moment. 

===History or Poetry?===
The next interpretive issue revolves around the chronological or historical timing of creation.  There are scholars who firmly believe  that creation must have occurred no longer than about 12,000 years ago.  This date may be approximately  deduced from the genealogies given later in Genesis, and on a literal interpretation of a seven days of 24 hours cycle of creation.  One of the major reasons that many Christians hold to this interpretation is that they want to deflect the teachings of 'chance' or Darwinian evolution. If creation of life on earth was simply chance then the fossil records and carbon dating techniques  would predate Genesis and date the world back to millions of years. God would then become merely decorative and cultural within human life rather than truly authoritative and believable source of all things and all-knowing. Contrary to Genesis report of mankind created and completed in an instant Darwin would allow for a gradual emergence of each species (including mankind) over millions of years.  Many faithful Christians, however, would argue that the timing is not of primary importance and that Genesis  explains WHY things are as they are, and so is compatible with,  not in conflict with science, which only explains how things may have become as they are. The actual sequence and timing being immaterial to religious purpose.  Whether  mankind emerged within a seven day cycle or over millions of years, the primary purpose if Genesis is to confirm that God is eternal and is the one agent who created everything.  One argument against the seven 24 hour period of time is that the sun and the moon were not apparently created until the fourth day, and these are essential elements in the measurement of time,  the seasons, and the years.  Another argument revolves around the word &quot;Yom&quot; which can be translated either as 'a day' or used to indicate some undefined period of time.  A third argument is based on the New Testament text which clarifies time as it is understood by God (2 Peter 3:8).  One thing is certain in believers minds is that, whether mankind emerged gradually over millions of years or was created in a split second, there was  God who existed before time as we humans understand it, and it was God who created all things in accordance with divine will.  


{{BookCat}} The book of Genesis explains the biblical creation by the creator and the master of the grand design experiment of the universe and the creation of the universe out of nothing means creatio ex nihilo by the word of God instituted into the frames of speech and numbers and existence of the reality as the desire of the God to bestow as the space -time universe, matter and energy associated with the heavens and the earth at the time of creation, origin of the universe at t=0, where physics and metaphysics fails to answer about the reality and existence of the universe and the creation of the universe in 7 nodes.chapter 1 and the verse1</text>
      <sha1>hsrtkmrywkmj7jfj615yvg6kegdcyfw</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Wikibooks:Reading room/Administrative Assistance</title>
    <ns>4</ns>
    <id>140081</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4680613</id>
      <parentid>4680282</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-07T02:26:05Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>MathXplore</username>
        <id>3097823</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Special:IPContributions/170.185.36.211/16 */ new topic ([[mw:c:Special:MyLanguage/User:JWBTH/CD|CD]])</comment>
      <origin>4680613</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="7730" sha1="dwifxpe8jeznxs5n5oyo0m3yj38nwmq" xml:space="preserve">{{/Header}} {{User:MiszaBot/config
|archive = Wikibooks:Reading room/Administrative Assistance/Archives/%(year)d/%(monthname)s
|algo = old(14d)
|counter = 1
|minthreadstoarchive = 1
|minthreadsleft = 1
}}

== Wanjigires reported by MathXplore ==

* {{userlinks|Wanjigires}}

Link spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/316338]] &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Wanjigires/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 04:22, 24 October 2026 (UTC)
== Hoquangvinh70 reported by MathsScienceNerd1 ==

* {{userlinks|Hoquangvinh70}}

Link spam, see userpage &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Hoquangvinh70/ --&gt; [[User:MathsScienceNerd1|MathsScienceNerd1]] ([[User talk:MathsScienceNerd1|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathsScienceNerd1|contribs]]) 12:44, 24 October 2026 (UTC)

== Help ==

I need help with the contributions of user [[User:Ԛѣуех|Ԛѣуех]]. I initially rollbacked the edits because it was vandalism, which I later reverted, because it was a misclick. Though, looking at the diff, it looks as if it was vandalism, so I reverted my edit. Could a moderator please check if it was vandalism/ test edit, because I am not too sure. [[User:MathsScienceNerd1|MathsScienceNerd1]] ([[User talk:MathsScienceNerd1|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathsScienceNerd1|contribs]]) 04:19, 25 October 2026 (UTC)
== ~2026-57615-63 reported by MathXplore ==

* {{anonlinks|~2026-57615-63}}

vandalism &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/~2026-57615-63/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:46, 28 October 2026 (UTC)

:{{done}} ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;v&lt;/span&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 23:21, 28 October 2026 (UTC)
== Ruchichuahan reported by MathsScienceNerd1 ==

* {{userlinks|Ruchichuahan}}

Advertisement, spam &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Ruchichuahan/ --&gt; [[User:MathsScienceNerd1|MathsScienceNerd1]] ([[User talk:MathsScienceNerd1|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathsScienceNerd1|contribs]]) 07:28, 29 October 2026 (UTC)

:{{done}} ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;v&lt;/span&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 14:05, 29 October 2026 (UTC)
== BoiaBoiaMans reported by Morkoz ==
* {{userlinks|BoiaBoiaMans}}

Long-term abuse. &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/BoiaBoiaMans/ --&gt; [[User:Morkoz|Morkoz]] ([[User talk:Morkoz|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Morkoz|contribs]]) 19:23, 1 November 2026 (UTC)

:{{done|Globally locked}} —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 20:08, 2 November 2026 (UTC)

== CU Request ==
@[[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] can I get a CU on the following, who are mass-creating pages with thematic overlap?
&lt;div style=&quot;column-count: 3&quot;&gt;
* [[User:Ruby Rupshikha Meher/sandbox]]
* [[User:KushKumar46/sandbox]]
* [[User:Surajshinde2005/sandbox]]
* [[User:Tangirala Pavan kumar reddy/sandbox]]
* [[User:D542006P/sandbox/Time Division Multiplexing]]
* [[User:Apsohal/sandbox]]
* [[User:Gang tribute/sandbox]]
* [[User:Shoobisediting/sandbox]]
* [[User:Anandu SN/sandbox]]
* [[User:YubiIsthere/sandbox]]
* [[User:Raginikumari123/sandbox]]
* [[User:Sandeep912133/sandbox]]
* [[User:SandeepLPU/sandbox]]
* [[User:Bodepalli reddy/sandbox]]
* [[User:Badepalli praveen kumar reddy/sandbox]]
* [[User:Eren Reddy/sandbox]]
* [[User:Hayan R/sandbox]]
* [[User:Abhi9441/sandbox]]
* [[User:Dhillonnn/sandbox]]
* [[User:Ritwik2418/sandbox]]
* [[User:Akshgoel/sandbox]]
* [[User:Shubham1240/sandbox]]
* [[User:Cornor-02/sandbox]]
* [[User:Dhanush0715/sandbox]]
* [[User:Bojja Mahesh Yadav/sandbox]]
* [[User:KashyavPradhan07/sandbox]]
* [[User:Sarabjitlpu/sandbox]]
* [[User:AmeenSharaf007/sandbox]]
* [[User:QuillNova/sandbox]]
* [[User:Avishkar pathak/sandbox]]
* [[User:Reyansh68/sandbox2]]
* [[User:Bojja Mahesh Yadav/sandbox/Introduction]]
* [[User:PushpenderSingh369/sandbox/ArUco Markers]]
* [[User:Atharv Karande]]
* [[User:Bojja Mahesh Yadav/sandbox/1.4 Objectives of the Study]]
* [[User:Wikilalithbook/sandbox]]
* [[User:Aditya31Raj/sandbox]]
* [[User:Deepakdasari09/sandbox]]
* [[User:Ronak0830/sandbox]]
* [[User:Chand2006/sandbox]]
* [[User:Parmindersingh0830/sandbox]]
* [[User:Sonupandit2580/sandbox]]
* [[User:Thanuj1212/Power Electronics in Electric Vehicles]]&lt;/div&gt;

Thank you! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 19:47, 3 November 2026 (UTC)

:I have assumed it is a school or educational project, but I will take a closer look. [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 12:15, 4 November 2026 (UTC). 
:The accounts appear to be related, but not closely enough to be socks. I suspect they are students editing from the same institution on a range of devices. The main issue here seems to be the use of LLMs to create garbage that might then get pasted into a book. Unfortunately it is difficult to communicate with a large group like this. Usually their teacher also creates an account, but I haven't been able to identify one. [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 12:21, 4 November 2026 (UTC)
::Thank you for checking! I was also suspecting something similar, and the mass low-quality content addition isn't great. I've mentioned this elsewhere on wiki, but I've noticed accounts taking advantage of the fact that we're more lenient about sandbox content as a loophole to protect against genAI content deletion. I'm inclined to enforce the AI content ban in sandboxes too, since it can't exactly become &quot;un-generated&quot; by AI, and it would be problematic for it to wind up in mainspace. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 20:01, 4 November 2026 (UTC)
:::I've deleted a bunch of these. @[[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] @[[User:JJPMaster|JJPMaster]] is there any way to use the edit filter for this? —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 15:10, 5 November 2026 (UTC)
:::: Please email me the specific content/titles, and I'll see what I can do. Thanks. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 15:11, 5 November 2026 (UTC)

== Report concerning [[Special:Contribs/~2026-58721-39|~2026-58721-39]] ==
Vandalism, removing content from pages. [[User:Veritas Sapientiae|Veritas Sapientiae]] ([[User talk:Veritas Sapientiae|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Veritas Sapientiae|contribs]]) 08:13, 4 November 2026 (UTC)

:{{done}} ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;v&lt;/span&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 14:04, 4 November 2026 (UTC)

== [[Special:IPContributions/170.185.36.211/16]] ==
'''Reason for reporting:''' cross-wiki abuse ([[:v:Special:IPContributions/170.185.36.211/16]], Cc: {{Reply to|Koavf|Codename Noreste}}, Wikiversity custodians) [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 02:26, 7 November 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>dwifxpe8jeznxs5n5oyo0m3yj38nwmq</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4680614</id>
      <parentid>4680613</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-07T02:38:53Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Codename Noreste</username>
        <id>3441010</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Special:IPContributions/170.185.36.211/16 */ reply: {{done}}. (-) ([[mw:c:Special:MyLanguage/User:JWBTH/CD|CD]])</comment>
      <origin>4680614</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="7892" sha1="co052n0q6xnty2ii233y6mlxp6umruh" xml:space="preserve">{{/Header}} {{User:MiszaBot/config
|archive = Wikibooks:Reading room/Administrative Assistance/Archives/%(year)d/%(monthname)s
|algo = old(14d)
|counter = 1
|minthreadstoarchive = 1
|minthreadsleft = 1
}}

== Wanjigires reported by MathXplore ==

* {{userlinks|Wanjigires}}

Link spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/316338]] &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Wanjigires/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 04:22, 24 October 2026 (UTC)
== Hoquangvinh70 reported by MathsScienceNerd1 ==

* {{userlinks|Hoquangvinh70}}

Link spam, see userpage &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Hoquangvinh70/ --&gt; [[User:MathsScienceNerd1|MathsScienceNerd1]] ([[User talk:MathsScienceNerd1|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathsScienceNerd1|contribs]]) 12:44, 24 October 2026 (UTC)

== Help ==

I need help with the contributions of user [[User:Ԛѣуех|Ԛѣуех]]. I initially rollbacked the edits because it was vandalism, which I later reverted, because it was a misclick. Though, looking at the diff, it looks as if it was vandalism, so I reverted my edit. Could a moderator please check if it was vandalism/ test edit, because I am not too sure. [[User:MathsScienceNerd1|MathsScienceNerd1]] ([[User talk:MathsScienceNerd1|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathsScienceNerd1|contribs]]) 04:19, 25 October 2026 (UTC)
== ~2026-57615-63 reported by MathXplore ==

* {{anonlinks|~2026-57615-63}}

vandalism &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/~2026-57615-63/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:46, 28 October 2026 (UTC)

:{{done}} ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;v&lt;/span&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 23:21, 28 October 2026 (UTC)
== Ruchichuahan reported by MathsScienceNerd1 ==

* {{userlinks|Ruchichuahan}}

Advertisement, spam &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Ruchichuahan/ --&gt; [[User:MathsScienceNerd1|MathsScienceNerd1]] ([[User talk:MathsScienceNerd1|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathsScienceNerd1|contribs]]) 07:28, 29 October 2026 (UTC)

:{{done}} ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;v&lt;/span&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 14:05, 29 October 2026 (UTC)
== BoiaBoiaMans reported by Morkoz ==
* {{userlinks|BoiaBoiaMans}}

Long-term abuse. &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/BoiaBoiaMans/ --&gt; [[User:Morkoz|Morkoz]] ([[User talk:Morkoz|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Morkoz|contribs]]) 19:23, 1 November 2026 (UTC)

:{{done|Globally locked}} —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 20:08, 2 November 2026 (UTC)

== CU Request ==
@[[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] can I get a CU on the following, who are mass-creating pages with thematic overlap?
&lt;div style=&quot;column-count: 3&quot;&gt;
* [[User:Ruby Rupshikha Meher/sandbox]]
* [[User:KushKumar46/sandbox]]
* [[User:Surajshinde2005/sandbox]]
* [[User:Tangirala Pavan kumar reddy/sandbox]]
* [[User:D542006P/sandbox/Time Division Multiplexing]]
* [[User:Apsohal/sandbox]]
* [[User:Gang tribute/sandbox]]
* [[User:Shoobisediting/sandbox]]
* [[User:Anandu SN/sandbox]]
* [[User:YubiIsthere/sandbox]]
* [[User:Raginikumari123/sandbox]]
* [[User:Sandeep912133/sandbox]]
* [[User:SandeepLPU/sandbox]]
* [[User:Bodepalli reddy/sandbox]]
* [[User:Badepalli praveen kumar reddy/sandbox]]
* [[User:Eren Reddy/sandbox]]
* [[User:Hayan R/sandbox]]
* [[User:Abhi9441/sandbox]]
* [[User:Dhillonnn/sandbox]]
* [[User:Ritwik2418/sandbox]]
* [[User:Akshgoel/sandbox]]
* [[User:Shubham1240/sandbox]]
* [[User:Cornor-02/sandbox]]
* [[User:Dhanush0715/sandbox]]
* [[User:Bojja Mahesh Yadav/sandbox]]
* [[User:KashyavPradhan07/sandbox]]
* [[User:Sarabjitlpu/sandbox]]
* [[User:AmeenSharaf007/sandbox]]
* [[User:QuillNova/sandbox]]
* [[User:Avishkar pathak/sandbox]]
* [[User:Reyansh68/sandbox2]]
* [[User:Bojja Mahesh Yadav/sandbox/Introduction]]
* [[User:PushpenderSingh369/sandbox/ArUco Markers]]
* [[User:Atharv Karande]]
* [[User:Bojja Mahesh Yadav/sandbox/1.4 Objectives of the Study]]
* [[User:Wikilalithbook/sandbox]]
* [[User:Aditya31Raj/sandbox]]
* [[User:Deepakdasari09/sandbox]]
* [[User:Ronak0830/sandbox]]
* [[User:Chand2006/sandbox]]
* [[User:Parmindersingh0830/sandbox]]
* [[User:Sonupandit2580/sandbox]]
* [[User:Thanuj1212/Power Electronics in Electric Vehicles]]&lt;/div&gt;

Thank you! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 19:47, 3 November 2026 (UTC)

:I have assumed it is a school or educational project, but I will take a closer look. [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 12:15, 4 November 2026 (UTC). 
:The accounts appear to be related, but not closely enough to be socks. I suspect they are students editing from the same institution on a range of devices. The main issue here seems to be the use of LLMs to create garbage that might then get pasted into a book. Unfortunately it is difficult to communicate with a large group like this. Usually their teacher also creates an account, but I haven't been able to identify one. [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 12:21, 4 November 2026 (UTC)
::Thank you for checking! I was also suspecting something similar, and the mass low-quality content addition isn't great. I've mentioned this elsewhere on wiki, but I've noticed accounts taking advantage of the fact that we're more lenient about sandbox content as a loophole to protect against genAI content deletion. I'm inclined to enforce the AI content ban in sandboxes too, since it can't exactly become &quot;un-generated&quot; by AI, and it would be problematic for it to wind up in mainspace. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 20:01, 4 November 2026 (UTC)
:::I've deleted a bunch of these. @[[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] @[[User:JJPMaster|JJPMaster]] is there any way to use the edit filter for this? —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 15:10, 5 November 2026 (UTC)
:::: Please email me the specific content/titles, and I'll see what I can do. Thanks. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 15:11, 5 November 2026 (UTC)

== Report concerning [[Special:Contribs/~2026-58721-39|~2026-58721-39]] ==
Vandalism, removing content from pages. [[User:Veritas Sapientiae|Veritas Sapientiae]] ([[User talk:Veritas Sapientiae|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Veritas Sapientiae|contribs]]) 08:13, 4 November 2026 (UTC)

:{{done}} ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;v&lt;/span&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 14:04, 4 November 2026 (UTC)

== [[Special:IPContributions/170.185.36.211/16]] ==
'''Reason for reporting:''' cross-wiki abuse ([[:v:Special:IPContributions/170.185.36.211/16]], Cc: {{Reply to|Koavf|Codename Noreste}}, Wikiversity custodians) [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 02:26, 7 November 2026 (UTC)
: {{done}}. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 02:38, 7 November 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>co052n0q6xnty2ii233y6mlxp6umruh</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4680615</id>
      <parentid>4680614</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-07T02:39:10Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Koavf</username>
        <id>16549</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Special:IPContributions/170.185.36.211/16 */ Reply</comment>
      <origin>4680615</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="8194" sha1="7cphh6rhczai8260pve9lvpkohlpylk" xml:space="preserve">{{/Header}} {{User:MiszaBot/config
|archive = Wikibooks:Reading room/Administrative Assistance/Archives/%(year)d/%(monthname)s
|algo = old(14d)
|counter = 1
|minthreadstoarchive = 1
|minthreadsleft = 1
}}

== Wanjigires reported by MathXplore ==

* {{userlinks|Wanjigires}}

Link spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/316338]] &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Wanjigires/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 04:22, 24 October 2026 (UTC)
== Hoquangvinh70 reported by MathsScienceNerd1 ==

* {{userlinks|Hoquangvinh70}}

Link spam, see userpage &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Hoquangvinh70/ --&gt; [[User:MathsScienceNerd1|MathsScienceNerd1]] ([[User talk:MathsScienceNerd1|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathsScienceNerd1|contribs]]) 12:44, 24 October 2026 (UTC)

== Help ==

I need help with the contributions of user [[User:Ԛѣуех|Ԛѣуех]]. I initially rollbacked the edits because it was vandalism, which I later reverted, because it was a misclick. Though, looking at the diff, it looks as if it was vandalism, so I reverted my edit. Could a moderator please check if it was vandalism/ test edit, because I am not too sure. [[User:MathsScienceNerd1|MathsScienceNerd1]] ([[User talk:MathsScienceNerd1|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathsScienceNerd1|contribs]]) 04:19, 25 October 2026 (UTC)
== ~2026-57615-63 reported by MathXplore ==

* {{anonlinks|~2026-57615-63}}

vandalism &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/~2026-57615-63/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:46, 28 October 2026 (UTC)

:{{done}} ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;v&lt;/span&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 23:21, 28 October 2026 (UTC)
== Ruchichuahan reported by MathsScienceNerd1 ==

* {{userlinks|Ruchichuahan}}

Advertisement, spam &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Ruchichuahan/ --&gt; [[User:MathsScienceNerd1|MathsScienceNerd1]] ([[User talk:MathsScienceNerd1|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathsScienceNerd1|contribs]]) 07:28, 29 October 2026 (UTC)

:{{done}} ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;v&lt;/span&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 14:05, 29 October 2026 (UTC)
== BoiaBoiaMans reported by Morkoz ==
* {{userlinks|BoiaBoiaMans}}

Long-term abuse. &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/BoiaBoiaMans/ --&gt; [[User:Morkoz|Morkoz]] ([[User talk:Morkoz|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Morkoz|contribs]]) 19:23, 1 November 2026 (UTC)

:{{done|Globally locked}} —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 20:08, 2 November 2026 (UTC)

== CU Request ==
@[[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] can I get a CU on the following, who are mass-creating pages with thematic overlap?
&lt;div style=&quot;column-count: 3&quot;&gt;
* [[User:Ruby Rupshikha Meher/sandbox]]
* [[User:KushKumar46/sandbox]]
* [[User:Surajshinde2005/sandbox]]
* [[User:Tangirala Pavan kumar reddy/sandbox]]
* [[User:D542006P/sandbox/Time Division Multiplexing]]
* [[User:Apsohal/sandbox]]
* [[User:Gang tribute/sandbox]]
* [[User:Shoobisediting/sandbox]]
* [[User:Anandu SN/sandbox]]
* [[User:YubiIsthere/sandbox]]
* [[User:Raginikumari123/sandbox]]
* [[User:Sandeep912133/sandbox]]
* [[User:SandeepLPU/sandbox]]
* [[User:Bodepalli reddy/sandbox]]
* [[User:Badepalli praveen kumar reddy/sandbox]]
* [[User:Eren Reddy/sandbox]]
* [[User:Hayan R/sandbox]]
* [[User:Abhi9441/sandbox]]
* [[User:Dhillonnn/sandbox]]
* [[User:Ritwik2418/sandbox]]
* [[User:Akshgoel/sandbox]]
* [[User:Shubham1240/sandbox]]
* [[User:Cornor-02/sandbox]]
* [[User:Dhanush0715/sandbox]]
* [[User:Bojja Mahesh Yadav/sandbox]]
* [[User:KashyavPradhan07/sandbox]]
* [[User:Sarabjitlpu/sandbox]]
* [[User:AmeenSharaf007/sandbox]]
* [[User:QuillNova/sandbox]]
* [[User:Avishkar pathak/sandbox]]
* [[User:Reyansh68/sandbox2]]
* [[User:Bojja Mahesh Yadav/sandbox/Introduction]]
* [[User:PushpenderSingh369/sandbox/ArUco Markers]]
* [[User:Atharv Karande]]
* [[User:Bojja Mahesh Yadav/sandbox/1.4 Objectives of the Study]]
* [[User:Wikilalithbook/sandbox]]
* [[User:Aditya31Raj/sandbox]]
* [[User:Deepakdasari09/sandbox]]
* [[User:Ronak0830/sandbox]]
* [[User:Chand2006/sandbox]]
* [[User:Parmindersingh0830/sandbox]]
* [[User:Sonupandit2580/sandbox]]
* [[User:Thanuj1212/Power Electronics in Electric Vehicles]]&lt;/div&gt;

Thank you! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 19:47, 3 November 2026 (UTC)

:I have assumed it is a school or educational project, but I will take a closer look. [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 12:15, 4 November 2026 (UTC). 
:The accounts appear to be related, but not closely enough to be socks. I suspect they are students editing from the same institution on a range of devices. The main issue here seems to be the use of LLMs to create garbage that might then get pasted into a book. Unfortunately it is difficult to communicate with a large group like this. Usually their teacher also creates an account, but I haven't been able to identify one. [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 12:21, 4 November 2026 (UTC)
::Thank you for checking! I was also suspecting something similar, and the mass low-quality content addition isn't great. I've mentioned this elsewhere on wiki, but I've noticed accounts taking advantage of the fact that we're more lenient about sandbox content as a loophole to protect against genAI content deletion. I'm inclined to enforce the AI content ban in sandboxes too, since it can't exactly become &quot;un-generated&quot; by AI, and it would be problematic for it to wind up in mainspace. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 20:01, 4 November 2026 (UTC)
:::I've deleted a bunch of these. @[[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] @[[User:JJPMaster|JJPMaster]] is there any way to use the edit filter for this? —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 15:10, 5 November 2026 (UTC)
:::: Please email me the specific content/titles, and I'll see what I can do. Thanks. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 15:11, 5 November 2026 (UTC)

== Report concerning [[Special:Contribs/~2026-58721-39|~2026-58721-39]] ==
Vandalism, removing content from pages. [[User:Veritas Sapientiae|Veritas Sapientiae]] ([[User talk:Veritas Sapientiae|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Veritas Sapientiae|contribs]]) 08:13, 4 November 2026 (UTC)

:{{done}} ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;v&lt;/span&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 14:04, 4 November 2026 (UTC)

== [[Special:IPContributions/170.185.36.211/16]] ==
'''Reason for reporting:''' cross-wiki abuse ([[:v:Special:IPContributions/170.185.36.211/16]], Cc: {{Reply to|Koavf|Codename Noreste}}, Wikiversity custodians) [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 02:26, 7 November 2026 (UTC)
: {{done}}. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 02:38, 7 November 2026 (UTC)
:{{done}}/doing here and at en.wv. Thanks. ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;v&lt;/span&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 02:39, 7 November 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>7cphh6rhczai8260pve9lvpkohlpylk</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4680633</id>
      <parentid>4680615</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-07T08:10:39Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ArchiverBot</username>
        <id>1227662</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Bot: Archiving 1 thread (older than 14 days) to [[Wikibooks:Reading room/Administrative Assistance/Archives/2026/October]]</comment>
      <origin>4680633</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="7910" sha1="a9nfck3wgpsyvu4w3v972hfevm04wex" xml:space="preserve">{{/Header}} {{User:MiszaBot/config
|archive = Wikibooks:Reading room/Administrative Assistance/Archives/%(year)d/%(monthname)s
|algo = old(14d)
|counter = 1
|minthreadstoarchive = 1
|minthreadsleft = 1
}}

== Hoquangvinh70 reported by MathsScienceNerd1 ==

* {{userlinks|Hoquangvinh70}}

Link spam, see userpage &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Hoquangvinh70/ --&gt; [[User:MathsScienceNerd1|MathsScienceNerd1]] ([[User talk:MathsScienceNerd1|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathsScienceNerd1|contribs]]) 12:44, 24 October 2026 (UTC)

== Help ==

I need help with the contributions of user [[User:Ԛѣуех|Ԛѣуех]]. I initially rollbacked the edits because it was vandalism, which I later reverted, because it was a misclick. Though, looking at the diff, it looks as if it was vandalism, so I reverted my edit. Could a moderator please check if it was vandalism/ test edit, because I am not too sure. [[User:MathsScienceNerd1|MathsScienceNerd1]] ([[User talk:MathsScienceNerd1|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathsScienceNerd1|contribs]]) 04:19, 25 October 2026 (UTC)
== ~2026-57615-63 reported by MathXplore ==

* {{anonlinks|~2026-57615-63}}

vandalism &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/~2026-57615-63/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:46, 28 October 2026 (UTC)

:{{done}} ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;v&lt;/span&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 23:21, 28 October 2026 (UTC)
== Ruchichuahan reported by MathsScienceNerd1 ==

* {{userlinks|Ruchichuahan}}

Advertisement, spam &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Ruchichuahan/ --&gt; [[User:MathsScienceNerd1|MathsScienceNerd1]] ([[User talk:MathsScienceNerd1|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathsScienceNerd1|contribs]]) 07:28, 29 October 2026 (UTC)

:{{done}} ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;v&lt;/span&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 14:05, 29 October 2026 (UTC)
== BoiaBoiaMans reported by Morkoz ==

* {{userlinks|BoiaBoiaMans}}

Long-term abuse. &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/BoiaBoiaMans/ --&gt; [[User:Morkoz|Morkoz]] ([[User talk:Morkoz|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Morkoz|contribs]]) 19:23, 1 November 2026 (UTC)

:{{done|Globally locked}} —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 20:08, 2 November 2026 (UTC)

== CU Request ==

@[[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] can I get a CU on the following, who are mass-creating pages with thematic overlap?
&lt;div style=&quot;column-count: 3&quot;&gt;
* [[User:Ruby Rupshikha Meher/sandbox]]
* [[User:KushKumar46/sandbox]]
* [[User:Surajshinde2005/sandbox]]
* [[User:Tangirala Pavan kumar reddy/sandbox]]
* [[User:D542006P/sandbox/Time Division Multiplexing]]
* [[User:Apsohal/sandbox]]
* [[User:Gang tribute/sandbox]]
* [[User:Shoobisediting/sandbox]]
* [[User:Anandu SN/sandbox]]
* [[User:YubiIsthere/sandbox]]
* [[User:Raginikumari123/sandbox]]
* [[User:Sandeep912133/sandbox]]
* [[User:SandeepLPU/sandbox]]
* [[User:Bodepalli reddy/sandbox]]
* [[User:Badepalli praveen kumar reddy/sandbox]]
* [[User:Eren Reddy/sandbox]]
* [[User:Hayan R/sandbox]]
* [[User:Abhi9441/sandbox]]
* [[User:Dhillonnn/sandbox]]
* [[User:Ritwik2418/sandbox]]
* [[User:Akshgoel/sandbox]]
* [[User:Shubham1240/sandbox]]
* [[User:Cornor-02/sandbox]]
* [[User:Dhanush0715/sandbox]]
* [[User:Bojja Mahesh Yadav/sandbox]]
* [[User:KashyavPradhan07/sandbox]]
* [[User:Sarabjitlpu/sandbox]]
* [[User:AmeenSharaf007/sandbox]]
* [[User:QuillNova/sandbox]]
* [[User:Avishkar pathak/sandbox]]
* [[User:Reyansh68/sandbox2]]
* [[User:Bojja Mahesh Yadav/sandbox/Introduction]]
* [[User:PushpenderSingh369/sandbox/ArUco Markers]]
* [[User:Atharv Karande]]
* [[User:Bojja Mahesh Yadav/sandbox/1.4 Objectives of the Study]]
* [[User:Wikilalithbook/sandbox]]
* [[User:Aditya31Raj/sandbox]]
* [[User:Deepakdasari09/sandbox]]
* [[User:Ronak0830/sandbox]]
* [[User:Chand2006/sandbox]]
* [[User:Parmindersingh0830/sandbox]]
* [[User:Sonupandit2580/sandbox]]
* [[User:Thanuj1212/Power Electronics in Electric Vehicles]]&lt;/div&gt;

Thank you! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 19:47, 3 November 2026 (UTC)

:I have assumed it is a school or educational project, but I will take a closer look. [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 12:15, 4 November 2026 (UTC). 
:The accounts appear to be related, but not closely enough to be socks. I suspect they are students editing from the same institution on a range of devices. The main issue here seems to be the use of LLMs to create garbage that might then get pasted into a book. Unfortunately it is difficult to communicate with a large group like this. Usually their teacher also creates an account, but I haven't been able to identify one. [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 12:21, 4 November 2026 (UTC)
::Thank you for checking! I was also suspecting something similar, and the mass low-quality content addition isn't great. I've mentioned this elsewhere on wiki, but I've noticed accounts taking advantage of the fact that we're more lenient about sandbox content as a loophole to protect against genAI content deletion. I'm inclined to enforce the AI content ban in sandboxes too, since it can't exactly become &quot;un-generated&quot; by AI, and it would be problematic for it to wind up in mainspace. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 20:01, 4 November 2026 (UTC)
:::I've deleted a bunch of these. @[[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] @[[User:JJPMaster|JJPMaster]] is there any way to use the edit filter for this? —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 15:10, 5 November 2026 (UTC)
:::: Please email me the specific content/titles, and I'll see what I can do. Thanks. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 15:11, 5 November 2026 (UTC)

== Report concerning [[Special:Contribs/~2026-58721-39|~2026-58721-39]] ==

Vandalism, removing content from pages. [[User:Veritas Sapientiae|Veritas Sapientiae]] ([[User talk:Veritas Sapientiae|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Veritas Sapientiae|contribs]]) 08:13, 4 November 2026 (UTC)

:{{done}} ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;v&lt;/span&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 14:04, 4 November 2026 (UTC)

== [[Special:IPContributions/170.185.36.211/16]] ==

'''Reason for reporting:''' cross-wiki abuse ([[:v:Special:IPContributions/170.185.36.211/16]], Cc: {{Reply to|Koavf|Codename Noreste}}, Wikiversity custodians) [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 02:26, 7 November 2026 (UTC)
: {{done}}. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 02:38, 7 November 2026 (UTC)
:{{done}}/doing here and at en.wv. Thanks. ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;v&lt;/span&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 02:39, 7 November 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>a9nfck3wgpsyvu4w3v972hfevm04wex</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Quantum Mechanics/Mass, Momentum and Energy</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>190717</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4680439</id>
      <parentid>3207459</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T16:02:58Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-59225-07</username>
        <id>3630623</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4680439</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="351" sha1="0z6ntj5frzxrtgvbkcne4jgf0808bfx" xml:space="preserve">{{Quantum Mechanics/Page}}
The mass, momentum and energy are related by  
:&lt;math&gt;E=\frac{P^2}{2m}}&lt;/math&gt; where P is the momentum, m is mass of the particle. The difference in the quantum mechanics is that energy cannot be continuous for a particle. Even the great aspect is that energy of quantum particle can have a minimum value but cannot be zero.</text>
      <sha1>0z6ntj5frzxrtgvbkcne4jgf0808bfx</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4680440</id>
      <parentid>4680439</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T16:03:26Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-59225-07</username>
        <id>3630623</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4680440</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="352" sha1="spe2genyvuumqgaw4hksfprjd4ji8fx" xml:space="preserve">{{Quantum Mechanics/Page}}
The mass, momentum and energy are related by  
:&lt;math&gt;E=\frac{{P^2}{2m}}&lt;/math&gt; where P is the momentum, m is mass of the particle. The difference in the quantum mechanics is that energy cannot be continuous for a particle. Even the great aspect is that energy of quantum particle can have a minimum value but cannot be zero.</text>
      <sha1>spe2genyvuumqgaw4hksfprjd4ji8fx</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4680441</id>
      <parentid>4680440</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T16:03:44Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-59225-07</username>
        <id>3630623</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4680441</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="350" sha1="1czpob7a0vlp8in7gtlpvzvoujzaje0" xml:space="preserve">{{Quantum Mechanics/Page}}
The mass, momentum and energy are related by  
:&lt;math&gt;E=\frac{P^2}{2m}&lt;/math&gt; where P is the momentum, m is mass of the particle. The difference in the quantum mechanics is that energy cannot be continuous for a particle. Even the great aspect is that energy of quantum particle can have a minimum value but cannot be zero.</text>
      <sha1>1czpob7a0vlp8in7gtlpvzvoujzaje0</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4680442</id>
      <parentid>4680441</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T16:04:19Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-59225-07</username>
        <id>3630623</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4680442</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="359" sha1="bd42wgxpzjd7z5t9vkn9j9ir9pag6cd" xml:space="preserve">{{Quantum Mechanics/Page}}
The mass, momentum and energy are related by  
:&lt;math&gt;E=\frac{P^2}{2m}&lt;/math&gt; 
Where 
: P is the momentum, 
: m is mass of the particle. 

The difference in the quantum mechanics is that energy cannot be continuous for a particle. Even the great aspect is that energy of quantum particle can have a minimum value but cannot be zero.</text>
      <sha1>bd42wgxpzjd7z5t9vkn9j9ir9pag6cd</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>OpenSCAD User Manual</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>214091</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4680527</id>
      <parentid>4674235</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T17:28:53Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-59234-67</username>
        <id>3630632</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>declaration of WAR @mathxplore</comment>
      <origin>4680527</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="15413" sha1="dqv52qssabahrttuc7kvpgbni0h2w0f" xml:space="preserve">
&lt;!-- HEY!     &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;READ THIS &lt;&lt;&lt;&lt;&lt;&lt;&lt;&lt;&lt;&lt;&lt;&lt;&lt;&lt;&lt;&lt; 

If you intend to alter the structure of this or ADD new sections PLEASE note that similar changes are required in two other pages.
OpenSCAD_User_Manual/The_OpenSCAD_Language  - a list of all the language as one large page
OpenSCAD_User_Manual/Print_version - similar to the above, designed for printing.

Both these pages use transclusion which basically lists the page links to pull other pages into the main page when it is displayed.
So if you add/change/reorganise/delete some pages here, please have a look at these other two pages and keep them
in sync as appropriate to their function.


Thank You, MichaelAtOz. (known here as mimarx)
--&gt;

{{Book Search|prefix=OpenSCAD User Manual}}

= MathXplore, consider this a declaration of WAR. I will come back every time you ban me. Whether it be on a different wikimedia site, or using a different computer, I will vandalize. - LT1MS =
[[File:Openscad SVG.svg|200px|right|OpenSCAD logo]]

&lt;section begin=Introduction /&gt;
'''OpenSCAD''' is software for creating solid 3D CAD objects.&lt;br&gt;
It is [https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html free software] and available for [https://www.gnu.org/ GNU/Linux], Microsoft Windows and Mac OS X.

Unlike most free software for creating 3D models (such as the well-known application [[Blender]]), OpenSCAD does not foc  ndwiiewnifobeqiuvhriyegbiyerbgherbvs on the artistic aspects of 3D modelling, but instead focuses on the [[w:Computer-aided design|CAD]] aspects. So it might be the application you are looking for when you are planning to create 3D models of machine parts, but probably is not what you are looking for when you are more interested in creating computer-animated movies or organic life-like models.

OpenSCAD, unlike many CAD products, is not an interactive modeler. Instead it is something like a 2D/3D-compiler that reads in a program file that describes the object and renders the model from this file. This gives you (the designer) full control over the modelling process. This enables you to easily change any step in the modelling process and make designs that are defined by configurable parameters.

OpenSCAD has two main operating modes, ''Preview'' and ''Render''. Preview is relatively fast using [[w:Z-buffering|3D graphics]] and the [[w:Graphics processing unit|computer's GPU]], but is an approximation of the model and can produce [[w:Z-fighting|artifacts]]; Preview uses [http://opencsg.org/ OpenCSG] and [[w:OpenGL|OpenGL]]. Render generates exact geometry and a fully [[w:Tessellation (computer graphics)|tessellated]] [[w:Polygon mesh|mesh]]. It is not an approximation and as such it is often a lengthy process, taking minutes or hours for larger designs. Render uses [[w:CGAL|CGAL]] as its geometry engine.

OpenSCAD provides two types of 3D modelling:
* [[w:Constructive solid geometry|Constructive Solid Geometry (CSG)]]
* extrusion of 2D primitives into 3D space.

[[w: Scalable_Vector_Graphics | SVG]] is used for 2D while Autocad DXF files can be used as well for the data exchange format for 2D outlines. In addition to 2D paths for extrusion it is also possible to read design parameters from DXF files. Besides DXF files, OpenSCAD can read and create 3D models in the open [[w: 3D Manufacturing Format | 3mf]], [[w: STL (file format) | STL]], [[w: OFF (file format) | OFF]] and many more file formats.

OpenSCAD can be downloaded from https://www.openscad.org/. More information is available on the [https://www.openscad.org/community.html mailing list].

== Additional Resources ==
An interactive web version of OpenSCAD can be [https://ochafik.com/openscad2/ used to play with an scad script], is accepting [https://github.com/openscad/openscad-playground (design) contributions at git hub], and is based on the [https://github.com/openscad/openscad/blob/master/README.md#building-for-webassembly web version of the application].

A clear guided introduction to using OpenSCAD and to the OpenSCAD language is available in the [https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/OpenSCAD_Tutorial OpenSCAD Tutorial].


The [https://mastering-openscad.eu/buch/introduction/ Mastering OpenSCAD website] has a nice tutorial on the basics and offers a [https://mastering-openscad.eu/buch/example_01/ number of complex examples] to learn from.

For Teachers: a basic 25-slide presentation from 2014 is available under [[w:GNU_Free_Documentation_License|GNUFDL]] to walk your students through the process of using OpenSCAD [[appropedia:w/images/5/5f/Intro_to_OpenSCAD_2014_Long.pdf|here]].

Fablab Lannion (France) edited a nice French-language [https://static.fablab-lannion.org/tutos/openscad/ interactive tutorial] that you might appreciate.

A &quot;[https://www.openscad.org/cheatsheet/ cheat sheet]&quot; is a useful quick reference for the OpenSCAD language, with each item linking back to this Wikibook.

A list of books can be found [http://openscad.org/documentation-books.html here].

== History ==
Periodically the two manuals below get cleaned up or have major transitions.
Consider archiving the manuals prior to starting a major update.

This can be done for the two 'printable version' links below to the [https://archive.org Internet Archive]
* 2018-04-25 [https://web.archive.org/web/20180425002648/https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/OpenSCAD_User_Manual/Print_version The OpenSCAD User Manual - Print Version] &amp; [https://web.archive.org/web/20180425001407/https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/OpenSCAD_User_Manual/The_OpenSCAD_Language The OpenSCAD Language - Print Version]
* 2019-07-22 [https://web.archive.org/web/20190722042509/https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/OpenSCAD_User_Manual The OpenSCAD User Manual] Which includes links to the archives of the above two printed versions (as of this date).

The Wayback Machine no longer has a free user requested site archive, so below is just the two 'printable version' manuals
* 2020-12-11 [https://web.archive.org/web/20201211023636/https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/OpenSCAD_User_Manual/Print_version The OpenSCAD User Manual - Print Version] &amp; [https://web.archive.org/web/20201211023916/https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/OpenSCAD_User_Manual/The_OpenSCAD_Language The OpenSCAD Language - Print Version]

= The OpenSCAD User Manual =
{{Print version|OpenSCAD_User_Manual/Print_version|OpenSCAD_User_Manual}}
#  [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual#Introduction|Introduction]]
#  [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/First Steps|First Steps]]
#  [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/The OpenSCAD User Interface|The OpenSCAD User Interface]]
#  [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/Input Devices|Input Devices]]
#  [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/Customizer|Customizer]]
#  Import - STL, 3MF, OFF, AMF, DXF, SVG, CSG
## [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/SVG Import|SVG Import]]
#  Export - STL, 3MF, OFF, AMF, DXF, SVG, CSG, PNG
## [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/STL_Export|STL Export]]
## [[OpenSCAD User Manual/CSG Export|CSG Export]]
## [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/DXF_Extrusion|DXF Extrusion]]
## [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/Other_2D_formats|Other 2D formats]]
#  [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/Commented Example Projects|Example Projects]]
## [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/Example/Strandbeest|Strandbeest]]
#  [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/Paths|Paths]]
#  [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/Using an external Editor with OpenSCAD|Using an external Editor with OpenSCAD]]
#  [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/Integration with other applications|Integration with other applications]]
#  [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/Using OpenSCAD in a command line environment|Using OpenSCAD in a command line environment]]
#  [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/Building OpenSCAD from Sources|Building OpenSCAD from Sources]]
## [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/Building on Linux/UNIX|Building on Linux/UNIX]]
## [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/Cross-compiling for Windows on Linux or Mac OS X|Cross-compiling for Windows on Linux or Mac OS X]]
## [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/Building on Windows|Building on Windows (Outdated)]]
## [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/Building on Microsoft Windows|Building on Windows (New)]]
## [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/Building on Mac OS X|Building on Mac OS X]]
## [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/Submitting patches|Submitting patches]]
#  [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/FAQ|Frequently Asked Questions]]
#  [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/Libraries|Libraries]]
#  [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/Tips and Tricks|Tips and Tricks]]
#  [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/Command Glossary|Command Glossary]] - Very short name and syntax reference

= The OpenSCAD Language Reference =
{{Print version|OpenSCAD_User_Manual/The_OpenSCAD_Language|The_OpenSCAD_Language}}
# [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/General|General]] - READ THIS FIRST - [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/General#Comments|comments]], [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/General#Values_and_Data_Types|values and data types]], [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/General#Variables|variables]], [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/General#Vectors|vectors]], [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/General#Objects|objects]], [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/General#Getting_input|getting input]]
# [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/Primitive Solids|3D objects]] - 
## [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/Primitive Solids|3D Primitive Solids]] - [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/Primitive Solids#cube|cube]], [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/Primitive Solids#sphere|sphere]], [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/Primitive Solids#cylinder|cylinder]], [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/Primitive Solids#polyhedron|polyhedron]]
## [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/3D to 2D Projection|3D to 2D Projection]]
# [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/Using the 2D Subsystem|2D Objects]]
## [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/2D Primitives|2D Primitives]] - [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/2D Primitives#square|square]], [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/2D Primitives#circle|circle]], [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/2D Primitives#polygon|polygon]] 
## [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/Text|Text]] - Generate text using installed or user supplied font files; functions to retrieve text metrics.
## [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/2D to 3D Extrusion|2D to 3D]] - [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/2D to 3D Extrusion#linear_extrude|linear_extrude]], [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/2D to 3D Extrusion#rotate_extrude|rotate_extrude]]
#  [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/Transformations|Transform]]
##[[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/Transformations#color|color]] 
## [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/Transformations#rotate|rotate]], [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/Transformations#translate|translate]], [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/Transformations#mirror|mirror]], [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/Transformations#multmatrix|multmatrix]]
## [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/Transformations#scale|scale]], [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/Transformations#resize|resize]]
##[[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/Transformations#offset|offset]], [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/Transformations#minkowski|minkowski]], [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/Transformations#hull|hull]]
## [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/Transformations#Combining_transformations|Combining transformations]]
# [[OpenSCAD User Manual/CSG Modelling|Boolean combination]]
##[[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/CSG Modelling#union|union]], [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/CSG Modelling#difference|difference]], [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/CSG Modelling#intersection|intersection]], [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/CSG Modelling#render|render]]
#  Other Functions and Operators
## [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/Conditional and Iterator Functions|Conditional and Iterator Functions]] - [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/Conditional and Iterator Functions#For Loop|for]],[[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/Conditional and Iterator Functions#Intersection_For_Loop| intersection_for]], [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/Conditional and Iterator Functions#If Statement|if]], [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/Conditional and Iterator Functions#Conditional ? :| conditional ? :]], [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/Conditional and Iterator Functions#Assign Statement| assign]], [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/Conditional and Iterator Functions#Let Statement| let]]
## [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/Mathematical Operators|Mathematical Operators]] - [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/Mathematical Operators|General]], [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/Mathematical Operators#Vector-Number_Operators|Vectors]], [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/Mathematical Operators#Matrix_Multiplication|Matrix multiplication]]
## [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/Mathematical Functions|Mathematical Functions]] 
### [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/Mathematical_Functions#Trigonometric_Functions|Trigonometric]] (cos sin tan acos asin atan atan2)
### [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/Mathematical_Functions#Other_Mathematical_Functions|Other]] (abs ceil concat cross exp floor ln len let log lookup max min norm pow rands round sign sqrt)
## [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/String Functions|String Functions]] - [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/String Functions#str|str]], [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/String Functions#chr|chr]], [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/String Functions#ord|ord]]
## [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/Type Test Functions|Type Test Functions]] - [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/Type_Test_Functions#is_undef|is_undef]], [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/Type_Test_Functions#is_bool|is_bool]], [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/Type_Test_Functions#is_num|is_num]], [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/Type_Test_Functions#is_string|is_string]], [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/Type_Test_Functions#is_list|is_list]], [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/Type_Test_Functions#is_object|is_object]]
## [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/List Comprehensions|List Comprehensions]]
## [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/Other Language Features|Other Language Features]] - [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/Other Language Features#Special variables|Special '$' variables]], [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/Other Language Features#echo|echo]], [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/Other Language Features#Render|render]], [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/Other Language Features#surface|surface]], [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/Other Language Features#Search|search]] , [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/Other Language Features#OpenSCAD Version|version(), version_num()]], [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/Other Language Features#parent_module.28n.29_and_.24parent_modules|parent_module(n) and $parent_modules]], [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/Other Language Features#assert|assert]]
# [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/User-Defined Functions and Modules|User-Defined Functions and Modules]] - [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/User-Defined_Functions_and_Modules#Functions|Functions]], [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/User-Defined_Functions_and_Modules#Modules|Modules]], [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/User-Defined_Functions_and_Modules#Children|Children]]
# [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/Modifier Characters|Debugging aids]] -  % # ! * [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/Other Language Features#Echo Statements|echo]]
# External libraries and code files
## [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/Include Statement|include - SCAD, CSG]]
## [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/Include Statement|use  - SCAD]]
## [[OpenSCAD User Manual/Importing Geometry|import - STL, OFF, DXF]]
###[[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/2D Primitives#import_dxf|import_dxf]] - Deprecated
### [[OpenSCAD User Manual/Importing Geometry#import_stl|import_stl]] - Deprecated
## [[OpenSCAD User Manual/Export|export - STL, OFF, AMF, 3MF, DXF, SVG, PNG, CSG]]
## [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/Other_Language_Features#Surface|surface]] - PNG

= Work in progress =

This section contains documentation about ongoing work which is available as experimental features in snapshot versions of OpenSCAD or not yet integrated at all and pending in a [https://github.com/openscad/openscad/branches branch] or [https://github.com/openscad/openscad/pulls pull-request] at the [https://github.com/openscad/openscad/ OpenSCAD github repository].

* [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/WIP|Work in progress]]

{{Alphabetical|O}}
{{Shelves|3D graphics software|computer programming languages|computer aided design}}
{{status|75%}}

[[es:Tutorial de OpenScad]]
[[it:OpenSCAD]]
[[ru:Руководство пользователя по OpenSCAD]]</text>
      <sha1>dqv52qssabahrttuc7kvpgbni0h2w0f</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4680611</id>
      <parentid>4680527</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-07T02:17:58Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>MathXplore</username>
        <id>3097823</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>[[WB:REVERT|Reverted]] edit by [[Special:Contributions/~2026-59234-67|~2026-59234-67]] ([[User talk:~2026-59234-67|talk]]) to last version by Jordan Brown</comment>
      <origin>4674235</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="15202" sha1="jjkt2sdn8xwntv140cd76ya0am80gxh" xml:space="preserve">
&lt;!-- HEY!     &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;READ THIS &lt;&lt;&lt;&lt;&lt;&lt;&lt;&lt;&lt;&lt;&lt;&lt;&lt;&lt;&lt;&lt; 

If you intend to alter the structure of this or ADD new sections PLEASE note that similar changes are required in two other pages.
OpenSCAD_User_Manual/The_OpenSCAD_Language  - a list of all the language as one large page
OpenSCAD_User_Manual/Print_version - similar to the above, designed for printing.

Both these pages use transclusion which basically lists the page links to pull other pages into the main page when it is displayed.
So if you add/change/reorganise/delete some pages here, please have a look at these other two pages and keep them
in sync as appropriate to their function.


Thank You, MichaelAtOz. (known here as mimarx)
--&gt;

{{Book Search|prefix=OpenSCAD User Manual}}

[[File:Openscad SVG.svg|200px|right|OpenSCAD logo]]

== Introduction ==
&lt;section begin=Introduction /&gt;
'''OpenSCAD''' is software for creating solid 3D CAD objects.&lt;br&gt;
It is [https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html free software] and available for [https://www.gnu.org/ GNU/Linux], Microsoft Windows and Mac OS X.

Unlike most free software for creating 3D models (such as the well-known application [[Blender]]), OpenSCAD does not focus on the artistic aspects of 3D modelling, but instead focuses on the [[w:Computer-aided design|CAD]] aspects. So it might be the application you are looking for when you are planning to create 3D models of machine parts, but probably is not what you are looking for when you are more interested in creating computer-animated movies or organic life-like models.

OpenSCAD, unlike many CAD products, is not an interactive modeler. Instead it is something like a 2D/3D-compiler that reads in a program file that describes the object and renders the model from this file. This gives you (the designer) full control over the modelling process. This enables you to easily change any step in the modelling process and make designs that are defined by configurable parameters.

OpenSCAD has two main operating modes, ''Preview'' and ''Render''. Preview is relatively fast using [[w:Z-buffering|3D graphics]] and the [[w:Graphics processing unit|computer's GPU]], but is an approximation of the model and can produce [[w:Z-fighting|artifacts]]; Preview uses [http://opencsg.org/ OpenCSG] and [[w:OpenGL|OpenGL]]. Render generates exact geometry and a fully [[w:Tessellation (computer graphics)|tessellated]] [[w:Polygon mesh|mesh]]. It is not an approximation and as such it is often a lengthy process, taking minutes or hours for larger designs. Render uses [[w:CGAL|CGAL]] as its geometry engine.

OpenSCAD provides two types of 3D modelling:
* [[w:Constructive solid geometry|Constructive Solid Geometry (CSG)]]
* extrusion of 2D primitives into 3D space.

[[w: Scalable_Vector_Graphics | SVG]] is used for 2D while Autocad DXF files can be used as well for the data exchange format for 2D outlines. In addition to 2D paths for extrusion it is also possible to read design parameters from DXF files. Besides DXF files, OpenSCAD can read and create 3D models in the open [[w: 3D Manufacturing Format | 3mf]], [[w: STL (file format) | STL]], [[w: OFF (file format) | OFF]] and many more file formats.

OpenSCAD can be downloaded from https://www.openscad.org/. More information is available on the [https://www.openscad.org/community.html mailing list].

== Additional Resources ==
An interactive web version of OpenSCAD can be [https://ochafik.com/openscad2/ used to play with an scad script], is accepting [https://github.com/openscad/openscad-playground (design) contributions at git hub], and is based on the [https://github.com/openscad/openscad/blob/master/README.md#building-for-webassembly web version of the application].

A clear guided introduction to using OpenSCAD and to the OpenSCAD language is available in the [https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/OpenSCAD_Tutorial OpenSCAD Tutorial].


The [https://mastering-openscad.eu/buch/introduction/ Mastering OpenSCAD website] has a nice tutorial on the basics and offers a [https://mastering-openscad.eu/buch/example_01/ number of complex examples] to learn from.

For Teachers: a basic 25-slide presentation from 2014 is available under [[w:GNU_Free_Documentation_License|GNUFDL]] to walk your students through the process of using OpenSCAD [[appropedia:w/images/5/5f/Intro_to_OpenSCAD_2014_Long.pdf|here]].

Fablab Lannion (France) edited a nice French-language [https://static.fablab-lannion.org/tutos/openscad/ interactive tutorial] that you might appreciate.

A &quot;[https://www.openscad.org/cheatsheet/ cheat sheet]&quot; is a useful quick reference for the OpenSCAD language, with each item linking back to this Wikibook.

A list of books can be found [http://openscad.org/documentation-books.html here].

== History ==
Periodically the two manuals below get cleaned up or have major transitions.
Consider archiving the manuals prior to starting a major update.

This can be done for the two 'printable version' links below to the [https://archive.org Internet Archive]
* 2018-04-25 [https://web.archive.org/web/20180425002648/https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/OpenSCAD_User_Manual/Print_version The OpenSCAD User Manual - Print Version] &amp; [https://web.archive.org/web/20180425001407/https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/OpenSCAD_User_Manual/The_OpenSCAD_Language The OpenSCAD Language - Print Version]
* 2019-07-22 [https://web.archive.org/web/20190722042509/https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/OpenSCAD_User_Manual The OpenSCAD User Manual] Which includes links to the archives of the above two printed versions (as of this date).

The Wayback Machine no longer has a free user requested site archive, so below is just the two 'printable version' manuals
* 2020-12-11 [https://web.archive.org/web/20201211023636/https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/OpenSCAD_User_Manual/Print_version The OpenSCAD User Manual - Print Version] &amp; [https://web.archive.org/web/20201211023916/https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/OpenSCAD_User_Manual/The_OpenSCAD_Language The OpenSCAD Language - Print Version]

= The OpenSCAD User Manual =
{{Print version|OpenSCAD_User_Manual/Print_version|OpenSCAD_User_Manual}}
#  [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual#Introduction|Introduction]]
#  [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/First Steps|First Steps]]
#  [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/The OpenSCAD User Interface|The OpenSCAD User Interface]]
#  [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/Input Devices|Input Devices]]
#  [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/Customizer|Customizer]]
#  Import - STL, 3MF, OFF, AMF, DXF, SVG, CSG
## [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/SVG Import|SVG Import]]
#  Export - STL, 3MF, OFF, AMF, DXF, SVG, CSG, PNG
## [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/STL_Export|STL Export]]
## [[OpenSCAD User Manual/CSG Export|CSG Export]]
## [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/DXF_Extrusion|DXF Extrusion]]
## [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/Other_2D_formats|Other 2D formats]]
#  [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/Commented Example Projects|Example Projects]]
## [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/Example/Strandbeest|Strandbeest]]
#  [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/Paths|Paths]]
#  [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/Using an external Editor with OpenSCAD|Using an external Editor with OpenSCAD]]
#  [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/Integration with other applications|Integration with other applications]]
#  [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/Using OpenSCAD in a command line environment|Using OpenSCAD in a command line environment]]
#  [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/Building OpenSCAD from Sources|Building OpenSCAD from Sources]]
## [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/Building on Linux/UNIX|Building on Linux/UNIX]]
## [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/Cross-compiling for Windows on Linux or Mac OS X|Cross-compiling for Windows on Linux or Mac OS X]]
## [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/Building on Windows|Building on Windows (Outdated)]]
## [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/Building on Microsoft Windows|Building on Windows (New)]]
## [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/Building on Mac OS X|Building on Mac OS X]]
## [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/Submitting patches|Submitting patches]]
#  [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/FAQ|Frequently Asked Questions]]
#  [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/Libraries|Libraries]]
#  [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/Tips and Tricks|Tips and Tricks]]
#  [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/Command Glossary|Command Glossary]] - Very short name and syntax reference

= The OpenSCAD Language Reference =
{{Print version|OpenSCAD_User_Manual/The_OpenSCAD_Language|The_OpenSCAD_Language}}
# [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/General|General]] - READ THIS FIRST - [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/General#Comments|comments]], [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/General#Values_and_Data_Types|values and data types]], [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/General#Variables|variables]], [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/General#Vectors|vectors]], [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/General#Objects|objects]], [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/General#Getting_input|getting input]]
# [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/Primitive Solids|3D objects]] - 
## [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/Primitive Solids|3D Primitive Solids]] - [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/Primitive Solids#cube|cube]], [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/Primitive Solids#sphere|sphere]], [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/Primitive Solids#cylinder|cylinder]], [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/Primitive Solids#polyhedron|polyhedron]]
## [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/3D to 2D Projection|3D to 2D Projection]]
# [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/Using the 2D Subsystem|2D Objects]]
## [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/2D Primitives|2D Primitives]] - [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/2D Primitives#square|square]], [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/2D Primitives#circle|circle]], [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/2D Primitives#polygon|polygon]] 
## [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/Text|Text]] - Generate text using installed or user supplied font files; functions to retrieve text metrics.
## [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/2D to 3D Extrusion|2D to 3D]] - [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/2D to 3D Extrusion#linear_extrude|linear_extrude]], [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/2D to 3D Extrusion#rotate_extrude|rotate_extrude]]
#  [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/Transformations|Transform]]
##[[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/Transformations#color|color]] 
## [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/Transformations#rotate|rotate]], [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/Transformations#translate|translate]], [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/Transformations#mirror|mirror]], [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/Transformations#multmatrix|multmatrix]]
## [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/Transformations#scale|scale]], [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/Transformations#resize|resize]]
##[[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/Transformations#offset|offset]], [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/Transformations#minkowski|minkowski]], [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/Transformations#hull|hull]]
## [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/Transformations#Combining_transformations|Combining transformations]]
# [[OpenSCAD User Manual/CSG Modelling|Boolean combination]]
##[[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/CSG Modelling#union|union]], [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/CSG Modelling#difference|difference]], [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/CSG Modelling#intersection|intersection]], [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/CSG Modelling#render|render]]
#  Other Functions and Operators
## [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/Conditional and Iterator Functions|Conditional and Iterator Functions]] - [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/Conditional and Iterator Functions#For Loop|for]],[[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/Conditional and Iterator Functions#Intersection_For_Loop| intersection_for]], [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/Conditional and Iterator Functions#If Statement|if]], [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/Conditional and Iterator Functions#Conditional ? :| conditional ? :]], [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/Conditional and Iterator Functions#Assign Statement| assign]], [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/Conditional and Iterator Functions#Let Statement| let]]
## [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/Mathematical Operators|Mathematical Operators]] - [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/Mathematical Operators|General]], [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/Mathematical Operators#Vector-Number_Operators|Vectors]], [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/Mathematical Operators#Matrix_Multiplication|Matrix multiplication]]
## [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/Mathematical Functions|Mathematical Functions]] 
### [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/Mathematical_Functions#Trigonometric_Functions|Trigonometric]] (cos sin tan acos asin atan atan2)
### [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/Mathematical_Functions#Other_Mathematical_Functions|Other]] (abs ceil concat cross exp floor ln len let log lookup max min norm pow rands round sign sqrt)
## [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/String Functions|String Functions]] - [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/String Functions#str|str]], [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/String Functions#chr|chr]], [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/String Functions#ord|ord]]
## [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/Type Test Functions|Type Test Functions]] - [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/Type_Test_Functions#is_undef|is_undef]], [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/Type_Test_Functions#is_bool|is_bool]], [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/Type_Test_Functions#is_num|is_num]], [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/Type_Test_Functions#is_string|is_string]], [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/Type_Test_Functions#is_list|is_list]], [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/Type_Test_Functions#is_object|is_object]]
## [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/List Comprehensions|List Comprehensions]]
## [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/Other Language Features|Other Language Features]] - [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/Other Language Features#Special variables|Special '$' variables]], [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/Other Language Features#echo|echo]], [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/Other Language Features#Render|render]], [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/Other Language Features#surface|surface]], [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/Other Language Features#Search|search]] , [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/Other Language Features#OpenSCAD Version|version(), version_num()]], [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/Other Language Features#parent_module.28n.29_and_.24parent_modules|parent_module(n) and $parent_modules]], [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/Other Language Features#assert|assert]]
# [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/User-Defined Functions and Modules|User-Defined Functions and Modules]] - [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/User-Defined_Functions_and_Modules#Functions|Functions]], [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/User-Defined_Functions_and_Modules#Modules|Modules]], [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/User-Defined_Functions_and_Modules#Children|Children]]
# [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/Modifier Characters|Debugging aids]] -  % # ! * [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/Other Language Features#Echo Statements|echo]]
# External libraries and code files
## [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/Include Statement|include - SCAD, CSG]]
## [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/Include Statement|use  - SCAD]]
## [[OpenSCAD User Manual/Importing Geometry|import - STL, OFF, DXF]]
###[[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/2D Primitives#import_dxf|import_dxf]] - Deprecated
### [[OpenSCAD User Manual/Importing Geometry#import_stl|import_stl]] - Deprecated
## [[OpenSCAD User Manual/Export|export - STL, OFF, AMF, 3MF, DXF, SVG, PNG, CSG]]
## [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/Other_Language_Features#Surface|surface]] - PNG

= Work in progress =

This section contains documentation about ongoing work which is available as experimental features in snapshot versions of OpenSCAD or not yet integrated at all and pending in a [https://github.com/openscad/openscad/branches branch] or [https://github.com/openscad/openscad/pulls pull-request] at the [https://github.com/openscad/openscad/ OpenSCAD github repository].

* [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/WIP|Work in progress]]

{{Alphabetical|O}}
{{Shelves|3D graphics software|computer programming languages|computer aided design}}
{{status|75%}}

[[es:Tutorial de OpenScad]]
[[it:OpenSCAD]]
[[ru:Руководство пользователя по OpenSCAD]]</text>
      <sha1>jjkt2sdn8xwntv140cd76ya0am80gxh</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Talk:OpenSCAD User Manual</title>
    <ns>1</ns>
    <id>216983</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4680528</id>
      <parentid>4520177</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T17:29:50Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-59234-67</username>
        <id>3630632</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* WAR */ new section</comment>
      <origin>4680528</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="8555" sha1="3k2rdwxgowjzsl5q2f7gtia1is1bdxc" xml:space="preserve">&lt;!--  newest items on top, please --&gt;
=New Discussions=
==Comparison with FreeCAD==
Will a short comparison on how it differs from other foss cad software: freecad differs can help too. Like it's already given wrt blender. [[User:Yashpalgoyal1304|Yashpalgoyal1304]] ([[User talk:Yashpalgoyal1304|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Yashpalgoyal1304|contribs]]) 19:19, 1 April 2021 (UTC)

==Legal identifiers for OpenSCAD==
Can someone who is familiar with the language add what the rules are for a legal identifer (what characters are allowed, can they start with a number, etc)? That should probably be included [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/General#Variable|here]], under Variables.

==Clean Up Introduction==
People have been adding random stuff to the introduction section. this should be a well polished area for new comers to quickly gain some insight into what they will be learning. perhaps a &quot;further reading&quot; section could be added to dump a lot of this stuff into.

== Rearrange book ? ==
It may be just me, but I find the organization confusing. For example &quot;Conditional and Iterator Functions&quot; a relative sophisticated feature comes before plain &quot;Mathematical operators&quot;. Som chapters are needlessly split up (Import/export STL) and so on. 

I am also of the opinion the book should have 3 sections (possibly 3 books)
* Tutorial - this contains the introduction, a few step-by-step examples, some description of the distribution supplied examples.
* Reference - which is most of the current book, in particular OpenSCAD langauge, 2D/3D and DXF stuff
* Installation (or Internals) - the chapters for the linking and adaption of OpenSCAD to platforms, external editors and so on.

Before I make a detailed suggestions, any thoughts on this?
[[User:Msquare|Msquare]] ([[User talk:Msquare|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Msquare|contribs]]) 19:43, 15 November 2012 (UTC)

:[[User:Msquare|Msquare]] ([[User talk:Msquare|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Msquare|contribs]]) 21:41, 17 November 2012 (UTC) : I moved one section - the conditional/iterator one. Done it in the print vaersion and the short reference, too.

=Old discussions (done things)=
== This is better than 0% ==

I suggest the completion status is moved to 25%. The manual is useful and possibly even 50%. (I was looking at the recomended grading of status - [[Help:Development_stages#Book_completion_status]]) I have only really looked at chapter 4, but probabl the rest is reasonable, too. [[User:Msquare|Msquare]] ([[User talk:Msquare|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Msquare|contribs]]) 16:20, 24 September 2012 (UTC)

''(One month later)'': No discussion - so I decided and have started to do it [[User:Msquare|Msquare]] ([[User talk:Msquare|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Msquare|contribs]]) 21:57, 27 October 2012 (UTC)

== Command Gloassary added ==
I don't see any place to add documentation of how to use the GUI viewer.  For example, I figured out how to zoom the viewport in and out by trial and error, and it would be great if I could add that somewhere.  (also, I see a distance variable in the viewport, but can't see a way to set it or figure out what it means)

I propose making a section called &quot;Using the GUI&quot; and moving the import/export stuff under it.  I would do this myself, but that's a fairly large change to the organizational structure of the doc, so I'm just proposing it here.

I created a new section http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/OpenSCAD_User_Manual/Command_Glossary.  The goal here being to have a consolidated list of commands and very basic syntax.  I found myself hunting though the various pages to find syntax and was going to make a &quot;cheat sheet&quot; for myself but thought this would be better.

----------------

The Command Glossary in the OpenSCAD User Manual is totally outdated by now (03.2015).
When OpenSCAD evolves the wiki gets updated, but the Command Glossary stays unchanged.
The CheatSheet (http://www.openscad.org/cheatsheet/index.html) has taken the function 
of the Command Glossary and it does get updated regularly.
I propose that we will remove the Command Glossary completely and link to the CheatSheet instead. (TakeItAndRun)

== command len() ==

I would like to add the command len() to the wiki. As I have no experience with wikis I will run an account of what I want to do and what I´m doing here.

According to:
https://github.com/openscad/openscad/blob/master/RELEASE_NOTES

the command len() was implemented first in OpenSCAD 2011.12:

o Added len() function. Takes one vector or string parameter and returns its length.

Where would be the right place to add this command? It really is not a mathematical function, but it returns a number.

OK, I´ll just put it to the mathematical funktions, maybe it has to be moved away later on.

Now, I can edit (pressing the little edit botton) an existing function, but how do I create a new one?

OK, go to the main subject heading:
http://en.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=OpenSCAD_User_Manual/Mathematical_Functions&amp;stable=0
and press the rider 'EDIT' in the second top most line of the (html) page.
Insert '=== len ===' and some text at the alphabetical correct position ( before ln() )
Then a subheading with len appears and can now be edited with the little red edit-buttom to theb right.

Now, I want to add some examples. 

OK, I wrote a little example scad program and copied it and the result.

Now, how do I get the nice little box around it?

OK, starting a line with a 'space' seems to create the little box around the text.

Now I mared some changes as minor, but they actually were not. I´m sorry.
(minor change should only be used for formating and simple spell checing)

Now, do I have to add the len command also in the glossary?

OK, I added it into the Command Glossary.

BUT MY, the C.C. is not at all up to date.

Enjoy

[[User:TakeItAndRun|TakeItAndRun]] ([[User talk:TakeItAndRun|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/TakeItAndRun|contribs]]) 20:04, 6 June 2012 (UTC)

== Proposal for some updates to the documentation structure ==

1) i would like to re-title this page to OpenSCAD_Documentation_Overview so that the OS User Guide and OS Lang Reference are not based on this page
2) i would remove the Tables of Contents of the two, UG &amp; LR, as they are not needed here.
3) a section for Tutorials could be added
4) a section for OS Examples could be added
5) a section for the OS extensions and libraries could be added

items 3-5 would be a short description plus links to their sections elsewhere in the wiki

[[User:VulcanWikiEdit|VulcanWikiEdit]] ([[User talk:VulcanWikiEdit|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/VulcanWikiEdit|contribs]]) 21:37, 8 June 2025 (UTC)

:en.wikibooks.org/wiki/OpenSCAD_Tutorial
:I'm assuming the section for tutorials would reference this page? Under additional resources there's a few sources so they could also be added. I'm not sure what is meant by OS examples, is this in reference to building OpenSCAD locally on different windows/mac/linux? If it is, the windows page could include instructions for 1. MXE, 2. MSYS2, and 3. Native MSVC once the project for GSoC is complete. There hasn't been much of an update for build instructions on linux or mac, so it might be good to check in the IRC if the instructions are up to date. To my knowledge the MSYS2 instructions work. [[Special:Contributions/142.188.81.63|142.188.81.63]] ([[User talk:142.188.81.63|discuss]]) 05:54, 12 June 2025 (UTC)
::OS == OpenSCAD in short and .. who is it that left an anonymous reply please?
::i was thinking this page would be the wiki landing document and then there would be a few others:
::1 general concepts (module structure, convexity, preview versus rendering possibly others
::2 build notes for all platforms: MXE, etc
::3 User Guide - pretty much as it is now 
::4 Language Reference - revised to move all examples to ...
::5 Examples
::6 Libraries - a listing of the libraries that we know of - unless the magic of GitHUb has a way for repository tags to be collected and listed auto-magically on a GitHub wiki page or some such, 
::7 Release Notes and Feature History
::that is how i see it at the moment
::--
::[[User:VulcanWikiEdit|VulcanWikiEdit]] ([[User talk:VulcanWikiEdit|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/VulcanWikiEdit|contribs]]) 09:28, 29 June 2025 (UTC)

== WAR ==
@[[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] @[[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] @[[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] [[Special:Contributions/~2026-59234-67|~2026-59234-67]] ([[User talk:~2026-59234-67|talk]]) 17:29, 6 November 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>3k2rdwxgowjzsl5q2f7gtia1is1bdxc</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4680612</id>
      <parentid>4680528</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-07T02:18:04Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>MathXplore</username>
        <id>3097823</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>[[WB:REVERT|Reverted]] edit by [[Special:Contributions/~2026-59234-67|~2026-59234-67]] ([[User talk:~2026-59234-67|talk]]) to last version by VulcanWikiEdit</comment>
      <origin>4520177</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="8327" sha1="hy2l7aatyyc5037x1k14pbm09jqgsoz" xml:space="preserve">&lt;!--  newest items on top, please --&gt;
=New Discussions=
==Comparison with FreeCAD==
Will a short comparison on how it differs from other foss cad software: freecad differs can help too. Like it's already given wrt blender. [[User:Yashpalgoyal1304|Yashpalgoyal1304]] ([[User talk:Yashpalgoyal1304|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Yashpalgoyal1304|contribs]]) 19:19, 1 April 2021 (UTC)

==Legal identifiers for OpenSCAD==
Can someone who is familiar with the language add what the rules are for a legal identifer (what characters are allowed, can they start with a number, etc)? That should probably be included [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/General#Variable|here]], under Variables.

==Clean Up Introduction==
People have been adding random stuff to the introduction section. this should be a well polished area for new comers to quickly gain some insight into what they will be learning. perhaps a &quot;further reading&quot; section could be added to dump a lot of this stuff into.

== Rearrange book ? ==
It may be just me, but I find the organization confusing. For example &quot;Conditional and Iterator Functions&quot; a relative sophisticated feature comes before plain &quot;Mathematical operators&quot;. Som chapters are needlessly split up (Import/export STL) and so on. 

I am also of the opinion the book should have 3 sections (possibly 3 books)
* Tutorial - this contains the introduction, a few step-by-step examples, some description of the distribution supplied examples.
* Reference - which is most of the current book, in particular OpenSCAD langauge, 2D/3D and DXF stuff
* Installation (or Internals) - the chapters for the linking and adaption of OpenSCAD to platforms, external editors and so on.

Before I make a detailed suggestions, any thoughts on this?
[[User:Msquare|Msquare]] ([[User talk:Msquare|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Msquare|contribs]]) 19:43, 15 November 2012 (UTC)

:[[User:Msquare|Msquare]] ([[User talk:Msquare|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Msquare|contribs]]) 21:41, 17 November 2012 (UTC) : I moved one section - the conditional/iterator one. Done it in the print vaersion and the short reference, too.

=Old discussions (done things)=
== This is better than 0% ==

I suggest the completion status is moved to 25%. The manual is useful and possibly even 50%. (I was looking at the recomended grading of status - [[Help:Development_stages#Book_completion_status]]) I have only really looked at chapter 4, but probabl the rest is reasonable, too. [[User:Msquare|Msquare]] ([[User talk:Msquare|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Msquare|contribs]]) 16:20, 24 September 2012 (UTC)

''(One month later)'': No discussion - so I decided and have started to do it [[User:Msquare|Msquare]] ([[User talk:Msquare|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Msquare|contribs]]) 21:57, 27 October 2012 (UTC)

== Command Gloassary added ==
I don't see any place to add documentation of how to use the GUI viewer.  For example, I figured out how to zoom the viewport in and out by trial and error, and it would be great if I could add that somewhere.  (also, I see a distance variable in the viewport, but can't see a way to set it or figure out what it means)

I propose making a section called &quot;Using the GUI&quot; and moving the import/export stuff under it.  I would do this myself, but that's a fairly large change to the organizational structure of the doc, so I'm just proposing it here.

I created a new section http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/OpenSCAD_User_Manual/Command_Glossary.  The goal here being to have a consolidated list of commands and very basic syntax.  I found myself hunting though the various pages to find syntax and was going to make a &quot;cheat sheet&quot; for myself but thought this would be better.

----------------

The Command Glossary in the OpenSCAD User Manual is totally outdated by now (03.2015).
When OpenSCAD evolves the wiki gets updated, but the Command Glossary stays unchanged.
The CheatSheet (http://www.openscad.org/cheatsheet/index.html) has taken the function 
of the Command Glossary and it does get updated regularly.
I propose that we will remove the Command Glossary completely and link to the CheatSheet instead. (TakeItAndRun)

== command len() ==

I would like to add the command len() to the wiki. As I have no experience with wikis I will run an account of what I want to do and what I´m doing here.

According to:
https://github.com/openscad/openscad/blob/master/RELEASE_NOTES

the command len() was implemented first in OpenSCAD 2011.12:

o Added len() function. Takes one vector or string parameter and returns its length.

Where would be the right place to add this command? It really is not a mathematical function, but it returns a number.

OK, I´ll just put it to the mathematical funktions, maybe it has to be moved away later on.

Now, I can edit (pressing the little edit botton) an existing function, but how do I create a new one?

OK, go to the main subject heading:
http://en.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=OpenSCAD_User_Manual/Mathematical_Functions&amp;stable=0
and press the rider 'EDIT' in the second top most line of the (html) page.
Insert '=== len ===' and some text at the alphabetical correct position ( before ln() )
Then a subheading with len appears and can now be edited with the little red edit-buttom to theb right.

Now, I want to add some examples. 

OK, I wrote a little example scad program and copied it and the result.

Now, how do I get the nice little box around it?

OK, starting a line with a 'space' seems to create the little box around the text.

Now I mared some changes as minor, but they actually were not. I´m sorry.
(minor change should only be used for formating and simple spell checing)

Now, do I have to add the len command also in the glossary?

OK, I added it into the Command Glossary.

BUT MY, the C.C. is not at all up to date.

Enjoy

[[User:TakeItAndRun|TakeItAndRun]] ([[User talk:TakeItAndRun|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/TakeItAndRun|contribs]]) 20:04, 6 June 2012 (UTC)

== Proposal for some updates to the documentation structure ==

1) i would like to re-title this page to OpenSCAD_Documentation_Overview so that the OS User Guide and OS Lang Reference are not based on this page
2) i would remove the Tables of Contents of the two, UG &amp; LR, as they are not needed here.
3) a section for Tutorials could be added
4) a section for OS Examples could be added
5) a section for the OS extensions and libraries could be added

items 3-5 would be a short description plus links to their sections elsewhere in the wiki

[[User:VulcanWikiEdit|VulcanWikiEdit]] ([[User talk:VulcanWikiEdit|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/VulcanWikiEdit|contribs]]) 21:37, 8 June 2025 (UTC)

:en.wikibooks.org/wiki/OpenSCAD_Tutorial
:I'm assuming the section for tutorials would reference this page? Under additional resources there's a few sources so they could also be added. I'm not sure what is meant by OS examples, is this in reference to building OpenSCAD locally on different windows/mac/linux? If it is, the windows page could include instructions for 1. MXE, 2. MSYS2, and 3. Native MSVC once the project for GSoC is complete. There hasn't been much of an update for build instructions on linux or mac, so it might be good to check in the IRC if the instructions are up to date. To my knowledge the MSYS2 instructions work. [[Special:Contributions/142.188.81.63|142.188.81.63]] ([[User talk:142.188.81.63|discuss]]) 05:54, 12 June 2025 (UTC)
::OS == OpenSCAD in short and .. who is it that left an anonymous reply please?
::i was thinking this page would be the wiki landing document and then there would be a few others:
::1 general concepts (module structure, convexity, preview versus rendering possibly others
::2 build notes for all platforms: MXE, etc
::3 User Guide - pretty much as it is now 
::4 Language Reference - revised to move all examples to ...
::5 Examples
::6 Libraries - a listing of the libraries that we know of - unless the magic of GitHUb has a way for repository tags to be collected and listed auto-magically on a GitHub wiki page or some such, 
::7 Release Notes and Feature History
::that is how i see it at the moment
::--
::[[User:VulcanWikiEdit|VulcanWikiEdit]] ([[User talk:VulcanWikiEdit|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/VulcanWikiEdit|contribs]]) 09:28, 29 June 2025 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>hy2l7aatyyc5037x1k14pbm09jqgsoz</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Unicode/Character reference/2B000-2BFFF</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>229799</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4680635</id>
      <parentid>4672612</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-07T08:32:17Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ILYA125467</username>
        <id>3627024</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Added upcoming 19.0 character</comment>
      <origin>4680635</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="287947" sha1="nyn49z8zl0vdyim5bg9vjp58mw33mca" xml:space="preserve">{{:Unicode/Character reference}}

{| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;2&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; style=&quot;border-collapse:collapse;&quot;
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | '''CJK Unified Ideographs Extension C (ctd.)'''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;width:4%&quot;|U+!!style=&quot;width:6%&quot;|0!!style=&quot;width:6%&quot;|1!!style=&quot;width:6%&quot;|2!!style=&quot;width:6%&quot;|3!!style=&quot;width:6%&quot;|4!!style=&quot;width:6%&quot;|5!!style=&quot;width:6%&quot;|6!!style=&quot;width:6%&quot;|7!!style=&quot;width:6%&quot;|8!!style=&quot;width:6%&quot;|9!!style=&quot;width:6%&quot;|A!!style=&quot;width:6%&quot;|B!!style=&quot;width:6%&quot;|C!!style=&quot;width:6%&quot;|D!!style=&quot;width:6%&quot;|E!!style=&quot;width:6%&quot;|F
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2B00x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B000|&amp;#x2b000;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B001|&amp;#x2b001;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B002|&amp;#x2b002;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B003|&amp;#x2b003;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B004|&amp;#x2b004;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B005|&amp;#x2b005;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B006|&amp;#x2b006;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B007|&amp;#x2b007;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B008|&amp;#x2b008;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B009|&amp;#x2b009;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B00A|&amp;#x2b00a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B00B|&amp;#x2b00b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B00C|&amp;#x2b00c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B00D|&amp;#x2b00d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B00E|&amp;#x2b00e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B00F|&amp;#x2b00f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2B01x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B010|&amp;#x2b010;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B011|&amp;#x2b011;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B012|&amp;#x2b012;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B013|&amp;#x2b013;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B014|&amp;#x2b014;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B015|&amp;#x2b015;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B016|&amp;#x2b016;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B017|&amp;#x2b017;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B018|&amp;#x2b018;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B019|&amp;#x2b019;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B01A|&amp;#x2b01a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B01B|&amp;#x2b01b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B01C|&amp;#x2b01c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B01D|&amp;#x2b01d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B01E|&amp;#x2b01e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B01F|&amp;#x2b01f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2B02x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B020|&amp;#x2b020;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B021|&amp;#x2b021;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B022|&amp;#x2b022;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B023|&amp;#x2b023;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B024|&amp;#x2b024;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B025|&amp;#x2b025;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B026|&amp;#x2b026;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B027|&amp;#x2b027;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B028|&amp;#x2b028;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B029|&amp;#x2b029;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B02A|&amp;#x2b02a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B02B|&amp;#x2b02b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B02C|&amp;#x2b02c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B02D|&amp;#x2b02d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B02E|&amp;#x2b02e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B02F|&amp;#x2b02f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2B03x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B030|&amp;#x2b030;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B031|&amp;#x2b031;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B032|&amp;#x2b032;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B033|&amp;#x2b033;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B034|&amp;#x2b034;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B035|&amp;#x2b035;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B036|&amp;#x2b036;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B037|&amp;#x2b037;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B038|&amp;#x2b038;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B039|&amp;#x2b039;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B03A|&amp;#x2b03a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B03B|&amp;#x2b03b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B03C|&amp;#x2b03c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B03D|&amp;#x2b03d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B03E|&amp;#x2b03e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B03F|&amp;#x2b03f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2B04x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B040|&amp;#x2b040;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B041|&amp;#x2b041;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B042|&amp;#x2b042;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B043|&amp;#x2b043;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B044|&amp;#x2b044;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B045|&amp;#x2b045;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B046|&amp;#x2b046;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B047|&amp;#x2b047;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B048|&amp;#x2b048;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B049|&amp;#x2b049;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B04A|&amp;#x2b04a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B04B|&amp;#x2b04b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B04C|&amp;#x2b04c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B04D|&amp;#x2b04d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B04E|&amp;#x2b04e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B04F|&amp;#x2b04f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2B05x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B050|&amp;#x2b050;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B051|&amp;#x2b051;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B052|&amp;#x2b052;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B053|&amp;#x2b053;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B054|&amp;#x2b054;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B055|&amp;#x2b055;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B056|&amp;#x2b056;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B057|&amp;#x2b057;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B058|&amp;#x2b058;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B059|&amp;#x2b059;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B05A|&amp;#x2b05a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B05B|&amp;#x2b05b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B05C|&amp;#x2b05c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B05D|&amp;#x2b05d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B05E|&amp;#x2b05e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B05F|&amp;#x2b05f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2B06x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B060|&amp;#x2b060;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B061|&amp;#x2b061;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B062|&amp;#x2b062;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B063|&amp;#x2b063;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B064|&amp;#x2b064;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B065|&amp;#x2b065;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B066|&amp;#x2b066;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B067|&amp;#x2b067;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B068|&amp;#x2b068;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B069|&amp;#x2b069;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B06A|&amp;#x2b06a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B06B|&amp;#x2b06b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B06C|&amp;#x2b06c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B06D|&amp;#x2b06d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B06E|&amp;#x2b06e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B06F|&amp;#x2b06f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2B07x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B070|&amp;#x2b070;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B071|&amp;#x2b071;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B072|&amp;#x2b072;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B073|&amp;#x2b073;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B074|&amp;#x2b074;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B075|&amp;#x2b075;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B076|&amp;#x2b076;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B077|&amp;#x2b077;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B078|&amp;#x2b078;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B079|&amp;#x2b079;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B07A|&amp;#x2b07a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B07B|&amp;#x2b07b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B07C|&amp;#x2b07c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B07D|&amp;#x2b07d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B07E|&amp;#x2b07e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B07F|&amp;#x2b07f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2B08x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B080|&amp;#x2b080;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B081|&amp;#x2b081;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B082|&amp;#x2b082;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B083|&amp;#x2b083;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B084|&amp;#x2b084;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B085|&amp;#x2b085;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B086|&amp;#x2b086;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B087|&amp;#x2b087;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B088|&amp;#x2b088;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B089|&amp;#x2b089;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B08A|&amp;#x2b08a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B08B|&amp;#x2b08b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B08C|&amp;#x2b08c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B08D|&amp;#x2b08d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B08E|&amp;#x2b08e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B08F|&amp;#x2b08f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2B09x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B090|&amp;#x2b090;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B091|&amp;#x2b091;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B092|&amp;#x2b092;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B093|&amp;#x2b093;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B094|&amp;#x2b094;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B095|&amp;#x2b095;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B096|&amp;#x2b096;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B097|&amp;#x2b097;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B098|&amp;#x2b098;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B099|&amp;#x2b099;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B09A|&amp;#x2b09a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B09B|&amp;#x2b09b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B09C|&amp;#x2b09c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B09D|&amp;#x2b09d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B09E|&amp;#x2b09e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B09F|&amp;#x2b09f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2B0Ax
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B0A0|&amp;#x2b0a0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B0A1|&amp;#x2b0a1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B0A2|&amp;#x2b0a2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B0A3|&amp;#x2b0a3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B0A4|&amp;#x2b0a4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B0A5|&amp;#x2b0a5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B0A6|&amp;#x2b0a6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B0A7|&amp;#x2b0a7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B0A8|&amp;#x2b0a8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B0A9|&amp;#x2b0a9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B0AA|&amp;#x2b0aa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B0AB|&amp;#x2b0ab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B0AC|&amp;#x2b0ac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B0AD|&amp;#x2b0ad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B0AE|&amp;#x2b0ae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B0AF|&amp;#x2b0af;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2B0Bx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B0B0|&amp;#x2b0b0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B0B1|&amp;#x2b0b1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B0B2|&amp;#x2b0b2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B0B3|&amp;#x2b0b3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B0B4|&amp;#x2b0b4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B0B5|&amp;#x2b0b5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B0B6|&amp;#x2b0b6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B0B7|&amp;#x2b0b7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B0B8|&amp;#x2b0b8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B0B9|&amp;#x2b0b9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B0BA|&amp;#x2b0ba;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B0BB|&amp;#x2b0bb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B0BC|&amp;#x2b0bc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B0BD|&amp;#x2b0bd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B0BE|&amp;#x2b0be;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B0BF|&amp;#x2b0bf;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2B0Cx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B0C0|&amp;#x2b0c0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B0C1|&amp;#x2b0c1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B0C2|&amp;#x2b0c2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B0C3|&amp;#x2b0c3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B0C4|&amp;#x2b0c4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B0C5|&amp;#x2b0c5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B0C6|&amp;#x2b0c6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B0C7|&amp;#x2b0c7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B0C8|&amp;#x2b0c8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B0C9|&amp;#x2b0c9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B0CA|&amp;#x2b0ca;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B0CB|&amp;#x2b0cb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B0CC|&amp;#x2b0cc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B0CD|&amp;#x2b0cd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B0CE|&amp;#x2b0ce;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B0CF|&amp;#x2b0cf;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2B0Dx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B0D0|&amp;#x2b0d0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B0D1|&amp;#x2b0d1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B0D2|&amp;#x2b0d2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B0D3|&amp;#x2b0d3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B0D4|&amp;#x2b0d4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B0D5|&amp;#x2b0d5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B0D6|&amp;#x2b0d6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B0D7|&amp;#x2b0d7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B0D8|&amp;#x2b0d8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B0D9|&amp;#x2b0d9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B0DA|&amp;#x2b0da;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B0DB|&amp;#x2b0db;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B0DC|&amp;#x2b0dc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B0DD|&amp;#x2b0dd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B0DE|&amp;#x2b0de;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B0DF|&amp;#x2b0df;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2B0Ex
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B0E0|&amp;#x2b0e0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B0E1|&amp;#x2b0e1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B0E2|&amp;#x2b0e2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B0E3|&amp;#x2b0e3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B0E4|&amp;#x2b0e4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B0E5|&amp;#x2b0e5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B0E6|&amp;#x2b0e6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B0E7|&amp;#x2b0e7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B0E8|&amp;#x2b0e8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B0E9|&amp;#x2b0e9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B0EA|&amp;#x2b0ea;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B0EB|&amp;#x2b0eb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B0EC|&amp;#x2b0ec;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B0ED|&amp;#x2b0ed;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B0EE|&amp;#x2b0ee;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B0EF|&amp;#x2b0ef;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2B0Fx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B0F0|&amp;#x2b0f0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B0F1|&amp;#x2b0f1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B0F2|&amp;#x2b0f2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B0F3|&amp;#x2b0f3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B0F4|&amp;#x2b0f4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B0F5|&amp;#x2b0f5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B0F6|&amp;#x2b0f6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B0F7|&amp;#x2b0f7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B0F8|&amp;#x2b0f8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B0F9|&amp;#x2b0f9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B0FA|&amp;#x2b0fa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B0FB|&amp;#x2b0fb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B0FC|&amp;#x2b0fc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B0FD|&amp;#x2b0fd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B0FE|&amp;#x2b0fe;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B0FF|&amp;#x2b0ff;}}
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2B10x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B100|&amp;#x2b100;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B101|&amp;#x2b101;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B102|&amp;#x2b102;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B103|&amp;#x2b103;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B104|&amp;#x2b104;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B105|&amp;#x2b105;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B106|&amp;#x2b106;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B107|&amp;#x2b107;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B108|&amp;#x2b108;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B109|&amp;#x2b109;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B10A|&amp;#x2b10a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B10B|&amp;#x2b10b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B10C|&amp;#x2b10c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B10D|&amp;#x2b10d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B10E|&amp;#x2b10e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B10F|&amp;#x2b10f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2B11x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B110|&amp;#x2b110;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B111|&amp;#x2b111;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B112|&amp;#x2b112;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B113|&amp;#x2b113;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B114|&amp;#x2b114;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B115|&amp;#x2b115;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B116|&amp;#x2b116;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B117|&amp;#x2b117;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B118|&amp;#x2b118;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B119|&amp;#x2b119;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B11A|&amp;#x2b11a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B11B|&amp;#x2b11b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B11C|&amp;#x2b11c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B11D|&amp;#x2b11d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B11E|&amp;#x2b11e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B11F|&amp;#x2b11f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2B12x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B120|&amp;#x2b120;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B121|&amp;#x2b121;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B122|&amp;#x2b122;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B123|&amp;#x2b123;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B124|&amp;#x2b124;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B125|&amp;#x2b125;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B126|&amp;#x2b126;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B127|&amp;#x2b127;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B128|&amp;#x2b128;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B129|&amp;#x2b129;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B12A|&amp;#x2b12a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B12B|&amp;#x2b12b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B12C|&amp;#x2b12c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B12D|&amp;#x2b12d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B12E|&amp;#x2b12e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B12F|&amp;#x2b12f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2B13x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B130|&amp;#x2b130;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B131|&amp;#x2b131;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B132|&amp;#x2b132;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B133|&amp;#x2b133;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B134|&amp;#x2b134;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B135|&amp;#x2b135;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B136|&amp;#x2b136;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B137|&amp;#x2b137;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B138|&amp;#x2b138;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B139|&amp;#x2b139;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B13A|&amp;#x2b13a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B13B|&amp;#x2b13b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B13C|&amp;#x2b13c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B13D|&amp;#x2b13d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B13E|&amp;#x2b13e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B13F|&amp;#x2b13f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2B14x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B140|&amp;#x2b140;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B141|&amp;#x2b141;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B142|&amp;#x2b142;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B143|&amp;#x2b143;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B144|&amp;#x2b144;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B145|&amp;#x2b145;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B146|&amp;#x2b146;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B147|&amp;#x2b147;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B148|&amp;#x2b148;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B149|&amp;#x2b149;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B14A|&amp;#x2b14a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B14B|&amp;#x2b14b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B14C|&amp;#x2b14c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B14D|&amp;#x2b14d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B14E|&amp;#x2b14e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B14F|&amp;#x2b14f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2B15x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B150|&amp;#x2b150;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B151|&amp;#x2b151;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B152|&amp;#x2b152;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B153|&amp;#x2b153;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B154|&amp;#x2b154;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B155|&amp;#x2b155;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B156|&amp;#x2b156;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B157|&amp;#x2b157;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B158|&amp;#x2b158;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B159|&amp;#x2b159;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B15A|&amp;#x2b15a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B15B|&amp;#x2b15b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B15C|&amp;#x2b15c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B15D|&amp;#x2b15d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B15E|&amp;#x2b15e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B15F|&amp;#x2b15f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2B16x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B160|&amp;#x2b160;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B161|&amp;#x2b161;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B162|&amp;#x2b162;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B163|&amp;#x2b163;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B164|&amp;#x2b164;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B165|&amp;#x2b165;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B166|&amp;#x2b166;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B167|&amp;#x2b167;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B168|&amp;#x2b168;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B169|&amp;#x2b169;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B16A|&amp;#x2b16a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B16B|&amp;#x2b16b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B16C|&amp;#x2b16c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B16D|&amp;#x2b16d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B16E|&amp;#x2b16e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B16F|&amp;#x2b16f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2B17x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B170|&amp;#x2b170;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B171|&amp;#x2b171;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B172|&amp;#x2b172;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B173|&amp;#x2b173;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B174|&amp;#x2b174;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B175|&amp;#x2b175;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B176|&amp;#x2b176;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B177|&amp;#x2b177;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B178|&amp;#x2b178;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B179|&amp;#x2b179;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B17A|&amp;#x2b17a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B17B|&amp;#x2b17b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B17C|&amp;#x2b17c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B17D|&amp;#x2b17d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B17E|&amp;#x2b17e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B17F|&amp;#x2b17f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2B18x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B180|&amp;#x2b180;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B181|&amp;#x2b181;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B182|&amp;#x2b182;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B183|&amp;#x2b183;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B184|&amp;#x2b184;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B185|&amp;#x2b185;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B186|&amp;#x2b186;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B187|&amp;#x2b187;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B188|&amp;#x2b188;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B189|&amp;#x2b189;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B18A|&amp;#x2b18a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B18B|&amp;#x2b18b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B18C|&amp;#x2b18c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B18D|&amp;#x2b18d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B18E|&amp;#x2b18e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B18F|&amp;#x2b18f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2B19x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B190|&amp;#x2b190;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B191|&amp;#x2b191;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B192|&amp;#x2b192;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B193|&amp;#x2b193;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B194|&amp;#x2b194;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B195|&amp;#x2b195;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B196|&amp;#x2b196;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B197|&amp;#x2b197;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B198|&amp;#x2b198;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B199|&amp;#x2b199;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B19A|&amp;#x2b19a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B19B|&amp;#x2b19b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B19C|&amp;#x2b19c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B19D|&amp;#x2b19d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B19E|&amp;#x2b19e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B19F|&amp;#x2b19f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2B1Ax
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B1A0|&amp;#x2b1a0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B1A1|&amp;#x2b1a1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B1A2|&amp;#x2b1a2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B1A3|&amp;#x2b1a3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B1A4|&amp;#x2b1a4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B1A5|&amp;#x2b1a5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B1A6|&amp;#x2b1a6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B1A7|&amp;#x2b1a7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B1A8|&amp;#x2b1a8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B1A9|&amp;#x2b1a9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B1AA|&amp;#x2b1aa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B1AB|&amp;#x2b1ab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B1AC|&amp;#x2b1ac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B1AD|&amp;#x2b1ad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B1AE|&amp;#x2b1ae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B1AF|&amp;#x2b1af;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2B1Bx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B1B0|&amp;#x2b1b0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B1B1|&amp;#x2b1b1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B1B2|&amp;#x2b1b2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B1B3|&amp;#x2b1b3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B1B4|&amp;#x2b1b4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B1B5|&amp;#x2b1b5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B1B6|&amp;#x2b1b6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B1B7|&amp;#x2b1b7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B1B8|&amp;#x2b1b8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B1B9|&amp;#x2b1b9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B1BA|&amp;#x2b1ba;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B1BB|&amp;#x2b1bb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B1BC|&amp;#x2b1bc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B1BD|&amp;#x2b1bd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B1BE|&amp;#x2b1be;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B1BF|&amp;#x2b1bf;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2B1Cx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B1C0|&amp;#x2b1c0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B1C1|&amp;#x2b1c1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B1C2|&amp;#x2b1c2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B1C3|&amp;#x2b1c3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B1C4|&amp;#x2b1c4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B1C5|&amp;#x2b1c5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B1C6|&amp;#x2b1c6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B1C7|&amp;#x2b1c7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B1C8|&amp;#x2b1c8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B1C9|&amp;#x2b1c9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B1CA|&amp;#x2b1ca;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B1CB|&amp;#x2b1cb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B1CC|&amp;#x2b1cc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B1CD|&amp;#x2b1cd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B1CE|&amp;#x2b1ce;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B1CF|&amp;#x2b1cf;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2B1Dx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B1D0|&amp;#x2b1d0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B1D1|&amp;#x2b1d1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B1D2|&amp;#x2b1d2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B1D3|&amp;#x2b1d3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B1D4|&amp;#x2b1d4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B1D5|&amp;#x2b1d5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B1D6|&amp;#x2b1d6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B1D7|&amp;#x2b1d7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B1D8|&amp;#x2b1d8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B1D9|&amp;#x2b1d9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B1DA|&amp;#x2b1da;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B1DB|&amp;#x2b1db;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B1DC|&amp;#x2b1dc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B1DD|&amp;#x2b1dd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B1DE|&amp;#x2b1de;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B1DF|&amp;#x2b1df;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2B1Ex
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B1E0|&amp;#x2b1e0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B1E1|&amp;#x2b1e1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B1E2|&amp;#x2b1e2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B1E3|&amp;#x2b1e3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B1E4|&amp;#x2b1e4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B1E5|&amp;#x2b1e5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B1E6|&amp;#x2b1e6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B1E7|&amp;#x2b1e7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B1E8|&amp;#x2b1e8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B1E9|&amp;#x2b1e9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B1EA|&amp;#x2b1ea;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B1EB|&amp;#x2b1eb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B1EC|&amp;#x2b1ec;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B1ED|&amp;#x2b1ed;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B1EE|&amp;#x2b1ee;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B1EF|&amp;#x2b1ef;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2B1Fx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B1F0|&amp;#x2b1f0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B1F1|&amp;#x2b1f1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B1F2|&amp;#x2b1f2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B1F3|&amp;#x2b1f3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B1F4|&amp;#x2b1f4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B1F5|&amp;#x2b1f5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B1F6|&amp;#x2b1f6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B1F7|&amp;#x2b1f7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B1F8|&amp;#x2b1f8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B1F9|&amp;#x2b1f9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B1FA|&amp;#x2b1fa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B1FB|&amp;#x2b1fb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B1FC|&amp;#x2b1fc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B1FD|&amp;#x2b1fd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B1FE|&amp;#x2b1fe;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B1FF|&amp;#x2b1ff;}}
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2B20x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B200|&amp;#x2b200;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B201|&amp;#x2b201;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B202|&amp;#x2b202;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B203|&amp;#x2b203;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B204|&amp;#x2b204;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B205|&amp;#x2b205;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B206|&amp;#x2b206;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B207|&amp;#x2b207;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B208|&amp;#x2b208;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B209|&amp;#x2b209;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B20A|&amp;#x2b20a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B20B|&amp;#x2b20b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B20C|&amp;#x2b20c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B20D|&amp;#x2b20d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B20E|&amp;#x2b20e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B20F|&amp;#x2b20f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2B21x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B210|&amp;#x2b210;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B211|&amp;#x2b211;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B212|&amp;#x2b212;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B213|&amp;#x2b213;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B214|&amp;#x2b214;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B215|&amp;#x2b215;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B216|&amp;#x2b216;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B217|&amp;#x2b217;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B218|&amp;#x2b218;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B219|&amp;#x2b219;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B21A|&amp;#x2b21a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B21B|&amp;#x2b21b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B21C|&amp;#x2b21c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B21D|&amp;#x2b21d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B21E|&amp;#x2b21e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B21F|&amp;#x2b21f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2B22x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B220|&amp;#x2b220;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B221|&amp;#x2b221;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B222|&amp;#x2b222;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B223|&amp;#x2b223;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B224|&amp;#x2b224;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B225|&amp;#x2b225;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B226|&amp;#x2b226;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B227|&amp;#x2b227;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B228|&amp;#x2b228;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B229|&amp;#x2b229;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B22A|&amp;#x2b22a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B22B|&amp;#x2b22b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B22C|&amp;#x2b22c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B22D|&amp;#x2b22d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B22E|&amp;#x2b22e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B22F|&amp;#x2b22f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2B23x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B230|&amp;#x2b230;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B231|&amp;#x2b231;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B232|&amp;#x2b232;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B233|&amp;#x2b233;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B234|&amp;#x2b234;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B235|&amp;#x2b235;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B236|&amp;#x2b236;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B237|&amp;#x2b237;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B238|&amp;#x2b238;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B239|&amp;#x2b239;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B23A|&amp;#x2b23a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B23B|&amp;#x2b23b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B23C|&amp;#x2b23c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B23D|&amp;#x2b23d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B23E|&amp;#x2b23e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B23F|&amp;#x2b23f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2B24x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B240|&amp;#x2b240;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B241|&amp;#x2b241;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B242|&amp;#x2b242;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B243|&amp;#x2b243;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B244|&amp;#x2b244;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B245|&amp;#x2b245;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B246|&amp;#x2b246;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B247|&amp;#x2b247;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B248|&amp;#x2b248;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B249|&amp;#x2b249;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B24A|&amp;#x2b24a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B24B|&amp;#x2b24b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B24C|&amp;#x2b24c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B24D|&amp;#x2b24d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B24E|&amp;#x2b24e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B24F|&amp;#x2b24f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2B25x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B250|&amp;#x2b250;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B251|&amp;#x2b251;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B252|&amp;#x2b252;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B253|&amp;#x2b253;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B254|&amp;#x2b254;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B255|&amp;#x2b255;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B256|&amp;#x2b256;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B257|&amp;#x2b257;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B258|&amp;#x2b258;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B259|&amp;#x2b259;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B25A|&amp;#x2b25a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B25B|&amp;#x2b25b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B25C|&amp;#x2b25c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B25D|&amp;#x2b25d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B25E|&amp;#x2b25e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B25F|&amp;#x2b25f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2B26x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B260|&amp;#x2b260;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B261|&amp;#x2b261;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B262|&amp;#x2b262;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B263|&amp;#x2b263;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B264|&amp;#x2b264;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B265|&amp;#x2b265;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B266|&amp;#x2b266;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B267|&amp;#x2b267;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B268|&amp;#x2b268;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B269|&amp;#x2b269;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B26A|&amp;#x2b26a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B26B|&amp;#x2b26b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B26C|&amp;#x2b26c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B26D|&amp;#x2b26d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B26E|&amp;#x2b26e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B26F|&amp;#x2b26f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2B27x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B270|&amp;#x2b270;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B271|&amp;#x2b271;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B272|&amp;#x2b272;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B273|&amp;#x2b273;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B274|&amp;#x2b274;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B275|&amp;#x2b275;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B276|&amp;#x2b276;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B277|&amp;#x2b277;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B278|&amp;#x2b278;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B279|&amp;#x2b279;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B27A|&amp;#x2b27a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B27B|&amp;#x2b27b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B27C|&amp;#x2b27c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B27D|&amp;#x2b27d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B27E|&amp;#x2b27e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B27F|&amp;#x2b27f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2B28x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B280|&amp;#x2b280;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B281|&amp;#x2b281;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B282|&amp;#x2b282;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B283|&amp;#x2b283;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B284|&amp;#x2b284;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B285|&amp;#x2b285;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B286|&amp;#x2b286;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B287|&amp;#x2b287;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B288|&amp;#x2b288;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B289|&amp;#x2b289;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B28A|&amp;#x2b28a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B28B|&amp;#x2b28b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B28C|&amp;#x2b28c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B28D|&amp;#x2b28d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B28E|&amp;#x2b28e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B28F|&amp;#x2b28f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2B29x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B290|&amp;#x2b290;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B291|&amp;#x2b291;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B292|&amp;#x2b292;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B293|&amp;#x2b293;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B294|&amp;#x2b294;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B295|&amp;#x2b295;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B296|&amp;#x2b296;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B297|&amp;#x2b297;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B298|&amp;#x2b298;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B299|&amp;#x2b299;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B29A|&amp;#x2b29a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B29B|&amp;#x2b29b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B29C|&amp;#x2b29c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B29D|&amp;#x2b29d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B29E|&amp;#x2b29e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B29F|&amp;#x2b29f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2B2Ax
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B2A0|&amp;#x2b2a0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B2A1|&amp;#x2b2a1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B2A2|&amp;#x2b2a2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B2A3|&amp;#x2b2a3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B2A4|&amp;#x2b2a4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B2A5|&amp;#x2b2a5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B2A6|&amp;#x2b2a6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B2A7|&amp;#x2b2a7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B2A8|&amp;#x2b2a8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B2A9|&amp;#x2b2a9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B2AA|&amp;#x2b2aa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B2AB|&amp;#x2b2ab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B2AC|&amp;#x2b2ac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B2AD|&amp;#x2b2ad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B2AE|&amp;#x2b2ae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B2AF|&amp;#x2b2af;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2B2Bx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B2B0|&amp;#x2b2b0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B2B1|&amp;#x2b2b1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B2B2|&amp;#x2b2b2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B2B3|&amp;#x2b2b3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B2B4|&amp;#x2b2b4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B2B5|&amp;#x2b2b5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B2B6|&amp;#x2b2b6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B2B7|&amp;#x2b2b7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B2B8|&amp;#x2b2b8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B2B9|&amp;#x2b2b9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B2BA|&amp;#x2b2ba;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B2BB|&amp;#x2b2bb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B2BC|&amp;#x2b2bc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B2BD|&amp;#x2b2bd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B2BE|&amp;#x2b2be;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B2BF|&amp;#x2b2bf;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2B2Cx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B2C0|&amp;#x2b2c0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B2C1|&amp;#x2b2c1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B2C2|&amp;#x2b2c2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B2C3|&amp;#x2b2c3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B2C4|&amp;#x2b2c4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B2C5|&amp;#x2b2c5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B2C6|&amp;#x2b2c6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B2C7|&amp;#x2b2c7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B2C8|&amp;#x2b2c8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B2C9|&amp;#x2b2c9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B2CA|&amp;#x2b2ca;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B2CB|&amp;#x2b2cb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B2CC|&amp;#x2b2cc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B2CD|&amp;#x2b2cd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B2CE|&amp;#x2b2ce;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B2CF|&amp;#x2b2cf;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2B2Dx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B2D0|&amp;#x2b2d0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B2D1|&amp;#x2b2d1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B2D2|&amp;#x2b2d2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B2D3|&amp;#x2b2d3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B2D4|&amp;#x2b2d4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B2D5|&amp;#x2b2d5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B2D6|&amp;#x2b2d6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B2D7|&amp;#x2b2d7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B2D8|&amp;#x2b2d8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B2D9|&amp;#x2b2d9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B2DA|&amp;#x2b2da;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B2DB|&amp;#x2b2db;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B2DC|&amp;#x2b2dc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B2DD|&amp;#x2b2dd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B2DE|&amp;#x2b2de;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B2DF|&amp;#x2b2df;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2B2Ex
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B2E0|&amp;#x2b2e0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B2E1|&amp;#x2b2e1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B2E2|&amp;#x2b2e2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B2E3|&amp;#x2b2e3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B2E4|&amp;#x2b2e4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B2E5|&amp;#x2b2e5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B2E6|&amp;#x2b2e6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B2E7|&amp;#x2b2e7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B2E8|&amp;#x2b2e8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B2E9|&amp;#x2b2e9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B2EA|&amp;#x2b2ea;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B2EB|&amp;#x2b2eb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B2EC|&amp;#x2b2ec;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B2ED|&amp;#x2b2ed;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B2EE|&amp;#x2b2ee;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B2EF|&amp;#x2b2ef;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2B2Fx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B2F0|&amp;#x2b2f0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B2F1|&amp;#x2b2f1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B2F2|&amp;#x2b2f2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B2F3|&amp;#x2b2f3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B2F4|&amp;#x2b2f4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B2F5|&amp;#x2b2f5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B2F6|&amp;#x2b2f6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B2F7|&amp;#x2b2f7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B2F8|&amp;#x2b2f8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B2F9|&amp;#x2b2f9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B2FA|&amp;#x2b2fa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B2FB|&amp;#x2b2fb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B2FC|&amp;#x2b2fc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B2FD|&amp;#x2b2fd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B2FE|&amp;#x2b2fe;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B2FF|&amp;#x2b2ff;}}
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2B30x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B300|&amp;#x2b300;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B301|&amp;#x2b301;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B302|&amp;#x2b302;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B303|&amp;#x2b303;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B304|&amp;#x2b304;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B305|&amp;#x2b305;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B306|&amp;#x2b306;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B307|&amp;#x2b307;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B308|&amp;#x2b308;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B309|&amp;#x2b309;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B30A|&amp;#x2b30a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B30B|&amp;#x2b30b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B30C|&amp;#x2b30c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B30D|&amp;#x2b30d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B30E|&amp;#x2b30e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B30F|&amp;#x2b30f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2B31x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B310|&amp;#x2b310;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B311|&amp;#x2b311;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B312|&amp;#x2b312;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B313|&amp;#x2b313;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B314|&amp;#x2b314;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B315|&amp;#x2b315;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B316|&amp;#x2b316;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B317|&amp;#x2b317;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B318|&amp;#x2b318;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B319|&amp;#x2b319;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B31A|&amp;#x2b31a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B31B|&amp;#x2b31b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B31C|&amp;#x2b31c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B31D|&amp;#x2b31d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B31E|&amp;#x2b31e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B31F|&amp;#x2b31f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2B32x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B320|&amp;#x2b320;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B321|&amp;#x2b321;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B322|&amp;#x2b322;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B323|&amp;#x2b323;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B324|&amp;#x2b324;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B325|&amp;#x2b325;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B326|&amp;#x2b326;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B327|&amp;#x2b327;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B328|&amp;#x2b328;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B329|&amp;#x2b329;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B32A|&amp;#x2b32a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B32B|&amp;#x2b32b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B32C|&amp;#x2b32c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B32D|&amp;#x2b32d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B32E|&amp;#x2b32e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B32F|&amp;#x2b32f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2B33x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B330|&amp;#x2b330;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B331|&amp;#x2b331;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B332|&amp;#x2b332;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B333|&amp;#x2b333;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B334|&amp;#x2b334;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B335|&amp;#x2b335;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B336|&amp;#x2b336;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B337|&amp;#x2b337;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B338|&amp;#x2b338;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B339|&amp;#x2b339;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B33A|&amp;#x2b33a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B33B|&amp;#x2b33b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B33C|&amp;#x2b33c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B33D|&amp;#x2b33d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B33E|&amp;#x2b33e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B33F|&amp;#x2b33f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2B34x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B340|&amp;#x2b340;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B341|&amp;#x2b341;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B342|&amp;#x2b342;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B343|&amp;#x2b343;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B344|&amp;#x2b344;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B345|&amp;#x2b345;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B346|&amp;#x2b346;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B347|&amp;#x2b347;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B348|&amp;#x2b348;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B349|&amp;#x2b349;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B34A|&amp;#x2b34a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B34B|&amp;#x2b34b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B34C|&amp;#x2b34c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B34D|&amp;#x2b34d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B34E|&amp;#x2b34e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B34F|&amp;#x2b34f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2B35x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B350|&amp;#x2b350;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B351|&amp;#x2b351;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B352|&amp;#x2b352;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B353|&amp;#x2b353;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B354|&amp;#x2b354;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B355|&amp;#x2b355;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B356|&amp;#x2b356;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B357|&amp;#x2b357;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B358|&amp;#x2b358;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B359|&amp;#x2b359;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B35A|&amp;#x2b35a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B35B|&amp;#x2b35b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B35C|&amp;#x2b35c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B35D|&amp;#x2b35d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B35E|&amp;#x2b35e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B35F|&amp;#x2b35f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2B36x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B360|&amp;#x2b360;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B361|&amp;#x2b361;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B362|&amp;#x2b362;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B363|&amp;#x2b363;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B364|&amp;#x2b364;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B365|&amp;#x2b365;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B366|&amp;#x2b366;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B367|&amp;#x2b367;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B368|&amp;#x2b368;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B369|&amp;#x2b369;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B36A|&amp;#x2b36a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B36B|&amp;#x2b36b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B36C|&amp;#x2b36c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B36D|&amp;#x2b36d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B36E|&amp;#x2b36e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B36F|&amp;#x2b36f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2B37x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B370|&amp;#x2b370;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B371|&amp;#x2b371;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B372|&amp;#x2b372;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B373|&amp;#x2b373;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B374|&amp;#x2b374;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B375|&amp;#x2b375;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B376|&amp;#x2b376;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B377|&amp;#x2b377;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B378|&amp;#x2b378;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B379|&amp;#x2b379;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B37A|&amp;#x2b37a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B37B|&amp;#x2b37b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B37C|&amp;#x2b37c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B37D|&amp;#x2b37d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B37E|&amp;#x2b37e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B37F|&amp;#x2b37f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2B38x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B380|&amp;#x2b380;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B381|&amp;#x2b381;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B382|&amp;#x2b382;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B383|&amp;#x2b383;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B384|&amp;#x2b384;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B385|&amp;#x2b385;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B386|&amp;#x2b386;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B387|&amp;#x2b387;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B388|&amp;#x2b388;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B389|&amp;#x2b389;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B38A|&amp;#x2b38a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B38B|&amp;#x2b38b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B38C|&amp;#x2b38c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B38D|&amp;#x2b38d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B38E|&amp;#x2b38e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B38F|&amp;#x2b38f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2B39x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B390|&amp;#x2b390;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B391|&amp;#x2b391;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B392|&amp;#x2b392;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B393|&amp;#x2b393;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B394|&amp;#x2b394;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B395|&amp;#x2b395;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B396|&amp;#x2b396;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B397|&amp;#x2b397;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B398|&amp;#x2b398;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B399|&amp;#x2b399;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B39A|&amp;#x2b39a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B39B|&amp;#x2b39b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B39C|&amp;#x2b39c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B39D|&amp;#x2b39d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B39E|&amp;#x2b39e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B39F|&amp;#x2b39f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2B3Ax
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B3A0|&amp;#x2b3a0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B3A1|&amp;#x2b3a1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B3A2|&amp;#x2b3a2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B3A3|&amp;#x2b3a3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B3A4|&amp;#x2b3a4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B3A5|&amp;#x2b3a5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B3A6|&amp;#x2b3a6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B3A7|&amp;#x2b3a7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B3A8|&amp;#x2b3a8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B3A9|&amp;#x2b3a9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B3AA|&amp;#x2b3aa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B3AB|&amp;#x2b3ab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B3AC|&amp;#x2b3ac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B3AD|&amp;#x2b3ad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B3AE|&amp;#x2b3ae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B3AF|&amp;#x2b3af;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2B3Bx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B3B0|&amp;#x2b3b0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B3B1|&amp;#x2b3b1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B3B2|&amp;#x2b3b2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B3B3|&amp;#x2b3b3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B3B4|&amp;#x2b3b4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B3B5|&amp;#x2b3b5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B3B6|&amp;#x2b3b6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B3B7|&amp;#x2b3b7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B3B8|&amp;#x2b3b8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B3B9|&amp;#x2b3b9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B3BA|&amp;#x2b3ba;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B3BB|&amp;#x2b3bb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B3BC|&amp;#x2b3bc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B3BD|&amp;#x2b3bd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B3BE|&amp;#x2b3be;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B3BF|&amp;#x2b3bf;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2B3Cx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B3C0|&amp;#x2b3c0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B3C1|&amp;#x2b3c1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B3C2|&amp;#x2b3c2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B3C3|&amp;#x2b3c3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B3C4|&amp;#x2b3c4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B3C5|&amp;#x2b3c5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B3C6|&amp;#x2b3c6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B3C7|&amp;#x2b3c7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B3C8|&amp;#x2b3c8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B3C9|&amp;#x2b3c9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B3CA|&amp;#x2b3ca;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B3CB|&amp;#x2b3cb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B3CC|&amp;#x2b3cc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B3CD|&amp;#x2b3cd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B3CE|&amp;#x2b3ce;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B3CF|&amp;#x2b3cf;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2B3Dx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B3D0|&amp;#x2b3d0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B3D1|&amp;#x2b3d1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B3D2|&amp;#x2b3d2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B3D3|&amp;#x2b3d3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B3D4|&amp;#x2b3d4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B3D5|&amp;#x2b3d5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B3D6|&amp;#x2b3d6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B3D7|&amp;#x2b3d7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B3D8|&amp;#x2b3d8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B3D9|&amp;#x2b3d9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B3DA|&amp;#x2b3da;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B3DB|&amp;#x2b3db;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B3DC|&amp;#x2b3dc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B3DD|&amp;#x2b3dd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B3DE|&amp;#x2b3de;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B3DF|&amp;#x2b3df;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2B3Ex
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B3E0|&amp;#x2b3e0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B3E1|&amp;#x2b3e1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B3E2|&amp;#x2b3e2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B3E3|&amp;#x2b3e3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B3E4|&amp;#x2b3e4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B3E5|&amp;#x2b3e5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B3E6|&amp;#x2b3e6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B3E7|&amp;#x2b3e7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B3E8|&amp;#x2b3e8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B3E9|&amp;#x2b3e9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B3EA|&amp;#x2b3ea;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B3EB|&amp;#x2b3eb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B3EC|&amp;#x2b3ec;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B3ED|&amp;#x2b3ed;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B3EE|&amp;#x2b3ee;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B3EF|&amp;#x2b3ef;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2B3Fx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B3F0|&amp;#x2b3f0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B3F1|&amp;#x2b3f1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B3F2|&amp;#x2b3f2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B3F3|&amp;#x2b3f3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B3F4|&amp;#x2b3f4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B3F5|&amp;#x2b3f5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B3F6|&amp;#x2b3f6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B3F7|&amp;#x2b3f7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B3F8|&amp;#x2b3f8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B3F9|&amp;#x2b3f9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B3FA|&amp;#x2b3fa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B3FB|&amp;#x2b3fb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B3FC|&amp;#x2b3fc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B3FD|&amp;#x2b3fd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B3FE|&amp;#x2b3fe;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B3FF|&amp;#x2b3ff;}}
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2B40x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B400|&amp;#x2b400;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B401|&amp;#x2b401;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B402|&amp;#x2b402;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B403|&amp;#x2b403;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B404|&amp;#x2b404;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B405|&amp;#x2b405;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B406|&amp;#x2b406;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B407|&amp;#x2b407;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B408|&amp;#x2b408;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B409|&amp;#x2b409;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B40A|&amp;#x2b40a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B40B|&amp;#x2b40b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B40C|&amp;#x2b40c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B40D|&amp;#x2b40d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B40E|&amp;#x2b40e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B40F|&amp;#x2b40f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2B41x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B410|&amp;#x2b410;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B411|&amp;#x2b411;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B412|&amp;#x2b412;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B413|&amp;#x2b413;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B414|&amp;#x2b414;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B415|&amp;#x2b415;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B416|&amp;#x2b416;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B417|&amp;#x2b417;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B418|&amp;#x2b418;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B419|&amp;#x2b419;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B41A|&amp;#x2b41a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B41B|&amp;#x2b41b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B41C|&amp;#x2b41c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B41D|&amp;#x2b41d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B41E|&amp;#x2b41e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B41F|&amp;#x2b41f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2B42x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B420|&amp;#x2b420;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B421|&amp;#x2b421;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B422|&amp;#x2b422;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B423|&amp;#x2b423;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B424|&amp;#x2b424;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B425|&amp;#x2b425;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B426|&amp;#x2b426;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B427|&amp;#x2b427;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B428|&amp;#x2b428;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B429|&amp;#x2b429;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B42A|&amp;#x2b42a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B42B|&amp;#x2b42b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B42C|&amp;#x2b42c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B42D|&amp;#x2b42d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B42E|&amp;#x2b42e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B42F|&amp;#x2b42f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2B43x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B430|&amp;#x2b430;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B431|&amp;#x2b431;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B432|&amp;#x2b432;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B433|&amp;#x2b433;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B434|&amp;#x2b434;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B435|&amp;#x2b435;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B436|&amp;#x2b436;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B437|&amp;#x2b437;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B438|&amp;#x2b438;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B439|&amp;#x2b439;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B43A|&amp;#x2b43a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B43B|&amp;#x2b43b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B43C|&amp;#x2b43c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B43D|&amp;#x2b43d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B43E|&amp;#x2b43e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B43F|&amp;#x2b43f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2B44x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B440|&amp;#x2b440;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B441|&amp;#x2b441;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B442|&amp;#x2b442;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B443|&amp;#x2b443;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B444|&amp;#x2b444;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B445|&amp;#x2b445;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B446|&amp;#x2b446;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B447|&amp;#x2b447;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B448|&amp;#x2b448;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B449|&amp;#x2b449;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B44A|&amp;#x2b44a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B44B|&amp;#x2b44b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B44C|&amp;#x2b44c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B44D|&amp;#x2b44d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B44E|&amp;#x2b44e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B44F|&amp;#x2b44f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2B45x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B450|&amp;#x2b450;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B451|&amp;#x2b451;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B452|&amp;#x2b452;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B453|&amp;#x2b453;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B454|&amp;#x2b454;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B455|&amp;#x2b455;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B456|&amp;#x2b456;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B457|&amp;#x2b457;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B458|&amp;#x2b458;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B459|&amp;#x2b459;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B45A|&amp;#x2b45a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B45B|&amp;#x2b45b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B45C|&amp;#x2b45c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B45D|&amp;#x2b45d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B45E|&amp;#x2b45e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B45F|&amp;#x2b45f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2B46x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B460|&amp;#x2b460;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B461|&amp;#x2b461;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B462|&amp;#x2b462;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B463|&amp;#x2b463;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B464|&amp;#x2b464;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B465|&amp;#x2b465;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B466|&amp;#x2b466;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B467|&amp;#x2b467;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B468|&amp;#x2b468;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B469|&amp;#x2b469;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B46A|&amp;#x2b46a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B46B|&amp;#x2b46b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B46C|&amp;#x2b46c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B46D|&amp;#x2b46d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B46E|&amp;#x2b46e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B46F|&amp;#x2b46f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2B47x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B470|&amp;#x2b470;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B471|&amp;#x2b471;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B472|&amp;#x2b472;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B473|&amp;#x2b473;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B474|&amp;#x2b474;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B475|&amp;#x2b475;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B476|&amp;#x2b476;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B477|&amp;#x2b477;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B478|&amp;#x2b478;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B479|&amp;#x2b479;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B47A|&amp;#x2b47a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B47B|&amp;#x2b47b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B47C|&amp;#x2b47c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B47D|&amp;#x2b47d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B47E|&amp;#x2b47e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B47F|&amp;#x2b47f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2B48x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B480|&amp;#x2b480;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B481|&amp;#x2b481;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B482|&amp;#x2b482;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B483|&amp;#x2b483;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B484|&amp;#x2b484;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B485|&amp;#x2b485;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B486|&amp;#x2b486;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B487|&amp;#x2b487;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B488|&amp;#x2b488;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B489|&amp;#x2b489;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B48A|&amp;#x2b48a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B48B|&amp;#x2b48b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B48C|&amp;#x2b48c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B48D|&amp;#x2b48d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B48E|&amp;#x2b48e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B48F|&amp;#x2b48f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2B49x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B490|&amp;#x2b490;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B491|&amp;#x2b491;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B492|&amp;#x2b492;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B493|&amp;#x2b493;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B494|&amp;#x2b494;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B495|&amp;#x2b495;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B496|&amp;#x2b496;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B497|&amp;#x2b497;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B498|&amp;#x2b498;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B499|&amp;#x2b499;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B49A|&amp;#x2b49a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B49B|&amp;#x2b49b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B49C|&amp;#x2b49c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B49D|&amp;#x2b49d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B49E|&amp;#x2b49e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B49F|&amp;#x2b49f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2B4Ax
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B4A0|&amp;#x2b4a0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B4A1|&amp;#x2b4a1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B4A2|&amp;#x2b4a2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B4A3|&amp;#x2b4a3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B4A4|&amp;#x2b4a4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B4A5|&amp;#x2b4a5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B4A6|&amp;#x2b4a6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B4A7|&amp;#x2b4a7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B4A8|&amp;#x2b4a8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B4A9|&amp;#x2b4a9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B4AA|&amp;#x2b4aa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B4AB|&amp;#x2b4ab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B4AC|&amp;#x2b4ac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B4AD|&amp;#x2b4ad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B4AE|&amp;#x2b4ae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B4AF|&amp;#x2b4af;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2B4Bx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B4B0|&amp;#x2b4b0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B4B1|&amp;#x2b4b1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B4B2|&amp;#x2b4b2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B4B3|&amp;#x2b4b3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B4B4|&amp;#x2b4b4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B4B5|&amp;#x2b4b5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B4B6|&amp;#x2b4b6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B4B7|&amp;#x2b4b7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B4B8|&amp;#x2b4b8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B4B9|&amp;#x2b4b9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B4BA|&amp;#x2b4ba;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B4BB|&amp;#x2b4bb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B4BC|&amp;#x2b4bc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B4BD|&amp;#x2b4bd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B4BE|&amp;#x2b4be;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B4BF|&amp;#x2b4bf;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2B4Cx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B4C0|&amp;#x2b4c0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B4C1|&amp;#x2b4c1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B4C2|&amp;#x2b4c2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B4C3|&amp;#x2b4c3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B4C4|&amp;#x2b4c4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B4C5|&amp;#x2b4c5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B4C6|&amp;#x2b4c6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B4C7|&amp;#x2b4c7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B4C8|&amp;#x2b4c8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B4C9|&amp;#x2b4c9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B4CA|&amp;#x2b4ca;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B4CB|&amp;#x2b4cb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B4CC|&amp;#x2b4cc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B4CD|&amp;#x2b4cd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B4CE|&amp;#x2b4ce;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B4CF|&amp;#x2b4cf;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2B4Dx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B4D0|&amp;#x2b4d0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B4D1|&amp;#x2b4d1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B4D2|&amp;#x2b4d2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B4D3|&amp;#x2b4d3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B4D4|&amp;#x2b4d4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B4D5|&amp;#x2b4d5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B4D6|&amp;#x2b4d6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B4D7|&amp;#x2b4d7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B4D8|&amp;#x2b4d8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B4D9|&amp;#x2b4d9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B4DA|&amp;#x2b4da;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B4DB|&amp;#x2b4db;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B4DC|&amp;#x2b4dc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B4DD|&amp;#x2b4dd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B4DE|&amp;#x2b4de;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B4DF|&amp;#x2b4df;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2B4Ex
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B4E0|&amp;#x2b4e0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B4E1|&amp;#x2b4e1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B4E2|&amp;#x2b4e2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B4E3|&amp;#x2b4e3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B4E4|&amp;#x2b4e4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B4E5|&amp;#x2b4e5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B4E6|&amp;#x2b4e6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B4E7|&amp;#x2b4e7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B4E8|&amp;#x2b4e8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B4E9|&amp;#x2b4e9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B4EA|&amp;#x2b4ea;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B4EB|&amp;#x2b4eb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B4EC|&amp;#x2b4ec;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B4ED|&amp;#x2b4ed;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B4EE|&amp;#x2b4ee;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B4EF|&amp;#x2b4ef;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2B4Fx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B4F0|&amp;#x2b4f0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B4F1|&amp;#x2b4f1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B4F2|&amp;#x2b4f2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B4F3|&amp;#x2b4f3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B4F4|&amp;#x2b4f4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B4F5|&amp;#x2b4f5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B4F6|&amp;#x2b4f6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B4F7|&amp;#x2b4f7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B4F8|&amp;#x2b4f8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B4F9|&amp;#x2b4f9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B4FA|&amp;#x2b4fa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B4FB|&amp;#x2b4fb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B4FC|&amp;#x2b4fc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B4FD|&amp;#x2b4fd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B4FE|&amp;#x2b4fe;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B4FF|&amp;#x2b4ff;}}
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2B50x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B500|&amp;#x2b500;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B501|&amp;#x2b501;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B502|&amp;#x2b502;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B503|&amp;#x2b503;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B504|&amp;#x2b504;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B505|&amp;#x2b505;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B506|&amp;#x2b506;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B507|&amp;#x2b507;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B508|&amp;#x2b508;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B509|&amp;#x2b509;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B50A|&amp;#x2b50a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B50B|&amp;#x2b50b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B50C|&amp;#x2b50c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B50D|&amp;#x2b50d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B50E|&amp;#x2b50e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B50F|&amp;#x2b50f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2B51x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B510|&amp;#x2b510;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B511|&amp;#x2b511;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B512|&amp;#x2b512;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B513|&amp;#x2b513;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B514|&amp;#x2b514;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B515|&amp;#x2b515;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B516|&amp;#x2b516;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B517|&amp;#x2b517;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B518|&amp;#x2b518;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B519|&amp;#x2b519;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B51A|&amp;#x2b51a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B51B|&amp;#x2b51b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B51C|&amp;#x2b51c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B51D|&amp;#x2b51d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B51E|&amp;#x2b51e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B51F|&amp;#x2b51f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2B52x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B520|&amp;#x2b520;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B521|&amp;#x2b521;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B522|&amp;#x2b522;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B523|&amp;#x2b523;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B524|&amp;#x2b524;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B525|&amp;#x2b525;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B526|&amp;#x2b526;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B527|&amp;#x2b527;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B528|&amp;#x2b528;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B529|&amp;#x2b529;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B52A|&amp;#x2b52a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B52B|&amp;#x2b52b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B52C|&amp;#x2b52c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B52D|&amp;#x2b52d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B52E|&amp;#x2b52e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B52F|&amp;#x2b52f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2B53x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B530|&amp;#x2b530;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B531|&amp;#x2b531;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B532|&amp;#x2b532;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B533|&amp;#x2b533;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B534|&amp;#x2b534;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B535|&amp;#x2b535;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B536|&amp;#x2b536;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B537|&amp;#x2b537;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B538|&amp;#x2b538;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B539|&amp;#x2b539;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B53A|&amp;#x2b53a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B53B|&amp;#x2b53b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B53C|&amp;#x2b53c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B53D|&amp;#x2b53d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B53E|&amp;#x2b53e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B53F|&amp;#x2b53f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2B54x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B540|&amp;#x2b540;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B541|&amp;#x2b541;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B542|&amp;#x2b542;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B543|&amp;#x2b543;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B544|&amp;#x2b544;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B545|&amp;#x2b545;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B546|&amp;#x2b546;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B547|&amp;#x2b547;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B548|&amp;#x2b548;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B549|&amp;#x2b549;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B54A|&amp;#x2b54a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B54B|&amp;#x2b54b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B54C|&amp;#x2b54c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B54D|&amp;#x2b54d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B54E|&amp;#x2b54e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B54F|&amp;#x2b54f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2B55x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B550|&amp;#x2b550;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B551|&amp;#x2b551;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B552|&amp;#x2b552;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B553|&amp;#x2b553;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B554|&amp;#x2b554;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B555|&amp;#x2b555;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B556|&amp;#x2b556;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B557|&amp;#x2b557;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B558|&amp;#x2b558;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B559|&amp;#x2b559;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B55A|&amp;#x2b55a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B55B|&amp;#x2b55b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B55C|&amp;#x2b55c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B55D|&amp;#x2b55d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B55E|&amp;#x2b55e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B55F|&amp;#x2b55f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2B56x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B560|&amp;#x2b560;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B561|&amp;#x2b561;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B562|&amp;#x2b562;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B563|&amp;#x2b563;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B564|&amp;#x2b564;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B565|&amp;#x2b565;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B566|&amp;#x2b566;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B567|&amp;#x2b567;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B568|&amp;#x2b568;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B569|&amp;#x2b569;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B56A|&amp;#x2b56a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B56B|&amp;#x2b56b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B56C|&amp;#x2b56c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B56D|&amp;#x2b56d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B56E|&amp;#x2b56e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B56F|&amp;#x2b56f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2B57x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B570|&amp;#x2b570;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B571|&amp;#x2b571;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B572|&amp;#x2b572;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B573|&amp;#x2b573;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B574|&amp;#x2b574;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B575|&amp;#x2b575;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B576|&amp;#x2b576;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B577|&amp;#x2b577;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B578|&amp;#x2b578;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B579|&amp;#x2b579;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B57A|&amp;#x2b57a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B57B|&amp;#x2b57b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B57C|&amp;#x2b57c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B57D|&amp;#x2b57d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B57E|&amp;#x2b57e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B57F|&amp;#x2b57f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2B58x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B580|&amp;#x2b580;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B581|&amp;#x2b581;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B582|&amp;#x2b582;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B583|&amp;#x2b583;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B584|&amp;#x2b584;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B585|&amp;#x2b585;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B586|&amp;#x2b586;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B587|&amp;#x2b587;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B588|&amp;#x2b588;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B589|&amp;#x2b589;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B58A|&amp;#x2b58a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B58B|&amp;#x2b58b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B58C|&amp;#x2b58c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B58D|&amp;#x2b58d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B58E|&amp;#x2b58e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B58F|&amp;#x2b58f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2B59x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B590|&amp;#x2b590;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B591|&amp;#x2b591;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B592|&amp;#x2b592;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B593|&amp;#x2b593;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B594|&amp;#x2b594;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B595|&amp;#x2b595;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B596|&amp;#x2b596;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B597|&amp;#x2b597;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B598|&amp;#x2b598;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B599|&amp;#x2b599;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B59A|&amp;#x2b59a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B59B|&amp;#x2b59b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B59C|&amp;#x2b59c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B59D|&amp;#x2b59d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B59E|&amp;#x2b59e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B59F|&amp;#x2b59f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2B5Ax
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B5A0|&amp;#x2b5a0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B5A1|&amp;#x2b5a1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B5A2|&amp;#x2b5a2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B5A3|&amp;#x2b5a3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B5A4|&amp;#x2b5a4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B5A5|&amp;#x2b5a5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B5A6|&amp;#x2b5a6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B5A7|&amp;#x2b5a7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B5A8|&amp;#x2b5a8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B5A9|&amp;#x2b5a9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B5AA|&amp;#x2b5aa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B5AB|&amp;#x2b5ab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B5AC|&amp;#x2b5ac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B5AD|&amp;#x2b5ad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B5AE|&amp;#x2b5ae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B5AF|&amp;#x2b5af;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2B5Bx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B5B0|&amp;#x2b5b0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B5B1|&amp;#x2b5b1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B5B2|&amp;#x2b5b2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B5B3|&amp;#x2b5b3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B5B4|&amp;#x2b5b4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B5B5|&amp;#x2b5b5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B5B6|&amp;#x2b5b6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B5B7|&amp;#x2b5b7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B5B8|&amp;#x2b5b8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B5B9|&amp;#x2b5b9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B5BA|&amp;#x2b5ba;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B5BB|&amp;#x2b5bb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B5BC|&amp;#x2b5bc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B5BD|&amp;#x2b5bd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B5BE|&amp;#x2b5be;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B5BF|&amp;#x2b5bf;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2B5Cx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B5C0|&amp;#x2b5c0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B5C1|&amp;#x2b5c1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B5C2|&amp;#x2b5c2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B5C3|&amp;#x2b5c3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B5C4|&amp;#x2b5c4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B5C5|&amp;#x2b5c5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B5C6|&amp;#x2b5c6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B5C7|&amp;#x2b5c7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B5C8|&amp;#x2b5c8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B5C9|&amp;#x2b5c9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B5CA|&amp;#x2b5ca;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B5CB|&amp;#x2b5cb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B5CC|&amp;#x2b5cc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B5CD|&amp;#x2b5cd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B5CE|&amp;#x2b5ce;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B5CF|&amp;#x2b5cf;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2B5Dx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B5D0|&amp;#x2b5d0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B5D1|&amp;#x2b5d1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B5D2|&amp;#x2b5d2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B5D3|&amp;#x2b5d3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B5D4|&amp;#x2b5d4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B5D5|&amp;#x2b5d5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B5D6|&amp;#x2b5d6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B5D7|&amp;#x2b5d7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B5D8|&amp;#x2b5d8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B5D9|&amp;#x2b5d9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B5DA|&amp;#x2b5da;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B5DB|&amp;#x2b5db;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B5DC|&amp;#x2b5dc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B5DD|&amp;#x2b5dd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B5DE|&amp;#x2b5de;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B5DF|&amp;#x2b5df;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2B5Ex
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B5E0|&amp;#x2b5e0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B5E1|&amp;#x2b5e1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B5E2|&amp;#x2b5e2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B5E3|&amp;#x2b5e3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B5E4|&amp;#x2b5e4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B5E5|&amp;#x2b5e5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B5E6|&amp;#x2b5e6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B5E7|&amp;#x2b5e7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B5E8|&amp;#x2b5e8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B5E9|&amp;#x2b5e9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B5EA|&amp;#x2b5ea;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B5EB|&amp;#x2b5eb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B5EC|&amp;#x2b5ec;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B5ED|&amp;#x2b5ed;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B5EE|&amp;#x2b5ee;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B5EF|&amp;#x2b5ef;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2B5Fx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B5F0|&amp;#x2b5f0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B5F1|&amp;#x2b5f1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B5F2|&amp;#x2b5f2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B5F3|&amp;#x2b5f3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B5F4|&amp;#x2b5f4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B5F5|&amp;#x2b5f5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B5F6|&amp;#x2b5f6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B5F7|&amp;#x2b5f7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B5F8|&amp;#x2b5f8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B5F9|&amp;#x2b5f9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B5FA|&amp;#x2b5fa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B5FB|&amp;#x2b5fb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B5FC|&amp;#x2b5fc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B5FD|&amp;#x2b5fd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B5FE|&amp;#x2b5fe;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B5FF|&amp;#x2b5ff;}}
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2B60x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B600|&amp;#x2b600;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B601|&amp;#x2b601;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B602|&amp;#x2b602;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B603|&amp;#x2b603;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B604|&amp;#x2b604;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B605|&amp;#x2b605;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B606|&amp;#x2b606;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B607|&amp;#x2b607;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B608|&amp;#x2b608;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B609|&amp;#x2b609;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B60A|&amp;#x2b60a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B60B|&amp;#x2b60b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B60C|&amp;#x2b60c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B60D|&amp;#x2b60d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B60E|&amp;#x2b60e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B60F|&amp;#x2b60f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2B61x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B610|&amp;#x2b610;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B611|&amp;#x2b611;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B612|&amp;#x2b612;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B613|&amp;#x2b613;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B614|&amp;#x2b614;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B615|&amp;#x2b615;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B616|&amp;#x2b616;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B617|&amp;#x2b617;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B618|&amp;#x2b618;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B619|&amp;#x2b619;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B61A|&amp;#x2b61a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B61B|&amp;#x2b61b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B61C|&amp;#x2b61c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B61D|&amp;#x2b61d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B61E|&amp;#x2b61e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B61F|&amp;#x2b61f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2B62x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B620|&amp;#x2b620;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B621|&amp;#x2b621;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B622|&amp;#x2b622;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B623|&amp;#x2b623;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B624|&amp;#x2b624;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B625|&amp;#x2b625;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B626|&amp;#x2b626;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B627|&amp;#x2b627;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B628|&amp;#x2b628;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B629|&amp;#x2b629;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B62A|&amp;#x2b62a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B62B|&amp;#x2b62b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B62C|&amp;#x2b62c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B62D|&amp;#x2b62d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B62E|&amp;#x2b62e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B62F|&amp;#x2b62f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2B63x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B630|&amp;#x2b630;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B631|&amp;#x2b631;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B632|&amp;#x2b632;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B633|&amp;#x2b633;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B634|&amp;#x2b634;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B635|&amp;#x2b635;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B636|&amp;#x2b636;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B637|&amp;#x2b637;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B638|&amp;#x2b638;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B639|&amp;#x2b639;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B63A|&amp;#x2b63a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B63B|&amp;#x2b63b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B63C|&amp;#x2b63c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B63D|&amp;#x2b63d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B63E|&amp;#x2b63e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B63F|&amp;#x2b63f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2B64x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B640|&amp;#x2b640;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B641|&amp;#x2b641;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B642|&amp;#x2b642;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B643|&amp;#x2b643;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B644|&amp;#x2b644;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B645|&amp;#x2b645;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B646|&amp;#x2b646;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B647|&amp;#x2b647;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B648|&amp;#x2b648;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B649|&amp;#x2b649;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B64A|&amp;#x2b64a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B64B|&amp;#x2b64b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B64C|&amp;#x2b64c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B64D|&amp;#x2b64d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B64E|&amp;#x2b64e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B64F|&amp;#x2b64f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2B65x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B650|&amp;#x2b650;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B651|&amp;#x2b651;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B652|&amp;#x2b652;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B653|&amp;#x2b653;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B654|&amp;#x2b654;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B655|&amp;#x2b655;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B656|&amp;#x2b656;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B657|&amp;#x2b657;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B658|&amp;#x2b658;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B659|&amp;#x2b659;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B65A|&amp;#x2b65a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B65B|&amp;#x2b65b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B65C|&amp;#x2b65c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B65D|&amp;#x2b65d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B65E|&amp;#x2b65e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B65F|&amp;#x2b65f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2B66x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B660|&amp;#x2b660;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B661|&amp;#x2b661;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B662|&amp;#x2b662;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B663|&amp;#x2b663;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B664|&amp;#x2b664;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B665|&amp;#x2b665;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B666|&amp;#x2b666;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B667|&amp;#x2b667;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B668|&amp;#x2b668;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B669|&amp;#x2b669;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B66A|&amp;#x2b66a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B66B|&amp;#x2b66b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B66C|&amp;#x2b66c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B66D|&amp;#x2b66d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B66E|&amp;#x2b66e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B66F|&amp;#x2b66f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2B67x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B670|&amp;#x2b670;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B671|&amp;#x2b671;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B672|&amp;#x2b672;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B673|&amp;#x2b673;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B674|&amp;#x2b674;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B675|&amp;#x2b675;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B676|&amp;#x2b676;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B677|&amp;#x2b677;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B678|&amp;#x2b678;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B679|&amp;#x2b679;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B67A|&amp;#x2b67a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B67B|&amp;#x2b67b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B67C|&amp;#x2b67c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B67D|&amp;#x2b67d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B67E|&amp;#x2b67e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B67F|&amp;#x2b67f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2B68x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B680|&amp;#x2b680;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B681|&amp;#x2b681;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B682|&amp;#x2b682;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B683|&amp;#x2b683;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B684|&amp;#x2b684;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B685|&amp;#x2b685;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B686|&amp;#x2b686;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B687|&amp;#x2b687;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B688|&amp;#x2b688;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B689|&amp;#x2b689;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B68A|&amp;#x2b68a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B68B|&amp;#x2b68b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B68C|&amp;#x2b68c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B68D|&amp;#x2b68d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B68E|&amp;#x2b68e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B68F|&amp;#x2b68f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2B69x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B690|&amp;#x2b690;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B691|&amp;#x2b691;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B692|&amp;#x2b692;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B693|&amp;#x2b693;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B694|&amp;#x2b694;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B695|&amp;#x2b695;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B696|&amp;#x2b696;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B697|&amp;#x2b697;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B698|&amp;#x2b698;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B699|&amp;#x2b699;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B69A|&amp;#x2b69a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B69B|&amp;#x2b69b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B69C|&amp;#x2b69c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B69D|&amp;#x2b69d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B69E|&amp;#x2b69e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B69F|&amp;#x2b69f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2B6Ax
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B6A0|&amp;#x2b6a0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B6A1|&amp;#x2b6a1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B6A2|&amp;#x2b6a2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B6A3|&amp;#x2b6a3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B6A4|&amp;#x2b6a4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B6A5|&amp;#x2b6a5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B6A6|&amp;#x2b6a6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B6A7|&amp;#x2b6a7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B6A8|&amp;#x2b6a8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B6A9|&amp;#x2b6a9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B6AA|&amp;#x2b6aa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B6AB|&amp;#x2b6ab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B6AC|&amp;#x2b6ac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B6AD|&amp;#x2b6ad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B6AE|&amp;#x2b6ae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B6AF|&amp;#x2b6af;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2B6Bx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B6B0|&amp;#x2b6b0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B6B1|&amp;#x2b6b1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B6B2|&amp;#x2b6b2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B6B3|&amp;#x2b6b3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B6B4|&amp;#x2b6b4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B6B5|&amp;#x2b6b5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B6B6|&amp;#x2b6b6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B6B7|&amp;#x2b6b7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B6B8|&amp;#x2b6b8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B6B9|&amp;#x2b6b9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B6BA|&amp;#x2b6ba;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B6BB|&amp;#x2b6bb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B6BC|&amp;#x2b6bc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B6BD|&amp;#x2b6bd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B6BE|&amp;#x2b6be;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B6BF|&amp;#x2b6bf;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2B6Cx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B6C0|&amp;#x2b6c0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B6C1|&amp;#x2b6c1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B6C2|&amp;#x2b6c2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B6C3|&amp;#x2b6c3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B6C4|&amp;#x2b6c4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B6C5|&amp;#x2b6c5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B6C6|&amp;#x2b6c6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B6C7|&amp;#x2b6c7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B6C8|&amp;#x2b6c8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B6C9|&amp;#x2b6c9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B6CA|&amp;#x2b6ca;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B6CB|&amp;#x2b6cb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B6CC|&amp;#x2b6cc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B6CD|&amp;#x2b6cd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B6CE|&amp;#x2b6ce;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B6CF|&amp;#x2b6cf;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2B6Dx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B6D0|&amp;#x2b6d0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B6D1|&amp;#x2b6d1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B6D2|&amp;#x2b6d2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B6D3|&amp;#x2b6d3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B6D4|&amp;#x2b6d4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B6D5|&amp;#x2b6d5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B6D6|&amp;#x2b6d6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B6D7|&amp;#x2b6d7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B6D8|&amp;#x2b6d8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B6D9|&amp;#x2b6d9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B6DA|&amp;#x2b6da;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B6DB|&amp;#x2b6db;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B6DC|&amp;#x2b6dc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B6DD|&amp;#x2b6dd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B6DE|&amp;#x2b6de;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B6DF|&amp;#x2b6df;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2B6Ex
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B6E0|&amp;#x2b6e0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B6E1|&amp;#x2b6e1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B6E2|&amp;#x2b6e2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B6E3|&amp;#x2b6e3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B6E4|&amp;#x2b6e4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B6E5|&amp;#x2b6e5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B6E6|&amp;#x2b6e6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B6E7|&amp;#x2b6e7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B6E8|&amp;#x2b6e8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B6E9|&amp;#x2b6e9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B6EA|&amp;#x2b6ea;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B6EB|&amp;#x2b6eb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B6EC|&amp;#x2b6ec;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B6ED|&amp;#x2b6ed;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B6EE|&amp;#x2b6ee;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B6EF|&amp;#x2b6ef;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2B6Fx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B6F0|&amp;#x2b6f0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B6F1|&amp;#x2b6f1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B6F2|&amp;#x2b6f2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B6F3|&amp;#x2b6f3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B6F4|&amp;#x2b6f4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B6F5|&amp;#x2b6f5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B6F6|&amp;#x2b6f6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B6F7|&amp;#x2b6f7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B6F8|&amp;#x2b6f8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B6F9|&amp;#x2b6f9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B6FA|&amp;#x2b6fa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B6FB|&amp;#x2b6fb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B6FC|&amp;#x2b6fc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B6FD|&amp;#x2b6fd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B6FE|&amp;#x2b6fe;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B6FF|&amp;#x2b6ff;}}
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2B70x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B700|&amp;#x2b700;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B701|&amp;#x2b701;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B702|&amp;#x2b702;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B703|&amp;#x2b703;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B704|&amp;#x2b704;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B705|&amp;#x2b705;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B706|&amp;#x2b706;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B707|&amp;#x2b707;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B708|&amp;#x2b708;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B709|&amp;#x2b709;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B70A|&amp;#x2b70a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B70B|&amp;#x2b70b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B70C|&amp;#x2b70c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B70D|&amp;#x2b70d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B70E|&amp;#x2b70e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B70F|&amp;#x2b70f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2B71x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B710|&amp;#x2b710;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B711|&amp;#x2b711;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B712|&amp;#x2b712;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B713|&amp;#x2b713;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B714|&amp;#x2b714;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B715|&amp;#x2b715;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B716|&amp;#x2b716;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B717|&amp;#x2b717;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B718|&amp;#x2b718;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B719|&amp;#x2b719;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B71A|&amp;#x2b71a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B71B|&amp;#x2b71b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B71C|&amp;#x2b71c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B71D|&amp;#x2b71d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B71E|&amp;#x2b71e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B71F|&amp;#x2b71f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2B72x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B720|&amp;#x2b720;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B721|&amp;#x2b721;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B722|&amp;#x2b722;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B723|&amp;#x2b723;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B724|&amp;#x2b724;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B725|&amp;#x2b725;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B726|&amp;#x2b726;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B727|&amp;#x2b727;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B728|&amp;#x2b728;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B729|&amp;#x2b729;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B72A|&amp;#x2b72a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B72B|&amp;#x2b72b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B72C|&amp;#x2b72c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B72D|&amp;#x2b72d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B72E|&amp;#x2b72e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B72F|&amp;#x2b72f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2B73x
|style=&quot;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B730|&amp;#x2b730;}}||style=&quot;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B731|&amp;#x2b731;}}||style=&quot;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B732|&amp;#x2b732;}}||style=&quot;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B733|&amp;#x2b733;}}||style=&quot;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B734|&amp;#x2b734;}}||style=&quot;background:#ffc0e0;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B735|&amp;#x2b735;}}||style=&quot;background:#ffc0e0;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B736|&amp;#x2b736;}}||style=&quot;background:#ffc0e0;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B737|&amp;#x2b737;}}||style=&quot;background:#ffc0e0;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B738|&amp;#x2b738;}}||style=&quot;background:#ffc0c0;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B739|&amp;#x2b739;}}||style=&quot;background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B73A|&amp;#x2b73a;}}||style=&quot;background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B73B|&amp;#x2b73b;}}||style=&quot;background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B73C|&amp;#x2b73c;}}||style=&quot;background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B73D|&amp;#x2b73d;}}||style=&quot;background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B73E|&amp;#x2b73e;}}||style=&quot;background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B73F|&amp;#x2b73f;}}
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | '''CJK Unified Ideographs Extension D'''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#7bffe8;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2B74x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B740|&amp;#x2b740;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B741|&amp;#x2b741;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B742|&amp;#x2b742;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B743|&amp;#x2b743;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B744|&amp;#x2b744;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B745|&amp;#x2b745;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B746|&amp;#x2b746;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B747|&amp;#x2b747;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B748|&amp;#x2b748;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B749|&amp;#x2b749;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B74A|&amp;#x2b74a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B74B|&amp;#x2b74b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B74C|&amp;#x2b74c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B74D|&amp;#x2b74d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B74E|&amp;#x2b74e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B74F|&amp;#x2b74f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#7bffe8;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2B75x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B750|&amp;#x2b750;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B751|&amp;#x2b751;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B752|&amp;#x2b752;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B753|&amp;#x2b753;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B754|&amp;#x2b754;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B755|&amp;#x2b755;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B756|&amp;#x2b756;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B757|&amp;#x2b757;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B758|&amp;#x2b758;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B759|&amp;#x2b759;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B75A|&amp;#x2b75a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B75B|&amp;#x2b75b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B75C|&amp;#x2b75c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B75D|&amp;#x2b75d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B75E|&amp;#x2b75e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B75F|&amp;#x2b75f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#7bffe8;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2B76x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B760|&amp;#x2b760;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B761|&amp;#x2b761;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B762|&amp;#x2b762;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B763|&amp;#x2b763;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B764|&amp;#x2b764;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B765|&amp;#x2b765;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B766|&amp;#x2b766;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B767|&amp;#x2b767;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B768|&amp;#x2b768;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B769|&amp;#x2b769;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B76A|&amp;#x2b76a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B76B|&amp;#x2b76b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B76C|&amp;#x2b76c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B76D|&amp;#x2b76d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B76E|&amp;#x2b76e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B76F|&amp;#x2b76f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#7bffe8;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2B77x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B770|&amp;#x2b770;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B771|&amp;#x2b771;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B772|&amp;#x2b772;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B773|&amp;#x2b773;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B774|&amp;#x2b774;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B775|&amp;#x2b775;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B776|&amp;#x2b776;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B777|&amp;#x2b777;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B778|&amp;#x2b778;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B779|&amp;#x2b779;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B77A|&amp;#x2b77a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B77B|&amp;#x2b77b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B77C|&amp;#x2b77c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B77D|&amp;#x2b77d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B77E|&amp;#x2b77e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B77F|&amp;#x2b77f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#7bffe8;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2B78x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B780|&amp;#x2b780;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B781|&amp;#x2b781;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B782|&amp;#x2b782;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B783|&amp;#x2b783;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B784|&amp;#x2b784;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B785|&amp;#x2b785;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B786|&amp;#x2b786;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B787|&amp;#x2b787;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B788|&amp;#x2b788;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B789|&amp;#x2b789;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B78A|&amp;#x2b78a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B78B|&amp;#x2b78b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B78C|&amp;#x2b78c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B78D|&amp;#x2b78d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B78E|&amp;#x2b78e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B78F|&amp;#x2b78f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#7bffe8;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2B79x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B790|&amp;#x2b790;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B791|&amp;#x2b791;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B792|&amp;#x2b792;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B793|&amp;#x2b793;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B794|&amp;#x2b794;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B795|&amp;#x2b795;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B796|&amp;#x2b796;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B797|&amp;#x2b797;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B798|&amp;#x2b798;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B799|&amp;#x2b799;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B79A|&amp;#x2b79a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B79B|&amp;#x2b79b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B79C|&amp;#x2b79c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B79D|&amp;#x2b79d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B79E|&amp;#x2b79e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B79F|&amp;#x2b79f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#7bffe8;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2B7Ax
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B7A0|&amp;#x2b7a0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B7A1|&amp;#x2b7a1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B7A2|&amp;#x2b7a2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B7A3|&amp;#x2b7a3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B7A4|&amp;#x2b7a4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B7A5|&amp;#x2b7a5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B7A6|&amp;#x2b7a6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B7A7|&amp;#x2b7a7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B7A8|&amp;#x2b7a8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B7A9|&amp;#x2b7a9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B7AA|&amp;#x2b7aa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B7AB|&amp;#x2b7ab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B7AC|&amp;#x2b7ac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B7AD|&amp;#x2b7ad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B7AE|&amp;#x2b7ae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B7AF|&amp;#x2b7af;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#7bffe8;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2B7Bx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B7B0|&amp;#x2b7b0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B7B1|&amp;#x2b7b1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B7B2|&amp;#x2b7b2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B7B3|&amp;#x2b7b3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B7B4|&amp;#x2b7b4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B7B5|&amp;#x2b7b5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B7B6|&amp;#x2b7b6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B7B7|&amp;#x2b7b7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B7B8|&amp;#x2b7b8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B7B9|&amp;#x2b7b9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B7BA|&amp;#x2b7ba;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B7BB|&amp;#x2b7bb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B7BC|&amp;#x2b7bc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B7BD|&amp;#x2b7bd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B7BE|&amp;#x2b7be;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B7BF|&amp;#x2b7bf;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#7bffe8;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2B7Cx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B7C0|&amp;#x2b7c0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B7C1|&amp;#x2b7c1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B7C2|&amp;#x2b7c2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B7C3|&amp;#x2b7c3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B7C4|&amp;#x2b7c4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B7C5|&amp;#x2b7c5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B7C6|&amp;#x2b7c6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B7C7|&amp;#x2b7c7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B7C8|&amp;#x2b7c8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B7C9|&amp;#x2b7c9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B7CA|&amp;#x2b7ca;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B7CB|&amp;#x2b7cb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B7CC|&amp;#x2b7cc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B7CD|&amp;#x2b7cd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B7CE|&amp;#x2b7ce;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B7CF|&amp;#x2b7cf;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#7bffe8;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2B7Dx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B7D0|&amp;#x2b7d0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B7D1|&amp;#x2b7d1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B7D2|&amp;#x2b7d2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B7D3|&amp;#x2b7d3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B7D4|&amp;#x2b7d4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B7D5|&amp;#x2b7d5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B7D6|&amp;#x2b7d6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B7D7|&amp;#x2b7d7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B7D8|&amp;#x2b7d8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B7D9|&amp;#x2b7d9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B7DA|&amp;#x2b7da;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B7DB|&amp;#x2b7db;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B7DC|&amp;#x2b7dc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B7DD|&amp;#x2b7dd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B7DE|&amp;#x2b7de;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B7DF|&amp;#x2b7df;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#7bffe8;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2B7Ex
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B7E0|&amp;#x2b7e0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B7E1|&amp;#x2b7e1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B7E2|&amp;#x2b7e2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B7E3|&amp;#x2b7e3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B7E4|&amp;#x2b7e4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B7E5|&amp;#x2b7e5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B7E6|&amp;#x2b7e6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B7E7|&amp;#x2b7e7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B7E8|&amp;#x2b7e8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B7E9|&amp;#x2b7e9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B7EA|&amp;#x2b7ea;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B7EB|&amp;#x2b7eb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B7EC|&amp;#x2b7ec;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B7ED|&amp;#x2b7ed;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B7EE|&amp;#x2b7ee;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B7EF|&amp;#x2b7ef;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#7bffe8;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2B7Fx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B7F0|&amp;#x2b7f0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B7F1|&amp;#x2b7f1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B7F2|&amp;#x2b7f2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B7F3|&amp;#x2b7f3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B7F4|&amp;#x2b7f4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B7F5|&amp;#x2b7f5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B7F6|&amp;#x2b7f6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B7F7|&amp;#x2b7f7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B7F8|&amp;#x2b7f8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B7F9|&amp;#x2b7f9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B7FA|&amp;#x2b7fa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B7FB|&amp;#x2b7fb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B7FC|&amp;#x2b7fc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B7FD|&amp;#x2b7fd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B7FE|&amp;#x2b7fe;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B7FF|&amp;#x2b7ff;}}
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#7bffe8;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2B80x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B800|&amp;#x2b800;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B801|&amp;#x2b801;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B802|&amp;#x2b802;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B803|&amp;#x2b803;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B804|&amp;#x2b804;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B805|&amp;#x2b805;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B806|&amp;#x2b806;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B807|&amp;#x2b807;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B808|&amp;#x2b808;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B809|&amp;#x2b809;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B80A|&amp;#x2b80a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B80B|&amp;#x2b80b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B80C|&amp;#x2b80c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B80D|&amp;#x2b80d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B80E|&amp;#x2b80e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B80F|&amp;#x2b80f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#7bffe8;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2B81x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B810|&amp;#x2b810;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B811|&amp;#x2b811;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B812|&amp;#x2b812;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B813|&amp;#x2b813;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B814|&amp;#x2b814;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B815|&amp;#x2b815;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B816|&amp;#x2b816;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B817|&amp;#x2b817;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B818|&amp;#x2b818;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B819|&amp;#x2b819;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B81A|&amp;#x2b81a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B81B|&amp;#x2b81b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B81C|&amp;#x2b81c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B81D|&amp;#x2b81d;}}||style=&quot;{{18.0}};{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B81E|&amp;#x2b81e;}}||style=&quot;{{19.0}};{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B81F|&amp;#x2b81f;}}
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | '''CJK Unified Ideographs Extension E'''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2B82x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B820|&amp;#x2b820;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B821|&amp;#x2b821;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B822|&amp;#x2b822;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B823|&amp;#x2b823;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B824|&amp;#x2b824;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B825|&amp;#x2b825;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B826|&amp;#x2b826;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B827|&amp;#x2b827;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B828|&amp;#x2b828;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B829|&amp;#x2b829;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B82A|&amp;#x2b82a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B82B|&amp;#x2b82b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B82C|&amp;#x2b82c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B82D|&amp;#x2b82d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B82E|&amp;#x2b82e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B82F|&amp;#x2b82f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2B83x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B830|&amp;#x2b830;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B831|&amp;#x2b831;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B832|&amp;#x2b832;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B833|&amp;#x2b833;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B834|&amp;#x2b834;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B835|&amp;#x2b835;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B836|&amp;#x2b836;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B837|&amp;#x2b837;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B838|&amp;#x2b838;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B839|&amp;#x2b839;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B83A|&amp;#x2b83a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B83B|&amp;#x2b83b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B83C|&amp;#x2b83c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B83D|&amp;#x2b83d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B83E|&amp;#x2b83e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B83F|&amp;#x2b83f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2B84x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B840|&amp;#x2b840;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B841|&amp;#x2b841;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B842|&amp;#x2b842;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B843|&amp;#x2b843;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B844|&amp;#x2b844;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B845|&amp;#x2b845;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B846|&amp;#x2b846;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B847|&amp;#x2b847;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B848|&amp;#x2b848;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B849|&amp;#x2b849;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B84A|&amp;#x2b84a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B84B|&amp;#x2b84b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B84C|&amp;#x2b84c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B84D|&amp;#x2b84d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B84E|&amp;#x2b84e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B84F|&amp;#x2b84f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2B85x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B850|&amp;#x2b850;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B851|&amp;#x2b851;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B852|&amp;#x2b852;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B853|&amp;#x2b853;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B854|&amp;#x2b854;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B855|&amp;#x2b855;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B856|&amp;#x2b856;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B857|&amp;#x2b857;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B858|&amp;#x2b858;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B859|&amp;#x2b859;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B85A|&amp;#x2b85a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B85B|&amp;#x2b85b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B85C|&amp;#x2b85c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B85D|&amp;#x2b85d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B85E|&amp;#x2b85e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B85F|&amp;#x2b85f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2B86x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B860|&amp;#x2b860;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B861|&amp;#x2b861;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B862|&amp;#x2b862;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B863|&amp;#x2b863;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B864|&amp;#x2b864;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B865|&amp;#x2b865;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B866|&amp;#x2b866;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B867|&amp;#x2b867;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B868|&amp;#x2b868;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B869|&amp;#x2b869;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B86A|&amp;#x2b86a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B86B|&amp;#x2b86b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B86C|&amp;#x2b86c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B86D|&amp;#x2b86d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B86E|&amp;#x2b86e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B86F|&amp;#x2b86f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2B87x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B870|&amp;#x2b870;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B871|&amp;#x2b871;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B872|&amp;#x2b872;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B873|&amp;#x2b873;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B874|&amp;#x2b874;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B875|&amp;#x2b875;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B876|&amp;#x2b876;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B877|&amp;#x2b877;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B878|&amp;#x2b878;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B879|&amp;#x2b879;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B87A|&amp;#x2b87a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B87B|&amp;#x2b87b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B87C|&amp;#x2b87c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B87D|&amp;#x2b87d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B87E|&amp;#x2b87e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B87F|&amp;#x2b87f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2B88x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B880|&amp;#x2b880;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B881|&amp;#x2b881;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B882|&amp;#x2b882;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B883|&amp;#x2b883;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B884|&amp;#x2b884;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B885|&amp;#x2b885;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B886|&amp;#x2b886;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B887|&amp;#x2b887;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B888|&amp;#x2b888;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B889|&amp;#x2b889;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B88A|&amp;#x2b88a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B88B|&amp;#x2b88b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B88C|&amp;#x2b88c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B88D|&amp;#x2b88d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B88E|&amp;#x2b88e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B88F|&amp;#x2b88f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2B89x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B890|&amp;#x2b890;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B891|&amp;#x2b891;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B892|&amp;#x2b892;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B893|&amp;#x2b893;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B894|&amp;#x2b894;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B895|&amp;#x2b895;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B896|&amp;#x2b896;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B897|&amp;#x2b897;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B898|&amp;#x2b898;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B899|&amp;#x2b899;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B89A|&amp;#x2b89a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B89B|&amp;#x2b89b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B89C|&amp;#x2b89c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B89D|&amp;#x2b89d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B89E|&amp;#x2b89e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B89F|&amp;#x2b89f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2B8Ax
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B8A0|&amp;#x2b8a0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B8A1|&amp;#x2b8a1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B8A2|&amp;#x2b8a2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B8A3|&amp;#x2b8a3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B8A4|&amp;#x2b8a4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B8A5|&amp;#x2b8a5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B8A6|&amp;#x2b8a6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B8A7|&amp;#x2b8a7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B8A8|&amp;#x2b8a8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B8A9|&amp;#x2b8a9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B8AA|&amp;#x2b8aa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B8AB|&amp;#x2b8ab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B8AC|&amp;#x2b8ac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B8AD|&amp;#x2b8ad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B8AE|&amp;#x2b8ae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B8AF|&amp;#x2b8af;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2B8Bx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B8B0|&amp;#x2b8b0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B8B1|&amp;#x2b8b1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B8B2|&amp;#x2b8b2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B8B3|&amp;#x2b8b3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B8B4|&amp;#x2b8b4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B8B5|&amp;#x2b8b5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B8B6|&amp;#x2b8b6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B8B7|&amp;#x2b8b7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B8B8|&amp;#x2b8b8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B8B9|&amp;#x2b8b9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B8BA|&amp;#x2b8ba;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B8BB|&amp;#x2b8bb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B8BC|&amp;#x2b8bc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B8BD|&amp;#x2b8bd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B8BE|&amp;#x2b8be;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B8BF|&amp;#x2b8bf;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2B8Cx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B8C0|&amp;#x2b8c0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B8C1|&amp;#x2b8c1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B8C2|&amp;#x2b8c2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B8C3|&amp;#x2b8c3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B8C4|&amp;#x2b8c4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B8C5|&amp;#x2b8c5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B8C6|&amp;#x2b8c6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B8C7|&amp;#x2b8c7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B8C8|&amp;#x2b8c8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B8C9|&amp;#x2b8c9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B8CA|&amp;#x2b8ca;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B8CB|&amp;#x2b8cb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B8CC|&amp;#x2b8cc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B8CD|&amp;#x2b8cd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B8CE|&amp;#x2b8ce;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B8CF|&amp;#x2b8cf;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2B8Dx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B8D0|&amp;#x2b8d0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B8D1|&amp;#x2b8d1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B8D2|&amp;#x2b8d2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B8D3|&amp;#x2b8d3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B8D4|&amp;#x2b8d4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B8D5|&amp;#x2b8d5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B8D6|&amp;#x2b8d6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B8D7|&amp;#x2b8d7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B8D8|&amp;#x2b8d8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B8D9|&amp;#x2b8d9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B8DA|&amp;#x2b8da;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B8DB|&amp;#x2b8db;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B8DC|&amp;#x2b8dc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B8DD|&amp;#x2b8dd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B8DE|&amp;#x2b8de;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B8DF|&amp;#x2b8df;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2B8Ex
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B8E0|&amp;#x2b8e0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B8E1|&amp;#x2b8e1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B8E2|&amp;#x2b8e2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B8E3|&amp;#x2b8e3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B8E4|&amp;#x2b8e4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B8E5|&amp;#x2b8e5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B8E6|&amp;#x2b8e6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B8E7|&amp;#x2b8e7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B8E8|&amp;#x2b8e8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B8E9|&amp;#x2b8e9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B8EA|&amp;#x2b8ea;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B8EB|&amp;#x2b8eb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B8EC|&amp;#x2b8ec;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B8ED|&amp;#x2b8ed;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B8EE|&amp;#x2b8ee;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B8EF|&amp;#x2b8ef;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2B8Fx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B8F0|&amp;#x2b8f0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B8F1|&amp;#x2b8f1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B8F2|&amp;#x2b8f2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B8F3|&amp;#x2b8f3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B8F4|&amp;#x2b8f4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B8F5|&amp;#x2b8f5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B8F6|&amp;#x2b8f6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B8F7|&amp;#x2b8f7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B8F8|&amp;#x2b8f8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B8F9|&amp;#x2b8f9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B8FA|&amp;#x2b8fa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B8FB|&amp;#x2b8fb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B8FC|&amp;#x2b8fc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B8FD|&amp;#x2b8fd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B8FE|&amp;#x2b8fe;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B8FF|&amp;#x2b8ff;}}
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2B90x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B900|&amp;#x2b900;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B901|&amp;#x2b901;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B902|&amp;#x2b902;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B903|&amp;#x2b903;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B904|&amp;#x2b904;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B905|&amp;#x2b905;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B906|&amp;#x2b906;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B907|&amp;#x2b907;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B908|&amp;#x2b908;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B909|&amp;#x2b909;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B90A|&amp;#x2b90a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B90B|&amp;#x2b90b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B90C|&amp;#x2b90c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B90D|&amp;#x2b90d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B90E|&amp;#x2b90e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B90F|&amp;#x2b90f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2B91x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B910|&amp;#x2b910;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B911|&amp;#x2b911;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B912|&amp;#x2b912;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B913|&amp;#x2b913;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B914|&amp;#x2b914;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B915|&amp;#x2b915;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B916|&amp;#x2b916;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B917|&amp;#x2b917;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B918|&amp;#x2b918;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B919|&amp;#x2b919;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B91A|&amp;#x2b91a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B91B|&amp;#x2b91b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B91C|&amp;#x2b91c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B91D|&amp;#x2b91d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B91E|&amp;#x2b91e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B91F|&amp;#x2b91f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2B92x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B920|&amp;#x2b920;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B921|&amp;#x2b921;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B922|&amp;#x2b922;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B923|&amp;#x2b923;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B924|&amp;#x2b924;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B925|&amp;#x2b925;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B926|&amp;#x2b926;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B927|&amp;#x2b927;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B928|&amp;#x2b928;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B929|&amp;#x2b929;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B92A|&amp;#x2b92a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B92B|&amp;#x2b92b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B92C|&amp;#x2b92c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B92D|&amp;#x2b92d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B92E|&amp;#x2b92e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B92F|&amp;#x2b92f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2B93x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B930|&amp;#x2b930;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B931|&amp;#x2b931;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B932|&amp;#x2b932;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B933|&amp;#x2b933;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B934|&amp;#x2b934;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B935|&amp;#x2b935;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B936|&amp;#x2b936;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B937|&amp;#x2b937;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B938|&amp;#x2b938;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B939|&amp;#x2b939;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B93A|&amp;#x2b93a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B93B|&amp;#x2b93b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B93C|&amp;#x2b93c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B93D|&amp;#x2b93d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B93E|&amp;#x2b93e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B93F|&amp;#x2b93f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2B94x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B940|&amp;#x2b940;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B941|&amp;#x2b941;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B942|&amp;#x2b942;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B943|&amp;#x2b943;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B944|&amp;#x2b944;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B945|&amp;#x2b945;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B946|&amp;#x2b946;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B947|&amp;#x2b947;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B948|&amp;#x2b948;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B949|&amp;#x2b949;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B94A|&amp;#x2b94a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B94B|&amp;#x2b94b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B94C|&amp;#x2b94c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B94D|&amp;#x2b94d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B94E|&amp;#x2b94e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B94F|&amp;#x2b94f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2B95x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B950|&amp;#x2b950;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B951|&amp;#x2b951;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B952|&amp;#x2b952;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B953|&amp;#x2b953;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B954|&amp;#x2b954;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B955|&amp;#x2b955;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B956|&amp;#x2b956;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B957|&amp;#x2b957;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B958|&amp;#x2b958;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B959|&amp;#x2b959;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B95A|&amp;#x2b95a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B95B|&amp;#x2b95b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B95C|&amp;#x2b95c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B95D|&amp;#x2b95d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B95E|&amp;#x2b95e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B95F|&amp;#x2b95f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2B96x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B960|&amp;#x2b960;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B961|&amp;#x2b961;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B962|&amp;#x2b962;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B963|&amp;#x2b963;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B964|&amp;#x2b964;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B965|&amp;#x2b965;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B966|&amp;#x2b966;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B967|&amp;#x2b967;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B968|&amp;#x2b968;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B969|&amp;#x2b969;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B96A|&amp;#x2b96a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B96B|&amp;#x2b96b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B96C|&amp;#x2b96c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B96D|&amp;#x2b96d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B96E|&amp;#x2b96e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B96F|&amp;#x2b96f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2B97x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B970|&amp;#x2b970;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B971|&amp;#x2b971;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B972|&amp;#x2b972;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B973|&amp;#x2b973;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B974|&amp;#x2b974;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B975|&amp;#x2b975;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B976|&amp;#x2b976;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B977|&amp;#x2b977;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B978|&amp;#x2b978;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B979|&amp;#x2b979;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B97A|&amp;#x2b97a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B97B|&amp;#x2b97b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B97C|&amp;#x2b97c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B97D|&amp;#x2b97d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B97E|&amp;#x2b97e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B97F|&amp;#x2b97f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2B98x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B980|&amp;#x2b980;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B981|&amp;#x2b981;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B982|&amp;#x2b982;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B983|&amp;#x2b983;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B984|&amp;#x2b984;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B985|&amp;#x2b985;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B986|&amp;#x2b986;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B987|&amp;#x2b987;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B988|&amp;#x2b988;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B989|&amp;#x2b989;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B98A|&amp;#x2b98a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B98B|&amp;#x2b98b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B98C|&amp;#x2b98c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B98D|&amp;#x2b98d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B98E|&amp;#x2b98e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B98F|&amp;#x2b98f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2B99x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B990|&amp;#x2b990;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B991|&amp;#x2b991;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B992|&amp;#x2b992;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B993|&amp;#x2b993;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B994|&amp;#x2b994;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B995|&amp;#x2b995;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B996|&amp;#x2b996;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B997|&amp;#x2b997;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B998|&amp;#x2b998;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B999|&amp;#x2b999;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B99A|&amp;#x2b99a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B99B|&amp;#x2b99b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B99C|&amp;#x2b99c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B99D|&amp;#x2b99d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B99E|&amp;#x2b99e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B99F|&amp;#x2b99f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2B9Ax
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B9A0|&amp;#x2b9a0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B9A1|&amp;#x2b9a1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B9A2|&amp;#x2b9a2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B9A3|&amp;#x2b9a3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B9A4|&amp;#x2b9a4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B9A5|&amp;#x2b9a5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B9A6|&amp;#x2b9a6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B9A7|&amp;#x2b9a7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B9A8|&amp;#x2b9a8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B9A9|&amp;#x2b9a9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B9AA|&amp;#x2b9aa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B9AB|&amp;#x2b9ab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B9AC|&amp;#x2b9ac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B9AD|&amp;#x2b9ad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B9AE|&amp;#x2b9ae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B9AF|&amp;#x2b9af;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2B9Bx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B9B0|&amp;#x2b9b0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B9B1|&amp;#x2b9b1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B9B2|&amp;#x2b9b2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B9B3|&amp;#x2b9b3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B9B4|&amp;#x2b9b4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B9B5|&amp;#x2b9b5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B9B6|&amp;#x2b9b6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B9B7|&amp;#x2b9b7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B9B8|&amp;#x2b9b8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B9B9|&amp;#x2b9b9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B9BA|&amp;#x2b9ba;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B9BB|&amp;#x2b9bb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B9BC|&amp;#x2b9bc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B9BD|&amp;#x2b9bd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B9BE|&amp;#x2b9be;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B9BF|&amp;#x2b9bf;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2B9Cx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B9C0|&amp;#x2b9c0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B9C1|&amp;#x2b9c1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B9C2|&amp;#x2b9c2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B9C3|&amp;#x2b9c3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B9C4|&amp;#x2b9c4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B9C5|&amp;#x2b9c5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B9C6|&amp;#x2b9c6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B9C7|&amp;#x2b9c7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B9C8|&amp;#x2b9c8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B9C9|&amp;#x2b9c9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B9CA|&amp;#x2b9ca;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B9CB|&amp;#x2b9cb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B9CC|&amp;#x2b9cc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B9CD|&amp;#x2b9cd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B9CE|&amp;#x2b9ce;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B9CF|&amp;#x2b9cf;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2B9Dx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B9D0|&amp;#x2b9d0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B9D1|&amp;#x2b9d1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B9D2|&amp;#x2b9d2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B9D3|&amp;#x2b9d3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B9D4|&amp;#x2b9d4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B9D5|&amp;#x2b9d5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B9D6|&amp;#x2b9d6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B9D7|&amp;#x2b9d7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B9D8|&amp;#x2b9d8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B9D9|&amp;#x2b9d9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B9DA|&amp;#x2b9da;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B9DB|&amp;#x2b9db;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B9DC|&amp;#x2b9dc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B9DD|&amp;#x2b9dd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B9DE|&amp;#x2b9de;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B9DF|&amp;#x2b9df;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2B9Ex
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B9E0|&amp;#x2b9e0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B9E1|&amp;#x2b9e1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B9E2|&amp;#x2b9e2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B9E3|&amp;#x2b9e3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B9E4|&amp;#x2b9e4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B9E5|&amp;#x2b9e5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B9E6|&amp;#x2b9e6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B9E7|&amp;#x2b9e7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B9E8|&amp;#x2b9e8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B9E9|&amp;#x2b9e9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B9EA|&amp;#x2b9ea;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B9EB|&amp;#x2b9eb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B9EC|&amp;#x2b9ec;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B9ED|&amp;#x2b9ed;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B9EE|&amp;#x2b9ee;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B9EF|&amp;#x2b9ef;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2B9Fx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B9F0|&amp;#x2b9f0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B9F1|&amp;#x2b9f1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B9F2|&amp;#x2b9f2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B9F3|&amp;#x2b9f3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B9F4|&amp;#x2b9f4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B9F5|&amp;#x2b9f5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B9F6|&amp;#x2b9f6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B9F7|&amp;#x2b9f7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B9F8|&amp;#x2b9f8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B9F9|&amp;#x2b9f9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B9FA|&amp;#x2b9fa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B9FB|&amp;#x2b9fb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B9FC|&amp;#x2b9fc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B9FD|&amp;#x2b9fd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B9FE|&amp;#x2b9fe;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2B9FF|&amp;#x2b9ff;}}
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2BA0x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BA00|&amp;#x2ba00;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BA01|&amp;#x2ba01;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BA02|&amp;#x2ba02;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BA03|&amp;#x2ba03;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BA04|&amp;#x2ba04;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BA05|&amp;#x2ba05;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BA06|&amp;#x2ba06;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BA07|&amp;#x2ba07;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BA08|&amp;#x2ba08;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BA09|&amp;#x2ba09;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BA0A|&amp;#x2ba0a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BA0B|&amp;#x2ba0b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BA0C|&amp;#x2ba0c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BA0D|&amp;#x2ba0d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BA0E|&amp;#x2ba0e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BA0F|&amp;#x2ba0f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2BA1x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BA10|&amp;#x2ba10;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BA11|&amp;#x2ba11;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BA12|&amp;#x2ba12;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BA13|&amp;#x2ba13;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BA14|&amp;#x2ba14;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BA15|&amp;#x2ba15;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BA16|&amp;#x2ba16;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BA17|&amp;#x2ba17;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BA18|&amp;#x2ba18;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BA19|&amp;#x2ba19;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BA1A|&amp;#x2ba1a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BA1B|&amp;#x2ba1b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BA1C|&amp;#x2ba1c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BA1D|&amp;#x2ba1d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BA1E|&amp;#x2ba1e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BA1F|&amp;#x2ba1f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2BA2x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BA20|&amp;#x2ba20;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BA21|&amp;#x2ba21;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BA22|&amp;#x2ba22;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BA23|&amp;#x2ba23;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BA24|&amp;#x2ba24;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BA25|&amp;#x2ba25;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BA26|&amp;#x2ba26;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BA27|&amp;#x2ba27;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BA28|&amp;#x2ba28;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BA29|&amp;#x2ba29;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BA2A|&amp;#x2ba2a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BA2B|&amp;#x2ba2b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BA2C|&amp;#x2ba2c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BA2D|&amp;#x2ba2d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BA2E|&amp;#x2ba2e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BA2F|&amp;#x2ba2f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2BA3x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BA30|&amp;#x2ba30;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BA31|&amp;#x2ba31;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BA32|&amp;#x2ba32;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BA33|&amp;#x2ba33;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BA34|&amp;#x2ba34;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BA35|&amp;#x2ba35;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BA36|&amp;#x2ba36;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BA37|&amp;#x2ba37;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BA38|&amp;#x2ba38;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BA39|&amp;#x2ba39;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BA3A|&amp;#x2ba3a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BA3B|&amp;#x2ba3b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BA3C|&amp;#x2ba3c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BA3D|&amp;#x2ba3d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BA3E|&amp;#x2ba3e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BA3F|&amp;#x2ba3f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2BA4x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BA40|&amp;#x2ba40;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BA41|&amp;#x2ba41;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BA42|&amp;#x2ba42;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BA43|&amp;#x2ba43;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BA44|&amp;#x2ba44;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BA45|&amp;#x2ba45;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BA46|&amp;#x2ba46;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BA47|&amp;#x2ba47;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BA48|&amp;#x2ba48;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BA49|&amp;#x2ba49;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BA4A|&amp;#x2ba4a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BA4B|&amp;#x2ba4b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BA4C|&amp;#x2ba4c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BA4D|&amp;#x2ba4d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BA4E|&amp;#x2ba4e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BA4F|&amp;#x2ba4f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2BA5x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BA50|&amp;#x2ba50;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BA51|&amp;#x2ba51;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BA52|&amp;#x2ba52;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BA53|&amp;#x2ba53;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BA54|&amp;#x2ba54;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BA55|&amp;#x2ba55;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BA56|&amp;#x2ba56;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BA57|&amp;#x2ba57;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BA58|&amp;#x2ba58;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BA59|&amp;#x2ba59;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BA5A|&amp;#x2ba5a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BA5B|&amp;#x2ba5b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BA5C|&amp;#x2ba5c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BA5D|&amp;#x2ba5d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BA5E|&amp;#x2ba5e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BA5F|&amp;#x2ba5f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2BA6x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BA60|&amp;#x2ba60;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BA61|&amp;#x2ba61;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BA62|&amp;#x2ba62;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BA63|&amp;#x2ba63;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BA64|&amp;#x2ba64;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BA65|&amp;#x2ba65;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BA66|&amp;#x2ba66;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BA67|&amp;#x2ba67;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BA68|&amp;#x2ba68;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BA69|&amp;#x2ba69;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BA6A|&amp;#x2ba6a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BA6B|&amp;#x2ba6b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BA6C|&amp;#x2ba6c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BA6D|&amp;#x2ba6d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BA6E|&amp;#x2ba6e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BA6F|&amp;#x2ba6f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2BA7x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BA70|&amp;#x2ba70;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BA71|&amp;#x2ba71;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BA72|&amp;#x2ba72;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BA73|&amp;#x2ba73;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BA74|&amp;#x2ba74;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BA75|&amp;#x2ba75;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BA76|&amp;#x2ba76;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BA77|&amp;#x2ba77;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BA78|&amp;#x2ba78;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BA79|&amp;#x2ba79;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BA7A|&amp;#x2ba7a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BA7B|&amp;#x2ba7b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BA7C|&amp;#x2ba7c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BA7D|&amp;#x2ba7d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BA7E|&amp;#x2ba7e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BA7F|&amp;#x2ba7f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2BA8x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BA80|&amp;#x2ba80;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BA81|&amp;#x2ba81;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BA82|&amp;#x2ba82;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BA83|&amp;#x2ba83;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BA84|&amp;#x2ba84;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BA85|&amp;#x2ba85;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BA86|&amp;#x2ba86;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BA87|&amp;#x2ba87;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BA88|&amp;#x2ba88;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BA89|&amp;#x2ba89;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BA8A|&amp;#x2ba8a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BA8B|&amp;#x2ba8b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BA8C|&amp;#x2ba8c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BA8D|&amp;#x2ba8d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BA8E|&amp;#x2ba8e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BA8F|&amp;#x2ba8f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2BA9x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BA90|&amp;#x2ba90;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BA91|&amp;#x2ba91;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BA92|&amp;#x2ba92;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BA93|&amp;#x2ba93;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BA94|&amp;#x2ba94;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BA95|&amp;#x2ba95;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BA96|&amp;#x2ba96;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BA97|&amp;#x2ba97;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BA98|&amp;#x2ba98;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BA99|&amp;#x2ba99;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BA9A|&amp;#x2ba9a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BA9B|&amp;#x2ba9b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BA9C|&amp;#x2ba9c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BA9D|&amp;#x2ba9d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BA9E|&amp;#x2ba9e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BA9F|&amp;#x2ba9f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2BAAx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BAA0|&amp;#x2baa0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BAA1|&amp;#x2baa1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BAA2|&amp;#x2baa2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BAA3|&amp;#x2baa3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BAA4|&amp;#x2baa4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BAA5|&amp;#x2baa5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BAA6|&amp;#x2baa6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BAA7|&amp;#x2baa7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BAA8|&amp;#x2baa8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BAA9|&amp;#x2baa9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BAAA|&amp;#x2baaa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BAAB|&amp;#x2baab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BAAC|&amp;#x2baac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BAAD|&amp;#x2baad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BAAE|&amp;#x2baae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BAAF|&amp;#x2baaf;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2BABx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BAB0|&amp;#x2bab0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BAB1|&amp;#x2bab1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BAB2|&amp;#x2bab2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BAB3|&amp;#x2bab3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BAB4|&amp;#x2bab4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BAB5|&amp;#x2bab5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BAB6|&amp;#x2bab6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BAB7|&amp;#x2bab7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BAB8|&amp;#x2bab8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BAB9|&amp;#x2bab9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BABA|&amp;#x2baba;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BABB|&amp;#x2babb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BABC|&amp;#x2babc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BABD|&amp;#x2babd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BABE|&amp;#x2babe;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BABF|&amp;#x2babf;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2BACx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BAC0|&amp;#x2bac0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BAC1|&amp;#x2bac1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BAC2|&amp;#x2bac2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BAC3|&amp;#x2bac3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BAC4|&amp;#x2bac4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BAC5|&amp;#x2bac5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BAC6|&amp;#x2bac6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BAC7|&amp;#x2bac7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BAC8|&amp;#x2bac8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BAC9|&amp;#x2bac9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BACA|&amp;#x2baca;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BACB|&amp;#x2bacb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BACC|&amp;#x2bacc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BACD|&amp;#x2bacd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BACE|&amp;#x2bace;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BACF|&amp;#x2bacf;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2BADx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BAD0|&amp;#x2bad0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BAD1|&amp;#x2bad1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BAD2|&amp;#x2bad2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BAD3|&amp;#x2bad3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BAD4|&amp;#x2bad4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BAD5|&amp;#x2bad5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BAD6|&amp;#x2bad6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BAD7|&amp;#x2bad7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BAD8|&amp;#x2bad8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BAD9|&amp;#x2bad9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BADA|&amp;#x2bada;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BADB|&amp;#x2badb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BADC|&amp;#x2badc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BADD|&amp;#x2badd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BADE|&amp;#x2bade;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BADF|&amp;#x2badf;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2BAEx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BAE0|&amp;#x2bae0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BAE1|&amp;#x2bae1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BAE2|&amp;#x2bae2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BAE3|&amp;#x2bae3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BAE4|&amp;#x2bae4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BAE5|&amp;#x2bae5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BAE6|&amp;#x2bae6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BAE7|&amp;#x2bae7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BAE8|&amp;#x2bae8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BAE9|&amp;#x2bae9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BAEA|&amp;#x2baea;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BAEB|&amp;#x2baeb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BAEC|&amp;#x2baec;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BAED|&amp;#x2baed;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BAEE|&amp;#x2baee;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BAEF|&amp;#x2baef;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2BAFx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BAF0|&amp;#x2baf0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BAF1|&amp;#x2baf1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BAF2|&amp;#x2baf2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BAF3|&amp;#x2baf3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BAF4|&amp;#x2baf4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BAF5|&amp;#x2baf5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BAF6|&amp;#x2baf6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BAF7|&amp;#x2baf7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BAF8|&amp;#x2baf8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BAF9|&amp;#x2baf9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BAFA|&amp;#x2bafa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BAFB|&amp;#x2bafb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BAFC|&amp;#x2bafc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BAFD|&amp;#x2bafd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BAFE|&amp;#x2bafe;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BAFF|&amp;#x2baff;}}
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2BB0x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BB00|&amp;#x2bb00;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BB01|&amp;#x2bb01;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BB02|&amp;#x2bb02;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BB03|&amp;#x2bb03;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BB04|&amp;#x2bb04;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BB05|&amp;#x2bb05;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BB06|&amp;#x2bb06;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BB07|&amp;#x2bb07;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BB08|&amp;#x2bb08;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BB09|&amp;#x2bb09;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BB0A|&amp;#x2bb0a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BB0B|&amp;#x2bb0b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BB0C|&amp;#x2bb0c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BB0D|&amp;#x2bb0d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BB0E|&amp;#x2bb0e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BB0F|&amp;#x2bb0f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2BB1x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BB10|&amp;#x2bb10;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BB11|&amp;#x2bb11;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BB12|&amp;#x2bb12;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BB13|&amp;#x2bb13;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BB14|&amp;#x2bb14;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BB15|&amp;#x2bb15;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BB16|&amp;#x2bb16;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BB17|&amp;#x2bb17;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BB18|&amp;#x2bb18;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BB19|&amp;#x2bb19;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BB1A|&amp;#x2bb1a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BB1B|&amp;#x2bb1b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BB1C|&amp;#x2bb1c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BB1D|&amp;#x2bb1d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BB1E|&amp;#x2bb1e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BB1F|&amp;#x2bb1f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2BB2x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BB20|&amp;#x2bb20;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BB21|&amp;#x2bb21;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BB22|&amp;#x2bb22;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BB23|&amp;#x2bb23;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BB24|&amp;#x2bb24;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BB25|&amp;#x2bb25;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BB26|&amp;#x2bb26;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BB27|&amp;#x2bb27;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BB28|&amp;#x2bb28;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BB29|&amp;#x2bb29;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BB2A|&amp;#x2bb2a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BB2B|&amp;#x2bb2b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BB2C|&amp;#x2bb2c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BB2D|&amp;#x2bb2d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BB2E|&amp;#x2bb2e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BB2F|&amp;#x2bb2f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2BB3x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BB30|&amp;#x2bb30;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BB31|&amp;#x2bb31;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BB32|&amp;#x2bb32;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BB33|&amp;#x2bb33;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BB34|&amp;#x2bb34;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BB35|&amp;#x2bb35;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BB36|&amp;#x2bb36;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BB37|&amp;#x2bb37;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BB38|&amp;#x2bb38;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BB39|&amp;#x2bb39;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BB3A|&amp;#x2bb3a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BB3B|&amp;#x2bb3b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BB3C|&amp;#x2bb3c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BB3D|&amp;#x2bb3d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BB3E|&amp;#x2bb3e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BB3F|&amp;#x2bb3f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2BB4x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BB40|&amp;#x2bb40;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BB41|&amp;#x2bb41;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BB42|&amp;#x2bb42;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BB43|&amp;#x2bb43;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BB44|&amp;#x2bb44;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BB45|&amp;#x2bb45;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BB46|&amp;#x2bb46;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BB47|&amp;#x2bb47;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BB48|&amp;#x2bb48;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BB49|&amp;#x2bb49;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BB4A|&amp;#x2bb4a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BB4B|&amp;#x2bb4b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BB4C|&amp;#x2bb4c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BB4D|&amp;#x2bb4d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BB4E|&amp;#x2bb4e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BB4F|&amp;#x2bb4f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2BB5x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BB50|&amp;#x2bb50;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BB51|&amp;#x2bb51;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BB52|&amp;#x2bb52;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BB53|&amp;#x2bb53;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BB54|&amp;#x2bb54;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BB55|&amp;#x2bb55;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BB56|&amp;#x2bb56;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BB57|&amp;#x2bb57;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BB58|&amp;#x2bb58;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BB59|&amp;#x2bb59;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BB5A|&amp;#x2bb5a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BB5B|&amp;#x2bb5b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BB5C|&amp;#x2bb5c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BB5D|&amp;#x2bb5d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BB5E|&amp;#x2bb5e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BB5F|&amp;#x2bb5f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2BB6x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BB60|&amp;#x2bb60;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BB61|&amp;#x2bb61;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BB62|&amp;#x2bb62;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BB63|&amp;#x2bb63;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BB64|&amp;#x2bb64;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BB65|&amp;#x2bb65;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BB66|&amp;#x2bb66;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BB67|&amp;#x2bb67;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BB68|&amp;#x2bb68;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BB69|&amp;#x2bb69;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BB6A|&amp;#x2bb6a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BB6B|&amp;#x2bb6b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BB6C|&amp;#x2bb6c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BB6D|&amp;#x2bb6d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BB6E|&amp;#x2bb6e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BB6F|&amp;#x2bb6f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2BB7x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BB70|&amp;#x2bb70;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BB71|&amp;#x2bb71;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BB72|&amp;#x2bb72;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BB73|&amp;#x2bb73;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BB74|&amp;#x2bb74;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BB75|&amp;#x2bb75;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BB76|&amp;#x2bb76;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BB77|&amp;#x2bb77;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BB78|&amp;#x2bb78;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BB79|&amp;#x2bb79;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BB7A|&amp;#x2bb7a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BB7B|&amp;#x2bb7b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BB7C|&amp;#x2bb7c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BB7D|&amp;#x2bb7d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BB7E|&amp;#x2bb7e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BB7F|&amp;#x2bb7f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2BB8x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BB80|&amp;#x2bb80;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BB81|&amp;#x2bb81;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BB82|&amp;#x2bb82;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BB83|&amp;#x2bb83;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BB84|&amp;#x2bb84;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BB85|&amp;#x2bb85;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BB86|&amp;#x2bb86;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BB87|&amp;#x2bb87;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BB88|&amp;#x2bb88;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BB89|&amp;#x2bb89;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BB8A|&amp;#x2bb8a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BB8B|&amp;#x2bb8b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BB8C|&amp;#x2bb8c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BB8D|&amp;#x2bb8d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BB8E|&amp;#x2bb8e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BB8F|&amp;#x2bb8f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2BB9x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BB90|&amp;#x2bb90;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BB91|&amp;#x2bb91;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BB92|&amp;#x2bb92;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BB93|&amp;#x2bb93;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BB94|&amp;#x2bb94;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BB95|&amp;#x2bb95;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BB96|&amp;#x2bb96;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BB97|&amp;#x2bb97;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BB98|&amp;#x2bb98;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BB99|&amp;#x2bb99;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BB9A|&amp;#x2bb9a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BB9B|&amp;#x2bb9b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BB9C|&amp;#x2bb9c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BB9D|&amp;#x2bb9d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BB9E|&amp;#x2bb9e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BB9F|&amp;#x2bb9f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2BBAx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BBA0|&amp;#x2bba0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BBA1|&amp;#x2bba1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BBA2|&amp;#x2bba2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BBA3|&amp;#x2bba3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BBA4|&amp;#x2bba4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BBA5|&amp;#x2bba5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BBA6|&amp;#x2bba6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BBA7|&amp;#x2bba7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BBA8|&amp;#x2bba8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BBA9|&amp;#x2bba9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BBAA|&amp;#x2bbaa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BBAB|&amp;#x2bbab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BBAC|&amp;#x2bbac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BBAD|&amp;#x2bbad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BBAE|&amp;#x2bbae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BBAF|&amp;#x2bbaf;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2BBBx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BBB0|&amp;#x2bbb0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BBB1|&amp;#x2bbb1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BBB2|&amp;#x2bbb2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BBB3|&amp;#x2bbb3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BBB4|&amp;#x2bbb4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BBB5|&amp;#x2bbb5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BBB6|&amp;#x2bbb6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BBB7|&amp;#x2bbb7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BBB8|&amp;#x2bbb8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BBB9|&amp;#x2bbb9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BBBA|&amp;#x2bbba;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BBBB|&amp;#x2bbbb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BBBC|&amp;#x2bbbc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BBBD|&amp;#x2bbbd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BBBE|&amp;#x2bbbe;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BBBF|&amp;#x2bbbf;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2BBCx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BBC0|&amp;#x2bbc0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BBC1|&amp;#x2bbc1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BBC2|&amp;#x2bbc2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BBC3|&amp;#x2bbc3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BBC4|&amp;#x2bbc4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BBC5|&amp;#x2bbc5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BBC6|&amp;#x2bbc6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BBC7|&amp;#x2bbc7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BBC8|&amp;#x2bbc8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BBC9|&amp;#x2bbc9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BBCA|&amp;#x2bbca;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BBCB|&amp;#x2bbcb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BBCC|&amp;#x2bbcc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BBCD|&amp;#x2bbcd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BBCE|&amp;#x2bbce;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BBCF|&amp;#x2bbcf;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2BBDx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BBD0|&amp;#x2bbd0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BBD1|&amp;#x2bbd1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BBD2|&amp;#x2bbd2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BBD3|&amp;#x2bbd3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BBD4|&amp;#x2bbd4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BBD5|&amp;#x2bbd5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BBD6|&amp;#x2bbd6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BBD7|&amp;#x2bbd7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BBD8|&amp;#x2bbd8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BBD9|&amp;#x2bbd9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BBDA|&amp;#x2bbda;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BBDB|&amp;#x2bbdb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BBDC|&amp;#x2bbdc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BBDD|&amp;#x2bbdd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BBDE|&amp;#x2bbde;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BBDF|&amp;#x2bbdf;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2BBEx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BBE0|&amp;#x2bbe0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BBE1|&amp;#x2bbe1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BBE2|&amp;#x2bbe2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BBE3|&amp;#x2bbe3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BBE4|&amp;#x2bbe4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BBE5|&amp;#x2bbe5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BBE6|&amp;#x2bbe6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BBE7|&amp;#x2bbe7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BBE8|&amp;#x2bbe8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BBE9|&amp;#x2bbe9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BBEA|&amp;#x2bbea;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BBEB|&amp;#x2bbeb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BBEC|&amp;#x2bbec;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BBED|&amp;#x2bbed;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BBEE|&amp;#x2bbee;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BBEF|&amp;#x2bbef;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2BBFx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BBF0|&amp;#x2bbf0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BBF1|&amp;#x2bbf1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BBF2|&amp;#x2bbf2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BBF3|&amp;#x2bbf3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BBF4|&amp;#x2bbf4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BBF5|&amp;#x2bbf5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BBF6|&amp;#x2bbf6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BBF7|&amp;#x2bbf7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BBF8|&amp;#x2bbf8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BBF9|&amp;#x2bbf9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BBFA|&amp;#x2bbfa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BBFB|&amp;#x2bbfb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BBFC|&amp;#x2bbfc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BBFD|&amp;#x2bbfd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BBFE|&amp;#x2bbfe;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BBFF|&amp;#x2bbff;}}
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2BC0x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BC00|&amp;#x2bc00;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BC01|&amp;#x2bc01;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BC02|&amp;#x2bc02;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BC03|&amp;#x2bc03;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BC04|&amp;#x2bc04;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BC05|&amp;#x2bc05;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BC06|&amp;#x2bc06;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BC07|&amp;#x2bc07;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BC08|&amp;#x2bc08;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BC09|&amp;#x2bc09;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BC0A|&amp;#x2bc0a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BC0B|&amp;#x2bc0b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BC0C|&amp;#x2bc0c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BC0D|&amp;#x2bc0d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BC0E|&amp;#x2bc0e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BC0F|&amp;#x2bc0f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2BC1x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BC10|&amp;#x2bc10;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BC11|&amp;#x2bc11;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BC12|&amp;#x2bc12;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BC13|&amp;#x2bc13;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BC14|&amp;#x2bc14;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BC15|&amp;#x2bc15;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BC16|&amp;#x2bc16;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BC17|&amp;#x2bc17;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BC18|&amp;#x2bc18;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BC19|&amp;#x2bc19;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BC1A|&amp;#x2bc1a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BC1B|&amp;#x2bc1b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BC1C|&amp;#x2bc1c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BC1D|&amp;#x2bc1d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BC1E|&amp;#x2bc1e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BC1F|&amp;#x2bc1f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2BC2x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BC20|&amp;#x2bc20;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BC21|&amp;#x2bc21;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BC22|&amp;#x2bc22;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BC23|&amp;#x2bc23;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BC24|&amp;#x2bc24;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BC25|&amp;#x2bc25;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BC26|&amp;#x2bc26;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BC27|&amp;#x2bc27;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BC28|&amp;#x2bc28;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BC29|&amp;#x2bc29;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BC2A|&amp;#x2bc2a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BC2B|&amp;#x2bc2b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BC2C|&amp;#x2bc2c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BC2D|&amp;#x2bc2d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BC2E|&amp;#x2bc2e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BC2F|&amp;#x2bc2f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2BC3x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BC30|&amp;#x2bc30;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BC31|&amp;#x2bc31;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BC32|&amp;#x2bc32;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BC33|&amp;#x2bc33;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BC34|&amp;#x2bc34;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BC35|&amp;#x2bc35;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BC36|&amp;#x2bc36;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BC37|&amp;#x2bc37;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BC38|&amp;#x2bc38;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BC39|&amp;#x2bc39;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BC3A|&amp;#x2bc3a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BC3B|&amp;#x2bc3b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BC3C|&amp;#x2bc3c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BC3D|&amp;#x2bc3d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BC3E|&amp;#x2bc3e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BC3F|&amp;#x2bc3f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2BC4x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BC40|&amp;#x2bc40;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BC41|&amp;#x2bc41;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BC42|&amp;#x2bc42;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BC43|&amp;#x2bc43;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BC44|&amp;#x2bc44;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BC45|&amp;#x2bc45;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BC46|&amp;#x2bc46;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BC47|&amp;#x2bc47;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BC48|&amp;#x2bc48;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BC49|&amp;#x2bc49;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BC4A|&amp;#x2bc4a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BC4B|&amp;#x2bc4b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BC4C|&amp;#x2bc4c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BC4D|&amp;#x2bc4d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BC4E|&amp;#x2bc4e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BC4F|&amp;#x2bc4f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2BC5x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BC50|&amp;#x2bc50;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BC51|&amp;#x2bc51;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BC52|&amp;#x2bc52;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BC53|&amp;#x2bc53;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BC54|&amp;#x2bc54;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BC55|&amp;#x2bc55;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BC56|&amp;#x2bc56;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BC57|&amp;#x2bc57;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BC58|&amp;#x2bc58;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BC59|&amp;#x2bc59;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BC5A|&amp;#x2bc5a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BC5B|&amp;#x2bc5b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BC5C|&amp;#x2bc5c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BC5D|&amp;#x2bc5d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BC5E|&amp;#x2bc5e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BC5F|&amp;#x2bc5f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2BC6x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BC60|&amp;#x2bc60;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BC61|&amp;#x2bc61;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BC62|&amp;#x2bc62;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BC63|&amp;#x2bc63;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BC64|&amp;#x2bc64;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BC65|&amp;#x2bc65;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BC66|&amp;#x2bc66;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BC67|&amp;#x2bc67;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BC68|&amp;#x2bc68;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BC69|&amp;#x2bc69;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BC6A|&amp;#x2bc6a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BC6B|&amp;#x2bc6b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BC6C|&amp;#x2bc6c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BC6D|&amp;#x2bc6d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BC6E|&amp;#x2bc6e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BC6F|&amp;#x2bc6f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2BC7x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BC70|&amp;#x2bc70;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BC71|&amp;#x2bc71;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BC72|&amp;#x2bc72;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BC73|&amp;#x2bc73;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BC74|&amp;#x2bc74;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BC75|&amp;#x2bc75;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BC76|&amp;#x2bc76;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BC77|&amp;#x2bc77;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BC78|&amp;#x2bc78;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BC79|&amp;#x2bc79;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BC7A|&amp;#x2bc7a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BC7B|&amp;#x2bc7b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BC7C|&amp;#x2bc7c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BC7D|&amp;#x2bc7d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BC7E|&amp;#x2bc7e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BC7F|&amp;#x2bc7f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2BC8x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BC80|&amp;#x2bc80;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BC81|&amp;#x2bc81;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BC82|&amp;#x2bc82;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BC83|&amp;#x2bc83;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BC84|&amp;#x2bc84;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BC85|&amp;#x2bc85;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BC86|&amp;#x2bc86;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BC87|&amp;#x2bc87;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BC88|&amp;#x2bc88;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BC89|&amp;#x2bc89;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BC8A|&amp;#x2bc8a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BC8B|&amp;#x2bc8b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BC8C|&amp;#x2bc8c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BC8D|&amp;#x2bc8d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BC8E|&amp;#x2bc8e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BC8F|&amp;#x2bc8f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2BC9x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BC90|&amp;#x2bc90;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BC91|&amp;#x2bc91;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BC92|&amp;#x2bc92;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BC93|&amp;#x2bc93;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BC94|&amp;#x2bc94;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BC95|&amp;#x2bc95;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BC96|&amp;#x2bc96;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BC97|&amp;#x2bc97;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BC98|&amp;#x2bc98;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BC99|&amp;#x2bc99;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BC9A|&amp;#x2bc9a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BC9B|&amp;#x2bc9b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BC9C|&amp;#x2bc9c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BC9D|&amp;#x2bc9d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BC9E|&amp;#x2bc9e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BC9F|&amp;#x2bc9f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2BCAx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BCA0|&amp;#x2bca0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BCA1|&amp;#x2bca1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BCA2|&amp;#x2bca2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BCA3|&amp;#x2bca3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BCA4|&amp;#x2bca4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BCA5|&amp;#x2bca5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BCA6|&amp;#x2bca6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BCA7|&amp;#x2bca7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BCA8|&amp;#x2bca8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BCA9|&amp;#x2bca9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BCAA|&amp;#x2bcaa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BCAB|&amp;#x2bcab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BCAC|&amp;#x2bcac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BCAD|&amp;#x2bcad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BCAE|&amp;#x2bcae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BCAF|&amp;#x2bcaf;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2BCBx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BCB0|&amp;#x2bcb0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BCB1|&amp;#x2bcb1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BCB2|&amp;#x2bcb2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BCB3|&amp;#x2bcb3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BCB4|&amp;#x2bcb4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BCB5|&amp;#x2bcb5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BCB6|&amp;#x2bcb6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BCB7|&amp;#x2bcb7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BCB8|&amp;#x2bcb8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BCB9|&amp;#x2bcb9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BCBA|&amp;#x2bcba;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BCBB|&amp;#x2bcbb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BCBC|&amp;#x2bcbc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BCBD|&amp;#x2bcbd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BCBE|&amp;#x2bcbe;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BCBF|&amp;#x2bcbf;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2BCCx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BCC0|&amp;#x2bcc0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BCC1|&amp;#x2bcc1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BCC2|&amp;#x2bcc2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BCC3|&amp;#x2bcc3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BCC4|&amp;#x2bcc4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BCC5|&amp;#x2bcc5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BCC6|&amp;#x2bcc6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BCC7|&amp;#x2bcc7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BCC8|&amp;#x2bcc8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BCC9|&amp;#x2bcc9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BCCA|&amp;#x2bcca;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BCCB|&amp;#x2bccb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BCCC|&amp;#x2bccc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BCCD|&amp;#x2bccd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BCCE|&amp;#x2bcce;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BCCF|&amp;#x2bccf;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2BCDx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BCD0|&amp;#x2bcd0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BCD1|&amp;#x2bcd1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BCD2|&amp;#x2bcd2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BCD3|&amp;#x2bcd3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BCD4|&amp;#x2bcd4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BCD5|&amp;#x2bcd5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BCD6|&amp;#x2bcd6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BCD7|&amp;#x2bcd7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BCD8|&amp;#x2bcd8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BCD9|&amp;#x2bcd9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BCDA|&amp;#x2bcda;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BCDB|&amp;#x2bcdb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BCDC|&amp;#x2bcdc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BCDD|&amp;#x2bcdd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BCDE|&amp;#x2bcde;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BCDF|&amp;#x2bcdf;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2BCEx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BCE0|&amp;#x2bce0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BCE1|&amp;#x2bce1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BCE2|&amp;#x2bce2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BCE3|&amp;#x2bce3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BCE4|&amp;#x2bce4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BCE5|&amp;#x2bce5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BCE6|&amp;#x2bce6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BCE7|&amp;#x2bce7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BCE8|&amp;#x2bce8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BCE9|&amp;#x2bce9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BCEA|&amp;#x2bcea;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BCEB|&amp;#x2bceb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BCEC|&amp;#x2bcec;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BCED|&amp;#x2bced;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BCEE|&amp;#x2bcee;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BCEF|&amp;#x2bcef;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2BCFx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BCF0|&amp;#x2bcf0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BCF1|&amp;#x2bcf1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BCF2|&amp;#x2bcf2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BCF3|&amp;#x2bcf3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BCF4|&amp;#x2bcf4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BCF5|&amp;#x2bcf5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BCF6|&amp;#x2bcf6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BCF7|&amp;#x2bcf7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BCF8|&amp;#x2bcf8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BCF9|&amp;#x2bcf9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BCFA|&amp;#x2bcfa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BCFB|&amp;#x2bcfb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BCFC|&amp;#x2bcfc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BCFD|&amp;#x2bcfd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BCFE|&amp;#x2bcfe;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BCFF|&amp;#x2bcff;}}
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2BD0x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BD00|&amp;#x2bd00;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BD01|&amp;#x2bd01;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BD02|&amp;#x2bd02;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BD03|&amp;#x2bd03;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BD04|&amp;#x2bd04;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BD05|&amp;#x2bd05;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BD06|&amp;#x2bd06;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BD07|&amp;#x2bd07;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BD08|&amp;#x2bd08;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BD09|&amp;#x2bd09;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BD0A|&amp;#x2bd0a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BD0B|&amp;#x2bd0b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BD0C|&amp;#x2bd0c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BD0D|&amp;#x2bd0d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BD0E|&amp;#x2bd0e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BD0F|&amp;#x2bd0f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2BD1x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BD10|&amp;#x2bd10;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BD11|&amp;#x2bd11;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BD12|&amp;#x2bd12;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BD13|&amp;#x2bd13;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BD14|&amp;#x2bd14;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BD15|&amp;#x2bd15;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BD16|&amp;#x2bd16;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BD17|&amp;#x2bd17;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BD18|&amp;#x2bd18;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BD19|&amp;#x2bd19;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BD1A|&amp;#x2bd1a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BD1B|&amp;#x2bd1b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BD1C|&amp;#x2bd1c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BD1D|&amp;#x2bd1d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BD1E|&amp;#x2bd1e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BD1F|&amp;#x2bd1f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2BD2x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BD20|&amp;#x2bd20;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BD21|&amp;#x2bd21;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BD22|&amp;#x2bd22;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BD23|&amp;#x2bd23;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BD24|&amp;#x2bd24;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BD25|&amp;#x2bd25;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BD26|&amp;#x2bd26;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BD27|&amp;#x2bd27;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BD28|&amp;#x2bd28;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BD29|&amp;#x2bd29;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BD2A|&amp;#x2bd2a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BD2B|&amp;#x2bd2b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BD2C|&amp;#x2bd2c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BD2D|&amp;#x2bd2d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BD2E|&amp;#x2bd2e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BD2F|&amp;#x2bd2f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2BD3x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BD30|&amp;#x2bd30;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BD31|&amp;#x2bd31;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BD32|&amp;#x2bd32;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BD33|&amp;#x2bd33;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BD34|&amp;#x2bd34;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BD35|&amp;#x2bd35;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BD36|&amp;#x2bd36;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BD37|&amp;#x2bd37;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BD38|&amp;#x2bd38;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BD39|&amp;#x2bd39;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BD3A|&amp;#x2bd3a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BD3B|&amp;#x2bd3b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BD3C|&amp;#x2bd3c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BD3D|&amp;#x2bd3d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BD3E|&amp;#x2bd3e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BD3F|&amp;#x2bd3f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2BD4x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BD40|&amp;#x2bd40;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BD41|&amp;#x2bd41;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BD42|&amp;#x2bd42;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BD43|&amp;#x2bd43;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BD44|&amp;#x2bd44;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BD45|&amp;#x2bd45;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BD46|&amp;#x2bd46;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BD47|&amp;#x2bd47;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BD48|&amp;#x2bd48;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BD49|&amp;#x2bd49;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BD4A|&amp;#x2bd4a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BD4B|&amp;#x2bd4b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BD4C|&amp;#x2bd4c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BD4D|&amp;#x2bd4d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BD4E|&amp;#x2bd4e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BD4F|&amp;#x2bd4f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2BD5x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BD50|&amp;#x2bd50;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BD51|&amp;#x2bd51;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BD52|&amp;#x2bd52;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BD53|&amp;#x2bd53;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BD54|&amp;#x2bd54;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BD55|&amp;#x2bd55;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BD56|&amp;#x2bd56;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BD57|&amp;#x2bd57;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BD58|&amp;#x2bd58;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BD59|&amp;#x2bd59;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BD5A|&amp;#x2bd5a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BD5B|&amp;#x2bd5b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BD5C|&amp;#x2bd5c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BD5D|&amp;#x2bd5d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BD5E|&amp;#x2bd5e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BD5F|&amp;#x2bd5f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2BD6x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BD60|&amp;#x2bd60;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BD61|&amp;#x2bd61;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BD62|&amp;#x2bd62;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BD63|&amp;#x2bd63;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BD64|&amp;#x2bd64;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BD65|&amp;#x2bd65;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BD66|&amp;#x2bd66;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BD67|&amp;#x2bd67;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BD68|&amp;#x2bd68;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BD69|&amp;#x2bd69;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BD6A|&amp;#x2bd6a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BD6B|&amp;#x2bd6b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BD6C|&amp;#x2bd6c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BD6D|&amp;#x2bd6d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BD6E|&amp;#x2bd6e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BD6F|&amp;#x2bd6f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2BD7x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BD70|&amp;#x2bd70;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BD71|&amp;#x2bd71;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BD72|&amp;#x2bd72;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BD73|&amp;#x2bd73;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BD74|&amp;#x2bd74;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BD75|&amp;#x2bd75;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BD76|&amp;#x2bd76;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BD77|&amp;#x2bd77;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BD78|&amp;#x2bd78;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BD79|&amp;#x2bd79;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BD7A|&amp;#x2bd7a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BD7B|&amp;#x2bd7b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BD7C|&amp;#x2bd7c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BD7D|&amp;#x2bd7d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BD7E|&amp;#x2bd7e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BD7F|&amp;#x2bd7f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2BD8x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BD80|&amp;#x2bd80;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BD81|&amp;#x2bd81;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BD82|&amp;#x2bd82;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BD83|&amp;#x2bd83;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BD84|&amp;#x2bd84;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BD85|&amp;#x2bd85;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BD86|&amp;#x2bd86;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BD87|&amp;#x2bd87;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BD88|&amp;#x2bd88;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BD89|&amp;#x2bd89;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BD8A|&amp;#x2bd8a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BD8B|&amp;#x2bd8b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BD8C|&amp;#x2bd8c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BD8D|&amp;#x2bd8d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BD8E|&amp;#x2bd8e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BD8F|&amp;#x2bd8f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2BD9x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BD90|&amp;#x2bd90;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BD91|&amp;#x2bd91;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BD92|&amp;#x2bd92;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BD93|&amp;#x2bd93;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BD94|&amp;#x2bd94;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BD95|&amp;#x2bd95;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BD96|&amp;#x2bd96;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BD97|&amp;#x2bd97;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BD98|&amp;#x2bd98;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BD99|&amp;#x2bd99;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BD9A|&amp;#x2bd9a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BD9B|&amp;#x2bd9b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BD9C|&amp;#x2bd9c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BD9D|&amp;#x2bd9d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BD9E|&amp;#x2bd9e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BD9F|&amp;#x2bd9f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2BDAx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BDA0|&amp;#x2bda0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BDA1|&amp;#x2bda1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BDA2|&amp;#x2bda2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BDA3|&amp;#x2bda3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BDA4|&amp;#x2bda4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BDA5|&amp;#x2bda5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BDA6|&amp;#x2bda6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BDA7|&amp;#x2bda7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BDA8|&amp;#x2bda8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BDA9|&amp;#x2bda9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BDAA|&amp;#x2bdaa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BDAB|&amp;#x2bdab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BDAC|&amp;#x2bdac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BDAD|&amp;#x2bdad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BDAE|&amp;#x2bdae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BDAF|&amp;#x2bdaf;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2BDBx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BDB0|&amp;#x2bdb0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BDB1|&amp;#x2bdb1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BDB2|&amp;#x2bdb2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BDB3|&amp;#x2bdb3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BDB4|&amp;#x2bdb4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BDB5|&amp;#x2bdb5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BDB6|&amp;#x2bdb6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BDB7|&amp;#x2bdb7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BDB8|&amp;#x2bdb8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BDB9|&amp;#x2bdb9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BDBA|&amp;#x2bdba;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BDBB|&amp;#x2bdbb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BDBC|&amp;#x2bdbc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BDBD|&amp;#x2bdbd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BDBE|&amp;#x2bdbe;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BDBF|&amp;#x2bdbf;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2BDCx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BDC0|&amp;#x2bdc0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BDC1|&amp;#x2bdc1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BDC2|&amp;#x2bdc2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BDC3|&amp;#x2bdc3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BDC4|&amp;#x2bdc4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BDC5|&amp;#x2bdc5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BDC6|&amp;#x2bdc6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BDC7|&amp;#x2bdc7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BDC8|&amp;#x2bdc8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BDC9|&amp;#x2bdc9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BDCA|&amp;#x2bdca;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BDCB|&amp;#x2bdcb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BDCC|&amp;#x2bdcc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BDCD|&amp;#x2bdcd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BDCE|&amp;#x2bdce;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BDCF|&amp;#x2bdcf;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2BDDx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BDD0|&amp;#x2bdd0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BDD1|&amp;#x2bdd1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BDD2|&amp;#x2bdd2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BDD3|&amp;#x2bdd3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BDD4|&amp;#x2bdd4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BDD5|&amp;#x2bdd5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BDD6|&amp;#x2bdd6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BDD7|&amp;#x2bdd7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BDD8|&amp;#x2bdd8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BDD9|&amp;#x2bdd9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BDDA|&amp;#x2bdda;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BDDB|&amp;#x2bddb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BDDC|&amp;#x2bddc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BDDD|&amp;#x2bddd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BDDE|&amp;#x2bdde;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BDDF|&amp;#x2bddf;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2BDEx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BDE0|&amp;#x2bde0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BDE1|&amp;#x2bde1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BDE2|&amp;#x2bde2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BDE3|&amp;#x2bde3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BDE4|&amp;#x2bde4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BDE5|&amp;#x2bde5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BDE6|&amp;#x2bde6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BDE7|&amp;#x2bde7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BDE8|&amp;#x2bde8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BDE9|&amp;#x2bde9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BDEA|&amp;#x2bdea;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BDEB|&amp;#x2bdeb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BDEC|&amp;#x2bdec;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BDED|&amp;#x2bded;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BDEE|&amp;#x2bdee;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BDEF|&amp;#x2bdef;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2BDFx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BDF0|&amp;#x2bdf0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BDF1|&amp;#x2bdf1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BDF2|&amp;#x2bdf2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BDF3|&amp;#x2bdf3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BDF4|&amp;#x2bdf4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BDF5|&amp;#x2bdf5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BDF6|&amp;#x2bdf6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BDF7|&amp;#x2bdf7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BDF8|&amp;#x2bdf8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BDF9|&amp;#x2bdf9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BDFA|&amp;#x2bdfa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BDFB|&amp;#x2bdfb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BDFC|&amp;#x2bdfc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BDFD|&amp;#x2bdfd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BDFE|&amp;#x2bdfe;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BDFF|&amp;#x2bdff;}}
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2BE0x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BE00|&amp;#x2be00;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BE01|&amp;#x2be01;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BE02|&amp;#x2be02;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BE03|&amp;#x2be03;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BE04|&amp;#x2be04;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BE05|&amp;#x2be05;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BE06|&amp;#x2be06;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BE07|&amp;#x2be07;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BE08|&amp;#x2be08;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BE09|&amp;#x2be09;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BE0A|&amp;#x2be0a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BE0B|&amp;#x2be0b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BE0C|&amp;#x2be0c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BE0D|&amp;#x2be0d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BE0E|&amp;#x2be0e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BE0F|&amp;#x2be0f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2BE1x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BE10|&amp;#x2be10;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BE11|&amp;#x2be11;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BE12|&amp;#x2be12;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BE13|&amp;#x2be13;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BE14|&amp;#x2be14;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BE15|&amp;#x2be15;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BE16|&amp;#x2be16;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BE17|&amp;#x2be17;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BE18|&amp;#x2be18;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BE19|&amp;#x2be19;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BE1A|&amp;#x2be1a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BE1B|&amp;#x2be1b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BE1C|&amp;#x2be1c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BE1D|&amp;#x2be1d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BE1E|&amp;#x2be1e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BE1F|&amp;#x2be1f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2BE2x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BE20|&amp;#x2be20;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BE21|&amp;#x2be21;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BE22|&amp;#x2be22;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BE23|&amp;#x2be23;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BE24|&amp;#x2be24;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BE25|&amp;#x2be25;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BE26|&amp;#x2be26;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BE27|&amp;#x2be27;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BE28|&amp;#x2be28;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BE29|&amp;#x2be29;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BE2A|&amp;#x2be2a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BE2B|&amp;#x2be2b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BE2C|&amp;#x2be2c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BE2D|&amp;#x2be2d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BE2E|&amp;#x2be2e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BE2F|&amp;#x2be2f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2BE3x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BE30|&amp;#x2be30;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BE31|&amp;#x2be31;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BE32|&amp;#x2be32;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BE33|&amp;#x2be33;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BE34|&amp;#x2be34;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BE35|&amp;#x2be35;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BE36|&amp;#x2be36;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BE37|&amp;#x2be37;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BE38|&amp;#x2be38;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BE39|&amp;#x2be39;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BE3A|&amp;#x2be3a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BE3B|&amp;#x2be3b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BE3C|&amp;#x2be3c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BE3D|&amp;#x2be3d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BE3E|&amp;#x2be3e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BE3F|&amp;#x2be3f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2BE4x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BE40|&amp;#x2be40;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BE41|&amp;#x2be41;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BE42|&amp;#x2be42;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BE43|&amp;#x2be43;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BE44|&amp;#x2be44;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BE45|&amp;#x2be45;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BE46|&amp;#x2be46;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BE47|&amp;#x2be47;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BE48|&amp;#x2be48;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BE49|&amp;#x2be49;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BE4A|&amp;#x2be4a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BE4B|&amp;#x2be4b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BE4C|&amp;#x2be4c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BE4D|&amp;#x2be4d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BE4E|&amp;#x2be4e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BE4F|&amp;#x2be4f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2BE5x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BE50|&amp;#x2be50;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BE51|&amp;#x2be51;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BE52|&amp;#x2be52;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BE53|&amp;#x2be53;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BE54|&amp;#x2be54;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BE55|&amp;#x2be55;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BE56|&amp;#x2be56;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BE57|&amp;#x2be57;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BE58|&amp;#x2be58;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BE59|&amp;#x2be59;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BE5A|&amp;#x2be5a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BE5B|&amp;#x2be5b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BE5C|&amp;#x2be5c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BE5D|&amp;#x2be5d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BE5E|&amp;#x2be5e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BE5F|&amp;#x2be5f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2BE6x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BE60|&amp;#x2be60;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BE61|&amp;#x2be61;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BE62|&amp;#x2be62;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BE63|&amp;#x2be63;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BE64|&amp;#x2be64;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BE65|&amp;#x2be65;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BE66|&amp;#x2be66;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BE67|&amp;#x2be67;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BE68|&amp;#x2be68;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BE69|&amp;#x2be69;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BE6A|&amp;#x2be6a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BE6B|&amp;#x2be6b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BE6C|&amp;#x2be6c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BE6D|&amp;#x2be6d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BE6E|&amp;#x2be6e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BE6F|&amp;#x2be6f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2BE7x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BE70|&amp;#x2be70;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BE71|&amp;#x2be71;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BE72|&amp;#x2be72;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BE73|&amp;#x2be73;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BE74|&amp;#x2be74;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BE75|&amp;#x2be75;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BE76|&amp;#x2be76;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BE77|&amp;#x2be77;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BE78|&amp;#x2be78;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BE79|&amp;#x2be79;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BE7A|&amp;#x2be7a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BE7B|&amp;#x2be7b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BE7C|&amp;#x2be7c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BE7D|&amp;#x2be7d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BE7E|&amp;#x2be7e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BE7F|&amp;#x2be7f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2BE8x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BE80|&amp;#x2be80;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BE81|&amp;#x2be81;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BE82|&amp;#x2be82;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BE83|&amp;#x2be83;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BE84|&amp;#x2be84;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BE85|&amp;#x2be85;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BE86|&amp;#x2be86;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BE87|&amp;#x2be87;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BE88|&amp;#x2be88;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BE89|&amp;#x2be89;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BE8A|&amp;#x2be8a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BE8B|&amp;#x2be8b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BE8C|&amp;#x2be8c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BE8D|&amp;#x2be8d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BE8E|&amp;#x2be8e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BE8F|&amp;#x2be8f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2BE9x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BE90|&amp;#x2be90;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BE91|&amp;#x2be91;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BE92|&amp;#x2be92;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BE93|&amp;#x2be93;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BE94|&amp;#x2be94;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BE95|&amp;#x2be95;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BE96|&amp;#x2be96;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BE97|&amp;#x2be97;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BE98|&amp;#x2be98;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BE99|&amp;#x2be99;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BE9A|&amp;#x2be9a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BE9B|&amp;#x2be9b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BE9C|&amp;#x2be9c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BE9D|&amp;#x2be9d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BE9E|&amp;#x2be9e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BE9F|&amp;#x2be9f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2BEAx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BEA0|&amp;#x2bea0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BEA1|&amp;#x2bea1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BEA2|&amp;#x2bea2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BEA3|&amp;#x2bea3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BEA4|&amp;#x2bea4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BEA5|&amp;#x2bea5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BEA6|&amp;#x2bea6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BEA7|&amp;#x2bea7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BEA8|&amp;#x2bea8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BEA9|&amp;#x2bea9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BEAA|&amp;#x2beaa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BEAB|&amp;#x2beab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BEAC|&amp;#x2beac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BEAD|&amp;#x2bead;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BEAE|&amp;#x2beae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BEAF|&amp;#x2beaf;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2BEBx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BEB0|&amp;#x2beb0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BEB1|&amp;#x2beb1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BEB2|&amp;#x2beb2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BEB3|&amp;#x2beb3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BEB4|&amp;#x2beb4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BEB5|&amp;#x2beb5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BEB6|&amp;#x2beb6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BEB7|&amp;#x2beb7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BEB8|&amp;#x2beb8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BEB9|&amp;#x2beb9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BEBA|&amp;#x2beba;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BEBB|&amp;#x2bebb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BEBC|&amp;#x2bebc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BEBD|&amp;#x2bebd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BEBE|&amp;#x2bebe;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BEBF|&amp;#x2bebf;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2BECx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BEC0|&amp;#x2bec0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BEC1|&amp;#x2bec1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BEC2|&amp;#x2bec2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BEC3|&amp;#x2bec3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BEC4|&amp;#x2bec4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BEC5|&amp;#x2bec5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BEC6|&amp;#x2bec6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BEC7|&amp;#x2bec7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BEC8|&amp;#x2bec8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BEC9|&amp;#x2bec9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BECA|&amp;#x2beca;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BECB|&amp;#x2becb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BECC|&amp;#x2becc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BECD|&amp;#x2becd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BECE|&amp;#x2bece;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BECF|&amp;#x2becf;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2BEDx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BED0|&amp;#x2bed0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BED1|&amp;#x2bed1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BED2|&amp;#x2bed2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BED3|&amp;#x2bed3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BED4|&amp;#x2bed4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BED5|&amp;#x2bed5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BED6|&amp;#x2bed6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BED7|&amp;#x2bed7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BED8|&amp;#x2bed8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BED9|&amp;#x2bed9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BEDA|&amp;#x2beda;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BEDB|&amp;#x2bedb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BEDC|&amp;#x2bedc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BEDD|&amp;#x2bedd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BEDE|&amp;#x2bede;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BEDF|&amp;#x2bedf;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2BEEx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BEE0|&amp;#x2bee0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BEE1|&amp;#x2bee1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BEE2|&amp;#x2bee2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BEE3|&amp;#x2bee3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BEE4|&amp;#x2bee4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BEE5|&amp;#x2bee5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BEE6|&amp;#x2bee6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BEE7|&amp;#x2bee7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BEE8|&amp;#x2bee8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BEE9|&amp;#x2bee9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BEEA|&amp;#x2beea;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BEEB|&amp;#x2beeb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BEEC|&amp;#x2beec;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BEED|&amp;#x2beed;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BEEE|&amp;#x2beee;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BEEF|&amp;#x2beef;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2BEFx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BEF0|&amp;#x2bef0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BEF1|&amp;#x2bef1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BEF2|&amp;#x2bef2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BEF3|&amp;#x2bef3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BEF4|&amp;#x2bef4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BEF5|&amp;#x2bef5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BEF6|&amp;#x2bef6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BEF7|&amp;#x2bef7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BEF8|&amp;#x2bef8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BEF9|&amp;#x2bef9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BEFA|&amp;#x2befa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BEFB|&amp;#x2befb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BEFC|&amp;#x2befc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BEFD|&amp;#x2befd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BEFE|&amp;#x2befe;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BEFF|&amp;#x2beff;}}
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2BF0x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BF00|&amp;#x2bf00;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BF01|&amp;#x2bf01;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BF02|&amp;#x2bf02;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BF03|&amp;#x2bf03;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BF04|&amp;#x2bf04;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BF05|&amp;#x2bf05;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BF06|&amp;#x2bf06;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BF07|&amp;#x2bf07;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BF08|&amp;#x2bf08;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BF09|&amp;#x2bf09;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BF0A|&amp;#x2bf0a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BF0B|&amp;#x2bf0b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BF0C|&amp;#x2bf0c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BF0D|&amp;#x2bf0d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BF0E|&amp;#x2bf0e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BF0F|&amp;#x2bf0f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2BF1x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BF10|&amp;#x2bf10;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BF11|&amp;#x2bf11;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BF12|&amp;#x2bf12;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BF13|&amp;#x2bf13;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BF14|&amp;#x2bf14;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BF15|&amp;#x2bf15;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BF16|&amp;#x2bf16;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BF17|&amp;#x2bf17;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BF18|&amp;#x2bf18;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BF19|&amp;#x2bf19;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BF1A|&amp;#x2bf1a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BF1B|&amp;#x2bf1b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BF1C|&amp;#x2bf1c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BF1D|&amp;#x2bf1d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BF1E|&amp;#x2bf1e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BF1F|&amp;#x2bf1f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2BF2x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BF20|&amp;#x2bf20;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BF21|&amp;#x2bf21;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BF22|&amp;#x2bf22;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BF23|&amp;#x2bf23;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BF24|&amp;#x2bf24;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BF25|&amp;#x2bf25;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BF26|&amp;#x2bf26;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BF27|&amp;#x2bf27;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BF28|&amp;#x2bf28;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BF29|&amp;#x2bf29;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BF2A|&amp;#x2bf2a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BF2B|&amp;#x2bf2b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BF2C|&amp;#x2bf2c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BF2D|&amp;#x2bf2d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BF2E|&amp;#x2bf2e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BF2F|&amp;#x2bf2f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2BF3x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BF30|&amp;#x2bf30;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BF31|&amp;#x2bf31;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BF32|&amp;#x2bf32;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BF33|&amp;#x2bf33;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BF34|&amp;#x2bf34;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BF35|&amp;#x2bf35;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BF36|&amp;#x2bf36;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BF37|&amp;#x2bf37;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BF38|&amp;#x2bf38;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BF39|&amp;#x2bf39;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BF3A|&amp;#x2bf3a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BF3B|&amp;#x2bf3b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BF3C|&amp;#x2bf3c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BF3D|&amp;#x2bf3d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BF3E|&amp;#x2bf3e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BF3F|&amp;#x2bf3f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2BF4x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BF40|&amp;#x2bf40;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BF41|&amp;#x2bf41;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BF42|&amp;#x2bf42;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BF43|&amp;#x2bf43;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BF44|&amp;#x2bf44;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BF45|&amp;#x2bf45;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BF46|&amp;#x2bf46;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BF47|&amp;#x2bf47;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BF48|&amp;#x2bf48;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BF49|&amp;#x2bf49;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BF4A|&amp;#x2bf4a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BF4B|&amp;#x2bf4b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BF4C|&amp;#x2bf4c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BF4D|&amp;#x2bf4d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BF4E|&amp;#x2bf4e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BF4F|&amp;#x2bf4f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2BF5x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BF50|&amp;#x2bf50;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BF51|&amp;#x2bf51;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BF52|&amp;#x2bf52;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BF53|&amp;#x2bf53;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BF54|&amp;#x2bf54;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BF55|&amp;#x2bf55;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BF56|&amp;#x2bf56;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BF57|&amp;#x2bf57;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BF58|&amp;#x2bf58;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BF59|&amp;#x2bf59;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BF5A|&amp;#x2bf5a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BF5B|&amp;#x2bf5b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BF5C|&amp;#x2bf5c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BF5D|&amp;#x2bf5d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BF5E|&amp;#x2bf5e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BF5F|&amp;#x2bf5f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2BF6x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BF60|&amp;#x2bf60;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BF61|&amp;#x2bf61;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BF62|&amp;#x2bf62;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BF63|&amp;#x2bf63;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BF64|&amp;#x2bf64;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BF65|&amp;#x2bf65;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BF66|&amp;#x2bf66;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BF67|&amp;#x2bf67;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BF68|&amp;#x2bf68;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BF69|&amp;#x2bf69;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BF6A|&amp;#x2bf6a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BF6B|&amp;#x2bf6b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BF6C|&amp;#x2bf6c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BF6D|&amp;#x2bf6d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BF6E|&amp;#x2bf6e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BF6F|&amp;#x2bf6f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2BF7x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BF70|&amp;#x2bf70;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BF71|&amp;#x2bf71;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BF72|&amp;#x2bf72;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BF73|&amp;#x2bf73;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BF74|&amp;#x2bf74;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BF75|&amp;#x2bf75;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BF76|&amp;#x2bf76;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BF77|&amp;#x2bf77;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BF78|&amp;#x2bf78;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BF79|&amp;#x2bf79;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BF7A|&amp;#x2bf7a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BF7B|&amp;#x2bf7b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BF7C|&amp;#x2bf7c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BF7D|&amp;#x2bf7d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BF7E|&amp;#x2bf7e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BF7F|&amp;#x2bf7f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2BF8x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BF80|&amp;#x2bf80;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BF81|&amp;#x2bf81;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BF82|&amp;#x2bf82;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BF83|&amp;#x2bf83;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BF84|&amp;#x2bf84;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BF85|&amp;#x2bf85;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BF86|&amp;#x2bf86;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BF87|&amp;#x2bf87;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BF88|&amp;#x2bf88;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BF89|&amp;#x2bf89;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BF8A|&amp;#x2bf8a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BF8B|&amp;#x2bf8b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BF8C|&amp;#x2bf8c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BF8D|&amp;#x2bf8d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BF8E|&amp;#x2bf8e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BF8F|&amp;#x2bf8f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2BF9x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BF90|&amp;#x2bf90;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BF91|&amp;#x2bf91;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BF92|&amp;#x2bf92;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BF93|&amp;#x2bf93;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BF94|&amp;#x2bf94;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BF95|&amp;#x2bf95;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BF96|&amp;#x2bf96;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BF97|&amp;#x2bf97;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BF98|&amp;#x2bf98;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BF99|&amp;#x2bf99;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BF9A|&amp;#x2bf9a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BF9B|&amp;#x2bf9b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BF9C|&amp;#x2bf9c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BF9D|&amp;#x2bf9d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BF9E|&amp;#x2bf9e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BF9F|&amp;#x2bf9f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2BFAx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BFA0|&amp;#x2bfa0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BFA1|&amp;#x2bfa1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BFA2|&amp;#x2bfa2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BFA3|&amp;#x2bfa3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BFA4|&amp;#x2bfa4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BFA5|&amp;#x2bfa5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BFA6|&amp;#x2bfa6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BFA7|&amp;#x2bfa7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BFA8|&amp;#x2bfa8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BFA9|&amp;#x2bfa9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BFAA|&amp;#x2bfaa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BFAB|&amp;#x2bfab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BFAC|&amp;#x2bfac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BFAD|&amp;#x2bfad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BFAE|&amp;#x2bfae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BFAF|&amp;#x2bfaf;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2BFBx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BFB0|&amp;#x2bfb0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BFB1|&amp;#x2bfb1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BFB2|&amp;#x2bfb2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BFB3|&amp;#x2bfb3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BFB4|&amp;#x2bfb4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BFB5|&amp;#x2bfb5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BFB6|&amp;#x2bfb6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BFB7|&amp;#x2bfb7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BFB8|&amp;#x2bfb8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BFB9|&amp;#x2bfb9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BFBA|&amp;#x2bfba;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BFBB|&amp;#x2bfbb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BFBC|&amp;#x2bfbc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BFBD|&amp;#x2bfbd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BFBE|&amp;#x2bfbe;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BFBF|&amp;#x2bfbf;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2BFCx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BFC0|&amp;#x2bfc0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BFC1|&amp;#x2bfc1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BFC2|&amp;#x2bfc2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BFC3|&amp;#x2bfc3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BFC4|&amp;#x2bfc4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BFC5|&amp;#x2bfc5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BFC6|&amp;#x2bfc6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BFC7|&amp;#x2bfc7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BFC8|&amp;#x2bfc8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BFC9|&amp;#x2bfc9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BFCA|&amp;#x2bfca;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BFCB|&amp;#x2bfcb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BFCC|&amp;#x2bfcc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BFCD|&amp;#x2bfcd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BFCE|&amp;#x2bfce;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BFCF|&amp;#x2bfcf;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2BFDx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BFD0|&amp;#x2bfd0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BFD1|&amp;#x2bfd1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BFD2|&amp;#x2bfd2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BFD3|&amp;#x2bfd3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BFD4|&amp;#x2bfd4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BFD5|&amp;#x2bfd5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BFD6|&amp;#x2bfd6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BFD7|&amp;#x2bfd7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BFD8|&amp;#x2bfd8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BFD9|&amp;#x2bfd9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BFDA|&amp;#x2bfda;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BFDB|&amp;#x2bfdb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BFDC|&amp;#x2bfdc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BFDD|&amp;#x2bfdd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BFDE|&amp;#x2bfde;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BFDF|&amp;#x2bfdf;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2BFEx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BFE0|&amp;#x2bfe0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BFE1|&amp;#x2bfe1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BFE2|&amp;#x2bfe2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BFE3|&amp;#x2bfe3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BFE4|&amp;#x2bfe4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BFE5|&amp;#x2bfe5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BFE6|&amp;#x2bfe6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BFE7|&amp;#x2bfe7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BFE8|&amp;#x2bfe8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BFE9|&amp;#x2bfe9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BFEA|&amp;#x2bfea;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BFEB|&amp;#x2bfeb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BFEC|&amp;#x2bfec;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BFED|&amp;#x2bfed;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BFEE|&amp;#x2bfee;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BFEF|&amp;#x2bfef;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|2BFFx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BFF0|&amp;#x2bff0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BFF1|&amp;#x2bff1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BFF2|&amp;#x2bff2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BFF3|&amp;#x2bff3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BFF4|&amp;#x2bff4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BFF5|&amp;#x2bff5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BFF6|&amp;#x2bff6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BFF7|&amp;#x2bff7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BFF8|&amp;#x2bff8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BFF9|&amp;#x2bff9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BFFA|&amp;#x2bffa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BFFB|&amp;#x2bffb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BFFC|&amp;#x2bffc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BFFD|&amp;#x2bffd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BFFE|&amp;#x2bffe;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2BFFF|&amp;#x2bfff;}}
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|}</text>
      <sha1>nyn49z8zl0vdyim5bg9vjp58mw33mca</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Unicode/Character reference/11000-11FFF</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>229801</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4680379</id>
      <parentid>4680258</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T12:26:27Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ILYA125467</username>
        <id>3627024</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Added characters to provisionally assigned characters and characters accepted for 19.0; it's easier to work with them that way.</comment>
      <origin>4680379</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="220976" sha1="lojhogyxbisjzw7k3tf06pa3342sgbw" xml:space="preserve">{{:Unicode/Character reference}}

{|border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;2&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; style=&quot;border-collapse:collapse;&quot;
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | '''Brahmi'''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;width:4%&quot;|U+!!style=&quot;width:6%&quot;|0!!style=&quot;width:6%&quot;|1!!style=&quot;width:6%&quot;|2!!style=&quot;width:6%&quot;|3!!style=&quot;width:6%&quot;|4!!style=&quot;width:6%&quot;|5!!style=&quot;width:6%&quot;|6!!style=&quot;width:6%&quot;|7!!style=&quot;width:6%&quot;|8!!style=&quot;width:6%&quot;|9!!style=&quot;width:6%&quot;|A!!style=&quot;width:6%&quot;|B!!style=&quot;width:6%&quot;|C!!style=&quot;width:6%&quot;|D!!style=&quot;width:6%&quot;|E!!style=&quot;width:6%&quot;|F
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#7bffe8;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1100x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI SIGN CANDRABINDU|&amp;#x11000;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI SIGN ANUSVARA|&amp;#x11001;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI SIGN VISARGA|&amp;#x11002;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI SIGN JIHVAMULIYA|&amp;#x11003;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI SIGN UPADHMANIYA|&amp;#x11004;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI LETTER A|&amp;#x11005;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI LETTER AA|&amp;#x11006;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI LETTER I|&amp;#x11007;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI LETTER II|&amp;#x11008;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI LETTER U|&amp;#x11009;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI LETTER UU|&amp;#x1100a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI LETTER VOCALIC R|&amp;#x1100b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI LETTER VOCALIC RR|&amp;#x1100c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI LETTER VOCALIC L|&amp;#x1100d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI LETTER VOCALIC LL|&amp;#x1100e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI LETTER E|&amp;#x1100f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#7bffe8;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1101x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI LETTER AI|&amp;#x11010;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI LETTER O|&amp;#x11011;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI LETTER AU|&amp;#x11012;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI LETTER KA|&amp;#x11013;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI LETTER KHA|&amp;#x11014;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI LETTER GA|&amp;#x11015;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI LETTER GHA|&amp;#x11016;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI LETTER NGA|&amp;#x11017;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI LETTER CA|&amp;#x11018;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI LETTER CHA|&amp;#x11019;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI LETTER JA|&amp;#x1101a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI LETTER JHA|&amp;#x1101b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI LETTER NYA|&amp;#x1101c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI LETTER TTA|&amp;#x1101d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI LETTER TTHA|&amp;#x1101e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI LETTER DDA|&amp;#x1101f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#7bffe8;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1102x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI LETTER DDHA|&amp;#x11020;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI LETTER NNA|&amp;#x11021;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI LETTER TA|&amp;#x11022;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI LETTER THA|&amp;#x11023;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI LETTER DA|&amp;#x11024;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI LETTER DHA|&amp;#x11025;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI LETTER NA|&amp;#x11026;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI LETTER PA|&amp;#x11027;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI LETTER PHA|&amp;#x11028;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI LETTER BA|&amp;#x11029;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI LETTER BHA|&amp;#x1102a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI LETTER MA|&amp;#x1102b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI LETTER YA|&amp;#x1102c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI LETTER RA|&amp;#x1102d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI LETTER LA|&amp;#x1102e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI LETTER VA|&amp;#x1102f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#7bffe8;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1103x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI LETTER SHA|&amp;#x11030;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI LETTER SSA|&amp;#x11031;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI LETTER SA|&amp;#x11032;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI LETTER HA|&amp;#x11033;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI LETTER LLA|&amp;#x11034;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI LETTER OLD TAMIL LLLA|&amp;#x11035;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI LETTER OLD TAMIL RRA|&amp;#x11036;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI LETTER OLD TAMIL NNNA|&amp;#x11037;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI VOWEL SIGN AA|&amp;#x11038;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI VOWEL SIGN BHATTIPROLU AA|&amp;#x11039;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI VOWEL SIGN I|&amp;#x1103a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI VOWEL SIGN II|&amp;#x1103b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI VOWEL SIGN U|&amp;#x1103c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI VOWEL SIGN UU|&amp;#x1103d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC R|&amp;#x1103e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC RR|&amp;#x1103f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#7bffe8;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1104x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC L|&amp;#x11040;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC LL|&amp;#x11041;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI VOWEL SIGN E|&amp;#x11042;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI VOWEL SIGN AI|&amp;#x11043;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI VOWEL SIGN O|&amp;#x11044;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI VOWEL SIGN AU|&amp;#x11045;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI VIRAMA|&amp;nbsp;&amp;#x11046;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI DANDA|&amp;#x11047;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI DOUBLE DANDA|&amp;#x11048;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI PUNCTUATION DOT|&amp;#x11049;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI PUNCTUATION DOUBLE DOT|&amp;#x1104a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI PUNCTUATION LINE|&amp;#x1104b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI PUNCTUATION CRESCENT BAR|&amp;#x1104c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI PUNCTUATION LOTUS|&amp;#x1104d;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#7bffe8;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1105x
|style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI NUMBER ONE|&amp;#x11052;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI NUMBER TWO|&amp;#x11053;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI NUMBER THREE|&amp;#x11054;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI NUMBER FOUR|&amp;#x11055;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI NUMBER FIVE|&amp;#x11056;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI NUMBER SIX|&amp;#x11057;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI NUMBER SEVEN|&amp;#x11058;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI NUMBER EIGHT|&amp;#x11059;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI NUMBER NINE|&amp;#x1105a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI NUMBER TEN|&amp;#x1105b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI NUMBER TWENTY|&amp;#x1105c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI NUMBER THIRTY|&amp;#x1105d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI NUMBER FORTY|&amp;#x1105e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI NUMBER FIFTY|&amp;#x1105f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#7bffe8;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1106x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI NUMBER SIXTY|&amp;#x11060;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI NUMBER SEVENTY|&amp;#x11061;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI NUMBER EIGHTY|&amp;#x11062;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI NUMBER NINETY|&amp;#x11063;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI NUMBER ONE HUNDRED|&amp;#x11064;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI NUMBER ONE THOUSAND|&amp;#x11065;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI DIGIT ZERO|&amp;#x11066;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI DIGIT ONE|&amp;#x11067;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI DIGIT TWO|&amp;#x11068;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI DIGIT THREE|&amp;#x11069;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI DIGIT FOUR|&amp;#x1106a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI DIGIT FIVE|&amp;#x1106b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI DIGIT SIX|&amp;#x1106c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI DIGIT SEVEN|&amp;#x1106d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI DIGIT EIGHT|&amp;#x1106e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI DIGIT NINE|&amp;#x1106f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1107x
|style=&quot;background:#ffc0e0;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI SIGN OLD TAMIL VIRAMA|&amp;#x11070;}}||style=&quot;background:#ffc0e0;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI LETTER OLD TAMIL SHORT E|&amp;#x11071;}}||style=&quot;background:#ffc0e0;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI LETTER OLD TAMIL SHORT O|&amp;#x11072;}}||style=&quot;background:#ffc0e0;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI VOWEL SIGN OLD TAMIL SHORT E|&amp;#x11073;}}||style=&quot;background:#ffc0e0;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI VOWEL SIGN OLD TAMIL SHORT O|&amp;#x11074;}}||style=&quot;background:#ffc0e0;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI LETTER OLD TAMIL LLA|&amp;#x11075;}}||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;{{19.0}};{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI MINIMIZING VIRAMA|&amp;#x1107e;}}||style=&quot;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};font-size:75%&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAHMI NUMBER JOINER|[BNJ]}}
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | '''Kaithi'''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1108x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|KAITHI SIGN CANDRABINDU|&amp;#x11080;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAITHI SIGN ANUSVARA|&amp;#x11081;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAITHI SIGN VISARGA|&amp;#x11082;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAITHI LETTER A|&amp;#x11083;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAITHI LETTER AA|&amp;#x11084;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAITHI LETTER I|&amp;#x11085;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAITHI LETTER II|&amp;#x11086;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAITHI LETTER U|&amp;#x11087;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAITHI LETTER UU|&amp;#x11088;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAITHI LETTER E|&amp;#x11089;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAITHI LETTER AI|&amp;#x1108a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAITHI LETTER O|&amp;#x1108b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAITHI LETTER AU|&amp;#x1108c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAITHI LETTER KA|&amp;#x1108d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAITHI LETTER KHA|&amp;#x1108e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAITHI LETTER GA|&amp;#x1108f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1109x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|KAITHI LETTER GHA|&amp;#x11090;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAITHI LETTER NGA|&amp;#x11091;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAITHI LETTER CA|&amp;#x11092;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAITHI LETTER CHA|&amp;#x11093;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAITHI LETTER JA|&amp;#x11094;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAITHI LETTER JHA|&amp;#x11095;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAITHI LETTER NYA|&amp;#x11096;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAITHI LETTER TTA|&amp;#x11097;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAITHI LETTER TTHA|&amp;#x11098;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAITHI LETTER DDA|&amp;#x11099;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAITHI LETTER DDDHA|&amp;#x1109a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAITHI LETTER DDHA|&amp;#x1109b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAITHI LETTER RHA|&amp;#x1109c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAITHI LETTER NNA|&amp;#x1109d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAITHI LETTER TA|&amp;#x1109e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAITHI LETTER THA|&amp;#x1109f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|110Ax
|{{H:title|dotted=no|KAITHI LETTER DA|&amp;#x110a0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAITHI LETTER DHA|&amp;#x110a1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAITHI LETTER NA|&amp;#x110a2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAITHI LETTER PA|&amp;#x110a3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAITHI LETTER PHA|&amp;#x110a4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAITHI LETTER BA|&amp;#x110a5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAITHI LETTER BHA|&amp;#x110a6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAITHI LETTER MA|&amp;#x110a7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAITHI LETTER YA|&amp;#x110a8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAITHI LETTER RA|&amp;#x110a9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAITHI LETTER LA|&amp;#x110aa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAITHI LETTER VA|&amp;#x110ab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAITHI LETTER SHA|&amp;#x110ac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAITHI LETTER SSA|&amp;#x110ad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAITHI LETTER SA|&amp;#x110ae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAITHI LETTER HA|&amp;#x110af;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|110Bx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|KAITHI VOWEL SIGN AA|&amp;#x110b0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAITHI VOWEL SIGN I|&amp;#x110b1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAITHI VOWEL SIGN II|&amp;#x110b2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAITHI VOWEL SIGN U|&amp;#x110b3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAITHI VOWEL SIGN UU|&amp;#x110b4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAITHI VOWEL SIGN E|&amp;#x110b5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAITHI VOWEL SIGN AI|&amp;#x110b6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAITHI VOWEL SIGN O|&amp;#x110b7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAITHI VOWEL SIGN AU|&amp;#x110b8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAITHI SIGN VIRAMA|&amp;#x110b9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAITHI SIGN NUKTA|&amp;#x110ba;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAITHI ABBREVIATION SIGN|&amp;#x110bb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAITHI ENUMERATION SIGN|&amp;#x110bc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAITHI NUMBER SIGN|&amp;#x110bd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAITHI SECTION MARK|&amp;#x110be;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAITHI DOUBLE SECTION MARK|&amp;#x110bf;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|110Cx
|style=&quot;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|KAITHI DANDA|&amp;#x110c0;}}||style=&quot;background:#78ffca;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|KAITHI DOUBLE DANDA|&amp;#x110c1;}}||style=&quot;background:#ffc0e0;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|KAITHI VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC R|&amp;#x110c2;}}||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#d093ff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|KAITHI NUMBER SIGN ABOVE|&amp;#x110cd;}}||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | '''Sora Sompeng'''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#7ef9ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|110Dx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|SORA SOMPENG LETTER SAH|&amp;#x110d0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SORA SOMPENG LETTER TAH|&amp;#x110d1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SORA SOMPENG LETTER BAH|&amp;#x110d2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SORA SOMPENG LETTER CAH|&amp;#x110d3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SORA SOMPENG LETTER DAH|&amp;#x110d4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SORA SOMPENG LETTER GAH|&amp;#x110d5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SORA SOMPENG LETTER MAH|&amp;#x110d6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SORA SOMPENG LETTER NGAH|&amp;#x110d7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SORA SOMPENG LETTER LAH|&amp;#x110d8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SORA SOMPENG LETTER NAH|&amp;#x110d9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SORA SOMPENG LETTER VAH|&amp;#x110da;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SORA SOMPENG LETTER PAH|&amp;#x110db;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SORA SOMPENG LETTER YAH|&amp;#x110dc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SORA SOMPENG LETTER RAH|&amp;#x110dd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SORA SOMPENG LETTER HAH|&amp;#x110de;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SORA SOMPENG LETTER KAH|&amp;#x110df;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#7ef9ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|110Ex
|{{H:title|dotted=no|SORA SOMPENG LETTER JAH|&amp;#x110e0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SORA SOMPENG LETTER NYAH|&amp;#x110e1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SORA SOMPENG LETTER AH|&amp;#x110e2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SORA SOMPENG LETTER EEH|&amp;#x110e3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SORA SOMPENG LETTER IH|&amp;#x110e4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SORA SOMPENG LETTER UH|&amp;#x110e5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SORA SOMPENG LETTER OH|&amp;#x110e6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SORA SOMPENG LETTER EH|&amp;#x110e7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SORA SOMPENG LETTER MAE|&amp;#x110e8;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#7ef9ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|110Fx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|SORA SOMPENG DIGIT ZERO|&amp;#x110f0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SORA SOMPENG DIGIT ONE|&amp;#x110f1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SORA SOMPENG DIGIT TWO|&amp;#x110f2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SORA SOMPENG DIGIT THREE|&amp;#x110f3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SORA SOMPENG DIGIT FOUR|&amp;#x110f4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SORA SOMPENG DIGIT FIVE|&amp;#x110f5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SORA SOMPENG DIGIT SIX|&amp;#x110f6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SORA SOMPENG DIGIT SEVEN|&amp;#x110f7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SORA SOMPENG DIGIT EIGHT|&amp;#x110f8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SORA SOMPENG DIGIT NINE|&amp;#x110f9;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | '''Chakma'''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#7ef9ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1110x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA SIGN CANDRABINDU|&amp;#x11100;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA SIGN ANUSVARA|&amp;#x11101;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA SIGN VISARGA|&amp;#x11102;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA LETTER AA|&amp;#x11103;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA LETTER I|&amp;#x11104;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA LETTER U|&amp;#x11105;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA LETTER E|&amp;#x11106;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA LETTER KAA|&amp;#x11107;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA LETTER KHAA|&amp;#x11108;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA LETTER GAA|&amp;#x11109;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA LETTER GHAA|&amp;#x1110a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA LETTER NGAA|&amp;#x1110b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA LETTER CAA|&amp;#x1110c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA LETTER CHAA|&amp;#x1110d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA LETTER JAA|&amp;#x1110e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA LETTER JHAA|&amp;#x1110f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#7ef9ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1111x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA LETTER NYAA|&amp;#x11110;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA LETTER TTAA|&amp;#x11111;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA LETTER TTHAA|&amp;#x11112;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA LETTER DDAA|&amp;#x11113;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA LETTER DDHAA|&amp;#x11114;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA LETTER NNAA|&amp;#x11115;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA LETTER TAA|&amp;#x11116;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA LETTER THAA|&amp;#x11117;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA LETTER DAA|&amp;#x11118;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA LETTER DHAA|&amp;#x11119;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA LETTER NAA|&amp;#x1111a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA LETTER PAA|&amp;#x1111b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA LETTER PHAA|&amp;#x1111c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA LETTER BAA|&amp;#x1111d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA LETTER BHAA|&amp;#x1111e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA LETTER MAA|&amp;#x1111f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#7ef9ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1112x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA LETTER YYAA|&amp;#x11120;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA LETTER YAA|&amp;#x11121;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA LETTER RAA|&amp;#x11122;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA LETTER LAA|&amp;#x11123;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA LETTER WAA|&amp;#x11124;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA LETTER SAA|&amp;#x11125;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA LETTER HAA|&amp;#x11126;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA VOWEL SIGN A|&amp;#x11127;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA VOWEL SIGN I|&amp;#x11128;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA VOWEL SIGN II|&amp;#x11129;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA VOWEL SIGN U|&amp;#x1112a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA VOWEL SIGN UU|&amp;#x1112b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA VOWEL SIGN E|&amp;#x1112c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA VOWEL SIGN AI|&amp;#x1112d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA VOWEL SIGN O|&amp;#x1112e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA VOWEL SIGN AU|&amp;#x1112f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#7ef9ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1113x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA VOWEL SIGN OI|&amp;#x11130;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA O MARK|&amp;#x11131;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA AU MARK|&amp;#x11132;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA VIRAMA|&amp;#x11133;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA MAAYYAA|&amp;#x11134;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA DIGIT ZERO|&amp;#x11136;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA DIGIT ONE|&amp;#x11137;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA DIGIT TWO|&amp;#x11138;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA DIGIT THREE|&amp;#x11139;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA DIGIT FOUR|&amp;#x1113a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA DIGIT FIVE|&amp;#x1113b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA DIGIT SIX|&amp;#x1113c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA DIGIT SEVEN|&amp;#x1113d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA DIGIT EIGHT|&amp;#x1113e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA DIGIT NINE|&amp;#x1113f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1114x
|style=&quot;background:#7ef9ff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA SECTION MARK|&amp;#x11140;}}||style=&quot;background:#7ef9ff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA DANDA|&amp;#x11141;}}||style=&quot;background:#7ef9ff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA DOUBLE DANDA|&amp;#x11142;}}||style=&quot;background:#7ef9ff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA QUESTION MARK|&amp;#x11143;}}||style=&quot;background:#d093ff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA LETTER LHAA|&amp;#x11144;}}||style=&quot;background:#d093ff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA VOWEL SIGN AA|&amp;#x11145;}}||style=&quot;background:#d093ff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA VOWEL SIGN EI|&amp;#x11146;}}||style=&quot;background:#ffb0ff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAKMA LETTER VAA|&amp;#x11147;}}||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | '''Mahajani'''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1115x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|MAHAJANI LETTER A|&amp;#x11150;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAHAJANI LETTER I|&amp;#x11151;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAHAJANI LETTER U|&amp;#x11152;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAHAJANI LETTER E|&amp;#x11153;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAHAJANI LETTER O|&amp;#x11154;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAHAJANI LETTER KA|&amp;#x11155;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAHAJANI LETTER KHA|&amp;#x11156;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAHAJANI LETTER GA|&amp;#x11157;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAHAJANI LETTER GHA|&amp;#x11158;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAHAJANI LETTER CA|&amp;#x11159;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAHAJANI LETTER CHA|&amp;#x1115a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAHAJANI LETTER JA|&amp;#x1115b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAHAJANI LETTER JHA|&amp;#x1115c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAHAJANI LETTER NYA|&amp;#x1115d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAHAJANI LETTER TTA|&amp;#x1115e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAHAJANI LETTER TTHA|&amp;#x1115f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1116x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|MAHAJANI LETTER DDA|&amp;#x11160;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAHAJANI LETTER DDHA|&amp;#x11161;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAHAJANI LETTER NNA|&amp;#x11162;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAHAJANI LETTER TA|&amp;#x11163;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAHAJANI LETTER THA|&amp;#x11164;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAHAJANI LETTER DA|&amp;#x11165;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAHAJANI LETTER DHA|&amp;#x11166;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAHAJANI LETTER NA|&amp;#x11167;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAHAJANI LETTER PA|&amp;#x11168;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAHAJANI LETTER PHA|&amp;#x11169;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAHAJANI LETTER BA|&amp;#x1116a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAHAJANI LETTER BHA|&amp;#x1116b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAHAJANI LETTER MA|&amp;#x1116c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAHAJANI LETTER RA|&amp;#x1116d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAHAJANI LETTER LA|&amp;#x1116e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAHAJANI LETTER VA|&amp;#x1116f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1117x
|style=&quot;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|MAHAJANI LETTER SA|&amp;#x11170;}}||style=&quot;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|MAHAJANI LETTER HA|&amp;#x11171;}}||style=&quot;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|MAHAJANI LETTER RRA|&amp;#x11172;}}||style=&quot;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|MAHAJANI SIGN NUKTA|&amp;#x11173;}}||style=&quot;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|MAHAJANI ABBREVIATION SIGN|&amp;#x11174;}}||style=&quot;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|MAHAJANI SECTION MARK|&amp;#x11175;}}||style=&quot;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|MAHAJANI LIGATURE SHRI|&amp;#x11176;}}||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | '''Sharada'''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#7ef9ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1118x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA SIGN CANDRABINDU|&amp;#x11180;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA SIGN ANUSVARA|&amp;#x11181;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA SIGN VISARGA|&amp;#x11182;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA LETTER A|&amp;#x11183;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA LETTER AA|&amp;#x11184;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA LETTER I|&amp;#x11185;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA LETTER II|&amp;#x11186;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA LETTER U|&amp;#x11187;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA LETTER UU|&amp;#x11188;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA LETTER VOCALIC R|&amp;#x11189;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA LETTER VOCALIC RR|&amp;#x1118a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA LETTER VOCALIC L|&amp;#x1118b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA LETTER VOCALIC LL|&amp;#x1118c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA LETTER E|&amp;#x1118d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA LETTER AI|&amp;#x1118e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA LETTER O|&amp;#x1118f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#7ef9ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1119x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA LETTER AU|&amp;#x11190;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA LETTER KA|&amp;#x11191;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA LETTER KHA|&amp;#x11192;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA LETTER GA|&amp;#x11193;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA LETTER GHA|&amp;#x11194;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA LETTER NGA|&amp;#x11195;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA LETTER CA|&amp;#x11196;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA LETTER CHA|&amp;#x11197;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA LETTER JA|&amp;#x11198;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA LETTER JHA|&amp;#x11199;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA LETTER NYA|&amp;#x1119a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA LETTER TTA|&amp;#x1119b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA LETTER TTHA|&amp;#x1119c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA LETTER DDA|&amp;#x1119d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA LETTER DDHA|&amp;#x1119e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA LETTER NNA|&amp;#x1119f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#7ef9ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|111Ax
|{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA LETTER TA|&amp;#x111a0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA LETTER THA|&amp;#x111a1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA LETTER DA|&amp;#x111a2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA LETTER DHA|&amp;#x111a3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA LETTER NA|&amp;#x111a4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA LETTER PA|&amp;#x111a5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA LETTER PHA|&amp;#x111a6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA LETTER BA|&amp;#x111a7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA LETTER BHA|&amp;#x111a8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA LETTER MA|&amp;#x111a9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA LETTER YA|&amp;#x111aa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA LETTER RA|&amp;#x111ab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA LETTER LA|&amp;#x111ac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA LETTER LLA|&amp;#x111ad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA LETTER VA|&amp;#x111ae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA LETTER SHA|&amp;#x111af;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#7ef9ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|111Bx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA LETTER SSA|&amp;#x111b0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA LETTER SA|&amp;#x111b1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA LETTER HA|&amp;#x111b2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA VOWEL SIGN AA|&amp;#x111b3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA VOWEL SIGN I|&amp;#x111b4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA VOWEL SIGN II|&amp;#x111b5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA VOWEL SIGN U|&amp;#x111b6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA VOWEL SIGN UU|&amp;#x111b7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC R|&amp;#x111b8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC RR|&amp;#x111b9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC L|&amp;#x111ba;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC LL|&amp;#x111bb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA VOWEL SIGN E|&amp;#x111bc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA VOWEL SIGN AI|&amp;#x111bd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA VOWEL SIGN O|&amp;#x111be;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA VOWEL SIGN AU|&amp;#x111bf;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#7ef9ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|111Cx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA SIGN VIRAMA|&amp;#x111c0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA SIGN AVAGRAHA|&amp;#x111c1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA SIGN JIHVAMULIYA|&amp;#x111c2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA SIGN UPADHMANIYA|&amp;#x111c3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA OM|&amp;#x111c4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA DANDA|&amp;#x111c5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA DOUBLE DANDA|&amp;#x111c6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA ABBREVIATION SIGN|&amp;#x111c7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA SEPARATOR|&amp;#x111c8;}}||style=&quot;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA SANDHI MARK|&amp;#x111c9;}}||style=&quot;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA SIGN NUKTA|&amp;#x111ca;}}||style=&quot;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA VOWEL MODIFIER MARK|&amp;#x111cb;}}||style=&quot;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA EXTRA SHORT VOWEL MARK|&amp;#x111cc;}}||style=&quot;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA SUTRA MARK|&amp;#x111cd;}}||style=&quot;background:#ffb0ff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA VOWEL SIGN PRISHTHAMATRA E|&amp;#x111ce;}}||style=&quot;background:#ffb0ff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA SIGN INVERTED CANDRABINDU|&amp;#x111cf;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#7ef9ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|111Dx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA DIGIT ZERO|&amp;#x111d0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA DIGIT ONE|&amp;#x111d1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA DIGIT TWO|&amp;#x111d2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA DIGIT THREE|&amp;#x111d3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA DIGIT FOUR|&amp;#x111d4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA DIGIT FIVE|&amp;#x111d5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA DIGIT SIX|&amp;#x111d6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA DIGIT SEVEN|&amp;#x111d7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA DIGIT EIGHT|&amp;#x111d8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA DIGIT NINE|&amp;#x111d9;}}||style=&quot;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA EKAM|&amp;#x111da;}}||style=&quot;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA SIGN SIDDHAM|&amp;#x111db;}}||style=&quot;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA HEADSTROKE|&amp;#x111dc;}}||style=&quot;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA CONTINUATION SIGN|&amp;#x111dd;}}||style=&quot;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA SECTION MARK-1|&amp;#x111de;}}||style=&quot;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA SECTION MARK-2|&amp;#x111df;}}
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | '''Sinhala Archaic Numbers'''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|111Ex
|style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA ARCHAIC DIGIT ONE|&amp;#x111e1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA ARCHAIC DIGIT TWO|&amp;#x111e2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA ARCHAIC DIGIT THREE|&amp;#x111e3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA ARCHAIC DIGIT FOUR|&amp;#x111e4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA ARCHAIC DIGIT FIVE|&amp;#x111e5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA ARCHAIC DIGIT SIX|&amp;#x111e6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA ARCHAIC DIGIT SEVEN|&amp;#x111e7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA ARCHAIC DIGIT EIGHT|&amp;#x111e8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA ARCHAIC DIGIT NINE|&amp;#x111e9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA ARCHAIC NUMBER TEN|&amp;#x111ea;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA ARCHAIC NUMBER TWENTY|&amp;#x111eb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA ARCHAIC NUMBER THIRTY|&amp;#x111ec;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA ARCHAIC NUMBER FORTY|&amp;#x111ed;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA ARCHAIC NUMBER FIFTY|&amp;#x111ee;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA ARCHAIC NUMBER SIXTY|&amp;#x111ef;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|111Fx
|style=&quot;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA ARCHAIC NUMBER SEVENTY|&amp;#x111f0;}}||style=&quot;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA ARCHAIC NUMBER EIGHTY|&amp;#x111f1;}}||style=&quot;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA ARCHAIC NUMBER NINETY|&amp;#x111f2;}}||style=&quot;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA ARCHAIC NUMBER ONE HUNDRED|&amp;#x111f3;}}||style=&quot;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA ARCHAIC NUMBER ONE THOUSAND|&amp;#x111f4;}}||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | '''Khojki'''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1120x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|KHOJKI LETTER A|&amp;#x11200;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHOJKI LETTER AA|&amp;#x11201;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHOJKI LETTER I|&amp;#x11202;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHOJKI LETTER U|&amp;#x11203;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHOJKI LETTER E|&amp;#x11204;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHOJKI LETTER AI|&amp;#x11205;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHOJKI LETTER O|&amp;#x11206;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHOJKI LETTER AU|&amp;#x11207;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHOJKI LETTER KA|&amp;#x11208;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHOJKI LETTER KHA|&amp;#x11209;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHOJKI LETTER GA|&amp;#x1120a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHOJKI LETTER GGA|&amp;#x1120b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHOJKI LETTER GHA|&amp;#x1120c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHOJKI LETTER NGA|&amp;#x1120d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHOJKI LETTER CA|&amp;#x1120e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHOJKI LETTER CHA|&amp;#x1120f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1121x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|KHOJKI LETTER JA|&amp;#x11210;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHOJKI LETTER JJA|&amp;#x11211;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHOJKI LETTER NYA|&amp;#x11213;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHOJKI LETTER TTA|&amp;#x11214;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHOJKI LETTER TTHA|&amp;#x11215;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHOJKI LETTER DDA|&amp;#x11216;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHOJKI LETTER DDHA|&amp;#x11217;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHOJKI LETTER NNA|&amp;#x11218;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHOJKI LETTER TA|&amp;#x11219;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHOJKI LETTER THA|&amp;#x1121a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHOJKI LETTER DA|&amp;#x1121b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHOJKI LETTER DDDA|&amp;#x1121c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHOJKI LETTER DHA|&amp;#x1121d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHOJKI LETTER NA|&amp;#x1121e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHOJKI LETTER PA|&amp;#x1121f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1122x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|KHOJKI LETTER PHA|&amp;#x11220;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHOJKI LETTER BA|&amp;#x11221;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHOJKI LETTER BBA|&amp;#x11222;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHOJKI LETTER BHA|&amp;#x11223;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHOJKI LETTER MA|&amp;#x11224;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHOJKI LETTER YA|&amp;#x11225;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHOJKI LETTER RA|&amp;#x11226;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHOJKI LETTER LA|&amp;#x11227;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHOJKI LETTER VA|&amp;#x11228;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHOJKI LETTER SA|&amp;#x11229;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHOJKI LETTER HA|&amp;#x1122a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHOJKI LETTER LLA|&amp;#x1122b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHOJKI VOWEL SIGN AA|&amp;#x1122c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHOJKI VOWEL SIGN I|&amp;#x1122d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHOJKI VOWEL SIGN II|&amp;#x1122e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHOJKI VOWEL SIGN U|&amp;#x1122f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1123x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|KHOJKI VOWEL SIGN E|&amp;#x11230;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHOJKI VOWEL SIGN AI|&amp;#x11231;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHOJKI VOWEL SIGN O|&amp;#x11232;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHOJKI VOWEL SIGN AU|&amp;#x11233;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHOJKI SIGN ANUSVARA|&amp;#x11234;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHOJKI SIGN VIRAMA|&amp;#x11235;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHOJKI SIGN NUKTA|&amp;#x11236;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHOJKI SIGN SHADDA|&amp;#x11237;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHOJKI DANDA|&amp;#x11238;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHOJKI DOUBLE DANDA|&amp;#x11239;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHOJKI WORD SEPARATOR|&amp;#x1123a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHOJKI SECTION MARK|&amp;#x1123b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHOJKI DOUBLE SECTION MARK|&amp;#x1123c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHOJKI ABBREVIATION SIGN|&amp;#x1123d;}}||style=&quot;background:#9c8dff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|KHOJKI SIGN SUKUN|&amp;#x1123e;}}||style=&quot;background:#ffc0c0;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|KHOJKI LETTER QA|&amp;#x1123f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1124x
|style=&quot;background:#ffc0c0;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|KHOJKI LETTER SHORT I|&amp;#x11240;}}||style=&quot;background:#ffc0c0;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|KHOJKI VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC R|&amp;#x11241;}}||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | '''''Landa'''''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1125x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1126x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1127x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | '''Multani'''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1128x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|MULTANI LETTER A|&amp;#x11280;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MULTANI LETTER I|&amp;#x11281;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MULTANI LETTER U|&amp;#x11282;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MULTANI LETTER E|&amp;#x11283;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MULTANI LETTER KA|&amp;#x11284;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MULTANI LETTER KHA|&amp;#x11285;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MULTANI LETTER GA|&amp;#x11286;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|MULTANI LETTER GHA|&amp;#x11288;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|MULTANI LETTER CA|&amp;#x1128a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MULTANI LETTER CHA|&amp;#x1128b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MULTANI LETTER JA|&amp;#x1128c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MULTANI LETTER JJA|&amp;#x1128d;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|MULTANI LETTER NYA|&amp;#x1128f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1129x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|MULTANI LETTER TTA|&amp;#x11290;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MULTANI LETTER TTHA|&amp;#x11291;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MULTANI LETTER DDA|&amp;#x11292;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MULTANI LETTER DDDA|&amp;#x11293;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MULTANI LETTER DDHA|&amp;#x11294;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MULTANI LETTER NNA|&amp;#x11295;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MULTANI LETTER TA|&amp;#x11296;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MULTANI LETTER THA|&amp;#x11297;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MULTANI LETTER DA|&amp;#x11298;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MULTANI LETTER DHA|&amp;#x11299;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MULTANI LETTER NA|&amp;#x1129a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MULTANI LETTER PA|&amp;#x1129b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MULTANI LETTER PHA|&amp;#x1129c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MULTANI LETTER BA|&amp;#x1129d;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|MULTANI LETTER BHA|&amp;#x1129f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|112Ax
|{{H:title|dotted=no|MULTANI LETTER MA|&amp;#x112a0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MULTANI LETTER YA|&amp;#x112a1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MULTANI LETTER RA|&amp;#x112a2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MULTANI LETTER LA|&amp;#x112a3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MULTANI LETTER VA|&amp;#x112a4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MULTANI LETTER SA|&amp;#x112a5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MULTANI LETTER HA|&amp;#x112a6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MULTANI LETTER RRA|&amp;#x112a7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MULTANI LETTER RHA|&amp;#x112a8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MULTANI SECTION MARK|&amp;#x112a9;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | '''Khudawadi'''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|112Bx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|KHUDAWADI LETTER A|&amp;#x112b0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHUDAWADI LETTER AA|&amp;#x112b1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHUDAWADI LETTER I|&amp;#x112b2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHUDAWADI LETTER II|&amp;#x112b3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHUDAWADI LETTER U|&amp;#x112b4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHUDAWADI LETTER UU|&amp;#x112b5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHUDAWADI LETTER E|&amp;#x112b6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHUDAWADI LETTER AI|&amp;#x112b7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHUDAWADI LETTER O|&amp;#x112b8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHUDAWADI LETTER AU|&amp;#x112b9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHUDAWADI LETTER KA|&amp;#x112ba;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHUDAWADI LETTER KHA|&amp;#x112bb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHUDAWADI LETTER GA|&amp;#x112bc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHUDAWADI LETTER GGA|&amp;#x112bd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHUDAWADI LETTER GHA|&amp;#x112be;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHUDAWADI LETTER NGA|&amp;#x112bf;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|112Cx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|KHUDAWADI LETTER CA|&amp;#x112c0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHUDAWADI LETTER CHA|&amp;#x112c1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHUDAWADI LETTER JA|&amp;#x112c2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHUDAWADI LETTER JJA|&amp;#x112c3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHUDAWADI LETTER JHA|&amp;#x112c4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHUDAWADI LETTER NYA|&amp;#x112c5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHUDAWADI LETTER TTA|&amp;#x112c6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHUDAWADI LETTER TTHA|&amp;#x112c7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHUDAWADI LETTER DDA|&amp;#x112c8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHUDAWADI LETTER DDDA|&amp;#x112c9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHUDAWADI LETTER RRA|&amp;#x112ca;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHUDAWADI LETTER DDHA|&amp;#x112cb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHUDAWADI LETTER NNA|&amp;#x112cc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHUDAWADI LETTER TA|&amp;#x112cd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHUDAWADI LETTER THA|&amp;#x112ce;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHUDAWADI LETTER DA|&amp;#x112cf;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|112Dx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|KHUDAWADI LETTER DHA|&amp;#x112d0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHUDAWADI LETTER NA|&amp;#x112d1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHUDAWADI LETTER PA|&amp;#x112d2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHUDAWADI LETTER PHA|&amp;#x112d3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHUDAWADI LETTER BA|&amp;#x112d4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHUDAWADI LETTER BBA|&amp;#x112d5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHUDAWADI LETTER BHA|&amp;#x112d6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHUDAWADI LETTER MA|&amp;#x112d7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHUDAWADI LETTER YA|&amp;#x112d8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHUDAWADI LETTER RA|&amp;#x112d9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHUDAWADI LETTER LA|&amp;#x112da;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHUDAWADI LETTER VA|&amp;#x112db;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHUDAWADI LETTER SHA|&amp;#x112dc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHUDAWADI LETTER SA|&amp;#x112dd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHUDAWADI LETTER HA|&amp;#x112de;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHUDAWADI SIGN ANUSVARA|&amp;#x112df;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|112Ex
|{{H:title|dotted=no|KHUDAWADI VOWEL SIGN AA|&amp;#x112e0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHUDAWADI VOWEL SIGN I|&amp;#x112e1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHUDAWADI VOWEL SIGN II|&amp;#x112e2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHUDAWADI VOWEL SIGN U|&amp;#x112e3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHUDAWADI VOWEL SIGN UU|&amp;#x112e4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHUDAWADI VOWEL SIGN E|&amp;#x112e5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHUDAWADI VOWEL SIGN AI|&amp;#x112e6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHUDAWADI VOWEL SIGN O|&amp;#x112e7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHUDAWADI VOWEL SIGN AU|&amp;#x112e8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHUDAWADI SIGN NUKTA|&amp;#x112e9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHUDAWADI SIGN VIRAMA|&amp;#x112ea;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|112Fx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|KHUDAWADI DIGIT ZERO|&amp;#x112f0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHUDAWADI DIGIT ONE|&amp;#x112f1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHUDAWADI DIGIT TWO|&amp;#x112f2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHUDAWADI DIGIT THREE|&amp;#x112f3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHUDAWADI DIGIT FOUR|&amp;#x112f4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHUDAWADI DIGIT FIVE|&amp;#x112f5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHUDAWADI DIGIT SIX|&amp;#x112f6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHUDAWADI DIGIT SEVEN|&amp;#x112f7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHUDAWADI DIGIT EIGHT|&amp;#x112f8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHUDAWADI DIGIT NINE|&amp;#x112f9;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | '''Grantha'''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1130x
|style=&quot;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA SIGN COMBINING ANUSVARA ABOVE|&amp;#x11300;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA SIGN CANDRABINDU|&amp;#x11301;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA SIGN ANUSVARA|&amp;#x11302;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA SIGN VISARGA|&amp;#x11303;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA LETTER A|&amp;#x11305;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA LETTER AA|&amp;#x11306;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA LETTER I|&amp;#x11307;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA LETTER II|&amp;#x11308;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA LETTER U|&amp;#x11309;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA LETTER UU|&amp;#x1130a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA LETTER VOCALIC R|&amp;#x1130b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA LETTER VOCALIC L|&amp;#x1130c;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA LETTER EE|&amp;#x1130f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1131x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA LETTER AI|&amp;#x11310;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA LETTER OO|&amp;#x11313;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA LETTER AU|&amp;#x11314;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA LETTER KA|&amp;#x11315;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA LETTER KHA|&amp;#x11316;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA LETTER GA|&amp;#x11317;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA LETTER GHA|&amp;#x11318;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA LETTER NGA|&amp;#x11319;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA LETTER CA|&amp;#x1131a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA LETTER CHA|&amp;#x1131b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA LETTER JA|&amp;#x1131c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA LETTER JHA|&amp;#x1131d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA LETTER NYA|&amp;#x1131e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA LETTER TTA|&amp;#x1131f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1132x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA LETTER TTHA|&amp;#x11320;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA LETTER DDA|&amp;#x11321;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA LETTER DDHA|&amp;#x11322;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA LETTER NNA|&amp;#x11323;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA LETTER TA|&amp;#x11324;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA LETTER THA|&amp;#x11325;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA LETTER DA|&amp;#x11326;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA LETTER DHA|&amp;#x11327;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA LETTER NA|&amp;#x11328;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA LETTER PA|&amp;#x1132a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA LETTER PHA|&amp;#x1132b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA LETTER BA|&amp;#x1132c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA LETTER BHA|&amp;#x1132d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA LETTER MA|&amp;#x1132e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA LETTER YA|&amp;#x1132f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1133x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA LETTER RA|&amp;#x11330;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA LETTER LA|&amp;#x11332;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA LETTER LLA|&amp;#x11333;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA LETTER VA|&amp;#x11335;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA LETTER SHA|&amp;#x11336;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA LETTER SSA|&amp;#x11337;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA LETTER SA|&amp;#x11338;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA LETTER HA|&amp;#x11339;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#d093ff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING BINDU BELOW|&amp;#x1133b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA SIGN NUKTA|&amp;#x1133c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA SIGN AVAGRAHA|&amp;#x1133d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA VOWEL SIGN AA|&amp;#x1133e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA VOWEL SIGN I|&amp;#x1133f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1134x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA VOWEL SIGN II|&amp;#x11340;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA VOWEL SIGN U|&amp;#x11341;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA VOWEL SIGN UU|&amp;#x11342;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC R|&amp;#x11343;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC RR|&amp;#x11344;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA VOWEL SIGN EE|&amp;#x11347;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA VOWEL SIGN AI|&amp;#x11348;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA VOWEL SIGN OO|&amp;#x1134b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA VOWEL SIGN AU|&amp;#x1134c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA SIGN VIRAMA|&amp;#x1134d;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1135x
|style=&quot;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA OM|&amp;#x11350;}}||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA AU LENGTH MARK|&amp;#x11357;}}||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA SIGN PLUTA|&amp;#x1135d;}}||style=&quot;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA LETTER VEDIC ANUSVARA|&amp;#x1135e;}}||style=&quot;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA LETTER VEDIC DOUBLE ANUSVARA|&amp;#x1135f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1136x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA LETTER VOCALIC RR|&amp;#x11360;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA LETTER VOCALIC LL|&amp;#x11361;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC L|&amp;#x11362;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GRANTHA VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC LL|&amp;#x11363;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING GRANTHA DIGIT ZERO|&amp;#x11366;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING GRANTHA DIGIT ONE|&amp;#x11367;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING GRANTHA DIGIT TWO|&amp;#x11368;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING GRANTHA DIGIT THREE|&amp;#x11369;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING GRANTHA DIGIT FOUR|&amp;#x1136a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING GRANTHA DIGIT FIVE|&amp;#x1136b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING GRANTHA DIGIT SIX|&amp;#x1136c;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1137x
|style=&quot;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING GRANTHA LETTER A|&amp;#x11370;}}||style=&quot;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING GRANTHA LETTER KA|&amp;#x11371;}}||style=&quot;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING GRANTHA LETTER NA|&amp;#x11372;}}||style=&quot;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING GRANTHA LETTER VI|&amp;#x11373;}}||style=&quot;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING GRANTHA LETTER PA|&amp;#x11374;}}||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | '''Tulu-Tigalari'''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#edc3b4;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1138x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI LETTER A|&amp;#x11380;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI LETTER AA|&amp;#x11381;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI LETTER I|&amp;#x11382;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI LETTER II|&amp;#x11383;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI LETTER U|&amp;#x11384;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI LETTER UU|&amp;#x11385;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI LETTER VOCALIC R|&amp;#x11386;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI LETTER VOCALIC RR|&amp;#x11387;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI LETTER VOCALIC L|&amp;#x11388;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI LETTER VOCALIC LL|&amp;#x11389;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI LETTER EE|&amp;#x1138b;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI LETTER AI|&amp;#x1138e;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#edc3b4;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1139x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI LETTER OO|&amp;#x11390;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI LETTER AU|&amp;#x11391;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI LETTER KA|&amp;#x11392;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI LETTER KHA|&amp;#x11393;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI LETTER GA|&amp;#x11394;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI LETTER GHA|&amp;#x11395;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI LETTER NGA|&amp;#x11396;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI LETTER CA|&amp;#x11397;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI LETTER CHA|&amp;#x11398;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI LETTER JA|&amp;#x11399;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI LETTER JHA|&amp;#x1139a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI LETTER NYA|&amp;#x1139b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI LETTER TTA|&amp;#x1139c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI LETTER TTHA|&amp;#x1139d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI LETTER DDA|&amp;#x1139e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI LETTER DDHA|&amp;#x1139f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#edc3b4;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|113Ax
|{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI LETTER NNA|&amp;#x113a0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI LETTER TA|&amp;#x113a1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI LETTER THA|&amp;#x113a2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI LETTER DA|&amp;#x113a3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI LETTER DHA|&amp;#x113a4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI LETTER NA|&amp;#x113a5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI LETTER PA|&amp;#x113a6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI LETTER PHA|&amp;#x113a7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI LETTER BA|&amp;#x113a8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI LETTER BHA|&amp;#x113a9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI LETTER MA|&amp;#x113aa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI LETTER YA|&amp;#x113ab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI LETTER RA|&amp;#x113ac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI LETTER LA|&amp;#x113ad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI LETTER VA|&amp;#x113ae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI LETTER SHA|&amp;#x113af;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#edc3b4;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|113Bx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI LETTER SSA|&amp;#x113b0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI LETTER SA|&amp;#x113b1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI LETTER HA|&amp;#x113b2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI LETTER LLA|&amp;#x113b3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI LETTER RRA|&amp;#x113b4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI LETTER LLLA|&amp;#x113b5;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI SIGN AVAGRAHA|&amp;#x113b7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI VOWEL SIGN AA|&amp;#x113b8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI VOWEL SIGN I|&amp;#x113b9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI VOWEL SIGN II|&amp;#x113ba;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI VOWEL SIGN U|&amp;#x113bb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI VOWEL SIGN UU|&amp;#x113bc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC R|&amp;#x113bd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC RR|&amp;#x113be;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC L|&amp;#x113bf;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#edc3b4;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|113Cx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC LL|&amp;#x113c0;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI VOWEL SIGN EE|&amp;#x113c2;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI VOWEL SIGN AI|&amp;#x113c5;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI VOWEL SIGN OO|&amp;#x113c7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI VOWEL SIGN AU|&amp;#x113c8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI AU LENGTH MARK|&amp;#x113c9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI SIGN CANDRA ANUNASIKA|&amp;#x113ca;}}||style=&quot;{{19.0}};{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI SIGN COMBINING ANUSVARA ABOVE|&amp;#x113cb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI SIGN ANUSVARA|&amp;#x113cc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI SIGN VISARGA|&amp;#x113cd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI SIGN VIRAMA|&amp;#x113ce;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI SIGN LOOPED VIRAMA|&amp;#x113cf;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#edc3b4;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|113Dx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI CONJOINER|&amp;#x113d0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI REPHA|&amp;#x113d1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI GEMINATION MARK|&amp;#x113d2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI SIGN PLUTA|&amp;#x113d3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI DANDA|&amp;#x113d4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI DOUBLE DANDA|&amp;#x113d5;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI SIGN OM PUSHPIKA|&amp;#x113d7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI SIGN SHRII PUSHPIKA|&amp;#x113d8;}}||style=&quot;{{19.0}};{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI SIGN OM PUSHPIKA WITH TAIL|&amp;#x113d9;}}||style=&quot;{{19.0}};{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI SIGN SHRII PUSHPIKA WITH TAIL|&amp;#x113da;}}||style=&quot;{{19.0}};{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI LETTER ARCHAIC II|&amp;#x113db;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|113Ex
|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#edc3b4;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI VEDIC TONE SVARITA|&amp;#x113e1;}}||style=&quot;background:#edc3b4;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|TULU-TIGALARI VEDIC TONE ANUDATTA|&amp;#x113e2;}}||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|113Fx
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | '''Newa'''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#9c8dff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1140x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA LETTER A|&amp;#x11400;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA LETTER AA|&amp;#x11401;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA LETTER I|&amp;#x11402;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA LETTER II|&amp;#x11403;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA LETTER U|&amp;#x11404;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA LETTER UU|&amp;#x11405;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA LETTER VOCALIC R|&amp;#x11406;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA LETTER VOCALIC RR|&amp;#x11407;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA LETTER VOCALIC L|&amp;#x11408;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA LETTER VOCALIC LL|&amp;#x11409;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA LETTER E|&amp;#x1140a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA LETTER AI|&amp;#x1140b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA LETTER O|&amp;#x1140c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA LETTER AU|&amp;#x1140d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA LETTER KA|&amp;#x1140e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA LETTER KHA|&amp;#x1140f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#9c8dff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1141x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA LETTER GA|&amp;#x11410;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA LETTER GHA|&amp;#x11411;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA LETTER NGA|&amp;#x11412;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA LETTER NGHA|&amp;#x11413;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA LETTER CA|&amp;#x11414;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA LETTER CHA|&amp;#x11415;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA LETTER JA|&amp;#x11416;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA LETTER JHA|&amp;#x11417;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA LETTER NYA|&amp;#x11418;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA LETTER NYHA|&amp;#x11419;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA LETTER TTA|&amp;#x1141a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA LETTER TTHA|&amp;#x1141b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA LETTER DDA|&amp;#x1141c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA LETTER DDHA|&amp;#x1141d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA LETTER NNA|&amp;#x1141e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA LETTER TA|&amp;#x1141f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#9c8dff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1142x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA LETTER THA|&amp;#x11420;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA LETTER DA|&amp;#x11421;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA LETTER DHA|&amp;#x11422;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA LETTER NA|&amp;#x11423;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA LETTER NHA|&amp;#x11424;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA LETTER PA|&amp;#x11425;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA LETTER PHA|&amp;#x11426;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA LETTER BA|&amp;#x11427;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA LETTER BHA|&amp;#x11428;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA LETTER MA|&amp;#x11429;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA LETTER MHA|&amp;#x1142a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA LETTER YA|&amp;#x1142b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA LETTER RA|&amp;#x1142c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA LETTER RHA|&amp;#x1142d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA LETTER LA|&amp;#x1142e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA LETTER LHA|&amp;#x1142f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#9c8dff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1143x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA LETTER WA|&amp;#x11430;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA LETTER SHA|&amp;#x11431;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA LETTER SSA|&amp;#x11432;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA LETTER SA|&amp;#x11433;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA LETTER HA|&amp;#x11434;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA VOWEL SIGN AA|&amp;#x11435;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA VOWEL SIGN I|&amp;#x11436;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA VOWEL SIGN II|&amp;#x11437;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA VOWEL SIGN U|&amp;#x11438;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA VOWEL SIGN UU|&amp;#x11439;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC R|&amp;#x1143a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC RR|&amp;#x1143b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC L|&amp;#x1143c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC LL|&amp;#x1143d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA VOWEL SIGN E|&amp;#x1143e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA VOWEL SIGN AI|&amp;#x1143f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#9c8dff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1144x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA VOWEL SIGN O|&amp;#x11440;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA VOWEL SIGN AU|&amp;#x11441;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA SIGN VIRAMA|&amp;#x11442;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA SIGN CANDRABINDU|&amp;#x11443;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA SIGN ANUSVARA|&amp;#x11444;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA SIGN VISARGA|&amp;#x11445;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA SIGN NUKTA|&amp;#x11446;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA SIGN AVAGRAHA|&amp;#x11447;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA SIGN FINAL ANUSVARA|&amp;#x11448;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA OM|&amp;#x11449;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA SIDDHI|&amp;#x1144a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA DANDA|&amp;#x1144b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA DOUBLE DANDA|&amp;#x1144c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA COMMA|&amp;#x1144d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA GAP FILLER|&amp;#x1144e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA ABBREVIATION SIGN|&amp;#x1144f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#9c8dff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1145x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA DIGIT ZERO|&amp;#x11450;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA DIGIT ONE|&amp;#x11451;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA DIGIT TWO|&amp;#x11452;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA DIGIT THREE|&amp;#x11453;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA DIGIT FOUR|&amp;#x11454;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA DIGIT FIVE|&amp;#x11455;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA DIGIT SIX|&amp;#x11456;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA DIGIT SEVEN|&amp;#x11457;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA DIGIT EIGHT|&amp;#x11458;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA DIGIT NINE|&amp;#x11459;}}||style=&quot;background:#ffb0ff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA DOUBLE COMMA|&amp;#x1145a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA PLACEHOLDER MARK|&amp;#x1145b;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA INSERTION SIGN|&amp;#x1145d;}}||style=&quot;background:#d093ff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA SANDHI MARK|&amp;#x1145e;}}||style=&quot;background:#e896ff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA LETTER VEDIC ANUSVARA|&amp;#x1145f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1146x
|style=&quot;background:#ffb0ff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA SIGN JIHVAMULIYA|&amp;#x11460;}}||style=&quot;background:#ffb0ff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA SIGN UPHADHMANIYA|&amp;#x11461;}}||style=&quot;{{ProvUntargeted}};{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWA LETTER HEAVY YA|&amp;nbsp;}}||&amp;#x11462;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1147x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | '''Tirhuta'''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1148x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA ANJI|&amp;#x11480;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA LETTER A|&amp;#x11481;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA LETTER AA|&amp;#x11482;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA LETTER I|&amp;#x11483;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA LETTER II|&amp;#x11484;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA LETTER U|&amp;#x11485;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA LETTER UU|&amp;#x11486;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA LETTER VOCALIC R|&amp;#x11487;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA LETTER VOCALIC RR|&amp;#x11488;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA LETTER VOCALIC L|&amp;#x11489;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA LETTER VOCALIC LL|&amp;#x1148a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA LETTER E|&amp;#x1148b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA LETTER AI|&amp;#x1148c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA LETTER O|&amp;#x1148d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA LETTER AU|&amp;#x1148e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA LETTER KA|&amp;#x1148f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1149x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA LETTER KHA|&amp;#x11490;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA LETTER GA|&amp;#x11491;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA LETTER GHA|&amp;#x11492;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA LETTER NGA|&amp;#x11493;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA LETTER CA|&amp;#x11494;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA LETTER CHA|&amp;#x11495;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA LETTER JA|&amp;#x11496;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA LETTER JHA|&amp;#x11497;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA LETTER NYA|&amp;#x11498;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA LETTER TTA|&amp;#x11499;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA LETTER TTHA|&amp;#x1149a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA LETTER DDA|&amp;#x1149b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA LETTER DDHA|&amp;#x1149c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA LETTER NNA|&amp;#x1149d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA LETTER TA|&amp;#x1149e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA LETTER THA|&amp;#x1149f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|114Ax
|{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA LETTER DA|&amp;#x114a0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA LETTER DHA|&amp;#x114a1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA LETTER NA|&amp;#x114a2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA LETTER PA|&amp;#x114a3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA LETTER PHA|&amp;#x114a4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA LETTER BA|&amp;#x114a5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA LETTER BHA|&amp;#x114a6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA LETTER MA|&amp;#x114a7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA LETTER YA|&amp;#x114a8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA LETTER RA|&amp;#x114a9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA LETTER LA|&amp;#x114aa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA LETTER VA|&amp;#x114ab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA LETTER SHA|&amp;#x114ac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA LETTER SSA|&amp;#x114ad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA LETTER SA|&amp;#x114ae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA LETTER HA|&amp;#x114af;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|114Bx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA VOWEL SIGN AA|&amp;#x114b0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA VOWEL SIGN I|&amp;#x114b1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA VOWEL SIGN II|&amp;#x114b2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA VOWEL SIGN U|&amp;#x114b3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA VOWEL SIGN UU|&amp;#x114b4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC R|&amp;#x114b5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC RR|&amp;#x114b6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC L|&amp;#x114b7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC LL|&amp;#x114b8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA VOWEL SIGN E|&amp;#x114b9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA VOWEL SIGN SHORT E|&amp;#x114ba;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA VOWEL SIGN AI|&amp;#x114bb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA VOWEL SIGN O|&amp;#x114bc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA VOWEL SIGN SHORT O|&amp;#x114bd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA VOWEL SIGN AU|&amp;#x114be;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA SIGN CANDRABINDU|&amp;#x114bf;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|114Cx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA SIGN ANUSVARA|&amp;#x114c0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA SIGN VISARGA|&amp;#x114c1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA SIGN VIRAMA|&amp;#x114c2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA SIGN NUKTA|&amp;#x114c3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA SIGN AVAGRAHA|&amp;#x114c4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA GVANG|&amp;#x114c5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA ABBREVIATION SIGN|&amp;#x114c6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA OM|&amp;#x114c7;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|114Dx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA DIGIT ZERO|&amp;#x114d0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA DIGIT ONE|&amp;#x114d1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA DIGIT TWO|&amp;#x114d2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA DIGIT THREE|&amp;#x114d3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA DIGIT FOUR|&amp;#x114d4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA DIGIT FIVE|&amp;#x114d5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA DIGIT SIX|&amp;#x114d6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA DIGIT SEVEN|&amp;#x114d7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA DIGIT EIGHT|&amp;#x114d8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRHUTA DIGIT NINE|&amp;#x114d9;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | '''''Tani'''''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|114Ex
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|114Fx
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | '''''Ranjana'''''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1150x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1151x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1152x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1153x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1154x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1155x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1156x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1157x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | '''Siddham'''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1158x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM LETTER A|&amp;#x11580;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM LETTER AA|&amp;#x11581;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM LETTER I|&amp;#x11582;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM LETTER II|&amp;#x11583;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM LETTER U|&amp;#x11584;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM LETTER UU|&amp;#x11585;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM LETTER VOCALIC R|&amp;#x11586;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM LETTER VOCALIC RR|&amp;#x11587;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM LETTER VOCALIC L|&amp;#x11588;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM LETTER VOCALIC LL|&amp;#x11589;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM LETTER E|&amp;#x1158a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM LETTER AI|&amp;#x1158b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM LETTER O|&amp;#x1158c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM LETTER AU|&amp;#x1158d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM LETTER KA|&amp;#x1158e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM LETTER KHA|&amp;#x1158f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1159x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM LETTER GA|&amp;#x11590;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM LETTER GHA|&amp;#x11591;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM LETTER NGA|&amp;#x11592;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM LETTER CA|&amp;#x11593;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM LETTER CHA|&amp;#x11594;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM LETTER JA|&amp;#x11595;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM LETTER JHA|&amp;#x11596;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM LETTER NYA|&amp;#x11597;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM LETTER TTA|&amp;#x11598;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM LETTER TTHA|&amp;#x11599;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM LETTER DDA|&amp;#x1159a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM LETTER DDHA|&amp;#x1159b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM LETTER NNA|&amp;#x1159c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM LETTER TA|&amp;#x1159d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM LETTER THA|&amp;#x1159e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM LETTER DA|&amp;#x1159f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|115Ax
|{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM LETTER DHA|&amp;#x115a0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM LETTER NA|&amp;#x115a1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM LETTER PA|&amp;#x115a2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM LETTER PHA|&amp;#x115a3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM LETTER BA|&amp;#x115a4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM LETTER BHA|&amp;#x115a5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM LETTER MA|&amp;#x115a6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM LETTER YA|&amp;#x115a7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM LETTER RA|&amp;#x115a8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM LETTER LA|&amp;#x115a9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM LETTER VA|&amp;#x115aa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM LETTER SHA|&amp;#x115ab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM LETTER SSA|&amp;#x115ac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM LETTER SA|&amp;#x115ad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM LETTER HA|&amp;#x115ae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM VOWEL SIGN AA|&amp;#x115af;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|115Bx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM VOWEL SIGN I|&amp;#x115b0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM VOWEL SIGN II|&amp;#x115b1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM VOWEL SIGN U|&amp;#x115b2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM VOWEL SIGN UU|&amp;#x115b3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC R|&amp;#x115b4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC RR|&amp;#x115b5;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM VOWEL SIGN E|&amp;#x115b8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM VOWEL SIGN AI|&amp;#x115b9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM VOWEL SIGN O|&amp;#x115ba;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM VOWEL SIGN AU|&amp;#x115bb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM SIGN CANDRABINDU|&amp;#x115bc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM SIGN ANUSVARA|&amp;#x115bd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM SIGN VISARGA|&amp;#x115be;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM SIGN VIRAMA|&amp;#x115bf;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|115Cx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM SIGN NUKTA|&amp;#x115c0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM SIGN SIDDHAM|&amp;#x115c1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM DANDA|&amp;#x115c2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM DOUBLE DANDA|&amp;#x115c3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM SEPARATOR DOT|&amp;#x115c4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM SEPARATOR BAR|&amp;#x115c5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM REPETITION MARK-1|&amp;#x115c6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM REPETITION MARK-2|&amp;#x115c7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM REPETITION MARK-3|&amp;#x115c8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM END OF TEXT MARK|&amp;#x115c9;}}||style=&quot;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM SECTION MARK WITH TRIDENT AND U-SHAPED ORNAMENTS|&amp;#x115ca;}}||style=&quot;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM SECTION MARK WITH TRIDENT AND DOTTED CRESCENTS|&amp;#x115cb;}}||style=&quot;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM SECTION MARK WITH RAYS AND DOTTED CRESCENTS|&amp;#x115cc;}}||style=&quot;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM SECTION MARK WITH RAYS AND DOTTED DOUBLE CRESCENTS|&amp;#x115cd;}}||style=&quot;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM SECTION MARK WITH RAYS AND DOTTED TRIPLE CRESCENTS|&amp;#x115ce;}}||style=&quot;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM SECTION MARK DOUBLE RING|&amp;#x115cf;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|115Dx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM SECTION MARK DOUBLE RING WITH RAYS|&amp;#x115d0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM SECTION MARK WITH DOUBLE CRESCENTS|&amp;#x115d1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM SECTION MARK WITH TRIPLE CRESCENTS|&amp;#x115d2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM SECTION MARK WITH QUADRUPLE CRESCENTS|&amp;#x115d3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM SECTION MARK WITH SEPTUPLE CRESCENTS|&amp;#x115d4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM SECTION MARK WITH CIRCLES AND RAYS|&amp;#x115d5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM SECTION MARK WITH CIRCLES AND TWO ENCLOSURES|&amp;#x115d6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM SECTION MARK WITH CIRCLES AND FOUR ENCLOSURES|&amp;#x115d7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM LETTER THREE-CIRCLE ALTERNATE I|&amp;#x115d8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM LETTER TWO-CIRCLE ALTERNATE I|&amp;#x115d9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM LETTER TWO-CIRCLE ALTERNATE II|&amp;#x115da;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM LETTER ALTERNATE U|&amp;#x115db;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM VOWEL SIGN ALTERNATE U|&amp;#x115dc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIDDHAM VOWEL SIGN ALTERNATE UU|&amp;#x115dd;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|115Ex
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|115Fx
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | '''Modi'''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1160x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI LETTER A|&amp;#x11600;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI LETTER AA|&amp;#x11601;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI LETTER I|&amp;#x11602;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI LETTER II|&amp;#x11603;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI LETTER U|&amp;#x11604;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI LETTER UU|&amp;#x11605;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI LETTER VOCALIC R|&amp;#x11606;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI LETTER VOCALIC RR|&amp;#x11607;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI LETTER VOCALIC L|&amp;#x11608;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI LETTER VOCALIC LL|&amp;#x11609;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI LETTER E|&amp;#x1160a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI LETTER AI|&amp;#x1160b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI LETTER O|&amp;#x1160c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI LETTER AU|&amp;#x1160d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI LETTER KA|&amp;#x1160e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI LETTER KHA|&amp;#x1160f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1161x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI LETTER GA|&amp;#x11610;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI LETTER GHA|&amp;#x11611;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI LETTER NGA|&amp;#x11612;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI LETTER CA|&amp;#x11613;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI LETTER CHA|&amp;#x11614;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI LETTER JA|&amp;#x11615;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI LETTER JHA|&amp;#x11616;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI LETTER NYA|&amp;#x11617;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI LETTER TTA|&amp;#x11618;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI LETTER TTHA|&amp;#x11619;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI LETTER DDA|&amp;#x1161a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI LETTER DDHA|&amp;#x1161b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI LETTER NNA|&amp;#x1161c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI LETTER TA|&amp;#x1161d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI LETTER THA|&amp;#x1161e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI LETTER DA|&amp;#x1161f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1162x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI LETTER DHA|&amp;#x11620;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI LETTER NA|&amp;#x11621;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI LETTER PA|&amp;#x11622;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI LETTER PHA|&amp;#x11623;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI LETTER BA|&amp;#x11624;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI LETTER BHA|&amp;#x11625;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI LETTER MA|&amp;#x11626;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI LETTER YA|&amp;#x11627;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI LETTER RA|&amp;#x11628;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI LETTER LA|&amp;#x11629;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI LETTER VA|&amp;#x1162a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI LETTER SHA|&amp;#x1162b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI LETTER SSA|&amp;#x1162c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI LETTER SA|&amp;#x1162d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI LETTER HA|&amp;#x1162e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI LETTER LLA|&amp;#x1162f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1163x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI VOWEL SIGN AA|&amp;#x11630;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI VOWEL SIGN I|&amp;#x11631;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI VOWEL SIGN II|&amp;#x11632;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI VOWEL SIGN U|&amp;#x11633;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI VOWEL SIGN UU|&amp;#x11634;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC R|&amp;#x11635;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC RR|&amp;#x11636;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC L|&amp;#x11637;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC LL|&amp;#x11638;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI VOWEL SIGN E|&amp;#x11639;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI VOWEL SIGN AI|&amp;#x1163a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI VOWEL SIGN O|&amp;#x1163b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI VOWEL SIGN AU|&amp;#x1163c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI SIGN ANUSVARA|&amp;#x1163d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI SIGN VISARGA|&amp;#x1163e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI SIGN VIRAMA|&amp;#x1163f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1164x
|style=&quot;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI SIGN ARDHACANDRA|&amp;#x11640;}}||style=&quot;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI DANDA|&amp;#x11641;}}||style=&quot;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI DOUBLE DANDA|&amp;#x11642;}}||style=&quot;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI ABBREVIATION SIGN|&amp;#x11643;}}||style=&quot;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI SIGN HUVA|&amp;#x11644;}}||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1165x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI DIGIT ZERO|&amp;#x11650;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI DIGIT ONE|&amp;#x11651;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI DIGIT TWO|&amp;#x11652;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI DIGIT THREE|&amp;#x11653;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI DIGIT FOUR|&amp;#x11654;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI DIGIT FIVE|&amp;#x11655;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI DIGIT SIX|&amp;#x11656;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI DIGIT SEVEN|&amp;#x11657;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI DIGIT EIGHT|&amp;#x11658;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODI DIGIT NINE|&amp;#x11659;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | '''Mongolian Supplement'''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#9c8dff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1166x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|MONGOLIAN BIRGA WITH ORNAMENT|&amp;#x11660;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MONGOLIAN ROTATED BIRGA|&amp;#x11661;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MONGOLIAN DOUBLE BIRGA WITH ORNAMENT|&amp;#x11662;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MONGOLIAN TRIPLE BIRGA WITH ORNAMENT|&amp;#x11663;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MONGOLIAN BIRGA WITH DOUBLE ORNAMENT|&amp;#x11664;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MONGOLIAN ROTATED BIRGA WITH ORNAMENT|&amp;#x11665;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MONGOLIAN ROTATED BIRGA WITH DOUBLE ORNAMENT|&amp;#x11666;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MONGOLIAN INVERTED BIRGA|&amp;#x11667;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MONGOLIAN INVERTED BIRGA WITH DOUBLE ORNAMENT|&amp;#x11668;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MONGOLIAN SWIRL BIRGA|&amp;#x11669;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MONGOLIAN SWIRL BIRGA WITH ORNAMENT|&amp;#x1166a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MONGOLIAN SWIRL BIRGA WITH DOUBLE ORNAMENT|&amp;#x1166b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MONGOLIAN TURNED SWIRL BIRGA WITH DOUBLE ORNAMENT|&amp;#x1166c;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1167x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | '''Takri'''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#7ef9ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1168x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|TAKRI LETTER A|&amp;#x11680;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAKRI LETTER AA|&amp;#x11681;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAKRI LETTER I|&amp;#x11682;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAKRI LETTER II|&amp;#x11683;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAKRI LETTER U|&amp;#x11684;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAKRI LETTER UU|&amp;#x11685;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAKRI LETTER E|&amp;#x11686;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAKRI LETTER AI|&amp;#x11687;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAKRI LETTER O|&amp;#x11688;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAKRI LETTER AU|&amp;#x11689;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAKRI LETTER KA|&amp;#x1168a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAKRI LETTER KHA|&amp;#x1168b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAKRI LETTER GA|&amp;#x1168c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAKRI LETTER GHA|&amp;#x1168d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAKRI LETTER NGA|&amp;#x1168e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAKRI LETTER CA|&amp;#x1168f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#7ef9ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1169x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|TAKRI LETTER CHA|&amp;#x11690;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAKRI LETTER JA|&amp;#x11691;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAKRI LETTER JHA|&amp;#x11692;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAKRI LETTER NYA|&amp;#x11693;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAKRI LETTER TTA|&amp;#x11694;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAKRI LETTER TTHA|&amp;#x11695;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAKRI LETTER DDA|&amp;#x11696;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAKRI LETTER DDHA|&amp;#x11697;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAKRI LETTER NNA|&amp;#x11698;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAKRI LETTER TA|&amp;#x11699;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAKRI LETTER THA|&amp;#x1169a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAKRI LETTER DA|&amp;#x1169b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAKRI LETTER DHA|&amp;#x1169c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAKRI LETTER NA|&amp;#x1169d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAKRI LETTER PA|&amp;#x1169e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAKRI LETTER PHA|&amp;#x1169f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#7ef9ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|116Ax
|{{H:title|dotted=no|TAKRI LETTER BA|&amp;#x116a0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAKRI LETTER BHA|&amp;#x116a1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAKRI LETTER MA|&amp;#x116a2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAKRI LETTER YA|&amp;#x116a3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAKRI LETTER RA|&amp;#x116a4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAKRI LETTER LA|&amp;#x116a5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAKRI LETTER VA|&amp;#x116a6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAKRI LETTER SHA|&amp;#x116a7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAKRI LETTER SA|&amp;#x116a8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAKRI LETTER HA|&amp;#x116a9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAKRI LETTER RRA|&amp;#x116aa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAKRI SIGN ANUSVARA|&amp;#x116ab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAKRI SIGN VISARGA|&amp;#x116ac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAKRI VOWEL SIGN AA|&amp;#x116ad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAKRI VOWEL SIGN I|&amp;#x116ae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAKRI VOWEL SIGN II|&amp;#x116af;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#7ef9ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|116Bx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|TAKRI VOWEL SIGN U|&amp;#x116b0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAKRI VOWEL SIGN UU|&amp;#x116b1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAKRI VOWEL SIGN E|&amp;#x116b2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAKRI VOWEL SIGN AI|&amp;#x116b3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAKRI VOWEL SIGN O|&amp;#x116b4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAKRI VOWEL SIGN AU|&amp;#x116b5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAKRI SIGN VIRAMA|&amp;#x116b6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAKRI SIGN NUKTA|&amp;#x116b7;}}||style=&quot;background:#e896ff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|TAKRI LETTER ARCHAIC KHA|&amp;#x116b8;}}||style=&quot;background:#ffc0e0;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|TAKRI ABBREVIATION SIGN|&amp;#x116b9;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#7ef9ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|116Cx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|TAKRI DIGIT ZERO|&amp;#x116c0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAKRI DIGIT ONE|&amp;#x116c1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAKRI DIGIT TWO|&amp;#x116c2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAKRI DIGIT THREE|&amp;#x116c3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAKRI DIGIT FOUR|&amp;#x116c4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAKRI DIGIT FIVE|&amp;#x116c5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAKRI DIGIT SIX|&amp;#x116c6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAKRI DIGIT SEVEN|&amp;#x116c7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAKRI DIGIT EIGHT|&amp;#x116c8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAKRI DIGIT NINE|&amp;#x116c9;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | '''Myanmar Extended-C'''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#edc3b4;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|116Dx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR PAO DIGIT ZERO|&amp;#x116d0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR PAO DIGIT ONE|&amp;#x116d1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR PAO DIGIT TWO|&amp;#x116d2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR PAO DIGIT THREE|&amp;#x116d3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR PAO DIGIT FOUR|&amp;#x116d4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR PAO DIGIT FIVE|&amp;#x116d5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR PAO DIGIT SIX|&amp;#x116d6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR PAO DIGIT SEVEN|&amp;#x116d7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR PAO DIGIT EIGHT|&amp;#x116d8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR PAO DIGIT NINE|&amp;#x116d9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR EASTERN PWO KAREN DIGIT ZERO|&amp;#x116da;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR EASTERN PWO KAREN DIGIT ONE|&amp;#x116db;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR EASTERN PWO KAREN DIGIT TWO|&amp;#x116dc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR EASTERN PWO KAREN DIGIT THREE|&amp;#x116dd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR EASTERN PWO KAREN DIGIT FOUR|&amp;#x116de;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR EASTERN PWO KAREN DIGIT FIVE|&amp;#x116df;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|116Ex
|style=&quot;background:#edc3b4;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR EASTERN PWO KAREN DIGIT SIX|&amp;#x116e0;}}||style=&quot;background:#edc3b4;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR EASTERN PWO KAREN DIGIT SEVEN|&amp;#x116e1;}}||style=&quot;background:#edc3b4;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR EASTERN PWO KAREN DIGIT EIGHT|&amp;#x116e2;}}||style=&quot;background:#edc3b4;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR EASTERN PWO KAREN DIGIT NINE|&amp;#x116e3;}}||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|116Fx
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | '''Ahom'''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1170x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|AHOM LETTER KA|&amp;#x11700;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AHOM LETTER KHA|&amp;#x11701;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AHOM LETTER NGA|&amp;#x11702;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AHOM LETTER NA|&amp;#x11703;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AHOM LETTER TA|&amp;#x11704;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AHOM LETTER ALTERNATE TA|&amp;#x11705;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AHOM LETTER PA|&amp;#x11706;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AHOM LETTER PHA|&amp;#x11707;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AHOM LETTER BA|&amp;#x11708;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AHOM LETTER MA|&amp;#x11709;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AHOM LETTER JA|&amp;#x1170a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AHOM LETTER CHA|&amp;#x1170b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AHOM LETTER THA|&amp;#x1170c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AHOM LETTER RA|&amp;#x1170d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AHOM LETTER LA|&amp;#x1170e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AHOM LETTER SA|&amp;#x1170f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1171x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|AHOM LETTER NYA|&amp;#x11710;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AHOM LETTER HA|&amp;#x11711;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AHOM LETTER A|&amp;#x11712;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AHOM LETTER DA|&amp;#x11713;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AHOM LETTER DHA|&amp;#x11714;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AHOM LETTER GA|&amp;#x11715;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AHOM LETTER ALTERNATE GA|&amp;#x11716;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AHOM LETTER GHA|&amp;#x11717;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AHOM LETTER BHA|&amp;#x11718;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AHOM LETTER JHA|&amp;#x11719;}}||style=&quot;background:#d093ff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|AHOM LETTER ALTERNATE BA|&amp;#x1171a;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|AHOM CONSONANT SIGN MEDIAL LA|&amp;#x1171d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AHOM CONSONANT SIGN MEDIAL RA|&amp;#x1171e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AHOM CONSONANT SIGN MEDIAL LIGATING RA|&amp;#x1171f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1172x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|AHOM VOWEL SIGN A|&amp;#x11720;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AHOM VOWEL SIGN AA|&amp;#x11721;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AHOM VOWEL SIGN I|&amp;#x11722;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AHOM VOWEL SIGN II|&amp;#x11723;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AHOM VOWEL SIGN U|&amp;#x11724;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AHOM VOWEL SIGN UU|&amp;#x11725;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AHOM VOWEL SIGN E|&amp;#x11726;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AHOM VOWEL SIGN AW|&amp;#x11727;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AHOM VOWEL SIGN O|&amp;#x11728;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AHOM VOWEL SIGN AI|&amp;#x11729;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AHOM VOWEL SIGN AM|&amp;#x1172a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AHOM SIGN KILLER|&amp;#x1172b;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#8a94ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1173x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|AHOM DIGIT ZERO|&amp;#x11730;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AHOM DIGIT ONE|&amp;#x11731;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AHOM DIGIT TWO|&amp;#x11732;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AHOM DIGIT THREE|&amp;#x11733;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AHOM DIGIT FOUR|&amp;#x11734;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AHOM DIGIT FIVE|&amp;#x11735;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AHOM DIGIT SIX|&amp;#x11736;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AHOM DIGIT SEVEN|&amp;#x11737;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AHOM DIGIT EIGHT|&amp;#x11738;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AHOM DIGIT NINE|&amp;#x11739;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AHOM NUMBER TEN|&amp;#x1173a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AHOM NUMBER TWENTY|&amp;#x1173b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AHOM SIGN SMALL SECTION|&amp;#x1173c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AHOM SIGN SECTION|&amp;#x1173d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AHOM SIGN RULAI|&amp;#x1173e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AHOM SYMBOL VI|&amp;#x1173f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1174x
|style=&quot;background:#ffc0e0;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|AHOM LETTER CA|&amp;#x11740;}}||style=&quot;background:#ffc0e0;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|AHOM LETTER TTA|&amp;#x11741;}}||style=&quot;background:#ffc0e0;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|AHOM LETTER TTHA|&amp;#x11742;}}||style=&quot;background:#ffc0e0;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|AHOM LETTER DDA|&amp;#x11743;}}||style=&quot;background:#ffc0e0;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|AHOM LETTER DDHA|&amp;#x11744;}}||style=&quot;background:#ffc0e0;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|AHOM LETTER NNA|&amp;#x11745;}}||style=&quot;background:#ffc0e0;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|AHOM LETTER LLA|&amp;#x11746;}}||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | '''''Zou'''''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F 
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1175x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1176x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1177x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1178x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1179x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|117Ax
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | '''''Pyu'''''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F 
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|117Bx
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|117Cx
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|117Dx
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|117Ex
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | ''Unassigned''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F 
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|117Fx
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | '''Dogra'''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#d093ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1180x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|DOGRA LETTER A|&amp;#x11800;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOGRA LETTER AA|&amp;#x11801;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOGRA LETTER I|&amp;#x11802;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOGRA LETTER II|&amp;#x11803;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOGRA LETTER U|&amp;#x11804;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOGRA LETTER UU|&amp;#x11805;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOGRA LETTER E|&amp;#x11806;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOGRA LETTER AI|&amp;#x11807;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOGRA LETTER O|&amp;#x11808;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOGRA LETTER AU|&amp;#x11809;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOGRA LETTER KA|&amp;#x1180a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOGRA LETTER KHA|&amp;#x1180b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOGRA LETTER GA|&amp;#x1180c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOGRA LETTER GHA|&amp;#x1180d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOGRA LETTER NGA|&amp;#x1180e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOGRA LETTER CA|&amp;#x1180f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#d093ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1181x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|DOGRA LETTER CHA|&amp;#x11810;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOGRA LETTER JA|&amp;#x11811;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOGRA LETTER JHA|&amp;#x11812;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOGRA LETTER NYA|&amp;#x11813;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOGRA LETTER TTA|&amp;#x11814;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOGRA LETTER TTHA|&amp;#x11815;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOGRA LETTER DDA|&amp;#x11816;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOGRA LETTER DDHA|&amp;#x11817;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOGRA LETTER NNA|&amp;#x11818;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOGRA LETTER TA|&amp;#x11819;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOGRA LETTER THA|&amp;#x1181a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOGRA LETTER DA|&amp;#x1181b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOGRA LETTER DHA|&amp;#x1181c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOGRA LETTER NA|&amp;#x1181d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOGRA LETTER PA|&amp;#x1181e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOGRA LETTER PHA|&amp;#x1181f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#d093ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1182x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|DOGRA LETTER BA|&amp;#x11820;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOGRA LETTER BHA|&amp;#x11821;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOGRA LETTER MA|&amp;#x11822;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOGRA LETTER YA|&amp;#x11823;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOGRA LETTER RA|&amp;#x11824;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOGRA LETTER LA|&amp;#x11825;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOGRA LETTER VA|&amp;#x11826;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOGRA LETTER SHA|&amp;#x11827;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOGRA LETTER SSA|&amp;#x11828;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOGRA LETTER SA|&amp;#x11829;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOGRA LETTER HA|&amp;#x1182a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOGRA LETTER RRA|&amp;#x1182b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOGRA VOWEL SIGN AA|&amp;#x1182c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOGRA VOWEL SIGN I|&amp;#x1182d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOGRA VOWEL SIGN II|&amp;#x1182e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOGRA VOWEL SIGN U|&amp;#x1182f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#d093ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1183x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|DOGRA VOWEL SIGN UU|&amp;#x11830;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOGRA VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC R|&amp;#x11831;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOGRA VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC RR|&amp;#x11832;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOGRA VOWEL SIGN E|&amp;#x11833;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOGRA VOWEL SIGN AI|&amp;#x11834;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOGRA VOWEL SIGN O|&amp;#x11835;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOGRA VOWEL SIGN AU|&amp;#x11836;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOGRA SIGN ANUSVARA|&amp;#x11837;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOGRA SIGN VISARGA|&amp;#x11838;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOGRA SIGN VIRAMA|&amp;#x11839;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOGRA SIGN NUKTA|&amp;#x1183a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOGRA ABBREVIATION SIGN|&amp;#x1183b;}}||style=&quot;{{19.0}};{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|DOGRA SIGN CANDRABINDU|&amp;#x1183c;}}||style=&quot;{{19.0}};{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|DOGRA SIGN AVAGRAHA|&amp;#x1183d;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1184x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | '''Sirmauri'''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;{{19.0}};{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1185x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|SIRMAURI LETTER A|&amp;#x11850;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIRMAURI LETTER I|&amp;#x11851;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIRMAURI LETTER U|&amp;#x11852;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIRMAURI LETTER E|&amp;#x11853;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIRMAURI LETTER KA|&amp;#x11854;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIRMAURI LETTER KHA|&amp;#x11855;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIRMAURI LETTER GA|&amp;#x11856;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIRMAURI LETTER GHA|&amp;#x11857;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIRMAURI LETTER CA|&amp;#x11859;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIRMAURI LETTER CHA|&amp;#x1185a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIRMAURI LETTER JA|&amp;#x1185b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIRMAURI LETTER JHA|&amp;#x1185c;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIRMAURI LETTER TTA|&amp;#x1185e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIRMAURI LETTER TTHA|&amp;#x1185f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;{{19.0}};{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1186x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|SIRMAURI LETTER DDA|&amp;#x11860;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIRMAURI LETTER DDHA|&amp;#x11861;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIRMAURI LETTER NNA|&amp;#x11862;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIRMAURI LETTER TA|&amp;#x11863;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THA|&amp;#x11864;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIRMAURI LETTER DA|&amp;#x11865;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIRMAURI LETTER DHA|&amp;#x11866;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIRMAURI LETTER NA|&amp;#x11867;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIRMAURI LETTER PA|&amp;#x11868;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIRMAURI LETTER PHA|&amp;#x11869;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIRMAURI LETTER BA|&amp;#x1186a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIRMAURI LETTER BHA|&amp;#x1186b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIRMAURI LETTER MA|&amp;#x1186c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIRMAURI LETTER YA|&amp;#x1186d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIRMAURI LETTER RA|&amp;#x1186e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIRMAURI LETTER LA|&amp;#x1186f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;{{19.0}};{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1187x
|style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIRMAURI LETTER SA|&amp;#x11873;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIRMAURI LETTER HA|&amp;#x11874;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIRMAURI VOWEL SIGN AA|&amp;#x11875;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIRMAURI VOWEL SIGN II|&amp;#x11877;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIRMAURI VOWEL SIGN U|&amp;#x11878;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIRMAURI VOWEL SIGN E|&amp;#x1187a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIRMAURI VOWEL SIGN AI|&amp;#x1187b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIRMAURI VOWEL SIGN O|&amp;#x1187c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIRMAURI VOWEL SIGN AU|&amp;#x1187d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIRMAURI SIGN ANUSVARA|&amp;#x1187e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIRMAURI SIGN VISARGA|&amp;#x1187f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;{{19.0}};{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1188x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|SIRMAURI SIGN HALANTA|&amp;#x11880;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIRMAURI SIGN NUKTA|&amp;#x11881;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIRMAURI CONSONANT SIGN MEDIAL RA|&amp;#x11882;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIRMAURI EKAM|&amp;#x11883;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIRMAURI DIGIT ZERO|&amp;#x11886;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIRMAURI DIGIT ONE|&amp;#x11887;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIRMAURI DIGIT TWO|&amp;#x11888;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIRMAURI DIGIT THREE|&amp;#x11889;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIRMAURI DIGIT FOUR|&amp;#x1188a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIRMAURI DIGIT FIVE|&amp;#x1188b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIRMAURI DIGIT SIX|&amp;#x1188c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIRMAURI DIGIT SEVEN|&amp;#x1188d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIRMAURI DIGIT EIGHT|&amp;#x1188e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIRMAURI DIGIT NINE|&amp;#x1188f;}}
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | ''Unassigned''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F 
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1189x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | '''Warang Citi'''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|118Ax
|{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI CAPITAL LETTER NGAA|&amp;#x118a0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI CAPITAL LETTER A|&amp;#x118a1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI CAPITAL LETTER WI|&amp;#x118a2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI CAPITAL LETTER YU|&amp;#x118a3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI CAPITAL LETTER YA|&amp;#x118a4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI CAPITAL LETTER YO|&amp;#x118a5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI CAPITAL LETTER II|&amp;#x118a6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI CAPITAL LETTER UU|&amp;#x118a7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI CAPITAL LETTER E|&amp;#x118a8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI CAPITAL LETTER O|&amp;#x118a9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI CAPITAL LETTER ANG|&amp;#x118aa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI CAPITAL LETTER GA|&amp;#x118ab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI CAPITAL LETTER KO|&amp;#x118ac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI CAPITAL LETTER ENY|&amp;#x118ad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI CAPITAL LETTER YUJ|&amp;#x118ae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI CAPITAL LETTER UC|&amp;#x118af;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|118Bx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI CAPITAL LETTER ENN|&amp;#x118b0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI CAPITAL LETTER ODD|&amp;#x118b1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI CAPITAL LETTER TTE|&amp;#x118b2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI CAPITAL LETTER NUNG|&amp;#x118b3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI CAPITAL LETTER DA|&amp;#x118b4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI CAPITAL LETTER AT|&amp;#x118b5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI CAPITAL LETTER AM|&amp;#x118b6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI CAPITAL LETTER BU|&amp;#x118b7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI CAPITAL LETTER PU|&amp;#x118b8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI CAPITAL LETTER HIYO|&amp;#x118b9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI CAPITAL LETTER HOLO|&amp;#x118ba;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI CAPITAL LETTER HORR|&amp;#x118bb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI CAPITAL LETTER HAR|&amp;#x118bc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI CAPITAL LETTER SSUU|&amp;#x118bd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI CAPITAL LETTER SII|&amp;#x118be;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI CAPITAL LETTER VIYO|&amp;#x118bf;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|118Cx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI SMALL LETTER NGAA|&amp;#x118c0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI SMALL LETTER A|&amp;#x118c1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI SMALL LETTER WI|&amp;#x118c2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI SMALL LETTER YU|&amp;#x118c3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI SMALL LETTER YA|&amp;#x118c4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI SMALL LETTER YO|&amp;#x118c5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI SMALL LETTER II|&amp;#x118c6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI SMALL LETTER UU|&amp;#x118c7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI SMALL LETTER E|&amp;#x118c8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI SMALL LETTER O|&amp;#x118c9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI SMALL LETTER ANG|&amp;#x118ca;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI SMALL LETTER GA|&amp;#x118cb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI SMALL LETTER KO|&amp;#x118cc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI SMALL LETTER ENY|&amp;#x118cd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI SMALL LETTER YUJ|&amp;#x118ce;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI SMALL LETTER UC|&amp;#x118cf;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|118Dx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI SMALL LETTER ENN|&amp;#x118d0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI SMALL LETTER ODD|&amp;#x118d1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI SMALL LETTER TTE|&amp;#x118d2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI SMALL LETTER NUNG|&amp;#x118d3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI SMALL LETTER DA|&amp;#x118d4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI SMALL LETTER AT|&amp;#x118d5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI SMALL LETTER AM|&amp;#x118d6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI SMALL LETTER BU|&amp;#x118d7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI SMALL LETTER PU|&amp;#x118d8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI SMALL LETTER HIYO|&amp;#x118d9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI SMALL LETTER HOLO|&amp;#x118da;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI SMALL LETTER HORR|&amp;#x118db;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI SMALL LETTER HAR|&amp;#x118dc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI SMALL LETTER SSUU|&amp;#x118dd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI SMALL LETTER SII|&amp;#x118de;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI SMALL LETTER VIYO|&amp;#x118df;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|118Ex
|{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI DIGIT ZERO|&amp;#x118e0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI DIGIT ONE|&amp;#x118e1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI DIGIT TWO|&amp;#x118e2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI DIGIT THREE|&amp;#x118e3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI DIGIT FOUR|&amp;#x118e4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI DIGIT FIVE|&amp;#x118e5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI DIGIT SIX|&amp;#x118e6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI DIGIT SEVEN|&amp;#x118e7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI DIGIT EIGHT|&amp;#x118e8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI DIGIT NINE|&amp;#x118e9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI NUMBER TEN|&amp;#x118ea;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI NUMBER TWENTY|&amp;#x118eb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI NUMBER THIRTY|&amp;#x118ec;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI NUMBER FORTY|&amp;#x118ed;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI NUMBER FIFTY|&amp;#x118ee;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI NUMBER SIXTY|&amp;#x118ef;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|118Fx
|style=&quot;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI NUMBER SEVENTY|&amp;#x118f0;}}||style=&quot;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI NUMBER EIGHTY|&amp;#x118f1;}}||style=&quot;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI NUMBER NINETY|&amp;#x118f2;}}||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|WARANG CITI OM|&amp;#x118ff;}}
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | '''Dives Akuru'''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#ffb0ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1190x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU LETTER A|&amp;#x11900;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU LETTER AA|&amp;#x11901;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU LETTER I|&amp;#x11902;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU LETTER II|&amp;#x11903;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU LETTER U|&amp;#x11904;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU LETTER UU|&amp;#x11905;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU LETTER E|&amp;#x11906;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU LETTER O|&amp;#x11909;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU LETTER KA|&amp;#x1190c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU LETTER KHA|&amp;#x1190d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU LETTER GA|&amp;#x1190e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU LETTER GHA|&amp;#x1190f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#ffb0ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1191x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU LETTER NGA|&amp;#x11910;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU LETTER CA|&amp;#x11911;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU LETTER CHA|&amp;#x11912;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU LETTER JA|&amp;#x11913;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU LETTER NYA|&amp;#x11915;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU LETTER TTA|&amp;#x11916;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU LETTER DDA|&amp;#x11918;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU LETTER DDHA|&amp;#x11919;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU LETTER NNA|&amp;#x1191a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU LETTER TA|&amp;#x1191b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU LETTER THA|&amp;#x1191c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU LETTER DA|&amp;#x1191d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU LETTER DHA|&amp;#x1191e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU LETTER NA|&amp;#x1191f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#ffb0ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1192x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU LETTER PA|&amp;#x11920;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU LETTER PHA|&amp;#x11921;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU LETTER BA|&amp;#x11922;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU LETTER BHA|&amp;#x11923;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU LETTER MA|&amp;#x11924;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU LETTER YA|&amp;#x11925;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU LETTER YYA|&amp;#x11926;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU LETTER RA|&amp;#x11927;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU LETTER LA|&amp;#x11928;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU LETTER VA|&amp;#x11929;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU LETTER SHA|&amp;#x1192a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU LETTER SSA|&amp;#x1192b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU LETTER SA|&amp;#x1192c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU LETTER HA|&amp;#x1192d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU LETTER LLA|&amp;#x1192e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU LETTER ZA|&amp;#x1192f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#ffb0ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1193x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU VOWEL SIGN AA|&amp;#x11930;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU VOWEL SIGN I|&amp;#x11931;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU VOWEL SIGN II|&amp;#x11932;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU VOWEL SIGN U|&amp;#x11933;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU VOWEL SIGN UU|&amp;#x11934;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU VOWEL SIGN E|&amp;#x11935;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU VOWEL SIGN AI|&amp;#x11937;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU VOWEL SIGN O|&amp;#x11938;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU SIGN ANUSVARA|&amp;#x1193b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU SIGN CANDRABINDU|&amp;#x1193c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU SIGN HALANTA|&amp;#x1193d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU VIRAMA|&amp;#x1193e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU PREFIXED NASAL SIGN|&amp;#x1193f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1194x
|style=&quot;background:#ffb0ff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU MEDIAL YA|&amp;#x11940;}}||style=&quot;background:#ffb0ff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU INITIAL RA|&amp;#x11941;}}||style=&quot;background:#ffb0ff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU MEDIAL RA|&amp;#x11942;}}||style=&quot;background:#ffb0ff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU SIGN NUKTA|&amp;#x11943;}}||style=&quot;background:#ffb0ff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU DOUBLE DANDA|&amp;#x11944;}}||style=&quot;background:#ffb0ff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU GAP FILLER|&amp;#x11945;}}||style=&quot;background:#ffb0ff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU END OF TEXT MARK|&amp;#x11940;}}||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#ffb0ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1195x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU DIGIT ZERO|&amp;#x11950;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU DIGIT ONE|&amp;#x11951;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU DIGIT TWO|&amp;#x11952;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU DIGIT THREE|&amp;#x11953;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU DIGIT FOUR|&amp;#x11954;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU DIGIT FIVE|&amp;#x11955;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU DIGIT SIX|&amp;#x11956;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU DIGIT SEVEN|&amp;#x11957;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU DIGIT EIGHT|&amp;#x11958;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVES AKURU DIGIT NINE|&amp;#x11959;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | '''''Vatteluttu'''''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1196x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1197x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1198x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1199x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | '''Nandinagari'''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#e896ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|119Ax
|{{H:title|dotted=no|NANDINAGARI LETTER A|&amp;#x119a0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NANDINAGARI LETTER AA|&amp;#x119a1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NANDINAGARI LETTER I|&amp;#x119a2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NANDINAGARI LETTER II|&amp;#x119a3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NANDINAGARI LETTER U|&amp;#x119a4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NANDINAGARI LETTER UU|&amp;#x119a5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NANDINAGARI LETTER VOCALIC R|&amp;#x119a6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NANDINAGARI LETTER VOCALIC RR|&amp;#x119a7;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|NANDINAGARI LETTER E|&amp;#x119aa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NANDINAGARI LETTER AI|&amp;#x119ab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NANDINAGARI LETTER O|&amp;#x119ac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NANDINAGARI LETTER AU|&amp;#x119ad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NANDINAGARI LETTER KA|&amp;#x119ae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NANDINAGARI LETTER KHA|&amp;#x119af;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#e896ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|119Bx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|NANDINAGARI LETTER GA|&amp;#x119b0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NANDINAGARI LETTER GHA|&amp;#x119b1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NANDINAGARI LETTER NGA|&amp;#x119b2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NANDINAGARI LETTER CA|&amp;#x119b3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NANDINAGARI LETTER CHA|&amp;#x119b4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NANDINAGARI LETTER JA|&amp;#x119b5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NANDINAGARI LETTER JHA|&amp;#x119b6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NANDINAGARI LETTER NYA|&amp;#x119b7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NANDINAGARI LETTER TTA|&amp;#x119b8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NANDINAGARI LETTER TTHA|&amp;#x119b9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NANDINAGARI LETTER DDA|&amp;#x119ba;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NANDINAGARI LETTER DDHA|&amp;#x119bb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NANDINAGARI LETTER NNA|&amp;#x119bc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NANDINAGARI LETTER TA|&amp;#x119bd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NANDINAGARI LETTER THA|&amp;#x119be;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NANDINAGARI LETTER DA|&amp;#x119bf;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#e896ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|119Cx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|NANDINAGARI LETTER DHA|&amp;#x119c0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NANDINAGARI LETTER NA|&amp;#x119c1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NANDINAGARI LETTER PA|&amp;#x119c2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NANDINAGARI LETTER PHA|&amp;#x119c3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NANDINAGARI LETTER BA|&amp;#x119c4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NANDINAGARI LETTER BHA|&amp;#x119c5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NANDINAGARI LETTER MA|&amp;#x119c6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NANDINAGARI LETTER YA|&amp;#x119c7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NANDINAGARI LETTER RA|&amp;#x119c8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NANDINAGARI LETTER LA|&amp;#x119c9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NANDINAGARI LETTER VA|&amp;#x119ca;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NANDINAGARI LETTER SHA|&amp;#x119cb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NANDINAGARI LETTER SSA|&amp;#x119cc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NANDINAGARI LETTER SA|&amp;#x119cd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NANDINAGARI LETTER HA|&amp;#x119ce;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NANDINAGARI LETTER LLA|&amp;#x119cf;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#e896ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|119Dx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|NANDINAGARI LETTER RRA|&amp;#x119d0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NANDINAGARI VOWEL SIGN AA|&amp;#x119d1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NANDINAGARI VOWEL SIGN I|&amp;#x119d2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NANDINAGARI VOWEL SIGN II|&amp;#x119d3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NANDINAGARI VOWEL SIGN U|&amp;#x119d4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NANDINAGARI VOWEL SIGN UU|&amp;#x119d5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NANDINAGARI VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC R|&amp;#x119d6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NANDINAGARI VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC RR|&amp;#x119d7;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|NANDINAGARI VOWEL SIGN E|&amp;#x119da;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NANDINAGARI VOWEL SIGN AI|&amp;#x119db;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NANDINAGARI VOWEL SIGN O|&amp;#x119dc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NANDINAGARI VOWEL SIGN AU|&amp;#x119dd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NANDINAGARI SIGN ANUSVARA|&amp;#x119de;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NANDINAGARI SIGN VISARGA|&amp;#x119df;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|119Ex
|style=&quot;background:#e896ff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|NANDINAGARI SIGN VIRAMA|&amp;#x119e0;}}||style=&quot;background:#e896ff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|NANDINAGARI SIGN AVAGRAHA|&amp;#x119e1;}}||style=&quot;background:#e896ff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|NANDINAGARI SIGN SIDDHAM|&amp;#x119e2;}}||style=&quot;background:#e896ff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|NANDINAGARI HEADSTROKE|&amp;#x119e3;}}||style=&quot;background:#e896ff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|NANDINAGARI VOWEL SIGN PRISHTHAMATRA E|&amp;#x119e4;}}||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|119Fx
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | '''Zanabazar Square'''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#b690ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|11A0x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE LETTER A|&amp;#x11a00;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE VOWEL SIGN I|&amp;#x11a01;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE VOWEL SIGN UE|&amp;#x11a02;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE VOWEL SIGN U|&amp;#x11a03;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE VOWEL SIGN E|&amp;#x11a04;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE VOWEL SIGN OE|&amp;#x11a05;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE VOWEL SIGN O|&amp;#x11a06;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE VOWEL SIGN AI|&amp;#x11a07;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE VOWEL SIGN AU|&amp;#x11a08;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE VOWEL SIGN REVERSED I|&amp;#x11a09;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE VOWEL LENGTH MARK|&amp;#x11a0a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE LETTER KA|&amp;#x11a0b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE LETTER KHA|&amp;#x11a0c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE LETTER GA|&amp;#x11a0d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE LETTER GHA|&amp;#x11a0e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE LETTER NGA|&amp;#x11a0f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#b690ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|11A1x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE LETTER CA|&amp;#x11a10;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE LETTER CHA|&amp;#x11a11;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE LETTER JA|&amp;#x11a12;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE LETTER NYA|&amp;#x11a13;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE LETTER TTA|&amp;#x11a14;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE LETTER TTHA|&amp;#x11a15;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE LETTER DDA|&amp;#x11a16;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE LETTER DDHA|&amp;#x11a17;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE LETTER NNA|&amp;#x11a18;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE LETTER TA|&amp;#x11a19;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE LETTER THA|&amp;#x11a1a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE LETTER DA|&amp;#x11a1b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE LETTER DHA|&amp;#x11a1c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE LETTER NA|&amp;#x11a1d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE LETTER PA|&amp;#x11a1e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE LETTER PHA|&amp;#x11a1f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#b690ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|11A2x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE LETTER BA|&amp;#x11a20;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE LETTER BHA|&amp;#x11a21;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE LETTER MA|&amp;#x11a22;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE LETTER TSA|&amp;#x11a23;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE LETTER TSHA|&amp;#x11a24;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE LETTER DZA|&amp;#x11a25;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE LETTER DZHA|&amp;#x11a26;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE LETTER ZHA|&amp;#x11a27;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE LETTER ZA|&amp;#x11a28;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE LETTER -A|&amp;#x11a29;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE LETTER YA|&amp;#x11a2a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE LETTER RA|&amp;#x11a2b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE LETTER LA|&amp;#x11a2c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE LETTER VA|&amp;#x11a2d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE LETTER SHA|&amp;#x11a2e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE LETTER SSA|&amp;#x11a2f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#b690ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|11A3x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE LETTER SA|&amp;#x11a30;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE LETTER HA|&amp;#x11a31;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE LETTER KSSA|&amp;#x11a32;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE FINAL CONSONANT MARK|&amp;#x11a33;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE SIGN VIRAMA|&amp;#x11a34;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE SIGN CANDRABINDU|&amp;#x11a35;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE SIGN CANDRABINDU WITH ORNAMENT|&amp;#x11a36;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE SIGN CANDRA WITH ORNAMENT|&amp;#x11a37;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE SIGN ANUSVARA|&amp;#x11a38;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE SIGN VISARGA|&amp;#x11a39;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE CLUSTER-INITIAL LETTER RA|&amp;#x11a3a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE CLUSTER-FINAL LETTER YA|&amp;#x11a3b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE CLUSTER-FINAL LETTER RA|&amp;#x11a3c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE CLUSTER-FINAL LETTER LA|&amp;#x11a3d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE CLUSTER-FINAL LETTER VA|&amp;#x11a3e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE INITIAL HEAD MARK|&amp;#x11a3f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#b690ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|11A4x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE CLOSING HEAD MARK|&amp;#x11a40;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE MARK TSHEG|&amp;#x11a41;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE MARK SHAD|&amp;#x11a42;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE MARK DOUBLE SHAD|&amp;#x11a43;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE MARK LONG TSHEG|&amp;#x11a44;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE INITIAL DOUBLE-LINED HEAD MARK|&amp;#x11a45;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE CLOSING DOUBLE-LINED HEAD MARK|&amp;#x11a46;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZANABAZAR SQUARE SUBJOINER|&amp;#x11a47;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | '''Soyombo'''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#b690ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|11A5x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO LETTER A|&amp;#x11a50;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO VOWEL SIGN I|&amp;#x11a51;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO VOWEL SIGN UE|&amp;#x11a52;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO VOWEL SIGN U|&amp;#x11a53;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO VOWEL SIGN E|&amp;#x11a54;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO VOWEL SIGN O|&amp;#x11a55;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO VOWEL SIGN OE|&amp;#x11a56;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO VOWEL SIGN AI|&amp;#x11a57;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO VOWEL SIGN AU|&amp;#x11a58;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC R|&amp;#x11a59;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC L|&amp;#x11a5a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO VOWEL LENGTH MARK|&amp;#x11a5b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO LETTER KA|&amp;#x11a5c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO LETTER KHA|&amp;#x11a5d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO LETTER GA|&amp;#x11a5e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO LETTER GHA|&amp;#x11a5f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#b690ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|11A6x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO LETTER NGA|&amp;#x11a60;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO LETTER CA|&amp;#x11a61;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO LETTER CHA|&amp;#x11a62;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO LETTER JA|&amp;#x11a63;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO LETTER JHA|&amp;#x11a64;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO LETTER NYA|&amp;#x11a65;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO LETTER TTA|&amp;#x11a66;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO LETTER TTHA|&amp;#x11a67;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO LETTER DDA|&amp;#x11a68;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO LETTER DDHA|&amp;#x11a69;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO LETTER NNA|&amp;#x11a6a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO LETTER TA|&amp;#x11a6b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO LETTER THA|&amp;#x11a6c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO LETTER DA|&amp;#x11a6d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO LETTER DHA|&amp;#x11a6e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO LETTER NA|&amp;#x11a6f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#b690ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|11A7x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO LETTER PA|&amp;#x11a70;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO LETTER PHA|&amp;#x11a71;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO LETTER BA|&amp;#x11a72;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO LETTER BHA|&amp;#x11a73;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO LETTER MA|&amp;#x11a74;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO LETTER TSA|&amp;#x11a75;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO LETTER TSHA|&amp;#x11a76;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO LETTER DZA|&amp;#x11a77;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO LETTER ZHA|&amp;#x11a78;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO LETTER ZA|&amp;#x11a79;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO LETTER -A|&amp;#x11a7a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO LETTER YA|&amp;#x11a7b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO LETTER RA|&amp;#x11a7c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO LETTER LA|&amp;#x11a7d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO LETTER VA|&amp;#x11a7e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO LETTER SHA|&amp;#x11a7f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#b690ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|11A8x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO LETTER SSA|&amp;#x11a80;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO LETTER SA|&amp;#x11a81;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO LETTER HA|&amp;#x11a82;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO LETTER KSSA|&amp;#x11a83;}}||style=&quot;background:#e896ff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO SIGN JIHVAMULIYA|&amp;#x11a84;}}||style=&quot;background:#e896ff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO SIGN UPADHMANIYA|&amp;#x11a85;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO CLUSTER-INITIAL LETTER RA|&amp;#x11a86;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO CLUSTER-INITIAL LETTER LA|&amp;#x11a87;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO CLUSTER-INITIAL LETTER SHA|&amp;#x11a88;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO CLUSTER-INITIAL LETTER SA|&amp;#x11a89;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO FINAL CONSONANT SIGN G|&amp;#x11a8a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO FINAL CONSONANT SIGN K|&amp;#x11a8b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO FINAL CONSONANT SIGN NG|&amp;#x11a8c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO FINAL CONSONANT SIGN D|&amp;#x11a8d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO FINAL CONSONANT SIGN N|&amp;#x11a8e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO FINAL CONSONANT SIGN B|&amp;#x11a8f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#b690ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|11A9x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO FINAL CONSONANT SIGN M|&amp;#x11a90;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO FINAL CONSONANT SIGN R|&amp;#x11a91;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO FINAL CONSONANT SIGN L|&amp;#x11a92;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO FINAL CONSONANT SIGN SH|&amp;#x11a93;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO FINAL CONSONANT SIGN S|&amp;#x11a94;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO FINAL CONSONANT SIGN -A|&amp;#x11a95;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO SIGN ANUSVARA|&amp;#x11a96;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO SIGN VISARGA|&amp;#x11a97;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO GEMINATION MARK|&amp;#x11a98;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO SUBJOINER|&amp;#x11a99;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO MARK TSHEG|&amp;#x11a9a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO MARK SHAD|&amp;#x11a9b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO MARK DOUBLE SHAD|&amp;#x11a9c;}}||style=&quot;background:#d093ff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO MARK PLUTA|&amp;#x11a9d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO HEAD MARK WITH MOON AND SUN AND TRIPLE FLAME|&amp;#x11a9e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO HEAD MARK WITH MOON AND SUN AND FLAME|&amp;#x11a9f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|11AAx
|style=&quot;background:#b690ff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO HEAD MARK WITH MOON AND SUN|&amp;#x11aa0;}}||style=&quot;background:#b690ff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO TERMINAL MARK-1|&amp;#x11aa1;}}||style=&quot;background:#b690ff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|SOYOMBO TERMINAL MARK-2|&amp;#x11aa2;}}||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | '''Unified Canadian Aboriginal Syllabics Extended-A'''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#ffc0e0;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|11ABx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS NATTILIK HI|&amp;#x11ab0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS NATTILIK HII|&amp;#x11ab1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS NATTILIK HO|&amp;#x11ab2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS NATTILIK HOO|&amp;#x11ab3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS NATTILIK HA|&amp;#x11ab4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS NATTILIK HAA|&amp;#x11ab5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS NATTILIK SHRI|&amp;#x11ab6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS NATTILIK SHRII|&amp;#x11ab7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS NATTILIK SHRO|&amp;#x11ab8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS NATTILIK SHROO|&amp;#x11ab9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS NATTILIK SHRA|&amp;#x11aba;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS NATTILIK SHRAA|&amp;#x11abb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS SPE|&amp;#x11abc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS SPI|&amp;#x11abd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS SPO|&amp;#x11abe;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS SPA|&amp;#x11abf;}}
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | '''Pau Cin Hau'''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|11ACx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|PAU CIN HAU LETTER PA|&amp;#x11ac0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAU CIN HAU LETTER KA|&amp;#x11ac1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAU CIN HAU LETTER LA|&amp;#x11ac2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAU CIN HAU LETTER MA|&amp;#x11ac3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAU CIN HAU LETTER DA|&amp;#x11ac4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAU CIN HAU LETTER ZA|&amp;#x11ac5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAU CIN HAU LETTER VA|&amp;#x11ac6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAU CIN HAU LETTER NGA|&amp;#x11ac7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAU CIN HAU LETTER HA|&amp;#x11ac8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAU CIN HAU LETTER GA|&amp;#x11ac9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAU CIN HAU LETTER KHA|&amp;#x11aca;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAU CIN HAU LETTER SA|&amp;#x11acb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAU CIN HAU LETTER BA|&amp;#x11acc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAU CIN HAU LETTER CA|&amp;#x11acd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAU CIN HAU LETTER TA|&amp;#x11ace;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAU CIN HAU LETTER THA|&amp;#x11acf;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|11ADx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|PAU CIN HAU LETTER NA|&amp;#x11ad0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAU CIN HAU LETTER PHA|&amp;#x11ad1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAU CIN HAU LETTER RA|&amp;#x11ad2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAU CIN HAU LETTER FA|&amp;#x11ad3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAU CIN HAU LETTER CHA|&amp;#x11ad4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAU CIN HAU LETTER A|&amp;#x11ad5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAU CIN HAU LETTER E|&amp;#x11ad6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAU CIN HAU LETTER I|&amp;#x11ad7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAU CIN HAU LETTER O|&amp;#x11ad8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAU CIN HAU LETTER U|&amp;#x11ad9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAU CIN HAU LETTER UA|&amp;#x11ada;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAU CIN HAU LETTER IA|&amp;#x11adb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAU CIN HAU LETTER FINAL P|&amp;#x11adc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAU CIN HAU LETTER FINAL K|&amp;#x11add;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAU CIN HAU LETTER FINAL T|&amp;#x11ade;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAU CIN HAU LETTER FINAL M|&amp;#x11adf;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|11AEx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|PAU CIN HAU LETTER FINAL N|&amp;#x11ae0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAU CIN HAU LETTER FINAL L|&amp;#x11ae1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAU CIN HAU LETTER FINAL W|&amp;#x11ae2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAU CIN HAU LETTER FINAL NG|&amp;#x11ae3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAU CIN HAU LETTER FINAL Y|&amp;#x11ae4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAU CIN HAU RISING TONE LONG|&amp;#x11ae5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAU CIN HAU RISING TONE|&amp;#x11ae6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAU CIN HAU SANDHI GLOTTAL STOP|&amp;#x11ae7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAU CIN HAU RISING TONE LONG FINAL|&amp;#x11ae8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAU CIN HAU RISING TONE FINAL|&amp;#x11ae9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAU CIN HAU SANDHI GLOTTAL STOP FINAL|&amp;#x11aea;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAU CIN HAU SANDHI TONE LONG|&amp;#x11aeb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAU CIN HAU SANDHI TONE|&amp;#x11aec;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAU CIN HAU SANDHI TONE LONG FINAL|&amp;#x11aed;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAU CIN HAU SANDHI TONE FINAL|&amp;#x11aee;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAU CIN HAU MID-LEVEL TONE|&amp;#x11aef;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|11AFx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|PAU CIN HAU GLOTTAL STOP VARIANT|&amp;#x11af0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAU CIN HAU MID-LEVEL TONE LONG FINAL|&amp;#x11af1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAU CIN HAU MID-LEVEL TONE FINAL|&amp;#x11af2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAU CIN HAU LOW-FALLING TONE LONG|&amp;#x11af3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAU CIN HAU LOW-FALLING TONE|&amp;#x11af4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAU CIN HAU GLOTTAL STOP|&amp;#x11af5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAU CIN HAU LOW-FALLING TONE LONG FINAL|&amp;#x11af6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAU CIN HAU LOW-FALLING TONE FINAL|&amp;#x11af7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAU CIN HAU GLOTTAL STOP FINAL|&amp;#x11af8;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | '''Devanagari Extended-A'''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#ffc0c0;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|11B0x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI HEAD MARK|&amp;#x11b00;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI HEAD MARK WITH HEADSTROKE|&amp;#x11b01;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI SIGN BHALE|&amp;#x11b02;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI SIGN BHALE WITH HOOK|&amp;#x11b03;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI SIGN EXTENDED BHALE|&amp;#x11b04;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI SIGN EXTENDED BHALE WITH HOOK|&amp;#x11b05;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI SIGN WESTERN FIVE-LIKE BHALE|&amp;#x11b06;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI SIGN WESTERN NINE-LIKE BHALE|&amp;#x11b07;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI SIGN REVERSED NINE-LIKE BHALE|&amp;#x11b08;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI SIGN MINDU|&amp;#x11b09;}}||style=&quot;background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER ALTERNATE DDDA|&amp;#x11b0a;}}||style=&quot;{{19.0}};{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI SIGN JIHVAMULIYA|&amp;#x11b0b;}}||style=&quot;{{19.0}};{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI SIGN UPADHMANIYA|&amp;#x11b0c;}}||style=&quot;{{ProvUntargeted}};{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI SIGN FINAL ANUSVARA|&amp;#x11b0d;}}||style=&quot;{{ProvUntargeted}};{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI CONTINUATION SIGN|&amp;#x11b0e;}}||style=&quot;{{ProvUntargeted}};{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI CORRECTION MARK FOR VOWEL SIGNS|&amp;#x11b0f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|11B1x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|11B2x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|11B3x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|11B4x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|11B5x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | '''Sharada Supplement'''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|11B6x
|style=&quot;background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA VOWEL SIGN OE|&amp;#x11b60;}}||style=&quot;background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA VOWEL SIGN OOE|&amp;#x11b61;}}||style=&quot;background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA VOWEL SIGN UE|&amp;#x11b62;}}||style=&quot;background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA VOWEL SIGN UUE|&amp;#x11b63;}}||style=&quot;background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA VOWEL SIGN SHORT E|&amp;#x11b64;}}||style=&quot;background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA VOWEL SIGN SHORT O|&amp;#x11b65;}}||style=&quot;background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA VOWEL SIGN CANDRA E|&amp;#x11b66;}}||style=&quot;background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|SHARADA VOWEL SIGN CANDRA O|&amp;#x11b67;}}||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|11B7x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | '''Leke'''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;{{ProvUntargeted}};{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|11B8x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|LEKE LETTER KA|&amp;#x11b80;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEKE LETTER HKA|&amp;#x11b81;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEKE LETTER NGA|&amp;#x11b82;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEKE LETTER CA|&amp;#x11b83;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEKE LETTER HCA|&amp;#x11b84;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEKE LETTER NYA|&amp;#x11b85;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEKE LETTER TA|&amp;#x11b86;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEKE LETTER HTA|&amp;#x11b87;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEKE LETTER NA|&amp;#x11b88;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEKE LETTER SA|&amp;#x11b89;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEKE LETTER PA|&amp;#x11b8a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEKE LETTER HPA|&amp;#x11b8b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEKE LETTER MA|&amp;#x11b8c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEKE LETTER YA|&amp;#x11b8d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEKE LETTER RA|&amp;#x11b8e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEKE LETTER LA|&amp;#x11b8f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;{{ProvUntargeted}};{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|11B9x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|LEKE LETTER WA|&amp;#x11b90;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEKE LETTER THA|&amp;#x11b91;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEKE LETTER GHA|&amp;#x11b92;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEKE LETTER HA|&amp;#x11b93;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEKE LETTER KHA|&amp;#x11b94;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEKE LETTER HWA|&amp;#x11b95;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEKE LETTER QA|&amp;#x11b96;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEKE LETTER BA|&amp;#x11b97;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEKE LETTER DA|&amp;#x11b98;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEKE SIGN DWAI THA|&amp;#x11b9c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEKE SIGN TANG PI|&amp;#x11b9d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEKE SIGN THA LANG|&amp;#x11b9e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEKE SIGN THA PI|&amp;#x11b9f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;{{ProvUntargeted}};{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|11BAx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|LEKE SIGN TANG DWAI|&amp;#x11ba0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEKE SIGN TANG KANG LI
|&amp;#x11ba1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEKE SIGN SEUNG NU CEU|&amp;#x11ba2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEKE SIGN THAE WEE KLEU|&amp;#x11ba3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEKE SIGN DWAI THAE WEE|&amp;#x11ba4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEKE SIGN CEE CANG
|&amp;#x11ba5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEKE SIGN DWAI THA HPA HTU|&amp;#x11ba6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEKE SIGN TANG PI HPA HTU
|&amp;#x11ba7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEKE SIGN THA SOO|&amp;#x11ba8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEKE SIGN PA YA|&amp;#x11ba9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEKE SIGN PA LA|&amp;#x11baa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEKE SIGN PA WA|&amp;#x11bab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEKE SIGN RAI YA|&amp;#x11bac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEKE SIGN LONG HPU|&amp;#x11bad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEKE SIGN LONG DU
|&amp;#x11bae;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;{{ProvUntargeted}};{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|11BBx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|LEKE DIGIT ZERO|&amp;#x11bb0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEKE DIGIT ONE|&amp;#x11bb1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEKE DIGIT TWO|&amp;#x11bb2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEKE DIGIT THREE|&amp;#x11bb3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEKE DIGIT FOUR|&amp;#x11bb4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEKE DIGIT FIVE|&amp;#x11bb5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEKE DIGIT SIX|&amp;#x11bb6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEKE DIGIT SEVEN|&amp;#x11bb7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEKE DIGIT EIGHT|&amp;#x11bb8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEKE DIGIT NINE|&amp;#x11bb9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEKE END OF SECTION|&amp;#x11bba;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | '''Sunuwar'''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#edc3b4;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|11BCx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|SUNUWAR LETTER DEVI|&amp;#x11bc0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUNUWAR LETTER TASLA|&amp;#x11bc1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUNUWAR LETTER EKO|&amp;#x11bc2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUNUWAR LETTER IMAR|&amp;#x11bc3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUNUWAR LETTER REU|&amp;#x11bc4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUNUWAR LETTER UTTHI|&amp;#x11bc5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUNUWAR LETTER KIK|&amp;#x11bc6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUNUWAR LETTER MA|&amp;#x11bc7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUNUWAR LETTER APPHO|&amp;#x11bc8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUNUWAR LETTER PIP|&amp;#x11bc9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUNUWAR LETTER GIL|&amp;#x11bca;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUNUWAR LETTER HAMSO|&amp;#x11bcb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUNUWAR LETTER CARMI|&amp;#x11bcc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUNUWAR LETTER NAH|&amp;#x11bcd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUNUWAR LETTER BUR|&amp;#x11bce;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUNUWAR LETTER JYAH|&amp;#x11bcf;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#edc3b4;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|11BDx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|SUNUWAR LETTER LOACHA|&amp;#x11bd0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUNUWAR LETTER OTTHI|&amp;#x11bd1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUNUWAR LETTER SHYELE|&amp;#x11bd2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUNUWAR LETTER VARCA|&amp;#x11bd3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUNUWAR LETTER YAT|&amp;#x11bd4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUNUWAR LETTER AVA|&amp;#x11bd5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUNUWAR LETTER AAL|&amp;#x11bd6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUNUWAR LETTER DONGA|&amp;#x11bd7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUNUWAR LETTER THARI|&amp;#x11bd8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUNUWAR LETTER PHAR|&amp;#x11bd9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUNUWAR LETTER NGAR|&amp;#x11bda;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUNUWAR LETTER KHA|&amp;#x11bdb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUNUWAR LETTER SHYER|&amp;#x11bdc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUNUWAR LETTER CHELAP|&amp;#x11bdd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUNUWAR LETTER TENTU|&amp;#x11bde;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUNUWAR LETTER THELE|&amp;#x11bdf;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|11BEx
|style=&quot;background:#edc3b4;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|SUNUWAR LETTER KLOKO|&amp;#x11be0;}}||style=&quot;background:#edc3b4;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|SUNUWAR SIGN PVO|&amp;#x11be1;}}||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#edc3b4;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|11BFx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|SUNUWAR DIGIT ZERO|&amp;#x11bf0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUNUWAR DIGIT ONE|&amp;#x11bf1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUNUWAR DIGIT TWO|&amp;#x11bf2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUNUWAR DIGIT THREE|&amp;#x11bf3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUNUWAR DIGIT FOUR|&amp;#x11bf4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUNUWAR DIGIT FIVE|&amp;#x11bf5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUNUWAR DIGIT SIX|&amp;#x11bf6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUNUWAR DIGIT SEVEN|&amp;#x11bf7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUNUWAR DIGIT EIGHT|&amp;#x11bf8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUNUWAR DIGIT NINE|&amp;#x11bf9;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | '''Bhaiksuki'''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#9c8dff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|11C0x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI LETTER A|&amp;#x11c00;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI LETTER AA|&amp;#x11c01;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI LETTER I|&amp;#x11c02;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI LETTER II|&amp;#x11c03;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI LETTER U|&amp;#x11c04;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI LETTER UU|&amp;#x11c05;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI LETTER VOCALIC R|&amp;#x11c06;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI LETTER VOCALIC RR|&amp;#x11c07;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI LETTER VOCALIC L|&amp;#x11c08;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI LETTER E|&amp;#x11c0a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI LETTER AI|&amp;#x11c0b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI LETTER O|&amp;#x11c0c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI LETTER AU|&amp;#x11c0d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI LETTER KA|&amp;#x11c0e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI LETTER KHA|&amp;#x11c0f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#9c8dff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|11C1x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI LETTER GA|&amp;#x11c10;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI LETTER GHA|&amp;#x11c11;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI LETTER NGA|&amp;#x11c12;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI LETTER CA|&amp;#x11c13;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI LETTER CHA|&amp;#x11c14;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI LETTER JA|&amp;#x11c15;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI LETTER JHA|&amp;#x11c16;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI LETTER NYA|&amp;#x11c17;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI LETTER TTA|&amp;#x11c18;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI LETTER TTHA|&amp;#x11c19;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI LETTER DDA|&amp;#x11c1a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI LETTER DDHA|&amp;#x11c1b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI LETTER NNA|&amp;#x11c1c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI LETTER TA|&amp;#x11c1d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI LETTER THA|&amp;#x11c1e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI LETTER DA|&amp;#x11c1f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#9c8dff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|11C2x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI LETTER DHA|&amp;#x11c20;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI LETTER NA|&amp;#x11c21;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI LETTER PA|&amp;#x11c22;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI LETTER PHA|&amp;#x11c23;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI LETTER BA|&amp;#x11c24;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI LETTER BHA|&amp;#x11c25;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI LETTER MA|&amp;#x11c26;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI LETTER YA|&amp;#x11c27;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI LETTER RA|&amp;#x11c28;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI LETTER LA|&amp;#x11c29;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI LETTER VA|&amp;#x11c2a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI LETTER SHA|&amp;#x11c2b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI LETTER SSA|&amp;#x11c2c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI LETTER SA|&amp;#x11c2d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI LETTER HA|&amp;#x11c2e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI VOWEL SIGN AA|&amp;#x11c2f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#9c8dff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|11C3x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI VOWEL SIGN I|&amp;#x11c30;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI VOWEL SIGN II|&amp;#x11c31;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI VOWEL SIGN U|&amp;#x11c32;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI VOWEL SIGN UU|&amp;#x11c33;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC R|&amp;#x11c34;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC RR|&amp;#x11c35;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC L|&amp;#x11c36;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI VOWEL SIGN E|&amp;#x11c38;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI VOWEL SIGN AI|&amp;#x11c39;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI VOWEL SIGN O|&amp;#x11c3a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI VOWEL SIGN AU|&amp;#x11c3b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI SIGN CANDRABINDU|&amp;#x11c3c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI SIGN ANUSVARA|&amp;#x11c3d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI SIGN VISARGA|&amp;#x11c3e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI SIGN VIRAMA|&amp;#x11c3f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|11C4x
|style=&quot;background:#9c8dff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI SIGN AVAGRAHA|&amp;#x11c40;}}||style=&quot;background:#9c8dff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI DANDA|&amp;#x11c41;}}||style=&quot;background:#9c8dff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI DOUBLE DANDA|&amp;#x11c42;}}||style=&quot;background:#9c8dff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI WORD SEPARATOR|&amp;#x11c43;}}||style=&quot;background:#9c8dff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI GAP FILLER-1|&amp;#x11c44;}}||style=&quot;background:#9c8dff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI GAP FILLER-2|&amp;#x11c45;}}||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#9c8dff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|11C5x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI DIGIT ZERO|&amp;#x11c50;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI DIGIT ONE|&amp;#x11c51;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI DIGIT TWO|&amp;#x11c52;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI DIGIT THREE|&amp;#x11c53;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI DIGIT FOUR|&amp;#x11c54;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI DIGIT FIVE|&amp;#x11c55;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI DIGIT SIX|&amp;#x11c56;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI DIGIT SEVEN|&amp;#x11c57;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI DIGIT EIGHT|&amp;#x11c58;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI DIGIT NINE|&amp;#x11c59;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI NUMBER ONE|&amp;#x11c5a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI NUMBER TWO|&amp;#x11c5b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI NUMBER THREE|&amp;#x11c5c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI NUMBER FOUR|&amp;#x11c5d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI NUMBER FIVE|&amp;#x11c5e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI NUMBER SIX|&amp;#x11c5f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#9c8dff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|11C6x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI NUMBER SEVEN|&amp;#x11c60;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI NUMBER EIGHT|&amp;#x11c61;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI NUMBER NINE|&amp;#x11c62;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI NUMBER TEN|&amp;#x11c63;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI NUMBER TWENTY|&amp;#x11c64;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI NUMBER THIRTY|&amp;#x11c65;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI NUMBER FORTY|&amp;#x11c66;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI NUMBER FIFTY|&amp;#x11c67;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI NUMBER SIXTY|&amp;#x11c68;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI NUMBER SEVENTY|&amp;#x11c69;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI NUMBER EIGHTY|&amp;#x11c6a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI NUMBER NINETY|&amp;#x11c6b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BHAIKSUKI HUNDREDS UNIT MARK|&amp;#x11c6c;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | '''Marchen'''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#9c8dff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|11C7x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|MARCHEN HEAD MARK|&amp;#x11c70;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MARCHEN MARK SHAD|&amp;#x11c71;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MARCHEN LETTER KA|&amp;#x11c72;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MARCHEN LETTER KHA|&amp;#x11c73;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MARCHEN LETTER GA|&amp;#x11c74;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MARCHEN LETTER NGA|&amp;#x11c75;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MARCHEN LETTER CA|&amp;#x11c76;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MARCHEN LETTER CHA|&amp;#x11c77;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MARCHEN LETTER JA|&amp;#x11c78;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MARCHEN LETTER NYA|&amp;#x11c79;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MARCHEN LETTER TA|&amp;#x11c7a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MARCHEN LETTER THA|&amp;#x11c7b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MARCHEN LETTER DA|&amp;#x11c7c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MARCHEN LETTER NA|&amp;#x11c7d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MARCHEN LETTER PA|&amp;#x11c7e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MARCHEN LETTER PHA|&amp;#x11c7f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#9c8dff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|11C8x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|MARCHEN LETTER BA|&amp;#x11c80;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MARCHEN LETTER MA|&amp;#x11c81;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MARCHEN LETTER TSA|&amp;#x11c82;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MARCHEN LETTER TSHA|&amp;#x11c83;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MARCHEN LETTER DZA|&amp;#x11c84;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MARCHEN LETTER WA|&amp;#x11c85;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MARCHEN LETTER ZHA|&amp;#x11c86;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MARCHEN LETTER ZA|&amp;#x11c87;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MARCHEN LETTER -A|&amp;#x11c88;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MARCHEN LETTER YA|&amp;#x11c89;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MARCHEN LETTER RA|&amp;#x11c8a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MARCHEN LETTER LA|&amp;#x11c8b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MARCHEN LETTER SHA|&amp;#x11c8c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MARCHEN LETTER SA|&amp;#x11c8d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MARCHEN LETTER HA|&amp;#x11c8e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MARCHEN LETTER A|&amp;#x11c8f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#9c8dff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|11C9x
|style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|MARCHEN SUBJOINED LETTER KA|&amp;#x11c92;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MARCHEN SUBJOINED LETTER KHA|&amp;#x11c93;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MARCHEN SUBJOINED LETTER GA|&amp;#x11c94;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MARCHEN SUBJOINED LETTER NGA|&amp;#x11c95;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MARCHEN SUBJOINED LETTER CA|&amp;#x11c96;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MARCHEN SUBJOINED LETTER CHA|&amp;#x11c97;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MARCHEN SUBJOINED LETTER JA|&amp;#x11c98;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MARCHEN SUBJOINED LETTER NYA|&amp;#x11c99;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MARCHEN SUBJOINED LETTER TA|&amp;#x11c9a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MARCHEN SUBJOINED LETTER THA|&amp;#x11c9b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MARCHEN SUBJOINED LETTER DA|&amp;#x11c9c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MARCHEN SUBJOINED LETTER NA|&amp;#x11c9d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MARCHEN SUBJOINED LETTER PA|&amp;#x11c9e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MARCHEN SUBJOINED LETTER PHA|&amp;#x11c9f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#9c8dff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|11CAx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|MARCHEN SUBJOINED LETTER BA|&amp;#x11ca0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MARCHEN SUBJOINED LETTER MA|&amp;#x11ca1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MARCHEN SUBJOINED LETTER TSA|&amp;#x11ca2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MARCHEN SUBJOINED LETTER TSHA|&amp;#x11ca3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MARCHEN SUBJOINED LETTER DZA|&amp;#x11ca4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MARCHEN SUBJOINED LETTER WA|&amp;#x11ca5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MARCHEN SUBJOINED LETTER ZHA|&amp;#x11ca6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MARCHEN SUBJOINED LETTER ZA|&amp;#x11ca7;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|MARCHEN SUBJOINED LETTER YA|&amp;#x11ca9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MARCHEN SUBJOINED LETTER RA|&amp;#x11caa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MARCHEN SUBJOINED LETTER LA|&amp;#x11cab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MARCHEN SUBJOINED LETTER SHA|&amp;#x11cac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MARCHEN SUBJOINED LETTER SA|&amp;#x11cad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MARCHEN SUBJOINED LETTER HA|&amp;#x11cae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MARCHEN SUBJOINED LETTER A|&amp;#x11caf;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|11CBx
|style=&quot;background:#9c8dff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|MARCHEN VOWEL SIGN AA|&amp;#x11cb0;}}||style=&quot;background:#9c8dff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|MARCHEN VOWEL SIGN I|&amp;#x11cb1;}}||style=&quot;background:#9c8dff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|MARCHEN VOWEL SIGN U|&amp;#x11cb2;}}||style=&quot;background:#9c8dff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|MARCHEN VOWEL SIGN E|&amp;#x11cb3;}}||style=&quot;background:#9c8dff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|MARCHEN VOWEL SIGN O|&amp;#x11cb4;}}||style=&quot;background:#9c8dff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|MARCHEN SIGN ANUSVARA|&amp;#x11cb5;}}||style=&quot;background:#9c8dff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|MARCHEN SIGN CANDRABINDU|&amp;#x11cb6;}}||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | '''''Balti-B'''''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|11CCx
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|11CDx
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|11CEx
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|11CFx
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | '''Masaram Gondi'''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#b690ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|11D0x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI LETTER A|&amp;#x11d00;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI LETTER AA|&amp;#x11d01;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI LETTER I|&amp;#x11d02;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI LETTER II|&amp;#x11d03;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI LETTER U|&amp;#x11d04;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI LETTER UU|&amp;#x11d05;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI LETTER E|&amp;#x11d06;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI LETTER AI|&amp;#x11d08;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI LETTER O|&amp;#x11d09;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI LETTER AU|&amp;#x11d0b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI LETTER KA|&amp;#x11d0c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI LETTER KHA|&amp;#x11d0d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI LETTER GA|&amp;#x11d0e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI LETTER GHA|&amp;#x11d0f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#b690ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|11D1x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI LETTER NGA|&amp;#x11d10;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI LETTER CA|&amp;#x11d11;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI LETTER CHA|&amp;#x11d12;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI LETTER JA|&amp;#x11d13;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI LETTER JHA|&amp;#x11d14;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI LETTER NYA|&amp;#x11d15;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI LETTER TTA|&amp;#x11d16;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI LETTER TTHA|&amp;#x11d17;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI LETTER DDA|&amp;#x11d18;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI LETTER DDHA|&amp;#x11d19;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI LETTER NNA|&amp;#x11d1a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI LETTER TA|&amp;#x11d1b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI LETTER THA|&amp;#x11d1c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI LETTER DA|&amp;#x11d1d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI LETTER DHA|&amp;#x11d1e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI LETTER NA|&amp;#x11d1f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#b690ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|11D2x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI LETTER PA|&amp;#x11d20;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI LETTER PHA|&amp;#x11d21;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI LETTER BA|&amp;#x11d22;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI LETTER BHA|&amp;#x11d23;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI LETTER MA|&amp;#x11d24;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI LETTER YA|&amp;#x11d25;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI LETTER RA|&amp;#x11d26;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI LETTER LA|&amp;#x11d27;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI LETTER VA|&amp;#x11d28;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI LETTER SHA|&amp;#x11d29;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI LETTER SSA|&amp;#x11d2a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI LETTER SA|&amp;#x11d2b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI LETTER HA|&amp;#x11d2c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI LETTER LLA|&amp;#x11d2d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI LETTER KSSA|&amp;#x11d2e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI LETTER JNYA|&amp;#x11d2f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#b690ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|11D3x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI LETTER TRA|&amp;#x11d30;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI VOWEL SIGN AA|&amp;#x11d31;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI VOWEL SIGN I|&amp;#x11d32;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI VOWEL SIGN II|&amp;#x11d33;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI VOWEL SIGN U|&amp;#x11d34;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI VOWEL SIGN UU|&amp;#x11d35;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC R|&amp;#x11d36;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI VOWEL SIGN E|&amp;#x11d3a;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI VOWEL SIGN AI|&amp;#x11d3c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI VOWEL SIGN O|&amp;#x11d3d;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI VOWEL SIGN AU|&amp;#x11d3f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#b690ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|11D4x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI SIGN ANUSVARA|&amp;#x11d40;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI SIGN VISARGA|&amp;#x11d41;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI SIGN NUKTA|&amp;#x11d42;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI SIGN CANDRA|&amp;#x11d43;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI SIGN HALANTA|&amp;#x11d44;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI VIRAMA|&amp;#x11d45;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI REPHA|&amp;#x11d46;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI RA-KARA|&amp;#x11d47;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#b690ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|11D5x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI DIGIT ZERO|&amp;#x11d50;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI DIGIT ONE|&amp;#x11d51;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI DIGIT TWO|&amp;#x11d52;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI DIGIT THREE|&amp;#x11d53;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI DIGIT FOUR|&amp;#x11d54;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI DIGIT FIVE|&amp;#x11d55;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI DIGIT SIX|&amp;#x11d56;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI DIGIT SEVEN|&amp;#x11d57;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI DIGIT EIGHT|&amp;#x11d58;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MASARAM GONDI DIGIT NINE|&amp;#x11d59;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | '''Gunjala Gondi'''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#d093ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|11D6x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|GUNJALA GONDI LETTER A|&amp;#x11d60;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUNJALA GONDI LETTER AA|&amp;#x11d61;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUNJALA GONDI LETTER I|&amp;#x11d62;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUNJALA GONDI LETTER II|&amp;#x11d63;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUNJALA GONDI LETTER U|&amp;#x11d64;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUNJALA GONDI LETTER UU|&amp;#x11d65;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUNJALA GONDI LETTER EE|&amp;#x11d67;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUNJALA GONDI LETTER AI|&amp;#x11d68;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUNJALA GONDI LETTER OO|&amp;#x11d6a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUNJALA GONDI LETTER AU|&amp;#x11d6b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUNJALA GONDI LETTER YA|&amp;#x11d6c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUNJALA GONDI LETTER VA|&amp;#x11d6d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUNJALA GONDI LETTER BA|&amp;#x11d6e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUNJALA GONDI LETTER BHA|&amp;#x11d6f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#d093ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|11D7x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|GUNJALA GONDI LETTER MA|&amp;#x11d70;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUNJALA GONDI LETTER KA|&amp;#x11d71;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUNJALA GONDI LETTER KHA|&amp;#x11d72;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUNJALA GONDI LETTER TA|&amp;#x11d73;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUNJALA GONDI LETTER THA|&amp;#x11d74;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUNJALA GONDI LETTER LA|&amp;#x11d75;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUNJALA GONDI LETTER GA|&amp;#x11d76;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUNJALA GONDI LETTER GHA|&amp;#x11d77;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUNJALA GONDI LETTER DA|&amp;#x11d78;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUNJALA GONDI LETTER DHA|&amp;#x11d79;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUNJALA GONDI LETTER NA|&amp;#x11d7a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUNJALA GONDI LETTER CA|&amp;#x11d7b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUNJALA GONDI LETTER CHA|&amp;#x11d7c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUNJALA GONDI LETTER TTA|&amp;#x11d7d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUNJALA GONDI LETTER TTHA|&amp;#x11d7e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUNJALA GONDI LETTER LLA|&amp;#x11d7f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#d093ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|11D8x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|GUNJALA GONDI LETTER JA|&amp;#x11d80;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUNJALA GONDI LETTER JHA|&amp;#x11d81;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUNJALA GONDI LETTER DDA|&amp;#x11d82;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUNJALA GONDI LETTER DDHA|&amp;#x11d83;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUNJALA GONDI LETTER NGA|&amp;#x11d84;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUNJALA GONDI LETTER PA|&amp;#x11d85;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUNJALA GONDI LETTER PHA|&amp;#x11d86;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUNJALA GONDI LETTER HA|&amp;#x11d87;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUNJALA GONDI LETTER RA|&amp;#x11d88;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUNJALA GONDI LETTER SA|&amp;#x11d89;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUNJALA GONDI VOWEL SIGN AA|&amp;#x11d8a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUNJALA GONDI VOWEL SIGN I|&amp;#x11d8b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUNJALA GONDI VOWEL SIGN II|&amp;#x11d8c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUNJALA GONDI VOWEL SIGN U|&amp;#x11d8d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUNJALA GONDI VOWEL SIGN UU|&amp;#x11d8e;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#d093ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|11D9x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|GUNJALA GONDI VOWEL SIGN EE|&amp;#x11d90;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUNJALA GONDI VOWEL SIGN AI|&amp;#x11d91;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUNJALA GONDI VOWEL SIGN OO|&amp;#x11d93;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUNJALA GONDI VOWEL SIGN AU|&amp;#x11d94;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUNJALA GONDI SIGN ANUSVARA|&amp;#x11d95;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUNJALA GONDI SIGN VISARGA|&amp;#x11d96;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUNJALA GONDI VIRAMA|&amp;#x11d97;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUNJALA GONDI OM|&amp;#x11d98;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#d093ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|11DAx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|GUNJALA GONDI DIGIT ZERO|&amp;#x11da0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUNJALA GONDI DIGIT ONE|&amp;#x11da1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUNJALA GONDI DIGIT TWO|&amp;#x11da2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUNJALA GONDI DIGIT THREE|&amp;#x11da3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUNJALA GONDI DIGIT FOUR|&amp;#x11da4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUNJALA GONDI DIGIT FIVE|&amp;#x11da5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUNJALA GONDI DIGIT SIX|&amp;#x11da6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUNJALA GONDI DIGIT SEVEN|&amp;#x11da7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUNJALA GONDI DIGIT EIGHT|&amp;#x11da8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUNJALA GONDI DIGIT NINE|&amp;#x11da9;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | '''Tolong Siki'''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|11DBx
|style=&quot;background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|TOLONG SIKI LETTER I|&amp;#x11db0;}}||style=&quot;background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|TOLONG SIKI LETTER E|&amp;#x11db1;}}||style=&quot;background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|TOLONG SIKI LETTER U|&amp;#x11db2;}}||style=&quot;background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|TOLONG SIKI LETTER O|&amp;#x11db3;}}||style=&quot;background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|TOLONG SIKI LETTER A|&amp;#x11db4;}}||style=&quot;background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|TOLONG SIKI LETTER AA|&amp;#x11db5;}}||style=&quot;background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|TOLONG SIKI LETTER P|&amp;#x11db6;}}||style=&quot;background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|TOLONG SIKI LETTER PH|&amp;#x11db7;}}||style=&quot;background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|TOLONG SIKI LETTER B|&amp;#x11db8;}}||style=&quot;background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|TOLONG SIKI LETTER BH|&amp;#x11db9;}}||style=&quot;background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|TOLONG SIKI LETTER M|&amp;#x11dba;}}||style=&quot;background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|TOLONG SIKI LETTER T|&amp;#x11dbb;}}||style=&quot;background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|TOLONG SIKI LETTER TH|&amp;#x11dbc;}}||style=&quot;background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|TOLONG SIKI LETTER D|&amp;#x11dbd;}}||style=&quot;background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|TOLONG SIKI LETTER DH|&amp;#x11dbe;}}||style=&quot;background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|TOLONG SIKI LETTER N|&amp;#x11dbf;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|11DCx
|style=&quot;background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|TOLONG SIKI LETTER TT|&amp;#x11dc0;}}||style=&quot;background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|TOLONG SIKI LETTER TTH|&amp;#x11dc1;}}||style=&quot;background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|TOLONG SIKI LETTER DD|&amp;#x11dc2;}}||style=&quot;background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|TOLONG SIKI LETTER DDH|&amp;#x11dc3;}}||style=&quot;background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|TOLONG SIKI LETTER NN|&amp;#x11dc4;}}||style=&quot;background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|TOLONG SIKI LETTER C|&amp;#x11dc5;}}||style=&quot;background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|TOLONG SIKI LETTER CH|&amp;#x11dc6;}}||style=&quot;background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|TOLONG SIKI LETTER J|&amp;#x11dc7;}}||style=&quot;background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|TOLONG SIKI LETTER JH|&amp;#x11dc8;}}||style=&quot;background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|TOLONG SIKI LETTER NY|&amp;#x11dc9;}}||style=&quot;background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|TOLONG SIKI LETTER K|&amp;#x11dca;}}||style=&quot;background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|TOLONG SIKI LETTER KH|&amp;#x11dcb;}}||style=&quot;background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|TOLONG SIKI LETTER G|&amp;#x11dcc;}}||style=&quot;background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|TOLONG SIKI LETTER GH|&amp;#x11dcd;}}||style=&quot;background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|TOLONG SIKI LETTER NG|&amp;#x11dce;}}||style=&quot;background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|TOLONG SIKI LETTER Y|&amp;#x11dcf;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|11DDx
|style=&quot;background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|TOLONG SIKI LETTER R|&amp;#x11dd0;}}||style=&quot;background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|TOLONG SIKI LETTER L|&amp;#x11dd1;}}||style=&quot;background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|TOLONG SIKI LETTER V|&amp;#x11dd2;}}||style=&quot;background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|TOLONG SIKI LETTER NNY|&amp;#x11dd3;}}||style=&quot;background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|TOLONG SIKI LETTER S|&amp;#x11dd4;}}||style=&quot;background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|TOLONG SIKI LETTER H|&amp;#x11dd5;}}||style=&quot;background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|TOLONG SIKI LETTER X|&amp;#x11dd6;}}||style=&quot;background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|TOLONG SIKI LETTER RR|&amp;#x11dd7;}}||style=&quot;background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|TOLONG SIKI LETTER RRH|&amp;#x11dd8;}}||style=&quot;background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|TOLONG SIKI SIGN SELA|&amp;#x11dd9;}}||style=&quot;background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|TOLONG SIKI SIGN HECAKA|&amp;#x11dda;}}||style=&quot;background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|TOLONG SIKI UNGGA|&amp;#x11ddb;}}||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|11DEx
|style=&quot;background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|TOLONG SIKI DIGIT ZERO|&amp;#x11de0;}}||style=&quot;background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|TOLONG SIKI DIGIT ONE|&amp;#x11de1;}}||style=&quot;background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|TOLONG SIKI DIGIT TWO|&amp;#x11de2;}}||style=&quot;background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|TOLONG SIKI DIGIT THREE|&amp;#x11de3;}}||style=&quot;background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|TOLONG SIKI DIGIT FOUR|&amp;#x11de4;}}||style=&quot;background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|TOLONG SIKI DIGIT FIVE|&amp;#x11de5;}}||style=&quot;background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|TOLONG SIKI DIGIT SIX|&amp;#x11de6;}}||style=&quot;background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|TOLONG SIKI DIGIT SEVEN|&amp;#x11de7;}}||style=&quot;background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|TOLONG SIKI DIGIT EIGHT|&amp;#x11de8;}}||style=&quot;background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|TOLONG SIKI DIGIT NINE|&amp;#x11de9;}}||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | '''Bengali Supplement'''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|11DFx
|style=&quot;background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI SIGN COMBINING ANUSVARA ABOVE|&amp;#x11df0;}}||style=&quot;background:#c8a36f;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI LETTER ALTERNATE BARGIYA BA|&amp;#x11df1;}}||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | '''''Tocharian'''''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|11E0x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|11E1x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|11E2x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|11E3x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|11E4x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|11E5x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|11E6x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | '''''Khotanese'''''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|11E7x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|11E8x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|11E9x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|11EAx
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|11EBx
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|11ECx
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | ''Unassigned''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|11EDx
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | '''Makasar'''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#d093ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|11EEx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|MAKASAR LETTER KA|&amp;#x11ee0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAKASAR LETTER GA|&amp;#x11ee1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAKASAR LETTER NGA|&amp;#x11ee2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAKASAR LETTER PA|&amp;#x11ee3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAKASAR LETTER BA|&amp;#x11ee4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAKASAR LETTER MA|&amp;#x11ee5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAKASAR LETTER TA|&amp;#x11ee6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAKASAR LETTER DA|&amp;#x11ee7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAKASAR LETTER NA|&amp;#x11ee8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAKASAR LETTER CA|&amp;#x11ee9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAKASAR LETTER JA|&amp;#x11eea;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAKASAR LETTER NYA|&amp;#x11eeb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAKASAR LETTER YA|&amp;#x11eec;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAKASAR LETTER RA|&amp;#x11eed;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAKASAR LETTER LA|&amp;#x11eee;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAKASAR LETTER VA|&amp;#x11eef;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#d093ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|11EFx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|MAKASAR LETTER SA|&amp;#x11ef0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAKASAR LETTER A|&amp;#x11ef1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAKASAR ANGKA|&amp;#x11ef2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAKASAR VOWEL SIGN I|&amp;#x11ef3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAKASAR VOWEL SIGN U|&amp;#x11ef4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAKASAR VOWEL SIGN E|&amp;#x11ef5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAKASAR VOWEL SIGN O|&amp;#x11ef6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAKASAR PASSIMBANG|&amp;#x11ef7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAKASAR END OF SECTION|&amp;#x11ef8;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | '''Kawi'''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#ffc0c0;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|11F0x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI SIGN CANDRABINDU|&amp;#x11f00;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI SIGN ANUSVARA|&amp;#x11f01;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI SIGN REPHA|&amp;#x11f02;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI SIGN VISARGA|&amp;#x11f03;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI LETTER A|&amp;#x11f04;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI LETTER AA|&amp;#x11f05;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI LETTER I|&amp;#x11f06;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI LETTER II|&amp;#x11f07;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI LETTER U|&amp;#x11f08;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI LETTER UU|&amp;#x11f09;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI LETTER VOCALIC R|&amp;#x11f0a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI LETTER VOCALIC RR|&amp;#x11f0b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI LETTER VOCALIC L|&amp;#x11f0c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI LETTER VOCALIC LL|&amp;#x11f0c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI LETTER E|&amp;#x11f0e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI LETTER AI|&amp;#x11f0f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#ffc0c0;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|11F1x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI LETTER O|&amp;#x11f10;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI LETTER KA|&amp;#x11f12;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI LETTER KHA|&amp;#x11f13;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI LETTER GA|&amp;#x11f14;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI LETTER GHA|&amp;#x11f15;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI LETTER NGA|&amp;#x11f16;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI LETTER CA|&amp;#x11f17;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI LETTER CA|&amp;#x11f18;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI LETTER JA|&amp;#x11f19;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI LETTER JHA|&amp;#x11f1a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI LETTER NYA|&amp;#x11f1b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI LETTER TTA|&amp;#x11f1c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI LETTER TTHA|&amp;#x11f1d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI LETTER DDA|&amp;#x11f1e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI LETTER DDHA|&amp;#x11f1f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#ffc0c0;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|11F2x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI LETTER NNA|&amp;#x11f20;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI LETTER TA|&amp;#x11f21;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI LETTER THA|&amp;#x11f22;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI LETTER DA|&amp;#x11f23;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI LETTER DHA|&amp;#x11f24;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI LETTER NA|&amp;#x11f25;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI LETTER PA|&amp;#x11f26;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI LETTER PHA|&amp;#x11f27;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI LETTER BA|&amp;#x11f28;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI LETTER BHA|&amp;#x11f29;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI LETTER MA|&amp;#x11f2a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI LETTER YA|&amp;#x11f2b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI LETTER RA|&amp;#x11f2c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI LETTER LA|&amp;#x11f2d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI LETTER WA|&amp;#x11f2e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI LETTER SHA|&amp;#x11f2f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#ffc0c0;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|11F3x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI LETTER SSA|&amp;#x11f30;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI LETTER SA|&amp;#x11f31;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI LETTER HA|&amp;#x11f32;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI LETTER JNYA|&amp;#x11f33;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI VOWEL SIGN AA|&amp;#x11f34;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI VOWEL SIGN ALTERNATE AA|&amp;#x11f35;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI VOWEL SIGN I|&amp;#x11f36;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI VOWEL SIGN II|&amp;#x11f37;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI VOWEL SIGN U|&amp;#x11f38;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI VOWEL SIGN UU|&amp;#x11f39;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC R|&amp;#x11f34;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI VOWEL SIGN E|&amp;#x11f3e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI VOWEL SIGN AI|&amp;#x11f3f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#ffc0c0;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|11F4x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI VOWEL SIGN EU|&amp;#x11f40;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI SIGN KILLER|&amp;#x11f41;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI CONJOINER|&amp;#x11f42;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI DANDA|&amp;#x11f43;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI DOUBLE DANDA|&amp;#x11f44;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI PUNCTUATION SECTION MARKER|&amp;#x11f45;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI PUNCTUATION ALTERNATE SECTION MARKER|&amp;#x11f46;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI PUNCTUATION FLOWER|&amp;#x11f47;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI PUNCTUATION SPACE FILLER|&amp;#x11f48;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI PUNCTUATION DOT|&amp;#x11f49;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI PUNCTUATION DOUBLE DOT|&amp;#x11f4a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI PUNCTUATION TRIPLE DOT|&amp;#x11f4b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI PUNCTUATION CIRCLE|&amp;#x11f4c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI PUNCTUATION FILLED CIRCLE|&amp;#x11f4d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI PUNCTUATION SPIRAL|&amp;#x11f4e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI PUNCTUATION CLOSING SPIRAL|&amp;#x11f4f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#ffc0c0;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|11F5x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI DIGIT ZERO|&amp;#x11f50;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI DIGIT ONE|&amp;#x11f51;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI DIGIT TWO|&amp;#x11f52;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI DIGIT THREE|&amp;#x11f53;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI DIGIT FOUR|&amp;#x11f54;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI DIGIT FIVE|&amp;#x11f55;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI DIGIT SIX|&amp;#x11f56;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI DIGIT SEVEN|&amp;#x11f57;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI DIGIT EIGHT|&amp;#x11f58;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI DIGIT NINE|&amp;#x11f59;}}||style=&quot;background:#edc3b4;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|KAWI SIGN NUKTA|&amp;#x11f5a;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | '''''Pallava'''''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|11F6x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|11F7x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|11F8x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|11F9x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|11FAx
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | '''Lisu Supplement'''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|11FBx
|style=&quot;background:#ffb0ff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|LISU LETTER YHA|&amp;#x11fb0;}}||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | '''Tamil Supplement'''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#e896ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|11FCx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL FRACTION ONE THREE-HUNDRED-AND-TWENTIETH|&amp;#x11fc0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL FRACTION ONE ONE-HUNDRED-AND-SIXTIETH|&amp;#x11fc1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL FRACTION ONE EIGHTIETH|&amp;#x11fc2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL FRACTION ONE SIXTY-FOURTH|&amp;#x11fc3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL FRACTION ONE FORTIETH|&amp;#x11fc4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL FRACTION ONE THIRTY-SECOND|&amp;#x11fc5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL FRACTION THREE EIGHTIETHS|&amp;#x11fc6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL FRACTION THREE SIXTY-FOURTHS|&amp;#x11fc7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL FRACTION ONE TWENTIETH|&amp;#x11fc8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL FRACTION ONE SIXTEENTH-1|&amp;#x11fc9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL FRACTION ONE SIXTEENTH-2|&amp;#x11fca;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL FRACTION ONE TENTH|&amp;#x11fcb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL FRACTION ONE EIGHTH|&amp;#x11fcc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL FRACTION THREE TWENTIETHS|&amp;#x11fcd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL FRACTION THREE SIXTEENTHS|&amp;#x11fce;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL FRACTION ONE FIFTH|&amp;#x11fcf;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#e896ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|11FDx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL FRACTION ONE QUARTER|&amp;#x11fd0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL FRACTION ONE HALF-1|&amp;#x11fd1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL FRACTION ONE HALF-2|&amp;#x11fd2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL FRACTION THREE QUARTERS|&amp;#x11fd3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL FRACTION DOWNSCALING FACTOR KIIZH|&amp;#x11fd4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL SIGN NEL|&amp;#x11fd5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL SIGN CEVITU|&amp;#x11fd6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL SIGN AAZHAAKKU|&amp;#x11fd7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL SIGN UZHAKKU|&amp;#x11fd8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL SIGN MUUVUZHAKKU|&amp;#x11fd9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL SIGN KURUNI|&amp;#x11fda;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL SIGN PATHAKKU|&amp;#x11fdb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL SIGN MUKKURUNI|&amp;#x11fdc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL SIGN KAACU|&amp;#x11fdd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL SIGN PANAM|&amp;#x11fde;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL SIGN PON|&amp;#x11fdf;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#e896ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|11FEx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL SIGN VARAAKAN|&amp;#x11fe0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL SIGN PAARAM|&amp;#x11fe1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL SIGN KUZHI|&amp;#x11fe2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL SIGN VELI|&amp;#x11fe3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL WET CULTIVATION SIGN|&amp;#x11fe4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL DRY CULTIVATION SIGN|&amp;#x11fe5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL LAND SIGN|&amp;#x11fe6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL SALT PAN SIGN|&amp;#x11fe7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL TRADITIONAL CREDIT SIGN|&amp;#x11fe8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL TRADITIONAL NUMBER SIGN|&amp;#x11fe9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL CURRENT SIGN|&amp;#x11fea;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL AND ODD SIGN|&amp;#x11feb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL SPENT SIGN|&amp;#x11fec;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL TOTAL SIGN|&amp;#x11fed;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL IN POSSESSION SIGN|&amp;#x11fee;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL STARTING FROM SIGN|&amp;#x11fef;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|11FFx
|style=&quot;background:#e896ff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL SIGN MUTHALIYA|&amp;#x11ff0;}}||style=&quot;background:#e896ff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL SIGN VAKAIYARAA|&amp;#x11ff1;}}||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#e896ff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL PUNCTUATION END OF TEXT|&amp;#x11fff;}}
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|}</text>
      <sha1>lojhogyxbisjzw7k3tf06pa3342sgbw</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Unicode/Character reference/16000-16FFF</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>243376</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4680380</id>
      <parentid>4680260</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T12:30:19Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ILYA125467</username>
        <id>3627024</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Readded Mwangwego.</comment>
      <origin>4680380</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="149305" sha1="imcl347ejkoquf8aj4kpwvvklrxsdef" xml:space="preserve">{{:Unicode/Character reference}}

{|border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;2&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; style=&quot;border-collapse:collapse;&quot;
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | '''''Wei Rma'''''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;width:4%&quot;|U+!!style=&quot;width:6%&quot;|0!!style=&quot;width:6%&quot;|1!!style=&quot;width:6%&quot;|2!!style=&quot;width:6%&quot;|3!!style=&quot;width:6%&quot;|4!!style=&quot;width:6%&quot;|5!!style=&quot;width:6%&quot;|6!!style=&quot;width:6%&quot;|7!!style=&quot;width:6%&quot;|8!!style=&quot;width:6%&quot;|9!!style=&quot;width:6%&quot;|A!!style=&quot;width:6%&quot;|B!!style=&quot;width:6%&quot;|C!!style=&quot;width:6%&quot;|D!!style=&quot;width:6%&quot;|E!!style=&quot;width:6%&quot;|F
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1600x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1601x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1602x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1603x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1604x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | '''''Wagindara'''''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1605x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1606x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1607x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | ''Unassigned''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1608x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1609x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|160Ax
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|160Bx
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|160Cx
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|160Dx
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|160Ex
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|160Fx
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | '''Gurung Khema'''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#edc3b4;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1610x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|GURUNG KHEMA LETTER A|&amp;#x16100;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURUNG KHEMA LETTER KA|&amp;#x16101;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURUNG KHEMA LETTER KHA|&amp;#x16102;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURUNG KHEMA LETTER GA|&amp;#x16103;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURUNG KHEMA LETTER GHA|&amp;#x16104;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURUNG KHEMA LETTER NGA|&amp;#x16105;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURUNG KHEMA LETTER CA|&amp;#x16106;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURUNG KHEMA LETTER CHA|&amp;#x16107;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURUNG KHEMA LETTER JA|&amp;#x16108;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURUNG KHEMA LETTER JHA|&amp;#x16109;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURUNG KHEMA LETTER HA|&amp;#x1610a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURUNG KHEMA LETTER TTA|&amp;#x1610b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURUNG KHEMA LETTER TTHA|&amp;#x1610c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURUNG KHEMA LETTER DDA|&amp;#x1610d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURUNG KHEMA LETTER DDHA|&amp;#x1610e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURUNG KHEMA LETTER VA|&amp;#x1610f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#edc3b4;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1611x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|GURUNG KHEMA LETTER TA|&amp;#x16110;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURUNG KHEMA LETTER THA|&amp;#x16111;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURUNG KHEMA LETTER DA|&amp;#x16112;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURUNG KHEMA LETTER DHA|&amp;#x16113;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURUNG KHEMA LETTER NA|&amp;#x16114;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURUNG KHEMA LETTER PA|&amp;#x16115;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURUNG KHEMA LETTER PHA|&amp;#x16116;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURUNG KHEMA LETTER BA|&amp;#x16117;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURUNG KHEMA LETTER BHA|&amp;#x16118;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURUNG KHEMA LETTER MA|&amp;#x16119;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURUNG KHEMA LETTER YA|&amp;#x1611a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURUNG KHEMA LETTER RA|&amp;#x1611b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURUNG KHEMA LETTER LA|&amp;#x1611c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURUNG KHEMA LETTER SA|&amp;#x1611d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURUNG KHEMA VOWEL SIGN AA|&amp;#x1611e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURUNG KHEMA VOWEL SIGN I|&amp;#x1611f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#edc3b4;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1612x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|GURUNG KHEMA VOWEL SIGN II|&amp;#x16120;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURUNG KHEMA VOWEL SIGN U|&amp;#x16121;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURUNG KHEMA VOWEL SIGN UU|&amp;#x16122;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURUNG KHEMA VOWEL SIGN E|&amp;#x16123;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURUNG KHEMA VOWEL SIGN EE|&amp;#x16124;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURUNG KHEMA VOWEL SIGN AI|&amp;#x16125;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURUNG KHEMA VOWEL SIGN O|&amp;#x16126;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURUNG KHEMA VOWEL SIGN OO|&amp;#x16127;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURUNG KHEMA VOWEL SIGN AU|&amp;#x16128;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURUNG KHEMA VOWEL LENGTH MARK|&amp;#x16129;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURUNG KHEMA CONSONANT SIGN MEDIAL YA|&amp;#x1612a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURUNG KHEMA CONSONANT SIGN MEDIAL VA|&amp;#x1612b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURUNG KHEMA CONSONANT SIGN MEDIAL HA|&amp;#x1612c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURUNG KHEMA SIGN ANUSVARA|&amp;#x1612d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURUNG KHEMA CONSONANT SIGN MEDIAL RA|&amp;#x1612e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURUNG KHEMA SIGN THOLHOMA|&amp;#x1612f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#edc3b4;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1613x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|GURUNG KHEMA DIGIT ZERO|&amp;#x16130;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURUNG KHEMA DIGIT ONE|&amp;#x16131;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURUNG KHEMA DIGIT TWO|&amp;#x16132;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURUNG KHEMA DIGIT THREE|&amp;#x16133;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURUNG KHEMA DIGIT FOUR|&amp;#x16134;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURUNG KHEMA DIGIT FIVE|&amp;#x16135;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURUNG KHEMA DIGIT SIX|&amp;#x16136;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURUNG KHEMA DIGIT SEVEN|&amp;#x16137;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURUNG KHEMA DIGIT EIGHT|&amp;#x16138;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURUNG KHEMA DIGIT NINE|&amp;#x16139;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | '''''Kurukh Banna'''''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1614x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1615x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1616x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1617x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1618x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | ''Unassigned''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1619x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | '''''Moon'''''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|161Ax
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|161Bx
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|161Cx
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|161Dx
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|161Ex
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|161Fx
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | '''''Blissymbols'''''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1620x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1621x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1622x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1623x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1624x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1625x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1626x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1627x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1628x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1629x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|162Ax
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|162Bx
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|162Cx
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|162Dx
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|162Ex
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|162Fx
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1630x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1631x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1632x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1633x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1634x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1635x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1636x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1637x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1638x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1639x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|163Ax
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|163Bx
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|163Cx
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|163Dx
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|163Ex
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|163Fx
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1640x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1641x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1642x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1643x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1644x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1645x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1646x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1647x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1648x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1649x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|164Ax
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|164Bx
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|164Cx
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|164Dx
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|164Ex
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|164Fx
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1650x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1651x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1652x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1653x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1654x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1655x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1656x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1657x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1658x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1659x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|165Ax
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|165Bx
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|165Cx
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|165Dx
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|165Ex
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|165Fx
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1660x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1661x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1662x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1663x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1664x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1665x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1666x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1667x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1668x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1669x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|166Ax
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|166Bx
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|166Cx
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|166Dx
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|166Ex
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|166Fx
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1670x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1671x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1672x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1673x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1674x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1675x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1676x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1677x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1678x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1679x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|167Ax
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|167Bx
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|167Cx
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|167Dx
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|167Ex
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|167Fx
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | '''Bamum Supplement'''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#7bffe8;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1680x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A NGKUE MFON|&amp;#x16800;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A GBIEE FON|&amp;#x16801;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A PON MFON PIPAEMGBIEE|&amp;#x16802;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A PON MFON PIPAEMBA|&amp;#x16803;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A NAA MFON|&amp;#x16804;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A SHUENSHUET|&amp;#x16805;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A TITA MFON|&amp;#x16806;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A NZA MFON|&amp;#x16807;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A SHINDA PA NJI|&amp;#x16808;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A PON PA NJI PIPAEMGBIEE|&amp;#x16809;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A PON PA NJI PIPAEMBA|&amp;#x1680a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A MAEMBGBIEE|&amp;#x1680b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A TU MAEMBA|&amp;#x1680c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A NGANGU|&amp;#x1680d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A MAEMVEUX|&amp;#x1680e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A MANSUAE|&amp;#x1680f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#7bffe8;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1681x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A MVEUAENGAM|&amp;#x16810;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A SEUNYAM|&amp;#x16811;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A NTOQPEN|&amp;#x16812;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A KEUKEUTNDA|&amp;#x16813;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A NKINDI|&amp;#x16814;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A SUU|&amp;#x16815;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A NGKUENZEUM|&amp;#x16816;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A LAPAQ|&amp;#x16817;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A LET KUT|&amp;#x16818;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A NTAP MFAA|&amp;#x16819;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A MAEKEUP|&amp;#x1681a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A PASHAE|&amp;#x1681b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A GHEUAERAE|&amp;#x1681c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A PAMSHAE|&amp;#x1681d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A MON NGGEUAET|&amp;#x1681e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A NZUN MEUT|&amp;#x1681f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#7bffe8;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1682x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A U YUQ NAE|&amp;#x16820;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A GHEUAEGHEUAE|&amp;#x16821;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A NTAP NTAA|&amp;#x16822;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A SISA|&amp;#x16823;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A MGBASA|&amp;#x16824;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A MEUNJOMNDEUQ|&amp;#x16825;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A MOOMPUQ|&amp;#x16826;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A KAFA|&amp;#x16827;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A PA LEERAEWA|&amp;#x16828;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A NDA LEERAEWA|&amp;#x16829;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A PET|&amp;#x1682a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A MAEMKPEN|&amp;#x1682b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A NIKA|&amp;#x1682c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A PUP|&amp;#x1682d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A TUAEP|&amp;#x1682e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A LUAEP|&amp;#x1682f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#7bffe8;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1683x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A SONJAM|&amp;#x16830;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A TEUTEUWEN|&amp;#x16831;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A MAENYI|&amp;#x16832;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A KET|&amp;#x16833;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A NDAANGGEUAET|&amp;#x16834;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A KUOQ|&amp;#x16835;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A MOOMEUT|&amp;#x16836;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A SHUM|&amp;#x16837;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A LOMMAE|&amp;#x16838;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A FIRI|&amp;#x16839;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A ROM|&amp;#x1683a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A KPOQ|&amp;#x1683b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A SOQ|&amp;#x1683c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A MAP PIEET|&amp;#x1683d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A SHIRAE|&amp;#x1683e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A NTAP|&amp;#x1683f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#7bffe8;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1684x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A SHOQ NSHUT YUM|&amp;#x16840;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A NYIT MONGKEUAEQ|&amp;#x16841;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A PAARAE|&amp;#x16842;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A NKAARAE|&amp;#x16843;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A UNKNOWN|&amp;#x16844;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A NGGEN|&amp;#x16845;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A MAESI|&amp;#x16846;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A NJAM|&amp;#x16847;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A MBANYI|&amp;#x16848;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A NYET|&amp;#x16849;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A TEUAEN|&amp;#x1684a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A SOT|&amp;#x1684b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A PAAM|&amp;#x1684c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A NSHIEE|&amp;#x1684d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A MAEM|&amp;#x1684e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A NYI|&amp;#x1684f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#7bffe8;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1685x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A KAQ|&amp;#x16850;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A NSHA|&amp;#x16851;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A VEE|&amp;#x16852;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A LU|&amp;#x16853;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A NEN|&amp;#x16854;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A NAQ|&amp;#x16855;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A MBAQ|&amp;#x16856;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-B NSHUET|&amp;#x16857;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-B TU MAEMGBIEE|&amp;#x16858;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-B SIEE|&amp;#x16859;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-B SET TU|&amp;#x1685a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-B LOM NTEUM|&amp;#x1685b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-B MBA MAELEE|&amp;#x1685c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-B KIEEM|&amp;#x1685d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-B YEURAE|&amp;#x1685e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-B MBAARAE|&amp;#x1685f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#7bffe8;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1686x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-B KAM|&amp;#x16860;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-B PEESHI|&amp;#x16861;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-B YAFU LEERAEWA|&amp;#x16862;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-B LAM NSHUT NYAM|&amp;#x16863;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-B NTIEE SHEUOQ|&amp;#x16864;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-B NDU NJAA|&amp;#x16865;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-B GHEUGHEUAEM|&amp;#x16866;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-B PIT|&amp;#x16867;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-B TU NSIEE|&amp;#x16868;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-B SHET NJAQ|&amp;#x16869;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-B SHEUAEQTU|&amp;#x1686a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-B MFON TEUAEQ|&amp;#x1686b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-B MBIT MBAAKET|&amp;#x1686c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-B NYI NTEUM|&amp;#x1686d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-B KEUPUQ|&amp;#x1686e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-B GHEUGHEN|&amp;#x1686f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#7bffe8;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1687x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-B KEUYEUX|&amp;#x16870;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-B LAANAE|&amp;#x16871;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-B PARUM|&amp;#x16872;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-B VEUM|&amp;#x16873;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-B NGKINDI MVOP|&amp;#x16874;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-B NGGEU MBU|&amp;#x16875;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-B WUAET|&amp;#x16876;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-B SAKEUAE|&amp;#x16877;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-B TAAM|&amp;#x16878;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-B MEUQ|&amp;#x16879;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-B NGGUOQ|&amp;#x1687a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-B NGGUOQ LARGE|&amp;#x1687b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-B MFIYAQ|&amp;#x1687c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-B SUE|&amp;#x1687d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-B MBEURI|&amp;#x1687e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-B MONTIEEN|&amp;#x1687f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#7bffe8;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1688x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-B NYAEMAE|&amp;#x16880;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-B PUNGAAM|&amp;#x16881;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-B MEUT NGGEET|&amp;#x16882;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-B FEUX|&amp;#x16883;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-B MBUOQ|&amp;#x16884;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-B FEE|&amp;#x16885;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-B KEUAEM|&amp;#x16886;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-B MA NJEUAENA|&amp;#x16887;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-B MA NJUQA|&amp;#x16888;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-B LET|&amp;#x16889;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-B NGGAAM|&amp;#x1688a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-B NSEN|&amp;#x1688b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-B MA|&amp;#x1688c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-B KIQ|&amp;#x1688d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-B NGOM|&amp;#x1688e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C NGKUE MAEMBA|&amp;#x1688f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#7bffe8;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1689x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C NZA|&amp;#x16890;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C YUM|&amp;#x16891;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C WANGKUOQ|&amp;#x16892;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C NGGEN|&amp;#x16893;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C NDEUAEREE|&amp;#x16894;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C NGKAQ|&amp;#x16895;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C GHARAE|&amp;#x16896;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C MBEEKEET|&amp;#x16897;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C GBAYI|&amp;#x16898;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C NYIR MKPARAQ MEUN|&amp;#x16899;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C NTU MBIT|&amp;#x1689a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C MBEUM|&amp;#x1689b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C PIRIEEN|&amp;#x1689c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C NDOMBU|&amp;#x1689d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C MBAA CABBAGE-TREE|&amp;#x1689e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C KEUSHEUAEP|&amp;#x1689f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#7bffe8;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|168Ax
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C GHAP|&amp;#x168a0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C KEUKAQ|&amp;#x168a1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C YU MUOMAE|&amp;#x168a2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C NZEUM|&amp;#x168a3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C MBUE|&amp;#x168a4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C NSEUAEN|&amp;#x168a5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C MBIT|&amp;#x168a6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C YEUQ|&amp;#x168a7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C KPARAQ|&amp;#x168a8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C KAA|&amp;#x168a9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C SEUX|&amp;#x168aa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C NDIDA|&amp;#x168ab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C TAASHAE|&amp;#x168ac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C NJUEQ|&amp;#x168ad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C TITA YUE|&amp;#x168ae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C SUAET|&amp;#x168af;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#7bffe8;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|168Bx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C NGGUAEN NYAM|&amp;#x168b0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C VEUX|&amp;#x168b1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C NANSANAQ|&amp;#x168b2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C MA KEUAERI|&amp;#x168b3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C NTAA|&amp;#x168b4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C NGGUON|&amp;#x168b5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C LAP|&amp;#x168b6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C MBIRIEEN|&amp;#x168b7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C MGBASAQ|&amp;#x168b8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C NTEUNGBA|&amp;#x168b9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C TEUTEUX|&amp;#x168ba;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C NGGUM|&amp;#x168bb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C FUE|&amp;#x168bc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C NDEUT|&amp;#x168bd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C NSA|&amp;#x168be;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C NSHAQ|&amp;#x168bf;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#7bffe8;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|168Cx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C BUNG|&amp;#x168c0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C VEUAEPEN|&amp;#x168c1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C MBERAE|&amp;#x168c2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C RU|&amp;#x168c3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C NJAEM|&amp;#x168c4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C LAM|&amp;#x168c5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C TITUAEP|&amp;#x168c6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C NSUOT NGOM|&amp;#x168c7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C NJEEEE|&amp;#x168c8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C KET|&amp;#x168c9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C NGGU|&amp;#x168ca;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C MAESI|&amp;#x168cb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C MBUAEM|&amp;#x168cc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C LU|&amp;#x168cd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C KUT|&amp;#x168ce;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C NJAM|&amp;#x168cf;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#7bffe8;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|168Dx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C NGOM|&amp;#x168d0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C WUP|&amp;#x168d1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C NGGUEET|&amp;#x168d2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C NSOM|&amp;#x168d3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C NTEN|&amp;#x168d4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C KUOP NKAARAE|&amp;#x168d5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C NSUN|&amp;#x168d6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C NDAM|&amp;#x168d7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C MA NSIEE|&amp;#x168d8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C YAA|&amp;#x168d9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C NDAP|&amp;#x168da;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C SHUEQ|&amp;#x168db;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C SETFON|&amp;#x168dc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C MBI|&amp;#x168dd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C MAEMBA|&amp;#x168de;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C MBANYI|&amp;#x168df;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#7bffe8;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|168Ex
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C KEUSEUX|&amp;#x168e0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C MBEUX|&amp;#x168e1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C KEUM|&amp;#x168e2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C MBAA PICKET|&amp;#x168e3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C YUWOQ|&amp;#x168e4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C NJEUX|&amp;#x168e5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C MIEE|&amp;#x168e6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C MUAE|&amp;#x168e7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C SHIQ|&amp;#x168e8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C KEN LAW|&amp;#x168e9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C KEN FATIGUE|&amp;#x168ea;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C NGAQ|&amp;#x168eb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C NAQ|&amp;#x168ec;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C LIQ|&amp;#x168ed;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C PIN|&amp;#x168ee;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C PEN|&amp;#x168ef;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#7bffe8;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|168Fx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C TET|&amp;#x168f0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D MBUO|&amp;#x168f1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D WAP|&amp;#x168f2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D NJI|&amp;#x168f3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D MFON|&amp;#x168f4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D NJIEE|&amp;#x168f5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D LIEE|&amp;#x168f6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D NJEUT|&amp;#x168f7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D NSHEE|&amp;#x168f8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D NGGAAMAE|&amp;#x168f9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D NYAM|&amp;#x168fa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D WUAEN|&amp;#x168fb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D NGKUN|&amp;#x168fc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D SHEE|&amp;#x168fd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D NGKAP|&amp;#x168fe;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D KEUAETMEUN|&amp;#x168ff;}}
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#7bffe8;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1690x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D TEUT|&amp;#x16900;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D SHEUAE|&amp;#x16901;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D NJAP|&amp;#x16902;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D SUE|&amp;#x16903;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D KET|&amp;#x16904;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D YAEMMAE|&amp;#x16905;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D KUOM|&amp;#x16906;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D SAP|&amp;#x16907;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D MFEUT|&amp;#x16908;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D NDEUX|&amp;#x16909;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D MALEERI|&amp;#x1690a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D MEUT|&amp;#x1690b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D SEUAEQ|&amp;#x1690c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D YEN|&amp;#x1690d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D NJEUAEM|&amp;#x1690e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D KEUOT MBUAE|&amp;#x1690f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#7bffe8;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1691x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D NGKEURI|&amp;#x16910;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D TU|&amp;#x16911;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D GHAA|&amp;#x16912;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D NGKYEE|&amp;#x16913;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D FEUFEUAET|&amp;#x16914;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D NDEE|&amp;#x16915;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D MGBOFUM|&amp;#x16916;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D LEUAEP|&amp;#x16917;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D NDON|&amp;#x16918;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D MONI|&amp;#x16919;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D MGBEUN|&amp;#x1691a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D PUUT|&amp;#x1691b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D MGBIEE|&amp;#x1691c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D MFO|&amp;#x1691d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D LUM|&amp;#x1691e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D NSIEEP|&amp;#x1691f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#7bffe8;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1692x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D MBAA|&amp;#x16920;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D KWAET|&amp;#x16921;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D NYET|&amp;#x16922;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D TEUAEN|&amp;#x16923;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D SOT|&amp;#x16924;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D YUWOQ|&amp;#x16925;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D KEUM|&amp;#x16926;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D RAEM|&amp;#x16927;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D TEEEE|&amp;#x16928;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D NGKEUAEQ|&amp;#x16929;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D MFEUAE|&amp;#x1692a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D NSIEET|&amp;#x1692b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D KEUP|&amp;#x1692c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D PIP|&amp;#x1692d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D PEUTAE|&amp;#x1692e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D NYUE|&amp;#x1692f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#7bffe8;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1693x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D LET|&amp;#x16930;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D NGGAAM|&amp;#x16931;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D MFIEE|&amp;#x16932;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D NGGWAEN|&amp;#x16933;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D YUOM|&amp;#x16934;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D PAP|&amp;#x16935;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D YUOP|&amp;#x16936;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D NDAM|&amp;#x16937;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D NTEUM|&amp;#x16938;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D SUAE|&amp;#x16939;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D KUN|&amp;#x1693a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D NGGEUX|&amp;#x1693b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D NGKIEE|&amp;#x1693c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D TUOT|&amp;#x1693d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D MEUN|&amp;#x1693e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D KUQ|&amp;#x1693f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#7bffe8;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1694x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D NSUM|&amp;#x16940;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D TEUN|&amp;#x16941;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D MAENJET|&amp;#x16942;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D NGGAP|&amp;#x16943;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D LEUM|&amp;#x16944;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D NGGUOM|&amp;#x16945;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D NSHUT|&amp;#x16946;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D NJUEQ|&amp;#x16947;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D GHEUAE|&amp;#x16948;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D KU|&amp;#x16949;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D REN OLD|&amp;#x1694a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D TAE|&amp;#x1694b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D TOQ|&amp;#x1694c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D NYI|&amp;#x1694d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D RII|&amp;#x1694e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D LEEEE|&amp;#x1694f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#7bffe8;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1695x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D MEEEE|&amp;#x16950;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D M|&amp;#x16951;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D SUU|&amp;#x16952;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D MU|&amp;#x16953;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D SHII|&amp;#x16954;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D SHEUX|&amp;#x16955;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D KYEE|&amp;#x16956;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D NU|&amp;#x16957;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D SHU|&amp;#x16958;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D NTEE|&amp;#x16959;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D PEE|&amp;#x1695a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D NI|&amp;#x1695b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D SHOQ|&amp;#x1695c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D PUQ|&amp;#x1695d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D MVOP|&amp;#x1695e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D LOQ|&amp;#x1695f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#7bffe8;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1696x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D REN MUCH|&amp;#x16960;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D TI|&amp;#x16961;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D NTUU|&amp;#x16962;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D MBAA SEVEN|&amp;#x16963;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D SAQ|&amp;#x16964;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D FAA|&amp;#x16965;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E NDAP|&amp;#x16966;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E TOON|&amp;#x16967;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E MBEUM|&amp;#x16968;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E LAP|&amp;#x16969;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E VOM|&amp;#x1696a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E LOON|&amp;#x1696b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E PAA|&amp;#x1696c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E SOM|&amp;#x1696d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E RAQ|&amp;#x1696e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E NSHUOP|&amp;#x1696f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#7bffe8;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1697x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E NDUN|&amp;#x16970;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E PUAE|&amp;#x16971;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E TAM|&amp;#x16972;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E NGKA|&amp;#x16973;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E KPEUX|&amp;#x16974;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E WUO|&amp;#x16975;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E SEE|&amp;#x16976;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E NGGEUAET|&amp;#x16977;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E PAAM|&amp;#x16978;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E TOO|&amp;#x16979;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E KUOP|&amp;#x1697a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E LOM|&amp;#x1697b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E NSHIEE|&amp;#x1697c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E NGOP|&amp;#x1697d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E MAEM|&amp;#x1697e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E NGKEUX|&amp;#x1697f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#7bffe8;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1698x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E NGOQ|&amp;#x16980;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E NSHUE|&amp;#x16981;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E RIMGBA|&amp;#x16982;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E NJEUX|&amp;#x16983;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E PEEM|&amp;#x16984;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E SAA|&amp;#x16985;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E NGGURAE|&amp;#x16986;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E MGBA|&amp;#x16987;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E GHEUX|&amp;#x16988;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E NGKEUAEM|&amp;#x16989;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E NJAEMLI|&amp;#x1698a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E MAP|&amp;#x1698b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E LOOT|&amp;#x1698c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E NGGEEEE|&amp;#x1698d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E NDIQ|&amp;#x1698e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E TAEN NTEUM|&amp;#x1698f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#7bffe8;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1699x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E SET|&amp;#x16990;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E PUM|&amp;#x16991;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E NDAA SOFTNESS|&amp;#x16992;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E NGGUAESHAE NYAM|&amp;#x16993;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E YIEE|&amp;#x16994;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E GHEUN|&amp;#x16995;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E TUAE|&amp;#x16996;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E YEUAE|&amp;#x16997;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E PO|&amp;#x16998;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E TUMAE|&amp;#x16999;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E KEUAE|&amp;#x1699a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E SUAEN|&amp;#x1699b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E TEUAEQ|&amp;#x1699c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E VEUAE|&amp;#x1699d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E WEUX|&amp;#x1699e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E LAAM|&amp;#x1699f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#7bffe8;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|169Ax
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E PU|&amp;#x169a0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E TAAQ|&amp;#x169a1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E GHAAMAE|&amp;#x169a2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E NGEUREUT|&amp;#x169a3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E SHEUAEQ|&amp;#x169a4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E MGBEN|&amp;#x169a5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E MBEE|&amp;#x169a6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E NZAQ|&amp;#x169a7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E NKOM|&amp;#x169a8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E GBET|&amp;#x169a9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E TUM|&amp;#x169aa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E KUET|&amp;#x169ab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E YAP|&amp;#x169ac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E NYI CLEAVER|&amp;#x169ad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E YIT|&amp;#x169ae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E MFEUQ|&amp;#x169af;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#7bffe8;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|169Bx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E NDIAQ|&amp;#x169b0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E PIEEQ|&amp;#x169b1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E YUEQ|&amp;#x169b2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E LEUAEM|&amp;#x169b3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E FUE|&amp;#x169b4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E GBEUX|&amp;#x169b5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E NGKUP|&amp;#x169b6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E KET|&amp;#x169b7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E MAE|&amp;#x169b8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E NGKAAMI|&amp;#x169b9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E GHET|&amp;#x169ba;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E FA|&amp;#x169bb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E NTUM|&amp;#x169bc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E PEUT|&amp;#x169bd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E YEUM|&amp;#x169be;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E NGGEUAE|&amp;#x169bf;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#7bffe8;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|169Cx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E NYI BETWEEN|&amp;#x169c0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E NZUQ|&amp;#x169c1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E POON|&amp;#x169c2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E MIEE|&amp;#x169c3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E FUET|&amp;#x169c4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E NAE|&amp;#x169c5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E MUAE|&amp;#x169c6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E GHEUAE|&amp;#x169c7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E FU I|&amp;#x169c8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E MVI|&amp;#x169c9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E PUAQ|&amp;#x169ca;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E NGKUM|&amp;#x169cb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E KUT|&amp;#x169cc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E PIET|&amp;#x169cd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E NTAP|&amp;#x169ce;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E YEUAET|&amp;#x169cf;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#7bffe8;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|169Dx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E NGGUP|&amp;#x169d0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E PA PEOPLE|&amp;#x169d1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E FU CALL|&amp;#x169d2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E FOM|&amp;#x169d3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E NJEE|&amp;#x169d4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E A|&amp;#x169d5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E TOQ|&amp;#x169d6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E O|&amp;#x169d7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E I|&amp;#x169d8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E LAQ|&amp;#x169d9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E PA PLURAL|&amp;#x169da;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E TAA|&amp;#x169db;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E TAQ|&amp;#x169dc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E NDAA MY HOUSE|&amp;#x169dd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E SHIQ|&amp;#x169de;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E YEUX|&amp;#x169df;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#7bffe8;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|169Ex
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E NGUAE|&amp;#x169e0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E YUAEN|&amp;#x169e1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E YOQ SWIMMING|&amp;#x169e2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E YOQ COVER|&amp;#x169e3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E YUQ|&amp;#x169e4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E YUN|&amp;#x169e5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E KEUX|&amp;#x169e6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E PEUX|&amp;#x169e7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E NJEE EPOCH|&amp;#x169e8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E PUE|&amp;#x169e9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E WUE|&amp;#x169ea;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E FEE|&amp;#x169eb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E VEE|&amp;#x169ec;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E LU|&amp;#x169ed;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E MI|&amp;#x169ee;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E REUX|&amp;#x169ef;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#7bffe8;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|169Fx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E RAE|&amp;#x169f0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E NGUAET|&amp;#x169f1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E NGA|&amp;#x169f2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E SHO|&amp;#x169f3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E SHOQ|&amp;#x169f4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E FU REMEDY|&amp;#x169f5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E NA|&amp;#x169f6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E PI|&amp;#x169f7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E LOQ|&amp;#x169f8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E KO|&amp;#x169f9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E MEN|&amp;#x169fa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E MA|&amp;#x169fb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E MAQ|&amp;#x169fc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E TEU|&amp;#x169fd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E KI|&amp;#x169fe;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E MON|&amp;#x169ff;}}
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#7bffe8;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|16A0x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E TEN|&amp;#x16a00;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E FAQ|&amp;#x16a01;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E GHOM|&amp;#x16a02;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-F KA|&amp;#x16a03;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-F U|&amp;#x16a04;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-F KU|&amp;#x16a05;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-F EE|&amp;#x16a06;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-F REE|&amp;#x16a07;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-F TAE|&amp;#x16a08;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-F NYI|&amp;#x16a09;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-F LA|&amp;#x16a0a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-F RII|&amp;#x16a0b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-F RIEE|&amp;#x16a0c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-F MEEEE|&amp;#x16a0d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-F TAA|&amp;#x16a0e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-F NDAA|&amp;#x16a0f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#7bffe8;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|16A1x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-F NJAEM|&amp;#x16a10;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-F M|&amp;#x16a11;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-F SUU|&amp;#x16a12;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-F SHII|&amp;#x16a13;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-F SI|&amp;#x16a14;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-F SEUX|&amp;#x16a15;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-F KYEE|&amp;#x16a16;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-F KET|&amp;#x16a17;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-F NUAE|&amp;#x16a18;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-F NU|&amp;#x16a19;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-F NJUAE|&amp;#x16a1a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-F YOQ|&amp;#x16a1b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-F SHU|&amp;#x16a1c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-F YA|&amp;#x16a1d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-F NSHA|&amp;#x16a1e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-F PEUX|&amp;#x16a1f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#7bffe8;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|16A2x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-F NTEE|&amp;#x16a20;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-F WUE|&amp;#x16a21;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-F PEE|&amp;#x16a22;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-F RU|&amp;#x16a23;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-F NI|&amp;#x16a24;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-F REUX|&amp;#x16a25;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-F KEN|&amp;#x16a26;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-F NGKWAEN|&amp;#x16a27;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-F NGGA|&amp;#x16a28;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-F SHO|&amp;#x16a29;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-F PUAE|&amp;#x16a2a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-F FOM|&amp;#x16a2b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-F WA|&amp;#x16a2c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-F LI|&amp;#x16a2d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-F LOQ|&amp;#x16a2e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-F KO|&amp;#x16a2f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#7bffe8;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|16A3x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-F MBEN|&amp;#x16a30;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-F REN|&amp;#x16a31;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-F MA|&amp;#x16a32;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-F MO|&amp;#x16a33;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-F MBAA|&amp;#x16a34;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-F TET|&amp;#x16a35;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-F KPA|&amp;#x16a36;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-F SAMBA|&amp;#x16a37;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-F VUEQ|&amp;#x16a38;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | '''Mro'''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|16A4x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|MRO LETTER TA|&amp;#x16a40;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MRO LETTER NGI|&amp;#x16a41;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MRO LETTER YO|&amp;#x16a42;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MRO LETTER MIM|&amp;#x16a43;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MRO LETTER BA|&amp;#x16a44;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MRO LETTER DA|&amp;#x16a45;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MRO LETTER A|&amp;#x16a46;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MRO LETTER PHI|&amp;#x16a47;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MRO LETTER KHAI|&amp;#x16a48;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MRO LETTER HAO|&amp;#x16a49;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MRO LETTER DAI|&amp;#x16a4a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MRO LETTER CHU|&amp;#x16a4b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MRO LETTER KEAAE|&amp;#x16a4c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MRO LETTER OL|&amp;#x16a4d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MRO LETTER MAEM|&amp;#x16a4e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MRO LETTER NIN|&amp;#x16a4f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|16A5x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|MRO LETTER PA|&amp;#x16a50;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MRO LETTER OO|&amp;#x16a51;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MRO LETTER O|&amp;#x16a52;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MRO LETTER RO|&amp;#x16a53;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MRO LETTER SHI|&amp;#x16a54;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MRO LETTER THEA|&amp;#x16a55;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MRO LETTER EA|&amp;#x16a56;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MRO LETTER WA|&amp;#x16a57;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MRO LETTER E|&amp;#x16a58;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MRO LETTER KO|&amp;#x16a59;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MRO LETTER LAN|&amp;#x16a5a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MRO LETTER LA|&amp;#x16a5b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MRO LETTER HAI|&amp;#x16a5c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MRO LETTER RI|&amp;#x16a5d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MRO LETTER TEK|&amp;#x16a5e;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|16A6x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|MRO DIGIT ZERO|&amp;#x16a60;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MRO DIGIT ONE|&amp;#x16a61;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MRO DIGIT TWO|&amp;#x16a62;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MRO DIGIT THREE|&amp;#x16a63;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MRO DIGIT FOUR|&amp;#x16a64;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MRO DIGIT FIVE|&amp;#x16a65;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MRO DIGIT SIX|&amp;#x16a66;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MRO DIGIT SEVEN|&amp;#x16a67;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MRO DIGIT EIGHT|&amp;#x16a68;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MRO DIGIT NINE|&amp;#x16a69;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|MRO DANDA|&amp;#x16a6e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MRO DOUBLE DANDA|&amp;#x16a6f;}}
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | '''Tangsa'''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#ffc0e0;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|16A7x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER OZ|&amp;#x16a70;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER OC|&amp;#x16a71;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER OQ|&amp;#x16a72;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER OX|&amp;#x16a73;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER AZ|&amp;#x16a74;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER AC|&amp;#x16a75;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER AQ|&amp;#x16a76;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER AX|&amp;#x16a77;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER VZ|&amp;#x16a78;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER VC|&amp;#x16a79;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER VQ|&amp;#x16a7a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER VX|&amp;#x16a7b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER EZ|&amp;#x16a7c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER EC|&amp;#x16a7d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER EQ|&amp;#x16a7e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER EX|&amp;#x16a7f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#ffc0e0;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|16A8x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER IZ|&amp;#x16a80;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER IC|&amp;#x16a81;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER IQ|&amp;#x16a82;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER IX|&amp;#x16a83;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER UZ|&amp;#x16a84;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER UC|&amp;#x16a85;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER UQ|&amp;#x16a86;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER UX|&amp;#x16a87;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER AWZ|&amp;#x16a88;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER AWC|&amp;#x16a89;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER AWQ|&amp;#x16a8a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER AWX|&amp;#x16a8b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER UIZ|&amp;#x16a8c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER UIC|&amp;#x16a8d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER UIQ|&amp;#x16a8e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER UIX|&amp;#x16a8f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#ffc0e0;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|16A9x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER FINAL NG|&amp;#x16a90;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER LONG UEX|&amp;#x16a91;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER SHORT UEZ|&amp;#x16a92;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER SHORT AWX|&amp;#x16a93;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER UEZ|&amp;#x16a94;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER UEC|&amp;#x16a95;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER UEQ|&amp;#x16a96;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER UEX|&amp;#x16a97;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER UIUZ|&amp;#x16a98;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER UIUC|&amp;#x16a99;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER UIUQ|&amp;#x16a9a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER UIUX|&amp;#x16a9b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER MZ|&amp;#x16a9c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER MC|&amp;#x16a9d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER MQ|&amp;#x16a9e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER MX|&amp;#x16a9f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#ffc0e0;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|16AAx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER KA|&amp;#x16aa0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER KHA|&amp;#x16aa1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER GA|&amp;#x16aa2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER NGA|&amp;#x16aa3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER SA|&amp;#x16aa4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER YA|&amp;#x16aa5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER WA|&amp;#x16aa6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER PA|&amp;#x16aa7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER NYA|&amp;#x16aa8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER PHA|&amp;#x16aa9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER BA|&amp;#x16aaa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER MA|&amp;#x16aab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER NA|&amp;#x16aac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER HA|&amp;#x16aad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER LA|&amp;#x16aae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER HTA|&amp;#x16aaf;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#ffc0e0;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|16ABx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER TA|&amp;#x16ab0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER DA|&amp;#x16ab1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER RA|&amp;#x16ab2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER NHA|&amp;#x16ab3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER SHA|&amp;#x16ab4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER CA|&amp;#x16ab5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER TSA|&amp;#x16ab6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER GHA|&amp;#x16ab7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER HTTA|&amp;#x16ab8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER THA|&amp;#x16ab9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER XA|&amp;#x16aba;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER FA|&amp;#x16abb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER DHA|&amp;#x16abc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER CHA|&amp;#x16abd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER ZA|&amp;#x16abe;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#ffc0e0;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|16ACx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA DIGIT ZERO|&amp;#x16ac0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA DIGIT ONE|&amp;#x16ac1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA DIGIT TWO|&amp;#x16ac2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA DIGIT THREE|&amp;#x16ac3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA DIGIT FOUR|&amp;#x16ac4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA DIGIT FIVE|&amp;#x16ac5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA DIGIT SIX|&amp;#x16ac6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA DIGIT SEVEN|&amp;#x16ac7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA DIGIT EIGHT|&amp;#x16ac8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA DIGIT NINE|&amp;#x16ac9;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | '''Bassa Vah'''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|16ADx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BASSA VAH LETTER ENNI|&amp;#x16ad0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BASSA VAH LETTER KA|&amp;#x16ad1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BASSA VAH LETTER SE|&amp;#x16ad2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BASSA VAH LETTER FA|&amp;#x16ad3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BASSA VAH LETTER MBE|&amp;#x16ad4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BASSA VAH LETTER YIE|&amp;#x16ad5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BASSA VAH LETTER GAH|&amp;#x16ad6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BASSA VAH LETTER DHII|&amp;#x16ad7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BASSA VAH LETTER KPAH|&amp;#x16ad8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BASSA VAH LETTER JO|&amp;#x16ad9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BASSA VAH LETTER HWAH|&amp;#x16ada;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BASSA VAH LETTER WA|&amp;#x16adb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BASSA VAH LETTER ZO|&amp;#x16adc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BASSA VAH LETTER GBU|&amp;#x16add;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BASSA VAH LETTER DO|&amp;#x16ade;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BASSA VAH LETTER CE|&amp;#x16adf;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|16AEx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BASSA VAH LETTER UWU|&amp;#x16ae0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BASSA VAH LETTER TO|&amp;#x16ae1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BASSA VAH LETTER BA|&amp;#x16ae2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BASSA VAH LETTER VU|&amp;#x16ae3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BASSA VAH LETTER YEIN|&amp;#x16ae4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BASSA VAH LETTER PA|&amp;#x16ae5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BASSA VAH LETTER WADDA|&amp;#x16ae6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BASSA VAH LETTER A|&amp;#x16ae7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BASSA VAH LETTER O|&amp;#x16ae8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BASSA VAH LETTER OO|&amp;#x16ae9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BASSA VAH LETTER U|&amp;#x16aea;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BASSA VAH LETTER EE|&amp;#x16aeb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BASSA VAH LETTER E|&amp;#x16aec;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BASSA VAH LETTER I|&amp;#x16aed;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|16AFx
|style=&quot;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|BASSA VAH COMBINING HIGH TONE|&amp;#x16af0;}}||style=&quot;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|BASSA VAH COMBINING LOW TONE|&amp;#x16af1;}}||style=&quot;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|BASSA VAH COMBINING MID TONE|&amp;#x16af2;}}||style=&quot;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|BASSA VAH COMBINING LOW-MID TONE|&amp;#x16af3;}}||style=&quot;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|BASSA VAH COMBINING HIGH-LOW TONE|&amp;#x16af4;}}||style=&quot;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|BASSA VAH FULL STOP|&amp;#x16af5;}}||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | '''Pahawh Hmong'''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|16B0x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG VOWEL KEEB|&amp;#x16b00;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG VOWEL KEEV|&amp;#x16b01;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG VOWEL KIB|&amp;#x16b02;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG VOWEL KIV|&amp;#x16b03;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG VOWEL KAUB|&amp;#x16b04;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG VOWEL KAUV|&amp;#x16b05;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG VOWEL KUB|&amp;#x16b06;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG VOWEL KUV|&amp;#x16b07;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG VOWEL KEB|&amp;#x16b08;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG VOWEL KEV|&amp;#x16b09;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG VOWEL KAIB|&amp;#x16b0a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG VOWEL KAIV|&amp;#x16b0b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG VOWEL KOOB|&amp;#x16b0c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG VOWEL KOOV|&amp;#x16b0d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG VOWEL KAWB|&amp;#x16b0e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG VOWEL KAWV|&amp;#x16b0f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|16B1x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG VOWEL KUAB|&amp;#x16b10;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG VOWEL KUAV|&amp;#x16b11;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG VOWEL KOB|&amp;#x16b12;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG VOWEL KOV|&amp;#x16b13;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG VOWEL KIAB|&amp;#x16b14;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG VOWEL KIAV|&amp;#x16b15;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG VOWEL KAB|&amp;#x16b16;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG VOWEL KAV|&amp;#x16b17;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG VOWEL KWB|&amp;#x16b18;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG VOWEL KWV|&amp;#x16b19;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG VOWEL KAAB|&amp;#x16b1a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG VOWEL KAAV|&amp;#x16b1b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG CONSONANT VAU|&amp;#x16b1c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG CONSONANT NTSAU|&amp;#x16b1d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG CONSONANT LAU|&amp;#x16b1e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG CONSONANT HAU|&amp;#x16b1f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|16B2x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG CONSONANT NLAU|&amp;#x16b20;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG CONSONANT RAU|&amp;#x16b21;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG CONSONANT NKAU|&amp;#x16b22;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG CONSONANT QHAU|&amp;#x16b23;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG CONSONANT YAU|&amp;#x16b24;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG CONSONANT HLAU|&amp;#x16b25;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG CONSONANT MAU|&amp;#x16b26;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG CONSONANT CHAU|&amp;#x16b27;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG CONSONANT NCHAU|&amp;#x16b28;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG CONSONANT HNAU|&amp;#x16b29;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG CONSONANT PLHAU|&amp;#x16b2a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG CONSONANT NTHAU|&amp;#x16b2b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG CONSONANT NAU|&amp;#x16b2c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG CONSONANT AU|&amp;#x16b2d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG CONSONANT XAU|&amp;#x16b2e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG CONSONANT CAU|&amp;#x16b2f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|16B3x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG MARK CIM TUB|&amp;#x16b30;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG MARK CIM SO|&amp;#x16b31;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG MARK CIM KES|&amp;#x16b32;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG MARK CIM KHAV|&amp;#x16b33;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG MARK CIM SUAM|&amp;#x16b34;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG MARK CIM HOM|&amp;#x16b35;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG MARK CIM TAUM|&amp;#x16b36;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG SIGN VOS THOM|&amp;#x16b37;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG SIGN VOS TSHAB CEEB|&amp;#x16b38;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG SIGN CIM CHEEM|&amp;#x16b39;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG SIGN VOS THIAB|&amp;#x16b3a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG SIGN VOS FEEM|&amp;#x16b3b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG SIGN XYEEM NTXIV|&amp;#x16b3c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG SIGN XYEEM RHO|&amp;#x16b3d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG SIGN XYEEM TOV|&amp;#x16b3e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG SIGN XYEEM FAIB|&amp;#x16b3f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|16B4x
|style=&quot;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG SIGN VOS SEEV|&amp;#x16b40;}}||style=&quot;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG SIGN MEEJ SUAB|&amp;#x16b41;}}||style=&quot;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG SIGN VOS NRUA|&amp;#x16b42;}}||style=&quot;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG SIGN IB YAM|&amp;#x16b43;}}||style=&quot;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG SIGN XAUS|&amp;#x16b44;}}||style=&quot;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG SIGN CIM TSOV ROG|&amp;#x16b45;}}||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|16B5x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG DIGIT ZERO|&amp;#x16b50;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG DIGIT ONE|&amp;#x16b51;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG DIGIT TWO|&amp;#x16b52;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG DIGIT THREE|&amp;#x16b53;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG DIGIT FOUR|&amp;#x16b54;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG DIGIT FIVE|&amp;#x16b55;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG DIGIT SIX|&amp;#x16b56;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG DIGIT SEVEN|&amp;#x16b57;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG DIGIT EIGHT|&amp;#x16b58;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG DIGIT NINE|&amp;#x16b59;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG NUMBER TENS|&amp;#x16b5b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG NUMBER HUNDREDS|&amp;#x16b5c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG NUMBER TEN THOUSANDS|&amp;#x16b5d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG NUMBER MILLIONS|&amp;#x16b5e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG NUMBER HUNDRED MILLIONS|&amp;#x16b5f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|16B6x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG NUMBER TEN BILLIONS|&amp;#x16b60;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG NUMBER TRILLIONS|&amp;#x16b61;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG SIGN VOS LUB|&amp;#x16b63;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG SIGN XYOO|&amp;#x16b64;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG SIGN HLI|&amp;#x16b65;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG SIGN THIRD-STAGE HLI|&amp;#x16b66;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG SIGN ZWJ THAJ|&amp;#x16b67;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG SIGN HNUB|&amp;#x16b68;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG SIGN NQIG|&amp;#x16b69;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG SIGN XIAB|&amp;#x16b6a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG SIGN NTUJ|&amp;#x16b6b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG SIGN AV|&amp;#x16b6c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG SIGN TXHEEJ CEEV|&amp;#x16b6d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG SIGN MEEJ TSEEB|&amp;#x16b6e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG SIGN TAU|&amp;#x16b6f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|16B7x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG SIGN LOS|&amp;#x16b70;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG SIGN MUS|&amp;#x16b71;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG SIGN CIM HAIS LUS NTOG NTOG|&amp;#x16b72;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG SIGN CIM CUAM TSHOOJ|&amp;#x16b73;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG SIGN CIM TXWV|&amp;#x16b74;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG SIGN CIM TXWV CHWV|&amp;#x16b75;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG SIGN CIM PUB DAWB|&amp;#x16b76;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG SIGN CIM NRES TOS|&amp;#x16b77;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG CLAN SIGN TSHEEJ|&amp;#x16b7d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG CLAN SIGN YEEG|&amp;#x16b7e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG CLAN SIGN LIS|&amp;#x16b7f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|16B8x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG CLAN SIGN LAUJ|&amp;#x16b80;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG CLAN SIGN XYOOJ|&amp;#x16b81;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG CLAN SIGN KOO|&amp;#x16b82;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG CLAN SIGN HAWJ|&amp;#x16b83;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG CLAN SIGN MUAS|&amp;#x16b84;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG CLAN SIGN THOJ|&amp;#x16b85;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG CLAN SIGN TSAB|&amp;#x16b86;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG CLAN SIGN PHAB|&amp;#x16b87;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG CLAN SIGN KHAB|&amp;#x16b88;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG CLAN SIGN HAM|&amp;#x16b89;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG CLAN SIGN VAJ|&amp;#x16b8a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG CLAN SIGN FAJ|&amp;#x16b8b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG CLAN SIGN YAJ|&amp;#x16b8c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG CLAN SIGN TSWB|&amp;#x16b8d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG CLAN SIGN KWM|&amp;#x16b8e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG CLAN SIGN VWJ|&amp;#x16b8f;}}
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | '''''Woleai'''''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|16B9x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|16BAx
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|16BBx
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|16BCx
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|16BDx
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|16BEx
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|16BFx
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | '''''Kpelle'''''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|16C0x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|16C1x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|16C2x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|16C3x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|16C4x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|16C5x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|16C6x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|16C7x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | '''''Tikamuli'''''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|16C8x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|16C9x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|16CAx
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|16CBx
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | ''Unassigned''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|16CCx
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | '''''Khimhun Tangsa'''''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|16CDx
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|16CEx
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|16CFx
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | '''''Afaka'''''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|16D0x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|16D1x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|16D2x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|16D3x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | '''Kirat Rai'''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#edc3b4;{{text default color}};&quot;

!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|16D4x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|KIRAT RAI SIGN ANUSVARA|&amp;#x16d40;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KIRAT RAI SIGN TONPI|&amp;#x16d41;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KIRAT RAI SIGN VISARGA|&amp;#x16d42;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KIRAT RAI LETTER A|&amp;#x16d43;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KIRAT RAI LETTER KA|&amp;#x16d44;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KIRAT RAI LETTER KHA|&amp;#x16d45;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KIRAT RAI LETTER GA|&amp;#x16d46;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KIRAT RAI LETTER GHA|&amp;#x16d47;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KIRAT RAI LETTER NGA|&amp;#x16d48;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KIRAT RAI LETTER CA|&amp;#x16d49;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KIRAT RAI LETTER CHA|&amp;#x16d4a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KIRAT RAI LETTER JA|&amp;#x16d4b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KIRAT RAI LETTER JHA|&amp;#x16d4c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KIRAT RAI LETTER NYA|&amp;#x16d4d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KIRAT RAI LETTER TTA|&amp;#x16d4e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KIRAT RAI LETTER TTHA|&amp;#x16d4f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#edc3b4;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|16D5x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|KIRAT RAI LETTER DDA|&amp;#x16d50;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KIRAT RAI LETTER DDHA|&amp;#x16d51;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KIRAT RAI LETTER TA|&amp;#x16d52;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KIRAT RAI LETTER THA|&amp;#x16d53;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KIRAT RAI LETTER DA|&amp;#x16d54;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KIRAT RAI LETTER DHA|&amp;#x16d55;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KIRAT RAI LETTER NA|&amp;#x16d56;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KIRAT RAI LETTER PA|&amp;#x16d57;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KIRAT RAI LETTER PHA|&amp;#x16d58;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KIRAT RAI LETTER BA|&amp;#x16d59;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KIRAT RAI LETTER BHA|&amp;#x16d5a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KIRAT RAI LETTER MA|&amp;#x16d5b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KIRAT RAI LETTER YA|&amp;#x16d5c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KIRAT RAI LETTER RA|&amp;#x16d5d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KIRAT RAI LETTER LA|&amp;#x16d5e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KIRAT RAI LETTER VA|&amp;#x16d5f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#edc3b4;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|16D6x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|KIRAT RAI LETTER SA|&amp;#x16d60;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KIRAT RAI LETTER SHA|&amp;#x16d61;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KIRAT RAI LETTER HA|&amp;#x16d62;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KIRAT RAI VOWEL SIGN AA|&amp;#x16d63;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KIRAT RAI VOWEL SIGN I|&amp;#x16d64;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KIRAT RAI VOWEL SIGN U|&amp;#x16d65;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KIRAT RAI VOWEL SIGN UE|&amp;#x16d66;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KIRAT RAI VOWEL SIGN E|&amp;#x16d67;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KIRAT RAI VOWEL SIGN AI|&amp;#x16d68;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KIRAT RAI VOWEL SIGN O|&amp;#x16d69;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KIRAT RAI VOWEL SIGN AU|&amp;#x16d6a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KIRAT RAI SIGN VIRAMA|&amp;#x16d6b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KIRAT RAI SIGN SAAT|&amp;#x16d6c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KIRAT RAI SIGN YUPI|&amp;#x16d6d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KIRAT RAI DANDA|&amp;#x16d6e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KIRAT RAI DOUBLE DANDA|&amp;#x16d6f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#edc3b4;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|16D7x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|KIRAT RAI DIGIT ZERO|&amp;#x16d70;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KIRAT RAI DIGIT ONE|&amp;#x16d71;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KIRAT RAI DIGIT TWO|&amp;#x16d72;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KIRAT RAI DIGIT THREE|&amp;#x16d73;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KIRAT RAI DIGIT FOUR|&amp;#x16d74;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KIRAT RAI DIGIT FIVE|&amp;#x16d75;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KIRAT RAI DIGIT SIX|&amp;#x16d76;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KIRAT RAI DIGIT SEVEN|&amp;#x16d77;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KIRAT RAI DIGIT EIGHT|&amp;#x16d78;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KIRAT RAI DIGIT NINE|&amp;#x16d79;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | '''Chisoi'''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#bba757;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|16D8x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CHISOI LETTER A|&amp;#x16d80;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHISOI LETTER BA|&amp;#x16d81;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHISOI LETTER AAI|&amp;#x16d82;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHISOI LETTER AA|&amp;#x16d83;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHISOI LETTER GA|&amp;#x16d84;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHISOI LETTER TA|&amp;#x16d85;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHISOI LETTER E|&amp;#x16d86;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHISOI LETTER SA|&amp;#x16d87;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHISOI LETTER NA|&amp;#x16d88;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHISOI LETTER I|&amp;#x16d89;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHISOI LETTER KA|&amp;#x16d8a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHISOI LETTER RA|&amp;#x16d8b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHISOI LETTER MA|&amp;#x16d8c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHISOI LETTER HA|&amp;#x16d8d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHISOI LETTER RRA|&amp;#x16d8e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHISOI LETTER U|&amp;#x16d8f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#bba757;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|16D9x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CHISOI LETTER DA|&amp;#x16d90;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHISOI LETTER LA|&amp;#x16d91;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHISOI LETTER O|&amp;#x16d92;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHISOI LETTER NYA|&amp;#x16d93;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHISOI LETTER NGA|&amp;#x16d94;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHISOI LETTER CA|&amp;#x16d95;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHISOI LETTER JA|&amp;#x16d96;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHISOI LETTER PA|&amp;#x16d97;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHISOI SIGN ANUSVARA|&amp;#x16d98;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHISOI LETTER YA|&amp;#x16d99;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHISOI LETTER DDA|&amp;#x16d9a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHISOI LETTER TTA|&amp;#x16d9b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHISOI LETTER JARAHA|&amp;#x16d9c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHISOI SIGN SISO|&amp;#x16d9d;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#bba757;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|16DAx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CHISOI DIGIT ZERO|&amp;#x16da0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHISOI DIGIT ONE|&amp;#x16da1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHISOI DIGIT TWO|&amp;#x16da2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHISOI DIGIT THREE|&amp;#x16da3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHISOI DIGIT FOUR|&amp;#x16da4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHISOI DIGIT FIVE|&amp;#x16da5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHISOI DIGIT SIX|&amp;#x16da6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHISOI DIGIT SEVEN|&amp;#x16da7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHISOI DIGIT EIGHT|&amp;#x16da8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHISOI DIGIT NINE|&amp;#x16da9;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | ''Unassigned''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|16DBx
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|16DCx
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | '''''Kulitan'''''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|16DDx
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|16DEx
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|16DFx
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | '''Mwangwego'''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;{{ProvUntargeted}};{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|16E0x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|MWANGWEGO MUSISI A|&amp;#x16e00;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MWANGWEGO MUSISI BA|&amp;#x16e01;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MWANGWEGO MUSISI CHA|&amp;#x16e02;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MWANGWEGO MUSISI DA|&amp;#x16e03;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MWANGWEGO MUSISI FA|&amp;#x16e04;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MWANGWEGO MUSISI GA|&amp;#x16e05;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MWANGWEGO MUSISI GHA|&amp;#x16e06;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MWANGWEGO MUSISI HA|&amp;#x16e07;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MWANGWEGO MUSISI JA|&amp;#x16e08;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MWANGWEGO MUSISI ZHA|&amp;#x16e09;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MWANGWEGO MUSISI KA|&amp;#x16e0a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MWANGWEGO MUSISI LA|&amp;#x16e0b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MWANGWEGO MUSISI MA|&amp;#x16e0c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MWANGWEGO MUSISI NA|&amp;#x16e0d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MWANGWEGO MUSISI NYA|&amp;#x16e0e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MWANGWEGO MUSISI PA|&amp;#x16e0f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;{{ProvUntargeted}};{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|16E1x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|MWANGWEGO MUSISI RA|&amp;#x16e10;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MWANGWEGO MUSISI SA|&amp;#x16e11;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MWANGWEGO MUSISI SHA|&amp;#x16e12;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MWANGWEGO MUSISI TA|&amp;#x16e13;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MWANGWEGO MUSISI TSA|&amp;#x16e14;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MWANGWEGO MUSISI PSA|&amp;#x16e15;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MWANGWEGO MUSISI VA|&amp;#x16e16;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MWANGWEGO MUSISI WA|&amp;#x16e17;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MWANGWEGO MUSISI YA|&amp;#x16e18;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MWANGWEGO MUSISI ZA|&amp;#x16e19;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MWANGWEGO MUSISI DZA|&amp;#x16e1a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MWANGWEGO MUSISI DHLA|&amp;#x16e1b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MWANGWEGO MUSISI HLA|&amp;#x16e1c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MWANGWEGO MUSISI XA|&amp;#x16e1d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MWANGWEGO MUSISI QA|&amp;#x16e1e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MWANGWEGO MUSISI THA|&amp;#x16e1f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;{{ProvUntargeted}};{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|16E2x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|MWANGWEGO SIRI EMWA|&amp;#x16e20;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MWANGWEGO SIRI IMA|&amp;#x16e21;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MWANGWEGO SIRI OTA|&amp;#x16e22;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MWANGWEGO SIRI UYU|&amp;#x16e23;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MWANGWEGO MUTUYO MYU|&amp;#x16e24;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MWANGWEGO MUTUYO MI|&amp;#x16e25;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MWANGWEGO MUTUYO NI|&amp;#x16e26;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MWANGWEGO MUTUYO HI|&amp;#x16e27;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MWANGWEGO MUTUYO WAYA|&amp;#x16e28;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MWANGWEGO MUTUYO WAYA BELOW|&amp;#x16e29;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MWANGWEGO MUTUYO SISA|&amp;#x16e2a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MWANGWEGO MUTUYO MURA|&amp;#x16e2b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MWANGWEGO MUTUYO MULA|&amp;#x16e2c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MWANGWEGO MUTUYO PEWA|&amp;#x16e2d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MWANGWEGO MUTUYO TUMBU|&amp;#x16e2e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MWANGWEGO MUTUYO KWANTHU|&amp;#x16e2f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;{{ProvUntargeted}};{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|16E3x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|MWANGWEGO MITUYO MYU-NI|&amp;#x16e30;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MWANGWEGO MITUYO MYU-HI|&amp;#x16e31;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MWANGWEGO MITUYO MYU-WAYA|&amp;#x16e32;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MWANGWEGO MITUYO MI-HI|&amp;#x16e33;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MWANGWEGO MITUYO MI-WAYA|&amp;#x16e34;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MWANGWEGO MITUYO NI-HI|&amp;#x16e35;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MWANGWEGO MITUYO NI-WAYA|&amp;#x16e36;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MWANGWEGO MITUYO HI-WAYA|&amp;#x16e37;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MWANGWEGO MITUYO NI-WAYA|&amp;#x16e38;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MWANGWEGO MITUYO TUMBU-WAYA|&amp;#x16e39;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MWANGWEGO MITUYO MYU-NI-HI|&amp;#x16e3a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MWANGWEGO MITUYO MYU-HI-WAYA|&amp;#x16e3b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MWANGWEGO MITUYO MI-HI-WAYA|&amp;#x16e3c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MWANGWEGO MITUYO NI-HI-WAYA|&amp;#x16e3d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MWANGWEGO MITUYO SISA-NI-HI|&amp;#x16e3e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MWANGWEGO MITUYO MYU-NI-HI-WAYA|&amp;#x16e3f;}}
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | '''Medefaidrin'''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#d093ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|16E4x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN CAPITAL LETTER M|&amp;#x16e40;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN CAPITAL LETTER S|&amp;#x16e41;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN CAPITAL LETTER V|&amp;#x16e42;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN CAPITAL LETTER W|&amp;#x16e43;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN CAPITAL LETTER ATIU|&amp;#x16e44;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN CAPITAL LETTER Z|&amp;#x16e45;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN CAPITAL LETTER KP|&amp;#x16e46;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN CAPITAL LETTER P|&amp;#x16e47;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN CAPITAL LETTER T|&amp;#x16e48;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN CAPITAL LETTER G|&amp;#x16e49;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN CAPITAL LETTER F|&amp;#x16e4a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN CAPITAL LETTER I|&amp;#x16e4b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN CAPITAL LETTER K|&amp;#x16e4c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN CAPITAL LETTER A|&amp;#x16e4d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN CAPITAL LETTER J|&amp;#x16e4e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN CAPITAL LETTER E|&amp;#x16e4f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#d093ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|16E5x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN CAPITAL LETTER B|&amp;#x16e50;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN CAPITAL LETTER C|&amp;#x16e51;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN CAPITAL LETTER U|&amp;#x16e52;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN CAPITAL LETTER YU|&amp;#x16e53;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN CAPITAL LETTER L|&amp;#x16e54;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN CAPITAL LETTER Q|&amp;#x16e55;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN CAPITAL LETTER HP|&amp;#x16e56;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN CAPITAL LETTER NY|&amp;#x16e57;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN CAPITAL LETTER X|&amp;#x16e58;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN CAPITAL LETTER D|&amp;#x16e59;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN CAPITAL LETTER OE|&amp;#x16e5a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN CAPITAL LETTER N|&amp;#x16e5b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN CAPITAL LETTER R|&amp;#x16e5c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN CAPITAL LETTER O|&amp;#x16e5d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN CAPITAL LETTER AI|&amp;#x16e5e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN CAPITAL LETTER Y|&amp;#x16e5f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#d093ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|16E6x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN SMALL LETTER M|&amp;#x16e60;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN SMALL LETTER S|&amp;#x16e61;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN SMALL LETTER V|&amp;#x16e62;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN SMALL LETTER W|&amp;#x16e63;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN SMALL LETTER ATIU|&amp;#x16e64;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN SMALL LETTER Z|&amp;#x16e65;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN SMALL LETTER KP|&amp;#x16e66;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN SMALL LETTER P|&amp;#x16e67;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN SMALL LETTER T|&amp;#x16e68;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN SMALL LETTER G|&amp;#x16e69;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN SMALL LETTER F|&amp;#x16e6a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN SMALL LETTER I|&amp;#x16e6b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN SMALL LETTER K|&amp;#x16e6c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN SMALL LETTER A|&amp;#x16e6d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN SMALL LETTER J|&amp;#x16e6e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN SMALL LETTER E|&amp;#x16e6f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#d093ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|16E7x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN SMALL LETTER B|&amp;#x16e70;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN SMALL LETTER C|&amp;#x16e71;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN SMALL LETTER U|&amp;#x16e72;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN SMALL LETTER YU|&amp;#x16e73;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN SMALL LETTER L|&amp;#x16e74;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN SMALL LETTER Q|&amp;#x16e75;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN SMALL LETTER HP|&amp;#x16e76;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN SMALL LETTER NY|&amp;#x16e77;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN SMALL LETTER X|&amp;#x16e78;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN SMALL LETTER D|&amp;#x16e79;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN SMALL LETTER OE|&amp;#x16e7a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN SMALL LETTER N|&amp;#x16e7b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN SMALL LETTER R|&amp;#x16e7c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN SMALL LETTER O|&amp;#x16e7d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN SMALL LETTER AI|&amp;#x16e7e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN SMALL LETTER Y|&amp;#x16e7f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#d093ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|16E8x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN DIGIT ZERO|&amp;#x16e80;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN DIGIT ONE|&amp;#x16e81;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN DIGIT TWO|&amp;#x16e82;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN DIGIT THREE|&amp;#x16e83;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN DIGIT FOUR|&amp;#x16e84;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN DIGIT FIVE|&amp;#x16e85;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN DIGIT SIX|&amp;#x16e86;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN DIGIT SEVEN|&amp;#x16e87;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN DIGIT EIGHT|&amp;#x16e88;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN DIGIT NINE|&amp;#x16e89;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN NUMBER TEN|&amp;#x16e8a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN NUMBER ELEVEN|&amp;#x16e8b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN NUMBER TWELVE|&amp;#x16e8c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN NUMBER THIRTEEN|&amp;#x16e8d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN NUMBER FOURTEEN|&amp;#x16e8e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN NUMBER FIFTEEN|&amp;#x16e8f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#d093ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|16E9x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN NUMBER SIXTEEN|&amp;#x16e90;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN NUMBER SEVENTEEN|&amp;#x16e91;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN NUMBER EIGHTEEN|&amp;#x16e92;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN NUMBER NINETEEN|&amp;#x16e93;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN DIGIT ONE ALTERNATE FORM|&amp;#x16e94;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN DIGIT TWO ALTERNATE FORM|&amp;#x16e95;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN DIGIT THREE ALTERNATE FORM|&amp;#x16e96;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN COMMA|&amp;#x16e97;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN FULL STOP|&amp;#x16e98;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN SYMBOL AIVA|&amp;#x16e99;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN EXCLAMATION OH|&amp;#x16e9a;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | '''Beria Erfe'''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|16EAx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BERIA ERFE CAPITAL LETTER ARKAB|&amp;#x16ea0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BERIA ERFE CAPITAL LETTER BASIGNA|&amp;#x16ea1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BERIA ERFE CAPITAL LETTER DARBAI|&amp;#x16ea2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BERIA ERFE CAPITAL LETTER EH|&amp;#x16ea3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BERIA ERFE CAPITAL LETTER FITKO|&amp;#x16ea4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BERIA ERFE CAPITAL LETTER GOWAY|&amp;#x16ea5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BERIA ERFE CAPITAL LETTER HIRDEABO|&amp;#x16ea6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BERIA ERFE CAPITAL LETTER I|&amp;#x16ea7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BERIA ERFE CAPITAL LETTER DJAI|&amp;#x16ea8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BERIA ERFE CAPITAL LETTER KOBO|&amp;#x16ea9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BERIA ERFE CAPITAL LETTER LAKKO|&amp;#x16eaa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BERIA ERFE CAPITAL LETTER MERI|&amp;#x16eab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BERIA ERFE CAPITAL LETTER NINI|&amp;#x16eac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BERIA ERFE CAPITAL LETTER GNA|&amp;#x16ead;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BERIA ERFE CAPITAL LETTER NGAY|&amp;#x16eae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BERIA ERFE CAPITAL LETTER OI|&amp;#x16eaf;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|16EBx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BERIA ERFE CAPITAL LETTER PI|&amp;#x16eb0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BERIA ERFE CAPITAL LETTER ERIGO|&amp;#x16eb1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BERIA ERFE CAPITAL LETTER ERIGO TAMURA|&amp;#x16eb2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BERIA ERFE CAPITAL LETTER SERI|&amp;#x16eb3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BERIA ERFE CAPITAL LETTER SHEP|&amp;#x16eb4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BERIA ERFE CAPITAL LETTER TATASOUE|&amp;#x16eb5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BERIA ERFE CAPITAL LETTER UI|&amp;#x16eb6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BERIA ERFE CAPITAL LETTER WASSE|&amp;#x16eb7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BERIA ERFE CAPITAL LETTER AY|&amp;#x16eb8;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|BERIA ERFE SMALL LETTER ARKAB|&amp;#x16ebb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BERIA ERFE SMALL LETTER BASIGNA|&amp;#x16ebc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BERIA ERFE SMALL LETTER DARBAI|&amp;#x16ebd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BERIA ERFE SMALL LETTER EH|&amp;#x16ebe;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BERIA ERFE SMALL LETTER FITKO|&amp;#x16ebf;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|16ECx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BERIA ERFE SMALL LETTER GOWAY|&amp;#x16ec0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BERIA ERFE SMALL LETTER HIRDEABO|&amp;#x16ec1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BERIA ERFE SMALL LETTER I|&amp;#x16ec2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BERIA ERFE SMALL LETTER DJAI|&amp;#x16ec3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BERIA ERFE SMALL LETTER KOBO|&amp;#x16ec4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BERIA ERFE SMALL LETTER LAKKO|&amp;#x16ec5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BERIA ERFE SMALL LETTER MERI|&amp;#x16ec6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BERIA ERFE SMALL LETTER NINI|&amp;#x16ec7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BERIA ERFE SMALL LETTER GNA|&amp;#x16ec8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BERIA ERFE SMALL LETTER NGAY|&amp;#x16ec9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BERIA ERFE SMALL LETTER OI|&amp;#x16eca;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BERIA ERFE SMALL LETTER PI|&amp;#x16ecb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BERIA ERFE SMALL LETTER ERIGO|&amp;#x16ecc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BERIA ERFE SMALL LETTER ERIGO TAMURA|&amp;#x16ecd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BERIA ERFE SMALL LETTER SERI|&amp;#x16ece;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BERIA ERFE SMALL LETTER SHEP|&amp;#x16ecf;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|16EDx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BERIA ERFE SMALL LETTER TATASOUE|&amp;#x16ed0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BERIA ERFE SMALL LETTER UI|&amp;#x16ed1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BERIA ERFE SMALL LETTER WASSE|&amp;#x16ed2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BERIA ERFE SMALL LETTER AY|&amp;#x16ed3;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | ''Unassigned''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|16EEx
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|16EFx
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | '''Miao'''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#7ef9ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|16F0x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER PA|&amp;#x16f00;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER BA|&amp;#x16f01;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER YI PA|&amp;#x16f02;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER PLA|&amp;#x16f03;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER MA|&amp;#x16f04;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER MHA|&amp;#x16f05;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER ARCHAIC MA|&amp;#x16f06;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER FA|&amp;#x16f07;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER VA|&amp;#x16f08;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER VFA|&amp;#x16f09;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER TA|&amp;#x16f0a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER DA|&amp;#x16f0b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER YI TTA|&amp;#x16f0c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER YI TA|&amp;#x16f0d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER TTA|&amp;#x16f0e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER DDA|&amp;#x16f0f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#7ef9ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|16F1x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER NA|&amp;#x16f10;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER NHA|&amp;#x16f11;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER YI NNA|&amp;#x16f12;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER ARCHAIC NA|&amp;#x16f13;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER NNA|&amp;#x16f14;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER NNHA|&amp;#x16f15;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER LA|&amp;#x16f16;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER LYA|&amp;#x16f17;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER LHA|&amp;#x16f18;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER LHYA|&amp;#x16f19;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER TLHA|&amp;#x16f1a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER DLHA|&amp;#x16f1b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER TLHYA|&amp;#x16f1c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER DLHYA|&amp;#x16f1d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER KA|&amp;#x16f1e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER GA|&amp;#x16f1f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#7ef9ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|16F2x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER YI KA|&amp;#x16f20;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER QA|&amp;#x16f21;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER QGA|&amp;#x16f22;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER NGA|&amp;#x16f23;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER NGHA|&amp;#x16f24;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER ARCHAIC NGA|&amp;#x16f25;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER HA|&amp;#x16f26;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER XA|&amp;#x16f27;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER GHA|&amp;#x16f28;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER GHHA|&amp;#x16f29;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER TSSA|&amp;#x16f2a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER DZZA|&amp;#x16f2b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER NYA|&amp;#x16f2c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER NYHA|&amp;#x16f2d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER TSHA|&amp;#x16f2e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER DZHA|&amp;#x16f2f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#7ef9ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|16F3x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER YI TSHA|&amp;#x16f30;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER YI DZHA|&amp;#x16f31;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER REFORMED TSHA|&amp;#x16f32;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER SHA|&amp;#x16f33;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER SSA|&amp;#x16f34;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER ZHA|&amp;#x16f35;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER ZSHA|&amp;#x16f36;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER TSA|&amp;#x16f37;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER DZA|&amp;#x16f38;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER YI TSA|&amp;#x16f39;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER SA|&amp;#x16f3a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER ZA|&amp;#x16f3b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER ZSA|&amp;#x16f3c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER ZZA|&amp;#x16f3d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER ZZSA|&amp;#x16f3e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER ARCHAIC ZZA|&amp;#x16f3f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#e896ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|16F4x
|style=&quot;background:#7ef9ff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER ZZYA|&amp;#x16f40;}}||style=&quot;background:#7ef9ff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER ZZSYA|&amp;#x16f41;}}||style=&quot;background:#7ef9ff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER WA|&amp;#x16f42;}}||style=&quot;background:#7ef9ff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER AH|&amp;#x16f43;}}||style=&quot;background:#7ef9ff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER HHA|&amp;#x16f44;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER BRI|&amp;#x16f45;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER SYI|&amp;#x16f46;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER DZYI|&amp;#x16f47;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER TE|&amp;#x16f48;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER TSE|&amp;#x16f49;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER RTE|&amp;#x16f4a;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO SIGN CONSONANT MODIFIER BAR|&amp;#x16f4f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#7ef9ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|16F5x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER NASALIZATION|&amp;#x16f50;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO SIGN ASPIRATION|&amp;#x16f51;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO SIGN REFORMED VOICING|&amp;#x16f52;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO SIGN REFORMED ASPIRATION|&amp;#x16f53;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO VOWEL SIGN A|&amp;#x16f54;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO VOWEL SIGN AA|&amp;#x16f55;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO VOWEL SIGN AHH|&amp;#x16f56;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO VOWEL SIGN AN|&amp;#x16f57;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO VOWEL SIGN ANG|&amp;#x16f58;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO VOWEL SIGN O|&amp;#x16f59;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO VOWEL SIGN OO|&amp;#x16f5a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO VOWEL SIGN WO|&amp;#x16f5b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO VOWEL SIGN W|&amp;#x16f5c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO VOWEL SIGN E|&amp;#x16f5d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO VOWEL SIGN EN|&amp;#x16f5e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO VOWEL SIGN ENG|&amp;#x16f5f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#7ef9ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|16F6x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO VOWEL SIGN OEY|&amp;#x16f60;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO VOWEL SIGN I|&amp;#x16f61;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO VOWEL SIGN IA|&amp;#x16f62;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO VOWEL SIGN IAN|&amp;#x16f63;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO VOWEL SIGN IANG|&amp;#x16f64;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO VOWEL SIGN IO|&amp;#x16f65;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO VOWEL SIGN IE|&amp;#x16f66;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO VOWEL SIGN II|&amp;#x16f67;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO VOWEL SIGN IU|&amp;#x16f68;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO VOWEL SIGN ING|&amp;#x16f69;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO VOWEL SIGN U|&amp;#x16f6a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO VOWEL SIGN UA|&amp;#x16f6b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO VOWEL SIGN UAN|&amp;#x16f6c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO VOWEL SIGN UANG|&amp;#x16f6d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO VOWEL SIGN UU|&amp;#x16f6e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO VOWEL SIGN UEI|&amp;#x16f6f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#7ef9ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|16F7x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO VOWEL SIGN UNG|&amp;#x16f70;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO VOWEL SIGN Y|&amp;#x16f71;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO VOWEL SIGN YI|&amp;#x16f72;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO VOWEL SIGN AE|&amp;#x16f73;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO VOWEL SIGN AEE|&amp;#x16f74;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO VOWEL SIGN ERR|&amp;#x16f75;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO VOWEL SIGN ROUNDED ERR|&amp;#x16f76;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO VOWEL SIGN ER|&amp;#x16f77;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO VOWEL SIGN ROUNDED ER|&amp;#x16f78;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO VOWEL SIGN AI|&amp;#x16f79;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO VOWEL SIGN EI|&amp;#x16f7a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO VOWEL SIGN AU|&amp;#x16f7b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO VOWEL SIGN OU|&amp;#x16f7c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO VOWEL SIGN N|&amp;#x16f7d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO VOWEL SIGN NG|&amp;#x16f7e;}}||style=&quot;background:#e896ff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO VOWEL SIGN UOG|&amp;#x16f7f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#e896ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|16F8x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO VOWEL SIGN YUI|&amp;#x16f80;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO VOWEL SIGN OG|&amp;#x16f81;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO VOWEL SIGN OER|&amp;#x16f82;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO VOWEL SIGN VW|&amp;#x16f83;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO VOWEL SIGN IG|&amp;#x16f84;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO VOWEL SIGN EA|&amp;#x16f85;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO VOWEL SIGN IONG|&amp;#x16f86;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO VOWEL SIGN UI|&amp;#x16f87;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#7ef9ff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO TONE RIGHT|&amp;#x16f8f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#7ef9ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|16F9x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO TONE TOP RIGHT|&amp;#x16f90;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO TONE ABOVE|&amp;#x16f91;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO TONE BELOW|&amp;#x16f92;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER TONE-2|&amp;#x16f93;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER TONE-3|&amp;#x16f94;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER TONE-4|&amp;#x16f95;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER TONE-5|&amp;#x16f96;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER TONE-6|&amp;#x16f97;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER TONE-7|&amp;#x16f98;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER TONE-8|&amp;#x16f99;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER REFORMED TONE-1|&amp;#x16f9a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER REFORMED TONE-2|&amp;#x16f9b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER REFORMED TONE-4|&amp;#x16f9c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER REFORMED TONE-5|&amp;#x16f9d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER REFORMED TONE-6|&amp;#x16f9e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER REFORMED TONE-8|&amp;#x16f9f;}}
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | ''Bopomofo Extended-A''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|16FAx
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | '''''Kanbun Extended-A'''''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|16FBx
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|16FCx
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|16FDx
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | '''Ideographic Symbols and Punctuation'''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|16FEx
|style=&quot;background:#9c8dff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGUT ITERATION MARK|&amp;#x16fe0;}}||style=&quot;background:#b690ff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU ITERATION MARK|&amp;#x16fe1;}}||style=&quot;background:#e896ff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD CHINESE HOOK MARK|&amp;#x16fe2;}}||style=&quot;background:#e896ff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD CHINESE ITERATION MARK|&amp;#x16fe3;}}||style=&quot;background:#ffb0ff;{{text default color}};font-size:75%&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT FILLER|[KSS F]}}||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|16FFx
|style=&quot;background:#ffb0ff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|VIETNAMESE ALTERNATE READING MARK CA|&amp;#x16ff0;}}||style=&quot;background:#ffb0ff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|VIETNAMESE ALTERNATE READING MARK NHAY|&amp;#x16ff1;}}||style=&quot;background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|CHINESE SMALL SIMPLIFIED ER|&amp;#x16ff2;}}||style=&quot;background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|CHINESE SMALL TRADITIONAL ER|&amp;#x16ff3;}}||style=&quot;background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|YANGQIN SIGN SLOW ONE BEAT|&amp;#x16ff4;}}||style=&quot;background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|YANGQIN SIGN SLOW THREE HALF BEATS|&amp;#x16ff5;}}||style=&quot;background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|YANGQIN SIGN SLOW TWO BEATS|&amp;#x16ff6;}}||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|}
{{:Unicode/Character/footer}}</text>
      <sha1>imcl347ejkoquf8aj4kpwvvklrxsdef</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4680634</id>
      <parentid>4680380</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-07T08:23:46Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ILYA125467</username>
        <id>3627024</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Added upcoming 19.0 characters</comment>
      <origin>4680634</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="149491" sha1="h6vkd6bl2or5tw0abt4cfm1swli9h8n" xml:space="preserve">{{:Unicode/Character reference}}

{|border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;2&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; style=&quot;border-collapse:collapse;&quot;
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | '''''Wei Rma'''''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;width:4%&quot;|U+!!style=&quot;width:6%&quot;|0!!style=&quot;width:6%&quot;|1!!style=&quot;width:6%&quot;|2!!style=&quot;width:6%&quot;|3!!style=&quot;width:6%&quot;|4!!style=&quot;width:6%&quot;|5!!style=&quot;width:6%&quot;|6!!style=&quot;width:6%&quot;|7!!style=&quot;width:6%&quot;|8!!style=&quot;width:6%&quot;|9!!style=&quot;width:6%&quot;|A!!style=&quot;width:6%&quot;|B!!style=&quot;width:6%&quot;|C!!style=&quot;width:6%&quot;|D!!style=&quot;width:6%&quot;|E!!style=&quot;width:6%&quot;|F
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1600x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1601x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1602x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1603x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1604x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | '''''Wagindara'''''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1605x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1606x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1607x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | ''Unassigned''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1608x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1609x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|160Ax
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|160Bx
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|160Cx
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|160Dx
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|160Ex
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|160Fx
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | '''Gurung Khema'''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#edc3b4;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1610x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|GURUNG KHEMA LETTER A|&amp;#x16100;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURUNG KHEMA LETTER KA|&amp;#x16101;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURUNG KHEMA LETTER KHA|&amp;#x16102;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURUNG KHEMA LETTER GA|&amp;#x16103;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURUNG KHEMA LETTER GHA|&amp;#x16104;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURUNG KHEMA LETTER NGA|&amp;#x16105;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURUNG KHEMA LETTER CA|&amp;#x16106;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURUNG KHEMA LETTER CHA|&amp;#x16107;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURUNG KHEMA LETTER JA|&amp;#x16108;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURUNG KHEMA LETTER JHA|&amp;#x16109;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURUNG KHEMA LETTER HA|&amp;#x1610a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURUNG KHEMA LETTER TTA|&amp;#x1610b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURUNG KHEMA LETTER TTHA|&amp;#x1610c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURUNG KHEMA LETTER DDA|&amp;#x1610d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURUNG KHEMA LETTER DDHA|&amp;#x1610e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURUNG KHEMA LETTER VA|&amp;#x1610f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#edc3b4;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1611x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|GURUNG KHEMA LETTER TA|&amp;#x16110;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURUNG KHEMA LETTER THA|&amp;#x16111;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURUNG KHEMA LETTER DA|&amp;#x16112;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURUNG KHEMA LETTER DHA|&amp;#x16113;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURUNG KHEMA LETTER NA|&amp;#x16114;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURUNG KHEMA LETTER PA|&amp;#x16115;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURUNG KHEMA LETTER PHA|&amp;#x16116;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURUNG KHEMA LETTER BA|&amp;#x16117;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURUNG KHEMA LETTER BHA|&amp;#x16118;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURUNG KHEMA LETTER MA|&amp;#x16119;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURUNG KHEMA LETTER YA|&amp;#x1611a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURUNG KHEMA LETTER RA|&amp;#x1611b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURUNG KHEMA LETTER LA|&amp;#x1611c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURUNG KHEMA LETTER SA|&amp;#x1611d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURUNG KHEMA VOWEL SIGN AA|&amp;#x1611e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURUNG KHEMA VOWEL SIGN I|&amp;#x1611f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#edc3b4;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1612x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|GURUNG KHEMA VOWEL SIGN II|&amp;#x16120;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURUNG KHEMA VOWEL SIGN U|&amp;#x16121;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURUNG KHEMA VOWEL SIGN UU|&amp;#x16122;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURUNG KHEMA VOWEL SIGN E|&amp;#x16123;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURUNG KHEMA VOWEL SIGN EE|&amp;#x16124;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURUNG KHEMA VOWEL SIGN AI|&amp;#x16125;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURUNG KHEMA VOWEL SIGN O|&amp;#x16126;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURUNG KHEMA VOWEL SIGN OO|&amp;#x16127;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURUNG KHEMA VOWEL SIGN AU|&amp;#x16128;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURUNG KHEMA VOWEL LENGTH MARK|&amp;#x16129;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURUNG KHEMA CONSONANT SIGN MEDIAL YA|&amp;#x1612a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURUNG KHEMA CONSONANT SIGN MEDIAL VA|&amp;#x1612b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURUNG KHEMA CONSONANT SIGN MEDIAL HA|&amp;#x1612c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURUNG KHEMA SIGN ANUSVARA|&amp;#x1612d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURUNG KHEMA CONSONANT SIGN MEDIAL RA|&amp;#x1612e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURUNG KHEMA SIGN THOLHOMA|&amp;#x1612f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#edc3b4;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1613x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|GURUNG KHEMA DIGIT ZERO|&amp;#x16130;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURUNG KHEMA DIGIT ONE|&amp;#x16131;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURUNG KHEMA DIGIT TWO|&amp;#x16132;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURUNG KHEMA DIGIT THREE|&amp;#x16133;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURUNG KHEMA DIGIT FOUR|&amp;#x16134;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURUNG KHEMA DIGIT FIVE|&amp;#x16135;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURUNG KHEMA DIGIT SIX|&amp;#x16136;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURUNG KHEMA DIGIT SEVEN|&amp;#x16137;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURUNG KHEMA DIGIT EIGHT|&amp;#x16138;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURUNG KHEMA DIGIT NINE|&amp;#x16139;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | '''''Kurukh Banna'''''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1614x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1615x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1616x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1617x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1618x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | ''Unassigned''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1619x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | '''''Moon'''''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|161Ax
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|161Bx
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|161Cx
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|161Dx
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|161Ex
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|161Fx
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | '''''Blissymbols'''''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1620x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1621x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1622x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1623x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1624x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1625x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1626x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1627x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1628x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1629x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|162Ax
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|162Bx
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|162Cx
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|162Dx
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|162Ex
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|162Fx
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1630x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1631x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1632x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1633x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1634x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1635x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1636x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1637x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1638x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1639x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|163Ax
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|163Bx
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|163Cx
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|163Dx
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|163Ex
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|163Fx
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1640x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1641x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1642x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1643x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1644x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1645x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1646x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1647x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1648x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1649x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|164Ax
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|164Bx
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|164Cx
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|164Dx
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|164Ex
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|164Fx
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1650x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1651x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1652x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1653x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1654x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1655x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1656x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1657x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1658x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1659x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|165Ax
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|165Bx
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|165Cx
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|165Dx
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|165Ex
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|165Fx
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1660x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1661x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1662x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1663x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1664x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1665x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1666x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1667x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1668x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1669x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|166Ax
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|166Bx
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|166Cx
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|166Dx
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|166Ex
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|166Fx
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1670x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1671x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1672x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1673x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1674x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1675x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1676x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1677x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1678x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1679x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|167Ax
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|167Bx
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|167Cx
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|167Dx
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|167Ex
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|167Fx
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | '''Bamum Supplement'''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#7bffe8;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1680x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A NGKUE MFON|&amp;#x16800;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A GBIEE FON|&amp;#x16801;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A PON MFON PIPAEMGBIEE|&amp;#x16802;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A PON MFON PIPAEMBA|&amp;#x16803;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A NAA MFON|&amp;#x16804;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A SHUENSHUET|&amp;#x16805;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A TITA MFON|&amp;#x16806;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A NZA MFON|&amp;#x16807;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A SHINDA PA NJI|&amp;#x16808;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A PON PA NJI PIPAEMGBIEE|&amp;#x16809;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A PON PA NJI PIPAEMBA|&amp;#x1680a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A MAEMBGBIEE|&amp;#x1680b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A TU MAEMBA|&amp;#x1680c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A NGANGU|&amp;#x1680d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A MAEMVEUX|&amp;#x1680e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A MANSUAE|&amp;#x1680f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#7bffe8;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1681x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A MVEUAENGAM|&amp;#x16810;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A SEUNYAM|&amp;#x16811;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A NTOQPEN|&amp;#x16812;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A KEUKEUTNDA|&amp;#x16813;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A NKINDI|&amp;#x16814;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A SUU|&amp;#x16815;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A NGKUENZEUM|&amp;#x16816;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A LAPAQ|&amp;#x16817;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A LET KUT|&amp;#x16818;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A NTAP MFAA|&amp;#x16819;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A MAEKEUP|&amp;#x1681a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A PASHAE|&amp;#x1681b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A GHEUAERAE|&amp;#x1681c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A PAMSHAE|&amp;#x1681d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A MON NGGEUAET|&amp;#x1681e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A NZUN MEUT|&amp;#x1681f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#7bffe8;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1682x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A U YUQ NAE|&amp;#x16820;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A GHEUAEGHEUAE|&amp;#x16821;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A NTAP NTAA|&amp;#x16822;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A SISA|&amp;#x16823;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A MGBASA|&amp;#x16824;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A MEUNJOMNDEUQ|&amp;#x16825;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A MOOMPUQ|&amp;#x16826;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A KAFA|&amp;#x16827;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A PA LEERAEWA|&amp;#x16828;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A NDA LEERAEWA|&amp;#x16829;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A PET|&amp;#x1682a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A MAEMKPEN|&amp;#x1682b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A NIKA|&amp;#x1682c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A PUP|&amp;#x1682d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A TUAEP|&amp;#x1682e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A LUAEP|&amp;#x1682f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#7bffe8;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1683x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A SONJAM|&amp;#x16830;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A TEUTEUWEN|&amp;#x16831;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A MAENYI|&amp;#x16832;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A KET|&amp;#x16833;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A NDAANGGEUAET|&amp;#x16834;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A KUOQ|&amp;#x16835;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A MOOMEUT|&amp;#x16836;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A SHUM|&amp;#x16837;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A LOMMAE|&amp;#x16838;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A FIRI|&amp;#x16839;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A ROM|&amp;#x1683a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A KPOQ|&amp;#x1683b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A SOQ|&amp;#x1683c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A MAP PIEET|&amp;#x1683d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A SHIRAE|&amp;#x1683e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A NTAP|&amp;#x1683f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#7bffe8;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1684x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A SHOQ NSHUT YUM|&amp;#x16840;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A NYIT MONGKEUAEQ|&amp;#x16841;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A PAARAE|&amp;#x16842;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A NKAARAE|&amp;#x16843;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A UNKNOWN|&amp;#x16844;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A NGGEN|&amp;#x16845;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A MAESI|&amp;#x16846;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A NJAM|&amp;#x16847;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A MBANYI|&amp;#x16848;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A NYET|&amp;#x16849;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A TEUAEN|&amp;#x1684a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A SOT|&amp;#x1684b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A PAAM|&amp;#x1684c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A NSHIEE|&amp;#x1684d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A MAEM|&amp;#x1684e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A NYI|&amp;#x1684f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#7bffe8;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1685x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A KAQ|&amp;#x16850;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A NSHA|&amp;#x16851;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A VEE|&amp;#x16852;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A LU|&amp;#x16853;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A NEN|&amp;#x16854;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A NAQ|&amp;#x16855;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-A MBAQ|&amp;#x16856;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-B NSHUET|&amp;#x16857;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-B TU MAEMGBIEE|&amp;#x16858;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-B SIEE|&amp;#x16859;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-B SET TU|&amp;#x1685a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-B LOM NTEUM|&amp;#x1685b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-B MBA MAELEE|&amp;#x1685c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-B KIEEM|&amp;#x1685d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-B YEURAE|&amp;#x1685e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-B MBAARAE|&amp;#x1685f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#7bffe8;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1686x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-B KAM|&amp;#x16860;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-B PEESHI|&amp;#x16861;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-B YAFU LEERAEWA|&amp;#x16862;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-B LAM NSHUT NYAM|&amp;#x16863;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-B NTIEE SHEUOQ|&amp;#x16864;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-B NDU NJAA|&amp;#x16865;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-B GHEUGHEUAEM|&amp;#x16866;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-B PIT|&amp;#x16867;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-B TU NSIEE|&amp;#x16868;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-B SHET NJAQ|&amp;#x16869;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-B SHEUAEQTU|&amp;#x1686a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-B MFON TEUAEQ|&amp;#x1686b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-B MBIT MBAAKET|&amp;#x1686c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-B NYI NTEUM|&amp;#x1686d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-B KEUPUQ|&amp;#x1686e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-B GHEUGHEN|&amp;#x1686f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#7bffe8;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1687x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-B KEUYEUX|&amp;#x16870;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-B LAANAE|&amp;#x16871;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-B PARUM|&amp;#x16872;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-B VEUM|&amp;#x16873;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-B NGKINDI MVOP|&amp;#x16874;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-B NGGEU MBU|&amp;#x16875;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-B WUAET|&amp;#x16876;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-B SAKEUAE|&amp;#x16877;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-B TAAM|&amp;#x16878;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-B MEUQ|&amp;#x16879;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-B NGGUOQ|&amp;#x1687a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-B NGGUOQ LARGE|&amp;#x1687b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-B MFIYAQ|&amp;#x1687c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-B SUE|&amp;#x1687d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-B MBEURI|&amp;#x1687e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-B MONTIEEN|&amp;#x1687f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#7bffe8;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1688x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-B NYAEMAE|&amp;#x16880;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-B PUNGAAM|&amp;#x16881;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-B MEUT NGGEET|&amp;#x16882;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-B FEUX|&amp;#x16883;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-B MBUOQ|&amp;#x16884;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-B FEE|&amp;#x16885;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-B KEUAEM|&amp;#x16886;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-B MA NJEUAENA|&amp;#x16887;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-B MA NJUQA|&amp;#x16888;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-B LET|&amp;#x16889;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-B NGGAAM|&amp;#x1688a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-B NSEN|&amp;#x1688b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-B MA|&amp;#x1688c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-B KIQ|&amp;#x1688d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-B NGOM|&amp;#x1688e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C NGKUE MAEMBA|&amp;#x1688f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#7bffe8;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1689x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C NZA|&amp;#x16890;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C YUM|&amp;#x16891;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C WANGKUOQ|&amp;#x16892;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C NGGEN|&amp;#x16893;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C NDEUAEREE|&amp;#x16894;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C NGKAQ|&amp;#x16895;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C GHARAE|&amp;#x16896;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C MBEEKEET|&amp;#x16897;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C GBAYI|&amp;#x16898;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C NYIR MKPARAQ MEUN|&amp;#x16899;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C NTU MBIT|&amp;#x1689a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C MBEUM|&amp;#x1689b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C PIRIEEN|&amp;#x1689c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C NDOMBU|&amp;#x1689d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C MBAA CABBAGE-TREE|&amp;#x1689e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C KEUSHEUAEP|&amp;#x1689f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#7bffe8;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|168Ax
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C GHAP|&amp;#x168a0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C KEUKAQ|&amp;#x168a1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C YU MUOMAE|&amp;#x168a2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C NZEUM|&amp;#x168a3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C MBUE|&amp;#x168a4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C NSEUAEN|&amp;#x168a5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C MBIT|&amp;#x168a6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C YEUQ|&amp;#x168a7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C KPARAQ|&amp;#x168a8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C KAA|&amp;#x168a9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C SEUX|&amp;#x168aa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C NDIDA|&amp;#x168ab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C TAASHAE|&amp;#x168ac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C NJUEQ|&amp;#x168ad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C TITA YUE|&amp;#x168ae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C SUAET|&amp;#x168af;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#7bffe8;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|168Bx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C NGGUAEN NYAM|&amp;#x168b0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C VEUX|&amp;#x168b1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C NANSANAQ|&amp;#x168b2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C MA KEUAERI|&amp;#x168b3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C NTAA|&amp;#x168b4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C NGGUON|&amp;#x168b5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C LAP|&amp;#x168b6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C MBIRIEEN|&amp;#x168b7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C MGBASAQ|&amp;#x168b8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C NTEUNGBA|&amp;#x168b9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C TEUTEUX|&amp;#x168ba;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C NGGUM|&amp;#x168bb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C FUE|&amp;#x168bc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C NDEUT|&amp;#x168bd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C NSA|&amp;#x168be;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C NSHAQ|&amp;#x168bf;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#7bffe8;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|168Cx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C BUNG|&amp;#x168c0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C VEUAEPEN|&amp;#x168c1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C MBERAE|&amp;#x168c2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C RU|&amp;#x168c3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C NJAEM|&amp;#x168c4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C LAM|&amp;#x168c5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C TITUAEP|&amp;#x168c6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C NSUOT NGOM|&amp;#x168c7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C NJEEEE|&amp;#x168c8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C KET|&amp;#x168c9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C NGGU|&amp;#x168ca;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C MAESI|&amp;#x168cb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C MBUAEM|&amp;#x168cc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C LU|&amp;#x168cd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C KUT|&amp;#x168ce;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C NJAM|&amp;#x168cf;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#7bffe8;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|168Dx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C NGOM|&amp;#x168d0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C WUP|&amp;#x168d1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C NGGUEET|&amp;#x168d2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C NSOM|&amp;#x168d3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C NTEN|&amp;#x168d4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C KUOP NKAARAE|&amp;#x168d5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C NSUN|&amp;#x168d6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C NDAM|&amp;#x168d7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C MA NSIEE|&amp;#x168d8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C YAA|&amp;#x168d9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C NDAP|&amp;#x168da;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C SHUEQ|&amp;#x168db;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C SETFON|&amp;#x168dc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C MBI|&amp;#x168dd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C MAEMBA|&amp;#x168de;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C MBANYI|&amp;#x168df;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#7bffe8;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|168Ex
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C KEUSEUX|&amp;#x168e0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C MBEUX|&amp;#x168e1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C KEUM|&amp;#x168e2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C MBAA PICKET|&amp;#x168e3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C YUWOQ|&amp;#x168e4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C NJEUX|&amp;#x168e5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C MIEE|&amp;#x168e6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C MUAE|&amp;#x168e7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C SHIQ|&amp;#x168e8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C KEN LAW|&amp;#x168e9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C KEN FATIGUE|&amp;#x168ea;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C NGAQ|&amp;#x168eb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C NAQ|&amp;#x168ec;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C LIQ|&amp;#x168ed;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C PIN|&amp;#x168ee;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C PEN|&amp;#x168ef;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#7bffe8;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|168Fx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-C TET|&amp;#x168f0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D MBUO|&amp;#x168f1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D WAP|&amp;#x168f2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D NJI|&amp;#x168f3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D MFON|&amp;#x168f4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D NJIEE|&amp;#x168f5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D LIEE|&amp;#x168f6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D NJEUT|&amp;#x168f7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D NSHEE|&amp;#x168f8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D NGGAAMAE|&amp;#x168f9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D NYAM|&amp;#x168fa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D WUAEN|&amp;#x168fb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D NGKUN|&amp;#x168fc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D SHEE|&amp;#x168fd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D NGKAP|&amp;#x168fe;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D KEUAETMEUN|&amp;#x168ff;}}
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#7bffe8;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1690x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D TEUT|&amp;#x16900;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D SHEUAE|&amp;#x16901;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D NJAP|&amp;#x16902;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D SUE|&amp;#x16903;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D KET|&amp;#x16904;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D YAEMMAE|&amp;#x16905;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D KUOM|&amp;#x16906;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D SAP|&amp;#x16907;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D MFEUT|&amp;#x16908;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D NDEUX|&amp;#x16909;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D MALEERI|&amp;#x1690a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D MEUT|&amp;#x1690b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D SEUAEQ|&amp;#x1690c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D YEN|&amp;#x1690d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D NJEUAEM|&amp;#x1690e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D KEUOT MBUAE|&amp;#x1690f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#7bffe8;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1691x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D NGKEURI|&amp;#x16910;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D TU|&amp;#x16911;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D GHAA|&amp;#x16912;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D NGKYEE|&amp;#x16913;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D FEUFEUAET|&amp;#x16914;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D NDEE|&amp;#x16915;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D MGBOFUM|&amp;#x16916;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D LEUAEP|&amp;#x16917;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D NDON|&amp;#x16918;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D MONI|&amp;#x16919;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D MGBEUN|&amp;#x1691a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D PUUT|&amp;#x1691b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D MGBIEE|&amp;#x1691c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D MFO|&amp;#x1691d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D LUM|&amp;#x1691e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D NSIEEP|&amp;#x1691f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#7bffe8;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1692x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D MBAA|&amp;#x16920;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D KWAET|&amp;#x16921;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D NYET|&amp;#x16922;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D TEUAEN|&amp;#x16923;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D SOT|&amp;#x16924;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D YUWOQ|&amp;#x16925;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D KEUM|&amp;#x16926;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D RAEM|&amp;#x16927;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D TEEEE|&amp;#x16928;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D NGKEUAEQ|&amp;#x16929;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D MFEUAE|&amp;#x1692a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D NSIEET|&amp;#x1692b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D KEUP|&amp;#x1692c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D PIP|&amp;#x1692d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D PEUTAE|&amp;#x1692e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D NYUE|&amp;#x1692f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#7bffe8;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1693x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D LET|&amp;#x16930;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D NGGAAM|&amp;#x16931;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D MFIEE|&amp;#x16932;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D NGGWAEN|&amp;#x16933;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D YUOM|&amp;#x16934;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D PAP|&amp;#x16935;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D YUOP|&amp;#x16936;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D NDAM|&amp;#x16937;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D NTEUM|&amp;#x16938;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D SUAE|&amp;#x16939;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D KUN|&amp;#x1693a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D NGGEUX|&amp;#x1693b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D NGKIEE|&amp;#x1693c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D TUOT|&amp;#x1693d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D MEUN|&amp;#x1693e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D KUQ|&amp;#x1693f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#7bffe8;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1694x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D NSUM|&amp;#x16940;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D TEUN|&amp;#x16941;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D MAENJET|&amp;#x16942;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D NGGAP|&amp;#x16943;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D LEUM|&amp;#x16944;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D NGGUOM|&amp;#x16945;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D NSHUT|&amp;#x16946;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D NJUEQ|&amp;#x16947;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D GHEUAE|&amp;#x16948;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D KU|&amp;#x16949;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D REN OLD|&amp;#x1694a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D TAE|&amp;#x1694b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D TOQ|&amp;#x1694c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D NYI|&amp;#x1694d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D RII|&amp;#x1694e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D LEEEE|&amp;#x1694f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#7bffe8;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1695x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D MEEEE|&amp;#x16950;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D M|&amp;#x16951;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D SUU|&amp;#x16952;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D MU|&amp;#x16953;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D SHII|&amp;#x16954;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D SHEUX|&amp;#x16955;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D KYEE|&amp;#x16956;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D NU|&amp;#x16957;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D SHU|&amp;#x16958;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D NTEE|&amp;#x16959;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D PEE|&amp;#x1695a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D NI|&amp;#x1695b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D SHOQ|&amp;#x1695c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D PUQ|&amp;#x1695d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D MVOP|&amp;#x1695e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D LOQ|&amp;#x1695f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#7bffe8;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1696x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D REN MUCH|&amp;#x16960;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D TI|&amp;#x16961;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D NTUU|&amp;#x16962;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D MBAA SEVEN|&amp;#x16963;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D SAQ|&amp;#x16964;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-D FAA|&amp;#x16965;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E NDAP|&amp;#x16966;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E TOON|&amp;#x16967;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E MBEUM|&amp;#x16968;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E LAP|&amp;#x16969;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E VOM|&amp;#x1696a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E LOON|&amp;#x1696b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E PAA|&amp;#x1696c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E SOM|&amp;#x1696d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E RAQ|&amp;#x1696e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E NSHUOP|&amp;#x1696f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#7bffe8;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1697x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E NDUN|&amp;#x16970;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E PUAE|&amp;#x16971;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E TAM|&amp;#x16972;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E NGKA|&amp;#x16973;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E KPEUX|&amp;#x16974;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E WUO|&amp;#x16975;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E SEE|&amp;#x16976;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E NGGEUAET|&amp;#x16977;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E PAAM|&amp;#x16978;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E TOO|&amp;#x16979;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E KUOP|&amp;#x1697a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E LOM|&amp;#x1697b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E NSHIEE|&amp;#x1697c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E NGOP|&amp;#x1697d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E MAEM|&amp;#x1697e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E NGKEUX|&amp;#x1697f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#7bffe8;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1698x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E NGOQ|&amp;#x16980;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E NSHUE|&amp;#x16981;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E RIMGBA|&amp;#x16982;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E NJEUX|&amp;#x16983;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E PEEM|&amp;#x16984;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E SAA|&amp;#x16985;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E NGGURAE|&amp;#x16986;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E MGBA|&amp;#x16987;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E GHEUX|&amp;#x16988;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E NGKEUAEM|&amp;#x16989;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E NJAEMLI|&amp;#x1698a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E MAP|&amp;#x1698b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E LOOT|&amp;#x1698c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E NGGEEEE|&amp;#x1698d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E NDIQ|&amp;#x1698e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E TAEN NTEUM|&amp;#x1698f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#7bffe8;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|1699x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E SET|&amp;#x16990;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E PUM|&amp;#x16991;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E NDAA SOFTNESS|&amp;#x16992;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E NGGUAESHAE NYAM|&amp;#x16993;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E YIEE|&amp;#x16994;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E GHEUN|&amp;#x16995;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E TUAE|&amp;#x16996;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E YEUAE|&amp;#x16997;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E PO|&amp;#x16998;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E TUMAE|&amp;#x16999;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E KEUAE|&amp;#x1699a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E SUAEN|&amp;#x1699b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E TEUAEQ|&amp;#x1699c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E VEUAE|&amp;#x1699d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E WEUX|&amp;#x1699e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E LAAM|&amp;#x1699f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#7bffe8;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|169Ax
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E PU|&amp;#x169a0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E TAAQ|&amp;#x169a1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E GHAAMAE|&amp;#x169a2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E NGEUREUT|&amp;#x169a3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E SHEUAEQ|&amp;#x169a4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E MGBEN|&amp;#x169a5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E MBEE|&amp;#x169a6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E NZAQ|&amp;#x169a7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E NKOM|&amp;#x169a8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E GBET|&amp;#x169a9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E TUM|&amp;#x169aa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E KUET|&amp;#x169ab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E YAP|&amp;#x169ac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E NYI CLEAVER|&amp;#x169ad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E YIT|&amp;#x169ae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E MFEUQ|&amp;#x169af;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#7bffe8;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|169Bx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E NDIAQ|&amp;#x169b0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E PIEEQ|&amp;#x169b1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E YUEQ|&amp;#x169b2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E LEUAEM|&amp;#x169b3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E FUE|&amp;#x169b4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E GBEUX|&amp;#x169b5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E NGKUP|&amp;#x169b6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E KET|&amp;#x169b7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E MAE|&amp;#x169b8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E NGKAAMI|&amp;#x169b9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E GHET|&amp;#x169ba;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E FA|&amp;#x169bb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E NTUM|&amp;#x169bc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E PEUT|&amp;#x169bd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E YEUM|&amp;#x169be;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E NGGEUAE|&amp;#x169bf;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#7bffe8;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|169Cx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E NYI BETWEEN|&amp;#x169c0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E NZUQ|&amp;#x169c1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E POON|&amp;#x169c2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E MIEE|&amp;#x169c3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E FUET|&amp;#x169c4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E NAE|&amp;#x169c5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E MUAE|&amp;#x169c6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E GHEUAE|&amp;#x169c7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E FU I|&amp;#x169c8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E MVI|&amp;#x169c9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E PUAQ|&amp;#x169ca;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E NGKUM|&amp;#x169cb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E KUT|&amp;#x169cc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E PIET|&amp;#x169cd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E NTAP|&amp;#x169ce;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E YEUAET|&amp;#x169cf;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#7bffe8;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|169Dx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E NGGUP|&amp;#x169d0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E PA PEOPLE|&amp;#x169d1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E FU CALL|&amp;#x169d2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E FOM|&amp;#x169d3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E NJEE|&amp;#x169d4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E A|&amp;#x169d5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E TOQ|&amp;#x169d6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E O|&amp;#x169d7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E I|&amp;#x169d8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E LAQ|&amp;#x169d9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E PA PLURAL|&amp;#x169da;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E TAA|&amp;#x169db;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E TAQ|&amp;#x169dc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E NDAA MY HOUSE|&amp;#x169dd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E SHIQ|&amp;#x169de;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E YEUX|&amp;#x169df;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#7bffe8;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|169Ex
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E NGUAE|&amp;#x169e0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E YUAEN|&amp;#x169e1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E YOQ SWIMMING|&amp;#x169e2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E YOQ COVER|&amp;#x169e3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E YUQ|&amp;#x169e4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E YUN|&amp;#x169e5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E KEUX|&amp;#x169e6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E PEUX|&amp;#x169e7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E NJEE EPOCH|&amp;#x169e8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E PUE|&amp;#x169e9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E WUE|&amp;#x169ea;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E FEE|&amp;#x169eb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E VEE|&amp;#x169ec;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E LU|&amp;#x169ed;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E MI|&amp;#x169ee;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E REUX|&amp;#x169ef;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#7bffe8;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|169Fx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E RAE|&amp;#x169f0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E NGUAET|&amp;#x169f1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E NGA|&amp;#x169f2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E SHO|&amp;#x169f3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E SHOQ|&amp;#x169f4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E FU REMEDY|&amp;#x169f5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E NA|&amp;#x169f6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E PI|&amp;#x169f7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E LOQ|&amp;#x169f8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E KO|&amp;#x169f9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E MEN|&amp;#x169fa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E MA|&amp;#x169fb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E MAQ|&amp;#x169fc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E TEU|&amp;#x169fd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E KI|&amp;#x169fe;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E MON|&amp;#x169ff;}}
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#7bffe8;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|16A0x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E TEN|&amp;#x16a00;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E FAQ|&amp;#x16a01;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-E GHOM|&amp;#x16a02;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-F KA|&amp;#x16a03;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-F U|&amp;#x16a04;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-F KU|&amp;#x16a05;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-F EE|&amp;#x16a06;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-F REE|&amp;#x16a07;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-F TAE|&amp;#x16a08;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-F NYI|&amp;#x16a09;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-F LA|&amp;#x16a0a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-F RII|&amp;#x16a0b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-F RIEE|&amp;#x16a0c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-F MEEEE|&amp;#x16a0d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-F TAA|&amp;#x16a0e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-F NDAA|&amp;#x16a0f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#7bffe8;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|16A1x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-F NJAEM|&amp;#x16a10;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-F M|&amp;#x16a11;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-F SUU|&amp;#x16a12;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-F SHII|&amp;#x16a13;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-F SI|&amp;#x16a14;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-F SEUX|&amp;#x16a15;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-F KYEE|&amp;#x16a16;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-F KET|&amp;#x16a17;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-F NUAE|&amp;#x16a18;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-F NU|&amp;#x16a19;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-F NJUAE|&amp;#x16a1a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-F YOQ|&amp;#x16a1b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-F SHU|&amp;#x16a1c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-F YA|&amp;#x16a1d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-F NSHA|&amp;#x16a1e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-F PEUX|&amp;#x16a1f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#7bffe8;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|16A2x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-F NTEE|&amp;#x16a20;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-F WUE|&amp;#x16a21;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-F PEE|&amp;#x16a22;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-F RU|&amp;#x16a23;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-F NI|&amp;#x16a24;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-F REUX|&amp;#x16a25;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-F KEN|&amp;#x16a26;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-F NGKWAEN|&amp;#x16a27;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-F NGGA|&amp;#x16a28;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-F SHO|&amp;#x16a29;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-F PUAE|&amp;#x16a2a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-F FOM|&amp;#x16a2b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-F WA|&amp;#x16a2c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-F LI|&amp;#x16a2d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-F LOQ|&amp;#x16a2e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-F KO|&amp;#x16a2f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#7bffe8;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|16A3x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-F MBEN|&amp;#x16a30;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-F REN|&amp;#x16a31;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-F MA|&amp;#x16a32;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-F MO|&amp;#x16a33;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-F MBAA|&amp;#x16a34;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-F TET|&amp;#x16a35;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-F KPA|&amp;#x16a36;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-F SAMBA|&amp;#x16a37;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BAMUM LETTER PHASE-F VUEQ|&amp;#x16a38;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | '''Mro'''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|16A4x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|MRO LETTER TA|&amp;#x16a40;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MRO LETTER NGI|&amp;#x16a41;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MRO LETTER YO|&amp;#x16a42;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MRO LETTER MIM|&amp;#x16a43;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MRO LETTER BA|&amp;#x16a44;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MRO LETTER DA|&amp;#x16a45;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MRO LETTER A|&amp;#x16a46;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MRO LETTER PHI|&amp;#x16a47;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MRO LETTER KHAI|&amp;#x16a48;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MRO LETTER HAO|&amp;#x16a49;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MRO LETTER DAI|&amp;#x16a4a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MRO LETTER CHU|&amp;#x16a4b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MRO LETTER KEAAE|&amp;#x16a4c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MRO LETTER OL|&amp;#x16a4d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MRO LETTER MAEM|&amp;#x16a4e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MRO LETTER NIN|&amp;#x16a4f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|16A5x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|MRO LETTER PA|&amp;#x16a50;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MRO LETTER OO|&amp;#x16a51;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MRO LETTER O|&amp;#x16a52;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MRO LETTER RO|&amp;#x16a53;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MRO LETTER SHI|&amp;#x16a54;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MRO LETTER THEA|&amp;#x16a55;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MRO LETTER EA|&amp;#x16a56;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MRO LETTER WA|&amp;#x16a57;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MRO LETTER E|&amp;#x16a58;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MRO LETTER KO|&amp;#x16a59;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MRO LETTER LAN|&amp;#x16a5a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MRO LETTER LA|&amp;#x16a5b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MRO LETTER HAI|&amp;#x16a5c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MRO LETTER RI|&amp;#x16a5d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MRO LETTER TEK|&amp;#x16a5e;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|16A6x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|MRO DIGIT ZERO|&amp;#x16a60;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MRO DIGIT ONE|&amp;#x16a61;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MRO DIGIT TWO|&amp;#x16a62;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MRO DIGIT THREE|&amp;#x16a63;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MRO DIGIT FOUR|&amp;#x16a64;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MRO DIGIT FIVE|&amp;#x16a65;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MRO DIGIT SIX|&amp;#x16a66;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MRO DIGIT SEVEN|&amp;#x16a67;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MRO DIGIT EIGHT|&amp;#x16a68;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MRO DIGIT NINE|&amp;#x16a69;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|MRO DANDA|&amp;#x16a6e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MRO DOUBLE DANDA|&amp;#x16a6f;}}
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | '''Tangsa'''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#ffc0e0;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|16A7x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER OZ|&amp;#x16a70;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER OC|&amp;#x16a71;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER OQ|&amp;#x16a72;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER OX|&amp;#x16a73;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER AZ|&amp;#x16a74;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER AC|&amp;#x16a75;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER AQ|&amp;#x16a76;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER AX|&amp;#x16a77;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER VZ|&amp;#x16a78;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER VC|&amp;#x16a79;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER VQ|&amp;#x16a7a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER VX|&amp;#x16a7b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER EZ|&amp;#x16a7c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER EC|&amp;#x16a7d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER EQ|&amp;#x16a7e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER EX|&amp;#x16a7f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#ffc0e0;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|16A8x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER IZ|&amp;#x16a80;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER IC|&amp;#x16a81;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER IQ|&amp;#x16a82;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER IX|&amp;#x16a83;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER UZ|&amp;#x16a84;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER UC|&amp;#x16a85;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER UQ|&amp;#x16a86;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER UX|&amp;#x16a87;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER AWZ|&amp;#x16a88;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER AWC|&amp;#x16a89;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER AWQ|&amp;#x16a8a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER AWX|&amp;#x16a8b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER UIZ|&amp;#x16a8c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER UIC|&amp;#x16a8d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER UIQ|&amp;#x16a8e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER UIX|&amp;#x16a8f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#ffc0e0;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|16A9x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER FINAL NG|&amp;#x16a90;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER LONG UEX|&amp;#x16a91;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER SHORT UEZ|&amp;#x16a92;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER SHORT AWX|&amp;#x16a93;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER UEZ|&amp;#x16a94;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER UEC|&amp;#x16a95;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER UEQ|&amp;#x16a96;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER UEX|&amp;#x16a97;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER UIUZ|&amp;#x16a98;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER UIUC|&amp;#x16a99;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER UIUQ|&amp;#x16a9a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER UIUX|&amp;#x16a9b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER MZ|&amp;#x16a9c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER MC|&amp;#x16a9d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER MQ|&amp;#x16a9e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER MX|&amp;#x16a9f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#ffc0e0;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|16AAx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER KA|&amp;#x16aa0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER KHA|&amp;#x16aa1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER GA|&amp;#x16aa2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER NGA|&amp;#x16aa3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER SA|&amp;#x16aa4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER YA|&amp;#x16aa5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER WA|&amp;#x16aa6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER PA|&amp;#x16aa7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER NYA|&amp;#x16aa8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER PHA|&amp;#x16aa9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER BA|&amp;#x16aaa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER MA|&amp;#x16aab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER NA|&amp;#x16aac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER HA|&amp;#x16aad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER LA|&amp;#x16aae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER HTA|&amp;#x16aaf;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#ffc0e0;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|16ABx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER TA|&amp;#x16ab0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER DA|&amp;#x16ab1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER RA|&amp;#x16ab2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER NHA|&amp;#x16ab3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER SHA|&amp;#x16ab4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER CA|&amp;#x16ab5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER TSA|&amp;#x16ab6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER GHA|&amp;#x16ab7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER HTTA|&amp;#x16ab8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER THA|&amp;#x16ab9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER XA|&amp;#x16aba;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER FA|&amp;#x16abb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER DHA|&amp;#x16abc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER CHA|&amp;#x16abd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA LETTER ZA|&amp;#x16abe;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#ffc0e0;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|16ACx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA DIGIT ZERO|&amp;#x16ac0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA DIGIT ONE|&amp;#x16ac1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA DIGIT TWO|&amp;#x16ac2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA DIGIT THREE|&amp;#x16ac3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA DIGIT FOUR|&amp;#x16ac4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA DIGIT FIVE|&amp;#x16ac5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA DIGIT SIX|&amp;#x16ac6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA DIGIT SEVEN|&amp;#x16ac7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA DIGIT EIGHT|&amp;#x16ac8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGSA DIGIT NINE|&amp;#x16ac9;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | '''Bassa Vah'''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|16ADx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BASSA VAH LETTER ENNI|&amp;#x16ad0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BASSA VAH LETTER KA|&amp;#x16ad1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BASSA VAH LETTER SE|&amp;#x16ad2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BASSA VAH LETTER FA|&amp;#x16ad3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BASSA VAH LETTER MBE|&amp;#x16ad4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BASSA VAH LETTER YIE|&amp;#x16ad5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BASSA VAH LETTER GAH|&amp;#x16ad6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BASSA VAH LETTER DHII|&amp;#x16ad7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BASSA VAH LETTER KPAH|&amp;#x16ad8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BASSA VAH LETTER JO|&amp;#x16ad9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BASSA VAH LETTER HWAH|&amp;#x16ada;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BASSA VAH LETTER WA|&amp;#x16adb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BASSA VAH LETTER ZO|&amp;#x16adc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BASSA VAH LETTER GBU|&amp;#x16add;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BASSA VAH LETTER DO|&amp;#x16ade;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BASSA VAH LETTER CE|&amp;#x16adf;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|16AEx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BASSA VAH LETTER UWU|&amp;#x16ae0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BASSA VAH LETTER TO|&amp;#x16ae1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BASSA VAH LETTER BA|&amp;#x16ae2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BASSA VAH LETTER VU|&amp;#x16ae3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BASSA VAH LETTER YEIN|&amp;#x16ae4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BASSA VAH LETTER PA|&amp;#x16ae5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BASSA VAH LETTER WADDA|&amp;#x16ae6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BASSA VAH LETTER A|&amp;#x16ae7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BASSA VAH LETTER O|&amp;#x16ae8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BASSA VAH LETTER OO|&amp;#x16ae9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BASSA VAH LETTER U|&amp;#x16aea;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BASSA VAH LETTER EE|&amp;#x16aeb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BASSA VAH LETTER E|&amp;#x16aec;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BASSA VAH LETTER I|&amp;#x16aed;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|16AFx
|style=&quot;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|BASSA VAH COMBINING HIGH TONE|&amp;#x16af0;}}||style=&quot;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|BASSA VAH COMBINING LOW TONE|&amp;#x16af1;}}||style=&quot;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|BASSA VAH COMBINING MID TONE|&amp;#x16af2;}}||style=&quot;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|BASSA VAH COMBINING LOW-MID TONE|&amp;#x16af3;}}||style=&quot;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|BASSA VAH COMBINING HIGH-LOW TONE|&amp;#x16af4;}}||style=&quot;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|BASSA VAH FULL STOP|&amp;#x16af5;}}||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | '''Pahawh Hmong'''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|16B0x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG VOWEL KEEB|&amp;#x16b00;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG VOWEL KEEV|&amp;#x16b01;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG VOWEL KIB|&amp;#x16b02;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG VOWEL KIV|&amp;#x16b03;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG VOWEL KAUB|&amp;#x16b04;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG VOWEL KAUV|&amp;#x16b05;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG VOWEL KUB|&amp;#x16b06;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG VOWEL KUV|&amp;#x16b07;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG VOWEL KEB|&amp;#x16b08;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG VOWEL KEV|&amp;#x16b09;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG VOWEL KAIB|&amp;#x16b0a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG VOWEL KAIV|&amp;#x16b0b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG VOWEL KOOB|&amp;#x16b0c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG VOWEL KOOV|&amp;#x16b0d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG VOWEL KAWB|&amp;#x16b0e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG VOWEL KAWV|&amp;#x16b0f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|16B1x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG VOWEL KUAB|&amp;#x16b10;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG VOWEL KUAV|&amp;#x16b11;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG VOWEL KOB|&amp;#x16b12;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG VOWEL KOV|&amp;#x16b13;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG VOWEL KIAB|&amp;#x16b14;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG VOWEL KIAV|&amp;#x16b15;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG VOWEL KAB|&amp;#x16b16;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG VOWEL KAV|&amp;#x16b17;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG VOWEL KWB|&amp;#x16b18;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG VOWEL KWV|&amp;#x16b19;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG VOWEL KAAB|&amp;#x16b1a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG VOWEL KAAV|&amp;#x16b1b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG CONSONANT VAU|&amp;#x16b1c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG CONSONANT NTSAU|&amp;#x16b1d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG CONSONANT LAU|&amp;#x16b1e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG CONSONANT HAU|&amp;#x16b1f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|16B2x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG CONSONANT NLAU|&amp;#x16b20;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG CONSONANT RAU|&amp;#x16b21;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG CONSONANT NKAU|&amp;#x16b22;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG CONSONANT QHAU|&amp;#x16b23;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG CONSONANT YAU|&amp;#x16b24;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG CONSONANT HLAU|&amp;#x16b25;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG CONSONANT MAU|&amp;#x16b26;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG CONSONANT CHAU|&amp;#x16b27;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG CONSONANT NCHAU|&amp;#x16b28;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG CONSONANT HNAU|&amp;#x16b29;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG CONSONANT PLHAU|&amp;#x16b2a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG CONSONANT NTHAU|&amp;#x16b2b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG CONSONANT NAU|&amp;#x16b2c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG CONSONANT AU|&amp;#x16b2d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG CONSONANT XAU|&amp;#x16b2e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG CONSONANT CAU|&amp;#x16b2f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|16B3x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG MARK CIM TUB|&amp;#x16b30;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG MARK CIM SO|&amp;#x16b31;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG MARK CIM KES|&amp;#x16b32;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG MARK CIM KHAV|&amp;#x16b33;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG MARK CIM SUAM|&amp;#x16b34;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG MARK CIM HOM|&amp;#x16b35;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG MARK CIM TAUM|&amp;#x16b36;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG SIGN VOS THOM|&amp;#x16b37;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG SIGN VOS TSHAB CEEB|&amp;#x16b38;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG SIGN CIM CHEEM|&amp;#x16b39;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG SIGN VOS THIAB|&amp;#x16b3a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG SIGN VOS FEEM|&amp;#x16b3b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG SIGN XYEEM NTXIV|&amp;#x16b3c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG SIGN XYEEM RHO|&amp;#x16b3d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG SIGN XYEEM TOV|&amp;#x16b3e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG SIGN XYEEM FAIB|&amp;#x16b3f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|16B4x
|style=&quot;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG SIGN VOS SEEV|&amp;#x16b40;}}||style=&quot;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG SIGN MEEJ SUAB|&amp;#x16b41;}}||style=&quot;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG SIGN VOS NRUA|&amp;#x16b42;}}||style=&quot;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG SIGN IB YAM|&amp;#x16b43;}}||style=&quot;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG SIGN XAUS|&amp;#x16b44;}}||style=&quot;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG SIGN CIM TSOV ROG|&amp;#x16b45;}}||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|16B5x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG DIGIT ZERO|&amp;#x16b50;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG DIGIT ONE|&amp;#x16b51;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG DIGIT TWO|&amp;#x16b52;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG DIGIT THREE|&amp;#x16b53;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG DIGIT FOUR|&amp;#x16b54;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG DIGIT FIVE|&amp;#x16b55;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG DIGIT SIX|&amp;#x16b56;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG DIGIT SEVEN|&amp;#x16b57;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG DIGIT EIGHT|&amp;#x16b58;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG DIGIT NINE|&amp;#x16b59;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG NUMBER TENS|&amp;#x16b5b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG NUMBER HUNDREDS|&amp;#x16b5c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG NUMBER TEN THOUSANDS|&amp;#x16b5d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG NUMBER MILLIONS|&amp;#x16b5e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG NUMBER HUNDRED MILLIONS|&amp;#x16b5f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|16B6x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG NUMBER TEN BILLIONS|&amp;#x16b60;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG NUMBER TRILLIONS|&amp;#x16b61;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG SIGN VOS LUB|&amp;#x16b63;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG SIGN XYOO|&amp;#x16b64;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG SIGN HLI|&amp;#x16b65;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG SIGN THIRD-STAGE HLI|&amp;#x16b66;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG SIGN ZWJ THAJ|&amp;#x16b67;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG SIGN HNUB|&amp;#x16b68;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG SIGN NQIG|&amp;#x16b69;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG SIGN XIAB|&amp;#x16b6a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG SIGN NTUJ|&amp;#x16b6b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG SIGN AV|&amp;#x16b6c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG SIGN TXHEEJ CEEV|&amp;#x16b6d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG SIGN MEEJ TSEEB|&amp;#x16b6e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG SIGN TAU|&amp;#x16b6f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|16B7x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG SIGN LOS|&amp;#x16b70;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG SIGN MUS|&amp;#x16b71;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG SIGN CIM HAIS LUS NTOG NTOG|&amp;#x16b72;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG SIGN CIM CUAM TSHOOJ|&amp;#x16b73;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG SIGN CIM TXWV|&amp;#x16b74;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG SIGN CIM TXWV CHWV|&amp;#x16b75;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG SIGN CIM PUB DAWB|&amp;#x16b76;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG SIGN CIM NRES TOS|&amp;#x16b77;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG CLAN SIGN TSHEEJ|&amp;#x16b7d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG CLAN SIGN YEEG|&amp;#x16b7e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG CLAN SIGN LIS|&amp;#x16b7f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#87abff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|16B8x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG CLAN SIGN LAUJ|&amp;#x16b80;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG CLAN SIGN XYOOJ|&amp;#x16b81;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG CLAN SIGN KOO|&amp;#x16b82;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG CLAN SIGN HAWJ|&amp;#x16b83;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG CLAN SIGN MUAS|&amp;#x16b84;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG CLAN SIGN THOJ|&amp;#x16b85;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG CLAN SIGN TSAB|&amp;#x16b86;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG CLAN SIGN PHAB|&amp;#x16b87;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG CLAN SIGN KHAB|&amp;#x16b88;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG CLAN SIGN HAM|&amp;#x16b89;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG CLAN SIGN VAJ|&amp;#x16b8a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG CLAN SIGN FAJ|&amp;#x16b8b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG CLAN SIGN YAJ|&amp;#x16b8c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG CLAN SIGN TSWB|&amp;#x16b8d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG CLAN SIGN KWM|&amp;#x16b8e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PAHAWH HMONG CLAN SIGN VWJ|&amp;#x16b8f;}}
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | '''''Woleai'''''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|16B9x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|16BAx
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|16BBx
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|16BCx
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|16BDx
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|16BEx
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|16BFx
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | '''''Kpelle'''''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|16C0x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|16C1x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|16C2x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|16C3x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|16C4x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|16C5x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|16C6x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|16C7x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | '''''Tikamuli'''''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|16C8x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|16C9x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|16CAx
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|16CBx
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | ''Unassigned''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|16CCx
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | '''''Khimhun Tangsa'''''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|16CDx
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|16CEx
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|16CFx
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | '''''Afaka'''''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|16D0x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|16D1x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|16D2x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|16D3x
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | '''Kirat Rai'''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#edc3b4;{{text default color}};&quot;

!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|16D4x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|KIRAT RAI SIGN ANUSVARA|&amp;#x16d40;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KIRAT RAI SIGN TONPI|&amp;#x16d41;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KIRAT RAI SIGN VISARGA|&amp;#x16d42;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KIRAT RAI LETTER A|&amp;#x16d43;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KIRAT RAI LETTER KA|&amp;#x16d44;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KIRAT RAI LETTER KHA|&amp;#x16d45;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KIRAT RAI LETTER GA|&amp;#x16d46;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KIRAT RAI LETTER GHA|&amp;#x16d47;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KIRAT RAI LETTER NGA|&amp;#x16d48;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KIRAT RAI LETTER CA|&amp;#x16d49;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KIRAT RAI LETTER CHA|&amp;#x16d4a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KIRAT RAI LETTER JA|&amp;#x16d4b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KIRAT RAI LETTER JHA|&amp;#x16d4c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KIRAT RAI LETTER NYA|&amp;#x16d4d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KIRAT RAI LETTER TTA|&amp;#x16d4e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KIRAT RAI LETTER TTHA|&amp;#x16d4f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#edc3b4;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|16D5x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|KIRAT RAI LETTER DDA|&amp;#x16d50;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KIRAT RAI LETTER DDHA|&amp;#x16d51;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KIRAT RAI LETTER TA|&amp;#x16d52;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KIRAT RAI LETTER THA|&amp;#x16d53;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KIRAT RAI LETTER DA|&amp;#x16d54;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KIRAT RAI LETTER DHA|&amp;#x16d55;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KIRAT RAI LETTER NA|&amp;#x16d56;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KIRAT RAI LETTER PA|&amp;#x16d57;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KIRAT RAI LETTER PHA|&amp;#x16d58;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KIRAT RAI LETTER BA|&amp;#x16d59;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KIRAT RAI LETTER BHA|&amp;#x16d5a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KIRAT RAI LETTER MA|&amp;#x16d5b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KIRAT RAI LETTER YA|&amp;#x16d5c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KIRAT RAI LETTER RA|&amp;#x16d5d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KIRAT RAI LETTER LA|&amp;#x16d5e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KIRAT RAI LETTER VA|&amp;#x16d5f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#edc3b4;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|16D6x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|KIRAT RAI LETTER SA|&amp;#x16d60;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KIRAT RAI LETTER SHA|&amp;#x16d61;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KIRAT RAI LETTER HA|&amp;#x16d62;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KIRAT RAI VOWEL SIGN AA|&amp;#x16d63;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KIRAT RAI VOWEL SIGN I|&amp;#x16d64;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KIRAT RAI VOWEL SIGN U|&amp;#x16d65;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KIRAT RAI VOWEL SIGN UE|&amp;#x16d66;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KIRAT RAI VOWEL SIGN E|&amp;#x16d67;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KIRAT RAI VOWEL SIGN AI|&amp;#x16d68;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KIRAT RAI VOWEL SIGN O|&amp;#x16d69;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KIRAT RAI VOWEL SIGN AU|&amp;#x16d6a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KIRAT RAI SIGN VIRAMA|&amp;#x16d6b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KIRAT RAI SIGN SAAT|&amp;#x16d6c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KIRAT RAI SIGN YUPI|&amp;#x16d6d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KIRAT RAI DANDA|&amp;#x16d6e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KIRAT RAI DOUBLE DANDA|&amp;#x16d6f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#edc3b4;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|16D7x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|KIRAT RAI DIGIT ZERO|&amp;#x16d70;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KIRAT RAI DIGIT ONE|&amp;#x16d71;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KIRAT RAI DIGIT TWO|&amp;#x16d72;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KIRAT RAI DIGIT THREE|&amp;#x16d73;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KIRAT RAI DIGIT FOUR|&amp;#x16d74;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KIRAT RAI DIGIT FIVE|&amp;#x16d75;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KIRAT RAI DIGIT SIX|&amp;#x16d76;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KIRAT RAI DIGIT SEVEN|&amp;#x16d77;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KIRAT RAI DIGIT EIGHT|&amp;#x16d78;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KIRAT RAI DIGIT NINE|&amp;#x16d79;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | '''Chisoi'''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#bba757;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|16D8x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CHISOI LETTER A|&amp;#x16d80;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHISOI LETTER BA|&amp;#x16d81;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHISOI LETTER AAI|&amp;#x16d82;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHISOI LETTER AA|&amp;#x16d83;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHISOI LETTER GA|&amp;#x16d84;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHISOI LETTER TA|&amp;#x16d85;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHISOI LETTER E|&amp;#x16d86;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHISOI LETTER SA|&amp;#x16d87;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHISOI LETTER NA|&amp;#x16d88;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHISOI LETTER I|&amp;#x16d89;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHISOI LETTER KA|&amp;#x16d8a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHISOI LETTER RA|&amp;#x16d8b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHISOI LETTER MA|&amp;#x16d8c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHISOI LETTER HA|&amp;#x16d8d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHISOI LETTER RRA|&amp;#x16d8e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHISOI LETTER U|&amp;#x16d8f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#bba757;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|16D9x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CHISOI LETTER DA|&amp;#x16d90;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHISOI LETTER LA|&amp;#x16d91;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHISOI LETTER O|&amp;#x16d92;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHISOI LETTER NYA|&amp;#x16d93;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHISOI LETTER NGA|&amp;#x16d94;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHISOI LETTER CA|&amp;#x16d95;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHISOI LETTER JA|&amp;#x16d96;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHISOI LETTER PA|&amp;#x16d97;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHISOI SIGN ANUSVARA|&amp;#x16d98;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHISOI LETTER YA|&amp;#x16d99;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHISOI LETTER DDA|&amp;#x16d9a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHISOI LETTER TTA|&amp;#x16d9b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHISOI LETTER JARAHA|&amp;#x16d9c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHISOI SIGN SISO|&amp;#x16d9d;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#bba757;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|16DAx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|CHISOI DIGIT ZERO|&amp;#x16da0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHISOI DIGIT ONE|&amp;#x16da1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHISOI DIGIT TWO|&amp;#x16da2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHISOI DIGIT THREE|&amp;#x16da3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHISOI DIGIT FOUR|&amp;#x16da4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHISOI DIGIT FIVE|&amp;#x16da5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHISOI DIGIT SIX|&amp;#x16da6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHISOI DIGIT SEVEN|&amp;#x16da7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHISOI DIGIT EIGHT|&amp;#x16da8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHISOI DIGIT NINE|&amp;#x16da9;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | ''Unassigned''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|16DBx
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|16DCx
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | '''''Kulitan'''''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|16DDx
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|16DEx
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|16DFx
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | '''Mwangwego'''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;{{ProvUntargeted}};{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|16E0x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|MWANGWEGO MUSISI A|&amp;#x16e00;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MWANGWEGO MUSISI BA|&amp;#x16e01;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MWANGWEGO MUSISI CHA|&amp;#x16e02;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MWANGWEGO MUSISI DA|&amp;#x16e03;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MWANGWEGO MUSISI FA|&amp;#x16e04;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MWANGWEGO MUSISI GA|&amp;#x16e05;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MWANGWEGO MUSISI GHA|&amp;#x16e06;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MWANGWEGO MUSISI HA|&amp;#x16e07;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MWANGWEGO MUSISI JA|&amp;#x16e08;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MWANGWEGO MUSISI ZHA|&amp;#x16e09;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MWANGWEGO MUSISI KA|&amp;#x16e0a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MWANGWEGO MUSISI LA|&amp;#x16e0b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MWANGWEGO MUSISI MA|&amp;#x16e0c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MWANGWEGO MUSISI NA|&amp;#x16e0d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MWANGWEGO MUSISI NYA|&amp;#x16e0e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MWANGWEGO MUSISI PA|&amp;#x16e0f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;{{ProvUntargeted}};{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|16E1x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|MWANGWEGO MUSISI RA|&amp;#x16e10;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MWANGWEGO MUSISI SA|&amp;#x16e11;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MWANGWEGO MUSISI SHA|&amp;#x16e12;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MWANGWEGO MUSISI TA|&amp;#x16e13;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MWANGWEGO MUSISI TSA|&amp;#x16e14;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MWANGWEGO MUSISI PSA|&amp;#x16e15;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MWANGWEGO MUSISI VA|&amp;#x16e16;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MWANGWEGO MUSISI WA|&amp;#x16e17;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MWANGWEGO MUSISI YA|&amp;#x16e18;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MWANGWEGO MUSISI ZA|&amp;#x16e19;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MWANGWEGO MUSISI DZA|&amp;#x16e1a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MWANGWEGO MUSISI DHLA|&amp;#x16e1b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MWANGWEGO MUSISI HLA|&amp;#x16e1c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MWANGWEGO MUSISI XA|&amp;#x16e1d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MWANGWEGO MUSISI QA|&amp;#x16e1e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MWANGWEGO MUSISI THA|&amp;#x16e1f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;{{ProvUntargeted}};{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|16E2x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|MWANGWEGO SIRI EMWA|&amp;#x16e20;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MWANGWEGO SIRI IMA|&amp;#x16e21;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MWANGWEGO SIRI OTA|&amp;#x16e22;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MWANGWEGO SIRI UYU|&amp;#x16e23;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MWANGWEGO MUTUYO MYU|&amp;#x16e24;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MWANGWEGO MUTUYO MI|&amp;#x16e25;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MWANGWEGO MUTUYO NI|&amp;#x16e26;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MWANGWEGO MUTUYO HI|&amp;#x16e27;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MWANGWEGO MUTUYO WAYA|&amp;#x16e28;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MWANGWEGO MUTUYO WAYA BELOW|&amp;#x16e29;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MWANGWEGO MUTUYO SISA|&amp;#x16e2a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MWANGWEGO MUTUYO MURA|&amp;#x16e2b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MWANGWEGO MUTUYO MULA|&amp;#x16e2c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MWANGWEGO MUTUYO PEWA|&amp;#x16e2d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MWANGWEGO MUTUYO TUMBU|&amp;#x16e2e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MWANGWEGO MUTUYO KWANTHU|&amp;#x16e2f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;{{ProvUntargeted}};{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|16E3x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|MWANGWEGO MITUYO MYU-NI|&amp;#x16e30;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MWANGWEGO MITUYO MYU-HI|&amp;#x16e31;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MWANGWEGO MITUYO MYU-WAYA|&amp;#x16e32;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MWANGWEGO MITUYO MI-HI|&amp;#x16e33;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MWANGWEGO MITUYO MI-WAYA|&amp;#x16e34;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MWANGWEGO MITUYO NI-HI|&amp;#x16e35;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MWANGWEGO MITUYO NI-WAYA|&amp;#x16e36;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MWANGWEGO MITUYO HI-WAYA|&amp;#x16e37;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MWANGWEGO MITUYO NI-WAYA|&amp;#x16e38;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MWANGWEGO MITUYO TUMBU-WAYA|&amp;#x16e39;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MWANGWEGO MITUYO MYU-NI-HI|&amp;#x16e3a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MWANGWEGO MITUYO MYU-HI-WAYA|&amp;#x16e3b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MWANGWEGO MITUYO MI-HI-WAYA|&amp;#x16e3c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MWANGWEGO MITUYO NI-HI-WAYA|&amp;#x16e3d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MWANGWEGO MITUYO SISA-NI-HI|&amp;#x16e3e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MWANGWEGO MITUYO MYU-NI-HI-WAYA|&amp;#x16e3f;}}
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | '''Medefaidrin'''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#d093ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|16E4x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN CAPITAL LETTER M|&amp;#x16e40;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN CAPITAL LETTER S|&amp;#x16e41;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN CAPITAL LETTER V|&amp;#x16e42;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN CAPITAL LETTER W|&amp;#x16e43;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN CAPITAL LETTER ATIU|&amp;#x16e44;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN CAPITAL LETTER Z|&amp;#x16e45;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN CAPITAL LETTER KP|&amp;#x16e46;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN CAPITAL LETTER P|&amp;#x16e47;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN CAPITAL LETTER T|&amp;#x16e48;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN CAPITAL LETTER G|&amp;#x16e49;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN CAPITAL LETTER F|&amp;#x16e4a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN CAPITAL LETTER I|&amp;#x16e4b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN CAPITAL LETTER K|&amp;#x16e4c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN CAPITAL LETTER A|&amp;#x16e4d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN CAPITAL LETTER J|&amp;#x16e4e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN CAPITAL LETTER E|&amp;#x16e4f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#d093ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|16E5x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN CAPITAL LETTER B|&amp;#x16e50;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN CAPITAL LETTER C|&amp;#x16e51;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN CAPITAL LETTER U|&amp;#x16e52;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN CAPITAL LETTER YU|&amp;#x16e53;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN CAPITAL LETTER L|&amp;#x16e54;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN CAPITAL LETTER Q|&amp;#x16e55;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN CAPITAL LETTER HP|&amp;#x16e56;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN CAPITAL LETTER NY|&amp;#x16e57;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN CAPITAL LETTER X|&amp;#x16e58;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN CAPITAL LETTER D|&amp;#x16e59;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN CAPITAL LETTER OE|&amp;#x16e5a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN CAPITAL LETTER N|&amp;#x16e5b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN CAPITAL LETTER R|&amp;#x16e5c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN CAPITAL LETTER O|&amp;#x16e5d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN CAPITAL LETTER AI|&amp;#x16e5e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN CAPITAL LETTER Y|&amp;#x16e5f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#d093ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|16E6x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN SMALL LETTER M|&amp;#x16e60;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN SMALL LETTER S|&amp;#x16e61;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN SMALL LETTER V|&amp;#x16e62;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN SMALL LETTER W|&amp;#x16e63;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN SMALL LETTER ATIU|&amp;#x16e64;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN SMALL LETTER Z|&amp;#x16e65;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN SMALL LETTER KP|&amp;#x16e66;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN SMALL LETTER P|&amp;#x16e67;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN SMALL LETTER T|&amp;#x16e68;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN SMALL LETTER G|&amp;#x16e69;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN SMALL LETTER F|&amp;#x16e6a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN SMALL LETTER I|&amp;#x16e6b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN SMALL LETTER K|&amp;#x16e6c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN SMALL LETTER A|&amp;#x16e6d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN SMALL LETTER J|&amp;#x16e6e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN SMALL LETTER E|&amp;#x16e6f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#d093ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|16E7x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN SMALL LETTER B|&amp;#x16e70;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN SMALL LETTER C|&amp;#x16e71;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN SMALL LETTER U|&amp;#x16e72;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN SMALL LETTER YU|&amp;#x16e73;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN SMALL LETTER L|&amp;#x16e74;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN SMALL LETTER Q|&amp;#x16e75;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN SMALL LETTER HP|&amp;#x16e76;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN SMALL LETTER NY|&amp;#x16e77;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN SMALL LETTER X|&amp;#x16e78;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN SMALL LETTER D|&amp;#x16e79;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN SMALL LETTER OE|&amp;#x16e7a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN SMALL LETTER N|&amp;#x16e7b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN SMALL LETTER R|&amp;#x16e7c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN SMALL LETTER O|&amp;#x16e7d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN SMALL LETTER AI|&amp;#x16e7e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN SMALL LETTER Y|&amp;#x16e7f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#d093ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|16E8x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN DIGIT ZERO|&amp;#x16e80;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN DIGIT ONE|&amp;#x16e81;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN DIGIT TWO|&amp;#x16e82;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN DIGIT THREE|&amp;#x16e83;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN DIGIT FOUR|&amp;#x16e84;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN DIGIT FIVE|&amp;#x16e85;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN DIGIT SIX|&amp;#x16e86;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN DIGIT SEVEN|&amp;#x16e87;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN DIGIT EIGHT|&amp;#x16e88;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN DIGIT NINE|&amp;#x16e89;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN NUMBER TEN|&amp;#x16e8a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN NUMBER ELEVEN|&amp;#x16e8b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN NUMBER TWELVE|&amp;#x16e8c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN NUMBER THIRTEEN|&amp;#x16e8d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN NUMBER FOURTEEN|&amp;#x16e8e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN NUMBER FIFTEEN|&amp;#x16e8f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#d093ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|16E9x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN NUMBER SIXTEEN|&amp;#x16e90;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN NUMBER SEVENTEEN|&amp;#x16e91;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN NUMBER EIGHTEEN|&amp;#x16e92;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN NUMBER NINETEEN|&amp;#x16e93;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN DIGIT ONE ALTERNATE FORM|&amp;#x16e94;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN DIGIT TWO ALTERNATE FORM|&amp;#x16e95;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN DIGIT THREE ALTERNATE FORM|&amp;#x16e96;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN COMMA|&amp;#x16e97;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN FULL STOP|&amp;#x16e98;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN SYMBOL AIVA|&amp;#x16e99;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDEFAIDRIN EXCLAMATION OH|&amp;#x16e9a;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | '''Beria Erfe'''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|16EAx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BERIA ERFE CAPITAL LETTER ARKAB|&amp;#x16ea0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BERIA ERFE CAPITAL LETTER BASIGNA|&amp;#x16ea1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BERIA ERFE CAPITAL LETTER DARBAI|&amp;#x16ea2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BERIA ERFE CAPITAL LETTER EH|&amp;#x16ea3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BERIA ERFE CAPITAL LETTER FITKO|&amp;#x16ea4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BERIA ERFE CAPITAL LETTER GOWAY|&amp;#x16ea5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BERIA ERFE CAPITAL LETTER HIRDEABO|&amp;#x16ea6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BERIA ERFE CAPITAL LETTER I|&amp;#x16ea7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BERIA ERFE CAPITAL LETTER DJAI|&amp;#x16ea8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BERIA ERFE CAPITAL LETTER KOBO|&amp;#x16ea9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BERIA ERFE CAPITAL LETTER LAKKO|&amp;#x16eaa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BERIA ERFE CAPITAL LETTER MERI|&amp;#x16eab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BERIA ERFE CAPITAL LETTER NINI|&amp;#x16eac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BERIA ERFE CAPITAL LETTER GNA|&amp;#x16ead;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BERIA ERFE CAPITAL LETTER NGAY|&amp;#x16eae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BERIA ERFE CAPITAL LETTER OI|&amp;#x16eaf;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|16EBx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BERIA ERFE CAPITAL LETTER PI|&amp;#x16eb0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BERIA ERFE CAPITAL LETTER ERIGO|&amp;#x16eb1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BERIA ERFE CAPITAL LETTER ERIGO TAMURA|&amp;#x16eb2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BERIA ERFE CAPITAL LETTER SERI|&amp;#x16eb3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BERIA ERFE CAPITAL LETTER SHEP|&amp;#x16eb4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BERIA ERFE CAPITAL LETTER TATASOUE|&amp;#x16eb5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BERIA ERFE CAPITAL LETTER UI|&amp;#x16eb6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BERIA ERFE CAPITAL LETTER WASSE|&amp;#x16eb7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BERIA ERFE CAPITAL LETTER AY|&amp;#x16eb8;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|BERIA ERFE SMALL LETTER ARKAB|&amp;#x16ebb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BERIA ERFE SMALL LETTER BASIGNA|&amp;#x16ebc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BERIA ERFE SMALL LETTER DARBAI|&amp;#x16ebd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BERIA ERFE SMALL LETTER EH|&amp;#x16ebe;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BERIA ERFE SMALL LETTER FITKO|&amp;#x16ebf;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|16ECx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BERIA ERFE SMALL LETTER GOWAY|&amp;#x16ec0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BERIA ERFE SMALL LETTER HIRDEABO|&amp;#x16ec1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BERIA ERFE SMALL LETTER I|&amp;#x16ec2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BERIA ERFE SMALL LETTER DJAI|&amp;#x16ec3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BERIA ERFE SMALL LETTER KOBO|&amp;#x16ec4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BERIA ERFE SMALL LETTER LAKKO|&amp;#x16ec5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BERIA ERFE SMALL LETTER MERI|&amp;#x16ec6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BERIA ERFE SMALL LETTER NINI|&amp;#x16ec7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BERIA ERFE SMALL LETTER GNA|&amp;#x16ec8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BERIA ERFE SMALL LETTER NGAY|&amp;#x16ec9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BERIA ERFE SMALL LETTER OI|&amp;#x16eca;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BERIA ERFE SMALL LETTER PI|&amp;#x16ecb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BERIA ERFE SMALL LETTER ERIGO|&amp;#x16ecc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BERIA ERFE SMALL LETTER ERIGO TAMURA|&amp;#x16ecd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BERIA ERFE SMALL LETTER SERI|&amp;#x16ece;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BERIA ERFE SMALL LETTER SHEP|&amp;#x16ecf;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|16EDx
|{{H:title|dotted=no|BERIA ERFE SMALL LETTER TATASOUE|&amp;#x16ed0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BERIA ERFE SMALL LETTER UI|&amp;#x16ed1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BERIA ERFE SMALL LETTER WASSE|&amp;#x16ed2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BERIA ERFE SMALL LETTER AY|&amp;#x16ed3;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | ''Unassigned''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|16EEx
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|16EFx
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | '''Miao'''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#7ef9ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|16F0x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER PA|&amp;#x16f00;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER BA|&amp;#x16f01;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER YI PA|&amp;#x16f02;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER PLA|&amp;#x16f03;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER MA|&amp;#x16f04;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER MHA|&amp;#x16f05;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER ARCHAIC MA|&amp;#x16f06;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER FA|&amp;#x16f07;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER VA|&amp;#x16f08;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER VFA|&amp;#x16f09;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER TA|&amp;#x16f0a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER DA|&amp;#x16f0b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER YI TTA|&amp;#x16f0c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER YI TA|&amp;#x16f0d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER TTA|&amp;#x16f0e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER DDA|&amp;#x16f0f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#7ef9ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|16F1x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER NA|&amp;#x16f10;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER NHA|&amp;#x16f11;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER YI NNA|&amp;#x16f12;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER ARCHAIC NA|&amp;#x16f13;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER NNA|&amp;#x16f14;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER NNHA|&amp;#x16f15;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER LA|&amp;#x16f16;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER LYA|&amp;#x16f17;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER LHA|&amp;#x16f18;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER LHYA|&amp;#x16f19;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER TLHA|&amp;#x16f1a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER DLHA|&amp;#x16f1b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER TLHYA|&amp;#x16f1c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER DLHYA|&amp;#x16f1d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER KA|&amp;#x16f1e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER GA|&amp;#x16f1f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#7ef9ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|16F2x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER YI KA|&amp;#x16f20;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER QA|&amp;#x16f21;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER QGA|&amp;#x16f22;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER NGA|&amp;#x16f23;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER NGHA|&amp;#x16f24;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER ARCHAIC NGA|&amp;#x16f25;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER HA|&amp;#x16f26;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER XA|&amp;#x16f27;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER GHA|&amp;#x16f28;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER GHHA|&amp;#x16f29;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER TSSA|&amp;#x16f2a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER DZZA|&amp;#x16f2b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER NYA|&amp;#x16f2c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER NYHA|&amp;#x16f2d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER TSHA|&amp;#x16f2e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER DZHA|&amp;#x16f2f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#7ef9ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|16F3x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER YI TSHA|&amp;#x16f30;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER YI DZHA|&amp;#x16f31;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER REFORMED TSHA|&amp;#x16f32;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER SHA|&amp;#x16f33;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER SSA|&amp;#x16f34;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER ZHA|&amp;#x16f35;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER ZSHA|&amp;#x16f36;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER TSA|&amp;#x16f37;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER DZA|&amp;#x16f38;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER YI TSA|&amp;#x16f39;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER SA|&amp;#x16f3a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER ZA|&amp;#x16f3b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER ZSA|&amp;#x16f3c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER ZZA|&amp;#x16f3d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER ZZSA|&amp;#x16f3e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER ARCHAIC ZZA|&amp;#x16f3f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#e896ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|16F4x
|style=&quot;background:#7ef9ff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER ZZYA|&amp;#x16f40;}}||style=&quot;background:#7ef9ff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER ZZSYA|&amp;#x16f41;}}||style=&quot;background:#7ef9ff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER WA|&amp;#x16f42;}}||style=&quot;background:#7ef9ff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER AH|&amp;#x16f43;}}||style=&quot;background:#7ef9ff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER HHA|&amp;#x16f44;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER BRI|&amp;#x16f45;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER SYI|&amp;#x16f46;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER DZYI|&amp;#x16f47;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER TE|&amp;#x16f48;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER TSE|&amp;#x16f49;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER RTE|&amp;#x16f4a;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO SIGN CONSONANT MODIFIER BAR|&amp;#x16f4f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#7ef9ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|16F5x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER NASALIZATION|&amp;#x16f50;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO SIGN ASPIRATION|&amp;#x16f51;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO SIGN REFORMED VOICING|&amp;#x16f52;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO SIGN REFORMED ASPIRATION|&amp;#x16f53;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO VOWEL SIGN A|&amp;#x16f54;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO VOWEL SIGN AA|&amp;#x16f55;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO VOWEL SIGN AHH|&amp;#x16f56;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO VOWEL SIGN AN|&amp;#x16f57;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO VOWEL SIGN ANG|&amp;#x16f58;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO VOWEL SIGN O|&amp;#x16f59;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO VOWEL SIGN OO|&amp;#x16f5a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO VOWEL SIGN WO|&amp;#x16f5b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO VOWEL SIGN W|&amp;#x16f5c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO VOWEL SIGN E|&amp;#x16f5d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO VOWEL SIGN EN|&amp;#x16f5e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO VOWEL SIGN ENG|&amp;#x16f5f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#7ef9ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|16F6x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO VOWEL SIGN OEY|&amp;#x16f60;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO VOWEL SIGN I|&amp;#x16f61;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO VOWEL SIGN IA|&amp;#x16f62;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO VOWEL SIGN IAN|&amp;#x16f63;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO VOWEL SIGN IANG|&amp;#x16f64;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO VOWEL SIGN IO|&amp;#x16f65;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO VOWEL SIGN IE|&amp;#x16f66;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO VOWEL SIGN II|&amp;#x16f67;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO VOWEL SIGN IU|&amp;#x16f68;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO VOWEL SIGN ING|&amp;#x16f69;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO VOWEL SIGN U|&amp;#x16f6a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO VOWEL SIGN UA|&amp;#x16f6b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO VOWEL SIGN UAN|&amp;#x16f6c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO VOWEL SIGN UANG|&amp;#x16f6d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO VOWEL SIGN UU|&amp;#x16f6e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO VOWEL SIGN UEI|&amp;#x16f6f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#7ef9ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|16F7x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO VOWEL SIGN UNG|&amp;#x16f70;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO VOWEL SIGN Y|&amp;#x16f71;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO VOWEL SIGN YI|&amp;#x16f72;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO VOWEL SIGN AE|&amp;#x16f73;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO VOWEL SIGN AEE|&amp;#x16f74;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO VOWEL SIGN ERR|&amp;#x16f75;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO VOWEL SIGN ROUNDED ERR|&amp;#x16f76;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO VOWEL SIGN ER|&amp;#x16f77;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO VOWEL SIGN ROUNDED ER|&amp;#x16f78;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO VOWEL SIGN AI|&amp;#x16f79;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO VOWEL SIGN EI|&amp;#x16f7a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO VOWEL SIGN AU|&amp;#x16f7b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO VOWEL SIGN OU|&amp;#x16f7c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO VOWEL SIGN N|&amp;#x16f7d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO VOWEL SIGN NG|&amp;#x16f7e;}}||style=&quot;background:#e896ff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO VOWEL SIGN UOG|&amp;#x16f7f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#e896ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|16F8x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO VOWEL SIGN YUI|&amp;#x16f80;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO VOWEL SIGN OG|&amp;#x16f81;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO VOWEL SIGN OER|&amp;#x16f82;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO VOWEL SIGN VW|&amp;#x16f83;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO VOWEL SIGN IG|&amp;#x16f84;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO VOWEL SIGN EA|&amp;#x16f85;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO VOWEL SIGN IONG|&amp;#x16f86;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO VOWEL SIGN UI|&amp;#x16f87;}}||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;|&amp;nbsp;||style=&quot;background:#7ef9ff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO TONE RIGHT|&amp;#x16f8f;}}
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#7ef9ff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|16F9x
|{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO TONE TOP RIGHT|&amp;#x16f90;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO TONE ABOVE|&amp;#x16f91;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO TONE BELOW|&amp;#x16f92;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER TONE-2|&amp;#x16f93;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER TONE-3|&amp;#x16f94;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER TONE-4|&amp;#x16f95;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER TONE-5|&amp;#x16f96;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER TONE-6|&amp;#x16f97;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER TONE-7|&amp;#x16f98;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER TONE-8|&amp;#x16f99;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER REFORMED TONE-1|&amp;#x16f9a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER REFORMED TONE-2|&amp;#x16f9b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER REFORMED TONE-4|&amp;#x16f9c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER REFORMED TONE-5|&amp;#x16f9d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER REFORMED TONE-6|&amp;#x16f9e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIAO LETTER REFORMED TONE-8|&amp;#x16f9f;}}
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | ''Bopomofo Extended-A''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|16FAx
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | '''''Kanbun Extended-A'''''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|16FBx
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|16FCx
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|16FDx
|&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|-
| colspan=&quot;17&quot; style=&quot;background:#f8f8f8;{{text default color}};text-align:center&quot; | '''Ideographic Symbols and Punctuation'''
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|16FEx
|style=&quot;background:#9c8dff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|TANGUT ITERATION MARK|&amp;#x16fe0;}}||style=&quot;background:#b690ff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|NUSHU ITERATION MARK|&amp;#x16fe1;}}||style=&quot;background:#e896ff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD CHINESE HOOK MARK|&amp;#x16fe2;}}||style=&quot;background:#e896ff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|OLD CHINESE ITERATION MARK|&amp;#x16fe3;}}||style=&quot;background:#ffb0ff;{{text default color}};font-size:75%&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT FILLER|[KSS F]}}||style=&quot;{{19.0}};{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|	WHITE IDEOGRAPHIC COMMA|&amp;#x16fe5;}}||style=&quot;{{19.0}};{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE IDEOGRAPHIC FULL STOP|&amp;#x16fe6;}}||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;text-align:center;background:#777777;{{text default color}};&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#ffffff;{{text default color}};&quot;|16FFx
|style=&quot;background:#ffb0ff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|VIETNAMESE ALTERNATE READING MARK CA|&amp;#x16ff0;}}||style=&quot;background:#ffb0ff;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|VIETNAMESE ALTERNATE READING MARK NHAY|&amp;#x16ff1;}}||style=&quot;background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|CHINESE SMALL SIMPLIFIED ER|&amp;#x16ff2;}}||style=&quot;background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|CHINESE SMALL TRADITIONAL ER|&amp;#x16ff3;}}||style=&quot;background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|YANGQIN SIGN SLOW ONE BEAT|&amp;#x16ff4;}}||style=&quot;background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|YANGQIN SIGN SLOW THREE HALF BEATS|&amp;#x16ff5;}}||style=&quot;background:#ddb495;{{text default color}};&quot;|{{H:title|dotted=no|YANGQIN SIGN SLOW TWO BEATS|&amp;#x16ff6;}}||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;||&amp;nbsp;
|----- style=&quot;background:#ccccff;{{text default color}};&quot;
!U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F
|}
{{:Unicode/Character/footer}}</text>
      <sha1>h6vkd6bl2or5tw0abt4cfm1swli9h8n</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Engineering Handbook/Physics</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>251744</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4680485</id>
      <parentid>2969381</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T16:57:34Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-59225-07</username>
        <id>3630623</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4680485</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="125" sha1="qd06txgi5vz5gpnj1pq3gu7hzd9ev2y" xml:space="preserve"># [[/Force/]]
# [[/Motion/]]
# [[/Electricity/]]
# [[/ElectroMagnetic/]]
# [[/PhotoElectric/]]
# [[/Radiation/]]

{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>qd06txgi5vz5gpnj1pq3gu7hzd9ev2y</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Engineering Handbook/Physics/Force</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>251745</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4680447</id>
      <parentid>3438843</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T16:23:18Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-59225-07</username>
        <id>3630623</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4680447</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="718" sha1="db1r8ma768jba33c9ks7sdo1zg3gikk" xml:space="preserve">Force is defines as a physical quantity that acts on matter to perform a task

==Types of Force==
:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=100%
! Force !! Formula
|-
| [[Gravity Force]] || &lt;math&gt;F_g = G \frac{mM}{r^2}&lt;/math&gt;
|-
| [[Motion Force]] || &lt;math&gt;F_a = m a = \frac{mv}{t} = \frac{p}{t}&lt;/math&gt;
|-
| [[Elastic Force] || &lt;math&gt;F_s = F &lt;/math&gt;&lt;br&gt; &lt;math&gt;-kx = m \frac{d^2x}{dt^2} &lt;/math&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;math&gt;-ky = m \frac{d^2y}{dt^2} &lt;/math&gt;
|-
| [[Electrostatic Force]] || &lt;math&gt;F_Q = K \frac{Q_+ Q_-}{r^2}&lt;/math&gt;
|-
| [[Electromotive Force]] || &lt;math&gt;F_E = Q E&lt;/math&gt;
|-
| [[ElectromoMagnetomotive Force]] || &lt;math&gt;F_B = \pm Q vB&lt;/math&gt;
|-
| [[ElectroMagnetic Force]] || &lt;math&gt;F_EB = F_E + F_B = Q (E \pm vB)&lt;/math&gt;
|-
|}

{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>db1r8ma768jba33c9ks7sdo1zg3gikk</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4680448</id>
      <parentid>4680447</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T16:27:36Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-59225-07</username>
        <id>3630623</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4680448</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="719" sha1="14zm16o4n8ctnhvo0hw21cyza4o8qib" xml:space="preserve">Force is defines as a physical quantity that acts on matter to perform a task

==Types of Force==
:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=100%
! Force !! Formula
|-
| [[Gravity Force]] || &lt;math&gt;F_g = G \frac{mM}{r^2}&lt;/math&gt;
|-
| [[Motion Force]] || &lt;math&gt;F_a = m a = \frac{mv}{t} = \frac{p}{t}&lt;/math&gt;
|-
| [[Elastic Force]] || &lt;math&gt;F_s = F &lt;/math&gt;&lt;br&gt; &lt;math&gt;-kx = m \frac{d^2x}{dt^2} &lt;/math&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;math&gt;-ky = m \frac{d^2y}{dt^2} &lt;/math&gt;
|-
| [[Electrostatic Force]] || &lt;math&gt;F_Q = K \frac{Q_+ Q_-}{r^2}&lt;/math&gt;
|-
| [[Electromotive Force]] || &lt;math&gt;F_E = Q E&lt;/math&gt;
|-
| [[ElectromoMagnetomotive Force]] || &lt;math&gt;F_B = \pm Q vB&lt;/math&gt;
|-
| [[ElectroMagnetic Force]] || &lt;math&gt;F_EB = F_E + F_B = Q (E \pm vB)&lt;/math&gt;
|-
|}

{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>14zm16o4n8ctnhvo0hw21cyza4o8qib</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4680464</id>
      <parentid>4680448</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T16:40:00Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-59225-07</username>
        <id>3630623</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4680464</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="806" sha1="7zxukvdlahvi87mfljrwie61h7ks8kb" xml:space="preserve">Force is defines as a physical quantity that acts on matter to perform a task

==Force measurement==
Force is measured in unit Newton (N) hay (Kg m /s&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;)


==Types of Force==
:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=100%
! Force !! Formula
|-
| [[Gravity Force]] || &lt;math&gt;F_g = G \frac{mM}{r^2}&lt;/math&gt;
|-
| [[Motion Force]] || &lt;math&gt;F_a = m a = \frac{mv}{t} = \frac{p}{t}&lt;/math&gt;
|-
| [[Elastic Force]] || &lt;math&gt;F_s = F &lt;/math&gt;&lt;br&gt; &lt;math&gt;-kx = m \frac{d^2x}{dt^2} &lt;/math&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;math&gt;-ky = m \frac{d^2y}{dt^2} &lt;/math&gt;
|-
| [[Electrostatic Force]] || &lt;math&gt;F_Q = K \frac{Q_+ Q_-}{r^2}&lt;/math&gt;
|-
| [[Electromotive Force]] || &lt;math&gt;F_E = Q E&lt;/math&gt;
|-
| [[ElectromoMagnetomotive Force]] || &lt;math&gt;F_B = \pm Q vB&lt;/math&gt;
|-
| [[ElectroMagnetic Force]] || &lt;math&gt;F_EB = F_E + F_B = Q (E \pm vB)&lt;/math&gt;
|-
|}

{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>7zxukvdlahvi87mfljrwie61h7ks8kb</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4680465</id>
      <parentid>4680464</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T16:40:41Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-59225-07</username>
        <id>3630623</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4680465</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="814" sha1="chges37b2svlcqlqm6uv1d1gymuu297" xml:space="preserve">Force is defines as a physical quantity that acts on matter to perform a task . Force has a symbol '''F''' . Force is measured in unit Newton (N) hay (Kg m /s&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;)


==Types of Force==
:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=100%
! Force !! Formula
|-
| [[Gravity Force]] || &lt;math&gt;F_g = G \frac{mM}{r^2}&lt;/math&gt;
|-
| [[Motion Force]] || &lt;math&gt;F_a = m a = \frac{mv}{t} = \frac{p}{t}&lt;/math&gt;
|-
| [[Elastic Force]] || &lt;math&gt;F_s = F &lt;/math&gt;&lt;br&gt; &lt;math&gt;-kx = m \frac{d^2x}{dt^2} &lt;/math&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;math&gt;-ky = m \frac{d^2y}{dt^2} &lt;/math&gt;
|-
| [[Electrostatic Force]] || &lt;math&gt;F_Q = K \frac{Q_+ Q_-}{r^2}&lt;/math&gt;
|-
| [[Electromotive Force]] || &lt;math&gt;F_E = Q E&lt;/math&gt;
|-
| [[ElectromoMagnetomotive Force]] || &lt;math&gt;F_B = \pm Q vB&lt;/math&gt;
|-
| [[ElectroMagnetic Force]] || &lt;math&gt;F_EB = F_E + F_B = Q (E \pm vB)&lt;/math&gt;
|-
|}

{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>chges37b2svlcqlqm6uv1d1gymuu297</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4680466</id>
      <parentid>4680465</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T16:40:58Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-59225-07</username>
        <id>3630623</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4680466</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="807" sha1="qzbbhilc6r8tjvz6077xf92txi2gqen" xml:space="preserve">Force is defines as a physical quantity that acts on matter to perform a task . Force has a symbol '''F''' and measured in unit Newton (N) hay (Kg m /s&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;)


==Types of Force==
:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=100%
! Force !! Formula
|-
| [[Gravity Force]] || &lt;math&gt;F_g = G \frac{mM}{r^2}&lt;/math&gt;
|-
| [[Motion Force]] || &lt;math&gt;F_a = m a = \frac{mv}{t} = \frac{p}{t}&lt;/math&gt;
|-
| [[Elastic Force]] || &lt;math&gt;F_s = F &lt;/math&gt;&lt;br&gt; &lt;math&gt;-kx = m \frac{d^2x}{dt^2} &lt;/math&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;math&gt;-ky = m \frac{d^2y}{dt^2} &lt;/math&gt;
|-
| [[Electrostatic Force]] || &lt;math&gt;F_Q = K \frac{Q_+ Q_-}{r^2}&lt;/math&gt;
|-
| [[Electromotive Force]] || &lt;math&gt;F_E = Q E&lt;/math&gt;
|-
| [[ElectromoMagnetomotive Force]] || &lt;math&gt;F_B = \pm Q vB&lt;/math&gt;
|-
| [[ElectroMagnetic Force]] || &lt;math&gt;F_EB = F_E + F_B = Q (E \pm vB)&lt;/math&gt;
|-
|}

{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>qzbbhilc6r8tjvz6077xf92txi2gqen</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4680467</id>
      <parentid>4680466</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T16:41:12Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-59225-07</username>
        <id>3630623</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4680467</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="806" sha1="kmmbw3edrwoo8ot389vs2npex1nln1c" xml:space="preserve">Force is defines as a physical quantity that acts on matter to perform a task . Force has a symbol '''F''' and measured in unit Newton (N) hay (Kg m /s&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;)

==Types of Force==
:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=100%
! Force !! Formula
|-
| [[Gravity Force]] || &lt;math&gt;F_g = G \frac{mM}{r^2}&lt;/math&gt;
|-
| [[Motion Force]] || &lt;math&gt;F_a = m a = \frac{mv}{t} = \frac{p}{t}&lt;/math&gt;
|-
| [[Elastic Force]] || &lt;math&gt;F_s = F &lt;/math&gt;&lt;br&gt; &lt;math&gt;-kx = m \frac{d^2x}{dt^2} &lt;/math&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;math&gt;-ky = m \frac{d^2y}{dt^2} &lt;/math&gt;
|-
| [[Electrostatic Force]] || &lt;math&gt;F_Q = K \frac{Q_+ Q_-}{r^2}&lt;/math&gt;
|-
| [[Electromotive Force]] || &lt;math&gt;F_E = Q E&lt;/math&gt;
|-
| [[ElectromoMagnetomotive Force]] || &lt;math&gt;F_B = \pm Q vB&lt;/math&gt;
|-
| [[ElectroMagnetic Force]] || &lt;math&gt;F_EB = F_E + F_B = Q (E \pm vB)&lt;/math&gt;
|-
|}

{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>kmmbw3edrwoo8ot389vs2npex1nln1c</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4680472</id>
      <parentid>4680467</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T16:46:16Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-59225-07</username>
        <id>3630623</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4680472</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="872" sha1="1ghmm916t2l9uixhz08ww1p7gvh67fl" xml:space="preserve">Force is defines as a physical quantity that acts on matter to perform a task . For example, strength topush or pull a cart to set it in motion . Force has a symbol '''F''' and measured in unit Newton (N) hay (Kg m /s&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;)

==Types of Force==
:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=100%
! Force !! Formula
|-
| [[Gravity Force]] || &lt;math&gt;F_g = G \frac{mM}{r^2}&lt;/math&gt;
|-
| [[Motion Force]] || &lt;math&gt;F_a = m a = \frac{mv}{t} = \frac{p}{t}&lt;/math&gt;
|-
| [[Elastic Force]] || &lt;math&gt;F_s = F &lt;/math&gt;&lt;br&gt; &lt;math&gt;-kx = m \frac{d^2x}{dt^2} &lt;/math&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;math&gt;-ky = m \frac{d^2y}{dt^2} &lt;/math&gt;
|-
| [[Electrostatic Force]] || &lt;math&gt;F_Q = K \frac{Q_+ Q_-}{r^2}&lt;/math&gt;
|-
| [[Electromotive Force]] || &lt;math&gt;F_E = Q E&lt;/math&gt;
|-
| [[ElectromoMagnetomotive Force]] || &lt;math&gt;F_B = \pm Q vB&lt;/math&gt;
|-
| [[ElectroMagnetic Force]] || &lt;math&gt;F_EB = F_E + F_B = Q (E \pm vB)&lt;/math&gt;
|-
|}

{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>1ghmm916t2l9uixhz08ww1p7gvh67fl</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4680473</id>
      <parentid>4680472</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T16:46:39Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-59225-07</username>
        <id>3630623</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4680473</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="875" sha1="plxratdj6tn04bqtsmt0jdx02o1ktvw" xml:space="preserve">Force is defines as a physical quantity that acts on an object to perform a task . For example, strength topush or pull a cart to set it in motion . Force has a symbol '''F''' and measured in unit Newton (N) hay (Kg m /s&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;)

==Types of Force==
:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=100%
! Force !! Formula
|-
| [[Gravity Force]] || &lt;math&gt;F_g = G \frac{mM}{r^2}&lt;/math&gt;
|-
| [[Motion Force]] || &lt;math&gt;F_a = m a = \frac{mv}{t} = \frac{p}{t}&lt;/math&gt;
|-
| [[Elastic Force]] || &lt;math&gt;F_s = F &lt;/math&gt;&lt;br&gt; &lt;math&gt;-kx = m \frac{d^2x}{dt^2} &lt;/math&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;math&gt;-ky = m \frac{d^2y}{dt^2} &lt;/math&gt;
|-
| [[Electrostatic Force]] || &lt;math&gt;F_Q = K \frac{Q_+ Q_-}{r^2}&lt;/math&gt;
|-
| [[Electromotive Force]] || &lt;math&gt;F_E = Q E&lt;/math&gt;
|-
| [[ElectromoMagnetomotive Force]] || &lt;math&gt;F_B = \pm Q vB&lt;/math&gt;
|-
| [[ElectroMagnetic Force]] || &lt;math&gt;F_EB = F_E + F_B = Q (E \pm vB)&lt;/math&gt;
|-
|}

{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>plxratdj6tn04bqtsmt0jdx02o1ktvw</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4680474</id>
      <parentid>4680473</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T16:46:54Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-59225-07</username>
        <id>3630623</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4680474</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="876" sha1="61zomx8we5oygpqpcwfu9qlorsftcb0" xml:space="preserve">Force is defines as a physical quantity that acts on an object to perform a task . For example, strength to push or pull a cart to set it in motion . Force has a symbol '''F''' and measured in unit Newton (N) hay (Kg m /s&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;)

==Types of Force==
:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=100%
! Force !! Formula
|-
| [[Gravity Force]] || &lt;math&gt;F_g = G \frac{mM}{r^2}&lt;/math&gt;
|-
| [[Motion Force]] || &lt;math&gt;F_a = m a = \frac{mv}{t} = \frac{p}{t}&lt;/math&gt;
|-
| [[Elastic Force]] || &lt;math&gt;F_s = F &lt;/math&gt;&lt;br&gt; &lt;math&gt;-kx = m \frac{d^2x}{dt^2} &lt;/math&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;math&gt;-ky = m \frac{d^2y}{dt^2} &lt;/math&gt;
|-
| [[Electrostatic Force]] || &lt;math&gt;F_Q = K \frac{Q_+ Q_-}{r^2}&lt;/math&gt;
|-
| [[Electromotive Force]] || &lt;math&gt;F_E = Q E&lt;/math&gt;
|-
| [[ElectromoMagnetomotive Force]] || &lt;math&gt;F_B = \pm Q vB&lt;/math&gt;
|-
| [[ElectroMagnetic Force]] || &lt;math&gt;F_EB = F_E + F_B = Q (E \pm vB)&lt;/math&gt;
|-
|}

{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>61zomx8we5oygpqpcwfu9qlorsftcb0</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4680475</id>
      <parentid>4680474</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T16:47:30Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-59225-07</username>
        <id>3630623</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4680475</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="917" sha1="dxu2y7ye5qyjxr2kwe5vy5qfiup8gix" xml:space="preserve">Force is defines as a physical quantity that acts on an object to perform a task . For example, strength to push or pull a cart to set it in motion . Force has a symbol '''F''' and measured in unit Newton (N) hay (Kg m /s&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;)

==Types of Force==
:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=100%
! Force !! Formula
|-
| [[Gravity Force]] || &lt;math&gt;F_g = G \frac{mM}{r^2}&lt;/math&gt;
|-
| [[Motion Force]] || &lt;math&gt;F_a = m a = \frac{mv}{t} = \frac{p}{t}&lt;/math&gt;
|-
| [[Elastic Force]] || &lt;math&gt;F_s = F &lt;/math&gt;&lt;br&gt; &lt;math&gt;-kx = m \frac{d^2x}{dt^2} &lt;/math&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;math&gt;-ky = m \frac{d^2y}{dt^2} &lt;/math&gt;
|-
| [[Electrostatic Force]] || &lt;math&gt;F_Q = K \frac{Q_+ Q_-}{r^2}&lt;/math&gt;
|-
| [[Electromotive Force]] || &lt;math&gt;F_E = Q E&lt;/math&gt;
|-
| [[ElectromoMagnetomotive Force]] || &lt;math&gt;F_B = \pm Q vB&lt;/math&gt;
|-
| [[ElectroMagnetic Force]] || &lt;math&gt;F_EB = F_E + F_B = Q (E \pm vB)&lt;/math&gt;
|-
|}

==Newton's laws==


==Force and motion==
{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>dxu2y7ye5qyjxr2kwe5vy5qfiup8gix</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4680476</id>
      <parentid>4680475</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T16:50:30Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-59225-07</username>
        <id>3630623</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4680476</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="918" sha1="nu8x7oulztehdac2tol47uyuqelqvbl" xml:space="preserve">Force is defines as a physical quantity that acts on an object to perform a task . For example, strength to push or pull a cart to set it in motion . Force has a symbol '''F''' and measured in unit Newton (N) hay (Kg m /s&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;)

==Types of Force==
:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=100%
! Force !! Formula
|-
| [[Gravity Force]] || &lt;math&gt;F_g = G \frac{mM}{r^2}&lt;/math&gt;
|-
| [[Motion Force]] || &lt;math&gt;F_a = m a = \frac{mv}{t} = \frac{p}{t}&lt;/math&gt;
|-
| [[Elastic Force]] || &lt;math&gt;F_s = F &lt;/math&gt;&lt;br&gt; &lt;math&gt;-kx = m \frac{d^2x}{dt^2} &lt;/math&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;math&gt;-ky = m \frac{d^2y}{dt^2} &lt;/math&gt;
|-
| [[Electrostatic Force]] || &lt;math&gt;F_Q = K \frac{Q_+ Q_-}{r^2}&lt;/math&gt;
|-
| [[Electromotive Force]] || &lt;math&gt;F_E = Q E&lt;/math&gt;
|-
| [[ElectromoMagnetomotive Force]] || &lt;math&gt;F_B = \pm Q vB&lt;/math&gt;
|-
| [[ElectroMagnetic Force]] || &lt;math&gt;F_EB = F_E + F_B = Q (E \pm vB)&lt;/math&gt;
|-
|}


==Newton's laws==


==Force and motion==
{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>nu8x7oulztehdac2tol47uyuqelqvbl</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4680477</id>
      <parentid>4680476</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T16:51:36Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-59225-07</username>
        <id>3630623</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4680477</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="960" sha1="jazakprvsen4pmocnqpxu18hmh0iaqb" xml:space="preserve">Force is defines as a physical quantity that acts on an object to perform a task . For example, strength to push or pull a cart to set it in motion . Force has a symbol '''F''' and measured in unit Newton (N) hay (Kg m /s&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;)

==Characteristics==
: &lt;math&gt;F = ma&lt;/math&gt;
==Types of Force==
:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=100%
! Force !! Formula
|-
| [[Gravity Force]] || &lt;math&gt;F_g = G \frac{mM}{r^2}&lt;/math&gt;
|-
| [[Motion Force]] || &lt;math&gt;F_a = m a = \frac{mv}{t} = \frac{p}{t}&lt;/math&gt;
|-
| [[Elastic Force]] || &lt;math&gt;F_s = F &lt;/math&gt;&lt;br&gt; &lt;math&gt;-kx = m \frac{d^2x}{dt^2} &lt;/math&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;math&gt;-ky = m \frac{d^2y}{dt^2} &lt;/math&gt;
|-
| [[Electrostatic Force]] || &lt;math&gt;F_Q = K \frac{Q_+ Q_-}{r^2}&lt;/math&gt;
|-
| [[Electromotive Force]] || &lt;math&gt;F_E = Q E&lt;/math&gt;
|-
| [[ElectromoMagnetomotive Force]] || &lt;math&gt;F_B = \pm Q vB&lt;/math&gt;
|-
| [[ElectroMagnetic Force]] || &lt;math&gt;F_EB = F_E + F_B = Q (E \pm vB)&lt;/math&gt;
|-
|}


==Newton's laws==


==Force and motion==
{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>jazakprvsen4pmocnqpxu18hmh0iaqb</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4680478</id>
      <parentid>4680477</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T16:52:27Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-59225-07</username>
        <id>3630623</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4680478</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="990" sha1="4brj7a6bcl5s6ofw7459jsspe067vsn" xml:space="preserve">Force is defines as a physical quantity that acts on an object to perform a task . For example, strength to push or pull a cart to set it in motion . Force has a symbol '''F''' and measured in unit Newton (N) hay (Kg m /s&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;)

==Characteristics==
: &lt;math&gt;F = ma = m \frac{v}{t} = \frac{p}{t}&lt;/math&gt;
==Types of Force==
:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=100%
! Force !! Formula
|-
| [[Gravity Force]] || &lt;math&gt;F_g = G \frac{mM}{r^2}&lt;/math&gt;
|-
| [[Motion Force]] || &lt;math&gt;F_a = m a = \frac{mv}{t} = \frac{p}{t}&lt;/math&gt;
|-
| [[Elastic Force]] || &lt;math&gt;F_s = F &lt;/math&gt;&lt;br&gt; &lt;math&gt;-kx = m \frac{d^2x}{dt^2} &lt;/math&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;math&gt;-ky = m \frac{d^2y}{dt^2} &lt;/math&gt;
|-
| [[Electrostatic Force]] || &lt;math&gt;F_Q = K \frac{Q_+ Q_-}{r^2}&lt;/math&gt;
|-
| [[Electromotive Force]] || &lt;math&gt;F_E = Q E&lt;/math&gt;
|-
| [[ElectromoMagnetomotive Force]] || &lt;math&gt;F_B = \pm Q vB&lt;/math&gt;
|-
| [[ElectroMagnetic Force]] || &lt;math&gt;F_EB = F_E + F_B = Q (E \pm vB)&lt;/math&gt;
|-
|}


==Newton's laws==


==Force and motion==
{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>4brj7a6bcl5s6ofw7459jsspe067vsn</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4680479</id>
      <parentid>4680478</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T16:53:24Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-59225-07</username>
        <id>3630623</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4680479</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1121" sha1="3rxy1ae6qlpwzcci2nyxcj6mlq9dulu" xml:space="preserve">Force is defines as a physical quantity that acts on an object to perform a task . For example, strength to push or pull a cart to set it in motion . Force has a symbol '''F''' and measured in unit Newton (N) hay (Kg m /s&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;)


==Characteristics==
Force has a symbol '''F''' and measured in unit Newton (N) hay (Kg m /s&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;) and can be calculate by Newton's second law

: &lt;math&gt;F = ma = m \frac{v}{t} = \frac{p}{t}&lt;/math&gt;
==Types of Force==
:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=100%
! Force !! Formula
|-
| [[Gravity Force]] || &lt;math&gt;F_g = G \frac{mM}{r^2}&lt;/math&gt;
|-
| [[Motion Force]] || &lt;math&gt;F_a = m a = \frac{mv}{t} = \frac{p}{t}&lt;/math&gt;
|-
| [[Elastic Force]] || &lt;math&gt;F_s = F &lt;/math&gt;&lt;br&gt; &lt;math&gt;-kx = m \frac{d^2x}{dt^2} &lt;/math&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;math&gt;-ky = m \frac{d^2y}{dt^2} &lt;/math&gt;
|-
| [[Electrostatic Force]] || &lt;math&gt;F_Q = K \frac{Q_+ Q_-}{r^2}&lt;/math&gt;
|-
| [[Electromotive Force]] || &lt;math&gt;F_E = Q E&lt;/math&gt;
|-
| [[ElectromoMagnetomotive Force]] || &lt;math&gt;F_B = \pm Q vB&lt;/math&gt;
|-
| [[ElectroMagnetic Force]] || &lt;math&gt;F_EB = F_E + F_B = Q (E \pm vB)&lt;/math&gt;
|-
|}


==Newton's laws==


==Force and motion==
{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>3rxy1ae6qlpwzcci2nyxcj6mlq9dulu</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4680480</id>
      <parentid>4680479</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T16:55:47Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-59225-07</username>
        <id>3630623</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Characteristics */</comment>
      <origin>4680480</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1235" sha1="0y1t8ka7hf5exlej9wvseac97a7x43d" xml:space="preserve">Force is defines as a physical quantity that acts on an object to perform a task . For example, strength to push or pull a cart to set it in motion . Force has a symbol '''F''' and measured in unit Newton (N) hay (Kg m /s&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;)


==Characteristics==
Force has a symbol '''F''' and measured in unit Newton (N) hay (Kg m /s&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;) and can be calculate by Newton's second law

: &lt;math&gt;F = ma = m \frac{v}{t} = \frac{p}{t}&lt;/math&gt;

==Work and Energy of Force==
: &lt;math&gt;W = Fs = F v t = p v &lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;E = \frac{W}{t}  = F v  = p a &lt;/math&gt;

==Types of Force==
:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=100%
! Force !! Formula
|-
| [[Gravity Force]] || &lt;math&gt;F_g = G \frac{mM}{r^2}&lt;/math&gt;
|-
| [[Motion Force]] || &lt;math&gt;F_a = m a = \frac{mv}{t} = \frac{p}{t}&lt;/math&gt;
|-
| [[Elastic Force]] || &lt;math&gt;F_s = F &lt;/math&gt;&lt;br&gt; &lt;math&gt;-kx = m \frac{d^2x}{dt^2} &lt;/math&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;math&gt;-ky = m \frac{d^2y}{dt^2} &lt;/math&gt;
|-
| [[Electrostatic Force]] || &lt;math&gt;F_Q = K \frac{Q_+ Q_-}{r^2}&lt;/math&gt;
|-
| [[Electromotive Force]] || &lt;math&gt;F_E = Q E&lt;/math&gt;
|-
| [[ElectromoMagnetomotive Force]] || &lt;math&gt;F_B = \pm Q vB&lt;/math&gt;
|-
| [[ElectroMagnetic Force]] || &lt;math&gt;F_EB = F_E + F_B = Q (E \pm vB)&lt;/math&gt;
|-
|}


==Newton's laws==


==Force and motion==
{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>0y1t8ka7hf5exlej9wvseac97a7x43d</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4680483</id>
      <parentid>4680480</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T16:56:30Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-59225-07</username>
        <id>3630623</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4680483</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1250" sha1="b30s754nsynb4j2jpmv2oppjpiu8xkm" xml:space="preserve">Force is defines as a physical quantity that acts on an object to perform a task . For example, strength to push or pull a cart to set it in motion . Force has a symbol '''F''' and measured in unit Newton (N) hay (Kg m /s&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;)

==Symbol and Measurement of Force==
Force has a symbol '''F''' and measured in unit Newton (N) hay (Kg m /s&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;) and can be calculate by Newton's second law

: &lt;math&gt;F = ma = m \frac{v}{t} = \frac{p}{t}&lt;/math&gt;

==Work and Energy of Force==
: &lt;math&gt;W = Fs = F v t = p v &lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;E = \frac{W}{t}  = F v  = p a &lt;/math&gt;

==Types of Force==
:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=100%
! Force !! Formula
|-
| [[Gravity Force]] || &lt;math&gt;F_g = G \frac{mM}{r^2}&lt;/math&gt;
|-
| [[Motion Force]] || &lt;math&gt;F_a = m a = \frac{mv}{t} = \frac{p}{t}&lt;/math&gt;
|-
| [[Elastic Force]] || &lt;math&gt;F_s = F &lt;/math&gt;&lt;br&gt; &lt;math&gt;-kx = m \frac{d^2x}{dt^2} &lt;/math&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;math&gt;-ky = m \frac{d^2y}{dt^2} &lt;/math&gt;
|-
| [[Electrostatic Force]] || &lt;math&gt;F_Q = K \frac{Q_+ Q_-}{r^2}&lt;/math&gt;
|-
| [[Electromotive Force]] || &lt;math&gt;F_E = Q E&lt;/math&gt;
|-
| [[ElectromoMagnetomotive Force]] || &lt;math&gt;F_B = \pm Q vB&lt;/math&gt;
|-
| [[ElectroMagnetic Force]] || &lt;math&gt;F_EB = F_E + F_B = Q (E \pm vB)&lt;/math&gt;
|-
|}


==Newton's laws==


==Force and motion==
{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>b30s754nsynb4j2jpmv2oppjpiu8xkm</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4680486</id>
      <parentid>4680483</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T16:58:28Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-59225-07</username>
        <id>3630623</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4680486</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1260" sha1="8su64xceazbditjuc8oke6l99zb9u8j" xml:space="preserve">Force is defines as a physical quantity that acts on an object to perform a task . For example, strength to push or pull a cart to set it in motion . Force has a symbol '''F''' and measured in unit Newton (N) hay (Kg m /s&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;)

==Symbol , Measurement and formula of Force==
Force has a symbol '''F''' and measured in unit Newton (N) hay (Kg m /s&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;) and can be calculate by Newton's second law

: &lt;math&gt;F = ma = m \frac{v}{t} = \frac{p}{t}&lt;/math&gt;

==Work and Energy of Force==
: &lt;math&gt;W = Fs = F v t = p v &lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;E = \frac{W}{t}  = F v  = p a &lt;/math&gt;

==Types of Force==
:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=100%
! Force !! Formula
|-
| [[Gravity Force]] || &lt;math&gt;F_g = G \frac{mM}{r^2}&lt;/math&gt;
|-
| [[Motion Force]] || &lt;math&gt;F_a = m a = \frac{mv}{t} = \frac{p}{t}&lt;/math&gt;
|-
| [[Elastic Force]] || &lt;math&gt;F_s = F &lt;/math&gt;&lt;br&gt; &lt;math&gt;-kx = m \frac{d^2x}{dt^2} &lt;/math&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;math&gt;-ky = m \frac{d^2y}{dt^2} &lt;/math&gt;
|-
| [[Electrostatic Force]] || &lt;math&gt;F_Q = K \frac{Q_+ Q_-}{r^2}&lt;/math&gt;
|-
| [[Electromotive Force]] || &lt;math&gt;F_E = Q E&lt;/math&gt;
|-
| [[ElectromoMagnetomotive Force]] || &lt;math&gt;F_B = \pm Q vB&lt;/math&gt;
|-
| [[ElectroMagnetic Force]] || &lt;math&gt;F_EB = F_E + F_B = Q (E \pm vB)&lt;/math&gt;
|-
|}


==Newton's laws==


==Force and motion==
{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>8su64xceazbditjuc8oke6l99zb9u8j</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4680487</id>
      <parentid>4680486</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T16:58:40Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-59225-07</username>
        <id>3630623</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4680487</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1260" sha1="m2hh68na1awopm2e6g5b4v8usjp7fk9" xml:space="preserve">Force is defines as a physical quantity that acts on an object to perform a task . For example, strength to push or pull a cart to set it in motion . Force has a symbol '''F''' and measured in unit Newton (N) hay (Kg m /s&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;)

==Symbol , Measurement and Formula of Force==
Force has a symbol '''F''' and measured in unit Newton (N) hay (Kg m /s&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;) and can be calculate by Newton's second law

: &lt;math&gt;F = ma = m \frac{v}{t} = \frac{p}{t}&lt;/math&gt;

==Work and Energy of Force==
: &lt;math&gt;W = Fs = F v t = p v &lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;E = \frac{W}{t}  = F v  = p a &lt;/math&gt;

==Types of Force==
:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=100%
! Force !! Formula
|-
| [[Gravity Force]] || &lt;math&gt;F_g = G \frac{mM}{r^2}&lt;/math&gt;
|-
| [[Motion Force]] || &lt;math&gt;F_a = m a = \frac{mv}{t} = \frac{p}{t}&lt;/math&gt;
|-
| [[Elastic Force]] || &lt;math&gt;F_s = F &lt;/math&gt;&lt;br&gt; &lt;math&gt;-kx = m \frac{d^2x}{dt^2} &lt;/math&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;math&gt;-ky = m \frac{d^2y}{dt^2} &lt;/math&gt;
|-
| [[Electrostatic Force]] || &lt;math&gt;F_Q = K \frac{Q_+ Q_-}{r^2}&lt;/math&gt;
|-
| [[Electromotive Force]] || &lt;math&gt;F_E = Q E&lt;/math&gt;
|-
| [[ElectromoMagnetomotive Force]] || &lt;math&gt;F_B = \pm Q vB&lt;/math&gt;
|-
| [[ElectroMagnetic Force]] || &lt;math&gt;F_EB = F_E + F_B = Q (E \pm vB)&lt;/math&gt;
|-
|}


==Newton's laws==


==Force and motion==
{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>m2hh68na1awopm2e6g5b4v8usjp7fk9</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4680489</id>
      <parentid>4680487</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T17:00:13Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Pristome</username>
        <id>3519119</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4680489</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1263" sha1="nujkenqrlvbtljqwbz51rbyn22oscuz" xml:space="preserve">'''Force''' is defined as a physical quantity that acts on an object to perform a task. For example, strength to push or pull a cart to set it in motion. Force has a symbol '''F''' and measured in unit Newton (N) hay (Kg m/s&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;).

==Symbol, Measurement and Formula of Force==
Force has a symbol '''F''' and measured in unit Newton (N) hay (Kg m /s&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;) and can be calculate by Newton's second law

: &lt;math&gt;F = ma = m \frac{v}{t} = \frac{p}{t}&lt;/math&gt;

==Work and Energy of Force==
: &lt;math&gt;W = Fs = F v t = p v &lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;E = \frac{W}{t}  = F v  = p a &lt;/math&gt;

==Types of Force==
:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=100%
! Force !! Formula
|-
| [[Gravity Force]] || &lt;math&gt;F_g = G \frac{mM}{r^2}&lt;/math&gt;
|-
| [[Motion Force]] || &lt;math&gt;F_a = m a = \frac{mv}{t} = \frac{p}{t}&lt;/math&gt;
|-
| [[Elastic Force]] || &lt;math&gt;F_s = F &lt;/math&gt;&lt;br&gt; &lt;math&gt;-kx = m \frac{d^2x}{dt^2} &lt;/math&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;math&gt;-ky = m \frac{d^2y}{dt^2} &lt;/math&gt;
|-
| [[Electrostatic Force]] || &lt;math&gt;F_Q = K \frac{Q_+ Q_-}{r^2}&lt;/math&gt;
|-
| [[Electromotive Force]] || &lt;math&gt;F_E = Q E&lt;/math&gt;
|-
| [[ElectromoMagnetomotive Force]] || &lt;math&gt;F_B = \pm Q vB&lt;/math&gt;
|-
| [[ElectroMagnetic Force]] || &lt;math&gt;F_EB = F_E + F_B = Q (E \pm vB)&lt;/math&gt;
|-
|}


==Newton's laws==


==Force and motion==
{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>nujkenqrlvbtljqwbz51rbyn22oscuz</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4680491</id>
      <parentid>4680489</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T17:01:03Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-59225-07</username>
        <id>3630623</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4680491</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1176" sha1="rbrf9gty6isuf6ylp82ukhrkfk4jgh7" xml:space="preserve">'''Force''' is defined as a physical quantity that acts on an object to perform a task. For example, strength to push or pull a cart to set it in motion

==Symbol, Measurement and Formula of Force==
Force has a symbol '''F''' and measured in unit Newton (N) hay (Kg m /s&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;) and can be calculate by Newton's second law
: &lt;math&gt;F = ma = m \frac{v}{t} = \frac{p}{t}&lt;/math&gt;

==Work and Energy of Force==
: &lt;math&gt;W = Fs = F v t = p v &lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;E = \frac{W}{t}  = F v  = p a &lt;/math&gt;

==Types of Force==
:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=100%
! Force !! Formula
|-
| [[Gravity Force]] || &lt;math&gt;F_g = G \frac{mM}{r^2}&lt;/math&gt;
|-
| [[Motion Force]] || &lt;math&gt;F_a = m a = \frac{mv}{t} = \frac{p}{t}&lt;/math&gt;
|-
| [[Elastic Force]] || &lt;math&gt;F_s = F &lt;/math&gt;&lt;br&gt; &lt;math&gt;-kx = m \frac{d^2x}{dt^2} &lt;/math&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;math&gt;-ky = m \frac{d^2y}{dt^2} &lt;/math&gt;
|-
| [[Electrostatic Force]] || &lt;math&gt;F_Q = K \frac{Q_+ Q_-}{r^2}&lt;/math&gt;
|-
| [[Electromotive Force]] || &lt;math&gt;F_E = Q E&lt;/math&gt;
|-
| [[ElectromoMagnetomotive Force]] || &lt;math&gt;F_B = \pm Q vB&lt;/math&gt;
|-
| [[ElectroMagnetic Force]] || &lt;math&gt;F_EB = F_E + F_B = Q (E \pm vB)&lt;/math&gt;
|-
|}


==Newton's laws==


==Force and motion==
{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>rbrf9gty6isuf6ylp82ukhrkfk4jgh7</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4680493</id>
      <parentid>4680491</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T17:03:09Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-59225-07</username>
        <id>3630623</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Types of Force */</comment>
      <origin>4680493</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2199" sha1="7lmwrqipp3kapj8j8dktw2vbd15vlny" xml:space="preserve">'''Force''' is defined as a physical quantity that acts on an object to perform a task. For example, strength to push or pull a cart to set it in motion

==Symbol, Measurement and Formula of Force==
Force has a symbol '''F''' and measured in unit Newton (N) hay (Kg m /s&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;) and can be calculate by Newton's second law
: &lt;math&gt;F = ma = m \frac{v}{t} = \frac{p}{t}&lt;/math&gt;

==Work and Energy of Force==
: &lt;math&gt;W = Fs = F v t = p v &lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;E = \frac{W}{t}  = F v  = p a &lt;/math&gt;

==Types of Force==
:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=100%
! Force !! Formula
|-
| [[Gravity Force]] || &lt;math&gt;F_g = G \frac{mM}{r^2}&lt;/math&gt;
|-
| [[Motion Force]] || &lt;math&gt;F_a = m a = \frac{mv}{t} = \frac{p}{t}&lt;/math&gt;
|-
| [[Elastic Force]] || &lt;math&gt;F_s = F &lt;/math&gt;&lt;br&gt; &lt;math&gt;-kx = m \frac{d^2x}{dt^2} &lt;/math&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;math&gt;-ky = m \frac{d^2y}{dt^2} &lt;/math&gt;
|-
| [[Electrostatic Force]] || &lt;math&gt;F_Q = K \frac{Q_+ Q_-}{r^2}&lt;/math&gt;
|-
| [[Electromotive Force]] || &lt;math&gt;F_E = Q E&lt;/math&gt;
|-
| [[ElectromoMagnetomotive Force]] || &lt;math&gt;F_B = \pm Q vB&lt;/math&gt;
|-
| [[ElectroMagnetic Force]] || &lt;math&gt;F_EB = F_E + F_B = Q (E \pm vB)&lt;/math&gt;
|-
|}

==Tổng kết==
:{|Width=100%
|-
| '''Dạng lực ''' || '''Công thức '''
|-
| [[/Động lực/]] || &lt;math&gt;F_p = m \frac{v}{t} = \frac{p}{t}&lt;/math&gt;
|-
| [[/Trọng lực/]] || &lt;math&gt;F_g = m g = m \frac{MG}{h^2}&lt;/math&gt;
|-
| [[/Phản lực/]] || &lt;math&gt;F_- = -F&lt;/math&gt;
|-
| [[/Áp lực/]] || &lt;math&gt;F_A = \frac{F}{A}&lt;/math&gt;
|-
| [[/Lực ma sát/]] || &lt;math&gt;F_{\mu} = \mu F_N&lt;/math&gt;
|-
| [[/Lực đàn hồi/]]  || &lt;math&gt;F_x = -k x&lt;/math&gt; &lt;br&gt; &lt;math&gt;F_y = -k y&lt;/math&gt; &lt;br&gt;  &lt;math&gt;F_\theta = -k \theta&lt;/math&gt;                 
|-
| [[/Lực ly tâm/]] || &lt;math&gt;F_v = m \frac{v^2}{r} = p v  r&lt;/math&gt;   
|-
| [[/Lực hướng tâm/]] || &lt;math&gt;F_r = m v r = p r&lt;/math&gt;  
|-
| [[/Lực Ampere/]] || &lt;math&gt;F_E = Q E&lt;/math&gt;  
|-
| [[/Lực Coulomb/]] || &lt;math&gt;F_Q = K \frac{Q_+ Q_-}{r^2}&lt;/math&gt;  
|-
| [[/Lực Lorentz/]] || &lt;math&gt;F_B = \pm Q v B&lt;/math&gt;  
|-
| [[/Lực điện từ/]] || &lt;math&gt;F_{EB} = F_E + F_B = Q(E\pm  v B)&lt;/math&gt;  
|-
| [[/Lực tương tác yếu/]] || 
|-
| [[/Lực tương tác mạnh/]] || 
|-
|}

==Newton's laws==


==Force and motion==
{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>7lmwrqipp3kapj8j8dktw2vbd15vlny</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4680494</id>
      <parentid>4680493</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T17:03:59Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-59225-07</username>
        <id>3630623</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Tổng kết */</comment>
      <origin>4680494</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2218" sha1="3vzxc7yd3dm80pocyg0qvoans38wlmx" xml:space="preserve">'''Force''' is defined as a physical quantity that acts on an object to perform a task. For example, strength to push or pull a cart to set it in motion

==Symbol, Measurement and Formula of Force==
Force has a symbol '''F''' and measured in unit Newton (N) hay (Kg m /s&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;) and can be calculate by Newton's second law
: &lt;math&gt;F = ma = m \frac{v}{t} = \frac{p}{t}&lt;/math&gt;

==Work and Energy of Force==
: &lt;math&gt;W = Fs = F v t = p v &lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;E = \frac{W}{t}  = F v  = p a &lt;/math&gt;

==Types of Force==
:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=100%
! Force !! Formula
|-
| [[Gravity Force]] || &lt;math&gt;F_g = G \frac{mM}{r^2}&lt;/math&gt;
|-
| [[Motion Force]] || &lt;math&gt;F_a = m a = \frac{mv}{t} = \frac{p}{t}&lt;/math&gt;
|-
| [[Elastic Force]] || &lt;math&gt;F_s = F &lt;/math&gt;&lt;br&gt; &lt;math&gt;-kx = m \frac{d^2x}{dt^2} &lt;/math&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;math&gt;-ky = m \frac{d^2y}{dt^2} &lt;/math&gt;
|-
| [[Electrostatic Force]] || &lt;math&gt;F_Q = K \frac{Q_+ Q_-}{r^2}&lt;/math&gt;
|-
| [[Electromotive Force]] || &lt;math&gt;F_E = Q E&lt;/math&gt;
|-
| [[ElectromoMagnetomotive Force]] || &lt;math&gt;F_B = \pm Q vB&lt;/math&gt;
|-
| [[ElectroMagnetic Force]] || &lt;math&gt;F_EB = F_E + F_B = Q (E \pm vB)&lt;/math&gt;
|-
|}

==Co^ng thu+'c to^?ng qua't lu+.c==
:{|Width=100%
|-
| '''Dạng lực ''' || '''Công thức '''
|-
| [[/Động lực/]] || &lt;math&gt;F_p = m \frac{v}{t} = \frac{p}{t}&lt;/math&gt;
|-
| [[/Trọng lực/]] || &lt;math&gt;F_g = m g = m \frac{MG}{h^2}&lt;/math&gt;
|-
| [[/Phản lực/]] || &lt;math&gt;F_- = -F&lt;/math&gt;
|-
| [[/Áp lực/]] || &lt;math&gt;F_A = \frac{F}{A}&lt;/math&gt;
|-
| [[/Lực ma sát/]] || &lt;math&gt;F_{\mu} = \mu F_N&lt;/math&gt;
|-
| [[/Lực đàn hồi/]]  || &lt;math&gt;F_x = -k x&lt;/math&gt; &lt;br&gt; &lt;math&gt;F_y = -k y&lt;/math&gt; &lt;br&gt;  &lt;math&gt;F_\theta = -k \theta&lt;/math&gt;                 
|-
| [[/Lực ly tâm/]] || &lt;math&gt;F_v = m \frac{v^2}{r} = p v  r&lt;/math&gt;   
|-
| [[/Lực hướng tâm/]] || &lt;math&gt;F_r = m v r = p r&lt;/math&gt;  
|-
| [[/Lực Ampere/]] || &lt;math&gt;F_E = Q E&lt;/math&gt;  
|-
| [[/Lực Coulomb/]] || &lt;math&gt;F_Q = K \frac{Q_+ Q_-}{r^2}&lt;/math&gt;  
|-
| [[/Lực Lorentz/]] || &lt;math&gt;F_B = \pm Q v B&lt;/math&gt;  
|-
| [[/Lực điện từ/]] || &lt;math&gt;F_{EB} = F_E + F_B = Q(E\pm  v B)&lt;/math&gt;  
|-
| [[/Lực tương tác yếu/]] || 
|-
| [[/Lực tương tác mạnh/]] || 
|-
|}

==Newton's laws==


==Force and motion==
{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>3vzxc7yd3dm80pocyg0qvoans38wlmx</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4680495</id>
      <parentid>4680494</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T17:05:15Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-59225-07</username>
        <id>3630623</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Newton's laws */</comment>
      <origin>4680495</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2222" sha1="tg9giw6qzob583yus4wni5092qi0m6q" xml:space="preserve">'''Force''' is defined as a physical quantity that acts on an object to perform a task. For example, strength to push or pull a cart to set it in motion

==Symbol, Measurement and Formula of Force==
Force has a symbol '''F''' and measured in unit Newton (N) hay (Kg m /s&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;) and can be calculate by Newton's second law
: &lt;math&gt;F = ma = m \frac{v}{t} = \frac{p}{t}&lt;/math&gt;

==Work and Energy of Force==
: &lt;math&gt;W = Fs = F v t = p v &lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;E = \frac{W}{t}  = F v  = p a &lt;/math&gt;

==Types of Force==
:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=100%
! Force !! Formula
|-
| [[Gravity Force]] || &lt;math&gt;F_g = G \frac{mM}{r^2}&lt;/math&gt;
|-
| [[Motion Force]] || &lt;math&gt;F_a = m a = \frac{mv}{t} = \frac{p}{t}&lt;/math&gt;
|-
| [[Elastic Force]] || &lt;math&gt;F_s = F &lt;/math&gt;&lt;br&gt; &lt;math&gt;-kx = m \frac{d^2x}{dt^2} &lt;/math&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;math&gt;-ky = m \frac{d^2y}{dt^2} &lt;/math&gt;
|-
| [[Electrostatic Force]] || &lt;math&gt;F_Q = K \frac{Q_+ Q_-}{r^2}&lt;/math&gt;
|-
| [[Electromotive Force]] || &lt;math&gt;F_E = Q E&lt;/math&gt;
|-
| [[ElectromoMagnetomotive Force]] || &lt;math&gt;F_B = \pm Q vB&lt;/math&gt;
|-
| [[ElectroMagnetic Force]] || &lt;math&gt;F_EB = F_E + F_B = Q (E \pm vB)&lt;/math&gt;
|-
|}

==Co^ng thu+'c to^?ng qua't lu+.c==
:{|Width=100%
|-
| '''Dạng lực ''' || '''Công thức '''
|-
| [[/Động lực/]] || &lt;math&gt;F_p = m \frac{v}{t} = \frac{p}{t}&lt;/math&gt;
|-
| [[/Trọng lực/]] || &lt;math&gt;F_g = m g = m \frac{MG}{h^2}&lt;/math&gt;
|-
| [[/Phản lực/]] || &lt;math&gt;F_- = -F&lt;/math&gt;
|-
| [[/Áp lực/]] || &lt;math&gt;F_A = \frac{F}{A}&lt;/math&gt;
|-
| [[/Lực ma sát/]] || &lt;math&gt;F_{\mu} = \mu F_N&lt;/math&gt;
|-
| [[/Lực đàn hồi/]]  || &lt;math&gt;F_x = -k x&lt;/math&gt; &lt;br&gt; &lt;math&gt;F_y = -k y&lt;/math&gt; &lt;br&gt;  &lt;math&gt;F_\theta = -k \theta&lt;/math&gt;                 
|-
| [[/Lực ly tâm/]] || &lt;math&gt;F_v = m \frac{v^2}{r} = p v  r&lt;/math&gt;   
|-
| [[/Lực hướng tâm/]] || &lt;math&gt;F_r = m v r = p r&lt;/math&gt;  
|-
| [[/Lực Ampere/]] || &lt;math&gt;F_E = Q E&lt;/math&gt;  
|-
| [[/Lực Coulomb/]] || &lt;math&gt;F_Q = K \frac{Q_+ Q_-}{r^2}&lt;/math&gt;  
|-
| [[/Lực Lorentz/]] || &lt;math&gt;F_B = \pm Q v B&lt;/math&gt;  
|-
| [[/Lực điện từ/]] || &lt;math&gt;F_{EB} = F_E + F_B = Q(E\pm  v B)&lt;/math&gt;  
|-
| [[/Lực tương tác yếu/]] || 
|-
| [[/Lực tương tác mạnh/]] || 
|-
|}

==Newton's laws==
# 1.

==Force and motion==
{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>tg9giw6qzob583yus4wni5092qi0m6q</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4680496</id>
      <parentid>4680495</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T17:05:27Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Pristome</username>
        <id>3519119</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Removing content that is not written in the project's language</comment>
      <origin>4680496</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1179" sha1="04kfwhl02eqgkusnfdjkvbkstwodc5u" xml:space="preserve">'''Force''' is defined as a physical quantity that acts on an object to perform a task. For example, strength to push or pull a cart to set it in motion

==Symbol, Measurement and Formula of Force==
Force has a symbol '''F''' and measured in unit Newton (N) hay (Kg m /s&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;) and can be calculate by Newton's second law
: &lt;math&gt;F = ma = m \frac{v}{t} = \frac{p}{t}&lt;/math&gt;

==Work and Energy of Force==
: &lt;math&gt;W = Fs = F v t = p v &lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;E = \frac{W}{t}  = F v  = p a &lt;/math&gt;

==Types of Force==
:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=100%
! Force !! Formula
|-
| [[Gravity Force]] || &lt;math&gt;F_g = G \frac{mM}{r^2}&lt;/math&gt;
|-
| [[Motion Force]] || &lt;math&gt;F_a = m a = \frac{mv}{t} = \frac{p}{t}&lt;/math&gt;
|-
| [[Elastic Force]] || &lt;math&gt;F_s = F &lt;/math&gt;&lt;br&gt; &lt;math&gt;-kx = m \frac{d^2x}{dt^2} &lt;/math&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;math&gt;-ky = m \frac{d^2y}{dt^2} &lt;/math&gt;
|-
| [[Electrostatic Force]] || &lt;math&gt;F_Q = K \frac{Q_+ Q_-}{r^2}&lt;/math&gt;
|-
| [[Electromotive Force]] || &lt;math&gt;F_E = Q E&lt;/math&gt;
|-
| [[ElectromoMagnetomotive Force]] || &lt;math&gt;F_B = \pm Q vB&lt;/math&gt;
|-
| [[ElectroMagnetic Force]] || &lt;math&gt;F_EB = F_E + F_B = Q (E \pm vB)&lt;/math&gt;
|-
|}

==Newton's laws==
# 1.

==Force and motion==
{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>04kfwhl02eqgkusnfdjkvbkstwodc5u</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Engineering Handbook/Physics/Motion</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>251746</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4680449</id>
      <parentid>3438842</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T16:28:29Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-59225-07</username>
        <id>3630623</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4680449</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="669" sha1="4ijzfu4peycjur3xohl0zs4rrdbwbqs" xml:space="preserve">==Motion's characteristics==
:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=100%
! Motion !! Linear !! Non Linear
|-
| Speed || &lt;math&gt;v = \frac{s}{t}&lt;/math&gt; || v(t)
|-
| Acceleration || &lt;math&gt;a = \frac{v}{t}&lt;/math&gt; || &lt;math&gt;a =  \frac{dv(t)}{dt}&lt;/math&gt;
|-
| Distance || &lt;math&gt;S = v t = a t^2 &lt;/math&gt; || &lt;math&gt;s = \int v(t) dt&lt;/math&gt;
|-
| Force || &lt;math&gt;F = ma = \frac{mv}{t} = \frac{p}{t}&lt;/math&gt; || &lt;math&gt;a =  m \frac{dv(t)}{dt}&lt;/math&gt;
|-
| Work || &lt;math&gt;W = F s = F v t = p v &lt;/math&gt; || &lt;math&gt;F \int v(t) dt&lt;/math&gt;
|-
| Energy || &lt;math&gt;E = \frac{W}{t} = F v = F a t = p a&lt;/math&gt; || &lt;math&gt;\frac{F}{t} \int v(t) dt&lt;/math&gt;
|-
|-
| Pressure || &lt;math&gt;a = \frac{F}{A}&lt;/math&gt; ||
|}

{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>4ijzfu4peycjur3xohl0zs4rrdbwbqs</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4680450</id>
      <parentid>4680449</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T16:29:31Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-59225-07</username>
        <id>3630623</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4680450</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="752" sha1="gctg8fzh7vo95x0xdkd2yh9g7jqnrj1" xml:space="preserve">==Motion's characteristics==
:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=100%
! Motion !! Linear !! Non Linear
|-
| Speed || &lt;math&gt;v&lt;/math&gt;  ||&lt;math&gt;v = \frac{s}{t}&lt;/math&gt; || v(t)
|-
| Acceleration || &lt;math&gt;v&lt;/math&gt; || &lt;math&gt;a = \frac{v}{t}&lt;/math&gt; || &lt;math&gt;a =  \frac{dv(t)}{dt}&lt;/math&gt;
|-
| Distance || &lt;math&gt;v&lt;/math&gt;  || &lt;math&gt;S = v t = a t^2 &lt;/math&gt; || &lt;math&gt;s = \int v(t) dt&lt;/math&gt;
|-
| Force || &lt;math&gt;v&lt;/math&gt;  || &lt;math&gt;F = ma = \frac{mv}{t} = \frac{p}{t}&lt;/math&gt; || &lt;math&gt;a =  m \frac{dv(t)}{dt}&lt;/math&gt;
|-
| Work || || &lt;math&gt;W = F s = F v t = p v &lt;/math&gt; || &lt;math&gt;F \int v(t) dt&lt;/math&gt;
|-
| Energy || || &lt;math&gt;E = \frac{W}{t} = F v = F a t = p a&lt;/math&gt; || &lt;math&gt;\frac{F}{t} \int v(t) dt&lt;/math&gt;
|-
|-
| Pressure || || &lt;math&gt;a = \frac{F}{A}&lt;/math&gt; ||
|}

{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>gctg8fzh7vo95x0xdkd2yh9g7jqnrj1</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4680451</id>
      <parentid>4680450</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T16:30:09Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-59225-07</username>
        <id>3630623</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4680451</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="781" sha1="rlom7br0ma5wiknt7nvfy42pmw0so68" xml:space="preserve">==Motion's characteristics==
:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=100%
! Motion !! Linear !! Non Linear
|-
| Speed || &lt;math&gt;v&lt;/math&gt;  ||&lt;math&gt;v = \frac{s}{t}&lt;/math&gt; || v(t)
|-
| Acceleration || &lt;math&gt;a&lt;/math&gt; || &lt;math&gt;a = \frac{v}{t}&lt;/math&gt; || &lt;math&gt;a =  \frac{dv(t)}{dt}&lt;/math&gt;
|-
| Distance || &lt;math&gt;s&lt;/math&gt;  || &lt;math&gt;S = v t = a t^2 &lt;/math&gt; || &lt;math&gt;s = \int v(t) dt&lt;/math&gt;
|-
| Force || &lt;math&gt;F&lt;/math&gt;  || &lt;math&gt;F = ma = \frac{mv}{t} = \frac{p}{t}&lt;/math&gt; || &lt;math&gt;a =  m \frac{dv(t)}{dt}&lt;/math&gt;
|-
| Work || &lt;math&gt;W&lt;/math&gt; || &lt;math&gt;W = F s = F v t = p v &lt;/math&gt; || &lt;math&gt;F \int v(t) dt&lt;/math&gt;
|-
| Energy ||&lt;math&gt;E&lt;/math&gt; || &lt;math&gt;E = \frac{W}{t} = F v = F a t = p a&lt;/math&gt; || &lt;math&gt;\frac{F}{t} \int v(t) dt&lt;/math&gt;
|-
|-
| Pressure || || &lt;math&gt;a = \frac{F}{A}&lt;/math&gt; ||
|}

{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>rlom7br0ma5wiknt7nvfy42pmw0so68</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4680452</id>
      <parentid>4680451</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T16:30:25Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-59225-07</username>
        <id>3630623</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4680452</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="729" sha1="ie35041whax8dagmb3m7j8w73tjnkjt" xml:space="preserve">==Motion's characteristics==
:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=100%
! Motion !! Linear !! Non Linear
|-
| Speed || &lt;math&gt;v&lt;/math&gt;  ||&lt;math&gt;v = \frac{s}{t}&lt;/math&gt; || v(t)
|-
| Acceleration || &lt;math&gt;a&lt;/math&gt; || &lt;math&gt;a = \frac{v}{t}&lt;/math&gt; || &lt;math&gt;a =  \frac{dv(t)}{dt}&lt;/math&gt;
|-
| Distance || &lt;math&gt;s&lt;/math&gt;  || &lt;math&gt;S = v t = a t^2 &lt;/math&gt; || &lt;math&gt;s = \int v(t) dt&lt;/math&gt;
|-
| Force || &lt;math&gt;F&lt;/math&gt;  || &lt;math&gt;F = ma = \frac{mv}{t} = \frac{p}{t}&lt;/math&gt; || &lt;math&gt;a =  m \frac{dv(t)}{dt}&lt;/math&gt;
|-
| Work || &lt;math&gt;W&lt;/math&gt; || &lt;math&gt;W = F s = F v t = p v &lt;/math&gt; || &lt;math&gt;F \int v(t) dt&lt;/math&gt;
|-
| Energy ||&lt;math&gt;E&lt;/math&gt; || &lt;math&gt;E = \frac{W}{t} = F v = F a t = p a&lt;/math&gt; || &lt;math&gt;\frac{F}{t} \int v(t) dt&lt;/math&gt;
|-
|}

{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>ie35041whax8dagmb3m7j8w73tjnkjt</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4680453</id>
      <parentid>4680452</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T16:31:29Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-59225-07</username>
        <id>3630623</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4680453</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="804" sha1="2t4jogrysmoxxsp5vf3irhl6ff23fe4" xml:space="preserve">Motion represents a movement of an object from one place to another place

==Motion's characteristics==
:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=100%
! Motion !! Linear !! Non Linear
|-
| Speed || &lt;math&gt;v&lt;/math&gt;  ||&lt;math&gt;v = \frac{s}{t}&lt;/math&gt; || v(t)
|-
| Acceleration || &lt;math&gt;a&lt;/math&gt; || &lt;math&gt;a = \frac{v}{t}&lt;/math&gt; || &lt;math&gt;a =  \frac{dv(t)}{dt}&lt;/math&gt;
|-
| Distance || &lt;math&gt;s&lt;/math&gt;  || &lt;math&gt;S = v t = a t^2 &lt;/math&gt; || &lt;math&gt;s = \int v(t) dt&lt;/math&gt;
|-
| Force || &lt;math&gt;F&lt;/math&gt;  || &lt;math&gt;F = ma = \frac{mv}{t} = \frac{p}{t}&lt;/math&gt; || &lt;math&gt;a =  m \frac{dv(t)}{dt}&lt;/math&gt;
|-
| Work || &lt;math&gt;W&lt;/math&gt; || &lt;math&gt;W = F s = F v t = p v &lt;/math&gt; || &lt;math&gt;F \int v(t) dt&lt;/math&gt;
|-
| Energy ||&lt;math&gt;E&lt;/math&gt; || &lt;math&gt;E = \frac{W}{t} = F v = F a t = p a&lt;/math&gt; || &lt;math&gt;\frac{F}{t} \int v(t) dt&lt;/math&gt;
|-
|}

{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>2t4jogrysmoxxsp5vf3irhl6ff23fe4</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4680454</id>
      <parentid>4680453</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T16:31:50Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-59225-07</username>
        <id>3630623</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4680454</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="837" sha1="t8dl4b0k5gmjzxmya1e0iv2omxgnp38" xml:space="preserve">Motion represents a movement of an object from one place to another place, from one place to another place

==Motion's characteristics==
:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=100%
! Motion !! Linear !! Non Linear
|-
| Speed || &lt;math&gt;v&lt;/math&gt;  ||&lt;math&gt;v = \frac{s}{t}&lt;/math&gt; || v(t)
|-
| Acceleration || &lt;math&gt;a&lt;/math&gt; || &lt;math&gt;a = \frac{v}{t}&lt;/math&gt; || &lt;math&gt;a =  \frac{dv(t)}{dt}&lt;/math&gt;
|-
| Distance || &lt;math&gt;s&lt;/math&gt;  || &lt;math&gt;S = v t = a t^2 &lt;/math&gt; || &lt;math&gt;s = \int v(t) dt&lt;/math&gt;
|-
| Force || &lt;math&gt;F&lt;/math&gt;  || &lt;math&gt;F = ma = \frac{mv}{t} = \frac{p}{t}&lt;/math&gt; || &lt;math&gt;a =  m \frac{dv(t)}{dt}&lt;/math&gt;
|-
| Work || &lt;math&gt;W&lt;/math&gt; || &lt;math&gt;W = F s = F v t = p v &lt;/math&gt; || &lt;math&gt;F \int v(t) dt&lt;/math&gt;
|-
| Energy ||&lt;math&gt;E&lt;/math&gt; || &lt;math&gt;E = \frac{W}{t} = F v = F a t = p a&lt;/math&gt; || &lt;math&gt;\frac{F}{t} \int v(t) dt&lt;/math&gt;
|-
|}

{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>t8dl4b0k5gmjzxmya1e0iv2omxgnp38</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4680455</id>
      <parentid>4680454</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T16:32:18Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-59225-07</username>
        <id>3630623</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4680455</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="847" sha1="gz3a3fmhm7y6ohwmgdvcwdrbt682g91" xml:space="preserve">Motion represents a movement of an object from one place to another place, from one place to another place

==Motion's characteristics==
:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=100%
! Motion !! Symbol !! Linear !! Non Linear
|-
| Speed || &lt;math&gt;v&lt;/math&gt;  ||&lt;math&gt;v = \frac{s}{t}&lt;/math&gt; || v(t)
|-
| Acceleration || &lt;math&gt;a&lt;/math&gt; || &lt;math&gt;a = \frac{v}{t}&lt;/math&gt; || &lt;math&gt;a =  \frac{dv(t)}{dt}&lt;/math&gt;
|-
| Distance || &lt;math&gt;s&lt;/math&gt;  || &lt;math&gt;S = v t = a t^2 &lt;/math&gt; || &lt;math&gt;s = \int v(t) dt&lt;/math&gt;
|-
| Force || &lt;math&gt;F&lt;/math&gt;  || &lt;math&gt;F = ma = \frac{mv}{t} = \frac{p}{t}&lt;/math&gt; || &lt;math&gt;a =  m \frac{dv(t)}{dt}&lt;/math&gt;
|-
| Work || &lt;math&gt;W&lt;/math&gt; || &lt;math&gt;W = F s = F v t = p v &lt;/math&gt; || &lt;math&gt;F \int v(t) dt&lt;/math&gt;
|-
| Energy ||&lt;math&gt;E&lt;/math&gt; || &lt;math&gt;E = \frac{W}{t} = F v = F a t = p a&lt;/math&gt; || &lt;math&gt;\frac{F}{t} \int v(t) dt&lt;/math&gt;
|-
|}

{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>gz3a3fmhm7y6ohwmgdvcwdrbt682g91</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4680456</id>
      <parentid>4680455</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T16:32:45Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-59225-07</username>
        <id>3630623</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4680456</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="662" sha1="n7seygum17r3g1hl0x9qpr8mgbu4qo3" xml:space="preserve">Motion represents a movement of an object from one place to another place, from one place to another place

==Motion's characteristics==
:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=100%
! Motion !! Symbol !! Linear !! Non Linear
|-
| Speed || &lt;math&gt;v&lt;/math&gt;  ||&lt;math&gt;v = \frac{s}{t}&lt;/math&gt; 
|-
| Acceleration || &lt;math&gt;a&lt;/math&gt; || &lt;math&gt;a = \frac{v}{t}&lt;/math&gt; 
|-
| Distance || &lt;math&gt;s&lt;/math&gt;  || &lt;math&gt;S = v t = a t^2 &lt;/math&gt; 
|-
| Force || &lt;math&gt;F&lt;/math&gt;  || &lt;math&gt;F = ma = \frac{mv}{t} = \frac{p}{t}&lt;/math&gt; 
|-
| Work || &lt;math&gt;W&lt;/math&gt; || &lt;math&gt;W = F s = F v t = p v &lt;/math&gt; 
|-
| Energy ||&lt;math&gt;E&lt;/math&gt; || &lt;math&gt;E = \frac{W}{t} = F v = F a t = p a&lt;/math&gt; 
|-
|}

{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>n7seygum17r3g1hl0x9qpr8mgbu4qo3</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4680457</id>
      <parentid>4680456</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T16:33:03Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-59225-07</username>
        <id>3630623</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4680457</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="649" sha1="td099w1ji3v4911twmfdhalltqrgvqg" xml:space="preserve">Motion represents a movement of an object from one place to another place, from one place to another place

==Motion's characteristics==
:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=100%
! Motion !! Symbol !! Formual
|-
| Speed || &lt;math&gt;v&lt;/math&gt;  ||&lt;math&gt;v = \frac{s}{t}&lt;/math&gt; 
|-
| Acceleration || &lt;math&gt;a&lt;/math&gt; || &lt;math&gt;a = \frac{v}{t}&lt;/math&gt; 
|-
| Distance || &lt;math&gt;s&lt;/math&gt;  || &lt;math&gt;S = v t = a t^2 &lt;/math&gt; 
|-
| Force || &lt;math&gt;F&lt;/math&gt;  || &lt;math&gt;F = ma = \frac{mv}{t} = \frac{p}{t}&lt;/math&gt; 
|-
| Work || &lt;math&gt;W&lt;/math&gt; || &lt;math&gt;W = F s = F v t = p v &lt;/math&gt; 
|-
| Energy ||&lt;math&gt;E&lt;/math&gt; || &lt;math&gt;E = \frac{W}{t} = F v = F a t = p a&lt;/math&gt; 
|-
|}

{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>td099w1ji3v4911twmfdhalltqrgvqg</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4680458</id>
      <parentid>4680457</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T16:34:57Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-59225-07</username>
        <id>3630623</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4680458</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="795" sha1="m68qsuittrq6sayx6i7mdp076wrwhlq" xml:space="preserve">Motion represents a movement of an object from one place to another place, from one place to another place

==Motion's characteristics==
:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=100%
! Motion !! Symbol !! Formual
|-
| Speed || &lt;math&gt;v&lt;/math&gt;  ||&lt;math&gt;v = \frac{s}{t}&lt;/math&gt; 
|-
| Acceleration || &lt;math&gt;a&lt;/math&gt; || &lt;math&gt;a = \frac{v}{t}&lt;/math&gt; 
|-
| Distance || &lt;math&gt;s&lt;/math&gt;  || &lt;math&gt;S = v t = a t^2 &lt;/math&gt; 
|-
| Force || &lt;math&gt;F&lt;/math&gt;  || &lt;math&gt;F = ma = \frac{mv}{t} = \frac{p}{t}&lt;/math&gt; 
|-
| Work || &lt;math&gt;W&lt;/math&gt; || &lt;math&gt;W = F s = F v t = p v &lt;/math&gt; 
|-
| Energy ||&lt;math&gt;E&lt;/math&gt; || &lt;math&gt;E = \frac{W}{t} = F v = F a t = p a&lt;/math&gt; 
|-
|}

==Types of motion==
# [[Linear motion]]
# [[Curve motion]]
# [[Circular motion]]
# [[Oscillation motion]]
# [[Wave motion]]
# [[Momentum motion]]
{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>m68qsuittrq6sayx6i7mdp076wrwhlq</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4680459</id>
      <parentid>4680458</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T16:35:40Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-59225-07</username>
        <id>3630623</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4680459</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="845" sha1="fbaxrzxjh4xbzilu5kzv5riuys523og" xml:space="preserve">Motion represents a movement of an object from one place to another place, from one place to another place

==Motion's characteristics==
All motion process the following characteristics

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=100%
! Motion !! Symbol !! Formual
|-
| Speed || &lt;math&gt;v&lt;/math&gt;  ||&lt;math&gt;v = \frac{s}{t}&lt;/math&gt; 
|-
| Acceleration || &lt;math&gt;a&lt;/math&gt; || &lt;math&gt;a = \frac{v}{t}&lt;/math&gt; 
|-
| Distance || &lt;math&gt;s&lt;/math&gt;  || &lt;math&gt;S = v t = a t^2 &lt;/math&gt; 
|-
| Force || &lt;math&gt;F&lt;/math&gt;  || &lt;math&gt;F = ma = \frac{mv}{t} = \frac{p}{t}&lt;/math&gt; 
|-
| Work || &lt;math&gt;W&lt;/math&gt; || &lt;math&gt;W = F s = F v t = p v &lt;/math&gt; 
|-
| Energy ||&lt;math&gt;E&lt;/math&gt; || &lt;math&gt;E = \frac{W}{t} = F v = F a t = p a&lt;/math&gt; 
|-
|}

==Types of motion==
# [[Linear motion]]
# [[Curve motion]]
# [[Circular motion]]
# [[Oscillation motion]]
# [[Wave motion]]
# [[Momentum motion]]
{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>fbaxrzxjh4xbzilu5kzv5riuys523og</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4680468</id>
      <parentid>4680459</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T16:41:40Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-59225-07</username>
        <id>3630623</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4680468</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="812" sha1="82dk8an4wrpnxtx0s9egfw5pmnh06st" xml:space="preserve">Motion represents a movement of an object from one place to another place

==Motion's characteristics==
All motion process the following characteristics

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=100%
! Motion !! Symbol !! Formual
|-
| Speed || &lt;math&gt;v&lt;/math&gt;  ||&lt;math&gt;v = \frac{s}{t}&lt;/math&gt; 
|-
| Acceleration || &lt;math&gt;a&lt;/math&gt; || &lt;math&gt;a = \frac{v}{t}&lt;/math&gt; 
|-
| Distance || &lt;math&gt;s&lt;/math&gt;  || &lt;math&gt;S = v t = a t^2 &lt;/math&gt; 
|-
| Force || &lt;math&gt;F&lt;/math&gt;  || &lt;math&gt;F = ma = \frac{mv}{t} = \frac{p}{t}&lt;/math&gt; 
|-
| Work || &lt;math&gt;W&lt;/math&gt; || &lt;math&gt;W = F s = F v t = p v &lt;/math&gt; 
|-
| Energy ||&lt;math&gt;E&lt;/math&gt; || &lt;math&gt;E = \frac{W}{t} = F v = F a t = p a&lt;/math&gt; 
|-
|}

==Types of motion==
# [[Linear motion]]
# [[Curve motion]]
# [[Circular motion]]
# [[Oscillation motion]]
# [[Wave motion]]
# [[Momentum motion]]
{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>82dk8an4wrpnxtx0s9egfw5pmnh06st</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4680469</id>
      <parentid>4680468</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T16:42:31Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-59225-07</username>
        <id>3630623</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4680469</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="845" sha1="2w8sm7hfopbak4euqgtkxtazj59do6m" xml:space="preserve">Motion represents a movement of an object from one place to another place

==Motion's characteristics==
All motion process the following characteristics

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=100%
! Motion !! Definition !! Symbol !! Formual
|-
| Speed || || &lt;math&gt;v&lt;/math&gt;  ||&lt;math&gt;v = \frac{s}{t}&lt;/math&gt; 
|-
| Acceleration || || &lt;math&gt;a&lt;/math&gt; || &lt;math&gt;a = \frac{v}{t}&lt;/math&gt; 
|-
| Distance || || &lt;math&gt;s&lt;/math&gt;  || &lt;math&gt;S = v t = a t^2 &lt;/math&gt; 
|-
| Force || || &lt;math&gt;F&lt;/math&gt;  || &lt;math&gt;F = ma = \frac{mv}{t} = \frac{p}{t}&lt;/math&gt; 
|-
| Work || || &lt;math&gt;W&lt;/math&gt; || &lt;math&gt;W = F s = F v t = p v &lt;/math&gt; 
|-
| Energy || || &lt;math&gt;E&lt;/math&gt; || &lt;math&gt;E = \frac{W}{t} = F v = F a t = p a&lt;/math&gt; 
|-
|}

==Types of motion==
# [[Linear motion]]
# [[Curve motion]]
# [[Circular motion]]
# [[Oscillation motion]]
# [[Wave motion]]
# [[Momentum motion]]
{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>2w8sm7hfopbak4euqgtkxtazj59do6m</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4680470</id>
      <parentid>4680469</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T16:43:27Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-59225-07</username>
        <id>3630623</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4680470</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="906" sha1="j7j7imo8bj240ogpytmmdd2hlicg55x" xml:space="preserve">Motion represents a movement of an object from one place to another place . For example, push a cart to travel from point A to point B

==Motion's characteristics==
All motion process the following characteristics

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=100%
! Motion !! Definition !! Symbol !! Formual
|-
| Speed || || &lt;math&gt;v&lt;/math&gt;  ||&lt;math&gt;v = \frac{s}{t}&lt;/math&gt; 
|-
| Acceleration || || &lt;math&gt;a&lt;/math&gt; || &lt;math&gt;a = \frac{v}{t}&lt;/math&gt; 
|-
| Distance || || &lt;math&gt;s&lt;/math&gt;  || &lt;math&gt;S = v t = a t^2 &lt;/math&gt; 
|-
| Force || || &lt;math&gt;F&lt;/math&gt;  || &lt;math&gt;F = ma = \frac{mv}{t} = \frac{p}{t}&lt;/math&gt; 
|-
| Work || || &lt;math&gt;W&lt;/math&gt; || &lt;math&gt;W = F s = F v t = p v &lt;/math&gt; 
|-
| Energy || || &lt;math&gt;E&lt;/math&gt; || &lt;math&gt;E = \frac{W}{t} = F v = F a t = p a&lt;/math&gt; 
|-
|}

==Types of motion==
# [[Linear motion]]
# [[Curve motion]]
# [[Circular motion]]
# [[Oscillation motion]]
# [[Wave motion]]
# [[Momentum motion]]
{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>j7j7imo8bj240ogpytmmdd2hlicg55x</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4680500</id>
      <parentid>4680470</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T17:08:21Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-59225-07</username>
        <id>3630623</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Types of motion */</comment>
      <origin>4680500</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2079" sha1="3xje03hrkh4035apj6ifiyyo3mi8esc" xml:space="preserve">Motion represents a movement of an object from one place to another place . For example, push a cart to travel from point A to point B

==Motion's characteristics==
All motion process the following characteristics

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=100%
! Motion !! Definition !! Symbol !! Formual
|-
| Speed || || &lt;math&gt;v&lt;/math&gt;  ||&lt;math&gt;v = \frac{s}{t}&lt;/math&gt; 
|-
| Acceleration || || &lt;math&gt;a&lt;/math&gt; || &lt;math&gt;a = \frac{v}{t}&lt;/math&gt; 
|-
| Distance || || &lt;math&gt;s&lt;/math&gt;  || &lt;math&gt;S = v t = a t^2 &lt;/math&gt; 
|-
| Force || || &lt;math&gt;F&lt;/math&gt;  || &lt;math&gt;F = ma = \frac{mv}{t} = \frac{p}{t}&lt;/math&gt; 
|-
| Work || || &lt;math&gt;W&lt;/math&gt; || &lt;math&gt;W = F s = F v t = p v &lt;/math&gt; 
|-
| Energy || || &lt;math&gt;E&lt;/math&gt; || &lt;math&gt;E = \frac{W}{t} = F v = F a t = p a&lt;/math&gt; 
|-
|}

==Types of motion==
===Linear motion====
==Linear Motion==
Linear Motion referes to any motion moving in a straight line without changing it's direction

==Linear Motion with constant speed over time==
Any Linear Motion that has constant speed at all time can be expressed as
* Speed
: &lt;math&gt;v(t) = V&lt;/math&gt;

* Acceleration
: &lt;math&gt;a(t) = 0&lt;/math&gt;

* Distance
: &lt;math&gt;s(t) = V t&lt;/math&gt;

==Linear Motion with changing speed over time==
For any Linear Motion travels at different speed at different time 
: v&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt; at t&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt; 
: v at t

* Change in Speed
: &lt;math&gt;\Delta v =  v - v_o&lt;/math&gt;

* Change in Time
: ∆t = &lt;math&gt;t - t_o&lt;/math&gt;

The ratio of Change in Speed over Change in Time gives the Accelerarion of the motion or The Rate of Change of Velocity versus Time
* Rate of Change of Speed over Time
:&lt;math&gt;  a = \frac{\Delta v}{\Delta t} = \frac{v - v_o}{t - t_o}&lt;/math&gt;


: &lt;math&gt;\Delta v = a \Delta t&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;\Delta v = a (t - t_o) &lt;/math&gt;

: &lt;math&gt;v = v_o + a (t - t_o)&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;v = v_o + a \Delta t&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;v = v_o + \Delta v&lt;/math&gt;

: &lt;math&gt;s = v_o \Delta t + \frac{1}{2} \Delta v \Delta t&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;s = \Delta t [v_o  + \frac{1}{2} \Delta v ]&lt;/math&gt;

{{BookCat}}

# [[Curve motion]]
# [[Circular motion]]
# [[Oscillation motion]]
# [[Wave motion]]
# [[Momentum motion]]
{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>3xje03hrkh4035apj6ifiyyo3mi8esc</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4680502</id>
      <parentid>4680500</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T17:09:16Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-59225-07</username>
        <id>3630623</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4680502</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2087" sha1="qyu1qo0qftdifzezk9ulupfaddwpan0" xml:space="preserve">Motion represents a movement of an object from one place to another place . For example, push a cart to travel from point A to point B

==Motion's characteristics==
All motion process the following characteristics

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=100%
! Motion !! Definition !! Symbol !! Formual
|-
| Speed || || &lt;math&gt;v&lt;/math&gt;  ||&lt;math&gt;v = \frac{s}{t}&lt;/math&gt; 
|-
| Acceleration || || &lt;math&gt;a&lt;/math&gt; || &lt;math&gt;a = \frac{v}{t}&lt;/math&gt; 
|-
| Distance || || &lt;math&gt;s&lt;/math&gt;  || &lt;math&gt;S = v t = a t^2 &lt;/math&gt; 
|-
| Force || || &lt;math&gt;F&lt;/math&gt;  || &lt;math&gt;F = ma = \frac{mv}{t} = \frac{p}{t}&lt;/math&gt; 
|-
| Work || || &lt;math&gt;W&lt;/math&gt; || &lt;math&gt;W = F s = F v t = p v &lt;/math&gt; 
|-
| Energy || || &lt;math&gt;E&lt;/math&gt; || &lt;math&gt;E = \frac{W}{t} = F v = F a t = p a&lt;/math&gt; 
|-
|}

==Types of motion==
===Linear motion====
Linear Motion referes to any motion moving in a straight line from one point to another without changing it's direction

==Linear Motion with constant speed over time==
Any Linear Motion that has constant speed at all time can be expressed as
* Speed
: &lt;math&gt;v(t) = V&lt;/math&gt;

* Acceleration
: &lt;math&gt;a(t) = 0&lt;/math&gt;

* Distance
: &lt;math&gt;s(t) = V t&lt;/math&gt;

==Linear Motion with changing speed over time==
For any Linear Motion travels at different speed at different time 
: v&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt; at t&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt; 
: v at t

* Change in Speed
: &lt;math&gt;\Delta v =  v - v_o&lt;/math&gt;

* Change in Time
: ∆t = &lt;math&gt;t - t_o&lt;/math&gt;

The ratio of Change in Speed over Change in Time gives the Accelerarion of the motion or The Rate of Change of Velocity versus Time
* Rate of Change of Speed over Time
:&lt;math&gt;  a = \frac{\Delta v}{\Delta t} = \frac{v - v_o}{t - t_o}&lt;/math&gt;


: &lt;math&gt;\Delta v = a \Delta t&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;\Delta v = a (t - t_o) &lt;/math&gt;

: &lt;math&gt;v = v_o + a (t - t_o)&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;v = v_o + a \Delta t&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;v = v_o + \Delta v&lt;/math&gt;

: &lt;math&gt;s = v_o \Delta t + \frac{1}{2} \Delta v \Delta t&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;s = \Delta t [v_o  + \frac{1}{2} \Delta v ]&lt;/math&gt;

{{BookCat}}

# [[Curve motion]]
# [[Circular motion]]
# [[Oscillation motion]]
# [[Wave motion]]
# [[Momentum motion]]
{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>qyu1qo0qftdifzezk9ulupfaddwpan0</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4680503</id>
      <parentid>4680502</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T17:09:35Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-59225-07</username>
        <id>3630623</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4680503</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2086" sha1="9fzf15czllibim0k209t6wdlbknlksy" xml:space="preserve">Motion represents a movement of an object from one place to another place . For example, push a cart to travel from point A to point B

==Motion's characteristics==
All motion process the following characteristics

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=100%
! Motion !! Definition !! Symbol !! Formual
|-
| Speed || || &lt;math&gt;v&lt;/math&gt;  ||&lt;math&gt;v = \frac{s}{t}&lt;/math&gt; 
|-
| Acceleration || || &lt;math&gt;a&lt;/math&gt; || &lt;math&gt;a = \frac{v}{t}&lt;/math&gt; 
|-
| Distance || || &lt;math&gt;s&lt;/math&gt;  || &lt;math&gt;S = v t = a t^2 &lt;/math&gt; 
|-
| Force || || &lt;math&gt;F&lt;/math&gt;  || &lt;math&gt;F = ma = \frac{mv}{t} = \frac{p}{t}&lt;/math&gt; 
|-
| Work || || &lt;math&gt;W&lt;/math&gt; || &lt;math&gt;W = F s = F v t = p v &lt;/math&gt; 
|-
| Energy || || &lt;math&gt;E&lt;/math&gt; || &lt;math&gt;E = \frac{W}{t} = F v = F a t = p a&lt;/math&gt; 
|-
|}

==Types of motion==
===Linear motion===
Linear Motion referes to any motion moving in a straight line from one point to another without changing it's direction

==Linear Motion with constant speed over time==
Any Linear Motion that has constant speed at all time can be expressed as
* Speed
: &lt;math&gt;v(t) = V&lt;/math&gt;

* Acceleration
: &lt;math&gt;a(t) = 0&lt;/math&gt;

* Distance
: &lt;math&gt;s(t) = V t&lt;/math&gt;

==Linear Motion with changing speed over time==
For any Linear Motion travels at different speed at different time 
: v&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt; at t&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt; 
: v at t

* Change in Speed
: &lt;math&gt;\Delta v =  v - v_o&lt;/math&gt;

* Change in Time
: ∆t = &lt;math&gt;t - t_o&lt;/math&gt;

The ratio of Change in Speed over Change in Time gives the Accelerarion of the motion or The Rate of Change of Velocity versus Time
* Rate of Change of Speed over Time
:&lt;math&gt;  a = \frac{\Delta v}{\Delta t} = \frac{v - v_o}{t - t_o}&lt;/math&gt;


: &lt;math&gt;\Delta v = a \Delta t&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;\Delta v = a (t - t_o) &lt;/math&gt;

: &lt;math&gt;v = v_o + a (t - t_o)&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;v = v_o + a \Delta t&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;v = v_o + \Delta v&lt;/math&gt;

: &lt;math&gt;s = v_o \Delta t + \frac{1}{2} \Delta v \Delta t&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;s = \Delta t [v_o  + \frac{1}{2} \Delta v ]&lt;/math&gt;

{{BookCat}}

# [[Curve motion]]
# [[Circular motion]]
# [[Oscillation motion]]
# [[Wave motion]]
# [[Momentum motion]]
{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>9fzf15czllibim0k209t6wdlbknlksy</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4680504</id>
      <parentid>4680503</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T17:10:25Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-59225-07</username>
        <id>3630623</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Types of motion */</comment>
      <origin>4680504</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2064" sha1="7i4ohhcdusy8kowrs3sqjr7l16rty3b" xml:space="preserve">Motion represents a movement of an object from one place to another place . For example, push a cart to travel from point A to point B

==Motion's characteristics==
All motion process the following characteristics

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=100%
! Motion !! Definition !! Symbol !! Formual
|-
| Speed || || &lt;math&gt;v&lt;/math&gt;  ||&lt;math&gt;v = \frac{s}{t}&lt;/math&gt; 
|-
| Acceleration || || &lt;math&gt;a&lt;/math&gt; || &lt;math&gt;a = \frac{v}{t}&lt;/math&gt; 
|-
| Distance || || &lt;math&gt;s&lt;/math&gt;  || &lt;math&gt;S = v t = a t^2 &lt;/math&gt; 
|-
| Force || || &lt;math&gt;F&lt;/math&gt;  || &lt;math&gt;F = ma = \frac{mv}{t} = \frac{p}{t}&lt;/math&gt; 
|-
| Work || || &lt;math&gt;W&lt;/math&gt; || &lt;math&gt;W = F s = F v t = p v &lt;/math&gt; 
|-
| Energy || || &lt;math&gt;E&lt;/math&gt; || &lt;math&gt;E = \frac{W}{t} = F v = F a t = p a&lt;/math&gt; 
|-
|}

==Linear motion==
Linear Motion referes to any motion moving in a straight line from one point to another without changing it's direction

==Linear Motion with constant speed over time==
Any Linear Motion that has constant speed at all time can be expressed as
* Speed
: &lt;math&gt;v(t) = V&lt;/math&gt;

* Acceleration
: &lt;math&gt;a(t) = 0&lt;/math&gt;

* Distance
: &lt;math&gt;s(t) = V t&lt;/math&gt;

==Linear Motion with changing speed over time==
For any Linear Motion travels at different speed at different time 
: v&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt; at t&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt; 
: v at t

* Change in Speed
: &lt;math&gt;\Delta v =  v - v_o&lt;/math&gt;

* Change in Time
: ∆t = &lt;math&gt;t - t_o&lt;/math&gt;

The ratio of Change in Speed over Change in Time gives the Accelerarion of the motion or The Rate of Change of Velocity versus Time
* Rate of Change of Speed over Time
:&lt;math&gt;  a = \frac{\Delta v}{\Delta t} = \frac{v - v_o}{t - t_o}&lt;/math&gt;


: &lt;math&gt;\Delta v = a \Delta t&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;\Delta v = a (t - t_o) &lt;/math&gt;

: &lt;math&gt;v = v_o + a (t - t_o)&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;v = v_o + a \Delta t&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;v = v_o + \Delta v&lt;/math&gt;

: &lt;math&gt;s = v_o \Delta t + \frac{1}{2} \Delta v \Delta t&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;s = \Delta t [v_o  + \frac{1}{2} \Delta v ]&lt;/math&gt;

{{BookCat}}

# [[Curve motion]]
# [[Circular motion]]
# [[Oscillation motion]]
# [[Wave motion]]
# [[Momentum motion]]
{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>7i4ohhcdusy8kowrs3sqjr7l16rty3b</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4680505</id>
      <parentid>4680504</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T17:10:49Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-59225-07</username>
        <id>3630623</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Linear Motion with constant speed over time */</comment>
      <origin>4680505</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2066" sha1="00bltww2ckxaqwcquy7bzhiunyu6bud" xml:space="preserve">Motion represents a movement of an object from one place to another place . For example, push a cart to travel from point A to point B

==Motion's characteristics==
All motion process the following characteristics

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=100%
! Motion !! Definition !! Symbol !! Formual
|-
| Speed || || &lt;math&gt;v&lt;/math&gt;  ||&lt;math&gt;v = \frac{s}{t}&lt;/math&gt; 
|-
| Acceleration || || &lt;math&gt;a&lt;/math&gt; || &lt;math&gt;a = \frac{v}{t}&lt;/math&gt; 
|-
| Distance || || &lt;math&gt;s&lt;/math&gt;  || &lt;math&gt;S = v t = a t^2 &lt;/math&gt; 
|-
| Force || || &lt;math&gt;F&lt;/math&gt;  || &lt;math&gt;F = ma = \frac{mv}{t} = \frac{p}{t}&lt;/math&gt; 
|-
| Work || || &lt;math&gt;W&lt;/math&gt; || &lt;math&gt;W = F s = F v t = p v &lt;/math&gt; 
|-
| Energy || || &lt;math&gt;E&lt;/math&gt; || &lt;math&gt;E = \frac{W}{t} = F v = F a t = p a&lt;/math&gt; 
|-
|}

==Linear motion==
Linear Motion referes to any motion moving in a straight line from one point to another without changing it's direction

===Linear Motion with constant speed over time===
Any Linear Motion that has constant speed at all time can be expressed as
* Speed
: &lt;math&gt;v(t) = V&lt;/math&gt;

* Acceleration
: &lt;math&gt;a(t) = 0&lt;/math&gt;

* Distance
: &lt;math&gt;s(t) = V t&lt;/math&gt;

==Linear Motion with changing speed over time==
For any Linear Motion travels at different speed at different time 
: v&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt; at t&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt; 
: v at t

* Change in Speed
: &lt;math&gt;\Delta v =  v - v_o&lt;/math&gt;

* Change in Time
: ∆t = &lt;math&gt;t - t_o&lt;/math&gt;

The ratio of Change in Speed over Change in Time gives the Accelerarion of the motion or The Rate of Change of Velocity versus Time
* Rate of Change of Speed over Time
:&lt;math&gt;  a = \frac{\Delta v}{\Delta t} = \frac{v - v_o}{t - t_o}&lt;/math&gt;


: &lt;math&gt;\Delta v = a \Delta t&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;\Delta v = a (t - t_o) &lt;/math&gt;

: &lt;math&gt;v = v_o + a (t - t_o)&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;v = v_o + a \Delta t&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;v = v_o + \Delta v&lt;/math&gt;

: &lt;math&gt;s = v_o \Delta t + \frac{1}{2} \Delta v \Delta t&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;s = \Delta t [v_o  + \frac{1}{2} \Delta v ]&lt;/math&gt;

{{BookCat}}

# [[Curve motion]]
# [[Circular motion]]
# [[Oscillation motion]]
# [[Wave motion]]
# [[Momentum motion]]
{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>00bltww2ckxaqwcquy7bzhiunyu6bud</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4680506</id>
      <parentid>4680505</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T17:11:16Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-59225-07</username>
        <id>3630623</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Linear Motion with changing speed over time */</comment>
      <origin>4680506</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2077" sha1="no2hbqc45yv1aj24jyttohhs1ztbd1a" xml:space="preserve">Motion represents a movement of an object from one place to another place . For example, push a cart to travel from point A to point B

==Motion's characteristics==
All motion process the following characteristics

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=100%
! Motion !! Definition !! Symbol !! Formual
|-
| Speed || || &lt;math&gt;v&lt;/math&gt;  ||&lt;math&gt;v = \frac{s}{t}&lt;/math&gt; 
|-
| Acceleration || || &lt;math&gt;a&lt;/math&gt; || &lt;math&gt;a = \frac{v}{t}&lt;/math&gt; 
|-
| Distance || || &lt;math&gt;s&lt;/math&gt;  || &lt;math&gt;S = v t = a t^2 &lt;/math&gt; 
|-
| Force || || &lt;math&gt;F&lt;/math&gt;  || &lt;math&gt;F = ma = \frac{mv}{t} = \frac{p}{t}&lt;/math&gt; 
|-
| Work || || &lt;math&gt;W&lt;/math&gt; || &lt;math&gt;W = F s = F v t = p v &lt;/math&gt; 
|-
| Energy || || &lt;math&gt;E&lt;/math&gt; || &lt;math&gt;E = \frac{W}{t} = F v = F a t = p a&lt;/math&gt; 
|-
|}

==Linear motion==
Linear Motion referes to any motion moving in a straight line from one point to another without changing it's direction

===Linear Motion with constant speed over time===
Any Linear Motion that has constant speed at all time can be expressed as
* Speed
: &lt;math&gt;v(t) = V&lt;/math&gt;

* Acceleration
: &lt;math&gt;a(t) = 0&lt;/math&gt;

* Distance
: &lt;math&gt;s(t) = V t&lt;/math&gt;

===Linear Motion with changing speed over changing time===
For any Linear Motion travels at different speed at different time 
: v&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt; at t&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt; 
: v at t

* Change in Speed
: &lt;math&gt;\Delta v =  v - v_o&lt;/math&gt;

* Change in Time
: ∆t = &lt;math&gt;t - t_o&lt;/math&gt;

The ratio of Change in Speed over Change in Time gives the Accelerarion of the motion or The Rate of Change of Velocity versus Time
* Rate of Change of Speed over Time
:&lt;math&gt;  a = \frac{\Delta v}{\Delta t} = \frac{v - v_o}{t - t_o}&lt;/math&gt;


: &lt;math&gt;\Delta v = a \Delta t&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;\Delta v = a (t - t_o) &lt;/math&gt;

: &lt;math&gt;v = v_o + a (t - t_o)&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;v = v_o + a \Delta t&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;v = v_o + \Delta v&lt;/math&gt;

: &lt;math&gt;s = v_o \Delta t + \frac{1}{2} \Delta v \Delta t&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;s = \Delta t [v_o  + \frac{1}{2} \Delta v ]&lt;/math&gt;

{{BookCat}}

# [[Curve motion]]
# [[Circular motion]]
# [[Oscillation motion]]
# [[Wave motion]]
# [[Momentum motion]]
{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>no2hbqc45yv1aj24jyttohhs1ztbd1a</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4680508</id>
      <parentid>4680506</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T17:12:56Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-59225-07</username>
        <id>3630623</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Linear Motion with changing speed over changing time */</comment>
      <origin>4680508</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2025" sha1="f360jm7z7dpr19wnfr6fvo66om71p6q" xml:space="preserve">Motion represents a movement of an object from one place to another place . For example, push a cart to travel from point A to point B

==Motion's characteristics==
All motion process the following characteristics

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=100%
! Motion !! Definition !! Symbol !! Formual
|-
| Speed || || &lt;math&gt;v&lt;/math&gt;  ||&lt;math&gt;v = \frac{s}{t}&lt;/math&gt; 
|-
| Acceleration || || &lt;math&gt;a&lt;/math&gt; || &lt;math&gt;a = \frac{v}{t}&lt;/math&gt; 
|-
| Distance || || &lt;math&gt;s&lt;/math&gt;  || &lt;math&gt;S = v t = a t^2 &lt;/math&gt; 
|-
| Force || || &lt;math&gt;F&lt;/math&gt;  || &lt;math&gt;F = ma = \frac{mv}{t} = \frac{p}{t}&lt;/math&gt; 
|-
| Work || || &lt;math&gt;W&lt;/math&gt; || &lt;math&gt;W = F s = F v t = p v &lt;/math&gt; 
|-
| Energy || || &lt;math&gt;E&lt;/math&gt; || &lt;math&gt;E = \frac{W}{t} = F v = F a t = p a&lt;/math&gt; 
|-
|}

==Linear motion==
Linear Motion referes to any motion moving in a straight line from one point to another without changing it's direction

===Linear Motion with constant speed over time===
Any Linear Motion that has constant speed at all time can be expressed as
* Speed
: &lt;math&gt;v(t) = V&lt;/math&gt;

* Acceleration
: &lt;math&gt;a(t) = 0&lt;/math&gt;

* Distance
: &lt;math&gt;s(t) = V t&lt;/math&gt;

===Linear Motion with changing speed over changing time===
For any Linear Motion travels at different speed at different time ,math&gt; (v_o,t_o) - (v,t)&lt;/math&gt;

Change in Speed
: &lt;math&gt;\Delta v =  v - v_o&lt;/math&gt;

Change in Time
: ∆t = &lt;math&gt;t - t_o&lt;/math&gt;

The ratio of Change in Speed over Change in Time gives the Accelerarion of the motion or The Rate of Change of Velocity versus Time
:&lt;math&gt;  a = \frac{\Delta v}{\Delta t} = \frac{v - v_o}{t - t_o}&lt;/math&gt;


: &lt;math&gt;\Delta v = a \Delta t&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;\Delta v = a (t - t_o) &lt;/math&gt;

: &lt;math&gt;v = v_o + a (t - t_o)&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;v = v_o + a \Delta t&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;v = v_o + \Delta v&lt;/math&gt;

: &lt;math&gt;s = v_o \Delta t + \frac{1}{2} \Delta v \Delta t&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;s = \Delta t [v_o  + \frac{1}{2} \Delta v ]&lt;/math&gt;

{{BookCat}}

# [[Curve motion]]
# [[Circular motion]]
# [[Oscillation motion]]
# [[Wave motion]]
# [[Momentum motion]]
{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>f360jm7z7dpr19wnfr6fvo66om71p6q</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4680509</id>
      <parentid>4680508</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T17:13:34Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-59225-07</username>
        <id>3630623</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Linear Motion with changing speed over changing time */</comment>
      <origin>4680509</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2035" sha1="3rhjsy962ro2danp46unakzy5nm1nov" xml:space="preserve">Motion represents a movement of an object from one place to another place . For example, push a cart to travel from point A to point B

==Motion's characteristics==
All motion process the following characteristics

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=100%
! Motion !! Definition !! Symbol !! Formual
|-
| Speed || || &lt;math&gt;v&lt;/math&gt;  ||&lt;math&gt;v = \frac{s}{t}&lt;/math&gt; 
|-
| Acceleration || || &lt;math&gt;a&lt;/math&gt; || &lt;math&gt;a = \frac{v}{t}&lt;/math&gt; 
|-
| Distance || || &lt;math&gt;s&lt;/math&gt;  || &lt;math&gt;S = v t = a t^2 &lt;/math&gt; 
|-
| Force || || &lt;math&gt;F&lt;/math&gt;  || &lt;math&gt;F = ma = \frac{mv}{t} = \frac{p}{t}&lt;/math&gt; 
|-
| Work || || &lt;math&gt;W&lt;/math&gt; || &lt;math&gt;W = F s = F v t = p v &lt;/math&gt; 
|-
| Energy || || &lt;math&gt;E&lt;/math&gt; || &lt;math&gt;E = \frac{W}{t} = F v = F a t = p a&lt;/math&gt; 
|-
|}

==Linear motion==
Linear Motion referes to any motion moving in a straight line from one point to another without changing it's direction

===Linear Motion with constant speed over time===
Any Linear Motion that has constant speed at all time can be expressed as
* Speed
: &lt;math&gt;v(t) = V&lt;/math&gt;

* Acceleration
: &lt;math&gt;a(t) = 0&lt;/math&gt;

* Distance
: &lt;math&gt;s(t) = V t&lt;/math&gt;

===Linear Motion with changing speed over changing time===
For any Linear Motion travels at different speed at different time ,math&gt; (v_o,t_o) - (v,t)&lt;/math&gt;

Change in Speed
: &lt;math&gt;\Delta v =  v - v_o&lt;/math&gt;

Change in Time
: ∆t = &lt;math&gt;t - t_o&lt;/math&gt;

The ratio of Change in Speed over Change in Time gives the Accelerarion of the motion or The Rate of Change of Velocity versus Time
:&lt;math&gt;  a = \frac{\Delta v}{\Delta t} = \frac{v - v_o}{t - t_o}&lt;/math&gt;
From above,
: &lt;math&gt;\Delta v = a \Delta t&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;\Delta v = a (t - t_o) &lt;/math&gt;

: &lt;math&gt;v = v_o + a (t - t_o)&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;v = v_o + a \Delta t&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;v = v_o + \Delta v&lt;/math&gt;

: &lt;math&gt;s = v_o \Delta t + \frac{1}{2} \Delta v \Delta t&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;s = \Delta t [v_o  + \frac{1}{2} \Delta v ]&lt;/math&gt;

{{BookCat}}

# [[Curve motion]]
# [[Circular motion]]
# [[Oscillation motion]]
# [[Wave motion]]
# [[Momentum motion]]
{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>3rhjsy962ro2danp46unakzy5nm1nov</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4680510</id>
      <parentid>4680509</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T17:14:40Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-59225-07</username>
        <id>3630623</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Linear Motion with changing speed over changing time */</comment>
      <origin>4680510</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2063" sha1="di4tp8roymz9nx5pddss4yku1m6362y" xml:space="preserve">Motion represents a movement of an object from one place to another place . For example, push a cart to travel from point A to point B

==Motion's characteristics==
All motion process the following characteristics

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=100%
! Motion !! Definition !! Symbol !! Formual
|-
| Speed || || &lt;math&gt;v&lt;/math&gt;  ||&lt;math&gt;v = \frac{s}{t}&lt;/math&gt; 
|-
| Acceleration || || &lt;math&gt;a&lt;/math&gt; || &lt;math&gt;a = \frac{v}{t}&lt;/math&gt; 
|-
| Distance || || &lt;math&gt;s&lt;/math&gt;  || &lt;math&gt;S = v t = a t^2 &lt;/math&gt; 
|-
| Force || || &lt;math&gt;F&lt;/math&gt;  || &lt;math&gt;F = ma = \frac{mv}{t} = \frac{p}{t}&lt;/math&gt; 
|-
| Work || || &lt;math&gt;W&lt;/math&gt; || &lt;math&gt;W = F s = F v t = p v &lt;/math&gt; 
|-
| Energy || || &lt;math&gt;E&lt;/math&gt; || &lt;math&gt;E = \frac{W}{t} = F v = F a t = p a&lt;/math&gt; 
|-
|}

==Linear motion==
Linear Motion referes to any motion moving in a straight line from one point to another without changing it's direction

===Linear Motion with constant speed over time===
Any Linear Motion that has constant speed at all time can be expressed as
* Speed
: &lt;math&gt;v(t) = V&lt;/math&gt;

* Acceleration
: &lt;math&gt;a(t) = 0&lt;/math&gt;

* Distance
: &lt;math&gt;s(t) = V t&lt;/math&gt;

===Linear Motion with changing speed over changing time===
For any Linear Motion travels at different speed at different time ,math&gt; (v_o,t_o) - (v,t)&lt;/math&gt;

Change in Speed
: &lt;math&gt;\Delta v =  v - v_o&lt;/math&gt;

Change in Time
: ∆t = &lt;math&gt;t - t_o&lt;/math&gt;

The ratio of Change in Speed over Change in Time gives the Accelerarion of the motion or The Rate of Change of Velocity versus Time
:&lt;math&gt;  a = \frac{\Delta v}{\Delta t} = \frac{v - v_o}{t - t_o}&lt;/math&gt;
From above,
: &lt;math&gt;\Delta v = a \Delta t&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;\Delta t = \frac{\Delta v}{a} = \frac{v - v_o)}{a} &lt;/math&gt;

: &lt;math&gt;v = v_o + a (t - t_o)&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;v = v_o + a \Delta t&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;v = v_o + \Delta v&lt;/math&gt;

: &lt;math&gt;s = v_o \Delta t + \frac{1}{2} \Delta v \Delta t&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;s = \Delta t [v_o  + \frac{1}{2} \Delta v ]&lt;/math&gt;

{{BookCat}}

# [[Curve motion]]
# [[Circular motion]]
# [[Oscillation motion]]
# [[Wave motion]]
# [[Momentum motion]]
{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>di4tp8roymz9nx5pddss4yku1m6362y</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4680511</id>
      <parentid>4680510</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T17:15:03Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-59225-07</username>
        <id>3630623</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Linear Motion with changing speed over changing time */</comment>
      <origin>4680511</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2062" sha1="b1966a4pnceawz5i7me1ttmsuwkxroo" xml:space="preserve">Motion represents a movement of an object from one place to another place . For example, push a cart to travel from point A to point B

==Motion's characteristics==
All motion process the following characteristics

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=100%
! Motion !! Definition !! Symbol !! Formual
|-
| Speed || || &lt;math&gt;v&lt;/math&gt;  ||&lt;math&gt;v = \frac{s}{t}&lt;/math&gt; 
|-
| Acceleration || || &lt;math&gt;a&lt;/math&gt; || &lt;math&gt;a = \frac{v}{t}&lt;/math&gt; 
|-
| Distance || || &lt;math&gt;s&lt;/math&gt;  || &lt;math&gt;S = v t = a t^2 &lt;/math&gt; 
|-
| Force || || &lt;math&gt;F&lt;/math&gt;  || &lt;math&gt;F = ma = \frac{mv}{t} = \frac{p}{t}&lt;/math&gt; 
|-
| Work || || &lt;math&gt;W&lt;/math&gt; || &lt;math&gt;W = F s = F v t = p v &lt;/math&gt; 
|-
| Energy || || &lt;math&gt;E&lt;/math&gt; || &lt;math&gt;E = \frac{W}{t} = F v = F a t = p a&lt;/math&gt; 
|-
|}

==Linear motion==
Linear Motion referes to any motion moving in a straight line from one point to another without changing it's direction

===Linear Motion with constant speed over time===
Any Linear Motion that has constant speed at all time can be expressed as
* Speed
: &lt;math&gt;v(t) = V&lt;/math&gt;

* Acceleration
: &lt;math&gt;a(t) = 0&lt;/math&gt;

* Distance
: &lt;math&gt;s(t) = V t&lt;/math&gt;

===Linear Motion with changing speed over changing time===
For any Linear Motion travels at different speed at different time ,math&gt; (v_o,t_o) - (v,t)&lt;/math&gt;

Change in Speed
: &lt;math&gt;\Delta v =  v - v_o&lt;/math&gt;

Change in Time
: ∆t = &lt;math&gt;t - t_o&lt;/math&gt;

The ratio of Change in Speed over Change in Time gives the Accelerarion of the motion or The Rate of Change of Velocity versus Time
:&lt;math&gt;  a = \frac{\Delta v}{\Delta t} = \frac{v - v_o}{t - t_o}&lt;/math&gt;
From above,
: &lt;math&gt;\Delta v = a \Delta t&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;\Delta t = \frac{\Delta v}{a} = \frac{v - v_o}{a} &lt;/math&gt;

: &lt;math&gt;v = v_o + a (t - t_o)&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;v = v_o + a \Delta t&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;v = v_o + \Delta v&lt;/math&gt;

: &lt;math&gt;s = v_o \Delta t + \frac{1}{2} \Delta v \Delta t&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;s = \Delta t [v_o  + \frac{1}{2} \Delta v ]&lt;/math&gt;

{{BookCat}}

# [[Curve motion]]
# [[Circular motion]]
# [[Oscillation motion]]
# [[Wave motion]]
# [[Momentum motion]]
{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>b1966a4pnceawz5i7me1ttmsuwkxroo</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4680512</id>
      <parentid>4680511</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T17:15:37Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-59225-07</username>
        <id>3630623</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Linear Motion with changing speed over changing time */</comment>
      <origin>4680512</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2081" sha1="268ushb7bxc44gqdz30bbxxyw3xjrcl" xml:space="preserve">Motion represents a movement of an object from one place to another place . For example, push a cart to travel from point A to point B

==Motion's characteristics==
All motion process the following characteristics

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=100%
! Motion !! Definition !! Symbol !! Formual
|-
| Speed || || &lt;math&gt;v&lt;/math&gt;  ||&lt;math&gt;v = \frac{s}{t}&lt;/math&gt; 
|-
| Acceleration || || &lt;math&gt;a&lt;/math&gt; || &lt;math&gt;a = \frac{v}{t}&lt;/math&gt; 
|-
| Distance || || &lt;math&gt;s&lt;/math&gt;  || &lt;math&gt;S = v t = a t^2 &lt;/math&gt; 
|-
| Force || || &lt;math&gt;F&lt;/math&gt;  || &lt;math&gt;F = ma = \frac{mv}{t} = \frac{p}{t}&lt;/math&gt; 
|-
| Work || || &lt;math&gt;W&lt;/math&gt; || &lt;math&gt;W = F s = F v t = p v &lt;/math&gt; 
|-
| Energy || || &lt;math&gt;E&lt;/math&gt; || &lt;math&gt;E = \frac{W}{t} = F v = F a t = p a&lt;/math&gt; 
|-
|}

==Linear motion==
Linear Motion referes to any motion moving in a straight line from one point to another without changing it's direction

===Linear Motion with constant speed over time===
Any Linear Motion that has constant speed at all time can be expressed as
* Speed
: &lt;math&gt;v(t) = V&lt;/math&gt;

* Acceleration
: &lt;math&gt;a(t) = 0&lt;/math&gt;

* Distance
: &lt;math&gt;s(t) = V t&lt;/math&gt;

===Linear Motion with changing speed over changing time===
For any Linear Motion travels at different speed at different time ,math&gt; (v_o,t_o) - (v,t)&lt;/math&gt;

Change in Speed
: &lt;math&gt;\Delta v =  v - v_o&lt;/math&gt;

Change in Time
: ∆t = &lt;math&gt;t - t_o&lt;/math&gt;

The ratio of Change in Speed over Change in Time gives the Accelerarion of the motion or The Rate of Change of Velocity versus Time
:&lt;math&gt;  a = \frac{\Delta v}{\Delta t} = \frac{v - v_o}{t - t_o}&lt;/math&gt;
From above,
: &lt;math&gt;\Delta v = a \Delta t&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;\Delta t = \frac{\Delta v}{a} = \frac{v - v_o}{a} &lt;/math&gt;
The speed of motion
: &lt;math&gt;v = v_o + a (t - t_o)&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;v = v_o + a \Delta t&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;v = v_o + \Delta v&lt;/math&gt;

: &lt;math&gt;s = v_o \Delta t + \frac{1}{2} \Delta v \Delta t&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;s = \Delta t [v_o  + \frac{1}{2} \Delta v ]&lt;/math&gt;

{{BookCat}}

# [[Curve motion]]
# [[Circular motion]]
# [[Oscillation motion]]
# [[Wave motion]]
# [[Momentum motion]]
{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>268ushb7bxc44gqdz30bbxxyw3xjrcl</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4680513</id>
      <parentid>4680512</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T17:16:37Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-59225-07</username>
        <id>3630623</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Linear Motion with changing speed over changing time */</comment>
      <origin>4680513</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1925" sha1="gvc2c168m2fhstf2ny1oog4r2nbpl9g" xml:space="preserve">Motion represents a movement of an object from one place to another place . For example, push a cart to travel from point A to point B

==Motion's characteristics==
All motion process the following characteristics

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=100%
! Motion !! Definition !! Symbol !! Formual
|-
| Speed || || &lt;math&gt;v&lt;/math&gt;  ||&lt;math&gt;v = \frac{s}{t}&lt;/math&gt; 
|-
| Acceleration || || &lt;math&gt;a&lt;/math&gt; || &lt;math&gt;a = \frac{v}{t}&lt;/math&gt; 
|-
| Distance || || &lt;math&gt;s&lt;/math&gt;  || &lt;math&gt;S = v t = a t^2 &lt;/math&gt; 
|-
| Force || || &lt;math&gt;F&lt;/math&gt;  || &lt;math&gt;F = ma = \frac{mv}{t} = \frac{p}{t}&lt;/math&gt; 
|-
| Work || || &lt;math&gt;W&lt;/math&gt; || &lt;math&gt;W = F s = F v t = p v &lt;/math&gt; 
|-
| Energy || || &lt;math&gt;E&lt;/math&gt; || &lt;math&gt;E = \frac{W}{t} = F v = F a t = p a&lt;/math&gt; 
|-
|}

==Linear motion==
Linear Motion referes to any motion moving in a straight line from one point to another without changing it's direction

===Linear Motion with constant speed over time===
Any Linear Motion that has constant speed at all time can be expressed as
* Speed
: &lt;math&gt;v(t) = V&lt;/math&gt;

* Acceleration
: &lt;math&gt;a(t) = 0&lt;/math&gt;

* Distance
: &lt;math&gt;s(t) = V t&lt;/math&gt;

===Linear Motion with changing speed over changing time===
For any Linear Motion travels at different speed at different time ,math&gt; (v_o,t_o) - (v,t)&lt;/math&gt;

Change in Speed
: &lt;math&gt;\Delta v =  v - v_o&lt;/math&gt;

Change in Time
: ∆t = &lt;math&gt;t - t_o&lt;/math&gt;

The ratio of Change in Speed over Change in Time gives the Accelerarion of the motion or The Rate of Change of Velocity versus Time
:&lt;math&gt;  a = \frac{\Delta v}{\Delta t} = \frac{v - v_o}{t - t_o}&lt;/math&gt;
From above,
: &lt;math&gt;\Delta v = a \Delta t&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;\Delta t = \frac{\Delta v}{a} = \frac{v - v_o}{a} &lt;/math&gt;
The speed of motion
: &lt;math&gt;v = v_o + a (t - t_o)&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;v_o = v - a \Delta t&lt;/math&gt;


{{BookCat}}

# [[Curve motion]]
# [[Circular motion]]
# [[Oscillation motion]]
# [[Wave motion]]
# [[Momentum motion]]
{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>gvc2c168m2fhstf2ny1oog4r2nbpl9g</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4680514</id>
      <parentid>4680513</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T17:17:10Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-59225-07</username>
        <id>3630623</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Linear Motion with changing speed over changing time */</comment>
      <origin>4680514</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1880" sha1="prj70wssurjnocckwnksu3rsjct3v9y" xml:space="preserve">Motion represents a movement of an object from one place to another place . For example, push a cart to travel from point A to point B

==Motion's characteristics==
All motion process the following characteristics

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=100%
! Motion !! Definition !! Symbol !! Formual
|-
| Speed || || &lt;math&gt;v&lt;/math&gt;  ||&lt;math&gt;v = \frac{s}{t}&lt;/math&gt; 
|-
| Acceleration || || &lt;math&gt;a&lt;/math&gt; || &lt;math&gt;a = \frac{v}{t}&lt;/math&gt; 
|-
| Distance || || &lt;math&gt;s&lt;/math&gt;  || &lt;math&gt;S = v t = a t^2 &lt;/math&gt; 
|-
| Force || || &lt;math&gt;F&lt;/math&gt;  || &lt;math&gt;F = ma = \frac{mv}{t} = \frac{p}{t}&lt;/math&gt; 
|-
| Work || || &lt;math&gt;W&lt;/math&gt; || &lt;math&gt;W = F s = F v t = p v &lt;/math&gt; 
|-
| Energy || || &lt;math&gt;E&lt;/math&gt; || &lt;math&gt;E = \frac{W}{t} = F v = F a t = p a&lt;/math&gt; 
|-
|}

==Linear motion==
Linear Motion referes to any motion moving in a straight line from one point to another without changing it's direction

===Linear Motion with constant speed over time===
Any Linear Motion that has constant speed at all time can be expressed as
* Speed
: &lt;math&gt;v(t) = V&lt;/math&gt;

* Acceleration
: &lt;math&gt;a(t) = 0&lt;/math&gt;

* Distance
: &lt;math&gt;s(t) = V t&lt;/math&gt;

===Linear Motion with changing speed over changing time===
For any Linear Motion travels at different speed at different time ,math&gt; (v_o,t_o) - (v,t)&lt;/math&gt;

Change in Speed
: &lt;math&gt;\Delta v =  v - v_o&lt;/math&gt;

Change in Time
: ∆t = &lt;math&gt;t - t_o&lt;/math&gt;

The ratio of Change in Speed over Change in Time gives the Accelerarion of the motion
:&lt;math&gt;  a = \frac{\Delta v}{\Delta t} = \frac{v - v_o}{t - t_o}&lt;/math&gt;
From above,
: &lt;math&gt;\Delta v = a \Delta t&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;\Delta t = \frac{\Delta v}{a} = \frac{v - v_o}{a} &lt;/math&gt;

The speed of motion
: &lt;math&gt;v = v_o + a (t - t_o)&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;v_o = v - a \Delta t&lt;/math&gt;


{{BookCat}}

# [[Curve motion]]
# [[Circular motion]]
# [[Oscillation motion]]
# [[Wave motion]]
# [[Momentum motion]]
{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>prj70wssurjnocckwnksu3rsjct3v9y</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4680516</id>
      <parentid>4680514</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T17:18:36Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-59225-07</username>
        <id>3630623</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Linear Motion with changing speed over changing time */</comment>
      <origin>4680516</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1967" sha1="tksipgjpg57fkmzxwtekkngesymd8sj" xml:space="preserve">Motion represents a movement of an object from one place to another place . For example, push a cart to travel from point A to point B

==Motion's characteristics==
All motion process the following characteristics

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=100%
! Motion !! Definition !! Symbol !! Formual
|-
| Speed || || &lt;math&gt;v&lt;/math&gt;  ||&lt;math&gt;v = \frac{s}{t}&lt;/math&gt; 
|-
| Acceleration || || &lt;math&gt;a&lt;/math&gt; || &lt;math&gt;a = \frac{v}{t}&lt;/math&gt; 
|-
| Distance || || &lt;math&gt;s&lt;/math&gt;  || &lt;math&gt;S = v t = a t^2 &lt;/math&gt; 
|-
| Force || || &lt;math&gt;F&lt;/math&gt;  || &lt;math&gt;F = ma = \frac{mv}{t} = \frac{p}{t}&lt;/math&gt; 
|-
| Work || || &lt;math&gt;W&lt;/math&gt; || &lt;math&gt;W = F s = F v t = p v &lt;/math&gt; 
|-
| Energy || || &lt;math&gt;E&lt;/math&gt; || &lt;math&gt;E = \frac{W}{t} = F v = F a t = p a&lt;/math&gt; 
|-
|}

==Linear motion==
Linear Motion referes to any motion moving in a straight line from one point to another without changing it's direction

===Linear Motion with constant speed over time===
Any Linear Motion that has constant speed at all time can be expressed as
* Speed
: &lt;math&gt;v(t) = V&lt;/math&gt;

* Acceleration
: &lt;math&gt;a(t) = 0&lt;/math&gt;

* Distance
: &lt;math&gt;s(t) = V t&lt;/math&gt;

===Linear Motion with changing speed over changing time===
For any Linear Motion travels at different speed at different time ,math&gt; (v_o,t_o) - (v,t)&lt;/math&gt;

Change in Speed
: &lt;math&gt;\Delta v =  v - v_o&lt;/math&gt;

Change in Time
: ∆t = &lt;math&gt;t - t_o&lt;/math&gt;

The ratio of Change in Speed over Change in Time gives the Accelerarion of the motion
:&lt;math&gt;  a = \frac{\Delta v}{\Delta t} = \frac{v - v_o}{t - t_o}&lt;/math&gt;
From above,
: &lt;math&gt;\Delta v = a \Delta t&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;\Delta t = \frac{\Delta v}{a} = \frac{v - v_o}{a} &lt;/math&gt;

The speed of motion
: &lt;math&gt;v = v_o + a (t - t_o)&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;v_o = v - a \Delta t&lt;/math&gt;

The distance travels of motion
: &lt;math&gt;s = \\Delta t {v_o + \frac{\Delta v}{2}} &lt;/math&gt;

{{BookCat}}

# [[Curve motion]]
# [[Circular motion]]
# [[Oscillation motion]]
# [[Wave motion]]
# [[Momentum motion]]
{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>tksipgjpg57fkmzxwtekkngesymd8sj</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4680517</id>
      <parentid>4680516</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T17:18:51Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-59225-07</username>
        <id>3630623</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Linear Motion with changing speed over changing time */</comment>
      <origin>4680517</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1966" sha1="di8m6zj6mjf1xvx9lz0vl7tv4hk5ty4" xml:space="preserve">Motion represents a movement of an object from one place to another place . For example, push a cart to travel from point A to point B

==Motion's characteristics==
All motion process the following characteristics

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=100%
! Motion !! Definition !! Symbol !! Formual
|-
| Speed || || &lt;math&gt;v&lt;/math&gt;  ||&lt;math&gt;v = \frac{s}{t}&lt;/math&gt; 
|-
| Acceleration || || &lt;math&gt;a&lt;/math&gt; || &lt;math&gt;a = \frac{v}{t}&lt;/math&gt; 
|-
| Distance || || &lt;math&gt;s&lt;/math&gt;  || &lt;math&gt;S = v t = a t^2 &lt;/math&gt; 
|-
| Force || || &lt;math&gt;F&lt;/math&gt;  || &lt;math&gt;F = ma = \frac{mv}{t} = \frac{p}{t}&lt;/math&gt; 
|-
| Work || || &lt;math&gt;W&lt;/math&gt; || &lt;math&gt;W = F s = F v t = p v &lt;/math&gt; 
|-
| Energy || || &lt;math&gt;E&lt;/math&gt; || &lt;math&gt;E = \frac{W}{t} = F v = F a t = p a&lt;/math&gt; 
|-
|}

==Linear motion==
Linear Motion referes to any motion moving in a straight line from one point to another without changing it's direction

===Linear Motion with constant speed over time===
Any Linear Motion that has constant speed at all time can be expressed as
* Speed
: &lt;math&gt;v(t) = V&lt;/math&gt;

* Acceleration
: &lt;math&gt;a(t) = 0&lt;/math&gt;

* Distance
: &lt;math&gt;s(t) = V t&lt;/math&gt;

===Linear Motion with changing speed over changing time===
For any Linear Motion travels at different speed at different time ,math&gt; (v_o,t_o) - (v,t)&lt;/math&gt;

Change in Speed
: &lt;math&gt;\Delta v =  v - v_o&lt;/math&gt;

Change in Time
: ∆t = &lt;math&gt;t - t_o&lt;/math&gt;

The ratio of Change in Speed over Change in Time gives the Accelerarion of the motion
:&lt;math&gt;  a = \frac{\Delta v}{\Delta t} = \frac{v - v_o}{t - t_o}&lt;/math&gt;
From above,
: &lt;math&gt;\Delta v = a \Delta t&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;\Delta t = \frac{\Delta v}{a} = \frac{v - v_o}{a} &lt;/math&gt;

The speed of motion
: &lt;math&gt;v = v_o + a (t - t_o)&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;v_o = v - a \Delta t&lt;/math&gt;

The distance travels of motion
: &lt;math&gt;s = \Delta t {v_o + \frac{\Delta v}{2}} &lt;/math&gt;

{{BookCat}}

# [[Curve motion]]
# [[Circular motion]]
# [[Oscillation motion]]
# [[Wave motion]]
# [[Momentum motion]]
{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>di8m6zj6mjf1xvx9lz0vl7tv4hk5ty4</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4680518</id>
      <parentid>4680517</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T17:19:12Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-59225-07</username>
        <id>3630623</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Linear Motion with changing speed over changing time */</comment>
      <origin>4680518</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1966" sha1="gjp8l4o8cdzvsiyapfuyr8h70ri4jwu" xml:space="preserve">Motion represents a movement of an object from one place to another place . For example, push a cart to travel from point A to point B

==Motion's characteristics==
All motion process the following characteristics

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=100%
! Motion !! Definition !! Symbol !! Formual
|-
| Speed || || &lt;math&gt;v&lt;/math&gt;  ||&lt;math&gt;v = \frac{s}{t}&lt;/math&gt; 
|-
| Acceleration || || &lt;math&gt;a&lt;/math&gt; || &lt;math&gt;a = \frac{v}{t}&lt;/math&gt; 
|-
| Distance || || &lt;math&gt;s&lt;/math&gt;  || &lt;math&gt;S = v t = a t^2 &lt;/math&gt; 
|-
| Force || || &lt;math&gt;F&lt;/math&gt;  || &lt;math&gt;F = ma = \frac{mv}{t} = \frac{p}{t}&lt;/math&gt; 
|-
| Work || || &lt;math&gt;W&lt;/math&gt; || &lt;math&gt;W = F s = F v t = p v &lt;/math&gt; 
|-
| Energy || || &lt;math&gt;E&lt;/math&gt; || &lt;math&gt;E = \frac{W}{t} = F v = F a t = p a&lt;/math&gt; 
|-
|}

==Linear motion==
Linear Motion referes to any motion moving in a straight line from one point to another without changing it's direction

===Linear Motion with constant speed over time===
Any Linear Motion that has constant speed at all time can be expressed as
* Speed
: &lt;math&gt;v(t) = V&lt;/math&gt;

* Acceleration
: &lt;math&gt;a(t) = 0&lt;/math&gt;

* Distance
: &lt;math&gt;s(t) = V t&lt;/math&gt;

===Linear Motion with changing speed over changing time===
For any Linear Motion travels at different speed at different time ,math&gt; (v_o,t_o) - (v,t)&lt;/math&gt;

Change in Speed
: &lt;math&gt;\Delta v =  v - v_o&lt;/math&gt;

Change in Time
: ∆t = &lt;math&gt;t - t_o&lt;/math&gt;

The ratio of Change in Speed over Change in Time gives the Accelerarion of the motion
:&lt;math&gt;  a = \frac{\Delta v}{\Delta t} = \frac{v - v_o}{t - t_o}&lt;/math&gt;
From above,
: &lt;math&gt;\Delta v = a \Delta t&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;\Delta t = \frac{\Delta v}{a} = \frac{v - v_o}{a} &lt;/math&gt;

The speed of motion
: &lt;math&gt;v = v_o + a (t - t_o)&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;v_o = v - a \Delta t&lt;/math&gt;

The distance travels of motion
: &lt;math&gt;s = \Delta t (v_o + \frac{\Delta v}{2}) &lt;/math&gt;

{{BookCat}}

# [[Curve motion]]
# [[Circular motion]]
# [[Oscillation motion]]
# [[Wave motion]]
# [[Momentum motion]]
{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>gjp8l4o8cdzvsiyapfuyr8h70ri4jwu</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4680519</id>
      <parentid>4680518</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T17:20:15Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-59225-07</username>
        <id>3630623</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Linear Motion with changing speed over changing time */</comment>
      <origin>4680519</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2050" sha1="8ido7swbgzfn3aqmiaitqtcm6cxfby7" xml:space="preserve">Motion represents a movement of an object from one place to another place . For example, push a cart to travel from point A to point B

==Motion's characteristics==
All motion process the following characteristics

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=100%
! Motion !! Definition !! Symbol !! Formual
|-
| Speed || || &lt;math&gt;v&lt;/math&gt;  ||&lt;math&gt;v = \frac{s}{t}&lt;/math&gt; 
|-
| Acceleration || || &lt;math&gt;a&lt;/math&gt; || &lt;math&gt;a = \frac{v}{t}&lt;/math&gt; 
|-
| Distance || || &lt;math&gt;s&lt;/math&gt;  || &lt;math&gt;S = v t = a t^2 &lt;/math&gt; 
|-
| Force || || &lt;math&gt;F&lt;/math&gt;  || &lt;math&gt;F = ma = \frac{mv}{t} = \frac{p}{t}&lt;/math&gt; 
|-
| Work || || &lt;math&gt;W&lt;/math&gt; || &lt;math&gt;W = F s = F v t = p v &lt;/math&gt; 
|-
| Energy || || &lt;math&gt;E&lt;/math&gt; || &lt;math&gt;E = \frac{W}{t} = F v = F a t = p a&lt;/math&gt; 
|-
|}

==Linear motion==
Linear Motion referes to any motion moving in a straight line from one point to another without changing it's direction

===Linear Motion with constant speed over time===
Any Linear Motion that has constant speed at all time can be expressed as
* Speed
: &lt;math&gt;v(t) = V&lt;/math&gt;

* Acceleration
: &lt;math&gt;a(t) = 0&lt;/math&gt;

* Distance
: &lt;math&gt;s(t) = V t&lt;/math&gt;

===Linear Motion with changing speed over changing time===
For any Linear Motion travels at different speed at different time ,math&gt; (v_o,t_o) - (v,t)&lt;/math&gt;

Change in Speed
: &lt;math&gt;\Delta v =  v - v_o&lt;/math&gt;

Change in Time
: ∆t = &lt;math&gt;t - t_o&lt;/math&gt;

The ratio of Change in Speed over Change in Time gives the Accelerarion of the motion
:&lt;math&gt;  a = \frac{\Delta v}{\Delta t} = \frac{v - v_o}{t - t_o}&lt;/math&gt;
From above,
: &lt;math&gt;\Delta v = a \Delta t&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;\Delta t = \frac{\Delta v}{a} = \frac{v - v_o}{a} &lt;/math&gt;

The speed of motion
: &lt;math&gt;v = v_o + a (t - t_o)&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;v_o = v - a \Delta t&lt;/math&gt;

The distance travels of motion
: &lt;math&gt;s = \Delta t (v_o + \frac{\Delta v}{2}) = \Delta t (v_o + \frac{a \Delta t}{2})  &lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;s = \frac{v^2 - v_o^2}{2a]  &lt;/math&gt;
{{BookCat}}

# [[Curve motion]]
# [[Circular motion]]
# [[Oscillation motion]]
# [[Wave motion]]
# [[Momentum motion]]
{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>8ido7swbgzfn3aqmiaitqtcm6cxfby7</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4680520</id>
      <parentid>4680519</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T17:20:35Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-59225-07</username>
        <id>3630623</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Linear Motion with changing speed over changing time */</comment>
      <origin>4680520</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2050" sha1="gezwdfoap4f0s52cswmi49sjahm9cqm" xml:space="preserve">Motion represents a movement of an object from one place to another place . For example, push a cart to travel from point A to point B

==Motion's characteristics==
All motion process the following characteristics

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=100%
! Motion !! Definition !! Symbol !! Formual
|-
| Speed || || &lt;math&gt;v&lt;/math&gt;  ||&lt;math&gt;v = \frac{s}{t}&lt;/math&gt; 
|-
| Acceleration || || &lt;math&gt;a&lt;/math&gt; || &lt;math&gt;a = \frac{v}{t}&lt;/math&gt; 
|-
| Distance || || &lt;math&gt;s&lt;/math&gt;  || &lt;math&gt;S = v t = a t^2 &lt;/math&gt; 
|-
| Force || || &lt;math&gt;F&lt;/math&gt;  || &lt;math&gt;F = ma = \frac{mv}{t} = \frac{p}{t}&lt;/math&gt; 
|-
| Work || || &lt;math&gt;W&lt;/math&gt; || &lt;math&gt;W = F s = F v t = p v &lt;/math&gt; 
|-
| Energy || || &lt;math&gt;E&lt;/math&gt; || &lt;math&gt;E = \frac{W}{t} = F v = F a t = p a&lt;/math&gt; 
|-
|}

==Linear motion==
Linear Motion referes to any motion moving in a straight line from one point to another without changing it's direction

===Linear Motion with constant speed over time===
Any Linear Motion that has constant speed at all time can be expressed as
* Speed
: &lt;math&gt;v(t) = V&lt;/math&gt;

* Acceleration
: &lt;math&gt;a(t) = 0&lt;/math&gt;

* Distance
: &lt;math&gt;s(t) = V t&lt;/math&gt;

===Linear Motion with changing speed over changing time===
For any Linear Motion travels at different speed at different time ,math&gt; (v_o,t_o) - (v,t)&lt;/math&gt;

Change in Speed
: &lt;math&gt;\Delta v =  v - v_o&lt;/math&gt;

Change in Time
: ∆t = &lt;math&gt;t - t_o&lt;/math&gt;

The ratio of Change in Speed over Change in Time gives the Accelerarion of the motion
:&lt;math&gt;  a = \frac{\Delta v}{\Delta t} = \frac{v - v_o}{t - t_o}&lt;/math&gt;
From above,
: &lt;math&gt;\Delta v = a \Delta t&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;\Delta t = \frac{\Delta v}{a} = \frac{v - v_o}{a} &lt;/math&gt;

The speed of motion
: &lt;math&gt;v = v_o + a (t - t_o)&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;v_o = v - a \Delta t&lt;/math&gt;

The distance travels of motion
: &lt;math&gt;s = \Delta t (v_o + \frac{\Delta v}{2}) = \Delta t (v_o + \frac{a \Delta t}{2})  &lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;s = \frac{v^2 - v_o^2}{2a}  &lt;/math&gt;
{{BookCat}}

# [[Curve motion]]
# [[Circular motion]]
# [[Oscillation motion]]
# [[Wave motion]]
# [[Momentum motion]]
{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>gezwdfoap4f0s52cswmi49sjahm9cqm</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4680521</id>
      <parentid>4680520</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T17:21:10Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-59225-07</username>
        <id>3630623</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Linear Motion with changing speed over changing time */</comment>
      <origin>4680521</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2143" sha1="9icbh6g66w0ntqy5nk2thr97871glps" xml:space="preserve">Motion represents a movement of an object from one place to another place . For example, push a cart to travel from point A to point B

==Motion's characteristics==
All motion process the following characteristics

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=100%
! Motion !! Definition !! Symbol !! Formual
|-
| Speed || || &lt;math&gt;v&lt;/math&gt;  ||&lt;math&gt;v = \frac{s}{t}&lt;/math&gt; 
|-
| Acceleration || || &lt;math&gt;a&lt;/math&gt; || &lt;math&gt;a = \frac{v}{t}&lt;/math&gt; 
|-
| Distance || || &lt;math&gt;s&lt;/math&gt;  || &lt;math&gt;S = v t = a t^2 &lt;/math&gt; 
|-
| Force || || &lt;math&gt;F&lt;/math&gt;  || &lt;math&gt;F = ma = \frac{mv}{t} = \frac{p}{t}&lt;/math&gt; 
|-
| Work || || &lt;math&gt;W&lt;/math&gt; || &lt;math&gt;W = F s = F v t = p v &lt;/math&gt; 
|-
| Energy || || &lt;math&gt;E&lt;/math&gt; || &lt;math&gt;E = \frac{W}{t} = F v = F a t = p a&lt;/math&gt; 
|-
|}

==Linear motion==
Linear Motion referes to any motion moving in a straight line from one point to another without changing it's direction

===Linear Motion with constant speed over time===
Any Linear Motion that has constant speed at all time can be expressed as
* Speed
: &lt;math&gt;v(t) = V&lt;/math&gt;

* Acceleration
: &lt;math&gt;a(t) = 0&lt;/math&gt;

* Distance
: &lt;math&gt;s(t) = V t&lt;/math&gt;

===Linear Motion with changing speed over changing time===
For any Linear Motion travels at different speed at different time ,math&gt; (v_o,t_o) - (v,t)&lt;/math&gt;

Change in Speed
: &lt;math&gt;\Delta v =  v - v_o&lt;/math&gt;

Change in Time
: ∆t = &lt;math&gt;t - t_o&lt;/math&gt;

The ratio of Change in Speed over Change in Time gives the Accelerarion of the motion
:&lt;math&gt;  a = \frac{\Delta v}{\Delta t} = \frac{v - v_o}{t - t_o}&lt;/math&gt;
From above,
: &lt;math&gt;\Delta v = a \Delta t&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;\Delta t = \frac{\Delta v}{a} = \frac{v - v_o}{a} &lt;/math&gt;

The speed of motion
: &lt;math&gt;v = v_o + a (t - t_o)&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;v_o = v - a \Delta t&lt;/math&gt;

The distance travels of motion
: &lt;math&gt;s = \Delta t (v_o + \frac{\Delta v}{2}) = \Delta t (v_o + \frac{a \Delta t}{2})  &lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;s = \Delta t (v - \frac{\Delta v}{2}) = \Delta t (v - \frac{a \Delta t}{2})  &lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;s = \frac{v^2 - v_o^2}{2a}  &lt;/math&gt;
{{BookCat}}

# [[Curve motion]]
# [[Circular motion]]
# [[Oscillation motion]]
# [[Wave motion]]
# [[Momentum motion]]
{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>9icbh6g66w0ntqy5nk2thr97871glps</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4680522</id>
      <parentid>4680521</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T17:23:33Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-59225-07</username>
        <id>3630623</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4680522</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2286" sha1="kfif6gv2u3z1t2h17kd1ijmmzktcm0h" xml:space="preserve">Motion represents a movement of an object from one place to another place . For example, push a cart to travel from point A to point B

==Motion's characteristics==
All motion process the following characteristics

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=100%
! Motion !! Definition !! Symbol !! Formual
|-
| Speed || || &lt;math&gt;v&lt;/math&gt;  ||&lt;math&gt;v = \frac{s}{t}&lt;/math&gt; 
|-
| Acceleration || || &lt;math&gt;a&lt;/math&gt; || &lt;math&gt;a = \frac{v}{t}&lt;/math&gt; 
|-
| Distance || || &lt;math&gt;s&lt;/math&gt;  || &lt;math&gt;S = v t = a t^2 &lt;/math&gt; 
|-
| Force || || &lt;math&gt;F&lt;/math&gt;  || &lt;math&gt;F = ma = \frac{mv}{t} = \frac{p}{t}&lt;/math&gt; 
|-
| Work || || &lt;math&gt;W&lt;/math&gt; || &lt;math&gt;W = F s = F v t = p v &lt;/math&gt; 
|-
| Energy || || &lt;math&gt;E&lt;/math&gt; || &lt;math&gt;E = \frac{W}{t} = F v = F a t = p a&lt;/math&gt; 
|-
|}

==Linear motion==
Linear Motion referes to any motion moving in a straight line from one point to another without changing it's direction

===Linear Motion with constant speed over time===
Any Linear Motion that has constant speed at all time can be expressed as
* Speed
: &lt;math&gt;v(t) = V&lt;/math&gt;

* Acceleration
: &lt;math&gt;a(t) = 0&lt;/math&gt;

* Distance
: &lt;math&gt;s(t) = V t&lt;/math&gt;

===Linear Motion with changing speed over changing time===
For any Linear Motion travels at different speed at different time ,math&gt; (v_o,t_o) - (v,t)&lt;/math&gt;

Change in Speed
: &lt;math&gt;\Delta v =  v - v_o&lt;/math&gt;

Change in Time
: ∆t = &lt;math&gt;t - t_o&lt;/math&gt;

The ratio of Change in Speed over Change in Time gives the Accelerarion of the motion
:&lt;math&gt;  a = \frac{\Delta v}{\Delta t} = \frac{v - v_o}{t - t_o}&lt;/math&gt;
From above,
: &lt;math&gt;\Delta v = a \Delta t&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;\Delta t = \frac{\Delta v}{a} = \frac{v - v_o}{a} &lt;/math&gt;

The speed of motion
: &lt;math&gt;v = v_o + a (t - t_o)&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;v_o = v - a \Delta t&lt;/math&gt;

The distance travels of motion
: &lt;math&gt;s = \Delta t (v_o + \frac{\Delta v}{2}) = \Delta t (v_o + \frac{a \Delta t}{2})  &lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;s = \Delta t (v - \frac{\Delta v}{2}) = \Delta t (v - \frac{a \Delta t}{2})  &lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;s = \frac{v^2 - v_o^2}{2a}  &lt;/math&gt;
{{BookCat}}

# [[Curve motion]]
==Circular motion==
: &lt;math&gt;s = 2 \pi&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;v = \frac{s}{t} = \frac{2 \pi}{t} = 2 \pi f&lt; = \omega&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;a = \frac{v}{t} = \frac{\omega}{t}&lt;/math&gt;

# [[Oscillation motion]]
# [[Wave motion]]
# [[Momentum motion]]
{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>kfif6gv2u3z1t2h17kd1ijmmzktcm0h</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4680523</id>
      <parentid>4680522</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T17:23:54Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-59225-07</username>
        <id>3630623</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Circular motion */</comment>
      <origin>4680523</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2285" sha1="knl2gaijdj865wp9c9hx683wnx9wv9f" xml:space="preserve">Motion represents a movement of an object from one place to another place . For example, push a cart to travel from point A to point B

==Motion's characteristics==
All motion process the following characteristics

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=100%
! Motion !! Definition !! Symbol !! Formual
|-
| Speed || || &lt;math&gt;v&lt;/math&gt;  ||&lt;math&gt;v = \frac{s}{t}&lt;/math&gt; 
|-
| Acceleration || || &lt;math&gt;a&lt;/math&gt; || &lt;math&gt;a = \frac{v}{t}&lt;/math&gt; 
|-
| Distance || || &lt;math&gt;s&lt;/math&gt;  || &lt;math&gt;S = v t = a t^2 &lt;/math&gt; 
|-
| Force || || &lt;math&gt;F&lt;/math&gt;  || &lt;math&gt;F = ma = \frac{mv}{t} = \frac{p}{t}&lt;/math&gt; 
|-
| Work || || &lt;math&gt;W&lt;/math&gt; || &lt;math&gt;W = F s = F v t = p v &lt;/math&gt; 
|-
| Energy || || &lt;math&gt;E&lt;/math&gt; || &lt;math&gt;E = \frac{W}{t} = F v = F a t = p a&lt;/math&gt; 
|-
|}

==Linear motion==
Linear Motion referes to any motion moving in a straight line from one point to another without changing it's direction

===Linear Motion with constant speed over time===
Any Linear Motion that has constant speed at all time can be expressed as
* Speed
: &lt;math&gt;v(t) = V&lt;/math&gt;

* Acceleration
: &lt;math&gt;a(t) = 0&lt;/math&gt;

* Distance
: &lt;math&gt;s(t) = V t&lt;/math&gt;

===Linear Motion with changing speed over changing time===
For any Linear Motion travels at different speed at different time ,math&gt; (v_o,t_o) - (v,t)&lt;/math&gt;

Change in Speed
: &lt;math&gt;\Delta v =  v - v_o&lt;/math&gt;

Change in Time
: ∆t = &lt;math&gt;t - t_o&lt;/math&gt;

The ratio of Change in Speed over Change in Time gives the Accelerarion of the motion
:&lt;math&gt;  a = \frac{\Delta v}{\Delta t} = \frac{v - v_o}{t - t_o}&lt;/math&gt;
From above,
: &lt;math&gt;\Delta v = a \Delta t&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;\Delta t = \frac{\Delta v}{a} = \frac{v - v_o}{a} &lt;/math&gt;

The speed of motion
: &lt;math&gt;v = v_o + a (t - t_o)&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;v_o = v - a \Delta t&lt;/math&gt;

The distance travels of motion
: &lt;math&gt;s = \Delta t (v_o + \frac{\Delta v}{2}) = \Delta t (v_o + \frac{a \Delta t}{2})  &lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;s = \Delta t (v - \frac{\Delta v}{2}) = \Delta t (v - \frac{a \Delta t}{2})  &lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;s = \frac{v^2 - v_o^2}{2a}  &lt;/math&gt;
{{BookCat}}

# [[Curve motion]]
==Circular motion==
: &lt;math&gt;s = 2 \pi&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;v = \frac{s}{t} = \frac{2 \pi}{t} = 2 \pi f = \omega&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;a = \frac{v}{t} = \frac{\omega}{t}&lt;/math&gt;

# [[Oscillation motion]]
# [[Wave motion]]
# [[Momentum motion]]
{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>knl2gaijdj865wp9c9hx683wnx9wv9f</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4680524</id>
      <parentid>4680523</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T17:25:10Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-59225-07</username>
        <id>3630623</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4680524</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2434" sha1="stkhaoakrw2ubi1d020pej355b5q4ts" xml:space="preserve">Motion represents a movement of an object from one place to another place . For example, push a cart to travel from point A to point B

==Motion's characteristics==
All motion process the following characteristics

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=100%
! Motion !! Definition !! Symbol !! Formual
|-
| Speed || || &lt;math&gt;v&lt;/math&gt;  ||&lt;math&gt;v = \frac{s}{t}&lt;/math&gt; 
|-
| Acceleration || || &lt;math&gt;a&lt;/math&gt; || &lt;math&gt;a = \frac{v}{t}&lt;/math&gt; 
|-
| Distance || || &lt;math&gt;s&lt;/math&gt;  || &lt;math&gt;S = v t = a t^2 &lt;/math&gt; 
|-
| Force || || &lt;math&gt;F&lt;/math&gt;  || &lt;math&gt;F = ma = \frac{mv}{t} = \frac{p}{t}&lt;/math&gt; 
|-
| Work || || &lt;math&gt;W&lt;/math&gt; || &lt;math&gt;W = F s = F v t = p v &lt;/math&gt; 
|-
| Energy || || &lt;math&gt;E&lt;/math&gt; || &lt;math&gt;E = \frac{W}{t} = F v = F a t = p a&lt;/math&gt; 
|-
|}

==Linear motion==
Linear Motion referes to any motion moving in a straight line from one point to another without changing it's direction

===Linear Motion with constant speed over time===
Any Linear Motion that has constant speed at all time can be expressed as
* Speed
: &lt;math&gt;v(t) = V&lt;/math&gt;

* Acceleration
: &lt;math&gt;a(t) = 0&lt;/math&gt;

* Distance
: &lt;math&gt;s(t) = V t&lt;/math&gt;

===Linear Motion with changing speed over changing time===
For any Linear Motion travels at different speed at different time ,math&gt; (v_o,t_o) - (v,t)&lt;/math&gt;

Change in Speed
: &lt;math&gt;\Delta v =  v - v_o&lt;/math&gt;

Change in Time
: ∆t = &lt;math&gt;t - t_o&lt;/math&gt;

The ratio of Change in Speed over Change in Time gives the Accelerarion of the motion
:&lt;math&gt;  a = \frac{\Delta v}{\Delta t} = \frac{v - v_o}{t - t_o}&lt;/math&gt;
From above,
: &lt;math&gt;\Delta v = a \Delta t&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;\Delta t = \frac{\Delta v}{a} = \frac{v - v_o}{a} &lt;/math&gt;

The speed of motion
: &lt;math&gt;v = v_o + a (t - t_o)&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;v_o = v - a \Delta t&lt;/math&gt;

The distance travels of motion
: &lt;math&gt;s = \Delta t (v_o + \frac{\Delta v}{2}) = \Delta t (v_o + \frac{a \Delta t}{2})  &lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;s = \Delta t (v - \frac{\Delta v}{2}) = \Delta t (v - \frac{a \Delta t}{2})  &lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;s = \frac{v^2 - v_o^2}{2a}  &lt;/math&gt;
{{BookCat}}

# [[Curve motion]]
==Circular motion==
: &lt;math&gt;s = 2 \pi&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;v = \frac{s}{t} = \frac{2 \pi}{t} = 2 \pi f = \omega&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;a = \frac{v}{t} = \frac{\omega}{t}&lt;/math&gt;

# [[Oscillation motion]]

==Wave motion==
: &lt;math&gt;s = \lambda&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;v = \frac{s}{t} = \frac{\lambda}{t} = \lambda f = \omega&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;a = \frac{v}{t} = \frac{\omega}{t}&lt;/math&gt;

# [[Momentum motion]]
{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>stkhaoakrw2ubi1d020pej355b5q4ts</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4680525</id>
      <parentid>4680524</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T17:26:57Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-59225-07</username>
        <id>3630623</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Wave motion */</comment>
      <origin>4680525</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2559" sha1="2bfh7uhdl6eeqsjzwzoyg4k4w48ovhk" xml:space="preserve">Motion represents a movement of an object from one place to another place . For example, push a cart to travel from point A to point B

==Motion's characteristics==
All motion process the following characteristics

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=100%
! Motion !! Definition !! Symbol !! Formual
|-
| Speed || || &lt;math&gt;v&lt;/math&gt;  ||&lt;math&gt;v = \frac{s}{t}&lt;/math&gt; 
|-
| Acceleration || || &lt;math&gt;a&lt;/math&gt; || &lt;math&gt;a = \frac{v}{t}&lt;/math&gt; 
|-
| Distance || || &lt;math&gt;s&lt;/math&gt;  || &lt;math&gt;S = v t = a t^2 &lt;/math&gt; 
|-
| Force || || &lt;math&gt;F&lt;/math&gt;  || &lt;math&gt;F = ma = \frac{mv}{t} = \frac{p}{t}&lt;/math&gt; 
|-
| Work || || &lt;math&gt;W&lt;/math&gt; || &lt;math&gt;W = F s = F v t = p v &lt;/math&gt; 
|-
| Energy || || &lt;math&gt;E&lt;/math&gt; || &lt;math&gt;E = \frac{W}{t} = F v = F a t = p a&lt;/math&gt; 
|-
|}

==Linear motion==
Linear Motion referes to any motion moving in a straight line from one point to another without changing it's direction

===Linear Motion with constant speed over time===
Any Linear Motion that has constant speed at all time can be expressed as
* Speed
: &lt;math&gt;v(t) = V&lt;/math&gt;

* Acceleration
: &lt;math&gt;a(t) = 0&lt;/math&gt;

* Distance
: &lt;math&gt;s(t) = V t&lt;/math&gt;

===Linear Motion with changing speed over changing time===
For any Linear Motion travels at different speed at different time ,math&gt; (v_o,t_o) - (v,t)&lt;/math&gt;

Change in Speed
: &lt;math&gt;\Delta v =  v - v_o&lt;/math&gt;

Change in Time
: ∆t = &lt;math&gt;t - t_o&lt;/math&gt;

The ratio of Change in Speed over Change in Time gives the Accelerarion of the motion
:&lt;math&gt;  a = \frac{\Delta v}{\Delta t} = \frac{v - v_o}{t - t_o}&lt;/math&gt;
From above,
: &lt;math&gt;\Delta v = a \Delta t&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;\Delta t = \frac{\Delta v}{a} = \frac{v - v_o}{a} &lt;/math&gt;

The speed of motion
: &lt;math&gt;v = v_o + a (t - t_o)&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;v_o = v - a \Delta t&lt;/math&gt;

The distance travels of motion
: &lt;math&gt;s = \Delta t (v_o + \frac{\Delta v}{2}) = \Delta t (v_o + \frac{a \Delta t}{2})  &lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;s = \Delta t (v - \frac{\Delta v}{2}) = \Delta t (v - \frac{a \Delta t}{2})  &lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;s = \frac{v^2 - v_o^2}{2a}  &lt;/math&gt;
{{BookCat}}

# [[Curve motion]]
==Circular motion==
: &lt;math&gt;s = 2 \pi&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;v = \frac{s}{t} = \frac{2 \pi}{t} = 2 \pi f = \omega&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;a = \frac{v}{t} = \frac{\omega}{t}&lt;/math&gt;

# [[Oscillation motion]]

==Wave motion==
: &lt;math&gt;s = \lambda&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;v = \frac{s}{t} = \frac{\lambda}{t} = \lambda f = \omega&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;a = \frac{v}{t} = \frac{\omega}{t}&lt;/math&gt;

==Momentum motion==
: &lt;math&gt;p = m v&lt;/math&gt; for v &lt; C
: &lt;math&gt;p = \frac{h}{\lambda} &lt;/math&gt; for v = C
: &lt;math&gt;p = p_o \gamma = p_o&lt;/math&gt; for v &lt; C
{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>2bfh7uhdl6eeqsjzwzoyg4k4w48ovhk</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4680526</id>
      <parentid>4680525</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T17:27:49Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-59225-07</username>
        <id>3630623</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Momentum motion */</comment>
      <origin>4680526</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2597" sha1="8n6x212r79keaj8tgbpa5pi53gy6dco" xml:space="preserve">Motion represents a movement of an object from one place to another place . For example, push a cart to travel from point A to point B

==Motion's characteristics==
All motion process the following characteristics

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=100%
! Motion !! Definition !! Symbol !! Formual
|-
| Speed || || &lt;math&gt;v&lt;/math&gt;  ||&lt;math&gt;v = \frac{s}{t}&lt;/math&gt; 
|-
| Acceleration || || &lt;math&gt;a&lt;/math&gt; || &lt;math&gt;a = \frac{v}{t}&lt;/math&gt; 
|-
| Distance || || &lt;math&gt;s&lt;/math&gt;  || &lt;math&gt;S = v t = a t^2 &lt;/math&gt; 
|-
| Force || || &lt;math&gt;F&lt;/math&gt;  || &lt;math&gt;F = ma = \frac{mv}{t} = \frac{p}{t}&lt;/math&gt; 
|-
| Work || || &lt;math&gt;W&lt;/math&gt; || &lt;math&gt;W = F s = F v t = p v &lt;/math&gt; 
|-
| Energy || || &lt;math&gt;E&lt;/math&gt; || &lt;math&gt;E = \frac{W}{t} = F v = F a t = p a&lt;/math&gt; 
|-
|}

==Linear motion==
Linear Motion referes to any motion moving in a straight line from one point to another without changing it's direction

===Linear Motion with constant speed over time===
Any Linear Motion that has constant speed at all time can be expressed as
* Speed
: &lt;math&gt;v(t) = V&lt;/math&gt;

* Acceleration
: &lt;math&gt;a(t) = 0&lt;/math&gt;

* Distance
: &lt;math&gt;s(t) = V t&lt;/math&gt;

===Linear Motion with changing speed over changing time===
For any Linear Motion travels at different speed at different time ,math&gt; (v_o,t_o) - (v,t)&lt;/math&gt;

Change in Speed
: &lt;math&gt;\Delta v =  v - v_o&lt;/math&gt;

Change in Time
: ∆t = &lt;math&gt;t - t_o&lt;/math&gt;

The ratio of Change in Speed over Change in Time gives the Accelerarion of the motion
:&lt;math&gt;  a = \frac{\Delta v}{\Delta t} = \frac{v - v_o}{t - t_o}&lt;/math&gt;
From above,
: &lt;math&gt;\Delta v = a \Delta t&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;\Delta t = \frac{\Delta v}{a} = \frac{v - v_o}{a} &lt;/math&gt;

The speed of motion
: &lt;math&gt;v = v_o + a (t - t_o)&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;v_o = v - a \Delta t&lt;/math&gt;

The distance travels of motion
: &lt;math&gt;s = \Delta t (v_o + \frac{\Delta v}{2}) = \Delta t (v_o + \frac{a \Delta t}{2})  &lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;s = \Delta t (v - \frac{\Delta v}{2}) = \Delta t (v - \frac{a \Delta t}{2})  &lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;s = \frac{v^2 - v_o^2}{2a}  &lt;/math&gt;
{{BookCat}}

# [[Curve motion]]
==Circular motion==
: &lt;math&gt;s = 2 \pi&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;v = \frac{s}{t} = \frac{2 \pi}{t} = 2 \pi f = \omega&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;a = \frac{v}{t} = \frac{\omega}{t}&lt;/math&gt;

# [[Oscillation motion]]

==Wave motion==
: &lt;math&gt;s = \lambda&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;v = \frac{s}{t} = \frac{\lambda}{t} = \lambda f = \omega&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;a = \frac{v}{t} = \frac{\omega}{t}&lt;/math&gt;

==Momentum motion==
:{|width=100%
|-
| &lt;math&gt;p = m v&lt;/math&gt; || for v &lt; C
|-
| &lt;math&gt;p = \frac{h}{\lambda} &lt;/math&gt; || for v = C
|-
| &lt;math&gt;p = p_o \gamma = p_o&lt;/math&gt; || for v &lt; C
|-
|}
{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>8n6x212r79keaj8tgbpa5pi53gy6dco</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4680529</id>
      <parentid>4680526</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T17:30:13Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-59225-07</username>
        <id>3630623</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Circular motion */</comment>
      <origin>4680529</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2775" sha1="fv251h04g7jayw9gk6yh00i58x9nu8g" xml:space="preserve">Motion represents a movement of an object from one place to another place . For example, push a cart to travel from point A to point B

==Motion's characteristics==
All motion process the following characteristics

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=100%
! Motion !! Definition !! Symbol !! Formual
|-
| Speed || || &lt;math&gt;v&lt;/math&gt;  ||&lt;math&gt;v = \frac{s}{t}&lt;/math&gt; 
|-
| Acceleration || || &lt;math&gt;a&lt;/math&gt; || &lt;math&gt;a = \frac{v}{t}&lt;/math&gt; 
|-
| Distance || || &lt;math&gt;s&lt;/math&gt;  || &lt;math&gt;S = v t = a t^2 &lt;/math&gt; 
|-
| Force || || &lt;math&gt;F&lt;/math&gt;  || &lt;math&gt;F = ma = \frac{mv}{t} = \frac{p}{t}&lt;/math&gt; 
|-
| Work || || &lt;math&gt;W&lt;/math&gt; || &lt;math&gt;W = F s = F v t = p v &lt;/math&gt; 
|-
| Energy || || &lt;math&gt;E&lt;/math&gt; || &lt;math&gt;E = \frac{W}{t} = F v = F a t = p a&lt;/math&gt; 
|-
|}

==Linear motion==
Linear Motion referes to any motion moving in a straight line from one point to another without changing it's direction

===Linear Motion with constant speed over time===
Any Linear Motion that has constant speed at all time can be expressed as
* Speed
: &lt;math&gt;v(t) = V&lt;/math&gt;

* Acceleration
: &lt;math&gt;a(t) = 0&lt;/math&gt;

* Distance
: &lt;math&gt;s(t) = V t&lt;/math&gt;

===Linear Motion with changing speed over changing time===
For any Linear Motion travels at different speed at different time ,math&gt; (v_o,t_o) - (v,t)&lt;/math&gt;

Change in Speed
: &lt;math&gt;\Delta v =  v - v_o&lt;/math&gt;

Change in Time
: ∆t = &lt;math&gt;t - t_o&lt;/math&gt;

The ratio of Change in Speed over Change in Time gives the Accelerarion of the motion
:&lt;math&gt;  a = \frac{\Delta v}{\Delta t} = \frac{v - v_o}{t - t_o}&lt;/math&gt;
From above,
: &lt;math&gt;\Delta v = a \Delta t&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;\Delta t = \frac{\Delta v}{a} = \frac{v - v_o}{a} &lt;/math&gt;

The speed of motion
: &lt;math&gt;v = v_o + a (t - t_o)&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;v_o = v - a \Delta t&lt;/math&gt;

The distance travels of motion
: &lt;math&gt;s = \Delta t (v_o + \frac{\Delta v}{2}) = \Delta t (v_o + \frac{a \Delta t}{2})  &lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;s = \Delta t (v - \frac{\Delta v}{2}) = \Delta t (v - \frac{a \Delta t}{2})  &lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;s = \frac{v^2 - v_o^2}{2a}  &lt;/math&gt;
{{BookCat}}

# [[Curve motion]]
==Circular motion==
: &lt;math&gt;s = 2 \pi&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;v = \frac{s}{t} = \frac{2 \pi}{t} = 2 \pi f = \omega&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;a = \frac{v}{t} = \frac{\omega}{t}&lt;/math&gt;

==Oscillation motion==
: &lt;math&gt;-F_g = F_y&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;-mg = ky&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;g = -\frac{k}{m} y = \frac{d^2}{dy^2}y&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;y = A sin \omega t&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;omega = \sqrt{\frac{k}{m}}&lt;/math&gt;

==Wave motion==
: &lt;math&gt;s = \lambda&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;v = \frac{s}{t} = \frac{\lambda}{t} = \lambda f = \omega&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;a = \frac{v}{t} = \frac{\omega}{t}&lt;/math&gt;

==Momentum motion==
:{|width=100%
|-
| &lt;math&gt;p = m v&lt;/math&gt; || for v &lt; C
|-
| &lt;math&gt;p = \frac{h}{\lambda} &lt;/math&gt; || for v = C
|-
| &lt;math&gt;p = p_o \gamma = p_o&lt;/math&gt; || for v &lt; C
|-
|}
{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>fv251h04g7jayw9gk6yh00i58x9nu8g</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4680530</id>
      <parentid>4680529</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T17:30:25Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-59225-07</username>
        <id>3630623</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Oscillation motion */</comment>
      <origin>4680530</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2776" sha1="5z13pd4c74t9ej3mp3ki5opvcyjker2" xml:space="preserve">Motion represents a movement of an object from one place to another place . For example, push a cart to travel from point A to point B

==Motion's characteristics==
All motion process the following characteristics

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=100%
! Motion !! Definition !! Symbol !! Formual
|-
| Speed || || &lt;math&gt;v&lt;/math&gt;  ||&lt;math&gt;v = \frac{s}{t}&lt;/math&gt; 
|-
| Acceleration || || &lt;math&gt;a&lt;/math&gt; || &lt;math&gt;a = \frac{v}{t}&lt;/math&gt; 
|-
| Distance || || &lt;math&gt;s&lt;/math&gt;  || &lt;math&gt;S = v t = a t^2 &lt;/math&gt; 
|-
| Force || || &lt;math&gt;F&lt;/math&gt;  || &lt;math&gt;F = ma = \frac{mv}{t} = \frac{p}{t}&lt;/math&gt; 
|-
| Work || || &lt;math&gt;W&lt;/math&gt; || &lt;math&gt;W = F s = F v t = p v &lt;/math&gt; 
|-
| Energy || || &lt;math&gt;E&lt;/math&gt; || &lt;math&gt;E = \frac{W}{t} = F v = F a t = p a&lt;/math&gt; 
|-
|}

==Linear motion==
Linear Motion referes to any motion moving in a straight line from one point to another without changing it's direction

===Linear Motion with constant speed over time===
Any Linear Motion that has constant speed at all time can be expressed as
* Speed
: &lt;math&gt;v(t) = V&lt;/math&gt;

* Acceleration
: &lt;math&gt;a(t) = 0&lt;/math&gt;

* Distance
: &lt;math&gt;s(t) = V t&lt;/math&gt;

===Linear Motion with changing speed over changing time===
For any Linear Motion travels at different speed at different time ,math&gt; (v_o,t_o) - (v,t)&lt;/math&gt;

Change in Speed
: &lt;math&gt;\Delta v =  v - v_o&lt;/math&gt;

Change in Time
: ∆t = &lt;math&gt;t - t_o&lt;/math&gt;

The ratio of Change in Speed over Change in Time gives the Accelerarion of the motion
:&lt;math&gt;  a = \frac{\Delta v}{\Delta t} = \frac{v - v_o}{t - t_o}&lt;/math&gt;
From above,
: &lt;math&gt;\Delta v = a \Delta t&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;\Delta t = \frac{\Delta v}{a} = \frac{v - v_o}{a} &lt;/math&gt;

The speed of motion
: &lt;math&gt;v = v_o + a (t - t_o)&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;v_o = v - a \Delta t&lt;/math&gt;

The distance travels of motion
: &lt;math&gt;s = \Delta t (v_o + \frac{\Delta v}{2}) = \Delta t (v_o + \frac{a \Delta t}{2})  &lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;s = \Delta t (v - \frac{\Delta v}{2}) = \Delta t (v - \frac{a \Delta t}{2})  &lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;s = \frac{v^2 - v_o^2}{2a}  &lt;/math&gt;
{{BookCat}}

# [[Curve motion]]
==Circular motion==
: &lt;math&gt;s = 2 \pi&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;v = \frac{s}{t} = \frac{2 \pi}{t} = 2 \pi f = \omega&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;a = \frac{v}{t} = \frac{\omega}{t}&lt;/math&gt;

==Oscillation motion==
: &lt;math&gt;-F_g = F_y&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;-mg = ky&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;g = -\frac{k}{m} y = \frac{d^2}{dy^2}y&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;y = A sin \omega t&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;\omega = \sqrt{\frac{k}{m}}&lt;/math&gt;

==Wave motion==
: &lt;math&gt;s = \lambda&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;v = \frac{s}{t} = \frac{\lambda}{t} = \lambda f = \omega&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;a = \frac{v}{t} = \frac{\omega}{t}&lt;/math&gt;

==Momentum motion==
:{|width=100%
|-
| &lt;math&gt;p = m v&lt;/math&gt; || for v &lt; C
|-
| &lt;math&gt;p = \frac{h}{\lambda} &lt;/math&gt; || for v = C
|-
| &lt;math&gt;p = p_o \gamma = p_o&lt;/math&gt; || for v &lt; C
|-
|}
{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>5z13pd4c74t9ej3mp3ki5opvcyjker2</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4680532</id>
      <parentid>4680530</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T17:32:48Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-59225-07</username>
        <id>3630623</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Oscillation motion */</comment>
      <origin>4680532</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3264" sha1="gwzr3a03yirqlttx4lu9v5btsz9k2gd" xml:space="preserve">Motion represents a movement of an object from one place to another place . For example, push a cart to travel from point A to point B

==Motion's characteristics==
All motion process the following characteristics

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=100%
! Motion !! Definition !! Symbol !! Formual
|-
| Speed || || &lt;math&gt;v&lt;/math&gt;  ||&lt;math&gt;v = \frac{s}{t}&lt;/math&gt; 
|-
| Acceleration || || &lt;math&gt;a&lt;/math&gt; || &lt;math&gt;a = \frac{v}{t}&lt;/math&gt; 
|-
| Distance || || &lt;math&gt;s&lt;/math&gt;  || &lt;math&gt;S = v t = a t^2 &lt;/math&gt; 
|-
| Force || || &lt;math&gt;F&lt;/math&gt;  || &lt;math&gt;F = ma = \frac{mv}{t} = \frac{p}{t}&lt;/math&gt; 
|-
| Work || || &lt;math&gt;W&lt;/math&gt; || &lt;math&gt;W = F s = F v t = p v &lt;/math&gt; 
|-
| Energy || || &lt;math&gt;E&lt;/math&gt; || &lt;math&gt;E = \frac{W}{t} = F v = F a t = p a&lt;/math&gt; 
|-
|}

==Linear motion==
Linear Motion referes to any motion moving in a straight line from one point to another without changing it's direction

===Linear Motion with constant speed over time===
Any Linear Motion that has constant speed at all time can be expressed as
* Speed
: &lt;math&gt;v(t) = V&lt;/math&gt;

* Acceleration
: &lt;math&gt;a(t) = 0&lt;/math&gt;

* Distance
: &lt;math&gt;s(t) = V t&lt;/math&gt;

===Linear Motion with changing speed over changing time===
For any Linear Motion travels at different speed at different time ,math&gt; (v_o,t_o) - (v,t)&lt;/math&gt;

Change in Speed
: &lt;math&gt;\Delta v =  v - v_o&lt;/math&gt;

Change in Time
: ∆t = &lt;math&gt;t - t_o&lt;/math&gt;

The ratio of Change in Speed over Change in Time gives the Accelerarion of the motion
:&lt;math&gt;  a = \frac{\Delta v}{\Delta t} = \frac{v - v_o}{t - t_o}&lt;/math&gt;
From above,
: &lt;math&gt;\Delta v = a \Delta t&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;\Delta t = \frac{\Delta v}{a} = \frac{v - v_o}{a} &lt;/math&gt;

The speed of motion
: &lt;math&gt;v = v_o + a (t - t_o)&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;v_o = v - a \Delta t&lt;/math&gt;

The distance travels of motion
: &lt;math&gt;s = \Delta t (v_o + \frac{\Delta v}{2}) = \Delta t (v_o + \frac{a \Delta t}{2})  &lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;s = \Delta t (v - \frac{\Delta v}{2}) = \Delta t (v - \frac{a \Delta t}{2})  &lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;s = \frac{v^2 - v_o^2}{2a}  &lt;/math&gt;
{{BookCat}}

# [[Curve motion]]
==Circular motion==
: &lt;math&gt;s = 2 \pi&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;v = \frac{s}{t} = \frac{2 \pi}{t} = 2 \pi f = \omega&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;a = \frac{v}{t} = \frac{\omega}{t}&lt;/math&gt;

==Oscillation motion==
===Oscillation of spring motion vertically===
: &lt;math&gt;-F_g = F_y&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;-mg = ky&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;g = -\frac{k}{m} y = \frac{d^2}{dy^2}y&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;y = A sin \omega t&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;\omega = \sqrt{\frac{k}{m}}&lt;/math&gt;

===Oscillation of spring motion horizontally===
: &lt;math&gt;F_a = -F_x&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;ma = -kx&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;a = -\frac{k}{m} x = \frac{d^2}{dy^2}x&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;x = A sin \omega t&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;\omega = \sqrt{\frac{k}{m}}&lt;/math&gt;

===Oscillation of pendulum===
: &lt;math&gt;-F_g = F_y&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;-mg = ky&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;g = -\frac{k}{m} y = \frac{d^2}{dy^2}y&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;y = A sin \omega t&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;\omega = \sqrt{\frac{k}{m}}&lt;/math&gt;

==Wave motion==
: &lt;math&gt;s = \lambda&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;v = \frac{s}{t} = \frac{\lambda}{t} = \lambda f = \omega&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;a = \frac{v}{t} = \frac{\omega}{t}&lt;/math&gt;

==Momentum motion==
:{|width=100%
|-
| &lt;math&gt;p = m v&lt;/math&gt; || for v &lt; C
|-
| &lt;math&gt;p = \frac{h}{\lambda} &lt;/math&gt; || for v = C
|-
| &lt;math&gt;p = p_o \gamma = p_o&lt;/math&gt; || for v &lt; C
|-
|}
{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>gwzr3a03yirqlttx4lu9v5btsz9k2gd</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4680533</id>
      <parentid>4680532</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T17:33:15Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-59225-07</username>
        <id>3630623</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Oscillation motion */</comment>
      <origin>4680533</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3271" sha1="i15q2uy066i770rcz0sb7tnwpgyg1k9" xml:space="preserve">Motion represents a movement of an object from one place to another place . For example, push a cart to travel from point A to point B

==Motion's characteristics==
All motion process the following characteristics

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=100%
! Motion !! Definition !! Symbol !! Formual
|-
| Speed || || &lt;math&gt;v&lt;/math&gt;  ||&lt;math&gt;v = \frac{s}{t}&lt;/math&gt; 
|-
| Acceleration || || &lt;math&gt;a&lt;/math&gt; || &lt;math&gt;a = \frac{v}{t}&lt;/math&gt; 
|-
| Distance || || &lt;math&gt;s&lt;/math&gt;  || &lt;math&gt;S = v t = a t^2 &lt;/math&gt; 
|-
| Force || || &lt;math&gt;F&lt;/math&gt;  || &lt;math&gt;F = ma = \frac{mv}{t} = \frac{p}{t}&lt;/math&gt; 
|-
| Work || || &lt;math&gt;W&lt;/math&gt; || &lt;math&gt;W = F s = F v t = p v &lt;/math&gt; 
|-
| Energy || || &lt;math&gt;E&lt;/math&gt; || &lt;math&gt;E = \frac{W}{t} = F v = F a t = p a&lt;/math&gt; 
|-
|}

==Linear motion==
Linear Motion referes to any motion moving in a straight line from one point to another without changing it's direction

===Linear Motion with constant speed over time===
Any Linear Motion that has constant speed at all time can be expressed as
* Speed
: &lt;math&gt;v(t) = V&lt;/math&gt;

* Acceleration
: &lt;math&gt;a(t) = 0&lt;/math&gt;

* Distance
: &lt;math&gt;s(t) = V t&lt;/math&gt;

===Linear Motion with changing speed over changing time===
For any Linear Motion travels at different speed at different time ,math&gt; (v_o,t_o) - (v,t)&lt;/math&gt;

Change in Speed
: &lt;math&gt;\Delta v =  v - v_o&lt;/math&gt;

Change in Time
: ∆t = &lt;math&gt;t - t_o&lt;/math&gt;

The ratio of Change in Speed over Change in Time gives the Accelerarion of the motion
:&lt;math&gt;  a = \frac{\Delta v}{\Delta t} = \frac{v - v_o}{t - t_o}&lt;/math&gt;
From above,
: &lt;math&gt;\Delta v = a \Delta t&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;\Delta t = \frac{\Delta v}{a} = \frac{v - v_o}{a} &lt;/math&gt;

The speed of motion
: &lt;math&gt;v = v_o + a (t - t_o)&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;v_o = v - a \Delta t&lt;/math&gt;

The distance travels of motion
: &lt;math&gt;s = \Delta t (v_o + \frac{\Delta v}{2}) = \Delta t (v_o + \frac{a \Delta t}{2})  &lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;s = \Delta t (v - \frac{\Delta v}{2}) = \Delta t (v - \frac{a \Delta t}{2})  &lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;s = \frac{v^2 - v_o^2}{2a}  &lt;/math&gt;
{{BookCat}}

# [[Curve motion]]
==Circular motion==
: &lt;math&gt;s = 2 \pi&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;v = \frac{s}{t} = \frac{2 \pi}{t} = 2 \pi f = \omega&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;a = \frac{v}{t} = \frac{\omega}{t}&lt;/math&gt;

==Oscillation motion==
===Oscillation of spring motion vertically===
: &lt;math&gt;-F_g = F_y&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;-mg = ky&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;g = -\frac{k}{m} y = \frac{d^2}{dt^2}y&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;y = A sin \omega t&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;\omega = \sqrt{\frac{k}{m}}&lt;/math&gt;

===Oscillation of spring motion horizontally===
: &lt;math&gt;F_a = -F_x&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;ma = -kx&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;a = -\frac{k}{m} x = \frac{d^2}{dt^2}x&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;x = A sin \omega t&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;\omega = \sqrt{\frac{k}{m}}&lt;/math&gt;

===Oscillation of pendulum===
: &lt;math&gt;-F_g = F_{\theta}&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;-mg = ky&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;g = -\frac{k}{m} y = \frac{d^2}{dy^2}y&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;y = A sin \omega t&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;\omega = \sqrt{\frac{k}{m}}&lt;/math&gt;

==Wave motion==
: &lt;math&gt;s = \lambda&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;v = \frac{s}{t} = \frac{\lambda}{t} = \lambda f = \omega&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;a = \frac{v}{t} = \frac{\omega}{t}&lt;/math&gt;

==Momentum motion==
:{|width=100%
|-
| &lt;math&gt;p = m v&lt;/math&gt; || for v &lt; C
|-
| &lt;math&gt;p = \frac{h}{\lambda} &lt;/math&gt; || for v = C
|-
| &lt;math&gt;p = p_o \gamma = p_o&lt;/math&gt; || for v &lt; C
|-
|}
{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>i15q2uy066i770rcz0sb7tnwpgyg1k9</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4680534</id>
      <parentid>4680533</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T17:34:03Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-59225-07</username>
        <id>3630623</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Oscillation motion */</comment>
      <origin>4680534</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3293" sha1="8l8sxgjlbhk5qw3rg5gs0gf7038hosa" xml:space="preserve">Motion represents a movement of an object from one place to another place . For example, push a cart to travel from point A to point B

==Motion's characteristics==
All motion process the following characteristics

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=100%
! Motion !! Definition !! Symbol !! Formual
|-
| Speed || || &lt;math&gt;v&lt;/math&gt;  ||&lt;math&gt;v = \frac{s}{t}&lt;/math&gt; 
|-
| Acceleration || || &lt;math&gt;a&lt;/math&gt; || &lt;math&gt;a = \frac{v}{t}&lt;/math&gt; 
|-
| Distance || || &lt;math&gt;s&lt;/math&gt;  || &lt;math&gt;S = v t = a t^2 &lt;/math&gt; 
|-
| Force || || &lt;math&gt;F&lt;/math&gt;  || &lt;math&gt;F = ma = \frac{mv}{t} = \frac{p}{t}&lt;/math&gt; 
|-
| Work || || &lt;math&gt;W&lt;/math&gt; || &lt;math&gt;W = F s = F v t = p v &lt;/math&gt; 
|-
| Energy || || &lt;math&gt;E&lt;/math&gt; || &lt;math&gt;E = \frac{W}{t} = F v = F a t = p a&lt;/math&gt; 
|-
|}

==Linear motion==
Linear Motion referes to any motion moving in a straight line from one point to another without changing it's direction

===Linear Motion with constant speed over time===
Any Linear Motion that has constant speed at all time can be expressed as
* Speed
: &lt;math&gt;v(t) = V&lt;/math&gt;

* Acceleration
: &lt;math&gt;a(t) = 0&lt;/math&gt;

* Distance
: &lt;math&gt;s(t) = V t&lt;/math&gt;

===Linear Motion with changing speed over changing time===
For any Linear Motion travels at different speed at different time ,math&gt; (v_o,t_o) - (v,t)&lt;/math&gt;

Change in Speed
: &lt;math&gt;\Delta v =  v - v_o&lt;/math&gt;

Change in Time
: ∆t = &lt;math&gt;t - t_o&lt;/math&gt;

The ratio of Change in Speed over Change in Time gives the Accelerarion of the motion
:&lt;math&gt;  a = \frac{\Delta v}{\Delta t} = \frac{v - v_o}{t - t_o}&lt;/math&gt;
From above,
: &lt;math&gt;\Delta v = a \Delta t&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;\Delta t = \frac{\Delta v}{a} = \frac{v - v_o}{a} &lt;/math&gt;

The speed of motion
: &lt;math&gt;v = v_o + a (t - t_o)&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;v_o = v - a \Delta t&lt;/math&gt;

The distance travels of motion
: &lt;math&gt;s = \Delta t (v_o + \frac{\Delta v}{2}) = \Delta t (v_o + \frac{a \Delta t}{2})  &lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;s = \Delta t (v - \frac{\Delta v}{2}) = \Delta t (v - \frac{a \Delta t}{2})  &lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;s = \frac{v^2 - v_o^2}{2a}  &lt;/math&gt;
{{BookCat}}

# [[Curve motion]]
==Circular motion==
: &lt;math&gt;s = 2 \pi&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;v = \frac{s}{t} = \frac{2 \pi}{t} = 2 \pi f = \omega&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;a = \frac{v}{t} = \frac{\omega}{t}&lt;/math&gt;

==Oscillation motion==
===Oscillation of spring motion vertically===
: &lt;math&gt;-F_g = F_y&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;-mg = ky&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;g = -\frac{k}{m} y = \frac{d^2}{dt^2}y&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;y = A sin \omega t&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;\omega = \sqrt{\frac{k}{m}}&lt;/math&gt;

===Oscillation of spring motion horizontally===
: &lt;math&gt;F_a = -F_x&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;ma = -kx&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;a = -\frac{k}{m} x = \frac{d^2}{dt^2}x&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;x = A sin \omega t&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;\omega = \sqrt{\frac{k}{m}}&lt;/math&gt;

===Oscillation of pendulum===
: &lt;math&gt;-F_g = F_{\theta}&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;-mg = l \theta&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;g = -\frac{l}{m} \theta = \frac{d^2}{dt^2} \theta&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;\theta = A sin \omega t&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;\omega = \sqrt{\frac{l}{m}}&lt;/math&gt;

==Wave motion==
: &lt;math&gt;s = \lambda&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;v = \frac{s}{t} = \frac{\lambda}{t} = \lambda f = \omega&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;a = \frac{v}{t} = \frac{\omega}{t}&lt;/math&gt;

==Momentum motion==
:{|width=100%
|-
| &lt;math&gt;p = m v&lt;/math&gt; || for v &lt; C
|-
| &lt;math&gt;p = \frac{h}{\lambda} &lt;/math&gt; || for v = C
|-
| &lt;math&gt;p = p_o \gamma = p_o&lt;/math&gt; || for v &lt; C
|-
|}
{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>8l8sxgjlbhk5qw3rg5gs0gf7038hosa</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4680535</id>
      <parentid>4680534</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T17:35:17Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-59225-07</username>
        <id>3630623</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Circular motion */</comment>
      <origin>4680535</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3332" sha1="i10yibjuzsbynmss16zx2ogvt63i83i" xml:space="preserve">Motion represents a movement of an object from one place to another place . For example, push a cart to travel from point A to point B

==Motion's characteristics==
All motion process the following characteristics

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=100%
! Motion !! Definition !! Symbol !! Formual
|-
| Speed || || &lt;math&gt;v&lt;/math&gt;  ||&lt;math&gt;v = \frac{s}{t}&lt;/math&gt; 
|-
| Acceleration || || &lt;math&gt;a&lt;/math&gt; || &lt;math&gt;a = \frac{v}{t}&lt;/math&gt; 
|-
| Distance || || &lt;math&gt;s&lt;/math&gt;  || &lt;math&gt;S = v t = a t^2 &lt;/math&gt; 
|-
| Force || || &lt;math&gt;F&lt;/math&gt;  || &lt;math&gt;F = ma = \frac{mv}{t} = \frac{p}{t}&lt;/math&gt; 
|-
| Work || || &lt;math&gt;W&lt;/math&gt; || &lt;math&gt;W = F s = F v t = p v &lt;/math&gt; 
|-
| Energy || || &lt;math&gt;E&lt;/math&gt; || &lt;math&gt;E = \frac{W}{t} = F v = F a t = p a&lt;/math&gt; 
|-
|}

==Linear motion==
Linear Motion referes to any motion moving in a straight line from one point to another without changing it's direction

===Linear Motion with constant speed over time===
Any Linear Motion that has constant speed at all time can be expressed as
* Speed
: &lt;math&gt;v(t) = V&lt;/math&gt;

* Acceleration
: &lt;math&gt;a(t) = 0&lt;/math&gt;

* Distance
: &lt;math&gt;s(t) = V t&lt;/math&gt;

===Linear Motion with changing speed over changing time===
For any Linear Motion travels at different speed at different time ,math&gt; (v_o,t_o) - (v,t)&lt;/math&gt;

Change in Speed
: &lt;math&gt;\Delta v =  v - v_o&lt;/math&gt;

Change in Time
: ∆t = &lt;math&gt;t - t_o&lt;/math&gt;

The ratio of Change in Speed over Change in Time gives the Accelerarion of the motion
:&lt;math&gt;  a = \frac{\Delta v}{\Delta t} = \frac{v - v_o}{t - t_o}&lt;/math&gt;
From above,
: &lt;math&gt;\Delta v = a \Delta t&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;\Delta t = \frac{\Delta v}{a} = \frac{v - v_o}{a} &lt;/math&gt;

The speed of motion
: &lt;math&gt;v = v_o + a (t - t_o)&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;v_o = v - a \Delta t&lt;/math&gt;

The distance travels of motion
: &lt;math&gt;s = \Delta t (v_o + \frac{\Delta v}{2}) = \Delta t (v_o + \frac{a \Delta t}{2})  &lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;s = \Delta t (v - \frac{\Delta v}{2}) = \Delta t (v - \frac{a \Delta t}{2})  &lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;s = \frac{v^2 - v_o^2}{2a}  &lt;/math&gt;
{{BookCat}}

# [[Curve motion]]
==Circular motion==
===Full circle===
: &lt;math&gt;s = 2 \pi&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;v = \frac{s}{t} = \frac{2 \pi}{t} = 2 \pi f = \omega&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;a = \frac{v}{t} = \frac{\omega}{t}&lt;/math&gt;

===Arc of circle===

==Oscillation motion==
===Oscillation of spring motion vertically===
: &lt;math&gt;-F_g = F_y&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;-mg = ky&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;g = -\frac{k}{m} y = \frac{d^2}{dt^2}y&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;y = A sin \omega t&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;\omega = \sqrt{\frac{k}{m}}&lt;/math&gt;

===Oscillation of spring motion horizontally===
: &lt;math&gt;F_a = -F_x&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;ma = -kx&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;a = -\frac{k}{m} x = \frac{d^2}{dt^2}x&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;x = A sin \omega t&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;\omega = \sqrt{\frac{k}{m}}&lt;/math&gt;

===Oscillation of pendulum===
: &lt;math&gt;-F_g = F_{\theta}&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;-mg = l \theta&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;g = -\frac{l}{m} \theta = \frac{d^2}{dt^2} \theta&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;\theta = A sin \omega t&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;\omega = \sqrt{\frac{l}{m}}&lt;/math&gt;

==Wave motion==
: &lt;math&gt;s = \lambda&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;v = \frac{s}{t} = \frac{\lambda}{t} = \lambda f = \omega&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;a = \frac{v}{t} = \frac{\omega}{t}&lt;/math&gt;

==Momentum motion==
:{|width=100%
|-
| &lt;math&gt;p = m v&lt;/math&gt; || for v &lt; C
|-
| &lt;math&gt;p = \frac{h}{\lambda} &lt;/math&gt; || for v = C
|-
| &lt;math&gt;p = p_o \gamma = p_o&lt;/math&gt; || for v &lt; C
|-
|}
{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>i10yibjuzsbynmss16zx2ogvt63i83i</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4680536</id>
      <parentid>4680535</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T17:37:41Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-59225-07</username>
        <id>3630623</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4680536</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3550" sha1="ei1b43qt7vi6oi9jhv3wx019q7pgy4o" xml:space="preserve">Motion represents a movement of an object from one place to another place . For example, push a cart to travel from point A to point B

==Motion's characteristics==
All motion process the following characteristics

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=100%
! Motion !! Definition !! Symbol !! Formual
|-
| Speed || || &lt;math&gt;v&lt;/math&gt;  ||&lt;math&gt;v = \frac{s}{t}&lt;/math&gt; 
|-
| Acceleration || || &lt;math&gt;a&lt;/math&gt; || &lt;math&gt;a = \frac{v}{t}&lt;/math&gt; 
|-
| Distance || || &lt;math&gt;s&lt;/math&gt;  || &lt;math&gt;S = v t = a t^2 &lt;/math&gt; 
|-
| Force || || &lt;math&gt;F&lt;/math&gt;  || &lt;math&gt;F = ma = \frac{mv}{t} = \frac{p}{t}&lt;/math&gt; 
|-
| Work || || &lt;math&gt;W&lt;/math&gt; || &lt;math&gt;W = F s = F v t = p v &lt;/math&gt; 
|-
| Energy || || &lt;math&gt;E&lt;/math&gt; || &lt;math&gt;E = \frac{W}{t} = F v = F a t = p a&lt;/math&gt; 
|-
|}

==Linear motion==
Linear Motion referes to any motion moving in a straight line from one point to another without changing it's direction

===Linear Motion with constant speed over time===
Any Linear Motion that has constant speed at all time can be expressed as
* Speed
: &lt;math&gt;v(t) = V&lt;/math&gt;

* Acceleration
: &lt;math&gt;a(t) = 0&lt;/math&gt;

* Distance
: &lt;math&gt;s(t) = V t&lt;/math&gt;

===Linear Motion with changing speed over changing time===
For any Linear Motion travels at different speed at different time ,math&gt; (v_o,t_o) - (v,t)&lt;/math&gt;

Change in Speed
: &lt;math&gt;\Delta v =  v - v_o&lt;/math&gt;

Change in Time
: ∆t = &lt;math&gt;t - t_o&lt;/math&gt;

The ratio of Change in Speed over Change in Time gives the Accelerarion of the motion
:&lt;math&gt;  a = \frac{\Delta v}{\Delta t} = \frac{v - v_o}{t - t_o}&lt;/math&gt;
From above,
: &lt;math&gt;\Delta v = a \Delta t&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;\Delta t = \frac{\Delta v}{a} = \frac{v - v_o}{a} &lt;/math&gt;

The speed of motion
: &lt;math&gt;v = v_o + a (t - t_o)&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;v_o = v - a \Delta t&lt;/math&gt;

The distance travels of motion
: &lt;math&gt;s = \Delta t (v_o + \frac{\Delta v}{2}) = \Delta t (v_o + \frac{a \Delta t}{2})  &lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;s = \Delta t (v - \frac{\Delta v}{2}) = \Delta t (v - \frac{a \Delta t}{2})  &lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;s = \frac{v^2 - v_o^2}{2a}  &lt;/math&gt;
{{BookCat}}

==Curve motion==
===v(t)===
: &lt;math&gt;v = v(t)&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;a = \frac{d}{dt} v(t)&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;s = \int v(t) dt&lt;/math&gt;

===s(t)===
: &lt;math&gt;s = s(t)&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;v = \frac{d}{dt} s(t)&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;a =  \frac{d^2}{dt^2} s(t)&lt;/math&gt;

==Circular motion==
===Full circle===
: &lt;math&gt;s = 2 \pi&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;v = \frac{s}{t} = \frac{2 \pi}{t} = 2 \pi f = \omega&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;a = \frac{v}{t} = \frac{\omega}{t}&lt;/math&gt;

===Arc of circle===

==Oscillation motion==
===Oscillation of spring motion vertically===
: &lt;math&gt;-F_g = F_y&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;-mg = ky&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;g = -\frac{k}{m} y = \frac{d^2}{dt^2}y&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;y = A sin \omega t&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;\omega = \sqrt{\frac{k}{m}}&lt;/math&gt;

===Oscillation of spring motion horizontally===
: &lt;math&gt;F_a = -F_x&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;ma = -kx&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;a = -\frac{k}{m} x = \frac{d^2}{dt^2}x&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;x = A sin \omega t&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;\omega = \sqrt{\frac{k}{m}}&lt;/math&gt;

===Oscillation of pendulum===
: &lt;math&gt;-F_g = F_{\theta}&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;-mg = l \theta&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;g = -\frac{l}{m} \theta = \frac{d^2}{dt^2} \theta&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;\theta = A sin \omega t&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;\omega = \sqrt{\frac{l}{m}}&lt;/math&gt;

==Wave motion==
: &lt;math&gt;s = \lambda&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;v = \frac{s}{t} = \frac{\lambda}{t} = \lambda f = \omega&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;a = \frac{v}{t} = \frac{\omega}{t}&lt;/math&gt;

==Momentum motion==
:{|width=100%
|-
| &lt;math&gt;p = m v&lt;/math&gt; || for v &lt; C
|-
| &lt;math&gt;p = \frac{h}{\lambda} &lt;/math&gt; || for v = C
|-
| &lt;math&gt;p = p_o \gamma = p_o&lt;/math&gt; || for v &lt; C
|-
|}
{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>ei1b43qt7vi6oi9jhv3wx019q7pgy4o</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4680537</id>
      <parentid>4680536</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T17:38:43Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-59225-07</username>
        <id>3630623</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Arc of circle */</comment>
      <origin>4680537</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3708" sha1="by7408dgk17wxquex20qcntuw1h3er6" xml:space="preserve">Motion represents a movement of an object from one place to another place . For example, push a cart to travel from point A to point B

==Motion's characteristics==
All motion process the following characteristics

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=100%
! Motion !! Definition !! Symbol !! Formual
|-
| Speed || || &lt;math&gt;v&lt;/math&gt;  ||&lt;math&gt;v = \frac{s}{t}&lt;/math&gt; 
|-
| Acceleration || || &lt;math&gt;a&lt;/math&gt; || &lt;math&gt;a = \frac{v}{t}&lt;/math&gt; 
|-
| Distance || || &lt;math&gt;s&lt;/math&gt;  || &lt;math&gt;S = v t = a t^2 &lt;/math&gt; 
|-
| Force || || &lt;math&gt;F&lt;/math&gt;  || &lt;math&gt;F = ma = \frac{mv}{t} = \frac{p}{t}&lt;/math&gt; 
|-
| Work || || &lt;math&gt;W&lt;/math&gt; || &lt;math&gt;W = F s = F v t = p v &lt;/math&gt; 
|-
| Energy || || &lt;math&gt;E&lt;/math&gt; || &lt;math&gt;E = \frac{W}{t} = F v = F a t = p a&lt;/math&gt; 
|-
|}

==Linear motion==
Linear Motion referes to any motion moving in a straight line from one point to another without changing it's direction

===Linear Motion with constant speed over time===
Any Linear Motion that has constant speed at all time can be expressed as
* Speed
: &lt;math&gt;v(t) = V&lt;/math&gt;

* Acceleration
: &lt;math&gt;a(t) = 0&lt;/math&gt;

* Distance
: &lt;math&gt;s(t) = V t&lt;/math&gt;

===Linear Motion with changing speed over changing time===
For any Linear Motion travels at different speed at different time ,math&gt; (v_o,t_o) - (v,t)&lt;/math&gt;

Change in Speed
: &lt;math&gt;\Delta v =  v - v_o&lt;/math&gt;

Change in Time
: ∆t = &lt;math&gt;t - t_o&lt;/math&gt;

The ratio of Change in Speed over Change in Time gives the Accelerarion of the motion
:&lt;math&gt;  a = \frac{\Delta v}{\Delta t} = \frac{v - v_o}{t - t_o}&lt;/math&gt;
From above,
: &lt;math&gt;\Delta v = a \Delta t&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;\Delta t = \frac{\Delta v}{a} = \frac{v - v_o}{a} &lt;/math&gt;

The speed of motion
: &lt;math&gt;v = v_o + a (t - t_o)&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;v_o = v - a \Delta t&lt;/math&gt;

The distance travels of motion
: &lt;math&gt;s = \Delta t (v_o + \frac{\Delta v}{2}) = \Delta t (v_o + \frac{a \Delta t}{2})  &lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;s = \Delta t (v - \frac{\Delta v}{2}) = \Delta t (v - \frac{a \Delta t}{2})  &lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;s = \frac{v^2 - v_o^2}{2a}  &lt;/math&gt;
{{BookCat}}

==Curve motion==
===v(t)===
: &lt;math&gt;v = v(t)&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;a = \frac{d}{dt} v(t)&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;s = \int v(t) dt&lt;/math&gt;

===s(t)===
: &lt;math&gt;s = s(t)&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;v = \frac{d}{dt} s(t)&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;a =  \frac{d^2}{dt^2} s(t)&lt;/math&gt;

==Circular motion==
===Full circle===
: &lt;math&gt;s = 2 \pi&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;v = \frac{s}{t} = \frac{2 \pi}{t} = 2 \pi f = \omega&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;a = \frac{v}{t} = \frac{\omega}{t}&lt;/math&gt;

===Arc of circle===
: &lt;math&gt;s = \frac{2 \pi}{\theta}&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;v = \frac{s}{t} = \frac{2 \pi}{t} = 2 \pi f = \omega&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;a = \frac{v}{t} = \frac{\omega}{t}&lt;/math&gt;

==Oscillation motion==
===Oscillation of spring motion vertically===
: &lt;math&gt;-F_g = F_y&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;-mg = ky&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;g = -\frac{k}{m} y = \frac{d^2}{dt^2}y&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;y = A sin \omega t&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;\omega = \sqrt{\frac{k}{m}}&lt;/math&gt;

===Oscillation of spring motion horizontally===
: &lt;math&gt;F_a = -F_x&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;ma = -kx&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;a = -\frac{k}{m} x = \frac{d^2}{dt^2}x&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;x = A sin \omega t&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;\omega = \sqrt{\frac{k}{m}}&lt;/math&gt;

===Oscillation of pendulum===
: &lt;math&gt;-F_g = F_{\theta}&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;-mg = l \theta&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;g = -\frac{l}{m} \theta = \frac{d^2}{dt^2} \theta&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;\theta = A sin \omega t&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;\omega = \sqrt{\frac{l}{m}}&lt;/math&gt;

==Wave motion==
: &lt;math&gt;s = \lambda&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;v = \frac{s}{t} = \frac{\lambda}{t} = \lambda f = \omega&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;a = \frac{v}{t} = \frac{\omega}{t}&lt;/math&gt;

==Momentum motion==
:{|width=100%
|-
| &lt;math&gt;p = m v&lt;/math&gt; || for v &lt; C
|-
| &lt;math&gt;p = \frac{h}{\lambda} &lt;/math&gt; || for v = C
|-
| &lt;math&gt;p = p_o \gamma = p_o&lt;/math&gt; || for v &lt; C
|-
|}
{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>by7408dgk17wxquex20qcntuw1h3er6</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Engineering Handbook/Physics/Radiation</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>251752</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4680460</id>
      <parentid>3254486</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T16:37:22Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-59225-07</username>
        <id>3630623</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4680460</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="497" sha1="797ni4wfu1m6eo7euo3syds79o0dw9l" xml:space="preserve">==Types of radiations==
# [[Black body radiation]]
# [[ElectroMagnetic Radiation]]

ElectroMagnetic Radiation when there exists an Electric Field perpendicular to a Magnetic Field

: &lt;math&gt;C = \lambda f&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;E = h f = h \frac{C}{\lambda}&lt;/math&gt;

==Nucleus Decay ElectroMagnetic Radiation==
Any unstable nucleus when decay under the sun light exhibit
# Heat of Energy . &lt;math&gt;E = (m_2 - m_1) C^2&lt;/math&gt;
# ElectroMagnetic Radiation .  &lt;math&gt;E = hf = h \frac{C}{\lambda}&lt;/math&gt;

{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>797ni4wfu1m6eo7euo3syds79o0dw9l</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4680461</id>
      <parentid>4680460</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T16:38:00Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-59225-07</username>
        <id>3630623</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4680461</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="498" sha1="fs8mxwz4thxww34k1oe40kzzjk0bj1t" xml:space="preserve">==Types of radiations==
# [[ElectroMagnetic Radiation]]
# [[Black body radiation]]


ElectroMagnetic Radiation when there exists an Electric Field perpendicular to a Magnetic Field

: &lt;math&gt;C = \lambda f&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;E = h f = h \frac{C}{\lambda}&lt;/math&gt;

==Nucleus Decay ElectroMagnetic Radiation==
Any unstable nucleus when decay under the sun light exhibit
# Heat of Energy . &lt;math&gt;E = (m_2 - m_1) C^2&lt;/math&gt;
# ElectroMagnetic Radiation .  &lt;math&gt;E = hf = h \frac{C}{\lambda}&lt;/math&gt;

{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>fs8mxwz4thxww34k1oe40kzzjk0bj1t</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4680462</id>
      <parentid>4680461</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T16:38:15Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-59225-07</username>
        <id>3630623</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4680462</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="498" sha1="e7d7co72vcfhhidwhjsvrr594tk089p" xml:space="preserve">==Types of radiations==
# [[ElectroMagnetic radiation]]
# [[Black body radiation]]


ElectroMagnetic Radiation when there exists an Electric Field perpendicular to a Magnetic Field

: &lt;math&gt;C = \lambda f&lt;/math&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;E = h f = h \frac{C}{\lambda}&lt;/math&gt;

==Nucleus Decay ElectroMagnetic Radiation==
Any unstable nucleus when decay under the sun light exhibit
# Heat of Energy . &lt;math&gt;E = (m_2 - m_1) C^2&lt;/math&gt;
# ElectroMagnetic Radiation .  &lt;math&gt;E = hf = h \frac{C}{\lambda}&lt;/math&gt;

{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>e7d7co72vcfhhidwhjsvrr594tk089p</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Aros/Platforms/Arm Raspberry Pi support</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>286123</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4680374</id>
      <parentid>4680361</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T12:12:24Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jeff1138</username>
        <id>301139</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>4680374</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="107689" sha1="tucb7hfm8f3dqgu8hxy62mlw81oqo3n" xml:space="preserve">{{ArosNav}}

[[#Native]]

[[#Hosted]]

[[#Build]]

[[#Hardware]]

[[#References]]

[[#Future]]


==Introduction==


[[File:Wanderer00.png|thumb|Wanderer on Aros Pi3b]]

[[File:Scalos00.png|thumb|Scalos on Aros Pi3b]]

[[File:DOpus5Magellan00.png|thumb|DOpus5 Magellan on Aros Pi3b]]


Aros aims to cover Pi 3 to 5 512Mb+ RAM 


Options to boot from using a good power source to prevent the yellow lightning symbol. 
*With Pi3b+ the max you can get is 5.1V 2.5A with micro usb.
*With Pi4 5.1V 3A with usb-c 
*With Pi5 5.1V 5A, the amps went ever upwards, even to 5.1V 9A with usb-c 


* Pi500+ keyboard wedge - working but not much tested esp [https://github.com/aros-development-team/AROS/commit/48e9c8edcca4b5c1e1fe0b1123f2129f624af67b power button] 
* Pi500 wedge with up to date bootloader via PiOS - working but not much testing esp [https://github.com/aros-development-team/AROS/commit/48e9c8edcca4b5c1e1fe0b1123f2129f624af67b power button] 
* Pi 5  - Quad A76 64bit ARMv8 and RP1 &quot;southbridge&quot; with VideoCore 7 D0 (rev1.1) - untested 
* Pi 5  - Quad A76 64bit ARMv8 and RP1 &quot;southbridge&quot; with VideoCore 7 Pre-D0 C1 (Rev1.0) - untested 
* Pi400 RPI-400 keyboard wedge - resolution changing and audio from micro hdmi0 (near 40pin) and micro hdmi1 (near usb-c psu) - Fn F10 0x5e power on and off works or held down for over 7 seconds auto shutdown - keyboard ok - wifi and lan ethernet testing - 
* Pi 4  - Quad A72 64bit ARMv8 with VideoCore 6 
* Pi 3  - Quad A53 [https://www.raspberrypi.com/documentation/computers/processors.html 64 bit] ARMv8 with VideoCore 4 with '''fan''' to prevent overheating cpu 82C+ throttling 
* Pi02W - Quad A53 64bit - boots but [https://forums.raspberrypi.com/viewtopic.php?p=2387984#p2387984 usb not working but did in the past], 


* Pi 2 - Quad 32bit ARMv6 with VideoCore 4 - mostly not 64bit compatible 
* Pi Model B+ 32bit ARMv6 with VideoCore 4 - not 64bit compatible 
* Pi Model A and B 32bit ARMv6 with VideoCore 4 - not 64bit compatible 


===Native===

* 2013-03 Kalamatee starts work
* 2015-04 Work continues with mschulz on the kernel and Kalamatee (NicJA) on gpio and usb
* 2018 [https://www.patreon.com/posts/i-owe-you-some-20956961 mschulz resume adding BE big endian support], [https://www.patreon.com/michal_schulz/posts Big endian on Pi]  
* 2026 [https://github.com/aros-development-team/AROS/commits?author=bsek latest commits for pi 3b, 4 and 5 64bit] 
* 2026 [https://github.com/aros-development-team/AROS/commits?author=metaneutrons latest commits for Pi5]
* 2026 [https://github.com/aros-development-team/AROS/commits?author=bitplane latest commits for ARM]


====64bit====

'''Download''' A [https://archive.org/details/piAROS Pi Distribution (Distro) has started] and the contents copied to fat32 8GB+ microSD card (there will be drawers/folders - boot c Classes Demos Developer Devs Extras etc only showing). The SD can be plugged in to the Pi. And power on. [https://pi.amiga.icu/ Repository]

'''Not recommended''' but [https://aros.sourceforge.io/nightly1.html RaspberryPi 3, 3+, 4 and 5 64bit ArmV8 nightly builds] [https://sourceforge.net/projects/aros/files/ and alternative site and nightly2] which is a test version of '''very few''' apps with both raspi-aarch64-system and raspi-aarch64-contrib can be unbz2'd to a SD or SSD as appropriate. 

64bit build works well on a single core LE little endian. [https://aros.sourceforge.io/nightly1.html raspi-aarch64-smp-system multicore is available] [https://github.com/aros-development-team/AROS/commit/1df0747c2bda3523a43029725a709b1f377d84ec]. Any issues booting could be down to the SD card so please use another SD to see if it is resolved. Remember Aros Arm uses FAT32 and Aros can detect issues with this format very acutely (once fault found, FAT 0x0FFFFFF7 bad cluster so no files written after that, no repair). Please report your experiences in the [https://www.arosworld.org/infusions/forum/viewthread.php?thread_id=2138&amp;pid=15057#post_15057 Aros forum thread], [https://forums.raspberrypi.com/viewforum.php?f=179 Raspberry Pi Aros Dev and User forums], [https://forums.raspberrypi.com/viewtopic.php?p=2387984#p2387984 previous Raspberry Pi forum thread]. Any bugs or issues can be [https://github.com/aros-development-team/AROS/issues described here to fix] 


*Pi500+   untested usb3 booting or nvme ssd 
*Pi500    untested usb3 booting 
*Pi5      untested usb3 booting 
*Pi400    boots with '''USB3''' port based sata3 ssd 
*Pi4      untested (may need eeprom update from PiOS or Pi SD Imager) 
*Pi 3 B+  is pre-configured for USB sata3 boot - untested 
*Pi 3 B   may need [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ubnwvxF3Klc PiOS to set OTP to boot from usb - do so at your own risk] - if OTP set to usb, boot works but slower than SD card 

Speed write wise (top faster) 
&lt;pre&gt;
*NVME Pi5 untested    &gt;1000MB/sec  or faster if matched correctly 
*Sata3 ssd              500MB/sec
*SD        V90           90MB/sec  4K maybe 8K 
*SD        V60           60MB/sec  1080p 
*SD     U3 V30           30MB/sec  720p 
*SD C10 U1 V10 A1 A2     10MB/sec  minimum should be used now 
*SD C06                   6MB/sec  
*SD C04                   4MB/sec 
&lt;/pre&gt;


As a homage to the past, Aros shows a reduced number of icons but this can be changed by left mouse click in the window and then right click down to Window -&gt; View -&gt; All files

Windows can be manipulated by the top (moving) and the bottom right corner (resizing) only. 

Zune like MUI gui interface, has a unique quirk in that after changing a setting in a text box, you may sometimes need to press Enter/Return before clicking OK, Save, etc 


Double left mouse click on most picture (Developer/Debug/Tests/Datatypes), audio and video files are supported, via datatypes, by the multiview application. 
Esc escape key usually closes open windows even the desktop 

In Prefs/Appearance some decorative theming elements need work. There is a few Mason icons in /Prefs/Presets/Icons/Mason/ and the ever present default Gorilla - Icon exchange in works 

For more intensive graphics applications, you may need to edit config.txt in the root folder and change 128M to 256M to adjust more memory to graphics usage 

If your cursor should '''appear''' to vanish, fear not it is still there. Please head to the top of the screen i.e. the title bar, hold down the left click mouse and drag the screen down a little and the cursor will appear again. Then you can drag the screen up again. 


Like most amiga like OSs the audio and networking need to be setup manually 

Audio AHI prefs - Mode settings tab - needs both Music unit and Unit 0 set to RPiHDMI:16 bit stereo++  or RPiPWM:16 bit stereo++ at 44100Hz. Press '''Save or Use''' button after each choice 


For wireless, please use the Wifi prefs and already selected device bwfm.device. Press Scan and double right click on the router and enter password. You may need to setup after every power off
*if asking for password again - press cancel and go to Network Prefs, Wireless Networks tab and highlight the router line and hit the remove button and press the cancel button. Retry with Wifi prefs again 
*...waiting for an address - Disconnect and try Connect 
Until, Connected to &lt;router&gt; - 192.168.x.x 


For lan ethernet port, please use Network prefs and the following hardware is 
*lan9514    Pi3b Pi2 not supported at the moment 
*lan7515    Pi3b+ type into Device  usblan78xx.device as net0:  remove other device(s) 
*bcmgenet   Pi4 Pi400 choose for Device bcmgenet.device 
*cdnsgem    Pi5 Pi500 Pi500+ RP1 i/o for cadencegem 
 (network prefs may forget random information when rebooted) 


Summary
&lt;pre&gt;
̽*Pi3a̹+   wifi works, 
*Pi3b    ethernet not supported, usb ethernet not working but wifi prefs setup works 
*Pi3b+   wifi working and ethernet works 
*Pi4     untested 
*Pi400   wifi and ethernet untested 
*Pi5     wifi and ethernet untested
*Pi500   wifi and ethernet untested
*Pi500+  wifi works 
&lt;/pre&gt;


Type in 'aarch64' in the [https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=search&amp;tool=simple search box] and you will see available software packages / apps. apkg can be used to inspect and install applications. 

[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=network/browser amelinium web browser] (JS 1.6 ES9 ECMASCript 2018) is available with an [https://eab.abime.net/showthread.php?t=122494&amp;page=88 eab thread] reminiscent of [https://github.com/zapek/Voyager Voyager] and to a lesser extent [https://github.com/amigazen/aweb3/ Aweb] JavaScript 1.5 (ECMAScript 3) as css and javascript websites can be slow to load or resolve (no JIT). 

Press Cancel at screenmode selector or -wb argument to get windowed version. You could use the Shift + Del shortcut or mouse wheel should work to delete all text at once. Html5test gives 189 (1.29), 300 (1.31), 301 (1.39), 316 (1.59) out of 555. 

You may have to delete the cache (Menu -&gt; Page -&gt; Delete cache) to fully retest big Amelinium updates or free up space. 
Be aware [https://pianetaamiga.it/en/reportage-pianeta-amiga-2026/ some site pages] can use up hundreds of MBs of cache very quickly 

 DNS lookup failed...  close browser and reboot and setup wifi again - repeat until it works again 

 youtube video and audio - js button for javascript must be on/shaded -  Settings -&gt; Soundoutput - AHI 
Any restriction to lower resolutions is due to [https://docs.invidious.io/faq/#q-where-are-the-360p480p1080p-quality-options bandwidth]. Either CPU/GPU, internet speed and/or video quality. Pi3 can expect up to 480p (wifi) and up to 720p (ethernet). Pi4 expect (wifi)  (ethernet). 

If no separate audio stream error - set settings -&gt; Video quality to 360p or lower as Youtube has a fallback mode at that level 

Keep youtube length playback to under 2 hours 

https://t.me/s/channel_name for Telegram public messages from [https://t.me/s/AROS_official AROS_official] [https://t.me/s/vamped_amiga vamped_amiga] [https://t.me/s/demoscenecracktros demoscenecracktros] 

*art local js apps like dpaint.js 


There is normally no Bluetooth support for most amiga like OSs but that has changed recently [https://github.com/aros-development-team/AROS/commit/6942cbfbf66426d21963a7fcd8aba6aff611a9e0 work in progress] [https://github.com/RPi-Distro/bluez-firmware/tree/pios/trixie/debian/firmware/broadcom firmware] 

*Bluetooth 4.1 BCM43430A1.hcd Pi3B, Pi3A, Zero 2W 
*Bluetooth 4.2 BCM4345C0.hcd  Pi3B+, Pi4 
*Bluetooth 5.0 BCM4345C5.hcd  Pi4B rev, CM4 and maybe Pi5 and CM5 

&lt;pre&gt;
*bthid    keyboard mouse support 
*btserial serial 
*btpan    short range wireless connecting devices 
&lt;/pre&gt;


Only the Pi5 has a RTC real time clock, the other Pis will need to use ntp services [https://github.com/tomaszstaniak/aros-dockbar dockbar has it built in and works automatically when connected to internet] [https://github.com/aros-development-team/AROS/commit/29cd4116330dc7f692d90757eacc59fb3f31ae70 sntp] with time.cloudflare.com pool.ntp.org or Cloudflare 162.159.200.1, 162.159.200.123, 2606:4700:f1::1, 2606:4700:f1::123 or [https://github.com/bohunamiga/PiNTP PiNTP -s goodtime.ijs.si or ntp1.ptb.de] to get the date and time from the internet. Can use date in a shell e.g.  date 24-Dec-2026 23:59:59  but this will need to be done again after every reset/power off. Maybe hardware [https://github.com/aros-development-team/AROS/commit/28674a157bc56175aa668e7b62dca6fa740578dc ds3231 rtc] with dtoverlay=i2c-rtc,ds3231 in config.txt 


It helps to have all usb devices already plugged in before power on to detect at the moment. Even then some usb devices will freeze the mouse cursor and the only resolution is to remove the offending usb device and reinsert. Sometimes, the reinsert leads to the mouse cursor vanishing, it is still there and responds to left mouse clicks, top of the screen and pull down the screen. 

USB classes support from Prefs/Trident is still work in process 
*usbaudio working on usb3 port (blue) on pi4, 400 but not working (no rt isochronous) on usb2otg (white or black) for pi3b, zero 2w 
*[https://aminet.net/package/mus/midi/camd camdusbmidi] detects midi devices without a preferences file (Prefs/Env-Archive/sys/midi.prefs) as [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RBxHkwy4Nrw auto setup now] possibly with [https://github.com/metaneutrons/mt32-pi metaneutrons mt32-pi] [https://github.com/rtzor/mt32-pi mt32-pi fork] [https://github.com/ahmadexp/mt32-pi fork] [https://github.com/gmcn42/mt32-pi-control control of] [https://github.com/dwhinham/mt32-pi mt32-pi pi3+]. Alternative of [https://homspace.nl/samplerbox/ SamplerBox]. 

Will need developer clang gcc tools to look at 64bit ports of [https://archives.arosworld.org/?function=showfile&amp;file=driver/audio/usbmidi.i386-aros.lha usbmidi], [https://aminet.net/package/mus/midi/CAMD_Toolkit CAMD_Toolkit], [https://aminet.net/package/mus/midi/camdtools camdtools], [https://github.com/cnvogelg/amiditools amiditools], [https://github.com/timoinutilis/midi-sequencer-amigaos horny src], [https://aminet.net/package/mus/midi/horny-base horny-base], [http://bnp.hansfaust.de/index.html BnP], [https://arosarchives.os4depot.net/?function=showfile&amp;file=audio/misc/timidity.lha timidity], 


Regarding 680x0 emulation, there are several options that could be considered but most not fully implemented 
*[https://github.com/kaffeine1/kaffeine kaffeine] m68k jit emu with Amiga system OS fɹiendly calls going to Aros ones 
*[https://github.com/aros-development-team/AROS/blob/6722a0ae9e03fe5d26e32703360bd2059e0864cc/rom/m68kemu/README.md?plain=1#L424 m68kemu.library] for some Amiga productivity where the cpu is emulated and the system calls are redirected to Aros ones
*[https://github.com/BlitterStudio/amiberry amiberry] (winuae) for everything else like games 

*[https://github.com/jonx/AROS/tree/aarch64-darwin-graft/arch/all-darwin/libs/emu68k emu68k] 
*[https://scriptedamigaemulator.net/ Scripted Amiga] with [https://github.com/naTmeg/ScriptedAmigaEmulator ScriptedAmigaEmulator] or older [https://github.com/gbraad-amiga/ScriptedAmigaEmulator2 ScriptedAmigaEmulator2] 


[https://pinout.xyz/ GPIO 40 pins] [https://learn.sparkfun.com/tutorials/raspberry-gpio/gpio-pinout pinout] 

Some exceptions:

*Physical pins 27, 28 (GPIO0, 1) are an internal I2C bus and should not be used
*The other I2C on pins 3, 5 (GPIO 2, 3) can be used generally, but be aware they have permanent pull-up resistors to 3.3V
*For MIDI use USB but there are dedicated UART pins 8, 10 (GPIO 14, 15).

With a HAT it's more awkward -- you need to know which pins are used by the HAT and avoid them. Hopefully this will be documented.

Remember all GPIOs are 3.3V (not 5V tolerant), floating/noisy inputs can cause odd behavior, and that shorting the power supplies can cause instant death of the Pi.

In the shell (Cntrl + C to end) 

 GPIO PIN/A/N,SET/N,GET/S,MODE/K,PULL/K

Controls and queries hardware GPIO pins via gpio.resource which is stored in the rom or Devs/ '''please test''' 

*PIN   -- (Required) Target GPIO pin number (e.g. 12).
*SET   -- Set pin output value to 0 (LOW) or 1 (HIGH).
*GET   -- Read and print current digital input level (0 or 1).
*MODE  -- Configure pin mode: IN (Input), OUT (Output), ALT (Alternate).
*PULL  -- Configure pull resistor: NONE, UP, DOWN.

EXAMPLES
&lt;pre&gt;
GPIO 12 MODE OUT
GPIO 12 SET 1
GPIO 12 GET
GPIO 13 PULL UP
&lt;/pre&gt;


[https://gpiozero.readthedocs.io/en/stable/installing.html Current] [https://gpiozero.readthedocs.io/en/v1.2.0/api_boards.html old support for gpiozero is unknown at present] [https://energenie4u.co.uk/res/pdfs/ENER314%20UM.pdf and associated 433MHz equipment] [ USA X10 security and lights via USB] [ OpenHab with Shelly Smart Plug connected over Wi-Fi, controlled by MQTT or HTTP] 


Printing only with Postscript, GutenPrint and [https://github.com/bohunamiga/MintPRINT one] of [https://github.com/boingball/MintPRINT two] [https://github.com/Andiweli/AmiAirPrint/tree/main AirPrint] [https://github.com/aros-development-team/AROS/commit/89f590b72115e468b1dd4d9bfa07c081a178ca59 IPP.device] has been attempted with [https://www.arosworld.org/infusions/forum/viewthread.php?thread_id=2061&amp;pid=13954#post_13954 discussion] 


Youtube 

[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8dZwGkUKAmA Pi3A̟+ (plus) with smp build and PiAROS], 

[], [], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X4fmWAIv7FE Aros native on Pi3b], 

[], [], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TSxlYb1eQWU Installed on Pi3b+], 

[], [], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NFF1H3jCoz8 testing Aros native on Pi400], 

[], [], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nIVx7mh1E1Q&amp;pp=ygUHYXJvcyBwadIHCQkTDAGHKiGM7w%3D%3D Aros on Thumb 2 based 32bit-ish ARM STM32H743 board], 
 

[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zQM4CD64xDE&amp;t=612s&amp;pp=ugUEEgJlbg%3D%3D Performance under Linux] but on Aros... 

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Pi
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Single Core 2D
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Single Core 3D
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Single Core 3D
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |SMP 2D
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |SMP 3D
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |SMP 3D 
! width=&quot;35%&quot; |Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Pi--&gt;Pi3 
| &lt;!--Single Core 2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Single Core 3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Single Core 3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--SMP 2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--SMP 3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--SMP 3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}


==== 32bit ====

For the Pi1 Pi2 Pi2B the status of AROS native ARMv6 for 32bit RasPi was OK. System booting, USB working (although with some issues but plans to fix them). 32bit native [http://www.aros.org/nightly1.html ARMv6 32bit nightlys] raspi-armhf-system raspi-armhf-contrib unbz2'd to fat32 microSD 


===Hosted===


AArch64 CPU backend for AROS, a Cocoa/Metal display, clipboard / host-volume / CoreAudio / BSD-sockets bridges, GPU 2D via gpufx.library, a 68k→AArch64 JIT (run68k), and a full Rust std port. On [https://www.jkn.me/blog/macaros-aros-on-apple-silicon/ latest Apple Silicon Macs] [https://github.com/jonx/Macaros early alpha version of hosted Aros .dmg on MacOS12+]. Please use [https://github.com/jonx/Macaros/issues MACAros github] for issues, features etc and possibly [https://www.arosworld.org/infusions/forum/viewthread.php?thread_id=2030&amp;pid=13910#post_13910 here] with [https://github.com/pomaros pomaros]. There is a [https://www.arosworld.org/infusions/forum/viewthread.php?thread_id=2076&amp;highlight=jonx&amp;pid=14193#post_14193 work in progress native Mac Apple silicon M1 M2 M3 version] 


[http://www.aros.org/snapshots1.html old linux and android hosted 32bit] 


==== Hosted ====

=====64bit=====

[https://www.arosworld.org/infusions/forum/viewthread.php?thread_id=2019&amp;rowstart=80&amp;pid=13667#post_13667 Ubuntu Linux PC hosted Pi compiler build] 

[https://github.com/BlitterStudio/aros-compiler-docker Docker based cross compiler for various Aros systems], 

[https://www.arosworld.org/infusions/forum/viewthread.php?thread_id=2019&amp;rowstart=80 From the Aros Raspberry pi 3 64bit thread] 
Instructions on building 64-bit Raspberry Pi AROS and cross-compiler from sources.

You will need:
- Ubuntu 24.04 or 26.04
- qemu-system-aarch64 installed
- Internet connection
- rpi-scripts.tar.gz downloaded (https://axrt.org/download/aros/rpi/rpi-scripts.tar.gz)

1) Install prerequisites:

sudo apt install git gcc g++ make gawk bison flex bzip2 netpbm autoconf automake libc6-dev liblzo2-dev libpng-dev gcc-multilib byacc python3-mako cmake yasm curl nasm

2) Clone sources

cd &lt;project-directory&gt;
git clone https://github.com/aros-development-team/AROS.git --recurse-submodules

3) Extract rpi-scripts.tar.gz. Copy all files into your project directory so that you have:

AROS (the directory with cloned sources)
fix-dotdot.py
rebuild.sh
recreate-sdcard.sh
run-qemu.sh
update-sdcard.sh

4) Run ./rebuild.sh. Select option 1) toolchain-core-aarch64

This will execute process of building a cross-compiler. During this process packages will be downloaded from Internet. This process can take up to 2 hours. If there are some missing dependencies, install them with 'sudo apt install' and restart this step.

5) Run ./rebuild.sh again. Select option 2) core-raspi-aarch64

This will build system files for 64-bit Raspberry Pi AROS. This process can take around an hour.

6) Run ./recreate-sdcard.sh

This will create an sdcard.img file with contents of previous step.

7) Run ./run-qemu.sh

This will start QEMU with SD card image and ROM images. It will boot into AROS.


=====32bit=====

Ubuntu VM approach to compiling [http://lallafa.de/blog/2013/06/building-aros-hosted-for-raspbian/ Linux hosted AROS June 04, 2013]

 ../AROS/configure --target=linux-armhf  --enable-includes=/usr/arm-linux-gnueabihf/include --x-includes=/usr/arm-linux-gnueabihf/include --x-libraries=/usr/arm-linux-gnueabihf/lib

arm-elf- is symbol-linked to arm-linux-gnueabi- (arm-linux-gnueabi- is more correct in this case, because it's going to be compiling the ARM AROSBootstrap for ARM Linux)

*armel - many of the &quot;android&quot; machines require since the entire OS is made for soft float VFP. 
*armfp - Efika MX target, Raspberry PI, EfikaMX, Pandora and virtually everything (VFP)

Keep in mind it's possible to start hardfp AROS hosted on softfp system, though, as long as no calls between AROS and host require floating point parameters. NOTE: hardfloat objects *cannot* be linked with softfloat objects - they have a different ABI.

Just keep in mind the arm nightly build machine is quite complex beast. It needs the x86_64 host compiler to compile AROS tools. The arm version is built every night using gcc-4.6.2 crosscompiler (built together with AROS) and successfully builds armel and armhf linux hosted targets.

*needs an AROS code compiler for ARM target 
*as well as unix compiler for ARM linux host (would be best to have both softfp and armhf, we have softfp only now) with full set of libraries and includes.

with—disable-crosstools  $AROS_CC  is always a wrapper around $KERNEL_CC  ?  If  so,  this  is  wrong for some ports. This can break Darwin, Windows and Android port. 
Yes,  Android  port  will  build.  And  even  work. But it's not good because  the  port  will  not  be ABI-compatible with other ARM ports. Android's ABI is different from GNUEABI. For example:

&lt;pre&gt;
enum test {foo, bar};
enum test testvar;
&lt;/pre&gt;

sizeof(testvar)  will  be  equal  to sizeof(int) in GNUEABI (Linux and AROS)  and  sizeof(short)  on  Android. This affects linking objects from static linklibs, for example.

Previously everything worked because $AROS_CC was a wrapper on top of $HOST_CC. And a real crosscompiler was used on non-ELF hosts.

Android is the same. $KERNEL_CC is incompatible with AROS.

compiler=kernel  is  appropriate _ONLY FOR CODE WHICH RUNS ON HOST OS_ (or  barebone  hardware,  if  we  talk  about  native).  This includes bootstraps,  their  linklibs, and host-side dynamic libraries (Windows makes extensive use of them because of architectural considerations.

No single AROS object should be compiled with this setting. $KERNEL_CC is really compatible with AROS *ONLY IN LINUX-HOSTED* and no more. On other systems (Darwin, Windows,  Android) this is not true any more, and compiler=kernel is never going to work.

If  you  want  to  compile your AROS module against host OS includes, append  the  following  to  USER_INCLUDES  (or  USER_CFLAGS,  this  is effectively the same):

 -isystem $(GENINCDIR) $(KERNEL_INCLUDES)

$(KERNEL_INCLUDES) expands to:

 -isystem  &lt;your_os_includes&gt;  -isystem  &lt;host_OS_gcc_private_includes&gt;
 -nostdinc

This makes AROS compiler adhering to host OS APIs.

If you want some preprocessor symbols based on what your host OS actually is, add something like -DHOST_OS_$(AROS_HOST_ARCH).

Why is there $(GENINCDIR) at all? Because host OS has its own libc includes, which would conflict with AROS ones. And the host OS libc is not binary-compatible with AROS one.

Why doesn't Windows-hosted port use $(KERNEL_INCLUDES) ? Because WinAPI includes conflict with AROS ones in fundamental typedefs, like WORD, BYTE and BOOL. It's almost impossible to deal with this in any other way than rewriting WinAPI definitions using AROS types.

Building under centos 6.3 (i386) currently, and AROS creates the toolchain itself. haven't yet committed the necessary changes but &quot;./configure --target=raspi-armhf&quot; is enough to start, then &quot;make arosboot-raspi&quot; will generate arosraspi.img (containing the bootstrap, kernel.resource, and exec.library) as well as arosraspi.rom (containing all the other essentials components such as dos, graphics etc).  It will also copy over a config.txt file to make the raspi bootstrap code load the correct kernel, and a cmdline.txt that enables exec debug output.

*armel = typically Debian 6, Ubuntu Maverick, Android, 
*armhf = typically Debian 7, Debian 8, Ubuntu Precise,

Cross-compiling Ubuntu ARM softfp 
&lt;pre&gt;
    sudo sh
    echo 'foreign-architecture armel' &gt;&gt;/etc/dpkg/dpkg.cfg.d/multiarch
    echo 'deb [arch=armel] http://ports.ubuntu.com/ precise main universe' &gt;/etc/apt/sources.list.d/armel.list
    apt-get update
    apt-get install gcc-arm-linux-gnueabi libx11-dev:armel libsdl-dev:armel
&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;pre&gt;
 ./configure --target=linux-arm --x-includes=/usr/include \
             --enable-includes=/usr/arm-linux-gnueabi/include
&lt;/pre&gt;

Cross-compiling Ubuntu ARM hard-float 
&lt;pre&gt;
    sudo sh
    echo 'foreign-architecture armhf' &gt;&gt;/etc/dpkg/dpkg.cfg.d/multiarch
    echo 'deb [arch=armhf] http://ports.ubuntu.com/ precise main universe' &gt;/etc/apt/sources.list.d/armhf.list
    apt-get update
    apt-get install gcc-arm-linux-gnueabihf libx11-dev:armhf libsdl-dev:armhf
&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;pre&gt;
    ./configure --target=linux-armhf --x-includes=/usr/include \
                --enable-includes=/usr/arm-linux-gnueabihf/include
&lt;/pre&gt;

Now, the AROS build is configured properly and all you need to do is:

 make


==Build==

===64bit===

[https://github.com/aros-development-team/AROS/blob/7016ce28bfdb754182edb16011c98faaf5413c29/arch/aarch64-raspi/boot/mmakefile.src#L180 boot makefile] 


===32bit===


# download/checkout the source someplace, e.g. /build/AROS-Src/
# make a directory to store external sources AROS downloads, e.g. /build/Ports
# make a build directory, e.g. /build/aros-raspi-armhf
# cd into the build dir, configure, and then run make -:

&lt;pre&gt;
&gt;cd /build/aros-raspi-armhf
&gt;/build/AROS-Src/configure --target=raspberrypi-armhf --with-serial-debug --enable-ccache --with-portssources=/build/Ports
&gt;make
&gt;make arosboot-raspi
&lt;/pre&gt;

then copy the files from /build/aros-raspi-armhf/bin/raspi-armhf/AROS/ onto an sdcard, and download/copy the Raspi firmware files onto it.

You should then be able to boot the sdcard on your RasPi.

The current W.I.P tree to svn. it can be built as follows ..
&lt;pre&gt;
./configure --target=raspi-armhf
make arosboot-raspi
&lt;/pre&gt;

That will generate arosraspi.img, arosraspi.rom and config.txt in bin/raspi-arm/AROS - so either copy just those files to a fat formatted SD card (with the firmware files on), or copy the whole contents of the AROS folder.

NB - if you have a Linux/other install, backup the existing config.txt first

arosraspi.img contains the bootstrap (which has very basic mailbox code, framebuffer/gpio init, and console &quot;emulation&quot; via code pinched from our libbootconsole), kernel.resource, and exec.library

arosraspi.rom contains all the other components needed to boot AROS.

The config.txt file will tell the RasPI bootstrap to load the arosraspi kernel and ramdisk (rom).

the bootstrap has minimal mailbox code, planning on adding either a resource or library that driver/app code will use to access it (likewise for GPIO)


Help building AROS hosted on Linux ARM

Was looking a way to use more my Handheld ARM based called Pyra (Dragonbox Pyra) an ARM (Omap5 cpu with 4GB ram) linux based machine (Debian Buster v10 with kernel 5.6.19 adapted) and have a try to compile the latest Aros sources by Deadwood directly on this device.
Compilation stops after build libpopupmenu.a and trying to build libatomic have this error:

&lt;pre&gt;
    Configuring build in bin/linux-arm/gen/host/tools/crosstools/gnu/gcc/arm-aros/libatomic
    configure: WARNING: unrecognized options: --disable-nls, --without-x
    checking for --enable-version-specific-runtime-libs... no
    checking for --enable-generated-files-in-srcdir... no
    checking build system type... arm-unknown-linux-gnu
    checking host system type... arm-unknown-aros
    checking target system type... arm-unknown-aros
    checking for a BSD-compatible install... /usr/bin/install -c
    checking whether build environment is sane... yes
    checking for arm-aros-strip... /media/farox/pyra2/arosbuilds/toolchain-core-armhf/arm-aros-strip
    checking for a thread-safe mkdir -p... /usr/bin/mkdir -p
    checking for gawk... no
    checking for mawk... mawk
    checking whether make sets $(MAKE)... yes
    checking whether make supports nested variables... yes
    checking for arm-aros-gcc... /media/farox/pyra2/arosbuilds/toolchain-core-armhf/arm-aros-gcc
    checking whether the C compiler works... no
    configure: error: in /media/farox/pyra2/arosbuilds/toolchain-core-armhf-build/bin/linux-arm/gen/host/tools/crosstools/gnu/gcc/arm-aros/libatomic':
    configure: error: C compiler cannot create executables
    See config.log' for more details
    make[2]: *** [mmakefile:4489: /media/farox/pyra2/arosbuilds/toolchain-core-armhf-build/bin/linux-arm/gen/host/tools/crosstools/gnu/gcc/arm-aros/libatomic/.configured] Error 77
    [MMAKE] make --no-print-directory TOP=/media/farox/pyra2/arosbuilds/toolchain-core-armhf-build SRCDIR=/media/farox/pyra2/arosbuilds/AROS CURDIR=tools/crosstools/gnu TARGET=tools-crosstools-gcc-libatomic-configure -s --file=mmakefile tools-crosstools-gcc-libatomic-configure failed: 512
    [MMAKE] Error: Error while running make in tools/crosstools/gnu: No such file or directory
    make[1]: *** [Makefile:361: linklibs-libatomic] Error 10
    make: *** [Makefile:183: crosstools] Error 2
&lt;/pre&gt;


looking at config.log on arosbuilds/toolchain-core-armhf-build/bin/linux-arm/gen/host/tools/crosstools/gnu/gcc/arm-aros/libatomic

found that arosbuilds/toolchain-core-armhf/arm-aros-ld: cannot find -laeabi
so do make linklibs-aeabi-arm-quick
and the missing lib was built.

now the next stop is at
fatal error: bits/libc-header-start.h: No such file or directory
and
fatal error: sys/cdefs.h: No such file or directory
in many places so after checking that have this missing include files i have noted that my include path is a bit different, standard searching path is /usr/arm-linux-gnueabihf but in my system is /usr/include/arm-linux-gnueabihf
so if i add my path to some mmakefiles compilation goes on....but is a better way to add this path to avoid every mmakefiles to be changed?

fixed with adding
-I/usr/include/arm-linux-gnueabihf
to where is missing on mmakefiles like
USER_INCLUDES := -isystem $(GENINCDIR) -I/usr/include/arm-linux-gnueabihf $(KERNEL_INCLUDES)

P.s. I have changed many mmakefiles and have at least compiled (after many hours) the toolchain doing make every time in arosbuilds/toolchain-core-armhf-build (also have to disable making tests under cplusplus but don't remember the directory ...) but ask an help to have an automated way to correctly build without modify mmakefiles.


Last time built armhf target was around 2 years ago. At that point built is via cross-compilation from linux (ubuntu 22.04) using linux armhf crosscompiler (this can explain the path differences you are experiencing) as well as using AROS gcc cross-compiler in version 6.5.0 (build with option 21) in rebuild.sh). Since then AROS GCC has been updated to 10.5.0 and don't believe anyone tried to build the armhf target again.

My suggestion would be to downgrade GCC to 6.5.0 (via editing AROS/config/gcc_def file) and try to first build using cross-compilation from x86_64 linux. Once that works, you will have a &quot;template&quot; to compare to native compilation under arm linux.


Thanks for your suggestion...but think the toolchain with GCC 10.5.0 is compilable if i found a way to pass the path of my system to the script that build (option 21 on rebuild).
The other only changes are (but don't know where to modify...) is to add the build of libaeabi and disable the building of some tests under cplusplus that use exceptions and is not supported under ARM. try to crosscompile with my Linux amd64 PC.

For paths look into core-linux-armhf/bin/linux-armhf/gen/config/target.cfg. A number of build-wide variable is set there containing paths to local build system. These variables and the target.cfg file are generated by AROS ./configure script.

Thanks compilation now go forward...changed target.cfg under &quot;toolchain-core-armhf-build/bin/linux-arm/gen/config&quot; and do make on &quot;toolchain-core-armhf-build&quot; dir.

Need to find where to enable build libaeabi.a so can build the entire toolchain with option 21 of rebuild.sh


Found something that looks like libeabi in AROS/arm-all/arm-aeabi/mmakefile.src. Try adding a third line there:

#MM- linklibs-armhd : libklibs-aeabi-arm

Don't remember needing this library. Possibly the 6.5.0 GCC somehow does this while 10.5.0 is missing this.

Try adding this line (and the variant &quot;linklibs-armhf&quot; instead of hd) but it did not solve the automatic building of the missing lib. I must do &quot;linklibs-aeabi-arm-quick&quot;.
Anyway after have build the aeabi lib i succefully built the toolchain (after many hours...). Smile

To test I restarted from selecting option 21 (on rebuild.sh) but after many hours i get the same error of the kernel includes not found...maybe i need to modify the configure script for my case.

With the toolchain built i try to build the core-linux-armhf (DEBUG) (option 22) but after a while it stopped with
&quot;cannot find -laeabi &quot; so i made it built manually...and now i can continue compiling...i'll let you know if all goes ok.


== Hardware ==

===64bit===


====BCM2712====

With the Pi5 

Broadcom VideoCore 7 vc7 is an integrated GPU with 12 cores and up to 800 MHz clock. VideoCore VII is capable of OpenGL ES 3.1 and Vulkan 1.2. The driver support for the Raspberry Pi continues to build upon the [https://lore.kernel.org/dri-devel/20230928114532.167854-1-itoral@igalia.com/ open-source V3D driver] stack within [https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/mesa/mesa/-/merge_requests/25450 Mesa] hopefully be merged for Mesa 23.3. x265 HEVC accelerated untested, x264/h.264 and VP9 cpu only. 

*Raspberry Pi M.2 HAT+ Expansion Board 
*Geekworm X1001 PCIe to M.2 Key-M NVMe
*Geekworm X1003 PCIe to M.2 HAT NVMe SSD PIP Board for Raspberry Pi 5 
*Pineboards Pi Hut HatDrive! M.2 HAT 2024/V4 
*Hat+ Gen2 Gen3 Nvme
*GeeekPi 52Pi N04 for Raspberry Pi 5 NVME M.2
*


*2024 RPI AI HAT    - Hailo  20TOPs  no LLMs 
*2026 RPI AI HAT+ 2 - Hailo  40TOPs  slightly better? 


[https://www.raspberrypi.com/documentation/accessories/camera.html Cameras for Pi]
*Raspberry Pi camera module, the V3 with Sony IMX708 back-illuminated CMOS 12 Megapixel sensor
*Raspberry Pi Camera Module V2 – 8MP Sony IMX219 Sensor
*Raspberry Pi camera Rev 1.3, 5MP 1080P OV5647 image/video module, 2592 x 1944 pixels

H.265 / HEVC decoder is a HEVCv2 Main 4:4:4 10 design supporting bitstreams up to profile 5.1
HEVC hardware decode supports 4kp60, 10-bit. Audio output is pretty much unchanged, but the HDMI audio channels now support 8x192kHz bitrates 


====BCM2711====

With the Pi4 an ARM a72 cpu is about x3 times the size of an a53 in the Pi3 

the 2711b line used more power when idle, compared to the 2711c 

*2018 Raspberry Pi PoE HAT Power Over Ethernet Hat - design issues 
*2020 Raspberry Pi PoE+ HAT Power Over Ethernet Hat Pi3b+ Pi4 only - better design 
*Waveshare PoE HAT (B) with cooling fan for Raspberry Pi 3B+/4B 802.3af PoE 

*[https://github.com/axizo-pi/V3DLib vc6 V3D 4.2] is derived from [https://docs.broadcom.com/doc/12358545 vc4], but it is [https://docs.mesa3d.org/drivers/v3d.html significantly different] 
The QPU pipeline stays mostly the same, you still have an add ALU and a multiply ALU and it can issue two ALU OPs per cycle. There is still 4 SIMD lanes, interleaved over 4 cycles.
The instruction encoding for the QPUs is different, but the core instructions are the same.

Instructions for packed 8 bit int math has been dropped, along with most of the pack modes.
Instructions for packed 16bit float math has been added (2 floats at in a single operation)
With vc5/vc6, you write two packed 16f value to the tilebuffer (or four writes of 32f, if you are using the rgba32f framebuffer). And there is a handy vfpack operation which allows you to pack two f32s into a single 32bit value in a single instruction. You can vfpack directly into the tile buffer register.

the multiply ALU can now fadd, so you can issue two fadds per instruction. the add ALU has gained a bunch of new instructions 

the A and B register files have been merged. You still only get an A read and a B read per instruction, but they read from one big register file (which means the underlying memory block has gone from two sets of &quot;one read port, one write port&quot; to one &quot;two read ports, one write port&quot; block)

The theoretical max FLOPs per QPU remains the same at two per cycle, other than the bump from 400mhz to 500mhx but it looks like a lot of effort has been put putting those theoretical FLOPs to better use. 
*vc4 could run one or two threads per QPU. When you ran in two thread mode, the available register file halfed to 32 registers.
*vc5 added a four thread per QPU mode, with 16 registers per thread.
*vc6 doubled the size of the register file. You could now use all 64 threads in two thread mode and 32 registers in for thread mode. Single thread mode was removed, you always have at least two threads.

With the threading improvements, the QPUs should spent much less time idle waiting NOPs for memory requests. Most of the design changes have gone to improving the fixed function hardware around the QPUs. A fixed function blend unit has been added, which should reduce load on the QPUs when doing alpha blending. hope software blending is still possible 

The tile buffer can now store upto 4 render targets (up to 128bits per pixel, so if you are using 4 32bit render targets, you can't have a depth buffer)

A MMU, allowing a much simpler/faster kernel driver.

Many more texture formats, framebuffer formats.

h264/x264 [https://github.com/aros-development-team/AROS/commit/caecd66a9508acb0e9ef0a07169a14c33007b208 VideoCore hardware decoding through VCHIQ/MMAL (Pi 1–4)], 
H.265 / HEVC decoder is a HEVCv2 Main 4:4:4 10 design supporting bitstreams up to profile 5.1
HEVC hardware decode supports 4kp60, 10-bit. Audio output is pretty much unchanged, but the HDMI audio channels now support 8x192kHz bitrates 


All the features needed for opengl es 3.0 

Each ALU typically have 2 floating point operators, and as you pointed out in a earlier post videocore 6 is no exception, with both a multiply and additive floating point operator. Thus theoretical GFLOPs are calculated with both operators in mind. That is what the 2 in my formula represents, and is common across any modern programmable shader, whether you calculate Nvidia, AMD, Intel, Boardcom or any other company's GPUs. Total ALUs * 2 * GHz clock = GFLOPs, In the case of Raspberry Pi 3, it's 24 ALUs * 2 operators * 0.4GHz = 19.2GFLOPs
If the Videocore 6 does indeed only have 16 ALUs (16 * 2 * 0.5GHz), you'd have only 16GFLOPs but they are better utilised 

Possible maximum performance 
&lt;pre&gt;
VideoCore IV @ 250MHz: 250 [MHz] x 3 [slice] x 4 [qpu/slice] x 4 [processor] x 2 [op/clock] = 24 Gflop/s
VideoCore IV @ 300MHz: 300 [MHz] x 3 [slice] x 4 [qpu/slice] x 4 [processor] x 2 [op/clock] = 28.8 Gflop/s
VideoCore VI @ 500MHz: 500 [MHz] x 2 [slice] x 4 [qpu/slice] x 4 [processor] x 2 [op/clock] = 32 Gflop/s
&lt;/pre&gt;

Faster LPDDR4 memory.


====BCM2837==== 

With the Pi3 
* Broadcom BCM43438 chip provides 2.4&amp;nbsp;GHz 802.11n wireless LAN, Bluetooth Low Energy, and Bluetooth 4.1 Classic radio support, 3B+ [https://github.com/aros-development-team/AROS/commit/afa5bc0bb17d5dd06bcfdbac00853a3799ca8d76 LAN7515] 

The overclock ability has diminished with each chip version as the energy usage has increased. BCM2837 is one of the warmest yet and benefits from active fan cooling if all four cpu cores are in use for a short while. Video playback maybe affected due to the lack of custom support in the GPU with Aros. 5 V / 2.4 or 2.5 amp power supply recommended if all four cpu cores are running, else throttling (cpu slowdown) might occur. 

[https://github.com/hermanhermitage/videocoreiv/wiki/VideoCore-IV-Programmers-Manual Dual VDP] and scalable QPU in [https://docs.mesa3d.org/drivers/vc4.html VC4] and x.264/h.264 accelerated untested only and VP9 on cpu or neon help 


ARMv8-A has [https://developer.arm.com/documentation/102412/0100/Privilege-and-Exception-levels privilege levels] where userspace typically runs at ‘EL0’, the kernel at ‘EL1’ or ‘EL2’ and the firmware at the highest level ‘EL3’. 


===32bit===

=== Core Kernel ===


====BCM2708(family)====
which includes the [http://elinux.org/RPi_Hardware BCM2835] (ARM1176JZF-S 700&amp;nbsp;MHz CPU + VideoCore IV GPU + up to 1GB RAM)

*Framebuffer (fb) using mailbox 
*IRQ scheduler, etc 
*Arasan based SD Card controller 
*Synopsis DesignWare USB 2.0 OTG controller [http://networkdirection.net/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=106:rasperry-pi-usb-controller&amp;catid=45:raspberry-pi&amp;Itemid=54 Unofficial DOCS pdf],  [dwc_otg.c FreeBSD], [], [https://www.riscosopen.org/viewer/view/mixed/RiscOS/Sources/HWSupport/USB/Controllers/DWCDriver/ RiscOS USB Driver], [https://www.riscosopen.org/forum/forums/5/topics/878 RiscOS USB Discussion], [https://www.riscosopen.org/forum/forums/11/topics/1893 Other USB RiscOS], [http://plan9.bell-labs.com/plan9/index.html Plan9 Miller's usb] http://plan9.bell-labs.com/sources/contrib/miller/, [https://github.com/Chadderz121/csud CSUD driver], 
*[http://www.smsc.com/media/Downloads_Public/Data_Sheets/9512.pdf SMSC 9512] USB LAN/Hub chip 
*CMOS RAM 
*VCHIQ port which sends messages to the GPU e.g. for mouse, keyboard, audio on HDMI, etc 
*Audio Driver 
*Serial Peripheral Interface Bus (SPI) 
*[http://www.susa.net/wordpress/2012/06/raspberry-pi-pcf8563-real-time-clock-rtc/ I2C registers]
*I2S 
*Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter (UART) 
*[http://elinux.org/RPi_BCM2835_GPIOs GPIOs] and [http://www.adafruit.com/blog/2012/08/17/broadcom-bcm2835-peripheral-memory-map-and-gpio-alternate-use-chart-piday-raspberrypi-raspberry_pi/ Alternative view of GPIO]

BCM2836 
* For Pi B+, PI 2 and Pi 3 SMSC LAN9514 chip adding 10/100 Ethernet connectivity and four USB channels to the board

*[http://www.andrewscheller.co.uk/rpi_pcb_modules.html PCB], [http://elinux.org/RPi_Low-level_peripherals Low level features],


 Implemented so far... 

# Modify the configure system so that it correctly builds for the arm hardware float raspi target.
# Implemented the bootstrap to load the aros modules and prepare the arm to jump into them. Reworked the x86 console support so that parts can be stolen for raspi to use since t has no basic functionality to output to the display.
# Implemented a kernel.resource to prepare the raspi for running aros and provide the low level api calls to expose available resources and allow exec, etc function.
# Implemented serial debug support
# Implemented the exec (and kernel) functionality required to make multitasking work (and interrupts, exceptions, syscalls, etc)
# Implemented a timer.device to utilise the hardware timers.
# Implemented a very basic gfx driver to expose the hardware's framebuffer.
# Implemented an SD-Card driver for AROS which presently only supports the raspi's chipset but can easily be modified to support all sd-card hardware and media.
# Fixed the fat filesystem support in AROS so that it can boot on RasPi's normal SD-Card setup. The &quot;rom&quot; image files needed use a different filename than the default linux, etc images so can be easily installed without harming the existing files - you only need to change the loaded images in the config file to get aros to boot.
# Updated the build scripts to automatically download the necessary raspi firmware files and wrap it all up so that you can simply extract the archive to a fat formatted sdcard and boot it on the raspi without having to get anything else.
# fix everything in contrib and ports to build for raspi (needs proper testing/fixes but allows every component to actually compile at least, including owb) + numerous other fixes to get things working on arm/raspi ..


Improvements...

# Implement a USB chipset driver &quot;OR&quot; finish the existing one [https://github.com/aros-development-team/AROS/commit/c07d13c724f944674be5db54fc6a71ee72a01809 usb otg] - the current code is mostly a skeleton that should initialise the chipset and then needs relevant code to support the different transfer types. It also has the &quot;virtual&quot; hub code in place to represent the raspi's USB port (from poseidons p.o.v) 
# Implement a driver for the USB NIC (a few weeks - depends on USB above) 
# Write an [https://github.com/aros-development-team/AROS/commit/d55d0f74d20b769bbb8c8d386e5c1d7a9154f05a audio driver] (a few weeks - independent of USB) and [https://github.com/aros-development-team/AROS/commit/e93a4c245f27a87c9c4c1d39206694b39059998a HDMI]
# fix syscall bug in the current raspi kernel code
# Graphics depend on having a decent &quot;bcmdma.resource&quot; implemented as to use the cpu's dma engine. The sd card driver needs to use it for transfers to/from the controller - and the gfx system needs to use it for &quot;blitting&quot;. 
# [https://github.com/aros-development-team/AROS/commit/4019d84e4975d4dad987a12d57fe108f5ac048e6 Improve the gfx driver], [ vc4gfx HIDD] add [http://dri.freedesktop.org/wiki/VC4/ Gallium3D support] 
# [https://github.com/aros-development-team/AROS/commit/b13905b3e8e45b089f520b44692c81affddd066f Improve] the [https://github.com/aros-development-team/AROS/commit/3a876755c070f5c73c4f53c7f4d35b4f923088b9 sdcard] device driver  - which is also pretty basic but should work with most cards, rework it to also support pci, etc. sd card interfaces on x86 
# The current code using very rudimentary access to the gpio interface - so that should be implemented as some resource for other components to access, as-well as the i2c interface exposed over the gpio interface. that should have a hidd class implemented which uses the gpio resource to communicate.


 Boot up typical for most other OSs before the open sourcing of many binary blobs from 2017 onwards 

On power-up, the rpi [http://www.open.com.au/mikem/bcm2835/ BCM 2835] [https://github.com/hermanhermitage/videocoreiv VideoCore4] GPU, not the ARM CPU, is in control, and the SD card slot is the only peripheral device with power. The firmware burned into the BCM2835's VideoCoreIV GPU PROM requires a DOS-style partition table; a FAT-formatted first partition; and the freely redistributable but closed sourced Broadcom files “bootcode.bin” and “start.elf” in that partition.

The boot sequence carries out several pre-boot tasks

*On powering of the rpi, the GPU reads and executes bootcode.bin, which then loads start.elf 
*The GPU loads the “start.elf” file, eventually, into the L2 cache and then executes it
*configures the memory split for the CPU and GPU
*reads and parses “config.txt” from the same partition on the SD card and applies the settings (like a PC’s BIOS settings)
*loads the “kernel.img” file, again from the same partition
*activates the CPU to begin executing the loaded kernel image

The CPU/GPU memory split is hard-coded into start.elf, so Broadcom provides three start.elf images, to give 32M, 64M, or 128M to the GPU for multimedia performance, and the remainder to the CPU.

RPi uses [https://github.com/raspberrypi/firmware some closed source loaders] and at some point it loads a binary blob named &quot;kernel.img&quot; at 0x8000, at that point there would be a rudimentary Aros alive. If one wants to use the SD-card then there would have to be a driver for the interface and a fat filesystem handler (SD-card has to be formatted to fat filesystem)

Boot code and kernel are now linked together and made into that binary blob, just for starters. Raspberry Pi uses [http://kernelnomicon.org/?p=133 u-boot] and [http://kernelnomicon.org/?p=138 UBoot] as bootloader, there's already some code in the Efika MX port for that. UBoot is a native bootloader and not just for the raspberry pi, it loads after start.elf.

You can find Efika MX port from arch implementations, some hacking is needed for the mmakefile.src'es as iit dates back to before the Aros crosstool era or else you get some weird errors while building. You also need to code the bootstrap and serial handling.

At the moment it seems that a fastest route for the native build would be to make one binary blob without using the package system. Raspberry's memory layout is pretty simple and if the implemented u-boot doesn't support loading other modules 

&lt;pre&gt;
?          - alias for 'help'
mtest      - simple RAM test
autoscr    - run script from memory
base       - print or set address offset
bbm        - BBM sub-system
bdinfo     - print Board Info structure
boot       - boot default, i.e., run 'bootcmd'
bootd      - boot default, i.e., run 'bootcmd'
bootm      - boot application image from memory
bootp      - boot image via network using BootP/TFTP protocol
cmp        - memory compare
coninfo    - print console devices and information
cp         - memory copy
crc32      - checksum calculation
echo       - echo args to console
fatinfo    - print information about filesystem
fatload    - load binary file from a dos filesystem
fatls      - list files in a directory (default /)
go         - start application at address 'addr'
help       - print online help
iminfo     - print header information for application image
itest      - return true/false on integer compare
jade       -
loadb      - load binary file over serial line (kermit mode)
loads      - load S-Record file over serial line
loady      - load binary file over serial line (ymodem mode)
loop       - infinite loop on address range
md         - memory display
mm         - memory modify (auto-incrementing)
mtest      - simple RAM test
mw         - memory write (fill)
nfs        - boot image via network using NFS protocol
nm         - memory modify (constant address)
pci        - list and access PCI Configuration Space
ping       - send ICMP ECHO_REQUEST to network host
printenv   - print environment variables
rarpboot   - boot image via network using RARP/TFTP protocol
reset      - Perform RESET of the CPU
run        - run commands in an environment variable
saveenv    - save environment variables to persistent storage
saves      - save S-Record file over serial line
setenv     - set environment variables
sleep      - delay execution for some time
tftpboot   - boot image via network using TFTP protocol
USB        - USB sub-system
usbboot    - boot from USB device
version    - print monitor version
&lt;/pre&gt;


And there is one more thing about modular ports. In order to actually implement this, your bootstrapping environment should provide the ability to load several files. On PC this is provided by GRUB2. on CHRP you can read filesystem via OpenFirmware, and Sam's Parthenope relies on modified u-boot. If your bootstrap allows to load only a single file, then you stuck with monolithic kickstart. By the way...  u-boot allows not only to boot up a single uImage or zImage, it also allows to write client programs AFAIK. With this approach, you actually can write modular bootstrap for ARM AROS using unmodified u-boot.

Most used [http://www.compulab.co.il/workspace/mediawiki/index.php5/U-Boot_quick_reference uboot options] are fatls usb 0:1,

the reason behind INTB_KERNEL is to allow use of the standard Exec function AddIntServer() to add interrupt handlers for
hardware drivers etc. AmigaOS never used it for abstract hardware drivers. AmigaOS  routed  only  raw  hardware IRQs there. Their assignment was hardcoded. As well as number of them. Actually on AmigaOS every bus has its own interrupt subsystem. For example PCI bus. PCI interrupts on Amiga are routed to a single exec interrupt.  1:1 relationship between CPU  and hardware interrupts is present only on PC.

IMHO we miss things like AddInterrupt/RemInterrupt methods on our PCI subsystem's device class.  PCI bus class should map these methods to whatever is appropriate. This is how it is done on AmigaOS and friends. When these are implemented, raw kernel.resource API will be needed only for several PC-specific drivers with hardwired resources. Exec IRQs are real IRQs only on Amiga hardware. On other machines they can be emulated where appropriate (VBlank is a good example). kernel.resource is meant  to be different, its IRQs are hardware-agnostic, they are plain &quot;Hardware IRQ number X, whatever this means&quot;. They are low-level actually, and meaningful only in the context of a particular system.

Was that not the transition from irq.hidd to kernel.resource? No.  A long time ago there was another hacky bit named INTB_TIMERTICK. It was &quot;abstract timer interrupt&quot;, used by timer.device. It was the same as VBlank, but with larger frequency. I removed it, because kernel.resource API was a cleaner way to access this interrupt. Furthermore, there can be more than one timer in the system. Thinking about bringing back timer HIDD definitions again. hpet.resource is a bad idea.

Can someone please enlighten me a little on how the scheduler is meant to work?
 
Poseidon.library creates its &quot;Poseidon Event Task&quot; during RTF_COLDSTART -&gt; then calls Wait(), and ends up in limbo because wait disables interrupts (used for the scheduler heartbeat), and basically waits forever because the sigbit is never set, since krnSwitch doesn't switch the task unless TF_SWITCH is set, and no codepath run during this seems to set it?? TF_SWITCH does not disable/enable switching. This flag just enables to run user-supplied hook when the task is being switched away. It is completely safe to call Wait() in Disable()d state. Doing this actually temporarily breaks this state. IDNestCnt gets remembered in struct Task, then next task is selected, and its IDNestCnt is restored in sysbase (see kernel_scheduler.c). If there are no other tasks, then your cpu_Dispatch() should enable interrupts on the CPU and enter idle mode. See x86 implementation for good example.

You miss what happens next...
 1. KrnSwitch() saves context of your task, saves IDNestCnt (core_Switch() and cpu_Switch()), then drops into cpu_Dispatch().
 2. cpu_Dispatch() calls core_Dispatch. Then two cases are possible:
 2a. There is a READY task. It is picked up, its IDNestCnt is restored in SysBase, then cpu_Dispatch() needs to restore registers and exit. The next task is run.
 2b. There are no READY tasks. core_Dispatch() returns NULL. In this case your cpu_Dispatch() should enter idle loop. It should just enable interrupts on the CPU and put it on halt. This allows it to process hardware interrupts. Eventually some of your interrupt handlers wakes up your task and puts it into READY list.

My heartbeat interrupt has been slowed atm to help debugging - but it never actually gets a chance to fire because of the Wait() disabling interrupts. Perhaps you have forgotten to enable interrupts in your idle loop.

There is a change in the format of AROS executables. Until now we were using Elf RELocable files which are usually used as intermediate object files. We had them for various reasons, one of them was how AROS files were built in the past. That days we had no real aros cross compiler and the option to embed relocation data in unix executables (or in executable files in general) was rather new and not every linux/unix system had it. Therefore we have decided to use intermediate files. Although it was somehow working (and it is still working :-)), it has some drawbacks. Therefore decided to introduce real Elf EXEC types, in first turn implemented on ARM target with option to expand in future to all other AROS architectures.

The first patch was pretty easy and appeared to work somehow. It generated nice executables with embedded relocation info. Not only that, it also removed all global symbols adjusting relocation data to be relative to the beginning of the sections. That move reduced number of symbols in each executable significantly (depending on the file between 20 and 80% of all symbols could be removed). The only symbols that stayed in the file are local ones - due to the nature of the patch wasn't able to remove them since we have not seen them in the symbol hash table.

The patch didn't worked though. The files were relocated, AROS kernel loaded, but it crashed very early. What happened? Well, the nature of ARM relocations happened :)

Most of the relocation data on all machines is rather simple. Relocation can be absolute or pc-relative, sometimes the offset has to be bit shifted. On ARM v7 there is another one. There, when one wants to load an address of function/variable into register a combination of two instructions can be used: movw and movt. The first one loads immediate into lower 16 bits of a register while clearing upper 16 bits. The second one loads immediate into upper 16 bits without touching lower halfword. Loading of a pointer into a register looks like this:

        movw r0, #:lower16:label

        movt   r0, #:upper16:label

In this case there are two relocations - one for lower halfword and another for upper. If an overflow of lower 16 bits occurs during relocation process, the upper one should be updated as well. Unfortunately with current patch and with typical ARM executables there is not enough information to perform the calculations.

There are two options - the first one would be to give up and go back to &quot;fake&quot; executables, another one would be to change from REL to RELA relocation info. The latter contains an addend, extra data which can be used to perform all the relocation calculations I need.

Decided for the second option. The patch is already in the works. There is another function for the binutils' bfd backend to perform the final relocation. There can decide what to do with every reloc info, modify data and eventually strip some symbols. An advantage is - at this stage of the linking process have also full access to all local symbols so can change all relocations section relative and eventually strip all symbols from the files. 


 GPU 

VCore developed by Alphamosaic Ltd and now owned by Broadcom. Most of start.elf runs on the GPU.   Placing ALL the userland GPU code in the videocore.hidd isn't going to be a terribly big problem because the code they published is nothing more than a shim that sends data straight to the GPU to execute.

The good news about this is that we only need to write our HIDD using the OpenVG API.   The shim is relatively small codewise and lives in the ARM memory (the actual OpenVG code itself lives in the GPU RAM area and its loaded from start.elf).   That's also the bad news.  Our driver has to translate AROS video calls to OpenVG calls, for most tasks it should be easy, for some, not so much.  It's still probably less difficult and less work, than controlling the GPU directly.

The other good news is that anything done through OpenVG happens on the GPU, its truly accelerated.   It also has some nice font functions, meaning we can lead into an accelerated text mode later.

Basically, AROS resets or locks up when it tries to use AROS_ATOMIC_INC or DEC.  If I comment out the byte/word operations in the header files and use non-atomic operations, the code works as expected.
 
have read that the L1 cache needs to be enabled to use LDREX and co (which I also read is only meant to be used on multi processor systems with shared memory) - however I am certain this is correctly enabled.

If you are using LREX or STREX, you should have L1 cache enabled, at least on the ARM CPU I work with at work.

L1 cache is enabled by enabling the MMU *AND* setting the C and I bits in the CPU - the C bit is ignored, and the I bit only covers the 16 byte instruction pipeline if the MMU is not enabled.

Can you verify that your assembly is generating LDREX/STREX? From the behavior, it almost sounds like its generating the default Semaphore locked atomics.
 Impossible. There are no semaphore-locked atomics. There are Disable()/Enable()-based ones instead. And there's a special #define AROS_NO_ATOMIC_OPERATIONS in this case, which tweaks Disable()/Enable() implementations not to recurse forever.
 I have tested this on ARMv5 which does not have ldrex/strex, it works fine. On those ARMs there's no way to have real atomics. On other OSes (like Linux) this is done by introducing things like atomic_t, which appears to be a complex structure, holding the value together with accompanying spinlock (implemented using swp).

    #warning &quot;TODO: lookup optimal mmu table settings for raspi memory&quot;
        /* Set up an identity-mapping for all 4GB */
        for(x = 0; x &lt; 4096; x ++)
        {
            pagetable[x] = x&lt;&lt;20 | (0x40002|0x80000|0x010000|0x00C00|0x04);
        }

Shouldn't there be a second loop that sets the 'C' bit in the descriptor for the RAM pages?

Currently, you have TEX=0, C=0, B=1 for all pages (Shared Device).

You should have TEX=0, C=1, B=0 for RAM (Write-Through, Cached)

    So ..
     
     pagetable[x] = x&lt;&lt;20 | 2;

     
    should be enough?

No, for RAM you need to change the '| 0x40' to '| 0x80'

tell dosboot the correct defaults to use

Please don't do this. This bootconfig.c is a deprecated legacy thing. I wanted it to go away completely with time. Instead,  display  drivers  should auto-install themselves during own initialization phase. I. e. detect hardware=&gt;instantiate itself. This   should   make  things way simpler. With this approach you only need  to add the driver into KS image to get the device autobooted. No hardcoded stuff. 
Currently  VESA  and  VGA drivers do this, look there for examples. never rewrote ATI driver because i don't have any test system for it.

they defined a smaller AROSCPUContext than the ExceptionContext - yet reference it as ExceptionContext in other places, and since it hasn't allocated enough storage for ExceptionContext, are corrupting memory/the structure (since the elements that are there don't map 1 to 1 with the exception context).

AFAIK, AROS has been moving in a different direction to this in recent years. It is the job of graphics HIDDs to allocate bitmaps etc. so that they have the most suitable characteristics, including allocating them from GPU RAM where possible. The concept of chip RAM is only for legacy code, and most if not all non-68k platforms should have all system RAM
marked as chip.

BTW, is the video processing code you mention CPU code or GPU code?

Also, IIRC we have support for &quot;external memory allocators&quot;. Perhaps that's what we need for the allocation of GPU RAM through the mailbox.

All hosted and x86 native ports should use proper context formats.

trying to clarify if the vblank handler has to have run by this point to prevent this deadlock. Actually, no. Unless you have installed VBlank handler which should wake up at some point. Without VBlank there will be no quantum count. Consequently, there will be no forced preemption. But the rest will work, and multitasking will be cooperative (switch happens only when current task voluntarily gives up the CPU). Does it depend on the vblank having run before this point? and if yes what does that mean on systems where it might be able to run enough code (e.g. get to this point) before the vblank interrupt has triggered? What is it waiting for? It could wait for timer, in this case you need timer.device working. VBlank is currently needed for exec's quantum counter. In current native ports we have only a single timer, which is served by timer.device. VBlank is simulated by timer.device also. If your machine has two timers, then you can use one of them for VBlank, and another for timer.device, this will simplify things down. VBlank needs to be 50 Hz for historical reasons, many programs use it as cheap timer. I am periodically thinking about making some abstract mechanism to be able to change quantum source (and untie it from 50 Hz), but have no time to come up with something good. Additionally i started disliking timer.device hardcoded design when PC has got many timers (old 8253, APIC, HPET).
Currently i think there should be some low-level entity representing tick source. timer.device should just select the most appropriate source for its units.
The BCM2835 has 4 GPU based timer sources - 2 are used by the GPU, so im using Timer3 for our heartbeat and the remaining one will be free to the system. There is also the less capable ARM timer but that is dependent on the CPU frequency. Very good. You won't need any emulation. Set the heartbeat to 50 Hz and drive VBlank from it. Use other timer for MicroHZ.

Can you use the 'econsole.hook' I make for debugging the Sam460 via the serial port?
It provides a before-anything-else shell prompt on the serial port.  You can then do 'NewCLI' to test your graphics, or use any DOS command in shellcommands.resource.

You should just be able to add econsole.hook to your module list, and use 'econsole' in your bootargs.

So long as you have a working Exec/RawMayGetChar and Exec/RawPutChar, it should work.

Also make sure to add shell.resource and shellcommands.resource for this.

That should have done it.

If you set &quot;#define DEBUG 1&quot; in  arch/all-native/econsole/econsole.c, do you get any additional serial output?

have added it to the build and added econsole to the command line - and can see the bootloader picks up on the emergency bootconsole tag, but I still only get the insert bootable media display?

Im assuming it exposes a fake filesystem that tricks aros into booting?
The contents of which are: ECON:AROS.boot

Way to handle the scheduling code? The implementations I had been following were causing problems, due to cascading interrupts which I cant handle properly in the asm stubs just now (when they break disable etc.) - since it means detecting the interrupted codes cpu mode and getting the correct sp/lr for it, and that's just too tedious for arm.
 
To work around this ive added a system idle task which does nothing - and when the scheduling code has no task to run switches this in and lets it run, thereby allowing the interrupts etc to resume until something does need to happen.
 
Also, by adding accounting code to cpu_Switch() and cpu_Dispatch(), it should allow the system to log idle time correctly (as well as running tasks).
 
have thought of also adding an additional task that never runs, solely to record time spent in IRQ handlers, but I digress..

was under the impression that kernel.resource should *never* be used outside of exec.library. This is a wrong impression.
Michal started designing it because portable nature of AROS does not fit well into exec's API with all its assumptions. So, he started the new, hardware-agnostic kernel API from scratch. Yes, exec sits on top of it in places. But kernel always meant to be open thing. Otherwise it would not exist. 
it wasn't meant to be just used willy nilly by user code - but by lower system components (e.g. exec) so that they could be implemented in a more generic fashion, and the kernel resource itself hide the systems quirks.

Adding new things there perfectly keeps up with our decision to minimize AROS-specific intervention into APIs which can clash with MorphOS or Amiga OS4 extensions. We want at least source-level compatibility there. Binary compatibility on PPC would be extremely cool, but at the other hand we have no maintainer for this, as well as their ABIs splintering. 
It depends on what exactly is being implemented - there's no reason we should have everything crammed into kernel.resource if it doesn't need to be (i.e. if its better suited as a separate component/subsystem in its own right)

The _LE versions are for when you have endian swapping taking place.  If the graphics are the same endian as the CPU, no swapping should occur.  I ran into a similar terminology problem in SDL with a friend insisting that his Radeon 7000 on his PC was big-endian.  It is not, it just uses the same endianness for the graphics card and the CPU so no swapping was necessary.  They were both little-endian.
The _LE versions are because the PixFmts refer to the bitmap data being in big endian format in memory, for which the normal version would need to do endianness conversion before applying the shifts/masks. on this platform it is in _LE in memory also so we don't need the conversion hence using the _LE version of the call). would use _LE (if it's really little endian 16 bit mode).

 
What is the bare minimum needed to implement a framebuffer based gfx driver, with our software handling the rest?

Have tried with just a gfx class that only expose new/dispose/newbitmap - and having an onscreenbitmap used only for the framebuffer itself (with all other bitmaps being chunkybm, and the framebuffer's superclass also being chunkybm), but that alone isn't enough it seems?
You can use workbench/hidds/sm502/ as your example - it is as simple as I could make it.
So, AROS creates the framebuffer bitmap (verified this) -&gt; so surely it should be capable of then rendeing into it? I don't actually create the framebuffer &quot;bitmap object&quot; myself - only as a result of being asked to. The code I currently have on SVN seems to create the framebuffers bitmap object fine, but then crashes in intuitions DisplayDriver callback.  In particular it crashes performing the getattr on the system default pointer. don't expose MEMF_CHIP in an allocatable form so AllocSpriteData was failing (and other code later doesn't check if the values are valid == illegal memory accesses) 

So far have -:

vc_init: queries the gpus memory, and sets up a fake memory handler for it, then adds the bootmode driver and returns saying all is well
vc_gfxhidd:New: sets up some fake syncmodes to test with and creates the real gfx object.
vc_gfxhidd:NewBitmap: checks if its a framebuffer and uses the onbitmap class or uses the chunkybm class otherwise
vc_onbitmap:New; creates a chunkybm object and then pushes the real framebuffer address into it as the buffer,

vc4 had v8adds, v8subs, v8muld, v8min and v8max which operated on four 8bit uint values packed into a 32bit register. Multiplication was in the range 0.0 to 1.0 and addition/subtraction saturated. There were also a range unpacking/packing modes that allowed you to pack and unpack 8bit values into 32bit registers. 

RasPi has to speak to the &quot;operating system&quot; which runs on the GPU itself and request/free memory - it cant directly manage it itself, and so the managed functions were used to wrap these calls.

The Arm and GPU share memory space. The framebuffer is shared. The Arm can write a pixel and it will appear on the screen (through GPU hardware) without flushing/copying being required.

The GPU can composite multiple FB's in real time - so you have a number of surfaces defined which are rotated etc and  composited in real time to the output. Copying can map from the address space of the Arm to the flat space of the GPU which takes some code, but I don't think whole buffers are copied.

The DMA hardware can also access the whole memory space and can perform 2D fills and blits (no blending). This is documented in the peripheral spec posted. The DMA is just an Arm accessible peripheral and can be set up with low latency (e.g. microseconds).
must use a 0xc0000000-based bus address to access SDRAM, yet non-DMA access should go via a 0x0-based bus address. 
For 2D dma, set TDMODE, and the spec says &quot;interpret the TXFR_LEN register as YLENGTH number of transfers each of XLENGTH, and add the strides to the address after each transfer.&quot; so set STRIDE to pitch of the image, the width is XLENGTH and height is YLENGTH. You would fill by not setting the SRC_INC and point source to your fill data.

The DMA cannot see the ARM's L1 cache, so you would map the framebuffer with ioremap_nocache. Depending on where the source data comes from, it may need an L1 cache flush. The DMA can see the L2 cache. Use 0xC0000000 bus addresses when L2 is disabled and 0x40000000 bus addresses when L2 is enabled. (actually just call virt_to_bus and you'll get the right address out).

openGLES/openVG has high latency. Writing to framebuffer then reading it back is very inefficient (e.g. milliseconds). If you can drive it a unidirectional way, just streaming commands at then that is efficient. openVG is not implemented on top of openGLES - it uses the same hardware but as a first class interface

To improve the Gfx driver, we will need a DMA resource implemented so can use to perform DMA operations. The Gfx driver will need this to perform blits.


Actually MEMF_CHIP has to present, for historical reasons.
This has been never fully agreed upon, but in ports i wrote i exposed the whole memory as MEMF_CHIP. The idea behind this is that CHIP is originally the memory where graphics and sound data can be put. On non-Amiga platforms there are no restrictions on this, so the whole memory is CHIP.
Yes, many old software can misbehave with CHIP memory size larger than 2MB. But this actually applies only to m68k AROS which is going to run m68k binaries. In other cases it's quite logical to fix the program when porting.

As to original question: yes, it's enough to have a framebuffer bitmap (one with aoHidd_BitMap_FrameBuffer set to TRUE) and PutPixel routine. It framebuffer can be served by chunky bitmap class, then you can simply create chunky bitmap with your own buffer (see how VESA driver does this). Chunky PutPixel is already there.

struggling to determine what is the correct pixfmt to use for the 24/16/15 bit gfx modes on the RasPi.  AFAIK it uses RGB565, for 16bit but im unsure what shifts etc should go with it? suffice to say Im getting the wrong colors so far lol.

&lt;pre&gt;
redmask: 0x0000F800
greenmask: 0x000007E0
bluemask: 0x0000001F
alphamask: 0

redshift: 16
greenshift: 21
blueshift: 27
alphashift: 0
&lt;/pre&gt;

It should likely be vHidd_StdPixFmt_RGB16_LE

This stuff is a bit confusing.  The &quot;names&quot; of the stdpixfmts are based on the layout in memory,
ignoring endianess. So for example:

ARGB32: will be 0xAA 0xRR 0xGG 0xBB in memory on both big endian and little endian machines.

The shifts and masks OTOH are based on pixel access (ULONG in this case), so differ depending
on whether you run on big endian machine or little endian machine (that's why there's stdpixfmt_le.h and
stdpixfmt_be.h in rom/hidds/graphics/).

With the 16 bit pixel format it's even more confusing, as for example it's impossible on little endian machine
to describe RGB16 with shifts/masks alone. That's why there's vHidd_PixFmt_SwapPixelBytes_Flag.
(RGB16 == RRRRRGGG GGGBBBBB in memory, and for pixel (WORD) access on little endian machine it needs to
be accessed as GGGBBBBBRRRRRGGGG).

The shifts btw indicate how much to shift the component to the left (!) so that it is moved to the highest bit (31).

The aHidd_PixFmt_StdPixFmt you specify will be ignored most of the time, because when the pixelfmt is registered,
the gfx hidd checks if there's an identical pixfmt (shifts/masks/etc., but ignoring pixfmt-&gt;stdpixfmt) already in the system,
and if so, it uses the already existing one and does not create a new one.

In theory it would be better if gfx drivers could simply/only specify a StdPixFmt without all the shifts/masks stuff when the
gfx driver uses pixfmt which matches one of the stdpixfmts exactly. Another possibility would be for gfx drivers to use
HIDD_Gfx_GetPIxFmt(stdpixfmt_gfx_driver_wants_to_use) and then peek shifts/masks from it and fill out a pixfmt
tag list based on that.
15bit very blue/green: Try to pass same shifts/masks/etc. as in 16 bit pixfmt (maybe you think it's using 15 bit R5G5B5
(or swapped) but it's actually still using 16 bit R5G6B5 (or swapped).
 aHidd_PixFmt_StdPixFmt you pass is mostly ignored. It's the shift/masks/etc. that count.
But I would still pass the correct one (_LE) == whatever rom/hidds/graphics/stdpixfmts_??.h uses
in the entry where you have looked up shifts/masks/etc.

Use the shifts/masks/etc. from the entry in stdpixfmt_le.h (if you are running on little endian machine) or stdpixfmt_be.h (if you
are running on little endian machine) that matches the pixfmt that its meant to be.

0xAA,0xRR,0xGG,0xBB on little endian (-&gt;entry in stdpixfmt_le.h which says vHidd_StdPixFmt_ARGB32)
0xBB,0xGG,0xRR,0xAA on little endian (-&gt;entry in stdpixfmt_le.h which says vHidd_StdPixFmt_BGRA32)

0xAA,0xRR,0xGG,0xBB on big endian (-&gt;entry in stdpixfmt_be.h which says vHidd_StdPixFmt_ARGB32)
0xBB,0xGG,0xRR,0xAA on big endian (-&gt;entry in stdpixfmt_be.h which says vHidd_StdPixFmt_BGRA32)

it feels like AROS trashes the alpha component, otherwise it should be 8A8R8G8B.

read on the subject suggest its in 1x5r5g5b (x is ignored) to keep 16bit alignment .
 
Suggests to me that wrong shift/mask are being applied - however going by the 16bit versions it all looks correct to me so I am really confused as to what is happening.

The output image looks to have too much green/blue, and very weak red.


 Kickstart 

The  idea  is  to minimize amount of archirecture-specific modules to make the user's  life  easier.  So,  the kickstart was split into 'base' (which  does  not  contain anything machine-specific) and 'BSP' (Board Support Package) which contains all hardware-specific stuff. This  way,  for  example, distribution makers can save up space on CD and  make  CDs with multiple platform support. Different configuration would load the same base with different BSP's.

Next  there  was some part which is entirely missing on hosted. These are   filesystems.  Hosted  ports  do  not need them to boot up, so on hosted   they  are  left  out.  At  the  other  hand,  they  are  also architecture-agnostic.  So  i put them into 'FS' package (standing for 'filesystem').


 USB 

Poseidon  is  one  more  big part. I made it into separate package in order to allow users to omit it if they don't need it (for example, to run  on retro PCs without USB). Personally i have one. Again, Poseidon is  hardware-agnostic (well, there are USB drivers but HCIs are pretty standard).

AFAIK its HCI 1.0 compliant but not familiar enough with poseidons drivers, nor USB, to just hack away at the existing code.  Perhaps once i'm more familiar with the workings I can merge in the changes needed to get it operating but for now I will focus on getting it running.  Also our drivers have known issues so perhaps a fresh set of eyes might shed some light on what is going wrong.

Another interesting question is whether Poseidon can operate on device side. Is it flexible enough? How similar is being a USB host and USB device? think it will need a bit of work on Poseidon's side.  Until then I will force the driver into Host/Master mode in the init code, but leave open device etc to configure the chipset for either's use - and look at trying to add support for working in Device/Slave mode &amp; switching modes once it's up and running.

Actually USBROMStartup is some kind of kludge. Can there be any alternative? Could device drivers be self-installing, like our HIDDs? This would get rid of need to list them in USBRomStartup.

* Model A and B limited to 150 mA per port. 
* Model B+ and Pi 2 introduced configurable 600 mA to 1.2 A support over all ports - anything above that requires a powered USB hub.

Implementing the hardware driver that Poseidon uses to interact with the USB components.

Have code in place to (try) and initialise the USB chipset, and configure host/device mode operation (though AFAICT Poseidon doesn't support device mode). Started to get the &quot;virtual&quot; root hub written for the single USB port so that Poseidon should at least list it correctly in the GUI - and try to interact with it to find peripherals.


The BCM2835 uses a soft IP block from Synopsys’ DesignWare library (DWC), specifically the block is called dwc_usb_2_0_hs_otg_subsystem-ahb_se (“USB 2.0 Hi-Speed OTG Controller Subsystem w/AHB Interface SE”).

There is no public documentation for this, and pretty much zero chance of anyone getting hold of it even with NDA. However, there's a Linux driver written by Synopsys ([https://github.com/raspberrypi/linux dwc_usb]). Specifically directories [https://github.com/raspberrypi/linux/tree/rpi-patches/drivers/usb/host dwc_common_port] and [https://github.com/raspberrypi/linux/tree/rpi-patches/drivers/usb/host dwc_otg].

The Synopsys code is actually under a fairly permissive licence – it's not GPL, it's similar to BSD (’don't sue us if it breaks’ is pretty much the only clause). So this should not be a barrier to porting the code.

The code is really well written, with a nice partition between the work done by the driver (dwc_otg, which is fairly involved, given the host does more work than a conventional EHCI driver), and the interface to Linux (dwc_common_port).

Probably only need provision of relevant changes to dwc_common_port. Other things to consider....

* Provision of necessary headers to get it to compile
* Provision of necessary functions (main issues are wait queues, threads, work queues, tasklets, timers, spinlocks and mutexes (multithreading) )
* Interfacing between USB stack and the driver. dwc_otg/dwc_otg_hcd_linux.c looks like the place to start.

the Linux bits of the headers are only required for the dwc_common_port library. dwc_common_port includes a variety of crypto functions which are not used – it appears to also be used for ultrawideband (UWB) and wireless USB (WUSB) drivers where crypto will be an issue, but it isn't going to be for plain wired USB.

Every USB driver acts as an USB hub as well in order to let Poseidon control the state of USB ports. The code there was reading status of the only USB port in Raspberry's CPU but when changing the status it erroneously deleted some of the status bits, including the port enable one. It was so because those bits in the status register are of a type Read/WriteToClear. It means, if one does not want to change their value from 1 back to 0, one has to actually write the 0 value. Very practical thing e.g. in interrupt handlers, where one reads the interrupt status register to learn what was the interrupt reason, and writes it back to the same register in order to clear the interrupts. 

After fixing that code it turned out that the communication was still unsuccessful. Apparently the USB device was not understanding the host for some reason. That should not happen since the request sent was one of the standard ones implemented by virtually anything with an USB connector, assumed that Poseidon clears the data caches before forwarding the work to the USB drivers but that's the responsibility of the driver itself. 

The USB device responded and acknowledged the transmission! But why were all the request sent after address change failing with timeout? They should not. Once again, address set is supported just by anything. Tried to contact the device at address 0 once again and there it was, still responding properly. The enlightenment came. The bus address for DMA transmissions was, as it is in many bare metal USB implementations, just the pure memory address of the buffer as seen by the ARM cpu. Have &quot;prefixed&quot; it with the real location of uncached RAM and booted AROS once again. 


Trident saw this:

    Product     : Hub: Vdr=0424/PID=9514
    Manufacturer: Standard Microsystems Corp.
    SerialNumber: n/a
    /Users/michal/git/AROS/rom/USB/poseidon/./poseidon.library.c:psd_20_psdEnumerateDevice/3092: USBVersion: 0200
    Class     : 9
    SubClass  : 0
    DevProto  : 2
    VendorID  : 1060
    ProductID : 38164
    DevVers   : 0200

and this:

    Product     : Vendor: Vdr=0424/PID=EC00
    Manufacturer: Standard Microsystems Corp.
    SerialNumber: n/a
    /Users/michal/git/AROS/rom/USB/poseidon/./poseidon.library.c:psd_20_psdEnumerateDevice/3092: USBVersion: 0200
    Class     : 255
    SubClass  : 0
    DevProto  : 1
    VendorID  : 1060
    ProductID : 60416
    DevVers   : 0200

and even this:

    Product     : Hub: Vdr=0424/PID=9514
    Manufacturer: Standard Microsystems Corp.
    SerialNumber: n/a
    /Users/michal/git/AROS/rom/USB/poseidon/./poseidon.library.c:psd_20_psdEnumerateDevice/3092: USBVersion: 0200
    Class     : 9
    SubClass  : 0
    DevProto  : 2
    VendorID  : 1060
    ProductID : 38164
    DevVers   : 0200

What are these things? The first one is USB hub built in the Raspberry. Thanks to this one the Pi machines (with exception of Pi0 and computing modules) have more than just one single USB port. The second one is the network chip in raspberry, the third one is my USB SD card reader which have just connected to see what happens. AROS tried, of course, to boot from it ;)

So, the first step towards working USB is done. The control transfers are working as you can see above. Next step is to implement bulk and interrupt transfers, having the basics in place. Finally some error handling will be added and USB for Pi will be as complete as the PC version. 

[http://www.raspyfi.com/raspberry-pi-usb-audio-fix/ Issue with USB Audio]


 Audio 

The Pi 4B is the only Pi that can output HD Audio as an HD Audio passthrough bitstream, and it does it over HDMI. It's possible to use the two HDMI output for separate HDMI video and HDMI audio outputs to allow UHD HDR video and HD Audio with non-UHD HDR compatible AVRs. 

The Pi3B+ and earlier will decode to PCM 5.1/7.1 and output over HDMI.  HDMI is the only interconnect that has a standard for carrying Dolby True HD, DTS HD MA etc. as a bitstream - you can't carry it as a bitstream on any other interface.

Pi3 and Pi4 audio jack output derived from 12bit pulse width modulation is relatively poor. For better, choose USB Audio or I2C versions. 

[https://github.com/raspberrypi/linux/tree/rpi-patches/sound/arm audio] and its [https://github.com/raspberrypi/firmware/issues/2 very high speed message passing interface type of thing VCHI] 

The Model B+ added an additional voltage regulator for the audio output and an additional output driver to drive low-resistance loads like headphones. However it is still using pulse-width modulation (PWM), which has a major impact on sound quality

the old Raspberry Pi used a linear voltage regulator to provide the 3.3V to many of the components on the board while the new one uses a switching regulator. Both can perform reasonably well. However switch mode power supplies often show higher noise figures

Analogue audio

Audio over HDMI rev 1.3 &amp; 1.4


 Ethernet 

10/100 BaseT Ethernet RJ45 socket


 GPIO 

GPIO shouldn't be too bad but bear in mind it is already accessed in places so they would need to allocate pins etc through it (e.g. sdcard to flicker the activity light, serial debug to output data on the GPIO pins)

Probably a resource rather than a device...

Started an i2c driver that will need to allocate GPIO pins. Feel free to work on it if you are interested ;p


 GPU graphics with 2D and 3D acceleration 

Sadly none yet for 32bit but for 64bit... 


 Miscellanous

hdmi issues

Setting the hdmi_force_hotplug=1 makes sure the Pi believes the monitor/TV is really there.

You might also need to set config_hdmi_boost=4 or even higher (up to 9) if your display needs a stronger signal.

If the display is a computer monitor or newer tv, use hdmi_group=1 (auto HDMI use) and if it is an older TV, try hdmi_group=2 (for DMT formats, i.e. for PC monitors) then you HAVE to &quot;set hdmi_drive = 2 to enable HDMI output as this forces HDMI mode rather than DVI mode

Do not set hdmi_safe=1 as that overrides many of the previous options.

Using a shorter or better quality HDMI cable might help. Make sure your Pi's power supply delivers 1 A and not 500 mA.
If you see a problem with the red colour - either absent, or interference - then try a boost

composite video

changing the RCA cable, then the composite port worked out of the box

Boot it as you are doing, without HDMI. If you now plug in the HDMI, do you get the image? In other words, does the Pi think HDMI is connected even when it isn't?

Rename all the files in the first partion of the card except bootcode.bin, start.elf and fixup.dat  What's the result?

Put back config.txt What's the result?

for PAL mode   sdtv_mode=2

dmi_ignore_hotplug Pretends HDMI hotplug signal is not asserted so it appears a HDMI display is not attached
hdmi_ignore_hotplug=1 Use composite mode even if HDMI monitor is detected

&lt;pre&gt;
# NOOBS Auto-generated Settings:
#hdmi_force_hotplug=1
#config_hdmi_boost=4
#overscan_left=24
#overscan_right=24
#overscan_top=16
#overscan_bottom=16
#disable_overscan=0
start_x=1
gpu_mem=128
&lt;/pre&gt;

tvservice -c &quot;PAL 4:3&quot;

&lt;pre&gt;
/opt/vc/bin/tvservice -s   or tvservice -s 
state: HPD high|HDMI mode|HDCP off|composite off (0x12001a), 1920x1080 @ 60 Hz, progressive

/opt/vc/bin/tvservice -m CEA
Group CEA has 1 modes:
(native) mode 16: 1920x1080 @ 60 Hz, progressive

/opt/vc/bin/tvservice -m DMT
Group DMT has 0 modes:
&lt;/pre&gt;

sudo amixer cset numid=3 1

forces the audio to the headphone jack, even with the HDMI video output plugged in

config.txt

the hdmi_ignore_edid_audio=1 option sems relevant as it should tell ALSA that the only available audio is analog, no matter what the display says

There are several different ways that these 4 pole (ring) composite analog cables can be wired up, so some work great in some applications and can be a waste of time in others.

What is needed for the Raspberry Pi B+ and above, which like many camcorders needs the ring contact next to the base contact to be the ground.


The wiring for the 4 pole are:

TIP (LEFT AUDIO CHANNEL)

RING 1 (RIGHT AUDIO CHANNEL)

RING 2 (GROUND/EARTH)

RING 3 BASE/SLEEVE (VIDEO) YELLOW

Most Apple based Players and the Microsoft Zune (TM) are wired this way.

Most analogue camcorders are wired this way as well, where the ground in on Ring 2 will work with the Pi although you may need to swap your Video plug with the Right Audio plug.

Nearly all other MP3 players are not wired this way, the ground is on another ring ie the wrong one.


External devices

* Camera Module Omnivision ov5647 Sunny 5MP (NoIR version) V1.3 - NoIR at 850&amp;nbsp;nm, peak at 880&amp;nbsp;nm and trails off at 940&amp;nbsp;nm wavelengths 
* Camera V2 Sony IMX219 V2.1 8mpixel 8MP 8megapixel - 3280 x 2464 pixels - video at 1080p30, 720p60 and 640x480p90 - wider field of view, 62 vs 54 degrees horizontally - 
* Branded WIFI usb BCM43143 dongle

N.B.  dreaded error after changing cameras (stupidly without turning off the power first) and lasted through several power cycles.  It can be a bad 15-pin FFC ribbon cable, when swapped, camera(s) and the Pi itself are working OK. It can be an instance of a cold solder joint on the CSI connector on the pi board.  the camera can be detected (that's done via I2C) but may still not be able to receive image data (done via CSI-2) if something is broken. CSI-2 is uni-directional. Control is generally done via I2C. 
The CSI-2 receiver always writes to memory, not direct to the ISP. That's the way the Broadcom architecture works as it allows multipass processing easily. GPU memory is accessible from the ARM. Processing using the QPU graphics processors may be possible.  currently the only supported sensor is OV5647 and IMX219.  The linux drivers are all in the firmware blob, else you'd  be looking at at least a man-month of work in a fully fledged imaging lab to do a decent tuning of the camera modules' ISP parameters. 
Static electricity maybe an issue for the camera module and slightly less for the pi board.


== References ==


===Good sites to visit===

*[https://github.com/raspberrypi/firmware/tree/master/ Raspberry Pi Firmware build] 
*[https://www.raspberrypi.com/documentation/computers/software-sources.html Documentation] 
*[https://rpilocator.com/ RPiLocator] 


Linux only
*[https://github.com/raspberrypi/linux Raspberry Pi Linux Build] 
*[https://dietpi.com/ DietPi] 
*[http://www.tinycorelinux.net/ports.html piCore]
*[https://wiki.alpinelinux.org/wiki/Raspberry_Pi Alpine Linux] 
*[https://github.com/armbian/build Armbian] 


*[ FydeOS]
*[ TwisterOS based on ChromiumOS] 
*[https://note.com/jamesmondo/n/nc76e31402be8?hl=en BSD] 


*[https://www.raspberrypi.com/software/operating-systems/ PiOS Lite] and then [https://hstwb.firstrealize.com/ HST] 
*[ PiMiga for pi4 and pi5] 
*[ amibian for pi2 and pi3] 
*[ retropie pi1 and 2] 


Other alternative lighter smaller than Pi OS 
*[https://aros.sourceforge.io/nightly1.html Aros 64bit ARMV8 single core] 
*[https://www.riscosopen.org/wiki/documentation/show/Welcome%20to%20RISC%20OS%20Pi RiscOS on Pi3 and Pi4]
*[https://github.com/michalsc/Emu68 ARM based realtime JIT 68k for amiga computers] 
*[https://github.com/JJDSNT/bellatrix/releases/ Alternative use of Emu68 on Pi3b] 
*[https://github.com/stevereaver/uaos uaOS with Emu68k] 
*[https://github.com/aros-development-team/AROS/commit/f80a268607dfae81b2db94755ab4e4d31ccb72d6 m68kemu library reference] 
*[ HaikuOS]
*[https://github.com/raspberrypi/noobs NOOBS] os loader with successor [https://github.com/procount/pinn PINN] 
*[https://github.com/maxnet/berryboot berryboot]

*[https://github.com/brianwiddas/pi-baremetal Bare Metal Access on Pi 32bit] 


Testing procedure is put sd card in, connect board to board if necessary, plug in hdmi and then power nothing else is done especially CSI DSI etc 

[https://www.raspberrypi.com/documentation/computers/compute-module.html CM5] has the same 55mm x 40mm 2x100pin connectors form factor as the CM4 but [https://www.epdtonthenet.net/article/214508/Key-Considerations-When-Migrating-from-Raspberry-Pi-CM4-to-CM5.aspx some pins and other small things] have changed. Will need the [https://raspipcb.com/tech-blog/raspberry-pi-cm4-vs-cm5-difference-in-booting-from-sd-card/ right IO board to suit] 

*Green [ Raspberry Pi Compute Module 5 IO Board REV2 [https://pip.raspberrypi.com/categories/1097-raspberry-pi-compute-module-5-io-board SC1967]] - untested 
*Green [ RPi Compute Module 5 IO board REV1 [https://pip.raspberrypi.com/categories/1097-raspberry-pi-compute-module-5-io-board SC1751]] - untested 
*Black SupTronics Geekbord X1500 CM5 IO Carrier Board - untested
*Black DeskPi Super6C Cluster Mini-ITX Board - untested 
*[https://sipeed.com/nanocluster Sipeed NanoCluster] - untested up to 7 CM5 
*Green BentoIO CMX0 - untested 
*Box EDATec ED-CLAWBOX - untested 
*Home Assistant Yellow - Kit with PoE with Raspberry Pi Compute Module 5 - untested 
*Blue [https://www.waveshare.com/wiki/CM5_PoE_BASE_A Waveshare CM5-PoE-BASE-A] - untested 
*Box  Waveshare [ CM5-POE-BOX-A] - untested 
*Blue [https://www.waveshare.com/wiki/CM5-IO-BASE-B Waveshare CM5-IO-BASE-B] - untested 
*Blue [https://www.waveshare.com/wiki/CM5-IO-BASE-A Waveshare CM5-IO-BASE-A] - untested 
*Blue Waveshare [https://www.waveshare.com/wiki/CM5-NANO-B CM5-NANO-B] - untested 


*[https://carboncomputers.us/products/pi-flux piFlux]
*[https://carboncomputers.us/products/ Zitaotech Hackberry] CM5 lite only - 
*Portable [https://www.waveshare.com/pocketterm35.htm Waveshare PocketTerm35] with Pi4B or Pi5 - untested 
*Box [https://www.clockworkpi.com/uconsole ClockworkPi uConsole][https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EtI_bAahbR8 CM4 into an adapter or CM3 into so-dimm - Cyberdeck] - untested 


*Green RPi [https://datasheets.raspberrypi.com/cm4io/CM4IO-KiCAD.zip Compute Module 4] [https://datasheets.raspberrypi.com/cm4io/cm4io-datasheet.pdf IO board] V1.4 [https://datasheets.raspberrypi.com/cm4io/CM4IOUSB3-KiCAD.zip USB3] [https://datasheets.raspberrypi.com/cm4io/cm4iousb3-appnote.pdf CM4ISO] [https://datasheets.raspberrypi.com/cm4/cm4-datasheet.pdf Dual100pin] (2020) aka Development Platform Board - untested 
*Purple Pi Hut Cytron CM4 Maker Board - untested 
*Black DeskPi Super6C Cluster Mini-ITX Board - untested 
*[ KubeSail PiBox mini 2] 
*Home Assistant Yellow with Raspberry Pi Compute Module 4 - untested 
*[ Turing Pi V2] - untested CM4 with 260-pin SO-DIMM socket adapters and/or nvidia jetson nanos - untested 
*Blue [https://www.waveshare.com/wiki/CM4-IO-BASE-C Waveshare CM4-IO-BASE-C] - untested but binary blobs Rev01 Rev02 
*Blue [https://www.waveshare.com/wiki/CM4-IO-BASE-B Waveshare CM4-IO-BASE-B] - untested but binary blobs 
*Blue [https://www.waveshare.com/wiki/CM4-IO-BASE-A Waveshare CM4-IO-BASE-A] - untested but binary blobs 
*Blue [https://www.waveshare.com/wiki/CM4-NANO-B Waveshare CM4-NANO] - untested but usb and audio turned off or rerouted 
*Black [ Seeed Studio with BigTreeTech BTT pad 7] - bin blobs? 


CM3 has a 200 pin sodimm ddr2 connector form factor but not electrically SC0028, SC0029 
*Blue [https://wiki.geekworm.com/CM_IO_Board Geekworm RPi Compute Module IO Board] [https://github.com/geekworm-com/cm-io-board CSI DSI] with CM3 in ddr2 slot underside - '''works''' if SW1 on but CM3+ '''does not''' 
*Green [https://cdn-shop.adafruit.com/product-files/3442/CMIO_schematic.pdf RPi V3 IO board CM3IO] and CM3 Lite - untested 
*Green [https://turingpi.com/ turingpi v1 cluster] - untested up to 7 cm3 7xlan9514 12V discontinued, 3 x Pi4 homelab maybe better 
*Blue [https://www.waveshare.com/wiki/Compute_Module_PoE_Board Waveshare Compute Module PoE Board] and CM3 lite (if not lite, write files to internal eMMC fat32) '''AVOID''' bin blobs 
*Blue [https://www.waveshare.com/compute-module-io-board-plus.htm Waveshare Compute Module IO Board Plus] [https://www.waveshare.com/wiki/Compute_Module_IO_Board_Plus wiki] [https://forums.raspberrypi.com/viewtopic.php?t=235695 pin settings] with CM3+ Lite - '''AVOID''' binary blob 


*[ Pi02w on Geekworm SupTronics X305 Raspberry Pi Zero IO Baseboard] - untested 
*[ Spotpear Pi Zero 2w to Pi3b format-ish] - untested 


*[ pi-top v4] box has 128x64 oled display, micro hdmi, 19Whr battery with pi4 and 15V PD 36W min needed 
*[ pi-top v3] three green pieces, heatsink covers most of the base tray, pi-top hub mk1 lhs and Pi1B Pi2b Pi3b rhs secured from below, black rounded strip with pi-top above keyboard, 13.3&quot; HD 1366 x 768 display, small touchpad, 
*[ pi-top Model 2.0] pi-top on bottom bezel of 14-inch green laptop, large trackpad, keyboard slide down to reveal main system hub on slide rails moved to the right, Raspberry Pi3b screws down, hub slides in, 18V 2.5A 45W charger brick, battery 11.1V 3500mAh 38.85Wh and storage PiTopOS 
*[ Pi-Top CEED Raspberry Pi Modular Educational Desktop with RPI3] monitor 
*[https://www.indiegogo.com/en/projects/jesselozano/pi-top-a-raspberry-pi-laptop-you-build-yourself Pi-Top v1] wedge laptop with RPi2 


&lt;pre&gt;
2008 Trustees collected for Foundation
2009 Pi Foundation charity status gained 
2010 
2011 First Raspberry prototypes 
2012 First boards go on sale at CPC and RS. The Model A and B 700 MHz Arm11 - February 29th BCM 2835
2012 First million sold - more than the 10,000 original planned and anticipated 
2013 First Alpha Experimental builds of AROS Native for the 32bit Pi 
2013 Pi Trading launched making grants available, providing in house educational resources and Pi Academy for teacher training 
2013 Over two million sold 
2014 Over three million sold 
2014 Pi 1 Model B+ introduced that moved composite video to audio jack and same half gig of memory 
2014 Pi Model A+ v1.1 no ethernet and 1 usb - a little smaller - 
2015 Over four million first gen pis sold  
2015 Pi Zero 1.2 BCM2835 first production revision released with no camera port 
2016 Pi0 1.3 released with camera csi connector 
2017 Pi Zero W v1.1 1GHz Pi0W, single-core 32bit CPU BCM2835 released with Cypress CYW43438 wireless 
2020 Raspberry Pi Pico SC0919 with RP2040 32-bit 2Core ARM Cortex-M0+ up to 133 MHz - 264KB of SRAM and 2MB of on-board QSPI Flash - 
2024 Raspberry Pi Pico 2 with RP2350 2Core 32bit Arm Cortex-M33 and 2core open-hardware [https://github.com/wren6991/hazard3 Hazard3 RISC-V] 

2015 Pi 2 Model B v1.1 BCM2836 900/600 MHz ARM Cortex-A7 Armv7 quad 32bit, 32bit VideoCore IV GPU - 1Gb RAM - 5V 2A micro usb - SMSC LAN9514 chip - 
2015 Over a million pi2s sold 


2015 Raspberry Pi 2 Model B version 1.2 Pi2bv1.2, aka Pi2B2 has armv8 BCM2837 underclocked to 900Mhz without wifi/bluetooth module 
2016 Pi 3 Model B - Broadcom BCM2837 SOC four 64bit ARMv8 Cortex-A53 1.2GHz 32bit 1080p VideoCore IV GPU - 1Gb DDR2 - bluetooth 4.1, Cypress CYW43438 wireless 802.11n - 4 x USB2.0 ports - 5.1V 2.5A - SMSC LAN9514 chip 
2016 PIs total over 10 million worldwide 
2017 Compute Module 3 CM3 with BCM2837B0 armv8 Quad 64-bit - small 67.6mm x 31mm board which fits DDR2 SODIMM connector but not electrically compatible which plugs into needed IO board - beware of the I2C protocol issue 
     1Gb LPDDR2 RAM - Lite or 4Gb Emmc storage 
2017 12 million pis sold in total 
2018 Pi 3 Model B+ - 4c A53 BCM2837B0 1.4Ghz - 1Gb, wireless 802.11ac, gigabit ethernet (300Mbit/s) and bluetooth 4.2 - power over ethernet - 4 x USB2.0 ports - Microchip LAN7515 chip 
2019 Over 15 million sold 
2019 Pi 3 Model A+ with BCM2837b0 Cortex-A53 64-bit SoC @ 1.4 GHz with 512Mb LPDDR2, 1 usb2, 1 hdmi, 1 micro usb 5V 2A - no ethernet - 
2019 Raspberry Pi Compute Module 3+ CM3+ - Broadcom BCM2837B0 1.2Ghz, Cortex-A53 (ARMv8) 64-bit SoC on DDR2 SODIMM mechanically compatible only factor - IO board required 
     1Gb DDR2 and 8GB, 16GB, 32GB or a Lite variant without eMMC 
2021 Pi zero 2 (w or no W) RP3A0 quad 1GHz Cortex-A53 64bit BCM2710A1 512mB SDRam 
2025 edaTEC CM0 ED-CM0NANA with additional dev board with quad 1Ghz A53 with 512Mb Raysan RAM, 2 USB2 and 10/100 ethernet - pico castellated edge
 

2019 Pi 4 Model B v1.1 RPI4B - BCM2711B0T quad 64bit A72 1.5GHz, 4K VideoCore VI, AC wifi, Bluetooth 5.0, GbE Broadcom BCM54213PE (PHY ID 0x600d84a2), 2 micro hdmi decode up to 4K, USB-C 5.1V 3A power, 2xVLI VL805 USB 3, 2xUSB 2.0, 2GB 9LDWW D9WHZ or 4GB 9FDWW D9WHV, 8GB 0AA47 D9ZCL ddr4 ram 
2020 Silent Pi 4 v1.2 upgrade with more USB-c psu support 
2020 PI400 BCM2711C0T 1.8GHz 4Gb DDR4 inside keyboard, 5.1V 5A 27W usb-c psu, 2 micro hdmi, external ide style 40pin gpio, no audio port - 
2020 Raspberry Pi Compute Module 4 BCM2711B0T on new 55mm x 40mm 2x100 pin form factor with extra breakout IO board 
     CM4101000 1Gb RAM Lite SOM 
     CM4102000 2GB RAM Lite 
     CM4104000 4GB RAM Lite 
     CM4004008-4GB-RAM 8GB-EMMC SOM System on Modules 
     CM4104032 4GB RAM 32GB emmc 
     CM4108000 8GB RAM Lite 
     CM4008016 8GB RAM 16Gb eMMc
2021 Raspberry Pi SC0763 Compute Module 4S CM4S with ddr2 sodimm pinouts but not electrically the same with suitable IO board extra cost - 
     CM4S01000 1GB RAM Lite
     CM4S01008 1GB RAM 8GB eMMC Flash
     CM4S02000 2GB RAM Lite
     CM4S04000 4GB RAM Lite
     CM4S04016 4GB RAM 16Gb KLMAG1JETD-B041 
     CM4S08000 8GB RAM Lite 
2021 Pi 4 v1.4 BCM2711B1 upgraded power regulator, to deal with 8gig of ram being more power hungry 
2021-48 Raspberry Pi 4 model B v1.5 2GB 


2023 Pi 5 v1.0 BCM2712 Quad A76 @2.4Ghz - VideoCore VII - no audio socket - dual 4k from mini hdmi - fan connector - 5.1V 5A psu 
2024 Pi 5 2GB DDR4 version uses BCM2712D0 
2024 Pi-500 with 8Gb LPDDR5 and membrane keyboard 
2024 Pi 5 v1.1 
2024 Raspberry Pi Compute Module 5 CM5 BCM2712 55mm x 40mm form factor with additional IO board 
     CM5004000 04GB RAM 0GB eMMC Lite
     CM5008000 08GB RAM 0GB eMMC Lite
     CM5016000 16GB RAM 0GB eMMC Lite
2025 Pi-500+ with 256GB NVMe storage, 16GB LPDDR4 RAM, and Gateron KS-33 Low Profile Blue mechanical keyboard switches 
2025 Pi5 1GB DDR4 announced 


2022 PiOS linux goes 64bit 
2024 Pi Trading IPO stockmarket stock exchange listing 


2026 April and May Aros 64bit fixed, added AHI audio, VC4 gfx started, usb functions added to rom  
2026 June and July Aros 64bit usb2otg started, dma.resource, sdio.resource, bwfm.device wifi added 
2026 Late July daily 64bit Pi3 LE little endian builds start 
2026 August Pi 4, 400, 5 and 500 DTBs added, expanding existing support and wifi for Pi4 and Pi5 
2026 August Pi5 HAT+ nvme and HDMI, AHI RPiI2S added, Pi4 HVS5 video scaler started, 
2026 
2027 


2028 Pi 6 
&lt;/pre&gt;


The vcgencmd can be used to inspect and dump the current system configuration. 
vcgencmd runs on top of VCHIQ as an RPC. The mailbox interface is an alternate but much simpler RPC. 
VCHIQ is a bridge (queue) between the CPU and the GPU so they can communicate with the firmware. 

Loads of [https://github.com/6by9/rpi3-gpiovirtbuf/blob/master/rpi3-gpiovirtbuf.c mailbox] which uses the GPIO control calls. [https://github.com/raspberrypi/firmware/wiki/Mailboxes may also be of interest] 

A fair number of vcgencmd examples (search for vc_vchi_gencmd_init). [https://www.raspberrypi.org/forums/viewtopic.php?t=229203#p1406112 sends the relevant vcgencmd commands] to update the scaling kernel, but the [https://github.com/raspberrypi/userland/blob/master/host_applications/linux/apps/gencmd/gencmd.c command] is just a text string. Parsing and execution of the instructions is performed by the VideoCore firmware. 

The Raspberry Pi runs two separate operating systems: Linux/Aros on the ARM, and a threedx RTOS called vcos running on the Videocore 4 VPU: vcos is commonly called &quot;the firmware&quot;. Vcos is tasked with performing certain system services, for example running the display and audio outputs. The VCHI driver provides an interface to allow drivers to talk to vcos. 


Doubtful, on any [https://www.web3d.org/ Web3d] [https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/WebGL_API WebGL] or [https://github.com/immersive-web/webxr WebXR] [https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/WebXR_Device_API Device API] [https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/XRInputSource XRInputSource] support. Hopefully, never/limited support features like location, peer-to-peer, invasive web apps, unwarranted storage, payments, proprietary video streaming etc 

*spreadsheet [https://git.sheetjs.com/sheetjs/sheetjs sheetjs] [https://github.com/mleibman/SlickGrid SlickGrid javascript] [https://github.com/6pac/SlickGrid SlickGrid typescript] [https://github.com/jspreadsheet/ce jspreadsheet ce] probably without xlsx support 
*presentations [https://github.com/impress/impress.js/ impress.js simplified] [https://github.com/bwlewis/slides slides] [https://zenomt.github.io/mdslides/ github markdown slides] [https://github.com/Patternslib/slides Patternslib slides markdown] probably without pptx support 
*ai office [https://github.com/dream-num/univer/ univer], [https://github.com/dream-num/Luckysheet Luckysheet] [https://github.com/ruilisi/fortune-sheet fortune-sheet] 
*weather [https://github.com/Himanshu3412/Weather-Forecast Weather Forecast], [https://github.com/kaushalsahu07/weather weather needs API key], 


==Future==


[https://github.com/ARMSX2/ARMSX2 Arm pi of pcsx2], [https://github.com/Joshua-Riek/armbian-build Linux Armbian builds for old mobile devices], [], 


[https://tube.cadence.moe/ Cloudtube], [https://github.com/TeamPiped/documentation/blob/main/content/docs/public-instances/index.md TeamPiped], [], [], [], 

[https://hyperpipe.codeberg.page/ hyperpipe], [https://ytify.pp.ua/ ytify], [], [], 

[ ytdl], [https://github.com/golddominik893/liberatube liberatube]

[https://git.lolcat.ca/lolcat/4get 4get], [https://github.com/hnhx/librex librex], [], [], 


{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>tucb7hfm8f3dqgu8hxy62mlw81oqo3n</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4680375</id>
      <parentid>4680374</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T12:13:16Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jeff1138</username>
        <id>301139</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>4680375</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="107705" sha1="oci0kq7db0nh4ztxrnnckd0g48indbm" xml:space="preserve">{{ArosNav}}

[[#Native]]

[[#Hosted]]

[[#Build]]

[[#Hardware]]

[[#References]]

[[#Future]]


==Introduction==


[[File:Wanderer00.png|thumb|Wanderer on Aros Pi3b]]

[[File:Scalos00.png|thumb|Scalos on Aros Pi3b]]

[[File:DOpus5Magellan00.png|thumb|DOpus5 Magellan on Aros Pi3b]]


Aros aims to cover Pi 3 to 5 512Mb+ RAM 


Options to boot from using a good power source to prevent the yellow lightning symbol. 
*With Pi3b+ the max you can get is 5.1V 2.5A with micro usb.
*With Pi4 5.1V 3A with usb-c 
*With Pi5 5.1V 5A, the amps went ever upwards, even to 5.1V 9A with usb-c 


* Pi500+ keyboard wedge - working but not much tested esp [https://github.com/aros-development-team/AROS/commit/48e9c8edcca4b5c1e1fe0b1123f2129f624af67b power button] 
* Pi500 wedge with up to date bootloader via PiOS - working but not much testing esp [https://github.com/aros-development-team/AROS/commit/48e9c8edcca4b5c1e1fe0b1123f2129f624af67b power button] 
* Pi 5  - Quad A76 64bit ARMv8 and RP1 &quot;southbridge&quot; with VideoCore 7 D0 (rev1.1) - untested 
* Pi 5  - Quad A76 64bit ARMv8 and RP1 &quot;southbridge&quot; with VideoCore 7 Pre-D0 C1 (Rev1.0) - untested 
* Pi400 RPI-400 keyboard wedge - resolution changing and audio from micro hdmi0 (near 40pin) and micro hdmi1 (near usb-c psu) - Fn F10 0x5e power on and off works or held down for over 7 seconds auto shutdown - keyboard ok - wifi and lan ethernet testing - 
* Pi 4  - Quad A72 64bit ARMv8 with VideoCore 6 
* Pi 3  - Quad A53 [https://www.raspberrypi.com/documentation/computers/processors.html 64 bit] ARMv8 with VideoCore 4 with '''fan''' to prevent overheating cpu 82C+ throttling 
* Pi02W - Quad A53 64bit - boots but [https://forums.raspberrypi.com/viewtopic.php?p=2387984#p2387984 usb not working but did in the past], 


* Pi 2 - Quad 32bit ARMv6 with VideoCore 4 - mostly not 64bit compatible 
* Pi Model B+ 32bit ARMv6 with VideoCore 4 - not 64bit compatible 
* Pi Model A and B 32bit ARMv6 with VideoCore 4 - not 64bit compatible 


===Native===

* 2013-03 Kalamatee starts work
* 2015-04 Work continues with mschulz on the kernel and Kalamatee (NicJA) on gpio and usb
* 2018 [https://www.patreon.com/posts/i-owe-you-some-20956961 mschulz resume adding BE big endian support], [https://www.patreon.com/michal_schulz/posts Big endian on Pi]  
* 2026 [https://github.com/aros-development-team/AROS/commits?author=bsek latest commits for pi 3b, 4 and 5 64bit] 
* 2026 [https://github.com/aros-development-team/AROS/commits?author=metaneutrons latest commits for Pi5]
* 2026 [https://github.com/aros-development-team/AROS/commits?author=bitplane latest commits for ARM]


====64bit====

'''Download''' A [https://archive.org/details/piAROS Pi Distribution (Distro) has started] and the contents copied to fat32 8GB+ microSD card (there will be drawers/folders - boot c Classes Demos Developer Devs Extras etc only showing). The SD can be plugged in to the Pi. And power on. [https://pi.amiga.icu/ Repository]

'''Not recommended''' but [https://aros.sourceforge.io/nightly1.html RaspberryPi 3, 3+, 4 and 5 64bit ArmV8 nightly builds] [https://sourceforge.net/projects/aros/files/ and alternative site and nightly2] which is a test version of '''very few''' apps with both raspi-aarch64-system and raspi-aarch64-contrib can be unbz2'd to a SD or SSD as appropriate. 

64bit build works well on a single core LE little endian. [https://aros.sourceforge.io/nightly1.html raspi-aarch64-smp-system multicore is available] [https://github.com/aros-development-team/AROS/commit/1df0747c2bda3523a43029725a709b1f377d84ec]. Any issues booting could be down to the SD card so please use another SD to see if it is resolved. Remember Aros Arm uses FAT32 and Aros can detect issues with this format very acutely (once fault found, FAT 0x0FFFFFF7 bad cluster so no files written after that, no repair). Please report your experiences in the [https://www.arosworld.org/infusions/forum/viewthread.php?thread_id=2138&amp;pid=15057#post_15057 Aros forum thread], [https://forums.raspberrypi.com/viewforum.php?f=179 Raspberry Pi Aros Dev and User forums], [https://forums.raspberrypi.com/viewtopic.php?p=2387984#p2387984 previous Raspberry Pi forum thread]. Any bugs or issues can be [https://github.com/aros-development-team/AROS/issues described here to fix] 


*Pi500+   untested usb3 booting or nvme ssd 
*Pi500    untested usb3 booting 
*Pi5      untested usb3 booting 
*Pi400    boots with '''USB3''' port based sata3 ssd 
*Pi4      untested (may need eeprom update from PiOS or Pi SD Imager) 
*Pi 3 B+  is pre-configured for USB sata3 boot - untested 
*Pi 3 B   may need [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ubnwvxF3Klc PiOS to set OTP to boot from usb - do so at your own risk] - if OTP set to usb, boot works but slower than SD card 

Speed write wise (top faster) 
&lt;pre&gt;
*NVME Pi5 untested    &gt;1000MB/sec  or faster if matched correctly 
*Sata3 ssd              500MB/sec
*SD        V90           90MB/sec  4K maybe 8K 
*SD        V60           60MB/sec  1080p 
*SD     U3 V30           30MB/sec  720p 
*SD C10 U1 V10 A1 A2     10MB/sec  minimum should be used now 
*SD C06                   6MB/sec  
*SD C04                   4MB/sec 
&lt;/pre&gt;


As a homage to the past, Aros shows a reduced number of icons but this can be changed by left mouse click in the window and then right click down to Window -&gt; View -&gt; All files

Windows can be manipulated by the top (moving) and the bottom right corner (resizing) only. 

Zune like MUI gui interface, has a unique quirk in that after changing a setting in a text box, you may sometimes need to press Enter/Return before clicking OK, Save, etc 


Double left mouse click on most picture (Developer/Debug/Tests/Datatypes), audio and video files are supported, via datatypes, by the multiview application. 
Esc escape key usually closes open windows even the desktop 

In Prefs/Appearance some decorative theming elements need work. There is a few Mason icons in /Prefs/Presets/Icons/Mason/ and the ever present default Gorilla - Icon exchange in works 

For more intensive graphics applications, you may need to edit config.txt in the root folder and change 128M to 256M to adjust more memory to graphics usage 

If your cursor should '''appear''' to vanish, fear not it is still there. Please head to the top of the screen i.e. the title bar, hold down the left click mouse and drag the screen down a little and the cursor will appear again. Then you can drag the screen up again. 


Like most amiga like OSs the audio and networking need to be setup manually 

Audio AHI prefs - Mode settings tab - needs both Music unit and Unit 0 set to RPiHDMI:16 bit stereo++  or RPiPWM:16 bit stereo++ at 44100Hz. Press '''Save or Use''' button after each choice 


For wireless, please use the Wifi prefs and already selected device bwfm.device. Press Scan and double right click on the router and enter password. You may need to setup after every power off
*if asking for password again - press cancel and go to Network Prefs, Wireless Networks tab and highlight the router line and hit the remove button and press the cancel button. Retry with Wifi prefs again 
*...waiting for an address - Disconnect and try Connect 
Until, Connected to &lt;router&gt; - 192.168.x.x 


For lan ethernet port, please use Network prefs and the following hardware is 
*lan9514    Pi3b Pi2 not supported at the moment 
*lan7515    Pi3b+ type into Device  usblan78xx.device as net0:  remove other device(s) 
*bcmgenet   Pi4 Pi400 choose for Device bcmgenet.device 
*cdnsgem    Pi5 Pi500 Pi500+ RP1 i/o for cadencegem 
 (network prefs may forget random information when rebooted) 


Summary
&lt;pre&gt;
̽*Pi3a̹+   wifi works, 
*Pi3b    ethernet not supported, usb ethernet not working but wifi prefs setup works 
*Pi3b+   wifi working and ethernet works 
*Pi4     untested 
*Pi400   wifi and ethernet untested 
*Pi5     wifi and ethernet untested
*Pi500   wifi and ethernet untested
*Pi500+  wifi works 
&lt;/pre&gt;


Type in 'aarch64' in the [https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=search&amp;tool=simple search box] and you will see available software packages / apps. apkg can be used to inspect and install applications. 

[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=network/browser amelinium web browser] (JS 1.6 ES9 ECMASCript 2018) is available with an [https://eab.abime.net/showthread.php?t=122494&amp;page=88 eab thread] reminiscent of [https://github.com/zapek/Voyager Voyager] and to a lesser extent [https://github.com/amigazen/aweb3/ Aweb] JavaScript 1.5 (ECMAScript 3) as css and javascript websites can be slow to load or resolve (no JIT). 

Press Cancel at screenmode selector or -wb argument to get windowed version. You could use the Shift + Del shortcut or mouse wheel should work to delete all text at once. Html5test gives 189 (1.29), 300 (1.31), 301 (1.39), 316 (1.59) out of 555. 

You may have to delete the cache (Menu -&gt; Page -&gt; Delete cache) to fully retest big Amelinium updates or free up space. 
Be aware [https://pianetaamiga.it/en/reportage-pianeta-amiga-2026/ some site pages] can use up hundreds of MBs of cache very quickly 

 DNS lookup failed...  close browser and reboot and setup wifi again - repeat until it works again 

 youtube video and audio - js button for javascript must be on/shaded -  Settings -&gt; Soundoutput - AHI 
Any restriction to lower resolutions is due to [https://docs.invidious.io/faq/#q-where-are-the-360p480p1080p-quality-options bandwidth]. Either CPU/GPU, internet speed and/or video quality. Pi3 can expect up to 480p (wifi) and up to 720p (ethernet). Pi4 expect (wifi)  (ethernet). 

If no separate audio stream error - set settings -&gt; Video quality to 360p or lower as Youtube has a fallback mode at that level 

Keep youtube length playback to under 2 hours 

https://t.me/s/channel_name for Telegram public messages from [https://t.me/s/AROS_official AROS_official] [https://t.me/s/vamped_amiga vamped_amiga] [https://t.me/s/demoscenecracktros demoscenecracktros] 

*art local js apps like dpaint.js 


There is normally no Bluetooth support for most amiga like OSs but that has changed recently [https://github.com/aros-development-team/AROS/commit/6942cbfbf66426d21963a7fcd8aba6aff611a9e0 work in progress] [https://github.com/RPi-Distro/bluez-firmware/tree/pios/trixie/debian/firmware/broadcom firmware] 

*Bluetooth 4.1 BCM43430A1.hcd Pi3B, Pi3A, Zero 2W 
*Bluetooth 4.2 BCM4345C0.hcd  Pi3B+, Pi4 
*Bluetooth 5.0 BCM4345C5.hcd  Pi4B rev, CM4 and maybe Pi5 and CM5 

&lt;pre&gt;
*bthid    keyboard mouse support 
*btserial serial 
*btpan    short range wireless connecting devices 
&lt;/pre&gt;


Only the Pi5 has a RTC real time clock, the other Pis will need to use ntp services [https://github.com/tomaszstaniak/aros-dockbar dockbar has it built in and works automatically when connected to internet] [https://github.com/aros-development-team/AROS/commit/29cd4116330dc7f692d90757eacc59fb3f31ae70 sntp] with time.cloudflare.com pool.ntp.org or Cloudflare 162.159.200.1, 162.159.200.123, 2606:4700:f1::1, 2606:4700:f1::123 or [https://github.com/bohunamiga/PiNTP PiNTP -s goodtime.ijs.si or ntp1.ptb.de] to get the date and time from the internet. Can use date in a shell e.g.  date 24-Dec-2026 23:59:59  but this will need to be done again after every reset/power off. Maybe hardware [https://github.com/aros-development-team/AROS/commit/28674a157bc56175aa668e7b62dca6fa740578dc ds3231 rtc] with dtoverlay=i2c-rtc,ds3231 in config.txt 


It helps to have all usb devices already plugged in before power on to detect at the moment. Even then some usb devices will freeze the mouse cursor and the only resolution is to remove the offending usb device and reinsert. Sometimes, the reinsert leads to the mouse cursor vanishing, it is still there and responds to left mouse clicks, top of the screen and pull down the screen. 

USB classes support from Prefs/Trident is still work in process 
*usbaudio working on usb3 port (blue) on pi4, 400 but not working (no rt isochronous) on usb2otg (white or black) for pi3b, zero 2w 
*[https://aminet.net/package/mus/midi/camd camdusbmidi] detects midi devices without a preferences file (Prefs/Env-Archive/sys/midi.prefs) as [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RBxHkwy4Nrw auto setup now] possibly with [https://github.com/metaneutrons/mt32-pi metaneutrons mt32-pi] [https://github.com/rtzor/mt32-pi mt32-pi fork] [https://github.com/ahmadexp/mt32-pi fork] [https://github.com/gmcn42/mt32-pi-control control of] [https://github.com/dwhinham/mt32-pi mt32-pi pi3+]. Alternative of [https://homspace.nl/samplerbox/ SamplerBox]. 

Will need developer clang gcc tools to look at 64bit ports of [https://archives.arosworld.org/?function=showfile&amp;file=driver/audio/usbmidi.i386-aros.lha usbmidi], [https://aminet.net/package/mus/midi/CAMD_Toolkit CAMD_Toolkit], [https://aminet.net/package/mus/midi/camdtools camdtools], [https://github.com/cnvogelg/amiditools amiditools], [https://github.com/timoinutilis/midi-sequencer-amigaos horny src], [https://aminet.net/package/mus/midi/horny-base horny-base], [http://bnp.hansfaust.de/index.html BnP], [https://arosarchives.os4depot.net/?function=showfile&amp;file=audio/misc/timidity.lha timidity], 


Regarding 680x0 emulation, there are several options that could be considered but most not fully implemented 
*[https://github.com/kaffeine1/kaffeine kaffeine] m68k jit emu with Amiga system OS fɹiendly calls going to Aros ones 
*[https://github.com/aros-development-team/AROS/blob/6722a0ae9e03fe5d26e32703360bd2059e0864cc/rom/m68kemu/README.md?plain=1#L424 m68kemu.library] for some Amiga productivity where the cpu is emulated and the system calls are redirected to Aros ones
*[https://github.com/BlitterStudio/amiberry amiberry] (winuae) for everything else like games 

*[https://github.com/jonx/AROS/tree/aarch64-darwin-graft/arch/all-darwin/libs/emu68k emu68k] 
*[https://scriptedamigaemulator.net/ Scripted Amiga] with [https://github.com/naTmeg/ScriptedAmigaEmulator ScriptedAmigaEmulator] or older [https://github.com/gbraad-amiga/ScriptedAmigaEmulator2 ScriptedAmigaEmulator2] 


[https://pinout.xyz/ GPIO 40 pins] [https://learn.sparkfun.com/tutorials/raspberry-gpio/gpio-pinout pinout] 

Some exceptions:

*Physical pins 27, 28 (GPIO0, 1) are an internal I2C bus and should not be used
*The other I2C on pins 3, 5 (GPIO 2, 3) can be used generally, but be aware they have permanent pull-up resistors to 3.3V
*For MIDI use USB but there are dedicated UART pins 8, 10 (GPIO 14, 15).

With a HAT it's more awkward -- you need to know which pins are used by the HAT and avoid them. Hopefully this will be documented.

Remember all GPIOs are 3.3V (not 5V tolerant), floating/noisy inputs can cause odd behavior, and that shorting the power supplies can cause instant death of the Pi.

In the shell (Cntrl + C to end) 

 GPIO PIN/A/N,SET/N,GET/S,MODE/K,PULL/K

Controls and queries hardware GPIO pins via gpio.resource which is stored in the rom or Devs/ '''please test''' 

*PIN   -- (Required) Target GPIO pin number (e.g. 12).
*SET   -- Set pin output value to 0 (LOW) or 1 (HIGH).
*GET   -- Read and print current digital input level (0 or 1).
*MODE  -- Configure pin mode: IN (Input), OUT (Output), ALT (Alternate).
*PULL  -- Configure pull resistor: NONE, UP, DOWN.

EXAMPLES
&lt;pre&gt;
GPIO 12 MODE OUT
GPIO 12 SET 1
GPIO 12 GET
GPIO 13 PULL UP
&lt;/pre&gt;


[https://gpiozero.readthedocs.io/en/stable/installing.html Current] [https://gpiozero.readthedocs.io/en/v1.2.0/api_boards.html old support for gpiozero is unknown at present] [https://energenie4u.co.uk/res/pdfs/ENER314%20UM.pdf and associated 433MHz equipment] [ USA X10 security and lights via USB] [ OpenHab with Shelly Smart Plug connected over Wi-Fi, controlled by MQTT or HTTP] 


Printing only with Postscript, GutenPrint (in Aros Ports) and [https://github.com/bohunamiga/MintPRINT one] of [https://github.com/boingball/MintPRINT two] [https://github.com/Andiweli/AmiAirPrint/tree/main AirPrint] [https://github.com/aros-development-team/AROS/commit/89f590b72115e468b1dd4d9bfa07c081a178ca59 IPP.device] has been attempted with [https://www.arosworld.org/infusions/forum/viewthread.php?thread_id=2061&amp;pid=13954#post_13954 discussion] 


Youtube 

[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8dZwGkUKAmA Pi3A̟+ (plus) with smp build and PiAROS], 

[], [], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X4fmWAIv7FE Aros native on Pi3b], 

[], [], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TSxlYb1eQWU Installed on Pi3b+], 

[], [], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NFF1H3jCoz8 testing Aros native on Pi400], 

[], [], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nIVx7mh1E1Q&amp;pp=ygUHYXJvcyBwadIHCQkTDAGHKiGM7w%3D%3D Aros on Thumb 2 based 32bit-ish ARM STM32H743 board], 
 

[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zQM4CD64xDE&amp;t=612s&amp;pp=ugUEEgJlbg%3D%3D Performance under Linux] but on Aros... 

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Pi
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Single Core 2D
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Single Core 3D
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Single Core 3D
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |SMP 2D
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |SMP 3D
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |SMP 3D 
! width=&quot;35%&quot; |Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Pi--&gt;Pi3 
| &lt;!--Single Core 2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Single Core 3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Single Core 3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--SMP 2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--SMP 3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--SMP 3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}


==== 32bit ====

For the Pi1 Pi2 Pi2B the status of AROS native ARMv6 for 32bit RasPi was OK. System booting, USB working (although with some issues but plans to fix them). 32bit native [http://www.aros.org/nightly1.html ARMv6 32bit nightlys] raspi-armhf-system raspi-armhf-contrib unbz2'd to fat32 microSD 


===Hosted===


AArch64 CPU backend for AROS, a Cocoa/Metal display, clipboard / host-volume / CoreAudio / BSD-sockets bridges, GPU 2D via gpufx.library, a 68k→AArch64 JIT (run68k), and a full Rust std port. On [https://www.jkn.me/blog/macaros-aros-on-apple-silicon/ latest Apple Silicon Macs] [https://github.com/jonx/Macaros early alpha version of hosted Aros .dmg on MacOS12+]. Please use [https://github.com/jonx/Macaros/issues MACAros github] for issues, features etc and possibly [https://www.arosworld.org/infusions/forum/viewthread.php?thread_id=2030&amp;pid=13910#post_13910 here] with [https://github.com/pomaros pomaros]. There is a [https://www.arosworld.org/infusions/forum/viewthread.php?thread_id=2076&amp;highlight=jonx&amp;pid=14193#post_14193 work in progress native Mac Apple silicon M1 M2 M3 version] 


[http://www.aros.org/snapshots1.html old linux and android hosted 32bit] 


==== Hosted ====

=====64bit=====

[https://www.arosworld.org/infusions/forum/viewthread.php?thread_id=2019&amp;rowstart=80&amp;pid=13667#post_13667 Ubuntu Linux PC hosted Pi compiler build] 

[https://github.com/BlitterStudio/aros-compiler-docker Docker based cross compiler for various Aros systems], 

[https://www.arosworld.org/infusions/forum/viewthread.php?thread_id=2019&amp;rowstart=80 From the Aros Raspberry pi 3 64bit thread] 
Instructions on building 64-bit Raspberry Pi AROS and cross-compiler from sources.

You will need:
- Ubuntu 24.04 or 26.04
- qemu-system-aarch64 installed
- Internet connection
- rpi-scripts.tar.gz downloaded (https://axrt.org/download/aros/rpi/rpi-scripts.tar.gz)

1) Install prerequisites:

sudo apt install git gcc g++ make gawk bison flex bzip2 netpbm autoconf automake libc6-dev liblzo2-dev libpng-dev gcc-multilib byacc python3-mako cmake yasm curl nasm

2) Clone sources

cd &lt;project-directory&gt;
git clone https://github.com/aros-development-team/AROS.git --recurse-submodules

3) Extract rpi-scripts.tar.gz. Copy all files into your project directory so that you have:

AROS (the directory with cloned sources)
fix-dotdot.py
rebuild.sh
recreate-sdcard.sh
run-qemu.sh
update-sdcard.sh

4) Run ./rebuild.sh. Select option 1) toolchain-core-aarch64

This will execute process of building a cross-compiler. During this process packages will be downloaded from Internet. This process can take up to 2 hours. If there are some missing dependencies, install them with 'sudo apt install' and restart this step.

5) Run ./rebuild.sh again. Select option 2) core-raspi-aarch64

This will build system files for 64-bit Raspberry Pi AROS. This process can take around an hour.

6) Run ./recreate-sdcard.sh

This will create an sdcard.img file with contents of previous step.

7) Run ./run-qemu.sh

This will start QEMU with SD card image and ROM images. It will boot into AROS.


=====32bit=====

Ubuntu VM approach to compiling [http://lallafa.de/blog/2013/06/building-aros-hosted-for-raspbian/ Linux hosted AROS June 04, 2013]

 ../AROS/configure --target=linux-armhf  --enable-includes=/usr/arm-linux-gnueabihf/include --x-includes=/usr/arm-linux-gnueabihf/include --x-libraries=/usr/arm-linux-gnueabihf/lib

arm-elf- is symbol-linked to arm-linux-gnueabi- (arm-linux-gnueabi- is more correct in this case, because it's going to be compiling the ARM AROSBootstrap for ARM Linux)

*armel - many of the &quot;android&quot; machines require since the entire OS is made for soft float VFP. 
*armfp - Efika MX target, Raspberry PI, EfikaMX, Pandora and virtually everything (VFP)

Keep in mind it's possible to start hardfp AROS hosted on softfp system, though, as long as no calls between AROS and host require floating point parameters. NOTE: hardfloat objects *cannot* be linked with softfloat objects - they have a different ABI.

Just keep in mind the arm nightly build machine is quite complex beast. It needs the x86_64 host compiler to compile AROS tools. The arm version is built every night using gcc-4.6.2 crosscompiler (built together with AROS) and successfully builds armel and armhf linux hosted targets.

*needs an AROS code compiler for ARM target 
*as well as unix compiler for ARM linux host (would be best to have both softfp and armhf, we have softfp only now) with full set of libraries and includes.

with—disable-crosstools  $AROS_CC  is always a wrapper around $KERNEL_CC  ?  If  so,  this  is  wrong for some ports. This can break Darwin, Windows and Android port. 
Yes,  Android  port  will  build.  And  even  work. But it's not good because  the  port  will  not  be ABI-compatible with other ARM ports. Android's ABI is different from GNUEABI. For example:

&lt;pre&gt;
enum test {foo, bar};
enum test testvar;
&lt;/pre&gt;

sizeof(testvar)  will  be  equal  to sizeof(int) in GNUEABI (Linux and AROS)  and  sizeof(short)  on  Android. This affects linking objects from static linklibs, for example.

Previously everything worked because $AROS_CC was a wrapper on top of $HOST_CC. And a real crosscompiler was used on non-ELF hosts.

Android is the same. $KERNEL_CC is incompatible with AROS.

compiler=kernel  is  appropriate _ONLY FOR CODE WHICH RUNS ON HOST OS_ (or  barebone  hardware,  if  we  talk  about  native).  This includes bootstraps,  their  linklibs, and host-side dynamic libraries (Windows makes extensive use of them because of architectural considerations.

No single AROS object should be compiled with this setting. $KERNEL_CC is really compatible with AROS *ONLY IN LINUX-HOSTED* and no more. On other systems (Darwin, Windows,  Android) this is not true any more, and compiler=kernel is never going to work.

If  you  want  to  compile your AROS module against host OS includes, append  the  following  to  USER_INCLUDES  (or  USER_CFLAGS,  this  is effectively the same):

 -isystem $(GENINCDIR) $(KERNEL_INCLUDES)

$(KERNEL_INCLUDES) expands to:

 -isystem  &lt;your_os_includes&gt;  -isystem  &lt;host_OS_gcc_private_includes&gt;
 -nostdinc

This makes AROS compiler adhering to host OS APIs.

If you want some preprocessor symbols based on what your host OS actually is, add something like -DHOST_OS_$(AROS_HOST_ARCH).

Why is there $(GENINCDIR) at all? Because host OS has its own libc includes, which would conflict with AROS ones. And the host OS libc is not binary-compatible with AROS one.

Why doesn't Windows-hosted port use $(KERNEL_INCLUDES) ? Because WinAPI includes conflict with AROS ones in fundamental typedefs, like WORD, BYTE and BOOL. It's almost impossible to deal with this in any other way than rewriting WinAPI definitions using AROS types.

Building under centos 6.3 (i386) currently, and AROS creates the toolchain itself. haven't yet committed the necessary changes but &quot;./configure --target=raspi-armhf&quot; is enough to start, then &quot;make arosboot-raspi&quot; will generate arosraspi.img (containing the bootstrap, kernel.resource, and exec.library) as well as arosraspi.rom (containing all the other essentials components such as dos, graphics etc).  It will also copy over a config.txt file to make the raspi bootstrap code load the correct kernel, and a cmdline.txt that enables exec debug output.

*armel = typically Debian 6, Ubuntu Maverick, Android, 
*armhf = typically Debian 7, Debian 8, Ubuntu Precise,

Cross-compiling Ubuntu ARM softfp 
&lt;pre&gt;
    sudo sh
    echo 'foreign-architecture armel' &gt;&gt;/etc/dpkg/dpkg.cfg.d/multiarch
    echo 'deb [arch=armel] http://ports.ubuntu.com/ precise main universe' &gt;/etc/apt/sources.list.d/armel.list
    apt-get update
    apt-get install gcc-arm-linux-gnueabi libx11-dev:armel libsdl-dev:armel
&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;pre&gt;
 ./configure --target=linux-arm --x-includes=/usr/include \
             --enable-includes=/usr/arm-linux-gnueabi/include
&lt;/pre&gt;

Cross-compiling Ubuntu ARM hard-float 
&lt;pre&gt;
    sudo sh
    echo 'foreign-architecture armhf' &gt;&gt;/etc/dpkg/dpkg.cfg.d/multiarch
    echo 'deb [arch=armhf] http://ports.ubuntu.com/ precise main universe' &gt;/etc/apt/sources.list.d/armhf.list
    apt-get update
    apt-get install gcc-arm-linux-gnueabihf libx11-dev:armhf libsdl-dev:armhf
&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;pre&gt;
    ./configure --target=linux-armhf --x-includes=/usr/include \
                --enable-includes=/usr/arm-linux-gnueabihf/include
&lt;/pre&gt;

Now, the AROS build is configured properly and all you need to do is:

 make


==Build==

===64bit===

[https://github.com/aros-development-team/AROS/blob/7016ce28bfdb754182edb16011c98faaf5413c29/arch/aarch64-raspi/boot/mmakefile.src#L180 boot makefile] 


===32bit===


# download/checkout the source someplace, e.g. /build/AROS-Src/
# make a directory to store external sources AROS downloads, e.g. /build/Ports
# make a build directory, e.g. /build/aros-raspi-armhf
# cd into the build dir, configure, and then run make -:

&lt;pre&gt;
&gt;cd /build/aros-raspi-armhf
&gt;/build/AROS-Src/configure --target=raspberrypi-armhf --with-serial-debug --enable-ccache --with-portssources=/build/Ports
&gt;make
&gt;make arosboot-raspi
&lt;/pre&gt;

then copy the files from /build/aros-raspi-armhf/bin/raspi-armhf/AROS/ onto an sdcard, and download/copy the Raspi firmware files onto it.

You should then be able to boot the sdcard on your RasPi.

The current W.I.P tree to svn. it can be built as follows ..
&lt;pre&gt;
./configure --target=raspi-armhf
make arosboot-raspi
&lt;/pre&gt;

That will generate arosraspi.img, arosraspi.rom and config.txt in bin/raspi-arm/AROS - so either copy just those files to a fat formatted SD card (with the firmware files on), or copy the whole contents of the AROS folder.

NB - if you have a Linux/other install, backup the existing config.txt first

arosraspi.img contains the bootstrap (which has very basic mailbox code, framebuffer/gpio init, and console &quot;emulation&quot; via code pinched from our libbootconsole), kernel.resource, and exec.library

arosraspi.rom contains all the other components needed to boot AROS.

The config.txt file will tell the RasPI bootstrap to load the arosraspi kernel and ramdisk (rom).

the bootstrap has minimal mailbox code, planning on adding either a resource or library that driver/app code will use to access it (likewise for GPIO)


Help building AROS hosted on Linux ARM

Was looking a way to use more my Handheld ARM based called Pyra (Dragonbox Pyra) an ARM (Omap5 cpu with 4GB ram) linux based machine (Debian Buster v10 with kernel 5.6.19 adapted) and have a try to compile the latest Aros sources by Deadwood directly on this device.
Compilation stops after build libpopupmenu.a and trying to build libatomic have this error:

&lt;pre&gt;
    Configuring build in bin/linux-arm/gen/host/tools/crosstools/gnu/gcc/arm-aros/libatomic
    configure: WARNING: unrecognized options: --disable-nls, --without-x
    checking for --enable-version-specific-runtime-libs... no
    checking for --enable-generated-files-in-srcdir... no
    checking build system type... arm-unknown-linux-gnu
    checking host system type... arm-unknown-aros
    checking target system type... arm-unknown-aros
    checking for a BSD-compatible install... /usr/bin/install -c
    checking whether build environment is sane... yes
    checking for arm-aros-strip... /media/farox/pyra2/arosbuilds/toolchain-core-armhf/arm-aros-strip
    checking for a thread-safe mkdir -p... /usr/bin/mkdir -p
    checking for gawk... no
    checking for mawk... mawk
    checking whether make sets $(MAKE)... yes
    checking whether make supports nested variables... yes
    checking for arm-aros-gcc... /media/farox/pyra2/arosbuilds/toolchain-core-armhf/arm-aros-gcc
    checking whether the C compiler works... no
    configure: error: in /media/farox/pyra2/arosbuilds/toolchain-core-armhf-build/bin/linux-arm/gen/host/tools/crosstools/gnu/gcc/arm-aros/libatomic':
    configure: error: C compiler cannot create executables
    See config.log' for more details
    make[2]: *** [mmakefile:4489: /media/farox/pyra2/arosbuilds/toolchain-core-armhf-build/bin/linux-arm/gen/host/tools/crosstools/gnu/gcc/arm-aros/libatomic/.configured] Error 77
    [MMAKE] make --no-print-directory TOP=/media/farox/pyra2/arosbuilds/toolchain-core-armhf-build SRCDIR=/media/farox/pyra2/arosbuilds/AROS CURDIR=tools/crosstools/gnu TARGET=tools-crosstools-gcc-libatomic-configure -s --file=mmakefile tools-crosstools-gcc-libatomic-configure failed: 512
    [MMAKE] Error: Error while running make in tools/crosstools/gnu: No such file or directory
    make[1]: *** [Makefile:361: linklibs-libatomic] Error 10
    make: *** [Makefile:183: crosstools] Error 2
&lt;/pre&gt;


looking at config.log on arosbuilds/toolchain-core-armhf-build/bin/linux-arm/gen/host/tools/crosstools/gnu/gcc/arm-aros/libatomic

found that arosbuilds/toolchain-core-armhf/arm-aros-ld: cannot find -laeabi
so do make linklibs-aeabi-arm-quick
and the missing lib was built.

now the next stop is at
fatal error: bits/libc-header-start.h: No such file or directory
and
fatal error: sys/cdefs.h: No such file or directory
in many places so after checking that have this missing include files i have noted that my include path is a bit different, standard searching path is /usr/arm-linux-gnueabihf but in my system is /usr/include/arm-linux-gnueabihf
so if i add my path to some mmakefiles compilation goes on....but is a better way to add this path to avoid every mmakefiles to be changed?

fixed with adding
-I/usr/include/arm-linux-gnueabihf
to where is missing on mmakefiles like
USER_INCLUDES := -isystem $(GENINCDIR) -I/usr/include/arm-linux-gnueabihf $(KERNEL_INCLUDES)

P.s. I have changed many mmakefiles and have at least compiled (after many hours) the toolchain doing make every time in arosbuilds/toolchain-core-armhf-build (also have to disable making tests under cplusplus but don't remember the directory ...) but ask an help to have an automated way to correctly build without modify mmakefiles.


Last time built armhf target was around 2 years ago. At that point built is via cross-compilation from linux (ubuntu 22.04) using linux armhf crosscompiler (this can explain the path differences you are experiencing) as well as using AROS gcc cross-compiler in version 6.5.0 (build with option 21) in rebuild.sh). Since then AROS GCC has been updated to 10.5.0 and don't believe anyone tried to build the armhf target again.

My suggestion would be to downgrade GCC to 6.5.0 (via editing AROS/config/gcc_def file) and try to first build using cross-compilation from x86_64 linux. Once that works, you will have a &quot;template&quot; to compare to native compilation under arm linux.


Thanks for your suggestion...but think the toolchain with GCC 10.5.0 is compilable if i found a way to pass the path of my system to the script that build (option 21 on rebuild).
The other only changes are (but don't know where to modify...) is to add the build of libaeabi and disable the building of some tests under cplusplus that use exceptions and is not supported under ARM. try to crosscompile with my Linux amd64 PC.

For paths look into core-linux-armhf/bin/linux-armhf/gen/config/target.cfg. A number of build-wide variable is set there containing paths to local build system. These variables and the target.cfg file are generated by AROS ./configure script.

Thanks compilation now go forward...changed target.cfg under &quot;toolchain-core-armhf-build/bin/linux-arm/gen/config&quot; and do make on &quot;toolchain-core-armhf-build&quot; dir.

Need to find where to enable build libaeabi.a so can build the entire toolchain with option 21 of rebuild.sh


Found something that looks like libeabi in AROS/arm-all/arm-aeabi/mmakefile.src. Try adding a third line there:

#MM- linklibs-armhd : libklibs-aeabi-arm

Don't remember needing this library. Possibly the 6.5.0 GCC somehow does this while 10.5.0 is missing this.

Try adding this line (and the variant &quot;linklibs-armhf&quot; instead of hd) but it did not solve the automatic building of the missing lib. I must do &quot;linklibs-aeabi-arm-quick&quot;.
Anyway after have build the aeabi lib i succefully built the toolchain (after many hours...). Smile

To test I restarted from selecting option 21 (on rebuild.sh) but after many hours i get the same error of the kernel includes not found...maybe i need to modify the configure script for my case.

With the toolchain built i try to build the core-linux-armhf (DEBUG) (option 22) but after a while it stopped with
&quot;cannot find -laeabi &quot; so i made it built manually...and now i can continue compiling...i'll let you know if all goes ok.


== Hardware ==

===64bit===


====BCM2712====

With the Pi5 

Broadcom VideoCore 7 vc7 is an integrated GPU with 12 cores and up to 800 MHz clock. VideoCore VII is capable of OpenGL ES 3.1 and Vulkan 1.2. The driver support for the Raspberry Pi continues to build upon the [https://lore.kernel.org/dri-devel/20230928114532.167854-1-itoral@igalia.com/ open-source V3D driver] stack within [https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/mesa/mesa/-/merge_requests/25450 Mesa] hopefully be merged for Mesa 23.3. x265 HEVC accelerated untested, x264/h.264 and VP9 cpu only. 

*Raspberry Pi M.2 HAT+ Expansion Board 
*Geekworm X1001 PCIe to M.2 Key-M NVMe
*Geekworm X1003 PCIe to M.2 HAT NVMe SSD PIP Board for Raspberry Pi 5 
*Pineboards Pi Hut HatDrive! M.2 HAT 2024/V4 
*Hat+ Gen2 Gen3 Nvme
*GeeekPi 52Pi N04 for Raspberry Pi 5 NVME M.2
*


*2024 RPI AI HAT    - Hailo  20TOPs  no LLMs 
*2026 RPI AI HAT+ 2 - Hailo  40TOPs  slightly better? 


[https://www.raspberrypi.com/documentation/accessories/camera.html Cameras for Pi]
*Raspberry Pi camera module, the V3 with Sony IMX708 back-illuminated CMOS 12 Megapixel sensor
*Raspberry Pi Camera Module V2 – 8MP Sony IMX219 Sensor
*Raspberry Pi camera Rev 1.3, 5MP 1080P OV5647 image/video module, 2592 x 1944 pixels

H.265 / HEVC decoder is a HEVCv2 Main 4:4:4 10 design supporting bitstreams up to profile 5.1
HEVC hardware decode supports 4kp60, 10-bit. Audio output is pretty much unchanged, but the HDMI audio channels now support 8x192kHz bitrates 


====BCM2711====

With the Pi4 an ARM a72 cpu is about x3 times the size of an a53 in the Pi3 

the 2711b line used more power when idle, compared to the 2711c 

*2018 Raspberry Pi PoE HAT Power Over Ethernet Hat - design issues 
*2020 Raspberry Pi PoE+ HAT Power Over Ethernet Hat Pi3b+ Pi4 only - better design 
*Waveshare PoE HAT (B) with cooling fan for Raspberry Pi 3B+/4B 802.3af PoE 

*[https://github.com/axizo-pi/V3DLib vc6 V3D 4.2] is derived from [https://docs.broadcom.com/doc/12358545 vc4], but it is [https://docs.mesa3d.org/drivers/v3d.html significantly different] 
The QPU pipeline stays mostly the same, you still have an add ALU and a multiply ALU and it can issue two ALU OPs per cycle. There is still 4 SIMD lanes, interleaved over 4 cycles.
The instruction encoding for the QPUs is different, but the core instructions are the same.

Instructions for packed 8 bit int math has been dropped, along with most of the pack modes.
Instructions for packed 16bit float math has been added (2 floats at in a single operation)
With vc5/vc6, you write two packed 16f value to the tilebuffer (or four writes of 32f, if you are using the rgba32f framebuffer). And there is a handy vfpack operation which allows you to pack two f32s into a single 32bit value in a single instruction. You can vfpack directly into the tile buffer register.

the multiply ALU can now fadd, so you can issue two fadds per instruction. the add ALU has gained a bunch of new instructions 

the A and B register files have been merged. You still only get an A read and a B read per instruction, but they read from one big register file (which means the underlying memory block has gone from two sets of &quot;one read port, one write port&quot; to one &quot;two read ports, one write port&quot; block)

The theoretical max FLOPs per QPU remains the same at two per cycle, other than the bump from 400mhz to 500mhx but it looks like a lot of effort has been put putting those theoretical FLOPs to better use. 
*vc4 could run one or two threads per QPU. When you ran in two thread mode, the available register file halfed to 32 registers.
*vc5 added a four thread per QPU mode, with 16 registers per thread.
*vc6 doubled the size of the register file. You could now use all 64 threads in two thread mode and 32 registers in for thread mode. Single thread mode was removed, you always have at least two threads.

With the threading improvements, the QPUs should spent much less time idle waiting NOPs for memory requests. Most of the design changes have gone to improving the fixed function hardware around the QPUs. A fixed function blend unit has been added, which should reduce load on the QPUs when doing alpha blending. hope software blending is still possible 

The tile buffer can now store upto 4 render targets (up to 128bits per pixel, so if you are using 4 32bit render targets, you can't have a depth buffer)

A MMU, allowing a much simpler/faster kernel driver.

Many more texture formats, framebuffer formats.

h264/x264 [https://github.com/aros-development-team/AROS/commit/caecd66a9508acb0e9ef0a07169a14c33007b208 VideoCore hardware decoding through VCHIQ/MMAL (Pi 1–4)], 
H.265 / HEVC decoder is a HEVCv2 Main 4:4:4 10 design supporting bitstreams up to profile 5.1
HEVC hardware decode supports 4kp60, 10-bit. Audio output is pretty much unchanged, but the HDMI audio channels now support 8x192kHz bitrates 


All the features needed for opengl es 3.0 

Each ALU typically have 2 floating point operators, and as you pointed out in a earlier post videocore 6 is no exception, with both a multiply and additive floating point operator. Thus theoretical GFLOPs are calculated with both operators in mind. That is what the 2 in my formula represents, and is common across any modern programmable shader, whether you calculate Nvidia, AMD, Intel, Boardcom or any other company's GPUs. Total ALUs * 2 * GHz clock = GFLOPs, In the case of Raspberry Pi 3, it's 24 ALUs * 2 operators * 0.4GHz = 19.2GFLOPs
If the Videocore 6 does indeed only have 16 ALUs (16 * 2 * 0.5GHz), you'd have only 16GFLOPs but they are better utilised 

Possible maximum performance 
&lt;pre&gt;
VideoCore IV @ 250MHz: 250 [MHz] x 3 [slice] x 4 [qpu/slice] x 4 [processor] x 2 [op/clock] = 24 Gflop/s
VideoCore IV @ 300MHz: 300 [MHz] x 3 [slice] x 4 [qpu/slice] x 4 [processor] x 2 [op/clock] = 28.8 Gflop/s
VideoCore VI @ 500MHz: 500 [MHz] x 2 [slice] x 4 [qpu/slice] x 4 [processor] x 2 [op/clock] = 32 Gflop/s
&lt;/pre&gt;

Faster LPDDR4 memory.


====BCM2837==== 

With the Pi3 
* Broadcom BCM43438 chip provides 2.4&amp;nbsp;GHz 802.11n wireless LAN, Bluetooth Low Energy, and Bluetooth 4.1 Classic radio support, 3B+ [https://github.com/aros-development-team/AROS/commit/afa5bc0bb17d5dd06bcfdbac00853a3799ca8d76 LAN7515] 

The overclock ability has diminished with each chip version as the energy usage has increased. BCM2837 is one of the warmest yet and benefits from active fan cooling if all four cpu cores are in use for a short while. Video playback maybe affected due to the lack of custom support in the GPU with Aros. 5 V / 2.4 or 2.5 amp power supply recommended if all four cpu cores are running, else throttling (cpu slowdown) might occur. 

[https://github.com/hermanhermitage/videocoreiv/wiki/VideoCore-IV-Programmers-Manual Dual VDP] and scalable QPU in [https://docs.mesa3d.org/drivers/vc4.html VC4] and x.264/h.264 accelerated untested only and VP9 on cpu or neon help 


ARMv8-A has [https://developer.arm.com/documentation/102412/0100/Privilege-and-Exception-levels privilege levels] where userspace typically runs at ‘EL0’, the kernel at ‘EL1’ or ‘EL2’ and the firmware at the highest level ‘EL3’. 


===32bit===

=== Core Kernel ===


====BCM2708(family)====
which includes the [http://elinux.org/RPi_Hardware BCM2835] (ARM1176JZF-S 700&amp;nbsp;MHz CPU + VideoCore IV GPU + up to 1GB RAM)

*Framebuffer (fb) using mailbox 
*IRQ scheduler, etc 
*Arasan based SD Card controller 
*Synopsis DesignWare USB 2.0 OTG controller [http://networkdirection.net/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=106:rasperry-pi-usb-controller&amp;catid=45:raspberry-pi&amp;Itemid=54 Unofficial DOCS pdf],  [dwc_otg.c FreeBSD], [], [https://www.riscosopen.org/viewer/view/mixed/RiscOS/Sources/HWSupport/USB/Controllers/DWCDriver/ RiscOS USB Driver], [https://www.riscosopen.org/forum/forums/5/topics/878 RiscOS USB Discussion], [https://www.riscosopen.org/forum/forums/11/topics/1893 Other USB RiscOS], [http://plan9.bell-labs.com/plan9/index.html Plan9 Miller's usb] http://plan9.bell-labs.com/sources/contrib/miller/, [https://github.com/Chadderz121/csud CSUD driver], 
*[http://www.smsc.com/media/Downloads_Public/Data_Sheets/9512.pdf SMSC 9512] USB LAN/Hub chip 
*CMOS RAM 
*VCHIQ port which sends messages to the GPU e.g. for mouse, keyboard, audio on HDMI, etc 
*Audio Driver 
*Serial Peripheral Interface Bus (SPI) 
*[http://www.susa.net/wordpress/2012/06/raspberry-pi-pcf8563-real-time-clock-rtc/ I2C registers]
*I2S 
*Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter (UART) 
*[http://elinux.org/RPi_BCM2835_GPIOs GPIOs] and [http://www.adafruit.com/blog/2012/08/17/broadcom-bcm2835-peripheral-memory-map-and-gpio-alternate-use-chart-piday-raspberrypi-raspberry_pi/ Alternative view of GPIO]

BCM2836 
* For Pi B+, PI 2 and Pi 3 SMSC LAN9514 chip adding 10/100 Ethernet connectivity and four USB channels to the board

*[http://www.andrewscheller.co.uk/rpi_pcb_modules.html PCB], [http://elinux.org/RPi_Low-level_peripherals Low level features],


 Implemented so far... 

# Modify the configure system so that it correctly builds for the arm hardware float raspi target.
# Implemented the bootstrap to load the aros modules and prepare the arm to jump into them. Reworked the x86 console support so that parts can be stolen for raspi to use since t has no basic functionality to output to the display.
# Implemented a kernel.resource to prepare the raspi for running aros and provide the low level api calls to expose available resources and allow exec, etc function.
# Implemented serial debug support
# Implemented the exec (and kernel) functionality required to make multitasking work (and interrupts, exceptions, syscalls, etc)
# Implemented a timer.device to utilise the hardware timers.
# Implemented a very basic gfx driver to expose the hardware's framebuffer.
# Implemented an SD-Card driver for AROS which presently only supports the raspi's chipset but can easily be modified to support all sd-card hardware and media.
# Fixed the fat filesystem support in AROS so that it can boot on RasPi's normal SD-Card setup. The &quot;rom&quot; image files needed use a different filename than the default linux, etc images so can be easily installed without harming the existing files - you only need to change the loaded images in the config file to get aros to boot.
# Updated the build scripts to automatically download the necessary raspi firmware files and wrap it all up so that you can simply extract the archive to a fat formatted sdcard and boot it on the raspi without having to get anything else.
# fix everything in contrib and ports to build for raspi (needs proper testing/fixes but allows every component to actually compile at least, including owb) + numerous other fixes to get things working on arm/raspi ..


Improvements...

# Implement a USB chipset driver &quot;OR&quot; finish the existing one [https://github.com/aros-development-team/AROS/commit/c07d13c724f944674be5db54fc6a71ee72a01809 usb otg] - the current code is mostly a skeleton that should initialise the chipset and then needs relevant code to support the different transfer types. It also has the &quot;virtual&quot; hub code in place to represent the raspi's USB port (from poseidons p.o.v) 
# Implement a driver for the USB NIC (a few weeks - depends on USB above) 
# Write an [https://github.com/aros-development-team/AROS/commit/d55d0f74d20b769bbb8c8d386e5c1d7a9154f05a audio driver] (a few weeks - independent of USB) and [https://github.com/aros-development-team/AROS/commit/e93a4c245f27a87c9c4c1d39206694b39059998a HDMI]
# fix syscall bug in the current raspi kernel code
# Graphics depend on having a decent &quot;bcmdma.resource&quot; implemented as to use the cpu's dma engine. The sd card driver needs to use it for transfers to/from the controller - and the gfx system needs to use it for &quot;blitting&quot;. 
# [https://github.com/aros-development-team/AROS/commit/4019d84e4975d4dad987a12d57fe108f5ac048e6 Improve the gfx driver], [ vc4gfx HIDD] add [http://dri.freedesktop.org/wiki/VC4/ Gallium3D support] 
# [https://github.com/aros-development-team/AROS/commit/b13905b3e8e45b089f520b44692c81affddd066f Improve] the [https://github.com/aros-development-team/AROS/commit/3a876755c070f5c73c4f53c7f4d35b4f923088b9 sdcard] device driver  - which is also pretty basic but should work with most cards, rework it to also support pci, etc. sd card interfaces on x86 
# The current code using very rudimentary access to the gpio interface - so that should be implemented as some resource for other components to access, as-well as the i2c interface exposed over the gpio interface. that should have a hidd class implemented which uses the gpio resource to communicate.


 Boot up typical for most other OSs before the open sourcing of many binary blobs from 2017 onwards 

On power-up, the rpi [http://www.open.com.au/mikem/bcm2835/ BCM 2835] [https://github.com/hermanhermitage/videocoreiv VideoCore4] GPU, not the ARM CPU, is in control, and the SD card slot is the only peripheral device with power. The firmware burned into the BCM2835's VideoCoreIV GPU PROM requires a DOS-style partition table; a FAT-formatted first partition; and the freely redistributable but closed sourced Broadcom files “bootcode.bin” and “start.elf” in that partition.

The boot sequence carries out several pre-boot tasks

*On powering of the rpi, the GPU reads and executes bootcode.bin, which then loads start.elf 
*The GPU loads the “start.elf” file, eventually, into the L2 cache and then executes it
*configures the memory split for the CPU and GPU
*reads and parses “config.txt” from the same partition on the SD card and applies the settings (like a PC’s BIOS settings)
*loads the “kernel.img” file, again from the same partition
*activates the CPU to begin executing the loaded kernel image

The CPU/GPU memory split is hard-coded into start.elf, so Broadcom provides three start.elf images, to give 32M, 64M, or 128M to the GPU for multimedia performance, and the remainder to the CPU.

RPi uses [https://github.com/raspberrypi/firmware some closed source loaders] and at some point it loads a binary blob named &quot;kernel.img&quot; at 0x8000, at that point there would be a rudimentary Aros alive. If one wants to use the SD-card then there would have to be a driver for the interface and a fat filesystem handler (SD-card has to be formatted to fat filesystem)

Boot code and kernel are now linked together and made into that binary blob, just for starters. Raspberry Pi uses [http://kernelnomicon.org/?p=133 u-boot] and [http://kernelnomicon.org/?p=138 UBoot] as bootloader, there's already some code in the Efika MX port for that. UBoot is a native bootloader and not just for the raspberry pi, it loads after start.elf.

You can find Efika MX port from arch implementations, some hacking is needed for the mmakefile.src'es as iit dates back to before the Aros crosstool era or else you get some weird errors while building. You also need to code the bootstrap and serial handling.

At the moment it seems that a fastest route for the native build would be to make one binary blob without using the package system. Raspberry's memory layout is pretty simple and if the implemented u-boot doesn't support loading other modules 

&lt;pre&gt;
?          - alias for 'help'
mtest      - simple RAM test
autoscr    - run script from memory
base       - print or set address offset
bbm        - BBM sub-system
bdinfo     - print Board Info structure
boot       - boot default, i.e., run 'bootcmd'
bootd      - boot default, i.e., run 'bootcmd'
bootm      - boot application image from memory
bootp      - boot image via network using BootP/TFTP protocol
cmp        - memory compare
coninfo    - print console devices and information
cp         - memory copy
crc32      - checksum calculation
echo       - echo args to console
fatinfo    - print information about filesystem
fatload    - load binary file from a dos filesystem
fatls      - list files in a directory (default /)
go         - start application at address 'addr'
help       - print online help
iminfo     - print header information for application image
itest      - return true/false on integer compare
jade       -
loadb      - load binary file over serial line (kermit mode)
loads      - load S-Record file over serial line
loady      - load binary file over serial line (ymodem mode)
loop       - infinite loop on address range
md         - memory display
mm         - memory modify (auto-incrementing)
mtest      - simple RAM test
mw         - memory write (fill)
nfs        - boot image via network using NFS protocol
nm         - memory modify (constant address)
pci        - list and access PCI Configuration Space
ping       - send ICMP ECHO_REQUEST to network host
printenv   - print environment variables
rarpboot   - boot image via network using RARP/TFTP protocol
reset      - Perform RESET of the CPU
run        - run commands in an environment variable
saveenv    - save environment variables to persistent storage
saves      - save S-Record file over serial line
setenv     - set environment variables
sleep      - delay execution for some time
tftpboot   - boot image via network using TFTP protocol
USB        - USB sub-system
usbboot    - boot from USB device
version    - print monitor version
&lt;/pre&gt;


And there is one more thing about modular ports. In order to actually implement this, your bootstrapping environment should provide the ability to load several files. On PC this is provided by GRUB2. on CHRP you can read filesystem via OpenFirmware, and Sam's Parthenope relies on modified u-boot. If your bootstrap allows to load only a single file, then you stuck with monolithic kickstart. By the way...  u-boot allows not only to boot up a single uImage or zImage, it also allows to write client programs AFAIK. With this approach, you actually can write modular bootstrap for ARM AROS using unmodified u-boot.

Most used [http://www.compulab.co.il/workspace/mediawiki/index.php5/U-Boot_quick_reference uboot options] are fatls usb 0:1,

the reason behind INTB_KERNEL is to allow use of the standard Exec function AddIntServer() to add interrupt handlers for
hardware drivers etc. AmigaOS never used it for abstract hardware drivers. AmigaOS  routed  only  raw  hardware IRQs there. Their assignment was hardcoded. As well as number of them. Actually on AmigaOS every bus has its own interrupt subsystem. For example PCI bus. PCI interrupts on Amiga are routed to a single exec interrupt.  1:1 relationship between CPU  and hardware interrupts is present only on PC.

IMHO we miss things like AddInterrupt/RemInterrupt methods on our PCI subsystem's device class.  PCI bus class should map these methods to whatever is appropriate. This is how it is done on AmigaOS and friends. When these are implemented, raw kernel.resource API will be needed only for several PC-specific drivers with hardwired resources. Exec IRQs are real IRQs only on Amiga hardware. On other machines they can be emulated where appropriate (VBlank is a good example). kernel.resource is meant  to be different, its IRQs are hardware-agnostic, they are plain &quot;Hardware IRQ number X, whatever this means&quot;. They are low-level actually, and meaningful only in the context of a particular system.

Was that not the transition from irq.hidd to kernel.resource? No.  A long time ago there was another hacky bit named INTB_TIMERTICK. It was &quot;abstract timer interrupt&quot;, used by timer.device. It was the same as VBlank, but with larger frequency. I removed it, because kernel.resource API was a cleaner way to access this interrupt. Furthermore, there can be more than one timer in the system. Thinking about bringing back timer HIDD definitions again. hpet.resource is a bad idea.

Can someone please enlighten me a little on how the scheduler is meant to work?
 
Poseidon.library creates its &quot;Poseidon Event Task&quot; during RTF_COLDSTART -&gt; then calls Wait(), and ends up in limbo because wait disables interrupts (used for the scheduler heartbeat), and basically waits forever because the sigbit is never set, since krnSwitch doesn't switch the task unless TF_SWITCH is set, and no codepath run during this seems to set it?? TF_SWITCH does not disable/enable switching. This flag just enables to run user-supplied hook when the task is being switched away. It is completely safe to call Wait() in Disable()d state. Doing this actually temporarily breaks this state. IDNestCnt gets remembered in struct Task, then next task is selected, and its IDNestCnt is restored in sysbase (see kernel_scheduler.c). If there are no other tasks, then your cpu_Dispatch() should enable interrupts on the CPU and enter idle mode. See x86 implementation for good example.

You miss what happens next...
 1. KrnSwitch() saves context of your task, saves IDNestCnt (core_Switch() and cpu_Switch()), then drops into cpu_Dispatch().
 2. cpu_Dispatch() calls core_Dispatch. Then two cases are possible:
 2a. There is a READY task. It is picked up, its IDNestCnt is restored in SysBase, then cpu_Dispatch() needs to restore registers and exit. The next task is run.
 2b. There are no READY tasks. core_Dispatch() returns NULL. In this case your cpu_Dispatch() should enter idle loop. It should just enable interrupts on the CPU and put it on halt. This allows it to process hardware interrupts. Eventually some of your interrupt handlers wakes up your task and puts it into READY list.

My heartbeat interrupt has been slowed atm to help debugging - but it never actually gets a chance to fire because of the Wait() disabling interrupts. Perhaps you have forgotten to enable interrupts in your idle loop.

There is a change in the format of AROS executables. Until now we were using Elf RELocable files which are usually used as intermediate object files. We had them for various reasons, one of them was how AROS files were built in the past. That days we had no real aros cross compiler and the option to embed relocation data in unix executables (or in executable files in general) was rather new and not every linux/unix system had it. Therefore we have decided to use intermediate files. Although it was somehow working (and it is still working :-)), it has some drawbacks. Therefore decided to introduce real Elf EXEC types, in first turn implemented on ARM target with option to expand in future to all other AROS architectures.

The first patch was pretty easy and appeared to work somehow. It generated nice executables with embedded relocation info. Not only that, it also removed all global symbols adjusting relocation data to be relative to the beginning of the sections. That move reduced number of symbols in each executable significantly (depending on the file between 20 and 80% of all symbols could be removed). The only symbols that stayed in the file are local ones - due to the nature of the patch wasn't able to remove them since we have not seen them in the symbol hash table.

The patch didn't worked though. The files were relocated, AROS kernel loaded, but it crashed very early. What happened? Well, the nature of ARM relocations happened :)

Most of the relocation data on all machines is rather simple. Relocation can be absolute or pc-relative, sometimes the offset has to be bit shifted. On ARM v7 there is another one. There, when one wants to load an address of function/variable into register a combination of two instructions can be used: movw and movt. The first one loads immediate into lower 16 bits of a register while clearing upper 16 bits. The second one loads immediate into upper 16 bits without touching lower halfword. Loading of a pointer into a register looks like this:

        movw r0, #:lower16:label

        movt   r0, #:upper16:label

In this case there are two relocations - one for lower halfword and another for upper. If an overflow of lower 16 bits occurs during relocation process, the upper one should be updated as well. Unfortunately with current patch and with typical ARM executables there is not enough information to perform the calculations.

There are two options - the first one would be to give up and go back to &quot;fake&quot; executables, another one would be to change from REL to RELA relocation info. The latter contains an addend, extra data which can be used to perform all the relocation calculations I need.

Decided for the second option. The patch is already in the works. There is another function for the binutils' bfd backend to perform the final relocation. There can decide what to do with every reloc info, modify data and eventually strip some symbols. An advantage is - at this stage of the linking process have also full access to all local symbols so can change all relocations section relative and eventually strip all symbols from the files. 


 GPU 

VCore developed by Alphamosaic Ltd and now owned by Broadcom. Most of start.elf runs on the GPU.   Placing ALL the userland GPU code in the videocore.hidd isn't going to be a terribly big problem because the code they published is nothing more than a shim that sends data straight to the GPU to execute.

The good news about this is that we only need to write our HIDD using the OpenVG API.   The shim is relatively small codewise and lives in the ARM memory (the actual OpenVG code itself lives in the GPU RAM area and its loaded from start.elf).   That's also the bad news.  Our driver has to translate AROS video calls to OpenVG calls, for most tasks it should be easy, for some, not so much.  It's still probably less difficult and less work, than controlling the GPU directly.

The other good news is that anything done through OpenVG happens on the GPU, its truly accelerated.   It also has some nice font functions, meaning we can lead into an accelerated text mode later.

Basically, AROS resets or locks up when it tries to use AROS_ATOMIC_INC or DEC.  If I comment out the byte/word operations in the header files and use non-atomic operations, the code works as expected.
 
have read that the L1 cache needs to be enabled to use LDREX and co (which I also read is only meant to be used on multi processor systems with shared memory) - however I am certain this is correctly enabled.

If you are using LREX or STREX, you should have L1 cache enabled, at least on the ARM CPU I work with at work.

L1 cache is enabled by enabling the MMU *AND* setting the C and I bits in the CPU - the C bit is ignored, and the I bit only covers the 16 byte instruction pipeline if the MMU is not enabled.

Can you verify that your assembly is generating LDREX/STREX? From the behavior, it almost sounds like its generating the default Semaphore locked atomics.
 Impossible. There are no semaphore-locked atomics. There are Disable()/Enable()-based ones instead. And there's a special #define AROS_NO_ATOMIC_OPERATIONS in this case, which tweaks Disable()/Enable() implementations not to recurse forever.
 I have tested this on ARMv5 which does not have ldrex/strex, it works fine. On those ARMs there's no way to have real atomics. On other OSes (like Linux) this is done by introducing things like atomic_t, which appears to be a complex structure, holding the value together with accompanying spinlock (implemented using swp).

    #warning &quot;TODO: lookup optimal mmu table settings for raspi memory&quot;
        /* Set up an identity-mapping for all 4GB */
        for(x = 0; x &lt; 4096; x ++)
        {
            pagetable[x] = x&lt;&lt;20 | (0x40002|0x80000|0x010000|0x00C00|0x04);
        }

Shouldn't there be a second loop that sets the 'C' bit in the descriptor for the RAM pages?

Currently, you have TEX=0, C=0, B=1 for all pages (Shared Device).

You should have TEX=0, C=1, B=0 for RAM (Write-Through, Cached)

    So ..
     
     pagetable[x] = x&lt;&lt;20 | 2;

     
    should be enough?

No, for RAM you need to change the '| 0x40' to '| 0x80'

tell dosboot the correct defaults to use

Please don't do this. This bootconfig.c is a deprecated legacy thing. I wanted it to go away completely with time. Instead,  display  drivers  should auto-install themselves during own initialization phase. I. e. detect hardware=&gt;instantiate itself. This   should   make  things way simpler. With this approach you only need  to add the driver into KS image to get the device autobooted. No hardcoded stuff. 
Currently  VESA  and  VGA drivers do this, look there for examples. never rewrote ATI driver because i don't have any test system for it.

they defined a smaller AROSCPUContext than the ExceptionContext - yet reference it as ExceptionContext in other places, and since it hasn't allocated enough storage for ExceptionContext, are corrupting memory/the structure (since the elements that are there don't map 1 to 1 with the exception context).

AFAIK, AROS has been moving in a different direction to this in recent years. It is the job of graphics HIDDs to allocate bitmaps etc. so that they have the most suitable characteristics, including allocating them from GPU RAM where possible. The concept of chip RAM is only for legacy code, and most if not all non-68k platforms should have all system RAM
marked as chip.

BTW, is the video processing code you mention CPU code or GPU code?

Also, IIRC we have support for &quot;external memory allocators&quot;. Perhaps that's what we need for the allocation of GPU RAM through the mailbox.

All hosted and x86 native ports should use proper context formats.

trying to clarify if the vblank handler has to have run by this point to prevent this deadlock. Actually, no. Unless you have installed VBlank handler which should wake up at some point. Without VBlank there will be no quantum count. Consequently, there will be no forced preemption. But the rest will work, and multitasking will be cooperative (switch happens only when current task voluntarily gives up the CPU). Does it depend on the vblank having run before this point? and if yes what does that mean on systems where it might be able to run enough code (e.g. get to this point) before the vblank interrupt has triggered? What is it waiting for? It could wait for timer, in this case you need timer.device working. VBlank is currently needed for exec's quantum counter. In current native ports we have only a single timer, which is served by timer.device. VBlank is simulated by timer.device also. If your machine has two timers, then you can use one of them for VBlank, and another for timer.device, this will simplify things down. VBlank needs to be 50 Hz for historical reasons, many programs use it as cheap timer. I am periodically thinking about making some abstract mechanism to be able to change quantum source (and untie it from 50 Hz), but have no time to come up with something good. Additionally i started disliking timer.device hardcoded design when PC has got many timers (old 8253, APIC, HPET).
Currently i think there should be some low-level entity representing tick source. timer.device should just select the most appropriate source for its units.
The BCM2835 has 4 GPU based timer sources - 2 are used by the GPU, so im using Timer3 for our heartbeat and the remaining one will be free to the system. There is also the less capable ARM timer but that is dependent on the CPU frequency. Very good. You won't need any emulation. Set the heartbeat to 50 Hz and drive VBlank from it. Use other timer for MicroHZ.

Can you use the 'econsole.hook' I make for debugging the Sam460 via the serial port?
It provides a before-anything-else shell prompt on the serial port.  You can then do 'NewCLI' to test your graphics, or use any DOS command in shellcommands.resource.

You should just be able to add econsole.hook to your module list, and use 'econsole' in your bootargs.

So long as you have a working Exec/RawMayGetChar and Exec/RawPutChar, it should work.

Also make sure to add shell.resource and shellcommands.resource for this.

That should have done it.

If you set &quot;#define DEBUG 1&quot; in  arch/all-native/econsole/econsole.c, do you get any additional serial output?

have added it to the build and added econsole to the command line - and can see the bootloader picks up on the emergency bootconsole tag, but I still only get the insert bootable media display?

Im assuming it exposes a fake filesystem that tricks aros into booting?
The contents of which are: ECON:AROS.boot

Way to handle the scheduling code? The implementations I had been following were causing problems, due to cascading interrupts which I cant handle properly in the asm stubs just now (when they break disable etc.) - since it means detecting the interrupted codes cpu mode and getting the correct sp/lr for it, and that's just too tedious for arm.
 
To work around this ive added a system idle task which does nothing - and when the scheduling code has no task to run switches this in and lets it run, thereby allowing the interrupts etc to resume until something does need to happen.
 
Also, by adding accounting code to cpu_Switch() and cpu_Dispatch(), it should allow the system to log idle time correctly (as well as running tasks).
 
have thought of also adding an additional task that never runs, solely to record time spent in IRQ handlers, but I digress..

was under the impression that kernel.resource should *never* be used outside of exec.library. This is a wrong impression.
Michal started designing it because portable nature of AROS does not fit well into exec's API with all its assumptions. So, he started the new, hardware-agnostic kernel API from scratch. Yes, exec sits on top of it in places. But kernel always meant to be open thing. Otherwise it would not exist. 
it wasn't meant to be just used willy nilly by user code - but by lower system components (e.g. exec) so that they could be implemented in a more generic fashion, and the kernel resource itself hide the systems quirks.

Adding new things there perfectly keeps up with our decision to minimize AROS-specific intervention into APIs which can clash with MorphOS or Amiga OS4 extensions. We want at least source-level compatibility there. Binary compatibility on PPC would be extremely cool, but at the other hand we have no maintainer for this, as well as their ABIs splintering. 
It depends on what exactly is being implemented - there's no reason we should have everything crammed into kernel.resource if it doesn't need to be (i.e. if its better suited as a separate component/subsystem in its own right)

The _LE versions are for when you have endian swapping taking place.  If the graphics are the same endian as the CPU, no swapping should occur.  I ran into a similar terminology problem in SDL with a friend insisting that his Radeon 7000 on his PC was big-endian.  It is not, it just uses the same endianness for the graphics card and the CPU so no swapping was necessary.  They were both little-endian.
The _LE versions are because the PixFmts refer to the bitmap data being in big endian format in memory, for which the normal version would need to do endianness conversion before applying the shifts/masks. on this platform it is in _LE in memory also so we don't need the conversion hence using the _LE version of the call). would use _LE (if it's really little endian 16 bit mode).

 
What is the bare minimum needed to implement a framebuffer based gfx driver, with our software handling the rest?

Have tried with just a gfx class that only expose new/dispose/newbitmap - and having an onscreenbitmap used only for the framebuffer itself (with all other bitmaps being chunkybm, and the framebuffer's superclass also being chunkybm), but that alone isn't enough it seems?
You can use workbench/hidds/sm502/ as your example - it is as simple as I could make it.
So, AROS creates the framebuffer bitmap (verified this) -&gt; so surely it should be capable of then rendeing into it? I don't actually create the framebuffer &quot;bitmap object&quot; myself - only as a result of being asked to. The code I currently have on SVN seems to create the framebuffers bitmap object fine, but then crashes in intuitions DisplayDriver callback.  In particular it crashes performing the getattr on the system default pointer. don't expose MEMF_CHIP in an allocatable form so AllocSpriteData was failing (and other code later doesn't check if the values are valid == illegal memory accesses) 

So far have -:

vc_init: queries the gpus memory, and sets up a fake memory handler for it, then adds the bootmode driver and returns saying all is well
vc_gfxhidd:New: sets up some fake syncmodes to test with and creates the real gfx object.
vc_gfxhidd:NewBitmap: checks if its a framebuffer and uses the onbitmap class or uses the chunkybm class otherwise
vc_onbitmap:New; creates a chunkybm object and then pushes the real framebuffer address into it as the buffer,

vc4 had v8adds, v8subs, v8muld, v8min and v8max which operated on four 8bit uint values packed into a 32bit register. Multiplication was in the range 0.0 to 1.0 and addition/subtraction saturated. There were also a range unpacking/packing modes that allowed you to pack and unpack 8bit values into 32bit registers. 

RasPi has to speak to the &quot;operating system&quot; which runs on the GPU itself and request/free memory - it cant directly manage it itself, and so the managed functions were used to wrap these calls.

The Arm and GPU share memory space. The framebuffer is shared. The Arm can write a pixel and it will appear on the screen (through GPU hardware) without flushing/copying being required.

The GPU can composite multiple FB's in real time - so you have a number of surfaces defined which are rotated etc and  composited in real time to the output. Copying can map from the address space of the Arm to the flat space of the GPU which takes some code, but I don't think whole buffers are copied.

The DMA hardware can also access the whole memory space and can perform 2D fills and blits (no blending). This is documented in the peripheral spec posted. The DMA is just an Arm accessible peripheral and can be set up with low latency (e.g. microseconds).
must use a 0xc0000000-based bus address to access SDRAM, yet non-DMA access should go via a 0x0-based bus address. 
For 2D dma, set TDMODE, and the spec says &quot;interpret the TXFR_LEN register as YLENGTH number of transfers each of XLENGTH, and add the strides to the address after each transfer.&quot; so set STRIDE to pitch of the image, the width is XLENGTH and height is YLENGTH. You would fill by not setting the SRC_INC and point source to your fill data.

The DMA cannot see the ARM's L1 cache, so you would map the framebuffer with ioremap_nocache. Depending on where the source data comes from, it may need an L1 cache flush. The DMA can see the L2 cache. Use 0xC0000000 bus addresses when L2 is disabled and 0x40000000 bus addresses when L2 is enabled. (actually just call virt_to_bus and you'll get the right address out).

openGLES/openVG has high latency. Writing to framebuffer then reading it back is very inefficient (e.g. milliseconds). If you can drive it a unidirectional way, just streaming commands at then that is efficient. openVG is not implemented on top of openGLES - it uses the same hardware but as a first class interface

To improve the Gfx driver, we will need a DMA resource implemented so can use to perform DMA operations. The Gfx driver will need this to perform blits.


Actually MEMF_CHIP has to present, for historical reasons.
This has been never fully agreed upon, but in ports i wrote i exposed the whole memory as MEMF_CHIP. The idea behind this is that CHIP is originally the memory where graphics and sound data can be put. On non-Amiga platforms there are no restrictions on this, so the whole memory is CHIP.
Yes, many old software can misbehave with CHIP memory size larger than 2MB. But this actually applies only to m68k AROS which is going to run m68k binaries. In other cases it's quite logical to fix the program when porting.

As to original question: yes, it's enough to have a framebuffer bitmap (one with aoHidd_BitMap_FrameBuffer set to TRUE) and PutPixel routine. It framebuffer can be served by chunky bitmap class, then you can simply create chunky bitmap with your own buffer (see how VESA driver does this). Chunky PutPixel is already there.

struggling to determine what is the correct pixfmt to use for the 24/16/15 bit gfx modes on the RasPi.  AFAIK it uses RGB565, for 16bit but im unsure what shifts etc should go with it? suffice to say Im getting the wrong colors so far lol.

&lt;pre&gt;
redmask: 0x0000F800
greenmask: 0x000007E0
bluemask: 0x0000001F
alphamask: 0

redshift: 16
greenshift: 21
blueshift: 27
alphashift: 0
&lt;/pre&gt;

It should likely be vHidd_StdPixFmt_RGB16_LE

This stuff is a bit confusing.  The &quot;names&quot; of the stdpixfmts are based on the layout in memory,
ignoring endianess. So for example:

ARGB32: will be 0xAA 0xRR 0xGG 0xBB in memory on both big endian and little endian machines.

The shifts and masks OTOH are based on pixel access (ULONG in this case), so differ depending
on whether you run on big endian machine or little endian machine (that's why there's stdpixfmt_le.h and
stdpixfmt_be.h in rom/hidds/graphics/).

With the 16 bit pixel format it's even more confusing, as for example it's impossible on little endian machine
to describe RGB16 with shifts/masks alone. That's why there's vHidd_PixFmt_SwapPixelBytes_Flag.
(RGB16 == RRRRRGGG GGGBBBBB in memory, and for pixel (WORD) access on little endian machine it needs to
be accessed as GGGBBBBBRRRRRGGGG).

The shifts btw indicate how much to shift the component to the left (!) so that it is moved to the highest bit (31).

The aHidd_PixFmt_StdPixFmt you specify will be ignored most of the time, because when the pixelfmt is registered,
the gfx hidd checks if there's an identical pixfmt (shifts/masks/etc., but ignoring pixfmt-&gt;stdpixfmt) already in the system,
and if so, it uses the already existing one and does not create a new one.

In theory it would be better if gfx drivers could simply/only specify a StdPixFmt without all the shifts/masks stuff when the
gfx driver uses pixfmt which matches one of the stdpixfmts exactly. Another possibility would be for gfx drivers to use
HIDD_Gfx_GetPIxFmt(stdpixfmt_gfx_driver_wants_to_use) and then peek shifts/masks from it and fill out a pixfmt
tag list based on that.
15bit very blue/green: Try to pass same shifts/masks/etc. as in 16 bit pixfmt (maybe you think it's using 15 bit R5G5B5
(or swapped) but it's actually still using 16 bit R5G6B5 (or swapped).
 aHidd_PixFmt_StdPixFmt you pass is mostly ignored. It's the shift/masks/etc. that count.
But I would still pass the correct one (_LE) == whatever rom/hidds/graphics/stdpixfmts_??.h uses
in the entry where you have looked up shifts/masks/etc.

Use the shifts/masks/etc. from the entry in stdpixfmt_le.h (if you are running on little endian machine) or stdpixfmt_be.h (if you
are running on little endian machine) that matches the pixfmt that its meant to be.

0xAA,0xRR,0xGG,0xBB on little endian (-&gt;entry in stdpixfmt_le.h which says vHidd_StdPixFmt_ARGB32)
0xBB,0xGG,0xRR,0xAA on little endian (-&gt;entry in stdpixfmt_le.h which says vHidd_StdPixFmt_BGRA32)

0xAA,0xRR,0xGG,0xBB on big endian (-&gt;entry in stdpixfmt_be.h which says vHidd_StdPixFmt_ARGB32)
0xBB,0xGG,0xRR,0xAA on big endian (-&gt;entry in stdpixfmt_be.h which says vHidd_StdPixFmt_BGRA32)

it feels like AROS trashes the alpha component, otherwise it should be 8A8R8G8B.

read on the subject suggest its in 1x5r5g5b (x is ignored) to keep 16bit alignment .
 
Suggests to me that wrong shift/mask are being applied - however going by the 16bit versions it all looks correct to me so I am really confused as to what is happening.

The output image looks to have too much green/blue, and very weak red.


 Kickstart 

The  idea  is  to minimize amount of archirecture-specific modules to make the user's  life  easier.  So,  the kickstart was split into 'base' (which  does  not  contain anything machine-specific) and 'BSP' (Board Support Package) which contains all hardware-specific stuff. This  way,  for  example, distribution makers can save up space on CD and  make  CDs with multiple platform support. Different configuration would load the same base with different BSP's.

Next  there  was some part which is entirely missing on hosted. These are   filesystems.  Hosted  ports  do  not need them to boot up, so on hosted   they  are  left  out.  At  the  other  hand,  they  are  also architecture-agnostic.  So  i put them into 'FS' package (standing for 'filesystem').


 USB 

Poseidon  is  one  more  big part. I made it into separate package in order to allow users to omit it if they don't need it (for example, to run  on retro PCs without USB). Personally i have one. Again, Poseidon is  hardware-agnostic (well, there are USB drivers but HCIs are pretty standard).

AFAIK its HCI 1.0 compliant but not familiar enough with poseidons drivers, nor USB, to just hack away at the existing code.  Perhaps once i'm more familiar with the workings I can merge in the changes needed to get it operating but for now I will focus on getting it running.  Also our drivers have known issues so perhaps a fresh set of eyes might shed some light on what is going wrong.

Another interesting question is whether Poseidon can operate on device side. Is it flexible enough? How similar is being a USB host and USB device? think it will need a bit of work on Poseidon's side.  Until then I will force the driver into Host/Master mode in the init code, but leave open device etc to configure the chipset for either's use - and look at trying to add support for working in Device/Slave mode &amp; switching modes once it's up and running.

Actually USBROMStartup is some kind of kludge. Can there be any alternative? Could device drivers be self-installing, like our HIDDs? This would get rid of need to list them in USBRomStartup.

* Model A and B limited to 150 mA per port. 
* Model B+ and Pi 2 introduced configurable 600 mA to 1.2 A support over all ports - anything above that requires a powered USB hub.

Implementing the hardware driver that Poseidon uses to interact with the USB components.

Have code in place to (try) and initialise the USB chipset, and configure host/device mode operation (though AFAICT Poseidon doesn't support device mode). Started to get the &quot;virtual&quot; root hub written for the single USB port so that Poseidon should at least list it correctly in the GUI - and try to interact with it to find peripherals.


The BCM2835 uses a soft IP block from Synopsys’ DesignWare library (DWC), specifically the block is called dwc_usb_2_0_hs_otg_subsystem-ahb_se (“USB 2.0 Hi-Speed OTG Controller Subsystem w/AHB Interface SE”).

There is no public documentation for this, and pretty much zero chance of anyone getting hold of it even with NDA. However, there's a Linux driver written by Synopsys ([https://github.com/raspberrypi/linux dwc_usb]). Specifically directories [https://github.com/raspberrypi/linux/tree/rpi-patches/drivers/usb/host dwc_common_port] and [https://github.com/raspberrypi/linux/tree/rpi-patches/drivers/usb/host dwc_otg].

The Synopsys code is actually under a fairly permissive licence – it's not GPL, it's similar to BSD (’don't sue us if it breaks’ is pretty much the only clause). So this should not be a barrier to porting the code.

The code is really well written, with a nice partition between the work done by the driver (dwc_otg, which is fairly involved, given the host does more work than a conventional EHCI driver), and the interface to Linux (dwc_common_port).

Probably only need provision of relevant changes to dwc_common_port. Other things to consider....

* Provision of necessary headers to get it to compile
* Provision of necessary functions (main issues are wait queues, threads, work queues, tasklets, timers, spinlocks and mutexes (multithreading) )
* Interfacing between USB stack and the driver. dwc_otg/dwc_otg_hcd_linux.c looks like the place to start.

the Linux bits of the headers are only required for the dwc_common_port library. dwc_common_port includes a variety of crypto functions which are not used – it appears to also be used for ultrawideband (UWB) and wireless USB (WUSB) drivers where crypto will be an issue, but it isn't going to be for plain wired USB.

Every USB driver acts as an USB hub as well in order to let Poseidon control the state of USB ports. The code there was reading status of the only USB port in Raspberry's CPU but when changing the status it erroneously deleted some of the status bits, including the port enable one. It was so because those bits in the status register are of a type Read/WriteToClear. It means, if one does not want to change their value from 1 back to 0, one has to actually write the 0 value. Very practical thing e.g. in interrupt handlers, where one reads the interrupt status register to learn what was the interrupt reason, and writes it back to the same register in order to clear the interrupts. 

After fixing that code it turned out that the communication was still unsuccessful. Apparently the USB device was not understanding the host for some reason. That should not happen since the request sent was one of the standard ones implemented by virtually anything with an USB connector, assumed that Poseidon clears the data caches before forwarding the work to the USB drivers but that's the responsibility of the driver itself. 

The USB device responded and acknowledged the transmission! But why were all the request sent after address change failing with timeout? They should not. Once again, address set is supported just by anything. Tried to contact the device at address 0 once again and there it was, still responding properly. The enlightenment came. The bus address for DMA transmissions was, as it is in many bare metal USB implementations, just the pure memory address of the buffer as seen by the ARM cpu. Have &quot;prefixed&quot; it with the real location of uncached RAM and booted AROS once again. 


Trident saw this:

    Product     : Hub: Vdr=0424/PID=9514
    Manufacturer: Standard Microsystems Corp.
    SerialNumber: n/a
    /Users/michal/git/AROS/rom/USB/poseidon/./poseidon.library.c:psd_20_psdEnumerateDevice/3092: USBVersion: 0200
    Class     : 9
    SubClass  : 0
    DevProto  : 2
    VendorID  : 1060
    ProductID : 38164
    DevVers   : 0200

and this:

    Product     : Vendor: Vdr=0424/PID=EC00
    Manufacturer: Standard Microsystems Corp.
    SerialNumber: n/a
    /Users/michal/git/AROS/rom/USB/poseidon/./poseidon.library.c:psd_20_psdEnumerateDevice/3092: USBVersion: 0200
    Class     : 255
    SubClass  : 0
    DevProto  : 1
    VendorID  : 1060
    ProductID : 60416
    DevVers   : 0200

and even this:

    Product     : Hub: Vdr=0424/PID=9514
    Manufacturer: Standard Microsystems Corp.
    SerialNumber: n/a
    /Users/michal/git/AROS/rom/USB/poseidon/./poseidon.library.c:psd_20_psdEnumerateDevice/3092: USBVersion: 0200
    Class     : 9
    SubClass  : 0
    DevProto  : 2
    VendorID  : 1060
    ProductID : 38164
    DevVers   : 0200

What are these things? The first one is USB hub built in the Raspberry. Thanks to this one the Pi machines (with exception of Pi0 and computing modules) have more than just one single USB port. The second one is the network chip in raspberry, the third one is my USB SD card reader which have just connected to see what happens. AROS tried, of course, to boot from it ;)

So, the first step towards working USB is done. The control transfers are working as you can see above. Next step is to implement bulk and interrupt transfers, having the basics in place. Finally some error handling will be added and USB for Pi will be as complete as the PC version. 

[http://www.raspyfi.com/raspberry-pi-usb-audio-fix/ Issue with USB Audio]


 Audio 

The Pi 4B is the only Pi that can output HD Audio as an HD Audio passthrough bitstream, and it does it over HDMI. It's possible to use the two HDMI output for separate HDMI video and HDMI audio outputs to allow UHD HDR video and HD Audio with non-UHD HDR compatible AVRs. 

The Pi3B+ and earlier will decode to PCM 5.1/7.1 and output over HDMI.  HDMI is the only interconnect that has a standard for carrying Dolby True HD, DTS HD MA etc. as a bitstream - you can't carry it as a bitstream on any other interface.

Pi3 and Pi4 audio jack output derived from 12bit pulse width modulation is relatively poor. For better, choose USB Audio or I2C versions. 

[https://github.com/raspberrypi/linux/tree/rpi-patches/sound/arm audio] and its [https://github.com/raspberrypi/firmware/issues/2 very high speed message passing interface type of thing VCHI] 

The Model B+ added an additional voltage regulator for the audio output and an additional output driver to drive low-resistance loads like headphones. However it is still using pulse-width modulation (PWM), which has a major impact on sound quality

the old Raspberry Pi used a linear voltage regulator to provide the 3.3V to many of the components on the board while the new one uses a switching regulator. Both can perform reasonably well. However switch mode power supplies often show higher noise figures

Analogue audio

Audio over HDMI rev 1.3 &amp; 1.4


 Ethernet 

10/100 BaseT Ethernet RJ45 socket


 GPIO 

GPIO shouldn't be too bad but bear in mind it is already accessed in places so they would need to allocate pins etc through it (e.g. sdcard to flicker the activity light, serial debug to output data on the GPIO pins)

Probably a resource rather than a device...

Started an i2c driver that will need to allocate GPIO pins. Feel free to work on it if you are interested ;p


 GPU graphics with 2D and 3D acceleration 

Sadly none yet for 32bit but for 64bit... 


 Miscellanous

hdmi issues

Setting the hdmi_force_hotplug=1 makes sure the Pi believes the monitor/TV is really there.

You might also need to set config_hdmi_boost=4 or even higher (up to 9) if your display needs a stronger signal.

If the display is a computer monitor or newer tv, use hdmi_group=1 (auto HDMI use) and if it is an older TV, try hdmi_group=2 (for DMT formats, i.e. for PC monitors) then you HAVE to &quot;set hdmi_drive = 2 to enable HDMI output as this forces HDMI mode rather than DVI mode

Do not set hdmi_safe=1 as that overrides many of the previous options.

Using a shorter or better quality HDMI cable might help. Make sure your Pi's power supply delivers 1 A and not 500 mA.
If you see a problem with the red colour - either absent, or interference - then try a boost

composite video

changing the RCA cable, then the composite port worked out of the box

Boot it as you are doing, without HDMI. If you now plug in the HDMI, do you get the image? In other words, does the Pi think HDMI is connected even when it isn't?

Rename all the files in the first partion of the card except bootcode.bin, start.elf and fixup.dat  What's the result?

Put back config.txt What's the result?

for PAL mode   sdtv_mode=2

dmi_ignore_hotplug Pretends HDMI hotplug signal is not asserted so it appears a HDMI display is not attached
hdmi_ignore_hotplug=1 Use composite mode even if HDMI monitor is detected

&lt;pre&gt;
# NOOBS Auto-generated Settings:
#hdmi_force_hotplug=1
#config_hdmi_boost=4
#overscan_left=24
#overscan_right=24
#overscan_top=16
#overscan_bottom=16
#disable_overscan=0
start_x=1
gpu_mem=128
&lt;/pre&gt;

tvservice -c &quot;PAL 4:3&quot;

&lt;pre&gt;
/opt/vc/bin/tvservice -s   or tvservice -s 
state: HPD high|HDMI mode|HDCP off|composite off (0x12001a), 1920x1080 @ 60 Hz, progressive

/opt/vc/bin/tvservice -m CEA
Group CEA has 1 modes:
(native) mode 16: 1920x1080 @ 60 Hz, progressive

/opt/vc/bin/tvservice -m DMT
Group DMT has 0 modes:
&lt;/pre&gt;

sudo amixer cset numid=3 1

forces the audio to the headphone jack, even with the HDMI video output plugged in

config.txt

the hdmi_ignore_edid_audio=1 option sems relevant as it should tell ALSA that the only available audio is analog, no matter what the display says

There are several different ways that these 4 pole (ring) composite analog cables can be wired up, so some work great in some applications and can be a waste of time in others.

What is needed for the Raspberry Pi B+ and above, which like many camcorders needs the ring contact next to the base contact to be the ground.


The wiring for the 4 pole are:

TIP (LEFT AUDIO CHANNEL)

RING 1 (RIGHT AUDIO CHANNEL)

RING 2 (GROUND/EARTH)

RING 3 BASE/SLEEVE (VIDEO) YELLOW

Most Apple based Players and the Microsoft Zune (TM) are wired this way.

Most analogue camcorders are wired this way as well, where the ground in on Ring 2 will work with the Pi although you may need to swap your Video plug with the Right Audio plug.

Nearly all other MP3 players are not wired this way, the ground is on another ring ie the wrong one.


External devices

* Camera Module Omnivision ov5647 Sunny 5MP (NoIR version) V1.3 - NoIR at 850&amp;nbsp;nm, peak at 880&amp;nbsp;nm and trails off at 940&amp;nbsp;nm wavelengths 
* Camera V2 Sony IMX219 V2.1 8mpixel 8MP 8megapixel - 3280 x 2464 pixels - video at 1080p30, 720p60 and 640x480p90 - wider field of view, 62 vs 54 degrees horizontally - 
* Branded WIFI usb BCM43143 dongle

N.B.  dreaded error after changing cameras (stupidly without turning off the power first) and lasted through several power cycles.  It can be a bad 15-pin FFC ribbon cable, when swapped, camera(s) and the Pi itself are working OK. It can be an instance of a cold solder joint on the CSI connector on the pi board.  the camera can be detected (that's done via I2C) but may still not be able to receive image data (done via CSI-2) if something is broken. CSI-2 is uni-directional. Control is generally done via I2C. 
The CSI-2 receiver always writes to memory, not direct to the ISP. That's the way the Broadcom architecture works as it allows multipass processing easily. GPU memory is accessible from the ARM. Processing using the QPU graphics processors may be possible.  currently the only supported sensor is OV5647 and IMX219.  The linux drivers are all in the firmware blob, else you'd  be looking at at least a man-month of work in a fully fledged imaging lab to do a decent tuning of the camera modules' ISP parameters. 
Static electricity maybe an issue for the camera module and slightly less for the pi board.


== References ==


===Good sites to visit===

*[https://github.com/raspberrypi/firmware/tree/master/ Raspberry Pi Firmware build] 
*[https://www.raspberrypi.com/documentation/computers/software-sources.html Documentation] 
*[https://rpilocator.com/ RPiLocator] 


Linux only
*[https://github.com/raspberrypi/linux Raspberry Pi Linux Build] 
*[https://dietpi.com/ DietPi] 
*[http://www.tinycorelinux.net/ports.html piCore]
*[https://wiki.alpinelinux.org/wiki/Raspberry_Pi Alpine Linux] 
*[https://github.com/armbian/build Armbian] 


*[ FydeOS]
*[ TwisterOS based on ChromiumOS] 
*[https://note.com/jamesmondo/n/nc76e31402be8?hl=en BSD] 


*[https://www.raspberrypi.com/software/operating-systems/ PiOS Lite] and then [https://hstwb.firstrealize.com/ HST] 
*[ PiMiga for pi4 and pi5] 
*[ amibian for pi2 and pi3] 
*[ retropie pi1 and 2] 


Other alternative lighter smaller than Pi OS 
*[https://aros.sourceforge.io/nightly1.html Aros 64bit ARMV8 single core] 
*[https://www.riscosopen.org/wiki/documentation/show/Welcome%20to%20RISC%20OS%20Pi RiscOS on Pi3 and Pi4]
*[https://github.com/michalsc/Emu68 ARM based realtime JIT 68k for amiga computers] 
*[https://github.com/JJDSNT/bellatrix/releases/ Alternative use of Emu68 on Pi3b] 
*[https://github.com/stevereaver/uaos uaOS with Emu68k] 
*[https://github.com/aros-development-team/AROS/commit/f80a268607dfae81b2db94755ab4e4d31ccb72d6 m68kemu library reference] 
*[ HaikuOS]
*[https://github.com/raspberrypi/noobs NOOBS] os loader with successor [https://github.com/procount/pinn PINN] 
*[https://github.com/maxnet/berryboot berryboot]

*[https://github.com/brianwiddas/pi-baremetal Bare Metal Access on Pi 32bit] 


Testing procedure is put sd card in, connect board to board if necessary, plug in hdmi and then power nothing else is done especially CSI DSI etc 

[https://www.raspberrypi.com/documentation/computers/compute-module.html CM5] has the same 55mm x 40mm 2x100pin connectors form factor as the CM4 but [https://www.epdtonthenet.net/article/214508/Key-Considerations-When-Migrating-from-Raspberry-Pi-CM4-to-CM5.aspx some pins and other small things] have changed. Will need the [https://raspipcb.com/tech-blog/raspberry-pi-cm4-vs-cm5-difference-in-booting-from-sd-card/ right IO board to suit] 

*Green [ Raspberry Pi Compute Module 5 IO Board REV2 [https://pip.raspberrypi.com/categories/1097-raspberry-pi-compute-module-5-io-board SC1967]] - untested 
*Green [ RPi Compute Module 5 IO board REV1 [https://pip.raspberrypi.com/categories/1097-raspberry-pi-compute-module-5-io-board SC1751]] - untested 
*Black SupTronics Geekbord X1500 CM5 IO Carrier Board - untested
*Black DeskPi Super6C Cluster Mini-ITX Board - untested 
*[https://sipeed.com/nanocluster Sipeed NanoCluster] - untested up to 7 CM5 
*Green BentoIO CMX0 - untested 
*Box EDATec ED-CLAWBOX - untested 
*Home Assistant Yellow - Kit with PoE with Raspberry Pi Compute Module 5 - untested 
*Blue [https://www.waveshare.com/wiki/CM5_PoE_BASE_A Waveshare CM5-PoE-BASE-A] - untested 
*Box  Waveshare [ CM5-POE-BOX-A] - untested 
*Blue [https://www.waveshare.com/wiki/CM5-IO-BASE-B Waveshare CM5-IO-BASE-B] - untested 
*Blue [https://www.waveshare.com/wiki/CM5-IO-BASE-A Waveshare CM5-IO-BASE-A] - untested 
*Blue Waveshare [https://www.waveshare.com/wiki/CM5-NANO-B CM5-NANO-B] - untested 


*[https://carboncomputers.us/products/pi-flux piFlux]
*[https://carboncomputers.us/products/ Zitaotech Hackberry] CM5 lite only - 
*Portable [https://www.waveshare.com/pocketterm35.htm Waveshare PocketTerm35] with Pi4B or Pi5 - untested 
*Box [https://www.clockworkpi.com/uconsole ClockworkPi uConsole][https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EtI_bAahbR8 CM4 into an adapter or CM3 into so-dimm - Cyberdeck] - untested 


*Green RPi [https://datasheets.raspberrypi.com/cm4io/CM4IO-KiCAD.zip Compute Module 4] [https://datasheets.raspberrypi.com/cm4io/cm4io-datasheet.pdf IO board] V1.4 [https://datasheets.raspberrypi.com/cm4io/CM4IOUSB3-KiCAD.zip USB3] [https://datasheets.raspberrypi.com/cm4io/cm4iousb3-appnote.pdf CM4ISO] [https://datasheets.raspberrypi.com/cm4/cm4-datasheet.pdf Dual100pin] (2020) aka Development Platform Board - untested 
*Purple Pi Hut Cytron CM4 Maker Board - untested 
*Black DeskPi Super6C Cluster Mini-ITX Board - untested 
*[ KubeSail PiBox mini 2] 
*Home Assistant Yellow with Raspberry Pi Compute Module 4 - untested 
*[ Turing Pi V2] - untested CM4 with 260-pin SO-DIMM socket adapters and/or nvidia jetson nanos - untested 
*Blue [https://www.waveshare.com/wiki/CM4-IO-BASE-C Waveshare CM4-IO-BASE-C] - untested but binary blobs Rev01 Rev02 
*Blue [https://www.waveshare.com/wiki/CM4-IO-BASE-B Waveshare CM4-IO-BASE-B] - untested but binary blobs 
*Blue [https://www.waveshare.com/wiki/CM4-IO-BASE-A Waveshare CM4-IO-BASE-A] - untested but binary blobs 
*Blue [https://www.waveshare.com/wiki/CM4-NANO-B Waveshare CM4-NANO] - untested but usb and audio turned off or rerouted 
*Black [ Seeed Studio with BigTreeTech BTT pad 7] - bin blobs? 


CM3 has a 200 pin sodimm ddr2 connector form factor but not electrically SC0028, SC0029 
*Blue [https://wiki.geekworm.com/CM_IO_Board Geekworm RPi Compute Module IO Board] [https://github.com/geekworm-com/cm-io-board CSI DSI] with CM3 in ddr2 slot underside - '''works''' if SW1 on but CM3+ '''does not''' 
*Green [https://cdn-shop.adafruit.com/product-files/3442/CMIO_schematic.pdf RPi V3 IO board CM3IO] and CM3 Lite - untested 
*Green [https://turingpi.com/ turingpi v1 cluster] - untested up to 7 cm3 7xlan9514 12V discontinued, 3 x Pi4 homelab maybe better 
*Blue [https://www.waveshare.com/wiki/Compute_Module_PoE_Board Waveshare Compute Module PoE Board] and CM3 lite (if not lite, write files to internal eMMC fat32) '''AVOID''' bin blobs 
*Blue [https://www.waveshare.com/compute-module-io-board-plus.htm Waveshare Compute Module IO Board Plus] [https://www.waveshare.com/wiki/Compute_Module_IO_Board_Plus wiki] [https://forums.raspberrypi.com/viewtopic.php?t=235695 pin settings] with CM3+ Lite - '''AVOID''' binary blob 


*[ Pi02w on Geekworm SupTronics X305 Raspberry Pi Zero IO Baseboard] - untested 
*[ Spotpear Pi Zero 2w to Pi3b format-ish] - untested 


*[ pi-top v4] box has 128x64 oled display, micro hdmi, 19Whr battery with pi4 and 15V PD 36W min needed 
*[ pi-top v3] three green pieces, heatsink covers most of the base tray, pi-top hub mk1 lhs and Pi1B Pi2b Pi3b rhs secured from below, black rounded strip with pi-top above keyboard, 13.3&quot; HD 1366 x 768 display, small touchpad, 
*[ pi-top Model 2.0] pi-top on bottom bezel of 14-inch green laptop, large trackpad, keyboard slide down to reveal main system hub on slide rails moved to the right, Raspberry Pi3b screws down, hub slides in, 18V 2.5A 45W charger brick, battery 11.1V 3500mAh 38.85Wh and storage PiTopOS 
*[ Pi-Top CEED Raspberry Pi Modular Educational Desktop with RPI3] monitor 
*[https://www.indiegogo.com/en/projects/jesselozano/pi-top-a-raspberry-pi-laptop-you-build-yourself Pi-Top v1] wedge laptop with RPi2 


&lt;pre&gt;
2008 Trustees collected for Foundation
2009 Pi Foundation charity status gained 
2010 
2011 First Raspberry prototypes 
2012 First boards go on sale at CPC and RS. The Model A and B 700 MHz Arm11 - February 29th BCM 2835
2012 First million sold - more than the 10,000 original planned and anticipated 
2013 First Alpha Experimental builds of AROS Native for the 32bit Pi 
2013 Pi Trading launched making grants available, providing in house educational resources and Pi Academy for teacher training 
2013 Over two million sold 
2014 Over three million sold 
2014 Pi 1 Model B+ introduced that moved composite video to audio jack and same half gig of memory 
2014 Pi Model A+ v1.1 no ethernet and 1 usb - a little smaller - 
2015 Over four million first gen pis sold  
2015 Pi Zero 1.2 BCM2835 first production revision released with no camera port 
2016 Pi0 1.3 released with camera csi connector 
2017 Pi Zero W v1.1 1GHz Pi0W, single-core 32bit CPU BCM2835 released with Cypress CYW43438 wireless 
2020 Raspberry Pi Pico SC0919 with RP2040 32-bit 2Core ARM Cortex-M0+ up to 133 MHz - 264KB of SRAM and 2MB of on-board QSPI Flash - 
2024 Raspberry Pi Pico 2 with RP2350 2Core 32bit Arm Cortex-M33 and 2core open-hardware [https://github.com/wren6991/hazard3 Hazard3 RISC-V] 

2015 Pi 2 Model B v1.1 BCM2836 900/600 MHz ARM Cortex-A7 Armv7 quad 32bit, 32bit VideoCore IV GPU - 1Gb RAM - 5V 2A micro usb - SMSC LAN9514 chip - 
2015 Over a million pi2s sold 


2015 Raspberry Pi 2 Model B version 1.2 Pi2bv1.2, aka Pi2B2 has armv8 BCM2837 underclocked to 900Mhz without wifi/bluetooth module 
2016 Pi 3 Model B - Broadcom BCM2837 SOC four 64bit ARMv8 Cortex-A53 1.2GHz 32bit 1080p VideoCore IV GPU - 1Gb DDR2 - bluetooth 4.1, Cypress CYW43438 wireless 802.11n - 4 x USB2.0 ports - 5.1V 2.5A - SMSC LAN9514 chip 
2016 PIs total over 10 million worldwide 
2017 Compute Module 3 CM3 with BCM2837B0 armv8 Quad 64-bit - small 67.6mm x 31mm board which fits DDR2 SODIMM connector but not electrically compatible which plugs into needed IO board - beware of the I2C protocol issue 
     1Gb LPDDR2 RAM - Lite or 4Gb Emmc storage 
2017 12 million pis sold in total 
2018 Pi 3 Model B+ - 4c A53 BCM2837B0 1.4Ghz - 1Gb, wireless 802.11ac, gigabit ethernet (300Mbit/s) and bluetooth 4.2 - power over ethernet - 4 x USB2.0 ports - Microchip LAN7515 chip 
2019 Over 15 million sold 
2019 Pi 3 Model A+ with BCM2837b0 Cortex-A53 64-bit SoC @ 1.4 GHz with 512Mb LPDDR2, 1 usb2, 1 hdmi, 1 micro usb 5V 2A - no ethernet - 
2019 Raspberry Pi Compute Module 3+ CM3+ - Broadcom BCM2837B0 1.2Ghz, Cortex-A53 (ARMv8) 64-bit SoC on DDR2 SODIMM mechanically compatible only factor - IO board required 
     1Gb DDR2 and 8GB, 16GB, 32GB or a Lite variant without eMMC 
2021 Pi zero 2 (w or no W) RP3A0 quad 1GHz Cortex-A53 64bit BCM2710A1 512mB SDRam 
2025 edaTEC CM0 ED-CM0NANA with additional dev board with quad 1Ghz A53 with 512Mb Raysan RAM, 2 USB2 and 10/100 ethernet - pico castellated edge
 

2019 Pi 4 Model B v1.1 RPI4B - BCM2711B0T quad 64bit A72 1.5GHz, 4K VideoCore VI, AC wifi, Bluetooth 5.0, GbE Broadcom BCM54213PE (PHY ID 0x600d84a2), 2 micro hdmi decode up to 4K, USB-C 5.1V 3A power, 2xVLI VL805 USB 3, 2xUSB 2.0, 2GB 9LDWW D9WHZ or 4GB 9FDWW D9WHV, 8GB 0AA47 D9ZCL ddr4 ram 
2020 Silent Pi 4 v1.2 upgrade with more USB-c psu support 
2020 PI400 BCM2711C0T 1.8GHz 4Gb DDR4 inside keyboard, 5.1V 5A 27W usb-c psu, 2 micro hdmi, external ide style 40pin gpio, no audio port - 
2020 Raspberry Pi Compute Module 4 BCM2711B0T on new 55mm x 40mm 2x100 pin form factor with extra breakout IO board 
     CM4101000 1Gb RAM Lite SOM 
     CM4102000 2GB RAM Lite 
     CM4104000 4GB RAM Lite 
     CM4004008-4GB-RAM 8GB-EMMC SOM System on Modules 
     CM4104032 4GB RAM 32GB emmc 
     CM4108000 8GB RAM Lite 
     CM4008016 8GB RAM 16Gb eMMc
2021 Raspberry Pi SC0763 Compute Module 4S CM4S with ddr2 sodimm pinouts but not electrically the same with suitable IO board extra cost - 
     CM4S01000 1GB RAM Lite
     CM4S01008 1GB RAM 8GB eMMC Flash
     CM4S02000 2GB RAM Lite
     CM4S04000 4GB RAM Lite
     CM4S04016 4GB RAM 16Gb KLMAG1JETD-B041 
     CM4S08000 8GB RAM Lite 
2021 Pi 4 v1.4 BCM2711B1 upgraded power regulator, to deal with 8gig of ram being more power hungry 
2021-48 Raspberry Pi 4 model B v1.5 2GB 


2023 Pi 5 v1.0 BCM2712 Quad A76 @2.4Ghz - VideoCore VII - no audio socket - dual 4k from mini hdmi - fan connector - 5.1V 5A psu 
2024 Pi 5 2GB DDR4 version uses BCM2712D0 
2024 Pi-500 with 8Gb LPDDR5 and membrane keyboard 
2024 Pi 5 v1.1 
2024 Raspberry Pi Compute Module 5 CM5 BCM2712 55mm x 40mm form factor with additional IO board 
     CM5004000 04GB RAM 0GB eMMC Lite
     CM5008000 08GB RAM 0GB eMMC Lite
     CM5016000 16GB RAM 0GB eMMC Lite
2025 Pi-500+ with 256GB NVMe storage, 16GB LPDDR4 RAM, and Gateron KS-33 Low Profile Blue mechanical keyboard switches 
2025 Pi5 1GB DDR4 announced 


2022 PiOS linux goes 64bit 
2024 Pi Trading IPO stockmarket stock exchange listing 


2026 April and May Aros 64bit fixed, added AHI audio, VC4 gfx started, usb functions added to rom  
2026 June and July Aros 64bit usb2otg started, dma.resource, sdio.resource, bwfm.device wifi added 
2026 Late July daily 64bit Pi3 LE little endian builds start 
2026 August Pi 4, 400, 5 and 500 DTBs added, expanding existing support and wifi for Pi4 and Pi5 
2026 August Pi5 HAT+ nvme and HDMI, AHI RPiI2S added, Pi4 HVS5 video scaler started, 
2026 
2027 


2028 Pi 6 
&lt;/pre&gt;


The vcgencmd can be used to inspect and dump the current system configuration. 
vcgencmd runs on top of VCHIQ as an RPC. The mailbox interface is an alternate but much simpler RPC. 
VCHIQ is a bridge (queue) between the CPU and the GPU so they can communicate with the firmware. 

Loads of [https://github.com/6by9/rpi3-gpiovirtbuf/blob/master/rpi3-gpiovirtbuf.c mailbox] which uses the GPIO control calls. [https://github.com/raspberrypi/firmware/wiki/Mailboxes may also be of interest] 

A fair number of vcgencmd examples (search for vc_vchi_gencmd_init). [https://www.raspberrypi.org/forums/viewtopic.php?t=229203#p1406112 sends the relevant vcgencmd commands] to update the scaling kernel, but the [https://github.com/raspberrypi/userland/blob/master/host_applications/linux/apps/gencmd/gencmd.c command] is just a text string. Parsing and execution of the instructions is performed by the VideoCore firmware. 

The Raspberry Pi runs two separate operating systems: Linux/Aros on the ARM, and a threedx RTOS called vcos running on the Videocore 4 VPU: vcos is commonly called &quot;the firmware&quot;. Vcos is tasked with performing certain system services, for example running the display and audio outputs. The VCHI driver provides an interface to allow drivers to talk to vcos. 


Doubtful, on any [https://www.web3d.org/ Web3d] [https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/WebGL_API WebGL] or [https://github.com/immersive-web/webxr WebXR] [https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/WebXR_Device_API Device API] [https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/XRInputSource XRInputSource] support. Hopefully, never/limited support features like location, peer-to-peer, invasive web apps, unwarranted storage, payments, proprietary video streaming etc 

*spreadsheet [https://git.sheetjs.com/sheetjs/sheetjs sheetjs] [https://github.com/mleibman/SlickGrid SlickGrid javascript] [https://github.com/6pac/SlickGrid SlickGrid typescript] [https://github.com/jspreadsheet/ce jspreadsheet ce] probably without xlsx support 
*presentations [https://github.com/impress/impress.js/ impress.js simplified] [https://github.com/bwlewis/slides slides] [https://zenomt.github.io/mdslides/ github markdown slides] [https://github.com/Patternslib/slides Patternslib slides markdown] probably without pptx support 
*ai office [https://github.com/dream-num/univer/ univer], [https://github.com/dream-num/Luckysheet Luckysheet] [https://github.com/ruilisi/fortune-sheet fortune-sheet] 
*weather [https://github.com/Himanshu3412/Weather-Forecast Weather Forecast], [https://github.com/kaushalsahu07/weather weather needs API key], 


==Future==


[https://github.com/ARMSX2/ARMSX2 Arm pi of pcsx2], [https://github.com/Joshua-Riek/armbian-build Linux Armbian builds for old mobile devices], [], 


[https://tube.cadence.moe/ Cloudtube], [https://github.com/TeamPiped/documentation/blob/main/content/docs/public-instances/index.md TeamPiped], [], [], [], 

[https://hyperpipe.codeberg.page/ hyperpipe], [https://ytify.pp.ua/ ytify], [], [], 

[ ytdl], [https://github.com/golddominik893/liberatube liberatube]

[https://git.lolcat.ca/lolcat/4get 4get], [https://github.com/hnhx/librex librex], [], [], 


{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>oci0kq7db0nh4ztxrnnckd0g48indbm</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Wikibooks:Edit filter/False positives</title>
    <ns>4</ns>
    <id>396216</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4680541</id>
      <parentid>4678816</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T18:22:26Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ruby Rupshikha</username>
        <id>3629780</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* {{subst:currentuser}}{{subst:^|DO NOT EDIT THIS LINE}} */ new section</comment>
      <origin>4680541</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="7818" sha1="sgy7qu4qm94f96pyeinpx0thswqczn3" xml:space="preserve">__NONEWSECTIONLINK__ __NOINDEX__ {{Wikibooks:Edit filter/False positives/Header}} {{shortcut|WB:EFFP}} {{User:MiszaBot/config
|archive = Wikibooks:Edit filter/False positives/Archive %(counter)d
|algo = old(75d)
|counter = 5
|maxarchivesize = 150K
|minthreadstoarchive = 1
|minthreadsleft = 3
}}

== ~2026-49041-81 ==

;Username
: [[:b:User:~2026-49041-81|~2026-49041-81]]&lt;span class=&quot;noprint&quot;&gt; {{toolbar|separator=dot
|[[:b:User talk:~2026-49041-81|discuss]]
|[[:b:Special:Emailuser/~2026-49041-81|email]]
|[[:b:Special:Contributions/~2026-49041-81|contribs]]
|[{{fullurl:b:Special:Log|user={{urlencode:~2026-49041-81}}}} &lt;span style{{=}}&quot;color:#002bb8&quot;&gt;logs&lt;/span&gt;]
|[//tools.wmflabs.org/xtools/pcount/index.php?lang{{=}}en&amp;wiki{{=}}wikibooks&amp;name{{=}}{{urlencode:~2026-49041-81}} &lt;span style{{=}}&quot;color:#002bb8&quot;&gt;count&lt;/span&gt;]
}}&lt;/span&gt; (&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[{{fullurl:Special:AbuseLog|wpSearchUser=%7E2026-49041-81}} filter log]&lt;/span&gt;)
;Page you were editing
: [[Danish]] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;([{{fullurl:Special:AbuseLog|wpSearchTitle=Danish}} filter log]) ([{{fullurl:Special:AbuseLog|wpSearchTitle=Danish&amp;wpSearchUser=%7E2026-49041-81}} user filter log])&lt;/span&gt;
;Description
: Tried to add this link to my-danish-tutor.com This one has a ton of free resources and interactive materials for learning Danish. Reading, listening, conversations, grammar, word lists, flashcards and much more.
;Date and time
: 17:50, 10 September 2026 (UTC)
;Comments
&lt;!-- Please leave this area blank for now, but be prepared to answer questions left by reviewing editors. Thanks! --&gt;

== ActStuffOGWiki ==

;Username
: [[:b:User:ActStuffOGWiki|ActStuffOGWiki]]&lt;span class=&quot;noprint&quot;&gt; {{toolbar|separator=dot
|[[:b:User talk:ActStuffOGWiki|discuss]]
|[[:b:Special:Emailuser/ActStuffOGWiki|email]]
|[[:b:Special:Contributions/ActStuffOGWiki|contribs]]
|[{{fullurl:b:Special:Log|user={{urlencode:ActStuffOGWiki}}}} &lt;span style{{=}}&quot;color:#002bb8&quot;&gt;logs&lt;/span&gt;]
|[//tools.wmflabs.org/xtools/pcount/index.php?lang{{=}}en&amp;wiki{{=}}wikibooks&amp;name{{=}}{{urlencode:ActStuffOGWiki}} &lt;span style{{=}}&quot;color:#002bb8&quot;&gt;count&lt;/span&gt;]
}}&lt;/span&gt; (&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[{{fullurl:Special:AbuseLog|wpSearchUser=ActStuffOGWiki}} filter log]&lt;/span&gt;)
;Page you were editing
: [[Indian Railways/History]] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;([{{fullurl:Special:AbuseLog|wpSearchTitle=Indian+Railways%2FHistory}} filter log]) ([{{fullurl:Special:AbuseLog|wpSearchTitle=Indian+Railways%2FHistory&amp;wpSearchUser=ActStuffOGWiki}} user filter log])&lt;/span&gt;
;Description
: It says I added a &quot;large amount of content&quot; to this page. Even though I did copy paste the Introduction, the rest was me typing.
;Date and time
: 08:49, 18 September 2026 (UTC)
;Comments
&lt;!-- Please leave this area blank for now, but be prepared to answer questions left by reviewing editors. Thanks! --&gt;

== ActStuffOGWiki ==

;Username
: [[:b:User:ActStuffOGWiki|ActStuffOGWiki]]&lt;span class=&quot;noprint&quot;&gt; {{toolbar|separator=dot
|[[:b:User talk:ActStuffOGWiki|discuss]]
|[[:b:Special:Emailuser/ActStuffOGWiki|email]]
|[[:b:Special:Contributions/ActStuffOGWiki|contribs]]
|[{{fullurl:b:Special:Log|user={{urlencode:ActStuffOGWiki}}}} &lt;span style{{=}}&quot;color:#002bb8&quot;&gt;logs&lt;/span&gt;]
|[//tools.wmflabs.org/xtools/pcount/index.php?lang{{=}}en&amp;wiki{{=}}wikibooks&amp;name{{=}}{{urlencode:ActStuffOGWiki}} &lt;span style{{=}}&quot;color:#002bb8&quot;&gt;count&lt;/span&gt;]
}}&lt;/span&gt; (&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[{{fullurl:Special:AbuseLog|wpSearchUser=ActStuffOGWiki}} filter log]&lt;/span&gt;)
;Page you were editing
: [[Indian Railways/History]] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;([{{fullurl:Special:AbuseLog|wpSearchTitle=Indian+Railways%2FHistory}} filter log]) ([{{fullurl:Special:AbuseLog|wpSearchTitle=Indian+Railways%2FHistory&amp;wpSearchUser=ActStuffOGWiki}} user filter log])&lt;/span&gt;
;Description
: ''Note: This page is not published yet. '' I tried to make this page normally, but the [[Wikibooks:edit filter|edit filter]] told that there has been a '''large amount of content''' added. I did it again but copy-pasted sentence by sentence because I didn't want to type the whole thing again. It still says the same warning.
;Date and time
: 09:02, 18 September 2026 (UTC)
;Comments
&lt;!-- Please leave this area blank for now, but be prepared to answer questions left by reviewing editors. Thanks! --&gt;

== Benson Benjamin. M ==

;Username
: [[:b:User:Benson Benjamin. M|Benson Benjamin. M]]&lt;span class=&quot;noprint&quot;&gt; {{toolbar|separator=dot
|[[:b:User talk:Benson Benjamin. M|discuss]]
|[[:b:Special:Emailuser/Benson Benjamin. M|email]]
|[[:b:Special:Contributions/Benson Benjamin. M|contribs]]
|[{{fullurl:b:Special:Log|user={{urlencode:Benson Benjamin. M}}}} &lt;span style{{=}}&quot;color:#002bb8&quot;&gt;logs&lt;/span&gt;]
|[//tools.wmflabs.org/xtools/pcount/index.php?lang{{=}}en&amp;wiki{{=}}wikibooks&amp;name{{=}}{{urlencode:Benson Benjamin. M}} &lt;span style{{=}}&quot;color:#002bb8&quot;&gt;count&lt;/span&gt;]
}}&lt;/span&gt; (&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[{{fullurl:Special:AbuseLog|wpSearchUser=Benson+Benjamin.+M}} filter log]&lt;/span&gt;)
;Page you were editing
: Page not specified
;Description
: 
;Date and time
: 13:19, 28 September 2026 (UTC)
;Comments
&lt;!-- Please leave this area blank for now, but be prepared to answer questions left by reviewing editors. Thanks! --&gt;
: {{EFFP|notdone}}  – [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 13:12, 21 October 2026 (UTC)

== ~2026-56325-65 ==

;Username
: [[:b:User:~2026-56325-65|~2026-56325-65]]&lt;span class=&quot;noprint&quot;&gt; {{toolbar|separator=dot
|[[:b:User talk:~2026-56325-65|discuss]]
|[[:b:Special:Emailuser/~2026-56325-65|email]]
|[[:b:Special:Contributions/~2026-56325-65|contribs]]
|[{{fullurl:b:Special:Log|user={{urlencode:~2026-56325-65}}}} &lt;span style{{=}}&quot;color:#002bb8&quot;&gt;logs&lt;/span&gt;]
|[//tools.wmflabs.org/xtools/pcount/index.php?lang{{=}}en&amp;wiki{{=}}wikibooks&amp;name{{=}}{{urlencode:~2026-56325-65}} &lt;span style{{=}}&quot;color:#002bb8&quot;&gt;count&lt;/span&gt;]
}}&lt;/span&gt; (&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[{{fullurl:Special:AbuseLog|wpSearchUser=%7E2026-56325-65}} filter log]&lt;/span&gt;)
;Page you were editing
: [[https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Funding_and_Finance_of_Transportation_Projects_in_the_United_States_of_America]] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;([{{fullurl:Special:AbuseLog|wpSearchTitle=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fwiki%2FFunding_and_Finance_of_Transportation_Projects_in_the_United_States_of_America}} filter log]) ([{{fullurl:Special:AbuseLog|wpSearchTitle=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fwiki%2FFunding_and_Finance_of_Transportation_Projects_in_the_United_States_of_America&amp;wpSearchUser=%7E2026-56325-65}} user filter log])&lt;/span&gt;
;Description
: i was told to divide my page into chapters which I did and after that i wanted to delete  the actual material from the Table of Contents page but the system thought I was deleting a lot of material.
;Date and time
: 10:01, 21 October 2026 (UTC)
;Comments
&lt;!-- Please leave this area blank for now, but be prepared to answer questions left by reviewing editors. Thanks! --&gt;
: {{EFFP|fixed}} by myself. {{ping|~2026-56325-65}} Feel free to retry your edit(s) again. I included an exemption for the filter. – [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 13:12, 21 October 2026 (UTC)

== Ruby Rupshikha ==
Hello,
I was trying to submit a request for undeletion of my deleted sandbox page (User:Ruby Rupshikha Meher/sandbox).

My request was a genuine appeal asking for clarification regarding the deletion and acknowledging the concerns about AI-generated content. However, an automated edit filter prevented me from publishing the request.
Could someone please review this edit and help me understand why it was blocked?

I am trying to follow Wikibooks' policies and participate constructively in the community.
Thank you for your assistance.</text>
      <sha1>sgy7qu4qm94f96pyeinpx0thswqczn3</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4680547</id>
      <parentid>4680541</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T18:42:45Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ruby Rupshikha Meher</username>
        <id>3628921</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* {{subst:currentuser}}{{subst:^|DO NOT EDIT THIS LINE}} */ new section</comment>
      <origin>4680547</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="9901" sha1="2y2covufjlu0ak80gdev9fn8czm8kbr" xml:space="preserve">__NONEWSECTIONLINK__ __NOINDEX__ {{Wikibooks:Edit filter/False positives/Header}} {{shortcut|WB:EFFP}} {{User:MiszaBot/config
|archive = Wikibooks:Edit filter/False positives/Archive %(counter)d
|algo = old(75d)
|counter = 5
|maxarchivesize = 150K
|minthreadstoarchive = 1
|minthreadsleft = 3
}}

== ~2026-49041-81 ==

;Username
: [[:b:User:~2026-49041-81|~2026-49041-81]]&lt;span class=&quot;noprint&quot;&gt; {{toolbar|separator=dot
|[[:b:User talk:~2026-49041-81|discuss]]
|[[:b:Special:Emailuser/~2026-49041-81|email]]
|[[:b:Special:Contributions/~2026-49041-81|contribs]]
|[{{fullurl:b:Special:Log|user={{urlencode:~2026-49041-81}}}} &lt;span style{{=}}&quot;color:#002bb8&quot;&gt;logs&lt;/span&gt;]
|[//tools.wmflabs.org/xtools/pcount/index.php?lang{{=}}en&amp;wiki{{=}}wikibooks&amp;name{{=}}{{urlencode:~2026-49041-81}} &lt;span style{{=}}&quot;color:#002bb8&quot;&gt;count&lt;/span&gt;]
}}&lt;/span&gt; (&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[{{fullurl:Special:AbuseLog|wpSearchUser=%7E2026-49041-81}} filter log]&lt;/span&gt;)
;Page you were editing
: [[Danish]] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;([{{fullurl:Special:AbuseLog|wpSearchTitle=Danish}} filter log]) ([{{fullurl:Special:AbuseLog|wpSearchTitle=Danish&amp;wpSearchUser=%7E2026-49041-81}} user filter log])&lt;/span&gt;
;Description
: Tried to add this link to my-danish-tutor.com This one has a ton of free resources and interactive materials for learning Danish. Reading, listening, conversations, grammar, word lists, flashcards and much more.
;Date and time
: 17:50, 10 September 2026 (UTC)
;Comments
&lt;!-- Please leave this area blank for now, but be prepared to answer questions left by reviewing editors. Thanks! --&gt;

== ActStuffOGWiki ==

;Username
: [[:b:User:ActStuffOGWiki|ActStuffOGWiki]]&lt;span class=&quot;noprint&quot;&gt; {{toolbar|separator=dot
|[[:b:User talk:ActStuffOGWiki|discuss]]
|[[:b:Special:Emailuser/ActStuffOGWiki|email]]
|[[:b:Special:Contributions/ActStuffOGWiki|contribs]]
|[{{fullurl:b:Special:Log|user={{urlencode:ActStuffOGWiki}}}} &lt;span style{{=}}&quot;color:#002bb8&quot;&gt;logs&lt;/span&gt;]
|[//tools.wmflabs.org/xtools/pcount/index.php?lang{{=}}en&amp;wiki{{=}}wikibooks&amp;name{{=}}{{urlencode:ActStuffOGWiki}} &lt;span style{{=}}&quot;color:#002bb8&quot;&gt;count&lt;/span&gt;]
}}&lt;/span&gt; (&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[{{fullurl:Special:AbuseLog|wpSearchUser=ActStuffOGWiki}} filter log]&lt;/span&gt;)
;Page you were editing
: [[Indian Railways/History]] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;([{{fullurl:Special:AbuseLog|wpSearchTitle=Indian+Railways%2FHistory}} filter log]) ([{{fullurl:Special:AbuseLog|wpSearchTitle=Indian+Railways%2FHistory&amp;wpSearchUser=ActStuffOGWiki}} user filter log])&lt;/span&gt;
;Description
: It says I added a &quot;large amount of content&quot; to this page. Even though I did copy paste the Introduction, the rest was me typing.
;Date and time
: 08:49, 18 September 2026 (UTC)
;Comments
&lt;!-- Please leave this area blank for now, but be prepared to answer questions left by reviewing editors. Thanks! --&gt;

== ActStuffOGWiki ==

;Username
: [[:b:User:ActStuffOGWiki|ActStuffOGWiki]]&lt;span class=&quot;noprint&quot;&gt; {{toolbar|separator=dot
|[[:b:User talk:ActStuffOGWiki|discuss]]
|[[:b:Special:Emailuser/ActStuffOGWiki|email]]
|[[:b:Special:Contributions/ActStuffOGWiki|contribs]]
|[{{fullurl:b:Special:Log|user={{urlencode:ActStuffOGWiki}}}} &lt;span style{{=}}&quot;color:#002bb8&quot;&gt;logs&lt;/span&gt;]
|[//tools.wmflabs.org/xtools/pcount/index.php?lang{{=}}en&amp;wiki{{=}}wikibooks&amp;name{{=}}{{urlencode:ActStuffOGWiki}} &lt;span style{{=}}&quot;color:#002bb8&quot;&gt;count&lt;/span&gt;]
}}&lt;/span&gt; (&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[{{fullurl:Special:AbuseLog|wpSearchUser=ActStuffOGWiki}} filter log]&lt;/span&gt;)
;Page you were editing
: [[Indian Railways/History]] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;([{{fullurl:Special:AbuseLog|wpSearchTitle=Indian+Railways%2FHistory}} filter log]) ([{{fullurl:Special:AbuseLog|wpSearchTitle=Indian+Railways%2FHistory&amp;wpSearchUser=ActStuffOGWiki}} user filter log])&lt;/span&gt;
;Description
: ''Note: This page is not published yet. '' I tried to make this page normally, but the [[Wikibooks:edit filter|edit filter]] told that there has been a '''large amount of content''' added. I did it again but copy-pasted sentence by sentence because I didn't want to type the whole thing again. It still says the same warning.
;Date and time
: 09:02, 18 September 2026 (UTC)
;Comments
&lt;!-- Please leave this area blank for now, but be prepared to answer questions left by reviewing editors. Thanks! --&gt;

== Benson Benjamin. M ==

;Username
: [[:b:User:Benson Benjamin. M|Benson Benjamin. M]]&lt;span class=&quot;noprint&quot;&gt; {{toolbar|separator=dot
|[[:b:User talk:Benson Benjamin. M|discuss]]
|[[:b:Special:Emailuser/Benson Benjamin. M|email]]
|[[:b:Special:Contributions/Benson Benjamin. M|contribs]]
|[{{fullurl:b:Special:Log|user={{urlencode:Benson Benjamin. M}}}} &lt;span style{{=}}&quot;color:#002bb8&quot;&gt;logs&lt;/span&gt;]
|[//tools.wmflabs.org/xtools/pcount/index.php?lang{{=}}en&amp;wiki{{=}}wikibooks&amp;name{{=}}{{urlencode:Benson Benjamin. M}} &lt;span style{{=}}&quot;color:#002bb8&quot;&gt;count&lt;/span&gt;]
}}&lt;/span&gt; (&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[{{fullurl:Special:AbuseLog|wpSearchUser=Benson+Benjamin.+M}} filter log]&lt;/span&gt;)
;Page you were editing
: Page not specified
;Description
: 
;Date and time
: 13:19, 28 September 2026 (UTC)
;Comments
&lt;!-- Please leave this area blank for now, but be prepared to answer questions left by reviewing editors. Thanks! --&gt;
: {{EFFP|notdone}}  – [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 13:12, 21 October 2026 (UTC)

== ~2026-56325-65 ==

;Username
: [[:b:User:~2026-56325-65|~2026-56325-65]]&lt;span class=&quot;noprint&quot;&gt; {{toolbar|separator=dot
|[[:b:User talk:~2026-56325-65|discuss]]
|[[:b:Special:Emailuser/~2026-56325-65|email]]
|[[:b:Special:Contributions/~2026-56325-65|contribs]]
|[{{fullurl:b:Special:Log|user={{urlencode:~2026-56325-65}}}} &lt;span style{{=}}&quot;color:#002bb8&quot;&gt;logs&lt;/span&gt;]
|[//tools.wmflabs.org/xtools/pcount/index.php?lang{{=}}en&amp;wiki{{=}}wikibooks&amp;name{{=}}{{urlencode:~2026-56325-65}} &lt;span style{{=}}&quot;color:#002bb8&quot;&gt;count&lt;/span&gt;]
}}&lt;/span&gt; (&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[{{fullurl:Special:AbuseLog|wpSearchUser=%7E2026-56325-65}} filter log]&lt;/span&gt;)
;Page you were editing
: [[https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Funding_and_Finance_of_Transportation_Projects_in_the_United_States_of_America]] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;([{{fullurl:Special:AbuseLog|wpSearchTitle=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fwiki%2FFunding_and_Finance_of_Transportation_Projects_in_the_United_States_of_America}} filter log]) ([{{fullurl:Special:AbuseLog|wpSearchTitle=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fwiki%2FFunding_and_Finance_of_Transportation_Projects_in_the_United_States_of_America&amp;wpSearchUser=%7E2026-56325-65}} user filter log])&lt;/span&gt;
;Description
: i was told to divide my page into chapters which I did and after that i wanted to delete  the actual material from the Table of Contents page but the system thought I was deleting a lot of material.
;Date and time
: 10:01, 21 October 2026 (UTC)
;Comments
&lt;!-- Please leave this area blank for now, but be prepared to answer questions left by reviewing editors. Thanks! --&gt;
: {{EFFP|fixed}} by myself. {{ping|~2026-56325-65}} Feel free to retry your edit(s) again. I included an exemption for the filter. – [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 13:12, 21 October 2026 (UTC)

== Ruby Rupshikha ==
Hello,
I was trying to submit a request for undeletion of my deleted sandbox page (User:Ruby Rupshikha Meher/sandbox).

My request was a genuine appeal asking for clarification regarding the deletion and acknowledging the concerns about AI-generated content. However, an automated edit filter prevented me from publishing the request.
Could someone please review this edit and help me understand why it was blocked?

I am trying to follow Wikibooks' policies and participate constructively in the community.
Thank you for your assistance.

== Ruby Rupshikha Meher ==

;Username
: [[:b:User:Ruby Rupshikha Meher|Ruby Rupshikha Meher]]&lt;span class=&quot;noprint&quot;&gt; {{toolbar|separator=dot
|[[:b:User talk:Ruby Rupshikha Meher|discuss]]
|[[:b:Special:Emailuser/Ruby Rupshikha Meher|email]]
|[[:b:Special:Contributions/Ruby Rupshikha Meher|contribs]]
|[{{fullurl:b:Special:Log|user={{urlencode:Ruby Rupshikha Meher}}}} &lt;span style{{=}}&quot;color:#002bb8&quot;&gt;logs&lt;/span&gt;]
|[//tools.wmflabs.org/xtools/pcount/index.php?lang{{=}}en&amp;wiki{{=}}wikibooks&amp;name{{=}}{{urlencode:Ruby Rupshikha Meher}} &lt;span style{{=}}&quot;color:#002bb8&quot;&gt;count&lt;/span&gt;]
}}&lt;/span&gt; (&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[{{fullurl:Special:AbuseLog|wpSearchUser=Ruby+Rupshikha+Meher}} filter log]&lt;/span&gt;)
;Page you were editing
: [[I am trying to make and submit a genuine request for undeletion of my deleted sandbox page (User:Ruby Rupshikha Meher/sandbox).]] &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;([{{fullurl:Special:AbuseLog|wpSearchTitle=I+am+trying+to+make+and+submit+a+genuine+request+for+undeletion+of+my+deleted+sandbox+page+%28User%3ARuby+Rupshikha+Meher%2Fsandbox%29.}} filter log]) ([{{fullurl:Special:AbuseLog|wpSearchTitle=I+am+trying+to+make+and+submit+a+genuine+request+for+undeletion+of+my+deleted+sandbox+page+%28User%3ARuby+Rupshikha+Meher%2Fsandbox%29.&amp;wpSearchUser=Ruby+Rupshikha+Meher}} user filter log])&lt;/span&gt;
;Description
: My request politely acknowledges that I used ChatGPT to generate most of the original Li-Fi blog content. I am asking for clarification about the deletion and reconsideration, not attempting to republish the deleted material. But when I click Publish changes on the Requests for undeletion page, I receive the message:
&quot;An automated filter has identified this edit as potentially unconstructive, so it has been disallowed.&quot;

I have not received any filter number or additional explanation. Could an administrator please help me understand why this edit was blocked?
Thank you.
;Date and time
: 18:42, 6 November 2026 (UTC)
;Comments
&lt;!-- Please leave this area blank for now, but be prepared to answer questions left by reviewing editors. Thanks! --&gt;</text>
      <sha1>2y2covufjlu0ak80gdev9fn8czm8kbr</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Wikijunior:The Elements/Krypton</title>
    <ns>110</ns>
    <id>410694</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4680396</id>
      <parentid>4678945</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T13:31:07Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>How hardy</username>
        <id>3627644</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>/* What are its uses? */</comment>
      <origin>4680396</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3142" sha1="0k20sl6jh3vi5eny2r77ed17lho01ul" xml:space="preserve">__NOTOC__

[[File:Kr-TableImage.svg|thumb|left|500px|Shows the position of krypton on the periodic chart.]]
[[File:Krypton.svg|thumb|55px|Krypton's symbol on the Periodic Table]]
{{clear}}
==What does it look, feel, taste, or smell like?==
Krypton is an odorless and colorless gas. 

In the gaseous state, krypton sometimes emits green and yellow light. In the solid state it is white. Since krypton is a gas under normal conditions, it has no tactile texture or feel. If inhaled, it would feel heavier than air. It has no smell. Krypton has no taste because it does not react with taste receptors on the tongue.

==How was it discovered?==
It was discovered on May 30, 1898, by Sir William Ramsay, a Scottish chemist, and Morris M. Travers, an English chemist. They discovered it by boiling liquified air and some of the liquid that was left was krypton. Due to krypton's (relatively) high boiling point at -153.415 C, the more abundant gases or low boiling point gases evaporated and what was left was krypton.

The method they used was called fractional distillation. Components were removed one-by-one from the evaporated liquid air. A tiny residue remained after oxygen, nitrogen, and other gases were removed. The residue was krypton, a previously unknown noble gas.
[[File:Electron shell 036 Krypton.svg|thumb|Krypton element form]]

==Where did its name come from?==
The name comes from the Greek word ''kryptos'', which translates to English as hidden.

==Where is it found?==
The only source for krypton is the Earth’s atmosphere. It is believed that the Earth’s atmosphere is around 0.0001% krypton gas.

This means for every one-million molecules of air there is only one molecule of krypton. Krypton was present in our solar system before the planets formed 4.6 million years ago.

It is found in the atmospheres of Mars, Saturn, Jupiter, Uranus, Neptune, and Earth. Krypton is trapped there by gravity. It also exists in other space bodies such as ancient meteorites and comets. Krypton has been detected in the outer layers of gas and plasma in the Sun's atmosphere. Scientists know this from observing krypton's special wavelengths called &quot;spectral lines&quot;.

==What are its uses?==
[[File:KrTube.jpg|thumb|left|Krypton gas discharge tube]]
Krypton is used as a filling gas in fluorescent light. It is used for flash lamps and high-speed photography. It can be used for lasers. It was used in the Cold War to measure Soviet nuclear production.

==Is it dangerous?==
Krypton is an odorless and colorless gas. Since it is a [[{{BOOKNAME}}/Elements#Noble Gases|noble gas]], it is inactive. Noble gases barely react to anything, so they are not considered dangerous. The only gas krypton reacts to is Fluorine which creates krypton difluoride.

== References ==
Beyond The Elements. (2023). '''Krypton: This gas powered both lasers and spacecraft''' [Video]. YouTube. &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N0Gw6-xMLlo&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; (youtube.com in Bing)

Encyclopaedia Britannica. (n.d.). Krypton. In Britannica. Retrieved October 29, 2026, from &lt;nowiki&gt;https://www.britannica.com/science/krypton&lt;/nowiki&gt;

{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>0k20sl6jh3vi5eny2r77ed17lho01ul</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4680397</id>
      <parentid>4680396</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T13:32:56Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>How hardy</username>
        <id>3627644</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>/* Is it dangerous? */</comment>
      <origin>4680397</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3160" sha1="ff4g11099se1fle4qmqmrkv015siju2" xml:space="preserve">__NOTOC__

[[File:Kr-TableImage.svg|thumb|left|500px|Shows the position of krypton on the periodic chart.]]
[[File:Krypton.svg|thumb|55px|Krypton's symbol on the Periodic Table]]
{{clear}}
==What does it look, feel, taste, or smell like?==
Krypton is an odorless and colorless gas. 

In the gaseous state, krypton sometimes emits green and yellow light. In the solid state it is white. Since krypton is a gas under normal conditions, it has no tactile texture or feel. If inhaled, it would feel heavier than air. It has no smell. Krypton has no taste because it does not react with taste receptors on the tongue.

==How was it discovered?==
It was discovered on May 30, 1898, by Sir William Ramsay, a Scottish chemist, and Morris M. Travers, an English chemist. They discovered it by boiling liquified air and some of the liquid that was left was krypton. Due to krypton's (relatively) high boiling point at -153.415 C, the more abundant gases or low boiling point gases evaporated and what was left was krypton.

The method they used was called fractional distillation. Components were removed one-by-one from the evaporated liquid air. A tiny residue remained after oxygen, nitrogen, and other gases were removed. The residue was krypton, a previously unknown noble gas.
[[File:Electron shell 036 Krypton.svg|thumb|Krypton element form]]

==Where did its name come from?==
The name comes from the Greek word ''kryptos'', which translates to English as hidden.

==Where is it found?==
The only source for krypton is the Earth’s atmosphere. It is believed that the Earth’s atmosphere is around 0.0001% krypton gas.

This means for every one-million molecules of air there is only one molecule of krypton. Krypton was present in our solar system before the planets formed 4.6 million years ago.

It is found in the atmospheres of Mars, Saturn, Jupiter, Uranus, Neptune, and Earth. Krypton is trapped there by gravity. It also exists in other space bodies such as ancient meteorites and comets. Krypton has been detected in the outer layers of gas and plasma in the Sun's atmosphere. Scientists know this from observing krypton's special wavelengths called &quot;spectral lines&quot;.

==What are its uses?==
[[File:KrTube.jpg|thumb|left|Krypton gas discharge tube]]
Krypton is used as a filling gas in fluorescent light. It is used for flash lamps and high-speed photography. It can be used for lasers. It was used in the Cold War to measure Soviet nuclear production.

==Is it dangerous?==
Krypton is an odorless and colorless gas. Since it is a [[{{BOOKNAME}}/Elements#Noble Gases|noble gas]], it is inactive. Noble gases barely react to anything, so they are not considered dangerous. The only gas krypton reacts to is fluorine which creates a compound called krypton difluoride.

== References ==
Beyond The Elements. (2023). '''Krypton: This gas powered both lasers and spacecraft''' [Video]. YouTube. &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N0Gw6-xMLlo&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; (youtube.com in Bing)

Encyclopaedia Britannica. (n.d.). Krypton. In Britannica. Retrieved October 29, 2026, from &lt;nowiki&gt;https://www.britannica.com/science/krypton&lt;/nowiki&gt;

{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>ff4g11099se1fle4qmqmrkv015siju2</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4680583</id>
      <parentid>4680397</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T23:04:53Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>How hardy</username>
        <id>3627644</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>/* Where did its name come from? */ Added information.</comment>
      <origin>4680583</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3379" sha1="5c3j28zhgwrycfah358idy9lz718v78" xml:space="preserve">__NOTOC__

[[File:Kr-TableImage.svg|thumb|left|500px|Shows the position of krypton on the periodic chart.]]
[[File:Krypton.svg|thumb|55px|Krypton's symbol on the Periodic Table]]
{{clear}}
==What does it look, feel, taste, or smell like?==
Krypton is an odorless and colorless gas. 

In the gaseous state, krypton sometimes emits green and yellow light. In the solid state it is white. Since krypton is a gas under normal conditions, it has no tactile texture or feel. If inhaled, it would feel heavier than air. It has no smell. Krypton has no taste because it does not react with taste receptors on the tongue.

==How was it discovered?==
It was discovered on May 30, 1898, by Sir William Ramsay, a Scottish chemist, and Morris M. Travers, an English chemist. They discovered it by boiling liquified air and some of the liquid that was left was krypton. Due to krypton's (relatively) high boiling point at -153.415 C, the more abundant gases or low boiling point gases evaporated and what was left was krypton.

The method they used was called fractional distillation. Components were removed one-by-one from the evaporated liquid air. A tiny residue remained after oxygen, nitrogen, and other gases were removed. The residue was krypton, a previously unknown noble gas.
[[File:Electron shell 036 Krypton.svg|thumb|Krypton element form]]

==Where did its name come from?==
The name comes from the Greek word ''kryptos'', which translates to English as hidden.

Krypton is present in the atmosphere in very small amounts. It had escaped detection for many years. Ramsey and Travers chose the name &quot;krypton&quot; (the hidden one) because the new element had been hidden in plain sight.

==Where is it found?==
The only source for krypton is the Earth’s atmosphere. It is believed that the Earth’s atmosphere is around 0.0001% krypton gas.

This means for every one-million molecules of air there is only one molecule of krypton. Krypton was present in our solar system before the planets formed 4.6 million years ago.

It is found in the atmospheres of Mars, Saturn, Jupiter, Uranus, Neptune, and Earth. Krypton is trapped there by gravity. It also exists in other space bodies such as ancient meteorites and comets. Krypton has been detected in the outer layers of gas and plasma in the Sun's atmosphere. Scientists know this from observing krypton's special wavelengths called &quot;spectral lines&quot;.

==What are its uses?==
[[File:KrTube.jpg|thumb|left|Krypton gas discharge tube]]
Krypton is used as a filling gas in fluorescent light. It is used for flash lamps and high-speed photography. It can be used for lasers. It was used in the Cold War to measure Soviet nuclear production.

==Is it dangerous?==
Krypton is an odorless and colorless gas. Since it is a [[{{BOOKNAME}}/Elements#Noble Gases|noble gas]], it is inactive. Noble gases barely react to anything, so they are not considered dangerous. The only gas krypton reacts to is fluorine which creates a compound called krypton difluoride.

== References ==
Beyond The Elements. (2023). '''Krypton: This gas powered both lasers and spacecraft''' [Video]. YouTube. &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N0Gw6-xMLlo&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; (youtube.com in Bing)

Encyclopaedia Britannica. (n.d.). Krypton. In Britannica. Retrieved October 29, 2026, from &lt;nowiki&gt;https://www.britannica.com/science/krypton&lt;/nowiki&gt;

{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>5c3j28zhgwrycfah358idy9lz718v78</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4680586</id>
      <parentid>4680583</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T23:08:17Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>How hardy</username>
        <id>3627644</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* References */ Added a source.</comment>
      <origin>4680586</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3438" sha1="se5fy4lp8e3ih68d6m5i85mz1sa7thv" xml:space="preserve">__NOTOC__

[[File:Kr-TableImage.svg|thumb|left|500px|Shows the position of krypton on the periodic chart.]]
[[File:Krypton.svg|thumb|55px|Krypton's symbol on the Periodic Table]]
{{clear}}
==What does it look, feel, taste, or smell like?==
Krypton is an odorless and colorless gas. 

In the gaseous state, krypton sometimes emits green and yellow light. In the solid state it is white. Since krypton is a gas under normal conditions, it has no tactile texture or feel. If inhaled, it would feel heavier than air. It has no smell. Krypton has no taste because it does not react with taste receptors on the tongue.

==How was it discovered?==
It was discovered on May 30, 1898, by Sir William Ramsay, a Scottish chemist, and Morris M. Travers, an English chemist. They discovered it by boiling liquified air and some of the liquid that was left was krypton. Due to krypton's (relatively) high boiling point at -153.415 C, the more abundant gases or low boiling point gases evaporated and what was left was krypton.

The method they used was called fractional distillation. Components were removed one-by-one from the evaporated liquid air. A tiny residue remained after oxygen, nitrogen, and other gases were removed. The residue was krypton, a previously unknown noble gas.
[[File:Electron shell 036 Krypton.svg|thumb|Krypton element form]]

==Where did its name come from?==
The name comes from the Greek word ''kryptos'', which translates to English as hidden.

Krypton is present in the atmosphere in very small amounts. It had escaped detection for many years. Ramsey and Travers chose the name &quot;krypton&quot; (the hidden one) because the new element had been hidden in plain sight.

==Where is it found?==
The only source for krypton is the Earth’s atmosphere. It is believed that the Earth’s atmosphere is around 0.0001% krypton gas.

This means for every one-million molecules of air there is only one molecule of krypton. Krypton was present in our solar system before the planets formed 4.6 million years ago.

It is found in the atmospheres of Mars, Saturn, Jupiter, Uranus, Neptune, and Earth. Krypton is trapped there by gravity. It also exists in other space bodies such as ancient meteorites and comets. Krypton has been detected in the outer layers of gas and plasma in the Sun's atmosphere. Scientists know this from observing krypton's special wavelengths called &quot;spectral lines&quot;.

==What are its uses?==
[[File:KrTube.jpg|thumb|left|Krypton gas discharge tube]]
Krypton is used as a filling gas in fluorescent light. It is used for flash lamps and high-speed photography. It can be used for lasers. It was used in the Cold War to measure Soviet nuclear production.

==Is it dangerous?==
Krypton is an odorless and colorless gas. Since it is a [[{{BOOKNAME}}/Elements#Noble Gases|noble gas]], it is inactive. Noble gases barely react to anything, so they are not considered dangerous. The only gas krypton reacts to is fluorine which creates a compound called krypton difluoride.

== References ==


Beyond The Elements. (2023). '''Krypton: This gas powered both lasers and spacecraft''' [Video]. YouTube. &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N0Gw6-xMLlo&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; (youtube.com in Bing)

Encyclopaedia Britannica. (n.d.). Krypton. In Britannica. Retrieved October 29, 2026, from &lt;nowiki&gt;https://www.britannica.com/science/krypton&lt;/nowiki&gt;

Krypton-Etymology, origins and meaning. Etymontine.com 

{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>se5fy4lp8e3ih68d6m5i85mz1sa7thv</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4680588</id>
      <parentid>4680586</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T23:12:29Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>How hardy</username>
        <id>3627644</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>/* References */ Corrected format for source</comment>
      <origin>4680588</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3558" sha1="goyemx4raeky6rrlgrjcvd88q9thp6s" xml:space="preserve">__NOTOC__

[[File:Kr-TableImage.svg|thumb|left|500px|Shows the position of krypton on the periodic chart.]]
[[File:Krypton.svg|thumb|55px|Krypton's symbol on the Periodic Table]]
{{clear}}
==What does it look, feel, taste, or smell like?==
Krypton is an odorless and colorless gas. 

In the gaseous state, krypton sometimes emits green and yellow light. In the solid state it is white. Since krypton is a gas under normal conditions, it has no tactile texture or feel. If inhaled, it would feel heavier than air. It has no smell. Krypton has no taste because it does not react with taste receptors on the tongue.

==How was it discovered?==
It was discovered on May 30, 1898, by Sir William Ramsay, a Scottish chemist, and Morris M. Travers, an English chemist. They discovered it by boiling liquified air and some of the liquid that was left was krypton. Due to krypton's (relatively) high boiling point at -153.415 C, the more abundant gases or low boiling point gases evaporated and what was left was krypton.

The method they used was called fractional distillation. Components were removed one-by-one from the evaporated liquid air. A tiny residue remained after oxygen, nitrogen, and other gases were removed. The residue was krypton, a previously unknown noble gas.
[[File:Electron shell 036 Krypton.svg|thumb|Krypton element form]]

==Where did its name come from?==
The name comes from the Greek word ''kryptos'', which translates to English as hidden.

Krypton is present in the atmosphere in very small amounts. It had escaped detection for many years. Ramsey and Travers chose the name &quot;krypton&quot; (the hidden one) because the new element had been hidden in plain sight.

==Where is it found?==
The only source for krypton is the Earth’s atmosphere. It is believed that the Earth’s atmosphere is around 0.0001% krypton gas.

This means for every one-million molecules of air there is only one molecule of krypton. Krypton was present in our solar system before the planets formed 4.6 million years ago.

It is found in the atmospheres of Mars, Saturn, Jupiter, Uranus, Neptune, and Earth. Krypton is trapped there by gravity. It also exists in other space bodies such as ancient meteorites and comets. Krypton has been detected in the outer layers of gas and plasma in the Sun's atmosphere. Scientists know this from observing krypton's special wavelengths called &quot;spectral lines&quot;.

==What are its uses?==
[[File:KrTube.jpg|thumb|left|Krypton gas discharge tube]]
Krypton is used as a filling gas in fluorescent light. It is used for flash lamps and high-speed photography. It can be used for lasers. It was used in the Cold War to measure Soviet nuclear production.

==Is it dangerous?==
Krypton is an odorless and colorless gas. Since it is a [[{{BOOKNAME}}/Elements#Noble Gases|noble gas]], it is inactive. Noble gases barely react to anything, so they are not considered dangerous. The only gas krypton reacts to is fluorine which creates a compound called krypton difluoride.

== References ==


Beyond The Elements. (2023). '''Krypton: This gas powered both lasers and spacecraft''' [Video]. YouTube. &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N0Gw6-xMLlo&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; (youtube.com in Bing)

Encyclopaedia Britannica. (n.d.). Krypton. In Britannica. Retrieved October 29, 2026, from &lt;nowiki&gt;https://www.britannica.com/science/krypton&lt;/nowiki&gt;

Harper, D. (n.d.). ''Krypton''. In ''Online Etymology Dictionary''. Retrieved November 6, 2026, from &lt;nowiki&gt;https://www.etymonline.com/word/krypton&lt;/nowiki&gt; [etymonline.com] 

{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>goyemx4raeky6rrlgrjcvd88q9thp6s</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>History of video games/Games/Tetris</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>426523</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4680405</id>
      <parentid>4676385</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T14:08:45Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>CommonsDelinker</username>
        <id>49843</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Removing [[:c:File:Tetris_on_Game_Boy.jpg|Tetris_on_Game_Boy.jpg]], it has been deleted from Commons by [[:c:User:Infrogmation|Infrogmation]] because: per [[:c:Commons:Deletion requests/File:Tetris on Game Boy.jpg|]].</comment>
      <origin>4680405</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="971" sha1="7x2nwblq024bfx6swsjgxq2glq3lwuj" xml:space="preserve">== History ==
''Tetris'' is a falling block puzzle game developed by Alexey Pajitnov in 1984.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=Jacopo |first1=Prisco |title=Tetris: The Soviet 'mind game' that took over the world |url=https://www.cnn.com/style/article/tetris-video-game-history/index.html |access-date=12 June 2021 |work=CNN |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; It is perhaps the best known video game to have originated in the Soviet Union.

==Gallery==
&lt;gallery mode=&quot;slideshow&quot;&gt;
File:Emacs Tetris vector based detail.svg|A screenshot from a ''Tetris'' clone.
File:All 5 free tetrominoes.svg|Tetrominos, known as tetriminos in the ''Tetris'' community, the basic blocks of ''Tetris''.
File:Tetrominoes IJLO STZ Worlds.svg|Tetriminos in ''Tetris''.
File:E60M.JPG|The Electronika 60, the first computer to run ''Tetris''.
File:Alexey Pajitnov - 2575833305.jpg|Alexey Pajitnov in 2008.
&lt;/gallery&gt;

==References==
{{Wikipedia|Tetris}}
{{Commons category|Tetris}}
{{reflist}}

{{status|0}}
{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>7x2nwblq024bfx6swsjgxq2glq3lwuj</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>User talk:Kittycataclysm</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>442343</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4680531</id>
      <parentid>4680284</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T17:31:06Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Kittycataclysm</username>
        <id>3371989</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Clarification Regarding Deleted Wikibooks Sandbox and Future Contributions */ Reply</comment>
      <origin>4680531</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="106980" sha1="3uloed9xoesi2z5g5dda5kgr7cx05mv" xml:space="preserve">{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Talk Page Archives
|-
|[[User talk:Kittycataclysm/Archive 2022|2022]]
|[[User talk:Kittycataclysm/Archive 2023|2023]]
|[[User talk:Kittycataclysm/Archive 2024|2024]]

|}

== That IP range calculator ==

Following [[phab:T381138|T381138]], I have now become the maintainer of the IP range calculator you like. You can find it [[toolforge:ftools/general/ip-range-calc.html|here]]. [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]&lt;sub&gt;[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]&lt;sub&gt;[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/sub&gt; ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 23:10, 9 January 2025 (UTC)

:Thank you for the heads-up! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:56, 10 January 2025 (UTC)

== A merge and unmerge from two years ago ==

I was browsing through the history merge log when I saw that you merged [[Cookbook:Chicken Bog]] into [[Cookbook:Chicken Bog I]], and then promptly reverted it. What happened here exactly? Could I correct it? [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]&lt;sub&gt;[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]&lt;sub&gt;[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/sub&gt; ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 15:55, 10 January 2025 (UTC)

:Good question! I can't remember what I was trying to do, but it looks like I didn't succeed at what I wanted based on the log comment. You're just trying to history merge to get [[Cookbook:Chicken Bog I]] to have continuity of history? —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 16:35, 10 January 2025 (UTC)
::I think I figured out your mistake: it outright moved the revisions from the first page to the second, rather than copying them. This would have caused the other two [[Cookbook:Chicken Bog]] pages to have incomplete histories. I think the only solution would be to XML import the pre-April 2023 revisions from the first page to the other three, and I'm not sure if that's the best idea, and I am technically unable to do so. [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]&lt;sub&gt;[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]&lt;sub&gt;[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/sub&gt; ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 16:49, 10 January 2025 (UTC)

== Undeletion request ==

I wouldn't be surprised if you expected this, but I'd like to ask you to undelete the subpages of [[Rotorcraft Fundamentals]] you just deleted with the summary &quot;Use of copyrighted work without permission. Please read Terms of Use: page needs to be imported for attribution&quot;, so that I can do that. [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]&lt;sub&gt;[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]&lt;sub&gt;[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/sub&gt; ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 19:54, 14 January 2025 (UTC)

:Done! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 19:57, 14 January 2025 (UTC)
::Upon further investigation, this might actually be a rare case where an [[WB:UT|unmerged transwiki]] is ''preferred'' (this is part of why I stopped calling them &quot;bad transwikis&quot;), since only a small portion of the Wikipedia article (with over 2,000 revisions) was copied over. Importation is generally only needed if the ''majority'' of the page is copied across wikis. I'll just leave a null edit providing attribution and add {{tlx|Copied}}. [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]&lt;sub&gt;[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]&lt;sub&gt;[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/sub&gt; ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 21:19, 14 January 2025 (UTC)

== Reusing [[Cookbook:8 Desserts in 1 Pan]] on wikiHow ==

Hi, I am a user on wikiHow, see [[wikihow:User:Xeverything11]]. I would like to create a new recipe on wikiHow. I wanted to let us know if I can give permission to reuse your contributions to this recipe from Wikibooks to wikiHow. I (as a copyright holder) created this recipe on Wikibooks, but you contributed to this recipe.

If not, I'll use the revision before you contributed since I was the only author. 

Wikibooks uses CC-BY-SA 4.0 while wikiHow uses CC-BY-NC-SA 3.0, which both licenses are incompatible due to ShareAlike conditions.

Thanks [[User:Xeverything11|Xeverything11]] ([[User talk:Xeverything11|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Xeverything11|contribs]]) 08:27, 15 January 2025 (UTC)

:@[[User:Xeverything11|Xeverything11]] I'm personally fine with this as long as proper attribution is given back to the original recipe page here. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:52, 20 January 2025 (UTC)
::I adapted this [[wikihow:Make-8-Desserts-in-1-Pan|recipe]] on wikiHow with attribution, and got a Rising Star (an achievement used for best new articles on wikiHow). Thank you! [[User:Xeverything11|Xeverything11]] ([[User talk:Xeverything11|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Xeverything11|contribs]]) 19:49, 24 January 2025 (UTC)

== Wikibooks community ==

Hi, @[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]]!

I am trying to contribute more to English Wikibooks. My main contributions will focus on the Cookbook, especially on Indonesian recipes. Do you have a community group where we can discuss and share ideas together?

I am looking forward to join. Thank you!

[[User:Raflinoer32|Raflinoer32]] ([[User talk:Raflinoer32|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Raflinoer32|contribs]]) 08:47, 16 January 2025 (UTC)

:@[[User:Raflinoer32|Raflinoer32]] Sorry I missed this, and welcome! Are you asking about a Cookbook-specific area for discussion? Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:39, 20 January 2025 (UTC)
::Yes. Do you know place for this?
::Thank you 
::[[User:Raflinoer32|Raflinoer32]] ([[User talk:Raflinoer32|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Raflinoer32|contribs]]) 09:41, 21 January 2025 (UTC)
:::Honestly, there's not a centralized Cookbook-specific discussion space, especially since there aren't currently a ton of active contributors. Some people ask questions at [[Cookbook talk:Table of Contents]]. I'm currently the most consistently active and involved Cookbook editor, so feel free to ask me questions! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:46, 22 January 2025 (UTC)

== Congratulations! ==

[[File:Admin T-shirt.svg|thumb|You get this now.]]
You are now a permanent administrator. Welcome to the team (I am entitled to say this because I technically got the extension a few hours before you did)!{{FBDB}} [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]&lt;sub&gt;[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]&lt;sub&gt;[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/sub&gt; ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 10:33, 29 January 2025 (UTC)

:Thanks :) —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 13:29, 29 January 2025 (UTC)

== Is there a way to contact a Steward on WikiBooks? ==

Hi {{PAGENAME}},
Is there a way to contact a Steward on WB? I tried to find who the active Stewards are here  at [[Special:ActiveUsers?username=&amp;groups%5B%5D=steward&amp;wpFormIdentifier=specialactiveusers]] but nothing shows up.

The reason I am asking is that I believe that all individual Wikimania-wikis should have a backward link to the [[Wikimania-wiki]], but I just visited the [[wikimania 2014 wiki]] and could not  find this backward link. I tried to ask about this  on the [[Wikimania 2014 main-page talk]] but disovered that the Stewards have protected it. 

Is there a way  wikibookians can communicate with Stewards at WB? Thanks in advance for answering this non-urgent question, and apologies for all the red-links which I can bluify if needed. Cheers [[User:Ottawahitech|Ottawahitech]] ([[User talk:Ottawahitech|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Ottawahitech|contribs]]) 16:37, 7 February 2025 (UTC)

:@[[User:Ottawahitech|Ottawahitech]] You can ask this on somewhere like [[metawiki:Steward requests/Miscellaneous]]. [[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]] ([[User talk:Leaderboard|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Leaderboard|contribs]]) 17:01, 7 February 2025 (UTC)
&lt;s&gt;:@[[User:Ottawahitech|Ottawahitech]] seconding what Leaderboard said—we no longer have any active stewards at enWB.&lt;/s&gt; Had a brain fade there and mixed up stewards with bureaucrats. Yes, meta is the place for this. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 19:15, 7 February 2025 (UTC)
::@Kittycataclysm,@[[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]], or anyone else:
::Some wikibookians prefer for various reasons to post only at wb. I myself am indef-blocked at  META so could not participate at [[metawiki:Steward requests/Miscellaneous]] even if I waned to.
::Since [[Wikimania]] is a topic of interest to all members of the [[wikimedia movement]] why can't wikibookians talk to thier elected representatives here? [[User:Ottawahitech|Ottawahitech]] ([[User talk:Ottawahitech|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Ottawahitech|contribs]]) 20:56, 7 February 2025 (UTC)
:::@[[User:Ottawahitech|Ottawahitech]] I can check with the blocking admin to see if they'd be willing to unblock you, if you'd like. The reason things like these are done at Meta is that Meta is a cross-project coordination platform - stewards ''cannot'' be expected to watch every project after all. Now you could message any steward here on Wikibooks if you really wanted to, but that is not normally a good idea. [[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]] ([[User talk:Leaderboard|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Leaderboard|contribs]]) 02:26, 8 February 2025 (UTC)
::::Wikimania is the annual conference celebrating all the free knowledge projects hosted by the Wikimedia Foundation (WMF).  It is a wikimedia initiative which is meant to help all of our projects (including wikibooks), gain more readership, educate more wiki-editors, foster better communications, and much more.  The wmf has been hosting  a Wikimania-wiki dedicated to each Wikimania annual event since 2004. These wikis contain a wealth of information, but can  benefit from wiki-improvements, starting from spelling and grammar errors that detract from their to appeal to the general membership. It would be nice if Stewards paid more attention to it.
::::@[[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]], I truly appreciate your offer, but  I posted this here not in order to get someone to advocate for one unblocking at META. As I said earlier:
::::* &quot;Some wikibookians prefer for various reasons to post only at wb&quot;
::::* &quot;The reason I am asking is that I believe that all individual Wikimania-wikis should have a backward link to the Wikimania-wiki, but I just visited the wikimania 2014 wiki and could not find this backward link. I tried to ask about this on the Wikimania 2014 main-page talk but disovered that the Stewards have protected it&quot; 
::::I would much rather see more wikimedia members question blocking in general at META. One cannot run such large movement of people from different backgrounds and nationalities simply by silencing minorities  IMIO. [[User:Ottawahitech|Ottawahitech]] ([[User talk:Ottawahitech|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Ottawahitech|contribs]]) 20:12, 8 February 2025 (UTC)

== [[Crystal ball]] ==

That page appears to be a mixture of isolated paragraphs from [[w:Crystal ball|Crystal ball]], hence my tag. [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]&lt;sub&gt;[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]&lt;sub&gt;[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/sub&gt; ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 03:04, 9 February 2025 (UTC)

:Yep, that seems correct! I also queried it simply because it does not seem suitable for inclusion at all. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 03:09, 9 February 2025 (UTC)

== Question about an edit suggestion ==

Hi Kittycataclysm,

Thanks for the great work you do as an admin! I wanted to clarify a suggestion you made on a recently published page I’m working on. You recommended splitting it into smaller sections—would you suggest creating separate pages for these sections, or would a higher-level header for some topics be sufficient?

Any specific recommendations you have would be greatly appreciated!

Here’s the link to the page I’m referring to: [[Funding and Finance of Transportation Projects in the United States of America]]

Thank you! [[User:Svrmustafa|Svrmustafa]] ([[User talk:Svrmustafa|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Svrmustafa|contribs]]) 18:19, 18 February 2025 (UTC)

:Hi @[[User:Svrmustafa|Svrmustafa]], and thanks for asking! Splitting refers to creating new pages, each with a smaller amount of content. The main page should then contain a table of contents, and each page can contain a navigation template for easier navigation. I'll create the table of contents based on the current work and move some content to one of those pages as an example for you; then, you can do the rest. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 00:26, 19 February 2025 (UTC)
::Following up on this—I noticed that you use the term &quot;paper&quot;. However, technically Wikibooks hosts books not papers, so you should probably change this wording. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 00:38, 19 February 2025 (UTC)
== Talkback ==
{{Talkback|Cookbook talk:Chilli Crab|Recipe Questions}} [[User:Cactusisme|Cactusisme]] ([[User talk:Cactusisme|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Cactusisme|contribs]]) 09:54, 19 February 2025 (UTC)

:@[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] I also made [[Cookbook:Prata|this]] [[User:Cactusisme|Cactusisme]] ([[User talk:Cactusisme|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Cactusisme|contribs]]) 10:15, 19 February 2025 (UTC)

== Hello ==

Can you look at my latest recipe? [[User:Cactusisme|Cactusisme]] ([[User talk:Cactusisme|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Cactusisme|contribs]]) 00:10, 28 February 2025 (UTC)

:I saw it! It needs a few corrections, which I'll note. What's the origin of the recipe? —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 03:23, 28 February 2025 (UTC)
::@[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] How do you write recipe summary, correct headers [[User:Cactusisme|Cactusisme]] ([[User talk:Cactusisme|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Cactusisme|contribs]]) 06:04, 28 February 2025 (UTC)
:::Please see [[Cookbook:Policy/Recipe template]]. What's the origin of the recipe? —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 13:08, 28 February 2025 (UTC)
::::ok [[User:Cactusisme|Cactusisme]] ([[User talk:Cactusisme|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Cactusisme|contribs]]) 02:33, 1 March 2025 (UTC)

== Cookbook ==

Hi there, Kittycataclysm. I wandered over here from Wikipedia, and I'm quite enamoured with this cookbook. I noticed you seem to be the one maintaining it, and I thought I'd reach out. Can I really just start cranking out recipes from public domain cookbooks and my family recipes? It's that simple? I was also wondering about the featured recipes section. There's not very many in there, and I imagine there's not very many folks around to do reviews compared to GAR on Wikipedia. How do you handle content review? Thanks. [[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] ([[User talk:MediaKyle|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaKyle|contribs]]) 01:51, 1 March 2025 (UTC)

:Hi @[[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] and welcome! For some context, the Cookbook has been around since the very beginning of Wikibooks, but it had gotten into a bit of disarray over the course of about two decades by the time I found it. I started the long process of overhauling, standardizing, and expanding it just over four years ago—I finished standardizing the recipe formatting and quality a while back and am currently working my way through the ingredient pages before moving on to equipment, techniques, and cuisines. You can absolutely add any public domain recipes as well as your own recipes—they just need to conform to the [[Cookbook:Policy/Recipe template|recipe template]] and [[Cookbook:Policy|Cookbook policy overall]]. It's even better if you've made the recipe and can contribute a nice picture and specific guidance/instructions/notes! Please feel free to ask me any questions. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:27, 1 March 2025 (UTC)
::Oh, and regarding the featured recipes section, I actually haven't gotten around to looking into that yet—there's been a lot to do! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:28, 1 March 2025 (UTC)
::That's great, thanks a lot for your response. This is just delightful. Maybe content review is something that we could collaborate on. There's a lot of recipes in here and it would be nice to know which ones are the best. Question for you, [[:Category:Brown sauces]] is really bothering me. How can I move that to Brown sauce recipes? [[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] ([[User talk:MediaKyle|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaKyle|contribs]]) 02:29, 1 March 2025 (UTC)
:::Good catch on that category! It seems like it was created two decades ago and never got corrected—feel free to recategorize those recipes. Thank you also for introducing the hideprefix parameter to the category trees—I didn't realize that was an option, and it reduces the visual clutter! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:38, 1 March 2025 (UTC)
::::My pleasure! As I continue to look at the categories, this is actually worse than I thought. We have both [[:Category:Sauce recipes]] and [[:Category:Recipes for condiments]] and I suspect that's just the beginning. I want to go through and categorize everything properly, but the bones aren't even there... How long do I have to be here before it'll let me create and move around categories? [[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] ([[User talk:MediaKyle|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaKyle|contribs]]) 02:40, 1 March 2025 (UTC)
:::::Regarding the categories, the category overhauling is in progress, since I address the category when I overhaul the associated page. The variation in titling is actually somewhat deliberate—I started changing it from &quot;____ recipes&quot; in certain cases to solve a particular categorization problem. Sometimes, there is an item that is used in recipes as an ingredient but for which there are also recipes. For example, [[:Category:Recipes for bread]] versus [[:Category:Recipes using bread]]. The different naming scheme is necessary to properly delineate the categories, and I'm working on implementing it a bit more consistently as I go. While you're still getting started, it would be great if you could check with me when something looks odd or out of place—that way I can take a look and weigh in on whether that's normal or not and maybe provide some context. Just off the top of my head, I think you will have to wait for autoreview status to make move changes. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:56, 1 March 2025 (UTC)
::::::I see what you're saying, I've been trying to wrap my head around that. Maybe it would be beneficial to try to put together some sort of a Cookbook MOS regarding category structure? It's kind of all over the place right now. Using your bread example, would it perhaps make more sense to have [[:Category:Bread recipes]] and [[:Category:Recipes using bread]]? There would be no ambiguity with just those two categories, but when you add the extra [[:Category:Recipes for bread]], that's when things start getting a little whacky. What do you think? [[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] ([[User talk:MediaKyle|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaKyle|contribs]]) 03:05, 1 March 2025 (UTC)
:::::::Either that or get rid of [[:Category:Bread recipes]] and keep the other two. But one of these categories gotta go, I reckon. [[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] ([[User talk:MediaKyle|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaKyle|contribs]]) 03:07, 1 March 2025 (UTC)
::::::::I see you already had the same thought as me. I think all categories should include &quot;for&quot; or &quot;using&quot;. Take for example, [[:Category:Recipes for pancakes]] as opposed to [[:Category:Pancake recipes]]. Well obviously there's no recipes using pancakes. But for something like [[:Category:Recipes for gravy]], there may also be a need for [[:Category:Recipes using gravy]]. The lack of consistency in this regard means the only way to achieve consistency across the categories is by changing them over to that format. Sorry for clogging up your talk page! [[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] ([[User talk:MediaKyle|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaKyle|contribs]]) 03:18, 1 March 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::Same heads-up as below—migrating this over to [[Cookbook talk:Table of Contents]] —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:10, 4 March 2025 (UTC)
:Also, on [[Cookbook:Table of Contents]], could you please add a wikilink for [[Cookbook:Breakfast]], and maybe add cooknav to the top for seamless navigation between all the top level articles? Can't edit that article yet. [[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] ([[User talk:MediaKyle|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaKyle|contribs]]) 02:47, 1 March 2025 (UTC)

== More Table of Content Edits ==

Hello again. I've been going through everything and this is my list of suggestions for edits to the table of contents. Unfortunately there's not much else I can do for now, because without autoconfirmed my ability to change anything is very limited. I was going to ask for someone to check off the confirmed box for me at RfP but I can't post there either, so I guess I'll be back in four days.

* Fix Bread wikilink
* Remove &quot;Creaming&quot; from techniques, redirected to Mixing
* [[Cookbook:History of Food and Cooking]] points to redirect, needs capitalized
* [[Cookbook:Low-Carb]] points to redirect, needs capitalized
* [[Cookbook:Cuisine of the Mediterranean]] to [[Cookbook:Mediterranean Cuisine]] for parity
* Remove the S from the cuisine wikilinks on ToC, currently redirecting
* Create [[:Category:Lunch recipes]], wikilink to ToC
* Wikilink [[Cookbook:Dessert]] under Meals
* Get rid of &quot;Brunch&quot;; will just be confusing alongside a breakfast and lunch category
* Create [[Cookbook:East Asian Cuisine]] so I can add the recipes from [[:Category:East Asian recipes]] to it; currently is a redlink on the ToC
* Change &quot;Introductory Matter&quot; header to just &quot;Introduction&quot;
* Appendix and Equipment sections switch places

Cheers, [[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] ([[User talk:MediaKyle|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaKyle|contribs]]) 11:46, 1 March 2025 (UTC)

:I took the liberty of doing it myself in my userspace. You can just copy it over from [[User:MediaKyle/sandbox]]. Figured I'd save you the trouble of trying to figure out what I'm talking about. [[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] ([[User talk:MediaKyle|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaKyle|contribs]]) 14:15, 1 March 2025 (UTC)
:Circling back to this! It seems like your suggestions are getting at a couple different things. I'll try to go through them point-by-point below:
:* {{xt|Fix Bread wikilink}} {{done}}
:* {{xt|Remove &quot;Creaming&quot; from techniques, redirected to Mixing}} see below comments on TOC.
:* {{xt|Cookbook:History of Food and Cooking points to redirect, needs capitalized}} {{not done}} for now because I don't fully understand the urgency and I want to triage/prioritize things for you, but please feel free to make this change yourself once you can!
:* {{xt|Cookbook:Low-Carb points to redirect, needs capitalized}} {{not done}} for same reason as above.
:* {{xt|Cookbook:Cuisine of the Mediterranean to Cookbook:Mediterranean Cuisine for parity}} {{not done}} for now just because we do have a lot of cuisine pages that follow the form &quot;Cuisine of ____&quot;. It could be good to standardize, and I had been planning to do that once I got around to the cuisines.
:* {{xt|Remove the S from the cuisine wikilinks on ToC, currently redirecting}} {{not done}} for same reason as other redirects
:* {{xt|Create Category:Lunch recipes, wikilink to ToC}} Not quite sure what you mean here, and I didn't see what it corresponded to in your linked sandbox page
:* {{xt|Wikilink Cookbook:Dessert under Meals}} {{done}}
:* {{xt|Get rid of &quot;Brunch&quot;; will just be confusing alongside a breakfast and lunch category}} I'm not sure about this—brunch is in many places considered a separate entity, and I don't necessarily think it would cause confusion. But, overall it's hard to determine whether it should have its own page and TOC link because I haven't actually gotten around to evaluating the meal pages and what role they should play. See also the TOC notes below.
:* {{xt|Create Cookbook:East Asian Cuisine so I can add the recipes from Category:East Asian recipes to it; currently is a redlink on the ToC}} {{done}} for now; however, I'm not sure yet whether it will ultimately make sense to keep that as a content page. I think content pages should be reasonably focused, and it may not be the best to have a cuisine page that is so broad. This is something I planned to consider once I made my way around the overhauling the cuisines.
:* {{xt|Change &quot;Introductory Matter&quot; header to just &quot;Introduction&quot;}} The reason I made it &quot;Introductory Matter&quot; instead of &quot;Introduction&quot; is because there's already a chapter itself titled &quot;Introduction&quot;—it felt odd to have the entire section titled that as well. Happy to discuss other header options (e.g. &quot;Front Matter&quot;, which is a generally accepted book term)
:* {{xt|Appendix and Equipment sections switch places}} see below comments on TOC.
:* '''Comments on the TOC:''' So, I think a fundamental issue with the current TOC is that it somewhat arbitrarily picks and chooses individual pages to link. It also sometimes direct-links to categories and sometimes to content pages, which I don't think we should do. Because the cookbook is so expansive, it's been established that manual indices intending to capture detail in large areas don't really make sense and quickly get bulky and out-of-date. This is why categorytree is such a useful tool! After thinking on it for a while and making some small tweaks, I think I'd ultimately like to overhaul the TOC and come to a solution that keeps a few broad headers/links to the small handful of the primary content pages while perhaps stashing away more detailed and self-updating lists in a collapsible way to reduce clutter but allow for customizable user navigation. Much to think about, and I'll probably workshop some things on the side to see how they feel.
:Let me know if I've misunderstood anything! Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 03:24, 3 March 2025 (UTC)
::Thanks for the notes! Here's my thoughts:
::* On the Cuisine titling, it actually seems like [[Cookbook:Cuisine of the Mediterranean]] and [[Cookbook:East Asian cuisines]] are the only ones that don't follow the naming scheme, i.e. &quot;[[Cookbook:African Cuisine]]&quot;, and I think that shorter titles are preferable where it makes sense.
::* On your note about East Asian Cuisine, I actually had the same thought after going through the cuisine pages. Having three separate pages for different kinds of Asian cuisine does seem a little silly, doesn't it? Do you think it might be better to combine all of them under one &quot;Asian Cuisine&quot;, but put the different locales under separate headers?
::* On Brunch - I honestly think there's way too much ambiguity around what exactly constitutes as &quot;brunch&quot; to keep that in. I feel as though the term brunch more applies to the time you're eating, rather than the kind of food. I think it would be easier to keep meals that include commonly accepted breakfast foods in the Breakfast category, and things that don't fit neatly into that, into the Lunch category. This would prevent any dilemmas in the future where we can't decide whether something is breakfast or brunch.
::* You're right that it looks a little awkward to have the header as Introduction when there's a page called introduction. I still think that to say &quot;Introductory Matter&quot;, or &quot;Front Matter&quot; as you mentioned, is a little long-winded and reflects a more academic tone than needed for a cookbook. Upon further reflection, I think maybe rather than worrying about the header at this point, we should perhaps think about trying to compile all of those short introductory type pages into one comprehensive introductory page. Then we likely won't even need a header for it on the ToC.
::* The ToC is definitely a bit cluttered, and it bothers me too that there's a real lack of consistency across whether the wikilinks lead to a page or a category. I'm not sure how I would feel about cutting away too much of the navigation from it, though, because just about every page on there does have a reason to be there, it's just that they're not presented very nicely. Some of it can certainly get nested or combined though. I'll play around with it over the next few days in my sandbox as well and let you know if I come up with anything.
::* As an aside, the first thing on my to-do list once my autoconfirmed comes through is to start subcategorizing all of the recipes so that they're all nicely sorted in the category trees. When you have a chance, I'd love to hear your thoughts on what we should use as the standard naming for categories. Once we determine this, I think we can also take the liberty of updating the cookbook MoS to reflect it.
::Cheers, [[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] ([[User talk:MediaKyle|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaKyle|contribs]]) 11:33, 3 March 2025 (UTC)
:::Note: After writing this, I realized what you were getting at about slashing away some of the subpages. Maybe we can come up with a system where all of those subpages are under their main subpage rather than on the ToC. For example, all the Cuisines are under [[Cookbook:Cuisines]], all techniques under [[Cookbook:Cooking Techniques]], to keep the subpages off the main ToC. Also, I wonder if maybe we should try to make a centralized discussion for this somewhere, in case anyone else wants to join in at some point? [[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] ([[User talk:MediaKyle|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaKyle|contribs]]) 11:45, 3 March 2025 (UTC)
::::Heads-up: to make it easier to keep track of these and since I think they deserve their own discussions, I'm going to gradually migrate them over individually to [[Cookbook talk:Table of Contents]]. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 22:52, 4 March 2025 (UTC)
:::::Good idea. Can you remove the semi-protection from that talk page? I see no reason why it should be protected. [[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] ([[User talk:MediaKyle|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaKyle|contribs]]) 23:23, 4 March 2025 (UTC)

== Cookbook ToC ==

Hi [[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]]. I was just wondering why you didn't respond to my above message, and started a separate sandbox for the ToC instead? It seems as though you don't really want to collaborate. It would be nice if we could work on this together. [[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] ([[User talk:MediaKyle|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaKyle|contribs]]) 22:43, 2 March 2025 (UTC)

:@[[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] thanks for the ping! I'm sorry you feel like I don't want to collaborate—the opposite is true, and please understand that this is good-faith editing. The reason I haven't responded to the above points is mostly since you've been modifying a bunch of content and adding suggestions lately, and I've been working my way through these while continuing with my routine contributions and real life as well—things happen a little more slowly here than on other projects, and I'm the one person dedicated to the cookbook right now. The reason I created that sandbox was because I saw [[Wikibooks:Reading room/General#Modernize the shelves|your comment]] at the reading room and wanted to play around and think about your suggestion without touching the actual TOC. You're right that it's not the best, and it's been something I've been thinking about for a bit now. Please understand also that it can be overwhelming when a new editor unfamiliar with the Cookbook begins making a high volume of edits and suggestions without having much experience with it or its history—this isn't to say that you don't have good ideas or things worth contributing. In fact, you have already made a few helpful changes, as I've mentioned. I just want to do this properly and take the time to evaluate your suggestions together with the current efforts that are underway, and that can take a bit. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:03, 2 March 2025 (UTC)
::Thanks for getting back to me. While I may be new to Wikibooks, I'm certainly not new to MediaWiki, and I've been working with small wiki projects for a number of years. Perhaps it's been a misunderstanding to some degree, but I've found my reception here to be unusually unwelcoming. The way to do this properly, as you said, would be to have discussions and form consensus. Yesterday, when you reached out to me about adding hideroot to the pages, I gave you my rationale and was more than happy to have a discussion about it, but you did not reply. I noticed a similar situation happened with [https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/User_talk:Ottawahitech#Category_sorting Ottawahitech], regarding category sorting. I'm aware that you're the main person looking after the cookbook right now, which is why I reached out to you right from the get go.
::I understand why you would want to create your own sandbox to play around with options for the ToC, but I'm sure you can understand why it would draw my attention that you would do this without implementing any of the wikilink fixes I mentioned, or making an attempt to discuss it further. This came across to me as not wanting my help.
::I invite you to check out my page on Wikipedia. I've made contributions across quite a wide area of topics there, as well as the other Wikimedia projects, and this is the first time I've encountered any sort of resistance to my contributions. I think Wikibooks has enormous potential, and I'm very excited to contribute to helping it grow. On most projects, this would be something to be encouraged. I don't feel like &quot;I'm sorry that you feel that way&quot; was really an appropriate response. [[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] ([[User talk:MediaKyle|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaKyle|contribs]]) 23:59, 2 March 2025 (UTC)
:::I think you're right that this has been a mix of misunderstanding and miscommunication, and I think I can understand how things came across as unwelcoming! For whatever it's worth, I absolutely plan on circling back to the various discussions at hand (I have all the relevant pages open to return to), but it seems like the order I did things made it seem like I was ignoring you (if I'm understanding correctly). I am pretty busy, so sometimes items on my to-do list do get lost/shunted or it takes me a bit to get around to something—please don't hesitate to give me a ping if it seems like I'm taking a while to get back to something. Looking forward to more collaboration! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 00:49, 3 March 2025 (UTC)
::::I'm glad you can understand where I'm coming from. To clarify, my intent is not to try to rush you, or to try to push you to make changes that you don't agree with. It's really easy to misinterpret things over the Internet, and I think a short message can go a long way. I apologize if I've caused you any undue stress by coming into the cookbook and unleashing a flurry of alterations, but do rest assured that I'm not married to any of my changes, I'm always open for discussion, and I want to see the cookbook improve just like you do. The great thing about wikis is that no change is permanent. I think we'll have it in tip-top shape in no time! [[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] ([[User talk:MediaKyle|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaKyle|contribs]]) 01:19, 3 March 2025 (UTC)

== [[Cookbook:Polish Doughnuts (Paczki)]] ==

Do you see any reason not to just add this to Featured Recipes? At least we know this one works, and it seems like this is now one of the few recipes to have a picture that actually aligns with the recipe used. I was thinking later on we'll come up with a content review system where a couple editors will actually try the recipes nominated for FR, but in the absence of that I'd just add it to the list. [[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] ([[User talk:MediaKyle|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaKyle|contribs]]) 12:25, 4 March 2025 (UTC)

:I'm fine with adding it to the featured recipes. You're right that we'll want to come up with a good system for this going forward, though it's lower down on my personal priority list at moment. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 22:15, 4 March 2025 (UTC)

== [[Cookbook:Cream Cheese American Buttercream]] ==

Hi! I am a wikiHow user and I am planning to adapt this recipe to wikiHow. Since you contributed to this recipe, I wanted to know if I can get permission to reuse your contributions to this recipe. Thanks. [[User:Xeverything11|Xeverything11]] ([[User talk:Xeverything11|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Xeverything11|contribs]]) 21:41, 4 March 2025 (UTC)

:@[[User:Xeverything11|Xeverything11]] that's fine with me as long as proper attribution and linking back to the original recipe page here are included at the top. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 22:28, 4 March 2025 (UTC)

== [[A Companion to Our Literary Journey]] ==

Hi! I feel that we have started to outline the scope in a clearer and more precise way and that’s the work we are going to do with the students this and for the next years, adding more sections and content. Do you think that would be enough? [[User:Ferdi2005|Ferdi2005]] ([[User talk:Ferdi2005|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Ferdi2005|contribs]]) 22:43, 6 March 2025 (UTC)

:Hi @[[User:Ferdi2005|Ferdi2005]]! Yes, this seems to be reasonably outlined. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:51, 7 March 2025 (UTC)

== Exercising care with copyright ==

When deleting a page as a copyright violation, it is important that you '''do not quote any content from the deleted page'''. If you do, then your log entry is itself a copyright violation. I have redacted a recent deletion that you performed because of this. If you want to make sure that none of your past deletions have been problematic for this reason, you can [[quarry:query/90444|run this SQL query]] to get a list of every deletion that could be eligible for redaction. [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]&lt;sub&gt;[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]&lt;sub&gt;[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/sub&gt; ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 18:32, 21 March 2025 (UTC)

:Hi @[[User:JJPMaster|JJPMaster]] and thank you for the message. In the most recent instance that I think you're referencing, I do not see any material in the edit summary that posed a significant risk—I don't believe the few listed words would be a copyright concern. However, I do understand your concern! Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 22:31, 21 March 2025 (UTC)

== Splitting Pages ==

Hi I have recently made the book on the [[History of the Nawabs of Bengal]] and you gave a notice on how you believe it should be split into smaller bits. As I am still new to wikibooks I don't know how to do this. Can you please assist me on renaming the page so I can split the page into multiple pages? @[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] [[User:Greatswrd|Greatswrd]] ([[User talk:Greatswrd|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Greatswrd|contribs]]) 19:47, 29 March 2025 (UTC)

:@[[User:Greatswrd|Greatswrd]]: You did it. I've removed the tag. [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]&lt;sub&gt;[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]&lt;sub&gt;[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/sub&gt; ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 22:44, 29 March 2025 (UTC)
:Like @[[User:JJPMaster|JJPMaster]] said, you're all set! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:53, 29 March 2025 (UTC)
::Thanks! @[[User:JJPMaster|JJPMaster]] @[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] [[User:Greatswrd|Greatswrd]] ([[User talk:Greatswrd|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Greatswrd|contribs]]) 10:24, 30 March 2025 (UTC)

== Minecraft book ==

Is it good creating pages like this, [[Minecraft#Husk]]? [[User:Cactusisme|Cactusisme]] ([[User talk:Cactusisme|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Cactusisme|contribs]]) 12:43, 9 May 2025 (UTC)

:@[[User:Cactusisme|Cactusisme]] what do you mean? —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 21:18, 10 May 2025 (UTC)
::are we allowed to create pages like that? like for every mob [[User:Cactusisme|Cactusisme]] ([[User talk:Cactusisme|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Cactusisme|contribs]]) 10:02, 11 May 2025 (UTC)
:::To be honest, I don't think the structure and formatting of the book is very good. Several of the mob pages, for example, have very little information and aren't particularly helpful on their own. If I were working on it, I would restructure the book. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 14:09, 11 May 2025 (UTC)
::::I am planning to do that. [[User:Cactusisme|Cactusisme]] ([[User talk:Cactusisme|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Cactusisme|contribs]]) 04:19, 12 May 2025 (UTC)

== Request to Review Adjusted User Page (XoriantTeam) ==

Hello [[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]],

I hope you're well. I noticed that my user page ([[User:XoriantTeam]]) was recently deleted for appearing promotional or inappropriate for Wikibooks. Thank you for keeping the community standards in check.

I’ve since revised the content with closer attention to neutrality and compliance with Wikibooks guidelines. My intent is to participate constructively, especially in areas related to digital engineering and educational content creation.

If possible, I’d appreciate your help reviewing the revised version. I'm happy to share it or upload it as a file if there’s a preferred method.

Please let me know how best to proceed. I welcome any suggestions and will gladly make further adjustments.

Best regards,  

XoriantTeam [[User:XoriantTeam|XoriantTeam]] ([[User talk:XoriantTeam|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/XoriantTeam|contribs]]) 11:02, 15 May 2025 (UTC)

:Hi there—you can publish an updated user page, but I'd caution you against talking about your company. Keep it limited to your involvement with Wikibooks. You may contribute productively here, but further promotional materials are grounds for an indefinite block. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 12:30, 15 May 2025 (UTC)

== Planning to use AWB to update categories on the cookbook ==

Hello. I noticed in recent changes that you were moving some categories using HotCat (e.g. moving Category:Chile recipes to Category:Recipes using chile), which can be time-consuming. Therefore, I plan to help you with moving the cookbook categories by adding myself to enabledusers and enabledbots in [[Wikibooks:AutoWikiBrowser/CheckPageJSON]]. Would this be fine if I assist you and to add myself to the check page? I am familiar with using AWB after testing on a non-Wikimedia project. Thank you. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 04:42, 8 June 2025 (UTC)

:Hi @[[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]]—thank you for the tip! I just installed JWB, so this should make my mass cat changes much faster. Thanks again! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 13:11, 8 June 2025 (UTC)
:: Thank you for the information. Also, is it okay if I change (for example) [[:Category:Vinegar recipes]] to [[:Category:Recipes using vinegar]] (I can redirect the former category to the latter), given that we should move {{tq|Category:[ingredient] recipes}} to {{tq|Category:Recipes using [ingredient]}} for consistency? [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 16:57, 8 June 2025 (UTC)
:::Sure thing—go ahead! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 17:53, 8 June 2025 (UTC)

== Tool for even faster category changes ==

See [[:c:Help:Gadget-Cat-a-lot#As_your_user_gadget]]. I just [https://en.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=User:Koavf/common.js&amp;action=history installed it] and used it dozens of times in a click. Let me know if you need any help. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 00:36, 19 June 2025 (UTC)

:@[[User:Koavf|Koavf]] Thanks! I'm having a little trouble activating it, but I'll keep trying. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 00:54, 19 June 2025 (UTC)
::A lot of times, a purge will do the trick. See [[:mw:Purge]]. Usually just &lt;kbd&gt;Ctrl+Shift+R&lt;/kbd&gt; once or twice. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 00:55, 19 June 2025 (UTC)
:::Took several purges, but we're set now! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:16, 19 June 2025 (UTC)

== Advice on when I should run for adminship ==

Hi, I hope you are doing well. I am asking for some advice on when I should run for enwikibooks adminship, given the following below:

Currently, I am doing some optimizations for dark mode on this project, and some of the message box/MediaWiki interface/template pages might be outdated, fully protected, or can use a little help using mw-parser-output. These unfortunately might hinder the process of updating these pages/templates for Vector 2022's dark mode.&lt;br&gt;
Additionally, I have a solid expertise with edit filters, as I have requested some administrators to update deprecated filter variables, switching filters from warn and disallow to disallow only, and I can also monitor the filter log for potential false positives (from local or global filters).

A fellow English Wikibooks administrator also said to me that they are willing to support me in a few months when I run for adminship, as I am generally trusted.

I hold two advanced global permissions, and I hold an edit filter helper permission on the English Wikipedia, to be sure. Thank you for your consideration. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 01:02, 23 June 2025 (UTC)

:Hi @[[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]]—good question! I agree that you are a trusted user, and I think it would be reasonable for you to run for adminship, especially given our need to fix up technical aspects of the project. If you don't plan to commit to Wikibooks long-term (i.e. you have some projects you'd like to take a few months to complete and then be done), you can always request temporary adminship. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 17:30, 23 June 2025 (UTC)
:: Thank you for your feedback, but I also plan to monitor for vandalism/spam, and to commit to reduce the administrative assistance reading room backlog, should I be elected for adminship (and I forgot to mention those). Anyway, regarding your feedback, I might run by August or even July, given that I've lately started contributing more often to Wikibooks. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 18:29, 23 June 2025 (UTC)
::: [[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]], I am pinging you one more time to see if you have read my response above yours. Thank you. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 16:34, 26 June 2025 (UTC)
::::Hi @[[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]]! I'm not sure what you mean—was there an additional question you had? Everything you've outlined seems quite reasonable. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:26, 26 June 2025 (UTC)
::::: Apologies for the confusion, I don't have any questions to ask. I was clarifying that I can help with implementing edit requests and to block obvious vandals and spammers, aside from the skills I mentioned earlier. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 18:32, 26 June 2025 (UTC)

== how is it you feel able to interfere in my sandbox? ==

you deleted a page in my sandbox that was my way of providing my response to a request from an OpenSCAD dev team leader for a couple of text blurbs for use on a web page of the OpenSCAD site.

now that you have deleted my page i have to recreate the texts from a screenshot to be able to offer the suggestions, which i will 

This kind of high handed treatment is what keeps me from being a wiki-anything contributor .. If it is Wiki policy to interfere in the documentation of an open source project because it is hosted on Wikibooks then i will take up the task of moving our online docs to a site where you cannot interfere.
--
[[User:VulcanWikiEdit|VulcanWikiEdit]] ([[User talk:VulcanWikiEdit|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/VulcanWikiEdit|contribs]]) 21:56, 29 June 2025 (UTC)

:Hi @[[User:VulcanWikiEdit|VulcanWikiEdit]]—thanks for bringing this to my attention. I now understand that this was intended to be in your user namespace—I've undeleted it and moved it to the correct namespace for you. Let me know if anything else comes up! Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:05, 30 June 2025 (UTC)
::ah .. err .. umm .. well that is a gentle answer to my ire. Thanks for being so gracious [[User:VulcanWikiEdit|VulcanWikiEdit]] ([[User talk:VulcanWikiEdit|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/VulcanWikiEdit|contribs]]) 20:29, 30 June 2025 (UTC)
::and .. isn't my sandbox in my namespace by default? [[User:VulcanWikiEdit|VulcanWikiEdit]] ([[User talk:VulcanWikiEdit|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/VulcanWikiEdit|contribs]]) 20:30, 30 June 2025 (UTC)
:::No worries—it looks like you didn't add the prefix &quot;User:&quot; before writing out the full page titles, so the pages you created were technically in the project's Main space with the official published materials. Going forward, you can just double-check that the page title starts with &quot;'''User:'''VulcanWikiEdit/sandbox&quot;, and that should keep everything in the right place! Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 21:36, 30 June 2025 (UTC)
::::BTW .. i love the play on cat lover name [[User:VulcanWikiEdit|VulcanWikiEdit]] ([[User talk:VulcanWikiEdit|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/VulcanWikiEdit|contribs]]) 15:35, 1 July 2025 (UTC)
:::::Thank you! That's very kind. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:46, 1 July 2025 (UTC)

== Regarding the user Codename Tameirao ==

Could this be Matthew again (the Unicode LTA)? I believe it might be him based on his usage of edit summaries, and his usual edits to [[Unicode/Versions]]. I just blocked his recent account, and then I protected and stabilized that Unicode book. &lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Verdana&quot;&gt;[[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#0024FF&quot;&gt;'''''Codename Noreste'''''&lt;/span&gt;]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#A1000E&quot;&gt;talk&lt;/span&gt;]])&lt;/span&gt; 23:51, 12 August 2025 (UTC)

:I suspect you're right! That seems like a reasonable course of action. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 00:56, 13 August 2025 (UTC)
:: I recently encountered another possible LTA, see [[Special:Contributions/~2025-55706-6]] (as well as [[Unicode/Roadmap Blocks]]). I can email you more details if you want. &lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Verdana&quot;&gt;[[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#0024FF&quot;&gt;'''''Codename Noreste'''''&lt;/span&gt;]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#A1000E&quot;&gt;talk&lt;/span&gt;]])&lt;/span&gt; 16:30, 9 September 2025 (UTC)
:::I think this is the same LTA, yes! I've protected [[Unicode/Roadmap Blocks]], but I think it would be a good idea if we could automate this monitoring somewhat using the edit filter. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:07, 9 September 2025 (UTC)
:::: I don't think that was Matthew, as he typically uses edit summaries. The deleted page was not protected, as it was protected before you deleted it; I salted it from creation for one year. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 20:22, 9 September 2025 (UTC)
::::: You might want to look at [[Special:Contributions/Freddy Fazbearing Others]]. '''[[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#0024FF&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]]''' ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 04:18, 26 October 2025 (UTC)
::::::Thank you! I went ahead and blocked them. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:54, 28 October 2025 (UTC)

== IP block exempt  ==

Hi Kitty,
I currently have IP block exemption on enwiki, Commons and Wikidata as I use VPNs connected to my internet security software. Can you please grant me the right on wikibooks. I have a strong password and use two factor authentication. ''[[User:TarnishedPath|&lt;b style=&quot;color:#ff0000;&quot;&gt;Tar&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;color:#ff7070;&quot;&gt;nis&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;color:#ffa0a0;&quot;&gt;hed&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;color:#420000;&quot;&gt;Path&lt;/b&gt;]]''&lt;sup&gt;[[User talk:TarnishedPath|&lt;b style=&quot;color:#bd4004;&quot;&gt;talk&lt;/b&gt;]]&lt;/sup&gt; 10:51, 22 August 2025 (UTC)

:Hi @[[User:TarnishedPath|TarnishedPath]]! This doesn't sound unreasonable to me, but I think it would be good if you requested at [[Wikibooks:Requests for permissions]] so we can have a discussion—I have not granted this right before. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:50, 23 August 2025 (UTC)
::Kitty, thanks for pointing me in the right direction. ''[[User:TarnishedPath|&lt;b style=&quot;color:#ff0000;&quot;&gt;Tar&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;color:#ff7070;&quot;&gt;nis&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;color:#ffa0a0;&quot;&gt;hed&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;color:#420000;&quot;&gt;Path&lt;/b&gt;]]''&lt;sup&gt;[[User talk:TarnishedPath|&lt;b style=&quot;color:#bd4004;&quot;&gt;talk&lt;/b&gt;]]&lt;/sup&gt; 03:25, 23 August 2025 (UTC)
::See [[Wikibooks:Requests_for_permissions#TarnishedPath_(discuss_·_contribs_·_count_·_logs_·_block_log_·_rfp_·_rights)_(IP_Block_Exemption)]] ''[[User:TarnishedPath|&lt;b style=&quot;color:#ff0000;&quot;&gt;Tar&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;color:#ff7070;&quot;&gt;nis&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;color:#ffa0a0;&quot;&gt;hed&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;color:#420000;&quot;&gt;Path&lt;/b&gt;]]''&lt;sup&gt;[[User talk:TarnishedPath|&lt;b style=&quot;color:#bd4004;&quot;&gt;talk&lt;/b&gt;]]&lt;/sup&gt; 03:35, 23 August 2025 (UTC)
== You've got mail! ==
{{You've got mail|sig=&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Verdana&quot;&gt;[[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#0024FF&quot;&gt;'''''Codename Noreste'''''&lt;/span&gt;]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#A1000E&quot;&gt;talk&lt;/span&gt;]])&lt;/span&gt; 00:20, 6 September 2025 (UTC)}}

:Thank you! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:06, 6 September 2025 (UTC)

== Are you able to import? ==

I made a few requests over at https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Wikibooks:Requests_for_import . [[User:2005-Fan|2005-Fan]] ([[User talk:2005-Fan|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/2005-Fan|contribs]]) 22:32, 4 October 2025 (UTC)
: [[User:2005-Fan|2005-Fan]], I'll go ahead and start the imports. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 16:29, 5 October 2025 (UTC)
::Thank you for your help [[User:2005-Fan|2005-Fan]] ([[User talk:2005-Fan|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/2005-Fan|contribs]]) 16:51, 5 October 2025 (UTC)
::: My apologies for not doing this sooner, because some database error appears when I am trying to mass import. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 23:39, 5 October 2025 (UTC)
::::I also tried to make this import earlier and ran into issues with the software. I was hoping it was a temporary bug, but it seems to be persisting. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 00:01, 6 October 2025 (UTC)
:::::This seems like I should get involved. {{working}}... [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]&lt;sub&gt;[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]&lt;sub&gt;[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/sub&gt; ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 13:11, 6 October 2025 (UTC)
:::::: I believe there are five pages that have massive page histories they fail to import here. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 15:13, 6 October 2025 (UTC)
:::::::I backed up the XMLs of them locally but im unsure how much that'd do. [[User:2005-Fan|2005-Fan]] ([[User talk:2005-Fan|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/2005-Fan|contribs]]) 15:18, 6 October 2025 (UTC)
::::::::Just became an importer. The reason is prob understandable but I cannot upload the XML file to here locally. [[User:2005-Fan|2005-Fan]] ([[User talk:2005-Fan|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/2005-Fan|contribs]]) 17:23, 10 October 2025 (UTC)

== About the category parameter in the recipe summary template ==

When it uses a &quot;recipe by type&quot; category, should it use a &quot;[type/food] recipes&quot; name or &quot;Recipes for [type/food]&quot;?

I recently operated JWB to change from [[:Category:Dessert recipes]] to [[:Category:Recipes for dessert]] in multiple Cookbook recipes, and from what I've said before, I've changed to ''Recipes for dessert'' in the category parameter of Cookbook recipes. Hope you don't mind that this was over more than 250 changes (not counting the recent category changes after moving some recipe categories). Thanks. '''[[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#0024FF&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]]''' ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 02:07, 27 October 2025 (UTC)

:Hi @[[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]]—those JWB changes you made seem fine to me! I'm not quite sure what you're asking in your first sentence, though. Assuming I understand correctly: in general, I think the default format should be whatever the actual category name is. BUT if there is a redirect, it ultimately shouldn't matter too much. And, because I'm not convinced of the utility of that infobox parameter in the first place (thinking of removing it), I'm not hugely concerned about it for the time being. Does this help? —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:21, 27 October 2025 (UTC)
:: Probably, but I will say the following below (for my first sentence) to clarify:
:: On the &lt;code&gt;|category =&lt;/code&gt; parameter, when placing a recipe category name, should it either be {{tq|Sandwich recipes}} or {{tq|Recipes for sandwiches}}? I hope this clears the confusion. '''[[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#0024FF&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]]''' ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 18:39, 27 October 2025 (UTC)

== Please no more Unicode LTA ==

Please don't block me again. I promise I will edit Unicode stuff and add correct information. [[Special:Contributions/&amp;#126;2025-30839-28|&amp;#126;2025-30839-28]] ([[User talk:&amp;#126;2025-30839-28|talk]]) 20:54, 1 November 2025 (UTC)
:&lt;small&gt;I am a bit out of the loop, so correct me if I'm wrong - I'm assuming here&lt;/small&gt; I think the point is that they want you to ''not'' edit the Unicode stuff? Also hi kitty, it's been a ... very long time.. &lt;sup&gt;&amp;#8212; [[User:L10nM4st3r|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#c71300&quot;&gt;L10nM4st3r&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/sup&gt; / &lt;sub&gt;[[User talk:L10nM4st3r|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#ce3f00&quot;&gt;'''ROAR''' at me!&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/sub&gt; 01:13, 5 November 2025 (UTC)
::Ok so apparently not as long as I thought, but it feels like I've been away for at least a year lol &lt;sup&gt;&amp;#8212; [[User:L10nM4st3r|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#c71300&quot;&gt;L10nM4st3r&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/sup&gt; / &lt;sub&gt;[[User talk:L10nM4st3r|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#ce3f00&quot;&gt;'''ROAR''' at me!&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/sub&gt; 01:23, 5 November 2025 (UTC)
:::Nice to see you! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 15:41, 5 November 2025 (UTC)

== Administrator and reviewer user right combinations are not needed anymore ==

Given that administrators can review edits in addition to reviewers, I would suggest for you (and other administrators) to kindly remove the reviewer permission from (own) accounts. What I'm saying is that if one holds administrator and reviewer permissions together, they can remove the reviewer permission from their own account and retain their administrator permission. Thanks. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#0024FF&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 16:06, 11 November 2025 (UTC)

:Gotcha—is there a reason it's bad for one user to have both these rights? If so, I can remove my reviewer right. Otherwise, it seems fairly harmless? —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 19:26, 11 November 2025 (UTC)
:: The thing is, administrators have the &lt;code&gt;review&lt;/code&gt; user right, as well as some permissions in the reviewer user group in the administrator toolset. That means that having the reviewer user group together with the admin user group is redundant. Hope this explains it. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#0024FF&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 19:59, 11 November 2025 (UTC)
::: @[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] &lt;s&gt;I'll do this tomorrow morning, as well as to remove autoreviewed user permissions from users who are reviewers.&lt;/s&gt; ({{doing}}) [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#0024FF&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 03:24, 12 November 2025 (UTC)
: I have removed the autoreviewed user permission from users who are reviewers. As for administrators, I will do so later today. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#0024FF&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 03:40, 13 November 2025 (UTC)

== Nesting in Open Book of Ecovillages and Eco Communities  ==

Hi Kittycataclysm,

I am editor of wikipedia since 2004. We have the habit if we have a concern using the talk page to clarify the case. I am not sure to delete meaningful content without previous notification and doing major redirection without agreeing the main contributor(s) is an adequate admin act and sign of good manner of host (see [[W:Wikipedia:Etiquette|Wikipedia:Etiquette]].)

Yes, It will be not an average book but above the regular. This is the exact case: ''&quot;this may be appropriate, such as with large textbooks that contain subsections with a lot of content.&quot;'' ''for to establish good structural and stylistic practices''

I have a data management certification. If you asking it will have 4 nest level on strict purpose. If you saw the introduction of the [[Open Book of Ecovillages and Eco Communities]] is/will be a global collection making effective collaboration over borders and continents. One structured + categorized(!) page for each community willing to show up. The Postal addresses has also same or larger deepness, this is unavoidable (Country/Postal Code/Location/Street/House/floor/door). Here will looks like: '''Eco-comm/Continent/Regio code/Community name'''

The goal of this system to open bridge + experience highway  for the communities using the same permaculture technics what collected parallelly in [[Open Book of Permaculture]]. That is also part of this knowledge base please dont do simplification steps on that without discussion.

I am kindly asking to revert your edits in this book.

After that I will put a notification template  about 
 &quot;This book is under construction with major changes. Before contributing, please discuss and align your work with at least one of the main contributors listed in the Page History. Common clarifications/ guides are on the primary talk page.&quot;


Thanks: [[User:Rodrigo|Rodrigo]] ([[User talk:Rodrigo|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Rodrigo|contribs]]) 02:22, 12 November 2025 (UTC)

:Hi @[[User:Rodrigo|Rodrigo]], and thank you both for your contributions and for reaching out! Yes, I did make the following changes to [[Open Book of Ecovillages and Eco Communities]]:
:* I moved the pages from the [[Eco-comm]] namespace to the [[Open Book of Ecovillages and Eco Communities]] namespace, since the table of contents and pages for a given book should be under that book's namespace.
:* I removed the links to Wikipedia that were on [[Open Book of Ecovillages and Eco Communities]], since outlinking has been discouraged at en.Wikibooks as a matter of practice. Compilations of links may not fall into WB scope as an instructional text, and [[Wikibooks:Requests for deletion/Piano Solo Music: An Encyclopedia|there is precedent for deleting them]]. But, I do see that the tool I used didn't just remove links to enWP, so I will restore the prior revision and ping the tool developer.
:* I flagged it as needing denesting—you're right that nested entries can sometimes be appropriate. In this case, I was primarily flagging for a denest because the table of contents needs to be moved onto the main page, and it shouldn't have hidden navigation within the nested portions.
:Could you clarify which of these edits you do not agree with so I can make sure they are individually addressed? As an aside, it could be helpful to create a [[Help:Local manuals of style|local manual of style]] for the book in order to clearly outline the expectations. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:59, 12 November 2025 (UTC)
::My main concern not about moving and flagging but '''deleting''' [[Eco-comm]] against [[Wikibooks:Deletion policy]] and not mentioning in the clarification even after my notification. Should I note all administrators [[Wikibooks:Please do not bite the newcomers]] - or will they do speedy deleting one by one until I make them individually addressed?
:::The &lt;u&gt; local manual of style&lt;/u&gt; development is ongoing together with the sample pages.
::'''MAIN PAGE'''
::The '''Main page''' and '''Namespace''' is the [[Eco-comm]]. The '''Full Title''' or '''Cover''' is [[Open Book of Ecovillages and Eco Communities]]. Because of the high level of nesting the below extra-long-full-text-title to be avoided the Cover page is a redirection with preface/intro etc.
::'''NESTING '''
:::Featured book with 3 level nesting: [[Social and Cultural Foundations of American Education/Educational Change/Theory]]
:::5 level nesting example: [[Development Cooperation Handbook/Designing and Executing Projects/Communication Management/Communication Planning/Develop a Conflict Management Strategy]]
::'''Categories''' The [[:Category:Eco-comm]] will let the users make practical sub-categories e.g. [[:Category:Eco-comm/Project/numundo]] [[:Category:Eco-comm/]]
:::
::[[User:Rodrigo|Rodrigo]] ([[User talk:Rodrigo|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Rodrigo|contribs]]) 03:44, 18 November 2025 (UTC)
:::Thank you for elaborating! I'm unfortunately not sure what you mean about deleting [[Eco-comm]]—are you referring to the fact that I moved it without leaving a redirect? Regarding the nesting, I do honestly think those other books you linked should have their navigation denested since I find their format difficult to parse, and they have some navigation issues. Looping in some other active admins (@[[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]] @[[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] @[[User:JJPMaster|JJPMaster]] @[[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] (@[[User:SHB2000|SHB2000]]) so they can get eyes on this and voice anything they think is important. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 04:12, 18 November 2025 (UTC)
::::It makes no sense to have some crazy abbreviation as a &quot;main page&quot; or &quot;namespace&quot; (whatever that means in this context) for a book in order to allow it to be deep nested. Nobody needs to type the whole name of the nesting because that's what navigation templates do, and it is a simple matter to override the page title. I also take issue with the statement, above, &quot;Before contributing, please discuss and align your work with at least one of the main contributors listed in the Page History.&quot; Anybody can edit, and nobody gets to own and control any work. Taken together, this complaint looks like a case of attempting to assert ownership and to operate against the normal practices of Wikibooks. As such, I am completely aligned with the changes made. [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 12:49, 18 November 2025 (UTC)
:::::That. [[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]] ([[User talk:Leaderboard|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Leaderboard|contribs]]) 14:59, 18 November 2025 (UTC)
::::Thanks @[[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]]@[[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]] for the contribution, btw the [[Development Cooperation Handbook/Designing and Executing Projects/Communication Management/Communication Planning/Develop a Conflict Management Strategy]] also looks crazy long, is'nt it? Lets continue in the [[Wikibooks:Reading_room/General]] keeping this page for personal messages. [[User:Rodrigo|Rodrigo]] ([[User talk:Rodrigo|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Rodrigo|contribs]]) 23:07, 20 November 2025 (UTC)

== Deletions of Wikibook subpages ==

Hello @[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]],

regarding the [[Thesis Writing Guide]] subpage deletions, should I just recreate them when I keep working on them or was there an automatic deletion that we could undo? This document will grow, but really slowly.

Best,
Tim [[User:TimBorgNetzWerk|TimBorgNetzWerk]] ([[User talk:TimBorgNetzWerk|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/TimBorgNetzWerk|contribs]]) 11:37, 16 December 2025 (UTC)

:Hi @[[User:TimBorgNetzWerk|TimBorgNetzWerk]]! Since there was so little content on the deleted pages, my recommendation would just be for you to gradually recreate the chapters as you go. Does that make sense? Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 19:54, 17 December 2025 (UTC)
::Makes sense, not my ideal solution, but also not far from it :) The end result will be the same, the in-between will just feel a little bit weird from time to time.
::Thank you for taking time to curate and quality-control Wikibooks - wishing wonderful holidays and a happy new year! [[User:TimBorgNetzWerk|TimBorgNetzWerk]] ([[User talk:TimBorgNetzWerk|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/TimBorgNetzWerk|contribs]]) 20:43, 17 December 2025 (UTC)
:::Thank you, and happy holidays to you as well :) —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:13, 17 December 2025 (UTC)

== help with &quot;Media Literacy and You&quot; == 

{{re|Kittycataclysm}} What do I need to do to get a quality review of ''[[Media Literacy and You]]'', or whatever is needed to remove &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Qr-em|not clear how this is to be structured as a book}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;? 

I ask, because you added that flag just over 2 hours after I created it. I later found that I had accidentally created it as an anonymous user. I've since started using my standard Wikiname, and I tried to respond to the requests both by creating a discussion on the &quot;Discussion&quot; page associated with that book and by upgrading the content. 

The upgrades included adding the &quot;Introduction&quot; chapter by revising an article on Wikiversity that convinced me to start this Wikibook. I have other articles that I plan to rewrite to create 9 of the remaining 11 chapters in the current table of contents, as indicated in this table of contents. 

??? Thanks, [[User:DavidMCEddy|DavidMCEddy]] ([[User talk:DavidMCEddy|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/DavidMCEddy|contribs]]) 02:23, 8 February 2026 (UTC)

:Hi @[[User:DavidMCEddy|DavidMCEddy]]! I removed the query flag, since this is clearly not a test page. I do have concerns about the suitability of this book for Wikibooks, since it seems to be more in line with essays and original research/analysis (which are [[Wikibooks:WIW|out of scope here]]). Wikiversity seems like a very suitable place for them—is there a specific reason you want to move them here? Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 16:24, 8 February 2026 (UTC)

::{{re|Kittycataclysm}} 
::This book is intended to accelerate the diffusion of [[w:Media literacy|media literacy]] by making it easier for humans to (a) access training materials and (b) connect with research on the most important issues that concern them and (c) discuss those issues with others who may believe differently in a nonthreatening context that encourages dialogue and a shared search for what can honestly be said about any particular issue. This is an extension of &quot;The wisdom of polarized crowds&quot; discussed in [[Wikipedia:Reliability of Wikipedia]]. 

::I don't know about you, but I'm frightened by the collapse of nuclear arms control agreements since the year 2000, by global warming, by the threats of the Trump administration to invade Canada and Greenland, etc. If this book project is successful, it will make a material contribution to reversing these trends -- unless this kind of dialogue is [[v:Responding to a nuclear attack|interrupted by a nuclear war]]. 

=== Who is DavidMCEddy ===

::I'm a [[w:Vietnam veteran|Vietnam-era veteran]] with a PhD in statistics and a publication record for which [https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Spencer-Graves-3 ReserchGate has found over 1,200 academic publications that have cited my work.] Since  [https://xtools.wmcloud.org/ec/en.wikipedia.org/DavidMCEddy 2010 I have logged]
*  6,000+ edits in each of Wikipedia and Wikiversity, 
*  1,000+ in Wikimedia Commons, 
* 30,000+ in Wikidata, and 
* almost 1,000 in other Wikimedia Foundation projects like Wikiquote and edits to the Spanish, French and German Wikipedias. 

This includes dozens of research reports posted to Wikiversity under [[v:Category:Freedom and abundance]] and 44 posts under [[v:Category:Media reform to improve democracy]] that provide a platform for documenting and discussing 44 episodes of a fortnightly &quot;Media &amp; Democracy&quot; series of 29:00 mm:ss podcasts syndicated for the [https://pacificanetwork.org/stations-2/ Pacifica Radio Network] featuring the opinions of leading experts on the increase in political polarization and violence and what those experts think should be done about this. 

I've just posted another chapter to [[Media Literacy and You/The impact of the media on political economy since the time of the Pharaohs]]. I hope you will agree that this book can make a positive contribution to Wikibooks and to [[w:Jimmy Wales|Jimbo Wales]]' [[w:Wikipedia:Prime objective|Prime Directive]] to create &quot;a world in which every single person on the planet is given free access to the sum of all human knowledge.&quot; Thanks, [[User:DavidMCEddy|DavidMCEddy]] ([[User talk:DavidMCEddy|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/DavidMCEddy|contribs]]) 01:19, 9 February 2026 (UTC)

:@[[User:DavidMCEddy|DavidMCEddy]] Thank you and I understand this, but I am asking why you think this material is more suitable at Wikibooks rather than at Wikiversity. From what I can see, Wikiversity seems like the more appropriate home for it given our [[Wikibooks:WIW|scope]]. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:59, 9 February 2026 (UTC)

::{{re|Kittycataclysm}} 

::&quot;Media Literacy and You&quot; is textbook to support both self study and classes on media literacy. 

::I have been posting content to Wikiversity since 2014 and have not encountered support there for books. A search just now turned up a hint of a book on Wikiversity, but I could not easily find anything on how to do it, etc.  

::I think this &quot;Media Literacy and You&quot; project would lose the vast majority of its potential if it were not on Wikibooks. 

::??? Thanks, [[User:DavidMCEddy|DavidMCEddy]] ([[User talk:DavidMCEddy|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/DavidMCEddy|contribs]]) 02:22, 9 February 2026 (UTC)

{{outdent}}

{{re|Kittycataclysm}} 
Will you please help me with the protocols of creating a book on Wikiversity? 

1. I have found documentation that claims that Wikiversity supports such. However, the documentation seems incomplete, potentially out of date, etc. For example, I could not see how to follow the instructions for [[Wikiversity:Help:Books#Step 1: Enable the &quot;Book creator&quot; tool]]. So I posted a question to [[Wikiversity:Help talk:Books]]. 

2. What do you suggest I do next? 

:I can create an article on Wikiversity titled, &quot;Media Literacy and You&quot;, and port everything I've posted to Wikibooks there, then replace the pages on Wikibooks with redirects to [[Wikiversity:Media Literacy and You]], [[Wikiversity:Media Literacy and You/Introduction]], and [[Wikiversity:Media Literacy and You/The impact of the media on political economy since the time of the Pharaohs]]. 

:If you think that's the best way to build this book project, great. It would actually be easier for me, because there would be less translation between what I already have on Wikiversity and a version for Wikibooks. (Also, Wikiversity supports &lt;nowiki&gt;{{cite Q|...}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;, which I have used extensively for years.) 

:Thanks for your help. [[User:DavidMCEddy|DavidMCEddy]] ([[User talk:DavidMCEddy|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/DavidMCEddy|contribs]]) 13:26, 9 February 2026 (UTC)

:@[[User:DavidMCEddy|DavidMCEddy]] Unfortunately, I am not familiar with the exact workings of Wikiversity, so I can't be much help there. My personal recommendation is that you ask there for help on how best to structure your materials to match the WV requirements. If you'd like some additional opinions/insight, please feel free to also check in at the [[Wikibooks:Reading room/General|reading room]]. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:22, 10 February 2026 (UTC)

::{{re|Kittycataclysm}} I believe I have finished migrating all of ''Media Literacy and You'' to Wikiversity and replacing the parts of it on Wikibooks with redirects. Comments? Thanks, [[User:DavidMCEddy|DavidMCEddy]] ([[User talk:DavidMCEddy|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/DavidMCEddy|contribs]]) 17:32, 10 February 2026 (UTC)

== Thank you!  ==

Heya, thanks for reviewing my stuff! Just to note, the first lesson page was done and so that'll need moving. If you want to discuss anything with me, I am easily reachable on Discord @ xiluosi233. I can explain philosophy, approach, and so on from my teaching experience if you want anything regarding that. [[User:Shira the Mogul|Shira the Mogul]] ([[User talk:Shira the Mogul|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Shira the Mogul|contribs]]) 19:48, 17 February 2026 (UTC)

:It appears [[An Introduction to the Han Script]] was moved wrong - should it not be [[General Literary Chinese from Scratch/An Introduction to the Han Script]]? [[User:Shira the Mogul|Shira the Mogul]] ([[User talk:Shira the Mogul|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Shira the Mogul|contribs]]) 19:52, 17 February 2026 (UTC)
::@[[User:Shira the Mogul|Shira the Mogul]] good catch! I accidentally removed more of the title than intended. I've fixed this now. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 13:18, 18 February 2026 (UTC)

== A test request ==

Just to see whether a recent Luna update turned out as intended, could you briefly revert your [[User:Kittycataclysm/lunaoptions.json|Luna preferences page]] to the first revision? Since you don't appear to have any custom preferences in the first place, I don't think there should be any conflicts. [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]&lt;sub&gt;[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]&lt;sub&gt;[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/sub&gt; ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 01:49, 30 March 2026 (UTC)

:Done! But, it seems to have perhaps auto-updated again immediately afterwards. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 15:39, 10 April 2026 (UTC)

== Linking ==
Hi,&lt;br&gt;
For my edification, why is a link from [[Cookbook:nettle|nettle]] to [[w:Urtica_dioica|Urtica dioica]] not appropriate? The Wikipedia article has more information &amp; seems relevant.&lt;br&gt;
Thanks, ... [[User:PeterEasthope|PeterEasthope]] ([[User talk:PeterEasthope|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/PeterEasthope|contribs]]) 01:53, 24 April 2026 (UTC)

:@[[User:PeterEasthope|PeterEasthope]] good question! Wikibooks discourages outlinking, since books should be self-contained units. Instead of linking to [[w:Urtica dioica]], the correct approach would be to flesh out the actual chapter here at Wikibooks. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 17:34, 24 April 2026 (UTC)
::Should all material in the Wikipedia article about Urtica dioica relevant to cooking be duplicated into the nettle article in the cookbook? Thanks, ... [[User:PeterEasthope|PeterEasthope]] ([[User talk:PeterEasthope|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/PeterEasthope|contribs]]) 02:30, 2 May 2026 (UTC)
:::@[[User:PeterEasthope|PeterEasthope]] you could do that, although you should only include information that is sourced. However, I recommend that you wait, because I am coincidentally working on the page right now and fleshing it out significantly. I should publish today. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 21:40, 2 May 2026 (UTC)
::::The nettle page is better now. Thanks.
::::I still wonder, given that the link to ''The Complete Guide to Edible Wild Plants, ...'' is permitted, why not a link to the botanically oriented page in Wikipedia. What if someone reads the Cookbook article and is interested in the toxin for example? Seems that non-Wikimedia references are more privileged than Wikimedia references.
::::Also, by chance, just noticed the [[w:Nettle_soup|Nettle soup]] article in Wikipedia. Better in the Cookbook?
::::Thx, ... [[User:PeterEasthope|PeterEasthope]] ([[User talk:PeterEasthope|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/PeterEasthope|contribs]]) 19:10, 5 May 2026 (UTC)
:::::Another good question. The reason those books are linked is because they are reputable and topical sources for the subject matter (nettles as used in cooking from an instructional perspective), and the links are part of the citations—this makes it different from a simple outlink to a Wikipedia page. Wikipedia pages should also not be cited themselves as sources. Regarding nettle soup, I don't think it makes sense to have that as a standalone page here in the cookbook due to its encyclopedic tone, and I don't see any recipes there. Does this make sense? —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 00:21, 6 May 2026 (UTC)
::::::Somewhat. Certainly a recipe wouldn't be incongruous in a cookbook. Still seems unhelpful that relevant information in Wikipedia is inaccessible from a Wikibook. In effect there's a &quot;Berlin Wall&quot; between two Wikimedia projects. Would a &quot;See also&quot; section be permissible?
::::::Thanks, ... [[User:PeterEasthope|PeterEasthope]] ([[User talk:PeterEasthope|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/PeterEasthope|contribs]]) 14:00, 7 May 2026 (UTC)

== You may be an eligible candidate for the U4C election ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
Greetings,

The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)]] seeks candidates for the 2026 election. The U4C is the global committee responsible for overseeing enforcement of the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct]]. Elections are held annually, if elected a committee member serves for two years.

This year the U4C requires candidates to hold administrator rights on at least one wiki, which is why you are being contacted as you appear to hold this right. There are other requirements, such as candidates must be at least 18 years old and may not be employed by the Wikimedia Foundation or other related chapters and affiliates. You can find more information in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026#Call_for_Candidates|call for candidates on Meta-wiki]]. Additionally, the committee's working language is English; some ability to communicate in English is required.

The election opens on 18 May, if you are eligible and interested you have until 10 May to submit your candidacy. There will week between for candidates to answer questions from the community. Voting takes place privately in [[m:Special:MyLanguage/SecurePoll|SecurePoll]], successful candidates must receive at least 60% support. More information is available on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026|the 2026 Elections page]], including timelines and other candidacy information. If you read over the material and consider yourself qualified, please consider submitting your name to run for the committee. If you think someone else in your community might be interested and qualified, please encourage them to run.

In partnership with the U4C -- [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User_talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 18:32, 28 April 2026 (UTC) &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Keegan_(WMF)/test&amp;oldid=30471751 --&gt;

== Undeletion request ==

Hello,


I am writing to request an undeletion of the page Saumya Pandya Thakkar, Shakuntala Pandya and the Pedestrians of Ahmedabad. You stated you are a frequent visitor of the Lentis page and are thus familiar with it. This page was part of a class assignment and was in progress at the time of deletion. The work deleted is what we will be graded on for our class, so we would appreciate the restoration. [[User:Yqj3km|Yqj3km]] ([[User talk:Yqj3km|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Yqj3km|contribs]]) 19:36, 4 May 2026 (UTC)

:@[[User:Yqj3km|Yqj3km]] see my response below regarding undeletion. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 22:15, 4 May 2026 (UTC)

== Undeletion request ==

About the page on Lentis called Saumya Pandya Thakkar, Shakuntala Pandya and the Pedestrians of Ahmedabad: I, too, request undeletion, please. If the authors made any msitakes, the fault is 100 percent mine, for failing to guide them correctly. Like all chapters in this book, this team's chapter is a class assignment. I will be interested also in the reason for deletion so that I can guide authors better. I want to help my students be constructive contributors. Many thanks!

[[User:Norton|Norton]] ([[User talk:Norton|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Norton|contribs]]) 20:03, 4 May 2026 (UTC)

:Hi @[[User:Norton|Norton]] and thanks for the ping! I deleted it because it was not titled/filed correctly, so I didn't realize it was part of [[Lentis]]. I have undeleted it and moved it to [[Lentis/Saumya Pandya Thakkar, Shakuntala Pandya and the Pedestrians of Ahmedabad]]. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 22:14, 4 May 2026 (UTC)
::Many, many thanks, @[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]]! I am very grateful as always for everything you do for Wikibooks!
::[[User:Norton|Norton]] ([[User talk:Norton|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Norton|contribs]]) 22:27, 4 May 2026 (UTC)

== Log in issues ==

Hi, messaging you as you seem to be the most active admin at the moment. I can't log in (as posted at  &lt;bdi&gt;[[Wikibooks:Reading room/Administrative Assistance]] and also on my WP page at&lt;/bdi&gt; [[w:User_talk:Xania]]). Seems to be an issue with extra security for admins? I am asked to use my authenticator app (which I can't as I have never set it up for Wikibooks) or a recovery code (which I don't have). Any idea what I should do in this situation? Xania [[Special:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-28255-89|&amp;#126;2026-28255-89]] ([[User talk:&amp;#126;2026-28255-89|talk]]) 18:21, 10 May 2026 (UTC)

:Apologies for missing this yesterday! It seems like we have a few people working on it over in the reading room, and I'll keep track there. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 16:37, 11 May 2026 (UTC)

== Splitting pages ==
FYI, I untagged [[Art Print Production Methods]] as for splitting: the page is rather small with its 20 KB and does not need splitting, in my view. Ideally, there would be an operationalized, fairly detailed policy on the matter, but I do not know of one. Single-page books are in [[:Category:One-page books]]. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 04:45, 20 May 2026 (UTC)

== &lt;s&gt;Slander&lt;/s&gt; ==

&lt;S&gt;Your tag is slanderous and very easily proven wrong.&lt;/s&gt;[https://en.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=Five_Rules_for_Meaningful_Living&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=4654455] Given you likely didn't bother to look at the edit history, I would remind you that your given reason that you think it was AI is because you see the chapter is &quot;numbered&quot;. That however was 100% my own personal decision after I reviewed my work and thought to myself that I later wrote in the introduction that there is a first to fourth chapter. However I thought to myself that the readers would not be easily made aware of what is meant by first to fourth as I didn't number them - so is why I dedicated an entire edit to make it less ambiguous  [https://en.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=Five_Rules_for_Meaningful_Living&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=4654328]. I should not have to be falsely penalized because I wanted to be more considerate and ensure better clarity. I do however request AI to help me figure out coding like this - [https://en.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=Five_Rules_for_Meaningful_Living&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=4654329] as I don't know how to link. But I intentionally take great efforts to not rely on AI to write that book and find your wrongful presumptions troubling. [[User:JaredMcKenzie|JaredMcKenzie]] ([[User talk:JaredMcKenzie|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/JaredMcKenzie|contribs]]) 06:00, 15 July 2026 (UTC)

:@[[User:JaredMcKenzie|JaredMcKenzie]] thank you for clarifying! I flagged it for review because it matched a common pattern we see associated with LLM use here. If that is not the case, then nothing needs to happen in that respect; however, you will likely want to fix the lists so that they are correctly formatted in the Wikitext and not hard-written—let me know if you have any questions about that. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:14, 16 July 2026 (UTC)
::Yeah, I don't instantly understand what you mean by &quot;correctly formatted&quot; list. At first, I assumed you were referring to chapter 4 - (''Further reading'')? But I think I know what you mean. I made this edit here [https://en.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=Five_Rules_for_Meaningful_Living&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=4654738] to align with how I see wikibooks typically do lists. Did I fix it? If not, feel free to clarify.[[User:JaredMcKenzie|JaredMcKenzie]] ([[User talk:JaredMcKenzie|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/JaredMcKenzie|contribs]]) 18:35, 16 July 2026 (UTC)
::I thought about how I responded earlier. Even tho I still disagree, I probably shouldn't have used such a tone. I imagine admins like yourself do a lot of work overseeing wiki and the project owes a lot to you guys. So I take back my harsh words, and I hope we're good.[[User:JaredMcKenzie|JaredMcKenzie]] ([[User talk:JaredMcKenzie|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/JaredMcKenzie|contribs]]) 03:38, 17 July 2026 (UTC)
:::@[[User:JaredMcKenzie|JaredMcKenzie]] I appreciate that—thank you! And thank you for [[Special:Diff/4654738|making those changes to the lists]], which was indeed what I was referring to. Happy editing! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 13:31, 17 July 2026 (UTC)

== The Geoguide ==

I literally wrote all of this myself I used no AI if you want to you can highlight the areas that seem way too formal and ill fix them [[User:Kayden Swanson|Kayden Swanson]] ([[User talk:Kayden Swanson|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kayden Swanson|contribs]]) 04:22, 18 July 2026 (UTC)

:Thank you! I have removed the flag. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 20:41, 20 July 2026 (UTC)

== Vandalism ==

your recent   changes may not be constructive.

{{Warning}}

[[User:Duodeca 12|Duodeca 12]] ([[User talk:Duodeca 12|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Duodeca 12|contribs]]) 20:39, 2 August 2026 (UTC)

== Your recent revert ==
Could you explain [[Special:Diff/4670314]]? This seems to be you ''restoring'' vandalism, which was originally introduced by [[Special:Diff/4669920]]. [[User:EggRoll97|EggRoll97]] ([[User talk:EggRoll97|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/EggRoll97|contribs]]) 20:06, 15 September 2026 (UTC)

:Good catch! Somehow I didn't have the most recent version of a page loaded, and it seems like Luna reverts the most recent edit of a page and not the specific edit you're viewing. The edit in question should be fixed now. Thanks! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 20:11, 15 September 2026 (UTC)
::Sorry {{PAGENAME}} for butting in here, I hope you don't mind.
::Just wanted to mention that I have had a few  similar experiences when editing (not having the most recent version of a page loaded). Once this caused me friction with an admin who was convinced I was willfully undoing their edit. This happened years ago on another wikimedia project.
::Ottawahitech [[Special:Contributions/~2026-40500-29|~2026-40500-29]] ([[User talk:~2026-40500-29|talk]]) 01:18, 16 September 2026 (UTC)

== Confirmed user ==
&lt;s&gt;If this is one, could I perhaps be a confirmed user? The software has not granted me autoconfirmed, despite me having the requirements.&lt;/s&gt; [[User:TechVindicator|TechVindicator]] ([[User talk:TechVindicator|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/TechVindicator|contribs]]) 23:50, 22 September 2026 (UTC)
:This is not needed anymore, thank you! [[User:TechVindicator|TechVindicator]] ([[User talk:TechVindicator|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/TechVindicator|contribs]]) 23:58, 22 September 2026 (UTC)

== Vandalism on Unicode/Character reference/1F000-1FFFF ==
I caught the LTA adding Unicode characters which aren't even approved, I undid it, and they reverted. Please semi-protect this page.[[User:Alexlatham96|Alexlatham96]] ([[User talk:Alexlatham96|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Alexlatham96|contribs]]) 15:33, 27 September 2026 (UTC)

== Pages by [[User:Ruth Bulyaba M]] ==
Hello Kittycataclysm,
I would like to bring to your attention the pages created by this user. I have used AI checkers to check if the page was created by AI, and it turned out to be positive. I have reached out to the user, to no response. Could you perhaps verify if their pages were created by AI? Thank you. [[User:TechVindicator|TechVindicator]] ([[User talk:TechVindicator|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/TechVindicator|contribs]]) 11:26, 29 September 2026 (UTC)
:Could you perhaps also check [[User:Matovu_Trevor/sandbox|this page]]? Many thanks. [[User:TechVindicator|TechVindicator]] ([[User talk:TechVindicator|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/TechVindicator|contribs]]) 11:28, 29 September 2026 (UTC)
::After a cursory look, I do agree that these are LLM-generated. I'm starting to see an influx of editors who add LLM generated content to their sandboxes to take advantage of the fact that we are typically much more lenient about what editors do in their sandboxes. However, because I can't see any way for them to edit the material and publish it in a way that still complies with our policy, I'm inclined to delete them—we ban AI-generated ideas, and there is no way to alter the existing material in a way that circumvents that. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:33, 1 October 2026 (UTC)
:::I will note, as an aside, that we do not rely on automated AI checkers, which have their own flaws—rather, we should be able to articulate exactly why we believe something to be in violation of the policy. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:34, 1 October 2026 (UTC)

== Recipe ==
Hello Kittycataclysm, 
I have created a [https://en.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=User:MathsScienceNerd1/sandbox&amp;oldid=4678337 recipe] that has been translated from nlwikibooks, and I do not know whether it is suitable for enwikibooks, other than it is a recipe of nlwikibooks and thus may conform to the Cookbook MoS over there. Could you perhaps check the page? Regards, --[[User:MathsScienceNerd1|MathsScienceNerd1]] ([[User talk:MathsScienceNerd1|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathsScienceNerd1|contribs]]) 12:29, 26 October 2026 (UTC)
==[[:Cookbook:Colcannon (Scottish)]]==
{{tmbox|type=delete|text='''Kittycataclysm, please [[Wikibooks:Requests for deletion#Cookbook:Colcannon (Scottish)|share your thoughts]] about whether to [[WB:WIW|keep]] or [[WB:DP|delete]] &quot;[[:Cookbook:Colcannon (Scottish)|Cookbook:Colcannon (Scottish)]]&quot;.'''&lt;br /&gt;You are being notified because you have contributed to this work. [[User:MathsScienceNerd1|MathsScienceNerd1]] ([[User talk:MathsScienceNerd1|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathsScienceNerd1|contribs]]) 11:33, 30 October 2026 (UTC)}}

:Thank you for the flag! What was the reasoning for deletion here? I don't see it on the page itself. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 19:53, 3 November 2026 (UTC)
::Ah, my bad! I see it over at RfD. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 19:55, 3 November 2026 (UTC)

== I have added a tag to a page you created ==
Hi! I'm MathsScienceNerd1, and I recently reviewed your page, [[:Cookbook:Curry Paste]]. I have added a tag to the page, because it &lt;strong&gt;may meet the [[Wikibooks:Deletion policy#Speedy deletions|criteria for speedy deletion]].&lt;/strong&gt; This means that it can be deleted at any time.  If you believe that your page should not be deleted, please post a message on [[Cookbook talk:Curry Paste|the page's talk page]] explaining why. &lt;strong&gt;If your reasoning is convincing, your page may be saved.&lt;/strong&gt; If you have any questions or concerns, please [[User talk:MathsScienceNerd1|let me know]]. Thank you! &lt;!-- Substituted from User:JJPMaster/CurateThisPage/authorMsg --&gt; [[User:MathsScienceNerd1|MathsScienceNerd1]] ([[User talk:MathsScienceNerd1|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathsScienceNerd1|contribs]]) 22:23, 2 November 2026 (UTC)
== I have added a tag to a page you created ==
Hi! I'm MathsScienceNerd1, and I recently reviewed your page, [[:Cookbook:Doubanjiang]]. I have added a tag to the page, because it &lt;strong&gt;may meet the [[Wikibooks:Deletion policy#Speedy deletions|criteria for speedy deletion]].&lt;/strong&gt; This means that it can be deleted at any time.  If you believe that your page should not be deleted, please post a message on [[Cookbook talk:Doubanjiang|the page's talk page]] explaining why. &lt;strong&gt;If your reasoning is convincing, your page may be saved.&lt;/strong&gt; If you have any questions or concerns, please [[User talk:MathsScienceNerd1|let me know]]. Thank you! &lt;!-- Substituted from User:JJPMaster/CurateThisPage/authorMsg --&gt; [[User:MathsScienceNerd1|MathsScienceNerd1]] ([[User talk:MathsScienceNerd1|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathsScienceNerd1|contribs]]) 22:29, 2 November 2026 (UTC)
== I have added a tag to a page you created ==
Hi! I'm MathsScienceNerd1, and I recently reviewed your page, [[:Cookbook:Seitan]]. I have added a tag to the page, because it &lt;strong&gt;may meet the [[Wikibooks:Deletion policy#Speedy deletions|criteria for speedy deletion]].&lt;/strong&gt; This means that it can be deleted at any time.  If you believe that your page should not be deleted, please post a message on [[Cookbook talk:Seitan|the page's talk page]] explaining why. &lt;strong&gt;If your reasoning is convincing, your page may be saved.&lt;/strong&gt; If you have any questions or concerns, please [[User talk:MathsScienceNerd1|let me know]]. Thank you! &lt;!-- Substituted from User:JJPMaster/CurateThisPage/authorMsg --&gt; [[User:MathsScienceNerd1|MathsScienceNerd1]] ([[User talk:MathsScienceNerd1|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathsScienceNerd1|contribs]]) 22:30, 2 November 2026 (UTC)

== Clarification Regarding Deleted Wikibooks Sandbox and Future Contributions ==
I understand there are issues with my sandbox due to deletion and the AI content policy of Wikibooks. However, I would like to contribute to the project by using my own work.

If I were to make a new sandbox with the original content would that be ok?

Please let me know what to do.

Thanks [[User:SandeepLPU|SandeepLPU]] ([[User talk:SandeepLPU|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/SandeepLPU|contribs]]) 17:22, 5 November 2026 (UTC)

:Hi @[[User:SandeepLPU|SandeepLPU]] and thanks for reaching out! You shouldn't just add back the originally deleted content, since that would still contain AI-generated materials. Instead, I recommend going back to the last point at which the content is entirely your own, and starting over with that. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 17:31, 6 November 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>3uloed9xoesi2z5g5dda5kgr7cx05mv</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4680640</id>
      <parentid>4680531</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-07T08:51:34Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>SandeepLPU</username>
        <id>3626630</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Clarification Regarding Deleted Wikibooks Sandbox and Future Contributions */ Reply</comment>
      <origin>4680640</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="107784" sha1="d2p1r0zerix3vp8au6gvpx6wsiu3uhs" xml:space="preserve">{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Talk Page Archives
|-
|[[User talk:Kittycataclysm/Archive 2022|2022]]
|[[User talk:Kittycataclysm/Archive 2023|2023]]
|[[User talk:Kittycataclysm/Archive 2024|2024]]

|}

== That IP range calculator ==

Following [[phab:T381138|T381138]], I have now become the maintainer of the IP range calculator you like. You can find it [[toolforge:ftools/general/ip-range-calc.html|here]]. [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]&lt;sub&gt;[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]&lt;sub&gt;[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/sub&gt; ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 23:10, 9 January 2025 (UTC)

:Thank you for the heads-up! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:56, 10 January 2025 (UTC)

== A merge and unmerge from two years ago ==

I was browsing through the history merge log when I saw that you merged [[Cookbook:Chicken Bog]] into [[Cookbook:Chicken Bog I]], and then promptly reverted it. What happened here exactly? Could I correct it? [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]&lt;sub&gt;[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]&lt;sub&gt;[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/sub&gt; ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 15:55, 10 January 2025 (UTC)

:Good question! I can't remember what I was trying to do, but it looks like I didn't succeed at what I wanted based on the log comment. You're just trying to history merge to get [[Cookbook:Chicken Bog I]] to have continuity of history? —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 16:35, 10 January 2025 (UTC)
::I think I figured out your mistake: it outright moved the revisions from the first page to the second, rather than copying them. This would have caused the other two [[Cookbook:Chicken Bog]] pages to have incomplete histories. I think the only solution would be to XML import the pre-April 2023 revisions from the first page to the other three, and I'm not sure if that's the best idea, and I am technically unable to do so. [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]&lt;sub&gt;[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]&lt;sub&gt;[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/sub&gt; ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 16:49, 10 January 2025 (UTC)

== Undeletion request ==

I wouldn't be surprised if you expected this, but I'd like to ask you to undelete the subpages of [[Rotorcraft Fundamentals]] you just deleted with the summary &quot;Use of copyrighted work without permission. Please read Terms of Use: page needs to be imported for attribution&quot;, so that I can do that. [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]&lt;sub&gt;[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]&lt;sub&gt;[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/sub&gt; ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 19:54, 14 January 2025 (UTC)

:Done! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 19:57, 14 January 2025 (UTC)
::Upon further investigation, this might actually be a rare case where an [[WB:UT|unmerged transwiki]] is ''preferred'' (this is part of why I stopped calling them &quot;bad transwikis&quot;), since only a small portion of the Wikipedia article (with over 2,000 revisions) was copied over. Importation is generally only needed if the ''majority'' of the page is copied across wikis. I'll just leave a null edit providing attribution and add {{tlx|Copied}}. [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]&lt;sub&gt;[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]&lt;sub&gt;[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/sub&gt; ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 21:19, 14 January 2025 (UTC)

== Reusing [[Cookbook:8 Desserts in 1 Pan]] on wikiHow ==

Hi, I am a user on wikiHow, see [[wikihow:User:Xeverything11]]. I would like to create a new recipe on wikiHow. I wanted to let us know if I can give permission to reuse your contributions to this recipe from Wikibooks to wikiHow. I (as a copyright holder) created this recipe on Wikibooks, but you contributed to this recipe.

If not, I'll use the revision before you contributed since I was the only author. 

Wikibooks uses CC-BY-SA 4.0 while wikiHow uses CC-BY-NC-SA 3.0, which both licenses are incompatible due to ShareAlike conditions.

Thanks [[User:Xeverything11|Xeverything11]] ([[User talk:Xeverything11|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Xeverything11|contribs]]) 08:27, 15 January 2025 (UTC)

:@[[User:Xeverything11|Xeverything11]] I'm personally fine with this as long as proper attribution is given back to the original recipe page here. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:52, 20 January 2025 (UTC)
::I adapted this [[wikihow:Make-8-Desserts-in-1-Pan|recipe]] on wikiHow with attribution, and got a Rising Star (an achievement used for best new articles on wikiHow). Thank you! [[User:Xeverything11|Xeverything11]] ([[User talk:Xeverything11|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Xeverything11|contribs]]) 19:49, 24 January 2025 (UTC)

== Wikibooks community ==

Hi, @[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]]!

I am trying to contribute more to English Wikibooks. My main contributions will focus on the Cookbook, especially on Indonesian recipes. Do you have a community group where we can discuss and share ideas together?

I am looking forward to join. Thank you!

[[User:Raflinoer32|Raflinoer32]] ([[User talk:Raflinoer32|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Raflinoer32|contribs]]) 08:47, 16 January 2025 (UTC)

:@[[User:Raflinoer32|Raflinoer32]] Sorry I missed this, and welcome! Are you asking about a Cookbook-specific area for discussion? Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:39, 20 January 2025 (UTC)
::Yes. Do you know place for this?
::Thank you 
::[[User:Raflinoer32|Raflinoer32]] ([[User talk:Raflinoer32|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Raflinoer32|contribs]]) 09:41, 21 January 2025 (UTC)
:::Honestly, there's not a centralized Cookbook-specific discussion space, especially since there aren't currently a ton of active contributors. Some people ask questions at [[Cookbook talk:Table of Contents]]. I'm currently the most consistently active and involved Cookbook editor, so feel free to ask me questions! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:46, 22 January 2025 (UTC)

== Congratulations! ==

[[File:Admin T-shirt.svg|thumb|You get this now.]]
You are now a permanent administrator. Welcome to the team (I am entitled to say this because I technically got the extension a few hours before you did)!{{FBDB}} [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]&lt;sub&gt;[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]&lt;sub&gt;[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/sub&gt; ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 10:33, 29 January 2025 (UTC)

:Thanks :) —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 13:29, 29 January 2025 (UTC)

== Is there a way to contact a Steward on WikiBooks? ==

Hi {{PAGENAME}},
Is there a way to contact a Steward on WB? I tried to find who the active Stewards are here  at [[Special:ActiveUsers?username=&amp;groups%5B%5D=steward&amp;wpFormIdentifier=specialactiveusers]] but nothing shows up.

The reason I am asking is that I believe that all individual Wikimania-wikis should have a backward link to the [[Wikimania-wiki]], but I just visited the [[wikimania 2014 wiki]] and could not  find this backward link. I tried to ask about this  on the [[Wikimania 2014 main-page talk]] but disovered that the Stewards have protected it. 

Is there a way  wikibookians can communicate with Stewards at WB? Thanks in advance for answering this non-urgent question, and apologies for all the red-links which I can bluify if needed. Cheers [[User:Ottawahitech|Ottawahitech]] ([[User talk:Ottawahitech|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Ottawahitech|contribs]]) 16:37, 7 February 2025 (UTC)

:@[[User:Ottawahitech|Ottawahitech]] You can ask this on somewhere like [[metawiki:Steward requests/Miscellaneous]]. [[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]] ([[User talk:Leaderboard|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Leaderboard|contribs]]) 17:01, 7 February 2025 (UTC)
&lt;s&gt;:@[[User:Ottawahitech|Ottawahitech]] seconding what Leaderboard said—we no longer have any active stewards at enWB.&lt;/s&gt; Had a brain fade there and mixed up stewards with bureaucrats. Yes, meta is the place for this. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 19:15, 7 February 2025 (UTC)
::@Kittycataclysm,@[[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]], or anyone else:
::Some wikibookians prefer for various reasons to post only at wb. I myself am indef-blocked at  META so could not participate at [[metawiki:Steward requests/Miscellaneous]] even if I waned to.
::Since [[Wikimania]] is a topic of interest to all members of the [[wikimedia movement]] why can't wikibookians talk to thier elected representatives here? [[User:Ottawahitech|Ottawahitech]] ([[User talk:Ottawahitech|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Ottawahitech|contribs]]) 20:56, 7 February 2025 (UTC)
:::@[[User:Ottawahitech|Ottawahitech]] I can check with the blocking admin to see if they'd be willing to unblock you, if you'd like. The reason things like these are done at Meta is that Meta is a cross-project coordination platform - stewards ''cannot'' be expected to watch every project after all. Now you could message any steward here on Wikibooks if you really wanted to, but that is not normally a good idea. [[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]] ([[User talk:Leaderboard|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Leaderboard|contribs]]) 02:26, 8 February 2025 (UTC)
::::Wikimania is the annual conference celebrating all the free knowledge projects hosted by the Wikimedia Foundation (WMF).  It is a wikimedia initiative which is meant to help all of our projects (including wikibooks), gain more readership, educate more wiki-editors, foster better communications, and much more.  The wmf has been hosting  a Wikimania-wiki dedicated to each Wikimania annual event since 2004. These wikis contain a wealth of information, but can  benefit from wiki-improvements, starting from spelling and grammar errors that detract from their to appeal to the general membership. It would be nice if Stewards paid more attention to it.
::::@[[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]], I truly appreciate your offer, but  I posted this here not in order to get someone to advocate for one unblocking at META. As I said earlier:
::::* &quot;Some wikibookians prefer for various reasons to post only at wb&quot;
::::* &quot;The reason I am asking is that I believe that all individual Wikimania-wikis should have a backward link to the Wikimania-wiki, but I just visited the wikimania 2014 wiki and could not find this backward link. I tried to ask about this on the Wikimania 2014 main-page talk but disovered that the Stewards have protected it&quot; 
::::I would much rather see more wikimedia members question blocking in general at META. One cannot run such large movement of people from different backgrounds and nationalities simply by silencing minorities  IMIO. [[User:Ottawahitech|Ottawahitech]] ([[User talk:Ottawahitech|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Ottawahitech|contribs]]) 20:12, 8 February 2025 (UTC)

== [[Crystal ball]] ==

That page appears to be a mixture of isolated paragraphs from [[w:Crystal ball|Crystal ball]], hence my tag. [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]&lt;sub&gt;[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]&lt;sub&gt;[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/sub&gt; ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 03:04, 9 February 2025 (UTC)

:Yep, that seems correct! I also queried it simply because it does not seem suitable for inclusion at all. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 03:09, 9 February 2025 (UTC)

== Question about an edit suggestion ==

Hi Kittycataclysm,

Thanks for the great work you do as an admin! I wanted to clarify a suggestion you made on a recently published page I’m working on. You recommended splitting it into smaller sections—would you suggest creating separate pages for these sections, or would a higher-level header for some topics be sufficient?

Any specific recommendations you have would be greatly appreciated!

Here’s the link to the page I’m referring to: [[Funding and Finance of Transportation Projects in the United States of America]]

Thank you! [[User:Svrmustafa|Svrmustafa]] ([[User talk:Svrmustafa|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Svrmustafa|contribs]]) 18:19, 18 February 2025 (UTC)

:Hi @[[User:Svrmustafa|Svrmustafa]], and thanks for asking! Splitting refers to creating new pages, each with a smaller amount of content. The main page should then contain a table of contents, and each page can contain a navigation template for easier navigation. I'll create the table of contents based on the current work and move some content to one of those pages as an example for you; then, you can do the rest. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 00:26, 19 February 2025 (UTC)
::Following up on this—I noticed that you use the term &quot;paper&quot;. However, technically Wikibooks hosts books not papers, so you should probably change this wording. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 00:38, 19 February 2025 (UTC)
== Talkback ==
{{Talkback|Cookbook talk:Chilli Crab|Recipe Questions}} [[User:Cactusisme|Cactusisme]] ([[User talk:Cactusisme|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Cactusisme|contribs]]) 09:54, 19 February 2025 (UTC)

:@[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] I also made [[Cookbook:Prata|this]] [[User:Cactusisme|Cactusisme]] ([[User talk:Cactusisme|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Cactusisme|contribs]]) 10:15, 19 February 2025 (UTC)

== Hello ==

Can you look at my latest recipe? [[User:Cactusisme|Cactusisme]] ([[User talk:Cactusisme|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Cactusisme|contribs]]) 00:10, 28 February 2025 (UTC)

:I saw it! It needs a few corrections, which I'll note. What's the origin of the recipe? —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 03:23, 28 February 2025 (UTC)
::@[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] How do you write recipe summary, correct headers [[User:Cactusisme|Cactusisme]] ([[User talk:Cactusisme|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Cactusisme|contribs]]) 06:04, 28 February 2025 (UTC)
:::Please see [[Cookbook:Policy/Recipe template]]. What's the origin of the recipe? —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 13:08, 28 February 2025 (UTC)
::::ok [[User:Cactusisme|Cactusisme]] ([[User talk:Cactusisme|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Cactusisme|contribs]]) 02:33, 1 March 2025 (UTC)

== Cookbook ==

Hi there, Kittycataclysm. I wandered over here from Wikipedia, and I'm quite enamoured with this cookbook. I noticed you seem to be the one maintaining it, and I thought I'd reach out. Can I really just start cranking out recipes from public domain cookbooks and my family recipes? It's that simple? I was also wondering about the featured recipes section. There's not very many in there, and I imagine there's not very many folks around to do reviews compared to GAR on Wikipedia. How do you handle content review? Thanks. [[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] ([[User talk:MediaKyle|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaKyle|contribs]]) 01:51, 1 March 2025 (UTC)

:Hi @[[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] and welcome! For some context, the Cookbook has been around since the very beginning of Wikibooks, but it had gotten into a bit of disarray over the course of about two decades by the time I found it. I started the long process of overhauling, standardizing, and expanding it just over four years ago—I finished standardizing the recipe formatting and quality a while back and am currently working my way through the ingredient pages before moving on to equipment, techniques, and cuisines. You can absolutely add any public domain recipes as well as your own recipes—they just need to conform to the [[Cookbook:Policy/Recipe template|recipe template]] and [[Cookbook:Policy|Cookbook policy overall]]. It's even better if you've made the recipe and can contribute a nice picture and specific guidance/instructions/notes! Please feel free to ask me any questions. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:27, 1 March 2025 (UTC)
::Oh, and regarding the featured recipes section, I actually haven't gotten around to looking into that yet—there's been a lot to do! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:28, 1 March 2025 (UTC)
::That's great, thanks a lot for your response. This is just delightful. Maybe content review is something that we could collaborate on. There's a lot of recipes in here and it would be nice to know which ones are the best. Question for you, [[:Category:Brown sauces]] is really bothering me. How can I move that to Brown sauce recipes? [[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] ([[User talk:MediaKyle|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaKyle|contribs]]) 02:29, 1 March 2025 (UTC)
:::Good catch on that category! It seems like it was created two decades ago and never got corrected—feel free to recategorize those recipes. Thank you also for introducing the hideprefix parameter to the category trees—I didn't realize that was an option, and it reduces the visual clutter! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:38, 1 March 2025 (UTC)
::::My pleasure! As I continue to look at the categories, this is actually worse than I thought. We have both [[:Category:Sauce recipes]] and [[:Category:Recipes for condiments]] and I suspect that's just the beginning. I want to go through and categorize everything properly, but the bones aren't even there... How long do I have to be here before it'll let me create and move around categories? [[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] ([[User talk:MediaKyle|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaKyle|contribs]]) 02:40, 1 March 2025 (UTC)
:::::Regarding the categories, the category overhauling is in progress, since I address the category when I overhaul the associated page. The variation in titling is actually somewhat deliberate—I started changing it from &quot;____ recipes&quot; in certain cases to solve a particular categorization problem. Sometimes, there is an item that is used in recipes as an ingredient but for which there are also recipes. For example, [[:Category:Recipes for bread]] versus [[:Category:Recipes using bread]]. The different naming scheme is necessary to properly delineate the categories, and I'm working on implementing it a bit more consistently as I go. While you're still getting started, it would be great if you could check with me when something looks odd or out of place—that way I can take a look and weigh in on whether that's normal or not and maybe provide some context. Just off the top of my head, I think you will have to wait for autoreview status to make move changes. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:56, 1 March 2025 (UTC)
::::::I see what you're saying, I've been trying to wrap my head around that. Maybe it would be beneficial to try to put together some sort of a Cookbook MOS regarding category structure? It's kind of all over the place right now. Using your bread example, would it perhaps make more sense to have [[:Category:Bread recipes]] and [[:Category:Recipes using bread]]? There would be no ambiguity with just those two categories, but when you add the extra [[:Category:Recipes for bread]], that's when things start getting a little whacky. What do you think? [[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] ([[User talk:MediaKyle|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaKyle|contribs]]) 03:05, 1 March 2025 (UTC)
:::::::Either that or get rid of [[:Category:Bread recipes]] and keep the other two. But one of these categories gotta go, I reckon. [[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] ([[User talk:MediaKyle|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaKyle|contribs]]) 03:07, 1 March 2025 (UTC)
::::::::I see you already had the same thought as me. I think all categories should include &quot;for&quot; or &quot;using&quot;. Take for example, [[:Category:Recipes for pancakes]] as opposed to [[:Category:Pancake recipes]]. Well obviously there's no recipes using pancakes. But for something like [[:Category:Recipes for gravy]], there may also be a need for [[:Category:Recipes using gravy]]. The lack of consistency in this regard means the only way to achieve consistency across the categories is by changing them over to that format. Sorry for clogging up your talk page! [[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] ([[User talk:MediaKyle|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaKyle|contribs]]) 03:18, 1 March 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::Same heads-up as below—migrating this over to [[Cookbook talk:Table of Contents]] —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:10, 4 March 2025 (UTC)
:Also, on [[Cookbook:Table of Contents]], could you please add a wikilink for [[Cookbook:Breakfast]], and maybe add cooknav to the top for seamless navigation between all the top level articles? Can't edit that article yet. [[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] ([[User talk:MediaKyle|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaKyle|contribs]]) 02:47, 1 March 2025 (UTC)

== More Table of Content Edits ==

Hello again. I've been going through everything and this is my list of suggestions for edits to the table of contents. Unfortunately there's not much else I can do for now, because without autoconfirmed my ability to change anything is very limited. I was going to ask for someone to check off the confirmed box for me at RfP but I can't post there either, so I guess I'll be back in four days.

* Fix Bread wikilink
* Remove &quot;Creaming&quot; from techniques, redirected to Mixing
* [[Cookbook:History of Food and Cooking]] points to redirect, needs capitalized
* [[Cookbook:Low-Carb]] points to redirect, needs capitalized
* [[Cookbook:Cuisine of the Mediterranean]] to [[Cookbook:Mediterranean Cuisine]] for parity
* Remove the S from the cuisine wikilinks on ToC, currently redirecting
* Create [[:Category:Lunch recipes]], wikilink to ToC
* Wikilink [[Cookbook:Dessert]] under Meals
* Get rid of &quot;Brunch&quot;; will just be confusing alongside a breakfast and lunch category
* Create [[Cookbook:East Asian Cuisine]] so I can add the recipes from [[:Category:East Asian recipes]] to it; currently is a redlink on the ToC
* Change &quot;Introductory Matter&quot; header to just &quot;Introduction&quot;
* Appendix and Equipment sections switch places

Cheers, [[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] ([[User talk:MediaKyle|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaKyle|contribs]]) 11:46, 1 March 2025 (UTC)

:I took the liberty of doing it myself in my userspace. You can just copy it over from [[User:MediaKyle/sandbox]]. Figured I'd save you the trouble of trying to figure out what I'm talking about. [[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] ([[User talk:MediaKyle|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaKyle|contribs]]) 14:15, 1 March 2025 (UTC)
:Circling back to this! It seems like your suggestions are getting at a couple different things. I'll try to go through them point-by-point below:
:* {{xt|Fix Bread wikilink}} {{done}}
:* {{xt|Remove &quot;Creaming&quot; from techniques, redirected to Mixing}} see below comments on TOC.
:* {{xt|Cookbook:History of Food and Cooking points to redirect, needs capitalized}} {{not done}} for now because I don't fully understand the urgency and I want to triage/prioritize things for you, but please feel free to make this change yourself once you can!
:* {{xt|Cookbook:Low-Carb points to redirect, needs capitalized}} {{not done}} for same reason as above.
:* {{xt|Cookbook:Cuisine of the Mediterranean to Cookbook:Mediterranean Cuisine for parity}} {{not done}} for now just because we do have a lot of cuisine pages that follow the form &quot;Cuisine of ____&quot;. It could be good to standardize, and I had been planning to do that once I got around to the cuisines.
:* {{xt|Remove the S from the cuisine wikilinks on ToC, currently redirecting}} {{not done}} for same reason as other redirects
:* {{xt|Create Category:Lunch recipes, wikilink to ToC}} Not quite sure what you mean here, and I didn't see what it corresponded to in your linked sandbox page
:* {{xt|Wikilink Cookbook:Dessert under Meals}} {{done}}
:* {{xt|Get rid of &quot;Brunch&quot;; will just be confusing alongside a breakfast and lunch category}} I'm not sure about this—brunch is in many places considered a separate entity, and I don't necessarily think it would cause confusion. But, overall it's hard to determine whether it should have its own page and TOC link because I haven't actually gotten around to evaluating the meal pages and what role they should play. See also the TOC notes below.
:* {{xt|Create Cookbook:East Asian Cuisine so I can add the recipes from Category:East Asian recipes to it; currently is a redlink on the ToC}} {{done}} for now; however, I'm not sure yet whether it will ultimately make sense to keep that as a content page. I think content pages should be reasonably focused, and it may not be the best to have a cuisine page that is so broad. This is something I planned to consider once I made my way around the overhauling the cuisines.
:* {{xt|Change &quot;Introductory Matter&quot; header to just &quot;Introduction&quot;}} The reason I made it &quot;Introductory Matter&quot; instead of &quot;Introduction&quot; is because there's already a chapter itself titled &quot;Introduction&quot;—it felt odd to have the entire section titled that as well. Happy to discuss other header options (e.g. &quot;Front Matter&quot;, which is a generally accepted book term)
:* {{xt|Appendix and Equipment sections switch places}} see below comments on TOC.
:* '''Comments on the TOC:''' So, I think a fundamental issue with the current TOC is that it somewhat arbitrarily picks and chooses individual pages to link. It also sometimes direct-links to categories and sometimes to content pages, which I don't think we should do. Because the cookbook is so expansive, it's been established that manual indices intending to capture detail in large areas don't really make sense and quickly get bulky and out-of-date. This is why categorytree is such a useful tool! After thinking on it for a while and making some small tweaks, I think I'd ultimately like to overhaul the TOC and come to a solution that keeps a few broad headers/links to the small handful of the primary content pages while perhaps stashing away more detailed and self-updating lists in a collapsible way to reduce clutter but allow for customizable user navigation. Much to think about, and I'll probably workshop some things on the side to see how they feel.
:Let me know if I've misunderstood anything! Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 03:24, 3 March 2025 (UTC)
::Thanks for the notes! Here's my thoughts:
::* On the Cuisine titling, it actually seems like [[Cookbook:Cuisine of the Mediterranean]] and [[Cookbook:East Asian cuisines]] are the only ones that don't follow the naming scheme, i.e. &quot;[[Cookbook:African Cuisine]]&quot;, and I think that shorter titles are preferable where it makes sense.
::* On your note about East Asian Cuisine, I actually had the same thought after going through the cuisine pages. Having three separate pages for different kinds of Asian cuisine does seem a little silly, doesn't it? Do you think it might be better to combine all of them under one &quot;Asian Cuisine&quot;, but put the different locales under separate headers?
::* On Brunch - I honestly think there's way too much ambiguity around what exactly constitutes as &quot;brunch&quot; to keep that in. I feel as though the term brunch more applies to the time you're eating, rather than the kind of food. I think it would be easier to keep meals that include commonly accepted breakfast foods in the Breakfast category, and things that don't fit neatly into that, into the Lunch category. This would prevent any dilemmas in the future where we can't decide whether something is breakfast or brunch.
::* You're right that it looks a little awkward to have the header as Introduction when there's a page called introduction. I still think that to say &quot;Introductory Matter&quot;, or &quot;Front Matter&quot; as you mentioned, is a little long-winded and reflects a more academic tone than needed for a cookbook. Upon further reflection, I think maybe rather than worrying about the header at this point, we should perhaps think about trying to compile all of those short introductory type pages into one comprehensive introductory page. Then we likely won't even need a header for it on the ToC.
::* The ToC is definitely a bit cluttered, and it bothers me too that there's a real lack of consistency across whether the wikilinks lead to a page or a category. I'm not sure how I would feel about cutting away too much of the navigation from it, though, because just about every page on there does have a reason to be there, it's just that they're not presented very nicely. Some of it can certainly get nested or combined though. I'll play around with it over the next few days in my sandbox as well and let you know if I come up with anything.
::* As an aside, the first thing on my to-do list once my autoconfirmed comes through is to start subcategorizing all of the recipes so that they're all nicely sorted in the category trees. When you have a chance, I'd love to hear your thoughts on what we should use as the standard naming for categories. Once we determine this, I think we can also take the liberty of updating the cookbook MoS to reflect it.
::Cheers, [[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] ([[User talk:MediaKyle|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaKyle|contribs]]) 11:33, 3 March 2025 (UTC)
:::Note: After writing this, I realized what you were getting at about slashing away some of the subpages. Maybe we can come up with a system where all of those subpages are under their main subpage rather than on the ToC. For example, all the Cuisines are under [[Cookbook:Cuisines]], all techniques under [[Cookbook:Cooking Techniques]], to keep the subpages off the main ToC. Also, I wonder if maybe we should try to make a centralized discussion for this somewhere, in case anyone else wants to join in at some point? [[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] ([[User talk:MediaKyle|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaKyle|contribs]]) 11:45, 3 March 2025 (UTC)
::::Heads-up: to make it easier to keep track of these and since I think they deserve their own discussions, I'm going to gradually migrate them over individually to [[Cookbook talk:Table of Contents]]. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 22:52, 4 March 2025 (UTC)
:::::Good idea. Can you remove the semi-protection from that talk page? I see no reason why it should be protected. [[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] ([[User talk:MediaKyle|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaKyle|contribs]]) 23:23, 4 March 2025 (UTC)

== Cookbook ToC ==

Hi [[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]]. I was just wondering why you didn't respond to my above message, and started a separate sandbox for the ToC instead? It seems as though you don't really want to collaborate. It would be nice if we could work on this together. [[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] ([[User talk:MediaKyle|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaKyle|contribs]]) 22:43, 2 March 2025 (UTC)

:@[[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] thanks for the ping! I'm sorry you feel like I don't want to collaborate—the opposite is true, and please understand that this is good-faith editing. The reason I haven't responded to the above points is mostly since you've been modifying a bunch of content and adding suggestions lately, and I've been working my way through these while continuing with my routine contributions and real life as well—things happen a little more slowly here than on other projects, and I'm the one person dedicated to the cookbook right now. The reason I created that sandbox was because I saw [[Wikibooks:Reading room/General#Modernize the shelves|your comment]] at the reading room and wanted to play around and think about your suggestion without touching the actual TOC. You're right that it's not the best, and it's been something I've been thinking about for a bit now. Please understand also that it can be overwhelming when a new editor unfamiliar with the Cookbook begins making a high volume of edits and suggestions without having much experience with it or its history—this isn't to say that you don't have good ideas or things worth contributing. In fact, you have already made a few helpful changes, as I've mentioned. I just want to do this properly and take the time to evaluate your suggestions together with the current efforts that are underway, and that can take a bit. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:03, 2 March 2025 (UTC)
::Thanks for getting back to me. While I may be new to Wikibooks, I'm certainly not new to MediaWiki, and I've been working with small wiki projects for a number of years. Perhaps it's been a misunderstanding to some degree, but I've found my reception here to be unusually unwelcoming. The way to do this properly, as you said, would be to have discussions and form consensus. Yesterday, when you reached out to me about adding hideroot to the pages, I gave you my rationale and was more than happy to have a discussion about it, but you did not reply. I noticed a similar situation happened with [https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/User_talk:Ottawahitech#Category_sorting Ottawahitech], regarding category sorting. I'm aware that you're the main person looking after the cookbook right now, which is why I reached out to you right from the get go.
::I understand why you would want to create your own sandbox to play around with options for the ToC, but I'm sure you can understand why it would draw my attention that you would do this without implementing any of the wikilink fixes I mentioned, or making an attempt to discuss it further. This came across to me as not wanting my help.
::I invite you to check out my page on Wikipedia. I've made contributions across quite a wide area of topics there, as well as the other Wikimedia projects, and this is the first time I've encountered any sort of resistance to my contributions. I think Wikibooks has enormous potential, and I'm very excited to contribute to helping it grow. On most projects, this would be something to be encouraged. I don't feel like &quot;I'm sorry that you feel that way&quot; was really an appropriate response. [[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] ([[User talk:MediaKyle|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaKyle|contribs]]) 23:59, 2 March 2025 (UTC)
:::I think you're right that this has been a mix of misunderstanding and miscommunication, and I think I can understand how things came across as unwelcoming! For whatever it's worth, I absolutely plan on circling back to the various discussions at hand (I have all the relevant pages open to return to), but it seems like the order I did things made it seem like I was ignoring you (if I'm understanding correctly). I am pretty busy, so sometimes items on my to-do list do get lost/shunted or it takes me a bit to get around to something—please don't hesitate to give me a ping if it seems like I'm taking a while to get back to something. Looking forward to more collaboration! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 00:49, 3 March 2025 (UTC)
::::I'm glad you can understand where I'm coming from. To clarify, my intent is not to try to rush you, or to try to push you to make changes that you don't agree with. It's really easy to misinterpret things over the Internet, and I think a short message can go a long way. I apologize if I've caused you any undue stress by coming into the cookbook and unleashing a flurry of alterations, but do rest assured that I'm not married to any of my changes, I'm always open for discussion, and I want to see the cookbook improve just like you do. The great thing about wikis is that no change is permanent. I think we'll have it in tip-top shape in no time! [[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] ([[User talk:MediaKyle|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaKyle|contribs]]) 01:19, 3 March 2025 (UTC)

== [[Cookbook:Polish Doughnuts (Paczki)]] ==

Do you see any reason not to just add this to Featured Recipes? At least we know this one works, and it seems like this is now one of the few recipes to have a picture that actually aligns with the recipe used. I was thinking later on we'll come up with a content review system where a couple editors will actually try the recipes nominated for FR, but in the absence of that I'd just add it to the list. [[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] ([[User talk:MediaKyle|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaKyle|contribs]]) 12:25, 4 March 2025 (UTC)

:I'm fine with adding it to the featured recipes. You're right that we'll want to come up with a good system for this going forward, though it's lower down on my personal priority list at moment. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 22:15, 4 March 2025 (UTC)

== [[Cookbook:Cream Cheese American Buttercream]] ==

Hi! I am a wikiHow user and I am planning to adapt this recipe to wikiHow. Since you contributed to this recipe, I wanted to know if I can get permission to reuse your contributions to this recipe. Thanks. [[User:Xeverything11|Xeverything11]] ([[User talk:Xeverything11|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Xeverything11|contribs]]) 21:41, 4 March 2025 (UTC)

:@[[User:Xeverything11|Xeverything11]] that's fine with me as long as proper attribution and linking back to the original recipe page here are included at the top. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 22:28, 4 March 2025 (UTC)

== [[A Companion to Our Literary Journey]] ==

Hi! I feel that we have started to outline the scope in a clearer and more precise way and that’s the work we are going to do with the students this and for the next years, adding more sections and content. Do you think that would be enough? [[User:Ferdi2005|Ferdi2005]] ([[User talk:Ferdi2005|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Ferdi2005|contribs]]) 22:43, 6 March 2025 (UTC)

:Hi @[[User:Ferdi2005|Ferdi2005]]! Yes, this seems to be reasonably outlined. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:51, 7 March 2025 (UTC)

== Exercising care with copyright ==

When deleting a page as a copyright violation, it is important that you '''do not quote any content from the deleted page'''. If you do, then your log entry is itself a copyright violation. I have redacted a recent deletion that you performed because of this. If you want to make sure that none of your past deletions have been problematic for this reason, you can [[quarry:query/90444|run this SQL query]] to get a list of every deletion that could be eligible for redaction. [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]&lt;sub&gt;[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]&lt;sub&gt;[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/sub&gt; ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 18:32, 21 March 2025 (UTC)

:Hi @[[User:JJPMaster|JJPMaster]] and thank you for the message. In the most recent instance that I think you're referencing, I do not see any material in the edit summary that posed a significant risk—I don't believe the few listed words would be a copyright concern. However, I do understand your concern! Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 22:31, 21 March 2025 (UTC)

== Splitting Pages ==

Hi I have recently made the book on the [[History of the Nawabs of Bengal]] and you gave a notice on how you believe it should be split into smaller bits. As I am still new to wikibooks I don't know how to do this. Can you please assist me on renaming the page so I can split the page into multiple pages? @[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] [[User:Greatswrd|Greatswrd]] ([[User talk:Greatswrd|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Greatswrd|contribs]]) 19:47, 29 March 2025 (UTC)

:@[[User:Greatswrd|Greatswrd]]: You did it. I've removed the tag. [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]&lt;sub&gt;[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]&lt;sub&gt;[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/sub&gt; ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 22:44, 29 March 2025 (UTC)
:Like @[[User:JJPMaster|JJPMaster]] said, you're all set! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:53, 29 March 2025 (UTC)
::Thanks! @[[User:JJPMaster|JJPMaster]] @[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] [[User:Greatswrd|Greatswrd]] ([[User talk:Greatswrd|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Greatswrd|contribs]]) 10:24, 30 March 2025 (UTC)

== Minecraft book ==

Is it good creating pages like this, [[Minecraft#Husk]]? [[User:Cactusisme|Cactusisme]] ([[User talk:Cactusisme|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Cactusisme|contribs]]) 12:43, 9 May 2025 (UTC)

:@[[User:Cactusisme|Cactusisme]] what do you mean? —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 21:18, 10 May 2025 (UTC)
::are we allowed to create pages like that? like for every mob [[User:Cactusisme|Cactusisme]] ([[User talk:Cactusisme|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Cactusisme|contribs]]) 10:02, 11 May 2025 (UTC)
:::To be honest, I don't think the structure and formatting of the book is very good. Several of the mob pages, for example, have very little information and aren't particularly helpful on their own. If I were working on it, I would restructure the book. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 14:09, 11 May 2025 (UTC)
::::I am planning to do that. [[User:Cactusisme|Cactusisme]] ([[User talk:Cactusisme|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Cactusisme|contribs]]) 04:19, 12 May 2025 (UTC)

== Request to Review Adjusted User Page (XoriantTeam) ==

Hello [[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]],

I hope you're well. I noticed that my user page ([[User:XoriantTeam]]) was recently deleted for appearing promotional or inappropriate for Wikibooks. Thank you for keeping the community standards in check.

I’ve since revised the content with closer attention to neutrality and compliance with Wikibooks guidelines. My intent is to participate constructively, especially in areas related to digital engineering and educational content creation.

If possible, I’d appreciate your help reviewing the revised version. I'm happy to share it or upload it as a file if there’s a preferred method.

Please let me know how best to proceed. I welcome any suggestions and will gladly make further adjustments.

Best regards,  

XoriantTeam [[User:XoriantTeam|XoriantTeam]] ([[User talk:XoriantTeam|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/XoriantTeam|contribs]]) 11:02, 15 May 2025 (UTC)

:Hi there—you can publish an updated user page, but I'd caution you against talking about your company. Keep it limited to your involvement with Wikibooks. You may contribute productively here, but further promotional materials are grounds for an indefinite block. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 12:30, 15 May 2025 (UTC)

== Planning to use AWB to update categories on the cookbook ==

Hello. I noticed in recent changes that you were moving some categories using HotCat (e.g. moving Category:Chile recipes to Category:Recipes using chile), which can be time-consuming. Therefore, I plan to help you with moving the cookbook categories by adding myself to enabledusers and enabledbots in [[Wikibooks:AutoWikiBrowser/CheckPageJSON]]. Would this be fine if I assist you and to add myself to the check page? I am familiar with using AWB after testing on a non-Wikimedia project. Thank you. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 04:42, 8 June 2025 (UTC)

:Hi @[[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]]—thank you for the tip! I just installed JWB, so this should make my mass cat changes much faster. Thanks again! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 13:11, 8 June 2025 (UTC)
:: Thank you for the information. Also, is it okay if I change (for example) [[:Category:Vinegar recipes]] to [[:Category:Recipes using vinegar]] (I can redirect the former category to the latter), given that we should move {{tq|Category:[ingredient] recipes}} to {{tq|Category:Recipes using [ingredient]}} for consistency? [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 16:57, 8 June 2025 (UTC)
:::Sure thing—go ahead! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 17:53, 8 June 2025 (UTC)

== Tool for even faster category changes ==

See [[:c:Help:Gadget-Cat-a-lot#As_your_user_gadget]]. I just [https://en.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=User:Koavf/common.js&amp;action=history installed it] and used it dozens of times in a click. Let me know if you need any help. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 00:36, 19 June 2025 (UTC)

:@[[User:Koavf|Koavf]] Thanks! I'm having a little trouble activating it, but I'll keep trying. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 00:54, 19 June 2025 (UTC)
::A lot of times, a purge will do the trick. See [[:mw:Purge]]. Usually just &lt;kbd&gt;Ctrl+Shift+R&lt;/kbd&gt; once or twice. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 00:55, 19 June 2025 (UTC)
:::Took several purges, but we're set now! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:16, 19 June 2025 (UTC)

== Advice on when I should run for adminship ==

Hi, I hope you are doing well. I am asking for some advice on when I should run for enwikibooks adminship, given the following below:

Currently, I am doing some optimizations for dark mode on this project, and some of the message box/MediaWiki interface/template pages might be outdated, fully protected, or can use a little help using mw-parser-output. These unfortunately might hinder the process of updating these pages/templates for Vector 2022's dark mode.&lt;br&gt;
Additionally, I have a solid expertise with edit filters, as I have requested some administrators to update deprecated filter variables, switching filters from warn and disallow to disallow only, and I can also monitor the filter log for potential false positives (from local or global filters).

A fellow English Wikibooks administrator also said to me that they are willing to support me in a few months when I run for adminship, as I am generally trusted.

I hold two advanced global permissions, and I hold an edit filter helper permission on the English Wikipedia, to be sure. Thank you for your consideration. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 01:02, 23 June 2025 (UTC)

:Hi @[[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]]—good question! I agree that you are a trusted user, and I think it would be reasonable for you to run for adminship, especially given our need to fix up technical aspects of the project. If you don't plan to commit to Wikibooks long-term (i.e. you have some projects you'd like to take a few months to complete and then be done), you can always request temporary adminship. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 17:30, 23 June 2025 (UTC)
:: Thank you for your feedback, but I also plan to monitor for vandalism/spam, and to commit to reduce the administrative assistance reading room backlog, should I be elected for adminship (and I forgot to mention those). Anyway, regarding your feedback, I might run by August or even July, given that I've lately started contributing more often to Wikibooks. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 18:29, 23 June 2025 (UTC)
::: [[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]], I am pinging you one more time to see if you have read my response above yours. Thank you. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 16:34, 26 June 2025 (UTC)
::::Hi @[[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]]! I'm not sure what you mean—was there an additional question you had? Everything you've outlined seems quite reasonable. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:26, 26 June 2025 (UTC)
::::: Apologies for the confusion, I don't have any questions to ask. I was clarifying that I can help with implementing edit requests and to block obvious vandals and spammers, aside from the skills I mentioned earlier. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 18:32, 26 June 2025 (UTC)

== how is it you feel able to interfere in my sandbox? ==

you deleted a page in my sandbox that was my way of providing my response to a request from an OpenSCAD dev team leader for a couple of text blurbs for use on a web page of the OpenSCAD site.

now that you have deleted my page i have to recreate the texts from a screenshot to be able to offer the suggestions, which i will 

This kind of high handed treatment is what keeps me from being a wiki-anything contributor .. If it is Wiki policy to interfere in the documentation of an open source project because it is hosted on Wikibooks then i will take up the task of moving our online docs to a site where you cannot interfere.
--
[[User:VulcanWikiEdit|VulcanWikiEdit]] ([[User talk:VulcanWikiEdit|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/VulcanWikiEdit|contribs]]) 21:56, 29 June 2025 (UTC)

:Hi @[[User:VulcanWikiEdit|VulcanWikiEdit]]—thanks for bringing this to my attention. I now understand that this was intended to be in your user namespace—I've undeleted it and moved it to the correct namespace for you. Let me know if anything else comes up! Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:05, 30 June 2025 (UTC)
::ah .. err .. umm .. well that is a gentle answer to my ire. Thanks for being so gracious [[User:VulcanWikiEdit|VulcanWikiEdit]] ([[User talk:VulcanWikiEdit|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/VulcanWikiEdit|contribs]]) 20:29, 30 June 2025 (UTC)
::and .. isn't my sandbox in my namespace by default? [[User:VulcanWikiEdit|VulcanWikiEdit]] ([[User talk:VulcanWikiEdit|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/VulcanWikiEdit|contribs]]) 20:30, 30 June 2025 (UTC)
:::No worries—it looks like you didn't add the prefix &quot;User:&quot; before writing out the full page titles, so the pages you created were technically in the project's Main space with the official published materials. Going forward, you can just double-check that the page title starts with &quot;'''User:'''VulcanWikiEdit/sandbox&quot;, and that should keep everything in the right place! Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 21:36, 30 June 2025 (UTC)
::::BTW .. i love the play on cat lover name [[User:VulcanWikiEdit|VulcanWikiEdit]] ([[User talk:VulcanWikiEdit|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/VulcanWikiEdit|contribs]]) 15:35, 1 July 2025 (UTC)
:::::Thank you! That's very kind. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:46, 1 July 2025 (UTC)

== Regarding the user Codename Tameirao ==

Could this be Matthew again (the Unicode LTA)? I believe it might be him based on his usage of edit summaries, and his usual edits to [[Unicode/Versions]]. I just blocked his recent account, and then I protected and stabilized that Unicode book. &lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Verdana&quot;&gt;[[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#0024FF&quot;&gt;'''''Codename Noreste'''''&lt;/span&gt;]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#A1000E&quot;&gt;talk&lt;/span&gt;]])&lt;/span&gt; 23:51, 12 August 2025 (UTC)

:I suspect you're right! That seems like a reasonable course of action. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 00:56, 13 August 2025 (UTC)
:: I recently encountered another possible LTA, see [[Special:Contributions/~2025-55706-6]] (as well as [[Unicode/Roadmap Blocks]]). I can email you more details if you want. &lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Verdana&quot;&gt;[[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#0024FF&quot;&gt;'''''Codename Noreste'''''&lt;/span&gt;]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#A1000E&quot;&gt;talk&lt;/span&gt;]])&lt;/span&gt; 16:30, 9 September 2025 (UTC)
:::I think this is the same LTA, yes! I've protected [[Unicode/Roadmap Blocks]], but I think it would be a good idea if we could automate this monitoring somewhat using the edit filter. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:07, 9 September 2025 (UTC)
:::: I don't think that was Matthew, as he typically uses edit summaries. The deleted page was not protected, as it was protected before you deleted it; I salted it from creation for one year. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 20:22, 9 September 2025 (UTC)
::::: You might want to look at [[Special:Contributions/Freddy Fazbearing Others]]. '''[[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#0024FF&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]]''' ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 04:18, 26 October 2025 (UTC)
::::::Thank you! I went ahead and blocked them. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:54, 28 October 2025 (UTC)

== IP block exempt  ==

Hi Kitty,
I currently have IP block exemption on enwiki, Commons and Wikidata as I use VPNs connected to my internet security software. Can you please grant me the right on wikibooks. I have a strong password and use two factor authentication. ''[[User:TarnishedPath|&lt;b style=&quot;color:#ff0000;&quot;&gt;Tar&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;color:#ff7070;&quot;&gt;nis&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;color:#ffa0a0;&quot;&gt;hed&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;color:#420000;&quot;&gt;Path&lt;/b&gt;]]''&lt;sup&gt;[[User talk:TarnishedPath|&lt;b style=&quot;color:#bd4004;&quot;&gt;talk&lt;/b&gt;]]&lt;/sup&gt; 10:51, 22 August 2025 (UTC)

:Hi @[[User:TarnishedPath|TarnishedPath]]! This doesn't sound unreasonable to me, but I think it would be good if you requested at [[Wikibooks:Requests for permissions]] so we can have a discussion—I have not granted this right before. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:50, 23 August 2025 (UTC)
::Kitty, thanks for pointing me in the right direction. ''[[User:TarnishedPath|&lt;b style=&quot;color:#ff0000;&quot;&gt;Tar&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;color:#ff7070;&quot;&gt;nis&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;color:#ffa0a0;&quot;&gt;hed&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;color:#420000;&quot;&gt;Path&lt;/b&gt;]]''&lt;sup&gt;[[User talk:TarnishedPath|&lt;b style=&quot;color:#bd4004;&quot;&gt;talk&lt;/b&gt;]]&lt;/sup&gt; 03:25, 23 August 2025 (UTC)
::See [[Wikibooks:Requests_for_permissions#TarnishedPath_(discuss_·_contribs_·_count_·_logs_·_block_log_·_rfp_·_rights)_(IP_Block_Exemption)]] ''[[User:TarnishedPath|&lt;b style=&quot;color:#ff0000;&quot;&gt;Tar&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;color:#ff7070;&quot;&gt;nis&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;color:#ffa0a0;&quot;&gt;hed&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;color:#420000;&quot;&gt;Path&lt;/b&gt;]]''&lt;sup&gt;[[User talk:TarnishedPath|&lt;b style=&quot;color:#bd4004;&quot;&gt;talk&lt;/b&gt;]]&lt;/sup&gt; 03:35, 23 August 2025 (UTC)
== You've got mail! ==
{{You've got mail|sig=&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Verdana&quot;&gt;[[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#0024FF&quot;&gt;'''''Codename Noreste'''''&lt;/span&gt;]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#A1000E&quot;&gt;talk&lt;/span&gt;]])&lt;/span&gt; 00:20, 6 September 2025 (UTC)}}

:Thank you! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:06, 6 September 2025 (UTC)

== Are you able to import? ==

I made a few requests over at https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Wikibooks:Requests_for_import . [[User:2005-Fan|2005-Fan]] ([[User talk:2005-Fan|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/2005-Fan|contribs]]) 22:32, 4 October 2025 (UTC)
: [[User:2005-Fan|2005-Fan]], I'll go ahead and start the imports. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 16:29, 5 October 2025 (UTC)
::Thank you for your help [[User:2005-Fan|2005-Fan]] ([[User talk:2005-Fan|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/2005-Fan|contribs]]) 16:51, 5 October 2025 (UTC)
::: My apologies for not doing this sooner, because some database error appears when I am trying to mass import. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 23:39, 5 October 2025 (UTC)
::::I also tried to make this import earlier and ran into issues with the software. I was hoping it was a temporary bug, but it seems to be persisting. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 00:01, 6 October 2025 (UTC)
:::::This seems like I should get involved. {{working}}... [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]&lt;sub&gt;[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]&lt;sub&gt;[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/sub&gt; ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 13:11, 6 October 2025 (UTC)
:::::: I believe there are five pages that have massive page histories they fail to import here. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 15:13, 6 October 2025 (UTC)
:::::::I backed up the XMLs of them locally but im unsure how much that'd do. [[User:2005-Fan|2005-Fan]] ([[User talk:2005-Fan|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/2005-Fan|contribs]]) 15:18, 6 October 2025 (UTC)
::::::::Just became an importer. The reason is prob understandable but I cannot upload the XML file to here locally. [[User:2005-Fan|2005-Fan]] ([[User talk:2005-Fan|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/2005-Fan|contribs]]) 17:23, 10 October 2025 (UTC)

== About the category parameter in the recipe summary template ==

When it uses a &quot;recipe by type&quot; category, should it use a &quot;[type/food] recipes&quot; name or &quot;Recipes for [type/food]&quot;?

I recently operated JWB to change from [[:Category:Dessert recipes]] to [[:Category:Recipes for dessert]] in multiple Cookbook recipes, and from what I've said before, I've changed to ''Recipes for dessert'' in the category parameter of Cookbook recipes. Hope you don't mind that this was over more than 250 changes (not counting the recent category changes after moving some recipe categories). Thanks. '''[[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#0024FF&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]]''' ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 02:07, 27 October 2025 (UTC)

:Hi @[[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]]—those JWB changes you made seem fine to me! I'm not quite sure what you're asking in your first sentence, though. Assuming I understand correctly: in general, I think the default format should be whatever the actual category name is. BUT if there is a redirect, it ultimately shouldn't matter too much. And, because I'm not convinced of the utility of that infobox parameter in the first place (thinking of removing it), I'm not hugely concerned about it for the time being. Does this help? —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:21, 27 October 2025 (UTC)
:: Probably, but I will say the following below (for my first sentence) to clarify:
:: On the &lt;code&gt;|category =&lt;/code&gt; parameter, when placing a recipe category name, should it either be {{tq|Sandwich recipes}} or {{tq|Recipes for sandwiches}}? I hope this clears the confusion. '''[[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#0024FF&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]]''' ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 18:39, 27 October 2025 (UTC)

== Please no more Unicode LTA ==

Please don't block me again. I promise I will edit Unicode stuff and add correct information. [[Special:Contributions/&amp;#126;2025-30839-28|&amp;#126;2025-30839-28]] ([[User talk:&amp;#126;2025-30839-28|talk]]) 20:54, 1 November 2025 (UTC)
:&lt;small&gt;I am a bit out of the loop, so correct me if I'm wrong - I'm assuming here&lt;/small&gt; I think the point is that they want you to ''not'' edit the Unicode stuff? Also hi kitty, it's been a ... very long time.. &lt;sup&gt;&amp;#8212; [[User:L10nM4st3r|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#c71300&quot;&gt;L10nM4st3r&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/sup&gt; / &lt;sub&gt;[[User talk:L10nM4st3r|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#ce3f00&quot;&gt;'''ROAR''' at me!&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/sub&gt; 01:13, 5 November 2025 (UTC)
::Ok so apparently not as long as I thought, but it feels like I've been away for at least a year lol &lt;sup&gt;&amp;#8212; [[User:L10nM4st3r|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#c71300&quot;&gt;L10nM4st3r&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/sup&gt; / &lt;sub&gt;[[User talk:L10nM4st3r|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#ce3f00&quot;&gt;'''ROAR''' at me!&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/sub&gt; 01:23, 5 November 2025 (UTC)
:::Nice to see you! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 15:41, 5 November 2025 (UTC)

== Administrator and reviewer user right combinations are not needed anymore ==

Given that administrators can review edits in addition to reviewers, I would suggest for you (and other administrators) to kindly remove the reviewer permission from (own) accounts. What I'm saying is that if one holds administrator and reviewer permissions together, they can remove the reviewer permission from their own account and retain their administrator permission. Thanks. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#0024FF&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 16:06, 11 November 2025 (UTC)

:Gotcha—is there a reason it's bad for one user to have both these rights? If so, I can remove my reviewer right. Otherwise, it seems fairly harmless? —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 19:26, 11 November 2025 (UTC)
:: The thing is, administrators have the &lt;code&gt;review&lt;/code&gt; user right, as well as some permissions in the reviewer user group in the administrator toolset. That means that having the reviewer user group together with the admin user group is redundant. Hope this explains it. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#0024FF&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 19:59, 11 November 2025 (UTC)
::: @[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] &lt;s&gt;I'll do this tomorrow morning, as well as to remove autoreviewed user permissions from users who are reviewers.&lt;/s&gt; ({{doing}}) [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#0024FF&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 03:24, 12 November 2025 (UTC)
: I have removed the autoreviewed user permission from users who are reviewers. As for administrators, I will do so later today. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#0024FF&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 03:40, 13 November 2025 (UTC)

== Nesting in Open Book of Ecovillages and Eco Communities  ==

Hi Kittycataclysm,

I am editor of wikipedia since 2004. We have the habit if we have a concern using the talk page to clarify the case. I am not sure to delete meaningful content without previous notification and doing major redirection without agreeing the main contributor(s) is an adequate admin act and sign of good manner of host (see [[W:Wikipedia:Etiquette|Wikipedia:Etiquette]].)

Yes, It will be not an average book but above the regular. This is the exact case: ''&quot;this may be appropriate, such as with large textbooks that contain subsections with a lot of content.&quot;'' ''for to establish good structural and stylistic practices''

I have a data management certification. If you asking it will have 4 nest level on strict purpose. If you saw the introduction of the [[Open Book of Ecovillages and Eco Communities]] is/will be a global collection making effective collaboration over borders and continents. One structured + categorized(!) page for each community willing to show up. The Postal addresses has also same or larger deepness, this is unavoidable (Country/Postal Code/Location/Street/House/floor/door). Here will looks like: '''Eco-comm/Continent/Regio code/Community name'''

The goal of this system to open bridge + experience highway  for the communities using the same permaculture technics what collected parallelly in [[Open Book of Permaculture]]. That is also part of this knowledge base please dont do simplification steps on that without discussion.

I am kindly asking to revert your edits in this book.

After that I will put a notification template  about 
 &quot;This book is under construction with major changes. Before contributing, please discuss and align your work with at least one of the main contributors listed in the Page History. Common clarifications/ guides are on the primary talk page.&quot;


Thanks: [[User:Rodrigo|Rodrigo]] ([[User talk:Rodrigo|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Rodrigo|contribs]]) 02:22, 12 November 2025 (UTC)

:Hi @[[User:Rodrigo|Rodrigo]], and thank you both for your contributions and for reaching out! Yes, I did make the following changes to [[Open Book of Ecovillages and Eco Communities]]:
:* I moved the pages from the [[Eco-comm]] namespace to the [[Open Book of Ecovillages and Eco Communities]] namespace, since the table of contents and pages for a given book should be under that book's namespace.
:* I removed the links to Wikipedia that were on [[Open Book of Ecovillages and Eco Communities]], since outlinking has been discouraged at en.Wikibooks as a matter of practice. Compilations of links may not fall into WB scope as an instructional text, and [[Wikibooks:Requests for deletion/Piano Solo Music: An Encyclopedia|there is precedent for deleting them]]. But, I do see that the tool I used didn't just remove links to enWP, so I will restore the prior revision and ping the tool developer.
:* I flagged it as needing denesting—you're right that nested entries can sometimes be appropriate. In this case, I was primarily flagging for a denest because the table of contents needs to be moved onto the main page, and it shouldn't have hidden navigation within the nested portions.
:Could you clarify which of these edits you do not agree with so I can make sure they are individually addressed? As an aside, it could be helpful to create a [[Help:Local manuals of style|local manual of style]] for the book in order to clearly outline the expectations. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:59, 12 November 2025 (UTC)
::My main concern not about moving and flagging but '''deleting''' [[Eco-comm]] against [[Wikibooks:Deletion policy]] and not mentioning in the clarification even after my notification. Should I note all administrators [[Wikibooks:Please do not bite the newcomers]] - or will they do speedy deleting one by one until I make them individually addressed?
:::The &lt;u&gt; local manual of style&lt;/u&gt; development is ongoing together with the sample pages.
::'''MAIN PAGE'''
::The '''Main page''' and '''Namespace''' is the [[Eco-comm]]. The '''Full Title''' or '''Cover''' is [[Open Book of Ecovillages and Eco Communities]]. Because of the high level of nesting the below extra-long-full-text-title to be avoided the Cover page is a redirection with preface/intro etc.
::'''NESTING '''
:::Featured book with 3 level nesting: [[Social and Cultural Foundations of American Education/Educational Change/Theory]]
:::5 level nesting example: [[Development Cooperation Handbook/Designing and Executing Projects/Communication Management/Communication Planning/Develop a Conflict Management Strategy]]
::'''Categories''' The [[:Category:Eco-comm]] will let the users make practical sub-categories e.g. [[:Category:Eco-comm/Project/numundo]] [[:Category:Eco-comm/]]
:::
::[[User:Rodrigo|Rodrigo]] ([[User talk:Rodrigo|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Rodrigo|contribs]]) 03:44, 18 November 2025 (UTC)
:::Thank you for elaborating! I'm unfortunately not sure what you mean about deleting [[Eco-comm]]—are you referring to the fact that I moved it without leaving a redirect? Regarding the nesting, I do honestly think those other books you linked should have their navigation denested since I find their format difficult to parse, and they have some navigation issues. Looping in some other active admins (@[[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]] @[[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] @[[User:JJPMaster|JJPMaster]] @[[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] (@[[User:SHB2000|SHB2000]]) so they can get eyes on this and voice anything they think is important. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 04:12, 18 November 2025 (UTC)
::::It makes no sense to have some crazy abbreviation as a &quot;main page&quot; or &quot;namespace&quot; (whatever that means in this context) for a book in order to allow it to be deep nested. Nobody needs to type the whole name of the nesting because that's what navigation templates do, and it is a simple matter to override the page title. I also take issue with the statement, above, &quot;Before contributing, please discuss and align your work with at least one of the main contributors listed in the Page History.&quot; Anybody can edit, and nobody gets to own and control any work. Taken together, this complaint looks like a case of attempting to assert ownership and to operate against the normal practices of Wikibooks. As such, I am completely aligned with the changes made. [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 12:49, 18 November 2025 (UTC)
:::::That. [[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]] ([[User talk:Leaderboard|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Leaderboard|contribs]]) 14:59, 18 November 2025 (UTC)
::::Thanks @[[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]]@[[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]] for the contribution, btw the [[Development Cooperation Handbook/Designing and Executing Projects/Communication Management/Communication Planning/Develop a Conflict Management Strategy]] also looks crazy long, is'nt it? Lets continue in the [[Wikibooks:Reading_room/General]] keeping this page for personal messages. [[User:Rodrigo|Rodrigo]] ([[User talk:Rodrigo|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Rodrigo|contribs]]) 23:07, 20 November 2025 (UTC)

== Deletions of Wikibook subpages ==

Hello @[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]],

regarding the [[Thesis Writing Guide]] subpage deletions, should I just recreate them when I keep working on them or was there an automatic deletion that we could undo? This document will grow, but really slowly.

Best,
Tim [[User:TimBorgNetzWerk|TimBorgNetzWerk]] ([[User talk:TimBorgNetzWerk|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/TimBorgNetzWerk|contribs]]) 11:37, 16 December 2025 (UTC)

:Hi @[[User:TimBorgNetzWerk|TimBorgNetzWerk]]! Since there was so little content on the deleted pages, my recommendation would just be for you to gradually recreate the chapters as you go. Does that make sense? Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 19:54, 17 December 2025 (UTC)
::Makes sense, not my ideal solution, but also not far from it :) The end result will be the same, the in-between will just feel a little bit weird from time to time.
::Thank you for taking time to curate and quality-control Wikibooks - wishing wonderful holidays and a happy new year! [[User:TimBorgNetzWerk|TimBorgNetzWerk]] ([[User talk:TimBorgNetzWerk|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/TimBorgNetzWerk|contribs]]) 20:43, 17 December 2025 (UTC)
:::Thank you, and happy holidays to you as well :) —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:13, 17 December 2025 (UTC)

== help with &quot;Media Literacy and You&quot; == 

{{re|Kittycataclysm}} What do I need to do to get a quality review of ''[[Media Literacy and You]]'', or whatever is needed to remove &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Qr-em|not clear how this is to be structured as a book}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;? 

I ask, because you added that flag just over 2 hours after I created it. I later found that I had accidentally created it as an anonymous user. I've since started using my standard Wikiname, and I tried to respond to the requests both by creating a discussion on the &quot;Discussion&quot; page associated with that book and by upgrading the content. 

The upgrades included adding the &quot;Introduction&quot; chapter by revising an article on Wikiversity that convinced me to start this Wikibook. I have other articles that I plan to rewrite to create 9 of the remaining 11 chapters in the current table of contents, as indicated in this table of contents. 

??? Thanks, [[User:DavidMCEddy|DavidMCEddy]] ([[User talk:DavidMCEddy|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/DavidMCEddy|contribs]]) 02:23, 8 February 2026 (UTC)

:Hi @[[User:DavidMCEddy|DavidMCEddy]]! I removed the query flag, since this is clearly not a test page. I do have concerns about the suitability of this book for Wikibooks, since it seems to be more in line with essays and original research/analysis (which are [[Wikibooks:WIW|out of scope here]]). Wikiversity seems like a very suitable place for them—is there a specific reason you want to move them here? Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 16:24, 8 February 2026 (UTC)

::{{re|Kittycataclysm}} 
::This book is intended to accelerate the diffusion of [[w:Media literacy|media literacy]] by making it easier for humans to (a) access training materials and (b) connect with research on the most important issues that concern them and (c) discuss those issues with others who may believe differently in a nonthreatening context that encourages dialogue and a shared search for what can honestly be said about any particular issue. This is an extension of &quot;The wisdom of polarized crowds&quot; discussed in [[Wikipedia:Reliability of Wikipedia]]. 

::I don't know about you, but I'm frightened by the collapse of nuclear arms control agreements since the year 2000, by global warming, by the threats of the Trump administration to invade Canada and Greenland, etc. If this book project is successful, it will make a material contribution to reversing these trends -- unless this kind of dialogue is [[v:Responding to a nuclear attack|interrupted by a nuclear war]]. 

=== Who is DavidMCEddy ===

::I'm a [[w:Vietnam veteran|Vietnam-era veteran]] with a PhD in statistics and a publication record for which [https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Spencer-Graves-3 ReserchGate has found over 1,200 academic publications that have cited my work.] Since  [https://xtools.wmcloud.org/ec/en.wikipedia.org/DavidMCEddy 2010 I have logged]
*  6,000+ edits in each of Wikipedia and Wikiversity, 
*  1,000+ in Wikimedia Commons, 
* 30,000+ in Wikidata, and 
* almost 1,000 in other Wikimedia Foundation projects like Wikiquote and edits to the Spanish, French and German Wikipedias. 

This includes dozens of research reports posted to Wikiversity under [[v:Category:Freedom and abundance]] and 44 posts under [[v:Category:Media reform to improve democracy]] that provide a platform for documenting and discussing 44 episodes of a fortnightly &quot;Media &amp; Democracy&quot; series of 29:00 mm:ss podcasts syndicated for the [https://pacificanetwork.org/stations-2/ Pacifica Radio Network] featuring the opinions of leading experts on the increase in political polarization and violence and what those experts think should be done about this. 

I've just posted another chapter to [[Media Literacy and You/The impact of the media on political economy since the time of the Pharaohs]]. I hope you will agree that this book can make a positive contribution to Wikibooks and to [[w:Jimmy Wales|Jimbo Wales]]' [[w:Wikipedia:Prime objective|Prime Directive]] to create &quot;a world in which every single person on the planet is given free access to the sum of all human knowledge.&quot; Thanks, [[User:DavidMCEddy|DavidMCEddy]] ([[User talk:DavidMCEddy|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/DavidMCEddy|contribs]]) 01:19, 9 February 2026 (UTC)

:@[[User:DavidMCEddy|DavidMCEddy]] Thank you and I understand this, but I am asking why you think this material is more suitable at Wikibooks rather than at Wikiversity. From what I can see, Wikiversity seems like the more appropriate home for it given our [[Wikibooks:WIW|scope]]. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:59, 9 February 2026 (UTC)

::{{re|Kittycataclysm}} 

::&quot;Media Literacy and You&quot; is textbook to support both self study and classes on media literacy. 

::I have been posting content to Wikiversity since 2014 and have not encountered support there for books. A search just now turned up a hint of a book on Wikiversity, but I could not easily find anything on how to do it, etc.  

::I think this &quot;Media Literacy and You&quot; project would lose the vast majority of its potential if it were not on Wikibooks. 

::??? Thanks, [[User:DavidMCEddy|DavidMCEddy]] ([[User talk:DavidMCEddy|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/DavidMCEddy|contribs]]) 02:22, 9 February 2026 (UTC)

{{outdent}}

{{re|Kittycataclysm}} 
Will you please help me with the protocols of creating a book on Wikiversity? 

1. I have found documentation that claims that Wikiversity supports such. However, the documentation seems incomplete, potentially out of date, etc. For example, I could not see how to follow the instructions for [[Wikiversity:Help:Books#Step 1: Enable the &quot;Book creator&quot; tool]]. So I posted a question to [[Wikiversity:Help talk:Books]]. 

2. What do you suggest I do next? 

:I can create an article on Wikiversity titled, &quot;Media Literacy and You&quot;, and port everything I've posted to Wikibooks there, then replace the pages on Wikibooks with redirects to [[Wikiversity:Media Literacy and You]], [[Wikiversity:Media Literacy and You/Introduction]], and [[Wikiversity:Media Literacy and You/The impact of the media on political economy since the time of the Pharaohs]]. 

:If you think that's the best way to build this book project, great. It would actually be easier for me, because there would be less translation between what I already have on Wikiversity and a version for Wikibooks. (Also, Wikiversity supports &lt;nowiki&gt;{{cite Q|...}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;, which I have used extensively for years.) 

:Thanks for your help. [[User:DavidMCEddy|DavidMCEddy]] ([[User talk:DavidMCEddy|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/DavidMCEddy|contribs]]) 13:26, 9 February 2026 (UTC)

:@[[User:DavidMCEddy|DavidMCEddy]] Unfortunately, I am not familiar with the exact workings of Wikiversity, so I can't be much help there. My personal recommendation is that you ask there for help on how best to structure your materials to match the WV requirements. If you'd like some additional opinions/insight, please feel free to also check in at the [[Wikibooks:Reading room/General|reading room]]. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:22, 10 February 2026 (UTC)

::{{re|Kittycataclysm}} I believe I have finished migrating all of ''Media Literacy and You'' to Wikiversity and replacing the parts of it on Wikibooks with redirects. Comments? Thanks, [[User:DavidMCEddy|DavidMCEddy]] ([[User talk:DavidMCEddy|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/DavidMCEddy|contribs]]) 17:32, 10 February 2026 (UTC)

== Thank you!  ==

Heya, thanks for reviewing my stuff! Just to note, the first lesson page was done and so that'll need moving. If you want to discuss anything with me, I am easily reachable on Discord @ xiluosi233. I can explain philosophy, approach, and so on from my teaching experience if you want anything regarding that. [[User:Shira the Mogul|Shira the Mogul]] ([[User talk:Shira the Mogul|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Shira the Mogul|contribs]]) 19:48, 17 February 2026 (UTC)

:It appears [[An Introduction to the Han Script]] was moved wrong - should it not be [[General Literary Chinese from Scratch/An Introduction to the Han Script]]? [[User:Shira the Mogul|Shira the Mogul]] ([[User talk:Shira the Mogul|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Shira the Mogul|contribs]]) 19:52, 17 February 2026 (UTC)
::@[[User:Shira the Mogul|Shira the Mogul]] good catch! I accidentally removed more of the title than intended. I've fixed this now. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 13:18, 18 February 2026 (UTC)

== A test request ==

Just to see whether a recent Luna update turned out as intended, could you briefly revert your [[User:Kittycataclysm/lunaoptions.json|Luna preferences page]] to the first revision? Since you don't appear to have any custom preferences in the first place, I don't think there should be any conflicts. [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]&lt;sub&gt;[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]&lt;sub&gt;[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/sub&gt; ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 01:49, 30 March 2026 (UTC)

:Done! But, it seems to have perhaps auto-updated again immediately afterwards. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 15:39, 10 April 2026 (UTC)

== Linking ==
Hi,&lt;br&gt;
For my edification, why is a link from [[Cookbook:nettle|nettle]] to [[w:Urtica_dioica|Urtica dioica]] not appropriate? The Wikipedia article has more information &amp; seems relevant.&lt;br&gt;
Thanks, ... [[User:PeterEasthope|PeterEasthope]] ([[User talk:PeterEasthope|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/PeterEasthope|contribs]]) 01:53, 24 April 2026 (UTC)

:@[[User:PeterEasthope|PeterEasthope]] good question! Wikibooks discourages outlinking, since books should be self-contained units. Instead of linking to [[w:Urtica dioica]], the correct approach would be to flesh out the actual chapter here at Wikibooks. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 17:34, 24 April 2026 (UTC)
::Should all material in the Wikipedia article about Urtica dioica relevant to cooking be duplicated into the nettle article in the cookbook? Thanks, ... [[User:PeterEasthope|PeterEasthope]] ([[User talk:PeterEasthope|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/PeterEasthope|contribs]]) 02:30, 2 May 2026 (UTC)
:::@[[User:PeterEasthope|PeterEasthope]] you could do that, although you should only include information that is sourced. However, I recommend that you wait, because I am coincidentally working on the page right now and fleshing it out significantly. I should publish today. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 21:40, 2 May 2026 (UTC)
::::The nettle page is better now. Thanks.
::::I still wonder, given that the link to ''The Complete Guide to Edible Wild Plants, ...'' is permitted, why not a link to the botanically oriented page in Wikipedia. What if someone reads the Cookbook article and is interested in the toxin for example? Seems that non-Wikimedia references are more privileged than Wikimedia references.
::::Also, by chance, just noticed the [[w:Nettle_soup|Nettle soup]] article in Wikipedia. Better in the Cookbook?
::::Thx, ... [[User:PeterEasthope|PeterEasthope]] ([[User talk:PeterEasthope|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/PeterEasthope|contribs]]) 19:10, 5 May 2026 (UTC)
:::::Another good question. The reason those books are linked is because they are reputable and topical sources for the subject matter (nettles as used in cooking from an instructional perspective), and the links are part of the citations—this makes it different from a simple outlink to a Wikipedia page. Wikipedia pages should also not be cited themselves as sources. Regarding nettle soup, I don't think it makes sense to have that as a standalone page here in the cookbook due to its encyclopedic tone, and I don't see any recipes there. Does this make sense? —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 00:21, 6 May 2026 (UTC)
::::::Somewhat. Certainly a recipe wouldn't be incongruous in a cookbook. Still seems unhelpful that relevant information in Wikipedia is inaccessible from a Wikibook. In effect there's a &quot;Berlin Wall&quot; between two Wikimedia projects. Would a &quot;See also&quot; section be permissible?
::::::Thanks, ... [[User:PeterEasthope|PeterEasthope]] ([[User talk:PeterEasthope|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/PeterEasthope|contribs]]) 14:00, 7 May 2026 (UTC)

== You may be an eligible candidate for the U4C election ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
Greetings,

The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)]] seeks candidates for the 2026 election. The U4C is the global committee responsible for overseeing enforcement of the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct]]. Elections are held annually, if elected a committee member serves for two years.

This year the U4C requires candidates to hold administrator rights on at least one wiki, which is why you are being contacted as you appear to hold this right. There are other requirements, such as candidates must be at least 18 years old and may not be employed by the Wikimedia Foundation or other related chapters and affiliates. You can find more information in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026#Call_for_Candidates|call for candidates on Meta-wiki]]. Additionally, the committee's working language is English; some ability to communicate in English is required.

The election opens on 18 May, if you are eligible and interested you have until 10 May to submit your candidacy. There will week between for candidates to answer questions from the community. Voting takes place privately in [[m:Special:MyLanguage/SecurePoll|SecurePoll]], successful candidates must receive at least 60% support. More information is available on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026|the 2026 Elections page]], including timelines and other candidacy information. If you read over the material and consider yourself qualified, please consider submitting your name to run for the committee. If you think someone else in your community might be interested and qualified, please encourage them to run.

In partnership with the U4C -- [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User_talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 18:32, 28 April 2026 (UTC) &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Keegan_(WMF)/test&amp;oldid=30471751 --&gt;

== Undeletion request ==

Hello,


I am writing to request an undeletion of the page Saumya Pandya Thakkar, Shakuntala Pandya and the Pedestrians of Ahmedabad. You stated you are a frequent visitor of the Lentis page and are thus familiar with it. This page was part of a class assignment and was in progress at the time of deletion. The work deleted is what we will be graded on for our class, so we would appreciate the restoration. [[User:Yqj3km|Yqj3km]] ([[User talk:Yqj3km|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Yqj3km|contribs]]) 19:36, 4 May 2026 (UTC)

:@[[User:Yqj3km|Yqj3km]] see my response below regarding undeletion. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 22:15, 4 May 2026 (UTC)

== Undeletion request ==

About the page on Lentis called Saumya Pandya Thakkar, Shakuntala Pandya and the Pedestrians of Ahmedabad: I, too, request undeletion, please. If the authors made any msitakes, the fault is 100 percent mine, for failing to guide them correctly. Like all chapters in this book, this team's chapter is a class assignment. I will be interested also in the reason for deletion so that I can guide authors better. I want to help my students be constructive contributors. Many thanks!

[[User:Norton|Norton]] ([[User talk:Norton|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Norton|contribs]]) 20:03, 4 May 2026 (UTC)

:Hi @[[User:Norton|Norton]] and thanks for the ping! I deleted it because it was not titled/filed correctly, so I didn't realize it was part of [[Lentis]]. I have undeleted it and moved it to [[Lentis/Saumya Pandya Thakkar, Shakuntala Pandya and the Pedestrians of Ahmedabad]]. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 22:14, 4 May 2026 (UTC)
::Many, many thanks, @[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]]! I am very grateful as always for everything you do for Wikibooks!
::[[User:Norton|Norton]] ([[User talk:Norton|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Norton|contribs]]) 22:27, 4 May 2026 (UTC)

== Log in issues ==

Hi, messaging you as you seem to be the most active admin at the moment. I can't log in (as posted at  &lt;bdi&gt;[[Wikibooks:Reading room/Administrative Assistance]] and also on my WP page at&lt;/bdi&gt; [[w:User_talk:Xania]]). Seems to be an issue with extra security for admins? I am asked to use my authenticator app (which I can't as I have never set it up for Wikibooks) or a recovery code (which I don't have). Any idea what I should do in this situation? Xania [[Special:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-28255-89|&amp;#126;2026-28255-89]] ([[User talk:&amp;#126;2026-28255-89|talk]]) 18:21, 10 May 2026 (UTC)

:Apologies for missing this yesterday! It seems like we have a few people working on it over in the reading room, and I'll keep track there. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 16:37, 11 May 2026 (UTC)

== Splitting pages ==
FYI, I untagged [[Art Print Production Methods]] as for splitting: the page is rather small with its 20 KB and does not need splitting, in my view. Ideally, there would be an operationalized, fairly detailed policy on the matter, but I do not know of one. Single-page books are in [[:Category:One-page books]]. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 04:45, 20 May 2026 (UTC)

== &lt;s&gt;Slander&lt;/s&gt; ==

&lt;S&gt;Your tag is slanderous and very easily proven wrong.&lt;/s&gt;[https://en.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=Five_Rules_for_Meaningful_Living&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=4654455] Given you likely didn't bother to look at the edit history, I would remind you that your given reason that you think it was AI is because you see the chapter is &quot;numbered&quot;. That however was 100% my own personal decision after I reviewed my work and thought to myself that I later wrote in the introduction that there is a first to fourth chapter. However I thought to myself that the readers would not be easily made aware of what is meant by first to fourth as I didn't number them - so is why I dedicated an entire edit to make it less ambiguous  [https://en.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=Five_Rules_for_Meaningful_Living&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=4654328]. I should not have to be falsely penalized because I wanted to be more considerate and ensure better clarity. I do however request AI to help me figure out coding like this - [https://en.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=Five_Rules_for_Meaningful_Living&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=4654329] as I don't know how to link. But I intentionally take great efforts to not rely on AI to write that book and find your wrongful presumptions troubling. [[User:JaredMcKenzie|JaredMcKenzie]] ([[User talk:JaredMcKenzie|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/JaredMcKenzie|contribs]]) 06:00, 15 July 2026 (UTC)

:@[[User:JaredMcKenzie|JaredMcKenzie]] thank you for clarifying! I flagged it for review because it matched a common pattern we see associated with LLM use here. If that is not the case, then nothing needs to happen in that respect; however, you will likely want to fix the lists so that they are correctly formatted in the Wikitext and not hard-written—let me know if you have any questions about that. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:14, 16 July 2026 (UTC)
::Yeah, I don't instantly understand what you mean by &quot;correctly formatted&quot; list. At first, I assumed you were referring to chapter 4 - (''Further reading'')? But I think I know what you mean. I made this edit here [https://en.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=Five_Rules_for_Meaningful_Living&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=4654738] to align with how I see wikibooks typically do lists. Did I fix it? If not, feel free to clarify.[[User:JaredMcKenzie|JaredMcKenzie]] ([[User talk:JaredMcKenzie|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/JaredMcKenzie|contribs]]) 18:35, 16 July 2026 (UTC)
::I thought about how I responded earlier. Even tho I still disagree, I probably shouldn't have used such a tone. I imagine admins like yourself do a lot of work overseeing wiki and the project owes a lot to you guys. So I take back my harsh words, and I hope we're good.[[User:JaredMcKenzie|JaredMcKenzie]] ([[User talk:JaredMcKenzie|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/JaredMcKenzie|contribs]]) 03:38, 17 July 2026 (UTC)
:::@[[User:JaredMcKenzie|JaredMcKenzie]] I appreciate that—thank you! And thank you for [[Special:Diff/4654738|making those changes to the lists]], which was indeed what I was referring to. Happy editing! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 13:31, 17 July 2026 (UTC)

== The Geoguide ==

I literally wrote all of this myself I used no AI if you want to you can highlight the areas that seem way too formal and ill fix them [[User:Kayden Swanson|Kayden Swanson]] ([[User talk:Kayden Swanson|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kayden Swanson|contribs]]) 04:22, 18 July 2026 (UTC)

:Thank you! I have removed the flag. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 20:41, 20 July 2026 (UTC)

== Vandalism ==

your recent   changes may not be constructive.

{{Warning}}

[[User:Duodeca 12|Duodeca 12]] ([[User talk:Duodeca 12|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Duodeca 12|contribs]]) 20:39, 2 August 2026 (UTC)

== Your recent revert ==
Could you explain [[Special:Diff/4670314]]? This seems to be you ''restoring'' vandalism, which was originally introduced by [[Special:Diff/4669920]]. [[User:EggRoll97|EggRoll97]] ([[User talk:EggRoll97|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/EggRoll97|contribs]]) 20:06, 15 September 2026 (UTC)

:Good catch! Somehow I didn't have the most recent version of a page loaded, and it seems like Luna reverts the most recent edit of a page and not the specific edit you're viewing. The edit in question should be fixed now. Thanks! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 20:11, 15 September 2026 (UTC)
::Sorry {{PAGENAME}} for butting in here, I hope you don't mind.
::Just wanted to mention that I have had a few  similar experiences when editing (not having the most recent version of a page loaded). Once this caused me friction with an admin who was convinced I was willfully undoing their edit. This happened years ago on another wikimedia project.
::Ottawahitech [[Special:Contributions/~2026-40500-29|~2026-40500-29]] ([[User talk:~2026-40500-29|talk]]) 01:18, 16 September 2026 (UTC)

== Confirmed user ==
&lt;s&gt;If this is one, could I perhaps be a confirmed user? The software has not granted me autoconfirmed, despite me having the requirements.&lt;/s&gt; [[User:TechVindicator|TechVindicator]] ([[User talk:TechVindicator|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/TechVindicator|contribs]]) 23:50, 22 September 2026 (UTC)
:This is not needed anymore, thank you! [[User:TechVindicator|TechVindicator]] ([[User talk:TechVindicator|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/TechVindicator|contribs]]) 23:58, 22 September 2026 (UTC)

== Vandalism on Unicode/Character reference/1F000-1FFFF ==
I caught the LTA adding Unicode characters which aren't even approved, I undid it, and they reverted. Please semi-protect this page.[[User:Alexlatham96|Alexlatham96]] ([[User talk:Alexlatham96|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Alexlatham96|contribs]]) 15:33, 27 September 2026 (UTC)

== Pages by [[User:Ruth Bulyaba M]] ==
Hello Kittycataclysm,
I would like to bring to your attention the pages created by this user. I have used AI checkers to check if the page was created by AI, and it turned out to be positive. I have reached out to the user, to no response. Could you perhaps verify if their pages were created by AI? Thank you. [[User:TechVindicator|TechVindicator]] ([[User talk:TechVindicator|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/TechVindicator|contribs]]) 11:26, 29 September 2026 (UTC)
:Could you perhaps also check [[User:Matovu_Trevor/sandbox|this page]]? Many thanks. [[User:TechVindicator|TechVindicator]] ([[User talk:TechVindicator|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/TechVindicator|contribs]]) 11:28, 29 September 2026 (UTC)
::After a cursory look, I do agree that these are LLM-generated. I'm starting to see an influx of editors who add LLM generated content to their sandboxes to take advantage of the fact that we are typically much more lenient about what editors do in their sandboxes. However, because I can't see any way for them to edit the material and publish it in a way that still complies with our policy, I'm inclined to delete them—we ban AI-generated ideas, and there is no way to alter the existing material in a way that circumvents that. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:33, 1 October 2026 (UTC)
:::I will note, as an aside, that we do not rely on automated AI checkers, which have their own flaws—rather, we should be able to articulate exactly why we believe something to be in violation of the policy. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:34, 1 October 2026 (UTC)

== Recipe ==
Hello Kittycataclysm, 
I have created a [https://en.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=User:MathsScienceNerd1/sandbox&amp;oldid=4678337 recipe] that has been translated from nlwikibooks, and I do not know whether it is suitable for enwikibooks, other than it is a recipe of nlwikibooks and thus may conform to the Cookbook MoS over there. Could you perhaps check the page? Regards, --[[User:MathsScienceNerd1|MathsScienceNerd1]] ([[User talk:MathsScienceNerd1|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathsScienceNerd1|contribs]]) 12:29, 26 October 2026 (UTC)
==[[:Cookbook:Colcannon (Scottish)]]==
{{tmbox|type=delete|text='''Kittycataclysm, please [[Wikibooks:Requests for deletion#Cookbook:Colcannon (Scottish)|share your thoughts]] about whether to [[WB:WIW|keep]] or [[WB:DP|delete]] &quot;[[:Cookbook:Colcannon (Scottish)|Cookbook:Colcannon (Scottish)]]&quot;.'''&lt;br /&gt;You are being notified because you have contributed to this work. [[User:MathsScienceNerd1|MathsScienceNerd1]] ([[User talk:MathsScienceNerd1|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathsScienceNerd1|contribs]]) 11:33, 30 October 2026 (UTC)}}

:Thank you for the flag! What was the reasoning for deletion here? I don't see it on the page itself. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 19:53, 3 November 2026 (UTC)
::Ah, my bad! I see it over at RfD. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 19:55, 3 November 2026 (UTC)

== I have added a tag to a page you created ==
Hi! I'm MathsScienceNerd1, and I recently reviewed your page, [[:Cookbook:Curry Paste]]. I have added a tag to the page, because it &lt;strong&gt;may meet the [[Wikibooks:Deletion policy#Speedy deletions|criteria for speedy deletion]].&lt;/strong&gt; This means that it can be deleted at any time.  If you believe that your page should not be deleted, please post a message on [[Cookbook talk:Curry Paste|the page's talk page]] explaining why. &lt;strong&gt;If your reasoning is convincing, your page may be saved.&lt;/strong&gt; If you have any questions or concerns, please [[User talk:MathsScienceNerd1|let me know]]. Thank you! &lt;!-- Substituted from User:JJPMaster/CurateThisPage/authorMsg --&gt; [[User:MathsScienceNerd1|MathsScienceNerd1]] ([[User talk:MathsScienceNerd1|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathsScienceNerd1|contribs]]) 22:23, 2 November 2026 (UTC)
== I have added a tag to a page you created ==
Hi! I'm MathsScienceNerd1, and I recently reviewed your page, [[:Cookbook:Doubanjiang]]. I have added a tag to the page, because it &lt;strong&gt;may meet the [[Wikibooks:Deletion policy#Speedy deletions|criteria for speedy deletion]].&lt;/strong&gt; This means that it can be deleted at any time.  If you believe that your page should not be deleted, please post a message on [[Cookbook talk:Doubanjiang|the page's talk page]] explaining why. &lt;strong&gt;If your reasoning is convincing, your page may be saved.&lt;/strong&gt; If you have any questions or concerns, please [[User talk:MathsScienceNerd1|let me know]]. Thank you! &lt;!-- Substituted from User:JJPMaster/CurateThisPage/authorMsg --&gt; [[User:MathsScienceNerd1|MathsScienceNerd1]] ([[User talk:MathsScienceNerd1|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathsScienceNerd1|contribs]]) 22:29, 2 November 2026 (UTC)
== I have added a tag to a page you created ==
Hi! I'm MathsScienceNerd1, and I recently reviewed your page, [[:Cookbook:Seitan]]. I have added a tag to the page, because it &lt;strong&gt;may meet the [[Wikibooks:Deletion policy#Speedy deletions|criteria for speedy deletion]].&lt;/strong&gt; This means that it can be deleted at any time.  If you believe that your page should not be deleted, please post a message on [[Cookbook talk:Seitan|the page's talk page]] explaining why. &lt;strong&gt;If your reasoning is convincing, your page may be saved.&lt;/strong&gt; If you have any questions or concerns, please [[User talk:MathsScienceNerd1|let me know]]. Thank you! &lt;!-- Substituted from User:JJPMaster/CurateThisPage/authorMsg --&gt; [[User:MathsScienceNerd1|MathsScienceNerd1]] ([[User talk:MathsScienceNerd1|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathsScienceNerd1|contribs]]) 22:30, 2 November 2026 (UTC)

== Clarification Regarding Deleted Wikibooks Sandbox and Future Contributions ==
I understand there are issues with my sandbox due to deletion and the AI content policy of Wikibooks. However, I would like to contribute to the project by using my own work.

If I were to make a new sandbox with the original content would that be ok?

Please let me know what to do.

Thanks [[User:SandeepLPU|SandeepLPU]] ([[User talk:SandeepLPU|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/SandeepLPU|contribs]]) 17:22, 5 November 2026 (UTC)

:Hi @[[User:SandeepLPU|SandeepLPU]] and thanks for reaching out! You shouldn't just add back the originally deleted content, since that would still contain AI-generated materials. Instead, I recommend going back to the last point at which the content is entirely your own, and starting over with that. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 17:31, 6 November 2026 (UTC)
::hi @[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]], actually it is a college acedemic project/assignment, where we (around 150 students) need to write a blog individually on elctronics topic, we are really sorry that this editing stuff were new to us especially in wikibooks, as gen'z were fully dependent on using AI, and growing with it. yeah we do know that we dont need to use AI, but i thought its a sandbox so taking help of AI is not a crime, using AI - the time complexity  is reduced. now every students again writing the blog with their own efforts with out using AI. thanks@[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] for detecting the errors and guiding us. [[User:SandeepLPU|SandeepLPU]] ([[User talk:SandeepLPU|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/SandeepLPU|contribs]]) 08:51, 7 November 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>d2p1r0zerix3vp8au6gvpx6wsiu3uhs</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Oberon/FAQ</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>446849</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4680578</id>
      <parentid>4677586</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T21:36:22Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>PeterEasthope</username>
        <id>660399</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Questions pertinent to multiple systems */ Added the question from Norayr about parsing command parameters.</comment>
      <origin>4680578</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4227" sha1="j7r6iabe6y3os17su7ncetqgq61b6c5" xml:space="preserve">{{Navigation
 | Book     = Wikibooks:Oberon
 | previous = Contributing
 | next     = Support
 }}
== System Specific FAQ ==
[[Oberon/ETH Oberon/faq|ETH Oberon FAQ]]&lt;br&gt;
[[Oberon/A2/FAQ|A2 FAQ]]&lt;br&gt;
== Questions pertinent to multiple systems==
; Q0. Why do some Oberon systems have a flat file system?  Isn't a tree structured file system indispensable in highly productive (=8~/) contemporary environments?
: A0. The [[w:Hierarchical_file_system|tree structured file system]] came into prominence during the 1950s and '60s when computer memories were miniscule.  The tree structure helped with organization of the operating system.  Typical memory access is far faster than file access.  With current hardware, a data structure can be composed and used in memory with much faster performance than a data structure in a file system.  With some focus on choice of meaningful names for files, most users will find the flat file system entirely adequate.  Also, an emulated Oberon subsystem can have access to a tree structured file system of the host.  Additionally, ETH Oberon running on a bare PC supports the [[w:File_Allocation_Table|FAT]] and [[w:ISO_9660|ISO 9660:1988]] file systems, which are tree structured.  In reality, a flat file system in Oberon is a benefit rather than detriment.

; Q1. Are Oberon and A2 fundamentally the same while having different interfaces?
: A1. Both systems respect the &quot;simple as possible&quot; principle. Otherwise they differ widely. 

: Central in Oberon is the task loop implemented in procedure [[Oberon/V2/Oberon|Oberon.Loop]]. A procedure installed in the loop without [[w:Background_process|backgrounding]] executes to completion in one pass of the loop. A long-running procedure can appear to the user as a [[w:Queuing_delay|queuing delay]].  During the long-running procedure, the only activity visible to the user will be output which the programmer has deliberately arranged. To avoid queuing delay, the programmer has the responsibility of implementing background execution. Backgrounding is achieved by dividing a large task into smaller portions which are inserted between other tasks in the loop. Therefore two levels of execution priority exist in Oberon: foreground and background.

: Central in A2 is the [[w:Object-oriented_programming|active objects]] system (Aos). Processor time is allocated to active objects by [[w:Preemption_(computing)#Time_slice|time-slicing]]. This avoids queuing delay by limiting the time interval which a processor devotes to an active object. Time-slicing removes the responsibility for backgrounding from the programmer. Refer to [[w:A2_(operating_system)|Wikipedia]] and the [https://www.research-collection.ethz.ch/handle/20.500.11850/147091 thesis of P.J. Muller], section 4.2.3, page 35.

: A2 has many aspects and capabilities not in preceding Oberons. Refer to the [http://lists.inf.ethz.ch/pipermail/oberon/2022/016163.html mailing list] at 2022-01-07.

; Q2. In other familiar systems, command parameters are parsed by procedures applied system wide. Why are the parameters of a command in an Oberon system, including &quot;*&quot; and &quot;^&quot;, parsed by the command rather than by procedures used throughout the system?

: A2. The question was raised in the mailing list at [https://lists.inf.ethz.ch/pipermail/oberon/2026/017167.html 2026-08-09].  Two replies followed with a concluding discussion is in [https://lists.inf.ethz.ch/pipermail/oberon/2026/017172.html message 017172].

; Q3. In ETH Oberon and in the Oberon subsystem of A2 [[Oberon/Glossary#glossaryMouseButtons|MM+MR]] opens a viewer with Edit whereas I prefer ET. How can that be fixed? 
: A3. In ETH Oberon open TextFrames.Mod. [[Oberon/Glossary#glossaryMouseButtons|MM]] on Edit.Open.
 Edit.Open TextFrames.Mod
: In the Oberon sub-system of A2.     
 Edit.Open Oberon.TextFrames.Mod
: Change
 OpenCmd = &quot;Edit.Open&quot;
: to
 OpenCmd = &quot;ET.Open&quot;
: , [[Oberon/Glossary#glossaryMouseButtons|MM]] on Edit.Store, recompile the module (TextFrames.Mod or Oberon.TextFrames.Mod) and reboot. TextFrames and all modules which import it could be reloaded but rebooting is simpler.
&lt;br&gt;
{{Navigation
 | Book     = Wikibooks:Oberon
 | previous = Contributing
 | next     = Support
 }}

{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>j7r6iabe6y3os17su7ncetqgq61b6c5</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Mirad Grammar/Syllabification</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>448082</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4680573</id>
      <parentid>4669711</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T21:22:38Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Tyoyafud</username>
        <id>6233</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4680573</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3372" sha1="3i7l5xmrxsbeumpv2cq4gya4zz47su3" xml:space="preserve">&lt;noinclude&gt;{{status|100%}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;
: Every syllable in Mirad contains one and only one vowel.  A '''y''' when final or followed by a consonant is used to post-y-glide or diphthongize the previous vowel and is therefore considered part of the syllable in which that vowel is the nucleus (see case 2, below).  Similarly, the '''''liquids''''' '''r''' and '''l''', when final or followed by a consonant are considered to be a part of the syllable where the preceding vowel is the nucleus (see case 4, below).  Two vowels in a row form two syllabic nuclei (see cases 3, 6, and 7, below).  How syllables are divided is important for determining where the stress accent goes in a word (see [[Mirad_Grammar/Stress]], below).


{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow;{{Text default color}};font-size:smaller;margin-left:4.8em&quot;
|+ Syllabification
|-
! Example !! Syllabified ('''+''' = syllable boundary)
|-
|  '''ama'''.....''hot'' || '''a+ma'''
|-
| '''ayma'''.....''warm'' || '''ay+ma'''
|-
| '''aymsea'''.....''warming up'' || '''aym+se+a'''
|-
| '''pixwa'''....''caught'' || '''pix+wa'''
|-
| '''upayo'''....''will have come'' || '''u+pa+yo'''
|-
| '''vyaa'''....''true'' || '''vya+a'''
|-
| '''vyaay'''....''truly'' || '''vya+ay'''
|-
| '''tambwa'''....''settled'' || '''tam+bwa'''
|-
| '''faof'''....''plank'' || '''fa+of'''
|-
|  '''twoyba'''....''he-she'' || '''twoy+ba'''
|-
| '''yansauna'''....''common'' || '''yan+sa+u+na'''
|-
| '''gaw-ejaxer'''....''renovate'' || '''gaw+e+ja+xer'''
|-
| '''gawa'''....''another'' || '''ga+wa'''
|}
:
: If a '''y''' glide comes between vowels, a hyphen is used to indicate that the glide belongs to the previous syllable, otherwise there is no need for a hyphen:
:
:* '''zoyeper'''....''to enter through the rear'' (&lt; '''zo'''....''rear'' + '''yeper'''....''to enter'')
:* '''zoy-aber'''....''to put back on'' ( &lt; '''zoy'''....''back'' + '''aber'''....''to put on''
:* '''zoyper'''....''to return'' (&lt; '''zoy'''....''back'' + '''per'''....''to go'') 
:* '''zoy-uzper'''....''to revert'' (&lt; '''zoy'''....''back'' + '''uzber'''....''to turn'')
:* '''zoyuzper'''....''to circle behind'' (&lt; '''zo'''....''rear'' + '''yuzber'''....''to circle'')
:* '''zay-azbuxer'''....''to frogmarch'' ('''zay'''....''forth'' + '''azbuxer'''....''to push forcibly''
:* '''zayazasun'''....''protuberance'' (&lt; '''za'''....''front'' + '''yazasun'''....''swelling''
: A '''y''' between the alphabetics '''a''', '''e''', '''i''', '''o''', and '''u''' or at the beginning of a word an onset or initial glide.  A '''y''' followed by a hyphen or at the end of a word represents a terminal glide.  For example:
:* '''zo&lt;u&gt;y&lt;/u&gt;uzper''' (''to circle behind'') has a syllable-initial glide.
:* '''zo&lt;u&gt;y&lt;/u&gt;-uzper''' (''to turn back'') has a syllable-final glide.
:
: If a '''w''' glide becomes between vowels, there is no need to use a comma to indicate that the '''w''' belongs to the previous vowel because, in practice, there are no known ambiguities with that letter in Mirad. The syllable '''gaw''' meaning ''re-'' in verbs, is always pronounced as if the '''w''' ends the syllable.
:* '''gawa'''....''once again'' (&lt; '''ga'''....''more'' + '''wa'''....stub for '''awa'''....''one'')
:* '''gawaber'''....''reapply'' (&lt; '''gaw'''....''re-'' + '''aber'''....''apply'')

&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Chapter navigation with TOC|Pronunciation|Stress}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>3i7l5xmrxsbeumpv2cq4gya4zz47su3</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Chess Opening Theory/1. d4/1...Nf6/2. c4/2...g6/3. Nc3/3...Bg7/4. e4/4...d6/5. Nf3/5...O-O/6. Be2/6...e5</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>467768</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4680398</id>
      <parentid>4672852</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T13:47:00Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Littlefairy37</username>
        <id>3629963</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* King's Indian Defence: Orthodox Variation, 6...e5 */</comment>
      <origin>4680398</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1890" sha1="tggw156acgbmldxro6x1q1oiddf2ml5" xml:space="preserve">{{Chess Opening Theory/Position|King's Indian Defence: Orthodox Variation|
   |rd|nd|bd|qd|  |rd|kd|  |pd|pd|pd|  |  |pd|bd|pd|  |  |  |pd|  |nd|pd|  |  |  |  |  |pd|  |  |  |  |  |pl|pl|pl|  |  |  |  |  |nl|  |  |nl|  |  |pl|pl|  |  |bl|pl|pl|pl|rl|  |bl|ql|kl|  |  |rl}}
==King's Indian Defence: Orthodox Variation, 6...e5==
This thematic advance 6...e5 from Black attacks the center and gains space. Now White has four options here.
*[[/7. O-O|'''7. O-O''']] is the main move, simply developing and keeping options open. Black’s main response to this is 7...Nc6, luring White to lock the center with 8. d5. After this, we reach the Mar del Plata variation with 8...Ne7, where Black attempts to launch a massive pawn storm starting with ...f7-f5 and checkmate White. White will have to defend precisely here, but will be likely winning if Black runs out of steam.
*[[/7. d5|'''7. d5''']], the Petrosian variation immediately locks the center. This also takes away the c6 square for the b8 knight, meaning Black will have to switch their plan here.
*[[/7. Be3|'''7. Be3''']], the Gilgoric variation simply develops the bishop. However, if Black charges on with a pawn storm like they do in the mainline, White gets an improved version of the Mar del Plata variation where the dark-squared bishop is already developed.
*If you want a more simple game, then [[/7. dxe5|'''7. dxe5''']], the Exchange variation, is the way to do that. White must be wary of taking the e5 pawn too early, but other than that they should not have issues. Of course, this does not put any pressure on Black.

== Theory Table ==
'''1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. Nc3 Bg7 4. e4 d6 5. Nf3 O-O 6. Be2 e5'''
{| border=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot;
!
! align=&quot;left&quot; |7
! align=&quot;left&quot; |8
!9
!10
|-
! align=&quot;right&quot; |
|O-O
Nc6
|d5
Ne7
|Ne1
Nd7
|Be3
f5
| +/=
|-
!
|...
...
|...
Nd4
|Nxd4
exd4
|Qxd4
Nd7
| +/=
|}
{{ChessMid}}</text>
      <sha1>tggw156acgbmldxro6x1q1oiddf2ml5</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Cookbook:Rujak Cingur (Indonesian Cow Snout Salad)</title>
    <ns>102</ns>
    <id>468445</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4680602</id>
      <parentid>4541102</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-07T01:39:59Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Kittycataclysm</username>
        <id>3371989</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>removed [[Category:Tempeh recipes]]; added [[Category:Recipes using tempeh]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]]</comment>
      <origin>4680602</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2251" sha1="096jyh1m7dii2rdskj85f1bqe62fmqd" xml:space="preserve">__NOTOC__
{{Recipe summary
| Category = Indonesian recipes
| Servings = 1
| Image = [[File:Rujak Cingur.jpg|300px]]
}}

{{Recipe}}

'''Rujak cingur''' is a traditional food from Surabaya, Indonesia. This dish is made from ''cingur'' (cow's snout) and vegetables, which are drizzled with peanut sauce or petis sauce.

== Ingredients ==

=== Sauce ===

* 2 [[Cookbook:Tablespoon|tablespoons]] fried [[Cookbook:Peanut|peanuts]]
* 2 cloves of fried [[Cookbook:Garlic|garlic]]
* 3 bird’s eye [[Cookbook:Chiles|chiles]], or to taste
* 1 tablespoon [[Cookbook:Palm Sugar|palm sugar]]
* ½ teaspoon terasi [[Cookbook:Shrimp Paste|shrimp paste]]
* ½ [[Cookbook:Teaspoon|teaspoon]] [[Cookbook:Salt|salt]]
* 2 tablespoons of petis [[Cookbook:Shrimp Paste|shrimp paste]]
* [[Cookbook:Tamarind|Tamarind]] water as needed

=== Assembly ===

* 100 [[Cookbook:Gram|grams]] boiled or fried cow’s snout (cingur)
* 1 bunch of [[Cookbook:Water Spinach|water spinach]] (kangkung), leaves picked and boiled
* 100 grams boiled [[Cookbook:Bean Sprout|bean sprouts]] (taoge)
* 1 [[Cookbook:Cucumber|cucumber]], [[Cookbook:Slicing|sliced]]
* 1 slice of fried [[Cookbook:Tempeh|tempeh]]
* 1 slice of fried [[Cookbook:Tofu|tofu]]
* 1 ''lontong'' rice cake, cut into pieces as desired
* 250 grams ''kerupuk'' crackers

== Procedure ==

# Prepare all the ingredients in advance.
# To make the sauce, grind the fried peanuts, garlic, chiles, palm sugar, terasi, and salt together until smooth.
# Add the petis suace and tamarind water as needed. Mix until well blended.
# Arrange all the ingredients for assembly onto a serving plate, starting with the cingur, then water spinach, bean sprouts, cucumber, tempeh, tofu, and rice cake.
# Drizzle the sauce over the ingredients, and top with the crackers.

[[Category:Javanese recipes]]
[[Category:Indonesian recipes]]
[[Category:Recipes using peanut]]
[[Category:Recipes using garlic]]
[[Category:Recipes using chile]]
[[Category:Recipes using salt]]
[[Category:Recipes using tamarind]]
[[Category:Recipes using beef]]
[[Category:Recipes using bean sprout]]
[[Category:Recipes using cucumber]]
[[Category:Recipes using tempeh]]
[[Category:Recipes using tofu]]
[[Category:Recipes using rice]]
[[Category:Recipes using palm sugar]]</text>
      <sha1>096jyh1m7dii2rdskj85f1bqe62fmqd</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:Recipes for ice cream</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>470633</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4680609</id>
      <parentid>4515376</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-07T01:48:42Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Kittycataclysm</username>
        <id>3371989</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>removed [[Category:Recipes by type]]; added [[Category:Recipes for frozen desserts]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]]</comment>
      <origin>4680609</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="55" sha1="jo060hj3io83vuhkavnx7oeesyhkqhv" xml:space="preserve">{{cooknav}}

[[Category:Recipes for frozen desserts|I]]</text>
      <sha1>jo060hj3io83vuhkavnx7oeesyhkqhv</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:Recipes for marshmallow</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>473283</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4680605</id>
      <parentid>4515378</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-07T01:45:22Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Kittycataclysm</username>
        <id>3371989</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>removed [[Category:Recipes by type]]; added [[Category:Recipes for confections]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]]</comment>
      <origin>4680605</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="51" sha1="rf6ze7p6cmcgkewt8q6pg5gwh7eh03z" xml:space="preserve">{{cooknav}}

[[Category:Recipes for confections|M]]</text>
      <sha1>rf6ze7p6cmcgkewt8q6pg5gwh7eh03z</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:Recipes for focaccia</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>479162</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4680608</id>
      <parentid>4571343</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-07T01:48:14Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Kittycataclysm</username>
        <id>3371989</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>removed [[Category:Recipes by type]]; added [[Category:Recipes for bread]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]]</comment>
      <origin>4680608</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="45" sha1="27ubn6c0fwobch5v1xlqxgqv2f4okle" xml:space="preserve">{{Cooknav}}

[[Category:Recipes for bread|F]]</text>
      <sha1>27ubn6c0fwobch5v1xlqxgqv2f4okle</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:Recipes using gum arabic</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>481637</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4680599</id>
      <parentid>4618580</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-07T01:37:51Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Kittycataclysm</username>
        <id>3371989</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>removed [[Category:Recipes by type]]; added [[Category:Recipes by ingredient]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]]</comment>
      <origin>4680599</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="49" sha1="3kkrkbktc67y3idi5jsvnc7sovficvl" xml:space="preserve">{{cooknav}}

[[Category:Recipes by ingredient|g]]</text>
      <sha1>3kkrkbktc67y3idi5jsvnc7sovficvl</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:Shortening recipes</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>481640</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4680601</id>
      <parentid>4618584</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-07T01:39:27Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Kittycataclysm</username>
        <id>3371989</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>removed [[Category:Recipes by type]]; added [[Category:Recipes by ingredient]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]]</comment>
      <origin>4680601</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="49" sha1="46merl09d5onl2lf4ogsjyexlyr0typ" xml:space="preserve">{{cooknav}}

[[Category:Recipes by ingredient|S]]</text>
      <sha1>46merl09d5onl2lf4ogsjyexlyr0typ</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:Recipes for chili powder</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>481679</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4680600</id>
      <parentid>4618852</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-07T01:39:01Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Kittycataclysm</username>
        <id>3371989</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>removed [[Category:Recipes by type]]; added [[Category:Recipes for spice mixes]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]]</comment>
      <origin>4680600</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="51" sha1="lz53a76qrli5wiykhuapp5tjfgs59xj" xml:space="preserve">{{cooknav}}

[[Category:Recipes for spice mixes|C]]</text>
      <sha1>lz53a76qrli5wiykhuapp5tjfgs59xj</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:Recipes using Monterey Jack</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>481680</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4680606</id>
      <parentid>4618853</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-07T01:46:36Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Kittycataclysm</username>
        <id>3371989</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>removed [[Category:Recipes by type]]; added [[Category:Recipes using cheese]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]]</comment>
      <origin>4680606</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="48" sha1="676uri74kj3epj4aq9ug7f45ljholms" xml:space="preserve">{{cooknav}}

[[Category:Recipes using cheese|M]]</text>
      <sha1>676uri74kj3epj4aq9ug7f45ljholms</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:Recipes using tempeh</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>481681</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4680604</id>
      <parentid>4618854</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-07T01:41:19Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Kittycataclysm</username>
        <id>3371989</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Kittycataclysm moved page [[Category:Tempeh recipes]] to [[Category:Recipes using tempeh]] without leaving a redirect</comment>
      <origin>4618854</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="41" sha1="ma3fiqjuj4sv66padqxh9sp96y6jfyq" xml:space="preserve">{{cooknav}}

[[Category:Recipes by type]]</text>
      <sha1>ma3fiqjuj4sv66padqxh9sp96y6jfyq</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4680607</id>
      <parentid>4680604</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-07T01:47:12Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Kittycataclysm</username>
        <id>3371989</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>removed [[Category:Recipes by type]]; added [[Category:Recipes by ingredient]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]]</comment>
      <origin>4680607</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="49" sha1="9jxo5wufo1hkjc2obxaqnoa0n4puona" xml:space="preserve">{{cooknav}}

[[Category:Recipes by ingredient|T]]</text>
      <sha1>9jxo5wufo1hkjc2obxaqnoa0n4puona</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Hereditary Multiple Exostoses</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>484817</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4680498</id>
      <parentid>4675737</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T17:06:27Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>LoveElectronicLiterature</username>
        <id>3414389</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>added https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1YdUFvXH1Kw</comment>
      <origin>4680498</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="118518" sha1="le9cwwucz85mym0qoj5ddnyuozlr6ao" xml:space="preserve">{{new book}}
[[W: Hereditary Multiple Exostoses|Hereditary Multiple Exostoses]] (HME) is a rare disease. It is also referred to as Multiple Hereditary Exostoses (MHE), Hereditary Multiple Osteochondromas (HMO), and Multiple Osteochondromas (MO). 

== Bone Issues ==
The first sign of HME is usually multiple bone tumors. See the online Multiple Osteochondromas Mutation Database  for an overview of the reported variants.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Jennes |first=Ivy |last2=Pedrini |first2=Elena |last3=Zuntini |first3=Monia |last4=Mordenti |first4=Marina |last5=Balkassmi |first5=Sahila |last6=Asteggiano |first6=Carla G. |last7=Casey |first7=Brett |last8=Bakker |first8=Bert |last9=Sangiorgi |first9=Luca |last10=Wuyts |first10=Wim |date=2009 |title=Multiple osteochondromas: mutation update and description of the multiple osteochondromas mutation database (MOdb) |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/humu.21123 |journal=Human Mutation |language=en |volume=30 |issue=12 |pages=1620–1627 |doi=10.1002/humu.21123 |issn=1098-1004}}&lt;/ref&gt;  In MHE, the lack of HSPG causes patients to develop exostoses, which are benign tumors in multiple locations throughout the body (Brown 2008, Thompson 2011, and Mansouri et al. 2017). The severity (number and size of tumors and other complications) for MHE varies from patient to patient. Exostoses themselves can cause numerous problems including: irritation of tendons and muscles resulting in pain and loss of motion, skeletal deformity, short stature, limb length discrepancy, subluxations, and angular deformity, with a chance for chondrosarcoma (Fei et al. 2018). Problems directly associated with these exostoses include:

* Chronic pain and issues with quality of life (Goud et al. 2012,&lt;ref name=&quot;:9&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Pain, Physical and Social Functioning, and... : Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery |url=https://www.ovid.com/jnls/jbjsjournal/fulltext/10.2106/jbjs.k.00406~pain-physical-and-social-functioning-and-quality-of-life-in |access-date=2026-07-16 |website=Ovid |language=en |doi=10.2106/JBJS.K.00406}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bathen et al. 2019, Tremorsini 2025)
* Inflammation, immune responses (Callaghan et al. 2018, Collins and Troeberg 2019)  
* Bursa formation (Rueda et al. 2025) and resulting bursitis as well as early onset arthritis 
* Breathing and lung issues when on ribs protruding into the thoracic cavity (Mazza et al. 2017)
*  Irritation of a nearby nerve (pain, weakness, numbness, tingling) 
*  Blood vessel aneurysm from exostoses pressing on blood vessels or other vascular problems (Albokhari et al. 2023)
* Spinal cord compression issues: incontinence, nerve damage and nerve problems associated with spinal tumors (Bari et al. 2012, Burki et al. 2011, Zaijun et al. 2013, Montgomery et al. 2019, and Monroig-Rivera et al. 2025)

== List of associated issues ==
'''Heparan Sulfate ProteoGlycan (HSPG) Deficiency Issues.''' MHE results from a mutation in the EXT1 and EXT2 genes.  MHE patients have defective HSPG biosynthesis--their bodies do not produce HSPG ('''cf''' Cueller et al. 2013, Jones et al,. 2014, and Pacifici et al. 2019&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Pacifici |first=Maurizio |date=2018-10 |title=The pathogenic roles of heparan sulfate deficiency in hereditary multiple exostoses |url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6015767/ |journal=Matrix Biology: Journal of the International Society for Matrix Biology |volume=71-72 |pages=28–39 |doi=10.1016/j.matbio.2017.12.011 |issn=1569-1802 |pmc=6015767 |pmid=29277722}}&lt;/ref&gt;).  HSPGs are part of every cell surface and regulate biological processes ( '''cf''' Zak et al. 2002, Meneghetti et al. 2015). HSPGs  play a vital role in cell adhesion, migration, growth, and communication (Bishop et al. 20017, Kempf et al 2017, Vicente et al. 2018). Whitlock and Iozzo (2005) have identified '''various diseases related to HSPG's absence''' (i.e., i'''f a body process requires HSPG and there is not enough HSPG to complete that function, then these issues could occur).  MHErs reported symptoms such as:'''

* Severe and continuing fatigue (Berg et al. 1999, Bathen 2019) 
* Neurological deficiencies: Autism Spectrum Disorder (Fumitoshi et al. 2012,  Irie et al, 2012, Yamaguchi 2012, Perez et al. 2015, Kambouris et al. 2016, Kim et al 2022); cognitive issues (Farhan et al. 2015); tremors (Aldunate et al. 2004). 
* Sleep disorders (Clark 2022, Chen 2023)
* Vertigo and hyperacusis (Lundberg et al., 2014) 
* Low bone mass (Nozawa et al. 2018 and Matsumoto et al. 2020) 
* Severe gastric issues  (Huang et al. 2018, Rueda et al. 2025) , including non ''H. Pylori'' ulcers (Ascencio et al. 1993 and Chmiela et al. 1995), gastric cancer (Weihua et al. 2002) and Cyclic Vomiting Syndrome (Kucukesmen et al. 2007)
* Fronto-temporal dementia (Narvid et al. 2009) and ADHD (Mooney et al. 2016), brain function (Condomitti and Wit 2018). Also see video of MHE mice at &lt;nowiki&gt;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6-EXRt_YL6A&lt;/nowiki&gt;.
* Eyesight/ocular diseases (Park and Shukla, 2013)
* Dental defects (Kucukesmen et al. 2007 and Wiweger et al. 2012)
* Prediabetes  (Heibert 2021)Diabetes and glucose difficulty (Matsuzawa 2021)
* Unusual drug reactions (many drugs act on heparan-binding domain [Boer and Gaillard 2007])
* Kidney stones and other problems (See Van den Born et al. 1993 and Farhan et al. 2015)
* Lung issues (Nackerts et al. 1997 and Haeger et al. 2016)
* Anemia (Poli et al. 2017), blood clots and coagulation (Stringer and Gallagher 1997 and Ho et al. 1997), psuedoaneurysms (Wiater and Farley 1996 and Harari et al. 2024)
* Extremely painful menstruation and pregnancy issues (Alphin et al. 1988, Yin et al. 2018)
* Inflammation (Parish 2005); slow wound healing (Zhongjun et al. 2004); scarring and keloids  (Hosalkar et al. 2007)
* Connective tissue issues (Forsberg and Kjellen, 2001 and Otsuka et al. 2020).
* Liver functions (Arnold et al. 2020 and Dituri et al. 2022)
* Cholesterol and lipid functions (Kolsett and Salmverta 1999)
* Deficient Vitamin D synthesis (Cooper 2021)

== Children's Corner ==

=== Teach your child to live with MHE ===
You just got a diagnosis for your child and you are terrified for their life.  Yeah, MHE sucks. And it is a life-long, untreatable disease. Sure you can have surgery, sure, physical therapy helps. But the underlying condition will be there every day for the rest of your life. So. How can you prepare your child to live successfully with MHE?

* '''Believe their pain.''' MHE can have some strange symptoms. Even the bones can subluxate (go in and out) within seconds, so the kid who could not walk two minutes ago is running now. Believe your child. Do not let the doctors gaslight you or your child into pretending that nothing is wrong.
* '''Let your child master their pain.''' Give your child as much control and autonomy as possible. Provide a &quot;pain corner&quot; with comfy pillows, their favorite toys, quiet activities, warmies or coolies. Let your child go to that pain area whenever they feel the need--when they are tired or in pain. This lets them regulate their own pain and functions. 
* '''Teach your child to brainstorm and plan around problems.''' Pain and limited mobility may limit certain options, but life still goes on. So when your child can not do something, brainstorm with them. Use your imaginations. You can not climb these steps. Ok, how can you get into the room? Can you slide on your butt? Should we get a giraffe from next door to help out? (Throw in silly suggestions because that expands their imagination and puts a bit of humor into the situation.) 

=== Advocate for your child with HME in schools ===
It is vital to advocate for your child so that they can work well in schools. Here are some suggested ways to ask for accommodations for this complex disease. Note that not every child will need all of these accommodations. 

My child has MHE, which involves bony bumps on their bones that can vary in size, location, and number as well as some neurological and other physical symptoms.Accommodations are needed for my child’s symptoms, which include:

*  '''Limited mobility.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Amajjar |first=Ihsane |last2=Vergauwen |first2=Kuni |last3=Willigenburg |first3=Nienke W. |last4=Huijnen |first4=Ivan P. J. |last5=Smeets |first5=Rob J. E. M. |last6=Ham |first6=S. John |date=2025-05-30 |title=Physical activity level and health-related quality of life in adults with multiple osteochondromas: a Dutch cross-sectional study |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-025-02812-3 |journal=Scientific Reports |language=en |volume=15 |issue=1 |pages=18990 |doi=10.1038/s41598-025-02812-3 |issn=2045-2322}}&lt;/ref&gt;''' Allow my child to participate in sports and in activities to the best of their abilities. When starting something new, allow my child to go last and ask my child privately if they can perform that action. If not, quietly allow them to pursue a different prearranged activity. Note that mobility changes daily and sometimes hourly, depending on the bone growth stages, whether muscle has moved over a bone growth,  or other complications.
*  '''Neurological symptoms'''. My child has Asperger-like and ADHD symptoms,&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Irie |first=Fumitoshi |last2=Badie-Mahdavi |first2=Hedieh |last3=Yamaguchi |first3=Yu |date=2012-03-27 |title=Autism-like socio-communicative deficits and stereotypies in mice lacking heparan sulfate |url=https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.1117881109 |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |volume=109 |issue=13 |pages=5052–5056 |doi=10.1073/pnas.1117881109}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Irie |first=Fumitoshi |last2=Badie-Mahdavi |first2=Hedieh |last3=Yamaguchi |first3=Yu |date=2012-03-27 |title=Autism-like socio-communicative deficits and stereotypies in mice lacking heparan sulfate |url=https://pnas.org/doi/full/10.1073/pnas.1117881109 |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |language=en |volume=109 |issue=13 |pages=5052–5056 |doi=10.1073/pnas.1117881109 |issn=0027-8424 |pmc=3323986 |pmid=22411800}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Pérez |first=Christine |last2=Sawmiller |first2=Darrell |last3=Tan |first3=Jun |date=2016-04-18 |title=The role of heparan sulfate deficiency in autistic phenotype: potential involvement of Slit/Robo/srGAPs-mediated dendritic spine formation |url=https://doi.org/10.1186/s13064-016-0066-x |journal=Neural Development |language=en |volume=11 |issue=1 |pages=11 |doi=10.1186/s13064-016-0066-x |issn=1749-8104 |pmc=4836088 |pmid=27089953}}&lt;/ref&gt; so please engage all measures for children on the spectrum as well as ADHD. Bone tumors on the spine can also create neurological issues.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Hereditary-multiple-exostoses-causing-cord-Bari-Alam/4687ea7d1225f1ecf4ecf4742a794f84576dce6d/figure/0 |access-date=2026-07-15 |website=www.semanticscholar.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; Please understand that bright lights or sound may cause pain or other issues. Please report any behavioral issues so that we can determine if MHE may be underlying these problems and we can address the issues with reasonable accommodations and an Individual Education Plan.
*  '''Frequent pain and fatigue&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Mitchell |first=Christina M. |last2=Beals |first2=Janette |last3=Whitesell |first3=Nancy Rumbaugh |last4=Voices of Indian Teens team |last5=Pathways of Choice team |date=2008-09 |title=Alcohol use among American Indian high school youths from adolescence and young adulthood: a latent Markov model |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18781241 |journal=Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs |volume=69 |issue=5 |pages=666–675 |issn=1937-1888 |pmc=2575396 |pmid=18781241}}&lt;/ref&gt;'''. If my child is in pain or is tired, allow them to rest in preplanned area with preplanned quiet activities (reading, watching an educational video, etc.). This area should be equipped with a heating pad and medication should be dispensed as agreed upon by me and the school.  
* '''Writing difficulties'''.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; My child may have extra bones on their wrists or hands, making writing painful. Please allow my child to use a computer.  Typing may be slow and please allow other software such as Dragon Naturally Speaking or Otter AI.
*  '''Coordination difficulties'''. My child may have neurological difficulties and problems coordinating eyesight. Please allow more time for tests if needed. Administer tests that require filling in bubbles in an alternative method.
* '''Incontinence/Vomiting'''. Please allow my child free access to the restroom without requiring a pass for sudden issues. Keep a spare set of clothing at the school in case of accidents.
* '''Hall passes.'''  Give my child access to the nurse and bathroom as they determine that they need to go. My child may have bathroom urgencies or need to get pain medication quickly. My child may also have a limb that has &quot;gone out&quot; or stopped working for a few seconds to a few days and will need to attend to that medical urgency. 

=== Advocation Laws and Directives ===
In U.S. cite Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act.


= How to Respond to Doctors =
There are suggested treatment protocols for MHE (see Rueda et al., 2025). However, MHE is a rare disease, and you will probably be the first patient that a medical practitioner has ever seen with this disease.  Try to be patient with the doctors and get doctors who work with you as a partner--you having lived with MHE do know a lot about your body! Ill-informed or too-busy doctors often rely on research that is outdated or inaccurate. Here are some common misconceptions that a doctor might tell you and how to respond. Before you go to the doctor, write out your questions. Take someone with you to take notes. Advocate for yourself! 

1.'''I have never seen an MHE patient. Surely this is just a bone condition!''' The condition involves much more than bone growths. MHErs do not biosynthesize heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPG), in much the same way that diabetics do not biosynthesize insulin (see Cueller et al. 2013 and Jones et al. 2014). Those HSPGs play a vital role in pretty much every single cell and every system in a human body (Bishop et al. 2017). Therefore, since I do not have sufficient levels of HSPG, I can have many different problems. Let's rule out anything comorbid (in other words, any other disease I might have at the same time). IF we can not find something to explain the cause of my symptoms of {REPEAT YOUR SYMPTOMS HERE} then we can blame the MHE and treat the symptoms.

'''2. You do not feel pain. It is just stress.'''  Bone does not have nerves, therefore there is no pain.  Even if that were true (which it is not--see Nencini and Ivanusic 2016&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Nencini |first=Sara |last2=Ivanusic |first2=Jason J. |date=2016-04-26 |title=The Physiology of Bone Pain. How Much Do We Really Know? |url=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/physiology/articles/10.3389/fphys.2016.00157/full |journal=Frontiers in Physiology |language=English |volume=7 |doi=10.3389/fphys.2016.00157 |issn=1664-042X |pmc=4844598 |pmid=27199772}}&lt;/ref&gt; for example ), then you wouldn't mind putting a stone in your shoe, right? Because the stone would not feel any pain. Oh, you wouldn't like that because it might hurt? Really? Ok. So I have an extra bone (LIKE A STONE) where there should only be muscle, nerve, and ligaments (LIKE A FOOT). For MHE-specific pain studies, see Darilek et al. 2005.

3. '''Your MHE did not cause x symptom.'''  I had one MHE patient (or read a case study) and they did not have x symptom, so therefore you do not have x symptom (or x symptom is unrelated). MHE is a rare and complex disease. Sometimes medical professionals will resort to explanations of hypochondria or Munchausens to explain away something that they do not understand. MHE is different for each patient, as there are different genetic mutations (EXT1, EXT2, EXT3 genes all play a role, as well as your other genetic profiles). There is not enough research to determine whether your symptoms are or are not caused by MHE. It is best to work with a doctor who will look for causes and accept that your MHE is not the same as anyone else's--including your own family members. Also, look at the list below for similar case studies on HME.  

'''4. No one else has had that reaction to that drug. You are lying or mistaken.''' No. HSPG plays a role in nearly every body function and is assumed to be present. My body does not produce HSPG. Therefore my drug interactions may well differ!&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Boer |first=A. G. de |last2=Gaillard |first2=P. J. |date=2007-02-10 |title=Drug Targeting to the Brain |url=https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev.pharmtox.47.120505.105237 |journal=Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology |language=en |volume=47 |issue=Volume 47, 2007 |pages=323–355 |doi=10.1146/annurev.pharmtox.47.120505.105237 |issn=0362-1642}}&lt;/ref&gt;  

5. '''The bones do not grow past puberty. If they have, then it is cancer.''' While studies have assumed this, it is not true. This has not been well researched, because it is difficult to have full xrays and to monitor over a lifetime, which would be required for absolute proof. But while there is a slight chance of chondrosarcoma, other MHE patients have reported bone growth past puberty. See the pictures of the 92- year old woman's skeleton with MHE. Bones grew back over her surgeries at age 70 and 80. If bones do not grow back, how do you explain the growths on her implants?

=== Questions to ask doctors if you are not being taken seriously ===
'''Scripts to Use When You Feel Dismissed'''

'''• This is affecting my daily life. I can not function well with this problem.''' Show pictures. Keep a diary of your pain and what you are not able to do. For example: When the tumor on my rib prevents me from raising my arm, I can not dress myself or brush my hair. When the fatigue is so bad, I can not go to class. When the pain is over a 5 (slamming your hand in a car door) continually, then I can not think well.

'''• Yes, the test results you got were normal, but I have problems.''' However, there are no tests for Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans, which may play a role. Therefore, we need to look deeper. I still have these issues. Explain again that you have MHE and do not biosynthesize HSPG, which plays a role in every cell. Look for common problems--because of course you can still have those! But do not let the doctor gaslight you into thinking it is all in your head. If nothing else, look in Google Scholar with HSPG and your symptom. 

'''• I’m still concerned. Can we talk about next steps?'''  What can we do, and how long should we wait to see if that step works? Ask again about your specific symptom. There may be a medication to try, or physical therapy. Note what you have tried--keep a record!

'''Scripts for When Symptoms Are Minimized'''

'''• This may seem mild to you, but this is really affecting my life.''' Again, be specific. Use the analogy of a rock in your shoe or anything else that makes sense to you.

'''• I'm a zebra. I have a rare complex disease. What can we do?''' Again remind them that MHE is a complex systemic disease and the extra bones are only one symptom of a wider range of problems stemming from not biosynthesizing  HSPG. 

• '''While this may seem mild, I think it is part of an overall pattern. This symptom is persistent and worsening, which is why I’m concerned.''' (Keep a diary. Keep images over time). 

'''Scripts for Redirecting the Conversation'''

'''• I know my body is complex. But here is my main issue now--let's focus on that'''. Before your appointment, write out and send a list of your main symptoms. This is a complex disease and you will not get to everything.

• '''Can we  go back to what I mentioned earlier?''' I know that everything is connected, but I am most concerned about ... so I can live my life. Keep that list. Have someone else in the room taking notes on that list of symptoms. 

'''• Please send me a copy of my medical chart.''' I want to be sure my concern is documented in my chart. Always ask for a copy of your medical records, including doctors' notes.

'''Scripts for Asking for Clarification'''

• “Can you explain why you don’t think further evaluation is needed?” (MHE is a life long condition.)

• “What would be a red flag that should prompt me to follow up?” (Ask about red flags for chondrosarcoma)

• “If this doesn’t improve, what’s the next step?” (Get referrals.)

= See also (MHE sites and resources) =
MHE Learning System&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Home - MHE Learning System |url=https://mhels.org/ |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=mhels.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; a site for MHE patients to learn about the disease and to cope. 

MHE Research Foundation&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Home |url=https://www.mherf.org/ |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=website |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; a site to share MHE research.

YouTube -   [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1YdUFvXH1Kw Voices of MHE: Christine - YouTube]

= Research and medical studies =
Italics after a citation is a sentence directly from that work that summarizes the main points for HME patients and their doctors. Please go to the actual study cited. 

== HME Specific studies ==

=== Summary studies ===
'''Rueda-de-Eusebio, A., Gomez-Pena, S., Moreno-Casado, M.J. et al. Hereditary multiple exostoses: an educational review. Insights Imaging 16, 46 (2025). &lt;nowiki&gt;https://doi.org/10.1186/s13244-025-01899-6&lt;/nowiki&gt;''' ''  This review summarises current knowledge on the clinical presentation, pathogenesis, imaging characteristics, complications, and treatment of HME.''

=== Autism and neurological issues ===
'''Yamaguchi, Yu. Research on rare bone disorder reveals new insights into autism. &lt;nowiki&gt;https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/857331&lt;/nowiki&gt; March 2012,''' ''Sanford-Burnham researchers discover the molecular basis of autistic symptoms in children with a rare bone disorder -- findings that also provide new insights for the general autistic population.Researchers at Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute (Sanford-Burnham) used a mouse model of MHE to investigate cognitive function. They found that mice with a genetic defect that models human MHE show symptoms that meet the three defining characteristics of autism: social impairment, language deficits, and repetitive behavior.''

See associated video presentations:

[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9SmRRG03zxo Yu Yamaguchi, M.D., Ph.D. - Consequences of Genetic Deficiency]

'Heparan Sulfate, Hereditary Multiple Exostoses, and Autism: Insight from a Rare Disease for a Common Disease&quot; at the Third Annual Rare Disease Day Symposium at Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute. The symposium took place at Sanford-Burnham's La Jolla campus on February 24, 2012 and the focus was Glycosylation-Based Disorders: Discovery, Patients, and Progress Toward Treatments.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |last=Sanford Burnham Prebys |title=Yu Yamaguchi, M.D., Ph.D. |date=2012-03-05 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6-EXRt_YL6A |access-date=2026-09-10}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Heparan Sulfate and Human Diseases, March 5, 2012.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Yu Yamaguchi, M.D., Ph.D. |url=https://www.google.com/search?hl=en-US&amp;hl=en&amp;client=mobilesearchapp&amp;sca_esv=16067ccfc9d0a6cf&amp;channel=iss&amp;rlz=1MDAPLA_enUS667US667&amp;v=437.4.973319807&amp;q=yu+yamaguchi+video&amp;docid=8EyS2A5A5MmJHM&amp;ibp=video&amp;shem=epsd1,ivsple,rimspwouoe&amp;shndl=41&amp;shmd=H4sIAAAAAAAA_42Rz24TMRDGVeDUN4DTqAcqoc0mjUC0kSqUNG0DYkubRKjtbeqdjU3W9uIZN9kbD8UD8Cw8Aw-AFwTiABInW_Pnm983s_vt0e7jmwg3aHEVlTYZFPk0z-BSp-fJWos0POr3yanQNkJlT-7cIF-xoBiVK2_7JnUSv_p4nDKj8UV5dK6u3hWzKb-_qm6ro_nJ4banr882L9qLw_CB2nYwtJNC3Rer2Uu3vOXx9eYpHx8Mnn19-E-QDHwFC3SVD2VvEoPTaKGg0iisYU5MGJSG147FSBSCJqSYEwZtGATrdQZ7-zNqMKCDRawrFMpgRiFJCIYWiliLaWqC061n8UycAboSxlEM21EnbVZaoAreAsIcA8HUpLlMkKBS6MRb692v4B6ggGiCpTYhyTgXO9I_26bYwqK1jWcTbVf-__7yJEvAv5vF-zU0NSr6i84-w1uEN76uERTaJjIkzjO6C7FzPnyewXBwMPxhtyOuvEolG2Q4r1vlua3Tqb3rTRJ02dEnbQo86r7K31No05FSSbfvn0u7DH6VDsCw9BtM7peBUGyXz7dfHnza-bzzHdtbemZ3AgAA&amp;shmds=v1_ARwrE22JjgnjP0eJT9xgIFMVGTFJDAswWntiJI2oXY3-HEfR1A&amp;source=sh/x/vid/m1/5&amp;kgs=82929becb69767fb&amp;utm_source=epsd1,ivsple,rimspwouoe,sh/x/vid/m1/5#fpstate=ive&amp;vld=cid:911b02e3,vid:6-EXRt_YL6A,st:0 |access-date=2026-09-10 |website=www.google.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Pain, disability, and fatigue ===
'''Amajjar I, Vergauwen K, Willigenburg NW, Huijnen IPJ, Smeets RJEM, Ham SJ, 2025, Scientific report. Physical activity level and health-related quality of life in adults with multiple osteochondromas: a Dutch cross-sectional study. 2045-2322, 2025 May 30, Vol. 15, Issue 1'''&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; ''Multiple Osteochondromas (MO) can significantly impact physical functioning,..These results underscore the need for targeted interventions focusing on pain management, psychological factors, and lifestyle changes to improve both PAL and HRQOL in MO patients.''

'''Bathen T, Fredwall S, Steen U, 2019. Fatigue and pain in children and adults with multiple osteochondromas in Norway, a cross-sectional study. International journal of orthopaedic and trauma nursing [Int J Orthop Trauma Nurs] 2019 Aug; Vol. 34, pp. 28-35. Date of Electronic Publication: 2019 Feb 10.  ISSN: 18781241''' &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; ''Background: Multiple Osteochondromas (MO) is a rare skeletal disorder frequently needing orthopaedic surgery. High prevalence of pain has been reported, however fatigue has not previously been investigated.'' ''Results: Children with MO reported significantly higher fatigue than healthy children. Adults reported significantly higher fatigue than the general Norwegian population. Six of 11 children and 20 of 21 adults reported pain. Severe fatigue was more prevalent in persons with high age, high pain intensity and many pain locations; however none of these differences were significant.''

'''Darilek, Sandra MS*; Wicklund, Catherine MS†; Novy, Diane PhD‡; Scott, Allison MD§; Gambello, Michael MD, PhD*; Johnston, Dennis PhD¶; Hecht, Jacqueline PhD*. Hereditary Multiple Exostosis and Pain. Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics 25(3):p 369-376, May 2005. | DOI: 10.1097/01.bpo.0000150813.18673.''' ''This study was undertaken to characterize pain in individuals with hereditary multiple exostosis (HME).  Eighty-four percent of participants reported having pain, indicating that pain is a real problem in HME.''

'''Goud, A. L., de Lange, J., Scholtes, V. A. B., Bulstra, S. K., &amp; Ham, S. J. (2012). Pain, Physical and Social Functioning, and Quality of Life in Individuals with Multiple Hereditary Exostoses in the Netherlands. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery-American Volume, 94A(11), 1013-1020. &lt;nowiki&gt;https://doi.org/10.2106/JBJS.K.00406&lt;/nowiki&gt;.'''&lt;ref name=&quot;:9&quot; /&gt; ''Our study confirms that multiple hereditary exostoses is a chronic disease causing a profound impact on quality of life. The results suggest that pain is not the only problem associated with multiple hereditary exostoses, as it has an extensive influence on daily activities, as well as on social and psychological well-being, causing significant disability.''

'''Tremosini, M., Morri, M., Forni, C., Pedrini, E., Mordenti, M., Gnoli, M., Di Cecco, A., Moroni, A., &amp; Sangiorgi, L. (2025). Pain in patients with multiple inherited osteochondromas: Incidence and potential prognostic factors. Journal of Bone Oncology, 52, 100672.''' ''Purpose: the purpose of this study was to describe the baseline characteristics, presenting phenotype and treatment interventions for patients diagnosed with multiple osteochondromas who presented with severe pain'' ''symptoms. .Conclusion: from the early stages of multiple osteochondromas diagnosis, pain symptoms must be carefully assessed. An increase in age is associated with a worsening of pain; IOR classification of the multiple osteo-chondromas phenotype does not currently allow an association between the various classes and pain. A re-evaluation of the classification in this light could be an important new element for clinical practice.''

=== Bone growth complications ===
'''Burki, Vincent, Alexander So, Bérengère Aubry-Rozier, 2011. Cervical myelopathy in hereditary multiple exostoses, Joint Bone Spine, Volume 78, Issue 4, &lt;nowiki&gt;https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbspin.2011.02.021&lt;/nowiki&gt;'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Burki |first=Vincent |last2=So |first2=Alexander |last3=Aubry-Rozier |first3=Bérengère |date=2011-07 |title=Cervical myelopathy in hereditary multiple exostoses |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1297319X11000558 |journal=Joint Bone Spine |language=en |volume=78 |issue=4 |pages=412–414 |doi=10.1016/j.jbspin.2011.02.021}}&lt;/ref&gt;'''.''' ''Spinal cord compression due to cervical exostoses is a rare but recognized complication of hereditary multiple exostosis (HME), an autosomal dominant disorder. This disease, also called multiple osteochondromatosis, is characterised by osteocartilaginous exostoses, typically involving the juxtaepiphyseal regions of long bones. Complications such as transformation to sarcoma (1 to 5%) or neurological compression (of the spinal cord, 1 to 9%) can arise during the course of the disease.''

'''Bukowska-Olech Ewelina, Trzebiatowska Wiktoria, Czech Wiktor, Drzymała Olga, Frąk Piotr, Klarowski Franciszek, Kłusek Piotr, Szwajkowska Anna, Jamsheer Aleksander, Hereditary Multiple Exostoses—A Review of the Molecular Background, Diagnostics, and Potential Therapeutic Strategies. &lt;nowiki&gt;https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fgene.2021.759129&lt;/nowiki&gt; '''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Bukowska-Olech |first=Ewelina |last2=Trzebiatowska |first2=Wiktoria |last3=Czech |first3=Wiktor |last4=Drzymała |first4=Olga |last5=Frąk |first5=Piotr |last6=Klarowski |first6=Franciszek |last7=Kłusek |first7=Piotr |last8=Szwajkowska |first8=Anna |last9=Jamsheer |first9=Aleksander |date=2021-12-10 |title=Hereditary Multiple Exostoses—A Review of the Molecular Background, Diagnostics, and Potential Therapeutic Strategies |url=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/genetics/articles/10.3389/fgene.2021.759129/full |journal=Frontiers in Genetics |language=English |volume=12 |doi=10.3389/fgene.2021.759129 |issn=1664-8021 |pmc=8704583 |pmid=34956317}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''' '''''Hereditary multiple exostoses (HMEs) syndrome, also known as multiple osteochondromas, represents a rare and severe human skeletal disorder. The disease may severely affect the quality of patients’ life due to motion impairments, skeletal deformations, chronic pain, or growth retardation and possibility of malignant transformation of exostoses.''

'''Matsumoto, K., Ogawa, H., Nozawa, S. et al. An analysis of osteoporosis in patients with hereditary multiple exostoses. Osteoporos Int 31, 2355–2361 (2020). &lt;nowiki&gt;https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-020-05533-7&lt;/nowiki&gt;'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Matsumoto |first=K. |last2=Ogawa |first2=H. |last3=Nozawa |first3=S. |last4=Akiyama |first4=H. |date=2020-12-01 |title=An analysis of osteoporosis in patients with hereditary multiple exostoses |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-020-05533-7 |journal=Osteoporosis International |language=en |volume=31 |issue=12 |pages=2355–2361 |doi=10.1007/s00198-020-05533-7 |issn=1433-2965}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''We analyzed osteoporosis in 20 HME patients. Our results indicate HME patients have low bone mass. They do not have abnormal bone metabolism.''

'''Phan, A. Q., Pacifici, M., &amp; Esko, J. D. (2017). Advances in the pathogenesis and possible treatments for multiple hereditary exostoses from the 2016 international MHE conference. Connective Tissue Research, 59(1), 85–98. &lt;nowiki&gt;https://doi.org/10.1080/03008207.2017.1394295&lt;/nowiki&gt;.'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/action/cookieAbsent |access-date=2026-07-16 |website=www.tandfonline.com |doi=10.1080/03008207.2017.1394295 |pmc=7604901 |pmid=29099240}}&lt;/ref&gt;''  MHE, also known as hereditary multiple exostoses (HME) or multiple osteochondromas (MO), is characterized by cartilage-capped outgrowths called osteochondromas that develop adjacent to the growth plates of skeletal elements in young patients. These benign tumors can affect growth plate function, leading to skeletal growth retardation, or deformations, and can encroach on nerves, tendons, muscles, and other surrounding tissues and cause motion impairment, chronic pain, and early onset osteoarthritis. In about 2–5% of patients, the osteochondromas can become malignant and life threatening.''

'''Stiever, JR., and J.P. Dormans (2005). Manifestations of hereditary multiple exostoses. Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, 13: 110-120'''''.'' '''&lt;nowiki&gt;https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15850368/&lt;/nowiki&gt;''' ''Hereditary multiple exostosis is an autosomal dominant disorder manifested by the presence of multiple osteochondromas. Linkage analysis has implicated mutations in the EXT gene family, resulting in an error in the regulation of normal chondrocyte proliferation and maturation that leads to abnormal bone growth. Although exostoses are benign lesions, they are often associated with characteristic progressive skeletal deformities and may cause clinical symptoms. Patients with hereditary multiple exostosis have a slight risk of sarcomatous transformation of the cartilaginous portion of the exostosis.''

=== '''Screening and treatment''' ===
'''Fei, Li,  Clara Ngoh, Daniel E. Porter, Chondrosarcoma transformation in hereditary multiple exostoses: A systematic review and clinical and cost-effectiveness of a proposed screening model, Journal of Bone Oncology, Volume 13, 2018, Pages 114-122, ISSN 2212-1374, &lt;nowiki&gt;https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbo.2018.09.011&lt;/nowiki&gt;.'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Fei |first=Li |last2=Ngoh |first2=Clara |last3=Porter |first3=Daniel E. |date=2018-11-01 |title=Chondrosarcoma transformation in hereditary multiple exostoses: A systematic review and clinical and cost-effectiveness of a proposed screening model |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2212137418300903 |journal=Journal of Bone Oncology |volume=13 |pages=114–122 |doi=10.1016/j.jbo.2018.09.011 |issn=2212-1374 |pmc=6303411 |pmid=30591865}}&lt;/ref&gt;''  The most serious complication of hereditary multiple exostoses (HME) is chondrosarcoma transformation. Three HME screening strategies were then developed and compared using cost per life-year gained and incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER).''

'''Hosalkar, Harish MD, MBMS (Ortho), FCPS (Ortho), DNB (Ortho)*; Greenberg, Jared MD†; Gaugler, Rebecca L. BS‡; Garg, Sumeet MD§; Dormans, John P. MD∥, 2007. Abnormal Scarring With Keloid Formation After Osteochondroma Excision in Children With Multiple Hereditary Exostoses Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics: May 2007 - Volume 27 - Issue 3 - p 333-337 doi: 10.1097/BPO.0b013e3180326732'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Hosalkar |first=Harish |last2=Greenberg |first2=Jared |last3=Gaugler |first3=Rebecca L. |last4=Garg |first4=Sumeet |last5=Dormans |first5=John P. |date=2007-05 |title=Abnormal Scarring With Keloid Formation After Osteochondroma Excision in Children With Multiple Hereditary Exostoses |url=https://journals.lww.com/01241398-200704000-00017 |journal=Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics |language=en |volume=27 |issue=3 |pages=333–337 |doi=10.1097/BPO.0b013e3180326732 |issn=0271-6798}}&lt;/ref&gt;  ''Although this study has limited numbers, the results demonstrate a statistically significant correlation between keloid formation and MHE. The risk for abnormal scarring and keloid formation should be discussed with all patients before surgery.''

'''Monroig-Rivera, Carlos MD1; Bockhorn, Lauren MD1,2; Thornberg, David BS1; Santillan, Brenda BS1,2; Rathjen, Karl E. MD1,2,a. Prevalence of Osteochondromas in the Spine in Patients with Multiple Hereditary Exostoses. JBJS Open Access 10(1):e24.00072, January-March 2025. | DOI: 10.2106/JBJS.OA.24.00072.''' &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Monroig-Rivera |first=Carlos |last2=Bockhorn |first2=Lauren |last3=Thornberg |first3=David |last4=Santillan |first4=Brenda |last5=Rathjen |first5=Karl E. |date=2025-01 |title=Prevalence of Osteochondromas in the Spine in Patients with Multiple Hereditary Exostoses |url=https://journals.lww.com/10.2106/JBJS.OA.24.00072 |journal=JBJS Open Access |language=en |volume=10 |issue=1 |doi=10.2106/JBJS.OA.24.00072 |issn=2472-7245}}&lt;/ref&gt;''Although nearly half of the patients had spinal osteochondromas, neural impingement was rare (4%). Neither age, gender, nor the presence of rib and pelvic osteochondromas were associated with spinal involvement, osteochondromas in the canal, or neural impingement. This information can be used to guide clinical decision-making regarding the use of MRI scans for patient screening'''''.'''

'''Troxel, J., Fleury, I. G., &amp; Buckwalter V, J. A. (2025). Revisiting Sex Differences in Multiple Hereditary Exostoses (MHE): A Comprehensive Retrospective Analysis of Patient Characteristics and Surgical Patterns. ''Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics'', ''46''(3), 180–185.''' ''We examined 103 MHE-diagnosed patients treated at the University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics from June 2008 to March 2023.'' ''Our findings deviate from the commonly accepted male predominance in MHE, revealing an even male-female distribution.''

'''Van der Woude HJ, Flipsen M, Welsink C, Van der Zwan AL, Ham SJ, 2025. Is total-body MRI useful as a screening tool to rule out malignant progression in patients with multiple osteochondromas? Results in a single-center cohort of 319 adult patients. By''''':''  '''Skeletal radiology, 1432-2161, 2024 Jan, Vol. 53, Issue 1.'''''To evaluate the results of total-body (TB) MRI used as a screening tool for assessment or exclusion of malignant transformation in patients with hereditary multiple osteochondromas (HMO). Conclusion: TB-MRI can identify malignant transformation of osteochondromas in HMO patients. All peripheral chondrosarcomas occurred in flat bones (ribs, scapula, pelvis) in our study. TB-MRI might assist in triage between higher risk patients with a high burden of OC, including the location of OC in main flat bones vs lower risk patients without OC of the flat bones.''

'''Teeth'''

'''Wiweger, Malgorzata I. Wiweger, Zhe Zhao, Richard J. P. van Merkesteyn, Henry H. Roehl, and Pancras C. W. Hogendoorn, 2012. HSPG-Deficient Zebrafish Uncovers Dental Aspect of Multiple Osteochondromas. PLOS 1. &lt;nowiki&gt;https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0029734&lt;/nowiki&gt;'''''.'' ''Here we analyse dental defects present in ext2−/− fish. Histological analysis reveals that ext2−/− fish have very severe defects associated with the formation and the morphology of teeth. Our findings from zebrafish model were validated in a dental survey that was conducted with assistance of the MHE Research Foundation. The presence of the malformed and/or displaced teeth with abnormal enamel was declared by half of the respondents indicating that MO might indeed be also associated with dental problems.''

== Genetic studies (EXT genes) ==
As HME is associated with genetic issues on the EXT genes, here is a list of genetic studies:

'''Benoist-Lasselina, Catherine Emmanuel de Margerieb, Linda Gibbsa, Sarah Cormierc, Caroline Silvec, Gisèle Nicolasd, Martine LeMerrera, Jean-Francois Mallete, Arno­­­­ld Munnicha, Jacky Bonaventurea, Louise Zylberbergb, Laurence Legeai-Malleta,  2006.  ''Defective chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation in osteochondromas of MHE patients''. Bone, Volume 39, Issue 1, July 2006, Pages 17–26'''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Benoist-Lasselin |first=Catherine |last2=de Margerie |first2=Emmanuel |last3=Gibbs |first3=Linda |last4=Cormier |first4=Sarah |last5=Silve |first5=Caroline |last6=Nicolas |first6=Gisèle |last7=LeMerrer |first7=Martine |last8=Mallet |first8=Jean-Francois |last9=Munnich |first9=Arnold |last10=Bonaventure |first10=Jacky |last11=Zylberberg |first11=Louise |last12=Legeai-Mallet |first12=Laurence |date=2006-07 |title=Defective chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation in osteochondromas of MHE patients |url=http://www.thebonejournal.com/article/S8756-3282(05)00540-5/fulltext |journal=Bone |volume=39 |issue=1 |pages=17–26 |doi=10.1016/j.bone.2005.12.003 |issn=8756-3282}}&lt;/ref&gt; . ''Multiple hereditary exostoses (MHE) is an autosomal dominant skeletal disorder caused by mutations in one of the two EXT genes and characterized by multiple osteochondromas that generally arise near the ends of growing long bones.''

'''Busse-Wicher, Marta; Wicher, Krzysztof B.; Kusche-Gullberg, Marion (2014). &quot;The extostosin family: Proteins with many functions&quot;. Matrix Biology. Elsevier BV. 35: 25–33. doi:10.1016/j.matbio.2013.10.001. hdl:1956/10590. ISSN 0945-053X.''' ''Mutations in either EXT1 or EXT2 cause hereditary multiple osteochondromas (HMO), an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by bone deformities and cartilage-capped bony outgrowths, called exostoses or osteochondromas, at the ends of the long bones (reviewed in (Jennes et al., 2009)). HMO is one of the most common inherited skeletal disorders with an estimated incidence of 1–2 per 100 000 live births.''

'''Cuellar, A., Reddi, A.H. Cell biology of osteochondromas: Bone morphogenic protein signalling and heparan sulphates. International Orthopaedics (SICOT) 37, 1591–1596 (2013). &lt;nowiki&gt;https://doi.org/10.1007/s00264-013-1906-5&lt;/nowiki&gt;.'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Cuellar |first=Araceli |last2=Reddi |first2=A. Hari |date=2013-08-01 |title=Cell biology of osteochondromas: Bone morphogenic protein signalling and heparan sulphates |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s00264-013-1906-5 |journal=International Orthopaedics |language=en |volume=37 |issue=8 |pages=1591–1596 |doi=10.1007/s00264-013-1906-5 |issn=1432-5195 |pmc=3728397 |pmid=23771188}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''While factors for severity remain unknown, mutations in exostosin 1 and exostosin 2 genes, encoding glycosyltransferases involved in the biosynthesis of ubiquitously expressed heparan sulphate (HS) chains, are associated with MHE.''

'''Nozawa S, Inubushi T, Irie F, et al. Osteoblastic heparan sulfate regulates osteoprotegerin function and bone mass. JCI Insight. 2018;3(3):e89624. Published 2018 Feb 8. doi:10.1172/jci.insight.89624.'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Nozawa |first=Satoshi |last2=Inubushi |first2=Toshihiro |last3=Irie |first3=Fumitoshi |last4=Takigami |first4=Iori |last5=Matsumoto |first5=Kazu |last6=Shimizu |first6=Katsuji |last7=Akiyama |first7=Haruhiko |last8=Yamaguchi |first8=Yu |date=2018-02-08 |title=Osteoblastic heparan sulfate regulates osteoprotegerin function and bone mass |url=https://insight.jci.org/articles/view/89624 |journal=JCI Insight |language=en |volume=3 |issue=3 |doi=10.1172/jci.insight.89624 |issn=2379-3708 |pmc=5821205 |pmid=29415886}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''To determine the role of HS in bone homeostasis, we conditionally ablated Ext1, which encodes an essential glycosyltransferase for HS biosynthesis, in osteoblasts. Resultant conditional mutant mice developed severe osteopenia. Surprisingly, this phenotype is not due to impairment in bone formation but to enhancement of bone resorption. We also show that bone mineral density is reduced in patients with multiple hereditary exostoses, a genetic bone disorder caused by heterozygous mutations of Ext1, suggesting that the mechanism revealed in this study may be relevant to low bone mass conditions in humans.''

'''Pacifici M. The pathogenic roles of heparan sulfate deficiency in hereditary multiple exostoses. Matrix Biol. 2018 Oct;71-72:28-39. doi: 10.1016/j.matbio.2017.12.011. Epub 2017 Dec 24. PMID: 29277722; PMCID: PMC6015767'''''.''&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt; ''Heparan sulfate (HS) is an essential component of cell surface and matrix proteoglycans (HS-PGs) that include syndecans and perlecan. Because of their unique structural features, the HS chains are able to specifically interact with signaling proteins–including bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs)-via their HS-binding domain, regulating protein availability, distribution and action on target cells. Hereditary Multiple Exostoses (HME) is a rare pediatric disorder linked to germline heterozygous loss-of-function mutations in EXT1 or EXT2 that encode Golgi-resident glycosyltransferases responsible for HS synthesis, resulting in a systemic HS deficiency. HME is characterized by cartilaginous/bony tumors-called osteochondromas or exostoses- that form within perichondrium in long bones, ribs and other elements. This review examines most recent studies in HME, framing them in the context of classic studies. New findings show that the spectrum of EXT mutations is larger than previously realized and the clinical complications of HME extend beyond the skeleton.''

'''Sefcik R, Earl D. Hereditary Multiple Osteochondromas. 2000 Aug 3 [Updated 2026 Jan 29]. In: Adam MP, Bick S, Mirzaa GM, et al., editors. GeneReviews® [Internet]. Seattle (WA): University of Washington, Seattle; 1993-2026. Available from: &lt;nowiki&gt;https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1235&lt;/nowiki&gt;.''' ''Each child of an individual with HMO has a 50% chance of inheriting an HMO-causing pathogenic variant.''

'''Zak, B.M., B.E. Crawford, and J.D. Esko, 2002. Hereditary multiple exostoses and heparan sulfate polymerization Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) Volume 1573, Issue 3, 19 December 2002, Pages 346–355 &lt;nowiki&gt;http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304416502004026&lt;/nowiki&gt;''' ''Hereditary multiple exostoses (HME, OMIM 133700, 133701) results from mutations in EXT1 and EXT2, genes encoding the copolymerase responsible for heparan sulfate (HS) biosynthesis. Here, we provide an overview of HME, the EXT family of proteins, and possible models for the relationship of altered HS biosynthesis to the ectopic bone growth characteristic of the disease.''

== HSPG-Related studies ==
While HME is a rare disease and rarely studied, the connection between HME and HSPG is noted. Therefore, this list of research articles covers HME, HSPG, and the genetic issues associated with the EXT1, EXT2, and EXT3 genes.

'''Aldunate, Rebecca, Juan Carlos Casar, Enrique Brandan, Nibaldo C. Inestrosa, 2004. Structural and functional organization of synaptic acetylcholinesterase, Brain Research Reviews, Volume 47, Issues 1–3,''' &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Aldunate |first=Rebeca |last2=Casar |first2=Juan Carlos |last3=Brandan |first3=Enrique |last4=Inestrosa |first4=Nibaldo C. |date=2004-12 |title=Structural and functional organization of synaptic acetylcholinesterase |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0165017304001092 |journal=Brain Research Reviews |language=en |volume=47 |issue=1-3 |pages=96–104 |doi=10.1016/j.brainresrev.2004.07.019}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''&quot;The presence of two heparin-binding domains in ColQ that interact with heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) at the synaptic basal lamina; and second, a knockout mouse for perlecan, a HSPG concentrated in nerve–muscle contact, in which absence of asymmetric AChE at the NMJ is observed.&quot;''

'''Aplin, J.D., Charlton, A.K. &amp; Ayad, S.  1988. An immunohistochemical study of human endometrial extracellular matrix during the menstrual cycle and first trimester of pregnancy. Cell Tissue Res. 253: 231. &lt;nowiki&gt;https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00221758&lt;/nowiki&gt;.''' &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Aplin |first=J. D. |last2=Charlton |first2=A. K. |last3=Ayad |first3=S. |date=1988-07-01 |title=An immunohistochemical study of human endometrial extracellular matrix during the menstrual cycle and first trimester of pregnancy |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00221758 |journal=Cell and Tissue Research |language=en |volume=253 |issue=1 |pages=231–240 |doi=10.1007/BF00221758 |issn=1432-0878}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Changes in the organisation and composition of extracellular matrix in human endometrium during the menstrual cycle and early pregnancy have been assessed by immunofluorescence.'' 

'''Arnold, K. Y-E. Liao, and J. Liu, 2020. ''Potential Use of Anti-Inflammatory Synthetic Heparan Sulfate to Attenuate Liver Damage. Biomedicines 2020, 8(11), 503;''''' &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Arnold |first=Katelyn |last2=Liao |first2=Yi-En |last3=Liu |first3=Jian |date=2020-11-16 |title=Potential Use of Anti-Inflammatory Synthetic Heparan Sulfate to Attenuate Liver Damage |url=https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/8/11/503 |journal=Biomedicines |language=en |volume=8 |issue=11 |pages=503 |doi=10.3390/biomedicines8110503 |issn=2227-9059}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Heparan sulfate (HS) is an essential glycan for liver function.''

'''Ascencio, F. L. Å. Fransson and T. WadstrÖum, 1993. ''Affinity of the gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori for the N-sulphated glycosaminoglycan heparan sulphate'' J Med Microbiol April 1993 vol. 38 no. 4 240-244''' &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=F |first=Ascencio |last2=A |first2=Fransson, L. |last3=T |first3=Wadstrom |date=1993-04-01 |title=Affinity of the gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori for the N-sulphated glycosaminogly… |url=https://www.sgmjournals.org/jmm/content/38/4/240 |access-date=2026-07-15 |website=SGM Journals |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;'''.''' ''Binding of 125I-heparan sulphate was a common property of Helicobacter pylori strains isolated from patients with gastroduodenal ulcer diseases.''

'''Berg et al., 1999. Chronic fatigue syndrome and/or Fibromyalgia as a variation of Antiphospholipid antibody syndrome: an explanatory model and approach to laboratory  diagnosis'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Berg |first=D. |last2=Berg |first2=L. H. |last3=Couvaras |first3=J. |last4=Harrison |first4=H. |date=1999-10 |title=Chronic fatigue syndrome and/or fibromyalgia as a variation of antiphospholipid antibody syndrome: an explanatory model and approach to laboratory diagnosis |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10695770 |journal=Blood Coagulation &amp; Fibrinolysis: An International Journal in Haemostasis and Thrombosis |volume=10 |issue=7 |pages=435–438 |doi=10.1097/00001721-199910000-00006 |issn=0957-5235 |pmid=10695770}}&lt;/ref&gt; Not in this paper, but the logic is that low levels of HSPG are found in patients with chronic fatigue, and there is probably a correlation with MHE fatigue and low levels of HSPG.

'''Bishop, J., Schuksz, M. &amp; Esko, J. Heparan sulphate proteoglycans fine-tune mammalian physiology. Nature 446, 1030–1037 (2007). &lt;nowiki&gt;https://doi.org/10.1038/nature05817&lt;/nowiki&gt;'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Bishop |first=Joseph R. |last2=Schuksz |first2=Manuela |last3=Esko |first3=Jeffrey D. |date=2007-04 |title=Heparan sulphate proteoglycans fine-tune mammalian physiology |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/nature05817 |journal=Nature |language=en |volume=446 |issue=7139 |pages=1030–1037 |doi=10.1038/nature05817 |issn=1476-4687}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Heparan sulphate proteoglycans reside on the plasma membrane of all animal cells studied so far and are a major component of extracellular matrices. . A recurrent theme is the electrostatic interaction of the heparan sulphate chains with protein ligands, which affects metabolism, transport, information transfer, support and regulation in all organ systems.'' 

'''Boer and Gaillard, 2007. Drug Targeting to the Brain. Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology. Volume 47, 2007. Pp 323-355'''&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;'''.'''''… For many diseases of the brain, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, stroke, depression, schizophrenia, epilepsia and migraine headache, the drugs on the market … enter the cell following binding to heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG) receptors …''

'''Brown, Anissa Joy. Function of heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) and heparanase (HPSE) in endochondral bone formation University of Delaware, ProQuest Dissertations Publishing, 2008. 3324491.'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Function of heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) and heparanase (HPSE) in endochondral bone formation. by Brown, Anissa Joy (9781243986054) {{!}} Browns Books |url=https://www.brownsbfs.co.uk/Product/Brown-Anissa-Joy/Function-of-heparan-sulfate-proteoglycans-HSPGs-and-hepar/9781243986054 |access-date=2026-07-15 |website=www.brownsbfs.co.uk}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Endochondral bone formation is a tightly regulated process involving coordination among cell-cell, cell-matrix and growth factor signaling that eventually results in the production of mineralized bone from a cartilage template. Chondrogenic and osteogenic differentiation occur in sequence during this process, and the temporospatial patterning clearly requires the activities of heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs), heparin binding growth factors (HBGFs) and their receptors.''

'''O'Callaghan P, Zhang X, Li JP. 2018. Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans as Relays of Neuroinflammation. J Histochem Cytochem. 2018 Apr;66(4):305-319. doi: 10.1369/0022155417742147. Epub 2018 Jan 1. PMID: 29290138; PMCID: PMC5958378'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=O'Callaghan |first=Paul |last2=Zhang |first2=Xiao |last3=Li |first3=Jin-Ping |date=2018-04 |title=Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans as Relays of Neuroinflammation |url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5958378/ |journal=The Journal of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry: Official Journal of the Histochemistry Society |volume=66 |issue=4 |pages=305–319 |doi=10.1369/0022155417742147 |issn=1551-5044 |pmc=5958378 |pmid=29290138}}&lt;/ref&gt;'''.''' ''.'' ''We summarize some of the contrasting roles that HS and heparanase have been assigned in diseases associated with chronic inflammatory states, including Alzheimer's disease (AD).''

'''Chen, Ming and Xiao, Xiao and Rui, Yimin and Jin, Yu,''' '''2023. Relationship of Sleep Disorder with Neurodegenerative and Psychiatric Diseases: An Updated Review. Available at SSRN:''' &lt;nowiki&gt;https://ssrn.com/abstract=4484640&lt;/nowiki&gt; or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4484640. &quot;''Another key factor in the circadian timing of Aβ42 phagocytosis is the presence of cell-surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs), which highlights a potential causative factor for increased Aβ42 accumulation in patients with clock/sleep disorders due to the apparent circadian rhythmicity of HSPGs levels and the inhibitory role of HSPGs in the phagocytosis of Aβ42(Clark et al., 2022).&quot;''

'''Chmiela, M. et al. 1995. The role of heparan sulphate-binding activity of Helicobacter pylori bacteria in their adhesion to murine macrophages. &lt;nowiki&gt;http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1699-0463.1995.tb01133.x/full&lt;/nowiki&gt;'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Chmiela |first=M. |last2=Paziak-Domanska |first2=B. |last3=Rudnicka |first3=W. |last4=WadstrÖM |first4=T. |date=1995 |title=The role of heparan sulphate-binding activity of Helicobacter pylori bacteria in their adhesion to murine macrophages |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1699-0463.1995.tb01133.x |journal=APMIS |language=en |volume=103 |issue=1-6 |pages=469–474 |doi=10.1111/j.1699-0463.1995.tb01133.x |issn=1600-0463}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''The role of heparan sulphate (HS)-binding activity of Helicobacter pylori microbes in their adhesion to and ingestion by inflammatory peritoneal macrophages.''

'''Clark, GT, Yu Y, Urban C et al. 2023. Circadian control of heparan sulfate levels times phagocytosis of amyloid beta aggregates. February 10, 202. PLOS Genetics. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1009994&lt;nowiki/&gt;.'''  ''PGs like heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) and chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) are involved in the clearance of Aβ42, associate with Aβ42 to foster the formation of plaques, and reduce Aβ plaque load upon the knockout of a key enzyme in the HSPG biosynthesis pathway... our findings suggest the disruption of the circadian timing of macrophage/microglia phagocytosis may be a vital component in Aβ42 metabolism, highlighting a potential causative factor in the increase in accumulation of Aβ42 in patients with clock/sleep disturbances [8,13,20,22,25,94,97].'' 

'''Collins LE, Troeberg L. 2019. Heparan sulfate as a regulator of inflammation and immunity. J Leukoc Biol. 2019 Jan;105(1):81-92. doi: 10.1002/JLB.3RU0618-246R. Epub 2018 Oct 30. PMID: 30376187.'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Collins |first=Laura E |last2=Troeberg |first2=Linda |date=2018-12-27 |title=Heparan sulfate as a regulator of inflammation and immunity |url=https://academic.oup.com/jleukbio/article/105/1/81/6935486 |journal=Journal of Leukocyte Biology |language=en |volume=105 |issue=1 |pages=81–92 |doi=10.1002/JLB.3RU0618-246R |issn=1938-3673}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''In this review, we discuss the multiple roles for HS in regulating immune responses, and the evidence for inflammation-associated changes to HS structure.Keywords: chemokines; cytokines; heparan sulfate; inflammation; leukocyte.''

'''Condomitti, G., &amp; de Wit, J. (2018). Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans as Emerging Players in Synaptic Specificity. Frontiers in molecular neuroscience, 11, 14. &lt;nowiki&gt;https://doi.org/10.3389/fnmol.2018.00014&lt;/nowiki&gt;'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Condomitti |first=Giuseppe |last2=de Wit |first2=Joris |date=2018-01-26 |title=Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans as Emerging Players in Synaptic Specificity |url=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/molecular-neuroscience/articles/10.3389/fnmol.2018.00014/full |journal=Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience |language=English |volume=11 |doi=10.3389/fnmol.2018.00014 |issn=1662-5099 |pmc=5790772 |pmid=29434536}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''The heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG) family of cell-surface proteins is emerging as a key regulator of connectivity. HSPGs are expressed throughout brain development and play important roles in axon guidance, synapse development and synapse function.''

'''Cooper, Isabella D.; Brookler, Kenneth H.; Crofts, Catherine A. P. (2021-09-06). &quot;Rethinking  Fragility Fractures in Type 2 Diabetes: The Link between Hyperinsulinaemia and Osteofragilitas&quot; Biomedicines 9, no. 9: 1165.'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Cooper |first=Isabella D. |last2=Brookler |first2=Kenneth H. |last3=Crofts |first3=Catherine A. P. |date=2021-09-06 |title=Rethinking Fragility Fractures in Type 2 Diabetes: The Link between Hyperinsulinaemia and Osteofragilitas |url=https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/9/9/1165 |journal=Biomedicines |language=en |volume=9 |issue=9 |pages=1165 |doi=10.3390/biomedicines9091165 |issn=2227-9059}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''&lt;nowiki&gt;https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines9091165&lt;/nowiki&gt;  Hyperinsulinaemia negatively impacts HSPG function and availability, via impairment of vitamin D regulation. Vitamin D regulates sulfate synthesis, required for heparan sulphate ['''145'''].''

'''Dituri F, Gigante G, Scialpi R, Mancarella S, Fabregat I, Giannelli G. Proteoglycans in Cancer: Friends or Enemies? A Special Focus on Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancers. 2022; 14(8):1902. &lt;nowiki&gt;https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers14081902&lt;/nowiki&gt;'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Dituri |first=Francesco |last2=Gigante |first2=Gianluigi |last3=Scialpi |first3=Rosanna |last4=Mancarella |first4=Serena |last5=Fabregat |first5=Isabel |last6=Giannelli |first6=Gianluigi |date=2022-04-09 |title=Proteoglycans in Cancer: Friends or Enemies? A Special Focus on Hepatocellular Carcinoma |url=https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/14/8/1902 |journal=Cancers |language=en |volume=14 |issue=8 |pages=1902 |doi=10.3390/cancers14081902 |issn=2072-6694 |pmc=9024587 |pmid=35454809}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Proteoglycans are a class of highly glycosylated proteins expressed in virtually all tissues, which are localized within membranes, but more often in the pericellular space and extracellular matrix (ECM), and are involved in tissue homeostasis and remodeling of the stromal microenvironment during physiological and pathological processes, such as tissue regeneration, angiogenesis, and cancer.''

'''Farhan, S.M.K. , Wang J, Robinson JF, et al., 2015. Old gene, new phenotype: mutations in heparan sulfate synthesis enzyme, EXT2 leads to seizure and developmental disorder, no exostoses. Journal of Medical Genetics 2015;52:666-675. ''' ''Many genes are involved in modulating heparan sulfate synthesis, and when these genes are mutated, they can give rise to early-onset developmental disorders affecting multiple body systems.'' 

'''Forsberg E. and L. Kjellen, 2001. Heparan sulfate: lessons from knockout mice. Journal of Clinical Investigation. &lt;nowiki&gt;https://www.jci.org/articles/view/13561&lt;/nowiki&gt;.''' &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Forsberg |first=Erik |last2=Kjellén |first2=Lena |date=2001-07-15 |title=Heparan sulfate: lessons from knockout mice |url=https://www.jci.org/articles/view/13561 |journal=The Journal of Clinical Investigation |language=en |volume=108 |issue=2 |pages=175–180 |doi=10.1172/JCI13561 |issn=0021-9738 |pmid=11457868}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Kidney'' ''agenesis, “broken heart,” abnormal mast cells, somatic overgrowth, lung dysfunction, and chondrodysplasia are some phenotypes of mice where different genes important for heparan sulfate (HS) expression have been knocked out.The authors speculate that, during inflammation or wounding when fibronectin is degraded, syndecan-4 may be important for focal adhesion formation and actin fiber organization, which in turn contribute to cell migration.'' 

'''Fumitoshi Irie, Hedieh Badie-Mahdavi, and Yu Yamaguchi, 2012. ''Autism-like socio-communicative deficits and stereotypies in mice lacking heparan sulfate''. PNAS 2012 109 (13) 5052-5056;  March 27, 2012 vol. 109 no. 13'''&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt; '''&lt;nowiki&gt;http://www.pnas.org/content/109/13/5052.short&lt;/nowiki&gt;''' ''Heparan sulfate regulates diverse cell-surface signaling events, and its roles in the development of the nervous system recently have been increasingly uncovered by studies using genetic models carrying mutations of genes encoding enzymes for its synthesis. Our results demonstrate that heparan sulfate is critical for normal functioning of glutamatergic synapses and that its deficiency mediates socio-communicative deficits and stereotypes characteristic for autism.''

'''Ge, Xiao Na, Bastan, Idil, Ha, Sung Gil, Greenberg, Yana G., Esko, Jeffrey D., Rao, Savita P., Sriramarao, P., 2018. Regulation of eosinophil recruitment and allergic airway inflammation by heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG) modifying enzymes. Experimental Lung Research, 01902148, Mar2018, Vol. 44, Issue''' ''Our study demonstrates that allergen exposure reduces expression of Hs2st; loss of uronyl 2-O-sulfation in endothelial and leukocyte HSPG amplifies recruitment of eosinophils likely due to a compromised vascular endothelium resulting in persistent inflammation whereas loss of N-sulfation limits eosinophilia and attenuates inflammation underscoring the importance of site-specific sulfation in HSPG to their role in AAI.''

'''Haeger SM, Yang Y, Schmidt EP. Heparan Sulfate in the Developing, Healthy, and Injured Lung. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 2016;55(1):5-11. doi:10.1165/rcmb.2016-0043TR''' '''''&lt;nowiki&gt;https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4942210/&lt;/nowiki&gt;'''''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Haeger |first=Sarah M. |last2=Yang |first2=Yimu |last3=Schmidt |first3=Eric P. |date=2016-07 |title=Heparan Sulfate in the Developing, Healthy, and Injured Lung |url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4942210/ |journal=American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology |volume=55 |issue=1 |pages=5–11 |doi=10.1165/rcmb.2016-0043TR |issn=1535-4989 |pmc=4942210 |pmid=26982577}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''This Translational Review highlightsthe importance of athe glycosaminoglycan heparan sulfate (HS) on lung health and disease.''

'''Hiebert, Linda M. 2021. Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans in Diabetes. DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1724118. Thieme E-''' '''Journals - Seminars in Thrombosis and Hemostasis / Abstract (thieme-connect.com).''' &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Hiebert |first=Linda M. |date=2021-04 |title=Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans in Diabetes |url=http://www.thieme-connect.de/DOI/DOI?10.1055/s-0041-1724118 |journal=Seminars in Thrombosis and Hemostasis |language=en |volume=47 |issue=03 |pages=261–273 |doi=10.1055/s-0041-1724118 |issn=0094-6176}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Understanding the role of HSPGs and how they are modified by diabetes may lead to new treatments as well as preventative measures to reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with this complex condition.''

'''Ho, G., G Broze, A. Schwartz, 1997. Role of Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans in the Uptake and Degradation of Tissue Factor Pathway Inhibitor-Coagulation Factor Xa Complexes. CELL BIOLOGY AND METABOLISM| VOLUME 272, ISSUE 27, P16838-16844, JULY 1997.&lt;nowiki&gt;https://www.jbc.org/article/S0021-9258(18)39299-8/fulltext&lt;/nowiki&gt;''' &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Ho |first=Guyu |last2=Broze |first2=George J. |last3=Schwartz |first3=Alan L. |date=1997-07-04 |title=Role of Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans in the Uptake and Degradation of Tissue Factor Pathway Inhibitor-Coagulation Factor Xa Complexes * |url=https://www.jbc.org/article/S0021-9258(18)39299-8/abstract |journal=Journal of Biological Chemistry |language=English |volume=272 |issue=27 |pages=16838–16844 |doi=10.1074/jbc.272.27.16838 |issn=0021-9258}}&lt;/ref&gt;''These results suggest that heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) are required for the uptake and degradation of 125I-TFPI·fXa complexes.'' 

'''Huang M, He H, Belenkaya T, Lin X. Multiple roles of epithelial heparan sulfate in stomach morphogenesis. J Cell Sci. 2018 May 29;131(10):jcs210781. doi: 10.1242/jcs.210781. PMID: 29700203; PMCID: PMC6031332.''' &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Huang |first=Meina |last2=He |first2=Hua |last3=Belenkaya |first3=Tatyana |last4=Lin |first4=Xinhua |date=2018-05-15 |title=Multiple roles of epithelial heparan sulfate in stomach morphogenesis |url=https://journals.biologists.com/jcs/article/131/10/jcs210781/56866/Multiple-roles-of-epithelial-heparan-sulfate-in |journal=Journal of Cell Science |language=en |volume=131 |issue=10 |doi=10.1242/jcs.210781 |issn=1477-9137 |pmc=6031332 |pmid=29700203}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''In the posterior stomach, HS depletion disrupts glandular stomach patterning and cytodifferentiation via attenuation of Fgf signaling activity.'' 

'''Irie, F.,  H. Badie-Mahdavi, Y. Yamaguchi, 2012. Autism-like socio-communicative deficits and stereotypies in mice lacking heparan sulfate Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A., 109 (2012), pp. 5052-5056. &lt;nowiki&gt;https://www.pnas.org/doi/pdf/10.1073/pnas.1117881109&lt;/nowiki&gt;.''' &lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;''Our results demonstrate that heparan sulfate is critical for normal functioning of glutamatergic synapses and that its deficiency mediates socio-communicative deficits and stereotypies characteristic for autism.''

'''Jennes I, Pedrini E, Zuntini M, Mordenti M, Balkassmi S, Asteggiano CG, Casey B, Bakker B, Sangiorgi L, Wuyts W. Multiple osteochondromas: mutation update and description of the multiple osteochondromas mutation database (MOdb). Hum Mutat. 2009 Dec;30 (12):1620-7. doi: 10.1002/humu.21123. PMID: 19810120.''' &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Jennes |first=Ivy |last2=Pedrini |first2=Elena |last3=Zuntini |first3=Monia |last4=Mordenti |first4=Marina |last5=Balkassmi |first5=Sahila |last6=Asteggiano |first6=Carla G. |last7=Casey |first7=Brett |last8=Bakker |first8=Bert |last9=Sangiorgi |first9=Luca |last10=Wuyts |first10=Wim |date=2009-12 |title=Multiple osteochondromas: mutation update and description of the multiple osteochondromas mutation database (MOdb) |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/humu.21123 |journal=Human Mutation |language=en |volume=30 |issue=12 |pages=1620–1627 |doi=10.1002/humu.21123}}&lt;/ref&gt;''MO is genetically heterogeneous, and is associated with mutations in Exostosin-1 (EXT1) or Exostosin-2 (EXT2), both tumor-suppressor genes of the EXT gene family. All members of this multigene family encode glycosyltransferases involved in the adhesion and/or polymerization of heparin sulfate (HS) chains at HS proteoglycans (HSPGs).'' 

'''Jones, K. B., Pacifici, M., &amp; Hilton, M. J. (2014). Multiple hereditary exostoses (MHE): elucidating the pathogenesis of a rare skeletal disorder through interdisciplinary research. Connective Tissue Research, 55(2), 80–88. &lt;nowiki&gt;https://doi.org/10.3109/03008207.2013.867957&lt;/nowiki&gt;.''' ''MHE is largely caused by autosomal dominant mutations in EXT1 or EXT2, genes encoding Golgi-associated glycosyltransferases responsible for heparan sulfate (HS) synthesis. HS chains are key constituents of cell surface- and extracellular matrix-associated proteoglycans, which are known regulators of skeletal development. MHE affected individuals are HS-deficient, can display skeletal growth retardation and deformities, and consistently develop benign, cartilage-capped bony outgrowths (termed exostoses or osteochondromas) near the growth plates of many skeletal elements. Heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) critically modulate adhesion-, growth-, and migration-related processes.''

'''Kemp, Annissa et al. 2017. Control of Cell Shape, Neurite Outgrowth, and Migration by a Nogo-A/HSPG Interaction, Developmental Cell, Volume 43, Issue 1, 24 - 34.e5 &lt;nowiki&gt;https://www.cell.com/developmental-cell/fulltext/S1534-5807(17)30674-3&lt;/nowiki&gt;'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Kempf |first=Anissa |last2=Boda |first2=Enrica |last3=Kwok |first3=Jessica C. F. |last4=Fritz |first4=Rafael |last5=Grande |first5=Valentina |last6=Kaelin |first6=Andrea M. |last7=Ristic |first7=Zorica |last8=Schmandke |first8=Andre |last9=Schmandke |first9=Antonio |last10=Tews |first10=Bjoern |last11=Fawcett |first11=James W. |last12=Pertz |first12=Olivier |last13=Buffo |first13=Annalisa |last14=Schwab |first14=Martin E. |date=2017-10-09 |title=Control of Cell Shape, Neurite Outgrowth, and Migration by a Nogo-A/HSPG Interaction |url=https://www.cell.com/developmental-cell/abstract/S1534-5807(17)30674-3 |journal=Developmental Cell |language=English |volume=43 |issue=1 |pages=24–34.e5 |doi=10.1016/j.devcel.2017.08.014 |issn=1534-5807 |pmid=28943240}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) critically modulate adhesion-, growth-, and migration-related processes. Here, we show that the transmembrane protein, Nogo-A, inhibits neurite outgrowth and cell spreading in neurons and Nogo-A-responsive cell lines via HSPGs. Finally, we show in explant cultures ex vivo that Nogo-A-?20 promotes the migration of neuroblasts via HSPGs but not S1PR2.''

'''Kolset, S., Salmivirta, M. Cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans and lipoprotein metabolism. CMLS, Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 56, 857–870 (1999). &lt;nowiki&gt;https://doi.org/10.1007/s000180050031&lt;/nowiki&gt;''' [https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s000180050031. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s000180050031.]  ''Heparan sulfate has been further implicated in presentation and stabilization of lipoprotein lipase and hepatic lipase on cell surfaces and in the transport of lipoprotein lipase from extravascular cells to the luminal surface of the endothelia. In atherosclerosis, heparan sulfate is intimately involved in several events important to the pathophysiology of the disease.''

'''Laabs, T.; Carulli, D.; Geller, H.M.; Fawcett, J.W. Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans in neural development and regeneration. Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 2005, 15, 116–120. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Carulli |first=Daniela |last2=Laabs |first2=Tracy |last3=Geller |first3=Herbert M. |last4=Fawcett |first4=James W. |date=2005-02 |title=Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans in neural development and regeneration |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15721753 |journal=Current Opinion in Neurobiology |volume=15 |issue=1 |pages=116–120 |doi=10.1016/j.conb.2005.01.014 |issn=0959-4388 |pmid=15721753}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Proteoglycans are of two main types, chondroitin sulfate (CSPGs) and heparin sulfate (HSPGs). The CSPGs act mainly as barrier-forming molecules, whereas the HSPGs stabilise the interactions of receptors and ligands.'' 

'''Lundberg, Y.W., Y. Xu, K.D. Theissen, and K.L. Framer, 2014. Mechanisms of otoconia and otolith development. Developmental Dynamics, 9/24/2014.''' &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Lundberg |first=Yunxia Wang |last2=Xu |first2=Yinfang |last3=Thiessen |first3=Kevin D. |last4=Kramer |first4=Kenneth L. |date=2015 |title=Mechanisms of otoconia and otolith development |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/dvdy.24195 |journal=Developmental Dynamics |language=en |volume=244 |issue=3 |pages=239–253 |doi=10.1002/dvdy.24195 |issn=1097-0177 |pmc=4482761 |pmid=25255879}}&lt;/ref&gt;  ''Deletion of different HSPGs and CSPGs causes calcification deficiencies  which exemplifies their critical role in bone and teeth formation.''

'''Mansouri, R., Jouan, Y., Hay, E. et al. Osteoblastic heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycans control bone remodeling by regulating Wnt signaling and the crosstalk between bone surface and marrow cells. Cell Death Dis 8, e2902 (2017). &lt;nowiki&gt;https://doi.org/10.1038/cddis.2017.287&lt;/nowiki&gt;'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Mansouri |first=Rafik |last2=Jouan |first2=Yohann |last3=Hay |first3=Eric |last4=Blin-Wakkach |first4=Claudine |last5=Frain |first5=Monique |last6=Ostertag |first6=Agnès |last7=Le Henaff |first7=Carole |last8=Marty |first8=Caroline |last9=Geoffroy |first9=Valérie |last10=Marie |first10=Pierre J. |last11=Cohen-Solal |first11=Martine |last12=Modrowski |first12=Dominique |date=2017-06 |title=Osteoblastic heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycans control bone remodeling by regulating Wnt signaling and the crosstalk between bone surface and marrow cells |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/cddis2017287 |journal=Cell Death &amp; Disease |language=en |volume=8 |issue=6 |pages=e2902–e2902 |doi=10.1038/cddis.2017.287 |issn=2041-4889 |pmc=5520938 |pmid=28661485}}&lt;/ref&gt;  ''Syndecan-2 is a membrane heparan sulfate proteoglycan that is associated with osteoblastic differentiation. The osteogenic properties of matrix glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) have been explored; however, the functions of GAGs at the surface of bone-forming cells are less documented.'' 

'''Matsuzawa, T. et al., 2021. Heparan sulfate promotes differentiation of white adipocytes to maintain insulin sensitivity and glucose homeostasis. Journal of Biological Chemistry.'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Matsuzawa |first=Takuro |last2=Morita |first2=Masanobu |last3=Shimane |first3=Ai |last4=Otsuka |first4=Rina |last5=Mei |first5=Yu |last6=Irie |first6=Fumitoshi |last7=Yamaguchi |first7=Yu |last8=Yanai |first8=Kazuhiko |last9=Yoshikawa |first9=Takeo |date=2021-09 |title=Heparan sulfate promotes differentiation of white adipocytes to maintain insulin sensitivity and glucose homeostasis |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34310946 |journal=The Journal of Biological Chemistry |volume=297 |issue=3 |pages=101006 |doi=10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101006 |issn=1083-351X |pmc=8379462 |pmid=34310946}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''We observed that Ext1Δ/WT mice showed glucose intolerance because of insulin resistance. Our results demonstrate that HS plays a crucial role in the differentiation of white adipocytes through BMP4–FGF1 signaling pathways, thereby contributing to insulin sensitivity and glucose homeostasis.''

'''Meneghetti, Maria C. Z.; Hughes, Ashley J.; Rudd, Timothy R.; Nader, Helena B.; Powell, Andrew K.; Yates, Edwin A.; Lima, Marcelo A. (2015-09-06). &quot;Heparan sulfate and heparin interactions with proteins&quot;. Journal of the Royal Society, Interface. 12 (110): 0589. doi:10.1098/rsif.2015.0589. ISSN 1742-5662. PMC 4614469. &lt;nowiki&gt;PMID 26289657&lt;/nowiki&gt;'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Echits |first=S. V. |last2=Pichko |first2=V. B. |last3=Tikhomirova |first3=A. S. |last4=Letunova |first4=E. V. |date=1975 |title=[Preparation and properties of beta-galactosidase linked covalently with KM-cellulose] |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1742 |journal=Prikladnaia Biokhimiia I Mikrobiologiia |volume=11 |issue=6 |pages=848–851 |issn=0555-1099 |pmid=1742}}&lt;/ref&gt;''. Heparan sulfate (HS) polysaccharides are ubiquitous components of the cell surface and extracellular matrix of all multicellular animals, whereas heparin is present within mast cells and can be viewed as a more sulfated, tissue-specific, HS variant. HS and heparin regulate biological processes through interactions with a large repertoire of proteins. Owing to these interactions and diverse effects observed during in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo experiments, manifold biological/pharmacological activities have been attributed to them'''''.'''

'''Mooney et al. 2016.Pathway analysis in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: An ensemble approach. American Journal of Medical Genetics. Volume 171, Sept 2016. &lt;nowiki&gt;https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/ajmg.b.32446&lt;/nowiki&gt;''' &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Mooney |first=Michael A. |last2=McWeeney |first2=Shannon K. |last3=Faraone |first3=Stephen V. |last4=Hinney |first4=Anke |last5=Hebebrand |first5=Johannes |last6=Consortium |first6=Image2 |last7=Group |first7=German ADHD GWAS |last8=Nigg |first8=Joel T. |last9=Wilmot |first9=Beth |date=2016 |title=Pathway analysis in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: An ensemble approach |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/ajmg.b.32446 |journal=American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics |language=en |volume=171 |issue=6 |pages=815–826 |doi=10.1002/ajmg.b.32446 |issn=1552-485X |pmc=4983253 |pmid=27004716}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''These results support previous hypotheses about the role of regulation of neurotransmitter release, neurite outgrowth and axon guidance in contributing to the ADHD phenotype and suggest the value of cross-method convergence in evaluating pathway analysis results.''

'''Nackaerts, K. et al. 1997. Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycan Expression In Human Lung-Cancer Cells. Int. J. Cancer (Pred. Oncol.): 74, 335–345 (1997) r 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc. &lt;nowiki&gt;https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Maurits_Demedts/publication/13997415_Heparan_sulfate_proteoglycan_expression_in_human_lung-cancer_cells/links/5600565108aeafc8ac8c7374.pdf&lt;/nowiki&gt;'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Nackaerts |first=Kris |last2=Verbeken |first2=Erik |last3=Deneffe |first3=Georges |last4=Vanderschueren |first4=Bernadette |last5=Demedts |first5=Maurits |last6=David |first6=Guido |date=1997-07-01 |title=Heparan sulfate proteoglycan expression in human lung-cancer cells |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/13997415_Heparan_sulfate_proteoglycan_expression_in_human_lung-cancer_cells |journal=International journal of cancer. Journal international du cancer |volume=74 |pages=335–45 |doi=10.1002/(SICI)1097-0215(19970620)74:33.3.CO;2-4}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Heparan sulfate (HS) functions as a co-factor in several signal-transduction systems that affect cellular growth, differentiation, adhesion and motility. HS, therefore, may also play a role in the malignant transformation of cells, tumor growth, cell invasiveness and the formation of tumor metastases. Our results suggest that poorly differentiated lung tumors have markedly altered patterns of HSPG expression, which may contribute to their invasive phenotype. Int. J. Cancer 74:335– 345, 1997.''

'''Nencini Sara , Ivanusic Jason J. The Physiology of Bone Pain. How Much Do We Really Know? Frontiers in Physiology. Volume 7 - 2016.''' '''&lt;nowiki&gt;https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/physiology/articles/10.3389/fphys.2016.00157&lt;/nowiki&gt;. DOI=10.3389/fphys.2016.00157. ISSN=1664-042X'''&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt; ''Pain is associated with most bony pathologies. Clinical and experimental observations suggest that bone pain can be derived from noxious stimulation of the periosteum or bone marrow Whilst these provide some clues as to the way information about bone pain is centrally coded, they need to be expanded to further our understanding of other central territories involved.''

'''Otsu, K.; Kato, S.; Ohtake, K.; Akamatsu, N. Alteration of rat liver proteoglycans during regeneration. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 1992, 294, 544–549. Alteration of rat liver proteoglycans during regeneration - PubMed (nih.gov)'''''. Heparan sulfates (HS) are probably the major GAGs present on the surface of hepatocytes under normal conditions. Nevertheless, HSPGs expression increases during liver regeneration. Using [35S] sulfuric acid incorporation, Otsu et al. showed that, in the hepatic regeneration phase after hepatectomy, the synthesis of heparin sulfate proteoglycans, and to a lesser extent, of chondroitin/dermatan sulfate proteoglycans, increases up to 3–5 days and is temporally shifted compared to the stage of maximum mitosis that occurs 1–2 days following the surgical procedure [94].'' 

'''Otsuka, T., Phan, A.Q., Laurencin, C.T. et al. Identification of Heparan-Sulfate Rich Cells in the Loose Connective Tissues of the Axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum) with the Potential to Mediate Growth Factor Signaling during Regeneration. Regen. Eng. Transl. Med. 6, 7–17 (2020). &lt;nowiki&gt;https://doi.org/10.1007/s40883-019-00140-3&lt;/nowiki&gt; &lt;nowiki&gt;https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40883-019-00140-3&lt;/nowiki&gt;'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Otsuka |first=T. |last2=Phan |first2=A. Q. |last3=Laurencin |first3=C. T. |last4=Esko |first4=J. D. |last5=Bryant |first5=S. V. |last6=Gardiner |first6=D. M. |date=2020-03 |title=Identification of Heparan-Sulfate Rich Cells in the Loose Connective Tissues of the Axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum) with the Potential to Mediate Growth Factor Signaling during Regeneration |url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s40883-019-00140-3 |journal=Regenerative Engineering and Translational Medicine |language=en |volume=6 |issue=1 |pages=7–17 |doi=10.1007/s40883-019-00140-3 |issn=2364-4133 |pmc=7971174 |pmid=33748405}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''. We hypothesized that there are cells in the axolotl that synthesize specific HSPGs that control growth factor signaling in time and space. Given their high level of HSPG expression, their stellate morphology, and their distribution throughout the loose connective tissues, we refer to these as the positional information GRID (Groups that are Regenerative, Interspersed and Dendritic) cells.''

'''Parish, C., 2005. Heparan sulfate and inflammation. Nature Immunology 6(9):861-2 ·  October. &lt;nowiki&gt;https://www.researchgate.net/publication/7645220_Heparan_sulfate_and_inflammation&lt;/nowiki&gt;.'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Parish |first=Christopher |date=2005-10-01 |title=Heparan sulfate and inflammation |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/7645220_Heparan_sulfate_and_inflammation |journal=Nature immunology |volume=6 |pages=861–2 |doi=10.1038/ni0905-861}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Entry of leukocytes into tissues is a key feature of inflammation. New data suggest the polysaccharide heparan sulfate is required for several stages of this entry process.''

'''Park, P.J, and D. Shukla. Role of heparan sulfate in ocular diseases, Experimental Eye Research, Volume 110, 2013, Pages 1-9, ISSN 0014-4835, &lt;nowiki&gt;https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exer.2013.01.015&lt;/nowiki&gt;.'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Park |first=Paul J. |last2=Shukla |first2=Deepak |date=2013-05-01 |title=Role of heparan sulfate in ocular diseases |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0014483513000274 |journal=Experimental Eye Research |volume=110 |pages=1–9 |doi=10.1016/j.exer.2013.01.015 |issn=0014-4835 |pmc=3638857 |pmid=23410824}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Abstract: Heparan sulfate (HS), a ubiquitous and structurally diverse cell surface polysaccharide and extracellular matrix component, is a factor common to several major eye pathologies. Its multitude of functions and variable distribution among the different ocular tissues makes it an important contributor to a variety of disease states. Although HS facilitates the pathogenesis of many disorders, its role in each varies. Unique functions of HS have been particularly noted in viral and bacterial keratitis and age-related macular degeneration.'' 

'''Pérez, C., Sawmiller, D. &amp; Tan, J. The role of heparan sulfate deficiency in autistic phenotype: potential involvement of Slit/Robo/srGAPs-mediated dendritic spine formation. Neural Dev 11, 11 (2016). &lt;nowiki&gt;https://doi.org/10.1186/s13064-016-0066-x&lt;/nowiki&gt;''' &lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt; ''Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) are the second most common developmental cause of disability in the United States. The brains of ASD patients have marked structural abnormalities, in the form of increased dendritic spines and decreased long distance connections. These structural differences may be due to deficiencies in Heparin Sulfate (HS), a proteoglycan involved in a variety of neurodevelopmental processes. Through interference with this pathway, HS deficiency can lead to excess spine formation.''

'''Poli, Maura, Michela Asperti, Paola Ruzzenenti, Annamaria Naggi, and Paolo Arosio. 2017. &quot;Non-Anticoagulant Heparins Are Hepcidin Antagonists for the Treatment of Anemia&quot; Molecules 22, no. 4: 598. &lt;nowiki&gt;https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules22040598&lt;/nowiki&gt;'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Poli |first=Maura |last2=Asperti |first2=Michela |last3=Ruzzenenti |first3=Paola |last4=Naggi |first4=Annamaria |last5=Arosio |first5=Paolo |date=2017-04-08 |title=Non-Anticoagulant Heparins Are Hepcidin Antagonists for the Treatment of Anemia |url=https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/22/4/598 |journal=Molecules |language=en |volume=22 |issue=4 |pages=598 |doi=10.3390/molecules22040598 |issn=1420-3049 |pmc=6154463 |pmid=28397746}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''This review summarizes recent findings on the anti-hepcidin activity of heparins and their possible use for the treatment of anemia caused by hepcidin excess, including the anemia of chronic diseases.''

'''Russel A.L. and M.F.McCarty, 2000 Glucosamine for migraine prophylaxis?  Medical Hypotheses. Volume 55, Issue 3, September 2000, Pages 195-198. &lt;nowiki&gt;http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306987799910125&lt;/nowiki&gt;''' ''We postulate that supplemental glucosamine can boost mast cell heparin synthesis – perhaps correcting a functional heparin deficiency – thereby preventing or ameliorating the neurogenic inflammation that mediates pain in vascular headache. Whether or not this idea has validity, a controlled study of glucosamine for migraine prophylaxis appears to be warranted.''

'''Stringer, S.E. and Gallagher. 1997. Molecules in focus. Heparan sulphate. The International Journal of Biochemistry &amp; Cell Biology, Volume 29, Issue 5, 1997.''' ''Heparan sulphates, the N-sulphated polysaccharides components of proteoglycans, are common constituents of cell surfaces and the extracellular matrix. The diverse functions of heparan sulphate, which range from the control of blood coagulation to the regulation of cell growth and adhesion, depend on the capacity of the chains to activate protein ligands, such as antithrombin III and members of the fibroblast growth factor family. These properties are currently being exploited in the development of synthetic heparan sulphates as anticoagulants and promoters of wound healing. Conversely organic mimics of growth factor activating saccharides could possibly be designed to suppress tumour growth and prevent restenosis after coronary vessel angioplasty.''

'''Theoharides TC et al.  1999. Stress-induced rat intestinal mast cell intragranular activation and inhibitory effect of sulfated proteoglycans.  Digestive Diseases and Sciences [1999, 44 (8 Suppl):87S-93S]. Pages 709-714. &lt;nowiki&gt;http://europepmc.org/abstract/med/10490045&lt;/nowiki&gt;''' ''Cyclic vomiting syndrome is characterized by sudden episodes of vomiting and abdominal pain. It occurs primarily in children, is exacerbated by stress, and is often considered a migraine equivalent. Migraines have been linked to mast cells, which are often found close to neurons where they are activated by neuropeptides. We investigated the ultrastructural appearance of rat ileal brush border and mast cells following acute stress by immobilization.These results suggest the possible usefulness of chondroitin sulfate in conditions such as cyclic vomiting syndrome.''

'''Thompson, W.R. 2011. Perlecan modulates the function of the osteocyte lacuno-canalicular system. University of Delaware, ProQuest Dissertations Publishing, 2011. 3443246.''' ''In this study, along with my colleagues, I examined osteocyte lacunocanalicular morphology in mice deficient in the large heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG) PLN in this tissue. . . Ultrastructural measurements using electron micrograph images of PLN deficient mice demonstrate a significant decrease in osteocyte canalicular pericellular area, resulting from a reduction in the total canalicular area, when compared to controls. Additionally, PLN deficient mice show significantly diminished canalicular density and a significant reduction in the number of transverse tethering elements per canaliculus.''

'''van den Born J, van den Heuvel LP, Bakker MA, Veerkamp JH, Assmann KJ, Weening JJ, Berden JH., 1993. ''Distribution of GBM heparan sulfate proteoglycan core protein and side chains in human glomerular diseases.'' Kidney Int. 1993 Feb;43(2):454-63. &lt;nowiki&gt;http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8441243&lt;/nowiki&gt;'''  ''Using monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) recognizing either the core protein or the heparan sulfate (HS) side chain of human GBM heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG), we investigated their glomerular distribution on cryostat sections of human kidney tissues. In conclusion, major alterations were observed in the glomerular distribution of HS and HSPG-core in various human glomerulopathies. The mAbs can be useful to further delineate the significance of HSPG and HS for glomerular diseases.''

'''Vicente, Carolina Meloni, da Silva, Daiana Aparecida, Sartorio, Priscila Veronica, Silva, Tiago Donizetti, Saad, Sarhan Sydney, Nader, Helena Bonciani, Forones, Nora Manoukian, Toma, Leny, Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans in Human Colorectal Cancer, Analytical Cellular Pathology, 2018, 8389595, 10 pages, 2018.''' &lt;nowiki&gt;https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/8389595&lt;/nowiki&gt;'''  &lt;nowiki&gt;https://www.hindawi.com/journals/acp/2018/8389595/&lt;/nowiki&gt;''' ''Heparan sulfate proteoglycans are complex molecules present in the cell membrane and extracellular matrix, which play vital roles in cell adhesion, migration, proliferation, and signaling pathways. Heparan sulfate proteoglycans are candidate molecules to clarify colorectal cancer tumorigenesis, as well as important targets to therapy and diagnosis.''

'''Vlodavestky, I. et al. 2007. Heparanase: Structure, Biological Functions, and Inhibition by Heparin-Derived Mimetics of Heparan Sulfate. Current Pharmaceutical Design, Volume 13, Number 20, July 2007, pp. 2057-2073(17). &lt;nowiki&gt;http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/ben/cpd/2007/00000013/00000020/art00004&lt;/nowiki&gt;''' ''Heparanase is an endoglycosidase which cleaves heparan sulfate (HS) and hence participates in degradation and remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Heparanase is preferentially expressed in human tumors and its over-expression in tumor cells confers an invasive phenotype in experimental animals. These observations and the unexpected identification of a single functional heparanase, suggest that the enzyme is a promising target for anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory drug development.''

'''Weihua T. et al. 2002. Heparanase: A Key Enzyme in Invasion and Metastasis of Gastric Carcinoma.Mod Pathol 2002;15(6):593–59. &lt;nowiki&gt;http://www.nature.com/modpathol/journal/v15/n6/abs/3880571a.html&lt;/nowiki&gt;''' ''Previous reports have shown that the biochemical activity of heparanase is significantly correlated with the invasion and metastasis of malignant cells in vitro.'' ''It was concluded that heparanase might play an important role in the development of invasion and metastasis of the gastric cancer. It was indicated that patients with heparanase-positive gastric carcinoma would have a greater chance of metastasis with a poor prognosis.''

'''Whitelock John M. and Renato V. Iozzo, 2005. H''eparan Sulfate:  A Complex Polymer Charged with Biological Activity''. Chem. Rev., 2005, 105 (7), pp 2745–2764. &lt;nowiki&gt;http://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/cr0102&lt;/nowiki&gt;''' ''  “HS is a complex and highly active biopolymer…” one section is on heparan sulfate therapies,''

'''Yan Yin, Adam Wang, Li Feng, Yu Wang, Hong Zhang, Ivy Zhang, Brent M Bany, Liang Ma, Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycan Sulfation Regulates Uterine Differentiation and Signaling During Embryo Implantation, Endocrinology, Volume 159, Issue 6, June 2018, Pages 2459–2472, &lt;nowiki&gt;https://doi.org/10.1210/en.2018-00105&lt;/nowiki&gt;'''  ''One important modulator of these signaling pathways is the cell surface and extracellular matrix macromolecules, heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs). HSPGs play crucial roles in signal transduction by regulating morphogen transport and ligand binding. In this study, we examine the role of HSPG sulfation in regulating uterine receptivity…''

'''Zhongjun Zhou et al. 2004.  Impaired Angiogenesis, Delayed Wound Healing and Retarded Tumor Growth in Perlecan Heparan Sulfate-Deficient Mice. DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-04-0810 Published July 2004. &lt;nowiki&gt;http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/64/14/4699&lt;/nowiki&gt;.''' ''Perlecan, a modular proteoglycan carrying primary heparan sulfate (HS) side chains, is a major component of blood vessel basement membranes.Perlecan HS-deficient (Hspg2Δ3/Δ3) mice survived embryonic development and were apparently healthy as adults. However, mutant mice exhibited significantly delayed wound healing, retarded FGF-2-induced tumor growth, and defective angiogenesis.''

'''Zhu W, Li J, Liang G. How does cellular heparan sulfate function in viral pathogenicity? Biomed Environ Sci. 2011 Feb;24(1):81-7. doi: 10.3967/0895-3988.2011.01.011. PMID: 2144084'''4. ''Heparan sulfate (HS) is ubiquitously expressed on the surfaces and in the extracellular matrix of virtually all cell types, making it an ideal receptor for viral infection. Understanding how heparan sulfate functions during virus infection in vivo may prove critical for elucidating the molecular mechanism of viral pathogenesis, and may contribute to the development of therapeutics targeting HS''.

== Case studies ==
'''Ahn, YS., Kim, S., Kim, WJ. et al. Characteristics of hip impingement syndrome in patients with multiple hereditary exostoses. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 22, 153 (2021). &lt;nowiki&gt;https://doi.org/10.1186/s12891-021-04021-1&lt;/nowiki&gt;'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Ahn |first=Yeong-Seub |last2=Kim |first2=Sungmin |last3=Kim |first3=Woo-Jong |last4=Lim |first4=Jun-Hyuk |last5=Jung |first5=Sung-Taek |date=2021-02-06 |title=Characteristics of hip impingement syndrome in patients with multiple hereditary exostoses |url=https://doi.org/10.1186/s12891-021-04021-1 |journal=BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders |language=en |volume=22 |issue=1 |pages=153 |doi=10.1186/s12891-021-04021-1 |issn=1471-2474 |pmc=7868013 |pmid=33549073}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Between 2001 and 2019, total 51 patients (102 hips) were evaluated in this study. Patients with MHE were classified to femoro-acetabular impingement (FAI) symptom group, ischio-femoral impingement (IFI) symptom group and non-impingement symptom group by comparing the symptoms, clinical signs and imaging studies.'' 

'''Albokhari, Daniah, Christopher R. Bailey, Francis Hwang, Clifford R. Weiss, Jonathan Forsberg, Nara Sobreira.  2023. Venous malformation may be a feature of EXT1-related hereditary multiple exostoses: A report of two unrelated probands.  American Journal of Medical Genetics.''' '' ''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Albokhari |first=Daniah |last2=Bailey |first2=Christopher R. |last3=Hwang |first3=Francis |last4=Weiss |first4=Clifford R. |last5=Forsberg |first5=Jonathan |last6=Sobreira |first6=Nara |date=2023 |title=Venous malformation may be a feature of EXT1-related hereditary multiple exostoses: A report of two unrelated probands |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/ajmg.a.63158 |journal=American Journal of Medical Genetics Part A |language=en |volume=191 |issue=6 |pages=1570–1575 |doi=10.1002/ajmg.a.63158 |issn=1552-4833}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Report two unrelated probands that presented with a clinical and molecular diagnosis of HME with venous malformation, a clinical feature not previously reported in individuals with HME.''

'''Anel-Quimpo, Joselynna, Mark Anthony Santiago Sandoval, Frances Lina Lantion-Ang, 2011. Hypercalcaemia from genitourinary tuberculosis in a female with multiple exostoses. BMJ Journals. &lt;nowiki&gt;https://casereports.bmj.com/content/2011/bcr.12.2010.3651&lt;/nowiki&gt;.'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Anel-Quimpo |first=Joselynna |last2=Sandoval |first2=Mark Anthony Santiago |last3=Lantion-Ang |first3=Frances Lina |date=2011-05-17 |title=Hypercalcaemia from genitourinary tuberculosis in a female with multiple exostoses |url=https://casereports.bmj.com/content/2011/bcr.12.2010.3651 |journal=BMJ Case Reports |language=en |volume=2011 |pages=bcr1220103651 |doi=10.1136/bcr.12.2010.3651 |issn=1757-790X}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''The authors present a puzzling case of nephrolithiasis, hypercalcaemia, amenorrhoea, short stature and gross skeletal deformities in a 30-year-old female. Multiple pituitary hormone deficiency and metabolic bone disease were initially considered but were eventually excluded. The final diagnosis is genitourinary tuberculosis (TB) which caused the hypercalcaemia, nephrolithiasis and amenorrhoea, and also found to have the syndrome of multiple exostoses which explained the gross skeletal deformities and the short stature. After treatment with anti-TB therapy, there was resolution of hypercalcaemia and return of regular menstruation. The short stature and gross skeletal deformities remain as part of the congenital syndrome.''

'''Bari MS, Jahangir Alam MM, Chowdhury FR, Dhar PB, Begum A. 2012. Hereditary multiple exostoses causing cord compression. J Coll Physicians Surg Pak 22:797–799.'''&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;''' ''' ''Neurological presentations are rare and usually happened due to direct compression of a peripheral nerve or nerve root or less often the spinal cord. This case is possibly the first case of HME described from Bangladesh, presented with dorsal cord compression. Decompression was done and the complaints of myelopathy were improved.''

'''Caino, Silvia, Marisa Angelica Cubilla, Romina Alba, María Gabriela Obregón, Virginia Fano, Abel Gómez, Lorena Zecchini, Pablo Lapunzina, Miriam Aza-Carmona, Karen E. Heath, and et al. 2022. &quot;Clinical and Genetic Analysis of Multiple Osteochondromas in a Cohort of Argentine Patients&quot; Genes 13, no. 11: 2063.''' '''&lt;nowiki&gt;https://doi.org/10.3390/genes13112063&lt;/nowiki&gt;'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Caino |first=Silvia |last2=Cubilla |first2=Marisa Angelica |last3=Alba |first3=Romina |last4=Obregón |first4=María Gabriela |last5=Fano |first5=Virginia |last6=Gómez |first6=Abel |last7=Zecchini |first7=Lorena |last8=Lapunzina |first8=Pablo |last9=Aza-Carmona |first9=Miriam |last10=Heath |first10=Karen E. |last11=Asteggiano |first11=Carla Gabriela |date=2022-11-07 |title=Clinical and Genetic Analysis of Multiple Osteochondromas in a Cohort of Argentine Patients |url=https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4425/13/11/2063 |journal=Genes |language=en |volume=13 |issue=11 |pages=2063 |doi=10.3390/genes13112063 |issn=2073-4425 |pmc=9690389 |pmid=36360300}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Multiple Osteochondromatosis (MO, MIM 133700 &amp; 133701), an autosomal dominant O-glycosylation disorder (EXT1/EXT2-CDG), can be associated with a reduction in skeletal growth, bony deformity, restricted joint motion, shortened stature and pathogenic variants in two tumor suppressor genes, EXT1 and EXT2. In this work, we report a cross-sectional study including 35 index patients and 20 affected family members. Clinical phenotyping of all 55 affected cases was obtained, but genetic studies were performed only in 35 indexes.''

'''Hariri O, Al Laham O, Ibrahim Basha Z, Ghannam E, Ghannam M, Mohammad A. Multiple Hereditary Exostoses instigating a popliteal pseudoaneurysm in a young Middle Eastern male: A case report and literature review. Int J Surg Case Rep. 2024 Apr 12;118:109633. doi: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2024.109633. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 38626641; PMCID: PMC11035074.'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Hariri |first=Omar |last2=Al Laham |first2=Omar |last3=Ibrahim Basha |first3=Zein |last4=Ghannam |first4=Eman |last5=Ghannam |first5=Mohammad |last6=Mohammad |first6=Ammar |date=2024-05 |title=Multiple Hereditary Exostoses instigating a popliteal pseudoaneurysm in a young Middle Eastern male: A case report and literature review |url=https://journals.lww.com/10.1016/j.ijscr.2024.109633 |journal=International Journal of Surgery Case Reports |language=en |volume=118 |issue=C |doi=10.1016/j.ijscr.2024.109633 |issn=2210-2612 |pmc=11035074 |pmid=38626641}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''We present the case of a 37-year-old Middle Eastern male with Multiple Hereditary Exostoses who experienced sudden-onset left lower limb pain persisting for a month prior to admission. It was associated with coldness and paresthesia of the ipsilateral lower limb. The presurgical radiological workup uncovered a popliteal pseudoaneurysm subsequent to Multiple Hereditary Exostoses.''

'''Kambouris, M., Fadda A, Al-Arraj, Y, et al., 2016. Putative Relation Between Autism Spectrum Disease &amp; Hereditary Multiple Exostosis Investigated by Whole Genome Sequencing &amp; Comparative Genome Analyses in a Family with ASD and HME with EXT-1 Mutations''' ''A family with two male children affected with ASD and HME as well as an unaffected female child, was studied to identify the Genetic basis of ASD in the family and the possible relation between ASD &amp; HME. The HME unaffected parent [mother] contributed heterozygous variants in the Heparan Sulfate biosynthesis pathway that in synergy with the EXT-1 mutation could be the genetic causes of ASD in the family.''

'''Kim, Min Jeong, Yunjin Lee, Sang Ook Nam, Young Mi Kim, 2021. An 8q24.11q24.13 Microdeletion Encompassing EXT1 in a Boy with Autistic Spectrum Disorder, Intellectual Disability, and Multiple Hereditary Exostoses. Annals of Child Neurology. Letter to the Editor, 11/9/2021.''' ''Here, we describe the case of a boy with a microdeletion (8q24.11q24.13 [118,625,768-124,169,620]×1), who presented with autism, intellectual disability, and MHE. the parents signed informed consent and approved the anonymous use of clinical and molecular data for the present diagnostic study'''''.'''

'''Küçükesmen, Çiḡdem DDS, PhD, Buḡra Özen, DDS, PhD,b and Mustafa Akçam, DDS, PhDc, 1997. Multiple Hereditary Osteochondromatosis: A Case Report. Eur J Dent. 2007 Jul; 1(3): 183–187.&lt;nowiki&gt;https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih&lt;/nowiki&gt;.''' ''Common carious lesions owing to vomiting are not widespread in children. In this case, we aimed to report an 11-years-old male patient with common carious lesions due to repeated vomitings, chewing and eating difficulty and retarded growth with Multiple Hereditary Osteochondromatosis (MHO).''

'''Li H, Yamagata T, Mori M, Momoi MY. 2002.Association of autism in two patients with hereditary multiple exostoses caused by novel deletion mutations of EXT1. J Hum Genet 2002;47:262-5. &lt;nowiki&gt;https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12032595/&lt;/nowiki&gt;.'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Li |first=Hung |last2=Yamagata |first2=Takanori |last3=Mori |first3=Masato |last4=Momoi |first4=Mariko Y. |date=2002 |title=Association of autism in two patients with hereditary multiple exostoses caused by novel deletion mutations of EXT1 |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12032595 |journal=Journal of Human Genetics |volume=47 |issue=5 |pages=262–265 |doi=10.1007/s100380200036 |issn=1434-5161 |pmid=12032595}}&lt;/ref&gt;''  Two boys from separate families presented with hereditary multiple exostoses (EXT) and autism associated with mental retardation.'' 

'''Malagón, V., 2001.  Development of Hip Dysplasia in Hereditary Multiple Exostosis. Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics, 21(2): 205-211.  &lt;nowiki&gt;https://journals.lww.com/pedorthopaedics/Abstract/2001/03000/Development_of_Hip_Dysplasia_in_Hereditary.14.aspx&lt;/nowiki&gt;''.'''''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Development of Hip Dysplasia in Hereditary... : Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics |url=https://www.ovid.com/jnls/pedorthopaedics/fulltext/01241398-200103000-00014~development-of-hip-dysplasia-in-hereditary-multiple |access-date=2026-07-16 |website=Ovid |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''In approximately 25% of patients with hereditary multiple exostosis, there is an abnormal osteochondral formation localized in the femoral proximal metaphysis. Although this entity is rather frequent and quite severe, it is rarely found in the medical literature. The author describes six private cases, taken from a total of 24,000 patients (0.25/1000) as examples of this entity, and provides a review of the literature.'' 

'''Mazza, D., Fabbri, M., Calderaro, C., Iorio, C., Labianca, L., Poggi, C., Turturro, F., Montanaro, A., &amp; Ferretti, A. (2017). Chest pain caused by multiple exostoses of the ribs: A case report and a review of literature. World journal of orthopedics, 8(5), 436–440. https://doi.org/10.5312/wjo.v8.i5.436&lt;nowiki/&gt;.'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Mazza |first=Daniele |last2=Fabbri |first2=Mattia |last3=Calderaro |first3=Cosma |last4=Iorio |first4=Carlo |last5=Labianca |first5=Luca |last6=Poggi |first6=Camilla |last7=Turturro |first7=Francesco |last8=Montanaro |first8=Antonello |last9=Ferretti |first9=Andrea |date=2017 |title=Chest pain caused by multiple exostoses of the ribs: A case report and a review of literature |url=http://www.wjgnet.com/2218-5836/full/v8/i5/436.htm |journal=World Journal of Orthopedics |language=en |volume=8 |issue=5 |pages=436 |doi=10.5312/wjo.v8.i5.436 |issn=2218-5836 |pmc=5434351 |pmid=28567348}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''An exceptional case of multiple internal exostoses of the ribs in a young patient affected by multiple hereditary exostoses (MHE) coming to our observation for chest pain as the only symptom of an intra-thoracic localization. The computed tomography (CT) scan revealed the presence of three exostoses located on the left third, fourth and sixth ribs, all protruding into the thoracic cavity, directly in contact with visceral pleura. Moreover, the apex of the one located on the sixth rib revealed to be only 12 mm away from pericardium.'' 

'''Montgomery BK, Cahan EM, Frick S. Spinal Screening MRI Trends in Patients with Multiple Hereditary Exostoses: National Survey- PubMed''' '''. Cureus. 2019 Dec 23;11(12):e6452. doi: 10.7759/cureus.6452. PMID: 32010535; PMCID: PMC6975245'''''.''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Montgomery |first=Blake K |last2=Cahan |first2=Eli M |last3=Frick |first3=Steve |date=2019-12-23 |title=Spinal Screening MRI Trends in Patients with Multiple Hereditary Exostoses: National Survey |url=https://www.cureus.com/articles/23789-spinal-screening-mri-trends-in-patients-with-multiple-hereditary-exostoses-national-survey |journal=Cureus |language=en |doi=10.7759/cureus.6452 |issn=2168-8184 |pmc=6975245 |pmid=32010535}}&lt;/ref&gt;  ''Background Multiple hereditary exostoses (MHE) is a rare disease characterized by multiple osteochondromas. Osteochondromas growing into the spinal canal can produce devastating consequences, including permanent neurologic deficits and even death.  This study presents a case of an intracanal osteochondroma at C1 identified by routine screening and a survey describing current practices of MHE experts.''

'''Narvid, J., M. L. Gorno-Tempini, A. Slavotinek, S. J. DeArmond, Y. H. Cha, B. L. Miller &amp; K. Rankin, 2009. Of brain and bone: The unusual case of Dr. A. Neurocase Vol. 15, Iss. 3, 2009.''' '''&lt;nowiki&gt;http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13554790802632967&lt;/nowiki&gt;'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Narvid |first=J. |last2=Gorno-Tempini |first2=M. L. |last3=Slavotinek |first3=A. |last4=DeArmond |first4=S. J. |last5=Cha |first5=Y. H. |last6=Miller |first6=B. L. |last7=Rankin |first7=K. |date=2009-06-01 |title=Of brain and bone: The unusual case of Dr. A |url=https://doi.org/10.1080/13554790802632967 |journal=Neurocase |volume=15 |issue=3 |pages=190–205 |doi=10.1080/13554790802632967 |issn=1355-4794 |pmc=2997763 |pmid=20183548}}&lt;/ref&gt;''. Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is a clinical syndrome characterized by progressive decline in social conduct and a focal pattern of frontal and temporal lobe damage. Its biological basis is still poorly understood but the focality of the brain degeneration provides a powerful model to study the cognitive and anatomical basis of social cognition. Here, we present Dr. A, a patient with a rare hereditary bone disease (hereditary multiple exostoses) and FTD (pathologically characterized as Pick's disease),  This case provides new evidence regarding the neural basis of social cognition and suggests a possible genetic link between bone disease and FTD.''

'''Puiu1, Maria , Iulia Simina-Jurca, Simona Dumitriu, Smaranda Arghirescu,  Adela Chirita-Emandi,  2012. . Multiple Hereditary Exostoses - Clinical Features and Management.''' ''We report two cases of skeletally immature patients who presented with multiple exostoses, bone deformation without bone pain; and growth and pubertal retardation. The cases need adequate counseling, long-term follow-up, and measures to improve the quality of life of patients with multiple hereditary exostoses.''

'''Stitzman Wengrowicz, M.L., J  Pretell-Mazzini,  J.P. Dormans, R.S. Davidson, 2011.. Regression of a Sessile Osteochondroma: A Case Study and Review of the Literature.''' ''&lt;nowiki&gt;https://www.researchgate.net/publication/267426996_Regression_of_a_Sessile_Osteochondroma_A_Case_Study_and_Review_of_the_Literature&lt;/nowiki&gt; . The most common benign bone tumor is osteochondroma.  Its natural history is poorly understood as a consequence of its benign symptomatology in most cases. It typically grows in childhood and growth during adulthood can be a sign of malignant  degeneration. We present  a case of  spontaneous regression of  a solitary osteochondroma.  A review of the  current  literature which  reveals 21  other cases of  spontaneous regression  of solitary  osteochondromas is also discussed. We believe that the possibility of regression of solitary osteochondromas should be taken into account when considering surgical excision.''

'''Viala P, Vanel D, Larbi A, Cyteval C, Laredo JD. Bilateral ischiofemoral impingement in a patient with hereditary multiple exostoses. Skeletal Radiol. 2012;41:1637–40. [PubMed] &lt;nowiki&gt;https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22865159/&lt;/nowiki&gt;.'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Viala |first=Pierre |last2=Vanel |first2=Daniel |last3=Larbi |first3=Ahmed |last4=Cyteval |first4=Catherine |last5=Laredo |first5=Jean-Denis |date=2012-12 |title=Bilateral ischiofemoral impingement in a patient with hereditary multiple exostoses |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22865159 |journal=Skeletal Radiology |volume=41 |issue=12 |pages=1637–1640 |doi=10.1007/s00256-012-1488-0 |issn=1432-2161 |pmid=22865159}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''We report a case of bilateral ischiofemoral impingement in a patient with hereditary multiple exostoses. The association of exostoses and femoral metaphyseal widening resulted in the narrowing of the ischiofemoral spaces.''

'''Wang YZ, Park KW, Oh CS, Ahn YS, Kang QL, Jung ST, Song HR. Developmental pattern of the hip in patients with hereditary multiple exostoses. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2015;16:54'''''.'' '''https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4429362/&lt;nowiki/&gt;.'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Wang |first=Ya-Zhou |last2=Park |first2=Kwang-Won |last3=Oh |first3=Chang-Seon |last4=Ahn |first4=Yeong-Seub |last5=Kang |first5=Qing-Lin |last6=Jung |first6=Sung-Taek |last7=Song |first7=Hae-Ryong |date=2015-03-15 |title=Developmental pattern of the hip in patients with hereditary multiple exostoses |url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4429362/ |journal=BMC musculoskeletal disorders |volume=16 |pages=54 |doi=10.1186/s12891-015-0514-5 |issn=1471-2474 |pmc=4429362 |pmid=25888017}}&lt;/ref&gt; '''C'''''oxa valga is a common clinical feature of hereditary multiple exostoses (HME). The current study aimed to determine the unique developmental pattern of the hip in patients with HME and evaluate the factors that influence its progression.''

'''Wiater JM, Farley FA. Popliteal pseudoaneurysm caused by an adjacent osteochondroma: a case report and review of the literature. Am J Orthop (Belle Mead NJ). 1999 Jul;28(7):412-6. PMID: 10426440.'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Wiater |first=J. M. |last2=Farley |first2=F. A. |date=1999-07 |title=Popliteal pseudoaneurysm caused by an adjacent osteochondroma: a case report and review of the literature |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10426440 |journal=American Journal of Orthopedics |volume=28 |issue=7 |pages=412–416 |issn=1078-4519 |pmid=10426440}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''A male 17-year-old with multiple hereditary exostoses presented with a mass in the distal left thigh several days after lifting weights. An arteriogram showed a popliteal artery pseudoaneurysm adjacent to a femoral osteochondroma. The osteochondroma was excised and the artery was repaired with a saphenous vein interposition graft. A review of the literature identified 23 similar reports. The average age of the patients was 21.3 years. Seventy-eight percent were men and half of the patients had multiple hereditary exostoses. Ten patients were initially misdiagnosed. The clinician should consider the diagnosis of pseudoaneurysm in a young patient with an osteochondroma and a mass about the knee.''

'''Zaijun L, Xinhai Y, Zhipeng W, Wending H, Quan H, Zhenhua Z, Dapeng F, Jisheng Z, Wei Z, Jianru X. 2013. Outcome and prognosis of myelopathy and radiculopathy from osteochondroma in the mobile spine: a report on 14 patients. J Spinal Disord Tech 26:194–199.''' ''Fourteen symptomatic spinal osteochondroma (OC)  cases, including 2 hereditary multiple exostoses, were treated surgically from 2001 to 2010.''

= People and books with HME: =
[[w:Deena_Larsen|Deena Larsen]] wrote about her mother at http://www.deenalarsen.net/firs

Irv Rosenfeld wrote about his experiences with medical marijuana from the U.S. government in My Medicine.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=MY MEDICINE |url=https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/22078567-my-medicine |access-date=2026-07-15 |website=Goodreads |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

= Spanish Translation =


Problemas de deficiencia de proteoglicano de sulfato de heparán (HSPG). La MHE es el resultado de una mutación en los genes EXT1 y EXT2. Los pacientes con MHE tienen una biosíntesis de HSPG defectuosa: sus cuerpos no producen HSPG (cf Cueller et al. 2013 y Jones et al. 2014). Los HSPG son parte de cada superficie celular y regulan los procesos biológicos (cf Zak et al. 2002, Meneghetti et al. 2015). Desempeñan un papel vital en la adhesión, migración, crecimiento y comunicación celular (Vicente et al. 2018). Whitlock e Iozzo (2005) han identificado varias enfermedades relacionadas con la ausencia de HSPG (es decir, si un proceso corporal requiere HSPG y no hay suficiente HSPG para completar esa función, entonces podrían ocurrir estos problemas). Los pacientes con MHE han reportado síntomas como:

* Baja masa ósea (Nozawa et al. 2018 y Matsumoto et al. 2020)
* Deficiencias neurológicas: Trastorno del espectro autista (Li et al, 2002, Fumitoshi et al. 2012, Irie et al, 2012, Yamaguchi 2012, Perez et al. 2015, Kambouris et al. 2016, Kim et al 2022); y problemas cognitivos (Farhan et al. 2015)
* Demencia frontotemporal (Narvid et al. 2009) y TDAH (Mooney et al. 2016), función cerebral (Condomitti y Wit 2018). Vea también el vídeo de ratones MHE en &lt;nowiki&gt;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6-EXRt_YL6A&lt;/nowiki&gt;.
* Enfermedades oculares (Park y Shukla, 2013)
* Defectos dentales (Kucukesmen et al. 2007 y Wiweger et al. 2012)
* Prediabetes (Heibert 2021)Diabetes y dificultad para controlar la glucosa (Matsuzawa 2021)
* Reacciones medicamentosas inusuales (muchos medicamentos actúan sobre el dominio de unión del heparán [Boer y Gaillard 2007]) 
* Fatiga severa y continua (Berg et al. 1999)
* Problemas gástricos graves, incluidas úlceras no causadas por H. pylori (Ascencio et al. 1993 y Chmiela et al. 1995), cáncer gástrico (Weihua et al. 2002) y síndrome de vómitos cíclicos (Kucukesmen et al. 2007 y Theoharides et al. 1999)
* Cálculos renales y otros problemas (véase Van den Born et al. 1993 y Farhan et al. 2015)
* Vértigo e hiperacusia (Lundberg et al., 2014) y migrañas
* Problemas pulmonares (Nackerts et al. 1997 y Haeger et al. 2016)
* Anemia (Poli et al. 2017), coágulos sanguíneos y coagulación (Stringer y Gallagher 1997 y Ho et al. 1997), pseudoaneurismas (Wiater y Farley 1996 y Harari et al. 2024)
* Problemas menstruales y de embarazo extremadamente dolorosos (Alphin et al. 1988, Yin et al. 2018)
* Inflamación (Parroquia 2005); cicatrización lenta de heridas (Zhongjun et al. 2004); cicatrices y queloides (Hosalkar et al. 2007, y problemas del tejido conectivo (Forsberg y Kjellen, 2001 y Otsuka et al. 2020).
* Funciones hepáticas (Arnold et al. 2020 y Dituri et al. 2022)
* Funciones del colesterol y los lípidos (Kolsett y Salmverta 1999) y Síntesis de vitamina D (Cooper 2021)  '''Problemas de crecimiento óseo.''' En la MHE, la falta de HSPG hace que los pacientes desarrollen exostosis, que son tumores benignos en múltiples ubicaciones en todo el cuerpo (Brown 2008, Thompson 2011 y Mansouri et al. 2017). La gravedad (número y tamaño de los tumores y otras complicaciones) de la MHE varía de un paciente a otro. Las exostosis en sí mismas pueden causar numerosos problemas, incluidos: irritación de tendones y músculos que produce dolor y pérdida de movimiento, deformidad esquelética, baja estatura, discrepancia en la longitud de las extremidades, subluxaciones y deformidad angular. Los problemas directamente asociados con estas exostosis incluyen:

* Dolor crónico y problemas con la calidad de vida (Goud et al. 2012)
* Inflamación, respuestas inmunitarias (Callaghan et al. 2018 y Collins y Troeberg 2019)
* Formación de bursa y bursitis resultante, así como artritis de aparición temprana.
* Problemas respiratorios y pulmonares al estar sobre costillas que sobresalen hacia la cavidad torácica (Mazza et al. 2017)
* Irritación de un nervio cercano (dolor, debilidad, entumecimiento, hormigueo)
* Aneurisma de vasos sanguíneos por exostosis que presionan los vasos sanguíneos u otros problemas vasculares (Albokhari et al. 2023)
* Problemas de compresión de la médula espinal: incontinencia, daño nerv'''Résumé de la MEM pour les médecins et les écoles'''

== References ==</text>
      <sha1>le9cwwucz85mym0qoj5ddnyuozlr6ao</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4680499</id>
      <parentid>4680498</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T17:07:51Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>LoveElectronicLiterature</username>
        <id>3414389</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* See also (MHE sites and resources) */ added Deena Larsen's work</comment>
      <origin>4680499</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="118702" sha1="gv0t0qfpd7zydjscga9grd4bksoni08" xml:space="preserve">{{new book}}
[[W: Hereditary Multiple Exostoses|Hereditary Multiple Exostoses]] (HME) is a rare disease. It is also referred to as Multiple Hereditary Exostoses (MHE), Hereditary Multiple Osteochondromas (HMO), and Multiple Osteochondromas (MO). 

== Bone Issues ==
The first sign of HME is usually multiple bone tumors. See the online Multiple Osteochondromas Mutation Database  for an overview of the reported variants.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Jennes |first=Ivy |last2=Pedrini |first2=Elena |last3=Zuntini |first3=Monia |last4=Mordenti |first4=Marina |last5=Balkassmi |first5=Sahila |last6=Asteggiano |first6=Carla G. |last7=Casey |first7=Brett |last8=Bakker |first8=Bert |last9=Sangiorgi |first9=Luca |last10=Wuyts |first10=Wim |date=2009 |title=Multiple osteochondromas: mutation update and description of the multiple osteochondromas mutation database (MOdb) |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/humu.21123 |journal=Human Mutation |language=en |volume=30 |issue=12 |pages=1620–1627 |doi=10.1002/humu.21123 |issn=1098-1004}}&lt;/ref&gt;  In MHE, the lack of HSPG causes patients to develop exostoses, which are benign tumors in multiple locations throughout the body (Brown 2008, Thompson 2011, and Mansouri et al. 2017). The severity (number and size of tumors and other complications) for MHE varies from patient to patient. Exostoses themselves can cause numerous problems including: irritation of tendons and muscles resulting in pain and loss of motion, skeletal deformity, short stature, limb length discrepancy, subluxations, and angular deformity, with a chance for chondrosarcoma (Fei et al. 2018). Problems directly associated with these exostoses include:

* Chronic pain and issues with quality of life (Goud et al. 2012,&lt;ref name=&quot;:9&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Pain, Physical and Social Functioning, and... : Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery |url=https://www.ovid.com/jnls/jbjsjournal/fulltext/10.2106/jbjs.k.00406~pain-physical-and-social-functioning-and-quality-of-life-in |access-date=2026-07-16 |website=Ovid |language=en |doi=10.2106/JBJS.K.00406}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bathen et al. 2019, Tremorsini 2025)
* Inflammation, immune responses (Callaghan et al. 2018, Collins and Troeberg 2019)  
* Bursa formation (Rueda et al. 2025) and resulting bursitis as well as early onset arthritis 
* Breathing and lung issues when on ribs protruding into the thoracic cavity (Mazza et al. 2017)
*  Irritation of a nearby nerve (pain, weakness, numbness, tingling) 
*  Blood vessel aneurysm from exostoses pressing on blood vessels or other vascular problems (Albokhari et al. 2023)
* Spinal cord compression issues: incontinence, nerve damage and nerve problems associated with spinal tumors (Bari et al. 2012, Burki et al. 2011, Zaijun et al. 2013, Montgomery et al. 2019, and Monroig-Rivera et al. 2025)

== List of associated issues ==
'''Heparan Sulfate ProteoGlycan (HSPG) Deficiency Issues.''' MHE results from a mutation in the EXT1 and EXT2 genes.  MHE patients have defective HSPG biosynthesis--their bodies do not produce HSPG ('''cf''' Cueller et al. 2013, Jones et al,. 2014, and Pacifici et al. 2019&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Pacifici |first=Maurizio |date=2018-10 |title=The pathogenic roles of heparan sulfate deficiency in hereditary multiple exostoses |url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6015767/ |journal=Matrix Biology: Journal of the International Society for Matrix Biology |volume=71-72 |pages=28–39 |doi=10.1016/j.matbio.2017.12.011 |issn=1569-1802 |pmc=6015767 |pmid=29277722}}&lt;/ref&gt;).  HSPGs are part of every cell surface and regulate biological processes ( '''cf''' Zak et al. 2002, Meneghetti et al. 2015). HSPGs  play a vital role in cell adhesion, migration, growth, and communication (Bishop et al. 20017, Kempf et al 2017, Vicente et al. 2018). Whitlock and Iozzo (2005) have identified '''various diseases related to HSPG's absence''' (i.e., i'''f a body process requires HSPG and there is not enough HSPG to complete that function, then these issues could occur).  MHErs reported symptoms such as:'''

* Severe and continuing fatigue (Berg et al. 1999, Bathen 2019) 
* Neurological deficiencies: Autism Spectrum Disorder (Fumitoshi et al. 2012,  Irie et al, 2012, Yamaguchi 2012, Perez et al. 2015, Kambouris et al. 2016, Kim et al 2022); cognitive issues (Farhan et al. 2015); tremors (Aldunate et al. 2004). 
* Sleep disorders (Clark 2022, Chen 2023)
* Vertigo and hyperacusis (Lundberg et al., 2014) 
* Low bone mass (Nozawa et al. 2018 and Matsumoto et al. 2020) 
* Severe gastric issues  (Huang et al. 2018, Rueda et al. 2025) , including non ''H. Pylori'' ulcers (Ascencio et al. 1993 and Chmiela et al. 1995), gastric cancer (Weihua et al. 2002) and Cyclic Vomiting Syndrome (Kucukesmen et al. 2007)
* Fronto-temporal dementia (Narvid et al. 2009) and ADHD (Mooney et al. 2016), brain function (Condomitti and Wit 2018). Also see video of MHE mice at &lt;nowiki&gt;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6-EXRt_YL6A&lt;/nowiki&gt;.
* Eyesight/ocular diseases (Park and Shukla, 2013)
* Dental defects (Kucukesmen et al. 2007 and Wiweger et al. 2012)
* Prediabetes  (Heibert 2021)Diabetes and glucose difficulty (Matsuzawa 2021)
* Unusual drug reactions (many drugs act on heparan-binding domain [Boer and Gaillard 2007])
* Kidney stones and other problems (See Van den Born et al. 1993 and Farhan et al. 2015)
* Lung issues (Nackerts et al. 1997 and Haeger et al. 2016)
* Anemia (Poli et al. 2017), blood clots and coagulation (Stringer and Gallagher 1997 and Ho et al. 1997), psuedoaneurysms (Wiater and Farley 1996 and Harari et al. 2024)
* Extremely painful menstruation and pregnancy issues (Alphin et al. 1988, Yin et al. 2018)
* Inflammation (Parish 2005); slow wound healing (Zhongjun et al. 2004); scarring and keloids  (Hosalkar et al. 2007)
* Connective tissue issues (Forsberg and Kjellen, 2001 and Otsuka et al. 2020).
* Liver functions (Arnold et al. 2020 and Dituri et al. 2022)
* Cholesterol and lipid functions (Kolsett and Salmverta 1999)
* Deficient Vitamin D synthesis (Cooper 2021)

== Children's Corner ==

=== Teach your child to live with MHE ===
You just got a diagnosis for your child and you are terrified for their life.  Yeah, MHE sucks. And it is a life-long, untreatable disease. Sure you can have surgery, sure, physical therapy helps. But the underlying condition will be there every day for the rest of your life. So. How can you prepare your child to live successfully with MHE?

* '''Believe their pain.''' MHE can have some strange symptoms. Even the bones can subluxate (go in and out) within seconds, so the kid who could not walk two minutes ago is running now. Believe your child. Do not let the doctors gaslight you or your child into pretending that nothing is wrong.
* '''Let your child master their pain.''' Give your child as much control and autonomy as possible. Provide a &quot;pain corner&quot; with comfy pillows, their favorite toys, quiet activities, warmies or coolies. Let your child go to that pain area whenever they feel the need--when they are tired or in pain. This lets them regulate their own pain and functions. 
* '''Teach your child to brainstorm and plan around problems.''' Pain and limited mobility may limit certain options, but life still goes on. So when your child can not do something, brainstorm with them. Use your imaginations. You can not climb these steps. Ok, how can you get into the room? Can you slide on your butt? Should we get a giraffe from next door to help out? (Throw in silly suggestions because that expands their imagination and puts a bit of humor into the situation.) 

=== Advocate for your child with HME in schools ===
It is vital to advocate for your child so that they can work well in schools. Here are some suggested ways to ask for accommodations for this complex disease. Note that not every child will need all of these accommodations. 

My child has MHE, which involves bony bumps on their bones that can vary in size, location, and number as well as some neurological and other physical symptoms.Accommodations are needed for my child’s symptoms, which include:

*  '''Limited mobility.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Amajjar |first=Ihsane |last2=Vergauwen |first2=Kuni |last3=Willigenburg |first3=Nienke W. |last4=Huijnen |first4=Ivan P. J. |last5=Smeets |first5=Rob J. E. M. |last6=Ham |first6=S. John |date=2025-05-30 |title=Physical activity level and health-related quality of life in adults with multiple osteochondromas: a Dutch cross-sectional study |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-025-02812-3 |journal=Scientific Reports |language=en |volume=15 |issue=1 |pages=18990 |doi=10.1038/s41598-025-02812-3 |issn=2045-2322}}&lt;/ref&gt;''' Allow my child to participate in sports and in activities to the best of their abilities. When starting something new, allow my child to go last and ask my child privately if they can perform that action. If not, quietly allow them to pursue a different prearranged activity. Note that mobility changes daily and sometimes hourly, depending on the bone growth stages, whether muscle has moved over a bone growth,  or other complications.
*  '''Neurological symptoms'''. My child has Asperger-like and ADHD symptoms,&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Irie |first=Fumitoshi |last2=Badie-Mahdavi |first2=Hedieh |last3=Yamaguchi |first3=Yu |date=2012-03-27 |title=Autism-like socio-communicative deficits and stereotypies in mice lacking heparan sulfate |url=https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.1117881109 |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |volume=109 |issue=13 |pages=5052–5056 |doi=10.1073/pnas.1117881109}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Irie |first=Fumitoshi |last2=Badie-Mahdavi |first2=Hedieh |last3=Yamaguchi |first3=Yu |date=2012-03-27 |title=Autism-like socio-communicative deficits and stereotypies in mice lacking heparan sulfate |url=https://pnas.org/doi/full/10.1073/pnas.1117881109 |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |language=en |volume=109 |issue=13 |pages=5052–5056 |doi=10.1073/pnas.1117881109 |issn=0027-8424 |pmc=3323986 |pmid=22411800}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Pérez |first=Christine |last2=Sawmiller |first2=Darrell |last3=Tan |first3=Jun |date=2016-04-18 |title=The role of heparan sulfate deficiency in autistic phenotype: potential involvement of Slit/Robo/srGAPs-mediated dendritic spine formation |url=https://doi.org/10.1186/s13064-016-0066-x |journal=Neural Development |language=en |volume=11 |issue=1 |pages=11 |doi=10.1186/s13064-016-0066-x |issn=1749-8104 |pmc=4836088 |pmid=27089953}}&lt;/ref&gt; so please engage all measures for children on the spectrum as well as ADHD. Bone tumors on the spine can also create neurological issues.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Hereditary-multiple-exostoses-causing-cord-Bari-Alam/4687ea7d1225f1ecf4ecf4742a794f84576dce6d/figure/0 |access-date=2026-07-15 |website=www.semanticscholar.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; Please understand that bright lights or sound may cause pain or other issues. Please report any behavioral issues so that we can determine if MHE may be underlying these problems and we can address the issues with reasonable accommodations and an Individual Education Plan.
*  '''Frequent pain and fatigue&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Mitchell |first=Christina M. |last2=Beals |first2=Janette |last3=Whitesell |first3=Nancy Rumbaugh |last4=Voices of Indian Teens team |last5=Pathways of Choice team |date=2008-09 |title=Alcohol use among American Indian high school youths from adolescence and young adulthood: a latent Markov model |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18781241 |journal=Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs |volume=69 |issue=5 |pages=666–675 |issn=1937-1888 |pmc=2575396 |pmid=18781241}}&lt;/ref&gt;'''. If my child is in pain or is tired, allow them to rest in preplanned area with preplanned quiet activities (reading, watching an educational video, etc.). This area should be equipped with a heating pad and medication should be dispensed as agreed upon by me and the school.  
* '''Writing difficulties'''.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; My child may have extra bones on their wrists or hands, making writing painful. Please allow my child to use a computer.  Typing may be slow and please allow other software such as Dragon Naturally Speaking or Otter AI.
*  '''Coordination difficulties'''. My child may have neurological difficulties and problems coordinating eyesight. Please allow more time for tests if needed. Administer tests that require filling in bubbles in an alternative method.
* '''Incontinence/Vomiting'''. Please allow my child free access to the restroom without requiring a pass for sudden issues. Keep a spare set of clothing at the school in case of accidents.
* '''Hall passes.'''  Give my child access to the nurse and bathroom as they determine that they need to go. My child may have bathroom urgencies or need to get pain medication quickly. My child may also have a limb that has &quot;gone out&quot; or stopped working for a few seconds to a few days and will need to attend to that medical urgency. 

=== Advocation Laws and Directives ===
In U.S. cite Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act.


= How to Respond to Doctors =
There are suggested treatment protocols for MHE (see Rueda et al., 2025). However, MHE is a rare disease, and you will probably be the first patient that a medical practitioner has ever seen with this disease.  Try to be patient with the doctors and get doctors who work with you as a partner--you having lived with MHE do know a lot about your body! Ill-informed or too-busy doctors often rely on research that is outdated or inaccurate. Here are some common misconceptions that a doctor might tell you and how to respond. Before you go to the doctor, write out your questions. Take someone with you to take notes. Advocate for yourself! 

1.'''I have never seen an MHE patient. Surely this is just a bone condition!''' The condition involves much more than bone growths. MHErs do not biosynthesize heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPG), in much the same way that diabetics do not biosynthesize insulin (see Cueller et al. 2013 and Jones et al. 2014). Those HSPGs play a vital role in pretty much every single cell and every system in a human body (Bishop et al. 2017). Therefore, since I do not have sufficient levels of HSPG, I can have many different problems. Let's rule out anything comorbid (in other words, any other disease I might have at the same time). IF we can not find something to explain the cause of my symptoms of {REPEAT YOUR SYMPTOMS HERE} then we can blame the MHE and treat the symptoms.

'''2. You do not feel pain. It is just stress.'''  Bone does not have nerves, therefore there is no pain.  Even if that were true (which it is not--see Nencini and Ivanusic 2016&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Nencini |first=Sara |last2=Ivanusic |first2=Jason J. |date=2016-04-26 |title=The Physiology of Bone Pain. How Much Do We Really Know? |url=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/physiology/articles/10.3389/fphys.2016.00157/full |journal=Frontiers in Physiology |language=English |volume=7 |doi=10.3389/fphys.2016.00157 |issn=1664-042X |pmc=4844598 |pmid=27199772}}&lt;/ref&gt; for example ), then you wouldn't mind putting a stone in your shoe, right? Because the stone would not feel any pain. Oh, you wouldn't like that because it might hurt? Really? Ok. So I have an extra bone (LIKE A STONE) where there should only be muscle, nerve, and ligaments (LIKE A FOOT). For MHE-specific pain studies, see Darilek et al. 2005.

3. '''Your MHE did not cause x symptom.'''  I had one MHE patient (or read a case study) and they did not have x symptom, so therefore you do not have x symptom (or x symptom is unrelated). MHE is a rare and complex disease. Sometimes medical professionals will resort to explanations of hypochondria or Munchausens to explain away something that they do not understand. MHE is different for each patient, as there are different genetic mutations (EXT1, EXT2, EXT3 genes all play a role, as well as your other genetic profiles). There is not enough research to determine whether your symptoms are or are not caused by MHE. It is best to work with a doctor who will look for causes and accept that your MHE is not the same as anyone else's--including your own family members. Also, look at the list below for similar case studies on HME.  

'''4. No one else has had that reaction to that drug. You are lying or mistaken.''' No. HSPG plays a role in nearly every body function and is assumed to be present. My body does not produce HSPG. Therefore my drug interactions may well differ!&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Boer |first=A. G. de |last2=Gaillard |first2=P. J. |date=2007-02-10 |title=Drug Targeting to the Brain |url=https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev.pharmtox.47.120505.105237 |journal=Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology |language=en |volume=47 |issue=Volume 47, 2007 |pages=323–355 |doi=10.1146/annurev.pharmtox.47.120505.105237 |issn=0362-1642}}&lt;/ref&gt;  

5. '''The bones do not grow past puberty. If they have, then it is cancer.''' While studies have assumed this, it is not true. This has not been well researched, because it is difficult to have full xrays and to monitor over a lifetime, which would be required for absolute proof. But while there is a slight chance of chondrosarcoma, other MHE patients have reported bone growth past puberty. See the pictures of the 92- year old woman's skeleton with MHE. Bones grew back over her surgeries at age 70 and 80. If bones do not grow back, how do you explain the growths on her implants?

=== Questions to ask doctors if you are not being taken seriously ===
'''Scripts to Use When You Feel Dismissed'''

'''• This is affecting my daily life. I can not function well with this problem.''' Show pictures. Keep a diary of your pain and what you are not able to do. For example: When the tumor on my rib prevents me from raising my arm, I can not dress myself or brush my hair. When the fatigue is so bad, I can not go to class. When the pain is over a 5 (slamming your hand in a car door) continually, then I can not think well.

'''• Yes, the test results you got were normal, but I have problems.''' However, there are no tests for Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans, which may play a role. Therefore, we need to look deeper. I still have these issues. Explain again that you have MHE and do not biosynthesize HSPG, which plays a role in every cell. Look for common problems--because of course you can still have those! But do not let the doctor gaslight you into thinking it is all in your head. If nothing else, look in Google Scholar with HSPG and your symptom. 

'''• I’m still concerned. Can we talk about next steps?'''  What can we do, and how long should we wait to see if that step works? Ask again about your specific symptom. There may be a medication to try, or physical therapy. Note what you have tried--keep a record!

'''Scripts for When Symptoms Are Minimized'''

'''• This may seem mild to you, but this is really affecting my life.''' Again, be specific. Use the analogy of a rock in your shoe or anything else that makes sense to you.

'''• I'm a zebra. I have a rare complex disease. What can we do?''' Again remind them that MHE is a complex systemic disease and the extra bones are only one symptom of a wider range of problems stemming from not biosynthesizing  HSPG. 

• '''While this may seem mild, I think it is part of an overall pattern. This symptom is persistent and worsening, which is why I’m concerned.''' (Keep a diary. Keep images over time). 

'''Scripts for Redirecting the Conversation'''

'''• I know my body is complex. But here is my main issue now--let's focus on that'''. Before your appointment, write out and send a list of your main symptoms. This is a complex disease and you will not get to everything.

• '''Can we  go back to what I mentioned earlier?''' I know that everything is connected, but I am most concerned about ... so I can live my life. Keep that list. Have someone else in the room taking notes on that list of symptoms. 

'''• Please send me a copy of my medical chart.''' I want to be sure my concern is documented in my chart. Always ask for a copy of your medical records, including doctors' notes.

'''Scripts for Asking for Clarification'''

• “Can you explain why you don’t think further evaluation is needed?” (MHE is a life long condition.)

• “What would be a red flag that should prompt me to follow up?” (Ask about red flags for chondrosarcoma)

• “If this doesn’t improve, what’s the next step?” (Get referrals.)

= See also (MHE sites and resources) =
MHE Learning System&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Home - MHE Learning System |url=https://mhels.org/ |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=mhels.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; a site for MHE patients to learn about the disease and to cope. 

MHE Research Foundation&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Home |url=https://www.mherf.org/ |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=website |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; a site to share MHE research.

YouTube -   [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1YdUFvXH1Kw Voices of MHE: Christine - YouTube]

Deena Larsen: Embodying My Mother's Bones&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Bodies of Knowledge |url=http://www.deenalarsen.net/firs/ |access-date=2026-11-06 |website=www.deenalarsen.net}}&lt;/ref&gt;

= Research and medical studies =
Italics after a citation is a sentence directly from that work that summarizes the main points for HME patients and their doctors. Please go to the actual study cited. 

== HME Specific studies ==

=== Summary studies ===
'''Rueda-de-Eusebio, A., Gomez-Pena, S., Moreno-Casado, M.J. et al. Hereditary multiple exostoses: an educational review. Insights Imaging 16, 46 (2025). &lt;nowiki&gt;https://doi.org/10.1186/s13244-025-01899-6&lt;/nowiki&gt;''' ''  This review summarises current knowledge on the clinical presentation, pathogenesis, imaging characteristics, complications, and treatment of HME.''

=== Autism and neurological issues ===
'''Yamaguchi, Yu. Research on rare bone disorder reveals new insights into autism. &lt;nowiki&gt;https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/857331&lt;/nowiki&gt; March 2012,''' ''Sanford-Burnham researchers discover the molecular basis of autistic symptoms in children with a rare bone disorder -- findings that also provide new insights for the general autistic population.Researchers at Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute (Sanford-Burnham) used a mouse model of MHE to investigate cognitive function. They found that mice with a genetic defect that models human MHE show symptoms that meet the three defining characteristics of autism: social impairment, language deficits, and repetitive behavior.''

See associated video presentations:

[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9SmRRG03zxo Yu Yamaguchi, M.D., Ph.D. - Consequences of Genetic Deficiency]

'Heparan Sulfate, Hereditary Multiple Exostoses, and Autism: Insight from a Rare Disease for a Common Disease&quot; at the Third Annual Rare Disease Day Symposium at Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute. The symposium took place at Sanford-Burnham's La Jolla campus on February 24, 2012 and the focus was Glycosylation-Based Disorders: Discovery, Patients, and Progress Toward Treatments.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |last=Sanford Burnham Prebys |title=Yu Yamaguchi, M.D., Ph.D. |date=2012-03-05 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6-EXRt_YL6A |access-date=2026-09-10}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Heparan Sulfate and Human Diseases, March 5, 2012.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Yu Yamaguchi, M.D., Ph.D. |url=https://www.google.com/search?hl=en-US&amp;hl=en&amp;client=mobilesearchapp&amp;sca_esv=16067ccfc9d0a6cf&amp;channel=iss&amp;rlz=1MDAPLA_enUS667US667&amp;v=437.4.973319807&amp;q=yu+yamaguchi+video&amp;docid=8EyS2A5A5MmJHM&amp;ibp=video&amp;shem=epsd1,ivsple,rimspwouoe&amp;shndl=41&amp;shmd=H4sIAAAAAAAA_42Rz24TMRDGVeDUN4DTqAcqoc0mjUC0kSqUNG0DYkubRKjtbeqdjU3W9uIZN9kbD8UD8Cw8Aw-AFwTiABInW_Pnm983s_vt0e7jmwg3aHEVlTYZFPk0z-BSp-fJWos0POr3yanQNkJlT-7cIF-xoBiVK2_7JnUSv_p4nDKj8UV5dK6u3hWzKb-_qm6ro_nJ4banr882L9qLw_CB2nYwtJNC3Rer2Uu3vOXx9eYpHx8Mnn19-E-QDHwFC3SVD2VvEoPTaKGg0iisYU5MGJSG147FSBSCJqSYEwZtGATrdQZ7-zNqMKCDRawrFMpgRiFJCIYWiliLaWqC061n8UycAboSxlEM21EnbVZaoAreAsIcA8HUpLlMkKBS6MRb692v4B6ggGiCpTYhyTgXO9I_26bYwqK1jWcTbVf-__7yJEvAv5vF-zU0NSr6i84-w1uEN76uERTaJjIkzjO6C7FzPnyewXBwMPxhtyOuvEolG2Q4r1vlua3Tqb3rTRJ02dEnbQo86r7K31No05FSSbfvn0u7DH6VDsCw9BtM7peBUGyXz7dfHnza-bzzHdtbemZ3AgAA&amp;shmds=v1_ARwrE22JjgnjP0eJT9xgIFMVGTFJDAswWntiJI2oXY3-HEfR1A&amp;source=sh/x/vid/m1/5&amp;kgs=82929becb69767fb&amp;utm_source=epsd1,ivsple,rimspwouoe,sh/x/vid/m1/5#fpstate=ive&amp;vld=cid:911b02e3,vid:6-EXRt_YL6A,st:0 |access-date=2026-09-10 |website=www.google.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Pain, disability, and fatigue ===
'''Amajjar I, Vergauwen K, Willigenburg NW, Huijnen IPJ, Smeets RJEM, Ham SJ, 2025, Scientific report. Physical activity level and health-related quality of life in adults with multiple osteochondromas: a Dutch cross-sectional study. 2045-2322, 2025 May 30, Vol. 15, Issue 1'''&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; ''Multiple Osteochondromas (MO) can significantly impact physical functioning,..These results underscore the need for targeted interventions focusing on pain management, psychological factors, and lifestyle changes to improve both PAL and HRQOL in MO patients.''

'''Bathen T, Fredwall S, Steen U, 2019. Fatigue and pain in children and adults with multiple osteochondromas in Norway, a cross-sectional study. International journal of orthopaedic and trauma nursing [Int J Orthop Trauma Nurs] 2019 Aug; Vol. 34, pp. 28-35. Date of Electronic Publication: 2019 Feb 10.  ISSN: 18781241''' &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; ''Background: Multiple Osteochondromas (MO) is a rare skeletal disorder frequently needing orthopaedic surgery. High prevalence of pain has been reported, however fatigue has not previously been investigated.'' ''Results: Children with MO reported significantly higher fatigue than healthy children. Adults reported significantly higher fatigue than the general Norwegian population. Six of 11 children and 20 of 21 adults reported pain. Severe fatigue was more prevalent in persons with high age, high pain intensity and many pain locations; however none of these differences were significant.''

'''Darilek, Sandra MS*; Wicklund, Catherine MS†; Novy, Diane PhD‡; Scott, Allison MD§; Gambello, Michael MD, PhD*; Johnston, Dennis PhD¶; Hecht, Jacqueline PhD*. Hereditary Multiple Exostosis and Pain. Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics 25(3):p 369-376, May 2005. | DOI: 10.1097/01.bpo.0000150813.18673.''' ''This study was undertaken to characterize pain in individuals with hereditary multiple exostosis (HME).  Eighty-four percent of participants reported having pain, indicating that pain is a real problem in HME.''

'''Goud, A. L., de Lange, J., Scholtes, V. A. B., Bulstra, S. K., &amp; Ham, S. J. (2012). Pain, Physical and Social Functioning, and Quality of Life in Individuals with Multiple Hereditary Exostoses in the Netherlands. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery-American Volume, 94A(11), 1013-1020. &lt;nowiki&gt;https://doi.org/10.2106/JBJS.K.00406&lt;/nowiki&gt;.'''&lt;ref name=&quot;:9&quot; /&gt; ''Our study confirms that multiple hereditary exostoses is a chronic disease causing a profound impact on quality of life. The results suggest that pain is not the only problem associated with multiple hereditary exostoses, as it has an extensive influence on daily activities, as well as on social and psychological well-being, causing significant disability.''

'''Tremosini, M., Morri, M., Forni, C., Pedrini, E., Mordenti, M., Gnoli, M., Di Cecco, A., Moroni, A., &amp; Sangiorgi, L. (2025). Pain in patients with multiple inherited osteochondromas: Incidence and potential prognostic factors. Journal of Bone Oncology, 52, 100672.''' ''Purpose: the purpose of this study was to describe the baseline characteristics, presenting phenotype and treatment interventions for patients diagnosed with multiple osteochondromas who presented with severe pain'' ''symptoms. .Conclusion: from the early stages of multiple osteochondromas diagnosis, pain symptoms must be carefully assessed. An increase in age is associated with a worsening of pain; IOR classification of the multiple osteo-chondromas phenotype does not currently allow an association between the various classes and pain. A re-evaluation of the classification in this light could be an important new element for clinical practice.''

=== Bone growth complications ===
'''Burki, Vincent, Alexander So, Bérengère Aubry-Rozier, 2011. Cervical myelopathy in hereditary multiple exostoses, Joint Bone Spine, Volume 78, Issue 4, &lt;nowiki&gt;https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbspin.2011.02.021&lt;/nowiki&gt;'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Burki |first=Vincent |last2=So |first2=Alexander |last3=Aubry-Rozier |first3=Bérengère |date=2011-07 |title=Cervical myelopathy in hereditary multiple exostoses |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1297319X11000558 |journal=Joint Bone Spine |language=en |volume=78 |issue=4 |pages=412–414 |doi=10.1016/j.jbspin.2011.02.021}}&lt;/ref&gt;'''.''' ''Spinal cord compression due to cervical exostoses is a rare but recognized complication of hereditary multiple exostosis (HME), an autosomal dominant disorder. This disease, also called multiple osteochondromatosis, is characterised by osteocartilaginous exostoses, typically involving the juxtaepiphyseal regions of long bones. Complications such as transformation to sarcoma (1 to 5%) or neurological compression (of the spinal cord, 1 to 9%) can arise during the course of the disease.''

'''Bukowska-Olech Ewelina, Trzebiatowska Wiktoria, Czech Wiktor, Drzymała Olga, Frąk Piotr, Klarowski Franciszek, Kłusek Piotr, Szwajkowska Anna, Jamsheer Aleksander, Hereditary Multiple Exostoses—A Review of the Molecular Background, Diagnostics, and Potential Therapeutic Strategies. &lt;nowiki&gt;https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fgene.2021.759129&lt;/nowiki&gt; '''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Bukowska-Olech |first=Ewelina |last2=Trzebiatowska |first2=Wiktoria |last3=Czech |first3=Wiktor |last4=Drzymała |first4=Olga |last5=Frąk |first5=Piotr |last6=Klarowski |first6=Franciszek |last7=Kłusek |first7=Piotr |last8=Szwajkowska |first8=Anna |last9=Jamsheer |first9=Aleksander |date=2021-12-10 |title=Hereditary Multiple Exostoses—A Review of the Molecular Background, Diagnostics, and Potential Therapeutic Strategies |url=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/genetics/articles/10.3389/fgene.2021.759129/full |journal=Frontiers in Genetics |language=English |volume=12 |doi=10.3389/fgene.2021.759129 |issn=1664-8021 |pmc=8704583 |pmid=34956317}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''' '''''Hereditary multiple exostoses (HMEs) syndrome, also known as multiple osteochondromas, represents a rare and severe human skeletal disorder. The disease may severely affect the quality of patients’ life due to motion impairments, skeletal deformations, chronic pain, or growth retardation and possibility of malignant transformation of exostoses.''

'''Matsumoto, K., Ogawa, H., Nozawa, S. et al. An analysis of osteoporosis in patients with hereditary multiple exostoses. Osteoporos Int 31, 2355–2361 (2020). &lt;nowiki&gt;https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-020-05533-7&lt;/nowiki&gt;'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Matsumoto |first=K. |last2=Ogawa |first2=H. |last3=Nozawa |first3=S. |last4=Akiyama |first4=H. |date=2020-12-01 |title=An analysis of osteoporosis in patients with hereditary multiple exostoses |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-020-05533-7 |journal=Osteoporosis International |language=en |volume=31 |issue=12 |pages=2355–2361 |doi=10.1007/s00198-020-05533-7 |issn=1433-2965}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''We analyzed osteoporosis in 20 HME patients. Our results indicate HME patients have low bone mass. They do not have abnormal bone metabolism.''

'''Phan, A. Q., Pacifici, M., &amp; Esko, J. D. (2017). Advances in the pathogenesis and possible treatments for multiple hereditary exostoses from the 2016 international MHE conference. Connective Tissue Research, 59(1), 85–98. &lt;nowiki&gt;https://doi.org/10.1080/03008207.2017.1394295&lt;/nowiki&gt;.'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/action/cookieAbsent |access-date=2026-07-16 |website=www.tandfonline.com |doi=10.1080/03008207.2017.1394295 |pmc=7604901 |pmid=29099240}}&lt;/ref&gt;''  MHE, also known as hereditary multiple exostoses (HME) or multiple osteochondromas (MO), is characterized by cartilage-capped outgrowths called osteochondromas that develop adjacent to the growth plates of skeletal elements in young patients. These benign tumors can affect growth plate function, leading to skeletal growth retardation, or deformations, and can encroach on nerves, tendons, muscles, and other surrounding tissues and cause motion impairment, chronic pain, and early onset osteoarthritis. In about 2–5% of patients, the osteochondromas can become malignant and life threatening.''

'''Stiever, JR., and J.P. Dormans (2005). Manifestations of hereditary multiple exostoses. Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, 13: 110-120'''''.'' '''&lt;nowiki&gt;https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15850368/&lt;/nowiki&gt;''' ''Hereditary multiple exostosis is an autosomal dominant disorder manifested by the presence of multiple osteochondromas. Linkage analysis has implicated mutations in the EXT gene family, resulting in an error in the regulation of normal chondrocyte proliferation and maturation that leads to abnormal bone growth. Although exostoses are benign lesions, they are often associated with characteristic progressive skeletal deformities and may cause clinical symptoms. Patients with hereditary multiple exostosis have a slight risk of sarcomatous transformation of the cartilaginous portion of the exostosis.''

=== '''Screening and treatment''' ===
'''Fei, Li,  Clara Ngoh, Daniel E. Porter, Chondrosarcoma transformation in hereditary multiple exostoses: A systematic review and clinical and cost-effectiveness of a proposed screening model, Journal of Bone Oncology, Volume 13, 2018, Pages 114-122, ISSN 2212-1374, &lt;nowiki&gt;https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbo.2018.09.011&lt;/nowiki&gt;.'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Fei |first=Li |last2=Ngoh |first2=Clara |last3=Porter |first3=Daniel E. |date=2018-11-01 |title=Chondrosarcoma transformation in hereditary multiple exostoses: A systematic review and clinical and cost-effectiveness of a proposed screening model |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2212137418300903 |journal=Journal of Bone Oncology |volume=13 |pages=114–122 |doi=10.1016/j.jbo.2018.09.011 |issn=2212-1374 |pmc=6303411 |pmid=30591865}}&lt;/ref&gt;''  The most serious complication of hereditary multiple exostoses (HME) is chondrosarcoma transformation. Three HME screening strategies were then developed and compared using cost per life-year gained and incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER).''

'''Hosalkar, Harish MD, MBMS (Ortho), FCPS (Ortho), DNB (Ortho)*; Greenberg, Jared MD†; Gaugler, Rebecca L. BS‡; Garg, Sumeet MD§; Dormans, John P. MD∥, 2007. Abnormal Scarring With Keloid Formation After Osteochondroma Excision in Children With Multiple Hereditary Exostoses Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics: May 2007 - Volume 27 - Issue 3 - p 333-337 doi: 10.1097/BPO.0b013e3180326732'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Hosalkar |first=Harish |last2=Greenberg |first2=Jared |last3=Gaugler |first3=Rebecca L. |last4=Garg |first4=Sumeet |last5=Dormans |first5=John P. |date=2007-05 |title=Abnormal Scarring With Keloid Formation After Osteochondroma Excision in Children With Multiple Hereditary Exostoses |url=https://journals.lww.com/01241398-200704000-00017 |journal=Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics |language=en |volume=27 |issue=3 |pages=333–337 |doi=10.1097/BPO.0b013e3180326732 |issn=0271-6798}}&lt;/ref&gt;  ''Although this study has limited numbers, the results demonstrate a statistically significant correlation between keloid formation and MHE. The risk for abnormal scarring and keloid formation should be discussed with all patients before surgery.''

'''Monroig-Rivera, Carlos MD1; Bockhorn, Lauren MD1,2; Thornberg, David BS1; Santillan, Brenda BS1,2; Rathjen, Karl E. MD1,2,a. Prevalence of Osteochondromas in the Spine in Patients with Multiple Hereditary Exostoses. JBJS Open Access 10(1):e24.00072, January-March 2025. | DOI: 10.2106/JBJS.OA.24.00072.''' &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Monroig-Rivera |first=Carlos |last2=Bockhorn |first2=Lauren |last3=Thornberg |first3=David |last4=Santillan |first4=Brenda |last5=Rathjen |first5=Karl E. |date=2025-01 |title=Prevalence of Osteochondromas in the Spine in Patients with Multiple Hereditary Exostoses |url=https://journals.lww.com/10.2106/JBJS.OA.24.00072 |journal=JBJS Open Access |language=en |volume=10 |issue=1 |doi=10.2106/JBJS.OA.24.00072 |issn=2472-7245}}&lt;/ref&gt;''Although nearly half of the patients had spinal osteochondromas, neural impingement was rare (4%). Neither age, gender, nor the presence of rib and pelvic osteochondromas were associated with spinal involvement, osteochondromas in the canal, or neural impingement. This information can be used to guide clinical decision-making regarding the use of MRI scans for patient screening'''''.'''

'''Troxel, J., Fleury, I. G., &amp; Buckwalter V, J. A. (2025). Revisiting Sex Differences in Multiple Hereditary Exostoses (MHE): A Comprehensive Retrospective Analysis of Patient Characteristics and Surgical Patterns. ''Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics'', ''46''(3), 180–185.''' ''We examined 103 MHE-diagnosed patients treated at the University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics from June 2008 to March 2023.'' ''Our findings deviate from the commonly accepted male predominance in MHE, revealing an even male-female distribution.''

'''Van der Woude HJ, Flipsen M, Welsink C, Van der Zwan AL, Ham SJ, 2025. Is total-body MRI useful as a screening tool to rule out malignant progression in patients with multiple osteochondromas? Results in a single-center cohort of 319 adult patients. By''''':''  '''Skeletal radiology, 1432-2161, 2024 Jan, Vol. 53, Issue 1.'''''To evaluate the results of total-body (TB) MRI used as a screening tool for assessment or exclusion of malignant transformation in patients with hereditary multiple osteochondromas (HMO). Conclusion: TB-MRI can identify malignant transformation of osteochondromas in HMO patients. All peripheral chondrosarcomas occurred in flat bones (ribs, scapula, pelvis) in our study. TB-MRI might assist in triage between higher risk patients with a high burden of OC, including the location of OC in main flat bones vs lower risk patients without OC of the flat bones.''

'''Teeth'''

'''Wiweger, Malgorzata I. Wiweger, Zhe Zhao, Richard J. P. van Merkesteyn, Henry H. Roehl, and Pancras C. W. Hogendoorn, 2012. HSPG-Deficient Zebrafish Uncovers Dental Aspect of Multiple Osteochondromas. PLOS 1. &lt;nowiki&gt;https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0029734&lt;/nowiki&gt;'''''.'' ''Here we analyse dental defects present in ext2−/− fish. Histological analysis reveals that ext2−/− fish have very severe defects associated with the formation and the morphology of teeth. Our findings from zebrafish model were validated in a dental survey that was conducted with assistance of the MHE Research Foundation. The presence of the malformed and/or displaced teeth with abnormal enamel was declared by half of the respondents indicating that MO might indeed be also associated with dental problems.''

== Genetic studies (EXT genes) ==
As HME is associated with genetic issues on the EXT genes, here is a list of genetic studies:

'''Benoist-Lasselina, Catherine Emmanuel de Margerieb, Linda Gibbsa, Sarah Cormierc, Caroline Silvec, Gisèle Nicolasd, Martine LeMerrera, Jean-Francois Mallete, Arno­­­­ld Munnicha, Jacky Bonaventurea, Louise Zylberbergb, Laurence Legeai-Malleta,  2006.  ''Defective chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation in osteochondromas of MHE patients''. Bone, Volume 39, Issue 1, July 2006, Pages 17–26'''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Benoist-Lasselin |first=Catherine |last2=de Margerie |first2=Emmanuel |last3=Gibbs |first3=Linda |last4=Cormier |first4=Sarah |last5=Silve |first5=Caroline |last6=Nicolas |first6=Gisèle |last7=LeMerrer |first7=Martine |last8=Mallet |first8=Jean-Francois |last9=Munnich |first9=Arnold |last10=Bonaventure |first10=Jacky |last11=Zylberberg |first11=Louise |last12=Legeai-Mallet |first12=Laurence |date=2006-07 |title=Defective chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation in osteochondromas of MHE patients |url=http://www.thebonejournal.com/article/S8756-3282(05)00540-5/fulltext |journal=Bone |volume=39 |issue=1 |pages=17–26 |doi=10.1016/j.bone.2005.12.003 |issn=8756-3282}}&lt;/ref&gt; . ''Multiple hereditary exostoses (MHE) is an autosomal dominant skeletal disorder caused by mutations in one of the two EXT genes and characterized by multiple osteochondromas that generally arise near the ends of growing long bones.''

'''Busse-Wicher, Marta; Wicher, Krzysztof B.; Kusche-Gullberg, Marion (2014). &quot;The extostosin family: Proteins with many functions&quot;. Matrix Biology. Elsevier BV. 35: 25–33. doi:10.1016/j.matbio.2013.10.001. hdl:1956/10590. ISSN 0945-053X.''' ''Mutations in either EXT1 or EXT2 cause hereditary multiple osteochondromas (HMO), an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by bone deformities and cartilage-capped bony outgrowths, called exostoses or osteochondromas, at the ends of the long bones (reviewed in (Jennes et al., 2009)). HMO is one of the most common inherited skeletal disorders with an estimated incidence of 1–2 per 100 000 live births.''

'''Cuellar, A., Reddi, A.H. Cell biology of osteochondromas: Bone morphogenic protein signalling and heparan sulphates. International Orthopaedics (SICOT) 37, 1591–1596 (2013). &lt;nowiki&gt;https://doi.org/10.1007/s00264-013-1906-5&lt;/nowiki&gt;.'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Cuellar |first=Araceli |last2=Reddi |first2=A. Hari |date=2013-08-01 |title=Cell biology of osteochondromas: Bone morphogenic protein signalling and heparan sulphates |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s00264-013-1906-5 |journal=International Orthopaedics |language=en |volume=37 |issue=8 |pages=1591–1596 |doi=10.1007/s00264-013-1906-5 |issn=1432-5195 |pmc=3728397 |pmid=23771188}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''While factors for severity remain unknown, mutations in exostosin 1 and exostosin 2 genes, encoding glycosyltransferases involved in the biosynthesis of ubiquitously expressed heparan sulphate (HS) chains, are associated with MHE.''

'''Nozawa S, Inubushi T, Irie F, et al. Osteoblastic heparan sulfate regulates osteoprotegerin function and bone mass. JCI Insight. 2018;3(3):e89624. Published 2018 Feb 8. doi:10.1172/jci.insight.89624.'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Nozawa |first=Satoshi |last2=Inubushi |first2=Toshihiro |last3=Irie |first3=Fumitoshi |last4=Takigami |first4=Iori |last5=Matsumoto |first5=Kazu |last6=Shimizu |first6=Katsuji |last7=Akiyama |first7=Haruhiko |last8=Yamaguchi |first8=Yu |date=2018-02-08 |title=Osteoblastic heparan sulfate regulates osteoprotegerin function and bone mass |url=https://insight.jci.org/articles/view/89624 |journal=JCI Insight |language=en |volume=3 |issue=3 |doi=10.1172/jci.insight.89624 |issn=2379-3708 |pmc=5821205 |pmid=29415886}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''To determine the role of HS in bone homeostasis, we conditionally ablated Ext1, which encodes an essential glycosyltransferase for HS biosynthesis, in osteoblasts. Resultant conditional mutant mice developed severe osteopenia. Surprisingly, this phenotype is not due to impairment in bone formation but to enhancement of bone resorption. We also show that bone mineral density is reduced in patients with multiple hereditary exostoses, a genetic bone disorder caused by heterozygous mutations of Ext1, suggesting that the mechanism revealed in this study may be relevant to low bone mass conditions in humans.''

'''Pacifici M. The pathogenic roles of heparan sulfate deficiency in hereditary multiple exostoses. Matrix Biol. 2018 Oct;71-72:28-39. doi: 10.1016/j.matbio.2017.12.011. Epub 2017 Dec 24. PMID: 29277722; PMCID: PMC6015767'''''.''&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt; ''Heparan sulfate (HS) is an essential component of cell surface and matrix proteoglycans (HS-PGs) that include syndecans and perlecan. Because of their unique structural features, the HS chains are able to specifically interact with signaling proteins–including bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs)-via their HS-binding domain, regulating protein availability, distribution and action on target cells. Hereditary Multiple Exostoses (HME) is a rare pediatric disorder linked to germline heterozygous loss-of-function mutations in EXT1 or EXT2 that encode Golgi-resident glycosyltransferases responsible for HS synthesis, resulting in a systemic HS deficiency. HME is characterized by cartilaginous/bony tumors-called osteochondromas or exostoses- that form within perichondrium in long bones, ribs and other elements. This review examines most recent studies in HME, framing them in the context of classic studies. New findings show that the spectrum of EXT mutations is larger than previously realized and the clinical complications of HME extend beyond the skeleton.''

'''Sefcik R, Earl D. Hereditary Multiple Osteochondromas. 2000 Aug 3 [Updated 2026 Jan 29]. In: Adam MP, Bick S, Mirzaa GM, et al., editors. GeneReviews® [Internet]. Seattle (WA): University of Washington, Seattle; 1993-2026. Available from: &lt;nowiki&gt;https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1235&lt;/nowiki&gt;.''' ''Each child of an individual with HMO has a 50% chance of inheriting an HMO-causing pathogenic variant.''

'''Zak, B.M., B.E. Crawford, and J.D. Esko, 2002. Hereditary multiple exostoses and heparan sulfate polymerization Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) Volume 1573, Issue 3, 19 December 2002, Pages 346–355 &lt;nowiki&gt;http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304416502004026&lt;/nowiki&gt;''' ''Hereditary multiple exostoses (HME, OMIM 133700, 133701) results from mutations in EXT1 and EXT2, genes encoding the copolymerase responsible for heparan sulfate (HS) biosynthesis. Here, we provide an overview of HME, the EXT family of proteins, and possible models for the relationship of altered HS biosynthesis to the ectopic bone growth characteristic of the disease.''

== HSPG-Related studies ==
While HME is a rare disease and rarely studied, the connection between HME and HSPG is noted. Therefore, this list of research articles covers HME, HSPG, and the genetic issues associated with the EXT1, EXT2, and EXT3 genes.

'''Aldunate, Rebecca, Juan Carlos Casar, Enrique Brandan, Nibaldo C. Inestrosa, 2004. Structural and functional organization of synaptic acetylcholinesterase, Brain Research Reviews, Volume 47, Issues 1–3,''' &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Aldunate |first=Rebeca |last2=Casar |first2=Juan Carlos |last3=Brandan |first3=Enrique |last4=Inestrosa |first4=Nibaldo C. |date=2004-12 |title=Structural and functional organization of synaptic acetylcholinesterase |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0165017304001092 |journal=Brain Research Reviews |language=en |volume=47 |issue=1-3 |pages=96–104 |doi=10.1016/j.brainresrev.2004.07.019}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''&quot;The presence of two heparin-binding domains in ColQ that interact with heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) at the synaptic basal lamina; and second, a knockout mouse for perlecan, a HSPG concentrated in nerve–muscle contact, in which absence of asymmetric AChE at the NMJ is observed.&quot;''

'''Aplin, J.D., Charlton, A.K. &amp; Ayad, S.  1988. An immunohistochemical study of human endometrial extracellular matrix during the menstrual cycle and first trimester of pregnancy. Cell Tissue Res. 253: 231. &lt;nowiki&gt;https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00221758&lt;/nowiki&gt;.''' &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Aplin |first=J. D. |last2=Charlton |first2=A. K. |last3=Ayad |first3=S. |date=1988-07-01 |title=An immunohistochemical study of human endometrial extracellular matrix during the menstrual cycle and first trimester of pregnancy |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00221758 |journal=Cell and Tissue Research |language=en |volume=253 |issue=1 |pages=231–240 |doi=10.1007/BF00221758 |issn=1432-0878}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Changes in the organisation and composition of extracellular matrix in human endometrium during the menstrual cycle and early pregnancy have been assessed by immunofluorescence.'' 

'''Arnold, K. Y-E. Liao, and J. Liu, 2020. ''Potential Use of Anti-Inflammatory Synthetic Heparan Sulfate to Attenuate Liver Damage. Biomedicines 2020, 8(11), 503;''''' &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Arnold |first=Katelyn |last2=Liao |first2=Yi-En |last3=Liu |first3=Jian |date=2020-11-16 |title=Potential Use of Anti-Inflammatory Synthetic Heparan Sulfate to Attenuate Liver Damage |url=https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/8/11/503 |journal=Biomedicines |language=en |volume=8 |issue=11 |pages=503 |doi=10.3390/biomedicines8110503 |issn=2227-9059}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Heparan sulfate (HS) is an essential glycan for liver function.''

'''Ascencio, F. L. Å. Fransson and T. WadstrÖum, 1993. ''Affinity of the gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori for the N-sulphated glycosaminoglycan heparan sulphate'' J Med Microbiol April 1993 vol. 38 no. 4 240-244''' &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=F |first=Ascencio |last2=A |first2=Fransson, L. |last3=T |first3=Wadstrom |date=1993-04-01 |title=Affinity of the gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori for the N-sulphated glycosaminogly… |url=https://www.sgmjournals.org/jmm/content/38/4/240 |access-date=2026-07-15 |website=SGM Journals |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;'''.''' ''Binding of 125I-heparan sulphate was a common property of Helicobacter pylori strains isolated from patients with gastroduodenal ulcer diseases.''

'''Berg et al., 1999. Chronic fatigue syndrome and/or Fibromyalgia as a variation of Antiphospholipid antibody syndrome: an explanatory model and approach to laboratory  diagnosis'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Berg |first=D. |last2=Berg |first2=L. H. |last3=Couvaras |first3=J. |last4=Harrison |first4=H. |date=1999-10 |title=Chronic fatigue syndrome and/or fibromyalgia as a variation of antiphospholipid antibody syndrome: an explanatory model and approach to laboratory diagnosis |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10695770 |journal=Blood Coagulation &amp; Fibrinolysis: An International Journal in Haemostasis and Thrombosis |volume=10 |issue=7 |pages=435–438 |doi=10.1097/00001721-199910000-00006 |issn=0957-5235 |pmid=10695770}}&lt;/ref&gt; Not in this paper, but the logic is that low levels of HSPG are found in patients with chronic fatigue, and there is probably a correlation with MHE fatigue and low levels of HSPG.

'''Bishop, J., Schuksz, M. &amp; Esko, J. Heparan sulphate proteoglycans fine-tune mammalian physiology. Nature 446, 1030–1037 (2007). &lt;nowiki&gt;https://doi.org/10.1038/nature05817&lt;/nowiki&gt;'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Bishop |first=Joseph R. |last2=Schuksz |first2=Manuela |last3=Esko |first3=Jeffrey D. |date=2007-04 |title=Heparan sulphate proteoglycans fine-tune mammalian physiology |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/nature05817 |journal=Nature |language=en |volume=446 |issue=7139 |pages=1030–1037 |doi=10.1038/nature05817 |issn=1476-4687}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Heparan sulphate proteoglycans reside on the plasma membrane of all animal cells studied so far and are a major component of extracellular matrices. . A recurrent theme is the electrostatic interaction of the heparan sulphate chains with protein ligands, which affects metabolism, transport, information transfer, support and regulation in all organ systems.'' 

'''Boer and Gaillard, 2007. Drug Targeting to the Brain. Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology. Volume 47, 2007. Pp 323-355'''&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;'''.'''''… For many diseases of the brain, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, stroke, depression, schizophrenia, epilepsia and migraine headache, the drugs on the market … enter the cell following binding to heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG) receptors …''

'''Brown, Anissa Joy. Function of heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) and heparanase (HPSE) in endochondral bone formation University of Delaware, ProQuest Dissertations Publishing, 2008. 3324491.'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Function of heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) and heparanase (HPSE) in endochondral bone formation. by Brown, Anissa Joy (9781243986054) {{!}} Browns Books |url=https://www.brownsbfs.co.uk/Product/Brown-Anissa-Joy/Function-of-heparan-sulfate-proteoglycans-HSPGs-and-hepar/9781243986054 |access-date=2026-07-15 |website=www.brownsbfs.co.uk}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Endochondral bone formation is a tightly regulated process involving coordination among cell-cell, cell-matrix and growth factor signaling that eventually results in the production of mineralized bone from a cartilage template. Chondrogenic and osteogenic differentiation occur in sequence during this process, and the temporospatial patterning clearly requires the activities of heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs), heparin binding growth factors (HBGFs) and their receptors.''

'''O'Callaghan P, Zhang X, Li JP. 2018. Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans as Relays of Neuroinflammation. J Histochem Cytochem. 2018 Apr;66(4):305-319. doi: 10.1369/0022155417742147. Epub 2018 Jan 1. PMID: 29290138; PMCID: PMC5958378'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=O'Callaghan |first=Paul |last2=Zhang |first2=Xiao |last3=Li |first3=Jin-Ping |date=2018-04 |title=Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans as Relays of Neuroinflammation |url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5958378/ |journal=The Journal of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry: Official Journal of the Histochemistry Society |volume=66 |issue=4 |pages=305–319 |doi=10.1369/0022155417742147 |issn=1551-5044 |pmc=5958378 |pmid=29290138}}&lt;/ref&gt;'''.''' ''.'' ''We summarize some of the contrasting roles that HS and heparanase have been assigned in diseases associated with chronic inflammatory states, including Alzheimer's disease (AD).''

'''Chen, Ming and Xiao, Xiao and Rui, Yimin and Jin, Yu,''' '''2023. Relationship of Sleep Disorder with Neurodegenerative and Psychiatric Diseases: An Updated Review. Available at SSRN:''' &lt;nowiki&gt;https://ssrn.com/abstract=4484640&lt;/nowiki&gt; or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4484640. &quot;''Another key factor in the circadian timing of Aβ42 phagocytosis is the presence of cell-surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs), which highlights a potential causative factor for increased Aβ42 accumulation in patients with clock/sleep disorders due to the apparent circadian rhythmicity of HSPGs levels and the inhibitory role of HSPGs in the phagocytosis of Aβ42(Clark et al., 2022).&quot;''

'''Chmiela, M. et al. 1995. The role of heparan sulphate-binding activity of Helicobacter pylori bacteria in their adhesion to murine macrophages. &lt;nowiki&gt;http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1699-0463.1995.tb01133.x/full&lt;/nowiki&gt;'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Chmiela |first=M. |last2=Paziak-Domanska |first2=B. |last3=Rudnicka |first3=W. |last4=WadstrÖM |first4=T. |date=1995 |title=The role of heparan sulphate-binding activity of Helicobacter pylori bacteria in their adhesion to murine macrophages |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1699-0463.1995.tb01133.x |journal=APMIS |language=en |volume=103 |issue=1-6 |pages=469–474 |doi=10.1111/j.1699-0463.1995.tb01133.x |issn=1600-0463}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''The role of heparan sulphate (HS)-binding activity of Helicobacter pylori microbes in their adhesion to and ingestion by inflammatory peritoneal macrophages.''

'''Clark, GT, Yu Y, Urban C et al. 2023. Circadian control of heparan sulfate levels times phagocytosis of amyloid beta aggregates. February 10, 202. PLOS Genetics. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1009994&lt;nowiki/&gt;.'''  ''PGs like heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) and chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) are involved in the clearance of Aβ42, associate with Aβ42 to foster the formation of plaques, and reduce Aβ plaque load upon the knockout of a key enzyme in the HSPG biosynthesis pathway... our findings suggest the disruption of the circadian timing of macrophage/microglia phagocytosis may be a vital component in Aβ42 metabolism, highlighting a potential causative factor in the increase in accumulation of Aβ42 in patients with clock/sleep disturbances [8,13,20,22,25,94,97].'' 

'''Collins LE, Troeberg L. 2019. Heparan sulfate as a regulator of inflammation and immunity. J Leukoc Biol. 2019 Jan;105(1):81-92. doi: 10.1002/JLB.3RU0618-246R. Epub 2018 Oct 30. PMID: 30376187.'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Collins |first=Laura E |last2=Troeberg |first2=Linda |date=2018-12-27 |title=Heparan sulfate as a regulator of inflammation and immunity |url=https://academic.oup.com/jleukbio/article/105/1/81/6935486 |journal=Journal of Leukocyte Biology |language=en |volume=105 |issue=1 |pages=81–92 |doi=10.1002/JLB.3RU0618-246R |issn=1938-3673}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''In this review, we discuss the multiple roles for HS in regulating immune responses, and the evidence for inflammation-associated changes to HS structure.Keywords: chemokines; cytokines; heparan sulfate; inflammation; leukocyte.''

'''Condomitti, G., &amp; de Wit, J. (2018). Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans as Emerging Players in Synaptic Specificity. Frontiers in molecular neuroscience, 11, 14. &lt;nowiki&gt;https://doi.org/10.3389/fnmol.2018.00014&lt;/nowiki&gt;'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Condomitti |first=Giuseppe |last2=de Wit |first2=Joris |date=2018-01-26 |title=Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans as Emerging Players in Synaptic Specificity |url=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/molecular-neuroscience/articles/10.3389/fnmol.2018.00014/full |journal=Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience |language=English |volume=11 |doi=10.3389/fnmol.2018.00014 |issn=1662-5099 |pmc=5790772 |pmid=29434536}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''The heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG) family of cell-surface proteins is emerging as a key regulator of connectivity. HSPGs are expressed throughout brain development and play important roles in axon guidance, synapse development and synapse function.''

'''Cooper, Isabella D.; Brookler, Kenneth H.; Crofts, Catherine A. P. (2021-09-06). &quot;Rethinking  Fragility Fractures in Type 2 Diabetes: The Link between Hyperinsulinaemia and Osteofragilitas&quot; Biomedicines 9, no. 9: 1165.'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Cooper |first=Isabella D. |last2=Brookler |first2=Kenneth H. |last3=Crofts |first3=Catherine A. P. |date=2021-09-06 |title=Rethinking Fragility Fractures in Type 2 Diabetes: The Link between Hyperinsulinaemia and Osteofragilitas |url=https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/9/9/1165 |journal=Biomedicines |language=en |volume=9 |issue=9 |pages=1165 |doi=10.3390/biomedicines9091165 |issn=2227-9059}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''&lt;nowiki&gt;https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines9091165&lt;/nowiki&gt;  Hyperinsulinaemia negatively impacts HSPG function and availability, via impairment of vitamin D regulation. Vitamin D regulates sulfate synthesis, required for heparan sulphate ['''145'''].''

'''Dituri F, Gigante G, Scialpi R, Mancarella S, Fabregat I, Giannelli G. Proteoglycans in Cancer: Friends or Enemies? A Special Focus on Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancers. 2022; 14(8):1902. &lt;nowiki&gt;https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers14081902&lt;/nowiki&gt;'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Dituri |first=Francesco |last2=Gigante |first2=Gianluigi |last3=Scialpi |first3=Rosanna |last4=Mancarella |first4=Serena |last5=Fabregat |first5=Isabel |last6=Giannelli |first6=Gianluigi |date=2022-04-09 |title=Proteoglycans in Cancer: Friends or Enemies? A Special Focus on Hepatocellular Carcinoma |url=https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/14/8/1902 |journal=Cancers |language=en |volume=14 |issue=8 |pages=1902 |doi=10.3390/cancers14081902 |issn=2072-6694 |pmc=9024587 |pmid=35454809}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Proteoglycans are a class of highly glycosylated proteins expressed in virtually all tissues, which are localized within membranes, but more often in the pericellular space and extracellular matrix (ECM), and are involved in tissue homeostasis and remodeling of the stromal microenvironment during physiological and pathological processes, such as tissue regeneration, angiogenesis, and cancer.''

'''Farhan, S.M.K. , Wang J, Robinson JF, et al., 2015. Old gene, new phenotype: mutations in heparan sulfate synthesis enzyme, EXT2 leads to seizure and developmental disorder, no exostoses. Journal of Medical Genetics 2015;52:666-675. ''' ''Many genes are involved in modulating heparan sulfate synthesis, and when these genes are mutated, they can give rise to early-onset developmental disorders affecting multiple body systems.'' 

'''Forsberg E. and L. Kjellen, 2001. Heparan sulfate: lessons from knockout mice. Journal of Clinical Investigation. &lt;nowiki&gt;https://www.jci.org/articles/view/13561&lt;/nowiki&gt;.''' &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Forsberg |first=Erik |last2=Kjellén |first2=Lena |date=2001-07-15 |title=Heparan sulfate: lessons from knockout mice |url=https://www.jci.org/articles/view/13561 |journal=The Journal of Clinical Investigation |language=en |volume=108 |issue=2 |pages=175–180 |doi=10.1172/JCI13561 |issn=0021-9738 |pmid=11457868}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Kidney'' ''agenesis, “broken heart,” abnormal mast cells, somatic overgrowth, lung dysfunction, and chondrodysplasia are some phenotypes of mice where different genes important for heparan sulfate (HS) expression have been knocked out.The authors speculate that, during inflammation or wounding when fibronectin is degraded, syndecan-4 may be important for focal adhesion formation and actin fiber organization, which in turn contribute to cell migration.'' 

'''Fumitoshi Irie, Hedieh Badie-Mahdavi, and Yu Yamaguchi, 2012. ''Autism-like socio-communicative deficits and stereotypies in mice lacking heparan sulfate''. PNAS 2012 109 (13) 5052-5056;  March 27, 2012 vol. 109 no. 13'''&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt; '''&lt;nowiki&gt;http://www.pnas.org/content/109/13/5052.short&lt;/nowiki&gt;''' ''Heparan sulfate regulates diverse cell-surface signaling events, and its roles in the development of the nervous system recently have been increasingly uncovered by studies using genetic models carrying mutations of genes encoding enzymes for its synthesis. Our results demonstrate that heparan sulfate is critical for normal functioning of glutamatergic synapses and that its deficiency mediates socio-communicative deficits and stereotypes characteristic for autism.''

'''Ge, Xiao Na, Bastan, Idil, Ha, Sung Gil, Greenberg, Yana G., Esko, Jeffrey D., Rao, Savita P., Sriramarao, P., 2018. Regulation of eosinophil recruitment and allergic airway inflammation by heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG) modifying enzymes. Experimental Lung Research, 01902148, Mar2018, Vol. 44, Issue''' ''Our study demonstrates that allergen exposure reduces expression of Hs2st; loss of uronyl 2-O-sulfation in endothelial and leukocyte HSPG amplifies recruitment of eosinophils likely due to a compromised vascular endothelium resulting in persistent inflammation whereas loss of N-sulfation limits eosinophilia and attenuates inflammation underscoring the importance of site-specific sulfation in HSPG to their role in AAI.''

'''Haeger SM, Yang Y, Schmidt EP. Heparan Sulfate in the Developing, Healthy, and Injured Lung. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 2016;55(1):5-11. doi:10.1165/rcmb.2016-0043TR''' '''''&lt;nowiki&gt;https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4942210/&lt;/nowiki&gt;'''''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Haeger |first=Sarah M. |last2=Yang |first2=Yimu |last3=Schmidt |first3=Eric P. |date=2016-07 |title=Heparan Sulfate in the Developing, Healthy, and Injured Lung |url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4942210/ |journal=American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology |volume=55 |issue=1 |pages=5–11 |doi=10.1165/rcmb.2016-0043TR |issn=1535-4989 |pmc=4942210 |pmid=26982577}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''This Translational Review highlightsthe importance of athe glycosaminoglycan heparan sulfate (HS) on lung health and disease.''

'''Hiebert, Linda M. 2021. Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans in Diabetes. DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1724118. Thieme E-''' '''Journals - Seminars in Thrombosis and Hemostasis / Abstract (thieme-connect.com).''' &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Hiebert |first=Linda M. |date=2021-04 |title=Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans in Diabetes |url=http://www.thieme-connect.de/DOI/DOI?10.1055/s-0041-1724118 |journal=Seminars in Thrombosis and Hemostasis |language=en |volume=47 |issue=03 |pages=261–273 |doi=10.1055/s-0041-1724118 |issn=0094-6176}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Understanding the role of HSPGs and how they are modified by diabetes may lead to new treatments as well as preventative measures to reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with this complex condition.''

'''Ho, G., G Broze, A. Schwartz, 1997. Role of Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans in the Uptake and Degradation of Tissue Factor Pathway Inhibitor-Coagulation Factor Xa Complexes. CELL BIOLOGY AND METABOLISM| VOLUME 272, ISSUE 27, P16838-16844, JULY 1997.&lt;nowiki&gt;https://www.jbc.org/article/S0021-9258(18)39299-8/fulltext&lt;/nowiki&gt;''' &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Ho |first=Guyu |last2=Broze |first2=George J. |last3=Schwartz |first3=Alan L. |date=1997-07-04 |title=Role of Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans in the Uptake and Degradation of Tissue Factor Pathway Inhibitor-Coagulation Factor Xa Complexes * |url=https://www.jbc.org/article/S0021-9258(18)39299-8/abstract |journal=Journal of Biological Chemistry |language=English |volume=272 |issue=27 |pages=16838–16844 |doi=10.1074/jbc.272.27.16838 |issn=0021-9258}}&lt;/ref&gt;''These results suggest that heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) are required for the uptake and degradation of 125I-TFPI·fXa complexes.'' 

'''Huang M, He H, Belenkaya T, Lin X. Multiple roles of epithelial heparan sulfate in stomach morphogenesis. J Cell Sci. 2018 May 29;131(10):jcs210781. doi: 10.1242/jcs.210781. PMID: 29700203; PMCID: PMC6031332.''' &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Huang |first=Meina |last2=He |first2=Hua |last3=Belenkaya |first3=Tatyana |last4=Lin |first4=Xinhua |date=2018-05-15 |title=Multiple roles of epithelial heparan sulfate in stomach morphogenesis |url=https://journals.biologists.com/jcs/article/131/10/jcs210781/56866/Multiple-roles-of-epithelial-heparan-sulfate-in |journal=Journal of Cell Science |language=en |volume=131 |issue=10 |doi=10.1242/jcs.210781 |issn=1477-9137 |pmc=6031332 |pmid=29700203}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''In the posterior stomach, HS depletion disrupts glandular stomach patterning and cytodifferentiation via attenuation of Fgf signaling activity.'' 

'''Irie, F.,  H. Badie-Mahdavi, Y. Yamaguchi, 2012. Autism-like socio-communicative deficits and stereotypies in mice lacking heparan sulfate Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A., 109 (2012), pp. 5052-5056. &lt;nowiki&gt;https://www.pnas.org/doi/pdf/10.1073/pnas.1117881109&lt;/nowiki&gt;.''' &lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;''Our results demonstrate that heparan sulfate is critical for normal functioning of glutamatergic synapses and that its deficiency mediates socio-communicative deficits and stereotypies characteristic for autism.''

'''Jennes I, Pedrini E, Zuntini M, Mordenti M, Balkassmi S, Asteggiano CG, Casey B, Bakker B, Sangiorgi L, Wuyts W. Multiple osteochondromas: mutation update and description of the multiple osteochondromas mutation database (MOdb). Hum Mutat. 2009 Dec;30 (12):1620-7. doi: 10.1002/humu.21123. PMID: 19810120.''' &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Jennes |first=Ivy |last2=Pedrini |first2=Elena |last3=Zuntini |first3=Monia |last4=Mordenti |first4=Marina |last5=Balkassmi |first5=Sahila |last6=Asteggiano |first6=Carla G. |last7=Casey |first7=Brett |last8=Bakker |first8=Bert |last9=Sangiorgi |first9=Luca |last10=Wuyts |first10=Wim |date=2009-12 |title=Multiple osteochondromas: mutation update and description of the multiple osteochondromas mutation database (MOdb) |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/humu.21123 |journal=Human Mutation |language=en |volume=30 |issue=12 |pages=1620–1627 |doi=10.1002/humu.21123}}&lt;/ref&gt;''MO is genetically heterogeneous, and is associated with mutations in Exostosin-1 (EXT1) or Exostosin-2 (EXT2), both tumor-suppressor genes of the EXT gene family. All members of this multigene family encode glycosyltransferases involved in the adhesion and/or polymerization of heparin sulfate (HS) chains at HS proteoglycans (HSPGs).'' 

'''Jones, K. B., Pacifici, M., &amp; Hilton, M. J. (2014). Multiple hereditary exostoses (MHE): elucidating the pathogenesis of a rare skeletal disorder through interdisciplinary research. Connective Tissue Research, 55(2), 80–88. &lt;nowiki&gt;https://doi.org/10.3109/03008207.2013.867957&lt;/nowiki&gt;.''' ''MHE is largely caused by autosomal dominant mutations in EXT1 or EXT2, genes encoding Golgi-associated glycosyltransferases responsible for heparan sulfate (HS) synthesis. HS chains are key constituents of cell surface- and extracellular matrix-associated proteoglycans, which are known regulators of skeletal development. MHE affected individuals are HS-deficient, can display skeletal growth retardation and deformities, and consistently develop benign, cartilage-capped bony outgrowths (termed exostoses or osteochondromas) near the growth plates of many skeletal elements. Heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) critically modulate adhesion-, growth-, and migration-related processes.''

'''Kemp, Annissa et al. 2017. Control of Cell Shape, Neurite Outgrowth, and Migration by a Nogo-A/HSPG Interaction, Developmental Cell, Volume 43, Issue 1, 24 - 34.e5 &lt;nowiki&gt;https://www.cell.com/developmental-cell/fulltext/S1534-5807(17)30674-3&lt;/nowiki&gt;'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Kempf |first=Anissa |last2=Boda |first2=Enrica |last3=Kwok |first3=Jessica C. F. |last4=Fritz |first4=Rafael |last5=Grande |first5=Valentina |last6=Kaelin |first6=Andrea M. |last7=Ristic |first7=Zorica |last8=Schmandke |first8=Andre |last9=Schmandke |first9=Antonio |last10=Tews |first10=Bjoern |last11=Fawcett |first11=James W. |last12=Pertz |first12=Olivier |last13=Buffo |first13=Annalisa |last14=Schwab |first14=Martin E. |date=2017-10-09 |title=Control of Cell Shape, Neurite Outgrowth, and Migration by a Nogo-A/HSPG Interaction |url=https://www.cell.com/developmental-cell/abstract/S1534-5807(17)30674-3 |journal=Developmental Cell |language=English |volume=43 |issue=1 |pages=24–34.e5 |doi=10.1016/j.devcel.2017.08.014 |issn=1534-5807 |pmid=28943240}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) critically modulate adhesion-, growth-, and migration-related processes. Here, we show that the transmembrane protein, Nogo-A, inhibits neurite outgrowth and cell spreading in neurons and Nogo-A-responsive cell lines via HSPGs. Finally, we show in explant cultures ex vivo that Nogo-A-?20 promotes the migration of neuroblasts via HSPGs but not S1PR2.''

'''Kolset, S., Salmivirta, M. Cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans and lipoprotein metabolism. CMLS, Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 56, 857–870 (1999). &lt;nowiki&gt;https://doi.org/10.1007/s000180050031&lt;/nowiki&gt;''' [https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s000180050031. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s000180050031.]  ''Heparan sulfate has been further implicated in presentation and stabilization of lipoprotein lipase and hepatic lipase on cell surfaces and in the transport of lipoprotein lipase from extravascular cells to the luminal surface of the endothelia. In atherosclerosis, heparan sulfate is intimately involved in several events important to the pathophysiology of the disease.''

'''Laabs, T.; Carulli, D.; Geller, H.M.; Fawcett, J.W. Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans in neural development and regeneration. Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 2005, 15, 116–120. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Carulli |first=Daniela |last2=Laabs |first2=Tracy |last3=Geller |first3=Herbert M. |last4=Fawcett |first4=James W. |date=2005-02 |title=Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans in neural development and regeneration |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15721753 |journal=Current Opinion in Neurobiology |volume=15 |issue=1 |pages=116–120 |doi=10.1016/j.conb.2005.01.014 |issn=0959-4388 |pmid=15721753}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Proteoglycans are of two main types, chondroitin sulfate (CSPGs) and heparin sulfate (HSPGs). The CSPGs act mainly as barrier-forming molecules, whereas the HSPGs stabilise the interactions of receptors and ligands.'' 

'''Lundberg, Y.W., Y. Xu, K.D. Theissen, and K.L. Framer, 2014. Mechanisms of otoconia and otolith development. Developmental Dynamics, 9/24/2014.''' &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Lundberg |first=Yunxia Wang |last2=Xu |first2=Yinfang |last3=Thiessen |first3=Kevin D. |last4=Kramer |first4=Kenneth L. |date=2015 |title=Mechanisms of otoconia and otolith development |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/dvdy.24195 |journal=Developmental Dynamics |language=en |volume=244 |issue=3 |pages=239–253 |doi=10.1002/dvdy.24195 |issn=1097-0177 |pmc=4482761 |pmid=25255879}}&lt;/ref&gt;  ''Deletion of different HSPGs and CSPGs causes calcification deficiencies  which exemplifies their critical role in bone and teeth formation.''

'''Mansouri, R., Jouan, Y., Hay, E. et al. Osteoblastic heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycans control bone remodeling by regulating Wnt signaling and the crosstalk between bone surface and marrow cells. Cell Death Dis 8, e2902 (2017). &lt;nowiki&gt;https://doi.org/10.1038/cddis.2017.287&lt;/nowiki&gt;'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Mansouri |first=Rafik |last2=Jouan |first2=Yohann |last3=Hay |first3=Eric |last4=Blin-Wakkach |first4=Claudine |last5=Frain |first5=Monique |last6=Ostertag |first6=Agnès |last7=Le Henaff |first7=Carole |last8=Marty |first8=Caroline |last9=Geoffroy |first9=Valérie |last10=Marie |first10=Pierre J. |last11=Cohen-Solal |first11=Martine |last12=Modrowski |first12=Dominique |date=2017-06 |title=Osteoblastic heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycans control bone remodeling by regulating Wnt signaling and the crosstalk between bone surface and marrow cells |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/cddis2017287 |journal=Cell Death &amp; Disease |language=en |volume=8 |issue=6 |pages=e2902–e2902 |doi=10.1038/cddis.2017.287 |issn=2041-4889 |pmc=5520938 |pmid=28661485}}&lt;/ref&gt;  ''Syndecan-2 is a membrane heparan sulfate proteoglycan that is associated with osteoblastic differentiation. The osteogenic properties of matrix glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) have been explored; however, the functions of GAGs at the surface of bone-forming cells are less documented.'' 

'''Matsuzawa, T. et al., 2021. Heparan sulfate promotes differentiation of white adipocytes to maintain insulin sensitivity and glucose homeostasis. Journal of Biological Chemistry.'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Matsuzawa |first=Takuro |last2=Morita |first2=Masanobu |last3=Shimane |first3=Ai |last4=Otsuka |first4=Rina |last5=Mei |first5=Yu |last6=Irie |first6=Fumitoshi |last7=Yamaguchi |first7=Yu |last8=Yanai |first8=Kazuhiko |last9=Yoshikawa |first9=Takeo |date=2021-09 |title=Heparan sulfate promotes differentiation of white adipocytes to maintain insulin sensitivity and glucose homeostasis |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34310946 |journal=The Journal of Biological Chemistry |volume=297 |issue=3 |pages=101006 |doi=10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101006 |issn=1083-351X |pmc=8379462 |pmid=34310946}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''We observed that Ext1Δ/WT mice showed glucose intolerance because of insulin resistance. Our results demonstrate that HS plays a crucial role in the differentiation of white adipocytes through BMP4–FGF1 signaling pathways, thereby contributing to insulin sensitivity and glucose homeostasis.''

'''Meneghetti, Maria C. Z.; Hughes, Ashley J.; Rudd, Timothy R.; Nader, Helena B.; Powell, Andrew K.; Yates, Edwin A.; Lima, Marcelo A. (2015-09-06). &quot;Heparan sulfate and heparin interactions with proteins&quot;. Journal of the Royal Society, Interface. 12 (110): 0589. doi:10.1098/rsif.2015.0589. ISSN 1742-5662. PMC 4614469. &lt;nowiki&gt;PMID 26289657&lt;/nowiki&gt;'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Echits |first=S. V. |last2=Pichko |first2=V. B. |last3=Tikhomirova |first3=A. S. |last4=Letunova |first4=E. V. |date=1975 |title=[Preparation and properties of beta-galactosidase linked covalently with KM-cellulose] |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1742 |journal=Prikladnaia Biokhimiia I Mikrobiologiia |volume=11 |issue=6 |pages=848–851 |issn=0555-1099 |pmid=1742}}&lt;/ref&gt;''. Heparan sulfate (HS) polysaccharides are ubiquitous components of the cell surface and extracellular matrix of all multicellular animals, whereas heparin is present within mast cells and can be viewed as a more sulfated, tissue-specific, HS variant. HS and heparin regulate biological processes through interactions with a large repertoire of proteins. Owing to these interactions and diverse effects observed during in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo experiments, manifold biological/pharmacological activities have been attributed to them'''''.'''

'''Mooney et al. 2016.Pathway analysis in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: An ensemble approach. American Journal of Medical Genetics. Volume 171, Sept 2016. &lt;nowiki&gt;https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/ajmg.b.32446&lt;/nowiki&gt;''' &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Mooney |first=Michael A. |last2=McWeeney |first2=Shannon K. |last3=Faraone |first3=Stephen V. |last4=Hinney |first4=Anke |last5=Hebebrand |first5=Johannes |last6=Consortium |first6=Image2 |last7=Group |first7=German ADHD GWAS |last8=Nigg |first8=Joel T. |last9=Wilmot |first9=Beth |date=2016 |title=Pathway analysis in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: An ensemble approach |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/ajmg.b.32446 |journal=American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics |language=en |volume=171 |issue=6 |pages=815–826 |doi=10.1002/ajmg.b.32446 |issn=1552-485X |pmc=4983253 |pmid=27004716}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''These results support previous hypotheses about the role of regulation of neurotransmitter release, neurite outgrowth and axon guidance in contributing to the ADHD phenotype and suggest the value of cross-method convergence in evaluating pathway analysis results.''

'''Nackaerts, K. et al. 1997. Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycan Expression In Human Lung-Cancer Cells. Int. J. Cancer (Pred. Oncol.): 74, 335–345 (1997) r 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc. &lt;nowiki&gt;https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Maurits_Demedts/publication/13997415_Heparan_sulfate_proteoglycan_expression_in_human_lung-cancer_cells/links/5600565108aeafc8ac8c7374.pdf&lt;/nowiki&gt;'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Nackaerts |first=Kris |last2=Verbeken |first2=Erik |last3=Deneffe |first3=Georges |last4=Vanderschueren |first4=Bernadette |last5=Demedts |first5=Maurits |last6=David |first6=Guido |date=1997-07-01 |title=Heparan sulfate proteoglycan expression in human lung-cancer cells |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/13997415_Heparan_sulfate_proteoglycan_expression_in_human_lung-cancer_cells |journal=International journal of cancer. Journal international du cancer |volume=74 |pages=335–45 |doi=10.1002/(SICI)1097-0215(19970620)74:33.3.CO;2-4}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Heparan sulfate (HS) functions as a co-factor in several signal-transduction systems that affect cellular growth, differentiation, adhesion and motility. HS, therefore, may also play a role in the malignant transformation of cells, tumor growth, cell invasiveness and the formation of tumor metastases. Our results suggest that poorly differentiated lung tumors have markedly altered patterns of HSPG expression, which may contribute to their invasive phenotype. Int. J. Cancer 74:335– 345, 1997.''

'''Nencini Sara , Ivanusic Jason J. The Physiology of Bone Pain. How Much Do We Really Know? Frontiers in Physiology. Volume 7 - 2016.''' '''&lt;nowiki&gt;https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/physiology/articles/10.3389/fphys.2016.00157&lt;/nowiki&gt;. DOI=10.3389/fphys.2016.00157. ISSN=1664-042X'''&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt; ''Pain is associated with most bony pathologies. Clinical and experimental observations suggest that bone pain can be derived from noxious stimulation of the periosteum or bone marrow Whilst these provide some clues as to the way information about bone pain is centrally coded, they need to be expanded to further our understanding of other central territories involved.''

'''Otsu, K.; Kato, S.; Ohtake, K.; Akamatsu, N. Alteration of rat liver proteoglycans during regeneration. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 1992, 294, 544–549. Alteration of rat liver proteoglycans during regeneration - PubMed (nih.gov)'''''. Heparan sulfates (HS) are probably the major GAGs present on the surface of hepatocytes under normal conditions. Nevertheless, HSPGs expression increases during liver regeneration. Using [35S] sulfuric acid incorporation, Otsu et al. showed that, in the hepatic regeneration phase after hepatectomy, the synthesis of heparin sulfate proteoglycans, and to a lesser extent, of chondroitin/dermatan sulfate proteoglycans, increases up to 3–5 days and is temporally shifted compared to the stage of maximum mitosis that occurs 1–2 days following the surgical procedure [94].'' 

'''Otsuka, T., Phan, A.Q., Laurencin, C.T. et al. Identification of Heparan-Sulfate Rich Cells in the Loose Connective Tissues of the Axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum) with the Potential to Mediate Growth Factor Signaling during Regeneration. Regen. Eng. Transl. Med. 6, 7–17 (2020). &lt;nowiki&gt;https://doi.org/10.1007/s40883-019-00140-3&lt;/nowiki&gt; &lt;nowiki&gt;https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40883-019-00140-3&lt;/nowiki&gt;'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Otsuka |first=T. |last2=Phan |first2=A. Q. |last3=Laurencin |first3=C. T. |last4=Esko |first4=J. D. |last5=Bryant |first5=S. V. |last6=Gardiner |first6=D. M. |date=2020-03 |title=Identification of Heparan-Sulfate Rich Cells in the Loose Connective Tissues of the Axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum) with the Potential to Mediate Growth Factor Signaling during Regeneration |url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s40883-019-00140-3 |journal=Regenerative Engineering and Translational Medicine |language=en |volume=6 |issue=1 |pages=7–17 |doi=10.1007/s40883-019-00140-3 |issn=2364-4133 |pmc=7971174 |pmid=33748405}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''. We hypothesized that there are cells in the axolotl that synthesize specific HSPGs that control growth factor signaling in time and space. Given their high level of HSPG expression, their stellate morphology, and their distribution throughout the loose connective tissues, we refer to these as the positional information GRID (Groups that are Regenerative, Interspersed and Dendritic) cells.''

'''Parish, C., 2005. Heparan sulfate and inflammation. Nature Immunology 6(9):861-2 ·  October. &lt;nowiki&gt;https://www.researchgate.net/publication/7645220_Heparan_sulfate_and_inflammation&lt;/nowiki&gt;.'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Parish |first=Christopher |date=2005-10-01 |title=Heparan sulfate and inflammation |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/7645220_Heparan_sulfate_and_inflammation |journal=Nature immunology |volume=6 |pages=861–2 |doi=10.1038/ni0905-861}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Entry of leukocytes into tissues is a key feature of inflammation. New data suggest the polysaccharide heparan sulfate is required for several stages of this entry process.''

'''Park, P.J, and D. Shukla. Role of heparan sulfate in ocular diseases, Experimental Eye Research, Volume 110, 2013, Pages 1-9, ISSN 0014-4835, &lt;nowiki&gt;https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exer.2013.01.015&lt;/nowiki&gt;.'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Park |first=Paul J. |last2=Shukla |first2=Deepak |date=2013-05-01 |title=Role of heparan sulfate in ocular diseases |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0014483513000274 |journal=Experimental Eye Research |volume=110 |pages=1–9 |doi=10.1016/j.exer.2013.01.015 |issn=0014-4835 |pmc=3638857 |pmid=23410824}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Abstract: Heparan sulfate (HS), a ubiquitous and structurally diverse cell surface polysaccharide and extracellular matrix component, is a factor common to several major eye pathologies. Its multitude of functions and variable distribution among the different ocular tissues makes it an important contributor to a variety of disease states. Although HS facilitates the pathogenesis of many disorders, its role in each varies. Unique functions of HS have been particularly noted in viral and bacterial keratitis and age-related macular degeneration.'' 

'''Pérez, C., Sawmiller, D. &amp; Tan, J. The role of heparan sulfate deficiency in autistic phenotype: potential involvement of Slit/Robo/srGAPs-mediated dendritic spine formation. Neural Dev 11, 11 (2016). &lt;nowiki&gt;https://doi.org/10.1186/s13064-016-0066-x&lt;/nowiki&gt;''' &lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt; ''Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) are the second most common developmental cause of disability in the United States. The brains of ASD patients have marked structural abnormalities, in the form of increased dendritic spines and decreased long distance connections. These structural differences may be due to deficiencies in Heparin Sulfate (HS), a proteoglycan involved in a variety of neurodevelopmental processes. Through interference with this pathway, HS deficiency can lead to excess spine formation.''

'''Poli, Maura, Michela Asperti, Paola Ruzzenenti, Annamaria Naggi, and Paolo Arosio. 2017. &quot;Non-Anticoagulant Heparins Are Hepcidin Antagonists for the Treatment of Anemia&quot; Molecules 22, no. 4: 598. &lt;nowiki&gt;https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules22040598&lt;/nowiki&gt;'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Poli |first=Maura |last2=Asperti |first2=Michela |last3=Ruzzenenti |first3=Paola |last4=Naggi |first4=Annamaria |last5=Arosio |first5=Paolo |date=2017-04-08 |title=Non-Anticoagulant Heparins Are Hepcidin Antagonists for the Treatment of Anemia |url=https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/22/4/598 |journal=Molecules |language=en |volume=22 |issue=4 |pages=598 |doi=10.3390/molecules22040598 |issn=1420-3049 |pmc=6154463 |pmid=28397746}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''This review summarizes recent findings on the anti-hepcidin activity of heparins and their possible use for the treatment of anemia caused by hepcidin excess, including the anemia of chronic diseases.''

'''Russel A.L. and M.F.McCarty, 2000 Glucosamine for migraine prophylaxis?  Medical Hypotheses. Volume 55, Issue 3, September 2000, Pages 195-198. &lt;nowiki&gt;http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306987799910125&lt;/nowiki&gt;''' ''We postulate that supplemental glucosamine can boost mast cell heparin synthesis – perhaps correcting a functional heparin deficiency – thereby preventing or ameliorating the neurogenic inflammation that mediates pain in vascular headache. Whether or not this idea has validity, a controlled study of glucosamine for migraine prophylaxis appears to be warranted.''

'''Stringer, S.E. and Gallagher. 1997. Molecules in focus. Heparan sulphate. The International Journal of Biochemistry &amp; Cell Biology, Volume 29, Issue 5, 1997.''' ''Heparan sulphates, the N-sulphated polysaccharides components of proteoglycans, are common constituents of cell surfaces and the extracellular matrix. The diverse functions of heparan sulphate, which range from the control of blood coagulation to the regulation of cell growth and adhesion, depend on the capacity of the chains to activate protein ligands, such as antithrombin III and members of the fibroblast growth factor family. These properties are currently being exploited in the development of synthetic heparan sulphates as anticoagulants and promoters of wound healing. Conversely organic mimics of growth factor activating saccharides could possibly be designed to suppress tumour growth and prevent restenosis after coronary vessel angioplasty.''

'''Theoharides TC et al.  1999. Stress-induced rat intestinal mast cell intragranular activation and inhibitory effect of sulfated proteoglycans.  Digestive Diseases and Sciences [1999, 44 (8 Suppl):87S-93S]. Pages 709-714. &lt;nowiki&gt;http://europepmc.org/abstract/med/10490045&lt;/nowiki&gt;''' ''Cyclic vomiting syndrome is characterized by sudden episodes of vomiting and abdominal pain. It occurs primarily in children, is exacerbated by stress, and is often considered a migraine equivalent. Migraines have been linked to mast cells, which are often found close to neurons where they are activated by neuropeptides. We investigated the ultrastructural appearance of rat ileal brush border and mast cells following acute stress by immobilization.These results suggest the possible usefulness of chondroitin sulfate in conditions such as cyclic vomiting syndrome.''

'''Thompson, W.R. 2011. Perlecan modulates the function of the osteocyte lacuno-canalicular system. University of Delaware, ProQuest Dissertations Publishing, 2011. 3443246.''' ''In this study, along with my colleagues, I examined osteocyte lacunocanalicular morphology in mice deficient in the large heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG) PLN in this tissue. . . Ultrastructural measurements using electron micrograph images of PLN deficient mice demonstrate a significant decrease in osteocyte canalicular pericellular area, resulting from a reduction in the total canalicular area, when compared to controls. Additionally, PLN deficient mice show significantly diminished canalicular density and a significant reduction in the number of transverse tethering elements per canaliculus.''

'''van den Born J, van den Heuvel LP, Bakker MA, Veerkamp JH, Assmann KJ, Weening JJ, Berden JH., 1993. ''Distribution of GBM heparan sulfate proteoglycan core protein and side chains in human glomerular diseases.'' Kidney Int. 1993 Feb;43(2):454-63. &lt;nowiki&gt;http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8441243&lt;/nowiki&gt;'''  ''Using monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) recognizing either the core protein or the heparan sulfate (HS) side chain of human GBM heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG), we investigated their glomerular distribution on cryostat sections of human kidney tissues. In conclusion, major alterations were observed in the glomerular distribution of HS and HSPG-core in various human glomerulopathies. The mAbs can be useful to further delineate the significance of HSPG and HS for glomerular diseases.''

'''Vicente, Carolina Meloni, da Silva, Daiana Aparecida, Sartorio, Priscila Veronica, Silva, Tiago Donizetti, Saad, Sarhan Sydney, Nader, Helena Bonciani, Forones, Nora Manoukian, Toma, Leny, Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans in Human Colorectal Cancer, Analytical Cellular Pathology, 2018, 8389595, 10 pages, 2018.''' &lt;nowiki&gt;https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/8389595&lt;/nowiki&gt;'''  &lt;nowiki&gt;https://www.hindawi.com/journals/acp/2018/8389595/&lt;/nowiki&gt;''' ''Heparan sulfate proteoglycans are complex molecules present in the cell membrane and extracellular matrix, which play vital roles in cell adhesion, migration, proliferation, and signaling pathways. Heparan sulfate proteoglycans are candidate molecules to clarify colorectal cancer tumorigenesis, as well as important targets to therapy and diagnosis.''

'''Vlodavestky, I. et al. 2007. Heparanase: Structure, Biological Functions, and Inhibition by Heparin-Derived Mimetics of Heparan Sulfate. Current Pharmaceutical Design, Volume 13, Number 20, July 2007, pp. 2057-2073(17). &lt;nowiki&gt;http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/ben/cpd/2007/00000013/00000020/art00004&lt;/nowiki&gt;''' ''Heparanase is an endoglycosidase which cleaves heparan sulfate (HS) and hence participates in degradation and remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Heparanase is preferentially expressed in human tumors and its over-expression in tumor cells confers an invasive phenotype in experimental animals. These observations and the unexpected identification of a single functional heparanase, suggest that the enzyme is a promising target for anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory drug development.''

'''Weihua T. et al. 2002. Heparanase: A Key Enzyme in Invasion and Metastasis of Gastric Carcinoma.Mod Pathol 2002;15(6):593–59. &lt;nowiki&gt;http://www.nature.com/modpathol/journal/v15/n6/abs/3880571a.html&lt;/nowiki&gt;''' ''Previous reports have shown that the biochemical activity of heparanase is significantly correlated with the invasion and metastasis of malignant cells in vitro.'' ''It was concluded that heparanase might play an important role in the development of invasion and metastasis of the gastric cancer. It was indicated that patients with heparanase-positive gastric carcinoma would have a greater chance of metastasis with a poor prognosis.''

'''Whitelock John M. and Renato V. Iozzo, 2005. H''eparan Sulfate:  A Complex Polymer Charged with Biological Activity''. Chem. Rev., 2005, 105 (7), pp 2745–2764. &lt;nowiki&gt;http://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/cr0102&lt;/nowiki&gt;''' ''  “HS is a complex and highly active biopolymer…” one section is on heparan sulfate therapies,''

'''Yan Yin, Adam Wang, Li Feng, Yu Wang, Hong Zhang, Ivy Zhang, Brent M Bany, Liang Ma, Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycan Sulfation Regulates Uterine Differentiation and Signaling During Embryo Implantation, Endocrinology, Volume 159, Issue 6, June 2018, Pages 2459–2472, &lt;nowiki&gt;https://doi.org/10.1210/en.2018-00105&lt;/nowiki&gt;'''  ''One important modulator of these signaling pathways is the cell surface and extracellular matrix macromolecules, heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs). HSPGs play crucial roles in signal transduction by regulating morphogen transport and ligand binding. In this study, we examine the role of HSPG sulfation in regulating uterine receptivity…''

'''Zhongjun Zhou et al. 2004.  Impaired Angiogenesis, Delayed Wound Healing and Retarded Tumor Growth in Perlecan Heparan Sulfate-Deficient Mice. DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-04-0810 Published July 2004. &lt;nowiki&gt;http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/64/14/4699&lt;/nowiki&gt;.''' ''Perlecan, a modular proteoglycan carrying primary heparan sulfate (HS) side chains, is a major component of blood vessel basement membranes.Perlecan HS-deficient (Hspg2Δ3/Δ3) mice survived embryonic development and were apparently healthy as adults. However, mutant mice exhibited significantly delayed wound healing, retarded FGF-2-induced tumor growth, and defective angiogenesis.''

'''Zhu W, Li J, Liang G. How does cellular heparan sulfate function in viral pathogenicity? Biomed Environ Sci. 2011 Feb;24(1):81-7. doi: 10.3967/0895-3988.2011.01.011. PMID: 2144084'''4. ''Heparan sulfate (HS) is ubiquitously expressed on the surfaces and in the extracellular matrix of virtually all cell types, making it an ideal receptor for viral infection. Understanding how heparan sulfate functions during virus infection in vivo may prove critical for elucidating the molecular mechanism of viral pathogenesis, and may contribute to the development of therapeutics targeting HS''.

== Case studies ==
'''Ahn, YS., Kim, S., Kim, WJ. et al. Characteristics of hip impingement syndrome in patients with multiple hereditary exostoses. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 22, 153 (2021). &lt;nowiki&gt;https://doi.org/10.1186/s12891-021-04021-1&lt;/nowiki&gt;'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Ahn |first=Yeong-Seub |last2=Kim |first2=Sungmin |last3=Kim |first3=Woo-Jong |last4=Lim |first4=Jun-Hyuk |last5=Jung |first5=Sung-Taek |date=2021-02-06 |title=Characteristics of hip impingement syndrome in patients with multiple hereditary exostoses |url=https://doi.org/10.1186/s12891-021-04021-1 |journal=BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders |language=en |volume=22 |issue=1 |pages=153 |doi=10.1186/s12891-021-04021-1 |issn=1471-2474 |pmc=7868013 |pmid=33549073}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Between 2001 and 2019, total 51 patients (102 hips) were evaluated in this study. Patients with MHE were classified to femoro-acetabular impingement (FAI) symptom group, ischio-femoral impingement (IFI) symptom group and non-impingement symptom group by comparing the symptoms, clinical signs and imaging studies.'' 

'''Albokhari, Daniah, Christopher R. Bailey, Francis Hwang, Clifford R. Weiss, Jonathan Forsberg, Nara Sobreira.  2023. Venous malformation may be a feature of EXT1-related hereditary multiple exostoses: A report of two unrelated probands.  American Journal of Medical Genetics.''' '' ''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Albokhari |first=Daniah |last2=Bailey |first2=Christopher R. |last3=Hwang |first3=Francis |last4=Weiss |first4=Clifford R. |last5=Forsberg |first5=Jonathan |last6=Sobreira |first6=Nara |date=2023 |title=Venous malformation may be a feature of EXT1-related hereditary multiple exostoses: A report of two unrelated probands |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/ajmg.a.63158 |journal=American Journal of Medical Genetics Part A |language=en |volume=191 |issue=6 |pages=1570–1575 |doi=10.1002/ajmg.a.63158 |issn=1552-4833}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Report two unrelated probands that presented with a clinical and molecular diagnosis of HME with venous malformation, a clinical feature not previously reported in individuals with HME.''

'''Anel-Quimpo, Joselynna, Mark Anthony Santiago Sandoval, Frances Lina Lantion-Ang, 2011. Hypercalcaemia from genitourinary tuberculosis in a female with multiple exostoses. BMJ Journals. &lt;nowiki&gt;https://casereports.bmj.com/content/2011/bcr.12.2010.3651&lt;/nowiki&gt;.'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Anel-Quimpo |first=Joselynna |last2=Sandoval |first2=Mark Anthony Santiago |last3=Lantion-Ang |first3=Frances Lina |date=2011-05-17 |title=Hypercalcaemia from genitourinary tuberculosis in a female with multiple exostoses |url=https://casereports.bmj.com/content/2011/bcr.12.2010.3651 |journal=BMJ Case Reports |language=en |volume=2011 |pages=bcr1220103651 |doi=10.1136/bcr.12.2010.3651 |issn=1757-790X}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''The authors present a puzzling case of nephrolithiasis, hypercalcaemia, amenorrhoea, short stature and gross skeletal deformities in a 30-year-old female. Multiple pituitary hormone deficiency and metabolic bone disease were initially considered but were eventually excluded. The final diagnosis is genitourinary tuberculosis (TB) which caused the hypercalcaemia, nephrolithiasis and amenorrhoea, and also found to have the syndrome of multiple exostoses which explained the gross skeletal deformities and the short stature. After treatment with anti-TB therapy, there was resolution of hypercalcaemia and return of regular menstruation. The short stature and gross skeletal deformities remain as part of the congenital syndrome.''

'''Bari MS, Jahangir Alam MM, Chowdhury FR, Dhar PB, Begum A. 2012. Hereditary multiple exostoses causing cord compression. J Coll Physicians Surg Pak 22:797–799.'''&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;''' ''' ''Neurological presentations are rare and usually happened due to direct compression of a peripheral nerve or nerve root or less often the spinal cord. This case is possibly the first case of HME described from Bangladesh, presented with dorsal cord compression. Decompression was done and the complaints of myelopathy were improved.''

'''Caino, Silvia, Marisa Angelica Cubilla, Romina Alba, María Gabriela Obregón, Virginia Fano, Abel Gómez, Lorena Zecchini, Pablo Lapunzina, Miriam Aza-Carmona, Karen E. Heath, and et al. 2022. &quot;Clinical and Genetic Analysis of Multiple Osteochondromas in a Cohort of Argentine Patients&quot; Genes 13, no. 11: 2063.''' '''&lt;nowiki&gt;https://doi.org/10.3390/genes13112063&lt;/nowiki&gt;'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Caino |first=Silvia |last2=Cubilla |first2=Marisa Angelica |last3=Alba |first3=Romina |last4=Obregón |first4=María Gabriela |last5=Fano |first5=Virginia |last6=Gómez |first6=Abel |last7=Zecchini |first7=Lorena |last8=Lapunzina |first8=Pablo |last9=Aza-Carmona |first9=Miriam |last10=Heath |first10=Karen E. |last11=Asteggiano |first11=Carla Gabriela |date=2022-11-07 |title=Clinical and Genetic Analysis of Multiple Osteochondromas in a Cohort of Argentine Patients |url=https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4425/13/11/2063 |journal=Genes |language=en |volume=13 |issue=11 |pages=2063 |doi=10.3390/genes13112063 |issn=2073-4425 |pmc=9690389 |pmid=36360300}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Multiple Osteochondromatosis (MO, MIM 133700 &amp; 133701), an autosomal dominant O-glycosylation disorder (EXT1/EXT2-CDG), can be associated with a reduction in skeletal growth, bony deformity, restricted joint motion, shortened stature and pathogenic variants in two tumor suppressor genes, EXT1 and EXT2. In this work, we report a cross-sectional study including 35 index patients and 20 affected family members. Clinical phenotyping of all 55 affected cases was obtained, but genetic studies were performed only in 35 indexes.''

'''Hariri O, Al Laham O, Ibrahim Basha Z, Ghannam E, Ghannam M, Mohammad A. Multiple Hereditary Exostoses instigating a popliteal pseudoaneurysm in a young Middle Eastern male: A case report and literature review. Int J Surg Case Rep. 2024 Apr 12;118:109633. doi: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2024.109633. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 38626641; PMCID: PMC11035074.'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Hariri |first=Omar |last2=Al Laham |first2=Omar |last3=Ibrahim Basha |first3=Zein |last4=Ghannam |first4=Eman |last5=Ghannam |first5=Mohammad |last6=Mohammad |first6=Ammar |date=2024-05 |title=Multiple Hereditary Exostoses instigating a popliteal pseudoaneurysm in a young Middle Eastern male: A case report and literature review |url=https://journals.lww.com/10.1016/j.ijscr.2024.109633 |journal=International Journal of Surgery Case Reports |language=en |volume=118 |issue=C |doi=10.1016/j.ijscr.2024.109633 |issn=2210-2612 |pmc=11035074 |pmid=38626641}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''We present the case of a 37-year-old Middle Eastern male with Multiple Hereditary Exostoses who experienced sudden-onset left lower limb pain persisting for a month prior to admission. It was associated with coldness and paresthesia of the ipsilateral lower limb. The presurgical radiological workup uncovered a popliteal pseudoaneurysm subsequent to Multiple Hereditary Exostoses.''

'''Kambouris, M., Fadda A, Al-Arraj, Y, et al., 2016. Putative Relation Between Autism Spectrum Disease &amp; Hereditary Multiple Exostosis Investigated by Whole Genome Sequencing &amp; Comparative Genome Analyses in a Family with ASD and HME with EXT-1 Mutations''' ''A family with two male children affected with ASD and HME as well as an unaffected female child, was studied to identify the Genetic basis of ASD in the family and the possible relation between ASD &amp; HME. The HME unaffected parent [mother] contributed heterozygous variants in the Heparan Sulfate biosynthesis pathway that in synergy with the EXT-1 mutation could be the genetic causes of ASD in the family.''

'''Kim, Min Jeong, Yunjin Lee, Sang Ook Nam, Young Mi Kim, 2021. An 8q24.11q24.13 Microdeletion Encompassing EXT1 in a Boy with Autistic Spectrum Disorder, Intellectual Disability, and Multiple Hereditary Exostoses. Annals of Child Neurology. Letter to the Editor, 11/9/2021.''' ''Here, we describe the case of a boy with a microdeletion (8q24.11q24.13 [118,625,768-124,169,620]×1), who presented with autism, intellectual disability, and MHE. the parents signed informed consent and approved the anonymous use of clinical and molecular data for the present diagnostic study'''''.'''

'''Küçükesmen, Çiḡdem DDS, PhD, Buḡra Özen, DDS, PhD,b and Mustafa Akçam, DDS, PhDc, 1997. Multiple Hereditary Osteochondromatosis: A Case Report. Eur J Dent. 2007 Jul; 1(3): 183–187.&lt;nowiki&gt;https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih&lt;/nowiki&gt;.''' ''Common carious lesions owing to vomiting are not widespread in children. In this case, we aimed to report an 11-years-old male patient with common carious lesions due to repeated vomitings, chewing and eating difficulty and retarded growth with Multiple Hereditary Osteochondromatosis (MHO).''

'''Li H, Yamagata T, Mori M, Momoi MY. 2002.Association of autism in two patients with hereditary multiple exostoses caused by novel deletion mutations of EXT1. J Hum Genet 2002;47:262-5. &lt;nowiki&gt;https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12032595/&lt;/nowiki&gt;.'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Li |first=Hung |last2=Yamagata |first2=Takanori |last3=Mori |first3=Masato |last4=Momoi |first4=Mariko Y. |date=2002 |title=Association of autism in two patients with hereditary multiple exostoses caused by novel deletion mutations of EXT1 |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12032595 |journal=Journal of Human Genetics |volume=47 |issue=5 |pages=262–265 |doi=10.1007/s100380200036 |issn=1434-5161 |pmid=12032595}}&lt;/ref&gt;''  Two boys from separate families presented with hereditary multiple exostoses (EXT) and autism associated with mental retardation.'' 

'''Malagón, V., 2001.  Development of Hip Dysplasia in Hereditary Multiple Exostosis. Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics, 21(2): 205-211.  &lt;nowiki&gt;https://journals.lww.com/pedorthopaedics/Abstract/2001/03000/Development_of_Hip_Dysplasia_in_Hereditary.14.aspx&lt;/nowiki&gt;''.'''''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Development of Hip Dysplasia in Hereditary... : Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics |url=https://www.ovid.com/jnls/pedorthopaedics/fulltext/01241398-200103000-00014~development-of-hip-dysplasia-in-hereditary-multiple |access-date=2026-07-16 |website=Ovid |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''In approximately 25% of patients with hereditary multiple exostosis, there is an abnormal osteochondral formation localized in the femoral proximal metaphysis. Although this entity is rather frequent and quite severe, it is rarely found in the medical literature. The author describes six private cases, taken from a total of 24,000 patients (0.25/1000) as examples of this entity, and provides a review of the literature.'' 

'''Mazza, D., Fabbri, M., Calderaro, C., Iorio, C., Labianca, L., Poggi, C., Turturro, F., Montanaro, A., &amp; Ferretti, A. (2017). Chest pain caused by multiple exostoses of the ribs: A case report and a review of literature. World journal of orthopedics, 8(5), 436–440. https://doi.org/10.5312/wjo.v8.i5.436&lt;nowiki/&gt;.'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Mazza |first=Daniele |last2=Fabbri |first2=Mattia |last3=Calderaro |first3=Cosma |last4=Iorio |first4=Carlo |last5=Labianca |first5=Luca |last6=Poggi |first6=Camilla |last7=Turturro |first7=Francesco |last8=Montanaro |first8=Antonello |last9=Ferretti |first9=Andrea |date=2017 |title=Chest pain caused by multiple exostoses of the ribs: A case report and a review of literature |url=http://www.wjgnet.com/2218-5836/full/v8/i5/436.htm |journal=World Journal of Orthopedics |language=en |volume=8 |issue=5 |pages=436 |doi=10.5312/wjo.v8.i5.436 |issn=2218-5836 |pmc=5434351 |pmid=28567348}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''An exceptional case of multiple internal exostoses of the ribs in a young patient affected by multiple hereditary exostoses (MHE) coming to our observation for chest pain as the only symptom of an intra-thoracic localization. The computed tomography (CT) scan revealed the presence of three exostoses located on the left third, fourth and sixth ribs, all protruding into the thoracic cavity, directly in contact with visceral pleura. Moreover, the apex of the one located on the sixth rib revealed to be only 12 mm away from pericardium.'' 

'''Montgomery BK, Cahan EM, Frick S. Spinal Screening MRI Trends in Patients with Multiple Hereditary Exostoses: National Survey- PubMed''' '''. Cureus. 2019 Dec 23;11(12):e6452. doi: 10.7759/cureus.6452. PMID: 32010535; PMCID: PMC6975245'''''.''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Montgomery |first=Blake K |last2=Cahan |first2=Eli M |last3=Frick |first3=Steve |date=2019-12-23 |title=Spinal Screening MRI Trends in Patients with Multiple Hereditary Exostoses: National Survey |url=https://www.cureus.com/articles/23789-spinal-screening-mri-trends-in-patients-with-multiple-hereditary-exostoses-national-survey |journal=Cureus |language=en |doi=10.7759/cureus.6452 |issn=2168-8184 |pmc=6975245 |pmid=32010535}}&lt;/ref&gt;  ''Background Multiple hereditary exostoses (MHE) is a rare disease characterized by multiple osteochondromas. Osteochondromas growing into the spinal canal can produce devastating consequences, including permanent neurologic deficits and even death.  This study presents a case of an intracanal osteochondroma at C1 identified by routine screening and a survey describing current practices of MHE experts.''

'''Narvid, J., M. L. Gorno-Tempini, A. Slavotinek, S. J. DeArmond, Y. H. Cha, B. L. Miller &amp; K. Rankin, 2009. Of brain and bone: The unusual case of Dr. A. Neurocase Vol. 15, Iss. 3, 2009.''' '''&lt;nowiki&gt;http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13554790802632967&lt;/nowiki&gt;'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Narvid |first=J. |last2=Gorno-Tempini |first2=M. L. |last3=Slavotinek |first3=A. |last4=DeArmond |first4=S. J. |last5=Cha |first5=Y. H. |last6=Miller |first6=B. L. |last7=Rankin |first7=K. |date=2009-06-01 |title=Of brain and bone: The unusual case of Dr. A |url=https://doi.org/10.1080/13554790802632967 |journal=Neurocase |volume=15 |issue=3 |pages=190–205 |doi=10.1080/13554790802632967 |issn=1355-4794 |pmc=2997763 |pmid=20183548}}&lt;/ref&gt;''. Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is a clinical syndrome characterized by progressive decline in social conduct and a focal pattern of frontal and temporal lobe damage. Its biological basis is still poorly understood but the focality of the brain degeneration provides a powerful model to study the cognitive and anatomical basis of social cognition. Here, we present Dr. A, a patient with a rare hereditary bone disease (hereditary multiple exostoses) and FTD (pathologically characterized as Pick's disease),  This case provides new evidence regarding the neural basis of social cognition and suggests a possible genetic link between bone disease and FTD.''

'''Puiu1, Maria , Iulia Simina-Jurca, Simona Dumitriu, Smaranda Arghirescu,  Adela Chirita-Emandi,  2012. . Multiple Hereditary Exostoses - Clinical Features and Management.''' ''We report two cases of skeletally immature patients who presented with multiple exostoses, bone deformation without bone pain; and growth and pubertal retardation. The cases need adequate counseling, long-term follow-up, and measures to improve the quality of life of patients with multiple hereditary exostoses.''

'''Stitzman Wengrowicz, M.L., J  Pretell-Mazzini,  J.P. Dormans, R.S. Davidson, 2011.. Regression of a Sessile Osteochondroma: A Case Study and Review of the Literature.''' ''&lt;nowiki&gt;https://www.researchgate.net/publication/267426996_Regression_of_a_Sessile_Osteochondroma_A_Case_Study_and_Review_of_the_Literature&lt;/nowiki&gt; . The most common benign bone tumor is osteochondroma.  Its natural history is poorly understood as a consequence of its benign symptomatology in most cases. It typically grows in childhood and growth during adulthood can be a sign of malignant  degeneration. We present  a case of  spontaneous regression of  a solitary osteochondroma.  A review of the  current  literature which  reveals 21  other cases of  spontaneous regression  of solitary  osteochondromas is also discussed. We believe that the possibility of regression of solitary osteochondromas should be taken into account when considering surgical excision.''

'''Viala P, Vanel D, Larbi A, Cyteval C, Laredo JD. Bilateral ischiofemoral impingement in a patient with hereditary multiple exostoses. Skeletal Radiol. 2012;41:1637–40. [PubMed] &lt;nowiki&gt;https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22865159/&lt;/nowiki&gt;.'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Viala |first=Pierre |last2=Vanel |first2=Daniel |last3=Larbi |first3=Ahmed |last4=Cyteval |first4=Catherine |last5=Laredo |first5=Jean-Denis |date=2012-12 |title=Bilateral ischiofemoral impingement in a patient with hereditary multiple exostoses |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22865159 |journal=Skeletal Radiology |volume=41 |issue=12 |pages=1637–1640 |doi=10.1007/s00256-012-1488-0 |issn=1432-2161 |pmid=22865159}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''We report a case of bilateral ischiofemoral impingement in a patient with hereditary multiple exostoses. The association of exostoses and femoral metaphyseal widening resulted in the narrowing of the ischiofemoral spaces.''

'''Wang YZ, Park KW, Oh CS, Ahn YS, Kang QL, Jung ST, Song HR. Developmental pattern of the hip in patients with hereditary multiple exostoses. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2015;16:54'''''.'' '''https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4429362/&lt;nowiki/&gt;.'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Wang |first=Ya-Zhou |last2=Park |first2=Kwang-Won |last3=Oh |first3=Chang-Seon |last4=Ahn |first4=Yeong-Seub |last5=Kang |first5=Qing-Lin |last6=Jung |first6=Sung-Taek |last7=Song |first7=Hae-Ryong |date=2015-03-15 |title=Developmental pattern of the hip in patients with hereditary multiple exostoses |url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4429362/ |journal=BMC musculoskeletal disorders |volume=16 |pages=54 |doi=10.1186/s12891-015-0514-5 |issn=1471-2474 |pmc=4429362 |pmid=25888017}}&lt;/ref&gt; '''C'''''oxa valga is a common clinical feature of hereditary multiple exostoses (HME). The current study aimed to determine the unique developmental pattern of the hip in patients with HME and evaluate the factors that influence its progression.''

'''Wiater JM, Farley FA. Popliteal pseudoaneurysm caused by an adjacent osteochondroma: a case report and review of the literature. Am J Orthop (Belle Mead NJ). 1999 Jul;28(7):412-6. PMID: 10426440.'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Wiater |first=J. M. |last2=Farley |first2=F. A. |date=1999-07 |title=Popliteal pseudoaneurysm caused by an adjacent osteochondroma: a case report and review of the literature |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10426440 |journal=American Journal of Orthopedics |volume=28 |issue=7 |pages=412–416 |issn=1078-4519 |pmid=10426440}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''A male 17-year-old with multiple hereditary exostoses presented with a mass in the distal left thigh several days after lifting weights. An arteriogram showed a popliteal artery pseudoaneurysm adjacent to a femoral osteochondroma. The osteochondroma was excised and the artery was repaired with a saphenous vein interposition graft. A review of the literature identified 23 similar reports. The average age of the patients was 21.3 years. Seventy-eight percent were men and half of the patients had multiple hereditary exostoses. Ten patients were initially misdiagnosed. The clinician should consider the diagnosis of pseudoaneurysm in a young patient with an osteochondroma and a mass about the knee.''

'''Zaijun L, Xinhai Y, Zhipeng W, Wending H, Quan H, Zhenhua Z, Dapeng F, Jisheng Z, Wei Z, Jianru X. 2013. Outcome and prognosis of myelopathy and radiculopathy from osteochondroma in the mobile spine: a report on 14 patients. J Spinal Disord Tech 26:194–199.''' ''Fourteen symptomatic spinal osteochondroma (OC)  cases, including 2 hereditary multiple exostoses, were treated surgically from 2001 to 2010.''

= People and books with HME: =
[[w:Deena_Larsen|Deena Larsen]] wrote about her mother at http://www.deenalarsen.net/firs

Irv Rosenfeld wrote about his experiences with medical marijuana from the U.S. government in My Medicine.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=MY MEDICINE |url=https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/22078567-my-medicine |access-date=2026-07-15 |website=Goodreads |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

= Spanish Translation =


Problemas de deficiencia de proteoglicano de sulfato de heparán (HSPG). La MHE es el resultado de una mutación en los genes EXT1 y EXT2. Los pacientes con MHE tienen una biosíntesis de HSPG defectuosa: sus cuerpos no producen HSPG (cf Cueller et al. 2013 y Jones et al. 2014). Los HSPG son parte de cada superficie celular y regulan los procesos biológicos (cf Zak et al. 2002, Meneghetti et al. 2015). Desempeñan un papel vital en la adhesión, migración, crecimiento y comunicación celular (Vicente et al. 2018). Whitlock e Iozzo (2005) han identificado varias enfermedades relacionadas con la ausencia de HSPG (es decir, si un proceso corporal requiere HSPG y no hay suficiente HSPG para completar esa función, entonces podrían ocurrir estos problemas). Los pacientes con MHE han reportado síntomas como:

* Baja masa ósea (Nozawa et al. 2018 y Matsumoto et al. 2020)
* Deficiencias neurológicas: Trastorno del espectro autista (Li et al, 2002, Fumitoshi et al. 2012, Irie et al, 2012, Yamaguchi 2012, Perez et al. 2015, Kambouris et al. 2016, Kim et al 2022); y problemas cognitivos (Farhan et al. 2015)
* Demencia frontotemporal (Narvid et al. 2009) y TDAH (Mooney et al. 2016), función cerebral (Condomitti y Wit 2018). Vea también el vídeo de ratones MHE en &lt;nowiki&gt;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6-EXRt_YL6A&lt;/nowiki&gt;.
* Enfermedades oculares (Park y Shukla, 2013)
* Defectos dentales (Kucukesmen et al. 2007 y Wiweger et al. 2012)
* Prediabetes (Heibert 2021)Diabetes y dificultad para controlar la glucosa (Matsuzawa 2021)
* Reacciones medicamentosas inusuales (muchos medicamentos actúan sobre el dominio de unión del heparán [Boer y Gaillard 2007]) 
* Fatiga severa y continua (Berg et al. 1999)
* Problemas gástricos graves, incluidas úlceras no causadas por H. pylori (Ascencio et al. 1993 y Chmiela et al. 1995), cáncer gástrico (Weihua et al. 2002) y síndrome de vómitos cíclicos (Kucukesmen et al. 2007 y Theoharides et al. 1999)
* Cálculos renales y otros problemas (véase Van den Born et al. 1993 y Farhan et al. 2015)
* Vértigo e hiperacusia (Lundberg et al., 2014) y migrañas
* Problemas pulmonares (Nackerts et al. 1997 y Haeger et al. 2016)
* Anemia (Poli et al. 2017), coágulos sanguíneos y coagulación (Stringer y Gallagher 1997 y Ho et al. 1997), pseudoaneurismas (Wiater y Farley 1996 y Harari et al. 2024)
* Problemas menstruales y de embarazo extremadamente dolorosos (Alphin et al. 1988, Yin et al. 2018)
* Inflamación (Parroquia 2005); cicatrización lenta de heridas (Zhongjun et al. 2004); cicatrices y queloides (Hosalkar et al. 2007, y problemas del tejido conectivo (Forsberg y Kjellen, 2001 y Otsuka et al. 2020).
* Funciones hepáticas (Arnold et al. 2020 y Dituri et al. 2022)
* Funciones del colesterol y los lípidos (Kolsett y Salmverta 1999) y Síntesis de vitamina D (Cooper 2021)  '''Problemas de crecimiento óseo.''' En la MHE, la falta de HSPG hace que los pacientes desarrollen exostosis, que son tumores benignos en múltiples ubicaciones en todo el cuerpo (Brown 2008, Thompson 2011 y Mansouri et al. 2017). La gravedad (número y tamaño de los tumores y otras complicaciones) de la MHE varía de un paciente a otro. Las exostosis en sí mismas pueden causar numerosos problemas, incluidos: irritación de tendones y músculos que produce dolor y pérdida de movimiento, deformidad esquelética, baja estatura, discrepancia en la longitud de las extremidades, subluxaciones y deformidad angular. Los problemas directamente asociados con estas exostosis incluyen:

* Dolor crónico y problemas con la calidad de vida (Goud et al. 2012)
* Inflamación, respuestas inmunitarias (Callaghan et al. 2018 y Collins y Troeberg 2019)
* Formación de bursa y bursitis resultante, así como artritis de aparición temprana.
* Problemas respiratorios y pulmonares al estar sobre costillas que sobresalen hacia la cavidad torácica (Mazza et al. 2017)
* Irritación de un nervio cercano (dolor, debilidad, entumecimiento, hormigueo)
* Aneurisma de vasos sanguíneos por exostosis que presionan los vasos sanguíneos u otros problemas vasculares (Albokhari et al. 2023)
* Problemas de compresión de la médula espinal: incontinencia, daño nerv'''Résumé de la MEM pour les médecins et les écoles'''

== References ==</text>
      <sha1>gv0t0qfpd7zydjscga9grd4bksoni08</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4680501</id>
      <parentid>4680499</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T17:08:39Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>LoveElectronicLiterature</username>
        <id>3414389</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* See also (MHE sites and resources) */ added heading</comment>
      <origin>4680501</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="118765" sha1="431cylfjseqfbmegrxy8u9lmrbpgr34" xml:space="preserve">{{new book}}
[[W: Hereditary Multiple Exostoses|Hereditary Multiple Exostoses]] (HME) is a rare disease. It is also referred to as Multiple Hereditary Exostoses (MHE), Hereditary Multiple Osteochondromas (HMO), and Multiple Osteochondromas (MO). 

== Bone Issues ==
The first sign of HME is usually multiple bone tumors. See the online Multiple Osteochondromas Mutation Database  for an overview of the reported variants.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Jennes |first=Ivy |last2=Pedrini |first2=Elena |last3=Zuntini |first3=Monia |last4=Mordenti |first4=Marina |last5=Balkassmi |first5=Sahila |last6=Asteggiano |first6=Carla G. |last7=Casey |first7=Brett |last8=Bakker |first8=Bert |last9=Sangiorgi |first9=Luca |last10=Wuyts |first10=Wim |date=2009 |title=Multiple osteochondromas: mutation update and description of the multiple osteochondromas mutation database (MOdb) |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/humu.21123 |journal=Human Mutation |language=en |volume=30 |issue=12 |pages=1620–1627 |doi=10.1002/humu.21123 |issn=1098-1004}}&lt;/ref&gt;  In MHE, the lack of HSPG causes patients to develop exostoses, which are benign tumors in multiple locations throughout the body (Brown 2008, Thompson 2011, and Mansouri et al. 2017). The severity (number and size of tumors and other complications) for MHE varies from patient to patient. Exostoses themselves can cause numerous problems including: irritation of tendons and muscles resulting in pain and loss of motion, skeletal deformity, short stature, limb length discrepancy, subluxations, and angular deformity, with a chance for chondrosarcoma (Fei et al. 2018). Problems directly associated with these exostoses include:

* Chronic pain and issues with quality of life (Goud et al. 2012,&lt;ref name=&quot;:9&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Pain, Physical and Social Functioning, and... : Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery |url=https://www.ovid.com/jnls/jbjsjournal/fulltext/10.2106/jbjs.k.00406~pain-physical-and-social-functioning-and-quality-of-life-in |access-date=2026-07-16 |website=Ovid |language=en |doi=10.2106/JBJS.K.00406}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bathen et al. 2019, Tremorsini 2025)
* Inflammation, immune responses (Callaghan et al. 2018, Collins and Troeberg 2019)  
* Bursa formation (Rueda et al. 2025) and resulting bursitis as well as early onset arthritis 
* Breathing and lung issues when on ribs protruding into the thoracic cavity (Mazza et al. 2017)
*  Irritation of a nearby nerve (pain, weakness, numbness, tingling) 
*  Blood vessel aneurysm from exostoses pressing on blood vessels or other vascular problems (Albokhari et al. 2023)
* Spinal cord compression issues: incontinence, nerve damage and nerve problems associated with spinal tumors (Bari et al. 2012, Burki et al. 2011, Zaijun et al. 2013, Montgomery et al. 2019, and Monroig-Rivera et al. 2025)

== List of associated issues ==
'''Heparan Sulfate ProteoGlycan (HSPG) Deficiency Issues.''' MHE results from a mutation in the EXT1 and EXT2 genes.  MHE patients have defective HSPG biosynthesis--their bodies do not produce HSPG ('''cf''' Cueller et al. 2013, Jones et al,. 2014, and Pacifici et al. 2019&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Pacifici |first=Maurizio |date=2018-10 |title=The pathogenic roles of heparan sulfate deficiency in hereditary multiple exostoses |url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6015767/ |journal=Matrix Biology: Journal of the International Society for Matrix Biology |volume=71-72 |pages=28–39 |doi=10.1016/j.matbio.2017.12.011 |issn=1569-1802 |pmc=6015767 |pmid=29277722}}&lt;/ref&gt;).  HSPGs are part of every cell surface and regulate biological processes ( '''cf''' Zak et al. 2002, Meneghetti et al. 2015). HSPGs  play a vital role in cell adhesion, migration, growth, and communication (Bishop et al. 20017, Kempf et al 2017, Vicente et al. 2018). Whitlock and Iozzo (2005) have identified '''various diseases related to HSPG's absence''' (i.e., i'''f a body process requires HSPG and there is not enough HSPG to complete that function, then these issues could occur).  MHErs reported symptoms such as:'''

* Severe and continuing fatigue (Berg et al. 1999, Bathen 2019) 
* Neurological deficiencies: Autism Spectrum Disorder (Fumitoshi et al. 2012,  Irie et al, 2012, Yamaguchi 2012, Perez et al. 2015, Kambouris et al. 2016, Kim et al 2022); cognitive issues (Farhan et al. 2015); tremors (Aldunate et al. 2004). 
* Sleep disorders (Clark 2022, Chen 2023)
* Vertigo and hyperacusis (Lundberg et al., 2014) 
* Low bone mass (Nozawa et al. 2018 and Matsumoto et al. 2020) 
* Severe gastric issues  (Huang et al. 2018, Rueda et al. 2025) , including non ''H. Pylori'' ulcers (Ascencio et al. 1993 and Chmiela et al. 1995), gastric cancer (Weihua et al. 2002) and Cyclic Vomiting Syndrome (Kucukesmen et al. 2007)
* Fronto-temporal dementia (Narvid et al. 2009) and ADHD (Mooney et al. 2016), brain function (Condomitti and Wit 2018). Also see video of MHE mice at &lt;nowiki&gt;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6-EXRt_YL6A&lt;/nowiki&gt;.
* Eyesight/ocular diseases (Park and Shukla, 2013)
* Dental defects (Kucukesmen et al. 2007 and Wiweger et al. 2012)
* Prediabetes  (Heibert 2021)Diabetes and glucose difficulty (Matsuzawa 2021)
* Unusual drug reactions (many drugs act on heparan-binding domain [Boer and Gaillard 2007])
* Kidney stones and other problems (See Van den Born et al. 1993 and Farhan et al. 2015)
* Lung issues (Nackerts et al. 1997 and Haeger et al. 2016)
* Anemia (Poli et al. 2017), blood clots and coagulation (Stringer and Gallagher 1997 and Ho et al. 1997), psuedoaneurysms (Wiater and Farley 1996 and Harari et al. 2024)
* Extremely painful menstruation and pregnancy issues (Alphin et al. 1988, Yin et al. 2018)
* Inflammation (Parish 2005); slow wound healing (Zhongjun et al. 2004); scarring and keloids  (Hosalkar et al. 2007)
* Connective tissue issues (Forsberg and Kjellen, 2001 and Otsuka et al. 2020).
* Liver functions (Arnold et al. 2020 and Dituri et al. 2022)
* Cholesterol and lipid functions (Kolsett and Salmverta 1999)
* Deficient Vitamin D synthesis (Cooper 2021)

== Children's Corner ==

=== Teach your child to live with MHE ===
You just got a diagnosis for your child and you are terrified for their life.  Yeah, MHE sucks. And it is a life-long, untreatable disease. Sure you can have surgery, sure, physical therapy helps. But the underlying condition will be there every day for the rest of your life. So. How can you prepare your child to live successfully with MHE?

* '''Believe their pain.''' MHE can have some strange symptoms. Even the bones can subluxate (go in and out) within seconds, so the kid who could not walk two minutes ago is running now. Believe your child. Do not let the doctors gaslight you or your child into pretending that nothing is wrong.
* '''Let your child master their pain.''' Give your child as much control and autonomy as possible. Provide a &quot;pain corner&quot; with comfy pillows, their favorite toys, quiet activities, warmies or coolies. Let your child go to that pain area whenever they feel the need--when they are tired or in pain. This lets them regulate their own pain and functions. 
* '''Teach your child to brainstorm and plan around problems.''' Pain and limited mobility may limit certain options, but life still goes on. So when your child can not do something, brainstorm with them. Use your imaginations. You can not climb these steps. Ok, how can you get into the room? Can you slide on your butt? Should we get a giraffe from next door to help out? (Throw in silly suggestions because that expands their imagination and puts a bit of humor into the situation.) 

=== Advocate for your child with HME in schools ===
It is vital to advocate for your child so that they can work well in schools. Here are some suggested ways to ask for accommodations for this complex disease. Note that not every child will need all of these accommodations. 

My child has MHE, which involves bony bumps on their bones that can vary in size, location, and number as well as some neurological and other physical symptoms.Accommodations are needed for my child’s symptoms, which include:

*  '''Limited mobility.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Amajjar |first=Ihsane |last2=Vergauwen |first2=Kuni |last3=Willigenburg |first3=Nienke W. |last4=Huijnen |first4=Ivan P. J. |last5=Smeets |first5=Rob J. E. M. |last6=Ham |first6=S. John |date=2025-05-30 |title=Physical activity level and health-related quality of life in adults with multiple osteochondromas: a Dutch cross-sectional study |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-025-02812-3 |journal=Scientific Reports |language=en |volume=15 |issue=1 |pages=18990 |doi=10.1038/s41598-025-02812-3 |issn=2045-2322}}&lt;/ref&gt;''' Allow my child to participate in sports and in activities to the best of their abilities. When starting something new, allow my child to go last and ask my child privately if they can perform that action. If not, quietly allow them to pursue a different prearranged activity. Note that mobility changes daily and sometimes hourly, depending on the bone growth stages, whether muscle has moved over a bone growth,  or other complications.
*  '''Neurological symptoms'''. My child has Asperger-like and ADHD symptoms,&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Irie |first=Fumitoshi |last2=Badie-Mahdavi |first2=Hedieh |last3=Yamaguchi |first3=Yu |date=2012-03-27 |title=Autism-like socio-communicative deficits and stereotypies in mice lacking heparan sulfate |url=https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.1117881109 |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |volume=109 |issue=13 |pages=5052–5056 |doi=10.1073/pnas.1117881109}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Irie |first=Fumitoshi |last2=Badie-Mahdavi |first2=Hedieh |last3=Yamaguchi |first3=Yu |date=2012-03-27 |title=Autism-like socio-communicative deficits and stereotypies in mice lacking heparan sulfate |url=https://pnas.org/doi/full/10.1073/pnas.1117881109 |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |language=en |volume=109 |issue=13 |pages=5052–5056 |doi=10.1073/pnas.1117881109 |issn=0027-8424 |pmc=3323986 |pmid=22411800}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Pérez |first=Christine |last2=Sawmiller |first2=Darrell |last3=Tan |first3=Jun |date=2016-04-18 |title=The role of heparan sulfate deficiency in autistic phenotype: potential involvement of Slit/Robo/srGAPs-mediated dendritic spine formation |url=https://doi.org/10.1186/s13064-016-0066-x |journal=Neural Development |language=en |volume=11 |issue=1 |pages=11 |doi=10.1186/s13064-016-0066-x |issn=1749-8104 |pmc=4836088 |pmid=27089953}}&lt;/ref&gt; so please engage all measures for children on the spectrum as well as ADHD. Bone tumors on the spine can also create neurological issues.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Hereditary-multiple-exostoses-causing-cord-Bari-Alam/4687ea7d1225f1ecf4ecf4742a794f84576dce6d/figure/0 |access-date=2026-07-15 |website=www.semanticscholar.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; Please understand that bright lights or sound may cause pain or other issues. Please report any behavioral issues so that we can determine if MHE may be underlying these problems and we can address the issues with reasonable accommodations and an Individual Education Plan.
*  '''Frequent pain and fatigue&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Mitchell |first=Christina M. |last2=Beals |first2=Janette |last3=Whitesell |first3=Nancy Rumbaugh |last4=Voices of Indian Teens team |last5=Pathways of Choice team |date=2008-09 |title=Alcohol use among American Indian high school youths from adolescence and young adulthood: a latent Markov model |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18781241 |journal=Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs |volume=69 |issue=5 |pages=666–675 |issn=1937-1888 |pmc=2575396 |pmid=18781241}}&lt;/ref&gt;'''. If my child is in pain or is tired, allow them to rest in preplanned area with preplanned quiet activities (reading, watching an educational video, etc.). This area should be equipped with a heating pad and medication should be dispensed as agreed upon by me and the school.  
* '''Writing difficulties'''.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; My child may have extra bones on their wrists or hands, making writing painful. Please allow my child to use a computer.  Typing may be slow and please allow other software such as Dragon Naturally Speaking or Otter AI.
*  '''Coordination difficulties'''. My child may have neurological difficulties and problems coordinating eyesight. Please allow more time for tests if needed. Administer tests that require filling in bubbles in an alternative method.
* '''Incontinence/Vomiting'''. Please allow my child free access to the restroom without requiring a pass for sudden issues. Keep a spare set of clothing at the school in case of accidents.
* '''Hall passes.'''  Give my child access to the nurse and bathroom as they determine that they need to go. My child may have bathroom urgencies or need to get pain medication quickly. My child may also have a limb that has &quot;gone out&quot; or stopped working for a few seconds to a few days and will need to attend to that medical urgency. 

=== Advocation Laws and Directives ===
In U.S. cite Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act.


= How to Respond to Doctors =
There are suggested treatment protocols for MHE (see Rueda et al., 2025). However, MHE is a rare disease, and you will probably be the first patient that a medical practitioner has ever seen with this disease.  Try to be patient with the doctors and get doctors who work with you as a partner--you having lived with MHE do know a lot about your body! Ill-informed or too-busy doctors often rely on research that is outdated or inaccurate. Here are some common misconceptions that a doctor might tell you and how to respond. Before you go to the doctor, write out your questions. Take someone with you to take notes. Advocate for yourself! 

1.'''I have never seen an MHE patient. Surely this is just a bone condition!''' The condition involves much more than bone growths. MHErs do not biosynthesize heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPG), in much the same way that diabetics do not biosynthesize insulin (see Cueller et al. 2013 and Jones et al. 2014). Those HSPGs play a vital role in pretty much every single cell and every system in a human body (Bishop et al. 2017). Therefore, since I do not have sufficient levels of HSPG, I can have many different problems. Let's rule out anything comorbid (in other words, any other disease I might have at the same time). IF we can not find something to explain the cause of my symptoms of {REPEAT YOUR SYMPTOMS HERE} then we can blame the MHE and treat the symptoms.

'''2. You do not feel pain. It is just stress.'''  Bone does not have nerves, therefore there is no pain.  Even if that were true (which it is not--see Nencini and Ivanusic 2016&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Nencini |first=Sara |last2=Ivanusic |first2=Jason J. |date=2016-04-26 |title=The Physiology of Bone Pain. How Much Do We Really Know? |url=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/physiology/articles/10.3389/fphys.2016.00157/full |journal=Frontiers in Physiology |language=English |volume=7 |doi=10.3389/fphys.2016.00157 |issn=1664-042X |pmc=4844598 |pmid=27199772}}&lt;/ref&gt; for example ), then you wouldn't mind putting a stone in your shoe, right? Because the stone would not feel any pain. Oh, you wouldn't like that because it might hurt? Really? Ok. So I have an extra bone (LIKE A STONE) where there should only be muscle, nerve, and ligaments (LIKE A FOOT). For MHE-specific pain studies, see Darilek et al. 2005.

3. '''Your MHE did not cause x symptom.'''  I had one MHE patient (or read a case study) and they did not have x symptom, so therefore you do not have x symptom (or x symptom is unrelated). MHE is a rare and complex disease. Sometimes medical professionals will resort to explanations of hypochondria or Munchausens to explain away something that they do not understand. MHE is different for each patient, as there are different genetic mutations (EXT1, EXT2, EXT3 genes all play a role, as well as your other genetic profiles). There is not enough research to determine whether your symptoms are or are not caused by MHE. It is best to work with a doctor who will look for causes and accept that your MHE is not the same as anyone else's--including your own family members. Also, look at the list below for similar case studies on HME.  

'''4. No one else has had that reaction to that drug. You are lying or mistaken.''' No. HSPG plays a role in nearly every body function and is assumed to be present. My body does not produce HSPG. Therefore my drug interactions may well differ!&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Boer |first=A. G. de |last2=Gaillard |first2=P. J. |date=2007-02-10 |title=Drug Targeting to the Brain |url=https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev.pharmtox.47.120505.105237 |journal=Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology |language=en |volume=47 |issue=Volume 47, 2007 |pages=323–355 |doi=10.1146/annurev.pharmtox.47.120505.105237 |issn=0362-1642}}&lt;/ref&gt;  

5. '''The bones do not grow past puberty. If they have, then it is cancer.''' While studies have assumed this, it is not true. This has not been well researched, because it is difficult to have full xrays and to monitor over a lifetime, which would be required for absolute proof. But while there is a slight chance of chondrosarcoma, other MHE patients have reported bone growth past puberty. See the pictures of the 92- year old woman's skeleton with MHE. Bones grew back over her surgeries at age 70 and 80. If bones do not grow back, how do you explain the growths on her implants?

=== Questions to ask doctors if you are not being taken seriously ===
'''Scripts to Use When You Feel Dismissed'''

'''• This is affecting my daily life. I can not function well with this problem.''' Show pictures. Keep a diary of your pain and what you are not able to do. For example: When the tumor on my rib prevents me from raising my arm, I can not dress myself or brush my hair. When the fatigue is so bad, I can not go to class. When the pain is over a 5 (slamming your hand in a car door) continually, then I can not think well.

'''• Yes, the test results you got were normal, but I have problems.''' However, there are no tests for Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans, which may play a role. Therefore, we need to look deeper. I still have these issues. Explain again that you have MHE and do not biosynthesize HSPG, which plays a role in every cell. Look for common problems--because of course you can still have those! But do not let the doctor gaslight you into thinking it is all in your head. If nothing else, look in Google Scholar with HSPG and your symptom. 

'''• I’m still concerned. Can we talk about next steps?'''  What can we do, and how long should we wait to see if that step works? Ask again about your specific symptom. There may be a medication to try, or physical therapy. Note what you have tried--keep a record!

'''Scripts for When Symptoms Are Minimized'''

'''• This may seem mild to you, but this is really affecting my life.''' Again, be specific. Use the analogy of a rock in your shoe or anything else that makes sense to you.

'''• I'm a zebra. I have a rare complex disease. What can we do?''' Again remind them that MHE is a complex systemic disease and the extra bones are only one symptom of a wider range of problems stemming from not biosynthesizing  HSPG. 

• '''While this may seem mild, I think it is part of an overall pattern. This symptom is persistent and worsening, which is why I’m concerned.''' (Keep a diary. Keep images over time). 

'''Scripts for Redirecting the Conversation'''

'''• I know my body is complex. But here is my main issue now--let's focus on that'''. Before your appointment, write out and send a list of your main symptoms. This is a complex disease and you will not get to everything.

• '''Can we  go back to what I mentioned earlier?''' I know that everything is connected, but I am most concerned about ... so I can live my life. Keep that list. Have someone else in the room taking notes on that list of symptoms. 

'''• Please send me a copy of my medical chart.''' I want to be sure my concern is documented in my chart. Always ask for a copy of your medical records, including doctors' notes.

'''Scripts for Asking for Clarification'''

• “Can you explain why you don’t think further evaluation is needed?” (MHE is a life long condition.)

• “What would be a red flag that should prompt me to follow up?” (Ask about red flags for chondrosarcoma)

• “If this doesn’t improve, what’s the next step?” (Get referrals.)

= See also (MHE sites and resources) =

=== Institutions and Foundations ===
MHE Learning System&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Home - MHE Learning System |url=https://mhels.org/ |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=mhels.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; a site for MHE patients to learn about the disease and to cope. 

MHE Research Foundation&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Home |url=https://www.mherf.org/ |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=website |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; a site to share MHE research.

=== Patient's voices ===
YouTube -   [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1YdUFvXH1Kw Voices of MHE: Christine - YouTube]

Deena Larsen: Embodying My Mother's Bones&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Bodies of Knowledge |url=http://www.deenalarsen.net/firs/ |access-date=2026-11-06 |website=www.deenalarsen.net}}&lt;/ref&gt;

= Research and medical studies =
Italics after a citation is a sentence directly from that work that summarizes the main points for HME patients and their doctors. Please go to the actual study cited. 

== HME Specific studies ==

=== Summary studies ===
'''Rueda-de-Eusebio, A., Gomez-Pena, S., Moreno-Casado, M.J. et al. Hereditary multiple exostoses: an educational review. Insights Imaging 16, 46 (2025). &lt;nowiki&gt;https://doi.org/10.1186/s13244-025-01899-6&lt;/nowiki&gt;''' ''  This review summarises current knowledge on the clinical presentation, pathogenesis, imaging characteristics, complications, and treatment of HME.''

=== Autism and neurological issues ===
'''Yamaguchi, Yu. Research on rare bone disorder reveals new insights into autism. &lt;nowiki&gt;https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/857331&lt;/nowiki&gt; March 2012,''' ''Sanford-Burnham researchers discover the molecular basis of autistic symptoms in children with a rare bone disorder -- findings that also provide new insights for the general autistic population.Researchers at Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute (Sanford-Burnham) used a mouse model of MHE to investigate cognitive function. They found that mice with a genetic defect that models human MHE show symptoms that meet the three defining characteristics of autism: social impairment, language deficits, and repetitive behavior.''

See associated video presentations:

[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9SmRRG03zxo Yu Yamaguchi, M.D., Ph.D. - Consequences of Genetic Deficiency]

'Heparan Sulfate, Hereditary Multiple Exostoses, and Autism: Insight from a Rare Disease for a Common Disease&quot; at the Third Annual Rare Disease Day Symposium at Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute. The symposium took place at Sanford-Burnham's La Jolla campus on February 24, 2012 and the focus was Glycosylation-Based Disorders: Discovery, Patients, and Progress Toward Treatments.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |last=Sanford Burnham Prebys |title=Yu Yamaguchi, M.D., Ph.D. |date=2012-03-05 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6-EXRt_YL6A |access-date=2026-09-10}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Heparan Sulfate and Human Diseases, March 5, 2012.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Yu Yamaguchi, M.D., Ph.D. |url=https://www.google.com/search?hl=en-US&amp;hl=en&amp;client=mobilesearchapp&amp;sca_esv=16067ccfc9d0a6cf&amp;channel=iss&amp;rlz=1MDAPLA_enUS667US667&amp;v=437.4.973319807&amp;q=yu+yamaguchi+video&amp;docid=8EyS2A5A5MmJHM&amp;ibp=video&amp;shem=epsd1,ivsple,rimspwouoe&amp;shndl=41&amp;shmd=H4sIAAAAAAAA_42Rz24TMRDGVeDUN4DTqAcqoc0mjUC0kSqUNG0DYkubRKjtbeqdjU3W9uIZN9kbD8UD8Cw8Aw-AFwTiABInW_Pnm983s_vt0e7jmwg3aHEVlTYZFPk0z-BSp-fJWos0POr3yanQNkJlT-7cIF-xoBiVK2_7JnUSv_p4nDKj8UV5dK6u3hWzKb-_qm6ro_nJ4banr882L9qLw_CB2nYwtJNC3Rer2Uu3vOXx9eYpHx8Mnn19-E-QDHwFC3SVD2VvEoPTaKGg0iisYU5MGJSG147FSBSCJqSYEwZtGATrdQZ7-zNqMKCDRawrFMpgRiFJCIYWiliLaWqC061n8UycAboSxlEM21EnbVZaoAreAsIcA8HUpLlMkKBS6MRb692v4B6ggGiCpTYhyTgXO9I_26bYwqK1jWcTbVf-__7yJEvAv5vF-zU0NSr6i84-w1uEN76uERTaJjIkzjO6C7FzPnyewXBwMPxhtyOuvEolG2Q4r1vlua3Tqb3rTRJ02dEnbQo86r7K31No05FSSbfvn0u7DH6VDsCw9BtM7peBUGyXz7dfHnza-bzzHdtbemZ3AgAA&amp;shmds=v1_ARwrE22JjgnjP0eJT9xgIFMVGTFJDAswWntiJI2oXY3-HEfR1A&amp;source=sh/x/vid/m1/5&amp;kgs=82929becb69767fb&amp;utm_source=epsd1,ivsple,rimspwouoe,sh/x/vid/m1/5#fpstate=ive&amp;vld=cid:911b02e3,vid:6-EXRt_YL6A,st:0 |access-date=2026-09-10 |website=www.google.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Pain, disability, and fatigue ===
'''Amajjar I, Vergauwen K, Willigenburg NW, Huijnen IPJ, Smeets RJEM, Ham SJ, 2025, Scientific report. Physical activity level and health-related quality of life in adults with multiple osteochondromas: a Dutch cross-sectional study. 2045-2322, 2025 May 30, Vol. 15, Issue 1'''&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; ''Multiple Osteochondromas (MO) can significantly impact physical functioning,..These results underscore the need for targeted interventions focusing on pain management, psychological factors, and lifestyle changes to improve both PAL and HRQOL in MO patients.''

'''Bathen T, Fredwall S, Steen U, 2019. Fatigue and pain in children and adults with multiple osteochondromas in Norway, a cross-sectional study. International journal of orthopaedic and trauma nursing [Int J Orthop Trauma Nurs] 2019 Aug; Vol. 34, pp. 28-35. Date of Electronic Publication: 2019 Feb 10.  ISSN: 18781241''' &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; ''Background: Multiple Osteochondromas (MO) is a rare skeletal disorder frequently needing orthopaedic surgery. High prevalence of pain has been reported, however fatigue has not previously been investigated.'' ''Results: Children with MO reported significantly higher fatigue than healthy children. Adults reported significantly higher fatigue than the general Norwegian population. Six of 11 children and 20 of 21 adults reported pain. Severe fatigue was more prevalent in persons with high age, high pain intensity and many pain locations; however none of these differences were significant.''

'''Darilek, Sandra MS*; Wicklund, Catherine MS†; Novy, Diane PhD‡; Scott, Allison MD§; Gambello, Michael MD, PhD*; Johnston, Dennis PhD¶; Hecht, Jacqueline PhD*. Hereditary Multiple Exostosis and Pain. Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics 25(3):p 369-376, May 2005. | DOI: 10.1097/01.bpo.0000150813.18673.''' ''This study was undertaken to characterize pain in individuals with hereditary multiple exostosis (HME).  Eighty-four percent of participants reported having pain, indicating that pain is a real problem in HME.''

'''Goud, A. L., de Lange, J., Scholtes, V. A. B., Bulstra, S. K., &amp; Ham, S. J. (2012). Pain, Physical and Social Functioning, and Quality of Life in Individuals with Multiple Hereditary Exostoses in the Netherlands. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery-American Volume, 94A(11), 1013-1020. &lt;nowiki&gt;https://doi.org/10.2106/JBJS.K.00406&lt;/nowiki&gt;.'''&lt;ref name=&quot;:9&quot; /&gt; ''Our study confirms that multiple hereditary exostoses is a chronic disease causing a profound impact on quality of life. The results suggest that pain is not the only problem associated with multiple hereditary exostoses, as it has an extensive influence on daily activities, as well as on social and psychological well-being, causing significant disability.''

'''Tremosini, M., Morri, M., Forni, C., Pedrini, E., Mordenti, M., Gnoli, M., Di Cecco, A., Moroni, A., &amp; Sangiorgi, L. (2025). Pain in patients with multiple inherited osteochondromas: Incidence and potential prognostic factors. Journal of Bone Oncology, 52, 100672.''' ''Purpose: the purpose of this study was to describe the baseline characteristics, presenting phenotype and treatment interventions for patients diagnosed with multiple osteochondromas who presented with severe pain'' ''symptoms. .Conclusion: from the early stages of multiple osteochondromas diagnosis, pain symptoms must be carefully assessed. An increase in age is associated with a worsening of pain; IOR classification of the multiple osteo-chondromas phenotype does not currently allow an association between the various classes and pain. A re-evaluation of the classification in this light could be an important new element for clinical practice.''

=== Bone growth complications ===
'''Burki, Vincent, Alexander So, Bérengère Aubry-Rozier, 2011. Cervical myelopathy in hereditary multiple exostoses, Joint Bone Spine, Volume 78, Issue 4, &lt;nowiki&gt;https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbspin.2011.02.021&lt;/nowiki&gt;'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Burki |first=Vincent |last2=So |first2=Alexander |last3=Aubry-Rozier |first3=Bérengère |date=2011-07 |title=Cervical myelopathy in hereditary multiple exostoses |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1297319X11000558 |journal=Joint Bone Spine |language=en |volume=78 |issue=4 |pages=412–414 |doi=10.1016/j.jbspin.2011.02.021}}&lt;/ref&gt;'''.''' ''Spinal cord compression due to cervical exostoses is a rare but recognized complication of hereditary multiple exostosis (HME), an autosomal dominant disorder. This disease, also called multiple osteochondromatosis, is characterised by osteocartilaginous exostoses, typically involving the juxtaepiphyseal regions of long bones. Complications such as transformation to sarcoma (1 to 5%) or neurological compression (of the spinal cord, 1 to 9%) can arise during the course of the disease.''

'''Bukowska-Olech Ewelina, Trzebiatowska Wiktoria, Czech Wiktor, Drzymała Olga, Frąk Piotr, Klarowski Franciszek, Kłusek Piotr, Szwajkowska Anna, Jamsheer Aleksander, Hereditary Multiple Exostoses—A Review of the Molecular Background, Diagnostics, and Potential Therapeutic Strategies. &lt;nowiki&gt;https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fgene.2021.759129&lt;/nowiki&gt; '''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Bukowska-Olech |first=Ewelina |last2=Trzebiatowska |first2=Wiktoria |last3=Czech |first3=Wiktor |last4=Drzymała |first4=Olga |last5=Frąk |first5=Piotr |last6=Klarowski |first6=Franciszek |last7=Kłusek |first7=Piotr |last8=Szwajkowska |first8=Anna |last9=Jamsheer |first9=Aleksander |date=2021-12-10 |title=Hereditary Multiple Exostoses—A Review of the Molecular Background, Diagnostics, and Potential Therapeutic Strategies |url=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/genetics/articles/10.3389/fgene.2021.759129/full |journal=Frontiers in Genetics |language=English |volume=12 |doi=10.3389/fgene.2021.759129 |issn=1664-8021 |pmc=8704583 |pmid=34956317}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''' '''''Hereditary multiple exostoses (HMEs) syndrome, also known as multiple osteochondromas, represents a rare and severe human skeletal disorder. The disease may severely affect the quality of patients’ life due to motion impairments, skeletal deformations, chronic pain, or growth retardation and possibility of malignant transformation of exostoses.''

'''Matsumoto, K., Ogawa, H., Nozawa, S. et al. An analysis of osteoporosis in patients with hereditary multiple exostoses. Osteoporos Int 31, 2355–2361 (2020). &lt;nowiki&gt;https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-020-05533-7&lt;/nowiki&gt;'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Matsumoto |first=K. |last2=Ogawa |first2=H. |last3=Nozawa |first3=S. |last4=Akiyama |first4=H. |date=2020-12-01 |title=An analysis of osteoporosis in patients with hereditary multiple exostoses |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-020-05533-7 |journal=Osteoporosis International |language=en |volume=31 |issue=12 |pages=2355–2361 |doi=10.1007/s00198-020-05533-7 |issn=1433-2965}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''We analyzed osteoporosis in 20 HME patients. Our results indicate HME patients have low bone mass. They do not have abnormal bone metabolism.''

'''Phan, A. Q., Pacifici, M., &amp; Esko, J. D. (2017). Advances in the pathogenesis and possible treatments for multiple hereditary exostoses from the 2016 international MHE conference. Connective Tissue Research, 59(1), 85–98. &lt;nowiki&gt;https://doi.org/10.1080/03008207.2017.1394295&lt;/nowiki&gt;.'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/action/cookieAbsent |access-date=2026-07-16 |website=www.tandfonline.com |doi=10.1080/03008207.2017.1394295 |pmc=7604901 |pmid=29099240}}&lt;/ref&gt;''  MHE, also known as hereditary multiple exostoses (HME) or multiple osteochondromas (MO), is characterized by cartilage-capped outgrowths called osteochondromas that develop adjacent to the growth plates of skeletal elements in young patients. These benign tumors can affect growth plate function, leading to skeletal growth retardation, or deformations, and can encroach on nerves, tendons, muscles, and other surrounding tissues and cause motion impairment, chronic pain, and early onset osteoarthritis. In about 2–5% of patients, the osteochondromas can become malignant and life threatening.''

'''Stiever, JR., and J.P. Dormans (2005). Manifestations of hereditary multiple exostoses. Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, 13: 110-120'''''.'' '''&lt;nowiki&gt;https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15850368/&lt;/nowiki&gt;''' ''Hereditary multiple exostosis is an autosomal dominant disorder manifested by the presence of multiple osteochondromas. Linkage analysis has implicated mutations in the EXT gene family, resulting in an error in the regulation of normal chondrocyte proliferation and maturation that leads to abnormal bone growth. Although exostoses are benign lesions, they are often associated with characteristic progressive skeletal deformities and may cause clinical symptoms. Patients with hereditary multiple exostosis have a slight risk of sarcomatous transformation of the cartilaginous portion of the exostosis.''

=== '''Screening and treatment''' ===
'''Fei, Li,  Clara Ngoh, Daniel E. Porter, Chondrosarcoma transformation in hereditary multiple exostoses: A systematic review and clinical and cost-effectiveness of a proposed screening model, Journal of Bone Oncology, Volume 13, 2018, Pages 114-122, ISSN 2212-1374, &lt;nowiki&gt;https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbo.2018.09.011&lt;/nowiki&gt;.'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Fei |first=Li |last2=Ngoh |first2=Clara |last3=Porter |first3=Daniel E. |date=2018-11-01 |title=Chondrosarcoma transformation in hereditary multiple exostoses: A systematic review and clinical and cost-effectiveness of a proposed screening model |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2212137418300903 |journal=Journal of Bone Oncology |volume=13 |pages=114–122 |doi=10.1016/j.jbo.2018.09.011 |issn=2212-1374 |pmc=6303411 |pmid=30591865}}&lt;/ref&gt;''  The most serious complication of hereditary multiple exostoses (HME) is chondrosarcoma transformation. Three HME screening strategies were then developed and compared using cost per life-year gained and incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER).''

'''Hosalkar, Harish MD, MBMS (Ortho), FCPS (Ortho), DNB (Ortho)*; Greenberg, Jared MD†; Gaugler, Rebecca L. BS‡; Garg, Sumeet MD§; Dormans, John P. MD∥, 2007. Abnormal Scarring With Keloid Formation After Osteochondroma Excision in Children With Multiple Hereditary Exostoses Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics: May 2007 - Volume 27 - Issue 3 - p 333-337 doi: 10.1097/BPO.0b013e3180326732'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Hosalkar |first=Harish |last2=Greenberg |first2=Jared |last3=Gaugler |first3=Rebecca L. |last4=Garg |first4=Sumeet |last5=Dormans |first5=John P. |date=2007-05 |title=Abnormal Scarring With Keloid Formation After Osteochondroma Excision in Children With Multiple Hereditary Exostoses |url=https://journals.lww.com/01241398-200704000-00017 |journal=Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics |language=en |volume=27 |issue=3 |pages=333–337 |doi=10.1097/BPO.0b013e3180326732 |issn=0271-6798}}&lt;/ref&gt;  ''Although this study has limited numbers, the results demonstrate a statistically significant correlation between keloid formation and MHE. The risk for abnormal scarring and keloid formation should be discussed with all patients before surgery.''

'''Monroig-Rivera, Carlos MD1; Bockhorn, Lauren MD1,2; Thornberg, David BS1; Santillan, Brenda BS1,2; Rathjen, Karl E. MD1,2,a. Prevalence of Osteochondromas in the Spine in Patients with Multiple Hereditary Exostoses. JBJS Open Access 10(1):e24.00072, January-March 2025. | DOI: 10.2106/JBJS.OA.24.00072.''' &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Monroig-Rivera |first=Carlos |last2=Bockhorn |first2=Lauren |last3=Thornberg |first3=David |last4=Santillan |first4=Brenda |last5=Rathjen |first5=Karl E. |date=2025-01 |title=Prevalence of Osteochondromas in the Spine in Patients with Multiple Hereditary Exostoses |url=https://journals.lww.com/10.2106/JBJS.OA.24.00072 |journal=JBJS Open Access |language=en |volume=10 |issue=1 |doi=10.2106/JBJS.OA.24.00072 |issn=2472-7245}}&lt;/ref&gt;''Although nearly half of the patients had spinal osteochondromas, neural impingement was rare (4%). Neither age, gender, nor the presence of rib and pelvic osteochondromas were associated with spinal involvement, osteochondromas in the canal, or neural impingement. This information can be used to guide clinical decision-making regarding the use of MRI scans for patient screening'''''.'''

'''Troxel, J., Fleury, I. G., &amp; Buckwalter V, J. A. (2025). Revisiting Sex Differences in Multiple Hereditary Exostoses (MHE): A Comprehensive Retrospective Analysis of Patient Characteristics and Surgical Patterns. ''Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics'', ''46''(3), 180–185.''' ''We examined 103 MHE-diagnosed patients treated at the University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics from June 2008 to March 2023.'' ''Our findings deviate from the commonly accepted male predominance in MHE, revealing an even male-female distribution.''

'''Van der Woude HJ, Flipsen M, Welsink C, Van der Zwan AL, Ham SJ, 2025. Is total-body MRI useful as a screening tool to rule out malignant progression in patients with multiple osteochondromas? Results in a single-center cohort of 319 adult patients. By''''':''  '''Skeletal radiology, 1432-2161, 2024 Jan, Vol. 53, Issue 1.'''''To evaluate the results of total-body (TB) MRI used as a screening tool for assessment or exclusion of malignant transformation in patients with hereditary multiple osteochondromas (HMO). Conclusion: TB-MRI can identify malignant transformation of osteochondromas in HMO patients. All peripheral chondrosarcomas occurred in flat bones (ribs, scapula, pelvis) in our study. TB-MRI might assist in triage between higher risk patients with a high burden of OC, including the location of OC in main flat bones vs lower risk patients without OC of the flat bones.''

'''Teeth'''

'''Wiweger, Malgorzata I. Wiweger, Zhe Zhao, Richard J. P. van Merkesteyn, Henry H. Roehl, and Pancras C. W. Hogendoorn, 2012. HSPG-Deficient Zebrafish Uncovers Dental Aspect of Multiple Osteochondromas. PLOS 1. &lt;nowiki&gt;https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0029734&lt;/nowiki&gt;'''''.'' ''Here we analyse dental defects present in ext2−/− fish. Histological analysis reveals that ext2−/− fish have very severe defects associated with the formation and the morphology of teeth. Our findings from zebrafish model were validated in a dental survey that was conducted with assistance of the MHE Research Foundation. The presence of the malformed and/or displaced teeth with abnormal enamel was declared by half of the respondents indicating that MO might indeed be also associated with dental problems.''

== Genetic studies (EXT genes) ==
As HME is associated with genetic issues on the EXT genes, here is a list of genetic studies:

'''Benoist-Lasselina, Catherine Emmanuel de Margerieb, Linda Gibbsa, Sarah Cormierc, Caroline Silvec, Gisèle Nicolasd, Martine LeMerrera, Jean-Francois Mallete, Arno­­­­ld Munnicha, Jacky Bonaventurea, Louise Zylberbergb, Laurence Legeai-Malleta,  2006.  ''Defective chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation in osteochondromas of MHE patients''. Bone, Volume 39, Issue 1, July 2006, Pages 17–26'''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Benoist-Lasselin |first=Catherine |last2=de Margerie |first2=Emmanuel |last3=Gibbs |first3=Linda |last4=Cormier |first4=Sarah |last5=Silve |first5=Caroline |last6=Nicolas |first6=Gisèle |last7=LeMerrer |first7=Martine |last8=Mallet |first8=Jean-Francois |last9=Munnich |first9=Arnold |last10=Bonaventure |first10=Jacky |last11=Zylberberg |first11=Louise |last12=Legeai-Mallet |first12=Laurence |date=2006-07 |title=Defective chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation in osteochondromas of MHE patients |url=http://www.thebonejournal.com/article/S8756-3282(05)00540-5/fulltext |journal=Bone |volume=39 |issue=1 |pages=17–26 |doi=10.1016/j.bone.2005.12.003 |issn=8756-3282}}&lt;/ref&gt; . ''Multiple hereditary exostoses (MHE) is an autosomal dominant skeletal disorder caused by mutations in one of the two EXT genes and characterized by multiple osteochondromas that generally arise near the ends of growing long bones.''

'''Busse-Wicher, Marta; Wicher, Krzysztof B.; Kusche-Gullberg, Marion (2014). &quot;The extostosin family: Proteins with many functions&quot;. Matrix Biology. Elsevier BV. 35: 25–33. doi:10.1016/j.matbio.2013.10.001. hdl:1956/10590. ISSN 0945-053X.''' ''Mutations in either EXT1 or EXT2 cause hereditary multiple osteochondromas (HMO), an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by bone deformities and cartilage-capped bony outgrowths, called exostoses or osteochondromas, at the ends of the long bones (reviewed in (Jennes et al., 2009)). HMO is one of the most common inherited skeletal disorders with an estimated incidence of 1–2 per 100 000 live births.''

'''Cuellar, A., Reddi, A.H. Cell biology of osteochondromas: Bone morphogenic protein signalling and heparan sulphates. International Orthopaedics (SICOT) 37, 1591–1596 (2013). &lt;nowiki&gt;https://doi.org/10.1007/s00264-013-1906-5&lt;/nowiki&gt;.'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Cuellar |first=Araceli |last2=Reddi |first2=A. Hari |date=2013-08-01 |title=Cell biology of osteochondromas: Bone morphogenic protein signalling and heparan sulphates |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s00264-013-1906-5 |journal=International Orthopaedics |language=en |volume=37 |issue=8 |pages=1591–1596 |doi=10.1007/s00264-013-1906-5 |issn=1432-5195 |pmc=3728397 |pmid=23771188}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''While factors for severity remain unknown, mutations in exostosin 1 and exostosin 2 genes, encoding glycosyltransferases involved in the biosynthesis of ubiquitously expressed heparan sulphate (HS) chains, are associated with MHE.''

'''Nozawa S, Inubushi T, Irie F, et al. Osteoblastic heparan sulfate regulates osteoprotegerin function and bone mass. JCI Insight. 2018;3(3):e89624. Published 2018 Feb 8. doi:10.1172/jci.insight.89624.'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Nozawa |first=Satoshi |last2=Inubushi |first2=Toshihiro |last3=Irie |first3=Fumitoshi |last4=Takigami |first4=Iori |last5=Matsumoto |first5=Kazu |last6=Shimizu |first6=Katsuji |last7=Akiyama |first7=Haruhiko |last8=Yamaguchi |first8=Yu |date=2018-02-08 |title=Osteoblastic heparan sulfate regulates osteoprotegerin function and bone mass |url=https://insight.jci.org/articles/view/89624 |journal=JCI Insight |language=en |volume=3 |issue=3 |doi=10.1172/jci.insight.89624 |issn=2379-3708 |pmc=5821205 |pmid=29415886}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''To determine the role of HS in bone homeostasis, we conditionally ablated Ext1, which encodes an essential glycosyltransferase for HS biosynthesis, in osteoblasts. Resultant conditional mutant mice developed severe osteopenia. Surprisingly, this phenotype is not due to impairment in bone formation but to enhancement of bone resorption. We also show that bone mineral density is reduced in patients with multiple hereditary exostoses, a genetic bone disorder caused by heterozygous mutations of Ext1, suggesting that the mechanism revealed in this study may be relevant to low bone mass conditions in humans.''

'''Pacifici M. The pathogenic roles of heparan sulfate deficiency in hereditary multiple exostoses. Matrix Biol. 2018 Oct;71-72:28-39. doi: 10.1016/j.matbio.2017.12.011. Epub 2017 Dec 24. PMID: 29277722; PMCID: PMC6015767'''''.''&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt; ''Heparan sulfate (HS) is an essential component of cell surface and matrix proteoglycans (HS-PGs) that include syndecans and perlecan. Because of their unique structural features, the HS chains are able to specifically interact with signaling proteins–including bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs)-via their HS-binding domain, regulating protein availability, distribution and action on target cells. Hereditary Multiple Exostoses (HME) is a rare pediatric disorder linked to germline heterozygous loss-of-function mutations in EXT1 or EXT2 that encode Golgi-resident glycosyltransferases responsible for HS synthesis, resulting in a systemic HS deficiency. HME is characterized by cartilaginous/bony tumors-called osteochondromas or exostoses- that form within perichondrium in long bones, ribs and other elements. This review examines most recent studies in HME, framing them in the context of classic studies. New findings show that the spectrum of EXT mutations is larger than previously realized and the clinical complications of HME extend beyond the skeleton.''

'''Sefcik R, Earl D. Hereditary Multiple Osteochondromas. 2000 Aug 3 [Updated 2026 Jan 29]. In: Adam MP, Bick S, Mirzaa GM, et al., editors. GeneReviews® [Internet]. Seattle (WA): University of Washington, Seattle; 1993-2026. Available from: &lt;nowiki&gt;https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1235&lt;/nowiki&gt;.''' ''Each child of an individual with HMO has a 50% chance of inheriting an HMO-causing pathogenic variant.''

'''Zak, B.M., B.E. Crawford, and J.D. Esko, 2002. Hereditary multiple exostoses and heparan sulfate polymerization Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) Volume 1573, Issue 3, 19 December 2002, Pages 346–355 &lt;nowiki&gt;http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304416502004026&lt;/nowiki&gt;''' ''Hereditary multiple exostoses (HME, OMIM 133700, 133701) results from mutations in EXT1 and EXT2, genes encoding the copolymerase responsible for heparan sulfate (HS) biosynthesis. Here, we provide an overview of HME, the EXT family of proteins, and possible models for the relationship of altered HS biosynthesis to the ectopic bone growth characteristic of the disease.''

== HSPG-Related studies ==
While HME is a rare disease and rarely studied, the connection between HME and HSPG is noted. Therefore, this list of research articles covers HME, HSPG, and the genetic issues associated with the EXT1, EXT2, and EXT3 genes.

'''Aldunate, Rebecca, Juan Carlos Casar, Enrique Brandan, Nibaldo C. Inestrosa, 2004. Structural and functional organization of synaptic acetylcholinesterase, Brain Research Reviews, Volume 47, Issues 1–3,''' &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Aldunate |first=Rebeca |last2=Casar |first2=Juan Carlos |last3=Brandan |first3=Enrique |last4=Inestrosa |first4=Nibaldo C. |date=2004-12 |title=Structural and functional organization of synaptic acetylcholinesterase |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0165017304001092 |journal=Brain Research Reviews |language=en |volume=47 |issue=1-3 |pages=96–104 |doi=10.1016/j.brainresrev.2004.07.019}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''&quot;The presence of two heparin-binding domains in ColQ that interact with heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) at the synaptic basal lamina; and second, a knockout mouse for perlecan, a HSPG concentrated in nerve–muscle contact, in which absence of asymmetric AChE at the NMJ is observed.&quot;''

'''Aplin, J.D., Charlton, A.K. &amp; Ayad, S.  1988. An immunohistochemical study of human endometrial extracellular matrix during the menstrual cycle and first trimester of pregnancy. Cell Tissue Res. 253: 231. &lt;nowiki&gt;https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00221758&lt;/nowiki&gt;.''' &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Aplin |first=J. D. |last2=Charlton |first2=A. K. |last3=Ayad |first3=S. |date=1988-07-01 |title=An immunohistochemical study of human endometrial extracellular matrix during the menstrual cycle and first trimester of pregnancy |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00221758 |journal=Cell and Tissue Research |language=en |volume=253 |issue=1 |pages=231–240 |doi=10.1007/BF00221758 |issn=1432-0878}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Changes in the organisation and composition of extracellular matrix in human endometrium during the menstrual cycle and early pregnancy have been assessed by immunofluorescence.'' 

'''Arnold, K. Y-E. Liao, and J. Liu, 2020. ''Potential Use of Anti-Inflammatory Synthetic Heparan Sulfate to Attenuate Liver Damage. Biomedicines 2020, 8(11), 503;''''' &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Arnold |first=Katelyn |last2=Liao |first2=Yi-En |last3=Liu |first3=Jian |date=2020-11-16 |title=Potential Use of Anti-Inflammatory Synthetic Heparan Sulfate to Attenuate Liver Damage |url=https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/8/11/503 |journal=Biomedicines |language=en |volume=8 |issue=11 |pages=503 |doi=10.3390/biomedicines8110503 |issn=2227-9059}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Heparan sulfate (HS) is an essential glycan for liver function.''

'''Ascencio, F. L. Å. Fransson and T. WadstrÖum, 1993. ''Affinity of the gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori for the N-sulphated glycosaminoglycan heparan sulphate'' J Med Microbiol April 1993 vol. 38 no. 4 240-244''' &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=F |first=Ascencio |last2=A |first2=Fransson, L. |last3=T |first3=Wadstrom |date=1993-04-01 |title=Affinity of the gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori for the N-sulphated glycosaminogly… |url=https://www.sgmjournals.org/jmm/content/38/4/240 |access-date=2026-07-15 |website=SGM Journals |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;'''.''' ''Binding of 125I-heparan sulphate was a common property of Helicobacter pylori strains isolated from patients with gastroduodenal ulcer diseases.''

'''Berg et al., 1999. Chronic fatigue syndrome and/or Fibromyalgia as a variation of Antiphospholipid antibody syndrome: an explanatory model and approach to laboratory  diagnosis'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Berg |first=D. |last2=Berg |first2=L. H. |last3=Couvaras |first3=J. |last4=Harrison |first4=H. |date=1999-10 |title=Chronic fatigue syndrome and/or fibromyalgia as a variation of antiphospholipid antibody syndrome: an explanatory model and approach to laboratory diagnosis |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10695770 |journal=Blood Coagulation &amp; Fibrinolysis: An International Journal in Haemostasis and Thrombosis |volume=10 |issue=7 |pages=435–438 |doi=10.1097/00001721-199910000-00006 |issn=0957-5235 |pmid=10695770}}&lt;/ref&gt; Not in this paper, but the logic is that low levels of HSPG are found in patients with chronic fatigue, and there is probably a correlation with MHE fatigue and low levels of HSPG.

'''Bishop, J., Schuksz, M. &amp; Esko, J. Heparan sulphate proteoglycans fine-tune mammalian physiology. Nature 446, 1030–1037 (2007). &lt;nowiki&gt;https://doi.org/10.1038/nature05817&lt;/nowiki&gt;'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Bishop |first=Joseph R. |last2=Schuksz |first2=Manuela |last3=Esko |first3=Jeffrey D. |date=2007-04 |title=Heparan sulphate proteoglycans fine-tune mammalian physiology |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/nature05817 |journal=Nature |language=en |volume=446 |issue=7139 |pages=1030–1037 |doi=10.1038/nature05817 |issn=1476-4687}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Heparan sulphate proteoglycans reside on the plasma membrane of all animal cells studied so far and are a major component of extracellular matrices. . A recurrent theme is the electrostatic interaction of the heparan sulphate chains with protein ligands, which affects metabolism, transport, information transfer, support and regulation in all organ systems.'' 

'''Boer and Gaillard, 2007. Drug Targeting to the Brain. Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology. Volume 47, 2007. Pp 323-355'''&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;'''.'''''… For many diseases of the brain, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, stroke, depression, schizophrenia, epilepsia and migraine headache, the drugs on the market … enter the cell following binding to heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG) receptors …''

'''Brown, Anissa Joy. Function of heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) and heparanase (HPSE) in endochondral bone formation University of Delaware, ProQuest Dissertations Publishing, 2008. 3324491.'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Function of heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) and heparanase (HPSE) in endochondral bone formation. by Brown, Anissa Joy (9781243986054) {{!}} Browns Books |url=https://www.brownsbfs.co.uk/Product/Brown-Anissa-Joy/Function-of-heparan-sulfate-proteoglycans-HSPGs-and-hepar/9781243986054 |access-date=2026-07-15 |website=www.brownsbfs.co.uk}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Endochondral bone formation is a tightly regulated process involving coordination among cell-cell, cell-matrix and growth factor signaling that eventually results in the production of mineralized bone from a cartilage template. Chondrogenic and osteogenic differentiation occur in sequence during this process, and the temporospatial patterning clearly requires the activities of heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs), heparin binding growth factors (HBGFs) and their receptors.''

'''O'Callaghan P, Zhang X, Li JP. 2018. Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans as Relays of Neuroinflammation. J Histochem Cytochem. 2018 Apr;66(4):305-319. doi: 10.1369/0022155417742147. Epub 2018 Jan 1. PMID: 29290138; PMCID: PMC5958378'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=O'Callaghan |first=Paul |last2=Zhang |first2=Xiao |last3=Li |first3=Jin-Ping |date=2018-04 |title=Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans as Relays of Neuroinflammation |url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5958378/ |journal=The Journal of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry: Official Journal of the Histochemistry Society |volume=66 |issue=4 |pages=305–319 |doi=10.1369/0022155417742147 |issn=1551-5044 |pmc=5958378 |pmid=29290138}}&lt;/ref&gt;'''.''' ''.'' ''We summarize some of the contrasting roles that HS and heparanase have been assigned in diseases associated with chronic inflammatory states, including Alzheimer's disease (AD).''

'''Chen, Ming and Xiao, Xiao and Rui, Yimin and Jin, Yu,''' '''2023. Relationship of Sleep Disorder with Neurodegenerative and Psychiatric Diseases: An Updated Review. Available at SSRN:''' &lt;nowiki&gt;https://ssrn.com/abstract=4484640&lt;/nowiki&gt; or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4484640. &quot;''Another key factor in the circadian timing of Aβ42 phagocytosis is the presence of cell-surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs), which highlights a potential causative factor for increased Aβ42 accumulation in patients with clock/sleep disorders due to the apparent circadian rhythmicity of HSPGs levels and the inhibitory role of HSPGs in the phagocytosis of Aβ42(Clark et al., 2022).&quot;''

'''Chmiela, M. et al. 1995. The role of heparan sulphate-binding activity of Helicobacter pylori bacteria in their adhesion to murine macrophages. &lt;nowiki&gt;http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1699-0463.1995.tb01133.x/full&lt;/nowiki&gt;'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Chmiela |first=M. |last2=Paziak-Domanska |first2=B. |last3=Rudnicka |first3=W. |last4=WadstrÖM |first4=T. |date=1995 |title=The role of heparan sulphate-binding activity of Helicobacter pylori bacteria in their adhesion to murine macrophages |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1699-0463.1995.tb01133.x |journal=APMIS |language=en |volume=103 |issue=1-6 |pages=469–474 |doi=10.1111/j.1699-0463.1995.tb01133.x |issn=1600-0463}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''The role of heparan sulphate (HS)-binding activity of Helicobacter pylori microbes in their adhesion to and ingestion by inflammatory peritoneal macrophages.''

'''Clark, GT, Yu Y, Urban C et al. 2023. Circadian control of heparan sulfate levels times phagocytosis of amyloid beta aggregates. February 10, 202. PLOS Genetics. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1009994&lt;nowiki/&gt;.'''  ''PGs like heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) and chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) are involved in the clearance of Aβ42, associate with Aβ42 to foster the formation of plaques, and reduce Aβ plaque load upon the knockout of a key enzyme in the HSPG biosynthesis pathway... our findings suggest the disruption of the circadian timing of macrophage/microglia phagocytosis may be a vital component in Aβ42 metabolism, highlighting a potential causative factor in the increase in accumulation of Aβ42 in patients with clock/sleep disturbances [8,13,20,22,25,94,97].'' 

'''Collins LE, Troeberg L. 2019. Heparan sulfate as a regulator of inflammation and immunity. J Leukoc Biol. 2019 Jan;105(1):81-92. doi: 10.1002/JLB.3RU0618-246R. Epub 2018 Oct 30. PMID: 30376187.'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Collins |first=Laura E |last2=Troeberg |first2=Linda |date=2018-12-27 |title=Heparan sulfate as a regulator of inflammation and immunity |url=https://academic.oup.com/jleukbio/article/105/1/81/6935486 |journal=Journal of Leukocyte Biology |language=en |volume=105 |issue=1 |pages=81–92 |doi=10.1002/JLB.3RU0618-246R |issn=1938-3673}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''In this review, we discuss the multiple roles for HS in regulating immune responses, and the evidence for inflammation-associated changes to HS structure.Keywords: chemokines; cytokines; heparan sulfate; inflammation; leukocyte.''

'''Condomitti, G., &amp; de Wit, J. (2018). Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans as Emerging Players in Synaptic Specificity. Frontiers in molecular neuroscience, 11, 14. &lt;nowiki&gt;https://doi.org/10.3389/fnmol.2018.00014&lt;/nowiki&gt;'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Condomitti |first=Giuseppe |last2=de Wit |first2=Joris |date=2018-01-26 |title=Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans as Emerging Players in Synaptic Specificity |url=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/molecular-neuroscience/articles/10.3389/fnmol.2018.00014/full |journal=Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience |language=English |volume=11 |doi=10.3389/fnmol.2018.00014 |issn=1662-5099 |pmc=5790772 |pmid=29434536}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''The heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG) family of cell-surface proteins is emerging as a key regulator of connectivity. HSPGs are expressed throughout brain development and play important roles in axon guidance, synapse development and synapse function.''

'''Cooper, Isabella D.; Brookler, Kenneth H.; Crofts, Catherine A. P. (2021-09-06). &quot;Rethinking  Fragility Fractures in Type 2 Diabetes: The Link between Hyperinsulinaemia and Osteofragilitas&quot; Biomedicines 9, no. 9: 1165.'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Cooper |first=Isabella D. |last2=Brookler |first2=Kenneth H. |last3=Crofts |first3=Catherine A. P. |date=2021-09-06 |title=Rethinking Fragility Fractures in Type 2 Diabetes: The Link between Hyperinsulinaemia and Osteofragilitas |url=https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/9/9/1165 |journal=Biomedicines |language=en |volume=9 |issue=9 |pages=1165 |doi=10.3390/biomedicines9091165 |issn=2227-9059}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''&lt;nowiki&gt;https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines9091165&lt;/nowiki&gt;  Hyperinsulinaemia negatively impacts HSPG function and availability, via impairment of vitamin D regulation. Vitamin D regulates sulfate synthesis, required for heparan sulphate ['''145'''].''

'''Dituri F, Gigante G, Scialpi R, Mancarella S, Fabregat I, Giannelli G. Proteoglycans in Cancer: Friends or Enemies? A Special Focus on Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancers. 2022; 14(8):1902. &lt;nowiki&gt;https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers14081902&lt;/nowiki&gt;'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Dituri |first=Francesco |last2=Gigante |first2=Gianluigi |last3=Scialpi |first3=Rosanna |last4=Mancarella |first4=Serena |last5=Fabregat |first5=Isabel |last6=Giannelli |first6=Gianluigi |date=2022-04-09 |title=Proteoglycans in Cancer: Friends or Enemies? A Special Focus on Hepatocellular Carcinoma |url=https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/14/8/1902 |journal=Cancers |language=en |volume=14 |issue=8 |pages=1902 |doi=10.3390/cancers14081902 |issn=2072-6694 |pmc=9024587 |pmid=35454809}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Proteoglycans are a class of highly glycosylated proteins expressed in virtually all tissues, which are localized within membranes, but more often in the pericellular space and extracellular matrix (ECM), and are involved in tissue homeostasis and remodeling of the stromal microenvironment during physiological and pathological processes, such as tissue regeneration, angiogenesis, and cancer.''

'''Farhan, S.M.K. , Wang J, Robinson JF, et al., 2015. Old gene, new phenotype: mutations in heparan sulfate synthesis enzyme, EXT2 leads to seizure and developmental disorder, no exostoses. Journal of Medical Genetics 2015;52:666-675. ''' ''Many genes are involved in modulating heparan sulfate synthesis, and when these genes are mutated, they can give rise to early-onset developmental disorders affecting multiple body systems.'' 

'''Forsberg E. and L. Kjellen, 2001. Heparan sulfate: lessons from knockout mice. Journal of Clinical Investigation. &lt;nowiki&gt;https://www.jci.org/articles/view/13561&lt;/nowiki&gt;.''' &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Forsberg |first=Erik |last2=Kjellén |first2=Lena |date=2001-07-15 |title=Heparan sulfate: lessons from knockout mice |url=https://www.jci.org/articles/view/13561 |journal=The Journal of Clinical Investigation |language=en |volume=108 |issue=2 |pages=175–180 |doi=10.1172/JCI13561 |issn=0021-9738 |pmid=11457868}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Kidney'' ''agenesis, “broken heart,” abnormal mast cells, somatic overgrowth, lung dysfunction, and chondrodysplasia are some phenotypes of mice where different genes important for heparan sulfate (HS) expression have been knocked out.The authors speculate that, during inflammation or wounding when fibronectin is degraded, syndecan-4 may be important for focal adhesion formation and actin fiber organization, which in turn contribute to cell migration.'' 

'''Fumitoshi Irie, Hedieh Badie-Mahdavi, and Yu Yamaguchi, 2012. ''Autism-like socio-communicative deficits and stereotypies in mice lacking heparan sulfate''. PNAS 2012 109 (13) 5052-5056;  March 27, 2012 vol. 109 no. 13'''&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt; '''&lt;nowiki&gt;http://www.pnas.org/content/109/13/5052.short&lt;/nowiki&gt;''' ''Heparan sulfate regulates diverse cell-surface signaling events, and its roles in the development of the nervous system recently have been increasingly uncovered by studies using genetic models carrying mutations of genes encoding enzymes for its synthesis. Our results demonstrate that heparan sulfate is critical for normal functioning of glutamatergic synapses and that its deficiency mediates socio-communicative deficits and stereotypes characteristic for autism.''

'''Ge, Xiao Na, Bastan, Idil, Ha, Sung Gil, Greenberg, Yana G., Esko, Jeffrey D., Rao, Savita P., Sriramarao, P., 2018. Regulation of eosinophil recruitment and allergic airway inflammation by heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG) modifying enzymes. Experimental Lung Research, 01902148, Mar2018, Vol. 44, Issue''' ''Our study demonstrates that allergen exposure reduces expression of Hs2st; loss of uronyl 2-O-sulfation in endothelial and leukocyte HSPG amplifies recruitment of eosinophils likely due to a compromised vascular endothelium resulting in persistent inflammation whereas loss of N-sulfation limits eosinophilia and attenuates inflammation underscoring the importance of site-specific sulfation in HSPG to their role in AAI.''

'''Haeger SM, Yang Y, Schmidt EP. Heparan Sulfate in the Developing, Healthy, and Injured Lung. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 2016;55(1):5-11. doi:10.1165/rcmb.2016-0043TR''' '''''&lt;nowiki&gt;https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4942210/&lt;/nowiki&gt;'''''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Haeger |first=Sarah M. |last2=Yang |first2=Yimu |last3=Schmidt |first3=Eric P. |date=2016-07 |title=Heparan Sulfate in the Developing, Healthy, and Injured Lung |url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4942210/ |journal=American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology |volume=55 |issue=1 |pages=5–11 |doi=10.1165/rcmb.2016-0043TR |issn=1535-4989 |pmc=4942210 |pmid=26982577}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''This Translational Review highlightsthe importance of athe glycosaminoglycan heparan sulfate (HS) on lung health and disease.''

'''Hiebert, Linda M. 2021. Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans in Diabetes. DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1724118. Thieme E-''' '''Journals - Seminars in Thrombosis and Hemostasis / Abstract (thieme-connect.com).''' &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Hiebert |first=Linda M. |date=2021-04 |title=Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans in Diabetes |url=http://www.thieme-connect.de/DOI/DOI?10.1055/s-0041-1724118 |journal=Seminars in Thrombosis and Hemostasis |language=en |volume=47 |issue=03 |pages=261–273 |doi=10.1055/s-0041-1724118 |issn=0094-6176}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Understanding the role of HSPGs and how they are modified by diabetes may lead to new treatments as well as preventative measures to reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with this complex condition.''

'''Ho, G., G Broze, A. Schwartz, 1997. Role of Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans in the Uptake and Degradation of Tissue Factor Pathway Inhibitor-Coagulation Factor Xa Complexes. CELL BIOLOGY AND METABOLISM| VOLUME 272, ISSUE 27, P16838-16844, JULY 1997.&lt;nowiki&gt;https://www.jbc.org/article/S0021-9258(18)39299-8/fulltext&lt;/nowiki&gt;''' &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Ho |first=Guyu |last2=Broze |first2=George J. |last3=Schwartz |first3=Alan L. |date=1997-07-04 |title=Role of Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans in the Uptake and Degradation of Tissue Factor Pathway Inhibitor-Coagulation Factor Xa Complexes * |url=https://www.jbc.org/article/S0021-9258(18)39299-8/abstract |journal=Journal of Biological Chemistry |language=English |volume=272 |issue=27 |pages=16838–16844 |doi=10.1074/jbc.272.27.16838 |issn=0021-9258}}&lt;/ref&gt;''These results suggest that heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) are required for the uptake and degradation of 125I-TFPI·fXa complexes.'' 

'''Huang M, He H, Belenkaya T, Lin X. Multiple roles of epithelial heparan sulfate in stomach morphogenesis. J Cell Sci. 2018 May 29;131(10):jcs210781. doi: 10.1242/jcs.210781. PMID: 29700203; PMCID: PMC6031332.''' &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Huang |first=Meina |last2=He |first2=Hua |last3=Belenkaya |first3=Tatyana |last4=Lin |first4=Xinhua |date=2018-05-15 |title=Multiple roles of epithelial heparan sulfate in stomach morphogenesis |url=https://journals.biologists.com/jcs/article/131/10/jcs210781/56866/Multiple-roles-of-epithelial-heparan-sulfate-in |journal=Journal of Cell Science |language=en |volume=131 |issue=10 |doi=10.1242/jcs.210781 |issn=1477-9137 |pmc=6031332 |pmid=29700203}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''In the posterior stomach, HS depletion disrupts glandular stomach patterning and cytodifferentiation via attenuation of Fgf signaling activity.'' 

'''Irie, F.,  H. Badie-Mahdavi, Y. Yamaguchi, 2012. Autism-like socio-communicative deficits and stereotypies in mice lacking heparan sulfate Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A., 109 (2012), pp. 5052-5056. &lt;nowiki&gt;https://www.pnas.org/doi/pdf/10.1073/pnas.1117881109&lt;/nowiki&gt;.''' &lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;''Our results demonstrate that heparan sulfate is critical for normal functioning of glutamatergic synapses and that its deficiency mediates socio-communicative deficits and stereotypies characteristic for autism.''

'''Jennes I, Pedrini E, Zuntini M, Mordenti M, Balkassmi S, Asteggiano CG, Casey B, Bakker B, Sangiorgi L, Wuyts W. Multiple osteochondromas: mutation update and description of the multiple osteochondromas mutation database (MOdb). Hum Mutat. 2009 Dec;30 (12):1620-7. doi: 10.1002/humu.21123. PMID: 19810120.''' &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Jennes |first=Ivy |last2=Pedrini |first2=Elena |last3=Zuntini |first3=Monia |last4=Mordenti |first4=Marina |last5=Balkassmi |first5=Sahila |last6=Asteggiano |first6=Carla G. |last7=Casey |first7=Brett |last8=Bakker |first8=Bert |last9=Sangiorgi |first9=Luca |last10=Wuyts |first10=Wim |date=2009-12 |title=Multiple osteochondromas: mutation update and description of the multiple osteochondromas mutation database (MOdb) |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/humu.21123 |journal=Human Mutation |language=en |volume=30 |issue=12 |pages=1620–1627 |doi=10.1002/humu.21123}}&lt;/ref&gt;''MO is genetically heterogeneous, and is associated with mutations in Exostosin-1 (EXT1) or Exostosin-2 (EXT2), both tumor-suppressor genes of the EXT gene family. All members of this multigene family encode glycosyltransferases involved in the adhesion and/or polymerization of heparin sulfate (HS) chains at HS proteoglycans (HSPGs).'' 

'''Jones, K. B., Pacifici, M., &amp; Hilton, M. J. (2014). Multiple hereditary exostoses (MHE): elucidating the pathogenesis of a rare skeletal disorder through interdisciplinary research. Connective Tissue Research, 55(2), 80–88. &lt;nowiki&gt;https://doi.org/10.3109/03008207.2013.867957&lt;/nowiki&gt;.''' ''MHE is largely caused by autosomal dominant mutations in EXT1 or EXT2, genes encoding Golgi-associated glycosyltransferases responsible for heparan sulfate (HS) synthesis. HS chains are key constituents of cell surface- and extracellular matrix-associated proteoglycans, which are known regulators of skeletal development. MHE affected individuals are HS-deficient, can display skeletal growth retardation and deformities, and consistently develop benign, cartilage-capped bony outgrowths (termed exostoses or osteochondromas) near the growth plates of many skeletal elements. Heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) critically modulate adhesion-, growth-, and migration-related processes.''

'''Kemp, Annissa et al. 2017. Control of Cell Shape, Neurite Outgrowth, and Migration by a Nogo-A/HSPG Interaction, Developmental Cell, Volume 43, Issue 1, 24 - 34.e5 &lt;nowiki&gt;https://www.cell.com/developmental-cell/fulltext/S1534-5807(17)30674-3&lt;/nowiki&gt;'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Kempf |first=Anissa |last2=Boda |first2=Enrica |last3=Kwok |first3=Jessica C. F. |last4=Fritz |first4=Rafael |last5=Grande |first5=Valentina |last6=Kaelin |first6=Andrea M. |last7=Ristic |first7=Zorica |last8=Schmandke |first8=Andre |last9=Schmandke |first9=Antonio |last10=Tews |first10=Bjoern |last11=Fawcett |first11=James W. |last12=Pertz |first12=Olivier |last13=Buffo |first13=Annalisa |last14=Schwab |first14=Martin E. |date=2017-10-09 |title=Control of Cell Shape, Neurite Outgrowth, and Migration by a Nogo-A/HSPG Interaction |url=https://www.cell.com/developmental-cell/abstract/S1534-5807(17)30674-3 |journal=Developmental Cell |language=English |volume=43 |issue=1 |pages=24–34.e5 |doi=10.1016/j.devcel.2017.08.014 |issn=1534-5807 |pmid=28943240}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) critically modulate adhesion-, growth-, and migration-related processes. Here, we show that the transmembrane protein, Nogo-A, inhibits neurite outgrowth and cell spreading in neurons and Nogo-A-responsive cell lines via HSPGs. Finally, we show in explant cultures ex vivo that Nogo-A-?20 promotes the migration of neuroblasts via HSPGs but not S1PR2.''

'''Kolset, S., Salmivirta, M. Cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans and lipoprotein metabolism. CMLS, Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 56, 857–870 (1999). &lt;nowiki&gt;https://doi.org/10.1007/s000180050031&lt;/nowiki&gt;''' [https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s000180050031. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s000180050031.]  ''Heparan sulfate has been further implicated in presentation and stabilization of lipoprotein lipase and hepatic lipase on cell surfaces and in the transport of lipoprotein lipase from extravascular cells to the luminal surface of the endothelia. In atherosclerosis, heparan sulfate is intimately involved in several events important to the pathophysiology of the disease.''

'''Laabs, T.; Carulli, D.; Geller, H.M.; Fawcett, J.W. Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans in neural development and regeneration. Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 2005, 15, 116–120. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Carulli |first=Daniela |last2=Laabs |first2=Tracy |last3=Geller |first3=Herbert M. |last4=Fawcett |first4=James W. |date=2005-02 |title=Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans in neural development and regeneration |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15721753 |journal=Current Opinion in Neurobiology |volume=15 |issue=1 |pages=116–120 |doi=10.1016/j.conb.2005.01.014 |issn=0959-4388 |pmid=15721753}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Proteoglycans are of two main types, chondroitin sulfate (CSPGs) and heparin sulfate (HSPGs). The CSPGs act mainly as barrier-forming molecules, whereas the HSPGs stabilise the interactions of receptors and ligands.'' 

'''Lundberg, Y.W., Y. Xu, K.D. Theissen, and K.L. Framer, 2014. Mechanisms of otoconia and otolith development. Developmental Dynamics, 9/24/2014.''' &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Lundberg |first=Yunxia Wang |last2=Xu |first2=Yinfang |last3=Thiessen |first3=Kevin D. |last4=Kramer |first4=Kenneth L. |date=2015 |title=Mechanisms of otoconia and otolith development |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/dvdy.24195 |journal=Developmental Dynamics |language=en |volume=244 |issue=3 |pages=239–253 |doi=10.1002/dvdy.24195 |issn=1097-0177 |pmc=4482761 |pmid=25255879}}&lt;/ref&gt;  ''Deletion of different HSPGs and CSPGs causes calcification deficiencies  which exemplifies their critical role in bone and teeth formation.''

'''Mansouri, R., Jouan, Y., Hay, E. et al. Osteoblastic heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycans control bone remodeling by regulating Wnt signaling and the crosstalk between bone surface and marrow cells. Cell Death Dis 8, e2902 (2017). &lt;nowiki&gt;https://doi.org/10.1038/cddis.2017.287&lt;/nowiki&gt;'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Mansouri |first=Rafik |last2=Jouan |first2=Yohann |last3=Hay |first3=Eric |last4=Blin-Wakkach |first4=Claudine |last5=Frain |first5=Monique |last6=Ostertag |first6=Agnès |last7=Le Henaff |first7=Carole |last8=Marty |first8=Caroline |last9=Geoffroy |first9=Valérie |last10=Marie |first10=Pierre J. |last11=Cohen-Solal |first11=Martine |last12=Modrowski |first12=Dominique |date=2017-06 |title=Osteoblastic heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycans control bone remodeling by regulating Wnt signaling and the crosstalk between bone surface and marrow cells |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/cddis2017287 |journal=Cell Death &amp; Disease |language=en |volume=8 |issue=6 |pages=e2902–e2902 |doi=10.1038/cddis.2017.287 |issn=2041-4889 |pmc=5520938 |pmid=28661485}}&lt;/ref&gt;  ''Syndecan-2 is a membrane heparan sulfate proteoglycan that is associated with osteoblastic differentiation. The osteogenic properties of matrix glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) have been explored; however, the functions of GAGs at the surface of bone-forming cells are less documented.'' 

'''Matsuzawa, T. et al., 2021. Heparan sulfate promotes differentiation of white adipocytes to maintain insulin sensitivity and glucose homeostasis. Journal of Biological Chemistry.'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Matsuzawa |first=Takuro |last2=Morita |first2=Masanobu |last3=Shimane |first3=Ai |last4=Otsuka |first4=Rina |last5=Mei |first5=Yu |last6=Irie |first6=Fumitoshi |last7=Yamaguchi |first7=Yu |last8=Yanai |first8=Kazuhiko |last9=Yoshikawa |first9=Takeo |date=2021-09 |title=Heparan sulfate promotes differentiation of white adipocytes to maintain insulin sensitivity and glucose homeostasis |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34310946 |journal=The Journal of Biological Chemistry |volume=297 |issue=3 |pages=101006 |doi=10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101006 |issn=1083-351X |pmc=8379462 |pmid=34310946}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''We observed that Ext1Δ/WT mice showed glucose intolerance because of insulin resistance. Our results demonstrate that HS plays a crucial role in the differentiation of white adipocytes through BMP4–FGF1 signaling pathways, thereby contributing to insulin sensitivity and glucose homeostasis.''

'''Meneghetti, Maria C. Z.; Hughes, Ashley J.; Rudd, Timothy R.; Nader, Helena B.; Powell, Andrew K.; Yates, Edwin A.; Lima, Marcelo A. (2015-09-06). &quot;Heparan sulfate and heparin interactions with proteins&quot;. Journal of the Royal Society, Interface. 12 (110): 0589. doi:10.1098/rsif.2015.0589. ISSN 1742-5662. PMC 4614469. &lt;nowiki&gt;PMID 26289657&lt;/nowiki&gt;'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Echits |first=S. V. |last2=Pichko |first2=V. B. |last3=Tikhomirova |first3=A. S. |last4=Letunova |first4=E. V. |date=1975 |title=[Preparation and properties of beta-galactosidase linked covalently with KM-cellulose] |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1742 |journal=Prikladnaia Biokhimiia I Mikrobiologiia |volume=11 |issue=6 |pages=848–851 |issn=0555-1099 |pmid=1742}}&lt;/ref&gt;''. Heparan sulfate (HS) polysaccharides are ubiquitous components of the cell surface and extracellular matrix of all multicellular animals, whereas heparin is present within mast cells and can be viewed as a more sulfated, tissue-specific, HS variant. HS and heparin regulate biological processes through interactions with a large repertoire of proteins. Owing to these interactions and diverse effects observed during in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo experiments, manifold biological/pharmacological activities have been attributed to them'''''.'''

'''Mooney et al. 2016.Pathway analysis in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: An ensemble approach. American Journal of Medical Genetics. Volume 171, Sept 2016. &lt;nowiki&gt;https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/ajmg.b.32446&lt;/nowiki&gt;''' &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Mooney |first=Michael A. |last2=McWeeney |first2=Shannon K. |last3=Faraone |first3=Stephen V. |last4=Hinney |first4=Anke |last5=Hebebrand |first5=Johannes |last6=Consortium |first6=Image2 |last7=Group |first7=German ADHD GWAS |last8=Nigg |first8=Joel T. |last9=Wilmot |first9=Beth |date=2016 |title=Pathway analysis in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: An ensemble approach |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/ajmg.b.32446 |journal=American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics |language=en |volume=171 |issue=6 |pages=815–826 |doi=10.1002/ajmg.b.32446 |issn=1552-485X |pmc=4983253 |pmid=27004716}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''These results support previous hypotheses about the role of regulation of neurotransmitter release, neurite outgrowth and axon guidance in contributing to the ADHD phenotype and suggest the value of cross-method convergence in evaluating pathway analysis results.''

'''Nackaerts, K. et al. 1997. Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycan Expression In Human Lung-Cancer Cells. Int. J. Cancer (Pred. Oncol.): 74, 335–345 (1997) r 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc. &lt;nowiki&gt;https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Maurits_Demedts/publication/13997415_Heparan_sulfate_proteoglycan_expression_in_human_lung-cancer_cells/links/5600565108aeafc8ac8c7374.pdf&lt;/nowiki&gt;'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Nackaerts |first=Kris |last2=Verbeken |first2=Erik |last3=Deneffe |first3=Georges |last4=Vanderschueren |first4=Bernadette |last5=Demedts |first5=Maurits |last6=David |first6=Guido |date=1997-07-01 |title=Heparan sulfate proteoglycan expression in human lung-cancer cells |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/13997415_Heparan_sulfate_proteoglycan_expression_in_human_lung-cancer_cells |journal=International journal of cancer. Journal international du cancer |volume=74 |pages=335–45 |doi=10.1002/(SICI)1097-0215(19970620)74:33.3.CO;2-4}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Heparan sulfate (HS) functions as a co-factor in several signal-transduction systems that affect cellular growth, differentiation, adhesion and motility. HS, therefore, may also play a role in the malignant transformation of cells, tumor growth, cell invasiveness and the formation of tumor metastases. Our results suggest that poorly differentiated lung tumors have markedly altered patterns of HSPG expression, which may contribute to their invasive phenotype. Int. J. Cancer 74:335– 345, 1997.''

'''Nencini Sara , Ivanusic Jason J. The Physiology of Bone Pain. How Much Do We Really Know? Frontiers in Physiology. Volume 7 - 2016.''' '''&lt;nowiki&gt;https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/physiology/articles/10.3389/fphys.2016.00157&lt;/nowiki&gt;. DOI=10.3389/fphys.2016.00157. ISSN=1664-042X'''&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt; ''Pain is associated with most bony pathologies. Clinical and experimental observations suggest that bone pain can be derived from noxious stimulation of the periosteum or bone marrow Whilst these provide some clues as to the way information about bone pain is centrally coded, they need to be expanded to further our understanding of other central territories involved.''

'''Otsu, K.; Kato, S.; Ohtake, K.; Akamatsu, N. Alteration of rat liver proteoglycans during regeneration. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 1992, 294, 544–549. Alteration of rat liver proteoglycans during regeneration - PubMed (nih.gov)'''''. Heparan sulfates (HS) are probably the major GAGs present on the surface of hepatocytes under normal conditions. Nevertheless, HSPGs expression increases during liver regeneration. Using [35S] sulfuric acid incorporation, Otsu et al. showed that, in the hepatic regeneration phase after hepatectomy, the synthesis of heparin sulfate proteoglycans, and to a lesser extent, of chondroitin/dermatan sulfate proteoglycans, increases up to 3–5 days and is temporally shifted compared to the stage of maximum mitosis that occurs 1–2 days following the surgical procedure [94].'' 

'''Otsuka, T., Phan, A.Q., Laurencin, C.T. et al. Identification of Heparan-Sulfate Rich Cells in the Loose Connective Tissues of the Axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum) with the Potential to Mediate Growth Factor Signaling during Regeneration. Regen. Eng. Transl. Med. 6, 7–17 (2020). &lt;nowiki&gt;https://doi.org/10.1007/s40883-019-00140-3&lt;/nowiki&gt; &lt;nowiki&gt;https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40883-019-00140-3&lt;/nowiki&gt;'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Otsuka |first=T. |last2=Phan |first2=A. Q. |last3=Laurencin |first3=C. T. |last4=Esko |first4=J. D. |last5=Bryant |first5=S. V. |last6=Gardiner |first6=D. M. |date=2020-03 |title=Identification of Heparan-Sulfate Rich Cells in the Loose Connective Tissues of the Axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum) with the Potential to Mediate Growth Factor Signaling during Regeneration |url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s40883-019-00140-3 |journal=Regenerative Engineering and Translational Medicine |language=en |volume=6 |issue=1 |pages=7–17 |doi=10.1007/s40883-019-00140-3 |issn=2364-4133 |pmc=7971174 |pmid=33748405}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''. We hypothesized that there are cells in the axolotl that synthesize specific HSPGs that control growth factor signaling in time and space. Given their high level of HSPG expression, their stellate morphology, and their distribution throughout the loose connective tissues, we refer to these as the positional information GRID (Groups that are Regenerative, Interspersed and Dendritic) cells.''

'''Parish, C., 2005. Heparan sulfate and inflammation. Nature Immunology 6(9):861-2 ·  October. &lt;nowiki&gt;https://www.researchgate.net/publication/7645220_Heparan_sulfate_and_inflammation&lt;/nowiki&gt;.'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Parish |first=Christopher |date=2005-10-01 |title=Heparan sulfate and inflammation |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/7645220_Heparan_sulfate_and_inflammation |journal=Nature immunology |volume=6 |pages=861–2 |doi=10.1038/ni0905-861}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Entry of leukocytes into tissues is a key feature of inflammation. New data suggest the polysaccharide heparan sulfate is required for several stages of this entry process.''

'''Park, P.J, and D. Shukla. Role of heparan sulfate in ocular diseases, Experimental Eye Research, Volume 110, 2013, Pages 1-9, ISSN 0014-4835, &lt;nowiki&gt;https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exer.2013.01.015&lt;/nowiki&gt;.'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Park |first=Paul J. |last2=Shukla |first2=Deepak |date=2013-05-01 |title=Role of heparan sulfate in ocular diseases |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0014483513000274 |journal=Experimental Eye Research |volume=110 |pages=1–9 |doi=10.1016/j.exer.2013.01.015 |issn=0014-4835 |pmc=3638857 |pmid=23410824}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Abstract: Heparan sulfate (HS), a ubiquitous and structurally diverse cell surface polysaccharide and extracellular matrix component, is a factor common to several major eye pathologies. Its multitude of functions and variable distribution among the different ocular tissues makes it an important contributor to a variety of disease states. Although HS facilitates the pathogenesis of many disorders, its role in each varies. Unique functions of HS have been particularly noted in viral and bacterial keratitis and age-related macular degeneration.'' 

'''Pérez, C., Sawmiller, D. &amp; Tan, J. The role of heparan sulfate deficiency in autistic phenotype: potential involvement of Slit/Robo/srGAPs-mediated dendritic spine formation. Neural Dev 11, 11 (2016). &lt;nowiki&gt;https://doi.org/10.1186/s13064-016-0066-x&lt;/nowiki&gt;''' &lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt; ''Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) are the second most common developmental cause of disability in the United States. The brains of ASD patients have marked structural abnormalities, in the form of increased dendritic spines and decreased long distance connections. These structural differences may be due to deficiencies in Heparin Sulfate (HS), a proteoglycan involved in a variety of neurodevelopmental processes. Through interference with this pathway, HS deficiency can lead to excess spine formation.''

'''Poli, Maura, Michela Asperti, Paola Ruzzenenti, Annamaria Naggi, and Paolo Arosio. 2017. &quot;Non-Anticoagulant Heparins Are Hepcidin Antagonists for the Treatment of Anemia&quot; Molecules 22, no. 4: 598. &lt;nowiki&gt;https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules22040598&lt;/nowiki&gt;'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Poli |first=Maura |last2=Asperti |first2=Michela |last3=Ruzzenenti |first3=Paola |last4=Naggi |first4=Annamaria |last5=Arosio |first5=Paolo |date=2017-04-08 |title=Non-Anticoagulant Heparins Are Hepcidin Antagonists for the Treatment of Anemia |url=https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/22/4/598 |journal=Molecules |language=en |volume=22 |issue=4 |pages=598 |doi=10.3390/molecules22040598 |issn=1420-3049 |pmc=6154463 |pmid=28397746}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''This review summarizes recent findings on the anti-hepcidin activity of heparins and their possible use for the treatment of anemia caused by hepcidin excess, including the anemia of chronic diseases.''

'''Russel A.L. and M.F.McCarty, 2000 Glucosamine for migraine prophylaxis?  Medical Hypotheses. Volume 55, Issue 3, September 2000, Pages 195-198. &lt;nowiki&gt;http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306987799910125&lt;/nowiki&gt;''' ''We postulate that supplemental glucosamine can boost mast cell heparin synthesis – perhaps correcting a functional heparin deficiency – thereby preventing or ameliorating the neurogenic inflammation that mediates pain in vascular headache. Whether or not this idea has validity, a controlled study of glucosamine for migraine prophylaxis appears to be warranted.''

'''Stringer, S.E. and Gallagher. 1997. Molecules in focus. Heparan sulphate. The International Journal of Biochemistry &amp; Cell Biology, Volume 29, Issue 5, 1997.''' ''Heparan sulphates, the N-sulphated polysaccharides components of proteoglycans, are common constituents of cell surfaces and the extracellular matrix. The diverse functions of heparan sulphate, which range from the control of blood coagulation to the regulation of cell growth and adhesion, depend on the capacity of the chains to activate protein ligands, such as antithrombin III and members of the fibroblast growth factor family. These properties are currently being exploited in the development of synthetic heparan sulphates as anticoagulants and promoters of wound healing. Conversely organic mimics of growth factor activating saccharides could possibly be designed to suppress tumour growth and prevent restenosis after coronary vessel angioplasty.''

'''Theoharides TC et al.  1999. Stress-induced rat intestinal mast cell intragranular activation and inhibitory effect of sulfated proteoglycans.  Digestive Diseases and Sciences [1999, 44 (8 Suppl):87S-93S]. Pages 709-714. &lt;nowiki&gt;http://europepmc.org/abstract/med/10490045&lt;/nowiki&gt;''' ''Cyclic vomiting syndrome is characterized by sudden episodes of vomiting and abdominal pain. It occurs primarily in children, is exacerbated by stress, and is often considered a migraine equivalent. Migraines have been linked to mast cells, which are often found close to neurons where they are activated by neuropeptides. We investigated the ultrastructural appearance of rat ileal brush border and mast cells following acute stress by immobilization.These results suggest the possible usefulness of chondroitin sulfate in conditions such as cyclic vomiting syndrome.''

'''Thompson, W.R. 2011. Perlecan modulates the function of the osteocyte lacuno-canalicular system. University of Delaware, ProQuest Dissertations Publishing, 2011. 3443246.''' ''In this study, along with my colleagues, I examined osteocyte lacunocanalicular morphology in mice deficient in the large heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG) PLN in this tissue. . . Ultrastructural measurements using electron micrograph images of PLN deficient mice demonstrate a significant decrease in osteocyte canalicular pericellular area, resulting from a reduction in the total canalicular area, when compared to controls. Additionally, PLN deficient mice show significantly diminished canalicular density and a significant reduction in the number of transverse tethering elements per canaliculus.''

'''van den Born J, van den Heuvel LP, Bakker MA, Veerkamp JH, Assmann KJ, Weening JJ, Berden JH., 1993. ''Distribution of GBM heparan sulfate proteoglycan core protein and side chains in human glomerular diseases.'' Kidney Int. 1993 Feb;43(2):454-63. &lt;nowiki&gt;http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8441243&lt;/nowiki&gt;'''  ''Using monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) recognizing either the core protein or the heparan sulfate (HS) side chain of human GBM heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG), we investigated their glomerular distribution on cryostat sections of human kidney tissues. In conclusion, major alterations were observed in the glomerular distribution of HS and HSPG-core in various human glomerulopathies. The mAbs can be useful to further delineate the significance of HSPG and HS for glomerular diseases.''

'''Vicente, Carolina Meloni, da Silva, Daiana Aparecida, Sartorio, Priscila Veronica, Silva, Tiago Donizetti, Saad, Sarhan Sydney, Nader, Helena Bonciani, Forones, Nora Manoukian, Toma, Leny, Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans in Human Colorectal Cancer, Analytical Cellular Pathology, 2018, 8389595, 10 pages, 2018.''' &lt;nowiki&gt;https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/8389595&lt;/nowiki&gt;'''  &lt;nowiki&gt;https://www.hindawi.com/journals/acp/2018/8389595/&lt;/nowiki&gt;''' ''Heparan sulfate proteoglycans are complex molecules present in the cell membrane and extracellular matrix, which play vital roles in cell adhesion, migration, proliferation, and signaling pathways. Heparan sulfate proteoglycans are candidate molecules to clarify colorectal cancer tumorigenesis, as well as important targets to therapy and diagnosis.''

'''Vlodavestky, I. et al. 2007. Heparanase: Structure, Biological Functions, and Inhibition by Heparin-Derived Mimetics of Heparan Sulfate. Current Pharmaceutical Design, Volume 13, Number 20, July 2007, pp. 2057-2073(17). &lt;nowiki&gt;http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/ben/cpd/2007/00000013/00000020/art00004&lt;/nowiki&gt;''' ''Heparanase is an endoglycosidase which cleaves heparan sulfate (HS) and hence participates in degradation and remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Heparanase is preferentially expressed in human tumors and its over-expression in tumor cells confers an invasive phenotype in experimental animals. These observations and the unexpected identification of a single functional heparanase, suggest that the enzyme is a promising target for anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory drug development.''

'''Weihua T. et al. 2002. Heparanase: A Key Enzyme in Invasion and Metastasis of Gastric Carcinoma.Mod Pathol 2002;15(6):593–59. &lt;nowiki&gt;http://www.nature.com/modpathol/journal/v15/n6/abs/3880571a.html&lt;/nowiki&gt;''' ''Previous reports have shown that the biochemical activity of heparanase is significantly correlated with the invasion and metastasis of malignant cells in vitro.'' ''It was concluded that heparanase might play an important role in the development of invasion and metastasis of the gastric cancer. It was indicated that patients with heparanase-positive gastric carcinoma would have a greater chance of metastasis with a poor prognosis.''

'''Whitelock John M. and Renato V. Iozzo, 2005. H''eparan Sulfate:  A Complex Polymer Charged with Biological Activity''. Chem. Rev., 2005, 105 (7), pp 2745–2764. &lt;nowiki&gt;http://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/cr0102&lt;/nowiki&gt;''' ''  “HS is a complex and highly active biopolymer…” one section is on heparan sulfate therapies,''

'''Yan Yin, Adam Wang, Li Feng, Yu Wang, Hong Zhang, Ivy Zhang, Brent M Bany, Liang Ma, Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycan Sulfation Regulates Uterine Differentiation and Signaling During Embryo Implantation, Endocrinology, Volume 159, Issue 6, June 2018, Pages 2459–2472, &lt;nowiki&gt;https://doi.org/10.1210/en.2018-00105&lt;/nowiki&gt;'''  ''One important modulator of these signaling pathways is the cell surface and extracellular matrix macromolecules, heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs). HSPGs play crucial roles in signal transduction by regulating morphogen transport and ligand binding. In this study, we examine the role of HSPG sulfation in regulating uterine receptivity…''

'''Zhongjun Zhou et al. 2004.  Impaired Angiogenesis, Delayed Wound Healing and Retarded Tumor Growth in Perlecan Heparan Sulfate-Deficient Mice. DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-04-0810 Published July 2004. &lt;nowiki&gt;http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/64/14/4699&lt;/nowiki&gt;.''' ''Perlecan, a modular proteoglycan carrying primary heparan sulfate (HS) side chains, is a major component of blood vessel basement membranes.Perlecan HS-deficient (Hspg2Δ3/Δ3) mice survived embryonic development and were apparently healthy as adults. However, mutant mice exhibited significantly delayed wound healing, retarded FGF-2-induced tumor growth, and defective angiogenesis.''

'''Zhu W, Li J, Liang G. How does cellular heparan sulfate function in viral pathogenicity? Biomed Environ Sci. 2011 Feb;24(1):81-7. doi: 10.3967/0895-3988.2011.01.011. PMID: 2144084'''4. ''Heparan sulfate (HS) is ubiquitously expressed on the surfaces and in the extracellular matrix of virtually all cell types, making it an ideal receptor for viral infection. Understanding how heparan sulfate functions during virus infection in vivo may prove critical for elucidating the molecular mechanism of viral pathogenesis, and may contribute to the development of therapeutics targeting HS''.

== Case studies ==
'''Ahn, YS., Kim, S., Kim, WJ. et al. Characteristics of hip impingement syndrome in patients with multiple hereditary exostoses. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 22, 153 (2021). &lt;nowiki&gt;https://doi.org/10.1186/s12891-021-04021-1&lt;/nowiki&gt;'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Ahn |first=Yeong-Seub |last2=Kim |first2=Sungmin |last3=Kim |first3=Woo-Jong |last4=Lim |first4=Jun-Hyuk |last5=Jung |first5=Sung-Taek |date=2021-02-06 |title=Characteristics of hip impingement syndrome in patients with multiple hereditary exostoses |url=https://doi.org/10.1186/s12891-021-04021-1 |journal=BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders |language=en |volume=22 |issue=1 |pages=153 |doi=10.1186/s12891-021-04021-1 |issn=1471-2474 |pmc=7868013 |pmid=33549073}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Between 2001 and 2019, total 51 patients (102 hips) were evaluated in this study. Patients with MHE were classified to femoro-acetabular impingement (FAI) symptom group, ischio-femoral impingement (IFI) symptom group and non-impingement symptom group by comparing the symptoms, clinical signs and imaging studies.'' 

'''Albokhari, Daniah, Christopher R. Bailey, Francis Hwang, Clifford R. Weiss, Jonathan Forsberg, Nara Sobreira.  2023. Venous malformation may be a feature of EXT1-related hereditary multiple exostoses: A report of two unrelated probands.  American Journal of Medical Genetics.''' '' ''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Albokhari |first=Daniah |last2=Bailey |first2=Christopher R. |last3=Hwang |first3=Francis |last4=Weiss |first4=Clifford R. |last5=Forsberg |first5=Jonathan |last6=Sobreira |first6=Nara |date=2023 |title=Venous malformation may be a feature of EXT1-related hereditary multiple exostoses: A report of two unrelated probands |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/ajmg.a.63158 |journal=American Journal of Medical Genetics Part A |language=en |volume=191 |issue=6 |pages=1570–1575 |doi=10.1002/ajmg.a.63158 |issn=1552-4833}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Report two unrelated probands that presented with a clinical and molecular diagnosis of HME with venous malformation, a clinical feature not previously reported in individuals with HME.''

'''Anel-Quimpo, Joselynna, Mark Anthony Santiago Sandoval, Frances Lina Lantion-Ang, 2011. Hypercalcaemia from genitourinary tuberculosis in a female with multiple exostoses. BMJ Journals. &lt;nowiki&gt;https://casereports.bmj.com/content/2011/bcr.12.2010.3651&lt;/nowiki&gt;.'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Anel-Quimpo |first=Joselynna |last2=Sandoval |first2=Mark Anthony Santiago |last3=Lantion-Ang |first3=Frances Lina |date=2011-05-17 |title=Hypercalcaemia from genitourinary tuberculosis in a female with multiple exostoses |url=https://casereports.bmj.com/content/2011/bcr.12.2010.3651 |journal=BMJ Case Reports |language=en |volume=2011 |pages=bcr1220103651 |doi=10.1136/bcr.12.2010.3651 |issn=1757-790X}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''The authors present a puzzling case of nephrolithiasis, hypercalcaemia, amenorrhoea, short stature and gross skeletal deformities in a 30-year-old female. Multiple pituitary hormone deficiency and metabolic bone disease were initially considered but were eventually excluded. The final diagnosis is genitourinary tuberculosis (TB) which caused the hypercalcaemia, nephrolithiasis and amenorrhoea, and also found to have the syndrome of multiple exostoses which explained the gross skeletal deformities and the short stature. After treatment with anti-TB therapy, there was resolution of hypercalcaemia and return of regular menstruation. The short stature and gross skeletal deformities remain as part of the congenital syndrome.''

'''Bari MS, Jahangir Alam MM, Chowdhury FR, Dhar PB, Begum A. 2012. Hereditary multiple exostoses causing cord compression. J Coll Physicians Surg Pak 22:797–799.'''&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;''' ''' ''Neurological presentations are rare and usually happened due to direct compression of a peripheral nerve or nerve root or less often the spinal cord. This case is possibly the first case of HME described from Bangladesh, presented with dorsal cord compression. Decompression was done and the complaints of myelopathy were improved.''

'''Caino, Silvia, Marisa Angelica Cubilla, Romina Alba, María Gabriela Obregón, Virginia Fano, Abel Gómez, Lorena Zecchini, Pablo Lapunzina, Miriam Aza-Carmona, Karen E. Heath, and et al. 2022. &quot;Clinical and Genetic Analysis of Multiple Osteochondromas in a Cohort of Argentine Patients&quot; Genes 13, no. 11: 2063.''' '''&lt;nowiki&gt;https://doi.org/10.3390/genes13112063&lt;/nowiki&gt;'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Caino |first=Silvia |last2=Cubilla |first2=Marisa Angelica |last3=Alba |first3=Romina |last4=Obregón |first4=María Gabriela |last5=Fano |first5=Virginia |last6=Gómez |first6=Abel |last7=Zecchini |first7=Lorena |last8=Lapunzina |first8=Pablo |last9=Aza-Carmona |first9=Miriam |last10=Heath |first10=Karen E. |last11=Asteggiano |first11=Carla Gabriela |date=2022-11-07 |title=Clinical and Genetic Analysis of Multiple Osteochondromas in a Cohort of Argentine Patients |url=https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4425/13/11/2063 |journal=Genes |language=en |volume=13 |issue=11 |pages=2063 |doi=10.3390/genes13112063 |issn=2073-4425 |pmc=9690389 |pmid=36360300}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Multiple Osteochondromatosis (MO, MIM 133700 &amp; 133701), an autosomal dominant O-glycosylation disorder (EXT1/EXT2-CDG), can be associated with a reduction in skeletal growth, bony deformity, restricted joint motion, shortened stature and pathogenic variants in two tumor suppressor genes, EXT1 and EXT2. In this work, we report a cross-sectional study including 35 index patients and 20 affected family members. Clinical phenotyping of all 55 affected cases was obtained, but genetic studies were performed only in 35 indexes.''

'''Hariri O, Al Laham O, Ibrahim Basha Z, Ghannam E, Ghannam M, Mohammad A. Multiple Hereditary Exostoses instigating a popliteal pseudoaneurysm in a young Middle Eastern male: A case report and literature review. Int J Surg Case Rep. 2024 Apr 12;118:109633. doi: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2024.109633. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 38626641; PMCID: PMC11035074.'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Hariri |first=Omar |last2=Al Laham |first2=Omar |last3=Ibrahim Basha |first3=Zein |last4=Ghannam |first4=Eman |last5=Ghannam |first5=Mohammad |last6=Mohammad |first6=Ammar |date=2024-05 |title=Multiple Hereditary Exostoses instigating a popliteal pseudoaneurysm in a young Middle Eastern male: A case report and literature review |url=https://journals.lww.com/10.1016/j.ijscr.2024.109633 |journal=International Journal of Surgery Case Reports |language=en |volume=118 |issue=C |doi=10.1016/j.ijscr.2024.109633 |issn=2210-2612 |pmc=11035074 |pmid=38626641}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''We present the case of a 37-year-old Middle Eastern male with Multiple Hereditary Exostoses who experienced sudden-onset left lower limb pain persisting for a month prior to admission. It was associated with coldness and paresthesia of the ipsilateral lower limb. The presurgical radiological workup uncovered a popliteal pseudoaneurysm subsequent to Multiple Hereditary Exostoses.''

'''Kambouris, M., Fadda A, Al-Arraj, Y, et al., 2016. Putative Relation Between Autism Spectrum Disease &amp; Hereditary Multiple Exostosis Investigated by Whole Genome Sequencing &amp; Comparative Genome Analyses in a Family with ASD and HME with EXT-1 Mutations''' ''A family with two male children affected with ASD and HME as well as an unaffected female child, was studied to identify the Genetic basis of ASD in the family and the possible relation between ASD &amp; HME. The HME unaffected parent [mother] contributed heterozygous variants in the Heparan Sulfate biosynthesis pathway that in synergy with the EXT-1 mutation could be the genetic causes of ASD in the family.''

'''Kim, Min Jeong, Yunjin Lee, Sang Ook Nam, Young Mi Kim, 2021. An 8q24.11q24.13 Microdeletion Encompassing EXT1 in a Boy with Autistic Spectrum Disorder, Intellectual Disability, and Multiple Hereditary Exostoses. Annals of Child Neurology. Letter to the Editor, 11/9/2021.''' ''Here, we describe the case of a boy with a microdeletion (8q24.11q24.13 [118,625,768-124,169,620]×1), who presented with autism, intellectual disability, and MHE. the parents signed informed consent and approved the anonymous use of clinical and molecular data for the present diagnostic study'''''.'''

'''Küçükesmen, Çiḡdem DDS, PhD, Buḡra Özen, DDS, PhD,b and Mustafa Akçam, DDS, PhDc, 1997. Multiple Hereditary Osteochondromatosis: A Case Report. Eur J Dent. 2007 Jul; 1(3): 183–187.&lt;nowiki&gt;https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih&lt;/nowiki&gt;.''' ''Common carious lesions owing to vomiting are not widespread in children. In this case, we aimed to report an 11-years-old male patient with common carious lesions due to repeated vomitings, chewing and eating difficulty and retarded growth with Multiple Hereditary Osteochondromatosis (MHO).''

'''Li H, Yamagata T, Mori M, Momoi MY. 2002.Association of autism in two patients with hereditary multiple exostoses caused by novel deletion mutations of EXT1. J Hum Genet 2002;47:262-5. &lt;nowiki&gt;https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12032595/&lt;/nowiki&gt;.'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Li |first=Hung |last2=Yamagata |first2=Takanori |last3=Mori |first3=Masato |last4=Momoi |first4=Mariko Y. |date=2002 |title=Association of autism in two patients with hereditary multiple exostoses caused by novel deletion mutations of EXT1 |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12032595 |journal=Journal of Human Genetics |volume=47 |issue=5 |pages=262–265 |doi=10.1007/s100380200036 |issn=1434-5161 |pmid=12032595}}&lt;/ref&gt;''  Two boys from separate families presented with hereditary multiple exostoses (EXT) and autism associated with mental retardation.'' 

'''Malagón, V., 2001.  Development of Hip Dysplasia in Hereditary Multiple Exostosis. Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics, 21(2): 205-211.  &lt;nowiki&gt;https://journals.lww.com/pedorthopaedics/Abstract/2001/03000/Development_of_Hip_Dysplasia_in_Hereditary.14.aspx&lt;/nowiki&gt;''.'''''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Development of Hip Dysplasia in Hereditary... : Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics |url=https://www.ovid.com/jnls/pedorthopaedics/fulltext/01241398-200103000-00014~development-of-hip-dysplasia-in-hereditary-multiple |access-date=2026-07-16 |website=Ovid |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''In approximately 25% of patients with hereditary multiple exostosis, there is an abnormal osteochondral formation localized in the femoral proximal metaphysis. Although this entity is rather frequent and quite severe, it is rarely found in the medical literature. The author describes six private cases, taken from a total of 24,000 patients (0.25/1000) as examples of this entity, and provides a review of the literature.'' 

'''Mazza, D., Fabbri, M., Calderaro, C., Iorio, C., Labianca, L., Poggi, C., Turturro, F., Montanaro, A., &amp; Ferretti, A. (2017). Chest pain caused by multiple exostoses of the ribs: A case report and a review of literature. World journal of orthopedics, 8(5), 436–440. https://doi.org/10.5312/wjo.v8.i5.436&lt;nowiki/&gt;.'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Mazza |first=Daniele |last2=Fabbri |first2=Mattia |last3=Calderaro |first3=Cosma |last4=Iorio |first4=Carlo |last5=Labianca |first5=Luca |last6=Poggi |first6=Camilla |last7=Turturro |first7=Francesco |last8=Montanaro |first8=Antonello |last9=Ferretti |first9=Andrea |date=2017 |title=Chest pain caused by multiple exostoses of the ribs: A case report and a review of literature |url=http://www.wjgnet.com/2218-5836/full/v8/i5/436.htm |journal=World Journal of Orthopedics |language=en |volume=8 |issue=5 |pages=436 |doi=10.5312/wjo.v8.i5.436 |issn=2218-5836 |pmc=5434351 |pmid=28567348}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''An exceptional case of multiple internal exostoses of the ribs in a young patient affected by multiple hereditary exostoses (MHE) coming to our observation for chest pain as the only symptom of an intra-thoracic localization. The computed tomography (CT) scan revealed the presence of three exostoses located on the left third, fourth and sixth ribs, all protruding into the thoracic cavity, directly in contact with visceral pleura. Moreover, the apex of the one located on the sixth rib revealed to be only 12 mm away from pericardium.'' 

'''Montgomery BK, Cahan EM, Frick S. Spinal Screening MRI Trends in Patients with Multiple Hereditary Exostoses: National Survey- PubMed''' '''. Cureus. 2019 Dec 23;11(12):e6452. doi: 10.7759/cureus.6452. PMID: 32010535; PMCID: PMC6975245'''''.''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Montgomery |first=Blake K |last2=Cahan |first2=Eli M |last3=Frick |first3=Steve |date=2019-12-23 |title=Spinal Screening MRI Trends in Patients with Multiple Hereditary Exostoses: National Survey |url=https://www.cureus.com/articles/23789-spinal-screening-mri-trends-in-patients-with-multiple-hereditary-exostoses-national-survey |journal=Cureus |language=en |doi=10.7759/cureus.6452 |issn=2168-8184 |pmc=6975245 |pmid=32010535}}&lt;/ref&gt;  ''Background Multiple hereditary exostoses (MHE) is a rare disease characterized by multiple osteochondromas. Osteochondromas growing into the spinal canal can produce devastating consequences, including permanent neurologic deficits and even death.  This study presents a case of an intracanal osteochondroma at C1 identified by routine screening and a survey describing current practices of MHE experts.''

'''Narvid, J., M. L. Gorno-Tempini, A. Slavotinek, S. J. DeArmond, Y. H. Cha, B. L. Miller &amp; K. Rankin, 2009. Of brain and bone: The unusual case of Dr. A. Neurocase Vol. 15, Iss. 3, 2009.''' '''&lt;nowiki&gt;http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13554790802632967&lt;/nowiki&gt;'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Narvid |first=J. |last2=Gorno-Tempini |first2=M. L. |last3=Slavotinek |first3=A. |last4=DeArmond |first4=S. J. |last5=Cha |first5=Y. H. |last6=Miller |first6=B. L. |last7=Rankin |first7=K. |date=2009-06-01 |title=Of brain and bone: The unusual case of Dr. A |url=https://doi.org/10.1080/13554790802632967 |journal=Neurocase |volume=15 |issue=3 |pages=190–205 |doi=10.1080/13554790802632967 |issn=1355-4794 |pmc=2997763 |pmid=20183548}}&lt;/ref&gt;''. Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is a clinical syndrome characterized by progressive decline in social conduct and a focal pattern of frontal and temporal lobe damage. Its biological basis is still poorly understood but the focality of the brain degeneration provides a powerful model to study the cognitive and anatomical basis of social cognition. Here, we present Dr. A, a patient with a rare hereditary bone disease (hereditary multiple exostoses) and FTD (pathologically characterized as Pick's disease),  This case provides new evidence regarding the neural basis of social cognition and suggests a possible genetic link between bone disease and FTD.''

'''Puiu1, Maria , Iulia Simina-Jurca, Simona Dumitriu, Smaranda Arghirescu,  Adela Chirita-Emandi,  2012. . Multiple Hereditary Exostoses - Clinical Features and Management.''' ''We report two cases of skeletally immature patients who presented with multiple exostoses, bone deformation without bone pain; and growth and pubertal retardation. The cases need adequate counseling, long-term follow-up, and measures to improve the quality of life of patients with multiple hereditary exostoses.''

'''Stitzman Wengrowicz, M.L., J  Pretell-Mazzini,  J.P. Dormans, R.S. Davidson, 2011.. Regression of a Sessile Osteochondroma: A Case Study and Review of the Literature.''' ''&lt;nowiki&gt;https://www.researchgate.net/publication/267426996_Regression_of_a_Sessile_Osteochondroma_A_Case_Study_and_Review_of_the_Literature&lt;/nowiki&gt; . The most common benign bone tumor is osteochondroma.  Its natural history is poorly understood as a consequence of its benign symptomatology in most cases. It typically grows in childhood and growth during adulthood can be a sign of malignant  degeneration. We present  a case of  spontaneous regression of  a solitary osteochondroma.  A review of the  current  literature which  reveals 21  other cases of  spontaneous regression  of solitary  osteochondromas is also discussed. We believe that the possibility of regression of solitary osteochondromas should be taken into account when considering surgical excision.''

'''Viala P, Vanel D, Larbi A, Cyteval C, Laredo JD. Bilateral ischiofemoral impingement in a patient with hereditary multiple exostoses. Skeletal Radiol. 2012;41:1637–40. [PubMed] &lt;nowiki&gt;https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22865159/&lt;/nowiki&gt;.'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Viala |first=Pierre |last2=Vanel |first2=Daniel |last3=Larbi |first3=Ahmed |last4=Cyteval |first4=Catherine |last5=Laredo |first5=Jean-Denis |date=2012-12 |title=Bilateral ischiofemoral impingement in a patient with hereditary multiple exostoses |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22865159 |journal=Skeletal Radiology |volume=41 |issue=12 |pages=1637–1640 |doi=10.1007/s00256-012-1488-0 |issn=1432-2161 |pmid=22865159}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''We report a case of bilateral ischiofemoral impingement in a patient with hereditary multiple exostoses. The association of exostoses and femoral metaphyseal widening resulted in the narrowing of the ischiofemoral spaces.''

'''Wang YZ, Park KW, Oh CS, Ahn YS, Kang QL, Jung ST, Song HR. Developmental pattern of the hip in patients with hereditary multiple exostoses. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2015;16:54'''''.'' '''https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4429362/&lt;nowiki/&gt;.'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Wang |first=Ya-Zhou |last2=Park |first2=Kwang-Won |last3=Oh |first3=Chang-Seon |last4=Ahn |first4=Yeong-Seub |last5=Kang |first5=Qing-Lin |last6=Jung |first6=Sung-Taek |last7=Song |first7=Hae-Ryong |date=2015-03-15 |title=Developmental pattern of the hip in patients with hereditary multiple exostoses |url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4429362/ |journal=BMC musculoskeletal disorders |volume=16 |pages=54 |doi=10.1186/s12891-015-0514-5 |issn=1471-2474 |pmc=4429362 |pmid=25888017}}&lt;/ref&gt; '''C'''''oxa valga is a common clinical feature of hereditary multiple exostoses (HME). The current study aimed to determine the unique developmental pattern of the hip in patients with HME and evaluate the factors that influence its progression.''

'''Wiater JM, Farley FA. Popliteal pseudoaneurysm caused by an adjacent osteochondroma: a case report and review of the literature. Am J Orthop (Belle Mead NJ). 1999 Jul;28(7):412-6. PMID: 10426440.'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Wiater |first=J. M. |last2=Farley |first2=F. A. |date=1999-07 |title=Popliteal pseudoaneurysm caused by an adjacent osteochondroma: a case report and review of the literature |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10426440 |journal=American Journal of Orthopedics |volume=28 |issue=7 |pages=412–416 |issn=1078-4519 |pmid=10426440}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''A male 17-year-old with multiple hereditary exostoses presented with a mass in the distal left thigh several days after lifting weights. An arteriogram showed a popliteal artery pseudoaneurysm adjacent to a femoral osteochondroma. The osteochondroma was excised and the artery was repaired with a saphenous vein interposition graft. A review of the literature identified 23 similar reports. The average age of the patients was 21.3 years. Seventy-eight percent were men and half of the patients had multiple hereditary exostoses. Ten patients were initially misdiagnosed. The clinician should consider the diagnosis of pseudoaneurysm in a young patient with an osteochondroma and a mass about the knee.''

'''Zaijun L, Xinhai Y, Zhipeng W, Wending H, Quan H, Zhenhua Z, Dapeng F, Jisheng Z, Wei Z, Jianru X. 2013. Outcome and prognosis of myelopathy and radiculopathy from osteochondroma in the mobile spine: a report on 14 patients. J Spinal Disord Tech 26:194–199.''' ''Fourteen symptomatic spinal osteochondroma (OC)  cases, including 2 hereditary multiple exostoses, were treated surgically from 2001 to 2010.''

= People and books with HME: =
[[w:Deena_Larsen|Deena Larsen]] wrote about her mother at http://www.deenalarsen.net/firs

Irv Rosenfeld wrote about his experiences with medical marijuana from the U.S. government in My Medicine.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=MY MEDICINE |url=https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/22078567-my-medicine |access-date=2026-07-15 |website=Goodreads |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

= Spanish Translation =


Problemas de deficiencia de proteoglicano de sulfato de heparán (HSPG). La MHE es el resultado de una mutación en los genes EXT1 y EXT2. Los pacientes con MHE tienen una biosíntesis de HSPG defectuosa: sus cuerpos no producen HSPG (cf Cueller et al. 2013 y Jones et al. 2014). Los HSPG son parte de cada superficie celular y regulan los procesos biológicos (cf Zak et al. 2002, Meneghetti et al. 2015). Desempeñan un papel vital en la adhesión, migración, crecimiento y comunicación celular (Vicente et al. 2018). Whitlock e Iozzo (2005) han identificado varias enfermedades relacionadas con la ausencia de HSPG (es decir, si un proceso corporal requiere HSPG y no hay suficiente HSPG para completar esa función, entonces podrían ocurrir estos problemas). Los pacientes con MHE han reportado síntomas como:

* Baja masa ósea (Nozawa et al. 2018 y Matsumoto et al. 2020)
* Deficiencias neurológicas: Trastorno del espectro autista (Li et al, 2002, Fumitoshi et al. 2012, Irie et al, 2012, Yamaguchi 2012, Perez et al. 2015, Kambouris et al. 2016, Kim et al 2022); y problemas cognitivos (Farhan et al. 2015)
* Demencia frontotemporal (Narvid et al. 2009) y TDAH (Mooney et al. 2016), función cerebral (Condomitti y Wit 2018). Vea también el vídeo de ratones MHE en &lt;nowiki&gt;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6-EXRt_YL6A&lt;/nowiki&gt;.
* Enfermedades oculares (Park y Shukla, 2013)
* Defectos dentales (Kucukesmen et al. 2007 y Wiweger et al. 2012)
* Prediabetes (Heibert 2021)Diabetes y dificultad para controlar la glucosa (Matsuzawa 2021)
* Reacciones medicamentosas inusuales (muchos medicamentos actúan sobre el dominio de unión del heparán [Boer y Gaillard 2007]) 
* Fatiga severa y continua (Berg et al. 1999)
* Problemas gástricos graves, incluidas úlceras no causadas por H. pylori (Ascencio et al. 1993 y Chmiela et al. 1995), cáncer gástrico (Weihua et al. 2002) y síndrome de vómitos cíclicos (Kucukesmen et al. 2007 y Theoharides et al. 1999)
* Cálculos renales y otros problemas (véase Van den Born et al. 1993 y Farhan et al. 2015)
* Vértigo e hiperacusia (Lundberg et al., 2014) y migrañas
* Problemas pulmonares (Nackerts et al. 1997 y Haeger et al. 2016)
* Anemia (Poli et al. 2017), coágulos sanguíneos y coagulación (Stringer y Gallagher 1997 y Ho et al. 1997), pseudoaneurismas (Wiater y Farley 1996 y Harari et al. 2024)
* Problemas menstruales y de embarazo extremadamente dolorosos (Alphin et al. 1988, Yin et al. 2018)
* Inflamación (Parroquia 2005); cicatrización lenta de heridas (Zhongjun et al. 2004); cicatrices y queloides (Hosalkar et al. 2007, y problemas del tejido conectivo (Forsberg y Kjellen, 2001 y Otsuka et al. 2020).
* Funciones hepáticas (Arnold et al. 2020 y Dituri et al. 2022)
* Funciones del colesterol y los lípidos (Kolsett y Salmverta 1999) y Síntesis de vitamina D (Cooper 2021)  '''Problemas de crecimiento óseo.''' En la MHE, la falta de HSPG hace que los pacientes desarrollen exostosis, que son tumores benignos en múltiples ubicaciones en todo el cuerpo (Brown 2008, Thompson 2011 y Mansouri et al. 2017). La gravedad (número y tamaño de los tumores y otras complicaciones) de la MHE varía de un paciente a otro. Las exostosis en sí mismas pueden causar numerosos problemas, incluidos: irritación de tendones y músculos que produce dolor y pérdida de movimiento, deformidad esquelética, baja estatura, discrepancia en la longitud de las extremidades, subluxaciones y deformidad angular. Los problemas directamente asociados con estas exostosis incluyen:

* Dolor crónico y problemas con la calidad de vida (Goud et al. 2012)
* Inflamación, respuestas inmunitarias (Callaghan et al. 2018 y Collins y Troeberg 2019)
* Formación de bursa y bursitis resultante, así como artritis de aparición temprana.
* Problemas respiratorios y pulmonares al estar sobre costillas que sobresalen hacia la cavidad torácica (Mazza et al. 2017)
* Irritación de un nervio cercano (dolor, debilidad, entumecimiento, hormigueo)
* Aneurisma de vasos sanguíneos por exostosis que presionan los vasos sanguíneos u otros problemas vasculares (Albokhari et al. 2023)
* Problemas de compresión de la médula espinal: incontinencia, daño nerv'''Résumé de la MEM pour les médecins et les écoles'''

== References ==</text>
      <sha1>431cylfjseqfbmegrxy8u9lmrbpgr34</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4680507</id>
      <parentid>4680501</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T17:11:39Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>LoveElectronicLiterature</username>
        <id>3414389</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Patient's voices */ added Anne Feit</comment>
      <origin>4680507</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="118842" sha1="hs9hl3xo5sz0ih7163p66cfqmraiot4" xml:space="preserve">{{new book}}
[[W: Hereditary Multiple Exostoses|Hereditary Multiple Exostoses]] (HME) is a rare disease. It is also referred to as Multiple Hereditary Exostoses (MHE), Hereditary Multiple Osteochondromas (HMO), and Multiple Osteochondromas (MO). 

== Bone Issues ==
The first sign of HME is usually multiple bone tumors. See the online Multiple Osteochondromas Mutation Database  for an overview of the reported variants.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Jennes |first=Ivy |last2=Pedrini |first2=Elena |last3=Zuntini |first3=Monia |last4=Mordenti |first4=Marina |last5=Balkassmi |first5=Sahila |last6=Asteggiano |first6=Carla G. |last7=Casey |first7=Brett |last8=Bakker |first8=Bert |last9=Sangiorgi |first9=Luca |last10=Wuyts |first10=Wim |date=2009 |title=Multiple osteochondromas: mutation update and description of the multiple osteochondromas mutation database (MOdb) |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/humu.21123 |journal=Human Mutation |language=en |volume=30 |issue=12 |pages=1620–1627 |doi=10.1002/humu.21123 |issn=1098-1004}}&lt;/ref&gt;  In MHE, the lack of HSPG causes patients to develop exostoses, which are benign tumors in multiple locations throughout the body (Brown 2008, Thompson 2011, and Mansouri et al. 2017). The severity (number and size of tumors and other complications) for MHE varies from patient to patient. Exostoses themselves can cause numerous problems including: irritation of tendons and muscles resulting in pain and loss of motion, skeletal deformity, short stature, limb length discrepancy, subluxations, and angular deformity, with a chance for chondrosarcoma (Fei et al. 2018). Problems directly associated with these exostoses include:

* Chronic pain and issues with quality of life (Goud et al. 2012,&lt;ref name=&quot;:9&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Pain, Physical and Social Functioning, and... : Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery |url=https://www.ovid.com/jnls/jbjsjournal/fulltext/10.2106/jbjs.k.00406~pain-physical-and-social-functioning-and-quality-of-life-in |access-date=2026-07-16 |website=Ovid |language=en |doi=10.2106/JBJS.K.00406}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bathen et al. 2019, Tremorsini 2025)
* Inflammation, immune responses (Callaghan et al. 2018, Collins and Troeberg 2019)  
* Bursa formation (Rueda et al. 2025) and resulting bursitis as well as early onset arthritis 
* Breathing and lung issues when on ribs protruding into the thoracic cavity (Mazza et al. 2017)
*  Irritation of a nearby nerve (pain, weakness, numbness, tingling) 
*  Blood vessel aneurysm from exostoses pressing on blood vessels or other vascular problems (Albokhari et al. 2023)
* Spinal cord compression issues: incontinence, nerve damage and nerve problems associated with spinal tumors (Bari et al. 2012, Burki et al. 2011, Zaijun et al. 2013, Montgomery et al. 2019, and Monroig-Rivera et al. 2025)

== List of associated issues ==
'''Heparan Sulfate ProteoGlycan (HSPG) Deficiency Issues.''' MHE results from a mutation in the EXT1 and EXT2 genes.  MHE patients have defective HSPG biosynthesis--their bodies do not produce HSPG ('''cf''' Cueller et al. 2013, Jones et al,. 2014, and Pacifici et al. 2019&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Pacifici |first=Maurizio |date=2018-10 |title=The pathogenic roles of heparan sulfate deficiency in hereditary multiple exostoses |url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6015767/ |journal=Matrix Biology: Journal of the International Society for Matrix Biology |volume=71-72 |pages=28–39 |doi=10.1016/j.matbio.2017.12.011 |issn=1569-1802 |pmc=6015767 |pmid=29277722}}&lt;/ref&gt;).  HSPGs are part of every cell surface and regulate biological processes ( '''cf''' Zak et al. 2002, Meneghetti et al. 2015). HSPGs  play a vital role in cell adhesion, migration, growth, and communication (Bishop et al. 20017, Kempf et al 2017, Vicente et al. 2018). Whitlock and Iozzo (2005) have identified '''various diseases related to HSPG's absence''' (i.e., i'''f a body process requires HSPG and there is not enough HSPG to complete that function, then these issues could occur).  MHErs reported symptoms such as:'''

* Severe and continuing fatigue (Berg et al. 1999, Bathen 2019) 
* Neurological deficiencies: Autism Spectrum Disorder (Fumitoshi et al. 2012,  Irie et al, 2012, Yamaguchi 2012, Perez et al. 2015, Kambouris et al. 2016, Kim et al 2022); cognitive issues (Farhan et al. 2015); tremors (Aldunate et al. 2004). 
* Sleep disorders (Clark 2022, Chen 2023)
* Vertigo and hyperacusis (Lundberg et al., 2014) 
* Low bone mass (Nozawa et al. 2018 and Matsumoto et al. 2020) 
* Severe gastric issues  (Huang et al. 2018, Rueda et al. 2025) , including non ''H. Pylori'' ulcers (Ascencio et al. 1993 and Chmiela et al. 1995), gastric cancer (Weihua et al. 2002) and Cyclic Vomiting Syndrome (Kucukesmen et al. 2007)
* Fronto-temporal dementia (Narvid et al. 2009) and ADHD (Mooney et al. 2016), brain function (Condomitti and Wit 2018). Also see video of MHE mice at &lt;nowiki&gt;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6-EXRt_YL6A&lt;/nowiki&gt;.
* Eyesight/ocular diseases (Park and Shukla, 2013)
* Dental defects (Kucukesmen et al. 2007 and Wiweger et al. 2012)
* Prediabetes  (Heibert 2021)Diabetes and glucose difficulty (Matsuzawa 2021)
* Unusual drug reactions (many drugs act on heparan-binding domain [Boer and Gaillard 2007])
* Kidney stones and other problems (See Van den Born et al. 1993 and Farhan et al. 2015)
* Lung issues (Nackerts et al. 1997 and Haeger et al. 2016)
* Anemia (Poli et al. 2017), blood clots and coagulation (Stringer and Gallagher 1997 and Ho et al. 1997), psuedoaneurysms (Wiater and Farley 1996 and Harari et al. 2024)
* Extremely painful menstruation and pregnancy issues (Alphin et al. 1988, Yin et al. 2018)
* Inflammation (Parish 2005); slow wound healing (Zhongjun et al. 2004); scarring and keloids  (Hosalkar et al. 2007)
* Connective tissue issues (Forsberg and Kjellen, 2001 and Otsuka et al. 2020).
* Liver functions (Arnold et al. 2020 and Dituri et al. 2022)
* Cholesterol and lipid functions (Kolsett and Salmverta 1999)
* Deficient Vitamin D synthesis (Cooper 2021)

== Children's Corner ==

=== Teach your child to live with MHE ===
You just got a diagnosis for your child and you are terrified for their life.  Yeah, MHE sucks. And it is a life-long, untreatable disease. Sure you can have surgery, sure, physical therapy helps. But the underlying condition will be there every day for the rest of your life. So. How can you prepare your child to live successfully with MHE?

* '''Believe their pain.''' MHE can have some strange symptoms. Even the bones can subluxate (go in and out) within seconds, so the kid who could not walk two minutes ago is running now. Believe your child. Do not let the doctors gaslight you or your child into pretending that nothing is wrong.
* '''Let your child master their pain.''' Give your child as much control and autonomy as possible. Provide a &quot;pain corner&quot; with comfy pillows, their favorite toys, quiet activities, warmies or coolies. Let your child go to that pain area whenever they feel the need--when they are tired or in pain. This lets them regulate their own pain and functions. 
* '''Teach your child to brainstorm and plan around problems.''' Pain and limited mobility may limit certain options, but life still goes on. So when your child can not do something, brainstorm with them. Use your imaginations. You can not climb these steps. Ok, how can you get into the room? Can you slide on your butt? Should we get a giraffe from next door to help out? (Throw in silly suggestions because that expands their imagination and puts a bit of humor into the situation.) 

=== Advocate for your child with HME in schools ===
It is vital to advocate for your child so that they can work well in schools. Here are some suggested ways to ask for accommodations for this complex disease. Note that not every child will need all of these accommodations. 

My child has MHE, which involves bony bumps on their bones that can vary in size, location, and number as well as some neurological and other physical symptoms.Accommodations are needed for my child’s symptoms, which include:

*  '''Limited mobility.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Amajjar |first=Ihsane |last2=Vergauwen |first2=Kuni |last3=Willigenburg |first3=Nienke W. |last4=Huijnen |first4=Ivan P. J. |last5=Smeets |first5=Rob J. E. M. |last6=Ham |first6=S. John |date=2025-05-30 |title=Physical activity level and health-related quality of life in adults with multiple osteochondromas: a Dutch cross-sectional study |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-025-02812-3 |journal=Scientific Reports |language=en |volume=15 |issue=1 |pages=18990 |doi=10.1038/s41598-025-02812-3 |issn=2045-2322}}&lt;/ref&gt;''' Allow my child to participate in sports and in activities to the best of their abilities. When starting something new, allow my child to go last and ask my child privately if they can perform that action. If not, quietly allow them to pursue a different prearranged activity. Note that mobility changes daily and sometimes hourly, depending on the bone growth stages, whether muscle has moved over a bone growth,  or other complications.
*  '''Neurological symptoms'''. My child has Asperger-like and ADHD symptoms,&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Irie |first=Fumitoshi |last2=Badie-Mahdavi |first2=Hedieh |last3=Yamaguchi |first3=Yu |date=2012-03-27 |title=Autism-like socio-communicative deficits and stereotypies in mice lacking heparan sulfate |url=https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.1117881109 |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |volume=109 |issue=13 |pages=5052–5056 |doi=10.1073/pnas.1117881109}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Irie |first=Fumitoshi |last2=Badie-Mahdavi |first2=Hedieh |last3=Yamaguchi |first3=Yu |date=2012-03-27 |title=Autism-like socio-communicative deficits and stereotypies in mice lacking heparan sulfate |url=https://pnas.org/doi/full/10.1073/pnas.1117881109 |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |language=en |volume=109 |issue=13 |pages=5052–5056 |doi=10.1073/pnas.1117881109 |issn=0027-8424 |pmc=3323986 |pmid=22411800}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Pérez |first=Christine |last2=Sawmiller |first2=Darrell |last3=Tan |first3=Jun |date=2016-04-18 |title=The role of heparan sulfate deficiency in autistic phenotype: potential involvement of Slit/Robo/srGAPs-mediated dendritic spine formation |url=https://doi.org/10.1186/s13064-016-0066-x |journal=Neural Development |language=en |volume=11 |issue=1 |pages=11 |doi=10.1186/s13064-016-0066-x |issn=1749-8104 |pmc=4836088 |pmid=27089953}}&lt;/ref&gt; so please engage all measures for children on the spectrum as well as ADHD. Bone tumors on the spine can also create neurological issues.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Hereditary-multiple-exostoses-causing-cord-Bari-Alam/4687ea7d1225f1ecf4ecf4742a794f84576dce6d/figure/0 |access-date=2026-07-15 |website=www.semanticscholar.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; Please understand that bright lights or sound may cause pain or other issues. Please report any behavioral issues so that we can determine if MHE may be underlying these problems and we can address the issues with reasonable accommodations and an Individual Education Plan.
*  '''Frequent pain and fatigue&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Mitchell |first=Christina M. |last2=Beals |first2=Janette |last3=Whitesell |first3=Nancy Rumbaugh |last4=Voices of Indian Teens team |last5=Pathways of Choice team |date=2008-09 |title=Alcohol use among American Indian high school youths from adolescence and young adulthood: a latent Markov model |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18781241 |journal=Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs |volume=69 |issue=5 |pages=666–675 |issn=1937-1888 |pmc=2575396 |pmid=18781241}}&lt;/ref&gt;'''. If my child is in pain or is tired, allow them to rest in preplanned area with preplanned quiet activities (reading, watching an educational video, etc.). This area should be equipped with a heating pad and medication should be dispensed as agreed upon by me and the school.  
* '''Writing difficulties'''.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; My child may have extra bones on their wrists or hands, making writing painful. Please allow my child to use a computer.  Typing may be slow and please allow other software such as Dragon Naturally Speaking or Otter AI.
*  '''Coordination difficulties'''. My child may have neurological difficulties and problems coordinating eyesight. Please allow more time for tests if needed. Administer tests that require filling in bubbles in an alternative method.
* '''Incontinence/Vomiting'''. Please allow my child free access to the restroom without requiring a pass for sudden issues. Keep a spare set of clothing at the school in case of accidents.
* '''Hall passes.'''  Give my child access to the nurse and bathroom as they determine that they need to go. My child may have bathroom urgencies or need to get pain medication quickly. My child may also have a limb that has &quot;gone out&quot; or stopped working for a few seconds to a few days and will need to attend to that medical urgency. 

=== Advocation Laws and Directives ===
In U.S. cite Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act.


= How to Respond to Doctors =
There are suggested treatment protocols for MHE (see Rueda et al., 2025). However, MHE is a rare disease, and you will probably be the first patient that a medical practitioner has ever seen with this disease.  Try to be patient with the doctors and get doctors who work with you as a partner--you having lived with MHE do know a lot about your body! Ill-informed or too-busy doctors often rely on research that is outdated or inaccurate. Here are some common misconceptions that a doctor might tell you and how to respond. Before you go to the doctor, write out your questions. Take someone with you to take notes. Advocate for yourself! 

1.'''I have never seen an MHE patient. Surely this is just a bone condition!''' The condition involves much more than bone growths. MHErs do not biosynthesize heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPG), in much the same way that diabetics do not biosynthesize insulin (see Cueller et al. 2013 and Jones et al. 2014). Those HSPGs play a vital role in pretty much every single cell and every system in a human body (Bishop et al. 2017). Therefore, since I do not have sufficient levels of HSPG, I can have many different problems. Let's rule out anything comorbid (in other words, any other disease I might have at the same time). IF we can not find something to explain the cause of my symptoms of {REPEAT YOUR SYMPTOMS HERE} then we can blame the MHE and treat the symptoms.

'''2. You do not feel pain. It is just stress.'''  Bone does not have nerves, therefore there is no pain.  Even if that were true (which it is not--see Nencini and Ivanusic 2016&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Nencini |first=Sara |last2=Ivanusic |first2=Jason J. |date=2016-04-26 |title=The Physiology of Bone Pain. How Much Do We Really Know? |url=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/physiology/articles/10.3389/fphys.2016.00157/full |journal=Frontiers in Physiology |language=English |volume=7 |doi=10.3389/fphys.2016.00157 |issn=1664-042X |pmc=4844598 |pmid=27199772}}&lt;/ref&gt; for example ), then you wouldn't mind putting a stone in your shoe, right? Because the stone would not feel any pain. Oh, you wouldn't like that because it might hurt? Really? Ok. So I have an extra bone (LIKE A STONE) where there should only be muscle, nerve, and ligaments (LIKE A FOOT). For MHE-specific pain studies, see Darilek et al. 2005.

3. '''Your MHE did not cause x symptom.'''  I had one MHE patient (or read a case study) and they did not have x symptom, so therefore you do not have x symptom (or x symptom is unrelated). MHE is a rare and complex disease. Sometimes medical professionals will resort to explanations of hypochondria or Munchausens to explain away something that they do not understand. MHE is different for each patient, as there are different genetic mutations (EXT1, EXT2, EXT3 genes all play a role, as well as your other genetic profiles). There is not enough research to determine whether your symptoms are or are not caused by MHE. It is best to work with a doctor who will look for causes and accept that your MHE is not the same as anyone else's--including your own family members. Also, look at the list below for similar case studies on HME.  

'''4. No one else has had that reaction to that drug. You are lying or mistaken.''' No. HSPG plays a role in nearly every body function and is assumed to be present. My body does not produce HSPG. Therefore my drug interactions may well differ!&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Boer |first=A. G. de |last2=Gaillard |first2=P. J. |date=2007-02-10 |title=Drug Targeting to the Brain |url=https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev.pharmtox.47.120505.105237 |journal=Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology |language=en |volume=47 |issue=Volume 47, 2007 |pages=323–355 |doi=10.1146/annurev.pharmtox.47.120505.105237 |issn=0362-1642}}&lt;/ref&gt;  

5. '''The bones do not grow past puberty. If they have, then it is cancer.''' While studies have assumed this, it is not true. This has not been well researched, because it is difficult to have full xrays and to monitor over a lifetime, which would be required for absolute proof. But while there is a slight chance of chondrosarcoma, other MHE patients have reported bone growth past puberty. See the pictures of the 92- year old woman's skeleton with MHE. Bones grew back over her surgeries at age 70 and 80. If bones do not grow back, how do you explain the growths on her implants?

=== Questions to ask doctors if you are not being taken seriously ===
'''Scripts to Use When You Feel Dismissed'''

'''• This is affecting my daily life. I can not function well with this problem.''' Show pictures. Keep a diary of your pain and what you are not able to do. For example: When the tumor on my rib prevents me from raising my arm, I can not dress myself or brush my hair. When the fatigue is so bad, I can not go to class. When the pain is over a 5 (slamming your hand in a car door) continually, then I can not think well.

'''• Yes, the test results you got were normal, but I have problems.''' However, there are no tests for Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans, which may play a role. Therefore, we need to look deeper. I still have these issues. Explain again that you have MHE and do not biosynthesize HSPG, which plays a role in every cell. Look for common problems--because of course you can still have those! But do not let the doctor gaslight you into thinking it is all in your head. If nothing else, look in Google Scholar with HSPG and your symptom. 

'''• I’m still concerned. Can we talk about next steps?'''  What can we do, and how long should we wait to see if that step works? Ask again about your specific symptom. There may be a medication to try, or physical therapy. Note what you have tried--keep a record!

'''Scripts for When Symptoms Are Minimized'''

'''• This may seem mild to you, but this is really affecting my life.''' Again, be specific. Use the analogy of a rock in your shoe or anything else that makes sense to you.

'''• I'm a zebra. I have a rare complex disease. What can we do?''' Again remind them that MHE is a complex systemic disease and the extra bones are only one symptom of a wider range of problems stemming from not biosynthesizing  HSPG. 

• '''While this may seem mild, I think it is part of an overall pattern. This symptom is persistent and worsening, which is why I’m concerned.''' (Keep a diary. Keep images over time). 

'''Scripts for Redirecting the Conversation'''

'''• I know my body is complex. But here is my main issue now--let's focus on that'''. Before your appointment, write out and send a list of your main symptoms. This is a complex disease and you will not get to everything.

• '''Can we  go back to what I mentioned earlier?''' I know that everything is connected, but I am most concerned about ... so I can live my life. Keep that list. Have someone else in the room taking notes on that list of symptoms. 

'''• Please send me a copy of my medical chart.''' I want to be sure my concern is documented in my chart. Always ask for a copy of your medical records, including doctors' notes.

'''Scripts for Asking for Clarification'''

• “Can you explain why you don’t think further evaluation is needed?” (MHE is a life long condition.)

• “What would be a red flag that should prompt me to follow up?” (Ask about red flags for chondrosarcoma)

• “If this doesn’t improve, what’s the next step?” (Get referrals.)

= See also (MHE sites and resources) =

=== Institutions and Foundations ===
MHE Learning System&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Home - MHE Learning System |url=https://mhels.org/ |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=mhels.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; a site for MHE patients to learn about the disease and to cope. 

MHE Research Foundation&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Home |url=https://www.mherf.org/ |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=website |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; a site to share MHE research.

=== Patient's voices ===
YouTube -   [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1YdUFvXH1Kw Voices of MHE: Christine - YouTube]

Deena Larsen: Embodying My Mother's Bones&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Bodies of Knowledge |url=http://www.deenalarsen.net/firs/ |access-date=2026-11-06 |website=www.deenalarsen.net}}&lt;/ref&gt;

When It All Fades Away: A Memoir of Healing and Hope by Anne Feit (Author) 

= Research and medical studies =
Italics after a citation is a sentence directly from that work that summarizes the main points for HME patients and their doctors. Please go to the actual study cited. 

== HME Specific studies ==

=== Summary studies ===
'''Rueda-de-Eusebio, A., Gomez-Pena, S., Moreno-Casado, M.J. et al. Hereditary multiple exostoses: an educational review. Insights Imaging 16, 46 (2025). &lt;nowiki&gt;https://doi.org/10.1186/s13244-025-01899-6&lt;/nowiki&gt;''' ''  This review summarises current knowledge on the clinical presentation, pathogenesis, imaging characteristics, complications, and treatment of HME.''

=== Autism and neurological issues ===
'''Yamaguchi, Yu. Research on rare bone disorder reveals new insights into autism. &lt;nowiki&gt;https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/857331&lt;/nowiki&gt; March 2012,''' ''Sanford-Burnham researchers discover the molecular basis of autistic symptoms in children with a rare bone disorder -- findings that also provide new insights for the general autistic population.Researchers at Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute (Sanford-Burnham) used a mouse model of MHE to investigate cognitive function. They found that mice with a genetic defect that models human MHE show symptoms that meet the three defining characteristics of autism: social impairment, language deficits, and repetitive behavior.''

See associated video presentations:

[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9SmRRG03zxo Yu Yamaguchi, M.D., Ph.D. - Consequences of Genetic Deficiency]

'Heparan Sulfate, Hereditary Multiple Exostoses, and Autism: Insight from a Rare Disease for a Common Disease&quot; at the Third Annual Rare Disease Day Symposium at Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute. The symposium took place at Sanford-Burnham's La Jolla campus on February 24, 2012 and the focus was Glycosylation-Based Disorders: Discovery, Patients, and Progress Toward Treatments.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |last=Sanford Burnham Prebys |title=Yu Yamaguchi, M.D., Ph.D. |date=2012-03-05 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6-EXRt_YL6A |access-date=2026-09-10}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Heparan Sulfate and Human Diseases, March 5, 2012.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Yu Yamaguchi, M.D., Ph.D. |url=https://www.google.com/search?hl=en-US&amp;hl=en&amp;client=mobilesearchapp&amp;sca_esv=16067ccfc9d0a6cf&amp;channel=iss&amp;rlz=1MDAPLA_enUS667US667&amp;v=437.4.973319807&amp;q=yu+yamaguchi+video&amp;docid=8EyS2A5A5MmJHM&amp;ibp=video&amp;shem=epsd1,ivsple,rimspwouoe&amp;shndl=41&amp;shmd=H4sIAAAAAAAA_42Rz24TMRDGVeDUN4DTqAcqoc0mjUC0kSqUNG0DYkubRKjtbeqdjU3W9uIZN9kbD8UD8Cw8Aw-AFwTiABInW_Pnm983s_vt0e7jmwg3aHEVlTYZFPk0z-BSp-fJWos0POr3yanQNkJlT-7cIF-xoBiVK2_7JnUSv_p4nDKj8UV5dK6u3hWzKb-_qm6ro_nJ4banr882L9qLw_CB2nYwtJNC3Rer2Uu3vOXx9eYpHx8Mnn19-E-QDHwFC3SVD2VvEoPTaKGg0iisYU5MGJSG147FSBSCJqSYEwZtGATrdQZ7-zNqMKCDRawrFMpgRiFJCIYWiliLaWqC061n8UycAboSxlEM21EnbVZaoAreAsIcA8HUpLlMkKBS6MRb692v4B6ggGiCpTYhyTgXO9I_26bYwqK1jWcTbVf-__7yJEvAv5vF-zU0NSr6i84-w1uEN76uERTaJjIkzjO6C7FzPnyewXBwMPxhtyOuvEolG2Q4r1vlua3Tqb3rTRJ02dEnbQo86r7K31No05FSSbfvn0u7DH6VDsCw9BtM7peBUGyXz7dfHnza-bzzHdtbemZ3AgAA&amp;shmds=v1_ARwrE22JjgnjP0eJT9xgIFMVGTFJDAswWntiJI2oXY3-HEfR1A&amp;source=sh/x/vid/m1/5&amp;kgs=82929becb69767fb&amp;utm_source=epsd1,ivsple,rimspwouoe,sh/x/vid/m1/5#fpstate=ive&amp;vld=cid:911b02e3,vid:6-EXRt_YL6A,st:0 |access-date=2026-09-10 |website=www.google.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Pain, disability, and fatigue ===
'''Amajjar I, Vergauwen K, Willigenburg NW, Huijnen IPJ, Smeets RJEM, Ham SJ, 2025, Scientific report. Physical activity level and health-related quality of life in adults with multiple osteochondromas: a Dutch cross-sectional study. 2045-2322, 2025 May 30, Vol. 15, Issue 1'''&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; ''Multiple Osteochondromas (MO) can significantly impact physical functioning,..These results underscore the need for targeted interventions focusing on pain management, psychological factors, and lifestyle changes to improve both PAL and HRQOL in MO patients.''

'''Bathen T, Fredwall S, Steen U, 2019. Fatigue and pain in children and adults with multiple osteochondromas in Norway, a cross-sectional study. International journal of orthopaedic and trauma nursing [Int J Orthop Trauma Nurs] 2019 Aug; Vol. 34, pp. 28-35. Date of Electronic Publication: 2019 Feb 10.  ISSN: 18781241''' &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; ''Background: Multiple Osteochondromas (MO) is a rare skeletal disorder frequently needing orthopaedic surgery. High prevalence of pain has been reported, however fatigue has not previously been investigated.'' ''Results: Children with MO reported significantly higher fatigue than healthy children. Adults reported significantly higher fatigue than the general Norwegian population. Six of 11 children and 20 of 21 adults reported pain. Severe fatigue was more prevalent in persons with high age, high pain intensity and many pain locations; however none of these differences were significant.''

'''Darilek, Sandra MS*; Wicklund, Catherine MS†; Novy, Diane PhD‡; Scott, Allison MD§; Gambello, Michael MD, PhD*; Johnston, Dennis PhD¶; Hecht, Jacqueline PhD*. Hereditary Multiple Exostosis and Pain. Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics 25(3):p 369-376, May 2005. | DOI: 10.1097/01.bpo.0000150813.18673.''' ''This study was undertaken to characterize pain in individuals with hereditary multiple exostosis (HME).  Eighty-four percent of participants reported having pain, indicating that pain is a real problem in HME.''

'''Goud, A. L., de Lange, J., Scholtes, V. A. B., Bulstra, S. K., &amp; Ham, S. J. (2012). Pain, Physical and Social Functioning, and Quality of Life in Individuals with Multiple Hereditary Exostoses in the Netherlands. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery-American Volume, 94A(11), 1013-1020. &lt;nowiki&gt;https://doi.org/10.2106/JBJS.K.00406&lt;/nowiki&gt;.'''&lt;ref name=&quot;:9&quot; /&gt; ''Our study confirms that multiple hereditary exostoses is a chronic disease causing a profound impact on quality of life. The results suggest that pain is not the only problem associated with multiple hereditary exostoses, as it has an extensive influence on daily activities, as well as on social and psychological well-being, causing significant disability.''

'''Tremosini, M., Morri, M., Forni, C., Pedrini, E., Mordenti, M., Gnoli, M., Di Cecco, A., Moroni, A., &amp; Sangiorgi, L. (2025). Pain in patients with multiple inherited osteochondromas: Incidence and potential prognostic factors. Journal of Bone Oncology, 52, 100672.''' ''Purpose: the purpose of this study was to describe the baseline characteristics, presenting phenotype and treatment interventions for patients diagnosed with multiple osteochondromas who presented with severe pain'' ''symptoms. .Conclusion: from the early stages of multiple osteochondromas diagnosis, pain symptoms must be carefully assessed. An increase in age is associated with a worsening of pain; IOR classification of the multiple osteo-chondromas phenotype does not currently allow an association between the various classes and pain. A re-evaluation of the classification in this light could be an important new element for clinical practice.''

=== Bone growth complications ===
'''Burki, Vincent, Alexander So, Bérengère Aubry-Rozier, 2011. Cervical myelopathy in hereditary multiple exostoses, Joint Bone Spine, Volume 78, Issue 4, &lt;nowiki&gt;https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbspin.2011.02.021&lt;/nowiki&gt;'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Burki |first=Vincent |last2=So |first2=Alexander |last3=Aubry-Rozier |first3=Bérengère |date=2011-07 |title=Cervical myelopathy in hereditary multiple exostoses |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1297319X11000558 |journal=Joint Bone Spine |language=en |volume=78 |issue=4 |pages=412–414 |doi=10.1016/j.jbspin.2011.02.021}}&lt;/ref&gt;'''.''' ''Spinal cord compression due to cervical exostoses is a rare but recognized complication of hereditary multiple exostosis (HME), an autosomal dominant disorder. This disease, also called multiple osteochondromatosis, is characterised by osteocartilaginous exostoses, typically involving the juxtaepiphyseal regions of long bones. Complications such as transformation to sarcoma (1 to 5%) or neurological compression (of the spinal cord, 1 to 9%) can arise during the course of the disease.''

'''Bukowska-Olech Ewelina, Trzebiatowska Wiktoria, Czech Wiktor, Drzymała Olga, Frąk Piotr, Klarowski Franciszek, Kłusek Piotr, Szwajkowska Anna, Jamsheer Aleksander, Hereditary Multiple Exostoses—A Review of the Molecular Background, Diagnostics, and Potential Therapeutic Strategies. &lt;nowiki&gt;https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fgene.2021.759129&lt;/nowiki&gt; '''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Bukowska-Olech |first=Ewelina |last2=Trzebiatowska |first2=Wiktoria |last3=Czech |first3=Wiktor |last4=Drzymała |first4=Olga |last5=Frąk |first5=Piotr |last6=Klarowski |first6=Franciszek |last7=Kłusek |first7=Piotr |last8=Szwajkowska |first8=Anna |last9=Jamsheer |first9=Aleksander |date=2021-12-10 |title=Hereditary Multiple Exostoses—A Review of the Molecular Background, Diagnostics, and Potential Therapeutic Strategies |url=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/genetics/articles/10.3389/fgene.2021.759129/full |journal=Frontiers in Genetics |language=English |volume=12 |doi=10.3389/fgene.2021.759129 |issn=1664-8021 |pmc=8704583 |pmid=34956317}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''' '''''Hereditary multiple exostoses (HMEs) syndrome, also known as multiple osteochondromas, represents a rare and severe human skeletal disorder. The disease may severely affect the quality of patients’ life due to motion impairments, skeletal deformations, chronic pain, or growth retardation and possibility of malignant transformation of exostoses.''

'''Matsumoto, K., Ogawa, H., Nozawa, S. et al. An analysis of osteoporosis in patients with hereditary multiple exostoses. Osteoporos Int 31, 2355–2361 (2020). &lt;nowiki&gt;https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-020-05533-7&lt;/nowiki&gt;'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Matsumoto |first=K. |last2=Ogawa |first2=H. |last3=Nozawa |first3=S. |last4=Akiyama |first4=H. |date=2020-12-01 |title=An analysis of osteoporosis in patients with hereditary multiple exostoses |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-020-05533-7 |journal=Osteoporosis International |language=en |volume=31 |issue=12 |pages=2355–2361 |doi=10.1007/s00198-020-05533-7 |issn=1433-2965}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''We analyzed osteoporosis in 20 HME patients. Our results indicate HME patients have low bone mass. They do not have abnormal bone metabolism.''

'''Phan, A. Q., Pacifici, M., &amp; Esko, J. D. (2017). Advances in the pathogenesis and possible treatments for multiple hereditary exostoses from the 2016 international MHE conference. Connective Tissue Research, 59(1), 85–98. &lt;nowiki&gt;https://doi.org/10.1080/03008207.2017.1394295&lt;/nowiki&gt;.'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/action/cookieAbsent |access-date=2026-07-16 |website=www.tandfonline.com |doi=10.1080/03008207.2017.1394295 |pmc=7604901 |pmid=29099240}}&lt;/ref&gt;''  MHE, also known as hereditary multiple exostoses (HME) or multiple osteochondromas (MO), is characterized by cartilage-capped outgrowths called osteochondromas that develop adjacent to the growth plates of skeletal elements in young patients. These benign tumors can affect growth plate function, leading to skeletal growth retardation, or deformations, and can encroach on nerves, tendons, muscles, and other surrounding tissues and cause motion impairment, chronic pain, and early onset osteoarthritis. In about 2–5% of patients, the osteochondromas can become malignant and life threatening.''

'''Stiever, JR., and J.P. Dormans (2005). Manifestations of hereditary multiple exostoses. Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, 13: 110-120'''''.'' '''&lt;nowiki&gt;https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15850368/&lt;/nowiki&gt;''' ''Hereditary multiple exostosis is an autosomal dominant disorder manifested by the presence of multiple osteochondromas. Linkage analysis has implicated mutations in the EXT gene family, resulting in an error in the regulation of normal chondrocyte proliferation and maturation that leads to abnormal bone growth. Although exostoses are benign lesions, they are often associated with characteristic progressive skeletal deformities and may cause clinical symptoms. Patients with hereditary multiple exostosis have a slight risk of sarcomatous transformation of the cartilaginous portion of the exostosis.''

=== '''Screening and treatment''' ===
'''Fei, Li,  Clara Ngoh, Daniel E. Porter, Chondrosarcoma transformation in hereditary multiple exostoses: A systematic review and clinical and cost-effectiveness of a proposed screening model, Journal of Bone Oncology, Volume 13, 2018, Pages 114-122, ISSN 2212-1374, &lt;nowiki&gt;https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbo.2018.09.011&lt;/nowiki&gt;.'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Fei |first=Li |last2=Ngoh |first2=Clara |last3=Porter |first3=Daniel E. |date=2018-11-01 |title=Chondrosarcoma transformation in hereditary multiple exostoses: A systematic review and clinical and cost-effectiveness of a proposed screening model |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2212137418300903 |journal=Journal of Bone Oncology |volume=13 |pages=114–122 |doi=10.1016/j.jbo.2018.09.011 |issn=2212-1374 |pmc=6303411 |pmid=30591865}}&lt;/ref&gt;''  The most serious complication of hereditary multiple exostoses (HME) is chondrosarcoma transformation. Three HME screening strategies were then developed and compared using cost per life-year gained and incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER).''

'''Hosalkar, Harish MD, MBMS (Ortho), FCPS (Ortho), DNB (Ortho)*; Greenberg, Jared MD†; Gaugler, Rebecca L. BS‡; Garg, Sumeet MD§; Dormans, John P. MD∥, 2007. Abnormal Scarring With Keloid Formation After Osteochondroma Excision in Children With Multiple Hereditary Exostoses Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics: May 2007 - Volume 27 - Issue 3 - p 333-337 doi: 10.1097/BPO.0b013e3180326732'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Hosalkar |first=Harish |last2=Greenberg |first2=Jared |last3=Gaugler |first3=Rebecca L. |last4=Garg |first4=Sumeet |last5=Dormans |first5=John P. |date=2007-05 |title=Abnormal Scarring With Keloid Formation After Osteochondroma Excision in Children With Multiple Hereditary Exostoses |url=https://journals.lww.com/01241398-200704000-00017 |journal=Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics |language=en |volume=27 |issue=3 |pages=333–337 |doi=10.1097/BPO.0b013e3180326732 |issn=0271-6798}}&lt;/ref&gt;  ''Although this study has limited numbers, the results demonstrate a statistically significant correlation between keloid formation and MHE. The risk for abnormal scarring and keloid formation should be discussed with all patients before surgery.''

'''Monroig-Rivera, Carlos MD1; Bockhorn, Lauren MD1,2; Thornberg, David BS1; Santillan, Brenda BS1,2; Rathjen, Karl E. MD1,2,a. Prevalence of Osteochondromas in the Spine in Patients with Multiple Hereditary Exostoses. JBJS Open Access 10(1):e24.00072, January-March 2025. | DOI: 10.2106/JBJS.OA.24.00072.''' &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Monroig-Rivera |first=Carlos |last2=Bockhorn |first2=Lauren |last3=Thornberg |first3=David |last4=Santillan |first4=Brenda |last5=Rathjen |first5=Karl E. |date=2025-01 |title=Prevalence of Osteochondromas in the Spine in Patients with Multiple Hereditary Exostoses |url=https://journals.lww.com/10.2106/JBJS.OA.24.00072 |journal=JBJS Open Access |language=en |volume=10 |issue=1 |doi=10.2106/JBJS.OA.24.00072 |issn=2472-7245}}&lt;/ref&gt;''Although nearly half of the patients had spinal osteochondromas, neural impingement was rare (4%). Neither age, gender, nor the presence of rib and pelvic osteochondromas were associated with spinal involvement, osteochondromas in the canal, or neural impingement. This information can be used to guide clinical decision-making regarding the use of MRI scans for patient screening'''''.'''

'''Troxel, J., Fleury, I. G., &amp; Buckwalter V, J. A. (2025). Revisiting Sex Differences in Multiple Hereditary Exostoses (MHE): A Comprehensive Retrospective Analysis of Patient Characteristics and Surgical Patterns. ''Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics'', ''46''(3), 180–185.''' ''We examined 103 MHE-diagnosed patients treated at the University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics from June 2008 to March 2023.'' ''Our findings deviate from the commonly accepted male predominance in MHE, revealing an even male-female distribution.''

'''Van der Woude HJ, Flipsen M, Welsink C, Van der Zwan AL, Ham SJ, 2025. Is total-body MRI useful as a screening tool to rule out malignant progression in patients with multiple osteochondromas? Results in a single-center cohort of 319 adult patients. By''''':''  '''Skeletal radiology, 1432-2161, 2024 Jan, Vol. 53, Issue 1.'''''To evaluate the results of total-body (TB) MRI used as a screening tool for assessment or exclusion of malignant transformation in patients with hereditary multiple osteochondromas (HMO). Conclusion: TB-MRI can identify malignant transformation of osteochondromas in HMO patients. All peripheral chondrosarcomas occurred in flat bones (ribs, scapula, pelvis) in our study. TB-MRI might assist in triage between higher risk patients with a high burden of OC, including the location of OC in main flat bones vs lower risk patients without OC of the flat bones.''

'''Teeth'''

'''Wiweger, Malgorzata I. Wiweger, Zhe Zhao, Richard J. P. van Merkesteyn, Henry H. Roehl, and Pancras C. W. Hogendoorn, 2012. HSPG-Deficient Zebrafish Uncovers Dental Aspect of Multiple Osteochondromas. PLOS 1. &lt;nowiki&gt;https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0029734&lt;/nowiki&gt;'''''.'' ''Here we analyse dental defects present in ext2−/− fish. Histological analysis reveals that ext2−/− fish have very severe defects associated with the formation and the morphology of teeth. Our findings from zebrafish model were validated in a dental survey that was conducted with assistance of the MHE Research Foundation. The presence of the malformed and/or displaced teeth with abnormal enamel was declared by half of the respondents indicating that MO might indeed be also associated with dental problems.''

== Genetic studies (EXT genes) ==
As HME is associated with genetic issues on the EXT genes, here is a list of genetic studies:

'''Benoist-Lasselina, Catherine Emmanuel de Margerieb, Linda Gibbsa, Sarah Cormierc, Caroline Silvec, Gisèle Nicolasd, Martine LeMerrera, Jean-Francois Mallete, Arno­­­­ld Munnicha, Jacky Bonaventurea, Louise Zylberbergb, Laurence Legeai-Malleta,  2006.  ''Defective chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation in osteochondromas of MHE patients''. Bone, Volume 39, Issue 1, July 2006, Pages 17–26'''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Benoist-Lasselin |first=Catherine |last2=de Margerie |first2=Emmanuel |last3=Gibbs |first3=Linda |last4=Cormier |first4=Sarah |last5=Silve |first5=Caroline |last6=Nicolas |first6=Gisèle |last7=LeMerrer |first7=Martine |last8=Mallet |first8=Jean-Francois |last9=Munnich |first9=Arnold |last10=Bonaventure |first10=Jacky |last11=Zylberberg |first11=Louise |last12=Legeai-Mallet |first12=Laurence |date=2006-07 |title=Defective chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation in osteochondromas of MHE patients |url=http://www.thebonejournal.com/article/S8756-3282(05)00540-5/fulltext |journal=Bone |volume=39 |issue=1 |pages=17–26 |doi=10.1016/j.bone.2005.12.003 |issn=8756-3282}}&lt;/ref&gt; . ''Multiple hereditary exostoses (MHE) is an autosomal dominant skeletal disorder caused by mutations in one of the two EXT genes and characterized by multiple osteochondromas that generally arise near the ends of growing long bones.''

'''Busse-Wicher, Marta; Wicher, Krzysztof B.; Kusche-Gullberg, Marion (2014). &quot;The extostosin family: Proteins with many functions&quot;. Matrix Biology. Elsevier BV. 35: 25–33. doi:10.1016/j.matbio.2013.10.001. hdl:1956/10590. ISSN 0945-053X.''' ''Mutations in either EXT1 or EXT2 cause hereditary multiple osteochondromas (HMO), an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by bone deformities and cartilage-capped bony outgrowths, called exostoses or osteochondromas, at the ends of the long bones (reviewed in (Jennes et al., 2009)). HMO is one of the most common inherited skeletal disorders with an estimated incidence of 1–2 per 100 000 live births.''

'''Cuellar, A., Reddi, A.H. Cell biology of osteochondromas: Bone morphogenic protein signalling and heparan sulphates. International Orthopaedics (SICOT) 37, 1591–1596 (2013). &lt;nowiki&gt;https://doi.org/10.1007/s00264-013-1906-5&lt;/nowiki&gt;.'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Cuellar |first=Araceli |last2=Reddi |first2=A. Hari |date=2013-08-01 |title=Cell biology of osteochondromas: Bone morphogenic protein signalling and heparan sulphates |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s00264-013-1906-5 |journal=International Orthopaedics |language=en |volume=37 |issue=8 |pages=1591–1596 |doi=10.1007/s00264-013-1906-5 |issn=1432-5195 |pmc=3728397 |pmid=23771188}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''While factors for severity remain unknown, mutations in exostosin 1 and exostosin 2 genes, encoding glycosyltransferases involved in the biosynthesis of ubiquitously expressed heparan sulphate (HS) chains, are associated with MHE.''

'''Nozawa S, Inubushi T, Irie F, et al. Osteoblastic heparan sulfate regulates osteoprotegerin function and bone mass. JCI Insight. 2018;3(3):e89624. Published 2018 Feb 8. doi:10.1172/jci.insight.89624.'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Nozawa |first=Satoshi |last2=Inubushi |first2=Toshihiro |last3=Irie |first3=Fumitoshi |last4=Takigami |first4=Iori |last5=Matsumoto |first5=Kazu |last6=Shimizu |first6=Katsuji |last7=Akiyama |first7=Haruhiko |last8=Yamaguchi |first8=Yu |date=2018-02-08 |title=Osteoblastic heparan sulfate regulates osteoprotegerin function and bone mass |url=https://insight.jci.org/articles/view/89624 |journal=JCI Insight |language=en |volume=3 |issue=3 |doi=10.1172/jci.insight.89624 |issn=2379-3708 |pmc=5821205 |pmid=29415886}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''To determine the role of HS in bone homeostasis, we conditionally ablated Ext1, which encodes an essential glycosyltransferase for HS biosynthesis, in osteoblasts. Resultant conditional mutant mice developed severe osteopenia. Surprisingly, this phenotype is not due to impairment in bone formation but to enhancement of bone resorption. We also show that bone mineral density is reduced in patients with multiple hereditary exostoses, a genetic bone disorder caused by heterozygous mutations of Ext1, suggesting that the mechanism revealed in this study may be relevant to low bone mass conditions in humans.''

'''Pacifici M. The pathogenic roles of heparan sulfate deficiency in hereditary multiple exostoses. Matrix Biol. 2018 Oct;71-72:28-39. doi: 10.1016/j.matbio.2017.12.011. Epub 2017 Dec 24. PMID: 29277722; PMCID: PMC6015767'''''.''&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt; ''Heparan sulfate (HS) is an essential component of cell surface and matrix proteoglycans (HS-PGs) that include syndecans and perlecan. Because of their unique structural features, the HS chains are able to specifically interact with signaling proteins–including bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs)-via their HS-binding domain, regulating protein availability, distribution and action on target cells. Hereditary Multiple Exostoses (HME) is a rare pediatric disorder linked to germline heterozygous loss-of-function mutations in EXT1 or EXT2 that encode Golgi-resident glycosyltransferases responsible for HS synthesis, resulting in a systemic HS deficiency. HME is characterized by cartilaginous/bony tumors-called osteochondromas or exostoses- that form within perichondrium in long bones, ribs and other elements. This review examines most recent studies in HME, framing them in the context of classic studies. New findings show that the spectrum of EXT mutations is larger than previously realized and the clinical complications of HME extend beyond the skeleton.''

'''Sefcik R, Earl D. Hereditary Multiple Osteochondromas. 2000 Aug 3 [Updated 2026 Jan 29]. In: Adam MP, Bick S, Mirzaa GM, et al., editors. GeneReviews® [Internet]. Seattle (WA): University of Washington, Seattle; 1993-2026. Available from: &lt;nowiki&gt;https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1235&lt;/nowiki&gt;.''' ''Each child of an individual with HMO has a 50% chance of inheriting an HMO-causing pathogenic variant.''

'''Zak, B.M., B.E. Crawford, and J.D. Esko, 2002. Hereditary multiple exostoses and heparan sulfate polymerization Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) Volume 1573, Issue 3, 19 December 2002, Pages 346–355 &lt;nowiki&gt;http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304416502004026&lt;/nowiki&gt;''' ''Hereditary multiple exostoses (HME, OMIM 133700, 133701) results from mutations in EXT1 and EXT2, genes encoding the copolymerase responsible for heparan sulfate (HS) biosynthesis. Here, we provide an overview of HME, the EXT family of proteins, and possible models for the relationship of altered HS biosynthesis to the ectopic bone growth characteristic of the disease.''

== HSPG-Related studies ==
While HME is a rare disease and rarely studied, the connection between HME and HSPG is noted. Therefore, this list of research articles covers HME, HSPG, and the genetic issues associated with the EXT1, EXT2, and EXT3 genes.

'''Aldunate, Rebecca, Juan Carlos Casar, Enrique Brandan, Nibaldo C. Inestrosa, 2004. Structural and functional organization of synaptic acetylcholinesterase, Brain Research Reviews, Volume 47, Issues 1–3,''' &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Aldunate |first=Rebeca |last2=Casar |first2=Juan Carlos |last3=Brandan |first3=Enrique |last4=Inestrosa |first4=Nibaldo C. |date=2004-12 |title=Structural and functional organization of synaptic acetylcholinesterase |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0165017304001092 |journal=Brain Research Reviews |language=en |volume=47 |issue=1-3 |pages=96–104 |doi=10.1016/j.brainresrev.2004.07.019}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''&quot;The presence of two heparin-binding domains in ColQ that interact with heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) at the synaptic basal lamina; and second, a knockout mouse for perlecan, a HSPG concentrated in nerve–muscle contact, in which absence of asymmetric AChE at the NMJ is observed.&quot;''

'''Aplin, J.D., Charlton, A.K. &amp; Ayad, S.  1988. An immunohistochemical study of human endometrial extracellular matrix during the menstrual cycle and first trimester of pregnancy. Cell Tissue Res. 253: 231. &lt;nowiki&gt;https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00221758&lt;/nowiki&gt;.''' &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Aplin |first=J. D. |last2=Charlton |first2=A. K. |last3=Ayad |first3=S. |date=1988-07-01 |title=An immunohistochemical study of human endometrial extracellular matrix during the menstrual cycle and first trimester of pregnancy |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00221758 |journal=Cell and Tissue Research |language=en |volume=253 |issue=1 |pages=231–240 |doi=10.1007/BF00221758 |issn=1432-0878}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Changes in the organisation and composition of extracellular matrix in human endometrium during the menstrual cycle and early pregnancy have been assessed by immunofluorescence.'' 

'''Arnold, K. Y-E. Liao, and J. Liu, 2020. ''Potential Use of Anti-Inflammatory Synthetic Heparan Sulfate to Attenuate Liver Damage. Biomedicines 2020, 8(11), 503;''''' &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Arnold |first=Katelyn |last2=Liao |first2=Yi-En |last3=Liu |first3=Jian |date=2020-11-16 |title=Potential Use of Anti-Inflammatory Synthetic Heparan Sulfate to Attenuate Liver Damage |url=https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/8/11/503 |journal=Biomedicines |language=en |volume=8 |issue=11 |pages=503 |doi=10.3390/biomedicines8110503 |issn=2227-9059}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Heparan sulfate (HS) is an essential glycan for liver function.''

'''Ascencio, F. L. Å. Fransson and T. WadstrÖum, 1993. ''Affinity of the gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori for the N-sulphated glycosaminoglycan heparan sulphate'' J Med Microbiol April 1993 vol. 38 no. 4 240-244''' &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=F |first=Ascencio |last2=A |first2=Fransson, L. |last3=T |first3=Wadstrom |date=1993-04-01 |title=Affinity of the gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori for the N-sulphated glycosaminogly… |url=https://www.sgmjournals.org/jmm/content/38/4/240 |access-date=2026-07-15 |website=SGM Journals |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;'''.''' ''Binding of 125I-heparan sulphate was a common property of Helicobacter pylori strains isolated from patients with gastroduodenal ulcer diseases.''

'''Berg et al., 1999. Chronic fatigue syndrome and/or Fibromyalgia as a variation of Antiphospholipid antibody syndrome: an explanatory model and approach to laboratory  diagnosis'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Berg |first=D. |last2=Berg |first2=L. H. |last3=Couvaras |first3=J. |last4=Harrison |first4=H. |date=1999-10 |title=Chronic fatigue syndrome and/or fibromyalgia as a variation of antiphospholipid antibody syndrome: an explanatory model and approach to laboratory diagnosis |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10695770 |journal=Blood Coagulation &amp; Fibrinolysis: An International Journal in Haemostasis and Thrombosis |volume=10 |issue=7 |pages=435–438 |doi=10.1097/00001721-199910000-00006 |issn=0957-5235 |pmid=10695770}}&lt;/ref&gt; Not in this paper, but the logic is that low levels of HSPG are found in patients with chronic fatigue, and there is probably a correlation with MHE fatigue and low levels of HSPG.

'''Bishop, J., Schuksz, M. &amp; Esko, J. Heparan sulphate proteoglycans fine-tune mammalian physiology. Nature 446, 1030–1037 (2007). &lt;nowiki&gt;https://doi.org/10.1038/nature05817&lt;/nowiki&gt;'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Bishop |first=Joseph R. |last2=Schuksz |first2=Manuela |last3=Esko |first3=Jeffrey D. |date=2007-04 |title=Heparan sulphate proteoglycans fine-tune mammalian physiology |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/nature05817 |journal=Nature |language=en |volume=446 |issue=7139 |pages=1030–1037 |doi=10.1038/nature05817 |issn=1476-4687}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Heparan sulphate proteoglycans reside on the plasma membrane of all animal cells studied so far and are a major component of extracellular matrices. . A recurrent theme is the electrostatic interaction of the heparan sulphate chains with protein ligands, which affects metabolism, transport, information transfer, support and regulation in all organ systems.'' 

'''Boer and Gaillard, 2007. Drug Targeting to the Brain. Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology. Volume 47, 2007. Pp 323-355'''&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;'''.'''''… For many diseases of the brain, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, stroke, depression, schizophrenia, epilepsia and migraine headache, the drugs on the market … enter the cell following binding to heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG) receptors …''

'''Brown, Anissa Joy. Function of heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) and heparanase (HPSE) in endochondral bone formation University of Delaware, ProQuest Dissertations Publishing, 2008. 3324491.'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Function of heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) and heparanase (HPSE) in endochondral bone formation. by Brown, Anissa Joy (9781243986054) {{!}} Browns Books |url=https://www.brownsbfs.co.uk/Product/Brown-Anissa-Joy/Function-of-heparan-sulfate-proteoglycans-HSPGs-and-hepar/9781243986054 |access-date=2026-07-15 |website=www.brownsbfs.co.uk}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Endochondral bone formation is a tightly regulated process involving coordination among cell-cell, cell-matrix and growth factor signaling that eventually results in the production of mineralized bone from a cartilage template. Chondrogenic and osteogenic differentiation occur in sequence during this process, and the temporospatial patterning clearly requires the activities of heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs), heparin binding growth factors (HBGFs) and their receptors.''

'''O'Callaghan P, Zhang X, Li JP. 2018. Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans as Relays of Neuroinflammation. J Histochem Cytochem. 2018 Apr;66(4):305-319. doi: 10.1369/0022155417742147. Epub 2018 Jan 1. PMID: 29290138; PMCID: PMC5958378'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=O'Callaghan |first=Paul |last2=Zhang |first2=Xiao |last3=Li |first3=Jin-Ping |date=2018-04 |title=Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans as Relays of Neuroinflammation |url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5958378/ |journal=The Journal of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry: Official Journal of the Histochemistry Society |volume=66 |issue=4 |pages=305–319 |doi=10.1369/0022155417742147 |issn=1551-5044 |pmc=5958378 |pmid=29290138}}&lt;/ref&gt;'''.''' ''.'' ''We summarize some of the contrasting roles that HS and heparanase have been assigned in diseases associated with chronic inflammatory states, including Alzheimer's disease (AD).''

'''Chen, Ming and Xiao, Xiao and Rui, Yimin and Jin, Yu,''' '''2023. Relationship of Sleep Disorder with Neurodegenerative and Psychiatric Diseases: An Updated Review. Available at SSRN:''' &lt;nowiki&gt;https://ssrn.com/abstract=4484640&lt;/nowiki&gt; or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4484640. &quot;''Another key factor in the circadian timing of Aβ42 phagocytosis is the presence of cell-surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs), which highlights a potential causative factor for increased Aβ42 accumulation in patients with clock/sleep disorders due to the apparent circadian rhythmicity of HSPGs levels and the inhibitory role of HSPGs in the phagocytosis of Aβ42(Clark et al., 2022).&quot;''

'''Chmiela, M. et al. 1995. The role of heparan sulphate-binding activity of Helicobacter pylori bacteria in their adhesion to murine macrophages. &lt;nowiki&gt;http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1699-0463.1995.tb01133.x/full&lt;/nowiki&gt;'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Chmiela |first=M. |last2=Paziak-Domanska |first2=B. |last3=Rudnicka |first3=W. |last4=WadstrÖM |first4=T. |date=1995 |title=The role of heparan sulphate-binding activity of Helicobacter pylori bacteria in their adhesion to murine macrophages |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1699-0463.1995.tb01133.x |journal=APMIS |language=en |volume=103 |issue=1-6 |pages=469–474 |doi=10.1111/j.1699-0463.1995.tb01133.x |issn=1600-0463}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''The role of heparan sulphate (HS)-binding activity of Helicobacter pylori microbes in their adhesion to and ingestion by inflammatory peritoneal macrophages.''

'''Clark, GT, Yu Y, Urban C et al. 2023. Circadian control of heparan sulfate levels times phagocytosis of amyloid beta aggregates. February 10, 202. PLOS Genetics. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1009994&lt;nowiki/&gt;.'''  ''PGs like heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) and chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) are involved in the clearance of Aβ42, associate with Aβ42 to foster the formation of plaques, and reduce Aβ plaque load upon the knockout of a key enzyme in the HSPG biosynthesis pathway... our findings suggest the disruption of the circadian timing of macrophage/microglia phagocytosis may be a vital component in Aβ42 metabolism, highlighting a potential causative factor in the increase in accumulation of Aβ42 in patients with clock/sleep disturbances [8,13,20,22,25,94,97].'' 

'''Collins LE, Troeberg L. 2019. Heparan sulfate as a regulator of inflammation and immunity. J Leukoc Biol. 2019 Jan;105(1):81-92. doi: 10.1002/JLB.3RU0618-246R. Epub 2018 Oct 30. PMID: 30376187.'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Collins |first=Laura E |last2=Troeberg |first2=Linda |date=2018-12-27 |title=Heparan sulfate as a regulator of inflammation and immunity |url=https://academic.oup.com/jleukbio/article/105/1/81/6935486 |journal=Journal of Leukocyte Biology |language=en |volume=105 |issue=1 |pages=81–92 |doi=10.1002/JLB.3RU0618-246R |issn=1938-3673}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''In this review, we discuss the multiple roles for HS in regulating immune responses, and the evidence for inflammation-associated changes to HS structure.Keywords: chemokines; cytokines; heparan sulfate; inflammation; leukocyte.''

'''Condomitti, G., &amp; de Wit, J. (2018). Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans as Emerging Players in Synaptic Specificity. Frontiers in molecular neuroscience, 11, 14. &lt;nowiki&gt;https://doi.org/10.3389/fnmol.2018.00014&lt;/nowiki&gt;'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Condomitti |first=Giuseppe |last2=de Wit |first2=Joris |date=2018-01-26 |title=Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans as Emerging Players in Synaptic Specificity |url=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/molecular-neuroscience/articles/10.3389/fnmol.2018.00014/full |journal=Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience |language=English |volume=11 |doi=10.3389/fnmol.2018.00014 |issn=1662-5099 |pmc=5790772 |pmid=29434536}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''The heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG) family of cell-surface proteins is emerging as a key regulator of connectivity. HSPGs are expressed throughout brain development and play important roles in axon guidance, synapse development and synapse function.''

'''Cooper, Isabella D.; Brookler, Kenneth H.; Crofts, Catherine A. P. (2021-09-06). &quot;Rethinking  Fragility Fractures in Type 2 Diabetes: The Link between Hyperinsulinaemia and Osteofragilitas&quot; Biomedicines 9, no. 9: 1165.'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Cooper |first=Isabella D. |last2=Brookler |first2=Kenneth H. |last3=Crofts |first3=Catherine A. P. |date=2021-09-06 |title=Rethinking Fragility Fractures in Type 2 Diabetes: The Link between Hyperinsulinaemia and Osteofragilitas |url=https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/9/9/1165 |journal=Biomedicines |language=en |volume=9 |issue=9 |pages=1165 |doi=10.3390/biomedicines9091165 |issn=2227-9059}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''&lt;nowiki&gt;https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines9091165&lt;/nowiki&gt;  Hyperinsulinaemia negatively impacts HSPG function and availability, via impairment of vitamin D regulation. Vitamin D regulates sulfate synthesis, required for heparan sulphate ['''145'''].''

'''Dituri F, Gigante G, Scialpi R, Mancarella S, Fabregat I, Giannelli G. Proteoglycans in Cancer: Friends or Enemies? A Special Focus on Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancers. 2022; 14(8):1902. &lt;nowiki&gt;https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers14081902&lt;/nowiki&gt;'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Dituri |first=Francesco |last2=Gigante |first2=Gianluigi |last3=Scialpi |first3=Rosanna |last4=Mancarella |first4=Serena |last5=Fabregat |first5=Isabel |last6=Giannelli |first6=Gianluigi |date=2022-04-09 |title=Proteoglycans in Cancer: Friends or Enemies? A Special Focus on Hepatocellular Carcinoma |url=https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/14/8/1902 |journal=Cancers |language=en |volume=14 |issue=8 |pages=1902 |doi=10.3390/cancers14081902 |issn=2072-6694 |pmc=9024587 |pmid=35454809}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Proteoglycans are a class of highly glycosylated proteins expressed in virtually all tissues, which are localized within membranes, but more often in the pericellular space and extracellular matrix (ECM), and are involved in tissue homeostasis and remodeling of the stromal microenvironment during physiological and pathological processes, such as tissue regeneration, angiogenesis, and cancer.''

'''Farhan, S.M.K. , Wang J, Robinson JF, et al., 2015. Old gene, new phenotype: mutations in heparan sulfate synthesis enzyme, EXT2 leads to seizure and developmental disorder, no exostoses. Journal of Medical Genetics 2015;52:666-675. ''' ''Many genes are involved in modulating heparan sulfate synthesis, and when these genes are mutated, they can give rise to early-onset developmental disorders affecting multiple body systems.'' 

'''Forsberg E. and L. Kjellen, 2001. Heparan sulfate: lessons from knockout mice. Journal of Clinical Investigation. &lt;nowiki&gt;https://www.jci.org/articles/view/13561&lt;/nowiki&gt;.''' &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Forsberg |first=Erik |last2=Kjellén |first2=Lena |date=2001-07-15 |title=Heparan sulfate: lessons from knockout mice |url=https://www.jci.org/articles/view/13561 |journal=The Journal of Clinical Investigation |language=en |volume=108 |issue=2 |pages=175–180 |doi=10.1172/JCI13561 |issn=0021-9738 |pmid=11457868}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Kidney'' ''agenesis, “broken heart,” abnormal mast cells, somatic overgrowth, lung dysfunction, and chondrodysplasia are some phenotypes of mice where different genes important for heparan sulfate (HS) expression have been knocked out.The authors speculate that, during inflammation or wounding when fibronectin is degraded, syndecan-4 may be important for focal adhesion formation and actin fiber organization, which in turn contribute to cell migration.'' 

'''Fumitoshi Irie, Hedieh Badie-Mahdavi, and Yu Yamaguchi, 2012. ''Autism-like socio-communicative deficits and stereotypies in mice lacking heparan sulfate''. PNAS 2012 109 (13) 5052-5056;  March 27, 2012 vol. 109 no. 13'''&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt; '''&lt;nowiki&gt;http://www.pnas.org/content/109/13/5052.short&lt;/nowiki&gt;''' ''Heparan sulfate regulates diverse cell-surface signaling events, and its roles in the development of the nervous system recently have been increasingly uncovered by studies using genetic models carrying mutations of genes encoding enzymes for its synthesis. Our results demonstrate that heparan sulfate is critical for normal functioning of glutamatergic synapses and that its deficiency mediates socio-communicative deficits and stereotypes characteristic for autism.''

'''Ge, Xiao Na, Bastan, Idil, Ha, Sung Gil, Greenberg, Yana G., Esko, Jeffrey D., Rao, Savita P., Sriramarao, P., 2018. Regulation of eosinophil recruitment and allergic airway inflammation by heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG) modifying enzymes. Experimental Lung Research, 01902148, Mar2018, Vol. 44, Issue''' ''Our study demonstrates that allergen exposure reduces expression of Hs2st; loss of uronyl 2-O-sulfation in endothelial and leukocyte HSPG amplifies recruitment of eosinophils likely due to a compromised vascular endothelium resulting in persistent inflammation whereas loss of N-sulfation limits eosinophilia and attenuates inflammation underscoring the importance of site-specific sulfation in HSPG to their role in AAI.''

'''Haeger SM, Yang Y, Schmidt EP. Heparan Sulfate in the Developing, Healthy, and Injured Lung. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 2016;55(1):5-11. doi:10.1165/rcmb.2016-0043TR''' '''''&lt;nowiki&gt;https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4942210/&lt;/nowiki&gt;'''''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Haeger |first=Sarah M. |last2=Yang |first2=Yimu |last3=Schmidt |first3=Eric P. |date=2016-07 |title=Heparan Sulfate in the Developing, Healthy, and Injured Lung |url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4942210/ |journal=American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology |volume=55 |issue=1 |pages=5–11 |doi=10.1165/rcmb.2016-0043TR |issn=1535-4989 |pmc=4942210 |pmid=26982577}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''This Translational Review highlightsthe importance of athe glycosaminoglycan heparan sulfate (HS) on lung health and disease.''

'''Hiebert, Linda M. 2021. Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans in Diabetes. DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1724118. Thieme E-''' '''Journals - Seminars in Thrombosis and Hemostasis / Abstract (thieme-connect.com).''' &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Hiebert |first=Linda M. |date=2021-04 |title=Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans in Diabetes |url=http://www.thieme-connect.de/DOI/DOI?10.1055/s-0041-1724118 |journal=Seminars in Thrombosis and Hemostasis |language=en |volume=47 |issue=03 |pages=261–273 |doi=10.1055/s-0041-1724118 |issn=0094-6176}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Understanding the role of HSPGs and how they are modified by diabetes may lead to new treatments as well as preventative measures to reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with this complex condition.''

'''Ho, G., G Broze, A. Schwartz, 1997. Role of Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans in the Uptake and Degradation of Tissue Factor Pathway Inhibitor-Coagulation Factor Xa Complexes. CELL BIOLOGY AND METABOLISM| VOLUME 272, ISSUE 27, P16838-16844, JULY 1997.&lt;nowiki&gt;https://www.jbc.org/article/S0021-9258(18)39299-8/fulltext&lt;/nowiki&gt;''' &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Ho |first=Guyu |last2=Broze |first2=George J. |last3=Schwartz |first3=Alan L. |date=1997-07-04 |title=Role of Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans in the Uptake and Degradation of Tissue Factor Pathway Inhibitor-Coagulation Factor Xa Complexes * |url=https://www.jbc.org/article/S0021-9258(18)39299-8/abstract |journal=Journal of Biological Chemistry |language=English |volume=272 |issue=27 |pages=16838–16844 |doi=10.1074/jbc.272.27.16838 |issn=0021-9258}}&lt;/ref&gt;''These results suggest that heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) are required for the uptake and degradation of 125I-TFPI·fXa complexes.'' 

'''Huang M, He H, Belenkaya T, Lin X. Multiple roles of epithelial heparan sulfate in stomach morphogenesis. J Cell Sci. 2018 May 29;131(10):jcs210781. doi: 10.1242/jcs.210781. PMID: 29700203; PMCID: PMC6031332.''' &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Huang |first=Meina |last2=He |first2=Hua |last3=Belenkaya |first3=Tatyana |last4=Lin |first4=Xinhua |date=2018-05-15 |title=Multiple roles of epithelial heparan sulfate in stomach morphogenesis |url=https://journals.biologists.com/jcs/article/131/10/jcs210781/56866/Multiple-roles-of-epithelial-heparan-sulfate-in |journal=Journal of Cell Science |language=en |volume=131 |issue=10 |doi=10.1242/jcs.210781 |issn=1477-9137 |pmc=6031332 |pmid=29700203}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''In the posterior stomach, HS depletion disrupts glandular stomach patterning and cytodifferentiation via attenuation of Fgf signaling activity.'' 

'''Irie, F.,  H. Badie-Mahdavi, Y. Yamaguchi, 2012. Autism-like socio-communicative deficits and stereotypies in mice lacking heparan sulfate Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A., 109 (2012), pp. 5052-5056. &lt;nowiki&gt;https://www.pnas.org/doi/pdf/10.1073/pnas.1117881109&lt;/nowiki&gt;.''' &lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;''Our results demonstrate that heparan sulfate is critical for normal functioning of glutamatergic synapses and that its deficiency mediates socio-communicative deficits and stereotypies characteristic for autism.''

'''Jennes I, Pedrini E, Zuntini M, Mordenti M, Balkassmi S, Asteggiano CG, Casey B, Bakker B, Sangiorgi L, Wuyts W. Multiple osteochondromas: mutation update and description of the multiple osteochondromas mutation database (MOdb). Hum Mutat. 2009 Dec;30 (12):1620-7. doi: 10.1002/humu.21123. PMID: 19810120.''' &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Jennes |first=Ivy |last2=Pedrini |first2=Elena |last3=Zuntini |first3=Monia |last4=Mordenti |first4=Marina |last5=Balkassmi |first5=Sahila |last6=Asteggiano |first6=Carla G. |last7=Casey |first7=Brett |last8=Bakker |first8=Bert |last9=Sangiorgi |first9=Luca |last10=Wuyts |first10=Wim |date=2009-12 |title=Multiple osteochondromas: mutation update and description of the multiple osteochondromas mutation database (MOdb) |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/humu.21123 |journal=Human Mutation |language=en |volume=30 |issue=12 |pages=1620–1627 |doi=10.1002/humu.21123}}&lt;/ref&gt;''MO is genetically heterogeneous, and is associated with mutations in Exostosin-1 (EXT1) or Exostosin-2 (EXT2), both tumor-suppressor genes of the EXT gene family. All members of this multigene family encode glycosyltransferases involved in the adhesion and/or polymerization of heparin sulfate (HS) chains at HS proteoglycans (HSPGs).'' 

'''Jones, K. B., Pacifici, M., &amp; Hilton, M. J. (2014). Multiple hereditary exostoses (MHE): elucidating the pathogenesis of a rare skeletal disorder through interdisciplinary research. Connective Tissue Research, 55(2), 80–88. &lt;nowiki&gt;https://doi.org/10.3109/03008207.2013.867957&lt;/nowiki&gt;.''' ''MHE is largely caused by autosomal dominant mutations in EXT1 or EXT2, genes encoding Golgi-associated glycosyltransferases responsible for heparan sulfate (HS) synthesis. HS chains are key constituents of cell surface- and extracellular matrix-associated proteoglycans, which are known regulators of skeletal development. MHE affected individuals are HS-deficient, can display skeletal growth retardation and deformities, and consistently develop benign, cartilage-capped bony outgrowths (termed exostoses or osteochondromas) near the growth plates of many skeletal elements. Heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) critically modulate adhesion-, growth-, and migration-related processes.''

'''Kemp, Annissa et al. 2017. Control of Cell Shape, Neurite Outgrowth, and Migration by a Nogo-A/HSPG Interaction, Developmental Cell, Volume 43, Issue 1, 24 - 34.e5 &lt;nowiki&gt;https://www.cell.com/developmental-cell/fulltext/S1534-5807(17)30674-3&lt;/nowiki&gt;'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Kempf |first=Anissa |last2=Boda |first2=Enrica |last3=Kwok |first3=Jessica C. F. |last4=Fritz |first4=Rafael |last5=Grande |first5=Valentina |last6=Kaelin |first6=Andrea M. |last7=Ristic |first7=Zorica |last8=Schmandke |first8=Andre |last9=Schmandke |first9=Antonio |last10=Tews |first10=Bjoern |last11=Fawcett |first11=James W. |last12=Pertz |first12=Olivier |last13=Buffo |first13=Annalisa |last14=Schwab |first14=Martin E. |date=2017-10-09 |title=Control of Cell Shape, Neurite Outgrowth, and Migration by a Nogo-A/HSPG Interaction |url=https://www.cell.com/developmental-cell/abstract/S1534-5807(17)30674-3 |journal=Developmental Cell |language=English |volume=43 |issue=1 |pages=24–34.e5 |doi=10.1016/j.devcel.2017.08.014 |issn=1534-5807 |pmid=28943240}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) critically modulate adhesion-, growth-, and migration-related processes. Here, we show that the transmembrane protein, Nogo-A, inhibits neurite outgrowth and cell spreading in neurons and Nogo-A-responsive cell lines via HSPGs. Finally, we show in explant cultures ex vivo that Nogo-A-?20 promotes the migration of neuroblasts via HSPGs but not S1PR2.''

'''Kolset, S., Salmivirta, M. Cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans and lipoprotein metabolism. CMLS, Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 56, 857–870 (1999). &lt;nowiki&gt;https://doi.org/10.1007/s000180050031&lt;/nowiki&gt;''' [https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s000180050031. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s000180050031.]  ''Heparan sulfate has been further implicated in presentation and stabilization of lipoprotein lipase and hepatic lipase on cell surfaces and in the transport of lipoprotein lipase from extravascular cells to the luminal surface of the endothelia. In atherosclerosis, heparan sulfate is intimately involved in several events important to the pathophysiology of the disease.''

'''Laabs, T.; Carulli, D.; Geller, H.M.; Fawcett, J.W. Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans in neural development and regeneration. Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 2005, 15, 116–120. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Carulli |first=Daniela |last2=Laabs |first2=Tracy |last3=Geller |first3=Herbert M. |last4=Fawcett |first4=James W. |date=2005-02 |title=Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans in neural development and regeneration |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15721753 |journal=Current Opinion in Neurobiology |volume=15 |issue=1 |pages=116–120 |doi=10.1016/j.conb.2005.01.014 |issn=0959-4388 |pmid=15721753}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Proteoglycans are of two main types, chondroitin sulfate (CSPGs) and heparin sulfate (HSPGs). The CSPGs act mainly as barrier-forming molecules, whereas the HSPGs stabilise the interactions of receptors and ligands.'' 

'''Lundberg, Y.W., Y. Xu, K.D. Theissen, and K.L. Framer, 2014. Mechanisms of otoconia and otolith development. Developmental Dynamics, 9/24/2014.''' &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Lundberg |first=Yunxia Wang |last2=Xu |first2=Yinfang |last3=Thiessen |first3=Kevin D. |last4=Kramer |first4=Kenneth L. |date=2015 |title=Mechanisms of otoconia and otolith development |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/dvdy.24195 |journal=Developmental Dynamics |language=en |volume=244 |issue=3 |pages=239–253 |doi=10.1002/dvdy.24195 |issn=1097-0177 |pmc=4482761 |pmid=25255879}}&lt;/ref&gt;  ''Deletion of different HSPGs and CSPGs causes calcification deficiencies  which exemplifies their critical role in bone and teeth formation.''

'''Mansouri, R., Jouan, Y., Hay, E. et al. Osteoblastic heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycans control bone remodeling by regulating Wnt signaling and the crosstalk between bone surface and marrow cells. Cell Death Dis 8, e2902 (2017). &lt;nowiki&gt;https://doi.org/10.1038/cddis.2017.287&lt;/nowiki&gt;'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Mansouri |first=Rafik |last2=Jouan |first2=Yohann |last3=Hay |first3=Eric |last4=Blin-Wakkach |first4=Claudine |last5=Frain |first5=Monique |last6=Ostertag |first6=Agnès |last7=Le Henaff |first7=Carole |last8=Marty |first8=Caroline |last9=Geoffroy |first9=Valérie |last10=Marie |first10=Pierre J. |last11=Cohen-Solal |first11=Martine |last12=Modrowski |first12=Dominique |date=2017-06 |title=Osteoblastic heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycans control bone remodeling by regulating Wnt signaling and the crosstalk between bone surface and marrow cells |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/cddis2017287 |journal=Cell Death &amp; Disease |language=en |volume=8 |issue=6 |pages=e2902–e2902 |doi=10.1038/cddis.2017.287 |issn=2041-4889 |pmc=5520938 |pmid=28661485}}&lt;/ref&gt;  ''Syndecan-2 is a membrane heparan sulfate proteoglycan that is associated with osteoblastic differentiation. The osteogenic properties of matrix glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) have been explored; however, the functions of GAGs at the surface of bone-forming cells are less documented.'' 

'''Matsuzawa, T. et al., 2021. Heparan sulfate promotes differentiation of white adipocytes to maintain insulin sensitivity and glucose homeostasis. Journal of Biological Chemistry.'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Matsuzawa |first=Takuro |last2=Morita |first2=Masanobu |last3=Shimane |first3=Ai |last4=Otsuka |first4=Rina |last5=Mei |first5=Yu |last6=Irie |first6=Fumitoshi |last7=Yamaguchi |first7=Yu |last8=Yanai |first8=Kazuhiko |last9=Yoshikawa |first9=Takeo |date=2021-09 |title=Heparan sulfate promotes differentiation of white adipocytes to maintain insulin sensitivity and glucose homeostasis |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34310946 |journal=The Journal of Biological Chemistry |volume=297 |issue=3 |pages=101006 |doi=10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101006 |issn=1083-351X |pmc=8379462 |pmid=34310946}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''We observed that Ext1Δ/WT mice showed glucose intolerance because of insulin resistance. Our results demonstrate that HS plays a crucial role in the differentiation of white adipocytes through BMP4–FGF1 signaling pathways, thereby contributing to insulin sensitivity and glucose homeostasis.''

'''Meneghetti, Maria C. Z.; Hughes, Ashley J.; Rudd, Timothy R.; Nader, Helena B.; Powell, Andrew K.; Yates, Edwin A.; Lima, Marcelo A. (2015-09-06). &quot;Heparan sulfate and heparin interactions with proteins&quot;. Journal of the Royal Society, Interface. 12 (110): 0589. doi:10.1098/rsif.2015.0589. ISSN 1742-5662. PMC 4614469. &lt;nowiki&gt;PMID 26289657&lt;/nowiki&gt;'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Echits |first=S. V. |last2=Pichko |first2=V. B. |last3=Tikhomirova |first3=A. S. |last4=Letunova |first4=E. V. |date=1975 |title=[Preparation and properties of beta-galactosidase linked covalently with KM-cellulose] |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1742 |journal=Prikladnaia Biokhimiia I Mikrobiologiia |volume=11 |issue=6 |pages=848–851 |issn=0555-1099 |pmid=1742}}&lt;/ref&gt;''. Heparan sulfate (HS) polysaccharides are ubiquitous components of the cell surface and extracellular matrix of all multicellular animals, whereas heparin is present within mast cells and can be viewed as a more sulfated, tissue-specific, HS variant. HS and heparin regulate biological processes through interactions with a large repertoire of proteins. Owing to these interactions and diverse effects observed during in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo experiments, manifold biological/pharmacological activities have been attributed to them'''''.'''

'''Mooney et al. 2016.Pathway analysis in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: An ensemble approach. American Journal of Medical Genetics. Volume 171, Sept 2016. &lt;nowiki&gt;https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/ajmg.b.32446&lt;/nowiki&gt;''' &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Mooney |first=Michael A. |last2=McWeeney |first2=Shannon K. |last3=Faraone |first3=Stephen V. |last4=Hinney |first4=Anke |last5=Hebebrand |first5=Johannes |last6=Consortium |first6=Image2 |last7=Group |first7=German ADHD GWAS |last8=Nigg |first8=Joel T. |last9=Wilmot |first9=Beth |date=2016 |title=Pathway analysis in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: An ensemble approach |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/ajmg.b.32446 |journal=American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics |language=en |volume=171 |issue=6 |pages=815–826 |doi=10.1002/ajmg.b.32446 |issn=1552-485X |pmc=4983253 |pmid=27004716}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''These results support previous hypotheses about the role of regulation of neurotransmitter release, neurite outgrowth and axon guidance in contributing to the ADHD phenotype and suggest the value of cross-method convergence in evaluating pathway analysis results.''

'''Nackaerts, K. et al. 1997. Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycan Expression In Human Lung-Cancer Cells. Int. J. Cancer (Pred. Oncol.): 74, 335–345 (1997) r 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc. &lt;nowiki&gt;https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Maurits_Demedts/publication/13997415_Heparan_sulfate_proteoglycan_expression_in_human_lung-cancer_cells/links/5600565108aeafc8ac8c7374.pdf&lt;/nowiki&gt;'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Nackaerts |first=Kris |last2=Verbeken |first2=Erik |last3=Deneffe |first3=Georges |last4=Vanderschueren |first4=Bernadette |last5=Demedts |first5=Maurits |last6=David |first6=Guido |date=1997-07-01 |title=Heparan sulfate proteoglycan expression in human lung-cancer cells |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/13997415_Heparan_sulfate_proteoglycan_expression_in_human_lung-cancer_cells |journal=International journal of cancer. Journal international du cancer |volume=74 |pages=335–45 |doi=10.1002/(SICI)1097-0215(19970620)74:33.3.CO;2-4}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Heparan sulfate (HS) functions as a co-factor in several signal-transduction systems that affect cellular growth, differentiation, adhesion and motility. HS, therefore, may also play a role in the malignant transformation of cells, tumor growth, cell invasiveness and the formation of tumor metastases. Our results suggest that poorly differentiated lung tumors have markedly altered patterns of HSPG expression, which may contribute to their invasive phenotype. Int. J. Cancer 74:335– 345, 1997.''

'''Nencini Sara , Ivanusic Jason J. The Physiology of Bone Pain. How Much Do We Really Know? Frontiers in Physiology. Volume 7 - 2016.''' '''&lt;nowiki&gt;https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/physiology/articles/10.3389/fphys.2016.00157&lt;/nowiki&gt;. DOI=10.3389/fphys.2016.00157. ISSN=1664-042X'''&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt; ''Pain is associated with most bony pathologies. Clinical and experimental observations suggest that bone pain can be derived from noxious stimulation of the periosteum or bone marrow Whilst these provide some clues as to the way information about bone pain is centrally coded, they need to be expanded to further our understanding of other central territories involved.''

'''Otsu, K.; Kato, S.; Ohtake, K.; Akamatsu, N. Alteration of rat liver proteoglycans during regeneration. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 1992, 294, 544–549. Alteration of rat liver proteoglycans during regeneration - PubMed (nih.gov)'''''. Heparan sulfates (HS) are probably the major GAGs present on the surface of hepatocytes under normal conditions. Nevertheless, HSPGs expression increases during liver regeneration. Using [35S] sulfuric acid incorporation, Otsu et al. showed that, in the hepatic regeneration phase after hepatectomy, the synthesis of heparin sulfate proteoglycans, and to a lesser extent, of chondroitin/dermatan sulfate proteoglycans, increases up to 3–5 days and is temporally shifted compared to the stage of maximum mitosis that occurs 1–2 days following the surgical procedure [94].'' 

'''Otsuka, T., Phan, A.Q., Laurencin, C.T. et al. Identification of Heparan-Sulfate Rich Cells in the Loose Connective Tissues of the Axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum) with the Potential to Mediate Growth Factor Signaling during Regeneration. Regen. Eng. Transl. Med. 6, 7–17 (2020). &lt;nowiki&gt;https://doi.org/10.1007/s40883-019-00140-3&lt;/nowiki&gt; &lt;nowiki&gt;https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40883-019-00140-3&lt;/nowiki&gt;'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Otsuka |first=T. |last2=Phan |first2=A. Q. |last3=Laurencin |first3=C. T. |last4=Esko |first4=J. D. |last5=Bryant |first5=S. V. |last6=Gardiner |first6=D. M. |date=2020-03 |title=Identification of Heparan-Sulfate Rich Cells in the Loose Connective Tissues of the Axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum) with the Potential to Mediate Growth Factor Signaling during Regeneration |url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s40883-019-00140-3 |journal=Regenerative Engineering and Translational Medicine |language=en |volume=6 |issue=1 |pages=7–17 |doi=10.1007/s40883-019-00140-3 |issn=2364-4133 |pmc=7971174 |pmid=33748405}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''. We hypothesized that there are cells in the axolotl that synthesize specific HSPGs that control growth factor signaling in time and space. Given their high level of HSPG expression, their stellate morphology, and their distribution throughout the loose connective tissues, we refer to these as the positional information GRID (Groups that are Regenerative, Interspersed and Dendritic) cells.''

'''Parish, C., 2005. Heparan sulfate and inflammation. Nature Immunology 6(9):861-2 ·  October. &lt;nowiki&gt;https://www.researchgate.net/publication/7645220_Heparan_sulfate_and_inflammation&lt;/nowiki&gt;.'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Parish |first=Christopher |date=2005-10-01 |title=Heparan sulfate and inflammation |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/7645220_Heparan_sulfate_and_inflammation |journal=Nature immunology |volume=6 |pages=861–2 |doi=10.1038/ni0905-861}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Entry of leukocytes into tissues is a key feature of inflammation. New data suggest the polysaccharide heparan sulfate is required for several stages of this entry process.''

'''Park, P.J, and D. Shukla. Role of heparan sulfate in ocular diseases, Experimental Eye Research, Volume 110, 2013, Pages 1-9, ISSN 0014-4835, &lt;nowiki&gt;https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exer.2013.01.015&lt;/nowiki&gt;.'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Park |first=Paul J. |last2=Shukla |first2=Deepak |date=2013-05-01 |title=Role of heparan sulfate in ocular diseases |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0014483513000274 |journal=Experimental Eye Research |volume=110 |pages=1–9 |doi=10.1016/j.exer.2013.01.015 |issn=0014-4835 |pmc=3638857 |pmid=23410824}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Abstract: Heparan sulfate (HS), a ubiquitous and structurally diverse cell surface polysaccharide and extracellular matrix component, is a factor common to several major eye pathologies. Its multitude of functions and variable distribution among the different ocular tissues makes it an important contributor to a variety of disease states. Although HS facilitates the pathogenesis of many disorders, its role in each varies. Unique functions of HS have been particularly noted in viral and bacterial keratitis and age-related macular degeneration.'' 

'''Pérez, C., Sawmiller, D. &amp; Tan, J. The role of heparan sulfate deficiency in autistic phenotype: potential involvement of Slit/Robo/srGAPs-mediated dendritic spine formation. Neural Dev 11, 11 (2016). &lt;nowiki&gt;https://doi.org/10.1186/s13064-016-0066-x&lt;/nowiki&gt;''' &lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt; ''Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) are the second most common developmental cause of disability in the United States. The brains of ASD patients have marked structural abnormalities, in the form of increased dendritic spines and decreased long distance connections. These structural differences may be due to deficiencies in Heparin Sulfate (HS), a proteoglycan involved in a variety of neurodevelopmental processes. Through interference with this pathway, HS deficiency can lead to excess spine formation.''

'''Poli, Maura, Michela Asperti, Paola Ruzzenenti, Annamaria Naggi, and Paolo Arosio. 2017. &quot;Non-Anticoagulant Heparins Are Hepcidin Antagonists for the Treatment of Anemia&quot; Molecules 22, no. 4: 598. &lt;nowiki&gt;https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules22040598&lt;/nowiki&gt;'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Poli |first=Maura |last2=Asperti |first2=Michela |last3=Ruzzenenti |first3=Paola |last4=Naggi |first4=Annamaria |last5=Arosio |first5=Paolo |date=2017-04-08 |title=Non-Anticoagulant Heparins Are Hepcidin Antagonists for the Treatment of Anemia |url=https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/22/4/598 |journal=Molecules |language=en |volume=22 |issue=4 |pages=598 |doi=10.3390/molecules22040598 |issn=1420-3049 |pmc=6154463 |pmid=28397746}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''This review summarizes recent findings on the anti-hepcidin activity of heparins and their possible use for the treatment of anemia caused by hepcidin excess, including the anemia of chronic diseases.''

'''Russel A.L. and M.F.McCarty, 2000 Glucosamine for migraine prophylaxis?  Medical Hypotheses. Volume 55, Issue 3, September 2000, Pages 195-198. &lt;nowiki&gt;http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306987799910125&lt;/nowiki&gt;''' ''We postulate that supplemental glucosamine can boost mast cell heparin synthesis – perhaps correcting a functional heparin deficiency – thereby preventing or ameliorating the neurogenic inflammation that mediates pain in vascular headache. Whether or not this idea has validity, a controlled study of glucosamine for migraine prophylaxis appears to be warranted.''

'''Stringer, S.E. and Gallagher. 1997. Molecules in focus. Heparan sulphate. The International Journal of Biochemistry &amp; Cell Biology, Volume 29, Issue 5, 1997.''' ''Heparan sulphates, the N-sulphated polysaccharides components of proteoglycans, are common constituents of cell surfaces and the extracellular matrix. The diverse functions of heparan sulphate, which range from the control of blood coagulation to the regulation of cell growth and adhesion, depend on the capacity of the chains to activate protein ligands, such as antithrombin III and members of the fibroblast growth factor family. These properties are currently being exploited in the development of synthetic heparan sulphates as anticoagulants and promoters of wound healing. Conversely organic mimics of growth factor activating saccharides could possibly be designed to suppress tumour growth and prevent restenosis after coronary vessel angioplasty.''

'''Theoharides TC et al.  1999. Stress-induced rat intestinal mast cell intragranular activation and inhibitory effect of sulfated proteoglycans.  Digestive Diseases and Sciences [1999, 44 (8 Suppl):87S-93S]. Pages 709-714. &lt;nowiki&gt;http://europepmc.org/abstract/med/10490045&lt;/nowiki&gt;''' ''Cyclic vomiting syndrome is characterized by sudden episodes of vomiting and abdominal pain. It occurs primarily in children, is exacerbated by stress, and is often considered a migraine equivalent. Migraines have been linked to mast cells, which are often found close to neurons where they are activated by neuropeptides. We investigated the ultrastructural appearance of rat ileal brush border and mast cells following acute stress by immobilization.These results suggest the possible usefulness of chondroitin sulfate in conditions such as cyclic vomiting syndrome.''

'''Thompson, W.R. 2011. Perlecan modulates the function of the osteocyte lacuno-canalicular system. University of Delaware, ProQuest Dissertations Publishing, 2011. 3443246.''' ''In this study, along with my colleagues, I examined osteocyte lacunocanalicular morphology in mice deficient in the large heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG) PLN in this tissue. . . Ultrastructural measurements using electron micrograph images of PLN deficient mice demonstrate a significant decrease in osteocyte canalicular pericellular area, resulting from a reduction in the total canalicular area, when compared to controls. Additionally, PLN deficient mice show significantly diminished canalicular density and a significant reduction in the number of transverse tethering elements per canaliculus.''

'''van den Born J, van den Heuvel LP, Bakker MA, Veerkamp JH, Assmann KJ, Weening JJ, Berden JH., 1993. ''Distribution of GBM heparan sulfate proteoglycan core protein and side chains in human glomerular diseases.'' Kidney Int. 1993 Feb;43(2):454-63. &lt;nowiki&gt;http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8441243&lt;/nowiki&gt;'''  ''Using monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) recognizing either the core protein or the heparan sulfate (HS) side chain of human GBM heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG), we investigated their glomerular distribution on cryostat sections of human kidney tissues. In conclusion, major alterations were observed in the glomerular distribution of HS and HSPG-core in various human glomerulopathies. The mAbs can be useful to further delineate the significance of HSPG and HS for glomerular diseases.''

'''Vicente, Carolina Meloni, da Silva, Daiana Aparecida, Sartorio, Priscila Veronica, Silva, Tiago Donizetti, Saad, Sarhan Sydney, Nader, Helena Bonciani, Forones, Nora Manoukian, Toma, Leny, Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans in Human Colorectal Cancer, Analytical Cellular Pathology, 2018, 8389595, 10 pages, 2018.''' &lt;nowiki&gt;https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/8389595&lt;/nowiki&gt;'''  &lt;nowiki&gt;https://www.hindawi.com/journals/acp/2018/8389595/&lt;/nowiki&gt;''' ''Heparan sulfate proteoglycans are complex molecules present in the cell membrane and extracellular matrix, which play vital roles in cell adhesion, migration, proliferation, and signaling pathways. Heparan sulfate proteoglycans are candidate molecules to clarify colorectal cancer tumorigenesis, as well as important targets to therapy and diagnosis.''

'''Vlodavestky, I. et al. 2007. Heparanase: Structure, Biological Functions, and Inhibition by Heparin-Derived Mimetics of Heparan Sulfate. Current Pharmaceutical Design, Volume 13, Number 20, July 2007, pp. 2057-2073(17). &lt;nowiki&gt;http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/ben/cpd/2007/00000013/00000020/art00004&lt;/nowiki&gt;''' ''Heparanase is an endoglycosidase which cleaves heparan sulfate (HS) and hence participates in degradation and remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Heparanase is preferentially expressed in human tumors and its over-expression in tumor cells confers an invasive phenotype in experimental animals. These observations and the unexpected identification of a single functional heparanase, suggest that the enzyme is a promising target for anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory drug development.''

'''Weihua T. et al. 2002. Heparanase: A Key Enzyme in Invasion and Metastasis of Gastric Carcinoma.Mod Pathol 2002;15(6):593–59. &lt;nowiki&gt;http://www.nature.com/modpathol/journal/v15/n6/abs/3880571a.html&lt;/nowiki&gt;''' ''Previous reports have shown that the biochemical activity of heparanase is significantly correlated with the invasion and metastasis of malignant cells in vitro.'' ''It was concluded that heparanase might play an important role in the development of invasion and metastasis of the gastric cancer. It was indicated that patients with heparanase-positive gastric carcinoma would have a greater chance of metastasis with a poor prognosis.''

'''Whitelock John M. and Renato V. Iozzo, 2005. H''eparan Sulfate:  A Complex Polymer Charged with Biological Activity''. Chem. Rev., 2005, 105 (7), pp 2745–2764. &lt;nowiki&gt;http://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/cr0102&lt;/nowiki&gt;''' ''  “HS is a complex and highly active biopolymer…” one section is on heparan sulfate therapies,''

'''Yan Yin, Adam Wang, Li Feng, Yu Wang, Hong Zhang, Ivy Zhang, Brent M Bany, Liang Ma, Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycan Sulfation Regulates Uterine Differentiation and Signaling During Embryo Implantation, Endocrinology, Volume 159, Issue 6, June 2018, Pages 2459–2472, &lt;nowiki&gt;https://doi.org/10.1210/en.2018-00105&lt;/nowiki&gt;'''  ''One important modulator of these signaling pathways is the cell surface and extracellular matrix macromolecules, heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs). HSPGs play crucial roles in signal transduction by regulating morphogen transport and ligand binding. In this study, we examine the role of HSPG sulfation in regulating uterine receptivity…''

'''Zhongjun Zhou et al. 2004.  Impaired Angiogenesis, Delayed Wound Healing and Retarded Tumor Growth in Perlecan Heparan Sulfate-Deficient Mice. DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-04-0810 Published July 2004. &lt;nowiki&gt;http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/64/14/4699&lt;/nowiki&gt;.''' ''Perlecan, a modular proteoglycan carrying primary heparan sulfate (HS) side chains, is a major component of blood vessel basement membranes.Perlecan HS-deficient (Hspg2Δ3/Δ3) mice survived embryonic development and were apparently healthy as adults. However, mutant mice exhibited significantly delayed wound healing, retarded FGF-2-induced tumor growth, and defective angiogenesis.''

'''Zhu W, Li J, Liang G. How does cellular heparan sulfate function in viral pathogenicity? Biomed Environ Sci. 2011 Feb;24(1):81-7. doi: 10.3967/0895-3988.2011.01.011. PMID: 2144084'''4. ''Heparan sulfate (HS) is ubiquitously expressed on the surfaces and in the extracellular matrix of virtually all cell types, making it an ideal receptor for viral infection. Understanding how heparan sulfate functions during virus infection in vivo may prove critical for elucidating the molecular mechanism of viral pathogenesis, and may contribute to the development of therapeutics targeting HS''.

== Case studies ==
'''Ahn, YS., Kim, S., Kim, WJ. et al. Characteristics of hip impingement syndrome in patients with multiple hereditary exostoses. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 22, 153 (2021). &lt;nowiki&gt;https://doi.org/10.1186/s12891-021-04021-1&lt;/nowiki&gt;'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Ahn |first=Yeong-Seub |last2=Kim |first2=Sungmin |last3=Kim |first3=Woo-Jong |last4=Lim |first4=Jun-Hyuk |last5=Jung |first5=Sung-Taek |date=2021-02-06 |title=Characteristics of hip impingement syndrome in patients with multiple hereditary exostoses |url=https://doi.org/10.1186/s12891-021-04021-1 |journal=BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders |language=en |volume=22 |issue=1 |pages=153 |doi=10.1186/s12891-021-04021-1 |issn=1471-2474 |pmc=7868013 |pmid=33549073}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Between 2001 and 2019, total 51 patients (102 hips) were evaluated in this study. Patients with MHE were classified to femoro-acetabular impingement (FAI) symptom group, ischio-femoral impingement (IFI) symptom group and non-impingement symptom group by comparing the symptoms, clinical signs and imaging studies.'' 

'''Albokhari, Daniah, Christopher R. Bailey, Francis Hwang, Clifford R. Weiss, Jonathan Forsberg, Nara Sobreira.  2023. Venous malformation may be a feature of EXT1-related hereditary multiple exostoses: A report of two unrelated probands.  American Journal of Medical Genetics.''' '' ''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Albokhari |first=Daniah |last2=Bailey |first2=Christopher R. |last3=Hwang |first3=Francis |last4=Weiss |first4=Clifford R. |last5=Forsberg |first5=Jonathan |last6=Sobreira |first6=Nara |date=2023 |title=Venous malformation may be a feature of EXT1-related hereditary multiple exostoses: A report of two unrelated probands |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/ajmg.a.63158 |journal=American Journal of Medical Genetics Part A |language=en |volume=191 |issue=6 |pages=1570–1575 |doi=10.1002/ajmg.a.63158 |issn=1552-4833}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Report two unrelated probands that presented with a clinical and molecular diagnosis of HME with venous malformation, a clinical feature not previously reported in individuals with HME.''

'''Anel-Quimpo, Joselynna, Mark Anthony Santiago Sandoval, Frances Lina Lantion-Ang, 2011. Hypercalcaemia from genitourinary tuberculosis in a female with multiple exostoses. BMJ Journals. &lt;nowiki&gt;https://casereports.bmj.com/content/2011/bcr.12.2010.3651&lt;/nowiki&gt;.'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Anel-Quimpo |first=Joselynna |last2=Sandoval |first2=Mark Anthony Santiago |last3=Lantion-Ang |first3=Frances Lina |date=2011-05-17 |title=Hypercalcaemia from genitourinary tuberculosis in a female with multiple exostoses |url=https://casereports.bmj.com/content/2011/bcr.12.2010.3651 |journal=BMJ Case Reports |language=en |volume=2011 |pages=bcr1220103651 |doi=10.1136/bcr.12.2010.3651 |issn=1757-790X}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''The authors present a puzzling case of nephrolithiasis, hypercalcaemia, amenorrhoea, short stature and gross skeletal deformities in a 30-year-old female. Multiple pituitary hormone deficiency and metabolic bone disease were initially considered but were eventually excluded. The final diagnosis is genitourinary tuberculosis (TB) which caused the hypercalcaemia, nephrolithiasis and amenorrhoea, and also found to have the syndrome of multiple exostoses which explained the gross skeletal deformities and the short stature. After treatment with anti-TB therapy, there was resolution of hypercalcaemia and return of regular menstruation. The short stature and gross skeletal deformities remain as part of the congenital syndrome.''

'''Bari MS, Jahangir Alam MM, Chowdhury FR, Dhar PB, Begum A. 2012. Hereditary multiple exostoses causing cord compression. J Coll Physicians Surg Pak 22:797–799.'''&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;''' ''' ''Neurological presentations are rare and usually happened due to direct compression of a peripheral nerve or nerve root or less often the spinal cord. This case is possibly the first case of HME described from Bangladesh, presented with dorsal cord compression. Decompression was done and the complaints of myelopathy were improved.''

'''Caino, Silvia, Marisa Angelica Cubilla, Romina Alba, María Gabriela Obregón, Virginia Fano, Abel Gómez, Lorena Zecchini, Pablo Lapunzina, Miriam Aza-Carmona, Karen E. Heath, and et al. 2022. &quot;Clinical and Genetic Analysis of Multiple Osteochondromas in a Cohort of Argentine Patients&quot; Genes 13, no. 11: 2063.''' '''&lt;nowiki&gt;https://doi.org/10.3390/genes13112063&lt;/nowiki&gt;'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Caino |first=Silvia |last2=Cubilla |first2=Marisa Angelica |last3=Alba |first3=Romina |last4=Obregón |first4=María Gabriela |last5=Fano |first5=Virginia |last6=Gómez |first6=Abel |last7=Zecchini |first7=Lorena |last8=Lapunzina |first8=Pablo |last9=Aza-Carmona |first9=Miriam |last10=Heath |first10=Karen E. |last11=Asteggiano |first11=Carla Gabriela |date=2022-11-07 |title=Clinical and Genetic Analysis of Multiple Osteochondromas in a Cohort of Argentine Patients |url=https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4425/13/11/2063 |journal=Genes |language=en |volume=13 |issue=11 |pages=2063 |doi=10.3390/genes13112063 |issn=2073-4425 |pmc=9690389 |pmid=36360300}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Multiple Osteochondromatosis (MO, MIM 133700 &amp; 133701), an autosomal dominant O-glycosylation disorder (EXT1/EXT2-CDG), can be associated with a reduction in skeletal growth, bony deformity, restricted joint motion, shortened stature and pathogenic variants in two tumor suppressor genes, EXT1 and EXT2. In this work, we report a cross-sectional study including 35 index patients and 20 affected family members. Clinical phenotyping of all 55 affected cases was obtained, but genetic studies were performed only in 35 indexes.''

'''Hariri O, Al Laham O, Ibrahim Basha Z, Ghannam E, Ghannam M, Mohammad A. Multiple Hereditary Exostoses instigating a popliteal pseudoaneurysm in a young Middle Eastern male: A case report and literature review. Int J Surg Case Rep. 2024 Apr 12;118:109633. doi: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2024.109633. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 38626641; PMCID: PMC11035074.'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Hariri |first=Omar |last2=Al Laham |first2=Omar |last3=Ibrahim Basha |first3=Zein |last4=Ghannam |first4=Eman |last5=Ghannam |first5=Mohammad |last6=Mohammad |first6=Ammar |date=2024-05 |title=Multiple Hereditary Exostoses instigating a popliteal pseudoaneurysm in a young Middle Eastern male: A case report and literature review |url=https://journals.lww.com/10.1016/j.ijscr.2024.109633 |journal=International Journal of Surgery Case Reports |language=en |volume=118 |issue=C |doi=10.1016/j.ijscr.2024.109633 |issn=2210-2612 |pmc=11035074 |pmid=38626641}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''We present the case of a 37-year-old Middle Eastern male with Multiple Hereditary Exostoses who experienced sudden-onset left lower limb pain persisting for a month prior to admission. It was associated with coldness and paresthesia of the ipsilateral lower limb. The presurgical radiological workup uncovered a popliteal pseudoaneurysm subsequent to Multiple Hereditary Exostoses.''

'''Kambouris, M., Fadda A, Al-Arraj, Y, et al., 2016. Putative Relation Between Autism Spectrum Disease &amp; Hereditary Multiple Exostosis Investigated by Whole Genome Sequencing &amp; Comparative Genome Analyses in a Family with ASD and HME with EXT-1 Mutations''' ''A family with two male children affected with ASD and HME as well as an unaffected female child, was studied to identify the Genetic basis of ASD in the family and the possible relation between ASD &amp; HME. The HME unaffected parent [mother] contributed heterozygous variants in the Heparan Sulfate biosynthesis pathway that in synergy with the EXT-1 mutation could be the genetic causes of ASD in the family.''

'''Kim, Min Jeong, Yunjin Lee, Sang Ook Nam, Young Mi Kim, 2021. An 8q24.11q24.13 Microdeletion Encompassing EXT1 in a Boy with Autistic Spectrum Disorder, Intellectual Disability, and Multiple Hereditary Exostoses. Annals of Child Neurology. Letter to the Editor, 11/9/2021.''' ''Here, we describe the case of a boy with a microdeletion (8q24.11q24.13 [118,625,768-124,169,620]×1), who presented with autism, intellectual disability, and MHE. the parents signed informed consent and approved the anonymous use of clinical and molecular data for the present diagnostic study'''''.'''

'''Küçükesmen, Çiḡdem DDS, PhD, Buḡra Özen, DDS, PhD,b and Mustafa Akçam, DDS, PhDc, 1997. Multiple Hereditary Osteochondromatosis: A Case Report. Eur J Dent. 2007 Jul; 1(3): 183–187.&lt;nowiki&gt;https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih&lt;/nowiki&gt;.''' ''Common carious lesions owing to vomiting are not widespread in children. In this case, we aimed to report an 11-years-old male patient with common carious lesions due to repeated vomitings, chewing and eating difficulty and retarded growth with Multiple Hereditary Osteochondromatosis (MHO).''

'''Li H, Yamagata T, Mori M, Momoi MY. 2002.Association of autism in two patients with hereditary multiple exostoses caused by novel deletion mutations of EXT1. J Hum Genet 2002;47:262-5. &lt;nowiki&gt;https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12032595/&lt;/nowiki&gt;.'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Li |first=Hung |last2=Yamagata |first2=Takanori |last3=Mori |first3=Masato |last4=Momoi |first4=Mariko Y. |date=2002 |title=Association of autism in two patients with hereditary multiple exostoses caused by novel deletion mutations of EXT1 |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12032595 |journal=Journal of Human Genetics |volume=47 |issue=5 |pages=262–265 |doi=10.1007/s100380200036 |issn=1434-5161 |pmid=12032595}}&lt;/ref&gt;''  Two boys from separate families presented with hereditary multiple exostoses (EXT) and autism associated with mental retardation.'' 

'''Malagón, V., 2001.  Development of Hip Dysplasia in Hereditary Multiple Exostosis. Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics, 21(2): 205-211.  &lt;nowiki&gt;https://journals.lww.com/pedorthopaedics/Abstract/2001/03000/Development_of_Hip_Dysplasia_in_Hereditary.14.aspx&lt;/nowiki&gt;''.'''''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Development of Hip Dysplasia in Hereditary... : Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics |url=https://www.ovid.com/jnls/pedorthopaedics/fulltext/01241398-200103000-00014~development-of-hip-dysplasia-in-hereditary-multiple |access-date=2026-07-16 |website=Ovid |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''In approximately 25% of patients with hereditary multiple exostosis, there is an abnormal osteochondral formation localized in the femoral proximal metaphysis. Although this entity is rather frequent and quite severe, it is rarely found in the medical literature. The author describes six private cases, taken from a total of 24,000 patients (0.25/1000) as examples of this entity, and provides a review of the literature.'' 

'''Mazza, D., Fabbri, M., Calderaro, C., Iorio, C., Labianca, L., Poggi, C., Turturro, F., Montanaro, A., &amp; Ferretti, A. (2017). Chest pain caused by multiple exostoses of the ribs: A case report and a review of literature. World journal of orthopedics, 8(5), 436–440. https://doi.org/10.5312/wjo.v8.i5.436&lt;nowiki/&gt;.'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Mazza |first=Daniele |last2=Fabbri |first2=Mattia |last3=Calderaro |first3=Cosma |last4=Iorio |first4=Carlo |last5=Labianca |first5=Luca |last6=Poggi |first6=Camilla |last7=Turturro |first7=Francesco |last8=Montanaro |first8=Antonello |last9=Ferretti |first9=Andrea |date=2017 |title=Chest pain caused by multiple exostoses of the ribs: A case report and a review of literature |url=http://www.wjgnet.com/2218-5836/full/v8/i5/436.htm |journal=World Journal of Orthopedics |language=en |volume=8 |issue=5 |pages=436 |doi=10.5312/wjo.v8.i5.436 |issn=2218-5836 |pmc=5434351 |pmid=28567348}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''An exceptional case of multiple internal exostoses of the ribs in a young patient affected by multiple hereditary exostoses (MHE) coming to our observation for chest pain as the only symptom of an intra-thoracic localization. The computed tomography (CT) scan revealed the presence of three exostoses located on the left third, fourth and sixth ribs, all protruding into the thoracic cavity, directly in contact with visceral pleura. Moreover, the apex of the one located on the sixth rib revealed to be only 12 mm away from pericardium.'' 

'''Montgomery BK, Cahan EM, Frick S. Spinal Screening MRI Trends in Patients with Multiple Hereditary Exostoses: National Survey- PubMed''' '''. Cureus. 2019 Dec 23;11(12):e6452. doi: 10.7759/cureus.6452. PMID: 32010535; PMCID: PMC6975245'''''.''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Montgomery |first=Blake K |last2=Cahan |first2=Eli M |last3=Frick |first3=Steve |date=2019-12-23 |title=Spinal Screening MRI Trends in Patients with Multiple Hereditary Exostoses: National Survey |url=https://www.cureus.com/articles/23789-spinal-screening-mri-trends-in-patients-with-multiple-hereditary-exostoses-national-survey |journal=Cureus |language=en |doi=10.7759/cureus.6452 |issn=2168-8184 |pmc=6975245 |pmid=32010535}}&lt;/ref&gt;  ''Background Multiple hereditary exostoses (MHE) is a rare disease characterized by multiple osteochondromas. Osteochondromas growing into the spinal canal can produce devastating consequences, including permanent neurologic deficits and even death.  This study presents a case of an intracanal osteochondroma at C1 identified by routine screening and a survey describing current practices of MHE experts.''

'''Narvid, J., M. L. Gorno-Tempini, A. Slavotinek, S. J. DeArmond, Y. H. Cha, B. L. Miller &amp; K. Rankin, 2009. Of brain and bone: The unusual case of Dr. A. Neurocase Vol. 15, Iss. 3, 2009.''' '''&lt;nowiki&gt;http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13554790802632967&lt;/nowiki&gt;'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Narvid |first=J. |last2=Gorno-Tempini |first2=M. L. |last3=Slavotinek |first3=A. |last4=DeArmond |first4=S. J. |last5=Cha |first5=Y. H. |last6=Miller |first6=B. L. |last7=Rankin |first7=K. |date=2009-06-01 |title=Of brain and bone: The unusual case of Dr. A |url=https://doi.org/10.1080/13554790802632967 |journal=Neurocase |volume=15 |issue=3 |pages=190–205 |doi=10.1080/13554790802632967 |issn=1355-4794 |pmc=2997763 |pmid=20183548}}&lt;/ref&gt;''. Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is a clinical syndrome characterized by progressive decline in social conduct and a focal pattern of frontal and temporal lobe damage. Its biological basis is still poorly understood but the focality of the brain degeneration provides a powerful model to study the cognitive and anatomical basis of social cognition. Here, we present Dr. A, a patient with a rare hereditary bone disease (hereditary multiple exostoses) and FTD (pathologically characterized as Pick's disease),  This case provides new evidence regarding the neural basis of social cognition and suggests a possible genetic link between bone disease and FTD.''

'''Puiu1, Maria , Iulia Simina-Jurca, Simona Dumitriu, Smaranda Arghirescu,  Adela Chirita-Emandi,  2012. . Multiple Hereditary Exostoses - Clinical Features and Management.''' ''We report two cases of skeletally immature patients who presented with multiple exostoses, bone deformation without bone pain; and growth and pubertal retardation. The cases need adequate counseling, long-term follow-up, and measures to improve the quality of life of patients with multiple hereditary exostoses.''

'''Stitzman Wengrowicz, M.L., J  Pretell-Mazzini,  J.P. Dormans, R.S. Davidson, 2011.. Regression of a Sessile Osteochondroma: A Case Study and Review of the Literature.''' ''&lt;nowiki&gt;https://www.researchgate.net/publication/267426996_Regression_of_a_Sessile_Osteochondroma_A_Case_Study_and_Review_of_the_Literature&lt;/nowiki&gt; . The most common benign bone tumor is osteochondroma.  Its natural history is poorly understood as a consequence of its benign symptomatology in most cases. It typically grows in childhood and growth during adulthood can be a sign of malignant  degeneration. We present  a case of  spontaneous regression of  a solitary osteochondroma.  A review of the  current  literature which  reveals 21  other cases of  spontaneous regression  of solitary  osteochondromas is also discussed. We believe that the possibility of regression of solitary osteochondromas should be taken into account when considering surgical excision.''

'''Viala P, Vanel D, Larbi A, Cyteval C, Laredo JD. Bilateral ischiofemoral impingement in a patient with hereditary multiple exostoses. Skeletal Radiol. 2012;41:1637–40. [PubMed] &lt;nowiki&gt;https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22865159/&lt;/nowiki&gt;.'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Viala |first=Pierre |last2=Vanel |first2=Daniel |last3=Larbi |first3=Ahmed |last4=Cyteval |first4=Catherine |last5=Laredo |first5=Jean-Denis |date=2012-12 |title=Bilateral ischiofemoral impingement in a patient with hereditary multiple exostoses |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22865159 |journal=Skeletal Radiology |volume=41 |issue=12 |pages=1637–1640 |doi=10.1007/s00256-012-1488-0 |issn=1432-2161 |pmid=22865159}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''We report a case of bilateral ischiofemoral impingement in a patient with hereditary multiple exostoses. The association of exostoses and femoral metaphyseal widening resulted in the narrowing of the ischiofemoral spaces.''

'''Wang YZ, Park KW, Oh CS, Ahn YS, Kang QL, Jung ST, Song HR. Developmental pattern of the hip in patients with hereditary multiple exostoses. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2015;16:54'''''.'' '''https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4429362/&lt;nowiki/&gt;.'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Wang |first=Ya-Zhou |last2=Park |first2=Kwang-Won |last3=Oh |first3=Chang-Seon |last4=Ahn |first4=Yeong-Seub |last5=Kang |first5=Qing-Lin |last6=Jung |first6=Sung-Taek |last7=Song |first7=Hae-Ryong |date=2015-03-15 |title=Developmental pattern of the hip in patients with hereditary multiple exostoses |url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4429362/ |journal=BMC musculoskeletal disorders |volume=16 |pages=54 |doi=10.1186/s12891-015-0514-5 |issn=1471-2474 |pmc=4429362 |pmid=25888017}}&lt;/ref&gt; '''C'''''oxa valga is a common clinical feature of hereditary multiple exostoses (HME). The current study aimed to determine the unique developmental pattern of the hip in patients with HME and evaluate the factors that influence its progression.''

'''Wiater JM, Farley FA. Popliteal pseudoaneurysm caused by an adjacent osteochondroma: a case report and review of the literature. Am J Orthop (Belle Mead NJ). 1999 Jul;28(7):412-6. PMID: 10426440.'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Wiater |first=J. M. |last2=Farley |first2=F. A. |date=1999-07 |title=Popliteal pseudoaneurysm caused by an adjacent osteochondroma: a case report and review of the literature |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10426440 |journal=American Journal of Orthopedics |volume=28 |issue=7 |pages=412–416 |issn=1078-4519 |pmid=10426440}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''A male 17-year-old with multiple hereditary exostoses presented with a mass in the distal left thigh several days after lifting weights. An arteriogram showed a popliteal artery pseudoaneurysm adjacent to a femoral osteochondroma. The osteochondroma was excised and the artery was repaired with a saphenous vein interposition graft. A review of the literature identified 23 similar reports. The average age of the patients was 21.3 years. Seventy-eight percent were men and half of the patients had multiple hereditary exostoses. Ten patients were initially misdiagnosed. The clinician should consider the diagnosis of pseudoaneurysm in a young patient with an osteochondroma and a mass about the knee.''

'''Zaijun L, Xinhai Y, Zhipeng W, Wending H, Quan H, Zhenhua Z, Dapeng F, Jisheng Z, Wei Z, Jianru X. 2013. Outcome and prognosis of myelopathy and radiculopathy from osteochondroma in the mobile spine: a report on 14 patients. J Spinal Disord Tech 26:194–199.''' ''Fourteen symptomatic spinal osteochondroma (OC)  cases, including 2 hereditary multiple exostoses, were treated surgically from 2001 to 2010.''

= People and books with HME: =
[[w:Deena_Larsen|Deena Larsen]] wrote about her mother at http://www.deenalarsen.net/firs

Irv Rosenfeld wrote about his experiences with medical marijuana from the U.S. government in My Medicine.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=MY MEDICINE |url=https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/22078567-my-medicine |access-date=2026-07-15 |website=Goodreads |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

= Spanish Translation =


Problemas de deficiencia de proteoglicano de sulfato de heparán (HSPG). La MHE es el resultado de una mutación en los genes EXT1 y EXT2. Los pacientes con MHE tienen una biosíntesis de HSPG defectuosa: sus cuerpos no producen HSPG (cf Cueller et al. 2013 y Jones et al. 2014). Los HSPG son parte de cada superficie celular y regulan los procesos biológicos (cf Zak et al. 2002, Meneghetti et al. 2015). Desempeñan un papel vital en la adhesión, migración, crecimiento y comunicación celular (Vicente et al. 2018). Whitlock e Iozzo (2005) han identificado varias enfermedades relacionadas con la ausencia de HSPG (es decir, si un proceso corporal requiere HSPG y no hay suficiente HSPG para completar esa función, entonces podrían ocurrir estos problemas). Los pacientes con MHE han reportado síntomas como:

* Baja masa ósea (Nozawa et al. 2018 y Matsumoto et al. 2020)
* Deficiencias neurológicas: Trastorno del espectro autista (Li et al, 2002, Fumitoshi et al. 2012, Irie et al, 2012, Yamaguchi 2012, Perez et al. 2015, Kambouris et al. 2016, Kim et al 2022); y problemas cognitivos (Farhan et al. 2015)
* Demencia frontotemporal (Narvid et al. 2009) y TDAH (Mooney et al. 2016), función cerebral (Condomitti y Wit 2018). Vea también el vídeo de ratones MHE en &lt;nowiki&gt;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6-EXRt_YL6A&lt;/nowiki&gt;.
* Enfermedades oculares (Park y Shukla, 2013)
* Defectos dentales (Kucukesmen et al. 2007 y Wiweger et al. 2012)
* Prediabetes (Heibert 2021)Diabetes y dificultad para controlar la glucosa (Matsuzawa 2021)
* Reacciones medicamentosas inusuales (muchos medicamentos actúan sobre el dominio de unión del heparán [Boer y Gaillard 2007]) 
* Fatiga severa y continua (Berg et al. 1999)
* Problemas gástricos graves, incluidas úlceras no causadas por H. pylori (Ascencio et al. 1993 y Chmiela et al. 1995), cáncer gástrico (Weihua et al. 2002) y síndrome de vómitos cíclicos (Kucukesmen et al. 2007 y Theoharides et al. 1999)
* Cálculos renales y otros problemas (véase Van den Born et al. 1993 y Farhan et al. 2015)
* Vértigo e hiperacusia (Lundberg et al., 2014) y migrañas
* Problemas pulmonares (Nackerts et al. 1997 y Haeger et al. 2016)
* Anemia (Poli et al. 2017), coágulos sanguíneos y coagulación (Stringer y Gallagher 1997 y Ho et al. 1997), pseudoaneurismas (Wiater y Farley 1996 y Harari et al. 2024)
* Problemas menstruales y de embarazo extremadamente dolorosos (Alphin et al. 1988, Yin et al. 2018)
* Inflamación (Parroquia 2005); cicatrización lenta de heridas (Zhongjun et al. 2004); cicatrices y queloides (Hosalkar et al. 2007, y problemas del tejido conectivo (Forsberg y Kjellen, 2001 y Otsuka et al. 2020).
* Funciones hepáticas (Arnold et al. 2020 y Dituri et al. 2022)
* Funciones del colesterol y los lípidos (Kolsett y Salmverta 1999) y Síntesis de vitamina D (Cooper 2021)  '''Problemas de crecimiento óseo.''' En la MHE, la falta de HSPG hace que los pacientes desarrollen exostosis, que son tumores benignos en múltiples ubicaciones en todo el cuerpo (Brown 2008, Thompson 2011 y Mansouri et al. 2017). La gravedad (número y tamaño de los tumores y otras complicaciones) de la MHE varía de un paciente a otro. Las exostosis en sí mismas pueden causar numerosos problemas, incluidos: irritación de tendones y músculos que produce dolor y pérdida de movimiento, deformidad esquelética, baja estatura, discrepancia en la longitud de las extremidades, subluxaciones y deformidad angular. Los problemas directamente asociados con estas exostosis incluyen:

* Dolor crónico y problemas con la calidad de vida (Goud et al. 2012)
* Inflamación, respuestas inmunitarias (Callaghan et al. 2018 y Collins y Troeberg 2019)
* Formación de bursa y bursitis resultante, así como artritis de aparición temprana.
* Problemas respiratorios y pulmonares al estar sobre costillas que sobresalen hacia la cavidad torácica (Mazza et al. 2017)
* Irritación de un nervio cercano (dolor, debilidad, entumecimiento, hormigueo)
* Aneurisma de vasos sanguíneos por exostosis que presionan los vasos sanguíneos u otros problemas vasculares (Albokhari et al. 2023)
* Problemas de compresión de la médula espinal: incontinencia, daño nerv'''Résumé de la MEM pour les médecins et les écoles'''

== References ==</text>
      <sha1>hs9hl3xo5sz0ih7163p66cfqmraiot4</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4680515</id>
      <parentid>4680507</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T17:18:29Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>LoveElectronicLiterature</username>
        <id>3414389</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Patient's voices */ added https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qVV4Lhmg4ao&amp;list=PLUs4fzSTQEnXyCt3dWeqNxI0kbYSIHBhR</comment>
      <origin>4680515</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="118951" sha1="313ue3ck5nu7a9dof2d6099tpbl0axm" xml:space="preserve">{{new book}}
[[W: Hereditary Multiple Exostoses|Hereditary Multiple Exostoses]] (HME) is a rare disease. It is also referred to as Multiple Hereditary Exostoses (MHE), Hereditary Multiple Osteochondromas (HMO), and Multiple Osteochondromas (MO). 

== Bone Issues ==
The first sign of HME is usually multiple bone tumors. See the online Multiple Osteochondromas Mutation Database  for an overview of the reported variants.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Jennes |first=Ivy |last2=Pedrini |first2=Elena |last3=Zuntini |first3=Monia |last4=Mordenti |first4=Marina |last5=Balkassmi |first5=Sahila |last6=Asteggiano |first6=Carla G. |last7=Casey |first7=Brett |last8=Bakker |first8=Bert |last9=Sangiorgi |first9=Luca |last10=Wuyts |first10=Wim |date=2009 |title=Multiple osteochondromas: mutation update and description of the multiple osteochondromas mutation database (MOdb) |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/humu.21123 |journal=Human Mutation |language=en |volume=30 |issue=12 |pages=1620–1627 |doi=10.1002/humu.21123 |issn=1098-1004}}&lt;/ref&gt;  In MHE, the lack of HSPG causes patients to develop exostoses, which are benign tumors in multiple locations throughout the body (Brown 2008, Thompson 2011, and Mansouri et al. 2017). The severity (number and size of tumors and other complications) for MHE varies from patient to patient. Exostoses themselves can cause numerous problems including: irritation of tendons and muscles resulting in pain and loss of motion, skeletal deformity, short stature, limb length discrepancy, subluxations, and angular deformity, with a chance for chondrosarcoma (Fei et al. 2018). Problems directly associated with these exostoses include:

* Chronic pain and issues with quality of life (Goud et al. 2012,&lt;ref name=&quot;:9&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Pain, Physical and Social Functioning, and... : Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery |url=https://www.ovid.com/jnls/jbjsjournal/fulltext/10.2106/jbjs.k.00406~pain-physical-and-social-functioning-and-quality-of-life-in |access-date=2026-07-16 |website=Ovid |language=en |doi=10.2106/JBJS.K.00406}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bathen et al. 2019, Tremorsini 2025)
* Inflammation, immune responses (Callaghan et al. 2018, Collins and Troeberg 2019)  
* Bursa formation (Rueda et al. 2025) and resulting bursitis as well as early onset arthritis 
* Breathing and lung issues when on ribs protruding into the thoracic cavity (Mazza et al. 2017)
*  Irritation of a nearby nerve (pain, weakness, numbness, tingling) 
*  Blood vessel aneurysm from exostoses pressing on blood vessels or other vascular problems (Albokhari et al. 2023)
* Spinal cord compression issues: incontinence, nerve damage and nerve problems associated with spinal tumors (Bari et al. 2012, Burki et al. 2011, Zaijun et al. 2013, Montgomery et al. 2019, and Monroig-Rivera et al. 2025)

== List of associated issues ==
'''Heparan Sulfate ProteoGlycan (HSPG) Deficiency Issues.''' MHE results from a mutation in the EXT1 and EXT2 genes.  MHE patients have defective HSPG biosynthesis--their bodies do not produce HSPG ('''cf''' Cueller et al. 2013, Jones et al,. 2014, and Pacifici et al. 2019&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Pacifici |first=Maurizio |date=2018-10 |title=The pathogenic roles of heparan sulfate deficiency in hereditary multiple exostoses |url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6015767/ |journal=Matrix Biology: Journal of the International Society for Matrix Biology |volume=71-72 |pages=28–39 |doi=10.1016/j.matbio.2017.12.011 |issn=1569-1802 |pmc=6015767 |pmid=29277722}}&lt;/ref&gt;).  HSPGs are part of every cell surface and regulate biological processes ( '''cf''' Zak et al. 2002, Meneghetti et al. 2015). HSPGs  play a vital role in cell adhesion, migration, growth, and communication (Bishop et al. 20017, Kempf et al 2017, Vicente et al. 2018). Whitlock and Iozzo (2005) have identified '''various diseases related to HSPG's absence''' (i.e., i'''f a body process requires HSPG and there is not enough HSPG to complete that function, then these issues could occur).  MHErs reported symptoms such as:'''

* Severe and continuing fatigue (Berg et al. 1999, Bathen 2019) 
* Neurological deficiencies: Autism Spectrum Disorder (Fumitoshi et al. 2012,  Irie et al, 2012, Yamaguchi 2012, Perez et al. 2015, Kambouris et al. 2016, Kim et al 2022); cognitive issues (Farhan et al. 2015); tremors (Aldunate et al. 2004). 
* Sleep disorders (Clark 2022, Chen 2023)
* Vertigo and hyperacusis (Lundberg et al., 2014) 
* Low bone mass (Nozawa et al. 2018 and Matsumoto et al. 2020) 
* Severe gastric issues  (Huang et al. 2018, Rueda et al. 2025) , including non ''H. Pylori'' ulcers (Ascencio et al. 1993 and Chmiela et al. 1995), gastric cancer (Weihua et al. 2002) and Cyclic Vomiting Syndrome (Kucukesmen et al. 2007)
* Fronto-temporal dementia (Narvid et al. 2009) and ADHD (Mooney et al. 2016), brain function (Condomitti and Wit 2018). Also see video of MHE mice at &lt;nowiki&gt;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6-EXRt_YL6A&lt;/nowiki&gt;.
* Eyesight/ocular diseases (Park and Shukla, 2013)
* Dental defects (Kucukesmen et al. 2007 and Wiweger et al. 2012)
* Prediabetes  (Heibert 2021)Diabetes and glucose difficulty (Matsuzawa 2021)
* Unusual drug reactions (many drugs act on heparan-binding domain [Boer and Gaillard 2007])
* Kidney stones and other problems (See Van den Born et al. 1993 and Farhan et al. 2015)
* Lung issues (Nackerts et al. 1997 and Haeger et al. 2016)
* Anemia (Poli et al. 2017), blood clots and coagulation (Stringer and Gallagher 1997 and Ho et al. 1997), psuedoaneurysms (Wiater and Farley 1996 and Harari et al. 2024)
* Extremely painful menstruation and pregnancy issues (Alphin et al. 1988, Yin et al. 2018)
* Inflammation (Parish 2005); slow wound healing (Zhongjun et al. 2004); scarring and keloids  (Hosalkar et al. 2007)
* Connective tissue issues (Forsberg and Kjellen, 2001 and Otsuka et al. 2020).
* Liver functions (Arnold et al. 2020 and Dituri et al. 2022)
* Cholesterol and lipid functions (Kolsett and Salmverta 1999)
* Deficient Vitamin D synthesis (Cooper 2021)

== Children's Corner ==

=== Teach your child to live with MHE ===
You just got a diagnosis for your child and you are terrified for their life.  Yeah, MHE sucks. And it is a life-long, untreatable disease. Sure you can have surgery, sure, physical therapy helps. But the underlying condition will be there every day for the rest of your life. So. How can you prepare your child to live successfully with MHE?

* '''Believe their pain.''' MHE can have some strange symptoms. Even the bones can subluxate (go in and out) within seconds, so the kid who could not walk two minutes ago is running now. Believe your child. Do not let the doctors gaslight you or your child into pretending that nothing is wrong.
* '''Let your child master their pain.''' Give your child as much control and autonomy as possible. Provide a &quot;pain corner&quot; with comfy pillows, their favorite toys, quiet activities, warmies or coolies. Let your child go to that pain area whenever they feel the need--when they are tired or in pain. This lets them regulate their own pain and functions. 
* '''Teach your child to brainstorm and plan around problems.''' Pain and limited mobility may limit certain options, but life still goes on. So when your child can not do something, brainstorm with them. Use your imaginations. You can not climb these steps. Ok, how can you get into the room? Can you slide on your butt? Should we get a giraffe from next door to help out? (Throw in silly suggestions because that expands their imagination and puts a bit of humor into the situation.) 

=== Advocate for your child with HME in schools ===
It is vital to advocate for your child so that they can work well in schools. Here are some suggested ways to ask for accommodations for this complex disease. Note that not every child will need all of these accommodations. 

My child has MHE, which involves bony bumps on their bones that can vary in size, location, and number as well as some neurological and other physical symptoms.Accommodations are needed for my child’s symptoms, which include:

*  '''Limited mobility.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Amajjar |first=Ihsane |last2=Vergauwen |first2=Kuni |last3=Willigenburg |first3=Nienke W. |last4=Huijnen |first4=Ivan P. J. |last5=Smeets |first5=Rob J. E. M. |last6=Ham |first6=S. John |date=2025-05-30 |title=Physical activity level and health-related quality of life in adults with multiple osteochondromas: a Dutch cross-sectional study |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-025-02812-3 |journal=Scientific Reports |language=en |volume=15 |issue=1 |pages=18990 |doi=10.1038/s41598-025-02812-3 |issn=2045-2322}}&lt;/ref&gt;''' Allow my child to participate in sports and in activities to the best of their abilities. When starting something new, allow my child to go last and ask my child privately if they can perform that action. If not, quietly allow them to pursue a different prearranged activity. Note that mobility changes daily and sometimes hourly, depending on the bone growth stages, whether muscle has moved over a bone growth,  or other complications.
*  '''Neurological symptoms'''. My child has Asperger-like and ADHD symptoms,&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Irie |first=Fumitoshi |last2=Badie-Mahdavi |first2=Hedieh |last3=Yamaguchi |first3=Yu |date=2012-03-27 |title=Autism-like socio-communicative deficits and stereotypies in mice lacking heparan sulfate |url=https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.1117881109 |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |volume=109 |issue=13 |pages=5052–5056 |doi=10.1073/pnas.1117881109}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Irie |first=Fumitoshi |last2=Badie-Mahdavi |first2=Hedieh |last3=Yamaguchi |first3=Yu |date=2012-03-27 |title=Autism-like socio-communicative deficits and stereotypies in mice lacking heparan sulfate |url=https://pnas.org/doi/full/10.1073/pnas.1117881109 |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |language=en |volume=109 |issue=13 |pages=5052–5056 |doi=10.1073/pnas.1117881109 |issn=0027-8424 |pmc=3323986 |pmid=22411800}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Pérez |first=Christine |last2=Sawmiller |first2=Darrell |last3=Tan |first3=Jun |date=2016-04-18 |title=The role of heparan sulfate deficiency in autistic phenotype: potential involvement of Slit/Robo/srGAPs-mediated dendritic spine formation |url=https://doi.org/10.1186/s13064-016-0066-x |journal=Neural Development |language=en |volume=11 |issue=1 |pages=11 |doi=10.1186/s13064-016-0066-x |issn=1749-8104 |pmc=4836088 |pmid=27089953}}&lt;/ref&gt; so please engage all measures for children on the spectrum as well as ADHD. Bone tumors on the spine can also create neurological issues.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Hereditary-multiple-exostoses-causing-cord-Bari-Alam/4687ea7d1225f1ecf4ecf4742a794f84576dce6d/figure/0 |access-date=2026-07-15 |website=www.semanticscholar.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; Please understand that bright lights or sound may cause pain or other issues. Please report any behavioral issues so that we can determine if MHE may be underlying these problems and we can address the issues with reasonable accommodations and an Individual Education Plan.
*  '''Frequent pain and fatigue&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Mitchell |first=Christina M. |last2=Beals |first2=Janette |last3=Whitesell |first3=Nancy Rumbaugh |last4=Voices of Indian Teens team |last5=Pathways of Choice team |date=2008-09 |title=Alcohol use among American Indian high school youths from adolescence and young adulthood: a latent Markov model |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18781241 |journal=Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs |volume=69 |issue=5 |pages=666–675 |issn=1937-1888 |pmc=2575396 |pmid=18781241}}&lt;/ref&gt;'''. If my child is in pain or is tired, allow them to rest in preplanned area with preplanned quiet activities (reading, watching an educational video, etc.). This area should be equipped with a heating pad and medication should be dispensed as agreed upon by me and the school.  
* '''Writing difficulties'''.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; My child may have extra bones on their wrists or hands, making writing painful. Please allow my child to use a computer.  Typing may be slow and please allow other software such as Dragon Naturally Speaking or Otter AI.
*  '''Coordination difficulties'''. My child may have neurological difficulties and problems coordinating eyesight. Please allow more time for tests if needed. Administer tests that require filling in bubbles in an alternative method.
* '''Incontinence/Vomiting'''. Please allow my child free access to the restroom without requiring a pass for sudden issues. Keep a spare set of clothing at the school in case of accidents.
* '''Hall passes.'''  Give my child access to the nurse and bathroom as they determine that they need to go. My child may have bathroom urgencies or need to get pain medication quickly. My child may also have a limb that has &quot;gone out&quot; or stopped working for a few seconds to a few days and will need to attend to that medical urgency. 

=== Advocation Laws and Directives ===
In U.S. cite Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act.


= How to Respond to Doctors =
There are suggested treatment protocols for MHE (see Rueda et al., 2025). However, MHE is a rare disease, and you will probably be the first patient that a medical practitioner has ever seen with this disease.  Try to be patient with the doctors and get doctors who work with you as a partner--you having lived with MHE do know a lot about your body! Ill-informed or too-busy doctors often rely on research that is outdated or inaccurate. Here are some common misconceptions that a doctor might tell you and how to respond. Before you go to the doctor, write out your questions. Take someone with you to take notes. Advocate for yourself! 

1.'''I have never seen an MHE patient. Surely this is just a bone condition!''' The condition involves much more than bone growths. MHErs do not biosynthesize heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPG), in much the same way that diabetics do not biosynthesize insulin (see Cueller et al. 2013 and Jones et al. 2014). Those HSPGs play a vital role in pretty much every single cell and every system in a human body (Bishop et al. 2017). Therefore, since I do not have sufficient levels of HSPG, I can have many different problems. Let's rule out anything comorbid (in other words, any other disease I might have at the same time). IF we can not find something to explain the cause of my symptoms of {REPEAT YOUR SYMPTOMS HERE} then we can blame the MHE and treat the symptoms.

'''2. You do not feel pain. It is just stress.'''  Bone does not have nerves, therefore there is no pain.  Even if that were true (which it is not--see Nencini and Ivanusic 2016&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Nencini |first=Sara |last2=Ivanusic |first2=Jason J. |date=2016-04-26 |title=The Physiology of Bone Pain. How Much Do We Really Know? |url=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/physiology/articles/10.3389/fphys.2016.00157/full |journal=Frontiers in Physiology |language=English |volume=7 |doi=10.3389/fphys.2016.00157 |issn=1664-042X |pmc=4844598 |pmid=27199772}}&lt;/ref&gt; for example ), then you wouldn't mind putting a stone in your shoe, right? Because the stone would not feel any pain. Oh, you wouldn't like that because it might hurt? Really? Ok. So I have an extra bone (LIKE A STONE) where there should only be muscle, nerve, and ligaments (LIKE A FOOT). For MHE-specific pain studies, see Darilek et al. 2005.

3. '''Your MHE did not cause x symptom.'''  I had one MHE patient (or read a case study) and they did not have x symptom, so therefore you do not have x symptom (or x symptom is unrelated). MHE is a rare and complex disease. Sometimes medical professionals will resort to explanations of hypochondria or Munchausens to explain away something that they do not understand. MHE is different for each patient, as there are different genetic mutations (EXT1, EXT2, EXT3 genes all play a role, as well as your other genetic profiles). There is not enough research to determine whether your symptoms are or are not caused by MHE. It is best to work with a doctor who will look for causes and accept that your MHE is not the same as anyone else's--including your own family members. Also, look at the list below for similar case studies on HME.  

'''4. No one else has had that reaction to that drug. You are lying or mistaken.''' No. HSPG plays a role in nearly every body function and is assumed to be present. My body does not produce HSPG. Therefore my drug interactions may well differ!&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Boer |first=A. G. de |last2=Gaillard |first2=P. J. |date=2007-02-10 |title=Drug Targeting to the Brain |url=https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev.pharmtox.47.120505.105237 |journal=Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology |language=en |volume=47 |issue=Volume 47, 2007 |pages=323–355 |doi=10.1146/annurev.pharmtox.47.120505.105237 |issn=0362-1642}}&lt;/ref&gt;  

5. '''The bones do not grow past puberty. If they have, then it is cancer.''' While studies have assumed this, it is not true. This has not been well researched, because it is difficult to have full xrays and to monitor over a lifetime, which would be required for absolute proof. But while there is a slight chance of chondrosarcoma, other MHE patients have reported bone growth past puberty. See the pictures of the 92- year old woman's skeleton with MHE. Bones grew back over her surgeries at age 70 and 80. If bones do not grow back, how do you explain the growths on her implants?

=== Questions to ask doctors if you are not being taken seriously ===
'''Scripts to Use When You Feel Dismissed'''

'''• This is affecting my daily life. I can not function well with this problem.''' Show pictures. Keep a diary of your pain and what you are not able to do. For example: When the tumor on my rib prevents me from raising my arm, I can not dress myself or brush my hair. When the fatigue is so bad, I can not go to class. When the pain is over a 5 (slamming your hand in a car door) continually, then I can not think well.

'''• Yes, the test results you got were normal, but I have problems.''' However, there are no tests for Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans, which may play a role. Therefore, we need to look deeper. I still have these issues. Explain again that you have MHE and do not biosynthesize HSPG, which plays a role in every cell. Look for common problems--because of course you can still have those! But do not let the doctor gaslight you into thinking it is all in your head. If nothing else, look in Google Scholar with HSPG and your symptom. 

'''• I’m still concerned. Can we talk about next steps?'''  What can we do, and how long should we wait to see if that step works? Ask again about your specific symptom. There may be a medication to try, or physical therapy. Note what you have tried--keep a record!

'''Scripts for When Symptoms Are Minimized'''

'''• This may seem mild to you, but this is really affecting my life.''' Again, be specific. Use the analogy of a rock in your shoe or anything else that makes sense to you.

'''• I'm a zebra. I have a rare complex disease. What can we do?''' Again remind them that MHE is a complex systemic disease and the extra bones are only one symptom of a wider range of problems stemming from not biosynthesizing  HSPG. 

• '''While this may seem mild, I think it is part of an overall pattern. This symptom is persistent and worsening, which is why I’m concerned.''' (Keep a diary. Keep images over time). 

'''Scripts for Redirecting the Conversation'''

'''• I know my body is complex. But here is my main issue now--let's focus on that'''. Before your appointment, write out and send a list of your main symptoms. This is a complex disease and you will not get to everything.

• '''Can we  go back to what I mentioned earlier?''' I know that everything is connected, but I am most concerned about ... so I can live my life. Keep that list. Have someone else in the room taking notes on that list of symptoms. 

'''• Please send me a copy of my medical chart.''' I want to be sure my concern is documented in my chart. Always ask for a copy of your medical records, including doctors' notes.

'''Scripts for Asking for Clarification'''

• “Can you explain why you don’t think further evaluation is needed?” (MHE is a life long condition.)

• “What would be a red flag that should prompt me to follow up?” (Ask about red flags for chondrosarcoma)

• “If this doesn’t improve, what’s the next step?” (Get referrals.)

= See also (MHE sites and resources) =

=== Institutions and Foundations ===
MHE Learning System&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Home - MHE Learning System |url=https://mhels.org/ |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=mhels.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; a site for MHE patients to learn about the disease and to cope. 

MHE Research Foundation&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Home |url=https://www.mherf.org/ |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=website |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; a site to share MHE research.

=== Patient's voices ===
YouTube -   
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1YdUFvXH1Kw Voices of MHE: Christine - YouTube]
* Deena Larsen therapy https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qVV4Lhmg4ao&amp;list=PLUs4fzSTQEnXyCt3dWeqNxI0kbYSIHBhR

Deena Larsen: Embodying My Mother's Bones&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Bodies of Knowledge |url=http://www.deenalarsen.net/firs/ |access-date=2026-11-06 |website=www.deenalarsen.net}}&lt;/ref&gt;

When It All Fades Away: A Memoir of Healing and Hope by Anne Feit (Author)

= Research and medical studies =
Italics after a citation is a sentence directly from that work that summarizes the main points for HME patients and their doctors. Please go to the actual study cited. 

== HME Specific studies ==

=== Summary studies ===
'''Rueda-de-Eusebio, A., Gomez-Pena, S., Moreno-Casado, M.J. et al. Hereditary multiple exostoses: an educational review. Insights Imaging 16, 46 (2025). &lt;nowiki&gt;https://doi.org/10.1186/s13244-025-01899-6&lt;/nowiki&gt;''' ''  This review summarises current knowledge on the clinical presentation, pathogenesis, imaging characteristics, complications, and treatment of HME.''

=== Autism and neurological issues ===
'''Yamaguchi, Yu. Research on rare bone disorder reveals new insights into autism. &lt;nowiki&gt;https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/857331&lt;/nowiki&gt; March 2012,''' ''Sanford-Burnham researchers discover the molecular basis of autistic symptoms in children with a rare bone disorder -- findings that also provide new insights for the general autistic population.Researchers at Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute (Sanford-Burnham) used a mouse model of MHE to investigate cognitive function. They found that mice with a genetic defect that models human MHE show symptoms that meet the three defining characteristics of autism: social impairment, language deficits, and repetitive behavior.''

See associated video presentations:

[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9SmRRG03zxo Yu Yamaguchi, M.D., Ph.D. - Consequences of Genetic Deficiency]

'Heparan Sulfate, Hereditary Multiple Exostoses, and Autism: Insight from a Rare Disease for a Common Disease&quot; at the Third Annual Rare Disease Day Symposium at Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute. The symposium took place at Sanford-Burnham's La Jolla campus on February 24, 2012 and the focus was Glycosylation-Based Disorders: Discovery, Patients, and Progress Toward Treatments.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |last=Sanford Burnham Prebys |title=Yu Yamaguchi, M.D., Ph.D. |date=2012-03-05 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6-EXRt_YL6A |access-date=2026-09-10}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Heparan Sulfate and Human Diseases, March 5, 2012.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Yu Yamaguchi, M.D., Ph.D. |url=https://www.google.com/search?hl=en-US&amp;hl=en&amp;client=mobilesearchapp&amp;sca_esv=16067ccfc9d0a6cf&amp;channel=iss&amp;rlz=1MDAPLA_enUS667US667&amp;v=437.4.973319807&amp;q=yu+yamaguchi+video&amp;docid=8EyS2A5A5MmJHM&amp;ibp=video&amp;shem=epsd1,ivsple,rimspwouoe&amp;shndl=41&amp;shmd=H4sIAAAAAAAA_42Rz24TMRDGVeDUN4DTqAcqoc0mjUC0kSqUNG0DYkubRKjtbeqdjU3W9uIZN9kbD8UD8Cw8Aw-AFwTiABInW_Pnm983s_vt0e7jmwg3aHEVlTYZFPk0z-BSp-fJWos0POr3yanQNkJlT-7cIF-xoBiVK2_7JnUSv_p4nDKj8UV5dK6u3hWzKb-_qm6ro_nJ4banr882L9qLw_CB2nYwtJNC3Rer2Uu3vOXx9eYpHx8Mnn19-E-QDHwFC3SVD2VvEoPTaKGg0iisYU5MGJSG147FSBSCJqSYEwZtGATrdQZ7-zNqMKCDRawrFMpgRiFJCIYWiliLaWqC061n8UycAboSxlEM21EnbVZaoAreAsIcA8HUpLlMkKBS6MRb692v4B6ggGiCpTYhyTgXO9I_26bYwqK1jWcTbVf-__7yJEvAv5vF-zU0NSr6i84-w1uEN76uERTaJjIkzjO6C7FzPnyewXBwMPxhtyOuvEolG2Q4r1vlua3Tqb3rTRJ02dEnbQo86r7K31No05FSSbfvn0u7DH6VDsCw9BtM7peBUGyXz7dfHnza-bzzHdtbemZ3AgAA&amp;shmds=v1_ARwrE22JjgnjP0eJT9xgIFMVGTFJDAswWntiJI2oXY3-HEfR1A&amp;source=sh/x/vid/m1/5&amp;kgs=82929becb69767fb&amp;utm_source=epsd1,ivsple,rimspwouoe,sh/x/vid/m1/5#fpstate=ive&amp;vld=cid:911b02e3,vid:6-EXRt_YL6A,st:0 |access-date=2026-09-10 |website=www.google.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Pain, disability, and fatigue ===
'''Amajjar I, Vergauwen K, Willigenburg NW, Huijnen IPJ, Smeets RJEM, Ham SJ, 2025, Scientific report. Physical activity level and health-related quality of life in adults with multiple osteochondromas: a Dutch cross-sectional study. 2045-2322, 2025 May 30, Vol. 15, Issue 1'''&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; ''Multiple Osteochondromas (MO) can significantly impact physical functioning,..These results underscore the need for targeted interventions focusing on pain management, psychological factors, and lifestyle changes to improve both PAL and HRQOL in MO patients.''

'''Bathen T, Fredwall S, Steen U, 2019. Fatigue and pain in children and adults with multiple osteochondromas in Norway, a cross-sectional study. International journal of orthopaedic and trauma nursing [Int J Orthop Trauma Nurs] 2019 Aug; Vol. 34, pp. 28-35. Date of Electronic Publication: 2019 Feb 10.  ISSN: 18781241''' &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; ''Background: Multiple Osteochondromas (MO) is a rare skeletal disorder frequently needing orthopaedic surgery. High prevalence of pain has been reported, however fatigue has not previously been investigated.'' ''Results: Children with MO reported significantly higher fatigue than healthy children. Adults reported significantly higher fatigue than the general Norwegian population. Six of 11 children and 20 of 21 adults reported pain. Severe fatigue was more prevalent in persons with high age, high pain intensity and many pain locations; however none of these differences were significant.''

'''Darilek, Sandra MS*; Wicklund, Catherine MS†; Novy, Diane PhD‡; Scott, Allison MD§; Gambello, Michael MD, PhD*; Johnston, Dennis PhD¶; Hecht, Jacqueline PhD*. Hereditary Multiple Exostosis and Pain. Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics 25(3):p 369-376, May 2005. | DOI: 10.1097/01.bpo.0000150813.18673.''' ''This study was undertaken to characterize pain in individuals with hereditary multiple exostosis (HME).  Eighty-four percent of participants reported having pain, indicating that pain is a real problem in HME.''

'''Goud, A. L., de Lange, J., Scholtes, V. A. B., Bulstra, S. K., &amp; Ham, S. J. (2012). Pain, Physical and Social Functioning, and Quality of Life in Individuals with Multiple Hereditary Exostoses in the Netherlands. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery-American Volume, 94A(11), 1013-1020. &lt;nowiki&gt;https://doi.org/10.2106/JBJS.K.00406&lt;/nowiki&gt;.'''&lt;ref name=&quot;:9&quot; /&gt; ''Our study confirms that multiple hereditary exostoses is a chronic disease causing a profound impact on quality of life. The results suggest that pain is not the only problem associated with multiple hereditary exostoses, as it has an extensive influence on daily activities, as well as on social and psychological well-being, causing significant disability.''

'''Tremosini, M., Morri, M., Forni, C., Pedrini, E., Mordenti, M., Gnoli, M., Di Cecco, A., Moroni, A., &amp; Sangiorgi, L. (2025). Pain in patients with multiple inherited osteochondromas: Incidence and potential prognostic factors. Journal of Bone Oncology, 52, 100672.''' ''Purpose: the purpose of this study was to describe the baseline characteristics, presenting phenotype and treatment interventions for patients diagnosed with multiple osteochondromas who presented with severe pain'' ''symptoms. .Conclusion: from the early stages of multiple osteochondromas diagnosis, pain symptoms must be carefully assessed. An increase in age is associated with a worsening of pain; IOR classification of the multiple osteo-chondromas phenotype does not currently allow an association between the various classes and pain. A re-evaluation of the classification in this light could be an important new element for clinical practice.''

=== Bone growth complications ===
'''Burki, Vincent, Alexander So, Bérengère Aubry-Rozier, 2011. Cervical myelopathy in hereditary multiple exostoses, Joint Bone Spine, Volume 78, Issue 4, &lt;nowiki&gt;https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbspin.2011.02.021&lt;/nowiki&gt;'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Burki |first=Vincent |last2=So |first2=Alexander |last3=Aubry-Rozier |first3=Bérengère |date=2011-07 |title=Cervical myelopathy in hereditary multiple exostoses |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1297319X11000558 |journal=Joint Bone Spine |language=en |volume=78 |issue=4 |pages=412–414 |doi=10.1016/j.jbspin.2011.02.021}}&lt;/ref&gt;'''.''' ''Spinal cord compression due to cervical exostoses is a rare but recognized complication of hereditary multiple exostosis (HME), an autosomal dominant disorder. This disease, also called multiple osteochondromatosis, is characterised by osteocartilaginous exostoses, typically involving the juxtaepiphyseal regions of long bones. Complications such as transformation to sarcoma (1 to 5%) or neurological compression (of the spinal cord, 1 to 9%) can arise during the course of the disease.''

'''Bukowska-Olech Ewelina, Trzebiatowska Wiktoria, Czech Wiktor, Drzymała Olga, Frąk Piotr, Klarowski Franciszek, Kłusek Piotr, Szwajkowska Anna, Jamsheer Aleksander, Hereditary Multiple Exostoses—A Review of the Molecular Background, Diagnostics, and Potential Therapeutic Strategies. &lt;nowiki&gt;https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fgene.2021.759129&lt;/nowiki&gt; '''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Bukowska-Olech |first=Ewelina |last2=Trzebiatowska |first2=Wiktoria |last3=Czech |first3=Wiktor |last4=Drzymała |first4=Olga |last5=Frąk |first5=Piotr |last6=Klarowski |first6=Franciszek |last7=Kłusek |first7=Piotr |last8=Szwajkowska |first8=Anna |last9=Jamsheer |first9=Aleksander |date=2021-12-10 |title=Hereditary Multiple Exostoses—A Review of the Molecular Background, Diagnostics, and Potential Therapeutic Strategies |url=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/genetics/articles/10.3389/fgene.2021.759129/full |journal=Frontiers in Genetics |language=English |volume=12 |doi=10.3389/fgene.2021.759129 |issn=1664-8021 |pmc=8704583 |pmid=34956317}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''' '''''Hereditary multiple exostoses (HMEs) syndrome, also known as multiple osteochondromas, represents a rare and severe human skeletal disorder. The disease may severely affect the quality of patients’ life due to motion impairments, skeletal deformations, chronic pain, or growth retardation and possibility of malignant transformation of exostoses.''

'''Matsumoto, K., Ogawa, H., Nozawa, S. et al. An analysis of osteoporosis in patients with hereditary multiple exostoses. Osteoporos Int 31, 2355–2361 (2020). &lt;nowiki&gt;https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-020-05533-7&lt;/nowiki&gt;'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Matsumoto |first=K. |last2=Ogawa |first2=H. |last3=Nozawa |first3=S. |last4=Akiyama |first4=H. |date=2020-12-01 |title=An analysis of osteoporosis in patients with hereditary multiple exostoses |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-020-05533-7 |journal=Osteoporosis International |language=en |volume=31 |issue=12 |pages=2355–2361 |doi=10.1007/s00198-020-05533-7 |issn=1433-2965}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''We analyzed osteoporosis in 20 HME patients. Our results indicate HME patients have low bone mass. They do not have abnormal bone metabolism.''

'''Phan, A. Q., Pacifici, M., &amp; Esko, J. D. (2017). Advances in the pathogenesis and possible treatments for multiple hereditary exostoses from the 2016 international MHE conference. Connective Tissue Research, 59(1), 85–98. &lt;nowiki&gt;https://doi.org/10.1080/03008207.2017.1394295&lt;/nowiki&gt;.'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/action/cookieAbsent |access-date=2026-07-16 |website=www.tandfonline.com |doi=10.1080/03008207.2017.1394295 |pmc=7604901 |pmid=29099240}}&lt;/ref&gt;''  MHE, also known as hereditary multiple exostoses (HME) or multiple osteochondromas (MO), is characterized by cartilage-capped outgrowths called osteochondromas that develop adjacent to the growth plates of skeletal elements in young patients. These benign tumors can affect growth plate function, leading to skeletal growth retardation, or deformations, and can encroach on nerves, tendons, muscles, and other surrounding tissues and cause motion impairment, chronic pain, and early onset osteoarthritis. In about 2–5% of patients, the osteochondromas can become malignant and life threatening.''

'''Stiever, JR., and J.P. Dormans (2005). Manifestations of hereditary multiple exostoses. Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, 13: 110-120'''''.'' '''&lt;nowiki&gt;https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15850368/&lt;/nowiki&gt;''' ''Hereditary multiple exostosis is an autosomal dominant disorder manifested by the presence of multiple osteochondromas. Linkage analysis has implicated mutations in the EXT gene family, resulting in an error in the regulation of normal chondrocyte proliferation and maturation that leads to abnormal bone growth. Although exostoses are benign lesions, they are often associated with characteristic progressive skeletal deformities and may cause clinical symptoms. Patients with hereditary multiple exostosis have a slight risk of sarcomatous transformation of the cartilaginous portion of the exostosis.''

=== '''Screening and treatment''' ===
'''Fei, Li,  Clara Ngoh, Daniel E. Porter, Chondrosarcoma transformation in hereditary multiple exostoses: A systematic review and clinical and cost-effectiveness of a proposed screening model, Journal of Bone Oncology, Volume 13, 2018, Pages 114-122, ISSN 2212-1374, &lt;nowiki&gt;https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbo.2018.09.011&lt;/nowiki&gt;.'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Fei |first=Li |last2=Ngoh |first2=Clara |last3=Porter |first3=Daniel E. |date=2018-11-01 |title=Chondrosarcoma transformation in hereditary multiple exostoses: A systematic review and clinical and cost-effectiveness of a proposed screening model |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2212137418300903 |journal=Journal of Bone Oncology |volume=13 |pages=114–122 |doi=10.1016/j.jbo.2018.09.011 |issn=2212-1374 |pmc=6303411 |pmid=30591865}}&lt;/ref&gt;''  The most serious complication of hereditary multiple exostoses (HME) is chondrosarcoma transformation. Three HME screening strategies were then developed and compared using cost per life-year gained and incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER).''

'''Hosalkar, Harish MD, MBMS (Ortho), FCPS (Ortho), DNB (Ortho)*; Greenberg, Jared MD†; Gaugler, Rebecca L. BS‡; Garg, Sumeet MD§; Dormans, John P. MD∥, 2007. Abnormal Scarring With Keloid Formation After Osteochondroma Excision in Children With Multiple Hereditary Exostoses Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics: May 2007 - Volume 27 - Issue 3 - p 333-337 doi: 10.1097/BPO.0b013e3180326732'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Hosalkar |first=Harish |last2=Greenberg |first2=Jared |last3=Gaugler |first3=Rebecca L. |last4=Garg |first4=Sumeet |last5=Dormans |first5=John P. |date=2007-05 |title=Abnormal Scarring With Keloid Formation After Osteochondroma Excision in Children With Multiple Hereditary Exostoses |url=https://journals.lww.com/01241398-200704000-00017 |journal=Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics |language=en |volume=27 |issue=3 |pages=333–337 |doi=10.1097/BPO.0b013e3180326732 |issn=0271-6798}}&lt;/ref&gt;  ''Although this study has limited numbers, the results demonstrate a statistically significant correlation between keloid formation and MHE. The risk for abnormal scarring and keloid formation should be discussed with all patients before surgery.''

'''Monroig-Rivera, Carlos MD1; Bockhorn, Lauren MD1,2; Thornberg, David BS1; Santillan, Brenda BS1,2; Rathjen, Karl E. MD1,2,a. Prevalence of Osteochondromas in the Spine in Patients with Multiple Hereditary Exostoses. JBJS Open Access 10(1):e24.00072, January-March 2025. | DOI: 10.2106/JBJS.OA.24.00072.''' &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Monroig-Rivera |first=Carlos |last2=Bockhorn |first2=Lauren |last3=Thornberg |first3=David |last4=Santillan |first4=Brenda |last5=Rathjen |first5=Karl E. |date=2025-01 |title=Prevalence of Osteochondromas in the Spine in Patients with Multiple Hereditary Exostoses |url=https://journals.lww.com/10.2106/JBJS.OA.24.00072 |journal=JBJS Open Access |language=en |volume=10 |issue=1 |doi=10.2106/JBJS.OA.24.00072 |issn=2472-7245}}&lt;/ref&gt;''Although nearly half of the patients had spinal osteochondromas, neural impingement was rare (4%). Neither age, gender, nor the presence of rib and pelvic osteochondromas were associated with spinal involvement, osteochondromas in the canal, or neural impingement. This information can be used to guide clinical decision-making regarding the use of MRI scans for patient screening'''''.'''

'''Troxel, J., Fleury, I. G., &amp; Buckwalter V, J. A. (2025). Revisiting Sex Differences in Multiple Hereditary Exostoses (MHE): A Comprehensive Retrospective Analysis of Patient Characteristics and Surgical Patterns. ''Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics'', ''46''(3), 180–185.''' ''We examined 103 MHE-diagnosed patients treated at the University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics from June 2008 to March 2023.'' ''Our findings deviate from the commonly accepted male predominance in MHE, revealing an even male-female distribution.''

'''Van der Woude HJ, Flipsen M, Welsink C, Van der Zwan AL, Ham SJ, 2025. Is total-body MRI useful as a screening tool to rule out malignant progression in patients with multiple osteochondromas? Results in a single-center cohort of 319 adult patients. By''''':''  '''Skeletal radiology, 1432-2161, 2024 Jan, Vol. 53, Issue 1.'''''To evaluate the results of total-body (TB) MRI used as a screening tool for assessment or exclusion of malignant transformation in patients with hereditary multiple osteochondromas (HMO). Conclusion: TB-MRI can identify malignant transformation of osteochondromas in HMO patients. All peripheral chondrosarcomas occurred in flat bones (ribs, scapula, pelvis) in our study. TB-MRI might assist in triage between higher risk patients with a high burden of OC, including the location of OC in main flat bones vs lower risk patients without OC of the flat bones.''

'''Teeth'''

'''Wiweger, Malgorzata I. Wiweger, Zhe Zhao, Richard J. P. van Merkesteyn, Henry H. Roehl, and Pancras C. W. Hogendoorn, 2012. HSPG-Deficient Zebrafish Uncovers Dental Aspect of Multiple Osteochondromas. PLOS 1. &lt;nowiki&gt;https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0029734&lt;/nowiki&gt;'''''.'' ''Here we analyse dental defects present in ext2−/− fish. Histological analysis reveals that ext2−/− fish have very severe defects associated with the formation and the morphology of teeth. Our findings from zebrafish model were validated in a dental survey that was conducted with assistance of the MHE Research Foundation. The presence of the malformed and/or displaced teeth with abnormal enamel was declared by half of the respondents indicating that MO might indeed be also associated with dental problems.''

== Genetic studies (EXT genes) ==
As HME is associated with genetic issues on the EXT genes, here is a list of genetic studies:

'''Benoist-Lasselina, Catherine Emmanuel de Margerieb, Linda Gibbsa, Sarah Cormierc, Caroline Silvec, Gisèle Nicolasd, Martine LeMerrera, Jean-Francois Mallete, Arno­­­­ld Munnicha, Jacky Bonaventurea, Louise Zylberbergb, Laurence Legeai-Malleta,  2006.  ''Defective chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation in osteochondromas of MHE patients''. Bone, Volume 39, Issue 1, July 2006, Pages 17–26'''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Benoist-Lasselin |first=Catherine |last2=de Margerie |first2=Emmanuel |last3=Gibbs |first3=Linda |last4=Cormier |first4=Sarah |last5=Silve |first5=Caroline |last6=Nicolas |first6=Gisèle |last7=LeMerrer |first7=Martine |last8=Mallet |first8=Jean-Francois |last9=Munnich |first9=Arnold |last10=Bonaventure |first10=Jacky |last11=Zylberberg |first11=Louise |last12=Legeai-Mallet |first12=Laurence |date=2006-07 |title=Defective chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation in osteochondromas of MHE patients |url=http://www.thebonejournal.com/article/S8756-3282(05)00540-5/fulltext |journal=Bone |volume=39 |issue=1 |pages=17–26 |doi=10.1016/j.bone.2005.12.003 |issn=8756-3282}}&lt;/ref&gt; . ''Multiple hereditary exostoses (MHE) is an autosomal dominant skeletal disorder caused by mutations in one of the two EXT genes and characterized by multiple osteochondromas that generally arise near the ends of growing long bones.''

'''Busse-Wicher, Marta; Wicher, Krzysztof B.; Kusche-Gullberg, Marion (2014). &quot;The extostosin family: Proteins with many functions&quot;. Matrix Biology. Elsevier BV. 35: 25–33. doi:10.1016/j.matbio.2013.10.001. hdl:1956/10590. ISSN 0945-053X.''' ''Mutations in either EXT1 or EXT2 cause hereditary multiple osteochondromas (HMO), an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by bone deformities and cartilage-capped bony outgrowths, called exostoses or osteochondromas, at the ends of the long bones (reviewed in (Jennes et al., 2009)). HMO is one of the most common inherited skeletal disorders with an estimated incidence of 1–2 per 100 000 live births.''

'''Cuellar, A., Reddi, A.H. Cell biology of osteochondromas: Bone morphogenic protein signalling and heparan sulphates. International Orthopaedics (SICOT) 37, 1591–1596 (2013). &lt;nowiki&gt;https://doi.org/10.1007/s00264-013-1906-5&lt;/nowiki&gt;.'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Cuellar |first=Araceli |last2=Reddi |first2=A. Hari |date=2013-08-01 |title=Cell biology of osteochondromas: Bone morphogenic protein signalling and heparan sulphates |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s00264-013-1906-5 |journal=International Orthopaedics |language=en |volume=37 |issue=8 |pages=1591–1596 |doi=10.1007/s00264-013-1906-5 |issn=1432-5195 |pmc=3728397 |pmid=23771188}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''While factors for severity remain unknown, mutations in exostosin 1 and exostosin 2 genes, encoding glycosyltransferases involved in the biosynthesis of ubiquitously expressed heparan sulphate (HS) chains, are associated with MHE.''

'''Nozawa S, Inubushi T, Irie F, et al. Osteoblastic heparan sulfate regulates osteoprotegerin function and bone mass. JCI Insight. 2018;3(3):e89624. Published 2018 Feb 8. doi:10.1172/jci.insight.89624.'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Nozawa |first=Satoshi |last2=Inubushi |first2=Toshihiro |last3=Irie |first3=Fumitoshi |last4=Takigami |first4=Iori |last5=Matsumoto |first5=Kazu |last6=Shimizu |first6=Katsuji |last7=Akiyama |first7=Haruhiko |last8=Yamaguchi |first8=Yu |date=2018-02-08 |title=Osteoblastic heparan sulfate regulates osteoprotegerin function and bone mass |url=https://insight.jci.org/articles/view/89624 |journal=JCI Insight |language=en |volume=3 |issue=3 |doi=10.1172/jci.insight.89624 |issn=2379-3708 |pmc=5821205 |pmid=29415886}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''To determine the role of HS in bone homeostasis, we conditionally ablated Ext1, which encodes an essential glycosyltransferase for HS biosynthesis, in osteoblasts. Resultant conditional mutant mice developed severe osteopenia. Surprisingly, this phenotype is not due to impairment in bone formation but to enhancement of bone resorption. We also show that bone mineral density is reduced in patients with multiple hereditary exostoses, a genetic bone disorder caused by heterozygous mutations of Ext1, suggesting that the mechanism revealed in this study may be relevant to low bone mass conditions in humans.''

'''Pacifici M. The pathogenic roles of heparan sulfate deficiency in hereditary multiple exostoses. Matrix Biol. 2018 Oct;71-72:28-39. doi: 10.1016/j.matbio.2017.12.011. Epub 2017 Dec 24. PMID: 29277722; PMCID: PMC6015767'''''.''&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt; ''Heparan sulfate (HS) is an essential component of cell surface and matrix proteoglycans (HS-PGs) that include syndecans and perlecan. Because of their unique structural features, the HS chains are able to specifically interact with signaling proteins–including bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs)-via their HS-binding domain, regulating protein availability, distribution and action on target cells. Hereditary Multiple Exostoses (HME) is a rare pediatric disorder linked to germline heterozygous loss-of-function mutations in EXT1 or EXT2 that encode Golgi-resident glycosyltransferases responsible for HS synthesis, resulting in a systemic HS deficiency. HME is characterized by cartilaginous/bony tumors-called osteochondromas or exostoses- that form within perichondrium in long bones, ribs and other elements. This review examines most recent studies in HME, framing them in the context of classic studies. New findings show that the spectrum of EXT mutations is larger than previously realized and the clinical complications of HME extend beyond the skeleton.''

'''Sefcik R, Earl D. Hereditary Multiple Osteochondromas. 2000 Aug 3 [Updated 2026 Jan 29]. In: Adam MP, Bick S, Mirzaa GM, et al., editors. GeneReviews® [Internet]. Seattle (WA): University of Washington, Seattle; 1993-2026. Available from: &lt;nowiki&gt;https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1235&lt;/nowiki&gt;.''' ''Each child of an individual with HMO has a 50% chance of inheriting an HMO-causing pathogenic variant.''

'''Zak, B.M., B.E. Crawford, and J.D. Esko, 2002. Hereditary multiple exostoses and heparan sulfate polymerization Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) Volume 1573, Issue 3, 19 December 2002, Pages 346–355 &lt;nowiki&gt;http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304416502004026&lt;/nowiki&gt;''' ''Hereditary multiple exostoses (HME, OMIM 133700, 133701) results from mutations in EXT1 and EXT2, genes encoding the copolymerase responsible for heparan sulfate (HS) biosynthesis. Here, we provide an overview of HME, the EXT family of proteins, and possible models for the relationship of altered HS biosynthesis to the ectopic bone growth characteristic of the disease.''

== HSPG-Related studies ==
While HME is a rare disease and rarely studied, the connection between HME and HSPG is noted. Therefore, this list of research articles covers HME, HSPG, and the genetic issues associated with the EXT1, EXT2, and EXT3 genes.

'''Aldunate, Rebecca, Juan Carlos Casar, Enrique Brandan, Nibaldo C. Inestrosa, 2004. Structural and functional organization of synaptic acetylcholinesterase, Brain Research Reviews, Volume 47, Issues 1–3,''' &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Aldunate |first=Rebeca |last2=Casar |first2=Juan Carlos |last3=Brandan |first3=Enrique |last4=Inestrosa |first4=Nibaldo C. |date=2004-12 |title=Structural and functional organization of synaptic acetylcholinesterase |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0165017304001092 |journal=Brain Research Reviews |language=en |volume=47 |issue=1-3 |pages=96–104 |doi=10.1016/j.brainresrev.2004.07.019}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''&quot;The presence of two heparin-binding domains in ColQ that interact with heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) at the synaptic basal lamina; and second, a knockout mouse for perlecan, a HSPG concentrated in nerve–muscle contact, in which absence of asymmetric AChE at the NMJ is observed.&quot;''

'''Aplin, J.D., Charlton, A.K. &amp; Ayad, S.  1988. An immunohistochemical study of human endometrial extracellular matrix during the menstrual cycle and first trimester of pregnancy. Cell Tissue Res. 253: 231. &lt;nowiki&gt;https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00221758&lt;/nowiki&gt;.''' &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Aplin |first=J. D. |last2=Charlton |first2=A. K. |last3=Ayad |first3=S. |date=1988-07-01 |title=An immunohistochemical study of human endometrial extracellular matrix during the menstrual cycle and first trimester of pregnancy |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00221758 |journal=Cell and Tissue Research |language=en |volume=253 |issue=1 |pages=231–240 |doi=10.1007/BF00221758 |issn=1432-0878}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Changes in the organisation and composition of extracellular matrix in human endometrium during the menstrual cycle and early pregnancy have been assessed by immunofluorescence.'' 

'''Arnold, K. Y-E. Liao, and J. Liu, 2020. ''Potential Use of Anti-Inflammatory Synthetic Heparan Sulfate to Attenuate Liver Damage. Biomedicines 2020, 8(11), 503;''''' &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Arnold |first=Katelyn |last2=Liao |first2=Yi-En |last3=Liu |first3=Jian |date=2020-11-16 |title=Potential Use of Anti-Inflammatory Synthetic Heparan Sulfate to Attenuate Liver Damage |url=https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/8/11/503 |journal=Biomedicines |language=en |volume=8 |issue=11 |pages=503 |doi=10.3390/biomedicines8110503 |issn=2227-9059}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Heparan sulfate (HS) is an essential glycan for liver function.''

'''Ascencio, F. L. Å. Fransson and T. WadstrÖum, 1993. ''Affinity of the gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori for the N-sulphated glycosaminoglycan heparan sulphate'' J Med Microbiol April 1993 vol. 38 no. 4 240-244''' &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=F |first=Ascencio |last2=A |first2=Fransson, L. |last3=T |first3=Wadstrom |date=1993-04-01 |title=Affinity of the gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori for the N-sulphated glycosaminogly… |url=https://www.sgmjournals.org/jmm/content/38/4/240 |access-date=2026-07-15 |website=SGM Journals |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;'''.''' ''Binding of 125I-heparan sulphate was a common property of Helicobacter pylori strains isolated from patients with gastroduodenal ulcer diseases.''

'''Berg et al., 1999. Chronic fatigue syndrome and/or Fibromyalgia as a variation of Antiphospholipid antibody syndrome: an explanatory model and approach to laboratory  diagnosis'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Berg |first=D. |last2=Berg |first2=L. H. |last3=Couvaras |first3=J. |last4=Harrison |first4=H. |date=1999-10 |title=Chronic fatigue syndrome and/or fibromyalgia as a variation of antiphospholipid antibody syndrome: an explanatory model and approach to laboratory diagnosis |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10695770 |journal=Blood Coagulation &amp; Fibrinolysis: An International Journal in Haemostasis and Thrombosis |volume=10 |issue=7 |pages=435–438 |doi=10.1097/00001721-199910000-00006 |issn=0957-5235 |pmid=10695770}}&lt;/ref&gt; Not in this paper, but the logic is that low levels of HSPG are found in patients with chronic fatigue, and there is probably a correlation with MHE fatigue and low levels of HSPG.

'''Bishop, J., Schuksz, M. &amp; Esko, J. Heparan sulphate proteoglycans fine-tune mammalian physiology. Nature 446, 1030–1037 (2007). &lt;nowiki&gt;https://doi.org/10.1038/nature05817&lt;/nowiki&gt;'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Bishop |first=Joseph R. |last2=Schuksz |first2=Manuela |last3=Esko |first3=Jeffrey D. |date=2007-04 |title=Heparan sulphate proteoglycans fine-tune mammalian physiology |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/nature05817 |journal=Nature |language=en |volume=446 |issue=7139 |pages=1030–1037 |doi=10.1038/nature05817 |issn=1476-4687}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Heparan sulphate proteoglycans reside on the plasma membrane of all animal cells studied so far and are a major component of extracellular matrices. . A recurrent theme is the electrostatic interaction of the heparan sulphate chains with protein ligands, which affects metabolism, transport, information transfer, support and regulation in all organ systems.'' 

'''Boer and Gaillard, 2007. Drug Targeting to the Brain. Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology. Volume 47, 2007. Pp 323-355'''&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;'''.'''''… For many diseases of the brain, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, stroke, depression, schizophrenia, epilepsia and migraine headache, the drugs on the market … enter the cell following binding to heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG) receptors …''

'''Brown, Anissa Joy. Function of heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) and heparanase (HPSE) in endochondral bone formation University of Delaware, ProQuest Dissertations Publishing, 2008. 3324491.'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Function of heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) and heparanase (HPSE) in endochondral bone formation. by Brown, Anissa Joy (9781243986054) {{!}} Browns Books |url=https://www.brownsbfs.co.uk/Product/Brown-Anissa-Joy/Function-of-heparan-sulfate-proteoglycans-HSPGs-and-hepar/9781243986054 |access-date=2026-07-15 |website=www.brownsbfs.co.uk}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Endochondral bone formation is a tightly regulated process involving coordination among cell-cell, cell-matrix and growth factor signaling that eventually results in the production of mineralized bone from a cartilage template. Chondrogenic and osteogenic differentiation occur in sequence during this process, and the temporospatial patterning clearly requires the activities of heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs), heparin binding growth factors (HBGFs) and their receptors.''

'''O'Callaghan P, Zhang X, Li JP. 2018. Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans as Relays of Neuroinflammation. J Histochem Cytochem. 2018 Apr;66(4):305-319. doi: 10.1369/0022155417742147. Epub 2018 Jan 1. PMID: 29290138; PMCID: PMC5958378'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=O'Callaghan |first=Paul |last2=Zhang |first2=Xiao |last3=Li |first3=Jin-Ping |date=2018-04 |title=Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans as Relays of Neuroinflammation |url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5958378/ |journal=The Journal of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry: Official Journal of the Histochemistry Society |volume=66 |issue=4 |pages=305–319 |doi=10.1369/0022155417742147 |issn=1551-5044 |pmc=5958378 |pmid=29290138}}&lt;/ref&gt;'''.''' ''.'' ''We summarize some of the contrasting roles that HS and heparanase have been assigned in diseases associated with chronic inflammatory states, including Alzheimer's disease (AD).''

'''Chen, Ming and Xiao, Xiao and Rui, Yimin and Jin, Yu,''' '''2023. Relationship of Sleep Disorder with Neurodegenerative and Psychiatric Diseases: An Updated Review. Available at SSRN:''' &lt;nowiki&gt;https://ssrn.com/abstract=4484640&lt;/nowiki&gt; or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4484640. &quot;''Another key factor in the circadian timing of Aβ42 phagocytosis is the presence of cell-surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs), which highlights a potential causative factor for increased Aβ42 accumulation in patients with clock/sleep disorders due to the apparent circadian rhythmicity of HSPGs levels and the inhibitory role of HSPGs in the phagocytosis of Aβ42(Clark et al., 2022).&quot;''

'''Chmiela, M. et al. 1995. The role of heparan sulphate-binding activity of Helicobacter pylori bacteria in their adhesion to murine macrophages. &lt;nowiki&gt;http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1699-0463.1995.tb01133.x/full&lt;/nowiki&gt;'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Chmiela |first=M. |last2=Paziak-Domanska |first2=B. |last3=Rudnicka |first3=W. |last4=WadstrÖM |first4=T. |date=1995 |title=The role of heparan sulphate-binding activity of Helicobacter pylori bacteria in their adhesion to murine macrophages |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1699-0463.1995.tb01133.x |journal=APMIS |language=en |volume=103 |issue=1-6 |pages=469–474 |doi=10.1111/j.1699-0463.1995.tb01133.x |issn=1600-0463}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''The role of heparan sulphate (HS)-binding activity of Helicobacter pylori microbes in their adhesion to and ingestion by inflammatory peritoneal macrophages.''

'''Clark, GT, Yu Y, Urban C et al. 2023. Circadian control of heparan sulfate levels times phagocytosis of amyloid beta aggregates. February 10, 202. PLOS Genetics. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1009994&lt;nowiki/&gt;.'''  ''PGs like heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) and chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) are involved in the clearance of Aβ42, associate with Aβ42 to foster the formation of plaques, and reduce Aβ plaque load upon the knockout of a key enzyme in the HSPG biosynthesis pathway... our findings suggest the disruption of the circadian timing of macrophage/microglia phagocytosis may be a vital component in Aβ42 metabolism, highlighting a potential causative factor in the increase in accumulation of Aβ42 in patients with clock/sleep disturbances [8,13,20,22,25,94,97].'' 

'''Collins LE, Troeberg L. 2019. Heparan sulfate as a regulator of inflammation and immunity. J Leukoc Biol. 2019 Jan;105(1):81-92. doi: 10.1002/JLB.3RU0618-246R. Epub 2018 Oct 30. PMID: 30376187.'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Collins |first=Laura E |last2=Troeberg |first2=Linda |date=2018-12-27 |title=Heparan sulfate as a regulator of inflammation and immunity |url=https://academic.oup.com/jleukbio/article/105/1/81/6935486 |journal=Journal of Leukocyte Biology |language=en |volume=105 |issue=1 |pages=81–92 |doi=10.1002/JLB.3RU0618-246R |issn=1938-3673}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''In this review, we discuss the multiple roles for HS in regulating immune responses, and the evidence for inflammation-associated changes to HS structure.Keywords: chemokines; cytokines; heparan sulfate; inflammation; leukocyte.''

'''Condomitti, G., &amp; de Wit, J. (2018). Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans as Emerging Players in Synaptic Specificity. Frontiers in molecular neuroscience, 11, 14. &lt;nowiki&gt;https://doi.org/10.3389/fnmol.2018.00014&lt;/nowiki&gt;'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Condomitti |first=Giuseppe |last2=de Wit |first2=Joris |date=2018-01-26 |title=Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans as Emerging Players in Synaptic Specificity |url=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/molecular-neuroscience/articles/10.3389/fnmol.2018.00014/full |journal=Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience |language=English |volume=11 |doi=10.3389/fnmol.2018.00014 |issn=1662-5099 |pmc=5790772 |pmid=29434536}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''The heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG) family of cell-surface proteins is emerging as a key regulator of connectivity. HSPGs are expressed throughout brain development and play important roles in axon guidance, synapse development and synapse function.''

'''Cooper, Isabella D.; Brookler, Kenneth H.; Crofts, Catherine A. P. (2021-09-06). &quot;Rethinking  Fragility Fractures in Type 2 Diabetes: The Link between Hyperinsulinaemia and Osteofragilitas&quot; Biomedicines 9, no. 9: 1165.'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Cooper |first=Isabella D. |last2=Brookler |first2=Kenneth H. |last3=Crofts |first3=Catherine A. P. |date=2021-09-06 |title=Rethinking Fragility Fractures in Type 2 Diabetes: The Link between Hyperinsulinaemia and Osteofragilitas |url=https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/9/9/1165 |journal=Biomedicines |language=en |volume=9 |issue=9 |pages=1165 |doi=10.3390/biomedicines9091165 |issn=2227-9059}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''&lt;nowiki&gt;https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines9091165&lt;/nowiki&gt;  Hyperinsulinaemia negatively impacts HSPG function and availability, via impairment of vitamin D regulation. Vitamin D regulates sulfate synthesis, required for heparan sulphate ['''145'''].''

'''Dituri F, Gigante G, Scialpi R, Mancarella S, Fabregat I, Giannelli G. Proteoglycans in Cancer: Friends or Enemies? A Special Focus on Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancers. 2022; 14(8):1902. &lt;nowiki&gt;https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers14081902&lt;/nowiki&gt;'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Dituri |first=Francesco |last2=Gigante |first2=Gianluigi |last3=Scialpi |first3=Rosanna |last4=Mancarella |first4=Serena |last5=Fabregat |first5=Isabel |last6=Giannelli |first6=Gianluigi |date=2022-04-09 |title=Proteoglycans in Cancer: Friends or Enemies? A Special Focus on Hepatocellular Carcinoma |url=https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/14/8/1902 |journal=Cancers |language=en |volume=14 |issue=8 |pages=1902 |doi=10.3390/cancers14081902 |issn=2072-6694 |pmc=9024587 |pmid=35454809}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Proteoglycans are a class of highly glycosylated proteins expressed in virtually all tissues, which are localized within membranes, but more often in the pericellular space and extracellular matrix (ECM), and are involved in tissue homeostasis and remodeling of the stromal microenvironment during physiological and pathological processes, such as tissue regeneration, angiogenesis, and cancer.''

'''Farhan, S.M.K. , Wang J, Robinson JF, et al., 2015. Old gene, new phenotype: mutations in heparan sulfate synthesis enzyme, EXT2 leads to seizure and developmental disorder, no exostoses. Journal of Medical Genetics 2015;52:666-675. ''' ''Many genes are involved in modulating heparan sulfate synthesis, and when these genes are mutated, they can give rise to early-onset developmental disorders affecting multiple body systems.'' 

'''Forsberg E. and L. Kjellen, 2001. Heparan sulfate: lessons from knockout mice. Journal of Clinical Investigation. &lt;nowiki&gt;https://www.jci.org/articles/view/13561&lt;/nowiki&gt;.''' &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Forsberg |first=Erik |last2=Kjellén |first2=Lena |date=2001-07-15 |title=Heparan sulfate: lessons from knockout mice |url=https://www.jci.org/articles/view/13561 |journal=The Journal of Clinical Investigation |language=en |volume=108 |issue=2 |pages=175–180 |doi=10.1172/JCI13561 |issn=0021-9738 |pmid=11457868}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Kidney'' ''agenesis, “broken heart,” abnormal mast cells, somatic overgrowth, lung dysfunction, and chondrodysplasia are some phenotypes of mice where different genes important for heparan sulfate (HS) expression have been knocked out.The authors speculate that, during inflammation or wounding when fibronectin is degraded, syndecan-4 may be important for focal adhesion formation and actin fiber organization, which in turn contribute to cell migration.'' 

'''Fumitoshi Irie, Hedieh Badie-Mahdavi, and Yu Yamaguchi, 2012. ''Autism-like socio-communicative deficits and stereotypies in mice lacking heparan sulfate''. PNAS 2012 109 (13) 5052-5056;  March 27, 2012 vol. 109 no. 13'''&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt; '''&lt;nowiki&gt;http://www.pnas.org/content/109/13/5052.short&lt;/nowiki&gt;''' ''Heparan sulfate regulates diverse cell-surface signaling events, and its roles in the development of the nervous system recently have been increasingly uncovered by studies using genetic models carrying mutations of genes encoding enzymes for its synthesis. Our results demonstrate that heparan sulfate is critical for normal functioning of glutamatergic synapses and that its deficiency mediates socio-communicative deficits and stereotypes characteristic for autism.''

'''Ge, Xiao Na, Bastan, Idil, Ha, Sung Gil, Greenberg, Yana G., Esko, Jeffrey D., Rao, Savita P., Sriramarao, P., 2018. Regulation of eosinophil recruitment and allergic airway inflammation by heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG) modifying enzymes. Experimental Lung Research, 01902148, Mar2018, Vol. 44, Issue''' ''Our study demonstrates that allergen exposure reduces expression of Hs2st; loss of uronyl 2-O-sulfation in endothelial and leukocyte HSPG amplifies recruitment of eosinophils likely due to a compromised vascular endothelium resulting in persistent inflammation whereas loss of N-sulfation limits eosinophilia and attenuates inflammation underscoring the importance of site-specific sulfation in HSPG to their role in AAI.''

'''Haeger SM, Yang Y, Schmidt EP. Heparan Sulfate in the Developing, Healthy, and Injured Lung. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 2016;55(1):5-11. doi:10.1165/rcmb.2016-0043TR''' '''''&lt;nowiki&gt;https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4942210/&lt;/nowiki&gt;'''''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Haeger |first=Sarah M. |last2=Yang |first2=Yimu |last3=Schmidt |first3=Eric P. |date=2016-07 |title=Heparan Sulfate in the Developing, Healthy, and Injured Lung |url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4942210/ |journal=American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology |volume=55 |issue=1 |pages=5–11 |doi=10.1165/rcmb.2016-0043TR |issn=1535-4989 |pmc=4942210 |pmid=26982577}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''This Translational Review highlightsthe importance of athe glycosaminoglycan heparan sulfate (HS) on lung health and disease.''

'''Hiebert, Linda M. 2021. Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans in Diabetes. DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1724118. Thieme E-''' '''Journals - Seminars in Thrombosis and Hemostasis / Abstract (thieme-connect.com).''' &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Hiebert |first=Linda M. |date=2021-04 |title=Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans in Diabetes |url=http://www.thieme-connect.de/DOI/DOI?10.1055/s-0041-1724118 |journal=Seminars in Thrombosis and Hemostasis |language=en |volume=47 |issue=03 |pages=261–273 |doi=10.1055/s-0041-1724118 |issn=0094-6176}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Understanding the role of HSPGs and how they are modified by diabetes may lead to new treatments as well as preventative measures to reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with this complex condition.''

'''Ho, G., G Broze, A. Schwartz, 1997. Role of Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans in the Uptake and Degradation of Tissue Factor Pathway Inhibitor-Coagulation Factor Xa Complexes. CELL BIOLOGY AND METABOLISM| VOLUME 272, ISSUE 27, P16838-16844, JULY 1997.&lt;nowiki&gt;https://www.jbc.org/article/S0021-9258(18)39299-8/fulltext&lt;/nowiki&gt;''' &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Ho |first=Guyu |last2=Broze |first2=George J. |last3=Schwartz |first3=Alan L. |date=1997-07-04 |title=Role of Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans in the Uptake and Degradation of Tissue Factor Pathway Inhibitor-Coagulation Factor Xa Complexes * |url=https://www.jbc.org/article/S0021-9258(18)39299-8/abstract |journal=Journal of Biological Chemistry |language=English |volume=272 |issue=27 |pages=16838–16844 |doi=10.1074/jbc.272.27.16838 |issn=0021-9258}}&lt;/ref&gt;''These results suggest that heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) are required for the uptake and degradation of 125I-TFPI·fXa complexes.'' 

'''Huang M, He H, Belenkaya T, Lin X. Multiple roles of epithelial heparan sulfate in stomach morphogenesis. J Cell Sci. 2018 May 29;131(10):jcs210781. doi: 10.1242/jcs.210781. PMID: 29700203; PMCID: PMC6031332.''' &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Huang |first=Meina |last2=He |first2=Hua |last3=Belenkaya |first3=Tatyana |last4=Lin |first4=Xinhua |date=2018-05-15 |title=Multiple roles of epithelial heparan sulfate in stomach morphogenesis |url=https://journals.biologists.com/jcs/article/131/10/jcs210781/56866/Multiple-roles-of-epithelial-heparan-sulfate-in |journal=Journal of Cell Science |language=en |volume=131 |issue=10 |doi=10.1242/jcs.210781 |issn=1477-9137 |pmc=6031332 |pmid=29700203}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''In the posterior stomach, HS depletion disrupts glandular stomach patterning and cytodifferentiation via attenuation of Fgf signaling activity.'' 

'''Irie, F.,  H. Badie-Mahdavi, Y. Yamaguchi, 2012. Autism-like socio-communicative deficits and stereotypies in mice lacking heparan sulfate Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A., 109 (2012), pp. 5052-5056. &lt;nowiki&gt;https://www.pnas.org/doi/pdf/10.1073/pnas.1117881109&lt;/nowiki&gt;.''' &lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;''Our results demonstrate that heparan sulfate is critical for normal functioning of glutamatergic synapses and that its deficiency mediates socio-communicative deficits and stereotypies characteristic for autism.''

'''Jennes I, Pedrini E, Zuntini M, Mordenti M, Balkassmi S, Asteggiano CG, Casey B, Bakker B, Sangiorgi L, Wuyts W. Multiple osteochondromas: mutation update and description of the multiple osteochondromas mutation database (MOdb). Hum Mutat. 2009 Dec;30 (12):1620-7. doi: 10.1002/humu.21123. PMID: 19810120.''' &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Jennes |first=Ivy |last2=Pedrini |first2=Elena |last3=Zuntini |first3=Monia |last4=Mordenti |first4=Marina |last5=Balkassmi |first5=Sahila |last6=Asteggiano |first6=Carla G. |last7=Casey |first7=Brett |last8=Bakker |first8=Bert |last9=Sangiorgi |first9=Luca |last10=Wuyts |first10=Wim |date=2009-12 |title=Multiple osteochondromas: mutation update and description of the multiple osteochondromas mutation database (MOdb) |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/humu.21123 |journal=Human Mutation |language=en |volume=30 |issue=12 |pages=1620–1627 |doi=10.1002/humu.21123}}&lt;/ref&gt;''MO is genetically heterogeneous, and is associated with mutations in Exostosin-1 (EXT1) or Exostosin-2 (EXT2), both tumor-suppressor genes of the EXT gene family. All members of this multigene family encode glycosyltransferases involved in the adhesion and/or polymerization of heparin sulfate (HS) chains at HS proteoglycans (HSPGs).'' 

'''Jones, K. B., Pacifici, M., &amp; Hilton, M. J. (2014). Multiple hereditary exostoses (MHE): elucidating the pathogenesis of a rare skeletal disorder through interdisciplinary research. Connective Tissue Research, 55(2), 80–88. &lt;nowiki&gt;https://doi.org/10.3109/03008207.2013.867957&lt;/nowiki&gt;.''' ''MHE is largely caused by autosomal dominant mutations in EXT1 or EXT2, genes encoding Golgi-associated glycosyltransferases responsible for heparan sulfate (HS) synthesis. HS chains are key constituents of cell surface- and extracellular matrix-associated proteoglycans, which are known regulators of skeletal development. MHE affected individuals are HS-deficient, can display skeletal growth retardation and deformities, and consistently develop benign, cartilage-capped bony outgrowths (termed exostoses or osteochondromas) near the growth plates of many skeletal elements. Heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) critically modulate adhesion-, growth-, and migration-related processes.''

'''Kemp, Annissa et al. 2017. Control of Cell Shape, Neurite Outgrowth, and Migration by a Nogo-A/HSPG Interaction, Developmental Cell, Volume 43, Issue 1, 24 - 34.e5 &lt;nowiki&gt;https://www.cell.com/developmental-cell/fulltext/S1534-5807(17)30674-3&lt;/nowiki&gt;'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Kempf |first=Anissa |last2=Boda |first2=Enrica |last3=Kwok |first3=Jessica C. F. |last4=Fritz |first4=Rafael |last5=Grande |first5=Valentina |last6=Kaelin |first6=Andrea M. |last7=Ristic |first7=Zorica |last8=Schmandke |first8=Andre |last9=Schmandke |first9=Antonio |last10=Tews |first10=Bjoern |last11=Fawcett |first11=James W. |last12=Pertz |first12=Olivier |last13=Buffo |first13=Annalisa |last14=Schwab |first14=Martin E. |date=2017-10-09 |title=Control of Cell Shape, Neurite Outgrowth, and Migration by a Nogo-A/HSPG Interaction |url=https://www.cell.com/developmental-cell/abstract/S1534-5807(17)30674-3 |journal=Developmental Cell |language=English |volume=43 |issue=1 |pages=24–34.e5 |doi=10.1016/j.devcel.2017.08.014 |issn=1534-5807 |pmid=28943240}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) critically modulate adhesion-, growth-, and migration-related processes. Here, we show that the transmembrane protein, Nogo-A, inhibits neurite outgrowth and cell spreading in neurons and Nogo-A-responsive cell lines via HSPGs. Finally, we show in explant cultures ex vivo that Nogo-A-?20 promotes the migration of neuroblasts via HSPGs but not S1PR2.''

'''Kolset, S., Salmivirta, M. Cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans and lipoprotein metabolism. CMLS, Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 56, 857–870 (1999). &lt;nowiki&gt;https://doi.org/10.1007/s000180050031&lt;/nowiki&gt;''' [https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s000180050031. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s000180050031.]  ''Heparan sulfate has been further implicated in presentation and stabilization of lipoprotein lipase and hepatic lipase on cell surfaces and in the transport of lipoprotein lipase from extravascular cells to the luminal surface of the endothelia. In atherosclerosis, heparan sulfate is intimately involved in several events important to the pathophysiology of the disease.''

'''Laabs, T.; Carulli, D.; Geller, H.M.; Fawcett, J.W. Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans in neural development and regeneration. Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 2005, 15, 116–120. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Carulli |first=Daniela |last2=Laabs |first2=Tracy |last3=Geller |first3=Herbert M. |last4=Fawcett |first4=James W. |date=2005-02 |title=Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans in neural development and regeneration |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15721753 |journal=Current Opinion in Neurobiology |volume=15 |issue=1 |pages=116–120 |doi=10.1016/j.conb.2005.01.014 |issn=0959-4388 |pmid=15721753}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Proteoglycans are of two main types, chondroitin sulfate (CSPGs) and heparin sulfate (HSPGs). The CSPGs act mainly as barrier-forming molecules, whereas the HSPGs stabilise the interactions of receptors and ligands.'' 

'''Lundberg, Y.W., Y. Xu, K.D. Theissen, and K.L. Framer, 2014. Mechanisms of otoconia and otolith development. Developmental Dynamics, 9/24/2014.''' &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Lundberg |first=Yunxia Wang |last2=Xu |first2=Yinfang |last3=Thiessen |first3=Kevin D. |last4=Kramer |first4=Kenneth L. |date=2015 |title=Mechanisms of otoconia and otolith development |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/dvdy.24195 |journal=Developmental Dynamics |language=en |volume=244 |issue=3 |pages=239–253 |doi=10.1002/dvdy.24195 |issn=1097-0177 |pmc=4482761 |pmid=25255879}}&lt;/ref&gt;  ''Deletion of different HSPGs and CSPGs causes calcification deficiencies  which exemplifies their critical role in bone and teeth formation.''

'''Mansouri, R., Jouan, Y., Hay, E. et al. Osteoblastic heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycans control bone remodeling by regulating Wnt signaling and the crosstalk between bone surface and marrow cells. Cell Death Dis 8, e2902 (2017). &lt;nowiki&gt;https://doi.org/10.1038/cddis.2017.287&lt;/nowiki&gt;'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Mansouri |first=Rafik |last2=Jouan |first2=Yohann |last3=Hay |first3=Eric |last4=Blin-Wakkach |first4=Claudine |last5=Frain |first5=Monique |last6=Ostertag |first6=Agnès |last7=Le Henaff |first7=Carole |last8=Marty |first8=Caroline |last9=Geoffroy |first9=Valérie |last10=Marie |first10=Pierre J. |last11=Cohen-Solal |first11=Martine |last12=Modrowski |first12=Dominique |date=2017-06 |title=Osteoblastic heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycans control bone remodeling by regulating Wnt signaling and the crosstalk between bone surface and marrow cells |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/cddis2017287 |journal=Cell Death &amp; Disease |language=en |volume=8 |issue=6 |pages=e2902–e2902 |doi=10.1038/cddis.2017.287 |issn=2041-4889 |pmc=5520938 |pmid=28661485}}&lt;/ref&gt;  ''Syndecan-2 is a membrane heparan sulfate proteoglycan that is associated with osteoblastic differentiation. The osteogenic properties of matrix glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) have been explored; however, the functions of GAGs at the surface of bone-forming cells are less documented.'' 

'''Matsuzawa, T. et al., 2021. Heparan sulfate promotes differentiation of white adipocytes to maintain insulin sensitivity and glucose homeostasis. Journal of Biological Chemistry.'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Matsuzawa |first=Takuro |last2=Morita |first2=Masanobu |last3=Shimane |first3=Ai |last4=Otsuka |first4=Rina |last5=Mei |first5=Yu |last6=Irie |first6=Fumitoshi |last7=Yamaguchi |first7=Yu |last8=Yanai |first8=Kazuhiko |last9=Yoshikawa |first9=Takeo |date=2021-09 |title=Heparan sulfate promotes differentiation of white adipocytes to maintain insulin sensitivity and glucose homeostasis |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34310946 |journal=The Journal of Biological Chemistry |volume=297 |issue=3 |pages=101006 |doi=10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101006 |issn=1083-351X |pmc=8379462 |pmid=34310946}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''We observed that Ext1Δ/WT mice showed glucose intolerance because of insulin resistance. Our results demonstrate that HS plays a crucial role in the differentiation of white adipocytes through BMP4–FGF1 signaling pathways, thereby contributing to insulin sensitivity and glucose homeostasis.''

'''Meneghetti, Maria C. Z.; Hughes, Ashley J.; Rudd, Timothy R.; Nader, Helena B.; Powell, Andrew K.; Yates, Edwin A.; Lima, Marcelo A. (2015-09-06). &quot;Heparan sulfate and heparin interactions with proteins&quot;. Journal of the Royal Society, Interface. 12 (110): 0589. doi:10.1098/rsif.2015.0589. ISSN 1742-5662. PMC 4614469. &lt;nowiki&gt;PMID 26289657&lt;/nowiki&gt;'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Echits |first=S. V. |last2=Pichko |first2=V. B. |last3=Tikhomirova |first3=A. S. |last4=Letunova |first4=E. V. |date=1975 |title=[Preparation and properties of beta-galactosidase linked covalently with KM-cellulose] |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1742 |journal=Prikladnaia Biokhimiia I Mikrobiologiia |volume=11 |issue=6 |pages=848–851 |issn=0555-1099 |pmid=1742}}&lt;/ref&gt;''. Heparan sulfate (HS) polysaccharides are ubiquitous components of the cell surface and extracellular matrix of all multicellular animals, whereas heparin is present within mast cells and can be viewed as a more sulfated, tissue-specific, HS variant. HS and heparin regulate biological processes through interactions with a large repertoire of proteins. Owing to these interactions and diverse effects observed during in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo experiments, manifold biological/pharmacological activities have been attributed to them'''''.'''

'''Mooney et al. 2016.Pathway analysis in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: An ensemble approach. American Journal of Medical Genetics. Volume 171, Sept 2016. &lt;nowiki&gt;https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/ajmg.b.32446&lt;/nowiki&gt;''' &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Mooney |first=Michael A. |last2=McWeeney |first2=Shannon K. |last3=Faraone |first3=Stephen V. |last4=Hinney |first4=Anke |last5=Hebebrand |first5=Johannes |last6=Consortium |first6=Image2 |last7=Group |first7=German ADHD GWAS |last8=Nigg |first8=Joel T. |last9=Wilmot |first9=Beth |date=2016 |title=Pathway analysis in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: An ensemble approach |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/ajmg.b.32446 |journal=American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics |language=en |volume=171 |issue=6 |pages=815–826 |doi=10.1002/ajmg.b.32446 |issn=1552-485X |pmc=4983253 |pmid=27004716}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''These results support previous hypotheses about the role of regulation of neurotransmitter release, neurite outgrowth and axon guidance in contributing to the ADHD phenotype and suggest the value of cross-method convergence in evaluating pathway analysis results.''

'''Nackaerts, K. et al. 1997. Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycan Expression In Human Lung-Cancer Cells. Int. J. Cancer (Pred. Oncol.): 74, 335–345 (1997) r 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc. &lt;nowiki&gt;https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Maurits_Demedts/publication/13997415_Heparan_sulfate_proteoglycan_expression_in_human_lung-cancer_cells/links/5600565108aeafc8ac8c7374.pdf&lt;/nowiki&gt;'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Nackaerts |first=Kris |last2=Verbeken |first2=Erik |last3=Deneffe |first3=Georges |last4=Vanderschueren |first4=Bernadette |last5=Demedts |first5=Maurits |last6=David |first6=Guido |date=1997-07-01 |title=Heparan sulfate proteoglycan expression in human lung-cancer cells |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/13997415_Heparan_sulfate_proteoglycan_expression_in_human_lung-cancer_cells |journal=International journal of cancer. Journal international du cancer |volume=74 |pages=335–45 |doi=10.1002/(SICI)1097-0215(19970620)74:33.3.CO;2-4}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Heparan sulfate (HS) functions as a co-factor in several signal-transduction systems that affect cellular growth, differentiation, adhesion and motility. HS, therefore, may also play a role in the malignant transformation of cells, tumor growth, cell invasiveness and the formation of tumor metastases. Our results suggest that poorly differentiated lung tumors have markedly altered patterns of HSPG expression, which may contribute to their invasive phenotype. Int. J. Cancer 74:335– 345, 1997.''

'''Nencini Sara , Ivanusic Jason J. The Physiology of Bone Pain. How Much Do We Really Know? Frontiers in Physiology. Volume 7 - 2016.''' '''&lt;nowiki&gt;https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/physiology/articles/10.3389/fphys.2016.00157&lt;/nowiki&gt;. DOI=10.3389/fphys.2016.00157. ISSN=1664-042X'''&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt; ''Pain is associated with most bony pathologies. Clinical and experimental observations suggest that bone pain can be derived from noxious stimulation of the periosteum or bone marrow Whilst these provide some clues as to the way information about bone pain is centrally coded, they need to be expanded to further our understanding of other central territories involved.''

'''Otsu, K.; Kato, S.; Ohtake, K.; Akamatsu, N. Alteration of rat liver proteoglycans during regeneration. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 1992, 294, 544–549. Alteration of rat liver proteoglycans during regeneration - PubMed (nih.gov)'''''. Heparan sulfates (HS) are probably the major GAGs present on the surface of hepatocytes under normal conditions. Nevertheless, HSPGs expression increases during liver regeneration. Using [35S] sulfuric acid incorporation, Otsu et al. showed that, in the hepatic regeneration phase after hepatectomy, the synthesis of heparin sulfate proteoglycans, and to a lesser extent, of chondroitin/dermatan sulfate proteoglycans, increases up to 3–5 days and is temporally shifted compared to the stage of maximum mitosis that occurs 1–2 days following the surgical procedure [94].'' 

'''Otsuka, T., Phan, A.Q., Laurencin, C.T. et al. Identification of Heparan-Sulfate Rich Cells in the Loose Connective Tissues of the Axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum) with the Potential to Mediate Growth Factor Signaling during Regeneration. Regen. Eng. Transl. Med. 6, 7–17 (2020). &lt;nowiki&gt;https://doi.org/10.1007/s40883-019-00140-3&lt;/nowiki&gt; &lt;nowiki&gt;https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40883-019-00140-3&lt;/nowiki&gt;'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Otsuka |first=T. |last2=Phan |first2=A. Q. |last3=Laurencin |first3=C. T. |last4=Esko |first4=J. D. |last5=Bryant |first5=S. V. |last6=Gardiner |first6=D. M. |date=2020-03 |title=Identification of Heparan-Sulfate Rich Cells in the Loose Connective Tissues of the Axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum) with the Potential to Mediate Growth Factor Signaling during Regeneration |url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s40883-019-00140-3 |journal=Regenerative Engineering and Translational Medicine |language=en |volume=6 |issue=1 |pages=7–17 |doi=10.1007/s40883-019-00140-3 |issn=2364-4133 |pmc=7971174 |pmid=33748405}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''. We hypothesized that there are cells in the axolotl that synthesize specific HSPGs that control growth factor signaling in time and space. Given their high level of HSPG expression, their stellate morphology, and their distribution throughout the loose connective tissues, we refer to these as the positional information GRID (Groups that are Regenerative, Interspersed and Dendritic) cells.''

'''Parish, C., 2005. Heparan sulfate and inflammation. Nature Immunology 6(9):861-2 ·  October. &lt;nowiki&gt;https://www.researchgate.net/publication/7645220_Heparan_sulfate_and_inflammation&lt;/nowiki&gt;.'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Parish |first=Christopher |date=2005-10-01 |title=Heparan sulfate and inflammation |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/7645220_Heparan_sulfate_and_inflammation |journal=Nature immunology |volume=6 |pages=861–2 |doi=10.1038/ni0905-861}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Entry of leukocytes into tissues is a key feature of inflammation. New data suggest the polysaccharide heparan sulfate is required for several stages of this entry process.''

'''Park, P.J, and D. Shukla. Role of heparan sulfate in ocular diseases, Experimental Eye Research, Volume 110, 2013, Pages 1-9, ISSN 0014-4835, &lt;nowiki&gt;https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exer.2013.01.015&lt;/nowiki&gt;.'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Park |first=Paul J. |last2=Shukla |first2=Deepak |date=2013-05-01 |title=Role of heparan sulfate in ocular diseases |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0014483513000274 |journal=Experimental Eye Research |volume=110 |pages=1–9 |doi=10.1016/j.exer.2013.01.015 |issn=0014-4835 |pmc=3638857 |pmid=23410824}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Abstract: Heparan sulfate (HS), a ubiquitous and structurally diverse cell surface polysaccharide and extracellular matrix component, is a factor common to several major eye pathologies. Its multitude of functions and variable distribution among the different ocular tissues makes it an important contributor to a variety of disease states. Although HS facilitates the pathogenesis of many disorders, its role in each varies. Unique functions of HS have been particularly noted in viral and bacterial keratitis and age-related macular degeneration.'' 

'''Pérez, C., Sawmiller, D. &amp; Tan, J. The role of heparan sulfate deficiency in autistic phenotype: potential involvement of Slit/Robo/srGAPs-mediated dendritic spine formation. Neural Dev 11, 11 (2016). &lt;nowiki&gt;https://doi.org/10.1186/s13064-016-0066-x&lt;/nowiki&gt;''' &lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt; ''Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) are the second most common developmental cause of disability in the United States. The brains of ASD patients have marked structural abnormalities, in the form of increased dendritic spines and decreased long distance connections. These structural differences may be due to deficiencies in Heparin Sulfate (HS), a proteoglycan involved in a variety of neurodevelopmental processes. Through interference with this pathway, HS deficiency can lead to excess spine formation.''

'''Poli, Maura, Michela Asperti, Paola Ruzzenenti, Annamaria Naggi, and Paolo Arosio. 2017. &quot;Non-Anticoagulant Heparins Are Hepcidin Antagonists for the Treatment of Anemia&quot; Molecules 22, no. 4: 598. &lt;nowiki&gt;https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules22040598&lt;/nowiki&gt;'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Poli |first=Maura |last2=Asperti |first2=Michela |last3=Ruzzenenti |first3=Paola |last4=Naggi |first4=Annamaria |last5=Arosio |first5=Paolo |date=2017-04-08 |title=Non-Anticoagulant Heparins Are Hepcidin Antagonists for the Treatment of Anemia |url=https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/22/4/598 |journal=Molecules |language=en |volume=22 |issue=4 |pages=598 |doi=10.3390/molecules22040598 |issn=1420-3049 |pmc=6154463 |pmid=28397746}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''This review summarizes recent findings on the anti-hepcidin activity of heparins and their possible use for the treatment of anemia caused by hepcidin excess, including the anemia of chronic diseases.''

'''Russel A.L. and M.F.McCarty, 2000 Glucosamine for migraine prophylaxis?  Medical Hypotheses. Volume 55, Issue 3, September 2000, Pages 195-198. &lt;nowiki&gt;http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306987799910125&lt;/nowiki&gt;''' ''We postulate that supplemental glucosamine can boost mast cell heparin synthesis – perhaps correcting a functional heparin deficiency – thereby preventing or ameliorating the neurogenic inflammation that mediates pain in vascular headache. Whether or not this idea has validity, a controlled study of glucosamine for migraine prophylaxis appears to be warranted.''

'''Stringer, S.E. and Gallagher. 1997. Molecules in focus. Heparan sulphate. The International Journal of Biochemistry &amp; Cell Biology, Volume 29, Issue 5, 1997.''' ''Heparan sulphates, the N-sulphated polysaccharides components of proteoglycans, are common constituents of cell surfaces and the extracellular matrix. The diverse functions of heparan sulphate, which range from the control of blood coagulation to the regulation of cell growth and adhesion, depend on the capacity of the chains to activate protein ligands, such as antithrombin III and members of the fibroblast growth factor family. These properties are currently being exploited in the development of synthetic heparan sulphates as anticoagulants and promoters of wound healing. Conversely organic mimics of growth factor activating saccharides could possibly be designed to suppress tumour growth and prevent restenosis after coronary vessel angioplasty.''

'''Theoharides TC et al.  1999. Stress-induced rat intestinal mast cell intragranular activation and inhibitory effect of sulfated proteoglycans.  Digestive Diseases and Sciences [1999, 44 (8 Suppl):87S-93S]. Pages 709-714. &lt;nowiki&gt;http://europepmc.org/abstract/med/10490045&lt;/nowiki&gt;''' ''Cyclic vomiting syndrome is characterized by sudden episodes of vomiting and abdominal pain. It occurs primarily in children, is exacerbated by stress, and is often considered a migraine equivalent. Migraines have been linked to mast cells, which are often found close to neurons where they are activated by neuropeptides. We investigated the ultrastructural appearance of rat ileal brush border and mast cells following acute stress by immobilization.These results suggest the possible usefulness of chondroitin sulfate in conditions such as cyclic vomiting syndrome.''

'''Thompson, W.R. 2011. Perlecan modulates the function of the osteocyte lacuno-canalicular system. University of Delaware, ProQuest Dissertations Publishing, 2011. 3443246.''' ''In this study, along with my colleagues, I examined osteocyte lacunocanalicular morphology in mice deficient in the large heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG) PLN in this tissue. . . Ultrastructural measurements using electron micrograph images of PLN deficient mice demonstrate a significant decrease in osteocyte canalicular pericellular area, resulting from a reduction in the total canalicular area, when compared to controls. Additionally, PLN deficient mice show significantly diminished canalicular density and a significant reduction in the number of transverse tethering elements per canaliculus.''

'''van den Born J, van den Heuvel LP, Bakker MA, Veerkamp JH, Assmann KJ, Weening JJ, Berden JH., 1993. ''Distribution of GBM heparan sulfate proteoglycan core protein and side chains in human glomerular diseases.'' Kidney Int. 1993 Feb;43(2):454-63. &lt;nowiki&gt;http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8441243&lt;/nowiki&gt;'''  ''Using monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) recognizing either the core protein or the heparan sulfate (HS) side chain of human GBM heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG), we investigated their glomerular distribution on cryostat sections of human kidney tissues. In conclusion, major alterations were observed in the glomerular distribution of HS and HSPG-core in various human glomerulopathies. The mAbs can be useful to further delineate the significance of HSPG and HS for glomerular diseases.''

'''Vicente, Carolina Meloni, da Silva, Daiana Aparecida, Sartorio, Priscila Veronica, Silva, Tiago Donizetti, Saad, Sarhan Sydney, Nader, Helena Bonciani, Forones, Nora Manoukian, Toma, Leny, Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans in Human Colorectal Cancer, Analytical Cellular Pathology, 2018, 8389595, 10 pages, 2018.''' &lt;nowiki&gt;https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/8389595&lt;/nowiki&gt;'''  &lt;nowiki&gt;https://www.hindawi.com/journals/acp/2018/8389595/&lt;/nowiki&gt;''' ''Heparan sulfate proteoglycans are complex molecules present in the cell membrane and extracellular matrix, which play vital roles in cell adhesion, migration, proliferation, and signaling pathways. Heparan sulfate proteoglycans are candidate molecules to clarify colorectal cancer tumorigenesis, as well as important targets to therapy and diagnosis.''

'''Vlodavestky, I. et al. 2007. Heparanase: Structure, Biological Functions, and Inhibition by Heparin-Derived Mimetics of Heparan Sulfate. Current Pharmaceutical Design, Volume 13, Number 20, July 2007, pp. 2057-2073(17). &lt;nowiki&gt;http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/ben/cpd/2007/00000013/00000020/art00004&lt;/nowiki&gt;''' ''Heparanase is an endoglycosidase which cleaves heparan sulfate (HS) and hence participates in degradation and remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Heparanase is preferentially expressed in human tumors and its over-expression in tumor cells confers an invasive phenotype in experimental animals. These observations and the unexpected identification of a single functional heparanase, suggest that the enzyme is a promising target for anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory drug development.''

'''Weihua T. et al. 2002. Heparanase: A Key Enzyme in Invasion and Metastasis of Gastric Carcinoma.Mod Pathol 2002;15(6):593–59. &lt;nowiki&gt;http://www.nature.com/modpathol/journal/v15/n6/abs/3880571a.html&lt;/nowiki&gt;''' ''Previous reports have shown that the biochemical activity of heparanase is significantly correlated with the invasion and metastasis of malignant cells in vitro.'' ''It was concluded that heparanase might play an important role in the development of invasion and metastasis of the gastric cancer. It was indicated that patients with heparanase-positive gastric carcinoma would have a greater chance of metastasis with a poor prognosis.''

'''Whitelock John M. and Renato V. Iozzo, 2005. H''eparan Sulfate:  A Complex Polymer Charged with Biological Activity''. Chem. Rev., 2005, 105 (7), pp 2745–2764. &lt;nowiki&gt;http://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/cr0102&lt;/nowiki&gt;''' ''  “HS is a complex and highly active biopolymer…” one section is on heparan sulfate therapies,''

'''Yan Yin, Adam Wang, Li Feng, Yu Wang, Hong Zhang, Ivy Zhang, Brent M Bany, Liang Ma, Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycan Sulfation Regulates Uterine Differentiation and Signaling During Embryo Implantation, Endocrinology, Volume 159, Issue 6, June 2018, Pages 2459–2472, &lt;nowiki&gt;https://doi.org/10.1210/en.2018-00105&lt;/nowiki&gt;'''  ''One important modulator of these signaling pathways is the cell surface and extracellular matrix macromolecules, heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs). HSPGs play crucial roles in signal transduction by regulating morphogen transport and ligand binding. In this study, we examine the role of HSPG sulfation in regulating uterine receptivity…''

'''Zhongjun Zhou et al. 2004.  Impaired Angiogenesis, Delayed Wound Healing and Retarded Tumor Growth in Perlecan Heparan Sulfate-Deficient Mice. DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-04-0810 Published July 2004. &lt;nowiki&gt;http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/64/14/4699&lt;/nowiki&gt;.''' ''Perlecan, a modular proteoglycan carrying primary heparan sulfate (HS) side chains, is a major component of blood vessel basement membranes.Perlecan HS-deficient (Hspg2Δ3/Δ3) mice survived embryonic development and were apparently healthy as adults. However, mutant mice exhibited significantly delayed wound healing, retarded FGF-2-induced tumor growth, and defective angiogenesis.''

'''Zhu W, Li J, Liang G. How does cellular heparan sulfate function in viral pathogenicity? Biomed Environ Sci. 2011 Feb;24(1):81-7. doi: 10.3967/0895-3988.2011.01.011. PMID: 2144084'''4. ''Heparan sulfate (HS) is ubiquitously expressed on the surfaces and in the extracellular matrix of virtually all cell types, making it an ideal receptor for viral infection. Understanding how heparan sulfate functions during virus infection in vivo may prove critical for elucidating the molecular mechanism of viral pathogenesis, and may contribute to the development of therapeutics targeting HS''.

== Case studies ==
'''Ahn, YS., Kim, S., Kim, WJ. et al. Characteristics of hip impingement syndrome in patients with multiple hereditary exostoses. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 22, 153 (2021). &lt;nowiki&gt;https://doi.org/10.1186/s12891-021-04021-1&lt;/nowiki&gt;'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Ahn |first=Yeong-Seub |last2=Kim |first2=Sungmin |last3=Kim |first3=Woo-Jong |last4=Lim |first4=Jun-Hyuk |last5=Jung |first5=Sung-Taek |date=2021-02-06 |title=Characteristics of hip impingement syndrome in patients with multiple hereditary exostoses |url=https://doi.org/10.1186/s12891-021-04021-1 |journal=BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders |language=en |volume=22 |issue=1 |pages=153 |doi=10.1186/s12891-021-04021-1 |issn=1471-2474 |pmc=7868013 |pmid=33549073}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Between 2001 and 2019, total 51 patients (102 hips) were evaluated in this study. Patients with MHE were classified to femoro-acetabular impingement (FAI) symptom group, ischio-femoral impingement (IFI) symptom group and non-impingement symptom group by comparing the symptoms, clinical signs and imaging studies.'' 

'''Albokhari, Daniah, Christopher R. Bailey, Francis Hwang, Clifford R. Weiss, Jonathan Forsberg, Nara Sobreira.  2023. Venous malformation may be a feature of EXT1-related hereditary multiple exostoses: A report of two unrelated probands.  American Journal of Medical Genetics.''' '' ''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Albokhari |first=Daniah |last2=Bailey |first2=Christopher R. |last3=Hwang |first3=Francis |last4=Weiss |first4=Clifford R. |last5=Forsberg |first5=Jonathan |last6=Sobreira |first6=Nara |date=2023 |title=Venous malformation may be a feature of EXT1-related hereditary multiple exostoses: A report of two unrelated probands |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/ajmg.a.63158 |journal=American Journal of Medical Genetics Part A |language=en |volume=191 |issue=6 |pages=1570–1575 |doi=10.1002/ajmg.a.63158 |issn=1552-4833}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Report two unrelated probands that presented with a clinical and molecular diagnosis of HME with venous malformation, a clinical feature not previously reported in individuals with HME.''

'''Anel-Quimpo, Joselynna, Mark Anthony Santiago Sandoval, Frances Lina Lantion-Ang, 2011. Hypercalcaemia from genitourinary tuberculosis in a female with multiple exostoses. BMJ Journals. &lt;nowiki&gt;https://casereports.bmj.com/content/2011/bcr.12.2010.3651&lt;/nowiki&gt;.'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Anel-Quimpo |first=Joselynna |last2=Sandoval |first2=Mark Anthony Santiago |last3=Lantion-Ang |first3=Frances Lina |date=2011-05-17 |title=Hypercalcaemia from genitourinary tuberculosis in a female with multiple exostoses |url=https://casereports.bmj.com/content/2011/bcr.12.2010.3651 |journal=BMJ Case Reports |language=en |volume=2011 |pages=bcr1220103651 |doi=10.1136/bcr.12.2010.3651 |issn=1757-790X}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''The authors present a puzzling case of nephrolithiasis, hypercalcaemia, amenorrhoea, short stature and gross skeletal deformities in a 30-year-old female. Multiple pituitary hormone deficiency and metabolic bone disease were initially considered but were eventually excluded. The final diagnosis is genitourinary tuberculosis (TB) which caused the hypercalcaemia, nephrolithiasis and amenorrhoea, and also found to have the syndrome of multiple exostoses which explained the gross skeletal deformities and the short stature. After treatment with anti-TB therapy, there was resolution of hypercalcaemia and return of regular menstruation. The short stature and gross skeletal deformities remain as part of the congenital syndrome.''

'''Bari MS, Jahangir Alam MM, Chowdhury FR, Dhar PB, Begum A. 2012. Hereditary multiple exostoses causing cord compression. J Coll Physicians Surg Pak 22:797–799.'''&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;''' ''' ''Neurological presentations are rare and usually happened due to direct compression of a peripheral nerve or nerve root or less often the spinal cord. This case is possibly the first case of HME described from Bangladesh, presented with dorsal cord compression. Decompression was done and the complaints of myelopathy were improved.''

'''Caino, Silvia, Marisa Angelica Cubilla, Romina Alba, María Gabriela Obregón, Virginia Fano, Abel Gómez, Lorena Zecchini, Pablo Lapunzina, Miriam Aza-Carmona, Karen E. Heath, and et al. 2022. &quot;Clinical and Genetic Analysis of Multiple Osteochondromas in a Cohort of Argentine Patients&quot; Genes 13, no. 11: 2063.''' '''&lt;nowiki&gt;https://doi.org/10.3390/genes13112063&lt;/nowiki&gt;'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Caino |first=Silvia |last2=Cubilla |first2=Marisa Angelica |last3=Alba |first3=Romina |last4=Obregón |first4=María Gabriela |last5=Fano |first5=Virginia |last6=Gómez |first6=Abel |last7=Zecchini |first7=Lorena |last8=Lapunzina |first8=Pablo |last9=Aza-Carmona |first9=Miriam |last10=Heath |first10=Karen E. |last11=Asteggiano |first11=Carla Gabriela |date=2022-11-07 |title=Clinical and Genetic Analysis of Multiple Osteochondromas in a Cohort of Argentine Patients |url=https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4425/13/11/2063 |journal=Genes |language=en |volume=13 |issue=11 |pages=2063 |doi=10.3390/genes13112063 |issn=2073-4425 |pmc=9690389 |pmid=36360300}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Multiple Osteochondromatosis (MO, MIM 133700 &amp; 133701), an autosomal dominant O-glycosylation disorder (EXT1/EXT2-CDG), can be associated with a reduction in skeletal growth, bony deformity, restricted joint motion, shortened stature and pathogenic variants in two tumor suppressor genes, EXT1 and EXT2. In this work, we report a cross-sectional study including 35 index patients and 20 affected family members. Clinical phenotyping of all 55 affected cases was obtained, but genetic studies were performed only in 35 indexes.''

'''Hariri O, Al Laham O, Ibrahim Basha Z, Ghannam E, Ghannam M, Mohammad A. Multiple Hereditary Exostoses instigating a popliteal pseudoaneurysm in a young Middle Eastern male: A case report and literature review. Int J Surg Case Rep. 2024 Apr 12;118:109633. doi: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2024.109633. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 38626641; PMCID: PMC11035074.'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Hariri |first=Omar |last2=Al Laham |first2=Omar |last3=Ibrahim Basha |first3=Zein |last4=Ghannam |first4=Eman |last5=Ghannam |first5=Mohammad |last6=Mohammad |first6=Ammar |date=2024-05 |title=Multiple Hereditary Exostoses instigating a popliteal pseudoaneurysm in a young Middle Eastern male: A case report and literature review |url=https://journals.lww.com/10.1016/j.ijscr.2024.109633 |journal=International Journal of Surgery Case Reports |language=en |volume=118 |issue=C |doi=10.1016/j.ijscr.2024.109633 |issn=2210-2612 |pmc=11035074 |pmid=38626641}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''We present the case of a 37-year-old Middle Eastern male with Multiple Hereditary Exostoses who experienced sudden-onset left lower limb pain persisting for a month prior to admission. It was associated with coldness and paresthesia of the ipsilateral lower limb. The presurgical radiological workup uncovered a popliteal pseudoaneurysm subsequent to Multiple Hereditary Exostoses.''

'''Kambouris, M., Fadda A, Al-Arraj, Y, et al., 2016. Putative Relation Between Autism Spectrum Disease &amp; Hereditary Multiple Exostosis Investigated by Whole Genome Sequencing &amp; Comparative Genome Analyses in a Family with ASD and HME with EXT-1 Mutations''' ''A family with two male children affected with ASD and HME as well as an unaffected female child, was studied to identify the Genetic basis of ASD in the family and the possible relation between ASD &amp; HME. The HME unaffected parent [mother] contributed heterozygous variants in the Heparan Sulfate biosynthesis pathway that in synergy with the EXT-1 mutation could be the genetic causes of ASD in the family.''

'''Kim, Min Jeong, Yunjin Lee, Sang Ook Nam, Young Mi Kim, 2021. An 8q24.11q24.13 Microdeletion Encompassing EXT1 in a Boy with Autistic Spectrum Disorder, Intellectual Disability, and Multiple Hereditary Exostoses. Annals of Child Neurology. Letter to the Editor, 11/9/2021.''' ''Here, we describe the case of a boy with a microdeletion (8q24.11q24.13 [118,625,768-124,169,620]×1), who presented with autism, intellectual disability, and MHE. the parents signed informed consent and approved the anonymous use of clinical and molecular data for the present diagnostic study'''''.'''

'''Küçükesmen, Çiḡdem DDS, PhD, Buḡra Özen, DDS, PhD,b and Mustafa Akçam, DDS, PhDc, 1997. Multiple Hereditary Osteochondromatosis: A Case Report. Eur J Dent. 2007 Jul; 1(3): 183–187.&lt;nowiki&gt;https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih&lt;/nowiki&gt;.''' ''Common carious lesions owing to vomiting are not widespread in children. In this case, we aimed to report an 11-years-old male patient with common carious lesions due to repeated vomitings, chewing and eating difficulty and retarded growth with Multiple Hereditary Osteochondromatosis (MHO).''

'''Li H, Yamagata T, Mori M, Momoi MY. 2002.Association of autism in two patients with hereditary multiple exostoses caused by novel deletion mutations of EXT1. J Hum Genet 2002;47:262-5. &lt;nowiki&gt;https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12032595/&lt;/nowiki&gt;.'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Li |first=Hung |last2=Yamagata |first2=Takanori |last3=Mori |first3=Masato |last4=Momoi |first4=Mariko Y. |date=2002 |title=Association of autism in two patients with hereditary multiple exostoses caused by novel deletion mutations of EXT1 |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12032595 |journal=Journal of Human Genetics |volume=47 |issue=5 |pages=262–265 |doi=10.1007/s100380200036 |issn=1434-5161 |pmid=12032595}}&lt;/ref&gt;''  Two boys from separate families presented with hereditary multiple exostoses (EXT) and autism associated with mental retardation.'' 

'''Malagón, V., 2001.  Development of Hip Dysplasia in Hereditary Multiple Exostosis. Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics, 21(2): 205-211.  &lt;nowiki&gt;https://journals.lww.com/pedorthopaedics/Abstract/2001/03000/Development_of_Hip_Dysplasia_in_Hereditary.14.aspx&lt;/nowiki&gt;''.'''''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Development of Hip Dysplasia in Hereditary... : Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics |url=https://www.ovid.com/jnls/pedorthopaedics/fulltext/01241398-200103000-00014~development-of-hip-dysplasia-in-hereditary-multiple |access-date=2026-07-16 |website=Ovid |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''In approximately 25% of patients with hereditary multiple exostosis, there is an abnormal osteochondral formation localized in the femoral proximal metaphysis. Although this entity is rather frequent and quite severe, it is rarely found in the medical literature. The author describes six private cases, taken from a total of 24,000 patients (0.25/1000) as examples of this entity, and provides a review of the literature.'' 

'''Mazza, D., Fabbri, M., Calderaro, C., Iorio, C., Labianca, L., Poggi, C., Turturro, F., Montanaro, A., &amp; Ferretti, A. (2017). Chest pain caused by multiple exostoses of the ribs: A case report and a review of literature. World journal of orthopedics, 8(5), 436–440. https://doi.org/10.5312/wjo.v8.i5.436&lt;nowiki/&gt;.'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Mazza |first=Daniele |last2=Fabbri |first2=Mattia |last3=Calderaro |first3=Cosma |last4=Iorio |first4=Carlo |last5=Labianca |first5=Luca |last6=Poggi |first6=Camilla |last7=Turturro |first7=Francesco |last8=Montanaro |first8=Antonello |last9=Ferretti |first9=Andrea |date=2017 |title=Chest pain caused by multiple exostoses of the ribs: A case report and a review of literature |url=http://www.wjgnet.com/2218-5836/full/v8/i5/436.htm |journal=World Journal of Orthopedics |language=en |volume=8 |issue=5 |pages=436 |doi=10.5312/wjo.v8.i5.436 |issn=2218-5836 |pmc=5434351 |pmid=28567348}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''An exceptional case of multiple internal exostoses of the ribs in a young patient affected by multiple hereditary exostoses (MHE) coming to our observation for chest pain as the only symptom of an intra-thoracic localization. The computed tomography (CT) scan revealed the presence of three exostoses located on the left third, fourth and sixth ribs, all protruding into the thoracic cavity, directly in contact with visceral pleura. Moreover, the apex of the one located on the sixth rib revealed to be only 12 mm away from pericardium.'' 

'''Montgomery BK, Cahan EM, Frick S. Spinal Screening MRI Trends in Patients with Multiple Hereditary Exostoses: National Survey- PubMed''' '''. Cureus. 2019 Dec 23;11(12):e6452. doi: 10.7759/cureus.6452. PMID: 32010535; PMCID: PMC6975245'''''.''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Montgomery |first=Blake K |last2=Cahan |first2=Eli M |last3=Frick |first3=Steve |date=2019-12-23 |title=Spinal Screening MRI Trends in Patients with Multiple Hereditary Exostoses: National Survey |url=https://www.cureus.com/articles/23789-spinal-screening-mri-trends-in-patients-with-multiple-hereditary-exostoses-national-survey |journal=Cureus |language=en |doi=10.7759/cureus.6452 |issn=2168-8184 |pmc=6975245 |pmid=32010535}}&lt;/ref&gt;  ''Background Multiple hereditary exostoses (MHE) is a rare disease characterized by multiple osteochondromas. Osteochondromas growing into the spinal canal can produce devastating consequences, including permanent neurologic deficits and even death.  This study presents a case of an intracanal osteochondroma at C1 identified by routine screening and a survey describing current practices of MHE experts.''

'''Narvid, J., M. L. Gorno-Tempini, A. Slavotinek, S. J. DeArmond, Y. H. Cha, B. L. Miller &amp; K. Rankin, 2009. Of brain and bone: The unusual case of Dr. A. Neurocase Vol. 15, Iss. 3, 2009.''' '''&lt;nowiki&gt;http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13554790802632967&lt;/nowiki&gt;'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Narvid |first=J. |last2=Gorno-Tempini |first2=M. L. |last3=Slavotinek |first3=A. |last4=DeArmond |first4=S. J. |last5=Cha |first5=Y. H. |last6=Miller |first6=B. L. |last7=Rankin |first7=K. |date=2009-06-01 |title=Of brain and bone: The unusual case of Dr. A |url=https://doi.org/10.1080/13554790802632967 |journal=Neurocase |volume=15 |issue=3 |pages=190–205 |doi=10.1080/13554790802632967 |issn=1355-4794 |pmc=2997763 |pmid=20183548}}&lt;/ref&gt;''. Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is a clinical syndrome characterized by progressive decline in social conduct and a focal pattern of frontal and temporal lobe damage. Its biological basis is still poorly understood but the focality of the brain degeneration provides a powerful model to study the cognitive and anatomical basis of social cognition. Here, we present Dr. A, a patient with a rare hereditary bone disease (hereditary multiple exostoses) and FTD (pathologically characterized as Pick's disease),  This case provides new evidence regarding the neural basis of social cognition and suggests a possible genetic link between bone disease and FTD.''

'''Puiu1, Maria , Iulia Simina-Jurca, Simona Dumitriu, Smaranda Arghirescu,  Adela Chirita-Emandi,  2012. . Multiple Hereditary Exostoses - Clinical Features and Management.''' ''We report two cases of skeletally immature patients who presented with multiple exostoses, bone deformation without bone pain; and growth and pubertal retardation. The cases need adequate counseling, long-term follow-up, and measures to improve the quality of life of patients with multiple hereditary exostoses.''

'''Stitzman Wengrowicz, M.L., J  Pretell-Mazzini,  J.P. Dormans, R.S. Davidson, 2011.. Regression of a Sessile Osteochondroma: A Case Study and Review of the Literature.''' ''&lt;nowiki&gt;https://www.researchgate.net/publication/267426996_Regression_of_a_Sessile_Osteochondroma_A_Case_Study_and_Review_of_the_Literature&lt;/nowiki&gt; . The most common benign bone tumor is osteochondroma.  Its natural history is poorly understood as a consequence of its benign symptomatology in most cases. It typically grows in childhood and growth during adulthood can be a sign of malignant  degeneration. We present  a case of  spontaneous regression of  a solitary osteochondroma.  A review of the  current  literature which  reveals 21  other cases of  spontaneous regression  of solitary  osteochondromas is also discussed. We believe that the possibility of regression of solitary osteochondromas should be taken into account when considering surgical excision.''

'''Viala P, Vanel D, Larbi A, Cyteval C, Laredo JD. Bilateral ischiofemoral impingement in a patient with hereditary multiple exostoses. Skeletal Radiol. 2012;41:1637–40. [PubMed] &lt;nowiki&gt;https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22865159/&lt;/nowiki&gt;.'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Viala |first=Pierre |last2=Vanel |first2=Daniel |last3=Larbi |first3=Ahmed |last4=Cyteval |first4=Catherine |last5=Laredo |first5=Jean-Denis |date=2012-12 |title=Bilateral ischiofemoral impingement in a patient with hereditary multiple exostoses |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22865159 |journal=Skeletal Radiology |volume=41 |issue=12 |pages=1637–1640 |doi=10.1007/s00256-012-1488-0 |issn=1432-2161 |pmid=22865159}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''We report a case of bilateral ischiofemoral impingement in a patient with hereditary multiple exostoses. The association of exostoses and femoral metaphyseal widening resulted in the narrowing of the ischiofemoral spaces.''

'''Wang YZ, Park KW, Oh CS, Ahn YS, Kang QL, Jung ST, Song HR. Developmental pattern of the hip in patients with hereditary multiple exostoses. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2015;16:54'''''.'' '''https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4429362/&lt;nowiki/&gt;.'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Wang |first=Ya-Zhou |last2=Park |first2=Kwang-Won |last3=Oh |first3=Chang-Seon |last4=Ahn |first4=Yeong-Seub |last5=Kang |first5=Qing-Lin |last6=Jung |first6=Sung-Taek |last7=Song |first7=Hae-Ryong |date=2015-03-15 |title=Developmental pattern of the hip in patients with hereditary multiple exostoses |url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4429362/ |journal=BMC musculoskeletal disorders |volume=16 |pages=54 |doi=10.1186/s12891-015-0514-5 |issn=1471-2474 |pmc=4429362 |pmid=25888017}}&lt;/ref&gt; '''C'''''oxa valga is a common clinical feature of hereditary multiple exostoses (HME). The current study aimed to determine the unique developmental pattern of the hip in patients with HME and evaluate the factors that influence its progression.''

'''Wiater JM, Farley FA. Popliteal pseudoaneurysm caused by an adjacent osteochondroma: a case report and review of the literature. Am J Orthop (Belle Mead NJ). 1999 Jul;28(7):412-6. PMID: 10426440.'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Wiater |first=J. M. |last2=Farley |first2=F. A. |date=1999-07 |title=Popliteal pseudoaneurysm caused by an adjacent osteochondroma: a case report and review of the literature |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10426440 |journal=American Journal of Orthopedics |volume=28 |issue=7 |pages=412–416 |issn=1078-4519 |pmid=10426440}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''A male 17-year-old with multiple hereditary exostoses presented with a mass in the distal left thigh several days after lifting weights. An arteriogram showed a popliteal artery pseudoaneurysm adjacent to a femoral osteochondroma. The osteochondroma was excised and the artery was repaired with a saphenous vein interposition graft. A review of the literature identified 23 similar reports. The average age of the patients was 21.3 years. Seventy-eight percent were men and half of the patients had multiple hereditary exostoses. Ten patients were initially misdiagnosed. The clinician should consider the diagnosis of pseudoaneurysm in a young patient with an osteochondroma and a mass about the knee.''

'''Zaijun L, Xinhai Y, Zhipeng W, Wending H, Quan H, Zhenhua Z, Dapeng F, Jisheng Z, Wei Z, Jianru X. 2013. Outcome and prognosis of myelopathy and radiculopathy from osteochondroma in the mobile spine: a report on 14 patients. J Spinal Disord Tech 26:194–199.''' ''Fourteen symptomatic spinal osteochondroma (OC)  cases, including 2 hereditary multiple exostoses, were treated surgically from 2001 to 2010.''

= People and books with HME: =
[[w:Deena_Larsen|Deena Larsen]] wrote about her mother at http://www.deenalarsen.net/firs

Irv Rosenfeld wrote about his experiences with medical marijuana from the U.S. government in My Medicine.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=MY MEDICINE |url=https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/22078567-my-medicine |access-date=2026-07-15 |website=Goodreads |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

= Spanish Translation =


Problemas de deficiencia de proteoglicano de sulfato de heparán (HSPG). La MHE es el resultado de una mutación en los genes EXT1 y EXT2. Los pacientes con MHE tienen una biosíntesis de HSPG defectuosa: sus cuerpos no producen HSPG (cf Cueller et al. 2013 y Jones et al. 2014). Los HSPG son parte de cada superficie celular y regulan los procesos biológicos (cf Zak et al. 2002, Meneghetti et al. 2015). Desempeñan un papel vital en la adhesión, migración, crecimiento y comunicación celular (Vicente et al. 2018). Whitlock e Iozzo (2005) han identificado varias enfermedades relacionadas con la ausencia de HSPG (es decir, si un proceso corporal requiere HSPG y no hay suficiente HSPG para completar esa función, entonces podrían ocurrir estos problemas). Los pacientes con MHE han reportado síntomas como:

* Baja masa ósea (Nozawa et al. 2018 y Matsumoto et al. 2020)
* Deficiencias neurológicas: Trastorno del espectro autista (Li et al, 2002, Fumitoshi et al. 2012, Irie et al, 2012, Yamaguchi 2012, Perez et al. 2015, Kambouris et al. 2016, Kim et al 2022); y problemas cognitivos (Farhan et al. 2015)
* Demencia frontotemporal (Narvid et al. 2009) y TDAH (Mooney et al. 2016), función cerebral (Condomitti y Wit 2018). Vea también el vídeo de ratones MHE en &lt;nowiki&gt;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6-EXRt_YL6A&lt;/nowiki&gt;.
* Enfermedades oculares (Park y Shukla, 2013)
* Defectos dentales (Kucukesmen et al. 2007 y Wiweger et al. 2012)
* Prediabetes (Heibert 2021)Diabetes y dificultad para controlar la glucosa (Matsuzawa 2021)
* Reacciones medicamentosas inusuales (muchos medicamentos actúan sobre el dominio de unión del heparán [Boer y Gaillard 2007]) 
* Fatiga severa y continua (Berg et al. 1999)
* Problemas gástricos graves, incluidas úlceras no causadas por H. pylori (Ascencio et al. 1993 y Chmiela et al. 1995), cáncer gástrico (Weihua et al. 2002) y síndrome de vómitos cíclicos (Kucukesmen et al. 2007 y Theoharides et al. 1999)
* Cálculos renales y otros problemas (véase Van den Born et al. 1993 y Farhan et al. 2015)
* Vértigo e hiperacusia (Lundberg et al., 2014) y migrañas
* Problemas pulmonares (Nackerts et al. 1997 y Haeger et al. 2016)
* Anemia (Poli et al. 2017), coágulos sanguíneos y coagulación (Stringer y Gallagher 1997 y Ho et al. 1997), pseudoaneurismas (Wiater y Farley 1996 y Harari et al. 2024)
* Problemas menstruales y de embarazo extremadamente dolorosos (Alphin et al. 1988, Yin et al. 2018)
* Inflamación (Parroquia 2005); cicatrización lenta de heridas (Zhongjun et al. 2004); cicatrices y queloides (Hosalkar et al. 2007, y problemas del tejido conectivo (Forsberg y Kjellen, 2001 y Otsuka et al. 2020).
* Funciones hepáticas (Arnold et al. 2020 y Dituri et al. 2022)
* Funciones del colesterol y los lípidos (Kolsett y Salmverta 1999) y Síntesis de vitamina D (Cooper 2021)  '''Problemas de crecimiento óseo.''' En la MHE, la falta de HSPG hace que los pacientes desarrollen exostosis, que son tumores benignos en múltiples ubicaciones en todo el cuerpo (Brown 2008, Thompson 2011 y Mansouri et al. 2017). La gravedad (número y tamaño de los tumores y otras complicaciones) de la MHE varía de un paciente a otro. Las exostosis en sí mismas pueden causar numerosos problemas, incluidos: irritación de tendones y músculos que produce dolor y pérdida de movimiento, deformidad esquelética, baja estatura, discrepancia en la longitud de las extremidades, subluxaciones y deformidad angular. Los problemas directamente asociados con estas exostosis incluyen:

* Dolor crónico y problemas con la calidad de vida (Goud et al. 2012)
* Inflamación, respuestas inmunitarias (Callaghan et al. 2018 y Collins y Troeberg 2019)
* Formación de bursa y bursitis resultante, así como artritis de aparición temprana.
* Problemas respiratorios y pulmonares al estar sobre costillas que sobresalen hacia la cavidad torácica (Mazza et al. 2017)
* Irritación de un nervio cercano (dolor, debilidad, entumecimiento, hormigueo)
* Aneurisma de vasos sanguíneos por exostosis que presionan los vasos sanguíneos u otros problemas vasculares (Albokhari et al. 2023)
* Problemas de compresión de la médula espinal: incontinencia, daño nerv'''Résumé de la MEM pour les médecins et les écoles'''

== References ==</text>
      <sha1>313ue3ck5nu7a9dof2d6099tpbl0axm</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4680538</id>
      <parentid>4680515</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T17:44:49Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>LoveElectronicLiterature</username>
        <id>3414389</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Patient's voices */ added Irv Rosenfeld</comment>
      <origin>4680538</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="119226" sha1="7x7qdxf03iunrv5hznrjzb9sfomf2ls" xml:space="preserve">{{new book}}
[[W: Hereditary Multiple Exostoses|Hereditary Multiple Exostoses]] (HME) is a rare disease. It is also referred to as Multiple Hereditary Exostoses (MHE), Hereditary Multiple Osteochondromas (HMO), and Multiple Osteochondromas (MO). 

== Bone Issues ==
The first sign of HME is usually multiple bone tumors. See the online Multiple Osteochondromas Mutation Database  for an overview of the reported variants.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Jennes |first=Ivy |last2=Pedrini |first2=Elena |last3=Zuntini |first3=Monia |last4=Mordenti |first4=Marina |last5=Balkassmi |first5=Sahila |last6=Asteggiano |first6=Carla G. |last7=Casey |first7=Brett |last8=Bakker |first8=Bert |last9=Sangiorgi |first9=Luca |last10=Wuyts |first10=Wim |date=2009 |title=Multiple osteochondromas: mutation update and description of the multiple osteochondromas mutation database (MOdb) |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/humu.21123 |journal=Human Mutation |language=en |volume=30 |issue=12 |pages=1620–1627 |doi=10.1002/humu.21123 |issn=1098-1004}}&lt;/ref&gt;  In MHE, the lack of HSPG causes patients to develop exostoses, which are benign tumors in multiple locations throughout the body (Brown 2008, Thompson 2011, and Mansouri et al. 2017). The severity (number and size of tumors and other complications) for MHE varies from patient to patient. Exostoses themselves can cause numerous problems including: irritation of tendons and muscles resulting in pain and loss of motion, skeletal deformity, short stature, limb length discrepancy, subluxations, and angular deformity, with a chance for chondrosarcoma (Fei et al. 2018). Problems directly associated with these exostoses include:

* Chronic pain and issues with quality of life (Goud et al. 2012,&lt;ref name=&quot;:9&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Pain, Physical and Social Functioning, and... : Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery |url=https://www.ovid.com/jnls/jbjsjournal/fulltext/10.2106/jbjs.k.00406~pain-physical-and-social-functioning-and-quality-of-life-in |access-date=2026-07-16 |website=Ovid |language=en |doi=10.2106/JBJS.K.00406}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bathen et al. 2019, Tremorsini 2025)
* Inflammation, immune responses (Callaghan et al. 2018, Collins and Troeberg 2019)  
* Bursa formation (Rueda et al. 2025) and resulting bursitis as well as early onset arthritis 
* Breathing and lung issues when on ribs protruding into the thoracic cavity (Mazza et al. 2017)
*  Irritation of a nearby nerve (pain, weakness, numbness, tingling) 
*  Blood vessel aneurysm from exostoses pressing on blood vessels or other vascular problems (Albokhari et al. 2023)
* Spinal cord compression issues: incontinence, nerve damage and nerve problems associated with spinal tumors (Bari et al. 2012, Burki et al. 2011, Zaijun et al. 2013, Montgomery et al. 2019, and Monroig-Rivera et al. 2025)

== List of associated issues ==
'''Heparan Sulfate ProteoGlycan (HSPG) Deficiency Issues.''' MHE results from a mutation in the EXT1 and EXT2 genes.  MHE patients have defective HSPG biosynthesis--their bodies do not produce HSPG ('''cf''' Cueller et al. 2013, Jones et al,. 2014, and Pacifici et al. 2019&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Pacifici |first=Maurizio |date=2018-10 |title=The pathogenic roles of heparan sulfate deficiency in hereditary multiple exostoses |url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6015767/ |journal=Matrix Biology: Journal of the International Society for Matrix Biology |volume=71-72 |pages=28–39 |doi=10.1016/j.matbio.2017.12.011 |issn=1569-1802 |pmc=6015767 |pmid=29277722}}&lt;/ref&gt;).  HSPGs are part of every cell surface and regulate biological processes ( '''cf''' Zak et al. 2002, Meneghetti et al. 2015). HSPGs  play a vital role in cell adhesion, migration, growth, and communication (Bishop et al. 20017, Kempf et al 2017, Vicente et al. 2018). Whitlock and Iozzo (2005) have identified '''various diseases related to HSPG's absence''' (i.e., i'''f a body process requires HSPG and there is not enough HSPG to complete that function, then these issues could occur).  MHErs reported symptoms such as:'''

* Severe and continuing fatigue (Berg et al. 1999, Bathen 2019) 
* Neurological deficiencies: Autism Spectrum Disorder (Fumitoshi et al. 2012,  Irie et al, 2012, Yamaguchi 2012, Perez et al. 2015, Kambouris et al. 2016, Kim et al 2022); cognitive issues (Farhan et al. 2015); tremors (Aldunate et al. 2004). 
* Sleep disorders (Clark 2022, Chen 2023)
* Vertigo and hyperacusis (Lundberg et al., 2014) 
* Low bone mass (Nozawa et al. 2018 and Matsumoto et al. 2020) 
* Severe gastric issues  (Huang et al. 2018, Rueda et al. 2025) , including non ''H. Pylori'' ulcers (Ascencio et al. 1993 and Chmiela et al. 1995), gastric cancer (Weihua et al. 2002) and Cyclic Vomiting Syndrome (Kucukesmen et al. 2007)
* Fronto-temporal dementia (Narvid et al. 2009) and ADHD (Mooney et al. 2016), brain function (Condomitti and Wit 2018). Also see video of MHE mice at &lt;nowiki&gt;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6-EXRt_YL6A&lt;/nowiki&gt;.
* Eyesight/ocular diseases (Park and Shukla, 2013)
* Dental defects (Kucukesmen et al. 2007 and Wiweger et al. 2012)
* Prediabetes  (Heibert 2021)Diabetes and glucose difficulty (Matsuzawa 2021)
* Unusual drug reactions (many drugs act on heparan-binding domain [Boer and Gaillard 2007])
* Kidney stones and other problems (See Van den Born et al. 1993 and Farhan et al. 2015)
* Lung issues (Nackerts et al. 1997 and Haeger et al. 2016)
* Anemia (Poli et al. 2017), blood clots and coagulation (Stringer and Gallagher 1997 and Ho et al. 1997), psuedoaneurysms (Wiater and Farley 1996 and Harari et al. 2024)
* Extremely painful menstruation and pregnancy issues (Alphin et al. 1988, Yin et al. 2018)
* Inflammation (Parish 2005); slow wound healing (Zhongjun et al. 2004); scarring and keloids  (Hosalkar et al. 2007)
* Connective tissue issues (Forsberg and Kjellen, 2001 and Otsuka et al. 2020).
* Liver functions (Arnold et al. 2020 and Dituri et al. 2022)
* Cholesterol and lipid functions (Kolsett and Salmverta 1999)
* Deficient Vitamin D synthesis (Cooper 2021)

== Children's Corner ==

=== Teach your child to live with MHE ===
You just got a diagnosis for your child and you are terrified for their life.  Yeah, MHE sucks. And it is a life-long, untreatable disease. Sure you can have surgery, sure, physical therapy helps. But the underlying condition will be there every day for the rest of your life. So. How can you prepare your child to live successfully with MHE?

* '''Believe their pain.''' MHE can have some strange symptoms. Even the bones can subluxate (go in and out) within seconds, so the kid who could not walk two minutes ago is running now. Believe your child. Do not let the doctors gaslight you or your child into pretending that nothing is wrong.
* '''Let your child master their pain.''' Give your child as much control and autonomy as possible. Provide a &quot;pain corner&quot; with comfy pillows, their favorite toys, quiet activities, warmies or coolies. Let your child go to that pain area whenever they feel the need--when they are tired or in pain. This lets them regulate their own pain and functions. 
* '''Teach your child to brainstorm and plan around problems.''' Pain and limited mobility may limit certain options, but life still goes on. So when your child can not do something, brainstorm with them. Use your imaginations. You can not climb these steps. Ok, how can you get into the room? Can you slide on your butt? Should we get a giraffe from next door to help out? (Throw in silly suggestions because that expands their imagination and puts a bit of humor into the situation.) 

=== Advocate for your child with HME in schools ===
It is vital to advocate for your child so that they can work well in schools. Here are some suggested ways to ask for accommodations for this complex disease. Note that not every child will need all of these accommodations. 

My child has MHE, which involves bony bumps on their bones that can vary in size, location, and number as well as some neurological and other physical symptoms.Accommodations are needed for my child’s symptoms, which include:

*  '''Limited mobility.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Amajjar |first=Ihsane |last2=Vergauwen |first2=Kuni |last3=Willigenburg |first3=Nienke W. |last4=Huijnen |first4=Ivan P. J. |last5=Smeets |first5=Rob J. E. M. |last6=Ham |first6=S. John |date=2025-05-30 |title=Physical activity level and health-related quality of life in adults with multiple osteochondromas: a Dutch cross-sectional study |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-025-02812-3 |journal=Scientific Reports |language=en |volume=15 |issue=1 |pages=18990 |doi=10.1038/s41598-025-02812-3 |issn=2045-2322}}&lt;/ref&gt;''' Allow my child to participate in sports and in activities to the best of their abilities. When starting something new, allow my child to go last and ask my child privately if they can perform that action. If not, quietly allow them to pursue a different prearranged activity. Note that mobility changes daily and sometimes hourly, depending on the bone growth stages, whether muscle has moved over a bone growth,  or other complications.
*  '''Neurological symptoms'''. My child has Asperger-like and ADHD symptoms,&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Irie |first=Fumitoshi |last2=Badie-Mahdavi |first2=Hedieh |last3=Yamaguchi |first3=Yu |date=2012-03-27 |title=Autism-like socio-communicative deficits and stereotypies in mice lacking heparan sulfate |url=https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.1117881109 |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |volume=109 |issue=13 |pages=5052–5056 |doi=10.1073/pnas.1117881109}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Irie |first=Fumitoshi |last2=Badie-Mahdavi |first2=Hedieh |last3=Yamaguchi |first3=Yu |date=2012-03-27 |title=Autism-like socio-communicative deficits and stereotypies in mice lacking heparan sulfate |url=https://pnas.org/doi/full/10.1073/pnas.1117881109 |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |language=en |volume=109 |issue=13 |pages=5052–5056 |doi=10.1073/pnas.1117881109 |issn=0027-8424 |pmc=3323986 |pmid=22411800}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Pérez |first=Christine |last2=Sawmiller |first2=Darrell |last3=Tan |first3=Jun |date=2016-04-18 |title=The role of heparan sulfate deficiency in autistic phenotype: potential involvement of Slit/Robo/srGAPs-mediated dendritic spine formation |url=https://doi.org/10.1186/s13064-016-0066-x |journal=Neural Development |language=en |volume=11 |issue=1 |pages=11 |doi=10.1186/s13064-016-0066-x |issn=1749-8104 |pmc=4836088 |pmid=27089953}}&lt;/ref&gt; so please engage all measures for children on the spectrum as well as ADHD. Bone tumors on the spine can also create neurological issues.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Hereditary-multiple-exostoses-causing-cord-Bari-Alam/4687ea7d1225f1ecf4ecf4742a794f84576dce6d/figure/0 |access-date=2026-07-15 |website=www.semanticscholar.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; Please understand that bright lights or sound may cause pain or other issues. Please report any behavioral issues so that we can determine if MHE may be underlying these problems and we can address the issues with reasonable accommodations and an Individual Education Plan.
*  '''Frequent pain and fatigue&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Mitchell |first=Christina M. |last2=Beals |first2=Janette |last3=Whitesell |first3=Nancy Rumbaugh |last4=Voices of Indian Teens team |last5=Pathways of Choice team |date=2008-09 |title=Alcohol use among American Indian high school youths from adolescence and young adulthood: a latent Markov model |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18781241 |journal=Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs |volume=69 |issue=5 |pages=666–675 |issn=1937-1888 |pmc=2575396 |pmid=18781241}}&lt;/ref&gt;'''. If my child is in pain or is tired, allow them to rest in preplanned area with preplanned quiet activities (reading, watching an educational video, etc.). This area should be equipped with a heating pad and medication should be dispensed as agreed upon by me and the school.  
* '''Writing difficulties'''.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; My child may have extra bones on their wrists or hands, making writing painful. Please allow my child to use a computer.  Typing may be slow and please allow other software such as Dragon Naturally Speaking or Otter AI.
*  '''Coordination difficulties'''. My child may have neurological difficulties and problems coordinating eyesight. Please allow more time for tests if needed. Administer tests that require filling in bubbles in an alternative method.
* '''Incontinence/Vomiting'''. Please allow my child free access to the restroom without requiring a pass for sudden issues. Keep a spare set of clothing at the school in case of accidents.
* '''Hall passes.'''  Give my child access to the nurse and bathroom as they determine that they need to go. My child may have bathroom urgencies or need to get pain medication quickly. My child may also have a limb that has &quot;gone out&quot; or stopped working for a few seconds to a few days and will need to attend to that medical urgency. 

=== Advocation Laws and Directives ===
In U.S. cite Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act.


= How to Respond to Doctors =
There are suggested treatment protocols for MHE (see Rueda et al., 2025). However, MHE is a rare disease, and you will probably be the first patient that a medical practitioner has ever seen with this disease.  Try to be patient with the doctors and get doctors who work with you as a partner--you having lived with MHE do know a lot about your body! Ill-informed or too-busy doctors often rely on research that is outdated or inaccurate. Here are some common misconceptions that a doctor might tell you and how to respond. Before you go to the doctor, write out your questions. Take someone with you to take notes. Advocate for yourself! 

1.'''I have never seen an MHE patient. Surely this is just a bone condition!''' The condition involves much more than bone growths. MHErs do not biosynthesize heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPG), in much the same way that diabetics do not biosynthesize insulin (see Cueller et al. 2013 and Jones et al. 2014). Those HSPGs play a vital role in pretty much every single cell and every system in a human body (Bishop et al. 2017). Therefore, since I do not have sufficient levels of HSPG, I can have many different problems. Let's rule out anything comorbid (in other words, any other disease I might have at the same time). IF we can not find something to explain the cause of my symptoms of {REPEAT YOUR SYMPTOMS HERE} then we can blame the MHE and treat the symptoms.

'''2. You do not feel pain. It is just stress.'''  Bone does not have nerves, therefore there is no pain.  Even if that were true (which it is not--see Nencini and Ivanusic 2016&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Nencini |first=Sara |last2=Ivanusic |first2=Jason J. |date=2016-04-26 |title=The Physiology of Bone Pain. How Much Do We Really Know? |url=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/physiology/articles/10.3389/fphys.2016.00157/full |journal=Frontiers in Physiology |language=English |volume=7 |doi=10.3389/fphys.2016.00157 |issn=1664-042X |pmc=4844598 |pmid=27199772}}&lt;/ref&gt; for example ), then you wouldn't mind putting a stone in your shoe, right? Because the stone would not feel any pain. Oh, you wouldn't like that because it might hurt? Really? Ok. So I have an extra bone (LIKE A STONE) where there should only be muscle, nerve, and ligaments (LIKE A FOOT). For MHE-specific pain studies, see Darilek et al. 2005.

3. '''Your MHE did not cause x symptom.'''  I had one MHE patient (or read a case study) and they did not have x symptom, so therefore you do not have x symptom (or x symptom is unrelated). MHE is a rare and complex disease. Sometimes medical professionals will resort to explanations of hypochondria or Munchausens to explain away something that they do not understand. MHE is different for each patient, as there are different genetic mutations (EXT1, EXT2, EXT3 genes all play a role, as well as your other genetic profiles). There is not enough research to determine whether your symptoms are or are not caused by MHE. It is best to work with a doctor who will look for causes and accept that your MHE is not the same as anyone else's--including your own family members. Also, look at the list below for similar case studies on HME.  

'''4. No one else has had that reaction to that drug. You are lying or mistaken.''' No. HSPG plays a role in nearly every body function and is assumed to be present. My body does not produce HSPG. Therefore my drug interactions may well differ!&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Boer |first=A. G. de |last2=Gaillard |first2=P. J. |date=2007-02-10 |title=Drug Targeting to the Brain |url=https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev.pharmtox.47.120505.105237 |journal=Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology |language=en |volume=47 |issue=Volume 47, 2007 |pages=323–355 |doi=10.1146/annurev.pharmtox.47.120505.105237 |issn=0362-1642}}&lt;/ref&gt;  

5. '''The bones do not grow past puberty. If they have, then it is cancer.''' While studies have assumed this, it is not true. This has not been well researched, because it is difficult to have full xrays and to monitor over a lifetime, which would be required for absolute proof. But while there is a slight chance of chondrosarcoma, other MHE patients have reported bone growth past puberty. See the pictures of the 92- year old woman's skeleton with MHE. Bones grew back over her surgeries at age 70 and 80. If bones do not grow back, how do you explain the growths on her implants?

=== Questions to ask doctors if you are not being taken seriously ===
'''Scripts to Use When You Feel Dismissed'''

'''• This is affecting my daily life. I can not function well with this problem.''' Show pictures. Keep a diary of your pain and what you are not able to do. For example: When the tumor on my rib prevents me from raising my arm, I can not dress myself or brush my hair. When the fatigue is so bad, I can not go to class. When the pain is over a 5 (slamming your hand in a car door) continually, then I can not think well.

'''• Yes, the test results you got were normal, but I have problems.''' However, there are no tests for Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans, which may play a role. Therefore, we need to look deeper. I still have these issues. Explain again that you have MHE and do not biosynthesize HSPG, which plays a role in every cell. Look for common problems--because of course you can still have those! But do not let the doctor gaslight you into thinking it is all in your head. If nothing else, look in Google Scholar with HSPG and your symptom. 

'''• I’m still concerned. Can we talk about next steps?'''  What can we do, and how long should we wait to see if that step works? Ask again about your specific symptom. There may be a medication to try, or physical therapy. Note what you have tried--keep a record!

'''Scripts for When Symptoms Are Minimized'''

'''• This may seem mild to you, but this is really affecting my life.''' Again, be specific. Use the analogy of a rock in your shoe or anything else that makes sense to you.

'''• I'm a zebra. I have a rare complex disease. What can we do?''' Again remind them that MHE is a complex systemic disease and the extra bones are only one symptom of a wider range of problems stemming from not biosynthesizing  HSPG. 

• '''While this may seem mild, I think it is part of an overall pattern. This symptom is persistent and worsening, which is why I’m concerned.''' (Keep a diary. Keep images over time). 

'''Scripts for Redirecting the Conversation'''

'''• I know my body is complex. But here is my main issue now--let's focus on that'''. Before your appointment, write out and send a list of your main symptoms. This is a complex disease and you will not get to everything.

• '''Can we  go back to what I mentioned earlier?''' I know that everything is connected, but I am most concerned about ... so I can live my life. Keep that list. Have someone else in the room taking notes on that list of symptoms. 

'''• Please send me a copy of my medical chart.''' I want to be sure my concern is documented in my chart. Always ask for a copy of your medical records, including doctors' notes.

'''Scripts for Asking for Clarification'''

• “Can you explain why you don’t think further evaluation is needed?” (MHE is a life long condition.)

• “What would be a red flag that should prompt me to follow up?” (Ask about red flags for chondrosarcoma)

• “If this doesn’t improve, what’s the next step?” (Get referrals.)

= See also (MHE sites and resources) =

=== Institutions and Foundations ===
MHE Learning System&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Home - MHE Learning System |url=https://mhels.org/ |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=mhels.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; a site for MHE patients to learn about the disease and to cope. 

MHE Research Foundation&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Home |url=https://www.mherf.org/ |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=website |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; a site to share MHE research.

=== Patient's voices ===
YouTube -   
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1YdUFvXH1Kw Voices of MHE: Christine - YouTube]
* Deena Larsen therapy https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qVV4Lhmg4ao&amp;list=PLUs4fzSTQEnXyCt3dWeqNxI0kbYSIHBhR

* Deena Larsen, ''Embodying My Mother's Bones''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Bodies of Knowledge |url=http://www.deenalarsen.net/firs/ |access-date=2026-11-06 |website=www.deenalarsen.net}}&lt;/ref&gt;

* Anne Feit, ''When It All Fades Away: A Memoir of Healing and Hope''

* Irv Rosenfeld, ''My Medicine.'' &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Rosenfeld |first=Irvin |title=My Medicine: How I Convinced the Federal Government to Provide my Marijuana and Helped Launch a National Movement |date=2010 |publisher=Open Archive Press |isbn=978-0-9636380-9-0}}&lt;/ref&gt;
= Research and medical studies =
Italics after a citation is a sentence directly from that work that summarizes the main points for HME patients and their doctors. Please go to the actual study cited. 

== HME Specific studies ==

=== Summary studies ===
'''Rueda-de-Eusebio, A., Gomez-Pena, S., Moreno-Casado, M.J. et al. Hereditary multiple exostoses: an educational review. Insights Imaging 16, 46 (2025). &lt;nowiki&gt;https://doi.org/10.1186/s13244-025-01899-6&lt;/nowiki&gt;''' ''  This review summarises current knowledge on the clinical presentation, pathogenesis, imaging characteristics, complications, and treatment of HME.''

=== Autism and neurological issues ===
'''Yamaguchi, Yu. Research on rare bone disorder reveals new insights into autism. &lt;nowiki&gt;https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/857331&lt;/nowiki&gt; March 2012,''' ''Sanford-Burnham researchers discover the molecular basis of autistic symptoms in children with a rare bone disorder -- findings that also provide new insights for the general autistic population.Researchers at Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute (Sanford-Burnham) used a mouse model of MHE to investigate cognitive function. They found that mice with a genetic defect that models human MHE show symptoms that meet the three defining characteristics of autism: social impairment, language deficits, and repetitive behavior.''

See associated video presentations:

[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9SmRRG03zxo Yu Yamaguchi, M.D., Ph.D. - Consequences of Genetic Deficiency]

'Heparan Sulfate, Hereditary Multiple Exostoses, and Autism: Insight from a Rare Disease for a Common Disease&quot; at the Third Annual Rare Disease Day Symposium at Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute. The symposium took place at Sanford-Burnham's La Jolla campus on February 24, 2012 and the focus was Glycosylation-Based Disorders: Discovery, Patients, and Progress Toward Treatments.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |last=Sanford Burnham Prebys |title=Yu Yamaguchi, M.D., Ph.D. |date=2012-03-05 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6-EXRt_YL6A |access-date=2026-09-10}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Heparan Sulfate and Human Diseases, March 5, 2012.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Yu Yamaguchi, M.D., Ph.D. |url=https://www.google.com/search?hl=en-US&amp;hl=en&amp;client=mobilesearchapp&amp;sca_esv=16067ccfc9d0a6cf&amp;channel=iss&amp;rlz=1MDAPLA_enUS667US667&amp;v=437.4.973319807&amp;q=yu+yamaguchi+video&amp;docid=8EyS2A5A5MmJHM&amp;ibp=video&amp;shem=epsd1,ivsple,rimspwouoe&amp;shndl=41&amp;shmd=H4sIAAAAAAAA_42Rz24TMRDGVeDUN4DTqAcqoc0mjUC0kSqUNG0DYkubRKjtbeqdjU3W9uIZN9kbD8UD8Cw8Aw-AFwTiABInW_Pnm983s_vt0e7jmwg3aHEVlTYZFPk0z-BSp-fJWos0POr3yanQNkJlT-7cIF-xoBiVK2_7JnUSv_p4nDKj8UV5dK6u3hWzKb-_qm6ro_nJ4banr882L9qLw_CB2nYwtJNC3Rer2Uu3vOXx9eYpHx8Mnn19-E-QDHwFC3SVD2VvEoPTaKGg0iisYU5MGJSG147FSBSCJqSYEwZtGATrdQZ7-zNqMKCDRawrFMpgRiFJCIYWiliLaWqC061n8UycAboSxlEM21EnbVZaoAreAsIcA8HUpLlMkKBS6MRb692v4B6ggGiCpTYhyTgXO9I_26bYwqK1jWcTbVf-__7yJEvAv5vF-zU0NSr6i84-w1uEN76uERTaJjIkzjO6C7FzPnyewXBwMPxhtyOuvEolG2Q4r1vlua3Tqb3rTRJ02dEnbQo86r7K31No05FSSbfvn0u7DH6VDsCw9BtM7peBUGyXz7dfHnza-bzzHdtbemZ3AgAA&amp;shmds=v1_ARwrE22JjgnjP0eJT9xgIFMVGTFJDAswWntiJI2oXY3-HEfR1A&amp;source=sh/x/vid/m1/5&amp;kgs=82929becb69767fb&amp;utm_source=epsd1,ivsple,rimspwouoe,sh/x/vid/m1/5#fpstate=ive&amp;vld=cid:911b02e3,vid:6-EXRt_YL6A,st:0 |access-date=2026-09-10 |website=www.google.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Pain, disability, and fatigue ===
'''Amajjar I, Vergauwen K, Willigenburg NW, Huijnen IPJ, Smeets RJEM, Ham SJ, 2025, Scientific report. Physical activity level and health-related quality of life in adults with multiple osteochondromas: a Dutch cross-sectional study. 2045-2322, 2025 May 30, Vol. 15, Issue 1'''&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; ''Multiple Osteochondromas (MO) can significantly impact physical functioning,..These results underscore the need for targeted interventions focusing on pain management, psychological factors, and lifestyle changes to improve both PAL and HRQOL in MO patients.''

'''Bathen T, Fredwall S, Steen U, 2019. Fatigue and pain in children and adults with multiple osteochondromas in Norway, a cross-sectional study. International journal of orthopaedic and trauma nursing [Int J Orthop Trauma Nurs] 2019 Aug; Vol. 34, pp. 28-35. Date of Electronic Publication: 2019 Feb 10.  ISSN: 18781241''' &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; ''Background: Multiple Osteochondromas (MO) is a rare skeletal disorder frequently needing orthopaedic surgery. High prevalence of pain has been reported, however fatigue has not previously been investigated.'' ''Results: Children with MO reported significantly higher fatigue than healthy children. Adults reported significantly higher fatigue than the general Norwegian population. Six of 11 children and 20 of 21 adults reported pain. Severe fatigue was more prevalent in persons with high age, high pain intensity and many pain locations; however none of these differences were significant.''

'''Darilek, Sandra MS*; Wicklund, Catherine MS†; Novy, Diane PhD‡; Scott, Allison MD§; Gambello, Michael MD, PhD*; Johnston, Dennis PhD¶; Hecht, Jacqueline PhD*. Hereditary Multiple Exostosis and Pain. Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics 25(3):p 369-376, May 2005. | DOI: 10.1097/01.bpo.0000150813.18673.''' ''This study was undertaken to characterize pain in individuals with hereditary multiple exostosis (HME).  Eighty-four percent of participants reported having pain, indicating that pain is a real problem in HME.''

'''Goud, A. L., de Lange, J., Scholtes, V. A. B., Bulstra, S. K., &amp; Ham, S. J. (2012). Pain, Physical and Social Functioning, and Quality of Life in Individuals with Multiple Hereditary Exostoses in the Netherlands. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery-American Volume, 94A(11), 1013-1020. &lt;nowiki&gt;https://doi.org/10.2106/JBJS.K.00406&lt;/nowiki&gt;.'''&lt;ref name=&quot;:9&quot; /&gt; ''Our study confirms that multiple hereditary exostoses is a chronic disease causing a profound impact on quality of life. The results suggest that pain is not the only problem associated with multiple hereditary exostoses, as it has an extensive influence on daily activities, as well as on social and psychological well-being, causing significant disability.''

'''Tremosini, M., Morri, M., Forni, C., Pedrini, E., Mordenti, M., Gnoli, M., Di Cecco, A., Moroni, A., &amp; Sangiorgi, L. (2025). Pain in patients with multiple inherited osteochondromas: Incidence and potential prognostic factors. Journal of Bone Oncology, 52, 100672.''' ''Purpose: the purpose of this study was to describe the baseline characteristics, presenting phenotype and treatment interventions for patients diagnosed with multiple osteochondromas who presented with severe pain'' ''symptoms. .Conclusion: from the early stages of multiple osteochondromas diagnosis, pain symptoms must be carefully assessed. An increase in age is associated with a worsening of pain; IOR classification of the multiple osteo-chondromas phenotype does not currently allow an association between the various classes and pain. A re-evaluation of the classification in this light could be an important new element for clinical practice.''

=== Bone growth complications ===
'''Burki, Vincent, Alexander So, Bérengère Aubry-Rozier, 2011. Cervical myelopathy in hereditary multiple exostoses, Joint Bone Spine, Volume 78, Issue 4, &lt;nowiki&gt;https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbspin.2011.02.021&lt;/nowiki&gt;'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Burki |first=Vincent |last2=So |first2=Alexander |last3=Aubry-Rozier |first3=Bérengère |date=2011-07 |title=Cervical myelopathy in hereditary multiple exostoses |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1297319X11000558 |journal=Joint Bone Spine |language=en |volume=78 |issue=4 |pages=412–414 |doi=10.1016/j.jbspin.2011.02.021}}&lt;/ref&gt;'''.''' ''Spinal cord compression due to cervical exostoses is a rare but recognized complication of hereditary multiple exostosis (HME), an autosomal dominant disorder. This disease, also called multiple osteochondromatosis, is characterised by osteocartilaginous exostoses, typically involving the juxtaepiphyseal regions of long bones. Complications such as transformation to sarcoma (1 to 5%) or neurological compression (of the spinal cord, 1 to 9%) can arise during the course of the disease.''

'''Bukowska-Olech Ewelina, Trzebiatowska Wiktoria, Czech Wiktor, Drzymała Olga, Frąk Piotr, Klarowski Franciszek, Kłusek Piotr, Szwajkowska Anna, Jamsheer Aleksander, Hereditary Multiple Exostoses—A Review of the Molecular Background, Diagnostics, and Potential Therapeutic Strategies. &lt;nowiki&gt;https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fgene.2021.759129&lt;/nowiki&gt; '''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Bukowska-Olech |first=Ewelina |last2=Trzebiatowska |first2=Wiktoria |last3=Czech |first3=Wiktor |last4=Drzymała |first4=Olga |last5=Frąk |first5=Piotr |last6=Klarowski |first6=Franciszek |last7=Kłusek |first7=Piotr |last8=Szwajkowska |first8=Anna |last9=Jamsheer |first9=Aleksander |date=2021-12-10 |title=Hereditary Multiple Exostoses—A Review of the Molecular Background, Diagnostics, and Potential Therapeutic Strategies |url=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/genetics/articles/10.3389/fgene.2021.759129/full |journal=Frontiers in Genetics |language=English |volume=12 |doi=10.3389/fgene.2021.759129 |issn=1664-8021 |pmc=8704583 |pmid=34956317}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''' '''''Hereditary multiple exostoses (HMEs) syndrome, also known as multiple osteochondromas, represents a rare and severe human skeletal disorder. The disease may severely affect the quality of patients’ life due to motion impairments, skeletal deformations, chronic pain, or growth retardation and possibility of malignant transformation of exostoses.''

'''Matsumoto, K., Ogawa, H., Nozawa, S. et al. An analysis of osteoporosis in patients with hereditary multiple exostoses. Osteoporos Int 31, 2355–2361 (2020). &lt;nowiki&gt;https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-020-05533-7&lt;/nowiki&gt;'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Matsumoto |first=K. |last2=Ogawa |first2=H. |last3=Nozawa |first3=S. |last4=Akiyama |first4=H. |date=2020-12-01 |title=An analysis of osteoporosis in patients with hereditary multiple exostoses |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-020-05533-7 |journal=Osteoporosis International |language=en |volume=31 |issue=12 |pages=2355–2361 |doi=10.1007/s00198-020-05533-7 |issn=1433-2965}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''We analyzed osteoporosis in 20 HME patients. Our results indicate HME patients have low bone mass. They do not have abnormal bone metabolism.''

'''Phan, A. Q., Pacifici, M., &amp; Esko, J. D. (2017). Advances in the pathogenesis and possible treatments for multiple hereditary exostoses from the 2016 international MHE conference. Connective Tissue Research, 59(1), 85–98. &lt;nowiki&gt;https://doi.org/10.1080/03008207.2017.1394295&lt;/nowiki&gt;.'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/action/cookieAbsent |access-date=2026-07-16 |website=www.tandfonline.com |doi=10.1080/03008207.2017.1394295 |pmc=7604901 |pmid=29099240}}&lt;/ref&gt;''  MHE, also known as hereditary multiple exostoses (HME) or multiple osteochondromas (MO), is characterized by cartilage-capped outgrowths called osteochondromas that develop adjacent to the growth plates of skeletal elements in young patients. These benign tumors can affect growth plate function, leading to skeletal growth retardation, or deformations, and can encroach on nerves, tendons, muscles, and other surrounding tissues and cause motion impairment, chronic pain, and early onset osteoarthritis. In about 2–5% of patients, the osteochondromas can become malignant and life threatening.''

'''Stiever, JR., and J.P. Dormans (2005). Manifestations of hereditary multiple exostoses. Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, 13: 110-120'''''.'' '''&lt;nowiki&gt;https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15850368/&lt;/nowiki&gt;''' ''Hereditary multiple exostosis is an autosomal dominant disorder manifested by the presence of multiple osteochondromas. Linkage analysis has implicated mutations in the EXT gene family, resulting in an error in the regulation of normal chondrocyte proliferation and maturation that leads to abnormal bone growth. Although exostoses are benign lesions, they are often associated with characteristic progressive skeletal deformities and may cause clinical symptoms. Patients with hereditary multiple exostosis have a slight risk of sarcomatous transformation of the cartilaginous portion of the exostosis.''

=== '''Screening and treatment''' ===
'''Fei, Li,  Clara Ngoh, Daniel E. Porter, Chondrosarcoma transformation in hereditary multiple exostoses: A systematic review and clinical and cost-effectiveness of a proposed screening model, Journal of Bone Oncology, Volume 13, 2018, Pages 114-122, ISSN 2212-1374, &lt;nowiki&gt;https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbo.2018.09.011&lt;/nowiki&gt;.'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Fei |first=Li |last2=Ngoh |first2=Clara |last3=Porter |first3=Daniel E. |date=2018-11-01 |title=Chondrosarcoma transformation in hereditary multiple exostoses: A systematic review and clinical and cost-effectiveness of a proposed screening model |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2212137418300903 |journal=Journal of Bone Oncology |volume=13 |pages=114–122 |doi=10.1016/j.jbo.2018.09.011 |issn=2212-1374 |pmc=6303411 |pmid=30591865}}&lt;/ref&gt;''  The most serious complication of hereditary multiple exostoses (HME) is chondrosarcoma transformation. Three HME screening strategies were then developed and compared using cost per life-year gained and incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER).''

'''Hosalkar, Harish MD, MBMS (Ortho), FCPS (Ortho), DNB (Ortho)*; Greenberg, Jared MD†; Gaugler, Rebecca L. BS‡; Garg, Sumeet MD§; Dormans, John P. MD∥, 2007. Abnormal Scarring With Keloid Formation After Osteochondroma Excision in Children With Multiple Hereditary Exostoses Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics: May 2007 - Volume 27 - Issue 3 - p 333-337 doi: 10.1097/BPO.0b013e3180326732'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Hosalkar |first=Harish |last2=Greenberg |first2=Jared |last3=Gaugler |first3=Rebecca L. |last4=Garg |first4=Sumeet |last5=Dormans |first5=John P. |date=2007-05 |title=Abnormal Scarring With Keloid Formation After Osteochondroma Excision in Children With Multiple Hereditary Exostoses |url=https://journals.lww.com/01241398-200704000-00017 |journal=Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics |language=en |volume=27 |issue=3 |pages=333–337 |doi=10.1097/BPO.0b013e3180326732 |issn=0271-6798}}&lt;/ref&gt;  ''Although this study has limited numbers, the results demonstrate a statistically significant correlation between keloid formation and MHE. The risk for abnormal scarring and keloid formation should be discussed with all patients before surgery.''

'''Monroig-Rivera, Carlos MD1; Bockhorn, Lauren MD1,2; Thornberg, David BS1; Santillan, Brenda BS1,2; Rathjen, Karl E. MD1,2,a. Prevalence of Osteochondromas in the Spine in Patients with Multiple Hereditary Exostoses. JBJS Open Access 10(1):e24.00072, January-March 2025. | DOI: 10.2106/JBJS.OA.24.00072.''' &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Monroig-Rivera |first=Carlos |last2=Bockhorn |first2=Lauren |last3=Thornberg |first3=David |last4=Santillan |first4=Brenda |last5=Rathjen |first5=Karl E. |date=2025-01 |title=Prevalence of Osteochondromas in the Spine in Patients with Multiple Hereditary Exostoses |url=https://journals.lww.com/10.2106/JBJS.OA.24.00072 |journal=JBJS Open Access |language=en |volume=10 |issue=1 |doi=10.2106/JBJS.OA.24.00072 |issn=2472-7245}}&lt;/ref&gt;''Although nearly half of the patients had spinal osteochondromas, neural impingement was rare (4%). Neither age, gender, nor the presence of rib and pelvic osteochondromas were associated with spinal involvement, osteochondromas in the canal, or neural impingement. This information can be used to guide clinical decision-making regarding the use of MRI scans for patient screening'''''.'''

'''Troxel, J., Fleury, I. G., &amp; Buckwalter V, J. A. (2025). Revisiting Sex Differences in Multiple Hereditary Exostoses (MHE): A Comprehensive Retrospective Analysis of Patient Characteristics and Surgical Patterns. ''Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics'', ''46''(3), 180–185.''' ''We examined 103 MHE-diagnosed patients treated at the University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics from June 2008 to March 2023.'' ''Our findings deviate from the commonly accepted male predominance in MHE, revealing an even male-female distribution.''

'''Van der Woude HJ, Flipsen M, Welsink C, Van der Zwan AL, Ham SJ, 2025. Is total-body MRI useful as a screening tool to rule out malignant progression in patients with multiple osteochondromas? Results in a single-center cohort of 319 adult patients. By''''':''  '''Skeletal radiology, 1432-2161, 2024 Jan, Vol. 53, Issue 1.'''''To evaluate the results of total-body (TB) MRI used as a screening tool for assessment or exclusion of malignant transformation in patients with hereditary multiple osteochondromas (HMO). Conclusion: TB-MRI can identify malignant transformation of osteochondromas in HMO patients. All peripheral chondrosarcomas occurred in flat bones (ribs, scapula, pelvis) in our study. TB-MRI might assist in triage between higher risk patients with a high burden of OC, including the location of OC in main flat bones vs lower risk patients without OC of the flat bones.''

'''Teeth'''

'''Wiweger, Malgorzata I. Wiweger, Zhe Zhao, Richard J. P. van Merkesteyn, Henry H. Roehl, and Pancras C. W. Hogendoorn, 2012. HSPG-Deficient Zebrafish Uncovers Dental Aspect of Multiple Osteochondromas. PLOS 1. &lt;nowiki&gt;https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0029734&lt;/nowiki&gt;'''''.'' ''Here we analyse dental defects present in ext2−/− fish. Histological analysis reveals that ext2−/− fish have very severe defects associated with the formation and the morphology of teeth. Our findings from zebrafish model were validated in a dental survey that was conducted with assistance of the MHE Research Foundation. The presence of the malformed and/or displaced teeth with abnormal enamel was declared by half of the respondents indicating that MO might indeed be also associated with dental problems.''

== Genetic studies (EXT genes) ==
As HME is associated with genetic issues on the EXT genes, here is a list of genetic studies:

'''Benoist-Lasselina, Catherine Emmanuel de Margerieb, Linda Gibbsa, Sarah Cormierc, Caroline Silvec, Gisèle Nicolasd, Martine LeMerrera, Jean-Francois Mallete, Arno­­­­ld Munnicha, Jacky Bonaventurea, Louise Zylberbergb, Laurence Legeai-Malleta,  2006.  ''Defective chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation in osteochondromas of MHE patients''. Bone, Volume 39, Issue 1, July 2006, Pages 17–26'''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Benoist-Lasselin |first=Catherine |last2=de Margerie |first2=Emmanuel |last3=Gibbs |first3=Linda |last4=Cormier |first4=Sarah |last5=Silve |first5=Caroline |last6=Nicolas |first6=Gisèle |last7=LeMerrer |first7=Martine |last8=Mallet |first8=Jean-Francois |last9=Munnich |first9=Arnold |last10=Bonaventure |first10=Jacky |last11=Zylberberg |first11=Louise |last12=Legeai-Mallet |first12=Laurence |date=2006-07 |title=Defective chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation in osteochondromas of MHE patients |url=http://www.thebonejournal.com/article/S8756-3282(05)00540-5/fulltext |journal=Bone |volume=39 |issue=1 |pages=17–26 |doi=10.1016/j.bone.2005.12.003 |issn=8756-3282}}&lt;/ref&gt; . ''Multiple hereditary exostoses (MHE) is an autosomal dominant skeletal disorder caused by mutations in one of the two EXT genes and characterized by multiple osteochondromas that generally arise near the ends of growing long bones.''

'''Busse-Wicher, Marta; Wicher, Krzysztof B.; Kusche-Gullberg, Marion (2014). &quot;The extostosin family: Proteins with many functions&quot;. Matrix Biology. Elsevier BV. 35: 25–33. doi:10.1016/j.matbio.2013.10.001. hdl:1956/10590. ISSN 0945-053X.''' ''Mutations in either EXT1 or EXT2 cause hereditary multiple osteochondromas (HMO), an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by bone deformities and cartilage-capped bony outgrowths, called exostoses or osteochondromas, at the ends of the long bones (reviewed in (Jennes et al., 2009)). HMO is one of the most common inherited skeletal disorders with an estimated incidence of 1–2 per 100 000 live births.''

'''Cuellar, A., Reddi, A.H. Cell biology of osteochondromas: Bone morphogenic protein signalling and heparan sulphates. International Orthopaedics (SICOT) 37, 1591–1596 (2013). &lt;nowiki&gt;https://doi.org/10.1007/s00264-013-1906-5&lt;/nowiki&gt;.'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Cuellar |first=Araceli |last2=Reddi |first2=A. Hari |date=2013-08-01 |title=Cell biology of osteochondromas: Bone morphogenic protein signalling and heparan sulphates |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s00264-013-1906-5 |journal=International Orthopaedics |language=en |volume=37 |issue=8 |pages=1591–1596 |doi=10.1007/s00264-013-1906-5 |issn=1432-5195 |pmc=3728397 |pmid=23771188}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''While factors for severity remain unknown, mutations in exostosin 1 and exostosin 2 genes, encoding glycosyltransferases involved in the biosynthesis of ubiquitously expressed heparan sulphate (HS) chains, are associated with MHE.''

'''Nozawa S, Inubushi T, Irie F, et al. Osteoblastic heparan sulfate regulates osteoprotegerin function and bone mass. JCI Insight. 2018;3(3):e89624. Published 2018 Feb 8. doi:10.1172/jci.insight.89624.'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Nozawa |first=Satoshi |last2=Inubushi |first2=Toshihiro |last3=Irie |first3=Fumitoshi |last4=Takigami |first4=Iori |last5=Matsumoto |first5=Kazu |last6=Shimizu |first6=Katsuji |last7=Akiyama |first7=Haruhiko |last8=Yamaguchi |first8=Yu |date=2018-02-08 |title=Osteoblastic heparan sulfate regulates osteoprotegerin function and bone mass |url=https://insight.jci.org/articles/view/89624 |journal=JCI Insight |language=en |volume=3 |issue=3 |doi=10.1172/jci.insight.89624 |issn=2379-3708 |pmc=5821205 |pmid=29415886}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''To determine the role of HS in bone homeostasis, we conditionally ablated Ext1, which encodes an essential glycosyltransferase for HS biosynthesis, in osteoblasts. Resultant conditional mutant mice developed severe osteopenia. Surprisingly, this phenotype is not due to impairment in bone formation but to enhancement of bone resorption. We also show that bone mineral density is reduced in patients with multiple hereditary exostoses, a genetic bone disorder caused by heterozygous mutations of Ext1, suggesting that the mechanism revealed in this study may be relevant to low bone mass conditions in humans.''

'''Pacifici M. The pathogenic roles of heparan sulfate deficiency in hereditary multiple exostoses. Matrix Biol. 2018 Oct;71-72:28-39. doi: 10.1016/j.matbio.2017.12.011. Epub 2017 Dec 24. PMID: 29277722; PMCID: PMC6015767'''''.''&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt; ''Heparan sulfate (HS) is an essential component of cell surface and matrix proteoglycans (HS-PGs) that include syndecans and perlecan. Because of their unique structural features, the HS chains are able to specifically interact with signaling proteins–including bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs)-via their HS-binding domain, regulating protein availability, distribution and action on target cells. Hereditary Multiple Exostoses (HME) is a rare pediatric disorder linked to germline heterozygous loss-of-function mutations in EXT1 or EXT2 that encode Golgi-resident glycosyltransferases responsible for HS synthesis, resulting in a systemic HS deficiency. HME is characterized by cartilaginous/bony tumors-called osteochondromas or exostoses- that form within perichondrium in long bones, ribs and other elements. This review examines most recent studies in HME, framing them in the context of classic studies. New findings show that the spectrum of EXT mutations is larger than previously realized and the clinical complications of HME extend beyond the skeleton.''

'''Sefcik R, Earl D. Hereditary Multiple Osteochondromas. 2000 Aug 3 [Updated 2026 Jan 29]. In: Adam MP, Bick S, Mirzaa GM, et al., editors. GeneReviews® [Internet]. Seattle (WA): University of Washington, Seattle; 1993-2026. Available from: &lt;nowiki&gt;https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1235&lt;/nowiki&gt;.''' ''Each child of an individual with HMO has a 50% chance of inheriting an HMO-causing pathogenic variant.''

'''Zak, B.M., B.E. Crawford, and J.D. Esko, 2002. Hereditary multiple exostoses and heparan sulfate polymerization Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) Volume 1573, Issue 3, 19 December 2002, Pages 346–355 &lt;nowiki&gt;http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304416502004026&lt;/nowiki&gt;''' ''Hereditary multiple exostoses (HME, OMIM 133700, 133701) results from mutations in EXT1 and EXT2, genes encoding the copolymerase responsible for heparan sulfate (HS) biosynthesis. Here, we provide an overview of HME, the EXT family of proteins, and possible models for the relationship of altered HS biosynthesis to the ectopic bone growth characteristic of the disease.''

== HSPG-Related studies ==
While HME is a rare disease and rarely studied, the connection between HME and HSPG is noted. Therefore, this list of research articles covers HME, HSPG, and the genetic issues associated with the EXT1, EXT2, and EXT3 genes.

'''Aldunate, Rebecca, Juan Carlos Casar, Enrique Brandan, Nibaldo C. Inestrosa, 2004. Structural and functional organization of synaptic acetylcholinesterase, Brain Research Reviews, Volume 47, Issues 1–3,''' &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Aldunate |first=Rebeca |last2=Casar |first2=Juan Carlos |last3=Brandan |first3=Enrique |last4=Inestrosa |first4=Nibaldo C. |date=2004-12 |title=Structural and functional organization of synaptic acetylcholinesterase |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0165017304001092 |journal=Brain Research Reviews |language=en |volume=47 |issue=1-3 |pages=96–104 |doi=10.1016/j.brainresrev.2004.07.019}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''&quot;The presence of two heparin-binding domains in ColQ that interact with heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) at the synaptic basal lamina; and second, a knockout mouse for perlecan, a HSPG concentrated in nerve–muscle contact, in which absence of asymmetric AChE at the NMJ is observed.&quot;''

'''Aplin, J.D., Charlton, A.K. &amp; Ayad, S.  1988. An immunohistochemical study of human endometrial extracellular matrix during the menstrual cycle and first trimester of pregnancy. Cell Tissue Res. 253: 231. &lt;nowiki&gt;https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00221758&lt;/nowiki&gt;.''' &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Aplin |first=J. D. |last2=Charlton |first2=A. K. |last3=Ayad |first3=S. |date=1988-07-01 |title=An immunohistochemical study of human endometrial extracellular matrix during the menstrual cycle and first trimester of pregnancy |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00221758 |journal=Cell and Tissue Research |language=en |volume=253 |issue=1 |pages=231–240 |doi=10.1007/BF00221758 |issn=1432-0878}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Changes in the organisation and composition of extracellular matrix in human endometrium during the menstrual cycle and early pregnancy have been assessed by immunofluorescence.'' 

'''Arnold, K. Y-E. Liao, and J. Liu, 2020. ''Potential Use of Anti-Inflammatory Synthetic Heparan Sulfate to Attenuate Liver Damage. Biomedicines 2020, 8(11), 503;''''' &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Arnold |first=Katelyn |last2=Liao |first2=Yi-En |last3=Liu |first3=Jian |date=2020-11-16 |title=Potential Use of Anti-Inflammatory Synthetic Heparan Sulfate to Attenuate Liver Damage |url=https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/8/11/503 |journal=Biomedicines |language=en |volume=8 |issue=11 |pages=503 |doi=10.3390/biomedicines8110503 |issn=2227-9059}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Heparan sulfate (HS) is an essential glycan for liver function.''

'''Ascencio, F. L. Å. Fransson and T. WadstrÖum, 1993. ''Affinity of the gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori for the N-sulphated glycosaminoglycan heparan sulphate'' J Med Microbiol April 1993 vol. 38 no. 4 240-244''' &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=F |first=Ascencio |last2=A |first2=Fransson, L. |last3=T |first3=Wadstrom |date=1993-04-01 |title=Affinity of the gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori for the N-sulphated glycosaminogly… |url=https://www.sgmjournals.org/jmm/content/38/4/240 |access-date=2026-07-15 |website=SGM Journals |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;'''.''' ''Binding of 125I-heparan sulphate was a common property of Helicobacter pylori strains isolated from patients with gastroduodenal ulcer diseases.''

'''Berg et al., 1999. Chronic fatigue syndrome and/or Fibromyalgia as a variation of Antiphospholipid antibody syndrome: an explanatory model and approach to laboratory  diagnosis'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Berg |first=D. |last2=Berg |first2=L. H. |last3=Couvaras |first3=J. |last4=Harrison |first4=H. |date=1999-10 |title=Chronic fatigue syndrome and/or fibromyalgia as a variation of antiphospholipid antibody syndrome: an explanatory model and approach to laboratory diagnosis |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10695770 |journal=Blood Coagulation &amp; Fibrinolysis: An International Journal in Haemostasis and Thrombosis |volume=10 |issue=7 |pages=435–438 |doi=10.1097/00001721-199910000-00006 |issn=0957-5235 |pmid=10695770}}&lt;/ref&gt; Not in this paper, but the logic is that low levels of HSPG are found in patients with chronic fatigue, and there is probably a correlation with MHE fatigue and low levels of HSPG.

'''Bishop, J., Schuksz, M. &amp; Esko, J. Heparan sulphate proteoglycans fine-tune mammalian physiology. Nature 446, 1030–1037 (2007). &lt;nowiki&gt;https://doi.org/10.1038/nature05817&lt;/nowiki&gt;'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Bishop |first=Joseph R. |last2=Schuksz |first2=Manuela |last3=Esko |first3=Jeffrey D. |date=2007-04 |title=Heparan sulphate proteoglycans fine-tune mammalian physiology |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/nature05817 |journal=Nature |language=en |volume=446 |issue=7139 |pages=1030–1037 |doi=10.1038/nature05817 |issn=1476-4687}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Heparan sulphate proteoglycans reside on the plasma membrane of all animal cells studied so far and are a major component of extracellular matrices. . A recurrent theme is the electrostatic interaction of the heparan sulphate chains with protein ligands, which affects metabolism, transport, information transfer, support and regulation in all organ systems.'' 

'''Boer and Gaillard, 2007. Drug Targeting to the Brain. Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology. Volume 47, 2007. Pp 323-355'''&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;'''.'''''… For many diseases of the brain, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, stroke, depression, schizophrenia, epilepsia and migraine headache, the drugs on the market … enter the cell following binding to heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG) receptors …''

'''Brown, Anissa Joy. Function of heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) and heparanase (HPSE) in endochondral bone formation University of Delaware, ProQuest Dissertations Publishing, 2008. 3324491.'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Function of heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) and heparanase (HPSE) in endochondral bone formation. by Brown, Anissa Joy (9781243986054) {{!}} Browns Books |url=https://www.brownsbfs.co.uk/Product/Brown-Anissa-Joy/Function-of-heparan-sulfate-proteoglycans-HSPGs-and-hepar/9781243986054 |access-date=2026-07-15 |website=www.brownsbfs.co.uk}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Endochondral bone formation is a tightly regulated process involving coordination among cell-cell, cell-matrix and growth factor signaling that eventually results in the production of mineralized bone from a cartilage template. Chondrogenic and osteogenic differentiation occur in sequence during this process, and the temporospatial patterning clearly requires the activities of heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs), heparin binding growth factors (HBGFs) and their receptors.''

'''O'Callaghan P, Zhang X, Li JP. 2018. Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans as Relays of Neuroinflammation. J Histochem Cytochem. 2018 Apr;66(4):305-319. doi: 10.1369/0022155417742147. Epub 2018 Jan 1. PMID: 29290138; PMCID: PMC5958378'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=O'Callaghan |first=Paul |last2=Zhang |first2=Xiao |last3=Li |first3=Jin-Ping |date=2018-04 |title=Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans as Relays of Neuroinflammation |url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5958378/ |journal=The Journal of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry: Official Journal of the Histochemistry Society |volume=66 |issue=4 |pages=305–319 |doi=10.1369/0022155417742147 |issn=1551-5044 |pmc=5958378 |pmid=29290138}}&lt;/ref&gt;'''.''' ''.'' ''We summarize some of the contrasting roles that HS and heparanase have been assigned in diseases associated with chronic inflammatory states, including Alzheimer's disease (AD).''

'''Chen, Ming and Xiao, Xiao and Rui, Yimin and Jin, Yu,''' '''2023. Relationship of Sleep Disorder with Neurodegenerative and Psychiatric Diseases: An Updated Review. Available at SSRN:''' &lt;nowiki&gt;https://ssrn.com/abstract=4484640&lt;/nowiki&gt; or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4484640. &quot;''Another key factor in the circadian timing of Aβ42 phagocytosis is the presence of cell-surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs), which highlights a potential causative factor for increased Aβ42 accumulation in patients with clock/sleep disorders due to the apparent circadian rhythmicity of HSPGs levels and the inhibitory role of HSPGs in the phagocytosis of Aβ42(Clark et al., 2022).&quot;''

'''Chmiela, M. et al. 1995. The role of heparan sulphate-binding activity of Helicobacter pylori bacteria in their adhesion to murine macrophages. &lt;nowiki&gt;http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1699-0463.1995.tb01133.x/full&lt;/nowiki&gt;'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Chmiela |first=M. |last2=Paziak-Domanska |first2=B. |last3=Rudnicka |first3=W. |last4=WadstrÖM |first4=T. |date=1995 |title=The role of heparan sulphate-binding activity of Helicobacter pylori bacteria in their adhesion to murine macrophages |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1699-0463.1995.tb01133.x |journal=APMIS |language=en |volume=103 |issue=1-6 |pages=469–474 |doi=10.1111/j.1699-0463.1995.tb01133.x |issn=1600-0463}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''The role of heparan sulphate (HS)-binding activity of Helicobacter pylori microbes in their adhesion to and ingestion by inflammatory peritoneal macrophages.''

'''Clark, GT, Yu Y, Urban C et al. 2023. Circadian control of heparan sulfate levels times phagocytosis of amyloid beta aggregates. February 10, 202. PLOS Genetics. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1009994&lt;nowiki/&gt;.'''  ''PGs like heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) and chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) are involved in the clearance of Aβ42, associate with Aβ42 to foster the formation of plaques, and reduce Aβ plaque load upon the knockout of a key enzyme in the HSPG biosynthesis pathway... our findings suggest the disruption of the circadian timing of macrophage/microglia phagocytosis may be a vital component in Aβ42 metabolism, highlighting a potential causative factor in the increase in accumulation of Aβ42 in patients with clock/sleep disturbances [8,13,20,22,25,94,97].'' 

'''Collins LE, Troeberg L. 2019. Heparan sulfate as a regulator of inflammation and immunity. J Leukoc Biol. 2019 Jan;105(1):81-92. doi: 10.1002/JLB.3RU0618-246R. Epub 2018 Oct 30. PMID: 30376187.'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Collins |first=Laura E |last2=Troeberg |first2=Linda |date=2018-12-27 |title=Heparan sulfate as a regulator of inflammation and immunity |url=https://academic.oup.com/jleukbio/article/105/1/81/6935486 |journal=Journal of Leukocyte Biology |language=en |volume=105 |issue=1 |pages=81–92 |doi=10.1002/JLB.3RU0618-246R |issn=1938-3673}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''In this review, we discuss the multiple roles for HS in regulating immune responses, and the evidence for inflammation-associated changes to HS structure.Keywords: chemokines; cytokines; heparan sulfate; inflammation; leukocyte.''

'''Condomitti, G., &amp; de Wit, J. (2018). Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans as Emerging Players in Synaptic Specificity. Frontiers in molecular neuroscience, 11, 14. &lt;nowiki&gt;https://doi.org/10.3389/fnmol.2018.00014&lt;/nowiki&gt;'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Condomitti |first=Giuseppe |last2=de Wit |first2=Joris |date=2018-01-26 |title=Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans as Emerging Players in Synaptic Specificity |url=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/molecular-neuroscience/articles/10.3389/fnmol.2018.00014/full |journal=Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience |language=English |volume=11 |doi=10.3389/fnmol.2018.00014 |issn=1662-5099 |pmc=5790772 |pmid=29434536}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''The heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG) family of cell-surface proteins is emerging as a key regulator of connectivity. HSPGs are expressed throughout brain development and play important roles in axon guidance, synapse development and synapse function.''

'''Cooper, Isabella D.; Brookler, Kenneth H.; Crofts, Catherine A. P. (2021-09-06). &quot;Rethinking  Fragility Fractures in Type 2 Diabetes: The Link between Hyperinsulinaemia and Osteofragilitas&quot; Biomedicines 9, no. 9: 1165.'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Cooper |first=Isabella D. |last2=Brookler |first2=Kenneth H. |last3=Crofts |first3=Catherine A. P. |date=2021-09-06 |title=Rethinking Fragility Fractures in Type 2 Diabetes: The Link between Hyperinsulinaemia and Osteofragilitas |url=https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/9/9/1165 |journal=Biomedicines |language=en |volume=9 |issue=9 |pages=1165 |doi=10.3390/biomedicines9091165 |issn=2227-9059}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''&lt;nowiki&gt;https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines9091165&lt;/nowiki&gt;  Hyperinsulinaemia negatively impacts HSPG function and availability, via impairment of vitamin D regulation. Vitamin D regulates sulfate synthesis, required for heparan sulphate ['''145'''].''

'''Dituri F, Gigante G, Scialpi R, Mancarella S, Fabregat I, Giannelli G. Proteoglycans in Cancer: Friends or Enemies? A Special Focus on Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancers. 2022; 14(8):1902. &lt;nowiki&gt;https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers14081902&lt;/nowiki&gt;'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Dituri |first=Francesco |last2=Gigante |first2=Gianluigi |last3=Scialpi |first3=Rosanna |last4=Mancarella |first4=Serena |last5=Fabregat |first5=Isabel |last6=Giannelli |first6=Gianluigi |date=2022-04-09 |title=Proteoglycans in Cancer: Friends or Enemies? A Special Focus on Hepatocellular Carcinoma |url=https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/14/8/1902 |journal=Cancers |language=en |volume=14 |issue=8 |pages=1902 |doi=10.3390/cancers14081902 |issn=2072-6694 |pmc=9024587 |pmid=35454809}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Proteoglycans are a class of highly glycosylated proteins expressed in virtually all tissues, which are localized within membranes, but more often in the pericellular space and extracellular matrix (ECM), and are involved in tissue homeostasis and remodeling of the stromal microenvironment during physiological and pathological processes, such as tissue regeneration, angiogenesis, and cancer.''

'''Farhan, S.M.K. , Wang J, Robinson JF, et al., 2015. Old gene, new phenotype: mutations in heparan sulfate synthesis enzyme, EXT2 leads to seizure and developmental disorder, no exostoses. Journal of Medical Genetics 2015;52:666-675. ''' ''Many genes are involved in modulating heparan sulfate synthesis, and when these genes are mutated, they can give rise to early-onset developmental disorders affecting multiple body systems.'' 

'''Forsberg E. and L. Kjellen, 2001. Heparan sulfate: lessons from knockout mice. Journal of Clinical Investigation. &lt;nowiki&gt;https://www.jci.org/articles/view/13561&lt;/nowiki&gt;.''' &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Forsberg |first=Erik |last2=Kjellén |first2=Lena |date=2001-07-15 |title=Heparan sulfate: lessons from knockout mice |url=https://www.jci.org/articles/view/13561 |journal=The Journal of Clinical Investigation |language=en |volume=108 |issue=2 |pages=175–180 |doi=10.1172/JCI13561 |issn=0021-9738 |pmid=11457868}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Kidney'' ''agenesis, “broken heart,” abnormal mast cells, somatic overgrowth, lung dysfunction, and chondrodysplasia are some phenotypes of mice where different genes important for heparan sulfate (HS) expression have been knocked out.The authors speculate that, during inflammation or wounding when fibronectin is degraded, syndecan-4 may be important for focal adhesion formation and actin fiber organization, which in turn contribute to cell migration.'' 

'''Fumitoshi Irie, Hedieh Badie-Mahdavi, and Yu Yamaguchi, 2012. ''Autism-like socio-communicative deficits and stereotypies in mice lacking heparan sulfate''. PNAS 2012 109 (13) 5052-5056;  March 27, 2012 vol. 109 no. 13'''&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt; '''&lt;nowiki&gt;http://www.pnas.org/content/109/13/5052.short&lt;/nowiki&gt;''' ''Heparan sulfate regulates diverse cell-surface signaling events, and its roles in the development of the nervous system recently have been increasingly uncovered by studies using genetic models carrying mutations of genes encoding enzymes for its synthesis. Our results demonstrate that heparan sulfate is critical for normal functioning of glutamatergic synapses and that its deficiency mediates socio-communicative deficits and stereotypes characteristic for autism.''

'''Ge, Xiao Na, Bastan, Idil, Ha, Sung Gil, Greenberg, Yana G., Esko, Jeffrey D., Rao, Savita P., Sriramarao, P., 2018. Regulation of eosinophil recruitment and allergic airway inflammation by heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG) modifying enzymes. Experimental Lung Research, 01902148, Mar2018, Vol. 44, Issue''' ''Our study demonstrates that allergen exposure reduces expression of Hs2st; loss of uronyl 2-O-sulfation in endothelial and leukocyte HSPG amplifies recruitment of eosinophils likely due to a compromised vascular endothelium resulting in persistent inflammation whereas loss of N-sulfation limits eosinophilia and attenuates inflammation underscoring the importance of site-specific sulfation in HSPG to their role in AAI.''

'''Haeger SM, Yang Y, Schmidt EP. Heparan Sulfate in the Developing, Healthy, and Injured Lung. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 2016;55(1):5-11. doi:10.1165/rcmb.2016-0043TR''' '''''&lt;nowiki&gt;https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4942210/&lt;/nowiki&gt;'''''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Haeger |first=Sarah M. |last2=Yang |first2=Yimu |last3=Schmidt |first3=Eric P. |date=2016-07 |title=Heparan Sulfate in the Developing, Healthy, and Injured Lung |url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4942210/ |journal=American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology |volume=55 |issue=1 |pages=5–11 |doi=10.1165/rcmb.2016-0043TR |issn=1535-4989 |pmc=4942210 |pmid=26982577}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''This Translational Review highlightsthe importance of athe glycosaminoglycan heparan sulfate (HS) on lung health and disease.''

'''Hiebert, Linda M. 2021. Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans in Diabetes. DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1724118. Thieme E-''' '''Journals - Seminars in Thrombosis and Hemostasis / Abstract (thieme-connect.com).''' &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Hiebert |first=Linda M. |date=2021-04 |title=Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans in Diabetes |url=http://www.thieme-connect.de/DOI/DOI?10.1055/s-0041-1724118 |journal=Seminars in Thrombosis and Hemostasis |language=en |volume=47 |issue=03 |pages=261–273 |doi=10.1055/s-0041-1724118 |issn=0094-6176}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Understanding the role of HSPGs and how they are modified by diabetes may lead to new treatments as well as preventative measures to reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with this complex condition.''

'''Ho, G., G Broze, A. Schwartz, 1997. Role of Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans in the Uptake and Degradation of Tissue Factor Pathway Inhibitor-Coagulation Factor Xa Complexes. CELL BIOLOGY AND METABOLISM| VOLUME 272, ISSUE 27, P16838-16844, JULY 1997.&lt;nowiki&gt;https://www.jbc.org/article/S0021-9258(18)39299-8/fulltext&lt;/nowiki&gt;''' &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Ho |first=Guyu |last2=Broze |first2=George J. |last3=Schwartz |first3=Alan L. |date=1997-07-04 |title=Role of Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans in the Uptake and Degradation of Tissue Factor Pathway Inhibitor-Coagulation Factor Xa Complexes * |url=https://www.jbc.org/article/S0021-9258(18)39299-8/abstract |journal=Journal of Biological Chemistry |language=English |volume=272 |issue=27 |pages=16838–16844 |doi=10.1074/jbc.272.27.16838 |issn=0021-9258}}&lt;/ref&gt;''These results suggest that heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) are required for the uptake and degradation of 125I-TFPI·fXa complexes.'' 

'''Huang M, He H, Belenkaya T, Lin X. Multiple roles of epithelial heparan sulfate in stomach morphogenesis. J Cell Sci. 2018 May 29;131(10):jcs210781. doi: 10.1242/jcs.210781. PMID: 29700203; PMCID: PMC6031332.''' &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Huang |first=Meina |last2=He |first2=Hua |last3=Belenkaya |first3=Tatyana |last4=Lin |first4=Xinhua |date=2018-05-15 |title=Multiple roles of epithelial heparan sulfate in stomach morphogenesis |url=https://journals.biologists.com/jcs/article/131/10/jcs210781/56866/Multiple-roles-of-epithelial-heparan-sulfate-in |journal=Journal of Cell Science |language=en |volume=131 |issue=10 |doi=10.1242/jcs.210781 |issn=1477-9137 |pmc=6031332 |pmid=29700203}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''In the posterior stomach, HS depletion disrupts glandular stomach patterning and cytodifferentiation via attenuation of Fgf signaling activity.'' 

'''Irie, F.,  H. Badie-Mahdavi, Y. Yamaguchi, 2012. Autism-like socio-communicative deficits and stereotypies in mice lacking heparan sulfate Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A., 109 (2012), pp. 5052-5056. &lt;nowiki&gt;https://www.pnas.org/doi/pdf/10.1073/pnas.1117881109&lt;/nowiki&gt;.''' &lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;''Our results demonstrate that heparan sulfate is critical for normal functioning of glutamatergic synapses and that its deficiency mediates socio-communicative deficits and stereotypies characteristic for autism.''

'''Jennes I, Pedrini E, Zuntini M, Mordenti M, Balkassmi S, Asteggiano CG, Casey B, Bakker B, Sangiorgi L, Wuyts W. Multiple osteochondromas: mutation update and description of the multiple osteochondromas mutation database (MOdb). Hum Mutat. 2009 Dec;30 (12):1620-7. doi: 10.1002/humu.21123. PMID: 19810120.''' &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Jennes |first=Ivy |last2=Pedrini |first2=Elena |last3=Zuntini |first3=Monia |last4=Mordenti |first4=Marina |last5=Balkassmi |first5=Sahila |last6=Asteggiano |first6=Carla G. |last7=Casey |first7=Brett |last8=Bakker |first8=Bert |last9=Sangiorgi |first9=Luca |last10=Wuyts |first10=Wim |date=2009-12 |title=Multiple osteochondromas: mutation update and description of the multiple osteochondromas mutation database (MOdb) |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/humu.21123 |journal=Human Mutation |language=en |volume=30 |issue=12 |pages=1620–1627 |doi=10.1002/humu.21123}}&lt;/ref&gt;''MO is genetically heterogeneous, and is associated with mutations in Exostosin-1 (EXT1) or Exostosin-2 (EXT2), both tumor-suppressor genes of the EXT gene family. All members of this multigene family encode glycosyltransferases involved in the adhesion and/or polymerization of heparin sulfate (HS) chains at HS proteoglycans (HSPGs).'' 

'''Jones, K. B., Pacifici, M., &amp; Hilton, M. J. (2014). Multiple hereditary exostoses (MHE): elucidating the pathogenesis of a rare skeletal disorder through interdisciplinary research. Connective Tissue Research, 55(2), 80–88. &lt;nowiki&gt;https://doi.org/10.3109/03008207.2013.867957&lt;/nowiki&gt;.''' ''MHE is largely caused by autosomal dominant mutations in EXT1 or EXT2, genes encoding Golgi-associated glycosyltransferases responsible for heparan sulfate (HS) synthesis. HS chains are key constituents of cell surface- and extracellular matrix-associated proteoglycans, which are known regulators of skeletal development. MHE affected individuals are HS-deficient, can display skeletal growth retardation and deformities, and consistently develop benign, cartilage-capped bony outgrowths (termed exostoses or osteochondromas) near the growth plates of many skeletal elements. Heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) critically modulate adhesion-, growth-, and migration-related processes.''

'''Kemp, Annissa et al. 2017. Control of Cell Shape, Neurite Outgrowth, and Migration by a Nogo-A/HSPG Interaction, Developmental Cell, Volume 43, Issue 1, 24 - 34.e5 &lt;nowiki&gt;https://www.cell.com/developmental-cell/fulltext/S1534-5807(17)30674-3&lt;/nowiki&gt;'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Kempf |first=Anissa |last2=Boda |first2=Enrica |last3=Kwok |first3=Jessica C. F. |last4=Fritz |first4=Rafael |last5=Grande |first5=Valentina |last6=Kaelin |first6=Andrea M. |last7=Ristic |first7=Zorica |last8=Schmandke |first8=Andre |last9=Schmandke |first9=Antonio |last10=Tews |first10=Bjoern |last11=Fawcett |first11=James W. |last12=Pertz |first12=Olivier |last13=Buffo |first13=Annalisa |last14=Schwab |first14=Martin E. |date=2017-10-09 |title=Control of Cell Shape, Neurite Outgrowth, and Migration by a Nogo-A/HSPG Interaction |url=https://www.cell.com/developmental-cell/abstract/S1534-5807(17)30674-3 |journal=Developmental Cell |language=English |volume=43 |issue=1 |pages=24–34.e5 |doi=10.1016/j.devcel.2017.08.014 |issn=1534-5807 |pmid=28943240}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) critically modulate adhesion-, growth-, and migration-related processes. Here, we show that the transmembrane protein, Nogo-A, inhibits neurite outgrowth and cell spreading in neurons and Nogo-A-responsive cell lines via HSPGs. Finally, we show in explant cultures ex vivo that Nogo-A-?20 promotes the migration of neuroblasts via HSPGs but not S1PR2.''

'''Kolset, S., Salmivirta, M. Cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans and lipoprotein metabolism. CMLS, Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 56, 857–870 (1999). &lt;nowiki&gt;https://doi.org/10.1007/s000180050031&lt;/nowiki&gt;''' [https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s000180050031. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s000180050031.]  ''Heparan sulfate has been further implicated in presentation and stabilization of lipoprotein lipase and hepatic lipase on cell surfaces and in the transport of lipoprotein lipase from extravascular cells to the luminal surface of the endothelia. In atherosclerosis, heparan sulfate is intimately involved in several events important to the pathophysiology of the disease.''

'''Laabs, T.; Carulli, D.; Geller, H.M.; Fawcett, J.W. Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans in neural development and regeneration. Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 2005, 15, 116–120. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Carulli |first=Daniela |last2=Laabs |first2=Tracy |last3=Geller |first3=Herbert M. |last4=Fawcett |first4=James W. |date=2005-02 |title=Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans in neural development and regeneration |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15721753 |journal=Current Opinion in Neurobiology |volume=15 |issue=1 |pages=116–120 |doi=10.1016/j.conb.2005.01.014 |issn=0959-4388 |pmid=15721753}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Proteoglycans are of two main types, chondroitin sulfate (CSPGs) and heparin sulfate (HSPGs). The CSPGs act mainly as barrier-forming molecules, whereas the HSPGs stabilise the interactions of receptors and ligands.'' 

'''Lundberg, Y.W., Y. Xu, K.D. Theissen, and K.L. Framer, 2014. Mechanisms of otoconia and otolith development. Developmental Dynamics, 9/24/2014.''' &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Lundberg |first=Yunxia Wang |last2=Xu |first2=Yinfang |last3=Thiessen |first3=Kevin D. |last4=Kramer |first4=Kenneth L. |date=2015 |title=Mechanisms of otoconia and otolith development |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/dvdy.24195 |journal=Developmental Dynamics |language=en |volume=244 |issue=3 |pages=239–253 |doi=10.1002/dvdy.24195 |issn=1097-0177 |pmc=4482761 |pmid=25255879}}&lt;/ref&gt;  ''Deletion of different HSPGs and CSPGs causes calcification deficiencies  which exemplifies their critical role in bone and teeth formation.''

'''Mansouri, R., Jouan, Y., Hay, E. et al. Osteoblastic heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycans control bone remodeling by regulating Wnt signaling and the crosstalk between bone surface and marrow cells. Cell Death Dis 8, e2902 (2017). &lt;nowiki&gt;https://doi.org/10.1038/cddis.2017.287&lt;/nowiki&gt;'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Mansouri |first=Rafik |last2=Jouan |first2=Yohann |last3=Hay |first3=Eric |last4=Blin-Wakkach |first4=Claudine |last5=Frain |first5=Monique |last6=Ostertag |first6=Agnès |last7=Le Henaff |first7=Carole |last8=Marty |first8=Caroline |last9=Geoffroy |first9=Valérie |last10=Marie |first10=Pierre J. |last11=Cohen-Solal |first11=Martine |last12=Modrowski |first12=Dominique |date=2017-06 |title=Osteoblastic heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycans control bone remodeling by regulating Wnt signaling and the crosstalk between bone surface and marrow cells |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/cddis2017287 |journal=Cell Death &amp; Disease |language=en |volume=8 |issue=6 |pages=e2902–e2902 |doi=10.1038/cddis.2017.287 |issn=2041-4889 |pmc=5520938 |pmid=28661485}}&lt;/ref&gt;  ''Syndecan-2 is a membrane heparan sulfate proteoglycan that is associated with osteoblastic differentiation. The osteogenic properties of matrix glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) have been explored; however, the functions of GAGs at the surface of bone-forming cells are less documented.'' 

'''Matsuzawa, T. et al., 2021. Heparan sulfate promotes differentiation of white adipocytes to maintain insulin sensitivity and glucose homeostasis. Journal of Biological Chemistry.'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Matsuzawa |first=Takuro |last2=Morita |first2=Masanobu |last3=Shimane |first3=Ai |last4=Otsuka |first4=Rina |last5=Mei |first5=Yu |last6=Irie |first6=Fumitoshi |last7=Yamaguchi |first7=Yu |last8=Yanai |first8=Kazuhiko |last9=Yoshikawa |first9=Takeo |date=2021-09 |title=Heparan sulfate promotes differentiation of white adipocytes to maintain insulin sensitivity and glucose homeostasis |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34310946 |journal=The Journal of Biological Chemistry |volume=297 |issue=3 |pages=101006 |doi=10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101006 |issn=1083-351X |pmc=8379462 |pmid=34310946}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''We observed that Ext1Δ/WT mice showed glucose intolerance because of insulin resistance. Our results demonstrate that HS plays a crucial role in the differentiation of white adipocytes through BMP4–FGF1 signaling pathways, thereby contributing to insulin sensitivity and glucose homeostasis.''

'''Meneghetti, Maria C. Z.; Hughes, Ashley J.; Rudd, Timothy R.; Nader, Helena B.; Powell, Andrew K.; Yates, Edwin A.; Lima, Marcelo A. (2015-09-06). &quot;Heparan sulfate and heparin interactions with proteins&quot;. Journal of the Royal Society, Interface. 12 (110): 0589. doi:10.1098/rsif.2015.0589. ISSN 1742-5662. PMC 4614469. &lt;nowiki&gt;PMID 26289657&lt;/nowiki&gt;'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Echits |first=S. V. |last2=Pichko |first2=V. B. |last3=Tikhomirova |first3=A. S. |last4=Letunova |first4=E. V. |date=1975 |title=[Preparation and properties of beta-galactosidase linked covalently with KM-cellulose] |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1742 |journal=Prikladnaia Biokhimiia I Mikrobiologiia |volume=11 |issue=6 |pages=848–851 |issn=0555-1099 |pmid=1742}}&lt;/ref&gt;''. Heparan sulfate (HS) polysaccharides are ubiquitous components of the cell surface and extracellular matrix of all multicellular animals, whereas heparin is present within mast cells and can be viewed as a more sulfated, tissue-specific, HS variant. HS and heparin regulate biological processes through interactions with a large repertoire of proteins. Owing to these interactions and diverse effects observed during in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo experiments, manifold biological/pharmacological activities have been attributed to them'''''.'''

'''Mooney et al. 2016.Pathway analysis in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: An ensemble approach. American Journal of Medical Genetics. Volume 171, Sept 2016. &lt;nowiki&gt;https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/ajmg.b.32446&lt;/nowiki&gt;''' &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Mooney |first=Michael A. |last2=McWeeney |first2=Shannon K. |last3=Faraone |first3=Stephen V. |last4=Hinney |first4=Anke |last5=Hebebrand |first5=Johannes |last6=Consortium |first6=Image2 |last7=Group |first7=German ADHD GWAS |last8=Nigg |first8=Joel T. |last9=Wilmot |first9=Beth |date=2016 |title=Pathway analysis in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: An ensemble approach |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/ajmg.b.32446 |journal=American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics |language=en |volume=171 |issue=6 |pages=815–826 |doi=10.1002/ajmg.b.32446 |issn=1552-485X |pmc=4983253 |pmid=27004716}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''These results support previous hypotheses about the role of regulation of neurotransmitter release, neurite outgrowth and axon guidance in contributing to the ADHD phenotype and suggest the value of cross-method convergence in evaluating pathway analysis results.''

'''Nackaerts, K. et al. 1997. Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycan Expression In Human Lung-Cancer Cells. Int. J. Cancer (Pred. Oncol.): 74, 335–345 (1997) r 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc. &lt;nowiki&gt;https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Maurits_Demedts/publication/13997415_Heparan_sulfate_proteoglycan_expression_in_human_lung-cancer_cells/links/5600565108aeafc8ac8c7374.pdf&lt;/nowiki&gt;'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Nackaerts |first=Kris |last2=Verbeken |first2=Erik |last3=Deneffe |first3=Georges |last4=Vanderschueren |first4=Bernadette |last5=Demedts |first5=Maurits |last6=David |first6=Guido |date=1997-07-01 |title=Heparan sulfate proteoglycan expression in human lung-cancer cells |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/13997415_Heparan_sulfate_proteoglycan_expression_in_human_lung-cancer_cells |journal=International journal of cancer. Journal international du cancer |volume=74 |pages=335–45 |doi=10.1002/(SICI)1097-0215(19970620)74:33.3.CO;2-4}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Heparan sulfate (HS) functions as a co-factor in several signal-transduction systems that affect cellular growth, differentiation, adhesion and motility. HS, therefore, may also play a role in the malignant transformation of cells, tumor growth, cell invasiveness and the formation of tumor metastases. Our results suggest that poorly differentiated lung tumors have markedly altered patterns of HSPG expression, which may contribute to their invasive phenotype. Int. J. Cancer 74:335– 345, 1997.''

'''Nencini Sara , Ivanusic Jason J. The Physiology of Bone Pain. How Much Do We Really Know? Frontiers in Physiology. Volume 7 - 2016.''' '''&lt;nowiki&gt;https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/physiology/articles/10.3389/fphys.2016.00157&lt;/nowiki&gt;. DOI=10.3389/fphys.2016.00157. ISSN=1664-042X'''&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt; ''Pain is associated with most bony pathologies. Clinical and experimental observations suggest that bone pain can be derived from noxious stimulation of the periosteum or bone marrow Whilst these provide some clues as to the way information about bone pain is centrally coded, they need to be expanded to further our understanding of other central territories involved.''

'''Otsu, K.; Kato, S.; Ohtake, K.; Akamatsu, N. Alteration of rat liver proteoglycans during regeneration. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 1992, 294, 544–549. Alteration of rat liver proteoglycans during regeneration - PubMed (nih.gov)'''''. Heparan sulfates (HS) are probably the major GAGs present on the surface of hepatocytes under normal conditions. Nevertheless, HSPGs expression increases during liver regeneration. Using [35S] sulfuric acid incorporation, Otsu et al. showed that, in the hepatic regeneration phase after hepatectomy, the synthesis of heparin sulfate proteoglycans, and to a lesser extent, of chondroitin/dermatan sulfate proteoglycans, increases up to 3–5 days and is temporally shifted compared to the stage of maximum mitosis that occurs 1–2 days following the surgical procedure [94].'' 

'''Otsuka, T., Phan, A.Q., Laurencin, C.T. et al. Identification of Heparan-Sulfate Rich Cells in the Loose Connective Tissues of the Axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum) with the Potential to Mediate Growth Factor Signaling during Regeneration. Regen. Eng. Transl. Med. 6, 7–17 (2020). &lt;nowiki&gt;https://doi.org/10.1007/s40883-019-00140-3&lt;/nowiki&gt; &lt;nowiki&gt;https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40883-019-00140-3&lt;/nowiki&gt;'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Otsuka |first=T. |last2=Phan |first2=A. Q. |last3=Laurencin |first3=C. T. |last4=Esko |first4=J. D. |last5=Bryant |first5=S. V. |last6=Gardiner |first6=D. M. |date=2020-03 |title=Identification of Heparan-Sulfate Rich Cells in the Loose Connective Tissues of the Axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum) with the Potential to Mediate Growth Factor Signaling during Regeneration |url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s40883-019-00140-3 |journal=Regenerative Engineering and Translational Medicine |language=en |volume=6 |issue=1 |pages=7–17 |doi=10.1007/s40883-019-00140-3 |issn=2364-4133 |pmc=7971174 |pmid=33748405}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''. We hypothesized that there are cells in the axolotl that synthesize specific HSPGs that control growth factor signaling in time and space. Given their high level of HSPG expression, their stellate morphology, and their distribution throughout the loose connective tissues, we refer to these as the positional information GRID (Groups that are Regenerative, Interspersed and Dendritic) cells.''

'''Parish, C., 2005. Heparan sulfate and inflammation. Nature Immunology 6(9):861-2 ·  October. &lt;nowiki&gt;https://www.researchgate.net/publication/7645220_Heparan_sulfate_and_inflammation&lt;/nowiki&gt;.'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Parish |first=Christopher |date=2005-10-01 |title=Heparan sulfate and inflammation |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/7645220_Heparan_sulfate_and_inflammation |journal=Nature immunology |volume=6 |pages=861–2 |doi=10.1038/ni0905-861}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Entry of leukocytes into tissues is a key feature of inflammation. New data suggest the polysaccharide heparan sulfate is required for several stages of this entry process.''

'''Park, P.J, and D. Shukla. Role of heparan sulfate in ocular diseases, Experimental Eye Research, Volume 110, 2013, Pages 1-9, ISSN 0014-4835, &lt;nowiki&gt;https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exer.2013.01.015&lt;/nowiki&gt;.'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Park |first=Paul J. |last2=Shukla |first2=Deepak |date=2013-05-01 |title=Role of heparan sulfate in ocular diseases |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0014483513000274 |journal=Experimental Eye Research |volume=110 |pages=1–9 |doi=10.1016/j.exer.2013.01.015 |issn=0014-4835 |pmc=3638857 |pmid=23410824}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Abstract: Heparan sulfate (HS), a ubiquitous and structurally diverse cell surface polysaccharide and extracellular matrix component, is a factor common to several major eye pathologies. Its multitude of functions and variable distribution among the different ocular tissues makes it an important contributor to a variety of disease states. Although HS facilitates the pathogenesis of many disorders, its role in each varies. Unique functions of HS have been particularly noted in viral and bacterial keratitis and age-related macular degeneration.'' 

'''Pérez, C., Sawmiller, D. &amp; Tan, J. The role of heparan sulfate deficiency in autistic phenotype: potential involvement of Slit/Robo/srGAPs-mediated dendritic spine formation. Neural Dev 11, 11 (2016). &lt;nowiki&gt;https://doi.org/10.1186/s13064-016-0066-x&lt;/nowiki&gt;''' &lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt; ''Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) are the second most common developmental cause of disability in the United States. The brains of ASD patients have marked structural abnormalities, in the form of increased dendritic spines and decreased long distance connections. These structural differences may be due to deficiencies in Heparin Sulfate (HS), a proteoglycan involved in a variety of neurodevelopmental processes. Through interference with this pathway, HS deficiency can lead to excess spine formation.''

'''Poli, Maura, Michela Asperti, Paola Ruzzenenti, Annamaria Naggi, and Paolo Arosio. 2017. &quot;Non-Anticoagulant Heparins Are Hepcidin Antagonists for the Treatment of Anemia&quot; Molecules 22, no. 4: 598. &lt;nowiki&gt;https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules22040598&lt;/nowiki&gt;'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Poli |first=Maura |last2=Asperti |first2=Michela |last3=Ruzzenenti |first3=Paola |last4=Naggi |first4=Annamaria |last5=Arosio |first5=Paolo |date=2017-04-08 |title=Non-Anticoagulant Heparins Are Hepcidin Antagonists for the Treatment of Anemia |url=https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/22/4/598 |journal=Molecules |language=en |volume=22 |issue=4 |pages=598 |doi=10.3390/molecules22040598 |issn=1420-3049 |pmc=6154463 |pmid=28397746}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''This review summarizes recent findings on the anti-hepcidin activity of heparins and their possible use for the treatment of anemia caused by hepcidin excess, including the anemia of chronic diseases.''

'''Russel A.L. and M.F.McCarty, 2000 Glucosamine for migraine prophylaxis?  Medical Hypotheses. Volume 55, Issue 3, September 2000, Pages 195-198. &lt;nowiki&gt;http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306987799910125&lt;/nowiki&gt;''' ''We postulate that supplemental glucosamine can boost mast cell heparin synthesis – perhaps correcting a functional heparin deficiency – thereby preventing or ameliorating the neurogenic inflammation that mediates pain in vascular headache. Whether or not this idea has validity, a controlled study of glucosamine for migraine prophylaxis appears to be warranted.''

'''Stringer, S.E. and Gallagher. 1997. Molecules in focus. Heparan sulphate. The International Journal of Biochemistry &amp; Cell Biology, Volume 29, Issue 5, 1997.''' ''Heparan sulphates, the N-sulphated polysaccharides components of proteoglycans, are common constituents of cell surfaces and the extracellular matrix. The diverse functions of heparan sulphate, which range from the control of blood coagulation to the regulation of cell growth and adhesion, depend on the capacity of the chains to activate protein ligands, such as antithrombin III and members of the fibroblast growth factor family. These properties are currently being exploited in the development of synthetic heparan sulphates as anticoagulants and promoters of wound healing. Conversely organic mimics of growth factor activating saccharides could possibly be designed to suppress tumour growth and prevent restenosis after coronary vessel angioplasty.''

'''Theoharides TC et al.  1999. Stress-induced rat intestinal mast cell intragranular activation and inhibitory effect of sulfated proteoglycans.  Digestive Diseases and Sciences [1999, 44 (8 Suppl):87S-93S]. Pages 709-714. &lt;nowiki&gt;http://europepmc.org/abstract/med/10490045&lt;/nowiki&gt;''' ''Cyclic vomiting syndrome is characterized by sudden episodes of vomiting and abdominal pain. It occurs primarily in children, is exacerbated by stress, and is often considered a migraine equivalent. Migraines have been linked to mast cells, which are often found close to neurons where they are activated by neuropeptides. We investigated the ultrastructural appearance of rat ileal brush border and mast cells following acute stress by immobilization.These results suggest the possible usefulness of chondroitin sulfate in conditions such as cyclic vomiting syndrome.''

'''Thompson, W.R. 2011. Perlecan modulates the function of the osteocyte lacuno-canalicular system. University of Delaware, ProQuest Dissertations Publishing, 2011. 3443246.''' ''In this study, along with my colleagues, I examined osteocyte lacunocanalicular morphology in mice deficient in the large heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG) PLN in this tissue. . . Ultrastructural measurements using electron micrograph images of PLN deficient mice demonstrate a significant decrease in osteocyte canalicular pericellular area, resulting from a reduction in the total canalicular area, when compared to controls. Additionally, PLN deficient mice show significantly diminished canalicular density and a significant reduction in the number of transverse tethering elements per canaliculus.''

'''van den Born J, van den Heuvel LP, Bakker MA, Veerkamp JH, Assmann KJ, Weening JJ, Berden JH., 1993. ''Distribution of GBM heparan sulfate proteoglycan core protein and side chains in human glomerular diseases.'' Kidney Int. 1993 Feb;43(2):454-63. &lt;nowiki&gt;http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8441243&lt;/nowiki&gt;'''  ''Using monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) recognizing either the core protein or the heparan sulfate (HS) side chain of human GBM heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG), we investigated their glomerular distribution on cryostat sections of human kidney tissues. In conclusion, major alterations were observed in the glomerular distribution of HS and HSPG-core in various human glomerulopathies. The mAbs can be useful to further delineate the significance of HSPG and HS for glomerular diseases.''

'''Vicente, Carolina Meloni, da Silva, Daiana Aparecida, Sartorio, Priscila Veronica, Silva, Tiago Donizetti, Saad, Sarhan Sydney, Nader, Helena Bonciani, Forones, Nora Manoukian, Toma, Leny, Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans in Human Colorectal Cancer, Analytical Cellular Pathology, 2018, 8389595, 10 pages, 2018.''' &lt;nowiki&gt;https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/8389595&lt;/nowiki&gt;'''  &lt;nowiki&gt;https://www.hindawi.com/journals/acp/2018/8389595/&lt;/nowiki&gt;''' ''Heparan sulfate proteoglycans are complex molecules present in the cell membrane and extracellular matrix, which play vital roles in cell adhesion, migration, proliferation, and signaling pathways. Heparan sulfate proteoglycans are candidate molecules to clarify colorectal cancer tumorigenesis, as well as important targets to therapy and diagnosis.''

'''Vlodavestky, I. et al. 2007. Heparanase: Structure, Biological Functions, and Inhibition by Heparin-Derived Mimetics of Heparan Sulfate. Current Pharmaceutical Design, Volume 13, Number 20, July 2007, pp. 2057-2073(17). &lt;nowiki&gt;http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/ben/cpd/2007/00000013/00000020/art00004&lt;/nowiki&gt;''' ''Heparanase is an endoglycosidase which cleaves heparan sulfate (HS) and hence participates in degradation and remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Heparanase is preferentially expressed in human tumors and its over-expression in tumor cells confers an invasive phenotype in experimental animals. These observations and the unexpected identification of a single functional heparanase, suggest that the enzyme is a promising target for anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory drug development.''

'''Weihua T. et al. 2002. Heparanase: A Key Enzyme in Invasion and Metastasis of Gastric Carcinoma.Mod Pathol 2002;15(6):593–59. &lt;nowiki&gt;http://www.nature.com/modpathol/journal/v15/n6/abs/3880571a.html&lt;/nowiki&gt;''' ''Previous reports have shown that the biochemical activity of heparanase is significantly correlated with the invasion and metastasis of malignant cells in vitro.'' ''It was concluded that heparanase might play an important role in the development of invasion and metastasis of the gastric cancer. It was indicated that patients with heparanase-positive gastric carcinoma would have a greater chance of metastasis with a poor prognosis.''

'''Whitelock John M. and Renato V. Iozzo, 2005. H''eparan Sulfate:  A Complex Polymer Charged with Biological Activity''. Chem. Rev., 2005, 105 (7), pp 2745–2764. &lt;nowiki&gt;http://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/cr0102&lt;/nowiki&gt;''' ''  “HS is a complex and highly active biopolymer…” one section is on heparan sulfate therapies,''

'''Yan Yin, Adam Wang, Li Feng, Yu Wang, Hong Zhang, Ivy Zhang, Brent M Bany, Liang Ma, Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycan Sulfation Regulates Uterine Differentiation and Signaling During Embryo Implantation, Endocrinology, Volume 159, Issue 6, June 2018, Pages 2459–2472, &lt;nowiki&gt;https://doi.org/10.1210/en.2018-00105&lt;/nowiki&gt;'''  ''One important modulator of these signaling pathways is the cell surface and extracellular matrix macromolecules, heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs). HSPGs play crucial roles in signal transduction by regulating morphogen transport and ligand binding. In this study, we examine the role of HSPG sulfation in regulating uterine receptivity…''

'''Zhongjun Zhou et al. 2004.  Impaired Angiogenesis, Delayed Wound Healing and Retarded Tumor Growth in Perlecan Heparan Sulfate-Deficient Mice. DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-04-0810 Published July 2004. &lt;nowiki&gt;http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/64/14/4699&lt;/nowiki&gt;.''' ''Perlecan, a modular proteoglycan carrying primary heparan sulfate (HS) side chains, is a major component of blood vessel basement membranes.Perlecan HS-deficient (Hspg2Δ3/Δ3) mice survived embryonic development and were apparently healthy as adults. However, mutant mice exhibited significantly delayed wound healing, retarded FGF-2-induced tumor growth, and defective angiogenesis.''

'''Zhu W, Li J, Liang G. How does cellular heparan sulfate function in viral pathogenicity? Biomed Environ Sci. 2011 Feb;24(1):81-7. doi: 10.3967/0895-3988.2011.01.011. PMID: 2144084'''4. ''Heparan sulfate (HS) is ubiquitously expressed on the surfaces and in the extracellular matrix of virtually all cell types, making it an ideal receptor for viral infection. Understanding how heparan sulfate functions during virus infection in vivo may prove critical for elucidating the molecular mechanism of viral pathogenesis, and may contribute to the development of therapeutics targeting HS''.

== Case studies ==
'''Ahn, YS., Kim, S., Kim, WJ. et al. Characteristics of hip impingement syndrome in patients with multiple hereditary exostoses. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 22, 153 (2021). &lt;nowiki&gt;https://doi.org/10.1186/s12891-021-04021-1&lt;/nowiki&gt;'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Ahn |first=Yeong-Seub |last2=Kim |first2=Sungmin |last3=Kim |first3=Woo-Jong |last4=Lim |first4=Jun-Hyuk |last5=Jung |first5=Sung-Taek |date=2021-02-06 |title=Characteristics of hip impingement syndrome in patients with multiple hereditary exostoses |url=https://doi.org/10.1186/s12891-021-04021-1 |journal=BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders |language=en |volume=22 |issue=1 |pages=153 |doi=10.1186/s12891-021-04021-1 |issn=1471-2474 |pmc=7868013 |pmid=33549073}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Between 2001 and 2019, total 51 patients (102 hips) were evaluated in this study. Patients with MHE were classified to femoro-acetabular impingement (FAI) symptom group, ischio-femoral impingement (IFI) symptom group and non-impingement symptom group by comparing the symptoms, clinical signs and imaging studies.'' 

'''Albokhari, Daniah, Christopher R. Bailey, Francis Hwang, Clifford R. Weiss, Jonathan Forsberg, Nara Sobreira.  2023. Venous malformation may be a feature of EXT1-related hereditary multiple exostoses: A report of two unrelated probands.  American Journal of Medical Genetics.''' '' ''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Albokhari |first=Daniah |last2=Bailey |first2=Christopher R. |last3=Hwang |first3=Francis |last4=Weiss |first4=Clifford R. |last5=Forsberg |first5=Jonathan |last6=Sobreira |first6=Nara |date=2023 |title=Venous malformation may be a feature of EXT1-related hereditary multiple exostoses: A report of two unrelated probands |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/ajmg.a.63158 |journal=American Journal of Medical Genetics Part A |language=en |volume=191 |issue=6 |pages=1570–1575 |doi=10.1002/ajmg.a.63158 |issn=1552-4833}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Report two unrelated probands that presented with a clinical and molecular diagnosis of HME with venous malformation, a clinical feature not previously reported in individuals with HME.''

'''Anel-Quimpo, Joselynna, Mark Anthony Santiago Sandoval, Frances Lina Lantion-Ang, 2011. Hypercalcaemia from genitourinary tuberculosis in a female with multiple exostoses. BMJ Journals. &lt;nowiki&gt;https://casereports.bmj.com/content/2011/bcr.12.2010.3651&lt;/nowiki&gt;.'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Anel-Quimpo |first=Joselynna |last2=Sandoval |first2=Mark Anthony Santiago |last3=Lantion-Ang |first3=Frances Lina |date=2011-05-17 |title=Hypercalcaemia from genitourinary tuberculosis in a female with multiple exostoses |url=https://casereports.bmj.com/content/2011/bcr.12.2010.3651 |journal=BMJ Case Reports |language=en |volume=2011 |pages=bcr1220103651 |doi=10.1136/bcr.12.2010.3651 |issn=1757-790X}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''The authors present a puzzling case of nephrolithiasis, hypercalcaemia, amenorrhoea, short stature and gross skeletal deformities in a 30-year-old female. Multiple pituitary hormone deficiency and metabolic bone disease were initially considered but were eventually excluded. The final diagnosis is genitourinary tuberculosis (TB) which caused the hypercalcaemia, nephrolithiasis and amenorrhoea, and also found to have the syndrome of multiple exostoses which explained the gross skeletal deformities and the short stature. After treatment with anti-TB therapy, there was resolution of hypercalcaemia and return of regular menstruation. The short stature and gross skeletal deformities remain as part of the congenital syndrome.''

'''Bari MS, Jahangir Alam MM, Chowdhury FR, Dhar PB, Begum A. 2012. Hereditary multiple exostoses causing cord compression. J Coll Physicians Surg Pak 22:797–799.'''&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;''' ''' ''Neurological presentations are rare and usually happened due to direct compression of a peripheral nerve or nerve root or less often the spinal cord. This case is possibly the first case of HME described from Bangladesh, presented with dorsal cord compression. Decompression was done and the complaints of myelopathy were improved.''

'''Caino, Silvia, Marisa Angelica Cubilla, Romina Alba, María Gabriela Obregón, Virginia Fano, Abel Gómez, Lorena Zecchini, Pablo Lapunzina, Miriam Aza-Carmona, Karen E. Heath, and et al. 2022. &quot;Clinical and Genetic Analysis of Multiple Osteochondromas in a Cohort of Argentine Patients&quot; Genes 13, no. 11: 2063.''' '''&lt;nowiki&gt;https://doi.org/10.3390/genes13112063&lt;/nowiki&gt;'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Caino |first=Silvia |last2=Cubilla |first2=Marisa Angelica |last3=Alba |first3=Romina |last4=Obregón |first4=María Gabriela |last5=Fano |first5=Virginia |last6=Gómez |first6=Abel |last7=Zecchini |first7=Lorena |last8=Lapunzina |first8=Pablo |last9=Aza-Carmona |first9=Miriam |last10=Heath |first10=Karen E. |last11=Asteggiano |first11=Carla Gabriela |date=2022-11-07 |title=Clinical and Genetic Analysis of Multiple Osteochondromas in a Cohort of Argentine Patients |url=https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4425/13/11/2063 |journal=Genes |language=en |volume=13 |issue=11 |pages=2063 |doi=10.3390/genes13112063 |issn=2073-4425 |pmc=9690389 |pmid=36360300}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Multiple Osteochondromatosis (MO, MIM 133700 &amp; 133701), an autosomal dominant O-glycosylation disorder (EXT1/EXT2-CDG), can be associated with a reduction in skeletal growth, bony deformity, restricted joint motion, shortened stature and pathogenic variants in two tumor suppressor genes, EXT1 and EXT2. In this work, we report a cross-sectional study including 35 index patients and 20 affected family members. Clinical phenotyping of all 55 affected cases was obtained, but genetic studies were performed only in 35 indexes.''

'''Hariri O, Al Laham O, Ibrahim Basha Z, Ghannam E, Ghannam M, Mohammad A. Multiple Hereditary Exostoses instigating a popliteal pseudoaneurysm in a young Middle Eastern male: A case report and literature review. Int J Surg Case Rep. 2024 Apr 12;118:109633. doi: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2024.109633. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 38626641; PMCID: PMC11035074.'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Hariri |first=Omar |last2=Al Laham |first2=Omar |last3=Ibrahim Basha |first3=Zein |last4=Ghannam |first4=Eman |last5=Ghannam |first5=Mohammad |last6=Mohammad |first6=Ammar |date=2024-05 |title=Multiple Hereditary Exostoses instigating a popliteal pseudoaneurysm in a young Middle Eastern male: A case report and literature review |url=https://journals.lww.com/10.1016/j.ijscr.2024.109633 |journal=International Journal of Surgery Case Reports |language=en |volume=118 |issue=C |doi=10.1016/j.ijscr.2024.109633 |issn=2210-2612 |pmc=11035074 |pmid=38626641}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''We present the case of a 37-year-old Middle Eastern male with Multiple Hereditary Exostoses who experienced sudden-onset left lower limb pain persisting for a month prior to admission. It was associated with coldness and paresthesia of the ipsilateral lower limb. The presurgical radiological workup uncovered a popliteal pseudoaneurysm subsequent to Multiple Hereditary Exostoses.''

'''Kambouris, M., Fadda A, Al-Arraj, Y, et al., 2016. Putative Relation Between Autism Spectrum Disease &amp; Hereditary Multiple Exostosis Investigated by Whole Genome Sequencing &amp; Comparative Genome Analyses in a Family with ASD and HME with EXT-1 Mutations''' ''A family with two male children affected with ASD and HME as well as an unaffected female child, was studied to identify the Genetic basis of ASD in the family and the possible relation between ASD &amp; HME. The HME unaffected parent [mother] contributed heterozygous variants in the Heparan Sulfate biosynthesis pathway that in synergy with the EXT-1 mutation could be the genetic causes of ASD in the family.''

'''Kim, Min Jeong, Yunjin Lee, Sang Ook Nam, Young Mi Kim, 2021. An 8q24.11q24.13 Microdeletion Encompassing EXT1 in a Boy with Autistic Spectrum Disorder, Intellectual Disability, and Multiple Hereditary Exostoses. Annals of Child Neurology. Letter to the Editor, 11/9/2021.''' ''Here, we describe the case of a boy with a microdeletion (8q24.11q24.13 [118,625,768-124,169,620]×1), who presented with autism, intellectual disability, and MHE. the parents signed informed consent and approved the anonymous use of clinical and molecular data for the present diagnostic study'''''.'''

'''Küçükesmen, Çiḡdem DDS, PhD, Buḡra Özen, DDS, PhD,b and Mustafa Akçam, DDS, PhDc, 1997. Multiple Hereditary Osteochondromatosis: A Case Report. Eur J Dent. 2007 Jul; 1(3): 183–187.&lt;nowiki&gt;https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih&lt;/nowiki&gt;.''' ''Common carious lesions owing to vomiting are not widespread in children. In this case, we aimed to report an 11-years-old male patient with common carious lesions due to repeated vomitings, chewing and eating difficulty and retarded growth with Multiple Hereditary Osteochondromatosis (MHO).''

'''Li H, Yamagata T, Mori M, Momoi MY. 2002.Association of autism in two patients with hereditary multiple exostoses caused by novel deletion mutations of EXT1. J Hum Genet 2002;47:262-5. &lt;nowiki&gt;https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12032595/&lt;/nowiki&gt;.'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Li |first=Hung |last2=Yamagata |first2=Takanori |last3=Mori |first3=Masato |last4=Momoi |first4=Mariko Y. |date=2002 |title=Association of autism in two patients with hereditary multiple exostoses caused by novel deletion mutations of EXT1 |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12032595 |journal=Journal of Human Genetics |volume=47 |issue=5 |pages=262–265 |doi=10.1007/s100380200036 |issn=1434-5161 |pmid=12032595}}&lt;/ref&gt;''  Two boys from separate families presented with hereditary multiple exostoses (EXT) and autism associated with mental retardation.'' 

'''Malagón, V., 2001.  Development of Hip Dysplasia in Hereditary Multiple Exostosis. Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics, 21(2): 205-211.  &lt;nowiki&gt;https://journals.lww.com/pedorthopaedics/Abstract/2001/03000/Development_of_Hip_Dysplasia_in_Hereditary.14.aspx&lt;/nowiki&gt;''.'''''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Development of Hip Dysplasia in Hereditary... : Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics |url=https://www.ovid.com/jnls/pedorthopaedics/fulltext/01241398-200103000-00014~development-of-hip-dysplasia-in-hereditary-multiple |access-date=2026-07-16 |website=Ovid |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''In approximately 25% of patients with hereditary multiple exostosis, there is an abnormal osteochondral formation localized in the femoral proximal metaphysis. Although this entity is rather frequent and quite severe, it is rarely found in the medical literature. The author describes six private cases, taken from a total of 24,000 patients (0.25/1000) as examples of this entity, and provides a review of the literature.'' 

'''Mazza, D., Fabbri, M., Calderaro, C., Iorio, C., Labianca, L., Poggi, C., Turturro, F., Montanaro, A., &amp; Ferretti, A. (2017). Chest pain caused by multiple exostoses of the ribs: A case report and a review of literature. World journal of orthopedics, 8(5), 436–440. https://doi.org/10.5312/wjo.v8.i5.436&lt;nowiki/&gt;.'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Mazza |first=Daniele |last2=Fabbri |first2=Mattia |last3=Calderaro |first3=Cosma |last4=Iorio |first4=Carlo |last5=Labianca |first5=Luca |last6=Poggi |first6=Camilla |last7=Turturro |first7=Francesco |last8=Montanaro |first8=Antonello |last9=Ferretti |first9=Andrea |date=2017 |title=Chest pain caused by multiple exostoses of the ribs: A case report and a review of literature |url=http://www.wjgnet.com/2218-5836/full/v8/i5/436.htm |journal=World Journal of Orthopedics |language=en |volume=8 |issue=5 |pages=436 |doi=10.5312/wjo.v8.i5.436 |issn=2218-5836 |pmc=5434351 |pmid=28567348}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''An exceptional case of multiple internal exostoses of the ribs in a young patient affected by multiple hereditary exostoses (MHE) coming to our observation for chest pain as the only symptom of an intra-thoracic localization. The computed tomography (CT) scan revealed the presence of three exostoses located on the left third, fourth and sixth ribs, all protruding into the thoracic cavity, directly in contact with visceral pleura. Moreover, the apex of the one located on the sixth rib revealed to be only 12 mm away from pericardium.'' 

'''Montgomery BK, Cahan EM, Frick S. Spinal Screening MRI Trends in Patients with Multiple Hereditary Exostoses: National Survey- PubMed''' '''. Cureus. 2019 Dec 23;11(12):e6452. doi: 10.7759/cureus.6452. PMID: 32010535; PMCID: PMC6975245'''''.''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Montgomery |first=Blake K |last2=Cahan |first2=Eli M |last3=Frick |first3=Steve |date=2019-12-23 |title=Spinal Screening MRI Trends in Patients with Multiple Hereditary Exostoses: National Survey |url=https://www.cureus.com/articles/23789-spinal-screening-mri-trends-in-patients-with-multiple-hereditary-exostoses-national-survey |journal=Cureus |language=en |doi=10.7759/cureus.6452 |issn=2168-8184 |pmc=6975245 |pmid=32010535}}&lt;/ref&gt;  ''Background Multiple hereditary exostoses (MHE) is a rare disease characterized by multiple osteochondromas. Osteochondromas growing into the spinal canal can produce devastating consequences, including permanent neurologic deficits and even death.  This study presents a case of an intracanal osteochondroma at C1 identified by routine screening and a survey describing current practices of MHE experts.''

'''Narvid, J., M. L. Gorno-Tempini, A. Slavotinek, S. J. DeArmond, Y. H. Cha, B. L. Miller &amp; K. Rankin, 2009. Of brain and bone: The unusual case of Dr. A. Neurocase Vol. 15, Iss. 3, 2009.''' '''&lt;nowiki&gt;http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13554790802632967&lt;/nowiki&gt;'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Narvid |first=J. |last2=Gorno-Tempini |first2=M. L. |last3=Slavotinek |first3=A. |last4=DeArmond |first4=S. J. |last5=Cha |first5=Y. H. |last6=Miller |first6=B. L. |last7=Rankin |first7=K. |date=2009-06-01 |title=Of brain and bone: The unusual case of Dr. A |url=https://doi.org/10.1080/13554790802632967 |journal=Neurocase |volume=15 |issue=3 |pages=190–205 |doi=10.1080/13554790802632967 |issn=1355-4794 |pmc=2997763 |pmid=20183548}}&lt;/ref&gt;''. Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is a clinical syndrome characterized by progressive decline in social conduct and a focal pattern of frontal and temporal lobe damage. Its biological basis is still poorly understood but the focality of the brain degeneration provides a powerful model to study the cognitive and anatomical basis of social cognition. Here, we present Dr. A, a patient with a rare hereditary bone disease (hereditary multiple exostoses) and FTD (pathologically characterized as Pick's disease),  This case provides new evidence regarding the neural basis of social cognition and suggests a possible genetic link between bone disease and FTD.''

'''Puiu1, Maria , Iulia Simina-Jurca, Simona Dumitriu, Smaranda Arghirescu,  Adela Chirita-Emandi,  2012. . Multiple Hereditary Exostoses - Clinical Features and Management.''' ''We report two cases of skeletally immature patients who presented with multiple exostoses, bone deformation without bone pain; and growth and pubertal retardation. The cases need adequate counseling, long-term follow-up, and measures to improve the quality of life of patients with multiple hereditary exostoses.''

'''Stitzman Wengrowicz, M.L., J  Pretell-Mazzini,  J.P. Dormans, R.S. Davidson, 2011.. Regression of a Sessile Osteochondroma: A Case Study and Review of the Literature.''' ''&lt;nowiki&gt;https://www.researchgate.net/publication/267426996_Regression_of_a_Sessile_Osteochondroma_A_Case_Study_and_Review_of_the_Literature&lt;/nowiki&gt; . The most common benign bone tumor is osteochondroma.  Its natural history is poorly understood as a consequence of its benign symptomatology in most cases. It typically grows in childhood and growth during adulthood can be a sign of malignant  degeneration. We present  a case of  spontaneous regression of  a solitary osteochondroma.  A review of the  current  literature which  reveals 21  other cases of  spontaneous regression  of solitary  osteochondromas is also discussed. We believe that the possibility of regression of solitary osteochondromas should be taken into account when considering surgical excision.''

'''Viala P, Vanel D, Larbi A, Cyteval C, Laredo JD. Bilateral ischiofemoral impingement in a patient with hereditary multiple exostoses. Skeletal Radiol. 2012;41:1637–40. [PubMed] &lt;nowiki&gt;https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22865159/&lt;/nowiki&gt;.'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Viala |first=Pierre |last2=Vanel |first2=Daniel |last3=Larbi |first3=Ahmed |last4=Cyteval |first4=Catherine |last5=Laredo |first5=Jean-Denis |date=2012-12 |title=Bilateral ischiofemoral impingement in a patient with hereditary multiple exostoses |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22865159 |journal=Skeletal Radiology |volume=41 |issue=12 |pages=1637–1640 |doi=10.1007/s00256-012-1488-0 |issn=1432-2161 |pmid=22865159}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''We report a case of bilateral ischiofemoral impingement in a patient with hereditary multiple exostoses. The association of exostoses and femoral metaphyseal widening resulted in the narrowing of the ischiofemoral spaces.''

'''Wang YZ, Park KW, Oh CS, Ahn YS, Kang QL, Jung ST, Song HR. Developmental pattern of the hip in patients with hereditary multiple exostoses. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2015;16:54'''''.'' '''https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4429362/&lt;nowiki/&gt;.'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Wang |first=Ya-Zhou |last2=Park |first2=Kwang-Won |last3=Oh |first3=Chang-Seon |last4=Ahn |first4=Yeong-Seub |last5=Kang |first5=Qing-Lin |last6=Jung |first6=Sung-Taek |last7=Song |first7=Hae-Ryong |date=2015-03-15 |title=Developmental pattern of the hip in patients with hereditary multiple exostoses |url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4429362/ |journal=BMC musculoskeletal disorders |volume=16 |pages=54 |doi=10.1186/s12891-015-0514-5 |issn=1471-2474 |pmc=4429362 |pmid=25888017}}&lt;/ref&gt; '''C'''''oxa valga is a common clinical feature of hereditary multiple exostoses (HME). The current study aimed to determine the unique developmental pattern of the hip in patients with HME and evaluate the factors that influence its progression.''

'''Wiater JM, Farley FA. Popliteal pseudoaneurysm caused by an adjacent osteochondroma: a case report and review of the literature. Am J Orthop (Belle Mead NJ). 1999 Jul;28(7):412-6. PMID: 10426440.'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Wiater |first=J. M. |last2=Farley |first2=F. A. |date=1999-07 |title=Popliteal pseudoaneurysm caused by an adjacent osteochondroma: a case report and review of the literature |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10426440 |journal=American Journal of Orthopedics |volume=28 |issue=7 |pages=412–416 |issn=1078-4519 |pmid=10426440}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''A male 17-year-old with multiple hereditary exostoses presented with a mass in the distal left thigh several days after lifting weights. An arteriogram showed a popliteal artery pseudoaneurysm adjacent to a femoral osteochondroma. The osteochondroma was excised and the artery was repaired with a saphenous vein interposition graft. A review of the literature identified 23 similar reports. The average age of the patients was 21.3 years. Seventy-eight percent were men and half of the patients had multiple hereditary exostoses. Ten patients were initially misdiagnosed. The clinician should consider the diagnosis of pseudoaneurysm in a young patient with an osteochondroma and a mass about the knee.''

'''Zaijun L, Xinhai Y, Zhipeng W, Wending H, Quan H, Zhenhua Z, Dapeng F, Jisheng Z, Wei Z, Jianru X. 2013. Outcome and prognosis of myelopathy and radiculopathy from osteochondroma in the mobile spine: a report on 14 patients. J Spinal Disord Tech 26:194–199.''' ''Fourteen symptomatic spinal osteochondroma (OC)  cases, including 2 hereditary multiple exostoses, were treated surgically from 2001 to 2010.''

= People and books with HME: =
[[w:Deena_Larsen|Deena Larsen]] wrote about her mother at http://www.deenalarsen.net/firs

Irv Rosenfeld wrote about his experiences with medical marijuana from the U.S. government in My Medicine.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=MY MEDICINE |url=https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/22078567-my-medicine |access-date=2026-07-15 |website=Goodreads |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

= Spanish Translation =


Problemas de deficiencia de proteoglicano de sulfato de heparán (HSPG). La MHE es el resultado de una mutación en los genes EXT1 y EXT2. Los pacientes con MHE tienen una biosíntesis de HSPG defectuosa: sus cuerpos no producen HSPG (cf Cueller et al. 2013 y Jones et al. 2014). Los HSPG son parte de cada superficie celular y regulan los procesos biológicos (cf Zak et al. 2002, Meneghetti et al. 2015). Desempeñan un papel vital en la adhesión, migración, crecimiento y comunicación celular (Vicente et al. 2018). Whitlock e Iozzo (2005) han identificado varias enfermedades relacionadas con la ausencia de HSPG (es decir, si un proceso corporal requiere HSPG y no hay suficiente HSPG para completar esa función, entonces podrían ocurrir estos problemas). Los pacientes con MHE han reportado síntomas como:

* Baja masa ósea (Nozawa et al. 2018 y Matsumoto et al. 2020)
* Deficiencias neurológicas: Trastorno del espectro autista (Li et al, 2002, Fumitoshi et al. 2012, Irie et al, 2012, Yamaguchi 2012, Perez et al. 2015, Kambouris et al. 2016, Kim et al 2022); y problemas cognitivos (Farhan et al. 2015)
* Demencia frontotemporal (Narvid et al. 2009) y TDAH (Mooney et al. 2016), función cerebral (Condomitti y Wit 2018). Vea también el vídeo de ratones MHE en &lt;nowiki&gt;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6-EXRt_YL6A&lt;/nowiki&gt;.
* Enfermedades oculares (Park y Shukla, 2013)
* Defectos dentales (Kucukesmen et al. 2007 y Wiweger et al. 2012)
* Prediabetes (Heibert 2021)Diabetes y dificultad para controlar la glucosa (Matsuzawa 2021)
* Reacciones medicamentosas inusuales (muchos medicamentos actúan sobre el dominio de unión del heparán [Boer y Gaillard 2007]) 
* Fatiga severa y continua (Berg et al. 1999)
* Problemas gástricos graves, incluidas úlceras no causadas por H. pylori (Ascencio et al. 1993 y Chmiela et al. 1995), cáncer gástrico (Weihua et al. 2002) y síndrome de vómitos cíclicos (Kucukesmen et al. 2007 y Theoharides et al. 1999)
* Cálculos renales y otros problemas (véase Van den Born et al. 1993 y Farhan et al. 2015)
* Vértigo e hiperacusia (Lundberg et al., 2014) y migrañas
* Problemas pulmonares (Nackerts et al. 1997 y Haeger et al. 2016)
* Anemia (Poli et al. 2017), coágulos sanguíneos y coagulación (Stringer y Gallagher 1997 y Ho et al. 1997), pseudoaneurismas (Wiater y Farley 1996 y Harari et al. 2024)
* Problemas menstruales y de embarazo extremadamente dolorosos (Alphin et al. 1988, Yin et al. 2018)
* Inflamación (Parroquia 2005); cicatrización lenta de heridas (Zhongjun et al. 2004); cicatrices y queloides (Hosalkar et al. 2007, y problemas del tejido conectivo (Forsberg y Kjellen, 2001 y Otsuka et al. 2020).
* Funciones hepáticas (Arnold et al. 2020 y Dituri et al. 2022)
* Funciones del colesterol y los lípidos (Kolsett y Salmverta 1999) y Síntesis de vitamina D (Cooper 2021)  '''Problemas de crecimiento óseo.''' En la MHE, la falta de HSPG hace que los pacientes desarrollen exostosis, que son tumores benignos en múltiples ubicaciones en todo el cuerpo (Brown 2008, Thompson 2011 y Mansouri et al. 2017). La gravedad (número y tamaño de los tumores y otras complicaciones) de la MHE varía de un paciente a otro. Las exostosis en sí mismas pueden causar numerosos problemas, incluidos: irritación de tendones y músculos que produce dolor y pérdida de movimiento, deformidad esquelética, baja estatura, discrepancia en la longitud de las extremidades, subluxaciones y deformidad angular. Los problemas directamente asociados con estas exostosis incluyen:

* Dolor crónico y problemas con la calidad de vida (Goud et al. 2012)
* Inflamación, respuestas inmunitarias (Callaghan et al. 2018 y Collins y Troeberg 2019)
* Formación de bursa y bursitis resultante, así como artritis de aparición temprana.
* Problemas respiratorios y pulmonares al estar sobre costillas que sobresalen hacia la cavidad torácica (Mazza et al. 2017)
* Irritación de un nervio cercano (dolor, debilidad, entumecimiento, hormigueo)
* Aneurisma de vasos sanguíneos por exostosis que presionan los vasos sanguíneos u otros problemas vasculares (Albokhari et al. 2023)
* Problemas de compresión de la médula espinal: incontinencia, daño nerv'''Résumé de la MEM pour les médecins et les écoles'''

== References ==</text>
      <sha1>7x7qdxf03iunrv5hznrjzb9sfomf2ls</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>About Monsters And Angels</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>485372</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4680565</id>
      <parentid>4677076</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T20:49:45Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>3MMPEYTON</username>
        <id>3393808</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4680565</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2597" sha1="47ubb4jsmll2ernvr01gq1l2vbcpdul" xml:space="preserve">{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+ Monsters In Art
|-
| [[File:Terracotta vase in the form of a ketos (sea monster) MET DP225817.jpg|thumb|Terracotta vase in the form of a ketos (sea monster), Greek, Cretan or South Italian (MET, 2009.529)]] || [[File:Sleeping Monsters MET DP828505.jpg|thumb|Sleeping Monsters, print, John Hamilton Mortimer (MET, 62.602.152)]] || [[File:Marine Monster MET DP-93-001.jpg|thumb|Marine Monster - statuette by Severo Calzetta da Ravenna (MET, 25.142.7)]]
|}
&lt;br&gt;

 &lt;br&gt;'''Monster, a threatening force from the far-side.''' &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;This book will introduce four fictional creations with odd human connections: &lt;br&gt;zombie-person &lt;br&gt;ghost-person &lt;br&gt;werewolf-person &lt;br&gt;demon-person &lt;br&gt;...and Angels. &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;This book is intended as a short conceptual guide for readers interested in folklore, storytelling, monsters and angels. &lt;br&gt;Link: [[About_Monsters_And_Angels/Questions_And_Answers|About Monsters And Angels: Questions And Answers]]

&lt;br&gt;

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+ About Monsters And Angels
|-
! Guardian Angel !! The Sleep Of Reason Produces Monsters
|-
| [[File:The story of our Christianity; an account of the struggles, persecutions, wars, and victories of Christians of all times (1893) (14783658362).jpg|thumb|The story of our Christianity; an account of the struggles, persecutions, wars, and victories of Christians of all times (1893) (14783658362)]] || [[File:Plate 43 from 'Los Caprichos'- The sleep of reason produces monsters (El sueño de la razon produce monstruos) MET MM2149.jpg|thumb|Plate 43 from 'Los Caprichos': The sleep of reason produces monsters (El sueño de la razon produce monstruos), print, Goya (Francisco de Goya y Lucientes) (MET, 18.64(43))]]
|}
&lt;br&gt; 
&lt;br&gt;
 &lt;br&gt; &quot;Monsters are real, and ghosts are real too. They live inside of us, and sometimes, they win.&quot; - Stephen King
&lt;br&gt;

 &lt;br&gt;'''Table Of Content:'''&lt;br&gt;
[[About_Monsters_And_Angels/Introduction|About Monsters And Angels: Introduction]] To Monsters!&lt;br&gt;[[About_Monsters_And_Angels/Chapter_One|Chapter One]]: Monsters And Their Human Origin &lt;br&gt;[[About_Monsters_And_Angels/Chapter_Two|About Monsters And Angels: Chapter Two]]&lt;br&gt;[[About_Monsters_And_Angels/Chapter_Three|About Monsters And Angels: Chapter Three]]&lt;br&gt;Chapter Four&lt;br&gt;Chapter Five&lt;br&gt;Chapter Six&lt;br&gt;Chapter Seven&lt;br&gt;Chapter Eight&lt;br&gt;Chapter Nine&lt;br&gt;Chapter Ten&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
{{New book}}
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
{{BookCat}}
{{Shelves|Literature|Paranormal|Cultural anthropology}}
&lt;br&gt;
[[Category:Book:About Monsters And Angels]]
&lt;br&gt;
{{status|0%}}
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Chapter navigation with TOC||Chapter One|TOC mini}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>47ubb4jsmll2ernvr01gq1l2vbcpdul</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4680567</id>
      <parentid>4680565</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T20:52:32Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>3MMPEYTON</username>
        <id>3393808</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4680567</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2667" sha1="rgdhskt5lbi80rcsp0r7j1r0e2oijgn" xml:space="preserve">{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+ Monsters In Art
|-
| [[File:Terracotta vase in the form of a ketos (sea monster) MET DP225817.jpg|thumb|Terracotta vase in the form of a ketos (sea monster), Greek, Cretan or South Italian (MET, 2009.529)]] || [[File:Sleeping Monsters MET DP828505.jpg|thumb|Sleeping Monsters, print, John Hamilton Mortimer (MET, 62.602.152)]] || [[File:Marine Monster MET DP-93-001.jpg|thumb|Marine Monster - statuette by Severo Calzetta da Ravenna (MET, 25.142.7)]]
|}
&lt;br&gt;

 &lt;br&gt;'''Monster, a threatening force from the far-side.''' &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;This book will introduce four fictional creations with odd human connections: &lt;br&gt;zombie-person &lt;br&gt;ghost-person &lt;br&gt;werewolf-person &lt;br&gt;demon-person &lt;br&gt;...and Angels. &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;This book is intended as a short conceptual guide for readers interested in folklore, storytelling, monsters and angels. &lt;br&gt;Link: [[About_Monsters_And_Angels/Questions_And_Answers|About Monsters And Angels: Questions And Answers]]

&lt;br&gt;

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+ About Monsters And Angels
|-
! Guardian Angel !! The Sleep Of Reason Produces Monsters
|-
| [[File:The story of our Christianity; an account of the struggles, persecutions, wars, and victories of Christians of all times (1893) (14783658362).jpg|thumb|The story of our Christianity; an account of the struggles, persecutions, wars, and victories of Christians of all times (1893) (14783658362)]] || [[File:Plate 43 from 'Los Caprichos'- The sleep of reason produces monsters (El sueño de la razon produce monstruos) MET MM2149.jpg|thumb|Plate 43 from 'Los Caprichos': The sleep of reason produces monsters (El sueño de la razon produce monstruos), print, Goya (Francisco de Goya y Lucientes) (MET, 18.64(43))]]
|}
&lt;br&gt; 
&lt;br&gt;
 &lt;br&gt; &quot;Monsters are real, and ghosts are real too. They live inside of us, and sometimes, they win.&quot; - Stephen King
&lt;br&gt;

 &lt;br&gt;'''Table Of Content:'''&lt;br&gt;
[[About_Monsters_And_Angels/Introduction|About Monsters And Angels: Introduction]] To Monsters!&lt;br&gt;[[About_Monsters_And_Angels/Chapter_One|Chapter One]]: Monsters And Their Human Origin &lt;br&gt;[[About_Monsters_And_Angels/Chapter_Two|About Monsters And Angels: Chapter Two]]&lt;br&gt;[[About_Monsters_And_Angels/Chapter_Three|About Monsters And Angels: Chapter Three]]&lt;br&gt;[[About_Monsters_And_Angels/Chapter_Four|About Monsters And Angels: Chapter Four]]&lt;br&gt;Chapter Five&lt;br&gt;Chapter Six&lt;br&gt;Chapter Seven&lt;br&gt;Chapter Eight&lt;br&gt;Chapter Nine&lt;br&gt;Chapter Ten&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
{{New book}}
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
{{BookCat}}
{{Shelves|Literature|Paranormal|Cultural anthropology}}
&lt;br&gt;
[[Category:Book:About Monsters And Angels]]
&lt;br&gt;
{{status|0%}}
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Chapter navigation with TOC||Chapter One|TOC mini}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>rgdhskt5lbi80rcsp0r7j1r0e2oijgn</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4680568</id>
      <parentid>4680567</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T20:54:52Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>3MMPEYTON</username>
        <id>3393808</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4680568</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2700" sha1="fcy96k6wn7abmxaka4kairjb226c8pq" xml:space="preserve">{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+ Monsters In Art
|-
| [[File:Terracotta vase in the form of a ketos (sea monster) MET DP225817.jpg|thumb|Terracotta vase in the form of a ketos (sea monster), Greek, Cretan or South Italian (MET, 2009.529)]] || [[File:Sleeping Monsters MET DP828505.jpg|thumb|Sleeping Monsters, print, John Hamilton Mortimer (MET, 62.602.152)]] || [[File:Marine Monster MET DP-93-001.jpg|thumb|Marine Monster - statuette by Severo Calzetta da Ravenna (MET, 25.142.7)]]
|}
&lt;br&gt;

 &lt;br&gt;'''Monster, a threatening force from the far-side.''' &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;This book will introduce four fictional creations with odd human connections: &lt;br&gt;zombie-person &lt;br&gt;ghost-person &lt;br&gt;werewolf-person &lt;br&gt;demon-person &lt;br&gt;...and Angels. &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;This book is intended as a short conceptual guide for readers interested in folklore, storytelling, monsters and angels. &lt;br&gt;Link: [[About_Monsters_And_Angels/Questions_And_Answers|About Monsters And Angels: Questions And Answers]]

&lt;br&gt;

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+ About Monsters And Angels
|-
! Guardian Angel !! The Sleep Of Reason Produces Monsters
|-
| [[File:The story of our Christianity; an account of the struggles, persecutions, wars, and victories of Christians of all times (1893) (14783658362).jpg|thumb|The story of our Christianity; an account of the struggles, persecutions, wars, and victories of Christians of all times (1893) (14783658362)]] || [[File:Plate 43 from 'Los Caprichos'- The sleep of reason produces monsters (El sueño de la razon produce monstruos) MET MM2149.jpg|thumb|Plate 43 from 'Los Caprichos': The sleep of reason produces monsters (El sueño de la razon produce monstruos), print, Goya (Francisco de Goya y Lucientes) (MET, 18.64(43))]]
|}
&lt;br&gt; 
&lt;br&gt;
 &lt;br&gt; &quot;Monsters are real, and ghosts are real too. They live inside of us, and sometimes, they win.&quot; - Stephen King
&lt;br&gt;

 &lt;br&gt;'''Table Of Content:'''&lt;br&gt;
[[About_Monsters_And_Angels/Introduction|About Monsters And Angels: Introduction]] To Monsters!&lt;br&gt;[[About_Monsters_And_Angels/Chapter_One|Chapter One]]: The Early Functions Of Monsters &lt;br&gt;[[About_Monsters_And_Angels/Chapter_Two|About Monsters And Angels: Chapter Two]]: Monsters And Their Human Origin&lt;br&gt;[[About_Monsters_And_Angels/Chapter_Three|About Monsters And Angels: Chapter Three]]&lt;br&gt;[[About_Monsters_And_Angels/Chapter_Four|About Monsters And Angels: Chapter Four]]&lt;br&gt;Chapter Five&lt;br&gt;Chapter Six&lt;br&gt;Chapter Seven&lt;br&gt;Chapter Eight&lt;br&gt;Chapter Nine&lt;br&gt;Chapter Ten&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
{{New book}}
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
{{BookCat}}
{{Shelves|Literature|Paranormal|Cultural anthropology}}
&lt;br&gt;
[[Category:Book:About Monsters And Angels]]
&lt;br&gt;
{{status|0%}}
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Chapter navigation with TOC||Chapter One|TOC mini}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>fcy96k6wn7abmxaka4kairjb226c8pq</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4680569</id>
      <parentid>4680568</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T20:56:08Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>3MMPEYTON</username>
        <id>3393808</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4680569</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2740" sha1="487lv4tzuyj97ur8sg266lmd7c80zjr" xml:space="preserve">{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+ Monsters In Art
|-
| [[File:Terracotta vase in the form of a ketos (sea monster) MET DP225817.jpg|thumb|Terracotta vase in the form of a ketos (sea monster), Greek, Cretan or South Italian (MET, 2009.529)]] || [[File:Sleeping Monsters MET DP828505.jpg|thumb|Sleeping Monsters, print, John Hamilton Mortimer (MET, 62.602.152)]] || [[File:Marine Monster MET DP-93-001.jpg|thumb|Marine Monster - statuette by Severo Calzetta da Ravenna (MET, 25.142.7)]]
|}
&lt;br&gt;

 &lt;br&gt;'''Monster, a threatening force from the far-side.''' &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;This book will introduce four fictional creations with odd human connections: &lt;br&gt;zombie-person &lt;br&gt;ghost-person &lt;br&gt;werewolf-person &lt;br&gt;demon-person &lt;br&gt;...and Angels. &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;This book is intended as a short conceptual guide for readers interested in folklore, storytelling, monsters and angels. &lt;br&gt;Link: [[About_Monsters_And_Angels/Questions_And_Answers|About Monsters And Angels: Questions And Answers]]

&lt;br&gt;

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+ About Monsters And Angels
|-
! Guardian Angel !! The Sleep Of Reason Produces Monsters
|-
| [[File:The story of our Christianity; an account of the struggles, persecutions, wars, and victories of Christians of all times (1893) (14783658362).jpg|thumb|The story of our Christianity; an account of the struggles, persecutions, wars, and victories of Christians of all times (1893) (14783658362)]] || [[File:Plate 43 from 'Los Caprichos'- The sleep of reason produces monsters (El sueño de la razon produce monstruos) MET MM2149.jpg|thumb|Plate 43 from 'Los Caprichos': The sleep of reason produces monsters (El sueño de la razon produce monstruos), print, Goya (Francisco de Goya y Lucientes) (MET, 18.64(43))]]
|}
&lt;br&gt; 
&lt;br&gt;
 &lt;br&gt; &quot;Monsters are real, and ghosts are real too. They live inside of us, and sometimes, they win.&quot; - Stephen King
&lt;br&gt;

 &lt;br&gt;'''Table Of Content:'''&lt;br&gt;
[[About_Monsters_And_Angels/Introduction|About Monsters And Angels: Introduction]] To Monsters!&lt;br&gt;[[About_Monsters_And_Angels/Chapter_One|Chapter One]]: The Early Functions Of Monsters &lt;br&gt;[[About_Monsters_And_Angels/Chapter_Two|About Monsters And Angels: Chapter Two]]: Monsters And Their Human Origin&lt;br&gt;[[About_Monsters_And_Angels/Chapter_Three|About Monsters And Angels: Chapter Three]]: Create Monsters?&lt;br&gt;[[About_Monsters_And_Angels/Chapter_Four|About Monsters And Angels: Chapter Four]]: Monsters And Science&lt;br&gt;Chapter Five&lt;br&gt;Chapter Six&lt;br&gt;Chapter Seven&lt;br&gt;Chapter Eight&lt;br&gt;Chapter Nine&lt;br&gt;Chapter Ten&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
{{New book}}
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
{{BookCat}}
{{Shelves|Literature|Paranormal|Cultural anthropology}}
&lt;br&gt;
[[Category:Book:About Monsters And Angels]]
&lt;br&gt;
{{status|0%}}
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Chapter navigation with TOC||Chapter One|TOC mini}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>487lv4tzuyj97ur8sg266lmd7c80zjr</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4680570</id>
      <parentid>4680569</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T20:58:57Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>3MMPEYTON</username>
        <id>3393808</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4680570</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2767" sha1="5cty8qduu2yljjvmeduwq37ue2h1eat" xml:space="preserve">{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+ Monsters In Art
|-
| [[File:Terracotta vase in the form of a ketos (sea monster) MET DP225817.jpg|thumb|Terracotta vase in the form of a ketos (sea monster), Greek, Cretan or South Italian (MET, 2009.529)]] || [[File:Sleeping Monsters MET DP828505.jpg|thumb|Sleeping Monsters, print, John Hamilton Mortimer (MET, 62.602.152)]] || [[File:Marine Monster MET DP-93-001.jpg|thumb|Marine Monster - statuette by Severo Calzetta da Ravenna (MET, 25.142.7)]]
|}
&lt;br&gt;

 &lt;br&gt;'''Monster, a threatening force from the far-side.''' &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;This book will introduce four fictional creations with odd human connections: &lt;br&gt;zombie-person &lt;br&gt;ghost-person &lt;br&gt;werewolf-person &lt;br&gt;demon-person &lt;br&gt;...and Angels. &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;This book is intended as a short conceptual guide for readers interested in folklore, storytelling, monsters and angels. &lt;br&gt;Link: [[About_Monsters_And_Angels/Questions_And_Answers|About Monsters And Angels: Questions And Answers]]

&lt;br&gt;

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+ About Monsters And Angels
|-
! Guardian Angel !! The Sleep Of Reason Produces Monsters
|-
| [[File:The story of our Christianity; an account of the struggles, persecutions, wars, and victories of Christians of all times (1893) (14783658362).jpg|thumb|The story of our Christianity; an account of the struggles, persecutions, wars, and victories of Christians of all times (1893) (14783658362)]] || [[File:Plate 43 from 'Los Caprichos'- The sleep of reason produces monsters (El sueño de la razon produce monstruos) MET MM2149.jpg|thumb|Plate 43 from 'Los Caprichos': The sleep of reason produces monsters (El sueño de la razon produce monstruos), print, Goya (Francisco de Goya y Lucientes) (MET, 18.64(43))]]
|}
&lt;br&gt; 
&lt;br&gt;
 &lt;br&gt; &quot;Monsters are real, and ghosts are real too. They live inside of us, and sometimes, they win.&quot; - Stephen King
&lt;br&gt;

 &lt;br&gt;'''Table Of Content:'''&lt;br&gt;
[[About_Monsters_And_Angels/Introduction|About Monsters And Angels: Introduction]] To Monsters!&lt;br&gt;[[About_Monsters_And_Angels/Chapter_One|About Monsters And Angels: Chapter One]]: The Early Functions Of Monsters &lt;br&gt;[[About_Monsters_And_Angels/Chapter_Two|About Monsters And Angels: Chapter Two]]: Monsters And Their Human Origin&lt;br&gt;[[About_Monsters_And_Angels/Chapter_Three|About Monsters And Angels: Chapter Three]]: Create Monsters?&lt;br&gt;[[About_Monsters_And_Angels/Chapter_Four|About Monsters And Angels: Chapter Four]]: Monsters And Science&lt;br&gt;Chapter Five&lt;br&gt;Chapter Six&lt;br&gt;Chapter Seven&lt;br&gt;Chapter Eight&lt;br&gt;Chapter Nine&lt;br&gt;Chapter Ten&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
{{New book}}
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
{{BookCat}}
{{Shelves|Literature|Paranormal|Cultural anthropology}}
&lt;br&gt;
[[Category:Book:About Monsters And Angels]]
&lt;br&gt;
{{status|0%}}
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Chapter navigation with TOC||Chapter One|TOC mini}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>5cty8qduu2yljjvmeduwq37ue2h1eat</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>A-level Computing AQA Paper 1 Skeleton program 2027</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>485519</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4680420</id>
      <parentid>4680146</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T14:47:58Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-58879-68</username>
        <id>3630615</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4680420</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="30891" sha1="2ldjyl50gobvs4l0z5025fcoyy6xpf9" xml:space="preserve">{{soft redirect|v:en:A-level Computer Science AQA Paper 1 Skeleton program 2027}}

== Section C Mark distribution comparison ==
Mark distribution for this year:

The 2027 paper 1 will contain 4 questions worth 2, 3, 6, and 2 marks (13 total). 

The 2026 paper 1 contained 5 questions worth 3, 2, 5, 2 and 1 mark(s) (13 total).

The 2025 paper contained 4 questions worth 2 marks each (8 total).

The 2024 paper contained 3 questions worth 11 marks in total (3+2+6=11).

The 2023 paper contained 6 questions worth 13 marks

The 2022 paper contained 5 questions worth 17 marks.

The 2021 paper contained 4 questions worth 13 marks.

== Section C Predictions == 


'''Predictions:'''


== Section D Mark distribution comparison ==
Mark distribution for this year:

* The 2027 paper 1 contains 4 questions: a 6 mark, a 7 mark, an 11 mark and a thirteen mark question.

These marks include the screen capture(s), so the marks for the coding will be 1-2 marks lower.

* The 2026 paper 1 contains 4 questions: a 5 mark, an 8 mark and two 12 mark questions.

* The 2025 paper 1 contained 4 questions: a 5 mark, a 6 mark and two 14 mark questions.
* The 2024 paper 1 contained 4 questions: a 5 mark, a 6 mark and two 14 mark questions.
* The 2023 paper 1 contained 4 questions: a 5 mark, a 9 mark, a 10 mark and one 13 mark question.
* The 2022 paper 1 contained 4 questions: a 5 mark, a 9 mark, a 11 mark and one 13 mark question.
* The 2021 paper 1 contained 4 questions: a 6 mark, an 8 mark, a 9 mark and one 14 mark question.
* The 2020 paper 1 contained 4 questions: a 6 mark, an 8 mark, a 11 mark and one 12 mark question.
* The 2019 paper 1 contained 4 questions: a 5 mark, an 8 mark, a 9 mark and one 13 mark question.
* The 2018 paper 1 contained 5 questions: a 2 mark, a 5 mark, two 9 mark and one 12 mark question.
* The 2017 paper 1 contained 5 questions: a 5 mark, three 6 mark and one 12 mark question.

== Section D Predictions ==
=== '''Q1: Write code to utilize Bonus when a player clears a pile, or use TurnsSinceMatch to trigger a board reshuffle when players get stuck.'''===
{{CPTAnswerTab|C#}}


&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;C#&quot; line=&quot;1&quot; start=&quot;1&quot;&gt;


&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
{{CPTAnswerTabEnd}}
{{CPTAnswerTab|Python}}
&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;Python&quot; line=&quot;1&quot; start=&quot;1&quot;&gt;
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
{{CPTAnswerTabEnd}}


=== '''Q2: Modify board creation or grid coordinate calculations to validate that board sizes loaded from external files form valid square dimensions.'''===
{{CPTAnswerTab|C#}}


&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;C#&quot; line=&quot;1&quot; start=&quot;1&quot;&gt;


&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
{{CPTAnswerTabEnd}}{{CPTAnswerTab|Python}}
&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;Python&quot; line=&quot;1&quot; start=&quot;1&quot;&gt;
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
{{CPTAnswerTabEnd}}
=== '''Q3: Refactor Pile.GetSymbolOfTopTile() to return a fallback character (e.g., ' ' or '?') or throw a defensive guard check if the pile is empty.'''===
{{CPTAnswerTab|C#}}


&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;C#&quot; line=&quot;1&quot; start=&quot;1&quot;&gt;


&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
{{CPTAnswerTabEnd}}{{CPTAnswerTab|Python}}
&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;Python&quot; line=&quot;1&quot; start=&quot;1&quot;&gt;
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
{{CPTAnswerTabEnd}}
=== '''Q4: Modify TilesCS.Main() so that when setting up a default game, the user is prompted to enter a custom target score (MaxScore) rather than using the hardcoded value of 10.'''===
{{CPTAnswerTab|C#}}
GK - Coombe Wood School - South Croydon 
&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;C#&quot; line=&quot;1&quot; start=&quot;1&quot;&gt;
if (UseDataFromFile == false)
 {
     Players.Add(new Player(&quot;Player 1&quot;, 0));
     Players.Add(new Player(&quot;Player 2&quot;, 0));
     for (int Count = 1; Count &lt;= 36; Count++)
     {
         Pile P = new Pile(3, 0);
         P.Add(new Tile('A', 1));
         P.Add(new Tile('B', 2));
         P.Add(new Tile('A', 1));
         Board.Add(P);
     }
     //start change
     Console.WriteLine(&quot;Enter a target score&quot;);
     MaxScore = int.Parse(Console.ReadLine());
     //end change
 }


&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
{{CPTAnswerTabEnd}}
{{CPTAnswerTab|Python}}
&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;Python&quot; line=&quot;1&quot; start=&quot;1&quot;&gt;

    if UseDataFromFile == False:
        Players.append(Player(&quot;Player 1&quot;, 0))
        Players.append(Player(&quot;Player 2&quot;, 0))

        for Count in range(1, 37):
            P = Pile(3, 0)
            P.Add(Tile(&quot;A&quot;, 1))
            P.Add(Tile(&quot;B&quot;, 2))
            P.Add(Tile(&quot;A&quot;, 1))
            Board.append(P)

        # -- Start Changes --
        MaxScoreInput=input(&quot;Enter a max score: &quot;)
        if type(MaxScoreInput)==int:
            MaxScore=MaxScoreInput
        else:
            print(&quot;Using default max score (10)&quot;)
        # -- End Changes --

&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
{{CPTAnswerTabEnd}}

=== '''Q5: Update the DisplayScores() method in Game so that in addition to printing player scores, it prints which player is currently winning or states that the game is currently a tie.'''===
{{CPTAnswerTab|C#}}
GK - Coombe Wood School - South Croydon 

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;C#&quot; line=&quot;1&quot; start=&quot;1&quot;&gt;

private void DisplayScores()
{
    Console.WriteLine();
    foreach (Player P in Players)
    {
     Console.WriteLine($&quot;{P.GetName()}: has a score of {P.GetScore()}&quot;);
    }
    //start change
    if (Players[1].GetScore() &gt; Players[0].GetScore())
    {
        Console.WriteLine($&quot;{Players[1].GetName()} is winning&quot;);
    }
    else if (Players[1].GetScore() &lt; Players[0].GetScore())
    {
        Console.WriteLine($&quot;{Players[0].GetName()} is winning&quot;);
    }
    else if (Players[1].GetScore() == Players[0].GetScore())
    { 
       Console.WriteLine(&quot;The game is currently a tie.&quot;);
    }
        //end change
        
    Console.WriteLine();
}


&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
{{CPTAnswerTabEnd}}{{CPTAnswerTab|Python}}
Caistor Grammar School - Lincolnshire
&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;Python&quot; line=&quot;1&quot; start=&quot;1&quot;&gt;

def __DisplayScores(self):
        print()
        for P in self.__Players:
            print(f&quot;{P.GetName()}: has a score of {P.GetScore()}&quot;)
        print()
        # -- Start Changes --
        if self.__Players[0]._Score&gt;self.__Players[1]._Score:
            print(f&quot;{self.__Players[0].GetName} Is winning&quot;)

        elif self.__Players[0]._Score&lt;self.__Players[1]._Score:
            print(f&quot;{self.__Players[1].GetName} Is winning&quot;)

        else:
            print(&quot;Both players are tied&quot;)
        # -- End Changes -- 


&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
{{CPTAnswerTabEnd}}

=== '''Q6: Add a method CountTotalTiles() to the Game class that counts and returns the total number of tiles remaining across all piles on the board. Display this total when the board is displayed ('B'). '''===
{{CPTAnswerTab|C#}}
GK - Coombe Wood School - South Croydon 

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;C#&quot; line=&quot;1&quot; start=&quot;1&quot;&gt;

//total number of tiles
//start change
private int CountTotalTiles()
{
    int total = 0;

    for (int i = 0; i &lt; Board.Count; i++)
    {
        total += Board[i].GetNumberOfTiles();
    }
    return total;
}
//end change

DisplayMenu();
Choice = GetChoice();
if (Choice == &quot;B&quot;)
{
    DisplayBoard();
    //start change
    Console.WriteLine($&quot;Total number of tiles {CountTotalTiles()}&quot;);
    //end change               
}


&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
{{CPTAnswerTabEnd}}{{CPTAnswerTab|Python}}OPGS - Kent
&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;Python&quot; line=&quot;1&quot; start=&quot;1&quot;&gt;

# New Method in game class
def __CountTotalTiles(self):
    total = 0
    for P in self.__Board:
        total += P.GetNumberOfTiles()
    return total

#Change to displayBoard method
def __DisplayBoard(self):
        for y in range (self.__GridSize, 0, -1):
            print(f&quot;{y}|&quot;, end=&quot;&quot;)
            for x in range(1, self.__GridSize + 1):
                print(self.__Board[self.__GetIndex(x, y)].GetNumberOfTiles(), end=&quot;&quot;)
            print()
        print(&quot;  &quot;, end=&quot;&quot;)
        for x in range(1, self.__GridSize + 1):
            print(&quot;-&quot;, end=&quot;&quot;)
        print()
        print(&quot;  &quot;, end=&quot;&quot;)
        for x in range (1, self.__GridSize + 1):
            print(x, end=&quot;&quot;)
        print()
        # New code
        print(f&quot;Total tiles remaining: {self.__CountTotalTiles()}&quot;)
        print()
        # End new code
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
{{CPTAnswerTabEnd}}
=== '''Q7: Modify ChoosePile() in the Game class to validate that both user-entered X and Y coordinates fall within valid grid boundaries (1 \le x {GridSize} and 1 \le y \le{GridSize}) before calculating the index.'''===
{{CPTAnswerTab|C#}}


&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;C#&quot; line=&quot;1&quot; start=&quot;1&quot;&gt;


&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
{{CPTAnswerTabEnd}}{{CPTAnswerTab|Python}}
&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;Python&quot; line=&quot;1&quot; start=&quot;1&quot;&gt;
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
{{CPTAnswerTabEnd}}
=== '''Q8: The Pile class contains an unused Bonus field. Add a method GetAndClearBonus() to Pile that returns the bonus value and resets it to 0. Update PlayGame() in Game so that when a matching pair is found, any bonus points from the two chosen piles are added to the player's score.'''===
{{CPTAnswerTab|C#}}


&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;C#&quot; line=&quot;1&quot; start=&quot;1&quot;&gt;


&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
{{CPTAnswerTabEnd}}{{CPTAnswerTab|Python}}
&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;Python&quot; line=&quot;1&quot; start=&quot;1&quot;&gt;
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
{{CPTAnswerTabEnd}}
=== '''Q9: Extend the Player class to keep track of how many successful matching pairs each player has made during the game. Display this count in DisplayScores().'''===
{{CPTAnswerTab|C#}}
JO: Coombe Wood School - South Croydon

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;C#&quot; line=&quot;1&quot; start=&quot;1&quot;&gt;
JO
// START CHANGE class Player
protected int SuccessMatches = 0;
public virtual void NumberOfSuccessfulMatches()
{
    SuccessMatches++;
}
public virtual int ReturnMatches()
{
    return SuccessMatches;
}
//END CHANGE
//START CHANGE DisplayScores
Console.WriteLine($&quot;{Players[0].GetName()} has {Players[0].ReturnMatches()} successful matches&quot;);
Console.WriteLine($&quot;{Players[1].GetName()} has {Players[1].ReturnMatches()} successful matches&quot;);
// END CHANGE


&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
{{CPTAnswerTabEnd}}{{CPTAnswerTab|Python}}
Caistor Grammar School - Lincolnshire
&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;Python&quot; line=&quot;1&quot; start=&quot;1&quot;&gt;

def PlayGame(self):
                    # Code Omitted
                    ScoreIncrease += Tile1.GetPoints() + Tile2.GetPoints()
                    self.__Players[self.__WhoseTurn].ChangeScore(ScoreIncrease)
                    # -- Start Changes : PlayGame --
                    self.__Players[self.__WhoseTurn].match()
                    # -- End Changes --

def __DisplayScores(self):
        print()
        for P in self.__Players:
            # -- Start Changes : __DisplayScores --
            print(f&quot;{P.GetName()}: has a score of {P.GetScore()} with {P.GetSuccessfulPairs()} Successful Pair(s)&quot;)
            # -- End Changes --
        print()

# -- Start Changes : Player --
    def GetSuccessfulPairs(self):
        return self._SuccessfulPairs

    def match(self):
        self._SuccessfulPairs+=1
# -- End Changes --
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
{{CPTAnswerTabEnd}}

=== '''Q10: Add a new menu option 'P' (&quot;Peek at Pile&quot;) to Game. When selected, prompt the user for coordinates and display all tile symbols contained within that specific pile from top to bottom without removing any tiles.'''===
{{CPTAnswerTab|C#}}


&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;C#&quot; line=&quot;1&quot; start=&quot;1&quot;&gt;


&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
{{CPTAnswerTabEnd}}
{{CPTAnswerTab|Python}}
&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;Python&quot; line=&quot;1&quot; start=&quot;1&quot;&gt;
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
{{CPTAnswerTabEnd}}

=== '''Q11: In Game.PlayGame(), if 5 consecutive turns occur without a single successful match (TurnsSinceMatch &gt;= 5), automatically discard the top tile of every non-empty pile on the board to refresh the grid state, and reset '''===
{{CPTAnswerTab|C#}}
JB: Coombe Wood School - South Croydon

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;C#&quot; line=&quot;1&quot; start=&quot;1&quot;&gt;
TurnsSinceMatch = 0.
// ANNOTATION: Player taking a turn selects two piles
int Pile1 = ChoosePile();
int Pile2;
do
{
    Pile2 = ChoosePile();
} while (Pile1 == Pile2); // Ensure they don't pick the exact same pile twice

TurnsSinceMatch++;
int resetGame = 0;
// ANNOTATION: Check if both chosen piles actually have tiles in them
if (Board[Pile1].Empty() == false &amp;&amp; Board[Pile2].Empty() == false)
{
    // ANNOTATION: Match Check! Compare the top tile symbols
    if (Board[Pile1].GetSymbolOfTopTile() == Board[Pile2].GetSymbolOfTopTile())
    {
        TurnsSinceMatch = 0; // Reset counter

        // Remove top tiles from the board
        Tile Tile1 = Board[Pile1].Remove();
        Tile Tile2 = Board[Pile2].Remove();

        // Add them to discard
        Discard.Add(Tile1);
        Discard.Add(Tile2);

        // Calculate score (sum of both tile point values)
        int ScoreIncrease = 0;
        ScoreIncrease += Tile1.GetPoints() + Tile2.GetPoints();
        Players[WhoseTurn].ChangeScore(ScoreIncrease);
        Console.WriteLine($&quot;{Players[WhoseTurn].GetName()}, you had two matching {Tile1.GetSymbol()} tiles; your score has increased by {ScoreIncrease}&quot;);
        resetGame = 0;
    }
    else
    {
        Console.WriteLine(&quot;You did not find a matching pair.&quot;);
        Console.WriteLine($&quot;The first pile you chose had a {Board[Pile1].GetSymbolOfTopTile()}&quot;);
        Console.WriteLine($&quot;The second pile you chose had a {Board[Pile2].GetSymbolOfTopTile()}&quot;);
        resetGame += 1;
        Console.WriteLine(resetGame);
        if (resetGame == 5)
        {
            TurnsSinceMatch = 0;
            for (int i = 0; i &lt; Board.Count - 1; i++)
            {
                Tile Tilei = Board[Pile1].Remove();
            }
        }
    }


&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
{{CPTAnswerTabEnd}}
{{CPTAnswerTab|Python}}
&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;Python&quot; line=&quot;1&quot; start=&quot;1&quot;&gt;
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
{{CPTAnswerTabEnd}}


=== '''Q12: Add a static method SaveGame(...) to TilesCS that saves the current state of the game (Board, Players, Discard, MaxScore, WhoseTurn, TurnsSinceMatch) to a text file using the exact structure expected by LoadGame().'''===
{{CPTAnswerTab|C#}}


&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;C#&quot; line=&quot;1&quot; start=&quot;1&quot;&gt;


&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
{{CPTAnswerTabEnd}}
{{CPTAnswerTab|Python}}
&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;Python&quot; line=&quot;1&quot; start=&quot;1&quot;&gt;
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
{{CPTAnswerTabEnd}}


=== '''Q13: Create a subclass SpecialTile inheriting from Tile. It includes a boolean attribute IsDoublePoints. Override GetPoints() so that if IsDoublePoints is true, the method returns twice the standard base points.'''===
{{CPTAnswerTab|C#}}


&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;C#&quot; line=&quot;1&quot; start=&quot;1&quot;&gt;


&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
{{CPTAnswerTabEnd}}
{{CPTAnswerTab|Python}}
&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;Python&quot; line=&quot;1&quot; start=&quot;1&quot;&gt;
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
{{CPTAnswerTabEnd}}

=== '''Q14: Create a subclass WildcardTile inheriting from Tile with symbol '*'. Modify PlayGame() in Game so that if either selected top tile is a WildcardTile ('*'), the selection automatically counts as a match with any other symbol'''===
{{CPTAnswerTab|C#}}


&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;C#&quot; line=&quot;1&quot; start=&quot;1&quot;&gt;


&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
{{CPTAnswerTabEnd}}
{{CPTAnswerTab|Python}}
Caistor Grammar School - Lincolnshire
&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;Python&quot; line=&quot;1&quot; start=&quot;1&quot;&gt;
def PlayGame(self):
            # Code Omitted
            if self.__Board[Pile1].Empty() == False and self.__Board[Pile2].Empty() == False:
                # -- Start Changes --
                if self.__Board[Pile1].GetSymbolOfTopTile() == self.__Board[Pile2].GetSymbolOfTopTile() or self.__Board[Pile1].GetSymbolOfTopTile()==&quot;*&quot; or self.__Board[Pile2].GetSymbolOfTopTile()==&quot;*&quot;:
                    self.__TurnsSinceMatch = 0
                    Tile1 = self.__Board[Pile1].Remove()
                    Tile2 = self.__Board[Pile2].Remove()
                    self.__Discard.append(Tile1)
                    self.__Discard.append(Tile2)
                    ScoreIncrease = 0
                    if Tile1.GetSymbol()==&quot;*&quot;:
                        ScoreIncrease=Tile2.GetPoints*2
                    elif Tile2.GetSymbol()==&quot;*&quot;:
                        ScoreIncrease=Tile1.GetPoints*2
                    else:
                        ScoreIncrease += Tile1.GetPoints() + Tile2.GetPoints()
                    # -- End Changes --

# -- Start Changes --
class WildTile(Tile):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__(&quot;*&quot;,3)
# -- End Changes --

&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
{{CPTAnswerTabEnd}}


=== '''Q15: Create a derived class AIPlayer inheriting from Player. Add a method SelectPiles(List&lt;Pile&gt; Board) that scans the board for two non-empty piles sharing identical top tiles and returns their indices. If no match is visible, return the first two available non-empty pile indices.'''===
{{CPTAnswerTab|C#}}


&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;C#&quot; line=&quot;1&quot; start=&quot;1&quot;&gt;


&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
{{CPTAnswerTabEnd}}
{{CPTAnswerTab|Python}}
&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;Python&quot; line=&quot;1&quot; start=&quot;1&quot;&gt;
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
{{CPTAnswerTabEnd}}

=== '''Q16: Add an Undo feature to Game. If a player makes a successful match, store the removed tiles, pile indices, and score awarded. Add menu option 'U' to undo the last move, returning the tiles from Discard back into their respective piles and deducting the awarded score from the player.'''===
{{CPTAnswerTab|C#}}


&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;C#&quot; line=&quot;1&quot; start=&quot;1&quot;&gt;


&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
{{CPTAnswerTabEnd}}
{{CPTAnswerTab|Python}}
&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;Python&quot; line=&quot;1&quot; start=&quot;1&quot;&gt;
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
{{CPTAnswerTabEnd}}

=== '''Q17: Allow each player a maximum of 1 &quot;Peek&quot; ability per game. Add option 'V' to the menu. When used, the current player selects a pile and previews the symbol of the second tile down in that pile without removing it. Subtract 1 from their available peeks.'''===
{{CPTAnswerTab|C#}}
JO: Coombe Wood School - South Croydon

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;C#&quot; line=&quot;1&quot; start=&quot;1&quot;&gt;
 // start change in Player Class
    protected int PeekAbility = 1;
    public virtual bool Peek()
    {
        if (PeekAbility  == 1)
        {
            PeekAbility--;
            return true;
        }
        else
        {
            return false;
        }
    }
    // end change
   while (GameOver == false)
{
    string Choice = &quot;&quot;;
    while (Choice != &quot;T&quot;)
    {
        DisplayMenu();
        Choice = GetChoice();
        if (Choice == &quot;B&quot;)
        {
            DisplayBoard();
        }
        else if (Choice == &quot;D&quot;)
        {
            DisplayDiscard();
        }
        else if (Choice == &quot;S&quot;)
        {
            DisplayScores();
        }

        // start change
        else if (Choice == &quot;V&quot;)
        {
            DisplaySecondTile();
        }
        // end change
    }
            

   // start change in Class Game
    private void DisplaySecondTile()
    {
        if (Players[WhoseTurn].Peek() == true)
        {
            int PilePeek = ChoosePile();
            char TopTile = Board[PilePeek].GetSymbolOfTopTile();
            Board[PilePeek].Remove();
            Console.WriteLine(Board[PilePeek].GetSymbolOfTopTile());
            Board[PilePeek].Add(new Tile(TopTile, 0));
        }
        else
        {
            Console.WriteLine(&quot;Peek has already been used!&quot;);
        }
    }
    // end change
private void DisplayMenu()
{
    Console.WriteLine();
    Console.WriteLine();
    Console.WriteLine(&quot;MENU&quot;);
    Console.WriteLine(&quot;B. Display the board&quot;);
    Console.WriteLine(&quot;D. Display the discard&quot;);
    Console.WriteLine(&quot;T. Take turn&quot;);
    Console.WriteLine(&quot;S. Display scores&quot;);
    //start change
    Console.WriteLine(&quot;V. Peek at pile&quot;);
    //end change
    Console.WriteLine();
}


&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
{{CPTAnswerTabEnd}}
{{CPTAnswerTab|Python}}
&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;Python&quot; line=&quot;1&quot; start=&quot;1&quot;&gt;
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
{{CPTAnswerTabEnd}}
=== '''Q18: Create a derived class TrapPile inheriting from Pile. If a matching pair of tiles is removed where either selected pile is a TrapPile, convert the score gain into a penalty (subtract points instead of adding).'''===
{{CPTAnswerTab|C#}}


&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;C#&quot; line=&quot;1&quot; start=&quot;1&quot;&gt;


&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
{{CPTAnswerTabEnd}}
{{CPTAnswerTab|Python}}
&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;Python&quot; line=&quot;1&quot; start=&quot;1&quot;&gt;
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
{{CPTAnswerTabEnd}}
=== '''Q19:Modify Game to support non-square grids (e.g., Width \times Height = 20 piles total). Replace GridSize with GridWidth and GridHeight. Update GetIndex(x, y) and DisplayBoard() accordingly.'''===
{{CPTAnswerTab|C#}}


&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;C#&quot; line=&quot;1&quot; start=&quot;1&quot;&gt;


&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
{{CPTAnswerTabEnd}}
{{CPTAnswerTab|Python}}
&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;Python&quot; line=&quot;1&quot; start=&quot;1&quot;&gt;
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
{{CPTAnswerTabEnd}}
=== '''Q20: Create a MoveLog class to track turn events. Record player name, chosen pile coordinates, matched symbols, and points earned. Add menu option 'H' to print a structured text table summarizing all completed turns in the current game session.'''===
{{CPTAnswerTab|C#}}


&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;C#&quot; line=&quot;1&quot; start=&quot;1&quot;&gt;


&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
{{CPTAnswerTabEnd}}{{CPTAnswerTab|Python}}
&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;Python&quot; line=&quot;1&quot; start=&quot;1&quot;&gt;
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
{{CPTAnswerTabEnd}}
== Section D: Issues with the Code and Fixes : ==

=== '''Issue 1: When entering a choice, the way the program detects what choice the player has inputted is case sensitive. Entering ‘b’ rather than ‘B’ will prompt the user to enter their choice again.'''===
{{CPTAnswerTab|C#}}
Coombe Wood School - South Croydon
&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;C#&quot; line=&quot;1&quot; start=&quot;1&quot;&gt;
// Start change
Choice = Console.ReadLine().ToUpper();
// end change

&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
{{CPTAnswerTabEnd}}
{{CPTAnswerTab|Python}}
Caistor Grammar School - Lincolnshire
&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;Python&quot; line=&quot;1&quot; start=&quot;1&quot;&gt;
# Start change
Choice = input(f&quot;{self.__Players[self.__WhoseTurn].GetName()}, enter your choice: &quot;).upper()
# End change

&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
{{CPTAnswerTabEnd}}


=== '''Issue 2: The program allows the user to enter x and y coordinates out of the 1-6 range'''===
{{CPTAnswerTab|C#}}
Coombe Wood School - South Croydon

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;C#&quot; line=&quot;1&quot; start=&quot;1&quot;&gt;
// Start change
while (x&gt;6 || x&lt;1 || y&gt;6 || y&lt;1)
{
    Console.WriteLine(&quot;Please enter within the range of 1-6&quot;);
    Console.Write(&quot;Enter x coordinate: &quot;);
    x = Convert.ToInt32(Console.ReadLine());
    Console.Write(&quot;Enter y coordinate: &quot;);
    y = Convert.ToInt32(Console.ReadLine());

}
return GetIndex(x, y);
// end change


&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
{{CPTAnswerTabEnd}}{{CPTAnswerTab|Python}}
Caistor Grammar School - Lincolnshire Edited to work with any grid size: OPGS - Kent
&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;Python&quot; line=&quot;1&quot; start=&quot;1&quot;&gt;
    def __ChoosePile(self):
        x = 0
        y = 0
        # -- Start Changes --
        while x&lt;1 or x&gt;self.__GridSize or y&lt;1 or y&gt;self.__GridSize:
            print()
            print(f&quot;For each coordinate enter a number between 1 and {self.__GridSize}&quot;)
            x = int(input(&quot;Enter x coordinate: &quot;))
            y = int(input(&quot;Enter y coordinate: &quot;))
            print()
            # -- End Changes --
        return self.__GetIndex(x, y)

&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
{{CPTAnswerTabEnd}}

=== '''Issue 3: If player 1 and player 2 get the same score, the game ends and a tie isn't declared.'''===
{{CPTAnswerTab|C#}}
Coombe Wood School - South Croydon

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;C#&quot; line=&quot;1&quot; start=&quot;1&quot;&gt;
// Start change
else if (Players[1].GetScore() == Players[0].GetScore())
{
    Console.WriteLine(&quot;The game is a tie.&quot;);
}
// end change


&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
{{CPTAnswerTabEnd}}{{CPTAnswerTab|Python}}I stand to be corrected but I don't think this can actually happen. After a player gains points it checks to see if they reached the maximum before ending the game. If the other player had already reached the MaxScore it would have stopped on their turn.

Caistor Grammar School - Lincolnshire
&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;Python&quot; line=&quot;1&quot; start=&quot;1&quot;&gt;
def PlayGame(self):
        #Code Omitted
        if self.__Players[0].GetScore() &gt; self.__Players[1].GetScore():
            print(f&quot;{self.__Players[0].GetName()} has won!&quot;)
        elif self.__Players[1].GetScore() &gt; self.__Players[0].GetScore():
            print(f&quot;{self.__Players[1].GetName()} has won!&quot;)
        # -- Start Changes --
        else:
            print(&quot;The game ends in a tie.&quot;)
        # -- End Changes --
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
{{CPTAnswerTabEnd}}

=== '''Issue 4: The program doesn’t display any error messages to the user when they choose the same pile.'''===
{{CPTAnswerTab|C#}}
Coombe Wood School - South Croydon

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;C#&quot; line=&quot;1&quot; start=&quot;1&quot;&gt;
int Pile1 = ChoosePile();
// START CHANGE
int Pile2 = ChoosePile();
while (Pile1 == Pile2)
{
     Console.WriteLine(&quot;Please input a different tile&quot;);
     Pile2 = ChoosePile();
}
// END CHANGE


&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
{{CPTAnswerTabEnd}}{{CPTAnswerTab|Python}}
Caistor Grammar School - Lincolnshire
&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;Python&quot; line=&quot;1&quot; start=&quot;1&quot;&gt;
def PlayGame(self):
            #Code Omitted
            Pile1 = self.__ChoosePile()
            Pile2 = self.__ChoosePile()
            while Pile1 == Pile2:
                # -- Start Changes --
                print(&quot;Pile 2 must be different to Pile 1&quot;)
                # -- End Changes
                Pile2 = self.__ChoosePile()
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
{{CPTAnswerTabEnd}}

=== '''Issue 5: If a letter which is not on the display menu is entered, there is no error message or a message to prompt the user to enter a valid letter'''===
{{CPTAnswerTab|C#}}
Coombe Wood School - South Croydon

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;C#&quot; line=&quot;1&quot; start=&quot;1&quot;&gt;
while (Choice.ToUpper() != &quot;T&quot;)
{
    DisplayMenu();
    Choice = GetChoice();
    if (Choice.ToUpper() == &quot;B&quot;)
    {
        DisplayBoard();
    }
    else if (Choice.ToUpper() == &quot;D&quot;)
    {
        DisplayDiscard();
    }
    else if (Choice.ToUpper() == &quot;S&quot;)
    {
        DisplayScores();
    }
    // CHANGE
    else if (Choice.ToUpper() != &quot;T&quot;)
    {
        Console.WriteLine(&quot;That is not a valid menu option.&quot;);
    }
    // END CHANGE
}


&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
{{CPTAnswerTabEnd}}
{{CPTAnswerTab|Python}}
Caistor Grammar School - Lincolnshire
&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;Python&quot; line=&quot;1&quot; start=&quot;1&quot;&gt;

    def PlayGame(self):
        while self.__GameOver == False:
            Choice = &quot;&quot;
            while Choice != &quot;T&quot;:
                self.__DisplayMenu()
                Choice = self.__GetChoice()
                if Choice == &quot;B&quot;:
                    self.__DisplayBoard()
                elif Choice == &quot;D&quot;:
                    self.__DisplayDiscard()
                elif Choice == &quot;S&quot;:
                    self.__DisplayScores()
                # -- Start Changes -- 
                elif Choice != &quot;T&quot;:
                    print(&quot;Please enter a valid option&quot;)
                # -- End Changes --

&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
{{CPTAnswerTabEnd}}


=== '''Issue 6: Before the tiles are matched, the code should check if the pile is empty or the players turn is wasted'''===
{{CPTAnswerTab|C#}}
Coombe Wood School - South Croydon

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;C#&quot; line=&quot;1&quot; start=&quot;1&quot;&gt;
  int Pile1 = ChoosePile();
            // START Change
            while (Board[Pile1].Empty() == true)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(&quot;Empty tile&quot;);
                Pile1 = ChoosePile();
            }
            int Pile2 = ChoosePile();
            while (Board[Pile2].Empty() == true)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(&quot;Empty Tile&quot;);
                Pile2 = ChoosePile();
            }
            // end change


else
{
    Console.WriteLine(&quot;You chose an empty pile&quot;);
    //player is given another turn if pile is empty
    //start change
    PlayGame();
    //end change
}


&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
{{CPTAnswerTabEnd}}
{{CPTAnswerTab|Python}}
Caistor Grammar School - Lincolnshire
&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;Python&quot; line=&quot;1&quot; start=&quot;1&quot;&gt;
def PlayGame(self):
            #Code Omitted
            Pile1 = self.__ChoosePile()
            # -- Start Changes --
            while Pile1.Empty():
                print(&quot;Please pick a pile that isn't empty&quot;)
                Pile1=self.__ChoosePile
            Pile2 = self.__ChoosePile()
            while Pile2.Empty():
                print(&quot;Please pick a pile that isn't empty&quot;)
                Pile2=self.__ChoosePile()
            # -- End Changes --
            while Pile1 == Pile2:
                Pile2 = self.__ChoosePile()
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
{{CPTAnswerTabEnd}}
=== '''Issue 7: When invalid input is entered code crashes'''===
{{CPTAnswerTab|C#}}
Coombe Wood School - South Croydon

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;C#&quot; line=&quot;1&quot; start=&quot;1&quot;&gt;

int x = 0, y = 0;
// CHANGE
try
{
    Console.Write(&quot;Enter x coordinate: &quot;);
    x = Convert.ToInt32(Console.ReadLine());
    Console.Write(&quot;Enter y coordinate: &quot;);
    y = Convert.ToInt32(Console.ReadLine());
    return GetIndex(x, y);
} catch (Exception)
{
    Console.WriteLine(&quot;Invalid input&quot;);
    ChoosePile();
}
// END CHANGE


&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
{{CPTAnswerTabEnd}}{{CPTAnswerTab|Python}}
&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;Python&quot; line=&quot;1&quot; start=&quot;1&quot;&gt;
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
{{CPTAnswerTabEnd}}
=== '''Issue 8: When the game finishes, it does not display the scores of both users'''===
{{CPTAnswerTab|C#}}
Coombe Wood School - South Croydon

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;C#&quot; line=&quot;1&quot; start=&quot;1&quot;&gt;
//start change
if (Players[0].GetScore() &gt; Players[1].GetScore())
{
    Console.WriteLine($&quot;{Players[0].GetName()} has won! Score:&quot; + Players[0].GetScore());
}
else if (Players[1].GetScore() &gt; Players[0].GetScore())
{
    Console.WriteLine($&quot;{Players[1].GetName()} has won! Score:&quot; + Players[1].GetScore());
}
//end change


&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
{{CPTAnswerTabEnd}}
{{CPTAnswerTab|Python}}
Caistor Grammar School - Lincolnshire
&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;Python&quot; line=&quot;1&quot; start=&quot;1&quot;&gt;
def PlayGame(self):
        #Code Omitted
        if self.__Players[0].GetScore() &gt; self.__Players[1].GetScore():
            print(f&quot;{self.__Players[0].GetName()} has won!&quot;)
            # -- Start Changes --
            self.__DisplayScores()
            # -- End Changes --
        elif self.__Players[1].GetScore() &gt; self.__Players[0].GetScore():
            print(f&quot;{self.__Players[1].GetName()} has won!&quot;)
            # -- Start Changes --
            self.__DisplayScores()
            # -- End Changes --
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
{{CPTAnswerTabEnd}}


=== '''Issue 9: The x coordinates can go above the boundary of 1-6'''===
{{CPTAnswerTab|C#}}
Coombe Wood School - South Croydon

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;C#&quot; line=&quot;1&quot; start=&quot;1&quot;&gt;
// CHANGE
try
{
    do
    {
        Console.Write(&quot;Enter x coordinate: &quot;);
        x = Convert.ToInt32(Console.ReadLine());

        if (x &gt; GridSize || x &lt; 1)
        {
            Console.WriteLine(&quot;Out of bounds. Enter a value within the range of the grid.&quot;);
        }

    } while (x &gt; GridSize || x &lt; 1);

    do
    {
        Console.Write(&quot;Enter y coordinate: &quot;);
        y = Convert.ToInt32(Console.ReadLine());

        if (y &gt; GridSize || y &lt; 1)
        {
            Console.WriteLine(&quot;Out of bounds. Enter a value within the range of the grid.&quot;);
        }

        return GetIndex(x, y);

    } while (y &gt; GridSize || y &lt; 1);
}
catch (Exception)
{
    Console.WriteLine(&quot;Invalid input&quot;);
    ChoosePile();
}
return 0;
// END CHANGE


&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
{{CPTAnswerTabEnd}}{{CPTAnswerTab|Python}}
&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;Python&quot; line=&quot;1&quot; start=&quot;1&quot;&gt;
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
{{CPTAnswerTabEnd}}</text>
      <sha1>2ldjyl50gobvs4l0z5025fcoyy6xpf9</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4680421</id>
      <parentid>4680420</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T14:51:01Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-58981-02</username>
        <id>3630616</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Section D Mark distribution comparison */</comment>
      <origin>4680421</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="30885" sha1="p9ht71vk2ua2kqye10kgcxtxwy305k9" xml:space="preserve">{{soft redirect|v:en:A-level Computer Science AQA Paper 1 Skeleton program 2027}}

== Section C Mark distribution comparison ==
Mark distribution for this year:

The 2027 paper 1 will contain 4 questions worth 2, 3, 6, and 2 marks (13 total). 

The 2026 paper 1 contained 5 questions worth 3, 2, 5, 2 and 1 mark(s) (13 total).

The 2025 paper contained 4 questions worth 2 marks each (8 total).

The 2024 paper contained 3 questions worth 11 marks in total (3+2+6=11).

The 2023 paper contained 6 questions worth 13 marks

The 2022 paper contained 5 questions worth 17 marks.

The 2021 paper contained 4 questions worth 13 marks.

== Section C Predictions == 


'''Predictions:'''


== Section D Mark distribution comparison ==
Mark distribution for this year:

* The 2027 paper 1 contains 4 questions: a 6 mark, a 7 mark, an 11 mark and a 13 mark question.

These marks include the screen capture(s), so the marks for the coding will be 1-2 marks lower.

* The 2026 paper 1 contains 4 questions: a 5 mark, an 8 mark and two 12 mark questions.

* The 2025 paper 1 contained 4 questions: a 5 mark, a 6 mark and two 14 mark questions.
* The 2024 paper 1 contained 4 questions: a 5 mark, a 6 mark and two 14 mark questions.
* The 2023 paper 1 contained 4 questions: a 5 mark, a 9 mark, a 10 mark and one 13 mark question.
* The 2022 paper 1 contained 4 questions: a 5 mark, a 9 mark, a 11 mark and one 13 mark question.
* The 2021 paper 1 contained 4 questions: a 6 mark, an 8 mark, a 9 mark and one 14 mark question.
* The 2020 paper 1 contained 4 questions: a 6 mark, an 8 mark, a 11 mark and one 12 mark question.
* The 2019 paper 1 contained 4 questions: a 5 mark, an 8 mark, a 9 mark and one 13 mark question.
* The 2018 paper 1 contained 5 questions: a 2 mark, a 5 mark, two 9 mark and one 12 mark question.
* The 2017 paper 1 contained 5 questions: a 5 mark, three 6 mark and one 12 mark question.

== Section D Predictions ==
=== '''Q1: Write code to utilize Bonus when a player clears a pile, or use TurnsSinceMatch to trigger a board reshuffle when players get stuck.'''===
{{CPTAnswerTab|C#}}


&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;C#&quot; line=&quot;1&quot; start=&quot;1&quot;&gt;


&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
{{CPTAnswerTabEnd}}
{{CPTAnswerTab|Python}}
&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;Python&quot; line=&quot;1&quot; start=&quot;1&quot;&gt;
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
{{CPTAnswerTabEnd}}


=== '''Q2: Modify board creation or grid coordinate calculations to validate that board sizes loaded from external files form valid square dimensions.'''===
{{CPTAnswerTab|C#}}


&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;C#&quot; line=&quot;1&quot; start=&quot;1&quot;&gt;


&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
{{CPTAnswerTabEnd}}{{CPTAnswerTab|Python}}
&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;Python&quot; line=&quot;1&quot; start=&quot;1&quot;&gt;
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
{{CPTAnswerTabEnd}}
=== '''Q3: Refactor Pile.GetSymbolOfTopTile() to return a fallback character (e.g., ' ' or '?') or throw a defensive guard check if the pile is empty.'''===
{{CPTAnswerTab|C#}}


&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;C#&quot; line=&quot;1&quot; start=&quot;1&quot;&gt;


&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
{{CPTAnswerTabEnd}}{{CPTAnswerTab|Python}}
&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;Python&quot; line=&quot;1&quot; start=&quot;1&quot;&gt;
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
{{CPTAnswerTabEnd}}
=== '''Q4: Modify TilesCS.Main() so that when setting up a default game, the user is prompted to enter a custom target score (MaxScore) rather than using the hardcoded value of 10.'''===
{{CPTAnswerTab|C#}}
GK - Coombe Wood School - South Croydon 
&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;C#&quot; line=&quot;1&quot; start=&quot;1&quot;&gt;
if (UseDataFromFile == false)
 {
     Players.Add(new Player(&quot;Player 1&quot;, 0));
     Players.Add(new Player(&quot;Player 2&quot;, 0));
     for (int Count = 1; Count &lt;= 36; Count++)
     {
         Pile P = new Pile(3, 0);
         P.Add(new Tile('A', 1));
         P.Add(new Tile('B', 2));
         P.Add(new Tile('A', 1));
         Board.Add(P);
     }
     //start change
     Console.WriteLine(&quot;Enter a target score&quot;);
     MaxScore = int.Parse(Console.ReadLine());
     //end change
 }


&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
{{CPTAnswerTabEnd}}
{{CPTAnswerTab|Python}}
&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;Python&quot; line=&quot;1&quot; start=&quot;1&quot;&gt;

    if UseDataFromFile == False:
        Players.append(Player(&quot;Player 1&quot;, 0))
        Players.append(Player(&quot;Player 2&quot;, 0))

        for Count in range(1, 37):
            P = Pile(3, 0)
            P.Add(Tile(&quot;A&quot;, 1))
            P.Add(Tile(&quot;B&quot;, 2))
            P.Add(Tile(&quot;A&quot;, 1))
            Board.append(P)

        # -- Start Changes --
        MaxScoreInput=input(&quot;Enter a max score: &quot;)
        if type(MaxScoreInput)==int:
            MaxScore=MaxScoreInput
        else:
            print(&quot;Using default max score (10)&quot;)
        # -- End Changes --

&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
{{CPTAnswerTabEnd}}

=== '''Q5: Update the DisplayScores() method in Game so that in addition to printing player scores, it prints which player is currently winning or states that the game is currently a tie.'''===
{{CPTAnswerTab|C#}}
GK - Coombe Wood School - South Croydon 

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;C#&quot; line=&quot;1&quot; start=&quot;1&quot;&gt;

private void DisplayScores()
{
    Console.WriteLine();
    foreach (Player P in Players)
    {
     Console.WriteLine($&quot;{P.GetName()}: has a score of {P.GetScore()}&quot;);
    }
    //start change
    if (Players[1].GetScore() &gt; Players[0].GetScore())
    {
        Console.WriteLine($&quot;{Players[1].GetName()} is winning&quot;);
    }
    else if (Players[1].GetScore() &lt; Players[0].GetScore())
    {
        Console.WriteLine($&quot;{Players[0].GetName()} is winning&quot;);
    }
    else if (Players[1].GetScore() == Players[0].GetScore())
    { 
       Console.WriteLine(&quot;The game is currently a tie.&quot;);
    }
        //end change
        
    Console.WriteLine();
}


&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
{{CPTAnswerTabEnd}}{{CPTAnswerTab|Python}}
Caistor Grammar School - Lincolnshire
&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;Python&quot; line=&quot;1&quot; start=&quot;1&quot;&gt;

def __DisplayScores(self):
        print()
        for P in self.__Players:
            print(f&quot;{P.GetName()}: has a score of {P.GetScore()}&quot;)
        print()
        # -- Start Changes --
        if self.__Players[0]._Score&gt;self.__Players[1]._Score:
            print(f&quot;{self.__Players[0].GetName} Is winning&quot;)

        elif self.__Players[0]._Score&lt;self.__Players[1]._Score:
            print(f&quot;{self.__Players[1].GetName} Is winning&quot;)

        else:
            print(&quot;Both players are tied&quot;)
        # -- End Changes -- 


&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
{{CPTAnswerTabEnd}}

=== '''Q6: Add a method CountTotalTiles() to the Game class that counts and returns the total number of tiles remaining across all piles on the board. Display this total when the board is displayed ('B'). '''===
{{CPTAnswerTab|C#}}
GK - Coombe Wood School - South Croydon 

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;C#&quot; line=&quot;1&quot; start=&quot;1&quot;&gt;

//total number of tiles
//start change
private int CountTotalTiles()
{
    int total = 0;

    for (int i = 0; i &lt; Board.Count; i++)
    {
        total += Board[i].GetNumberOfTiles();
    }
    return total;
}
//end change

DisplayMenu();
Choice = GetChoice();
if (Choice == &quot;B&quot;)
{
    DisplayBoard();
    //start change
    Console.WriteLine($&quot;Total number of tiles {CountTotalTiles()}&quot;);
    //end change               
}


&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
{{CPTAnswerTabEnd}}{{CPTAnswerTab|Python}}OPGS - Kent
&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;Python&quot; line=&quot;1&quot; start=&quot;1&quot;&gt;

# New Method in game class
def __CountTotalTiles(self):
    total = 0
    for P in self.__Board:
        total += P.GetNumberOfTiles()
    return total

#Change to displayBoard method
def __DisplayBoard(self):
        for y in range (self.__GridSize, 0, -1):
            print(f&quot;{y}|&quot;, end=&quot;&quot;)
            for x in range(1, self.__GridSize + 1):
                print(self.__Board[self.__GetIndex(x, y)].GetNumberOfTiles(), end=&quot;&quot;)
            print()
        print(&quot;  &quot;, end=&quot;&quot;)
        for x in range(1, self.__GridSize + 1):
            print(&quot;-&quot;, end=&quot;&quot;)
        print()
        print(&quot;  &quot;, end=&quot;&quot;)
        for x in range (1, self.__GridSize + 1):
            print(x, end=&quot;&quot;)
        print()
        # New code
        print(f&quot;Total tiles remaining: {self.__CountTotalTiles()}&quot;)
        print()
        # End new code
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
{{CPTAnswerTabEnd}}
=== '''Q7: Modify ChoosePile() in the Game class to validate that both user-entered X and Y coordinates fall within valid grid boundaries (1 \le x {GridSize} and 1 \le y \le{GridSize}) before calculating the index.'''===
{{CPTAnswerTab|C#}}


&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;C#&quot; line=&quot;1&quot; start=&quot;1&quot;&gt;


&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
{{CPTAnswerTabEnd}}{{CPTAnswerTab|Python}}
&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;Python&quot; line=&quot;1&quot; start=&quot;1&quot;&gt;
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
{{CPTAnswerTabEnd}}
=== '''Q8: The Pile class contains an unused Bonus field. Add a method GetAndClearBonus() to Pile that returns the bonus value and resets it to 0. Update PlayGame() in Game so that when a matching pair is found, any bonus points from the two chosen piles are added to the player's score.'''===
{{CPTAnswerTab|C#}}


&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;C#&quot; line=&quot;1&quot; start=&quot;1&quot;&gt;


&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
{{CPTAnswerTabEnd}}{{CPTAnswerTab|Python}}
&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;Python&quot; line=&quot;1&quot; start=&quot;1&quot;&gt;
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
{{CPTAnswerTabEnd}}
=== '''Q9: Extend the Player class to keep track of how many successful matching pairs each player has made during the game. Display this count in DisplayScores().'''===
{{CPTAnswerTab|C#}}
JO: Coombe Wood School - South Croydon

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;C#&quot; line=&quot;1&quot; start=&quot;1&quot;&gt;
JO
// START CHANGE class Player
protected int SuccessMatches = 0;
public virtual void NumberOfSuccessfulMatches()
{
    SuccessMatches++;
}
public virtual int ReturnMatches()
{
    return SuccessMatches;
}
//END CHANGE
//START CHANGE DisplayScores
Console.WriteLine($&quot;{Players[0].GetName()} has {Players[0].ReturnMatches()} successful matches&quot;);
Console.WriteLine($&quot;{Players[1].GetName()} has {Players[1].ReturnMatches()} successful matches&quot;);
// END CHANGE


&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
{{CPTAnswerTabEnd}}{{CPTAnswerTab|Python}}
Caistor Grammar School - Lincolnshire
&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;Python&quot; line=&quot;1&quot; start=&quot;1&quot;&gt;

def PlayGame(self):
                    # Code Omitted
                    ScoreIncrease += Tile1.GetPoints() + Tile2.GetPoints()
                    self.__Players[self.__WhoseTurn].ChangeScore(ScoreIncrease)
                    # -- Start Changes : PlayGame --
                    self.__Players[self.__WhoseTurn].match()
                    # -- End Changes --

def __DisplayScores(self):
        print()
        for P in self.__Players:
            # -- Start Changes : __DisplayScores --
            print(f&quot;{P.GetName()}: has a score of {P.GetScore()} with {P.GetSuccessfulPairs()} Successful Pair(s)&quot;)
            # -- End Changes --
        print()

# -- Start Changes : Player --
    def GetSuccessfulPairs(self):
        return self._SuccessfulPairs

    def match(self):
        self._SuccessfulPairs+=1
# -- End Changes --
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
{{CPTAnswerTabEnd}}

=== '''Q10: Add a new menu option 'P' (&quot;Peek at Pile&quot;) to Game. When selected, prompt the user for coordinates and display all tile symbols contained within that specific pile from top to bottom without removing any tiles.'''===
{{CPTAnswerTab|C#}}


&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;C#&quot; line=&quot;1&quot; start=&quot;1&quot;&gt;


&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
{{CPTAnswerTabEnd}}
{{CPTAnswerTab|Python}}
&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;Python&quot; line=&quot;1&quot; start=&quot;1&quot;&gt;
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
{{CPTAnswerTabEnd}}

=== '''Q11: In Game.PlayGame(), if 5 consecutive turns occur without a single successful match (TurnsSinceMatch &gt;= 5), automatically discard the top tile of every non-empty pile on the board to refresh the grid state, and reset '''===
{{CPTAnswerTab|C#}}
JB: Coombe Wood School - South Croydon

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;C#&quot; line=&quot;1&quot; start=&quot;1&quot;&gt;
TurnsSinceMatch = 0.
// ANNOTATION: Player taking a turn selects two piles
int Pile1 = ChoosePile();
int Pile2;
do
{
    Pile2 = ChoosePile();
} while (Pile1 == Pile2); // Ensure they don't pick the exact same pile twice

TurnsSinceMatch++;
int resetGame = 0;
// ANNOTATION: Check if both chosen piles actually have tiles in them
if (Board[Pile1].Empty() == false &amp;&amp; Board[Pile2].Empty() == false)
{
    // ANNOTATION: Match Check! Compare the top tile symbols
    if (Board[Pile1].GetSymbolOfTopTile() == Board[Pile2].GetSymbolOfTopTile())
    {
        TurnsSinceMatch = 0; // Reset counter

        // Remove top tiles from the board
        Tile Tile1 = Board[Pile1].Remove();
        Tile Tile2 = Board[Pile2].Remove();

        // Add them to discard
        Discard.Add(Tile1);
        Discard.Add(Tile2);

        // Calculate score (sum of both tile point values)
        int ScoreIncrease = 0;
        ScoreIncrease += Tile1.GetPoints() + Tile2.GetPoints();
        Players[WhoseTurn].ChangeScore(ScoreIncrease);
        Console.WriteLine($&quot;{Players[WhoseTurn].GetName()}, you had two matching {Tile1.GetSymbol()} tiles; your score has increased by {ScoreIncrease}&quot;);
        resetGame = 0;
    }
    else
    {
        Console.WriteLine(&quot;You did not find a matching pair.&quot;);
        Console.WriteLine($&quot;The first pile you chose had a {Board[Pile1].GetSymbolOfTopTile()}&quot;);
        Console.WriteLine($&quot;The second pile you chose had a {Board[Pile2].GetSymbolOfTopTile()}&quot;);
        resetGame += 1;
        Console.WriteLine(resetGame);
        if (resetGame == 5)
        {
            TurnsSinceMatch = 0;
            for (int i = 0; i &lt; Board.Count - 1; i++)
            {
                Tile Tilei = Board[Pile1].Remove();
            }
        }
    }


&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
{{CPTAnswerTabEnd}}
{{CPTAnswerTab|Python}}
&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;Python&quot; line=&quot;1&quot; start=&quot;1&quot;&gt;
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
{{CPTAnswerTabEnd}}


=== '''Q12: Add a static method SaveGame(...) to TilesCS that saves the current state of the game (Board, Players, Discard, MaxScore, WhoseTurn, TurnsSinceMatch) to a text file using the exact structure expected by LoadGame().'''===
{{CPTAnswerTab|C#}}


&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;C#&quot; line=&quot;1&quot; start=&quot;1&quot;&gt;


&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
{{CPTAnswerTabEnd}}
{{CPTAnswerTab|Python}}
&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;Python&quot; line=&quot;1&quot; start=&quot;1&quot;&gt;
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
{{CPTAnswerTabEnd}}


=== '''Q13: Create a subclass SpecialTile inheriting from Tile. It includes a boolean attribute IsDoublePoints. Override GetPoints() so that if IsDoublePoints is true, the method returns twice the standard base points.'''===
{{CPTAnswerTab|C#}}


&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;C#&quot; line=&quot;1&quot; start=&quot;1&quot;&gt;


&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
{{CPTAnswerTabEnd}}
{{CPTAnswerTab|Python}}
&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;Python&quot; line=&quot;1&quot; start=&quot;1&quot;&gt;
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
{{CPTAnswerTabEnd}}

=== '''Q14: Create a subclass WildcardTile inheriting from Tile with symbol '*'. Modify PlayGame() in Game so that if either selected top tile is a WildcardTile ('*'), the selection automatically counts as a match with any other symbol'''===
{{CPTAnswerTab|C#}}


&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;C#&quot; line=&quot;1&quot; start=&quot;1&quot;&gt;


&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
{{CPTAnswerTabEnd}}
{{CPTAnswerTab|Python}}
Caistor Grammar School - Lincolnshire
&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;Python&quot; line=&quot;1&quot; start=&quot;1&quot;&gt;
def PlayGame(self):
            # Code Omitted
            if self.__Board[Pile1].Empty() == False and self.__Board[Pile2].Empty() == False:
                # -- Start Changes --
                if self.__Board[Pile1].GetSymbolOfTopTile() == self.__Board[Pile2].GetSymbolOfTopTile() or self.__Board[Pile1].GetSymbolOfTopTile()==&quot;*&quot; or self.__Board[Pile2].GetSymbolOfTopTile()==&quot;*&quot;:
                    self.__TurnsSinceMatch = 0
                    Tile1 = self.__Board[Pile1].Remove()
                    Tile2 = self.__Board[Pile2].Remove()
                    self.__Discard.append(Tile1)
                    self.__Discard.append(Tile2)
                    ScoreIncrease = 0
                    if Tile1.GetSymbol()==&quot;*&quot;:
                        ScoreIncrease=Tile2.GetPoints*2
                    elif Tile2.GetSymbol()==&quot;*&quot;:
                        ScoreIncrease=Tile1.GetPoints*2
                    else:
                        ScoreIncrease += Tile1.GetPoints() + Tile2.GetPoints()
                    # -- End Changes --

# -- Start Changes --
class WildTile(Tile):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__(&quot;*&quot;,3)
# -- End Changes --

&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
{{CPTAnswerTabEnd}}


=== '''Q15: Create a derived class AIPlayer inheriting from Player. Add a method SelectPiles(List&lt;Pile&gt; Board) that scans the board for two non-empty piles sharing identical top tiles and returns their indices. If no match is visible, return the first two available non-empty pile indices.'''===
{{CPTAnswerTab|C#}}


&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;C#&quot; line=&quot;1&quot; start=&quot;1&quot;&gt;


&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
{{CPTAnswerTabEnd}}
{{CPTAnswerTab|Python}}
&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;Python&quot; line=&quot;1&quot; start=&quot;1&quot;&gt;
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
{{CPTAnswerTabEnd}}

=== '''Q16: Add an Undo feature to Game. If a player makes a successful match, store the removed tiles, pile indices, and score awarded. Add menu option 'U' to undo the last move, returning the tiles from Discard back into their respective piles and deducting the awarded score from the player.'''===
{{CPTAnswerTab|C#}}


&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;C#&quot; line=&quot;1&quot; start=&quot;1&quot;&gt;


&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
{{CPTAnswerTabEnd}}
{{CPTAnswerTab|Python}}
&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;Python&quot; line=&quot;1&quot; start=&quot;1&quot;&gt;
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
{{CPTAnswerTabEnd}}

=== '''Q17: Allow each player a maximum of 1 &quot;Peek&quot; ability per game. Add option 'V' to the menu. When used, the current player selects a pile and previews the symbol of the second tile down in that pile without removing it. Subtract 1 from their available peeks.'''===
{{CPTAnswerTab|C#}}
JO: Coombe Wood School - South Croydon

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;C#&quot; line=&quot;1&quot; start=&quot;1&quot;&gt;
 // start change in Player Class
    protected int PeekAbility = 1;
    public virtual bool Peek()
    {
        if (PeekAbility  == 1)
        {
            PeekAbility--;
            return true;
        }
        else
        {
            return false;
        }
    }
    // end change
   while (GameOver == false)
{
    string Choice = &quot;&quot;;
    while (Choice != &quot;T&quot;)
    {
        DisplayMenu();
        Choice = GetChoice();
        if (Choice == &quot;B&quot;)
        {
            DisplayBoard();
        }
        else if (Choice == &quot;D&quot;)
        {
            DisplayDiscard();
        }
        else if (Choice == &quot;S&quot;)
        {
            DisplayScores();
        }

        // start change
        else if (Choice == &quot;V&quot;)
        {
            DisplaySecondTile();
        }
        // end change
    }
            

   // start change in Class Game
    private void DisplaySecondTile()
    {
        if (Players[WhoseTurn].Peek() == true)
        {
            int PilePeek = ChoosePile();
            char TopTile = Board[PilePeek].GetSymbolOfTopTile();
            Board[PilePeek].Remove();
            Console.WriteLine(Board[PilePeek].GetSymbolOfTopTile());
            Board[PilePeek].Add(new Tile(TopTile, 0));
        }
        else
        {
            Console.WriteLine(&quot;Peek has already been used!&quot;);
        }
    }
    // end change
private void DisplayMenu()
{
    Console.WriteLine();
    Console.WriteLine();
    Console.WriteLine(&quot;MENU&quot;);
    Console.WriteLine(&quot;B. Display the board&quot;);
    Console.WriteLine(&quot;D. Display the discard&quot;);
    Console.WriteLine(&quot;T. Take turn&quot;);
    Console.WriteLine(&quot;S. Display scores&quot;);
    //start change
    Console.WriteLine(&quot;V. Peek at pile&quot;);
    //end change
    Console.WriteLine();
}


&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
{{CPTAnswerTabEnd}}
{{CPTAnswerTab|Python}}
&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;Python&quot; line=&quot;1&quot; start=&quot;1&quot;&gt;
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
{{CPTAnswerTabEnd}}
=== '''Q18: Create a derived class TrapPile inheriting from Pile. If a matching pair of tiles is removed where either selected pile is a TrapPile, convert the score gain into a penalty (subtract points instead of adding).'''===
{{CPTAnswerTab|C#}}


&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;C#&quot; line=&quot;1&quot; start=&quot;1&quot;&gt;


&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
{{CPTAnswerTabEnd}}
{{CPTAnswerTab|Python}}
&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;Python&quot; line=&quot;1&quot; start=&quot;1&quot;&gt;
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
{{CPTAnswerTabEnd}}
=== '''Q19:Modify Game to support non-square grids (e.g., Width \times Height = 20 piles total). Replace GridSize with GridWidth and GridHeight. Update GetIndex(x, y) and DisplayBoard() accordingly.'''===
{{CPTAnswerTab|C#}}


&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;C#&quot; line=&quot;1&quot; start=&quot;1&quot;&gt;


&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
{{CPTAnswerTabEnd}}
{{CPTAnswerTab|Python}}
&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;Python&quot; line=&quot;1&quot; start=&quot;1&quot;&gt;
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
{{CPTAnswerTabEnd}}
=== '''Q20: Create a MoveLog class to track turn events. Record player name, chosen pile coordinates, matched symbols, and points earned. Add menu option 'H' to print a structured text table summarizing all completed turns in the current game session.'''===
{{CPTAnswerTab|C#}}


&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;C#&quot; line=&quot;1&quot; start=&quot;1&quot;&gt;


&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
{{CPTAnswerTabEnd}}{{CPTAnswerTab|Python}}
&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;Python&quot; line=&quot;1&quot; start=&quot;1&quot;&gt;
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
{{CPTAnswerTabEnd}}
== Section D: Issues with the Code and Fixes : ==

=== '''Issue 1: When entering a choice, the way the program detects what choice the player has inputted is case sensitive. Entering ‘b’ rather than ‘B’ will prompt the user to enter their choice again.'''===
{{CPTAnswerTab|C#}}
Coombe Wood School - South Croydon
&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;C#&quot; line=&quot;1&quot; start=&quot;1&quot;&gt;
// Start change
Choice = Console.ReadLine().ToUpper();
// end change

&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
{{CPTAnswerTabEnd}}
{{CPTAnswerTab|Python}}
Caistor Grammar School - Lincolnshire
&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;Python&quot; line=&quot;1&quot; start=&quot;1&quot;&gt;
# Start change
Choice = input(f&quot;{self.__Players[self.__WhoseTurn].GetName()}, enter your choice: &quot;).upper()
# End change

&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
{{CPTAnswerTabEnd}}


=== '''Issue 2: The program allows the user to enter x and y coordinates out of the 1-6 range'''===
{{CPTAnswerTab|C#}}
Coombe Wood School - South Croydon

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;C#&quot; line=&quot;1&quot; start=&quot;1&quot;&gt;
// Start change
while (x&gt;6 || x&lt;1 || y&gt;6 || y&lt;1)
{
    Console.WriteLine(&quot;Please enter within the range of 1-6&quot;);
    Console.Write(&quot;Enter x coordinate: &quot;);
    x = Convert.ToInt32(Console.ReadLine());
    Console.Write(&quot;Enter y coordinate: &quot;);
    y = Convert.ToInt32(Console.ReadLine());

}
return GetIndex(x, y);
// end change


&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
{{CPTAnswerTabEnd}}{{CPTAnswerTab|Python}}
Caistor Grammar School - Lincolnshire Edited to work with any grid size: OPGS - Kent
&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;Python&quot; line=&quot;1&quot; start=&quot;1&quot;&gt;
    def __ChoosePile(self):
        x = 0
        y = 0
        # -- Start Changes --
        while x&lt;1 or x&gt;self.__GridSize or y&lt;1 or y&gt;self.__GridSize:
            print()
            print(f&quot;For each coordinate enter a number between 1 and {self.__GridSize}&quot;)
            x = int(input(&quot;Enter x coordinate: &quot;))
            y = int(input(&quot;Enter y coordinate: &quot;))
            print()
            # -- End Changes --
        return self.__GetIndex(x, y)

&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
{{CPTAnswerTabEnd}}

=== '''Issue 3: If player 1 and player 2 get the same score, the game ends and a tie isn't declared.'''===
{{CPTAnswerTab|C#}}
Coombe Wood School - South Croydon

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;C#&quot; line=&quot;1&quot; start=&quot;1&quot;&gt;
// Start change
else if (Players[1].GetScore() == Players[0].GetScore())
{
    Console.WriteLine(&quot;The game is a tie.&quot;);
}
// end change


&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
{{CPTAnswerTabEnd}}{{CPTAnswerTab|Python}}I stand to be corrected but I don't think this can actually happen. After a player gains points it checks to see if they reached the maximum before ending the game. If the other player had already reached the MaxScore it would have stopped on their turn.

Caistor Grammar School - Lincolnshire
&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;Python&quot; line=&quot;1&quot; start=&quot;1&quot;&gt;
def PlayGame(self):
        #Code Omitted
        if self.__Players[0].GetScore() &gt; self.__Players[1].GetScore():
            print(f&quot;{self.__Players[0].GetName()} has won!&quot;)
        elif self.__Players[1].GetScore() &gt; self.__Players[0].GetScore():
            print(f&quot;{self.__Players[1].GetName()} has won!&quot;)
        # -- Start Changes --
        else:
            print(&quot;The game ends in a tie.&quot;)
        # -- End Changes --
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
{{CPTAnswerTabEnd}}

=== '''Issue 4: The program doesn’t display any error messages to the user when they choose the same pile.'''===
{{CPTAnswerTab|C#}}
Coombe Wood School - South Croydon

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;C#&quot; line=&quot;1&quot; start=&quot;1&quot;&gt;
int Pile1 = ChoosePile();
// START CHANGE
int Pile2 = ChoosePile();
while (Pile1 == Pile2)
{
     Console.WriteLine(&quot;Please input a different tile&quot;);
     Pile2 = ChoosePile();
}
// END CHANGE


&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
{{CPTAnswerTabEnd}}{{CPTAnswerTab|Python}}
Caistor Grammar School - Lincolnshire
&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;Python&quot; line=&quot;1&quot; start=&quot;1&quot;&gt;
def PlayGame(self):
            #Code Omitted
            Pile1 = self.__ChoosePile()
            Pile2 = self.__ChoosePile()
            while Pile1 == Pile2:
                # -- Start Changes --
                print(&quot;Pile 2 must be different to Pile 1&quot;)
                # -- End Changes
                Pile2 = self.__ChoosePile()
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
{{CPTAnswerTabEnd}}

=== '''Issue 5: If a letter which is not on the display menu is entered, there is no error message or a message to prompt the user to enter a valid letter'''===
{{CPTAnswerTab|C#}}
Coombe Wood School - South Croydon

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;C#&quot; line=&quot;1&quot; start=&quot;1&quot;&gt;
while (Choice.ToUpper() != &quot;T&quot;)
{
    DisplayMenu();
    Choice = GetChoice();
    if (Choice.ToUpper() == &quot;B&quot;)
    {
        DisplayBoard();
    }
    else if (Choice.ToUpper() == &quot;D&quot;)
    {
        DisplayDiscard();
    }
    else if (Choice.ToUpper() == &quot;S&quot;)
    {
        DisplayScores();
    }
    // CHANGE
    else if (Choice.ToUpper() != &quot;T&quot;)
    {
        Console.WriteLine(&quot;That is not a valid menu option.&quot;);
    }
    // END CHANGE
}


&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
{{CPTAnswerTabEnd}}
{{CPTAnswerTab|Python}}
Caistor Grammar School - Lincolnshire
&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;Python&quot; line=&quot;1&quot; start=&quot;1&quot;&gt;

    def PlayGame(self):
        while self.__GameOver == False:
            Choice = &quot;&quot;
            while Choice != &quot;T&quot;:
                self.__DisplayMenu()
                Choice = self.__GetChoice()
                if Choice == &quot;B&quot;:
                    self.__DisplayBoard()
                elif Choice == &quot;D&quot;:
                    self.__DisplayDiscard()
                elif Choice == &quot;S&quot;:
                    self.__DisplayScores()
                # -- Start Changes -- 
                elif Choice != &quot;T&quot;:
                    print(&quot;Please enter a valid option&quot;)
                # -- End Changes --

&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
{{CPTAnswerTabEnd}}


=== '''Issue 6: Before the tiles are matched, the code should check if the pile is empty or the players turn is wasted'''===
{{CPTAnswerTab|C#}}
Coombe Wood School - South Croydon

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;C#&quot; line=&quot;1&quot; start=&quot;1&quot;&gt;
  int Pile1 = ChoosePile();
            // START Change
            while (Board[Pile1].Empty() == true)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(&quot;Empty tile&quot;);
                Pile1 = ChoosePile();
            }
            int Pile2 = ChoosePile();
            while (Board[Pile2].Empty() == true)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(&quot;Empty Tile&quot;);
                Pile2 = ChoosePile();
            }
            // end change


else
{
    Console.WriteLine(&quot;You chose an empty pile&quot;);
    //player is given another turn if pile is empty
    //start change
    PlayGame();
    //end change
}


&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
{{CPTAnswerTabEnd}}
{{CPTAnswerTab|Python}}
Caistor Grammar School - Lincolnshire
&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;Python&quot; line=&quot;1&quot; start=&quot;1&quot;&gt;
def PlayGame(self):
            #Code Omitted
            Pile1 = self.__ChoosePile()
            # -- Start Changes --
            while Pile1.Empty():
                print(&quot;Please pick a pile that isn't empty&quot;)
                Pile1=self.__ChoosePile
            Pile2 = self.__ChoosePile()
            while Pile2.Empty():
                print(&quot;Please pick a pile that isn't empty&quot;)
                Pile2=self.__ChoosePile()
            # -- End Changes --
            while Pile1 == Pile2:
                Pile2 = self.__ChoosePile()
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
{{CPTAnswerTabEnd}}
=== '''Issue 7: When invalid input is entered code crashes'''===
{{CPTAnswerTab|C#}}
Coombe Wood School - South Croydon

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;C#&quot; line=&quot;1&quot; start=&quot;1&quot;&gt;

int x = 0, y = 0;
// CHANGE
try
{
    Console.Write(&quot;Enter x coordinate: &quot;);
    x = Convert.ToInt32(Console.ReadLine());
    Console.Write(&quot;Enter y coordinate: &quot;);
    y = Convert.ToInt32(Console.ReadLine());
    return GetIndex(x, y);
} catch (Exception)
{
    Console.WriteLine(&quot;Invalid input&quot;);
    ChoosePile();
}
// END CHANGE


&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
{{CPTAnswerTabEnd}}{{CPTAnswerTab|Python}}
&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;Python&quot; line=&quot;1&quot; start=&quot;1&quot;&gt;
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
{{CPTAnswerTabEnd}}
=== '''Issue 8: When the game finishes, it does not display the scores of both users'''===
{{CPTAnswerTab|C#}}
Coombe Wood School - South Croydon

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;C#&quot; line=&quot;1&quot; start=&quot;1&quot;&gt;
//start change
if (Players[0].GetScore() &gt; Players[1].GetScore())
{
    Console.WriteLine($&quot;{Players[0].GetName()} has won! Score:&quot; + Players[0].GetScore());
}
else if (Players[1].GetScore() &gt; Players[0].GetScore())
{
    Console.WriteLine($&quot;{Players[1].GetName()} has won! Score:&quot; + Players[1].GetScore());
}
//end change


&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
{{CPTAnswerTabEnd}}
{{CPTAnswerTab|Python}}
Caistor Grammar School - Lincolnshire
&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;Python&quot; line=&quot;1&quot; start=&quot;1&quot;&gt;
def PlayGame(self):
        #Code Omitted
        if self.__Players[0].GetScore() &gt; self.__Players[1].GetScore():
            print(f&quot;{self.__Players[0].GetName()} has won!&quot;)
            # -- Start Changes --
            self.__DisplayScores()
            # -- End Changes --
        elif self.__Players[1].GetScore() &gt; self.__Players[0].GetScore():
            print(f&quot;{self.__Players[1].GetName()} has won!&quot;)
            # -- Start Changes --
            self.__DisplayScores()
            # -- End Changes --
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
{{CPTAnswerTabEnd}}


=== '''Issue 9: The x coordinates can go above the boundary of 1-6'''===
{{CPTAnswerTab|C#}}
Coombe Wood School - South Croydon

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;C#&quot; line=&quot;1&quot; start=&quot;1&quot;&gt;
// CHANGE
try
{
    do
    {
        Console.Write(&quot;Enter x coordinate: &quot;);
        x = Convert.ToInt32(Console.ReadLine());

        if (x &gt; GridSize || x &lt; 1)
        {
            Console.WriteLine(&quot;Out of bounds. Enter a value within the range of the grid.&quot;);
        }

    } while (x &gt; GridSize || x &lt; 1);

    do
    {
        Console.Write(&quot;Enter y coordinate: &quot;);
        y = Convert.ToInt32(Console.ReadLine());

        if (y &gt; GridSize || y &lt; 1)
        {
            Console.WriteLine(&quot;Out of bounds. Enter a value within the range of the grid.&quot;);
        }

        return GetIndex(x, y);

    } while (y &gt; GridSize || y &lt; 1);
}
catch (Exception)
{
    Console.WriteLine(&quot;Invalid input&quot;);
    ChoosePile();
}
return 0;
// END CHANGE


&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
{{CPTAnswerTabEnd}}{{CPTAnswerTab|Python}}
&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;Python&quot; line=&quot;1&quot; start=&quot;1&quot;&gt;
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
{{CPTAnswerTabEnd}}</text>
      <sha1>p9ht71vk2ua2kqye10kgcxtxwy305k9</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>About Monsters And Angels/Chapter One</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>485682</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4680388</id>
      <parentid>4677134</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T13:11:05Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>3MMPEYTON</username>
        <id>3393808</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4680388</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4517" sha1="3685hmngc46uothsrjxug9qvxhlnl8e" xml:space="preserve">== Chapter One: The Early Functions of Monsters == 
In most pre-modern societies monsters found in mythology, were odd reflections of human-being who had a purpose: to teach people moral lessons.
Monsters once functioned like early police officers, enforcing community taboos, moral codes and family duties. Human cultures created supernatural entities to define and patrol the boundary of &quot;normal&quot; human behavior.
[[File:Erinias, Alonso Vázquez.jpg|thumb|Erinias, Alonso Vázquez]]

- '''The Erinyes / Furies (Greek Mythology):''' &lt;br&gt;
The Furies were snake-haired underworld deities, who were born from primordial blood. They targeted people who broke oaths, murdered their kin, or committed filial impiety [a failure to show proper respect, care, and obedience towards one's parents and ancestors]. They functioned as a cosmic force against domestic violence. &lt;br&gt;
For example: If a person killed their mother or father, then the Furies would hunt them into madness.
&lt;br&gt; 
&lt;br&gt;
'''The Wendigo (Alogonquian Folklore):''' &lt;br&gt;
A large, emaciated monster, born when a human resorts to cannibalism or gives into unchecked selfish greed.  A human can be transformed into a Wendigo, with an emaciated ash-gray complexion, tattered bloody lips, and an odor of decay. &lt;br&gt;
The Wendigo legend functions as a societal warning against selfishness, selfish individualism, and the hoarding of material resources from other people who also need resources in order to survive. &lt;br&gt;
This myth reinforces sharing, a value developed in order to ensure the survival of the community. The Wendigo legends support morals that originated from tribal people who lived through the harsh North American winters. These legends emerged from communities that depended entirely on resource-sharing and cooperation.  &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
'''The Domovoy (Slavic Folklore):''' &lt;br&gt;
A household spirit, or ancestor that lives under the floorboards or behind the stove. The Domovoy acted as a private police officer for the domestic sphere. It would punish a household by haunting it. The Domovoy were known to break dishes, tangle horse manes, or make spooky noises if family members were lazy, neglected their chores, cursed or disrespected their family. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
'''Medusa and the Gorgons (Greek Mythology):''' &lt;br&gt;
Medusa is often seen as a cautionary tale against vanity. Medusa, a once beautiful woman, was transformed into a monster with venomous snakes for hair. Whomever she looked at would be instantly turned to stone. Her terrible transformation warned citizens of the ancient world about the devastating spiritual and physical risks associated with vanity, or with challenging the authority of the gods. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
'''The Oni:''' &lt;br&gt; [[File:Sessen-Doji-Offers-His-Life-Ogre-Oni-1764-Soga-Shohaku.png|thumb|Sessen Doji Offering His Life to an Ogre (Japanese Oni), hanging scroll, color on paper, 1764]] 
Originally brutal demons, born from war and famine. The Oni evolved into a tool for domestic discipline and moral training. In both modern and historic Japanese households, parents used the threat of the Oni to discourage lying, disobedience, and tantrums from their children. These folklore creatures effectively established early boundaries, so that children could know what was right and wrong. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
In mythology and folklore, monsters didn't just scare people -- they also functioned as a cultural warning system. Some monsters functioned as omens of death, others as signs that one was trespassing, crossing psychological boundaries that signaled immediate danger. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
'''The Banshee (Irish Folklore)''': &lt;br&gt;
The Banshee is a female spirit, often taking the form of an old woman. She warns of a nearby death by letting out a terrifying shriek, or a mournful wail (called &quot;keening,&quot;) near the house of the doomed person. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;  
'''The Sirens (Greek Mythology):''' &lt;br&gt;
The sirens were part-woman and part-bird. They sat on rocky cliffs and sang hypnotic songs that would put sailors under a trance. In myth, the famous warrior and skilled sailor Odysseus, viewed the sirens' song as the ultimate clue that danger (in the form of hidden rocks) was ahead. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;Monsters do not exist only to provide foils for heroes, or to fill in the unknown realms of the unexplored natural world. Monsters have a cultural function: Monsters teach humans lessons, give warnings, and help to reinforce social codes and rules.  
&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Chapter navigation with TOC|Introduction |Chapter Two|TOC mini}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>3685hmngc46uothsrjxug9qvxhlnl8e</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4680416</id>
      <parentid>4680388</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T14:38:25Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>3MMPEYTON</username>
        <id>3393808</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4680416</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4776" sha1="31xxyhe82q6icxttc0fljebhk31ycn6" xml:space="preserve">== Chapter One: The Early Functions of Monsters == 
In most pre-modern societies, monsters found in mythology were odd reflections of human-being who had a purpose: to teach people moral lessons.
Monsters once functioned like early police officers, enforcing community taboos, moral codes and family duties. Human cultures created supernatural entities to define and patrol the boundary of &quot;normal&quot; human behavior. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
The Furies, the Wendigo, Medusa, the Banshee, the Sirens and many other monsters found in mythology have cultural functions. They mark limits, their cautionary tales tell of the consequence of traveling beyond acceptable human boundaries. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
[[File:Erinias, Alonso Vázquez.jpg|thumb|Erinias, Alonso Vázquez]]

- '''The Erinyes / Furies (Greek Mythology):''' &lt;br&gt;
The Furies were snake-haired underworld deities, who were born from primordial blood. They targeted people who broke oaths, murdered their kin, or committed filial impiety [a failure to show proper respect, care, and obedience towards one's parents and ancestors]. They functioned as a cosmic force against domestic violence. &lt;br&gt;
For example: If a person killed their mother or father, then the Furies would hunt them into madness.
&lt;br&gt; 
&lt;br&gt;
'''The Wendigo (Alogonquian Folklore):''' &lt;br&gt;
A large, emaciated monster, born when a human resorts to cannibalism or gives into unchecked selfish greed.  A human can be transformed into a Wendigo, with an emaciated ash-gray complexion, tattered bloody lips, and an odor of decay. &lt;br&gt;
The Wendigo legend functions as a societal warning against selfishness, selfish individualism, and the hoarding of material resources from other people who also need resources in order to survive. &lt;br&gt;
This myth reinforces sharing, a value developed in order to ensure the survival of the community. The Wendigo legends support morals that originated from tribal people who lived through the harsh North American winters. These legends emerged from communities that depended entirely on resource-sharing and cooperation.  &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
'''The Domovoy (Slavic Folklore):''' &lt;br&gt;
A household spirit, or ancestor that lives under the floorboards or behind the stove. The Domovoy acted as a private police officer for the domestic sphere. It would punish a household by haunting it. The Domovoy were known to break dishes, tangle horse manes, or make spooky noises if family members were lazy, neglected their chores, cursed or disrespected their family. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
'''Medusa and the Gorgons (Greek Mythology):''' &lt;br&gt;
Medusa is often seen as a cautionary tale against vanity. Medusa, a once beautiful woman, was transformed into a monster with venomous snakes for hair. Whomever she looked at would be instantly turned to stone. Her terrible transformation warned citizens of the ancient world about the devastating spiritual and physical risks associated with vanity, or with challenging the authority of the gods. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
'''The Oni:''' &lt;br&gt; [[File:Sessen-Doji-Offers-His-Life-Ogre-Oni-1764-Soga-Shohaku.png|thumb|Sessen Doji Offering His Life to an Ogre (Japanese Oni), hanging scroll, color on paper, 1764]] 
Originally brutal demons, born from war and famine. The Oni evolved into a tool for domestic discipline and moral training. In both modern and historic Japanese households, parents used the threat of the Oni to discourage lying, disobedience, and tantrums from their children. These folklore creatures effectively established early boundaries, so that children could know what was right and wrong. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
In mythology and folklore, monsters didn't just scare people -- they also functioned as a cultural warning system. Some monsters functioned as omens of death, others as signs that one was trespassing, crossing psychological boundaries that signaled immediate danger. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
'''The Banshee (Irish Folklore)''': &lt;br&gt;
The Banshee is a female spirit, often taking the form of an old woman. She warns of a nearby death by letting out a terrifying shriek, or a mournful wail (called &quot;keening,&quot;) near the house of the doomed person. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;  
'''The Sirens (Greek Mythology):''' &lt;br&gt;
The sirens were part-woman and part-bird. They sat on rocky cliffs and sang hypnotic songs that would put sailors under a trance. In myth, the famous warrior and skilled sailor Odysseus, viewed the sirens' song as the ultimate clue that danger (in the form of hidden rocks) was ahead. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;Monsters do not exist only to provide foils for heroes, or to fill in the unknown realms of the unexplored natural world. Monsters have a cultural function: Monsters teach humans lessons, give warnings, and help to reinforce social codes and rules.  
&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Chapter navigation with TOC|Introduction |Chapter Two|TOC mini}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>31xxyhe82q6icxttc0fljebhk31ycn6</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4680417</id>
      <parentid>4680416</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T14:39:28Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>3MMPEYTON</username>
        <id>3393808</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4680417</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4774" sha1="3twf3m5jk8k6ee0gjgto69dgchf64b8" xml:space="preserve">== Chapter One: The Early Functions of Monsters == 
In most pre-modern societies, monsters found in mythology were odd reflections of human-being who had a purpose: to teach people moral lessons.
Monsters once functioned like early police officers, enforcing community taboos, moral codes and family duties. Human cultures created supernatural entities to define and patrol the boundary of &quot;normal&quot; human behavior. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
The Furies, the Wendigo, Medusa, the Banshee, the Sirens and many other monsters found in mythology have cultural functions. They mark limits, their cautionary tales tell of the consequence of traveling beyond acceptable human boundaries. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
[[File:Erinias, Alonso Vázquez.jpg|thumb|Erinias, Alonso Vázquez]]

'''The Erinyes / Furies (Greek Mythology):''' &lt;br&gt;
The Furies were snake-haired underworld deities, who were born from primordial blood. They targeted people who broke oaths, murdered their kin, or committed filial impiety [a failure to show proper respect, care, and obedience towards one's parents and ancestors]. They functioned as a cosmic force against domestic violence. &lt;br&gt;
For example: If a person killed their mother or father, then the Furies would hunt them into madness.
&lt;br&gt; 
&lt;br&gt;
'''The Wendigo (Alogonquian Folklore):''' &lt;br&gt;
A large, emaciated monster, born when a human resorts to cannibalism or gives into unchecked selfish greed.  A human can be transformed into a Wendigo, with an emaciated ash-gray complexion, tattered bloody lips, and an odor of decay. &lt;br&gt;
The Wendigo legend functions as a societal warning against selfishness, selfish individualism, and the hoarding of material resources from other people who also need resources in order to survive. &lt;br&gt;
This myth reinforces sharing, a value developed in order to ensure the survival of the community. The Wendigo legends support morals that originated from tribal people who lived through the harsh North American winters. These legends emerged from communities that depended entirely on resource-sharing and cooperation.  &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
'''The Domovoy (Slavic Folklore):''' &lt;br&gt;
A household spirit, or ancestor that lives under the floorboards or behind the stove. The Domovoy acted as a private police officer for the domestic sphere. It would punish a household by haunting it. The Domovoy were known to break dishes, tangle horse manes, or make spooky noises if family members were lazy, neglected their chores, cursed or disrespected their family. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
'''Medusa and the Gorgons (Greek Mythology):''' &lt;br&gt;
Medusa is often seen as a cautionary tale against vanity. Medusa, a once beautiful woman, was transformed into a monster with venomous snakes for hair. Whomever she looked at would be instantly turned to stone. Her terrible transformation warned citizens of the ancient world about the devastating spiritual and physical risks associated with vanity, or with challenging the authority of the gods. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
'''The Oni:''' &lt;br&gt; [[File:Sessen-Doji-Offers-His-Life-Ogre-Oni-1764-Soga-Shohaku.png|thumb|Sessen Doji Offering His Life to an Ogre (Japanese Oni), hanging scroll, color on paper, 1764]] 
Originally brutal demons, born from war and famine. The Oni evolved into a tool for domestic discipline and moral training. In both modern and historic Japanese households, parents used the threat of the Oni to discourage lying, disobedience, and tantrums from their children. These folklore creatures effectively established early boundaries, so that children could know what was right and wrong. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
In mythology and folklore, monsters didn't just scare people -- they also functioned as a cultural warning system. Some monsters functioned as omens of death, others as signs that one was trespassing, crossing psychological boundaries that signaled immediate danger. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
'''The Banshee (Irish Folklore)''': &lt;br&gt;
The Banshee is a female spirit, often taking the form of an old woman. She warns of a nearby death by letting out a terrifying shriek, or a mournful wail (called &quot;keening,&quot;) near the house of the doomed person. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;  
'''The Sirens (Greek Mythology):''' &lt;br&gt;
The sirens were part-woman and part-bird. They sat on rocky cliffs and sang hypnotic songs that would put sailors under a trance. In myth, the famous warrior and skilled sailor Odysseus, viewed the sirens' song as the ultimate clue that danger (in the form of hidden rocks) was ahead. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;Monsters do not exist only to provide foils for heroes, or to fill in the unknown realms of the unexplored natural world. Monsters have a cultural function: Monsters teach humans lessons, give warnings, and help to reinforce social codes and rules.  
&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Chapter navigation with TOC|Introduction |Chapter Two|TOC mini}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>3twf3m5jk8k6ee0gjgto69dgchf64b8</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4680418</id>
      <parentid>4680417</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T14:42:57Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>3MMPEYTON</username>
        <id>3393808</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4680418</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4794" sha1="0gj2789jwkpxl2odse03f0982287wpl" xml:space="preserve">== Chapter One: The Early Functions of Monsters == 
In most pre-modern societies, monsters found in mythology were odd reflections of human-being who had a purpose: to teach people moral lessons.
Monsters once functioned like early police officers, enforcing community taboos, moral codes and family duties. Human cultures created supernatural entities to define and patrol the boundary of &quot;normal&quot; human behavior. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
The Furies, the Wendigo, Medusa, the Banshee, the Sirens and many other monsters found in mythology have cultural functions. They mark limits, their cautionary tales tell of the consequence of traveling beyond acceptable human boundaries. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
[[File:Erinias, Alonso Vázquez.jpg|thumb|Erinias, Alonso Vázquez]]

'''The Erinyes / Furies (Greek Mythology):''' &lt;br&gt;
The Furies were snake-haired underworld deities, who were born from primordial blood. They targeted people who broke oaths, murdered their kin, or committed filial impiety [a failure to show proper respect, care, and obedience towards one's parents and ancestors]. They functioned as a cosmic force against domestic violence. &lt;br&gt;
For example: If a person killed their mother or father, then the Furies would hunt them into madness.
&lt;br&gt; 
&lt;br&gt;
'''The Wendigo (Alogonquian Folklore):''' &lt;br&gt;
A large, emaciated monster, born when a human resorts to cannibalism or gives into unchecked selfish greed.  A human can be transformed into a Wendigo, with an emaciated ash-gray complexion, tattered bloody lips, and an odor of decay. &lt;br&gt;
The Wendigo legend functions as a societal warning against selfishness, selfish individualism, and the hoarding of material resources from other people who also need resources in order to survive. &lt;br&gt;
This myth reinforces sharing, a value developed in order to ensure the survival of the community. The Wendigo legends support morals that originated from tribal people who lived through the harsh North American winters. These legends emerged from communities that depended entirely on resource-sharing and cooperation.  &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
'''The Domovoy (Slavic Folklore):''' &lt;br&gt;
A household spirit, or ancestor that lives under the floorboards or behind the stove. The Domovoy acted as a private police officer for the domestic sphere. It would punish a household by haunting it. The Domovoy were known to break dishes, tangle horse manes, or make spooky noises if family members were lazy, neglected their chores, cursed or disrespected their family. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
'''Medusa and the Gorgons (Greek Mythology):''' &lt;br&gt;
Medusa is often seen as a cautionary tale against vanity. Medusa, a once beautiful woman, was transformed into a monster with venomous snakes for hair. Whomever she looked at would be instantly turned to stone. Her terrible transformation warned citizens of the ancient world about the devastating spiritual and physical risks associated with vanity, or with challenging the authority of the gods. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
'''The Oni (Japanese Folklore):''' &lt;br&gt; [[File:Sessen-Doji-Offers-His-Life-Ogre-Oni-1764-Soga-Shohaku.png|thumb|Sessen Doji Offering His Life to an Ogre (Japanese Oni), hanging scroll, color on paper, 1764]] 
Originally brutal demons, born from war and famine. The Oni evolved into a tool for domestic discipline and moral training. In both modern and historic Japanese households, parents used the threat of the Oni to discourage lying, disobedience, and tantrums from their children. These folklore creatures effectively established early boundaries, so that children could know what was right and wrong. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
In mythology and folklore, monsters didn't just scare people -- they also functioned as a cultural warning system. Some monsters functioned as omens of death, others as signs that one was trespassing, crossing psychological boundaries that signaled immediate danger. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
'''The Banshee (Irish Folklore)''': &lt;br&gt;
The Banshee is a female spirit, often taking the form of an old woman. She warns of a nearby death by letting out a terrifying shriek, or a mournful wail (called &quot;keening,&quot;) near the house of the doomed person. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;  
'''The Sirens (Greek Mythology):''' &lt;br&gt;
The sirens were part-woman and part-bird. They sat on rocky cliffs and sang hypnotic songs that would put sailors under a trance. In myth, the famous warrior and skilled sailor Odysseus, viewed the sirens' song as the ultimate clue that danger (in the form of hidden rocks) was ahead. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;Monsters do not exist only to provide foils for heroes, or to fill in the unknown realms of the unexplored natural world. Monsters have a cultural function: Monsters teach humans lessons, give warnings, and help to reinforce social codes and rules.  
&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Chapter navigation with TOC|Introduction |Chapter Two|TOC mini}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>0gj2789jwkpxl2odse03f0982287wpl</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4680579</id>
      <parentid>4680418</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T22:26:21Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>3MMPEYTON</username>
        <id>3393808</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4680579</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5784" sha1="lj43cgckgjrp2mqlv1vd9a6r5xxzyv3" xml:space="preserve">== Chapter One: The Early Functions of Monsters == 
In most pre-modern societies, monsters found in mythology were odd reflections of human-being who had a purpose: to teach people moral lessons.
Monsters once functioned like early police officers, enforcing community taboos, moral codes and family duties. Human cultures created supernatural entities to define and patrol the boundary of &quot;normal&quot; human behavior. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
The Furies, the Wendigo, Medusa, the Banshee, the Sirens and many other monsters found in mythology have cultural functions. They mark limits, their cautionary tales tell of the consequence of traveling beyond acceptable human boundaries. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
[[File:Erinias, Alonso Vázquez.jpg|thumb|Erinias, Alonso Vázquez]]

'''The Erinyes / Furies (Greek Mythology):''' &lt;br&gt;
The Furies were snake-haired underworld deities, who were born from primordial blood. They targeted people who broke oaths, murdered their kin, or committed filial impiety [a failure to show proper respect, care, and obedience towards one's parents and ancestors]. They functioned as a cosmic force against domestic violence. &lt;br&gt;
For example: If a person killed their mother or father, then the Furies would hunt them into madness.
&lt;br&gt; 
&lt;br&gt;
'''The Wendigo (Alogonquian Folklore):''' &lt;br&gt;
A large, emaciated monster, born when a human resorts to cannibalism or gives into unchecked selfish greed.  A human can be transformed into a Wendigo, with an emaciated ash-gray complexion, tattered bloody lips, and an odor of decay. &lt;br&gt;
The Wendigo legend functions as a societal warning against selfishness, selfish individualism, and the hoarding of material resources from other people who also need resources in order to survive. &lt;br&gt;
This myth reinforces sharing, a value developed in order to ensure the survival of the community. The Wendigo legends support morals that originated from tribal people who lived through the harsh North American winters. These legends emerged from communities that depended entirely on resource-sharing and cooperation.  &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
'''The Domovoy (Slavic Folklore):''' &lt;br&gt;
A household spirit, or ancestor that lives under the floorboards or behind the stove. The Domovoy acted as a private police officer for the domestic sphere. It would punish a household by haunting it. The Domovoy were known to break dishes, tangle horse manes, or make spooky noises if family members were lazy, neglected their chores, cursed or disrespected their family. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
'''Medusa and the Gorgons (Greek Mythology):''' &lt;br&gt;
Medusa is often seen as a cautionary tale against vanity. Medusa, a once beautiful woman, was transformed into a monster with venomous snakes for hair. Whomever she looked at would be instantly turned to stone. Her terrible transformation warned citizens of the ancient world about the devastating spiritual and physical risks associated with vanity, or with challenging the authority of the gods. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
'''The Oni (Japanese Folklore):''' &lt;br&gt; [[File:Sessen-Doji-Offers-His-Life-Ogre-Oni-1764-Soga-Shohaku.png|thumb|Sessen Doji Offering His Life to an Ogre (Japanese Oni), hanging scroll, color on paper, 1764]] 
Originally brutal demons, born from war and famine. The Oni evolved into a tool for domestic discipline and moral training. In both modern and historic Japanese households, parents used the threat of the Oni to discourage lying, disobedience, and tantrums from their children. These folklore creatures effectively established early boundaries, so that children could know what was right and wrong. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
In mythology and folklore, monsters didn't just scare people -- they also functioned as a cultural warning system. Some monsters functioned as omens of death, others as signs that one was trespassing, crossing psychological boundaries that signaled immediate danger. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
'''The Banshee (Irish Folklore)''': &lt;br&gt;
The Banshee is a female spirit, often taking the form of an old woman. She warns of a nearby death by letting out a terrifying shriek, or a mournful wail (called &quot;keening,&quot;) near the house of the doomed person. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;  
'''The Sirens (Greek Mythology):''' &lt;br&gt;
The sirens were part-woman and part-bird. They sat on rocky cliffs and sang hypnotic songs that would put sailors under a trance. In myth, the famous warrior and skilled sailor Odysseus, viewed the sirens' song as the ultimate clue that danger (in the form of hidden rocks) was ahead. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;Monsters do not exist only to provide foils for heroes, or to fill in the unknown realms of the unexplored natural world. Monsters have a cultural function: Monsters teach humans lessons, give warnings, and help to reinforce social codes and rules.  &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
'''What are myths?''' &lt;br&gt;
A myth is a symbolic narrative, often populated with gods, heroes, and supernatural creatures. Myths often explain the origins of the world, natural phenomena, or help to shape a culture's deep beliefs. [1] &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
Myths and folklore preserve the shared beliefs, Art 
works, and stories of a specific group of people. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
=== Monsters In Literature: ===
The earliest monsters can be found in the literature around 2100 to 2000 BCE, from ancient Mesopotamia, in the ''Epic of Gilgamesh'': &lt;br&gt;
* Humbaba - A terrifying giant and demon.
* The Bull of Heaven - A massive, divine beast.
* Scorpio-Men (Scorpion People) - Hybrid guardians with human torsos and the bodies of scorpions. [2]&lt;br&gt;

&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
==== References: ====
1. &quot;Myth.&quot; Britannica, September 25, 2026. https://www.britannica.com/topic/myth &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
2. &quot;Epic of Gilgamesh.&quot; Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, October 30, 2026. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epic_of_Gilgamesh &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Chapter navigation with TOC|Introduction |Chapter Two|TOC mini}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>lj43cgckgjrp2mqlv1vd9a6r5xxzyv3</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4680587</id>
      <parentid>4680579</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T23:10:38Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>3MMPEYTON</username>
        <id>3393808</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4680587</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="6576" sha1="qvpxsvcm8suzvzzb8b0b938ehfdim3y" xml:space="preserve">== Chapter One: The Early Functions of Monsters == 
In most pre-modern societies, monsters found in mythology were odd reflections of human-being who had a purpose: to teach people moral lessons.
Monsters once functioned like early police officers, enforcing community taboos, moral codes and family duties. Human cultures created supernatural entities to define and patrol the boundary of &quot;normal&quot; human behavior. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
The Furies, the Wendigo, Medusa, the Banshee, the Sirens and many other monsters found in mythology have cultural functions. They mark limits, their cautionary tales tell of the consequence of traveling beyond acceptable human boundaries. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
[[File:Erinias, Alonso Vázquez.jpg|thumb|Erinias, Alonso Vázquez]]

'''The Erinyes / Furies (Greek Mythology):''' &lt;br&gt;
The Furies were snake-haired underworld deities, who were born from primordial blood. They targeted people who broke oaths, murdered their kin, or committed filial impiety [a failure to show proper respect, care, and obedience towards one's parents and ancestors]. They functioned as a cosmic force against domestic violence. &lt;br&gt;
For example: If a person killed their mother or father, then the Furies would hunt them into madness.
&lt;br&gt; 
&lt;br&gt;
'''The Wendigo (Alogonquian Folklore):''' &lt;br&gt;
A large, emaciated monster, born when a human resorts to cannibalism or gives into unchecked selfish greed.  A human can be transformed into a Wendigo, with an emaciated ash-gray complexion, tattered bloody lips, and an odor of decay. &lt;br&gt;
The Wendigo legend functions as a societal warning against selfishness, selfish individualism, and the hoarding of material resources from other people who also need resources in order to survive. &lt;br&gt;
This myth reinforces sharing, a value developed in order to ensure the survival of the community. The Wendigo legends support morals that originated from tribal people who lived through the harsh North American winters. These legends emerged from communities that depended entirely on resource-sharing and cooperation.  &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
'''The Domovoy (Slavic Folklore):''' &lt;br&gt;
A household spirit, or ancestor that lives under the floorboards or behind the stove. The Domovoy acted as a private police officer for the domestic sphere. It would punish a household by haunting it. The Domovoy were known to break dishes, tangle horse manes, or make spooky noises if family members were lazy, neglected their chores, cursed or disrespected their family. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
'''Medusa and the Gorgons (Greek Mythology):''' &lt;br&gt;
Medusa is often seen as a cautionary tale against vanity. Medusa, a once beautiful woman, was transformed into a monster with venomous snakes for hair. Whomever she looked at would be instantly turned to stone. Her terrible transformation warned citizens of the ancient world about the devastating spiritual and physical risks associated with vanity, or with challenging the authority of the gods. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
'''The Oni (Japanese Folklore):''' &lt;br&gt; [[File:Sessen-Doji-Offers-His-Life-Ogre-Oni-1764-Soga-Shohaku.png|thumb|Sessen Doji Offering His Life to an Ogre (Japanese Oni), hanging scroll, color on paper, 1764]] 
Originally brutal demons, born from war and famine. The Oni evolved into a tool for domestic discipline and moral training. In both modern and historic Japanese households, parents used the threat of the Oni to discourage lying, disobedience, and tantrums from their children. These folklore creatures effectively established early boundaries, so that children could know what was right and wrong. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
In mythology and folklore, monsters didn't just scare people -- they also functioned as a cultural warning system. Some monsters functioned as omens of death, others as signs that one was trespassing, crossing psychological boundaries that signaled immediate danger. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
'''The Banshee (Irish Folklore)''': &lt;br&gt;
The Banshee is a female spirit, often taking the form of an old woman. She warns of a nearby death by letting out a terrifying shriek, or a mournful wail (called &quot;keening,&quot;) near the house of the doomed person. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;  
'''The Sirens (Greek Mythology):''' &lt;br&gt;
The sirens were part-woman and part-bird. They sat on rocky cliffs and sang hypnotic songs that would put sailors under a trance. In myth, the famous warrior and skilled sailor Odysseus, viewed the sirens' song as the ultimate clue that danger (in the form of hidden rocks) was ahead. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;Monsters do not exist only to provide foils for heroes, or to fill in the unknown realms of the unexplored natural world. Monsters have a cultural function: Monsters teach humans lessons, give warnings, and help to reinforce social codes and rules.  &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
'''What are myths?''' &lt;br&gt;
A myth is a symbolic narrative, often populated with gods, heroes, and supernatural creatures. Myths often explain the origins of the world, natural phenomena, or help to shape a culture's deep beliefs. [1] &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
Myths and folklore preserve the shared beliefs, Art 
works, and stories of a specific group of people. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
=== Monsters In Literature: ===
The earliest monsters can be found in the literature around 2100 to 2000 BCE, from ancient Mesopotamia, in the ''Epic of Gilgamesh'': &lt;br&gt;
* Humbaba - A terrifying giant and demon.
* The Bull of Heaven - A massive, divine beast.
* Scorpio-Men (Scorpion People) - Hybrid guardians with human torsos and the bodies of scorpions. [2]&lt;br&gt;
In the ''Epic of Gilgamesh'', Humbaba functions as a guard, protecting the sacred Cedar Forest. The Bull of Heaven functions as a servant of the goddess, while the scorpio-men guard the gates of the god Shamash. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
Homer's ''Odyssey'' (8th Century BCE) the epic Greek poem, introduces several monsters as antagonist: 
* Polyphemus - A Cyclops
* Scylla - Multi-headed sea monster
* Charybdis - whirlpool
* The Sirens - Part woman - part bird monsters. [3]
&lt;br&gt;
In ''Odyssey'', the victorious warrior, Odysseus encounters several obstacles on his long journey home. Cursed by the god Poseidon, Odysseus encounters several supernatural adversaries acting on Posiden's behalf. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
==== References: ====
1. &quot;Myth.&quot; Britannica, September 25, 2026. https://www.britannica.com/topic/myth &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
2. &quot;Epic of Gilgamesh.&quot; Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, October 30, 2026. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epic_of_Gilgamesh &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
3. &quot;Odyssey.&quot; Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, November 1, 2026. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odyssey &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Chapter navigation with TOC|Introduction |Chapter Two|TOC mini}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>qvpxsvcm8suzvzzb8b0b938ehfdim3y</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4680592</id>
      <parentid>4680587</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T23:56:33Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>3MMPEYTON</username>
        <id>3393808</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4680592</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="7794" sha1="ln6i5a7zlyyuq05hzpq59zcj4pyjwa5" xml:space="preserve">== Chapter One: The Early Functions of Monsters == 
In most pre-modern societies, monsters found in mythology were odd reflections of human-being who had a purpose: to teach people moral lessons.
Monsters once functioned like early police officers, enforcing community taboos, moral codes and family duties. Human cultures created supernatural entities to define and patrol the boundary of &quot;normal&quot; human behavior. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
The Furies, the Wendigo, Medusa, the Banshee, the Sirens and many other monsters found in mythology have cultural functions. They mark limits, their cautionary tales tell of the consequence of traveling beyond acceptable human boundaries. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
[[File:Erinias, Alonso Vázquez.jpg|thumb|Erinias, Alonso Vázquez]]

'''The Erinyes / Furies (Greek Mythology):''' &lt;br&gt;
The Furies were snake-haired underworld deities, who were born from primordial blood. They targeted people who broke oaths, murdered their kin, or committed filial impiety [a failure to show proper respect, care, and obedience towards one's parents and ancestors]. They functioned as a cosmic force against domestic violence. &lt;br&gt;
For example: If a person killed their mother or father, then the Furies would hunt them into madness.
&lt;br&gt; 
&lt;br&gt;
'''The Wendigo (Alogonquian Folklore):''' &lt;br&gt;
A large, emaciated monster, born when a human resorts to cannibalism or gives into unchecked selfish greed.  A human can be transformed into a Wendigo, with an emaciated ash-gray complexion, tattered bloody lips, and an odor of decay. &lt;br&gt;
The Wendigo legend functions as a societal warning against selfishness, selfish individualism, and the hoarding of material resources from other people who also need resources in order to survive. &lt;br&gt;
This myth reinforces sharing, a value developed in order to ensure the survival of the community. The Wendigo legends support morals that originated from tribal people who lived through the harsh North American winters. These legends emerged from communities that depended entirely on resource-sharing and cooperation.  &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
'''The Domovoy (Slavic Folklore):''' &lt;br&gt;
A household spirit, or ancestor that lives under the floorboards or behind the stove. The Domovoy acted as a private police officer for the domestic sphere. It would punish a household by haunting it. The Domovoy were known to break dishes, tangle horse manes, or make spooky noises if family members were lazy, neglected their chores, cursed or disrespected their family. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
'''Medusa and the Gorgons (Greek Mythology):''' &lt;br&gt;
Medusa is often seen as a cautionary tale against vanity. Medusa, a once beautiful woman, was transformed into a monster with venomous snakes for hair. Whomever she looked at would be instantly turned to stone. Her terrible transformation warned citizens of the ancient world about the devastating spiritual and physical risks associated with vanity, or with challenging the authority of the gods. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
'''The Oni (Japanese Folklore):''' &lt;br&gt; [[File:Sessen-Doji-Offers-His-Life-Ogre-Oni-1764-Soga-Shohaku.png|thumb|Sessen Doji Offering His Life to an Ogre (Japanese Oni), hanging scroll, color on paper, 1764]] 
Originally brutal demons, born from war and famine. The Oni evolved into a tool for domestic discipline and moral training. In both modern and historic Japanese households, parents used the threat of the Oni to discourage lying, disobedience, and tantrums from their children. These folklore creatures effectively established early boundaries, so that children could know what was right and wrong. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
In mythology and folklore, monsters didn't just scare people -- they also functioned as a cultural warning system. Some monsters functioned as omens of death, others as signs that one was trespassing, crossing psychological boundaries that signaled immediate danger. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
'''The Banshee (Irish Folklore)''': &lt;br&gt;
The Banshee is a female spirit, often taking the form of an old woman. She warns of a nearby death by letting out a terrifying shriek, or a mournful wail (called &quot;keening,&quot;) near the house of the doomed person. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;  
'''The Sirens (Greek Mythology):''' &lt;br&gt;
The sirens were part-woman and part-bird. They sat on rocky cliffs and sang hypnotic songs that would put sailors under a trance. In myth, the famous warrior and skilled sailor Odysseus, viewed the sirens' song as the ultimate clue that danger (in the form of hidden rocks) was ahead. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;Monsters do not exist only to provide foils for heroes, or to fill in the unknown realms of the unexplored natural world. Monsters have a cultural function: Monsters teach humans lessons, give warnings, and help to reinforce social codes and rules.  &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
'''What are myths?''' &lt;br&gt;
A myth is a symbolic narrative, often populated with gods, heroes, and supernatural creatures. Myths often explain the origins of the world, natural phenomena, or help to shape a culture's deep beliefs. [1] &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
Myths and folklore preserve the shared beliefs, Art 
works, and stories of a specific group of people. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
=== Monsters In Literature: ===
The earliest monsters can be found in the literature around 2100 to 2000 BCE, from ancient Mesopotamia, in the ''Epic of Gilgamesh'': &lt;br&gt;
* Humbaba - A terrifying giant and demon.
* The Bull of Heaven - A massive, divine beast.
* Scorpio-Men (Scorpion People) - Hybrid guardians with human torsos and the bodies of scorpions. [2]&lt;br&gt;
In the ''Epic of Gilgamesh'', Humbaba functions as a guard, protecting the sacred Cedar Forest. The Bull of Heaven functions as a servant of the goddess, while the scorpio-men guard the gates of the god Shamash. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
Homer's ''Odyssey'' (8th Century BCE) the epic Greek poem, introduces several monsters as antagonist: 
* Polyphemus - A Cyclops
* Scylla - Multi-headed sea monster
* Charybdis - Whirlpool
* The Sirens - Part woman - part bird monsters. [3]
&lt;br&gt;
In ''Odyssey'', the victorious warrior, Odysseus encounters several obstacles on his long journey home. Cursed by the god Poseidon, Odysseus encounters several supernatural adversaries acting on Posiden's behalf. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
Hesiod's ''Theogony'' (8th Century BCE), a poem describing the origins and genealogies of the Greek gods. [4] It is the first Greek mythical cosmogony, dealing with the origin and development of the universe. It includes the monstrous offsprings such as Typhon, a serpentine giant, considered the father of many Greek monsters: &lt;br&gt;
* Orthus - A two-headed dog
* Cerberus - A multi-headed dog
* The Hydra - A serpentine lake monster
* The Chimera - Monstrous fire-breathing hybrid
* Orthus - A two-headed dog with a serpent-tailed body. 
* The Sphinx - A hybrid with the head of a human, body of a lion, wings of an eagle.
* The Nemean Lion - Mythical lion. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
''Beowulf'' is an Old English poem written by an anonymous poet. It features Grendel, a monster who terrorizes the mead-hall of Heorot. Grendel and his monster mother function primarily as antagonist, challenging Beowlf who seeks to restore community order. A third monster, a dragon, hoards treasure. [5] &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
==== References: ====
1. &quot;Myth.&quot; Britannica, September 25, 2026. https://www.britannica.com/topic/myth &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
2. &quot;Epic of Gilgamesh.&quot; Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, October 30, 2026. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epic_of_Gilgamesh &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
3. &quot;Odyssey.&quot; Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, November 1, 2026. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odyssey &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
4. &quot;Theogony.&quot; Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, October 21, 2026. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theogony &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
5. &quot;Beowulf.&quot; Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, November 1, 2026.  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beowulf &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Chapter navigation with TOC|Introduction |Chapter Two|TOC mini}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>ln6i5a7zlyyuq05hzpq59zcj4pyjwa5</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4680593</id>
      <parentid>4680592</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T23:59:11Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>3MMPEYTON</username>
        <id>3393808</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4680593</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="7790" sha1="hofqptzxe68c1xtybosbtbbaoodly78" xml:space="preserve">== Chapter One: The Early Functions of Monsters == 
In most pre-modern societies, monsters found in mythology were odd reflections of human-being who had a purpose: to teach people moral lessons.
Monsters once functioned like early police officers, enforcing community taboos, moral codes and family duties. Human cultures created supernatural entities to define and patrol the boundary of &quot;normal&quot; human behavior. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
The Furies, the Wendigo, Medusa, the Banshee, the Sirens and many other monsters found in mythology have cultural functions. They mark limits, their cautionary tales tell of the consequence of traveling beyond acceptable human boundaries. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
[[File:Erinias, Alonso Vázquez.jpg|thumb|Erinias, Alonso Vázquez]]

'''The Erinyes / Furies (Greek Mythology):''' &lt;br&gt;
The Furies were snake-haired underworld deities, who were born from primordial blood. They targeted people who broke oaths, murdered their kin, or committed filial impiety [a failure to show proper respect, care, and obedience towards one's parents and ancestors]. They functioned as a cosmic force against domestic violence. &lt;br&gt;
For example: If a person killed their mother or father, then the Furies would hunt them into madness.
&lt;br&gt; 
&lt;br&gt;
'''The Wendigo (Alogonquian Folklore):''' &lt;br&gt;
A large, emaciated monster, born when a human resorts to cannibalism or gives into unchecked selfish greed.  A human can be transformed into a Wendigo, with an emaciated ash-gray complexion, tattered bloody lips, and an odor of decay. &lt;br&gt;
The Wendigo legend functions as a societal warning against selfishness, selfish individualism, and the hoarding of material resources from other people who also need resources in order to survive. &lt;br&gt;
This myth reinforces sharing, a value developed in order to ensure the survival of the community. The Wendigo legends support morals that originated from tribal people who lived through the harsh North American winters. These legends emerged from communities that depended entirely on resource-sharing and cooperation.  &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
'''The Domovoy (Slavic Folklore):''' &lt;br&gt;
A household spirit, or ancestor that lives under the floorboards or behind the stove. The Domovoy acted as a private police officer for the domestic sphere. It would punish a household by haunting it. The Domovoy were known to break dishes, tangle horse manes, or make spooky noises if family members were lazy, neglected their chores, cursed or disrespected their family. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
'''Medusa and the Gorgons (Greek Mythology):''' &lt;br&gt;
Medusa is often seen as a cautionary tale against vanity. Medusa, a once beautiful woman, was transformed into a monster with venomous snakes for hair. Whomever she looked at would be instantly turned to stone. Her terrible transformation warned citizens of the ancient world about the devastating spiritual and physical risks associated with vanity, or with challenging the authority of the gods. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
'''The Oni (Japanese Folklore):''' &lt;br&gt; [[File:Sessen-Doji-Offers-His-Life-Ogre-Oni-1764-Soga-Shohaku.png|thumb|Sessen Doji Offering His Life to an Ogre (Japanese Oni), hanging scroll, color on paper, 1764]] 
Originally brutal demons, born from war and famine. The Oni evolved into a tool for domestic discipline and moral training. In both modern and historic Japanese households, parents used the threat of the Oni to discourage lying, disobedience, and tantrums from their children. These folklore creatures effectively established early boundaries, so that children could know what was right and wrong. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
In mythology and folklore, monsters didn't just scare people -- they also functioned as a cultural warning system. Some monsters functioned as omens of death, others as signs that one was trespassing, crossing psychological boundaries that signaled immediate danger. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
'''The Banshee (Irish Folklore)''': &lt;br&gt;
The Banshee is a female spirit, often taking the form of an old woman. She warns of a nearby death by letting out a terrifying shriek, or a mournful wail (called &quot;keening,&quot;) near the house of the doomed person. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;  
'''The Sirens (Greek Mythology):''' &lt;br&gt;
The sirens were part-woman and part-bird. They sat on rocky cliffs and sang hypnotic songs that would put sailors under a trance. In myth, the famous warrior and skilled sailor Odysseus, viewed the sirens' song as the ultimate clue that danger (in the form of hidden rocks) was ahead. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;Monsters do not exist only to provide foils for heroes, or to fill in the unknown realms of the unexplored natural world. Monsters have a cultural function: Monsters teach humans lessons, give warnings, and help to reinforce social codes and rules.  &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
'''What are myths?''' &lt;br&gt;
A myth is a symbolic narrative, often populated with gods, heroes, and supernatural creatures. Myths often explain the origins of the world, natural phenomena, or help to shape a culture's deep beliefs. [1] &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
Myths and folklore preserve the shared beliefs, Art 
works, and stories of a specific group of people. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
=== Monsters In Literature: ===
The earliest monsters can be found in the literature around 2100 to 2000 BCE, from ancient Mesopotamia, in the ''Epic of Gilgamesh'': &lt;br&gt;
* Humbaba - A terrifying giant and demon.
* The Bull of Heaven - A massive, divine beast.
* Scorpio-Men (Scorpion People) - Hybrid guardians with human torsos and the bodies of scorpions. [2]&lt;br&gt;
In the ''Epic of Gilgamesh'', Humbaba functions as a guard, protecting the sacred Cedar Forest. The Bull of Heaven functions as a servant of the goddess, while the scorpio-men guard the gates of the god Shamash. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
Homer's ''Odyssey'' (8th Century BCE) the epic Greek poem, introduces several monsters as antagonist: 
* Polyphemus - A Cyclops
* Scylla - Multi-headed sea monster
* Charybdis - Whirlpool
* The Sirens - Part woman - part bird monsters. [3]
&lt;br&gt;
In ''Odyssey'', the victorious warrior, Odysseus encounters several obstacles on his long journey home. Cursed by the god Poseidon, Odysseus encounters several supernatural adversaries acting on Posiden's behalf. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
Hesiod's ''Theogony'' (8th Century BCE), a poem describing the origins and genealogies of the Greek gods. [4] It is the first Greek mythical cosmogony, dealing with the origin and development of the universe. It includes monstrous offsprings such as Typhon, a serpentine giant, considered the father of many Greek monsters: &lt;br&gt;
* Orthus - A two-headed dog
* Cerberus - A multi-headed dog
* The Hydra - A serpentine lake monster
* The Chimera - Monstrous fire-breathing hybrid
* Orthus - A two-headed dog with a serpent-tailed body. 
* The Sphinx - A hybrid with the head of a human, body of a lion, wings of an eagle.
* The Nemean Lion - Mythical lion. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
''Beowulf'' is an Old English poem written by an anonymous poet. It features Grendel, a monster who terrorizes the mead-hall of Heorot. Grendel and his monster mother function primarily as antagonist, challenging Beowlf who seeks to restore community order. A third monster, a dragon, hoards treasure. [5] &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
==== References: ====
1. &quot;Myth.&quot; Britannica, September 25, 2026. https://www.britannica.com/topic/myth &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
2. &quot;Epic of Gilgamesh.&quot; Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, October 30, 2026. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epic_of_Gilgamesh &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
3. &quot;Odyssey.&quot; Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, November 1, 2026. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odyssey &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
4. &quot;Theogony.&quot; Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, October 21, 2026. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theogony &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
5. &quot;Beowulf.&quot; Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, November 1, 2026.  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beowulf &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Chapter navigation with TOC|Introduction |Chapter Two|TOC mini}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>hofqptzxe68c1xtybosbtbbaoodly78</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4680594</id>
      <parentid>4680593</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-07T00:06:09Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>3MMPEYTON</username>
        <id>3393808</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4680594</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="7964" sha1="t1qjynv1uc2g8rjuiv1t1spog6l8fxw" xml:space="preserve">== Chapter One: The Early Functions of Monsters == 
In most pre-modern societies, monsters found in mythology were odd reflections of human-being who had a purpose: to teach people moral lessons.
Monsters once functioned like early police officers, enforcing community taboos, moral codes and family duties. Human cultures created supernatural entities to define and patrol the boundary of &quot;normal&quot; human behavior. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
The Furies, the Wendigo, Medusa, the Banshee, the Sirens and many other monsters found in mythology have cultural functions. They mark limits, their cautionary tales tell of the consequence of traveling beyond acceptable human boundaries. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
[[File:Erinias, Alonso Vázquez.jpg|thumb|Erinias, Alonso Vázquez]]

'''The Erinyes / Furies (Greek Mythology):''' &lt;br&gt;
The Furies were snake-haired underworld deities, who were born from primordial blood. They targeted people who broke oaths, murdered their kin, or committed filial impiety [a failure to show proper respect, care, and obedience towards one's parents and ancestors]. They functioned as a cosmic force against domestic violence. &lt;br&gt;
For example: If a person killed their mother or father, then the Furies would hunt them into madness.
&lt;br&gt; 
&lt;br&gt;
'''The Wendigo (Alogonquian Folklore):''' &lt;br&gt;
A large, emaciated monster, born when a human resorts to cannibalism or gives into unchecked selfish greed.  A human can be transformed into a Wendigo, with an emaciated ash-gray complexion, tattered bloody lips, and an odor of decay. &lt;br&gt;
The Wendigo legend functions as a societal warning against selfishness, selfish individualism, and the hoarding of material resources from other people who also need resources in order to survive. &lt;br&gt;
This myth reinforces sharing, a value developed in order to ensure the survival of the community. The Wendigo legends support morals that originated from tribal people who lived through the harsh North American winters. These legends emerged from communities that depended entirely on resource-sharing and cooperation.  &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
'''The Domovoy (Slavic Folklore):''' &lt;br&gt;
A household spirit, or ancestor that lives under the floorboards or behind the stove. The Domovoy acted as a private police officer for the domestic sphere. It would punish a household by haunting it. The Domovoy were known to break dishes, tangle horse manes, or make spooky noises if family members were lazy, neglected their chores, cursed or disrespected their family. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
'''Medusa and the Gorgons (Greek Mythology):''' &lt;br&gt;
Medusa is often seen as a cautionary tale against vanity. Medusa, a once beautiful woman, was transformed into a monster with venomous snakes for hair. Whomever she looked at would be instantly turned to stone. Her terrible transformation warned citizens of the ancient world about the devastating spiritual and physical risks associated with vanity, or with challenging the authority of the gods. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
'''The Oni (Japanese Folklore):''' &lt;br&gt; [[File:Sessen-Doji-Offers-His-Life-Ogre-Oni-1764-Soga-Shohaku.png|thumb|Sessen Doji Offering His Life to an Ogre (Japanese Oni), hanging scroll, color on paper, 1764]] 
Originally brutal demons, born from war and famine. The Oni evolved into a tool for domestic discipline and moral training. In both modern and historic Japanese households, parents used the threat of the Oni to discourage lying, disobedience, and tantrums from their children. These folklore creatures effectively established early boundaries, so that children could know what was right and wrong. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
In mythology and folklore, monsters didn't just scare people -- they also functioned as a cultural warning system. Some monsters functioned as omens of death, others as signs that one was trespassing, crossing psychological boundaries that signaled immediate danger. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
'''The Banshee (Irish Folklore)''': &lt;br&gt;
The Banshee is a female spirit, often taking the form of an old woman. She warns of a nearby death by letting out a terrifying shriek, or a mournful wail (called &quot;keening,&quot;) near the house of the doomed person. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;  
'''The Sirens (Greek Mythology):''' &lt;br&gt;
The sirens were part-woman and part-bird. They sat on rocky cliffs and sang hypnotic songs that would put sailors under a trance. In myth, the famous warrior and skilled sailor Odysseus, viewed the sirens' song as the ultimate clue that danger (in the form of hidden rocks) was ahead. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;Monsters do not exist only to provide foils for heroes, or to fill in the unknown realms of the unexplored natural world. Monsters have a cultural function: Monsters teach humans lessons, give warnings, and help to reinforce social codes and rules.  &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
'''What are myths?''' &lt;br&gt;
A myth is a symbolic narrative, often populated with gods, heroes, and supernatural creatures. Myths often explain the origins of the world, natural phenomena, or help to shape a culture's deep beliefs. [1] &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
Myths and folklore preserve the shared beliefs, Art 
works, and stories of a specific group of people. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
=== Monsters In Literature: ===
The earliest monsters can be found in the literature around 2100 to 2000 BCE, from ancient Mesopotamia, in the ''Epic of Gilgamesh'': &lt;br&gt;
* Humbaba - A terrifying giant and demon.
* The Bull of Heaven - A massive, divine beast.
* Scorpio-Men (Scorpion People) - Hybrid guardians with human torsos and the bodies of scorpions. [2]&lt;br&gt;
In the ''Epic of Gilgamesh'', Humbaba functions as a guard, protecting the sacred Cedar Forest. The Bull of Heaven functions as a servant of the goddess, while the scorpio-men guard the gates of the god Shamash. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
Homer's ''Odyssey'' (8th Century BCE) the epic Greek poem, introduces several monsters as antagonist: 
* Polyphemus - A Cyclops
* Scylla - Multi-headed sea monster
* Charybdis - Whirlpool
* The Sirens - Part woman - part bird monsters. [3]
&lt;br&gt;
In ''Odyssey'', the victorious warrior, Odysseus encounters several obstacles on his long journey home. Cursed by the god Poseidon, Odysseus encounters several supernatural adversaries acting on Posiden's behalf. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
Hesiod's ''Theogony'' (8th Century BCE), a poem describing the origins and genealogies of the Greek gods. [4] It is the first Greek mythical cosmogony, dealing with the origin and development of the universe. It includes monstrous offsprings such as Typhon, a serpentine giant, considered the father of many Greek monsters: &lt;br&gt;
* Orthus - A two-headed dog
* Cerberus - A multi-headed dog
* The Hydra - A serpentine lake monster
* The Chimera - Monstrous fire-breathing hybrid
* Orthus - A two-headed dog with a serpent-tailed body. 
* The Sphinx - A hybrid with the head of a human, body of a lion, wings of an eagle.
* The Nemean Lion - Mythical lion. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
''Beowulf'' is an Old English poem written by an anonymous poet. It features Grendel, a monster who terrorizes the mead-hall of Heorot. Grendel and his monster mother function primarily as antagonist, challenging Beowlf who seeks to restore community order. A third monster, a dragon, hoards treasure. [5] &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
Monsters in early Literature primarily functioned as servants of the gods, acting on their behalf, or as the antagonist to the Hero who undergoes a Hero's journey. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
==== References: ====
1. &quot;Myth.&quot; Britannica, September 25, 2026. https://www.britannica.com/topic/myth &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
2. &quot;Epic of Gilgamesh.&quot; Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, October 30, 2026. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epic_of_Gilgamesh &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
3. &quot;Odyssey.&quot; Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, November 1, 2026. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odyssey &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
4. &quot;Theogony.&quot; Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, October 21, 2026. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theogony &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
5. &quot;Beowulf.&quot; Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, November 1, 2026.  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beowulf &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Chapter navigation with TOC|Introduction |Chapter Two|TOC mini}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>t1qjynv1uc2g8rjuiv1t1spog6l8fxw</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4680596</id>
      <parentid>4680594</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-07T00:07:50Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>3MMPEYTON</username>
        <id>3393808</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4680596</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="7969" sha1="nbdpa9zaj9uu45on0kretlepcjszuy3" xml:space="preserve">== Chapter One: The Early Functions of Monsters == 
In most pre-modern societies, monsters found in mythology were odd reflections of human-being who had a purpose: to teach people moral lessons.
Monsters once functioned like early police officers, enforcing community taboos, moral codes and family duties. Human cultures created supernatural entities to define and patrol the boundary of &quot;normal&quot; human behavior. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
The Furies, the Wendigo, Medusa, the Banshee, the Sirens and many other monsters found in mythology have cultural functions. They mark limits, their cautionary tales tell of the consequence of traveling beyond acceptable human boundaries. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
[[File:Erinias, Alonso Vázquez.jpg|thumb|Erinias, Alonso Vázquez]]

'''The Erinyes / Furies (Greek Mythology):''' &lt;br&gt;
The Furies were snake-haired underworld deities, who were born from primordial blood. They targeted people who broke oaths, murdered their kin, or committed filial impiety [a failure to show proper respect, care, and obedience towards one's parents and ancestors]. They functioned as a cosmic force against domestic violence. &lt;br&gt;
For example: If a person killed their mother or father, then the Furies would hunt them into madness.
&lt;br&gt; 
&lt;br&gt;
'''The Wendigo (Alogonquian Folklore):''' &lt;br&gt;
A large, emaciated monster, born when a human resorts to cannibalism or gives into unchecked selfish greed.  A human can be transformed into a Wendigo, with an emaciated ash-gray complexion, tattered bloody lips, and an odor of decay. &lt;br&gt;
The Wendigo legend functions as a societal warning against selfishness, selfish individualism, and the hoarding of material resources from other people who also need resources in order to survive. &lt;br&gt;
This myth reinforces sharing, a value developed in order to ensure the survival of the community. The Wendigo legends support morals that originated from tribal people who lived through the harsh North American winters. These legends emerged from communities that depended entirely on resource-sharing and cooperation.  &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
'''The Domovoy (Slavic Folklore):''' &lt;br&gt;
A household spirit, or ancestor that lives under the floorboards or behind the stove. The Domovoy acted as a private police officer for the domestic sphere. It would punish a household by haunting it. The Domovoy were known to break dishes, tangle horse manes, or make spooky noises if family members were lazy, neglected their chores, cursed or disrespected their family. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
'''Medusa and the Gorgons (Greek Mythology):''' &lt;br&gt;
Medusa is often seen as a cautionary tale against vanity. Medusa, a once beautiful woman, was transformed into a monster with venomous snakes for hair. Whomever she looked at would be instantly turned to stone. Her terrible transformation warned citizens of the ancient world about the devastating spiritual and physical risks associated with vanity, or with challenging the authority of the gods. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
'''The Oni (Japanese Folklore):''' &lt;br&gt; [[File:Sessen-Doji-Offers-His-Life-Ogre-Oni-1764-Soga-Shohaku.png|thumb|Sessen Doji Offering His Life to an Ogre (Japanese Oni), hanging scroll, color on paper, 1764]] 
Originally brutal demons, born from war and famine. The Oni evolved into a tool for domestic discipline and moral training. In both modern and historic Japanese households, parents used the threat of the Oni to discourage lying, disobedience, and tantrums from their children. These folklore creatures effectively established early boundaries, so that children could know what was right and wrong. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
In mythology and folklore, monsters didn't just scare people -- they also functioned as a cultural warning system. Some monsters functioned as omens of death, others as signs that one was trespassing, crossing psychological boundaries that signaled immediate danger. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
'''The Banshee (Irish Folklore)''': &lt;br&gt;
The Banshee is a female spirit, often taking the form of an old woman. She warns of a nearby death by letting out a terrifying shriek, or a mournful wail (called &quot;keening,&quot;) near the house of the doomed person. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;  
'''The Sirens (Greek Mythology):''' &lt;br&gt;
The sirens were part-woman and part-bird. They sat on rocky cliffs and sang hypnotic songs that would put sailors under a trance. In myth, the famous warrior and skilled sailor Odysseus, viewed the sirens' song as the ultimate clue that danger (in the form of hidden rocks) was ahead. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;Monsters do not exist only to provide foils for heroes, or to fill in the unknown realms of the unexplored natural world. Monsters have a cultural function: Monsters teach humans lessons, give warnings, and help to reinforce social codes and rules.  &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
'''What are myths?''' &lt;br&gt;
A myth is a symbolic narrative, often populated with gods, heroes, and supernatural creatures. Myths often explain the origins of the world, natural phenomena, or help to shape a culture's deep beliefs. [1] &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
Myths and folklore preserve the shared beliefs, Art 
works, and stories of a specific group of people. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
=== Monsters In Literature: ===
The earliest monsters can be found in the literature around 2100 to 2000 BCE, from ancient Mesopotamia, in the ''Epic of Gilgamesh'': &lt;br&gt;
* Humbaba - A terrifying giant and demon.
* The Bull of Heaven - A massive, divine beast.
* Scorpio-Men (Scorpion People) - Hybrid guardians with human torsos and the bodies of scorpions. [2]&lt;br&gt;
In the ''Epic of Gilgamesh'', Humbaba functions as a guard, protecting the sacred Cedar Forest. The Bull of Heaven functions as a servant of the goddess, while the scorpio-men guard the gates of the god Shamash. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
Homer's ''Odyssey'' (8th Century BCE) the epic Greek poem, introduces several monsters as antagonist: 
* Polyphemus - A Cyclops
* Scylla - Multi-headed sea monster
* Charybdis - Whirlpool
* The Sirens - Part woman - part bird monsters. [3]
&lt;br&gt;
In ''Odyssey'', the victorious warrior, Odysseus encounters several obstacles on his long journey home. Cursed by the god Poseidon, Odysseus encounters several supernatural adversaries acting on Posiden's behalf. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
Hesiod's ''Theogony'' (8th Century BCE), a poem describing the origins and genealogies of the Greek gods. [4] It is the first Greek mythical cosmogony, dealing with the origin and development of the universe. It includes monstrous offsprings such as Typhon, a serpentine giant, considered the father of many Greek monsters: &lt;br&gt;
* Orthus - A two-headed dog
* Cerberus - A multi-headed dog
* The Hydra - A serpentine lake monster
* The Chimera - Monstrous fire-breathing hybrid
* Orthus - A two-headed dog with a serpent-tailed body. 
* The Sphinx - A hybrid with the head of a human, body of a lion, wings of an eagle.
* The Nemean Lion - Mythical lion. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
''Beowulf'' is an Old English poem written by an anonymous poet. It features Grendel, a monster who terrorizes the mead-hall of Heorot. Grendel and his monster mother function primarily as antagonist, challenging Beowlf who seeks to restore community order. A third monster, a dragon, hoards treasure. [5] &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
Monsters in the oldest Literature primarily functioned as servants of the gods, acting on their behalf, or as the antagonist to the Hero who undergoes a Hero's journey. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
==== References: ====
1. &quot;Myth.&quot; Britannica, September 25, 2026. https://www.britannica.com/topic/myth &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
2. &quot;Epic of Gilgamesh.&quot; Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, October 30, 2026. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epic_of_Gilgamesh &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
3. &quot;Odyssey.&quot; Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, November 1, 2026. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odyssey &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
4. &quot;Theogony.&quot; Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, October 21, 2026. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theogony &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
5. &quot;Beowulf.&quot; Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, November 1, 2026.  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beowulf &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Chapter navigation with TOC|Introduction |Chapter Two|TOC mini}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>nbdpa9zaj9uu45on0kretlepcjszuy3</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>User:NinjaRobotPirate/sandbox</title>
    <ns>2</ns>
    <id>486301</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4680545</id>
      <parentid>4680331</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T18:41:54Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>NinjaRobotPirate</username>
        <id>948797</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>and some more</comment>
      <origin>4680545</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="6348" sha1="7u3ht1dx8aod6gelydnd9eqqn3gltxf" xml:space="preserve">Within the Myers-Briggs personality framework, ENTPs fit the [[Myers-Briggs Type Indicator/Conceptualizer|Rational]] category of personality types.

ENTPs are:
* Extroverted – a focus on the external world rather than simply social extroversion
* iNtuitive – pattern-matching, lateral thinking, and a focus on possibilities
* Thinking – a preference for logic over emotion when making decisions
* Perceiving – adaptability, improvisation, and a desire to leave things open-ended

Type dynamics within MBTI use different cognitive functions, categorized as &quot;introverted&quot; or &quot;extroverted&quot;, depending on whether they are directed inward or outward.  Functions have a preference hierarchy, where they are used most often (the dominant function) to least often (inferior function).

An ENTP's cognitive functions consist of:
* Extroverted intuition (Ne) – this is their dominant function.  It asks &quot;what if&quot;, sees patterns, explores possibilities, and desires novelty.
* Introverted thinking (Ti) – their auxiliary function.  It analyzes data logically, seeks internal consistency, and values precision.
* Extroverted feeling (Fe) – as their tertiary function, it makes them charming and empathetic, though it can also manifest as social engineering.
* Introverted sensing (Si) – their inferior function, which may make it difficult for them to deal with routine, details, and follow-through.

ENTPs are good at brainstorming ideas and coming up with unconventional solutions.  They can see situations from many different perspectives and may dislike being forced to make definitive conclusions.  They instead prefer to keep their options open and live inside ambiguity.  They make decisions based on logic and may reject ideas or traditions that do not strike them as logical.  Precision is important to an ENTP, and they might not be satisfied with a solution that ignores edge cases or uses a sloppy process.  They dislike appeals to external authorities and rely on their own sense of logic.  For example, an ENTP may throw away the manual and wing it, relying on their own intuition and logic skills to carry them through a situation.  This makes them excellent at improvisation but can lead to problems if they do not prepare and fail to understand the situation.

ENTPs love irony and absurdism, and they may use these concepts often to make points or ridicule those they find illogical.  Their intuition allows them to quickly make connections between disparate concepts, so they are likely to jump rapidly between topics.  This can leave others confused when the topic jumps from apples (fruit) to Apple Inc (a tech company) to ''Appleseed'' (anime/manga).  ENTPs often have an impish and prankish sense of humor, which can make them fit the [[:en:w:trickster|trickster]] archetype, especially when they encounter something that offends them, such as pomposity or hypocrisy.  This urge to point out foibles and test hypotheses in real-time can give them the reputation of taking &quot;devil's advocate&quot; positions.

Less mature individuals may prioritize truth and logic over empathy, making them blunt or argumentative.  Popular stereotypes of ENTPs sometimes characterize them as &quot;the debater&quot; given their desire to test various ideas logically.  As they mature, ENTPs typically become more charming, skilled at [[:en:w:cognitive empathy|cognitive empathy]], and able to able to pick up the vibe of a group of people.  Unhealthy individuals may instead become manipulative, using their intuition to quickly figure out what people want to hear.  ENTPs often struggle with the mundane details of life, which can manifest as procrastination or starting many projects without ever completing any of them.  Being stuck doing rote, repetitive tasks without novelty in a rigid bureaucracy is nightmarish to ENTPs.

According to MBTI, stress can cause the dominant function to turn one's personality into a caricature.  For an ENTP, this may cause them to act disorganized or incapable of making decisions (&quot;[[:en:w:analysis paralysis|analysis paralysis]]&quot;).  Stress can also cause the inferior function to take control.  For an ENTP, this might manifest as an obsession with past experiences or irrelevant facts.  ENTPs who do not work on their inferior function (introverted sensing) may fall into the &quot;absent-minded professor&quot; stereotype, where they must be reminded to eat and sleep.  A more extreme version of the ENTP may fall into the &quot;mad scientist&quot; archetype, obsessed with proving others wrong at any cost when their ideas have been dismissed as impractical or impossible.

== Interpersonal relationships ==
ENTPs have few sacred cows, and almost anything is up for debate.  This can make them very open-minded and willing to change their opinions based on a logical argument, but it can cause friction in people who dislike having their deeply-held opinions challenged.  ENTPs may thus clash with the [[Myers-Briggs Type Indicator/Traditionalist|Guardian personality type]].  While ENTPs can be skillful at reading other people, their bluntness and poor skill at [[:en:w:affective empathy|affective empathy]] can also cause problems with the [[Myers-Briggs Type Indicator/Idealist|Idealist personality type]].  ENTPs value nuance, open-mindedness, and competence.  People that they perceive as incompetent or close-minded may be treated with disdain.

In the workplace, ENTPs continue this trend, exploring future possibilities and seeing logical flaws in business plans.  They may clash with coworkers who are focused on grounded, concrete results, though ENTPs will need help from these people to see their visionary plans reach fruition.  ENTPs tend to be anti-authoritarian and may resent being forced to follow rules that don't make sense to them.  Deadlines are more of a suggestion to them, and they work best in an environment where they can follow their intuition without rigid structure getting in the way.

When angered, ENTPs may respond with a controlled, cold reaction.  This can result in arrogant dismissal of not only a person's ideas but also the person themself.  People subject to this may feel as if they have been contemptuously judged and found wanting.  However, extroverted intuition and introverted thinking make ENTPs open to new data, and they rarely hold long-term grudges or close doors permanently.</text>
      <sha1>7u3ht1dx8aod6gelydnd9eqqn3gltxf</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4680590</id>
      <parentid>4680545</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T23:50:02Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>NinjaRobotPirate</username>
        <id>948797</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>mostly just copy edits</comment>
      <origin>4680590</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="6361" sha1="b2mq902fe3mhagdqq3522ce7e1rnso4" xml:space="preserve">Within the Myers-Briggs personality framework, ENTPs fit the [[Myers-Briggs Type Indicator/Conceptualizer|Rational]] category of personality types.

ENTPs are:
* Extroverted – a focus on the external world rather than simply social extroversion
* iNtuitive – pattern-matching, lateral thinking, and a focus on possibilities
* Thinking – a preference for logic over emotion when making decisions
* Perceiving – adaptability, improvisation, and a desire to leave things open-ended

Type dynamics within MBTI use different cognitive functions, categorized as &quot;introverted&quot; or &quot;extroverted&quot;, depending on whether they are directed inward or outward.  Functions have a preference hierarchy, where they are used most often (the dominant function) to least often (inferior function).

An ENTP's cognitive functions consist of:
* Extroverted intuition (Ne) – this is their dominant function.  It asks &quot;what if&quot;, sees patterns, explores possibilities, and desires novelty.
* Introverted thinking (Ti) – their auxiliary function.  It analyzes data logically, seeks internal consistency, and values precision.
* Extroverted feeling (Fe) – as their tertiary function, it makes them charming and empathetic, though it can also manifest as social engineering.
* Introverted sensing (Si) – their inferior function, which may make it difficult for them to deal with routine, details, and follow-through.

ENTPs are good at creativity, brainstorming ideas, and coming up with unconventional solutions.  They can see situations from many different perspectives and may dislike being forced to make definitive conclusions.  They instead prefer to keep their options open and live inside ambiguity.  They make decisions based on logic and may reject ideas or traditions that do not strike them as logical.  Precision is important to an ENTP, and they might not be satisfied with a solution that ignores edge cases or uses a sloppy process.  They dislike appeals to external authorities and rely on their own sense of logic.  For example, an ENTP may throw away the manual and wing it, relying on their own intuition and logic skills to carry them through a situation.  This makes them excellent at improvisation but can lead to problems if they do not prepare and fail to understand the situation.

ENTPs love irony and absurdism, and they may use these concepts often to make points or ridicule those they find illogical.  Their intuition allows them to quickly make connections between disparate concepts, so they are likely to jump rapidly between topics.  This can leave others confused when the topic jumps from apples (fruit) to Apple Inc (a tech company) to ''Appleseed'' (anime/manga).  ENTPs often have an impish and prankish sense of humor, which can make them fit the [[:en:w:trickster|trickster]] archetype, especially when they encounter something that offends them, such as pomposity or hypocrisy.  This urge to point out foibles and test hypotheses in real-time can give them the reputation of taking &quot;devil's advocate&quot; positions.

Less mature individuals may prioritize truth and logic over empathy, making them blunt or argumentative.  Popular stereotypes of ENTPs sometimes characterize them as &quot;the debater&quot; given their desire to test various ideas logically.  As they mature, ENTPs typically become more charming, skilled at [[:en:w:cognitive empathy|cognitive empathy]], and able to able to pick up the vibe of a group of people.  Unhealthy individuals may instead become manipulative, using their intuition to quickly figure out what people want to hear.  ENTPs often struggle with the mundane details of life, which can manifest as procrastination or starting many projects without ever completing any of them.  Being stuck doing rote, repetitive tasks without novelty in a rigid bureaucracy is nightmarish to ENTPs.

According to MBTI, stress can cause the dominant function to turn one's personality into a caricature.  For an ENTP, this may cause them to act disorganized or incapable of making decisions (&quot;[[:en:w:analysis paralysis|analysis paralysis]]&quot;).  Stress can also cause the inferior function to take control.  For an ENTP, this might manifest as an obsession with past experiences or irrelevant facts.  ENTPs who do not work on their inferior function (introverted sensing) may fall into the &quot;absent-minded professor&quot; stereotype, where they must be reminded to eat and sleep.  A more extreme version of the ENTP may fall into the &quot;mad scientist&quot; archetype, obsessed with proving others wrong at any cost when their ideas have been dismissed as impractical or impossible.

== Interpersonal relationships ==
ENTPs have few sacred cows, and almost anything is up for debate.  This can make them very open-minded and willing to change their opinions based on a logical argument, but it can cause friction in people who dislike having their deeply-held opinions challenged.  ENTPs may thus clash with the [[Myers-Briggs Type Indicator/Traditionalist|Guardian personality type]].  While ENTPs can be skillful at reading other people, their bluntness and poor skill at [[:en:w:affective empathy|affective empathy]] can also cause problems with the [[Myers-Briggs Type Indicator/Idealist|Idealist personality type]].  ENTPs value nuance, open-mindedness, and competence.  People that they perceive as incompetent or close-minded may be treated with disdain.

When angered, ENTPs may respond with a controlled, cold reaction.  This can result in arrogant dismissal of not only a person's ideas but also the person themself.  People subject to this may feel as if they have been contemptuously judged and found wanting.  However, extroverted intuition and introverted thinking make ENTPs open to new data, and they rarely hold long-term grudges or close doors permanently.

In the workplace, ENTPs continue this trend, exploring future possibilities and seeing logical flaws in business plans.  They may clash with coworkers who are focused on grounded, concrete results, though ENTPs will need help from these people to see their visionary plans reach fruition.  ENTPs tend to be anti-authoritarian and may resent being forced to follow rules that don't make sense to them.  Deadlines are more of a suggestion to them, and they work best in an environment where they can follow their intuition without rigid structure getting in the way.</text>
      <sha1>b2mq902fe3mhagdqq3522ce7e1rnso4</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>About Monsters And Angels/Questions And Answers</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>486351</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4680381</id>
      <parentid>4676541</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T12:54:41Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>3MMPEYTON</username>
        <id>3393808</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4680381</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3190" sha1="l5b47qws10jy1izfccfml22wjbi3rdi" xml:space="preserve">== Questions and Answers ==
'''Q: Where did the word &quot;monster&quot; come from?''' &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
A: Monster derives from the Latin ''monstrum''. Monstrum is derived from the verb ''moneo'', which means &quot;to remind, warn, instruct, or foretell.&quot; [2] &lt;br&gt;
The early, 14th century meaning of the word &quot;monster&quot; originally referred to a malformed human, animal, or to a birth defect that was interpreted as a supernatural sign, or as a warning from the divine. [3] &lt;br&gt;
Towards the end of the 14th century, the word expanded to include mythical beasts. In the 1520s, the word began to describe massive animals. Around the 1550s, the word started to describe evil people, characterized by their inhuman cruelty or wickedness. By the 19th century, the word &quot;monster&quot; was used as an adjective to describe things of gigantic size. [2]

'''Q: What are cryptids?'''&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
A: A '''cryptid''' is an animal or creature whose existence is claimed through folklore, legends, or eyewitness accounts, but which has never been scientifically proven or verified by mainstream zoology. [1]
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
'''Q: What is the oldest mythical creature?''' &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
A: There is no single oldest mythical creature. Prehistoric Art depicted hybrid beings long before written records existed. Luckily, Archaeology and ancient literature points to a few of the oldest recorded monsters. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
'''Earliest Prehistoric Art:''' &lt;br&gt;
[[File:Loewenmensch1.jpg|thumb|The lion man from the Stadel cave in the Hohlenstein, Lonetal (Bade-Wurtemberg).]] &lt;br&gt;
The Lion-Man [Hohlenstein-Stadel]: This 40,000 - to - 44,000-year-old ivory carving was discovered in Germany. It is a carving of a human body with a lion's head. [4] &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
Indonesian Cave Art: A 44,000-year-old rock Art painting in Sulawesi, Indonesia, depicts part-human, part-animal figures. These therianthropes are shown hunting. This proves that humans imagined hybrid creatures deep in the Stone Age. [5] 
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
'''Early Literature:''' &lt;br&gt;
Some of the oldest written monsters in human literature can be found in the ancient Mesopotamian ''Epic of Gilgamesh'', a piece of literature dating around 2000 BCE. Humbaba and the Scorpion-men may be some of the oldest monsters in history. [6]
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;

==== References: ==== 
1. &quot;List of Cryptids.&quot; October 13, 2026. In Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_cryptids &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
2. &quot;Monster.&quot; October 12, 2026. In Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monster &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
3. &quot;What is a monster?&quot; September 7, 2015. University of Cambridge. https://www.cam.ac.uk/research/discussion/what-is-a-monster &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
4. &quot;Lion-man of Hohlenstein-Stadel.&quot; September 14, 2026. In Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lion-man_of_Hohlenstein-Stadel
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
5. Rigby, Sara. &quot;44,000-year-old Cave Art Depicts Earliest-Known Mythical Beasts&quot; December 12, 2019. BBC Science Focus Magazine https://www.sciencefocus.com/news/440000-year-old-cave-art-depicts-earliest-known-mythical-beasts &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
6. &quot;Epic of Gilgamesh.&quot; September 28, 2026. In Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epic_of_Gilgamesh &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Chapter navigation with TOC||Introduction|TOC mini}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;
&lt;br&gt;

{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>l5b47qws10jy1izfccfml22wjbi3rdi</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4680382</id>
      <parentid>4680381</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T12:56:54Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>3MMPEYTON</username>
        <id>3393808</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4680382</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3185" sha1="atoaq9m4iirilp5v0pu82hwo9447s6r" xml:space="preserve">== Questions and Answers ==
[[File:Loewenmensch1.jpg|thumb|The lion man from the Stadel cave in the Hohlenstein, Lonetal (Bade-Wurtemberg).]]
'''Q: Where did the word &quot;monster&quot; come from?''' &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
A: Monster derives from the Latin ''monstrum''. Monstrum is derived from the verb ''moneo'', which means &quot;to remind, warn, instruct, or foretell.&quot; [2] &lt;br&gt;
The early, 14th century meaning of the word &quot;monster&quot; originally referred to a malformed human, animal, or to a birth defect that was interpreted as a supernatural sign, or as a warning from the divine. [3] &lt;br&gt;
Towards the end of the 14th century, the word expanded to include mythical beasts. In the 1520s, the word began to describe massive animals. Around the 1550s, the word started to describe evil people, characterized by their inhuman cruelty or wickedness. By the 19th century, the word &quot;monster&quot; was used as an adjective to describe things of gigantic size. [2]

'''Q: What are cryptids?'''&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
A: A '''cryptid''' is an animal or creature whose existence is claimed through folklore, legends, or eyewitness accounts, but which has never been scientifically proven or verified by mainstream zoology. [1]
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
'''Q: What is the oldest mythical creature?''' &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
A: There is no single oldest mythical creature. Prehistoric Art depicted hybrid beings long before written records existed. Luckily, Archaeology and ancient literature points to a few of the oldest recorded monsters. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
'''Earliest Prehistoric Art:''' &lt;br&gt;
The Lion-Man [Hohlenstein-Stadel]: This 40,000 - to - 44,000-year-old ivory carving was discovered in Germany. It is a carving of a human body with a lion's head. [4] &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
Indonesian Cave Art: A 44,000-year-old rock Art painting in Sulawesi, Indonesia, depicts part-human, part-animal figures. These therianthropes are shown hunting. This proves that humans imagined hybrid creatures deep in the Stone Age. [5] 
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
'''Early Literature:''' &lt;br&gt;
Some of the oldest written monsters in human literature can be found in the ancient Mesopotamian ''Epic of Gilgamesh'', a piece of literature dating around 2000 BCE. Humbaba and the Scorpion-men may be some of the oldest monsters in history. [6]
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;

==== References: ==== 
1. &quot;List of Cryptids.&quot; October 13, 2026. In Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_cryptids &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
2. &quot;Monster.&quot; October 12, 2026. In Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monster &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
3. &quot;What is a monster?&quot; September 7, 2015. University of Cambridge. https://www.cam.ac.uk/research/discussion/what-is-a-monster &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
4. &quot;Lion-man of Hohlenstein-Stadel.&quot; September 14, 2026. In Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lion-man_of_Hohlenstein-Stadel
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
5. Rigby, Sara. &quot;44,000-year-old Cave Art Depicts Earliest-Known Mythical Beasts&quot; December 12, 2019. BBC Science Focus Magazine https://www.sciencefocus.com/news/440000-year-old-cave-art-depicts-earliest-known-mythical-beasts &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
6. &quot;Epic of Gilgamesh.&quot; September 28, 2026. In Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epic_of_Gilgamesh &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Chapter navigation with TOC||Introduction|TOC mini}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;
&lt;br&gt;

{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>atoaq9m4iirilp5v0pu82hwo9447s6r</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4680394</id>
      <parentid>4680382</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T13:24:49Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>3MMPEYTON</username>
        <id>3393808</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4680394</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3233" sha1="f7ym178lnjs5sxpxxhul8ipl05ptocm" xml:space="preserve">== Questions and Answers ==
[[File:Loewenmensch1.jpg|thumb|The lion man from the Stadel cave in the Hohlenstein, Lonetal (Bade-Wurtemberg).]]
'''Q: Where did the word &quot;monster&quot; come from?''' &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
A: Monster derives from the Latin ''monstrum''. Monstrum is derived from the verb ''moneo'', which means &quot;to remind, warn, instruct, or foretell.&quot; [2] &lt;br&gt;
The early, 14th century meaning of the word &quot;monster&quot; originally referred to a malformed human, animal, or to a birth defect that was interpreted as a supernatural sign, or as a warning from the divine. [3] &lt;br&gt;
Towards the end of the 14th century, the word expanded to include mythical beasts. In the 1520s, the word began to describe massive animals. Around the 1550s, the word started to describe evil people, characterized by their inhuman cruelty or wickedness. By the 19th century, the word &quot;monster&quot; was used as an adjective to describe things of gigantic size. [2]

'''Q: What are cryptids?'''&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
A: A '''cryptid''' is an animal or creature whose existence is claimed through folklore, legends, or eyewitness accounts, but which has never been scientifically proven or verified by mainstream zoology. [1]
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
'''Q: What is the oldest mythical creature?''' &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
A: There is no single oldest mythical creature. Prehistoric Art depicted hybrid beings long before written records existed. Luckily, Archaeology and ancient literature points to a few of the oldest recorded monsters. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
'''Earliest Prehistoric Art:''' &lt;br&gt;
The Lion-Man [Hohlenstein-Stadel]: This 40,000 - to - 44,000-year-old ivory carving was discovered in Germany. It is a carving of a human body with a lion's head. [4] &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
Indonesian Cave Art: A 44,000-year-old rock Art painting in Sulawesi, Indonesia, depicts part-human, part-animal figures. These therianthropes (a being that combines human and animal traits) are shown hunting. This proves that humans imagined hybrid creatures deep in the Stone Age. [5] 
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
'''Early Literature:''' &lt;br&gt;
Some of the oldest written monsters in human literature can be found in the ancient Mesopotamian ''Epic of Gilgamesh'', a piece of literature dating around 2000 BCE. Humbaba and the Scorpion-men may be some of the oldest monsters in history. [6]
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;

==== References: ==== 
1. &quot;List of Cryptids.&quot; October 13, 2026. In Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_cryptids &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
2. &quot;Monster.&quot; October 12, 2026. In Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monster &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
3. &quot;What is a monster?&quot; September 7, 2015. University of Cambridge. https://www.cam.ac.uk/research/discussion/what-is-a-monster &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
4. &quot;Lion-man of Hohlenstein-Stadel.&quot; September 14, 2026. In Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lion-man_of_Hohlenstein-Stadel
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
5. Rigby, Sara. &quot;44,000-year-old Cave Art Depicts Earliest-Known Mythical Beasts&quot; December 12, 2019. BBC Science Focus Magazine https://www.sciencefocus.com/news/440000-year-old-cave-art-depicts-earliest-known-mythical-beasts &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
6. &quot;Epic of Gilgamesh.&quot; September 28, 2026. In Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epic_of_Gilgamesh &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Chapter navigation with TOC||Introduction|TOC mini}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;
&lt;br&gt;

{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>f7ym178lnjs5sxpxxhul8ipl05ptocm</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4680395</id>
      <parentid>4680394</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T13:28:00Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>3MMPEYTON</username>
        <id>3393808</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4680395</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3233" sha1="n7u4ie55fwa2oe5my9nm63t55xw9m69" xml:space="preserve">== Questions and Answers ==
[[File:Loewenmensch1.jpg|thumb|The lion man from the Stadel cave in the Hohlenstein, Lonetal (Bade-Wurtemberg).]]
'''Q: Where did the word &quot;monster&quot; come from?''' &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
A: Monster derives from the Latin ''monstrum''. Monstrum is derived from the verb ''moneo'', which means &quot;to remind, warn, instruct, or foretell.&quot; [2] &lt;br&gt;
The early, 14th century meaning of the word &quot;monster&quot; originally referred to a malformed human, animal, or to a birth defect that was interpreted as a supernatural sign, or as a warning from the divine. [3] &lt;br&gt;
Towards the end of the 14th century, the word expanded to include mythical beasts. In the 1520s, the word began to describe massive animals. Around the 1550s, the word started to describe evil people, characterized by their inhuman cruelty or wickedness. By the 19th century, the word &quot;monster&quot; was used as an adjective to describe things of gigantic size. [2]

'''Q: What are cryptids?'''&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
A: A '''cryptid''' is an animal or creature whose existence is claimed through folklore, legends, or eyewitness accounts, but which has never been scientifically proven or verified by mainstream zoology. [1]
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
'''Q: What is the oldest mythical creature?''' &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
A: There is no single oldest mythical creature. Prehistoric Art depicted hybrid beings long before written records existed. Luckily, Archaeology and ancient literature points to a few of the oldest recorded monsters. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
'''Earliest Prehistoric Art:''' &lt;br&gt;
The Lion-Man [Hohlenstein-Stadel]: This 40,000 - to - 44,000-year-old ivory carving was discovered in Germany. It is a carving of a human body with a lion's head. [4] &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
Indonesian Cave Art: A 44,000-year-old rock Art painting in Sulawesi, Indonesia, depicts part-human, part-animal figures. These therianthropes ( beings that combines human and animal traits) are shown hunting. This proves that humans imagined hybrid creatures deep in the Stone Age. [5] 
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
'''Early Literature:''' &lt;br&gt;
Some of the oldest written monsters in human literature can be found in the ancient Mesopotamian ''Epic of Gilgamesh'', a piece of literature dating around 2000 BCE. Humbaba and the Scorpion-men may be some of the oldest monsters in history. [6]
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;

==== References: ==== 
1. &quot;List of Cryptids.&quot; October 13, 2026. In Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_cryptids &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
2. &quot;Monster.&quot; October 12, 2026. In Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monster &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
3. &quot;What is a monster?&quot; September 7, 2015. University of Cambridge. https://www.cam.ac.uk/research/discussion/what-is-a-monster &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
4. &quot;Lion-man of Hohlenstein-Stadel.&quot; September 14, 2026. In Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lion-man_of_Hohlenstein-Stadel
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
5. Rigby, Sara. &quot;44,000-year-old Cave Art Depicts Earliest-Known Mythical Beasts&quot; December 12, 2019. BBC Science Focus Magazine https://www.sciencefocus.com/news/440000-year-old-cave-art-depicts-earliest-known-mythical-beasts &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
6. &quot;Epic of Gilgamesh.&quot; September 28, 2026. In Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epic_of_Gilgamesh &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Chapter navigation with TOC||Introduction|TOC mini}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;
&lt;br&gt;

{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>n7u4ie55fwa2oe5my9nm63t55xw9m69</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Wikibooks:Reading room/Administrative Assistance/Archives/2026/October</title>
    <ns>4</ns>
    <id>486385</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4680632</id>
      <parentid>4679215</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-07T08:10:29Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ArchiverBot</username>
        <id>1227662</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Bot: Archiving 1 thread from [[Wikibooks:Reading room/Administrative Assistance]]</comment>
      <origin>4680632</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="6674" sha1="klt0iyvu1rhjgchp6pw8u5dgo8wvwfb" xml:space="preserve">{{talk archive}}

== Tunde akinlabi reported by MathXplore ==

* {{userlinks|Tunde akinlabi}}

Spam &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Tunde akinlabi/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:18, 1 October 2026 (UTC)
: Page was deleted by another admin. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 14:11, 2 October 2026 (UTC)

== Barakat isiaka reported by MathXplore ==

* {{userlinks|Barakat isiaka}}

Spam &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Barakat isiaka/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:19, 1 October 2026 (UTC)
: Page was deleted by another admin. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 14:11, 2 October 2026 (UTC)

== Roconpaas01 reported by MathXplore ==

* {{userlinks|Roconpaas01}}

Link spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/315913]] &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Roconpaas01/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:19, 2 October 2026 (UTC)
: {{done}}. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 14:10, 2 October 2026 (UTC)
== Diiminstitute reported by MathXplore ==

* {{userlinks|Diiminstitute}}

Link spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/315963]] &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Diiminstitute/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 02:34, 4 October 2026 (UTC)

:{{done}} --[[User:SHB|SHB]] ([[User talk:SHB|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/SHB|contribs]]) 02:58, 4 October 2026 (UTC)
== ~2026-51118-27 reported by EggRoll97 ==

* {{anonlinks|~2026-51118-27}}

Vandalism &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/~2026-51118-27/ --&gt; [[User:EggRoll97|EggRoll97]] ([[User talk:EggRoll97|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/EggRoll97|contribs]]) 07:28, 4 October 2026 (UTC)
: {{done}} by NDG (GS). [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 13:13, 4 October 2026 (UTC)
== ~2026-53393-86 reported by MathXplore ==

* {{anonlinks|~2026-53393-86}}

Vandalism &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/~2026-53393-86/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:37, 5 October 2026 (UTC)

:Various contributions deleted—watching to see how this develops. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 19:15, 5 October 2026 (UTC)
== [[CustomChessTheory]] ==

Reason for reporting: Wrong title, renaming needed. [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:45, 5 October 2026 (UTC)
: {{done}}. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 15:21, 8 October 2026 (UTC)

== Siddhgiritubes reported by MathXplore ==

* {{userlinks|Siddhgiritubes}}

Spam &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Siddhgiritubes/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:31, 7 October 2026 (UTC)
: Page deleted by JJPMaster. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 15:09, 8 October 2026 (UTC)

== Editbots reported by MathXplore ==

* {{userlinks|Editbots}}

Link spam ([[Special:AbuseLog/316068]], [[Special:Contributions/~2026-54143-79]]) &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Editbots/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:13, 8 October 2026 (UTC)
: {{done}}. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 15:10, 8 October 2026 (UTC)
== Lenawalker1 reported by TechVindicator ==

* {{userlinks|Lenawalker1}}

Spam &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Lenawalker1/ --&gt; [[User:TechVindicator|TechVindicator]] ([[User talk:TechVindicator|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/TechVindicator|contribs]]) 04:07, 10 October 2026 (UTC)

:{{done|Dealt with}} by SHB —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 04:31, 11 October 2026 (UTC)
== Cleanwipes reported by MathXplore ==

* {{userlinks|Cleanwipes}}

Link spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/316154]] &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Cleanwipes/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:21, 14 October 2026 (UTC)
: {{done}}. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 15:20, 14 October 2026 (UTC)

== Suniluv2026 reported by MathXplore ==

* {{userlinks|Suniluv2026}}

Link spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/316149]] &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Suniluv2026/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:22, 14 October 2026 (UTC)
: {{done}}. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 15:21, 14 October 2026 (UTC)
== Rudrashares01 reported by MathXplore ==

* {{userlinks|Rudrashares01}}

Spam &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Rudrashares01/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:26, 15 October 2026 (UTC)

:{{done}} ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;v&lt;/span&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 19:25, 15 October 2026 (UTC)
== Rimshad12 reported by Morkoz ==

* {{userlinks|Rimshad12}}

Spam ([[:m:special:GlobalContributions/Rimshad12|cross-wiki]]) &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Rimshad12/ --&gt; [[User:Morkoz|Morkoz]] ([[User talk:Morkoz|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Morkoz|contribs]]) 06:06, 16 October 2026 (UTC)

:{{done|Locked}} --[[User:SHB|SHB]] ([[User talk:SHB|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/SHB|contribs]]) 11:41, 16 October 2026 (UTC)
== Wanjigires reported by MathXplore ==

* {{userlinks|Wanjigires}}

Link spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/316338]] &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Wanjigires/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 04:22, 24 October 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>klt0iyvu1rhjgchp6pw8u5dgo8wvwfb</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>About Monsters And Angels/Introduction</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>486395</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4680383</id>
      <parentid>4677130</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T13:00:38Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>3MMPEYTON</username>
        <id>3393808</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4680383</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4081" sha1="ooqpmf4z5t4h157035c6znvhue2hl6n" xml:space="preserve">== Introduction To Monsters ==
Big and small, dark, light, or clear, monsters come in many sizes, shapes and colors. They appear in early human stories as markings on cave walls. Monsters have inspired classically trained Artist who left monster images on stone, paintings, prints and images in the form of carved statues.  Clearly monsters have enriched the human imagination, and they have acted as mirrors for human fears and warnings. They have marked the outer limits, defining the limits of acceptable behavior. For example: If a person moved too far from &quot;normal&quot; behavior, acting in ways forbidden by social rules, they were then considered monstrous, even called a &quot;monster.&quot;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
Monsters have a meaning and a message for every cultural moment. Monsters are created, and reinvented and reintroduced to a culture seeking better representation or better ways to reflect its horrors and fears. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
Monsters are constructed and reconstructed in a cycle that exists across many historic periods. &lt;br&gt;
One way to begin defining monsters is by categorize them according to types. &lt;br&gt;
 
'''Types of monsters:'''

1. '''Undead And Spirits:''' &lt;br&gt;
- Vampires: Immoral, fanged, undead human-like creatures that feed on blood. (Examples: Dracula, Strigoi).   &lt;br&gt;
- Zombies: Reanimated, or cursed corpses with a strong hunger for flesh. &lt;br&gt;
- Ghosts And Specters: Disembodies souls or spirits that haunt the living. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
2. '''Human-Animal Hybrids And Shapeshifters:''' &lt;br&gt;
- Werewolves And Therianthropes: Humans that transform into beasts during a full moon. &lt;br&gt;
- Mythological Hybrids: Creatures combining human and animal characteristics (Example: Centaurs, Mermaids, Sirens) &lt;br&gt;
- Yokai And Folklore Spirits: Japanese and Asian phantoms and shapeshifters. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
3. '''Giants, Ogres And Humanoids:''' &lt;br&gt;
- Giants And Cyclopes: Massive human-like creatures found in mythology. (Example: Cyclops) &lt;br&gt;
- Goblins, Trolls And Gnomes: Mischievous, tiny or mid-sized humanoids found in the woodlands. (Example: Trolls) &lt;br&gt;
- Ogres And Man-Eaters: Large, savage humanoids known for eating people. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
4. '''Beasts, Dragons And Sea Monsters:''' &lt;br&gt;
- Dragons And Serpents: Reptilian, fire-breathing, or flying giant beasts. Found mainly in Western and Eastern traditions. &lt;br&gt;
- Water And Lake Monsters: Aquatic creatures lurking in deep waters. (Example: Loch Ness Monster). &lt;br&gt;
- Cryptids: Modern mythical animals reported by witnesses. (Example: Bigfoot, Chupacabra). &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
5. '''Demons, Fiends And Cosmic Entities:''' &lt;br&gt;
- Demons And Devils: Malevolent spiritual or underworld forces. &lt;br&gt;
- Lovecraftian / Tabletop Classifications: Systematic categories used in fantasy games like Dungeons &amp; Dragons. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
Historically, a monster was something shown to people in order to teach them a lesson, or to signal danger, or to reveal a moral truth. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
Monsters emerge from specific historical and social moments. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
Monsters also emerge from individuals who are processing their trauma, or from people seeking to handle their physical or mental illnesses. &lt;br&gt;

Many academic fields analyze monsters, such as Anthropology, Literature, Media Studies, Psychology, and Sociology. &lt;br&gt;
Scholars and theorists have considered what monstrosity is and how it functions. &lt;br&gt;
Monster theory was named in 1996 by Jeffery Cohen in his ''Monster Theory: Reading Culture.'' &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
''About Monsters and Angels'' dives into the unexplained seeking the human connection. We ask how are monsters intimately connected to humans? How are human stories reflected in the strange stories about werewolves, ghosts, zombies, and demons? Do stories about angels inspire people? Can studying the history behind monsters and angels help us to understand ourselves better? What happens when human reasoning sleeps, and a window to our unconscious mind opens?&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Chapter navigation with TOC||Chapter One|TOC mini}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Chapter navigation with TOC|Questions And Answers|TOC mini}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
{{bookcat}}</text>
      <sha1>ooqpmf4z5t4h157035c6znvhue2hl6n</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4680384</id>
      <parentid>4680383</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T13:03:00Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>3MMPEYTON</username>
        <id>3393808</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4680384</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4017" sha1="dqljvqz8v58m24njewkb17sw2dimumq" xml:space="preserve">== Introduction To Monsters ==
Big and small, dark, light, or clear, monsters come in many sizes, shapes and colors. They appear in early human stories as markings on cave walls. Monsters have inspired classically trained Artist who left monster images on stone, paintings, prints and images in the form of carved statues.  Clearly monsters have enriched the human imagination, and they have acted as mirrors for human fears and warnings. They have marked the outer limits, defining the limits of acceptable behavior. For example: If a person moved too far from &quot;normal&quot; behavior, acting in ways forbidden by social rules, they were then considered monstrous, even called a &quot;monster.&quot;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
Monsters have a meaning and a message for every cultural moment. Monsters are created, and reinvented and reintroduced to a culture seeking better representation or better ways to reflect its horrors and fears. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
Monsters are constructed and reconstructed in a cycle that exists across many historic periods. &lt;br&gt;
One way to begin defining monsters is by categorize them according to types. &lt;br&gt;
 
'''Types of monsters:'''

1. '''Undead And Spirits:''' &lt;br&gt;
- Vampires: Immoral, fanged, undead human-like creatures that feed on blood. (Examples: Dracula, Strigoi).   &lt;br&gt;
- Zombies: Reanimated, or cursed corpses with a strong hunger for flesh. &lt;br&gt;
- Ghosts And Specters: Disembodies souls or spirits that haunt the living. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
2. '''Human-Animal Hybrids And Shapeshifters:''' &lt;br&gt;
- Werewolves And Therianthropes: Humans that transform into beasts during a full moon. &lt;br&gt;
- Mythological Hybrids: Creatures combining human and animal characteristics (Example: Centaurs, Mermaids, Sirens) &lt;br&gt;
- Yokai And Folklore Spirits: Japanese and Asian phantoms and shapeshifters. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
3. '''Giants, Ogres And Humanoids:''' &lt;br&gt;
- Giants And Cyclopes: Massive human-like creatures found in mythology. (Example: Cyclops) &lt;br&gt;
- Goblins, Trolls And Gnomes: Mischievous, tiny or mid-sized humanoids found in the woodlands. (Example: Trolls) &lt;br&gt;
- Ogres And Man-Eaters: Large, savage humanoids known for eating people. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
4. '''Beasts, Dragons And Sea Monsters:''' &lt;br&gt;
- Dragons And Serpents: Reptilian, fire-breathing, or flying giant beasts. Found mainly in Western and Eastern traditions. &lt;br&gt;
- Water And Lake Monsters: Aquatic creatures lurking in deep waters. (Example: Loch Ness Monster). &lt;br&gt;
- Cryptids: Modern mythical animals reported by witnesses. (Example: Bigfoot, Chupacabra). &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
5. '''Demons, Fiends And Cosmic Entities:''' &lt;br&gt;
- Demons And Devils: Malevolent spiritual or underworld forces. &lt;br&gt;
- Lovecraftian / Tabletop Classifications: Systematic categories used in fantasy games like Dungeons &amp; Dragons. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
Historically, a monster was something shown to people in order to teach them a lesson, or to signal danger, or to reveal a moral truth. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
Monsters emerge from specific historical and social moments. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
Monsters also emerge from individuals who are processing their trauma, or from people seeking to handle their physical or mental illnesses. &lt;br&gt;

Many academic fields analyze monsters, such as Anthropology, Literature, Media Studies, Psychology, and Sociology. &lt;br&gt;
Scholars and theorists have considered what monstrosity is and how it functions. &lt;br&gt;
Monster theory was named in 1996 by Jeffery Cohen in his ''Monster Theory: Reading Culture.'' &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
''About Monsters and Angels'' dives into the unexplained seeking the human connection. We ask how are monsters intimately connected to humans? How are human stories reflected in the strange stories about werewolves, ghosts, zombies, and demons? Do stories about angels inspire people? Can studying the history behind monsters and angels help us to understand ourselves better? What happens when human reasoning sleeps, and a window to our unconscious mind opens?&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Chapter navigation with TOC|Questions And Answers||Chapter One|TOC mini}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
{{bookcat}}</text>
      <sha1>dqljvqz8v58m24njewkb17sw2dimumq</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4680385</id>
      <parentid>4680384</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T13:04:02Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>3MMPEYTON</username>
        <id>3393808</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4680385</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3995" sha1="js2beu5x9f9xgo7ipl0pa9iy4zpxirm" xml:space="preserve">== Introduction To Monsters ==
Big and small, dark, light, or clear, monsters come in many sizes, shapes and colors. They appear in early human stories as markings on cave walls. Monsters have inspired classically trained Artist who left monster images on stone, paintings, prints and images in the form of carved statues.  Clearly monsters have enriched the human imagination, and they have acted as mirrors for human fears and warnings. They have marked the outer limits, defining the limits of acceptable behavior. For example: If a person moved too far from &quot;normal&quot; behavior, acting in ways forbidden by social rules, they were then considered monstrous, even called a &quot;monster.&quot;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
Monsters have a meaning and a message for every cultural moment. Monsters are created, and reinvented and reintroduced to a culture seeking better representation or better ways to reflect its horrors and fears. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
Monsters are constructed and reconstructed in a cycle that exists across many historic periods. &lt;br&gt;
One way to begin defining monsters is by categorize them according to types. &lt;br&gt;
 
'''Types of monsters:'''

1. '''Undead And Spirits:''' &lt;br&gt;
- Vampires: Immoral, fanged, undead human-like creatures that feed on blood. (Examples: Dracula, Strigoi).   &lt;br&gt;
- Zombies: Reanimated, or cursed corpses with a strong hunger for flesh. &lt;br&gt;
- Ghosts And Specters: Disembodies souls or spirits that haunt the living. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
2. '''Human-Animal Hybrids And Shapeshifters:''' &lt;br&gt;
- Werewolves And Therianthropes: Humans that transform into beasts during a full moon. &lt;br&gt;
- Mythological Hybrids: Creatures combining human and animal characteristics (Example: Centaurs, Mermaids, Sirens) &lt;br&gt;
- Yokai And Folklore Spirits: Japanese and Asian phantoms and shapeshifters. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
3. '''Giants, Ogres And Humanoids:''' &lt;br&gt;
- Giants And Cyclopes: Massive human-like creatures found in mythology. (Example: Cyclops) &lt;br&gt;
- Goblins, Trolls And Gnomes: Mischievous, tiny or mid-sized humanoids found in the woodlands. (Example: Trolls) &lt;br&gt;
- Ogres And Man-Eaters: Large, savage humanoids known for eating people. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
4. '''Beasts, Dragons And Sea Monsters:''' &lt;br&gt;
- Dragons And Serpents: Reptilian, fire-breathing, or flying giant beasts. Found mainly in Western and Eastern traditions. &lt;br&gt;
- Water And Lake Monsters: Aquatic creatures lurking in deep waters. (Example: Loch Ness Monster). &lt;br&gt;
- Cryptids: Modern mythical animals reported by witnesses. (Example: Bigfoot, Chupacabra). &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
5. '''Demons, Fiends And Cosmic Entities:''' &lt;br&gt;
- Demons And Devils: Malevolent spiritual or underworld forces. &lt;br&gt;
- Lovecraftian / Tabletop Classifications: Systematic categories used in fantasy games like Dungeons &amp; Dragons. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
Historically, a monster was something shown to people in order to teach them a lesson, or to signal danger, or to reveal a moral truth. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
Monsters emerge from specific historical and social moments. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
Monsters also emerge from individuals who are processing their trauma, or from people seeking to handle their physical or mental illnesses. &lt;br&gt;

Many academic fields analyze monsters, such as Anthropology, Literature, Media Studies, Psychology, and Sociology. &lt;br&gt;
Scholars and theorists have considered what monstrosity is and how it functions. &lt;br&gt;
Monster theory was named in 1996 by Jeffery Cohen in his ''Monster Theory: Reading Culture.'' &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
''About Monsters and Angels'' dives into the unexplained seeking the human connection. We ask how are monsters intimately connected to humans? How are human stories reflected in the strange stories about werewolves, ghosts, zombies, and demons? Do stories about angels inspire people? Can studying the history behind monsters and angels help us to understand ourselves better? What happens when human reasoning sleeps, and a window to our unconscious mind opens?&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Chapter navigation with TOC||Chapter One|TOC mini}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
{{bookcat}}</text>
      <sha1>js2beu5x9f9xgo7ipl0pa9iy4zpxirm</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4680387</id>
      <parentid>4680385</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T13:09:20Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>3MMPEYTON</username>
        <id>3393808</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4680387</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4016" sha1="p24kfs5i09y9putt280uknpuvw8101b" xml:space="preserve">== Introduction To Monsters ==
Big and small, dark, light, or clear, monsters come in many sizes, shapes and colors. They appear in early human stories as markings on cave walls. Monsters have inspired classically trained Artist who left monster images on stone, paintings, prints and images in the form of carved statues.  Clearly monsters have enriched the human imagination, and they have acted as mirrors for human fears and warnings. They have marked the outer limits, defining the limits of acceptable behavior. For example: If a person moved too far from &quot;normal&quot; behavior, acting in ways forbidden by social rules, they were then considered monstrous, even called a &quot;monster.&quot;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
Monsters have a meaning and a message for every cultural moment. Monsters are created, and reinvented and reintroduced to a culture seeking better representation or better ways to reflect its horrors and fears. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
Monsters are constructed and reconstructed in a cycle that exists across many historic periods. &lt;br&gt;
One way to begin defining monsters is by categorize them according to types. &lt;br&gt;
 
'''Types of monsters:'''

1. '''Undead And Spirits:''' &lt;br&gt;
- Vampires: Immoral, fanged, undead human-like creatures that feed on blood. (Examples: Dracula, Strigoi).   &lt;br&gt;
- Zombies: Reanimated, or cursed corpses with a strong hunger for flesh. &lt;br&gt;
- Ghosts And Specters: Disembodies souls or spirits that haunt the living. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
2. '''Human-Animal Hybrids And Shapeshifters:''' &lt;br&gt;
- Werewolves And Therianthropes: Humans that transform into beasts during a full moon. &lt;br&gt;
- Mythological Hybrids: Creatures combining human and animal characteristics (Example: Centaurs, Mermaids, Sirens) &lt;br&gt;
- Yokai And Folklore Spirits: Japanese and Asian phantoms and shapeshifters. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
3. '''Giants, Ogres And Humanoids:''' &lt;br&gt;
- Giants And Cyclopes: Massive human-like creatures found in mythology. (Example: Cyclops) &lt;br&gt;
- Goblins, Trolls And Gnomes: Mischievous, tiny or mid-sized humanoids found in the woodlands. (Example: Trolls) &lt;br&gt;
- Ogres And Man-Eaters: Large, savage humanoids known for eating people. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
4. '''Beasts, Dragons And Sea Monsters:''' &lt;br&gt;
- Dragons And Serpents: Reptilian, fire-breathing, or flying giant beasts. Found mainly in Western and Eastern traditions. &lt;br&gt;
- Water And Lake Monsters: Aquatic creatures lurking in deep waters. (Example: Loch Ness Monster). &lt;br&gt;
- Cryptids: Modern mythical animals reported by witnesses. (Example: Bigfoot, Chupacabra). &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
5. '''Demons, Fiends And Cosmic Entities:''' &lt;br&gt;
- Demons And Devils: Malevolent spiritual or underworld forces. &lt;br&gt;
- Lovecraftian / Tabletop Classifications: Systematic categories used in fantasy games like Dungeons &amp; Dragons. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
Historically, a monster was something shown to people in order to teach them a lesson, or to signal danger, or to reveal a moral truth. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
Monsters emerge from specific historical and social moments. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
Monsters also emerge from individuals who are processing their trauma, or from people seeking to handle their physical or mental illnesses. &lt;br&gt;

Many academic fields analyze monsters, such as Anthropology, Literature, Media Studies, Psychology, and Sociology. &lt;br&gt;
Scholars and theorists have considered what monstrosity is and how it functions. &lt;br&gt;
Monster theory was named in 1996 by Jeffery Cohen in his ''Monster Theory: Reading Culture.'' &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
''About Monsters and Angels'' dives into the unexplained seeking the human connection. We ask how are monsters intimately connected to humans? How are human stories reflected in the strange stories about werewolves, ghosts, zombies, and demons? Do stories about angels inspire people? Can studying the history behind monsters and angels help us to understand ourselves better? What happens when human reasoning sleeps, and a window to our unconscious mind opens?&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Chapter navigation with TOC|Questions And Answers|Chapter One|TOC mini}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
{{bookcat}}</text>
      <sha1>p24kfs5i09y9putt280uknpuvw8101b</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4680399</id>
      <parentid>4680387</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T13:50:38Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>3MMPEYTON</username>
        <id>3393808</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4680399</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4031" sha1="kyvpsxc0t2hagv29w030p3aggz5ttpk" xml:space="preserve">== Introduction To Monsters ==
Big and small, dark, light, or clear, monsters come in many sizes, shapes and colors. They appear in our early human stories as markings on cave walls. Monsters have frightened and stirred our imaginations. Monsters had inspired classically trained Artist who left monster images on stone, paintings, prints and in the form of carved statues.  Clearly monsters have enriched the human imagination, they have acted as mirrors for human fears, and as warnings. They have marked the outer limits, defining the limits of acceptable behavior. For example: If a person moved too far from &quot;normal&quot; behavior, acting in ways forbidden by social rules, they were then considered monstrous, even called a &quot;monster.&quot;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
Monsters have a meaning and a message for every cultural moment. Monsters are created, and reinvented and reintroduced to a culture seeking better representation or better ways to reflect its horrors and fears. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
Monsters are constructed and reconstructed in a cycle that exists across many historic periods. &lt;br&gt;
One way to begin defining monsters is by categorize them according to types. &lt;br&gt;
 
'''Types of monsters:'''

1. '''Undead And Spirits:''' &lt;br&gt;
- Vampires: Immoral, fanged, undead human-like creatures that feed on blood. (Examples: Dracula, Strigoi).   &lt;br&gt;
- Zombies: Reanimated, or cursed corpses with a strong hunger for flesh. &lt;br&gt;
- Ghosts And Specters: Disembodies souls or spirits that haunt the living. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
2. '''Human-Animal Hybrids And Shapeshifters:''' &lt;br&gt;
- Werewolves And Therianthropes: Humans that transform into beasts during a full moon. &lt;br&gt;
- Mythological Hybrids: Creatures combining human and animal characteristics (Example: Centaurs, Mermaids, Sirens) &lt;br&gt;
- Yokai And Folklore Spirits: Japanese and Asian phantoms and shapeshifters. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
3. '''Giants, Ogres And Humanoids:''' &lt;br&gt;
- Giants And Cyclopes: Massive human-like creatures found in mythology. &lt;br&gt;
- Goblins, Trolls And Gnomes: Mischievous, tiny or mid-sized humanoids found in the woodlands.  &lt;br&gt;
- Ogres And Man-Eaters: Large, savage humanoids known for eating people. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
4. '''Beasts, Dragons And Sea Monsters:''' &lt;br&gt;
- Dragons And Serpents: Reptilian, fire-breathing, or flying giant beasts. Found mainly in Western and Eastern traditions. &lt;br&gt;
- Water And Lake Monsters: Aquatic creatures lurking in deep waters. (Example: Loch Ness Monster). &lt;br&gt;
- Cryptids: Modern mythical animals reported by witnesses. (Example: Bigfoot, Chupacabra). &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
5. '''Demons, Fiends And Cosmic Entities:''' &lt;br&gt;
- Demons And Devils: Malevolent spiritual or underworld forces. &lt;br&gt;
- Lovecraftian / Tabletop Classifications: Systematic categories used in fantasy games like Dungeons &amp; Dragons. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
Historically, a monster was something shown to people in order to teach them a lesson, or to signal danger, or to reveal a moral truth. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
Monsters emerge from specific historical and social moments. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
Monsters also emerge from individuals who are processing their trauma, or from people seeking to handle their physical or mental illnesses. &lt;br&gt;

Many academic fields analyze monsters, such as Anthropology, Literature, Media Studies, Psychology, and Sociology. &lt;br&gt;
Scholars and theorists are considering what monstrosity is and how it functions. &lt;br&gt;
Monster theory was named in 1996 by Jeffery Cohen in his ''Monster Theory: Reading Culture.'' &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
''About Monsters and Angels'' dives into the unexplained seeking the human connection. We ask how are monsters intimately connected to humans? How are human stories reflected in the strange stories about werewolves, ghosts, zombies, and demons? Do stories about angels inspire people? Can studying the history behind monsters and angels help us to understand ourselves better? What happens when human reasoning sleeps, and a window to our unconscious mind opens?&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Chapter navigation with TOC|Questions And Answers|Chapter One|TOC mini}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
{{bookcat}}</text>
      <sha1>kyvpsxc0t2hagv29w030p3aggz5ttpk</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4680410</id>
      <parentid>4680399</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T14:11:49Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>3MMPEYTON</username>
        <id>3393808</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Introduction To Monsters */</comment>
      <origin>4680410</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4032" sha1="l029w8mrgma4bd5bf7tdvukwchvtvoc" xml:space="preserve">== Introduction To Monsters ==
Big and small, dark, light, or clear, monsters come in many sizes, shapes and colors. They appear in our early human stories as markings on cave walls. Monsters have frightened and stirred our imaginations. Monsters had inspired classically trained Artist who left monster images on stones, paintings, prints and in the form of carved statues.  Clearly monsters have enriched the human imagination, they have acted as mirrors for human fears, and as warnings. They have marked the outer limits, defining the limits of acceptable behavior. For example: If a person moved too far from &quot;normal&quot; behavior, acting in ways forbidden by social rules, they were then considered monstrous, even called a &quot;monster.&quot;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
Monsters have a meaning and a message for every cultural moment. Monsters are created, and reinvented and reintroduced to a culture seeking better representation or better ways to reflect its horrors and fears. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
Monsters are constructed and reconstructed in a cycle that exists across many historic periods. &lt;br&gt;
One way to begin defining monsters is by categorize them according to types. &lt;br&gt;
 
'''Types of monsters:'''

1. '''Undead And Spirits:''' &lt;br&gt;
- Vampires: Immoral, fanged, undead human-like creatures that feed on blood. (Examples: Dracula, Strigoi).   &lt;br&gt;
- Zombies: Reanimated, or cursed corpses with a strong hunger for flesh. &lt;br&gt;
- Ghosts And Specters: Disembodies souls or spirits that haunt the living. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
2. '''Human-Animal Hybrids And Shapeshifters:''' &lt;br&gt;
- Werewolves And Therianthropes: Humans that transform into beasts during a full moon. &lt;br&gt;
- Mythological Hybrids: Creatures combining human and animal characteristics (Example: Centaurs, Mermaids, Sirens) &lt;br&gt;
- Yokai And Folklore Spirits: Japanese and Asian phantoms and shapeshifters. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
3. '''Giants, Ogres And Humanoids:''' &lt;br&gt;
- Giants And Cyclopes: Massive human-like creatures found in mythology. &lt;br&gt;
- Goblins, Trolls And Gnomes: Mischievous, tiny or mid-sized humanoids found in the woodlands.  &lt;br&gt;
- Ogres And Man-Eaters: Large, savage humanoids known for eating people. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
4. '''Beasts, Dragons And Sea Monsters:''' &lt;br&gt;
- Dragons And Serpents: Reptilian, fire-breathing, or flying giant beasts. Found mainly in Western and Eastern traditions. &lt;br&gt;
- Water And Lake Monsters: Aquatic creatures lurking in deep waters. (Example: Loch Ness Monster). &lt;br&gt;
- Cryptids: Modern mythical animals reported by witnesses. (Example: Bigfoot, Chupacabra). &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
5. '''Demons, Fiends And Cosmic Entities:''' &lt;br&gt;
- Demons And Devils: Malevolent spiritual or underworld forces. &lt;br&gt;
- Lovecraftian / Tabletop Classifications: Systematic categories used in fantasy games like Dungeons &amp; Dragons. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
Historically, a monster was something shown to people in order to teach them a lesson, or to signal danger, or to reveal a moral truth. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
Monsters emerge from specific historical and social moments. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
Monsters also emerge from individuals who are processing their trauma, or from people seeking to handle their physical or mental illnesses. &lt;br&gt;

Many academic fields analyze monsters, such as Anthropology, Literature, Media Studies, Psychology, and Sociology. &lt;br&gt;
Scholars and theorists are considering what monstrosity is and how it functions. &lt;br&gt;
Monster theory was named in 1996 by Jeffery Cohen in his ''Monster Theory: Reading Culture.'' &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
''About Monsters and Angels'' dives into the unexplained seeking the human connection. We ask how are monsters intimately connected to humans? How are human stories reflected in the strange stories about werewolves, ghosts, zombies, and demons? Do stories about angels inspire people? Can studying the history behind monsters and angels help us to understand ourselves better? What happens when human reasoning sleeps, and a window to our unconscious mind opens?&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Chapter navigation with TOC|Questions And Answers|Chapter One|TOC mini}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
{{bookcat}}</text>
      <sha1>l029w8mrgma4bd5bf7tdvukwchvtvoc</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4680411</id>
      <parentid>4680410</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T14:13:14Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>3MMPEYTON</username>
        <id>3393808</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4680411</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4025" sha1="d31fmnkqsftn83euwofv7ztuh8qomrr" xml:space="preserve">== Introduction To Monsters ==
Big and small, dark, light, or clear, monsters come in many sizes, shapes and colors. They appear in our early human stories as markings on cave walls. Monsters have frightened and stirred our imaginations. Monsters had inspired classically trained Artist who left monster images on stones, paintings, prints and in the form of carved statues.  Clearly monsters have enriched the human imagination, they have acted as mirrors for human fears, and as warnings. They have marked the outer limits, defining the limits of acceptable behavior. For example: If a person moved too far from &quot;normal&quot; behavior, acting in ways forbidden by social rules, they were then considered monstrous, even called a &quot;monster.&quot;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
Monsters have a meaning and a message for every cultural moment. Monsters are created, and reinvented and reintroduced to a culture seeking better representation or better ways to reflect its horrors and fears. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
Monsters are constructed and reconstructed in a cycle that exists across many historic periods. &lt;br&gt;
One way to begin defining monsters is by categorize them according to types. &lt;br&gt;
 
'''Types of monsters:'''

1. '''Undead And Spirits:''' &lt;br&gt;
- Vampires: Immoral, fanged, undead human-like creatures that feed on blood. (Examples: Dracula, Strigoi).   &lt;br&gt;
- Zombies: Reanimated, or cursed corpses with a strong hunger for flesh. &lt;br&gt;
- Ghosts And Specters: Disembodies souls or spirits that haunt the living. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
2. '''Human-Animal Hybrids And Shapeshifters:''' &lt;br&gt;
- Werewolves And Therianthropes: Humans that transform into beasts during a full moon. &lt;br&gt;
- Mythological Hybrids: Creatures combining human and animal characteristics (Example: Centaurs, Mermaids, Sirens) &lt;br&gt;
- Yokai And Folklore Spirits: Japanese and Asian phantoms and shapeshifters. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
3. '''Giants, Ogres And Humanoids:''' &lt;br&gt;
- Giants And Cyclopes: Massive human-like creatures found in mythology. &lt;br&gt;
- Goblins, Trolls And Gnomes: Mischievous, tiny or mid-sized humanoids found in the woodlands.  &lt;br&gt;
- Ogres And Man-Eaters: Large, savage humanoids known for eating people. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
4. '''Beasts, Dragons And Sea Monsters:''' &lt;br&gt;
- Dragons And Serpents: Reptilian, fire-breathing, or flying giant beasts. Found mainly in Western and Eastern traditions. &lt;br&gt;
- Water And Lake Monsters: Aquatic creatures lurking in deep waters. (Example: Loch Ness Monster). &lt;br&gt;
- Cryptids: Modern mythical animals reported by witnesses. (Example: Bigfoot, Chupacabra). &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
5. '''Demons, Fiends And Cosmic Entities:''' &lt;br&gt;
- Demons And Devils: Malevolent spiritual or underworld forces. &lt;br&gt;
- Lovecraftian / Tabletop Classifications: Systematic categories used in fantasy games like Dungeons &amp; Dragons. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
Historically, a monster was something shown to people in order to teach them a lesson, or to signal danger, or to reveal a moral truth. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
Monsters emerge from specific historical and social moments. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
Monsters also emerge from individuals who are processing their trauma, or from people seeking to handle their physical or mental illnesses. &lt;br&gt;

Many academic fields analyze monsters, such as Anthropology, Literature, Media Studies, Psychology, and Sociology. &lt;br&gt;
Scholars and theorists consider what monstrosity is and how it functions. &lt;br&gt;
Monster theory was named in 1996 by Jeffery Cohen in his ''Monster Theory: Reading Culture.'' &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
''About Monsters and Angels'' dives into the unexplained seeking the human connection. We ask how are monsters intimately connected to humans? How are human stories reflected in the strange stories about werewolves, ghosts, zombies, and demons? Do stories about angels inspire people? Can studying the history behind monsters and angels help us to understand ourselves better? What happens when human reasoning sleeps, and a window to our unconscious mind opens?&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Chapter navigation with TOC|Questions And Answers|Chapter One|TOC mini}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
{{bookcat}}</text>
      <sha1>d31fmnkqsftn83euwofv7ztuh8qomrr</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4680571</id>
      <parentid>4680411</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T21:15:15Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>3MMPEYTON</username>
        <id>3393808</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4680571</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4325" sha1="3vbhmcj3updnnn81qiwdrjhdarlyuzn" xml:space="preserve">== Introduction To Monsters ==
Big and small, dark, light, or clear, monsters come in many sizes, shapes and colors. They appear in our early human stories as markings on cave walls. Monsters have frightened and stirred our imaginations. Monsters had inspired classically trained Artist who left monster images on stones, paintings, prints and in the form of carved statues.  Clearly monsters have enriched the human imagination, they have acted as mirrors for human fears, and as warnings. They have marked the outer limits, defining the limits of acceptable behavior. For example: If a person moved too far from &quot;normal&quot; behavior, acting in ways forbidden by social rules, they were then considered monstrous, even called a &quot;monster.&quot;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
Monsters have a meaning and a message for every cultural moment. They manifest in literature, they are shaped by folk stories. Monsters are created, and reinvented and reintroduced to a culture seeking better representation or better ways to reflect its horrors and fears. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
Monsters are constructed and reconstructed in a cycle that exists across many historic periods. &lt;br&gt;
One way to begin defining monsters is by categorize them according to types. &lt;br&gt;
 
'''Types of monsters:'''

1. '''Undead And Spirits:''' &lt;br&gt;
- Vampires: Immoral, fanged, undead human-like creatures that feed on blood. (Examples: Dracula, Strigoi).   &lt;br&gt;
- Zombies: Reanimated, or cursed corpses with a strong hunger for flesh. &lt;br&gt;
- Ghosts And Specters: Disembodies souls or spirits that haunt the living. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
2. '''Human-Animal Hybrids And Shapeshifters:''' &lt;br&gt;
- Werewolves And Therianthropes: Humans that transform into beasts during a full moon. &lt;br&gt;
- Mythological Hybrids: Creatures combining human and animal characteristics (Example: Centaurs, Mermaids, Sirens) &lt;br&gt;
- Yokai And Folklore Spirits: Japanese and Asian phantoms and shapeshifters. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
3. '''Giants, Ogres And Humanoids:''' &lt;br&gt;
- Giants And Cyclopes: Massive human-like creatures found in mythology. &lt;br&gt;
- Goblins, Trolls And Gnomes: Mischievous, tiny or mid-sized humanoids found in the woodlands.  &lt;br&gt;
- Ogres And Man-Eaters: Large, savage humanoids known for eating people. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
4. '''Beasts, Dragons And Sea Monsters:''' &lt;br&gt;
- Dragons And Serpents: Reptilian, fire-breathing, or flying giant beasts. Found mainly in Western and Eastern traditions. &lt;br&gt;
- Water And Lake Monsters: Aquatic creatures lurking in deep waters. (Example: Loch Ness Monster). &lt;br&gt;
- Cryptids: Modern mythical animals reported by witnesses. (Example: Bigfoot, Chupacabra). &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
5. '''Demons, Fiends And Cosmic Entities:''' &lt;br&gt;
- Demons And Devils: Malevolent spiritual or underworld forces. &lt;br&gt;
- Lovecraftian / Tabletop Classifications: Systematic categories used in fantasy games like Dungeons &amp; Dragons. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
Historically, a monster was something shown to people in order to teach them a lesson, or to signal danger, or to reveal a moral truth. Mythological monsters, and creatures found primarily in folklore teach people.&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
Monsters also emerge from individuals who are processing their trauma, or from people seeking to handle their physical or mental illnesses. Trama monsters manifest as a way to handle painful emotions. &lt;br&gt;

Many academic fields analyze monsters, such as Anthropology, Literature, Media Studies, Psychology, and Sociology. &lt;br&gt;
Scholars and theorists consider what monstrosity is and how it functions. Scientists look for proof that monsters exist. They engage in myth busting, proving that popular beliefs about monsters are false, or different from traditional beliefs. &lt;br&gt;
Monster theory was named in 1996 by Jeffery Cohen in his ''Monster Theory: Reading Culture.'' &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
''About Monsters and Angels'' dives into the unexplained seeking the human connection. We ask how are monsters intimately connected to humans? How are human stories reflected in the strange stories about werewolves, ghosts, zombies, and demons? Do stories about angels inspire people? Can studying the history behind monsters and angels help us to understand ourselves better? What happens when human reasoning sleeps, and a window to our unconscious mind opens?&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Chapter navigation with TOC|Questions And Answers|Chapter One|TOC mini}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
{{bookcat}}</text>
      <sha1>3vbhmcj3updnnn81qiwdrjhdarlyuzn</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4680572</id>
      <parentid>4680571</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T21:19:27Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>3MMPEYTON</username>
        <id>3393808</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4680572</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4331" sha1="s9kl8l1vbkbxke9kpx80fzf4yhmg2dj" xml:space="preserve">== Introduction To Monsters ==
Big and small, dark, light, or clear, monsters come in many sizes, shapes and colors. They appear in our early human stories as markings on cave walls. Monsters have frightened and stirred our imaginations. Monsters had inspired classically trained Artist who left monster images on stones, paintings, prints and in the form of carved statues.  Clearly monsters have enriched the human imagination, they have acted as mirrors for human fears, and as warnings. They have marked the outer limits, defining the limits of acceptable behavior. For example: If a person moved too far from &quot;normal&quot; behavior, acting in ways forbidden by social rules, they were then considered monstrous, even called a &quot;monster.&quot;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
Monsters have a meaning and a message for every cultural moment. They manifest in literature, they are shaped by folk stories. Monsters are created, and reinvented and reintroduced to a culture seeking better representation or better ways to reflect its horrors and fears. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
Monsters are constructed and reconstructed in a cycle that exists across many historic periods. &lt;br&gt;
One way to begin defining monsters is by categorize them according to types. &lt;br&gt;
 
'''Types of monsters:'''

1. '''Undead And Spirits:''' &lt;br&gt;
- Vampires: Immoral, fanged, undead human-like creatures that feed on blood. (Examples: Dracula, Strigoi).   &lt;br&gt;
- Zombies: Reanimated, or cursed corpses with a strong hunger for flesh. &lt;br&gt;
- Ghosts And Specters: Disembodies souls or spirits that haunt the living. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
2. '''Human-Animal Hybrids And Shapeshifters:''' &lt;br&gt;
- Werewolves And Therianthropes: Humans that transform into beasts during a full moon. &lt;br&gt;
- Mythological Hybrids: Creatures combining human and animal characteristics (Example: Centaurs, Mermaids, Sirens) &lt;br&gt;
- Yokai And Folklore Spirits: Japanese and Asian phantoms and shapeshifters. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
3. '''Giants, Ogres And Humanoids:''' &lt;br&gt;
- Giants And Cyclopes: Massive human-like creatures found in mythology. &lt;br&gt;
- Goblins, Trolls And Gnomes: Mischievous, tiny or mid-sized humanoids found in the woodlands.  &lt;br&gt;
- Ogres And Man-Eaters: Large, savage humanoids known for eating people. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
4. '''Beasts, Dragons And Sea Monsters:''' &lt;br&gt;
- Dragons And Serpents: Reptilian, fire-breathing, or flying giant beasts. Found mainly in Western and Eastern traditions. &lt;br&gt;
- Water And Lake Monsters: Aquatic creatures lurking in deep waters. (Example: Loch Ness Monster). &lt;br&gt;
- Cryptids: Modern mythical animals reported by witnesses. (Example: Bigfoot, Chupacabra). &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
5. '''Demons, Fiends And Cosmic Entities:''' &lt;br&gt;
- Demons And Devils: Malevolent spiritual or underworld forces. &lt;br&gt;
- Lovecraftian / Tabletop Classifications: Systematic categories used in fantasy games like Dungeons &amp; Dragons. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
Historically, a monster was something shown to people in order to teach them a lesson, or to signal danger, or to reveal a moral truth. Mythological monsters, and creatures found primarily in folklore teach people.&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
Monsters also emerge from individuals who are processing their trauma, or from people seeking to handle their physical or mental illnesses. Trama monsters manifest as a way to handle painful emotions. &lt;br&gt;

Many academic fields analyze monsters, such as Anthropology, Literature, Media Studies, Psychology, and Sociology. &lt;br&gt;
Scientists look for proof that monsters exist. They engage in myth busting, proving that popular beliefs about monsters are false, or different from traditional beliefs. &lt;br&gt;
Scholars and theorists consider what monstrosity is and how it functions.  &lt;br&gt;
Monster theory was named in 1996 by Jeffery Cohen in his ''Monster Theory: Reading Culture.'' &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
''About Monsters and Angels'' dives into the unexplained seeking the human connection. We ask how are monsters intimately connected to humans? How are human stories reflected in the strange stories about werewolves, ghosts, zombies, and demons? Do stories about angels inspire people? Can studying the history behind monsters and angels help us to understand ourselves better? What happens when human reasoning sleeps, and a window to our unconscious mind opens?&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Chapter navigation with TOC|Questions And Answers|Chapter One|TOC mini}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
{{bookcat}}</text>
      <sha1>s9kl8l1vbkbxke9kpx80fzf4yhmg2dj</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4680575</id>
      <parentid>4680572</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T21:25:32Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>3MMPEYTON</username>
        <id>3393808</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4680575</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4435" sha1="eozaazf2yk78pmb2qnuxdyx8cg9wx2m" xml:space="preserve">== Introduction To Monsters ==
Big and small, dark, light, or clear, monsters come in many sizes, shapes and colors. They appear in our early human stories as markings on cave walls. Monsters have frightened and stirred our imaginations. Monsters had inspired classically trained Artist who left monster images on stones, paintings, prints and in the form of carved statues.  Clearly monsters have enriched the human imagination, they have acted as mirrors for human fears, and as warnings. They have marked the outer limits, defining the limits of acceptable behavior. For example: If a person moved too far from &quot;normal&quot; behavior, acting in ways forbidden by social rules, they were then considered monstrous, even called a &quot;monster.&quot;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
Monsters have a meaning and a message for every cultural moment. They manifest in literature, they are shaped by folk stories. Monsters are created, and reinvented and reintroduced to a culture seeking better representation or better ways to reflect its horrors and fears. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
Monsters are constructed and reconstructed in a cycle that exists across many historic periods. &lt;br&gt;
One way to begin defining monsters is by categorize them according to types. &lt;br&gt;
 
'''Types of monsters:'''

1. '''Undead And Spirits:''' &lt;br&gt;
- Vampires: Immoral, fanged, undead human-like creatures that feed on blood. (Examples: Dracula, Strigoi).   &lt;br&gt;
- Zombies: Reanimated, or cursed corpses with a strong hunger for flesh. &lt;br&gt;
- Ghosts And Specters: Disembodies souls or spirits that haunt the living. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
2. '''Human-Animal Hybrids And Shapeshifters:''' &lt;br&gt;
- Werewolves And Therianthropes: Humans that transform into beasts during a full moon. &lt;br&gt;
- Mythological Hybrids: Creatures combining human and animal characteristics (Example: Centaurs, Mermaids, Sirens) &lt;br&gt;
- Yokai And Folklore Spirits: Japanese and Asian phantoms and shapeshifters. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
3. '''Giants, Ogres And Humanoids:''' &lt;br&gt;
- Giants And Cyclopes: Massive human-like creatures found in mythology. &lt;br&gt;
- Goblins, Trolls And Gnomes: Mischievous, tiny or mid-sized humanoids found in the woodlands.  &lt;br&gt;
- Ogres And Man-Eaters: Large, savage humanoids known for eating people. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
4. '''Beasts, Dragons And Sea Monsters:''' &lt;br&gt;
- Dragons And Serpents: Reptilian, fire-breathing, or flying giant beasts. Found mainly in Western and Eastern traditions. &lt;br&gt;
- Water And Lake Monsters: Aquatic creatures lurking in deep waters. (Example: Loch Ness Monster). &lt;br&gt;
- Cryptids: Modern mythical animals reported by witnesses. (Example: Bigfoot, Chupacabra). &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
5. '''Demons, Fiends And Cosmic Entities:''' &lt;br&gt;
- Demons And Devils: Malevolent spiritual or underworld forces. &lt;br&gt;
- Lovecraftian / Tabletop Classifications: Systematic categories used in fantasy games like Dungeons &amp; Dragons. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
Historically, a monster was something shown to people in order to teach them a lesson, or to signal danger, or to reveal a moral truth. Mythological monsters, and creatures found primarily in folklore teach people.&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
Monsters also emerge from individuals who are processing their trauma, or from people seeking to handle their physical or mental illnesses. Trama monsters manifest as a way to handle painful emotions. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
Today monsters are considered fictitious, thanks largely to Science. Scientists look for proof that monsters exist. They engage in myth busting, using scientific methods to prove that popular beliefs about monsters are false, or different from traditional beliefs. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
Many academic fields analyze monsters, such as Anthropology, Literature, Media Studies, Psychology, and Sociology. &lt;br&gt;
Scholars and theorists consider what monstrosity is and how it functions.  &lt;br&gt;
Monster theory was named in 1996 by Jeffery Cohen in his ''Monster Theory: Reading Culture.'' &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
''About Monsters and Angels'' dives into the unexplained seeking the human connection. We ask how are monsters intimately connected to humans? How are human stories reflected in the strange stories about werewolves, ghosts, zombies, and demons? Do stories about angels inspire people? Can studying the history behind monsters and angels help us to understand ourselves better? What happens when human reasoning sleeps, and a window to our unconscious mind opens?&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Chapter navigation with TOC|Questions And Answers|Chapter One|TOC mini}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
{{bookcat}}</text>
      <sha1>eozaazf2yk78pmb2qnuxdyx8cg9wx2m</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4680576</id>
      <parentid>4680575</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T21:27:03Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>3MMPEYTON</username>
        <id>3393808</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4680576</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4436" sha1="rvh82ll03i9kk7ci0z6dgi9lsi1dd19" xml:space="preserve">== Introduction To Monsters ==
Big and small, dark, light, or clear, monsters come in many sizes, shapes and colors. They appear in our early human stories as markings on cave walls. Monsters have frightened and stirred our imaginations. Monsters had inspired classically trained Artist who left monster images on stones, paintings, prints and in the form of carved statues.  Clearly monsters have enriched the human imagination, they have acted as mirrors for human fears, and as warnings. They have marked the outer limits, defining the limits of acceptable behavior. For example: If a person moved too far from &quot;normal&quot; behavior, acting in ways forbidden by social rules, they were then considered monstrous, even called a &quot;monster.&quot;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
Monsters have a meaning and a message for every cultural moment. They manifest in literature, they are shaped by folk stories. Monsters are created, and reinvented and reintroduced to a culture seeking better representation or better ways to reflect its horrors and fears. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
Monsters are constructed and reconstructed in a cycle that exists across many historic periods. &lt;br&gt;
One way to begin defining monsters is by categorize them according to types. &lt;br&gt;
 
'''Types of monsters:'''

1. '''Undead And Spirits:''' &lt;br&gt;
- Vampires: Immoral, fanged, undead human-like creatures that feed on blood. (Examples: Dracula, Strigoi).   &lt;br&gt;
- Zombies: Reanimated, or cursed corpses with a strong hunger for flesh. &lt;br&gt;
- Ghosts And Specters: Disembodies souls or spirits that haunt the living. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
2. '''Human-Animal Hybrids And Shapeshifters:''' &lt;br&gt;
- Werewolves And Therianthropes: Humans that transform into beasts during a full moon. &lt;br&gt;
- Mythological Hybrids: Creatures combining human and animal characteristics (Example: Centaurs, Mermaids, Sirens) &lt;br&gt;
- Yokai And Folklore Spirits: Japanese and Asian phantoms and shapeshifters. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
3. '''Giants, Ogres And Humanoids:''' &lt;br&gt;
- Giants And Cyclopes: Massive human-like creatures found in mythology. &lt;br&gt;
- Goblins, Trolls And Gnomes: Mischievous, tiny or mid-sized humanoids found in the woodlands.  &lt;br&gt;
- Ogres And Man-Eaters: Large, savage humanoids known for eating people. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
4. '''Beasts, Dragons And Sea Monsters:''' &lt;br&gt;
- Dragons And Serpents: Reptilian, fire-breathing, or flying giant beasts. Found mainly in Western and Eastern traditions. &lt;br&gt;
- Water And Lake Monsters: Aquatic creatures lurking in deep waters. (Example: Loch Ness Monster). &lt;br&gt;
- Cryptids: Modern mythical animals reported by witnesses. (Example: Bigfoot, Chupacabra). &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
5. '''Demons, Fiends And Cosmic Entities:''' &lt;br&gt;
- Demons And Devils: Malevolent spiritual or underworld forces. &lt;br&gt;
- Lovecraftian / Tabletop Classifications: Systematic categories used in fantasy games like Dungeons &amp; Dragons. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
Historically, a monster was something shown to people in order to teach them a lesson, or to signal danger, or to reveal a moral truth. Mythological monsters, and creatures found primarily in folklore teach people.&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
Monsters also emerge from individuals who are processing their trauma, or from people seeking to handle their physical or mental illnesses. Trama monsters manifest as a way to handle painful emotions. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
Today, monsters are considered fictitious, thanks largely to Science. Scientists look for proof that monsters exist. They engage in myth busting, using scientific methods to prove that popular beliefs about monsters are false, or different from traditional beliefs. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
Many academic fields analyze monsters, such as Anthropology, Literature, Media Studies, Psychology, and Sociology. &lt;br&gt;
Scholars and theorists consider what monstrosity is and how it functions.  &lt;br&gt;
Monster theory was named in 1996 by Jeffery Cohen in his ''Monster Theory: Reading Culture.'' &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
''About Monsters and Angels'' dives into the unexplained seeking the human connection. We ask how are monsters intimately connected to humans? How are human stories reflected in the strange stories about werewolves, ghosts, zombies, and demons? Do stories about angels inspire people? Can studying the history behind monsters and angels help us to understand ourselves better? What happens when human reasoning sleeps, and a window to our unconscious mind opens?&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Chapter navigation with TOC|Questions And Answers|Chapter One|TOC mini}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
{{bookcat}}</text>
      <sha1>rvh82ll03i9kk7ci0z6dgi9lsi1dd19</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4680577</id>
      <parentid>4680576</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T21:28:25Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>3MMPEYTON</username>
        <id>3393808</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4680577</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4506" sha1="66k5urxcnon55ge5zhpcmsj6uc12733" xml:space="preserve">== Introduction To Monsters ==
Big and small, dark, light, or clear, monsters come in many sizes, shapes and colors. They appear in our early human stories as markings on cave walls. Monsters have frightened and stirred our imaginations. Monsters had inspired classically trained Artist who left monster images on stones, paintings, prints and in the form of carved statues.  Clearly monsters have enriched the human imagination, they have acted as mirrors for human fears, and as warnings. They have marked the outer limits, defining the limits of acceptable behavior. For example: If a person moved too far from &quot;normal&quot; behavior, acting in ways forbidden by social rules, they were then considered monstrous, even called a &quot;monster.&quot;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
Monsters have a meaning and a message for every cultural moment. They manifest in literature, they are shaped by folk stories. Monsters are created, and reinvented and reintroduced to a culture seeking better representation or better ways to reflect its horrors and fears. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
Monsters are constructed and reconstructed in a cycle that exists across many historic periods. &lt;br&gt;
One way to begin defining monsters is by categorize them according to types. &lt;br&gt;
 
'''Types of monsters:'''

1. '''Undead And Spirits:''' &lt;br&gt;
- Vampires: Immoral, fanged, undead human-like creatures that feed on blood. (Examples: Dracula, Strigoi).   &lt;br&gt;
- Zombies: Reanimated, or cursed corpses with a strong hunger for flesh. &lt;br&gt;
- Ghosts And Specters: Disembodies souls or spirits that haunt the living. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
2. '''Human-Animal Hybrids And Shapeshifters:''' &lt;br&gt;
- Werewolves And Therianthropes: Humans that transform into beasts during a full moon. &lt;br&gt;
- Mythological Hybrids: Creatures combining human and animal characteristics (Example: Centaurs, Mermaids, Sirens) &lt;br&gt;
- Yokai And Folklore Spirits: Japanese and Asian phantoms and shapeshifters. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
3. '''Giants, Ogres And Humanoids:''' &lt;br&gt;
- Giants And Cyclopes: Massive human-like creatures found in mythology. &lt;br&gt;
- Goblins, Trolls And Gnomes: Mischievous, tiny or mid-sized humanoids found in the woodlands.  &lt;br&gt;
- Ogres And Man-Eaters: Large, savage humanoids known for eating people. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
4. '''Beasts, Dragons And Sea Monsters:''' &lt;br&gt;
- Dragons And Serpents: Reptilian, fire-breathing, or flying giant beasts. Found mainly in Western and Eastern traditions. &lt;br&gt;
- Water And Lake Monsters: Aquatic creatures lurking in deep waters. (Example: Loch Ness Monster). &lt;br&gt;
- Cryptids: Modern mythical animals reported by witnesses. (Example: Bigfoot, Chupacabra). &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
5. '''Demons, Fiends And Cosmic Entities:''' &lt;br&gt;
- Demons And Devils: Malevolent spiritual or underworld forces. &lt;br&gt;
- Lovecraftian / Tabletop Classifications: Systematic categories used in fantasy games like Dungeons &amp; Dragons. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
Historically, a monster was something shown to people in order to teach them a lesson, or to signal danger, or to reveal a moral truth. Mythological monsters, and creatures found primarily in folklore teach people.&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
Monsters also emerge from individuals who are processing their trauma, or from people seeking to handle their physical or mental illnesses. Trama monsters manifest as a way to handle painful emotions. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
Today, monsters are considered fictitious, thanks largely to Science. Scientists look for proof that monsters exist. They engage in myth busting, using scientific methods to prove that popular beliefs about monsters are false, or different from traditional beliefs. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
Although considered fictitious, monsters continue to be studied. &lt;br&gt;
Many academic fields analyze monsters, such as Anthropology, Literature, Media Studies, Psychology, and Sociology. &lt;br&gt;
Scholars and theorists consider what monstrosity is and how it functions.  &lt;br&gt;
Monster theory was named in 1996 by Jeffery Cohen in his ''Monster Theory: Reading Culture.'' &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
''About Monsters and Angels'' dives into the unexplained seeking the human connection. We ask how are monsters intimately connected to humans? How are human stories reflected in the strange stories about werewolves, ghosts, zombies, and demons? Do stories about angels inspire people? Can studying the history behind monsters and angels help us to understand ourselves better? What happens when human reasoning sleeps, and a window to our unconscious mind opens?&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Chapter navigation with TOC|Questions And Answers|Chapter One|TOC mini}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
{{bookcat}}</text>
      <sha1>66k5urxcnon55ge5zhpcmsj6uc12733</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>About Monsters And Angels/Chapter Two</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>486425</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4680389</id>
      <parentid>4677129</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T13:12:26Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>3MMPEYTON</username>
        <id>3393808</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4680389</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="9609" sha1="p2sd58uz5idk4rd705j1rjjb5nvyrdb" xml:space="preserve">== Chapter Two: Monsters And Their Human Origin ==
A '''monster''' is a frightening, grotesque, or fictional creature, an exceptionally cruel person, or anything of unusually large or powerful scale. [1] &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
The Munsters, Stranger Things, The Exorcist, Poltergeist, Shaun of the Dead. We love monsters, they are part of a large film and Entertainment industry. Around the world, monsters appear in films and on TV shows. They pop-up, taking forms that range from ghosts and demons, to zombies, werewolves, and hungry-spirits. Although these monsters are described as supernatural, able to cross the barriers that separate the dead from the living, many monster traditions originated from human experiences. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
This wikibook explores the concept that monsters are kind of human, merely symbolic expressions of human fears, behaviors, or cultural change. &lt;br&gt;
By closely examining the human origin of monster myths, readers may understand how they developed, why these stories persist, and why they mutate over time.&lt;br&gt;
=== Monsters As Cultural Expression: ===

Monsters are not just the creations of individuals. Monsters emerge from cultural environments and reflect shared concerns within a community. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
When people are concerned about events occurring in their neighborhood, or in their society, they may express their concerns indirectly, by sharing short stories, poetry, Art, even comic drawings that address their concerns. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
Monsters are associated with taboo behavior, meaning actions that are considered dangerous, behaviors that are often socially forbidden. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
In an interview with Michael Connerty, Emil Ferris, the author of the graphic novel: My Favorite Things Is Monsters: Book One, talks candidly about sexuality and horror movies. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
Michael Connerty: There are a lot of very powerful images that punctuate both books, cent[e]red on women and violence – some come from classical painting, some in the form of your imaginary comic book covers.

Emil Ferris: I grew up with that, I mean you saw women portrayed in a particular way, and horror comics always used women, and horror movies did too, where there was this sexualization of a woman before she was murdered, which is really a very frightening thing to do. And Karen and Deeze talk about that, I mean they talk about the sexualization of brutality, you know, which is often the brutality of sex, when it's negative, when it's assault. It's just something that has to be pointed out. I like the fact that they have that conversation, because I think more people need to have that conversation with their sons and their daughters. They need to talk about those things but we're so afraid to talk about those things, and we have to. We have to because it's so hard for children to figure out, 'well, how do I negotiate this world?' It's just really good to be frank about these things.
[2] &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
The common sources of monsters include: &lt;br&gt;
- Trauma: events that leave an emotional or physical response, usually deeply harmful, disturbing, or overwhelming. &lt;br&gt;
- Illness: physical or mental poor health interpreted through symbolic stories. &lt;br&gt;
- Social conflict: tensions within families, communities, or societies. &lt;br&gt;
- Taboo behavior: actions considered dangerous or forbidden. &lt;br&gt;
- Environmental conditions: landscapes, climate, or natural hazards. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt; [[File:Hip Hop Meeting Málaga (Drak-Baros-Elalfil, 2023) 04.jpg|thumb|Hip Hop Meeting Málaga (Drak-Baros-Elalfil, 2023) 04]]
Monsters come from trauma, illness, social conflicts, behaviors that are taboo, and social conflict. They are born from our darkest release. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
'''The Trama Monster:''' &lt;br&gt;
Trama survivors may see visions of monsters in their nightmares or daydreams. They may experience a form of post-traumatic stress, whereby anxiety lingers long after the traumatic event has ended. In Psychology, monsters may be symbols for unspoken or unprocessed trauma. Monster imagery in film and literature serves as a tangible manifestation of psychological trauma, repressed grief, and existential threat. [3] &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
In psychological studies, monsters represent the breakdown of pre-trauma assumptions about safety, self, and the world. It seems the world is safe and known until a monster appears. &lt;br&gt;
Unprocessed pain can be projected outwards, into a tangible, symbolic &quot;monster&quot; which allows the mind to shape, grasp, or manipulate the invisible terror inside. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
Toby Allen, a popular Illustrator, started The &quot;Real Monsters&quot; Project, an Art project he started by illustrating his mental health disorders, such as anxiety, depression and social phobia, as fantasy creatures. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
In Monsters, a blog about monsters, Allen talks about the inspiration behind the &quot;Real Monsters&quot; project: &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
Interviewer: What is the inspiration behind your art? Why did you choose to depict mental illnesses as monsters? &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
Toby Allen: The Real Monsters project originated from imagining my own anxieties as monsters and finding it to be a really therapeutic process. It made them feel weaker, and I was able to look at my own anxiety in an almost comical way. I wanted to expand upon this idea and draw other representations of mental illnesses that could help people in the same way it helped me. [4] &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
A similar concept can be understood in ''The Babadook'' (2015), a film directed by Jennifer Kent. In ''The Babadook'', following her husband's violent death, a mother's repressed grief and clinical depression is personified as an entity that feeds on denial. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
Research in clinical psychology notes that cinematic or internal &quot;monsters&quot; serve as a tangible symbol for post-traumatic stress and anxiety. These symbolic &quot;monsters&quot; represent a subtle threat that a person must confront and master in order to achieve emotional balance. [3] &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
'''Monsters associated with illnesses''':&lt;br&gt;
Monsters are often seen as cultural or physical manifestations of real world physical and mental illnesses that pre-modern societies could not explain. &lt;br&gt;
Human societies, along with most diseases, existed before microscopes. Without modern scientific tools, human understanding of disease -- such as how they multiplied, or how they were passed -- was small and strongly linked with the supernatural. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt; 
In the BBC article ''The Real-Life Diseases That Spread The Vampire Myth'', Stephen Dowling writes about vampires and porphyria (a genetic disorder): &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
Take porphyria, for instance, which affects heme, the chemical compound which helps make up the haemoglobin found in our blood. The patients suffer itching, rashes and blisters every time their skin is exposed to sunlight. In the very worst – and thankfully, very rare – cases, the gums recede from the teeth, making them appear far more prominent. Their bodily waste takes on a purple hue, like that of undigested blood. And the effects of sensitivity to light can be so severe that sufferers lose their ears and noses – a physiognomy echoed in the looks of vampires such as Nosferatu. [5] &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
Porphyria is a rare genetic disorder, described by Desiree Lyon Howe of the American Porphyria Foundation, as being so rare &quot;there are probably no more than a few hundred of these severe cases in the entire world at any one time.&quot; [5] &lt;br&gt;
Although rare, in Medieval times, in remote and closed communities, the chance of porphyria surviving in a small gene pool was greater than today. The farming villages in Transylvania, now part of Romania, were ideal. Stories about vampires spread from eastern European regions, like Transylvania, westward. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
With little medical knowledge, medieval folks could have accused people suffering from porphyria of being vampires. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
Another disease associated with monsters is Werewolf Syndrome or Hypertrichosis, which is a condition characterized by dense, abnormal hair growth over the body. This condition may have started a few werewolf myths. [6] &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt; 
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+ Hypertrichosis
|-
!  !!  !! 
|-
| [[File:Joris Hoefnagel - Animalia Rationalia et Insecta (Ignis)- Plate I.jpg|thumb|Petrus Gonsalvus and his wife Catherine (c. 1575) by Joris Hoefnagel. Watercolor and gouache. National Gallery of Art, Washington D.C.]] || [[File:Polytrichia J.? Homo pilosus. Adr. Evtikhiev..JPG|thumb|Polytrichia J.? Homo pilosus. Adr. Evtikhiev.]] || [[File:Die Gartenlaube (1874) b 061.jpg|thumb|Die Gartenlaube (1874) b 061]]
|}
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;

=== Reference: ===
1. Dictionary.com. Monster. In Dictionary.com. Retrieved October 14, 2026, from https://www.dictionary.com/browse/monster

2. Connerty, Michael. Scary monsters and super creeps: An interview with Emil Ferris. Published in Studies in Comics, Jan 2025, Art Source &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
3. Hamilton, Jenny. Monsters and posttraumatic stress: an experiential-processing model of monster imagery in psychological therapy, film and television. November 5, 2020 In Nature.com https://www.nature.com/articles/s41599-020-00628-2 &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
4. Real Monsters project. February 6, 2026. Monsters https://dstrl.org/RealMonsters/real-monsters-project &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
5. Dowling, Stephen. October 31, 2016. ''The real-life diseases that spread the vampire myth''. BBC.com https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20161031-the-real-life-disease-that-spread-the-vampire-myth &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
6. &quot;Hypertrichosis.&quot; October 8, 2026. In Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypertrichosis &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt; 
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Chapter navigation with TOC|Chapter One|Chapter Two_Part_Two|TOC mini}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>p2sd58uz5idk4rd705j1rjjb5nvyrdb</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4680393</id>
      <parentid>4680389</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T13:17:46Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>3MMPEYTON</username>
        <id>3393808</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4680393</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="9609" sha1="s2bca3yxxoxa86ssn79g9z1r6595t4q" xml:space="preserve">== Chapter Two: Monsters And Their Human Origin ==
A '''monster''' is a frightening, grotesque, or fictional creature, an exceptionally cruel person, or anything of unusually large or powerful scale. [1] &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
The Munsters, Stranger Things, The Exorcist, Poltergeist, Shaun of the Dead. We love monsters, they are part of a large film and Entertainment industry. Around the world, monsters appear in films and on TV shows. They pop-up, taking forms that range from ghosts and demons, to zombies, werewolves, and hungry-spirits. Although these monsters are described as supernatural, able to cross the barriers that separate the dead from the living, many monster traditions originated from human experiences. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
This wikibook explores the concept that monsters are kind of human, merely symbolic expressions of human fears, behaviors, or cultural change. &lt;br&gt;
By closely examining the human origin of monster myths, readers may understand how they developed, why these stories persist, and why they mutate over time.&lt;br&gt;
=== Monsters As Cultural Expression: ===

Monsters are not just the creations of individuals. Monsters emerge from cultural environments and reflect shared concerns within a community. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
When people are concerned about events occurring in their neighborhood, or in their society, they may express their concerns indirectly, by sharing short stories, poetry, Art, even comic drawings that address their concerns. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
Monsters are associated with taboo behavior, meaning actions that are considered dangerous, behaviors that are often socially forbidden. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
In an interview with Michael Connerty, Emil Ferris, the author of the graphic novel: My Favorite Things Is Monsters: Book One, talks candidly about sexuality and horror movies. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
Michael Connerty: There are a lot of very powerful images that punctuate both books, cent[e]red on women and violence – some come from classical painting, some in the form of your imaginary comic book covers.

Emil Ferris: I grew up with that, I mean you saw women portrayed in a particular way, and horror comics always used women, and horror movies did too, where there was this sexualization of a woman before she was murdered, which is really a very frightening thing to do. And Karen and Deeze talk about that, I mean they talk about the sexualization of brutality, you know, which is often the brutality of sex, when it's negative, when it's assault. It's just something that has to be pointed out. I like the fact that they have that conversation, because I think more people need to have that conversation with their sons and their daughters. They need to talk about those things but we're so afraid to talk about those things, and we have to. We have to because it's so hard for children to figure out, 'well, how do I negotiate this world?' It's just really good to be frank about these things.
[2] &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
The common sources of monsters include: &lt;br&gt;
- Trauma: events that leave an emotional or physical response, usually deeply harmful, disturbing, or overwhelming. &lt;br&gt;
- Illness: physical or mental poor health interpreted through symbolic stories. &lt;br&gt;
- Social conflict: tensions within families, communities, or societies. &lt;br&gt;
- Taboo behavior: actions considered dangerous or forbidden. &lt;br&gt;
- Environmental conditions: landscapes, climate, or natural hazards. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt; [[File:Hip Hop Meeting Málaga (Drak-Baros-Elalfil, 2023) 04.jpg|thumb|Hip Hop Meeting Málaga (Drak-Baros-Elalfil, 2023) 04]]
Monsters come from trauma, illness, social conflicts, behaviors that are taboo, and social conflict. They are born from our darkest release. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
'''The Trama Monster:''' &lt;br&gt;
Trama survivors may see visions of monsters in their nightmares or daydreams. They may experience a form of post-traumatic stress, whereby anxiety lingers long after the traumatic event has ended. In Psychology, monsters may be symbols for unspoken or unprocessed trauma. Monster imagery in film and literature serves as a tangible manifestation of psychological trauma, repressed grief, and existential threat. [3] &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
In psychological studies, monsters represent the breakdown of pre-trauma assumptions about safety, self, and the world. It seems the world is safe and known until a monster appears. &lt;br&gt;
Unprocessed pain can be projected outwards, into a tangible, symbolic &quot;monster&quot; which allows the mind to shape, grasp, or manipulate the invisible terror inside. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
Toby Allen, a popular Illustrator, started The &quot;Real Monsters&quot; Project, an Art project he started by illustrating his mental health disorders, such as anxiety, depression and social phobia, as fantasy creatures. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
In Monsters, a blog about monsters, Allen talks about the inspiration behind the &quot;Real Monsters&quot; project: &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
Interviewer: What is the inspiration behind your art? Why did you choose to depict mental illnesses as monsters? &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
Toby Allen: The Real Monsters project originated from imagining my own anxieties as monsters and finding it to be a really therapeutic process. It made them feel weaker, and I was able to look at my own anxiety in an almost comical way. I wanted to expand upon this idea and draw other representations of mental illnesses that could help people in the same way it helped me. [4] &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
A similar concept can be understood in ''The Babadook'' (2015), a film directed by Jennifer Kent. In ''The Babadook'', following her husband's violent death, a mother's repressed grief and clinical depression is personified as an entity that feeds on denial. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
Research in clinical psychology notes that cinematic or internal &quot;monsters&quot; serve as a tangible symbol for post-traumatic stress and anxiety. These symbolic &quot;monsters&quot; represent a subtle threat that a person must confront and master in order to achieve emotional balance. [3] &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
'''Monsters associated with illnesses''':&lt;br&gt;
Monsters are often seen as cultural or physical manifestations of real world physical and mental illnesses that pre-modern societies could not explain. &lt;br&gt;
Human societies, along with most diseases, existed before microscopes. Without modern scientific tools, human understanding of disease -- such as how they multiplied, or how they were passed -- was small and strongly linked with the supernatural. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt; 
In the BBC article ''The Real-Life Diseases That Spread The Vampire Myth'', Stephen Dowling writes about vampires and porphyria (a genetic disorder): &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
Take porphyria, for instance, which affects heme, the chemical compound which helps make up the haemoglobin found in our blood. The patients suffer itching, rashes and blisters every time their skin is exposed to sunlight. In the very worst – and thankfully, very rare – cases, the gums recede from the teeth, making them appear far more prominent. Their bodily waste takes on a purple hue, like that of undigested blood. And the effects of sensitivity to light can be so severe that sufferers lose their ears and noses – a physiognomy echoed in the looks of vampires such as Nosferatu. [5] &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
Porphyria is a rare genetic disorder, described by Desiree Lyon Howe of the American Porphyria Foundation, as being so rare &quot;there are probably no more than a few hundred of these severe cases in the entire world at any one time.&quot; [5] &lt;br&gt;
Although rare, in Medieval times, in remote and closed communities, the chance of porphyria surviving in a small gene pool was greater than today. The farming villages in Transylvania, now part of Romania, were ideal. Stories about vampires spread from eastern European regions, like Transylvania, westward. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
With little medical knowledge, medieval folks could have accused people suffering from porphyria of being vampires. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
Another disease associated with monsters is Werewolf Syndrome or Hypertrichosis, which is a condition characterized by dense, abnormal hair growth over the body. This condition may have started a few werewolf myths. [6] &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt; 
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+ Hypertrichosis
|-
!  !!  !! 
|-
| [[File:Joris Hoefnagel - Animalia Rationalia et Insecta (Ignis)- Plate I.jpg|thumb|Petrus Gonsalvus and his wife Catherine (c. 1575) by Joris Hoefnagel. Watercolor and gouache. National Gallery of Art, Washington D.C.]] || [[File:Polytrichia J.? Homo pilosus. Adr. Evtikhiev..JPG|thumb|Polytrichia J.? Homo pilosus. Adr. Evtikhiev.]] || [[File:Die Gartenlaube (1874) b 061.jpg|thumb|Die Gartenlaube (1874) b 061]]
|}
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;

=== Reference: ===
1. Dictionary.com. Monster. In Dictionary.com. Retrieved October 14, 2026, from https://www.dictionary.com/browse/monster

2. Connerty, Michael. Scary monsters and super creeps: An interview with Emil Ferris. Published in Studies in Comics, Jan 2025, Art Source &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
3. Hamilton, Jenny. Monsters and posttraumatic stress: an experiential-processing model of monster imagery in psychological therapy, film and television. November 5, 2020 In Nature.com https://www.nature.com/articles/s41599-020-00628-2 &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
4. Real Monsters project. February 6, 2026. Monsters https://dstrl.org/RealMonsters/real-monsters-project &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
5. Dowling, Stephen. October 31, 2016. ''The real-life diseases that spread the vampire myth''. BBC.com https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20161031-the-real-life-disease-that-spread-the-vampire-myth &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
6. &quot;Hypertrichosis.&quot; October 8, 2026. In Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypertrichosis &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt; 
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Chapter navigation with TOC|Chapter One|Chapter Two Part Two|TOC mini}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>s2bca3yxxoxa86ssn79g9z1r6595t4q</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4680422</id>
      <parentid>4680393</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T15:05:20Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>3MMPEYTON</username>
        <id>3393808</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4680422</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="9721" sha1="d4wx6keu0pm1k06i85k1wy83265173z" xml:space="preserve">== Chapter Two: Monsters And Their Human Origin ==
A '''monster''' is a frightening, grotesque, or fictional creature, an exceptionally cruel person, or anything of unusually large or powerful scale. [1] &lt;br&gt;
[[File:Enrag'd Monster MET DP828504.jpg|thumb|Enrag'd Monster, print, John Hamilton Mortimer (MET, 53.638.20)]]
&lt;br&gt;
The Munsters, Stranger Things, The Exorcist, Poltergeist, Shaun of the Dead. We love monsters, they are part of a large film and Entertainment industry. Around the world, monsters appear in films and on TV shows. They pop-up, taking forms that range from ghosts and demons, to zombies, werewolves, and hungry-spirits. Although these monsters are described as supernatural, able to cross the barriers that separate the dead from the living, many monster traditions originated from human experiences. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
This wikibook explores the concept that monsters are kind of human, merely symbolic expressions of human fears, behaviors, or cultural change. &lt;br&gt;
By closely examining the human origin of monster myths, readers may understand how they developed, why these stories persist, and why they mutate over time.&lt;br&gt;
=== Monsters As Cultural Expression: ===

Monsters are not just the creations of individuals. Monsters emerge from cultural environments and reflect shared concerns within a community. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
When people are concerned about events occurring in their neighborhood, or in their society, they may express their concerns indirectly, by sharing short stories, poetry, Art, even comic drawings that address their concerns. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
Monsters are associated with taboo behavior, meaning actions that are considered dangerous, behaviors that are often socially forbidden. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
In an interview with Michael Connerty, Emil Ferris, the author of the graphic novel: My Favorite Things Is Monsters: Book One, talks candidly about sexuality and horror movies. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
Michael Connerty: There are a lot of very powerful images that punctuate both books, cent[e]red on women and violence – some come from classical painting, some in the form of your imaginary comic book covers.

Emil Ferris: I grew up with that, I mean you saw women portrayed in a particular way, and horror comics always used women, and horror movies did too, where there was this sexualization of a woman before she was murdered, which is really a very frightening thing to do. And Karen and Deeze talk about that, I mean they talk about the sexualization of brutality, you know, which is often the brutality of sex, when it's negative, when it's assault. It's just something that has to be pointed out. I like the fact that they have that conversation, because I think more people need to have that conversation with their sons and their daughters. They need to talk about those things but we're so afraid to talk about those things, and we have to. We have to because it's so hard for children to figure out, 'well, how do I negotiate this world?' It's just really good to be frank about these things.
[2] &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
The common sources of monsters include: &lt;br&gt;
- Trauma: events that leave an emotional or physical response, usually deeply harmful, disturbing, or overwhelming. &lt;br&gt;
- Illness: physical or mental poor health interpreted through symbolic stories. &lt;br&gt;
- Social conflict: tensions within families, communities, or societies. &lt;br&gt;
- Taboo behavior: actions considered dangerous or forbidden. &lt;br&gt;
- Environmental conditions: landscapes, climate, or natural hazards. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt; [[File:Hip Hop Meeting Málaga (Drak-Baros-Elalfil, 2023) 04.jpg|thumb|Hip Hop Meeting Málaga (Drak-Baros-Elalfil, 2023) 04]]
Monsters come from trauma, illness, social conflicts, behaviors that are taboo, and social conflict. They are born from our darkest release. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
'''The Trama Monster:''' &lt;br&gt;
Trama survivors may see visions of monsters in their nightmares or daydreams. They may experience a form of post-traumatic stress, whereby anxiety lingers long after the traumatic event has ended. In Psychology, monsters may be symbols for unspoken or unprocessed trauma. Monster imagery in film and literature serves as a tangible manifestation of psychological trauma, repressed grief, and existential threat. [3] &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
In psychological studies, monsters represent the breakdown of pre-trauma assumptions about safety, self, and the world. It seems the world is safe and known until a monster appears. &lt;br&gt;
Unprocessed pain can be projected outwards, into a tangible, symbolic &quot;monster&quot; which allows the mind to shape, grasp, or manipulate the invisible terror inside. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
Toby Allen, a popular Illustrator, started The &quot;Real Monsters&quot; Project, an Art project he started by illustrating his mental health disorders, such as anxiety, depression and social phobia, as fantasy creatures. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
In Monsters, a blog about monsters, Allen talks about the inspiration behind the &quot;Real Monsters&quot; project: &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
Interviewer: What is the inspiration behind your art? Why did you choose to depict mental illnesses as monsters? &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
Toby Allen: The Real Monsters project originated from imagining my own anxieties as monsters and finding it to be a really therapeutic process. It made them feel weaker, and I was able to look at my own anxiety in an almost comical way. I wanted to expand upon this idea and draw other representations of mental illnesses that could help people in the same way it helped me. [4] &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
A similar concept can be understood in ''The Babadook'' (2015), a film directed by Jennifer Kent. In ''The Babadook'', following her husband's violent death, a mother's repressed grief and clinical depression is personified as an entity that feeds on denial. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
Research in clinical psychology notes that cinematic or internal &quot;monsters&quot; serve as a tangible symbol for post-traumatic stress and anxiety. These symbolic &quot;monsters&quot; represent a subtle threat that a person must confront and master in order to achieve emotional balance. [3] &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
'''Monsters associated with illnesses''':&lt;br&gt;
Monsters are often seen as cultural or physical manifestations of real world physical and mental illnesses that pre-modern societies could not explain. &lt;br&gt;
Human societies, along with most diseases, existed before microscopes. Without modern scientific tools, human understanding of disease -- such as how they multiplied, or how they were passed -- was small and strongly linked with the supernatural. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt; 
In the BBC article ''The Real-Life Diseases That Spread The Vampire Myth'', Stephen Dowling writes about vampires and porphyria (a genetic disorder): &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
Take porphyria, for instance, which affects heme, the chemical compound which helps make up the haemoglobin found in our blood. The patients suffer itching, rashes and blisters every time their skin is exposed to sunlight. In the very worst – and thankfully, very rare – cases, the gums recede from the teeth, making them appear far more prominent. Their bodily waste takes on a purple hue, like that of undigested blood. And the effects of sensitivity to light can be so severe that sufferers lose their ears and noses – a physiognomy echoed in the looks of vampires such as Nosferatu. [5] &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
Porphyria is a rare genetic disorder, described by Desiree Lyon Howe of the American Porphyria Foundation, as being so rare &quot;there are probably no more than a few hundred of these severe cases in the entire world at any one time.&quot; [5] &lt;br&gt;
Although rare, in Medieval times, in remote and closed communities, the chance of porphyria surviving in a small gene pool was greater than today. The farming villages in Transylvania, now part of Romania, were ideal. Stories about vampires spread from eastern European regions, like Transylvania, westward. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
With little medical knowledge, medieval folks could have accused people suffering from porphyria of being vampires. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
Another disease associated with monsters is Werewolf Syndrome or Hypertrichosis, which is a condition characterized by dense, abnormal hair growth over the body. This condition may have started a few werewolf myths. [6] &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt; 
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+ Hypertrichosis
|-
!  !!  !! 
|-
| [[File:Joris Hoefnagel - Animalia Rationalia et Insecta (Ignis)- Plate I.jpg|thumb|Petrus Gonsalvus and his wife Catherine (c. 1575) by Joris Hoefnagel. Watercolor and gouache. National Gallery of Art, Washington D.C.]] || [[File:Polytrichia J.? Homo pilosus. Adr. Evtikhiev..JPG|thumb|Polytrichia J.? Homo pilosus. Adr. Evtikhiev.]] || [[File:Die Gartenlaube (1874) b 061.jpg|thumb|Die Gartenlaube (1874) b 061]]
|}
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;

=== Reference: ===
1. Dictionary.com. Monster. In Dictionary.com. Retrieved October 14, 2026, from https://www.dictionary.com/browse/monster

2. Connerty, Michael. Scary monsters and super creeps: An interview with Emil Ferris. Published in Studies in Comics, Jan 2025, Art Source &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
3. Hamilton, Jenny. Monsters and posttraumatic stress: an experiential-processing model of monster imagery in psychological therapy, film and television. November 5, 2020 In Nature.com https://www.nature.com/articles/s41599-020-00628-2 &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
4. Real Monsters project. February 6, 2026. Monsters https://dstrl.org/RealMonsters/real-monsters-project &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
5. Dowling, Stephen. October 31, 2016. ''The real-life diseases that spread the vampire myth''. BBC.com https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20161031-the-real-life-disease-that-spread-the-vampire-myth &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
6. &quot;Hypertrichosis.&quot; October 8, 2026. In Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypertrichosis &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt; 
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Chapter navigation with TOC|Chapter One|Chapter Two Part Two|TOC mini}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>d4wx6keu0pm1k06i85k1wy83265173z</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4680423</id>
      <parentid>4680422</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T15:08:59Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>3MMPEYTON</username>
        <id>3393808</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4680423</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="9721" sha1="2cr3fqldomvuvemkvtggi3fkjq27z7j" xml:space="preserve">== Chapter Two: Monsters And Their Human Origin ==
A '''monster''' is a frightening, grotesque, or fictional creature, an exceptionally cruel person, or anything of unusually large or powerful scale. [1] &lt;br&gt;
[[File:Enrag'd Monster MET DP828504.jpg|thumb|Enrag'd Monster, print, John Hamilton Mortimer (MET, 53.638.20)]]
&lt;br&gt;
The Munsters, Stranger Things, The Exorcist, Poltergeist, Shaun of the Dead. We love monsters, they are part of a large film and Entertainment industry. Around the world, monsters appear in films and on TV shows. They pop-up, taking forms that range from ghosts and demons, to zombies, werewolves, and hungry-spirits. Although these monsters are described as supernatural, able to cross the barriers that separate the dead from the living, many monster traditions originated from human experiences. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
This wikibook explores the concept that monsters are kind of human, merely symbolic expressions of human fears, behaviors, or cultural change. &lt;br&gt;
By closely examining the human origin of monster myths, readers may understand how they developed, why these stories persist, and why they mutate over time.&lt;br&gt;
=== Monsters As Cultural Expression: ===

Monsters are not just the creations of individuals. Monsters emerge from cultural environments and reflect shared concerns within a community. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
When people are concerned about events occurring in their neighborhood, or in their society, they may express their concerns indirectly, by sharing short stories, poetry, Art, even comic drawings that address their concerns. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
Monsters are associated with taboo behavior, meaning actions that are considered dangerous, behaviors that are often socially forbidden. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
In an interview with Michael Connerty, Emil Ferris, the author of the graphic novel: My Favorite Things Is Monsters: Book One, talks candidly about sexuality and horror movies. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
Michael Connerty: There are a lot of very powerful images that punctuate both books, cent[e]red on women and violence – some come from classical painting, some in the form of your imaginary comic book covers.

Emil Ferris: I grew up with that, I mean you saw women portrayed in a particular way, and horror comics always used women, and horror movies did too, where there was this sexualization of a woman before she was murdered, which is really a very frightening thing to do. And Karen and Deeze talk about that, I mean they talk about the sexualization of brutality, you know, which is often the brutality of sex, when it's negative, when it's assault. It's just something that has to be pointed out. I like the fact that they have that conversation, because I think more people need to have that conversation with their sons and their daughters. They need to talk about those things but we're so afraid to talk about those things, and we have to. We have to because it's so hard for children to figure out, 'well, how do I negotiate this world?' It's just really good to be frank about these things.
[2] &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
The common sources of monsters include: &lt;br&gt;
- Trauma: events that leave an emotional or physical response, usually deeply harmful, disturbing, or overwhelming. &lt;br&gt;
- Illness: physical or mental poor health interpreted through symbolic stories. &lt;br&gt;
- Social conflict: tensions within families, communities, or societies. &lt;br&gt;
- Taboo behavior: actions considered dangerous or forbidden. &lt;br&gt;
- Environmental conditions: landscapes, climate, or natural hazards. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt; [[File:Hip Hop Meeting Málaga (Drak-Baros-Elalfil, 2023) 04.jpg|thumb|Hip Hop Meeting Málaga (Drak-Baros-Elalfil, 2023) 04]]
Monsters come from trauma, illness, social conflicts, behaviors that are taboo, and social conflict. They are born from our darkest release. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
'''The Trama Monster:''' &lt;br&gt;
Trama survivors may see visions of monsters in their nightmares or daydreams. They may experience a form of post-traumatic stress, whereby anxiety lingers long after the traumatic event has ended. In Psychology, monsters may be symbols for unspoken or unprocessed trauma. Monster imagery in film and literature serves as a tangible manifestation of psychological trauma, repressed grief, and existential threat. [3] &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
In Psychological studies, monsters represent the breakdown of pre-trauma assumptions about safety, self, and the world. It seems the world is safe and known until a monster appears. &lt;br&gt;
Unprocessed pain can be projected outwards, into a tangible, symbolic &quot;monster&quot; which allows the mind to shape, grasp, or manipulate the invisible terror inside. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
Toby Allen, a popular Illustrator, started The &quot;Real Monsters&quot; Project, an Art project he started by illustrating his mental health disorders, such as anxiety, depression and social phobia, as fantasy creatures. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
In Monsters, a blog about monsters, Allen talks about the inspiration behind the &quot;Real Monsters&quot; project: &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
Interviewer: What is the inspiration behind your art? Why did you choose to depict mental illnesses as monsters? &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
Toby Allen: The Real Monsters project originated from imagining my own anxieties as monsters and finding it to be a really therapeutic process. It made them feel weaker, and I was able to look at my own anxiety in an almost comical way. I wanted to expand upon this idea and draw other representations of mental illnesses that could help people in the same way it helped me. [4] &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
A similar concept can be understood in ''The Babadook'' (2015), a film directed by Jennifer Kent. In ''The Babadook'', following her husband's violent death, a mother's repressed grief and clinical depression is personified as an entity that feeds on denial. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
Research in clinical psychology notes that cinematic or internal &quot;monsters&quot; serve as a tangible symbol for post-traumatic stress and anxiety. These symbolic &quot;monsters&quot; represent a subtle threat that a person must confront and master in order to achieve emotional balance. [3] &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
'''Monsters associated with illnesses''':&lt;br&gt;
Monsters are often seen as cultural or physical manifestations of real world physical and mental illnesses that pre-modern societies could not explain. &lt;br&gt;
Human societies, along with most diseases, existed before microscopes. Without modern scientific tools, human understanding of disease -- such as how they multiplied, or how they were passed -- was small and strongly linked with the supernatural. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt; 
In the BBC article ''The Real-Life Diseases That Spread The Vampire Myth'', Stephen Dowling writes about vampires and porphyria (a genetic disorder): &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
Take porphyria, for instance, which affects heme, the chemical compound which helps make up the haemoglobin found in our blood. The patients suffer itching, rashes and blisters every time their skin is exposed to sunlight. In the very worst – and thankfully, very rare – cases, the gums recede from the teeth, making them appear far more prominent. Their bodily waste takes on a purple hue, like that of undigested blood. And the effects of sensitivity to light can be so severe that sufferers lose their ears and noses – a physiognomy echoed in the looks of vampires such as Nosferatu. [5] &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
Porphyria is a rare genetic disorder, described by Desiree Lyon Howe of the American Porphyria Foundation, as being so rare &quot;there are probably no more than a few hundred of these severe cases in the entire world at any one time.&quot; [5] &lt;br&gt;
Although rare, in Medieval times, in remote and closed communities, the chance of porphyria surviving in a small gene pool was greater than today. The farming villages in Transylvania, now part of Romania, were ideal. Stories about vampires spread from eastern European regions, like Transylvania, westward. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
With little medical knowledge, medieval folks could have accused people suffering from porphyria of being vampires. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
Another disease associated with monsters is Werewolf Syndrome or Hypertrichosis, which is a condition characterized by dense, abnormal hair growth over the body. This condition may have started a few werewolf myths. [6] &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt; 
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+ Hypertrichosis
|-
!  !!  !! 
|-
| [[File:Joris Hoefnagel - Animalia Rationalia et Insecta (Ignis)- Plate I.jpg|thumb|Petrus Gonsalvus and his wife Catherine (c. 1575) by Joris Hoefnagel. Watercolor and gouache. National Gallery of Art, Washington D.C.]] || [[File:Polytrichia J.? Homo pilosus. Adr. Evtikhiev..JPG|thumb|Polytrichia J.? Homo pilosus. Adr. Evtikhiev.]] || [[File:Die Gartenlaube (1874) b 061.jpg|thumb|Die Gartenlaube (1874) b 061]]
|}
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;

=== Reference: ===
1. Dictionary.com. Monster. In Dictionary.com. Retrieved October 14, 2026, from https://www.dictionary.com/browse/monster

2. Connerty, Michael. Scary monsters and super creeps: An interview with Emil Ferris. Published in Studies in Comics, Jan 2025, Art Source &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
3. Hamilton, Jenny. Monsters and posttraumatic stress: an experiential-processing model of monster imagery in psychological therapy, film and television. November 5, 2020 In Nature.com https://www.nature.com/articles/s41599-020-00628-2 &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
4. Real Monsters project. February 6, 2026. Monsters https://dstrl.org/RealMonsters/real-monsters-project &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
5. Dowling, Stephen. October 31, 2016. ''The real-life diseases that spread the vampire myth''. BBC.com https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20161031-the-real-life-disease-that-spread-the-vampire-myth &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
6. &quot;Hypertrichosis.&quot; October 8, 2026. In Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypertrichosis &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt; 
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Chapter navigation with TOC|Chapter One|Chapter Two Part Two|TOC mini}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>2cr3fqldomvuvemkvtggi3fkjq27z7j</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4680424</id>
      <parentid>4680423</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T15:10:49Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>3MMPEYTON</username>
        <id>3393808</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4680424</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="9757" sha1="t3aqhbo27rizeiqhl7bi2g0fjqfsxln" xml:space="preserve">== Chapter Two: Monsters And Their Human Origin ==
A '''monster''' is a frightening, grotesque, or fictional creature, an exceptionally cruel person, or anything of unusually large or powerful scale. [1] &lt;br&gt;
[[File:Enrag'd Monster MET DP828504.jpg|thumb|Enrag'd Monster, print, John Hamilton Mortimer (MET, 53.638.20)]]
&lt;br&gt;
The Munsters, Stranger Things, The Exorcist, Poltergeist, Shaun of the Dead. We love monsters, they are part of a large film and Entertainment industry. Around the world, monsters appear in films and on TV shows. They pop-up, taking forms that range from ghosts and demons, to zombies, werewolves, and hungry-spirits. Although these monsters are described as supernatural, able to cross the barriers that separate the dead from the living, many monster traditions originated from human experiences. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
This wikibook explores the concept that monsters are kind of human, merely symbolic expressions of human fears, behaviors, or cultural change. &lt;br&gt;
By closely examining the human origin of monster myths, readers may understand how they developed, why these stories persist, and why they mutate over time.&lt;br&gt;
=== Monsters As Cultural Expression: ===

Monsters are not just the creations of individuals. Monsters emerge from cultural environments and reflect shared concerns within a community. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
When people are concerned about events occurring in their neighborhood, or in their society, they may express their concerns indirectly, by sharing short stories, poetry, Art, even comic drawings that address their concerns. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
Monsters are associated with taboo behavior, meaning actions that are considered dangerous, behaviors that are often socially forbidden. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
In an interview with Michael Connerty, Emil Ferris, the author of the graphic novel: My Favorite Things Is Monsters: Book One, talks candidly about sexuality and horror movies. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
Michael Connerty: There are a lot of very powerful images that punctuate both books, cent[e]red on women and violence – some come from classical painting, some in the form of your imaginary comic book covers.

Emil Ferris: I grew up with that, I mean you saw women portrayed in a particular way, and horror comics always used women, and horror movies did too, where there was this sexualization of a woman before she was murdered, which is really a very frightening thing to do. And Karen and Deeze talk about that, I mean they talk about the sexualization of brutality, you know, which is often the brutality of sex, when it's negative, when it's assault. It's just something that has to be pointed out. I like the fact that they have that conversation, because I think more people need to have that conversation with their sons and their daughters. They need to talk about those things but we're so afraid to talk about those things, and we have to. We have to because it's so hard for children to figure out, 'well, how do I negotiate this world?' It's just really good to be frank about these things.
[2] &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
'''The common sources of monsters include''': &lt;br&gt;
- '''Trauma:''' events that leave an emotional or physical response, usually deeply harmful, disturbing, or overwhelming. &lt;br&gt;
- '''Illness:''' physical or mental poor health interpreted through symbolic stories. &lt;br&gt;
- '''Social conflict:''' tensions within families, communities, or societies. &lt;br&gt;
- '''Taboo behavior:''' actions considered dangerous or forbidden. &lt;br&gt;
- '''Environmental conditions:''' landscapes, climate, or natural hazards. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt; [[File:Hip Hop Meeting Málaga (Drak-Baros-Elalfil, 2023) 04.jpg|thumb|Hip Hop Meeting Málaga (Drak-Baros-Elalfil, 2023) 04]]
Monsters come from trauma, illness, social conflicts, behaviors that are taboo, and social conflict. They are born from our darkest release. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
'''The Trama Monster:''' &lt;br&gt;
Trama survivors may see visions of monsters in their nightmares or daydreams. They may experience a form of post-traumatic stress, whereby anxiety lingers long after the traumatic event has ended. In Psychology, monsters may be symbols for unspoken or unprocessed trauma. Monster imagery in film and literature serves as a tangible manifestation of psychological trauma, repressed grief, and existential threat. [3] &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
In Psychological studies, monsters represent the breakdown of pre-trauma assumptions about safety, self, and the world. It seems the world is safe and known until a monster appears. &lt;br&gt;
Unprocessed pain can be projected outwards, into a tangible, symbolic &quot;monster&quot; which allows the mind to shape, grasp, or manipulate the invisible terror inside. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
Toby Allen, a popular Illustrator, started The &quot;Real Monsters&quot; Project, an Art project he started by illustrating his mental health disorders, such as anxiety, depression and social phobia, as fantasy creatures. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
In Monsters, a blog about monsters, Allen talks about the inspiration behind the &quot;Real Monsters&quot; project: &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
Interviewer: What is the inspiration behind your art? Why did you choose to depict mental illnesses as monsters? &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
Toby Allen: The Real Monsters project originated from imagining my own anxieties as monsters and finding it to be a really therapeutic process. It made them feel weaker, and I was able to look at my own anxiety in an almost comical way. I wanted to expand upon this idea and draw other representations of mental illnesses that could help people in the same way it helped me. [4] &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
A similar concept can be understood in ''The Babadook'' (2015), a film directed by Jennifer Kent. In ''The Babadook'', following her husband's violent death, a mother's repressed grief and clinical depression is personified as an entity that feeds on denial. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
Research in clinical psychology notes that cinematic or internal &quot;monsters&quot; serve as a tangible symbol for post-traumatic stress and anxiety. These symbolic &quot;monsters&quot; represent a subtle threat that a person must confront and master in order to achieve emotional balance. [3] &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
'''Monsters associated with illnesses''':&lt;br&gt;
Monsters are often seen as cultural or physical manifestations of real world physical and mental illnesses that pre-modern societies could not explain. &lt;br&gt;
Human societies, along with most diseases, existed before microscopes. Without modern scientific tools, human understanding of disease -- such as how they multiplied, or how they were passed -- was small and strongly linked with the supernatural. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt; 
In the BBC article ''The Real-Life Diseases That Spread The Vampire Myth'', Stephen Dowling writes about vampires and porphyria (a genetic disorder): &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
Take porphyria, for instance, which affects heme, the chemical compound which helps make up the haemoglobin found in our blood. The patients suffer itching, rashes and blisters every time their skin is exposed to sunlight. In the very worst – and thankfully, very rare – cases, the gums recede from the teeth, making them appear far more prominent. Their bodily waste takes on a purple hue, like that of undigested blood. And the effects of sensitivity to light can be so severe that sufferers lose their ears and noses – a physiognomy echoed in the looks of vampires such as Nosferatu. [5] &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
Porphyria is a rare genetic disorder, described by Desiree Lyon Howe of the American Porphyria Foundation, as being so rare &quot;there are probably no more than a few hundred of these severe cases in the entire world at any one time.&quot; [5] &lt;br&gt;
Although rare, in Medieval times, in remote and closed communities, the chance of porphyria surviving in a small gene pool was greater than today. The farming villages in Transylvania, now part of Romania, were ideal. Stories about vampires spread from eastern European regions, like Transylvania, westward. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
With little medical knowledge, medieval folks could have accused people suffering from porphyria of being vampires. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
Another disease associated with monsters is Werewolf Syndrome or Hypertrichosis, which is a condition characterized by dense, abnormal hair growth over the body. This condition may have started a few werewolf myths. [6] &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt; 
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+ Hypertrichosis
|-
!  !!  !! 
|-
| [[File:Joris Hoefnagel - Animalia Rationalia et Insecta (Ignis)- Plate I.jpg|thumb|Petrus Gonsalvus and his wife Catherine (c. 1575) by Joris Hoefnagel. Watercolor and gouache. National Gallery of Art, Washington D.C.]] || [[File:Polytrichia J.? Homo pilosus. Adr. Evtikhiev..JPG|thumb|Polytrichia J.? Homo pilosus. Adr. Evtikhiev.]] || [[File:Die Gartenlaube (1874) b 061.jpg|thumb|Die Gartenlaube (1874) b 061]]
|}
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;

=== Reference: ===
1. Dictionary.com. Monster. In Dictionary.com. Retrieved October 14, 2026, from https://www.dictionary.com/browse/monster

2. Connerty, Michael. Scary monsters and super creeps: An interview with Emil Ferris. Published in Studies in Comics, Jan 2025, Art Source &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
3. Hamilton, Jenny. Monsters and posttraumatic stress: an experiential-processing model of monster imagery in psychological therapy, film and television. November 5, 2020 In Nature.com https://www.nature.com/articles/s41599-020-00628-2 &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
4. Real Monsters project. February 6, 2026. Monsters https://dstrl.org/RealMonsters/real-monsters-project &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
5. Dowling, Stephen. October 31, 2016. ''The real-life diseases that spread the vampire myth''. BBC.com https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20161031-the-real-life-disease-that-spread-the-vampire-myth &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
6. &quot;Hypertrichosis.&quot; October 8, 2026. In Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypertrichosis &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt; 
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Chapter navigation with TOC|Chapter One|Chapter Two Part Two|TOC mini}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>t3aqhbo27rizeiqhl7bi2g0fjqfsxln</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4680425</id>
      <parentid>4680424</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T15:11:43Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>3MMPEYTON</username>
        <id>3393808</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4680425</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="9759" sha1="866v0n54xon94w3fgiftdlv9eiasgx7" xml:space="preserve">== Chapter Two: Monsters And Their Human Origin ==
A '''monster''' is a frightening, grotesque, or fictional creature, an exceptionally cruel person, or anything of unusually large or powerful scale. [1] &lt;br&gt;
[[File:Enrag'd Monster MET DP828504.jpg|thumb|Enrag'd Monster, print, John Hamilton Mortimer (MET, 53.638.20)]]
&lt;br&gt;
The Munsters, Stranger Things, The Exorcist, Poltergeist, Shaun of the Dead. We love monsters, they are part of a large film and Entertainment industry. Around the world, monsters appear in films and on TV shows. They pop-up, taking forms that range from ghosts and demons, to zombies, werewolves, and hungry-spirits. Although these monsters are described as supernatural, able to cross the barriers that separate the dead from the living, many monster traditions originated from human experiences. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
This wikibook explores the concept that monsters are kind of human, merely symbolic expressions of human fears, behaviors, or cultural change. &lt;br&gt;
By closely examining the human origin of monster myths, readers may understand how they developed, why these stories persist, and why they mutate over time.&lt;br&gt;
=== Monsters As Cultural Expression: ===

Monsters are not just the creations of individuals. Monsters emerge from cultural environments and reflect shared concerns within a community. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
When people are concerned about events occurring in their neighborhood, or in their society, they may express their concerns indirectly, by sharing short stories, poetry, Art, even comic drawings that address their concerns. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
Monsters are associated with taboo behavior, meaning actions that are considered dangerous, behaviors that are often socially forbidden. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
In an interview with Michael Connerty, Emil Ferris, the author of the graphic novel: My Favorite Things Is Monsters: Book One, talks candidly about sexuality and horror movies. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
Michael Connerty: There are a lot of very powerful images that punctuate both books, cent[e]red on women and violence – some come from classical painting, some in the form of your imaginary comic book covers.

Emil Ferris: I grew up with that, I mean you saw women portrayed in a particular way, and horror comics always used women, and horror movies did too, where there was this sexualization of a woman before she was murdered, which is really a very frightening thing to do. And Karen and Deeze talk about that, I mean they talk about the sexualization of brutality, you know, which is often the brutality of sex, when it's negative, when it's assault. It's just something that has to be pointed out. I like the fact that they have that conversation, because I think more people need to have that conversation with their sons and their daughters. They need to talk about those things but we're so afraid to talk about those things, and we have to. We have to because it's so hard for children to figure out, 'well, how do I negotiate this world?' It's just really good to be frank about these things.
[2] &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
'''The common sources of monsters include''': &lt;br&gt;
- '''Trauma:''' events that leave an emotional or physical response, usually deeply harmful, disturbing, or overwhelming. &lt;br&gt;
- '''Illness:''' physical or mental poor health interpreted through symbolic stories. &lt;br&gt;
- '''Social conflict:''' tensions within families, communities, or societies. &lt;br&gt;
- '''Taboo behavior:''' actions considered dangerous or forbidden. &lt;br&gt;
- '''Environmental conditions:''' landscapes, climate, or natural hazards. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt; [[File:Hip Hop Meeting Málaga (Drak-Baros-Elalfil, 2023) 04.jpg|thumb|Hip Hop Meeting Málaga (Drak-Baros-Elalfil, 2023) 04]]
Monsters come from trauma, illness, social conflicts, behaviors that are taboo, and social conflict. They are born from our darkest release. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
'''The Trama Monster:''' &lt;br&gt;
Trama survivors may see visions of monsters in their nightmares or daydreams. They may experience a form of post-traumatic stress, whereby anxiety lingers long after the traumatic event has ended. In Psychology, monsters may be symbols for unspoken or unprocessed trauma. Monster imagery in film and literature serves as a tangible manifestation of psychological trauma, repressed grief, and existential threat. [3] &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
In Psychological studies, monsters represent the breakdown of pre-trauma assumptions about safety, self, and the world. It seems the world is safe and known until a monster appears. &lt;br&gt;
Unprocessed pain can be projected outwards, into a tangible, symbolic &quot;monster&quot; which allows the mind to shape, grasp, or manipulate the invisible terror inside. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
Toby Allen, a popular Illustrator, started The &quot;Real Monsters&quot; Project, an Art project he initiated by illustrating his mental health disorders, such as anxiety, depression and social phobia, as fantasy creatures. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
In Monsters, a blog about monsters, Allen talks about the inspiration behind the &quot;Real Monsters&quot; project: &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
Interviewer: What is the inspiration behind your art? Why did you choose to depict mental illnesses as monsters? &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
Toby Allen: The Real Monsters project originated from imagining my own anxieties as monsters and finding it to be a really therapeutic process. It made them feel weaker, and I was able to look at my own anxiety in an almost comical way. I wanted to expand upon this idea and draw other representations of mental illnesses that could help people in the same way it helped me. [4] &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
A similar concept can be understood in ''The Babadook'' (2015), a film directed by Jennifer Kent. In ''The Babadook'', following her husband's violent death, a mother's repressed grief and clinical depression is personified as an entity that feeds on denial. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
Research in clinical psychology notes that cinematic or internal &quot;monsters&quot; serve as a tangible symbol for post-traumatic stress and anxiety. These symbolic &quot;monsters&quot; represent a subtle threat that a person must confront and master in order to achieve emotional balance. [3] &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
'''Monsters associated with illnesses''':&lt;br&gt;
Monsters are often seen as cultural or physical manifestations of real world physical and mental illnesses that pre-modern societies could not explain. &lt;br&gt;
Human societies, along with most diseases, existed before microscopes. Without modern scientific tools, human understanding of disease -- such as how they multiplied, or how they were passed -- was small and strongly linked with the supernatural. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt; 
In the BBC article ''The Real-Life Diseases That Spread The Vampire Myth'', Stephen Dowling writes about vampires and porphyria (a genetic disorder): &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
Take porphyria, for instance, which affects heme, the chemical compound which helps make up the haemoglobin found in our blood. The patients suffer itching, rashes and blisters every time their skin is exposed to sunlight. In the very worst – and thankfully, very rare – cases, the gums recede from the teeth, making them appear far more prominent. Their bodily waste takes on a purple hue, like that of undigested blood. And the effects of sensitivity to light can be so severe that sufferers lose their ears and noses – a physiognomy echoed in the looks of vampires such as Nosferatu. [5] &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
Porphyria is a rare genetic disorder, described by Desiree Lyon Howe of the American Porphyria Foundation, as being so rare &quot;there are probably no more than a few hundred of these severe cases in the entire world at any one time.&quot; [5] &lt;br&gt;
Although rare, in Medieval times, in remote and closed communities, the chance of porphyria surviving in a small gene pool was greater than today. The farming villages in Transylvania, now part of Romania, were ideal. Stories about vampires spread from eastern European regions, like Transylvania, westward. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
With little medical knowledge, medieval folks could have accused people suffering from porphyria of being vampires. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
Another disease associated with monsters is Werewolf Syndrome or Hypertrichosis, which is a condition characterized by dense, abnormal hair growth over the body. This condition may have started a few werewolf myths. [6] &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt; 
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+ Hypertrichosis
|-
!  !!  !! 
|-
| [[File:Joris Hoefnagel - Animalia Rationalia et Insecta (Ignis)- Plate I.jpg|thumb|Petrus Gonsalvus and his wife Catherine (c. 1575) by Joris Hoefnagel. Watercolor and gouache. National Gallery of Art, Washington D.C.]] || [[File:Polytrichia J.? Homo pilosus. Adr. Evtikhiev..JPG|thumb|Polytrichia J.? Homo pilosus. Adr. Evtikhiev.]] || [[File:Die Gartenlaube (1874) b 061.jpg|thumb|Die Gartenlaube (1874) b 061]]
|}
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;

=== Reference: ===
1. Dictionary.com. Monster. In Dictionary.com. Retrieved October 14, 2026, from https://www.dictionary.com/browse/monster

2. Connerty, Michael. Scary monsters and super creeps: An interview with Emil Ferris. Published in Studies in Comics, Jan 2025, Art Source &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
3. Hamilton, Jenny. Monsters and posttraumatic stress: an experiential-processing model of monster imagery in psychological therapy, film and television. November 5, 2020 In Nature.com https://www.nature.com/articles/s41599-020-00628-2 &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
4. Real Monsters project. February 6, 2026. Monsters https://dstrl.org/RealMonsters/real-monsters-project &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
5. Dowling, Stephen. October 31, 2016. ''The real-life diseases that spread the vampire myth''. BBC.com https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20161031-the-real-life-disease-that-spread-the-vampire-myth &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
6. &quot;Hypertrichosis.&quot; October 8, 2026. In Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypertrichosis &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt; 
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Chapter navigation with TOC|Chapter One|Chapter Two Part Two|TOC mini}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>866v0n54xon94w3fgiftdlv9eiasgx7</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4680426</id>
      <parentid>4680425</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T15:12:57Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>3MMPEYTON</username>
        <id>3393808</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4680426</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="9759" sha1="cu7xytrcqmuo4q719kedgkp5x9tw1z5" xml:space="preserve">== Chapter Two: Monsters And Their Human Origin ==
A '''monster''' is a frightening, grotesque, or fictional creature, an exceptionally cruel person, or anything of unusually large or powerful scale. [1] &lt;br&gt;
[[File:Enrag'd Monster MET DP828504.jpg|thumb|Enrag'd Monster, print, John Hamilton Mortimer (MET, 53.638.20)]]
&lt;br&gt;
The Munsters, Stranger Things, The Exorcist, Poltergeist, Shaun of the Dead. We love monsters, they are part of a large film and Entertainment industry. Around the world, monsters appear in films and on TV shows. They pop-up, taking forms that range from ghosts and demons, to zombies, werewolves, and hungry-spirits. Although these monsters are described as supernatural, able to cross the barriers that separate the dead from the living, many monster traditions originated from human experiences. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
This wikibook explores the concept that monsters are kind of human, merely symbolic expressions of human fears, behaviors, or cultural change. &lt;br&gt;
By closely examining the human origin of monster myths, readers may understand how they developed, why these stories persist, and why they mutate over time.&lt;br&gt;
=== Monsters As Cultural Expression: ===

Monsters are not just the creations of individuals. Monsters emerge from cultural environments and reflect shared concerns within a community. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
When people are concerned about events occurring in their neighborhood, or in their society, they may express their concerns indirectly, by sharing short stories, poetry, Art, even comic drawings that address their concerns. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
Monsters are associated with taboo behavior, meaning actions that are considered dangerous, behaviors that are often socially forbidden. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
In an interview with Michael Connerty, Emil Ferris, the author of the graphic novel: My Favorite Things Is Monsters: Book One, talks candidly about sexuality and horror movies. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
Michael Connerty: There are a lot of very powerful images that punctuate both books, cent[e]red on women and violence – some come from classical painting, some in the form of your imaginary comic book covers.

Emil Ferris: I grew up with that, I mean you saw women portrayed in a particular way, and horror comics always used women, and horror movies did too, where there was this sexualization of a woman before she was murdered, which is really a very frightening thing to do. And Karen and Deeze talk about that, I mean they talk about the sexualization of brutality, you know, which is often the brutality of sex, when it's negative, when it's assault. It's just something that has to be pointed out. I like the fact that they have that conversation, because I think more people need to have that conversation with their sons and their daughters. They need to talk about those things but we're so afraid to talk about those things, and we have to. We have to because it's so hard for children to figure out, 'well, how do I negotiate this world?' It's just really good to be frank about these things.
[2] &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
'''The common sources of monsters include''': &lt;br&gt;
- '''Trauma:''' events that leave an emotional or physical response, usually deeply harmful, disturbing, or overwhelming. &lt;br&gt;
- '''Illness:''' physical or mental poor health interpreted through symbolic stories. &lt;br&gt;
- '''Social conflict:''' tensions within families, communities, or societies. &lt;br&gt;
- '''Taboo behavior:''' actions considered dangerous or forbidden. &lt;br&gt;
- '''Environmental conditions:''' landscapes, climate, or natural hazards. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt; [[File:Hip Hop Meeting Málaga (Drak-Baros-Elalfil, 2023) 04.jpg|thumb|Hip Hop Meeting Málaga (Drak-Baros-Elalfil, 2023) 04]]
Monsters come from trauma, illness, social conflicts, behaviors that are taboo, and social conflict. They are born from our darkest release. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
'''The Trama Monster:''' &lt;br&gt;
Trama survivors may see visions of monsters in their nightmares or daydreams. They may experience a form of post-traumatic stress, whereby anxiety lingers long after the traumatic event has ended. In Psychology, monsters may be symbols for unspoken or unprocessed trauma. Monster imagery in film and literature serves as a tangible manifestation of psychological trauma, repressed grief, and existential threat. [3] &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
In Psychological studies, monsters represent the breakdown of pre-trauma assumptions about safety, self, and the world. It seems the world is safe and known until a monster appears. &lt;br&gt;
Unprocessed pain can be projected outwards, into a tangible, symbolic &quot;monster&quot; which allows the mind to shape, grasp, or manipulate the invisible terror inside. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
Toby Allen, a popular Illustrator, started The &quot;Real Monsters&quot; Project, an Art project he initiated by illustrating his mental health disorders, such as anxiety, depression and social phobia, as fantasy creatures. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
In Monsters, a blog about monsters, Allen talks about the inspiration behind the &quot;Real Monsters&quot; project: &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
Interviewer: What is the inspiration behind your art? Why did you choose to depict mental illnesses as monsters? &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
Toby Allen: The Real Monsters project originated from imagining my own anxieties as monsters and finding it to be a really therapeutic process. It made them feel weaker, and I was able to look at my own anxiety in an almost comical way. I wanted to expand upon this idea and draw other representations of mental illnesses that could help people in the same way it helped me. [4] &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
A similar concept can be understood in ''The Babadook'' (2015), a film directed by Jennifer Kent. In ''The Babadook'', following her husband's violent death, a mother's repressed grief and clinical depression is personified as an entity that feeds on denial. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
Research in clinical Psychology notes that cinematic or internal &quot;monsters&quot; serve as a tangible symbol for post-traumatic stress and anxiety. These symbolic &quot;monsters&quot; represent a subtle threat that a person must confront and master in order to achieve emotional balance. [3] &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
'''Monsters associated with illnesses''':&lt;br&gt;
Monsters are often seen as cultural or physical manifestations of real world physical and mental illnesses that pre-modern societies could not explain. &lt;br&gt;
Human societies, along with most diseases, existed before microscopes. Without modern scientific tools, human understanding of disease -- such as how they multiplied, or how they were passed -- was small and strongly linked with the supernatural. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt; 
In the BBC article ''The Real-Life Diseases That Spread The Vampire Myth'', Stephen Dowling writes about vampires and porphyria (a genetic disorder): &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
Take porphyria, for instance, which affects heme, the chemical compound which helps make up the haemoglobin found in our blood. The patients suffer itching, rashes and blisters every time their skin is exposed to sunlight. In the very worst – and thankfully, very rare – cases, the gums recede from the teeth, making them appear far more prominent. Their bodily waste takes on a purple hue, like that of undigested blood. And the effects of sensitivity to light can be so severe that sufferers lose their ears and noses – a physiognomy echoed in the looks of vampires such as Nosferatu. [5] &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
Porphyria is a rare genetic disorder, described by Desiree Lyon Howe of the American Porphyria Foundation, as being so rare &quot;there are probably no more than a few hundred of these severe cases in the entire world at any one time.&quot; [5] &lt;br&gt;
Although rare, in Medieval times, in remote and closed communities, the chance of porphyria surviving in a small gene pool was greater than today. The farming villages in Transylvania, now part of Romania, were ideal. Stories about vampires spread from eastern European regions, like Transylvania, westward. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
With little medical knowledge, medieval folks could have accused people suffering from porphyria of being vampires. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
Another disease associated with monsters is Werewolf Syndrome or Hypertrichosis, which is a condition characterized by dense, abnormal hair growth over the body. This condition may have started a few werewolf myths. [6] &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt; 
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+ Hypertrichosis
|-
!  !!  !! 
|-
| [[File:Joris Hoefnagel - Animalia Rationalia et Insecta (Ignis)- Plate I.jpg|thumb|Petrus Gonsalvus and his wife Catherine (c. 1575) by Joris Hoefnagel. Watercolor and gouache. National Gallery of Art, Washington D.C.]] || [[File:Polytrichia J.? Homo pilosus. Adr. Evtikhiev..JPG|thumb|Polytrichia J.? Homo pilosus. Adr. Evtikhiev.]] || [[File:Die Gartenlaube (1874) b 061.jpg|thumb|Die Gartenlaube (1874) b 061]]
|}
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;

=== Reference: ===
1. Dictionary.com. Monster. In Dictionary.com. Retrieved October 14, 2026, from https://www.dictionary.com/browse/monster

2. Connerty, Michael. Scary monsters and super creeps: An interview with Emil Ferris. Published in Studies in Comics, Jan 2025, Art Source &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
3. Hamilton, Jenny. Monsters and posttraumatic stress: an experiential-processing model of monster imagery in psychological therapy, film and television. November 5, 2020 In Nature.com https://www.nature.com/articles/s41599-020-00628-2 &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
4. Real Monsters project. February 6, 2026. Monsters https://dstrl.org/RealMonsters/real-monsters-project &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
5. Dowling, Stephen. October 31, 2016. ''The real-life diseases that spread the vampire myth''. BBC.com https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20161031-the-real-life-disease-that-spread-the-vampire-myth &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
6. &quot;Hypertrichosis.&quot; October 8, 2026. In Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypertrichosis &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt; 
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Chapter navigation with TOC|Chapter One|Chapter Two Part Two|TOC mini}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>cu7xytrcqmuo4q719kedgkp5x9tw1z5</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>About Monsters And Angels/Chapter Three</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>486426</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4680392</id>
      <parentid>4677135</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T13:16:43Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>3MMPEYTON</username>
        <id>3393808</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4680392</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3006" sha1="2jzvmf2kqromfhwv1libmez1ktn3g27" xml:space="preserve">== Create Monsters? ==
If monsters are not real, then man would have to create them. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt; 
Yet why do we need to create monsters when nature has already created many fascinating creatures? &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
According to Natalie Lawrence, from the University of Cambridge: &lt;br&gt;   
Exotic beasts brought to Europe for the first time in the 16th century, such as armadillos or walruses, were often interpreted as 'monstrous'. More accurately, they were made into monsters: things that did not fit into the accepted natural categories. An armadillo became a pig-turtle, while a walrus was a fish-ox. [1] &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
Displaying exotic animals from around the world may have been a money-making business, yet creating monsters to show before a gullible crowd became a money-making fraud! &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
According to Lawrence, &quot;Making monsters added value. They were commercially lucrative things: oddities, curiosities and rare things were very marketable.&quot; [1] &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
The lust for money is great. Overtime, creative salesmen went to great lengths to convince other people that monsters were real and could be owned or closely examined. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
According to Lawrence, from the University of Cambridge: &lt;br&gt;
The market for monstrosity motivated the literal creation of monsters: 'mermaids' were assembled from pieces of fish, monkeys and other objects while 'ray-dragons' were created from carefully mutilated and dried rays. These objects could be sold to collectors or displayed in menageries and freak-shows. Writing about and portraying virtual monsters helped to sell books and pamphlets. [1] &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
The capture of a Hodag is an example of a modern-day hoax. The origin of Hodag stories comes from Eugene Shepard, a Trapper who told the public that he had captured a wild beast named a Hodag. Customers paid money to see the wild Hodag. The creature displayed was actually a wood carving, covered in an animal pelt. It was later revealed that Shepard had ran wires to the Hodag's legs, to give the wood dummy movement. As the story of the Hodag grew, it drew greater scrutiny. Under pressure, Shepard came clean and admitted to crafting a hoax, yet people continued to seek out the Hodag. [2] &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
In Wisconsin today, the Hodag is popular. There is an annual Hodag music festival, and a country festival. The Hodag has made appearances in the world of ''Harry Potter'' and ''Scooby Doo''. Sports teams have also been named after the Hodag. [2] &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt; 
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+ Hodag
|-
! [[File:Hodag 002.jpg|thumb|Hodag 002]]
|-
| The Hodag in front of the Rhinelander chamber of commerce.
|}
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
==== Reference: ====
1. Lawrence, Natelie. What Is A Monster? September 7, 2015 Under Research In The University of Cambridge https://www.cam.ac.uk/research/discussion/what-is-a-monster &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
2. Estep, Richard. Monsters: Myths, Legends, and Real Encounters. Visible Ink Press. 2026 &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Chapter navigation with TOC|Chapter Two Part Two|Chapter Three|TOC mini}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;
&lt;br&gt;</text>
      <sha1>2jzvmf2kqromfhwv1libmez1ktn3g27</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4680566</id>
      <parentid>4680392</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T20:50:35Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>3MMPEYTON</username>
        <id>3393808</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4680566</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3005" sha1="i76lo3feiuralkfnctb49z77tccxfts" xml:space="preserve">== Create Monsters? ==
If monsters are not real, then man would have to create them. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt; 
Yet why do we need to create monsters when nature has already created many fascinating creatures? &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
According to Natalie Lawrence, from the University of Cambridge: &lt;br&gt;   
Exotic beasts brought to Europe for the first time in the 16th century, such as armadillos or walruses, were often interpreted as 'monstrous'. More accurately, they were made into monsters: things that did not fit into the accepted natural categories. An armadillo became a pig-turtle, while a walrus was a fish-ox. [1] &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
Displaying exotic animals from around the world may have been a money-making business, yet creating monsters to show before a gullible crowd became a money-making fraud! &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
According to Lawrence, &quot;Making monsters added value. They were commercially lucrative things: oddities, curiosities and rare things were very marketable.&quot; [1] &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
The lust for money is great. Overtime, creative salesmen went to great lengths to convince other people that monsters were real and could be owned or closely examined. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
According to Lawrence, from the University of Cambridge: &lt;br&gt;
The market for monstrosity motivated the literal creation of monsters: 'mermaids' were assembled from pieces of fish, monkeys and other objects while 'ray-dragons' were created from carefully mutilated and dried rays. These objects could be sold to collectors or displayed in menageries and freak-shows. Writing about and portraying virtual monsters helped to sell books and pamphlets. [1] &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
The capture of a Hodag is an example of a modern-day hoax. The origin of Hodag stories comes from Eugene Shepard, a Trapper who told the public that he had captured a wild beast named a Hodag. Customers paid money to see the wild Hodag. The creature displayed was actually a wood carving, covered in an animal pelt. It was later revealed that Shepard had ran wires to the Hodag's legs, to give the wood dummy movement. As the story of the Hodag grew, it drew greater scrutiny. Under pressure, Shepard came clean and admitted to crafting a hoax, yet people continued to seek out the Hodag. [2] &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
In Wisconsin today, the Hodag is popular. There is an annual Hodag music festival, and a country festival. The Hodag has made appearances in the world of ''Harry Potter'' and ''Scooby Doo''. Sports teams have also been named after the Hodag. [2] &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt; 
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+ Hodag
|-
! [[File:Hodag 002.jpg|thumb|Hodag 002]]
|-
| The Hodag in front of the Rhinelander chamber of commerce.
|}
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
==== Reference: ====
1. Lawrence, Natelie. What Is A Monster? September 7, 2015 Under Research In The University of Cambridge https://www.cam.ac.uk/research/discussion/what-is-a-monster &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
2. Estep, Richard. Monsters: Myths, Legends, and Real Encounters. Visible Ink Press. 2026 &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Chapter navigation with TOC|Chapter Two Part Two|Chapter Four|TOC mini}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;
&lt;br&gt;</text>
      <sha1>i76lo3feiuralkfnctb49z77tccxfts</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>About Monsters And Angels/Chapter Two Part Two</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>486427</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4680390</id>
      <parentid>4677094</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T13:13:55Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>3MMPEYTON</username>
        <id>3393808</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4680390</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4068" sha1="259vbrujq04reohvoqtviwj1kyty0to" xml:space="preserve">== Chapter Two: Monsters And Their Human Origin (Part Two) ==
&quot;The old world is dying, and the new world struggles to be born: now is the time of monsters.&quot; - Antonio Gramsci.

'''Social Conflicts That Created Monsters:''' &lt;br&gt;
People can transform into monsters, often because of war, or social conflicts that push them beyond the extreme. History is filled with the accounts of normal people, who slowly began acting in ways they never would have before their lives, or the world changed.  

True evil often has a human face. Men like Hitler, Stalin, Mao Zedong, and Vlad Tepes used their power to inflict cruelty on a massive scale. 

A primary source for Bram Stoker's Dracula, was the Wallachian price Vlad Tepes, commonly known as Vlad the Impaler, a name he earned because of his habit of beheading and skewering criminals, or his enemies, on giant wooden stakes. During an era of harsh brutality, Vlad was known as a butcher! He was a ruler, and a military commander during the 15th century. Although he was the son of Vlad II Dracul, a member of the Order of the Dragon, he was sent as a political hostage to the Ottoman Empire in 1442 with his brother Radu. He spent years under Sultan Murad II, where he witnessed local political tactics. He seized political power in Wallachia in 1456. He worked to crush rival noble fractions, and to unify people under his authority. [1] &lt;br&gt;
He ruled with an iron fist. He was reported as being unnaturally brutal and cruel. He impaled criminals, his enemies, and political rivals. He burned people alive, and even boiled people to death in large iron cauldrons. [2] &lt;br&gt;
Vlad is credited with killing tens of thousands, including a mass execution of thousands of Ottoman and Saxon captives in 1462. [1]

Vlad was given the nickname Draculea, or &quot;Son of Dragon.&quot; His father, was known as the Dragon. In his native language [Wallachia], the word Dracula meant &quot;devil.&quot; [2] 

The fictional monster, Count Dracula, clearly developed from the historical Vlad, a man who performed monstrous deeds. 

'''Environmental Monsters:''' &lt;br&gt;
Some monsters emerge from human mistakes. &lt;br&gt;
Chemical spills and toxic waste are common pop-culture tropes used to explain the creation of giant mutants, and post-apocalyptic monsters. &lt;br&gt; 
These monsters are cultural expressions, emerging in our modern era to address current issues such as pollution, or fear of radiation poisoning. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
A classic Japanese Toho film, ''Godzilla vs. Hedorah'' (1971) pits Godzilla against Hedorah, the Smog Monster created from industrial pollution and toxic sludge. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
''The Toxic Avenger'' (2023 / 1984) is a film that explores the life of Winston Gooze, a janitor who falls into a vat of toxic waste. Gooze is transformed into a deformed, unnaturally strong mutant vigilante. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
Godzilla, a popular radioactive monster, was originally a prehistoric sea reptile who was awakened and mutated by radiation from hydrogen bomb testing in the Pacific ocean. The monster was a modern allegory for the atomic bombing of Japan's major cities Hiroshima and Nagasaki. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
In films, monsters can be helpful, or cold-blooded creatures whose transformations maybe symbolic of the transformation our culture has undergone after the Industrial Revolution and World War II.
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
Many monster traditions can be traced to real people or real situations. Examples include: &lt;br&gt;
- individuals who were marginalized. &lt;br&gt;
- people suffering from disease. &lt;br&gt;
- victims of injustice or violence. &lt;br&gt;
- historical figures whose actions became exaggerated or symbolic. &lt;br&gt;
Understanding the human connection helps explain why certain monsters appear in specific cultural contexts.
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
==== References: ====
1. &quot;Vlad the Impaler.&quot; October 3, 2026 In Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vlad_the_Impaler &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
2. Estep, Richard. Monsters: Myths, Legends, and Real Encounters. Visible Ink Press 2026 &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Chapter navigation with TOC|Chapter Two Part Two|Chapter Three|TOC mini}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;
&lt;br&gt;

{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>259vbrujq04reohvoqtviwj1kyty0to</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4680391</id>
      <parentid>4680390</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T13:16:03Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>3MMPEYTON</username>
        <id>3393808</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4680391</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4059" sha1="p580xny266qha1n3m4gp3w6zuctr5sw" xml:space="preserve">== Chapter Two: Monsters And Their Human Origin (Part Two) ==
&quot;The old world is dying, and the new world struggles to be born: now is the time of monsters.&quot; - Antonio Gramsci.

'''Social Conflicts That Created Monsters:''' &lt;br&gt;
People can transform into monsters, often because of war, or social conflicts that push them beyond the extreme. History is filled with the accounts of normal people, who slowly began acting in ways they never would have before their lives, or the world changed.  

True evil often has a human face. Men like Hitler, Stalin, Mao Zedong, and Vlad Tepes used their power to inflict cruelty on a massive scale. 

A primary source for Bram Stoker's Dracula, was the Wallachian price Vlad Tepes, commonly known as Vlad the Impaler, a name he earned because of his habit of beheading and skewering criminals, or his enemies, on giant wooden stakes. During an era of harsh brutality, Vlad was known as a butcher! He was a ruler, and a military commander during the 15th century. Although he was the son of Vlad II Dracul, a member of the Order of the Dragon, he was sent as a political hostage to the Ottoman Empire in 1442 with his brother Radu. He spent years under Sultan Murad II, where he witnessed local political tactics. He seized political power in Wallachia in 1456. He worked to crush rival noble fractions, and to unify people under his authority. [1] &lt;br&gt;
He ruled with an iron fist. He was reported as being unnaturally brutal and cruel. He impaled criminals, his enemies, and political rivals. He burned people alive, and even boiled people to death in large iron cauldrons. [2] &lt;br&gt;
Vlad is credited with killing tens of thousands, including a mass execution of thousands of Ottoman and Saxon captives in 1462. [1]

Vlad was given the nickname Draculea, or &quot;Son of Dragon.&quot; His father, was known as the Dragon. In his native language [Wallachia], the word Dracula meant &quot;devil.&quot; [2] 

The fictional monster, Count Dracula, clearly developed from the historical Vlad, a man who performed monstrous deeds. 

'''Environmental Monsters:''' &lt;br&gt;
Some monsters emerge from human mistakes. &lt;br&gt;
Chemical spills and toxic waste are common pop-culture tropes used to explain the creation of giant mutants, and post-apocalyptic monsters. &lt;br&gt; 
These monsters are cultural expressions, emerging in our modern era to address current issues such as pollution, or fear of radiation poisoning. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
A classic Japanese Toho film, ''Godzilla vs. Hedorah'' (1971) pits Godzilla against Hedorah, the Smog Monster created from industrial pollution and toxic sludge. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
''The Toxic Avenger'' (2023 / 1984) is a film that explores the life of Winston Gooze, a janitor who falls into a vat of toxic waste. Gooze is transformed into a deformed, unnaturally strong mutant vigilante. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
Godzilla, a popular radioactive monster, was originally a prehistoric sea reptile who was awakened and mutated by radiation from hydrogen bomb testing in the Pacific ocean. The monster was a modern allegory for the atomic bombing of Japan's major cities Hiroshima and Nagasaki. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
In films, monsters can be helpful, or cold-blooded creatures whose transformations maybe symbolic of the transformation our culture has undergone after the Industrial Revolution and World War II.
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
Many monster traditions can be traced to real people or real situations. Examples include: &lt;br&gt;
- individuals who were marginalized. &lt;br&gt;
- people suffering from disease. &lt;br&gt;
- victims of injustice or violence. &lt;br&gt;
- historical figures whose actions became exaggerated or symbolic. &lt;br&gt;
Understanding the human connection helps explain why certain monsters appear in specific cultural contexts.
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
==== References: ====
1. &quot;Vlad the Impaler.&quot; October 3, 2026 In Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vlad_the_Impaler &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
2. Estep, Richard. Monsters: Myths, Legends, and Real Encounters. Visible Ink Press 2026 &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Chapter navigation with TOC|Chapter Two|Chapter Three|TOC mini}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;
&lt;br&gt;

{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>p580xny266qha1n3m4gp3w6zuctr5sw</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4680404</id>
      <parentid>4680391</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T14:07:32Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>3MMPEYTON</username>
        <id>3393808</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4680404</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4050" sha1="bvlldc0jnul5ixrxy5aju27adrg23tj" xml:space="preserve">== Chapter Two: Monsters And Their Human Origin (Part Two) ==
&quot;The old world is dying, and the new world struggles to be born: now is the time of monsters.&quot; - Antonio Gramsci.

'''Social Conflicts That Created Monsters:''' &lt;br&gt;
People can transform into monsters, often because of war, or social conflicts that push them beyond the extreme. History is filled with the accounts of normal people, who slowly began acting in ways they never would have before their lives, or the world changed.  

True evil often has a human face. Men like Hitler, Stalin, Mao Zedong, and Vlad Tepes used their power to inflict cruelty on a massive scale. 

A primary source for Bram Stoker's Dracula, was the Wallachian price Vlad Tepes, commonly known as Vlad the Impaler, a name he earned because of his habit of beheading and skewering criminals, or his enemies, on giant wooden stakes. During an era of harsh brutality, Vlad was known as a butcher! He was a ruler, and a military commander during the 15th century. Although he was the son of Vlad II Dracul, a member of the Order of the Dragon, he was sent as a political hostage to the Ottoman Empire in 1442 with his brother Radu. He spent years under Sultan Murad II, where he witnessed local politics. He seized political power in Wallachia in 1456. He worked to crush rival noble fractions, and to unify people under his authority. [1] &lt;br&gt;
He ruled with an iron fist. He was reported as being unnaturally brutal and cruel. He impaled criminals, his enemies, and political rivals. He burned people alive, and even boiled people to death in large iron cauldrons. [2] &lt;br&gt;
Vlad is credited with killing tens of thousands, including a mass execution of thousands of Ottoman and Saxon captives in 1462. [1]

Vlad was given the nickname Draculea, or &quot;Son of Dragon.&quot; His father, was known as the Dragon. In his native language [Wallachia], the word Dracula meant &quot;devil.&quot; [2] 

The fictional monster, Count Dracula, clearly developed from the historical Vlad, a man who performed monstrous deeds. 

'''Environmental Monsters:''' &lt;br&gt;
Some monsters emerge from human mistakes. &lt;br&gt;
Chemical spills and toxic waste are common pop-culture tropes used to explain the creation of giant mutants, and post-apocalyptic monsters. &lt;br&gt; 
These monsters are cultural expressions, emerging in our modern era to address current issues such as pollution, or fear of radiation poisoning. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
A classic Japanese Toho film, ''Godzilla vs. Hedorah'' (1971) pits Godzilla against Hedorah, the Smog Monster created from industrial pollution and toxic sludge. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
''The Toxic Avenger'' (2023 / 1984) is a film that explores the life of Winston Gooze, a janitor who falls into a vat of toxic waste. Gooze is transformed into a deformed, unnaturally strong mutant vigilante. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
Godzilla, a popular radioactive monster, was originally a prehistoric sea reptile who was awakened and mutated by radiation from hydrogen bomb testing in the Pacific ocean. The monster was a modern allegory for the atomic bombing of Japan's major cities Hiroshima and Nagasaki. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
In films, monsters can be helpful, or cold-blooded creatures whose transformations maybe symbolic of the transformation our culture has undergone after the Industrial Revolution and World War II.
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
Many monster traditions can be traced to real people or real situations. Examples include: &lt;br&gt;
- individuals who were marginalized. &lt;br&gt;
- people suffering from disease. &lt;br&gt;
- victims of injustice or violence. &lt;br&gt;
- historical figures whose actions became exaggerated or symbolic. &lt;br&gt;
Understanding the human connection helps explain why certain monsters appear in specific cultural contexts.
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
==== References: ====
1. &quot;Vlad the Impaler.&quot; October 3, 2026 In Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vlad_the_Impaler &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
2. Estep, Richard. Monsters: Myths, Legends, and Real Encounters. Visible Ink Press 2026 &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Chapter navigation with TOC|Chapter Two|Chapter Three|TOC mini}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;
&lt;br&gt;

{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>bvlldc0jnul5ixrxy5aju27adrg23tj</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4680427</id>
      <parentid>4680404</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T15:17:42Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>3MMPEYTON</username>
        <id>3393808</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4680427</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4125" sha1="8p90cxjequxeu5i2bplqlbr6bh0hl58" xml:space="preserve">== Chapter Two: Monsters And Their Human Origin (Part Two) ==
&quot;The old world is dying, and the new world struggles to be born: now is the time of monsters.&quot; - Antonio Gramsci.

'''Social Conflicts That Created Monsters:''' &lt;br&gt;
People can transform into monsters, often because of war, or social conflicts that push them beyond the extreme. History is filled with the accounts of normal people, who slowly began acting in ways they never would have before their lives, or the world changed.  

True evil often has a human face. Men like Hitler, Stalin, Mao Zedong, and Vlad Tepes used their power to inflict cruelty on a massive scale. 

A primary source for Bram Stoker's Dracula, was the Wallachian price Vlad Tepes, commonly known as Vlad the Impaler, a name he earned because of his habit of beheading and skewering criminals, or his enemies, on giant wooden stakes. During an era of harsh brutality, Vlad was known as a butcher! He was a ruler, and a military commander during the 15th century. Although he was the son of Vlad II Dracul, a member of the Order of the Dragon, he was sent as a political hostage to the Ottoman Empire in 1442 with his brother Radu. He spent years under Sultan Murad II, where he witnessed local politics. He seized political power in Wallachia in 1456. He worked to crush rival noble fractions, and to unify people under his authority. [1] &lt;br&gt;
He ruled with an iron fist. He was reported as being unnaturally brutal and cruel. He impaled criminals, his enemies, and political rivals. He burned people alive, and even boiled people to death in large iron cauldrons. [2] &lt;br&gt;
Vlad is credited with killing tens of thousands, including a mass execution of thousands of Ottoman and Saxon captives in 1462. [1]

Vlad was given the nickname Draculea, or &quot;Son of Dragon.&quot; His father, was known as the Dragon. In his native language [Wallachia], the word Dracula meant &quot;devil.&quot; [2] 

The fictional monster, Count Dracula, clearly developed from the historical Vlad, a man who performed monstrous deeds. 

'''Environmental Monsters:''' &lt;br&gt;
Some monsters emerge from human mistakes. &lt;br&gt;
Chemical spills and toxic waste are common pop-culture tropes used to explain the creation of giant mutants, and post-apocalyptic monsters. &lt;br&gt; 
These monsters are cultural expressions, emerging in our modern era to address current issues such as pollution, or fear of radiation poisoning. &lt;br&gt; [[File:Gojira 1954 Japanese poster.jpg|thumb|Gojira 1954 Japanese poster]]
&lt;br&gt;
A classic Japanese Toho film, ''Godzilla vs. Hedorah'' (1971) pits Godzilla against Hedorah, the Smog Monster created from industrial pollution and toxic sludge. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
''The Toxic Avenger'' (2023 / 1984) is a film that explores the life of Winston Gooze, a janitor who falls into a vat of toxic waste. Gooze is transformed into a deformed, unnaturally strong mutant vigilante. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
Godzilla, a popular radioactive monster, was originally a prehistoric sea reptile who was awakened and mutated by radiation from hydrogen bomb testing in the Pacific ocean. The monster was a modern allegory for the atomic bombing of Japan's major cities Hiroshima and Nagasaki. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
In films, monsters can be helpful, or cold-blooded creatures whose transformations maybe symbolic of the transformation our culture has undergone after the Industrial Revolution and World War II.
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
Many monster traditions can be traced to real people or real situations. Examples include: &lt;br&gt;
- individuals who were marginalized. &lt;br&gt;
- people suffering from disease. &lt;br&gt;
- victims of injustice or violence. &lt;br&gt;
- historical figures whose actions became exaggerated or symbolic. &lt;br&gt;
Understanding the human connection helps explain why certain monsters appear in specific cultural contexts.
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
==== References: ====
1. &quot;Vlad the Impaler.&quot; October 3, 2026 In Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vlad_the_Impaler &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
2. Estep, Richard. Monsters: Myths, Legends, and Real Encounters. Visible Ink Press 2026 &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Chapter navigation with TOC|Chapter Two|Chapter Three|TOC mini}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;
&lt;br&gt;

{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>8p90cxjequxeu5i2bplqlbr6bh0hl58</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4680428</id>
      <parentid>4680427</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T15:22:29Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>3MMPEYTON</username>
        <id>3393808</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4680428</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4195" sha1="hpxj1jv3slp00sb6z8mhpysfi8x2dc4" xml:space="preserve">== Chapter Two: Monsters And Their Human Origin (Part Two) ==
&quot;The old world is dying, and the new world struggles to be born: now is the time of monsters.&quot; - Antonio Gramsci.
[[File:Vlad Tepes 002.jpg|thumb|Vlad the Impaler, son of Vlad Dracul]]
'''Social Conflicts That Created Monsters:''' &lt;br&gt;
People can transform into monsters, often because of war, or social conflicts that push them beyond the extreme. History is filled with the accounts of normal people, who slowly began acting in ways they never would have before their lives, or the world changed.  

True evil often has a human face. Men like Hitler, Stalin, Mao Zedong, and Vlad Tepes used their power to inflict cruelty on a massive scale. 

A primary source for Bram Stoker's Dracula, was the Wallachian price Vlad Tepes, commonly known as Vlad the Impaler, a name he earned because of his habit of beheading and skewering criminals, or his enemies, on giant wooden stakes. During an era of harsh brutality, Vlad was known as a butcher! He was a ruler, and a military commander during the 15th century. Although he was the son of Vlad II Dracul, a member of the Order of the Dragon, he was sent as a political hostage to the Ottoman Empire in 1442 with his brother Radu. He spent years under Sultan Murad II, where he witnessed local politics. He seized political power in Wallachia in 1456. He worked to crush rival noble fractions, and to unify people under his authority. [1] &lt;br&gt;
He ruled with an iron fist. He was reported as being unnaturally brutal and cruel. He impaled criminals, his enemies, and political rivals. He burned people alive, and even boiled people to death in large iron cauldrons. [2] &lt;br&gt;
Vlad is credited with killing tens of thousands, including a mass execution of thousands of Ottoman and Saxon captives in 1462. [1]

Vlad was given the nickname Draculea, or &quot;Son of Dragon.&quot; His father, was known as the Dragon. In his native language [Wallachia], the word Dracula meant &quot;devil.&quot; [2] 

The fictional monster, Count Dracula, clearly developed from the historical Vlad, a man who performed monstrous deeds. 

'''Environmental Monsters:''' &lt;br&gt;
Some monsters emerge from human mistakes. &lt;br&gt;
Chemical spills and toxic waste are common pop-culture tropes used to explain the creation of giant mutants, and post-apocalyptic monsters. &lt;br&gt; 
These monsters are cultural expressions, emerging in our modern era to address current issues such as pollution, or fear of radiation poisoning. &lt;br&gt; [[File:Gojira 1954 Japanese poster.jpg|thumb|Gojira 1954 Japanese poster]]
&lt;br&gt;
A classic Japanese Toho film, ''Godzilla vs. Hedorah'' (1971) pits Godzilla against Hedorah, the Smog Monster created from industrial pollution and toxic sludge. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
''The Toxic Avenger'' (2023 / 1984) is a film that explores the life of Winston Gooze, a janitor who falls into a vat of toxic waste. Gooze is transformed into a deformed, unnaturally strong mutant vigilante. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
Godzilla, a popular radioactive monster, was originally a prehistoric sea reptile who was awakened and mutated by radiation from hydrogen bomb testing in the Pacific ocean. The monster was a modern allegory for the atomic bombing of Japan's major cities Hiroshima and Nagasaki. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
In films, monsters can be helpful, or cold-blooded creatures whose transformations maybe symbolic of the transformation our culture has undergone after the Industrial Revolution and World War II.
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
Many monster traditions can be traced to real people or real situations. Examples include: &lt;br&gt;
- individuals who were marginalized. &lt;br&gt;
- people suffering from disease. &lt;br&gt;
- victims of injustice or violence. &lt;br&gt;
- historical figures whose actions became exaggerated or symbolic. &lt;br&gt;
Understanding the human connection helps explain why certain monsters appear in specific cultural contexts.
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
==== References: ====
1. &quot;Vlad the Impaler.&quot; October 3, 2026 In Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vlad_the_Impaler &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
2. Estep, Richard. Monsters: Myths, Legends, and Real Encounters. Visible Ink Press 2026 &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Chapter navigation with TOC|Chapter Two|Chapter Three|TOC mini}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;
&lt;br&gt;

{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>hpxj1jv3slp00sb6z8mhpysfi8x2dc4</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4680429</id>
      <parentid>4680428</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T15:24:14Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>3MMPEYTON</username>
        <id>3393808</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4680429</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4200" sha1="ntapc9k2k0j0usonqg34ftmbv6spjdh" xml:space="preserve">== Chapter Two: Monsters And Their Human Origin (Part Two) ==
&quot;The old world is dying, and the new world struggles to be born: now is the time of monsters.&quot; - Antonio Gramsci.
[[File:Vlad Tepes 002.jpg|thumb|Vlad the Impaler, son of Vlad Dracul]]
'''Social Conflicts That Created Monsters:''' &lt;br&gt;
People can transform into monsters, often because of war, or social conflicts that push them beyond the extreme. History is filled with the accounts of normal people, who slowly began acting in ways they never would have before their lives, or the world changed.  

True evil often has a human face. Men like Hitler, Stalin, Mao Zedong, and Vlad Tepes used their power to inflict cruelty on a massive scale. 

A primary source for Bram Stoker's Dracula, was the Wallachian price Vlad Tepes, commonly known as Vlad the Impaler, a name he earned because of his habit of beheading and skewering criminals, or his enemies, on giant wooden stakes. During an era of harsh brutality, Vlad was known as a butcher! He was a ruler, and a military commander during the 15th century. Although he was the son of Vlad II Dracul, a member of the Order of the Dragon, he was sent as a political hostage to the Ottoman Empire in 1442 with his brother Radu. He spent years under Sultan Murad II, where he witnessed local politics. He seized political power in Wallachia in 1456. He worked to crush rival noble fractions, and to unify people under his authority. [1] &lt;br&gt;
He ruled with an iron fist. He was reported as being unnaturally brutal and cruel. He impaled criminals, his enemies, and political rivals. He burned people alive, and even boiled people to death in large iron cauldrons. [2] &lt;br&gt;
Vlad is credited with killing tens of thousands, including a mass execution of thousands of Ottoman and Saxon captives in 1462. [1]

Vlad was given the nickname Draculea, or &quot;Son of Dragon.&quot; His father, was known as the Dragon. In his native language [Wallachia], the word Dracula meant &quot;devil.&quot; [2] 

The fictional monster, Count Dracula, clearly developed from the historical Vlad, a man who performed monstrous deeds. 

'''Environmental Monsters:''' &lt;br&gt;
Some monsters emerge from human mistakes. &lt;br&gt;
Chemical spills and toxic waste are common pop-culture tropes used to explain the creation of giant mutants, and post-apocalyptic monsters. &lt;br&gt; 
These monsters are cultural expressions, emerging in our modern era to address current issues such as pollution, or fear of radiation poisoning. &lt;br&gt; [[File:Gojira 1954 Japanese poster.jpg|thumb|Gojira 1954 Japanese poster]]
&lt;br&gt;
A classic Japanese Toho film, ''Godzilla vs. Hedorah'' (1971) pits Godzilla against Hedorah, the Smog Monster created from industrial pollution and toxic sludge. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
''The Toxic Avenger'' (2023 / 1984) is a film that explores the life of Winston Gooze, a janitor who falls into a vat of toxic waste. Gooze is transformed into a deformed, unnaturally strong mutant vigilante. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
Godzilla, a popular radioactive monster, was originally a prehistoric sea reptile who was awakened and mutated by radiation from hydrogen bomb testing in the Pacific ocean. The monster was a modern allegory for the atomic bombing of Japan's major cities Hiroshima and Nagasaki. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
In films, monsters can be helpful, or cold-blooded creatures whose transformations maybe symbolic of the transformation our culture has undergone after the Industrial Revolution and World War II.
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
Many monster traditions can be traced to real people or real situations. &lt;br&gt;
Examples include: &lt;br&gt;
- individuals who were marginalized. &lt;br&gt;
- people suffering from disease. &lt;br&gt;
- victims of injustice or violence. &lt;br&gt;
- historical figures whose actions became exaggerated or symbolic. &lt;br&gt;
Understanding the human connection helps explain why certain monsters appear in specific cultural contexts.
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
==== References: ====
1. &quot;Vlad the Impaler.&quot; October 3, 2026 In Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vlad_the_Impaler &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
2. Estep, Richard. Monsters: Myths, Legends, and Real Encounters. Visible Ink Press 2026 &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Chapter navigation with TOC|Chapter Two|Chapter Three|TOC mini}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;
&lt;br&gt;

{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>ntapc9k2k0j0usonqg34ftmbv6spjdh</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4680430</id>
      <parentid>4680429</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T15:24:46Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>3MMPEYTON</username>
        <id>3393808</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4680430</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4202" sha1="69w0j8g42ux8qsrek0jwknzluxkzd15" xml:space="preserve">== Chapter Two: Monsters And Their Human Origin (Part Two) ==
&quot;The old world is dying, and the new world struggles to be born: now is the time of monsters.&quot; - Antonio Gramsci.
[[File:Vlad Tepes 002.jpg|thumb|Vlad the Impaler, son of Vlad Dracul]]
'''Social Conflicts That Created Monsters:''' &lt;br&gt;
People can transform into monsters, often because of war, or social conflicts that push them beyond the extreme. History is filled with the accounts of normal people, who slowly began acting in ways they never would have before their lives, or the world changed.  

True evil often has a human face. Men like Hitler, Stalin, Mao Zedong, and Vlad Tepes used their power to inflict cruelty on a massive scale. 

A primary source for Bram Stoker's Dracula, was the Wallachian price Vlad Tepes, commonly known as Vlad the Impaler, a name he earned because of his habit of beheading and skewering criminals, or his enemies, on giant wooden stakes. During an era of harsh brutality, Vlad was known as a butcher! He was a ruler, and a military commander during the 15th century. Although he was the son of Vlad II Dracul, a member of the Order of the Dragon, he was sent as a political hostage to the Ottoman Empire in 1442 with his brother Radu. He spent years under Sultan Murad II, where he witnessed local politics. He seized political power in Wallachia in 1456. He worked to crush rival noble fractions, and to unify people under his authority. [1] &lt;br&gt;
He ruled with an iron fist. He was reported as being unnaturally brutal and cruel. He impaled criminals, his enemies, and political rivals. He burned people alive, and even boiled people to death in large iron cauldrons. [2] &lt;br&gt;
Vlad is credited with killing tens of thousands, including a mass execution of thousands of Ottoman and Saxon captives in 1462. [1]

Vlad was given the nickname Draculea, or &quot;Son of Dragon.&quot; His father, was known as the Dragon. In his native language [Wallachia], the word Dracula meant &quot;devil.&quot; [2] 

The fictional monster, Count Dracula, clearly developed from the historical Vlad, a man who performed monstrous deeds. 

'''Environmental Monsters:''' &lt;br&gt;
Some monsters emerge from human mistakes. &lt;br&gt;
Chemical spills and toxic waste are common pop-culture tropes used to explain the creation of giant mutants, and post-apocalyptic monsters. &lt;br&gt; 
These monsters are cultural expressions, emerging in our modern era to address current issues such as pollution, or fear of radiation poisoning. &lt;br&gt; [[File:Gojira 1954 Japanese poster.jpg|thumb|Gojira 1954 Japanese poster]]
&lt;br&gt;
A classic Japanese Toho film, ''Godzilla vs. Hedorah'' (1971) pits Godzilla against Hedorah, the Smog Monster created from industrial pollution and toxic sludge. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
''The Toxic Avenger'' (2023 / 1984) is a film that explores the life of Winston Gooze, a janitor who falls into a vat of toxic waste. Gooze is transformed into a deformed, unnaturally strong mutant vigilante. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
Godzilla, a popular radioactive monster, was originally a prehistoric sea reptile who was awakened and mutated by radiation from hydrogen bomb testing in the Pacific ocean. The monster was a modern allegory for the atomic bombing of Japan's major cities Hiroshima and Nagasaki. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
In films, monsters can be helpful, or cold-blooded creatures whose transformations maybe symbolic of the transformation our culture has undergone after the Industrial Revolution and World War II.
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
Many monster traditions can be traced to real people or real situations. &lt;br&gt;
Examples include: &lt;br&gt;
- individuals who were marginalized. &lt;br&gt;
- people suffering from disease. &lt;br&gt;
- victims of injustice or violence. &lt;br&gt;
- historical figures whose actions became exaggerated or symbolic. 

&lt;br&gt;
Understanding the human connection helps explain why certain monsters appear in specific cultural contexts.
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
==== References: ====
1. &quot;Vlad the Impaler.&quot; October 3, 2026 In Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vlad_the_Impaler &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
2. Estep, Richard. Monsters: Myths, Legends, and Real Encounters. Visible Ink Press 2026 &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Chapter navigation with TOC|Chapter Two|Chapter Three|TOC mini}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;
&lt;br&gt;

{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>69w0j8g42ux8qsrek0jwknzluxkzd15</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>User:PiyushLpu/sandbox</title>
    <ns>2</ns>
    <id>486675</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4680637</id>
      <parentid>4679223</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-07T08:40:47Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>PiyushLpu</username>
        <id>3629949</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>added intro and title</comment>
      <origin>4680637</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="710" sha1="2vf42p0bc3i9lv34uwzuj73s18cqkxx" xml:space="preserve">= Deep Sleep Mechanics &amp; Microcontroller Power States =
Imagine making an outdoor environmental sensor that is powered by a standard 2000 mAh Li-ion battery. If your code works on continuous loop statements then your microcontroller will run instructions at full system clock speed non-stop. Because of that it will draw a current of 30mA to 50 mA. Therefore, draining the battery completely within 4 days. 

To make an embedded device that can run for months or years, we have to shift the firmware architectures from continuous execution to power-managed execution. By prioritizing  the internal sleep states of modern silicon, so that we can reduce the current consumption from milliamps to a few microamps.</text>
      <sha1>2vf42p0bc3i9lv34uwzuj73s18cqkxx</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4680642</id>
      <parentid>4680637</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-07T09:57:21Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>PiyushLpu</username>
        <id>3629949</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>power states</comment>
      <origin>4680642</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2233" sha1="rmes640wl7vw9ew7aoxzw4wq48vt6tg" xml:space="preserve">= Deep Sleep Mechanics &amp; Microcontroller Power States =
Imagine making an outdoor environmental sensor that is powered by a standard 2000 mAh Li-ion battery. If your code works on continuous loop statements then your microcontroller will run instructions at full system clock speed non-stop. Because of that it will draw a current of 30mA to 50 mA. Therefore, draining the battery completely within 4 days. 

To make an embedded device that can run for months or years, we have to shift the firmware architectures from continuous execution to power-managed execution. By prioritizing  the internal sleep states of modern silicon, so that we can reduce the current consumption from milliamps to a few microamps.

== 1. Microcontroller Power States ==
Modern microcontroller like ARM Cortex-M, ESP32 divides the internal hardware into separate power domains. Low-power modes disables high-frequency clocks, peripheral buses and core execution logic.

=== &lt;u&gt;Active Mode:-&lt;/u&gt; ===
The CPU core runs continuously at full system clock speed by using the high-speed internal or external oscillators. Peripherals like SPI,UART,I2C are fully powered. It draws current between 15mA to 80mA.

=== &lt;u&gt;Idle / Light Sleep:-&lt;/u&gt; ===
Code execution is terminated by turning off the CPU clock, but the main SRAM and peripheral buses remain active. Wake-up latency is very fast. It draws current between 1mA to 5 mA.

=== &lt;u&gt;Deep Sleep:-&lt;/u&gt; ===
The CPU core is powered off and the high-speed clock oscillator are stopped. The main SRAM is kept in a low-power state. Wake-up latency is slow. It draws current between 1 uA to 50 uA.

=== &lt;u&gt;Hibernate / Standby:-&lt;/u&gt; ===
Power is blocked to almost the entire silicon chip except for the basic real-time clock and specialized wake-up pins. Wake-up latency is slowest. It draws current below 1uA.
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Sleep Mode
!What is OFF
!What is ON
!Typical Current
!Wake-up Time
|-
|Active Mode
|N/A
|Nearly everything
|15mA - 80mA
|No need
|-
|Light Sleep
|CPU, most peripherals
|RAM, RTC, selected peripherals
|0.1mA - 1mA
|Very fast
|-
|Deep Sleep
|CPU, RAM, most peripherals
|RTC, wake-up logic
|1uA - 50uA
|Slow
|-
|Hibernate
|Nearly everything
|Only wake-up pin logic
|Below 1uA
|Slowest
|}</text>
      <sha1>rmes640wl7vw9ew7aoxzw4wq48vt6tg</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4680643</id>
      <parentid>4680642</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-07T10:02:37Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>PiyushLpu</username>
        <id>3629949</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4680643</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2205" sha1="maue4ddze44be7kijmexxuy6zubd5r6" xml:space="preserve">= Deep Sleep Mechanics &amp; Microcontroller Power States =
Imagine making an outdoor environmental sensor that is powered by a standard 2000 mAh Li-ion battery. If your code works on continuous loop statements then your microcontroller will run instructions at full system clock speed non-stop. Because of that it will draw a current of 30mA to 50 mA. Therefore, draining the battery completely within 4 days. 

To make an embedded device that can run for months or years, we have to shift the firmware architectures from continuous execution to power-managed execution. By prioritizing  the internal sleep states of modern silicon, so that we can reduce the current consumption from milliamps to a few microamps.

== 1. Microcontroller Power States ==
Modern microcontroller like ARM Cortex-M, ESP32 divides the internal hardware into separate power domains. Low-power modes disables high-frequency clocks, peripheral buses and core execution logic.

=== Active Mode:- ===
The CPU core runs continuously at full system clock speed by using the high-speed internal or external oscillators. Peripherals like SPI,UART,I2C are fully powered. It draws current between 15mA to 80mA.

=== Idle / Light Sleep:- ===
Code execution is terminated by turning off the CPU clock, but the main SRAM and peripheral buses remain active. Wake-up latency is very fast. It draws current between 1mA to 5 mA.

=== Deep Sleep:- ===
The CPU core is powered off and the high-speed clock oscillator are stopped. The main SRAM is kept in a low-power state. Wake-up latency is slow. It draws current between 1 uA to 50 uA.

=== Hibernate / Standby:- ===
Power is blocked to almost the entire silicon chip except for the basic real-time clock and specialized wake-up pins. Wake-up latency is slowest. It draws current below 1uA.
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Sleep Mode
!What is OFF
!What is ON
!Typical Current
!Wake-up Time
|-
|Active Mode
|N/A
|Nearly everything
|15mA - 80mA
|No need
|-
|Light Sleep
|CPU, most peripherals
|RAM, RTC, selected peripherals
|0.1mA - 1mA
|Very fast
|-
|Deep Sleep
|CPU, RAM, most peripherals
|RTC, wake-up logic
|1uA - 50uA
|Slow
|-
|Hibernate
|Nearly everything
|Only wake-up pin logic
|Below 1uA
|Slowest
|}</text>
      <sha1>maue4ddze44be7kijmexxuy6zubd5r6</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4680644</id>
      <parentid>4680643</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-07T10:11:00Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>PiyushLpu</username>
        <id>3629949</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>minor changes</comment>
      <origin>4680644</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2198" sha1="4h53c6zie0sjiv66v2l1o2137a69zmq" xml:space="preserve">= Deep Sleep Mechanics &amp; Microcontroller Power States =
Imagine making an outdoor environmental sensor that is powered by a standard 2000 mAh Li-ion battery. If your code works on continuous loop statements then your microcontroller will run instructions at full system clock speed non-stop. Because of that it will draw a current of 30mA to 50 mA. Therefore, draining the battery completely within 4 days. 

To make an embedded device that can run for months or years, we have to shift the firmware architectures from continuous execution to power-managed execution. By prioritizing  the internal sleep states of modern silicon, so that we can reduce the current consumption from milliamps to a few microamps.

== 1. Microcontroller Power States ==
Modern microcontroller like ARM Cortex-M, ESP32 divides the internal hardware into separate power domains. Low-power modes disables high-frequency clocks, peripheral buses and core execution logic.

'''Active Mode:-'''

The CPU core runs continuously at full system clock speed by using the high-speed internal or external oscillators. Peripherals like SPI,UART,I2C are fully powered. It draws current between 15mA to 80mA.

'''Idle / Light Sleep:-'''

Code execution is halted by turning off the CPU clock, but the main SRAM and peripheral buses remain active. Wake-up latency is very fast. It draws current between 1mA to 5 mA.

'''Deep Sleep:-'''

The CPU core is powered off and the high-speed clock oscillator are stopped. The main SRAM is kept in a low-power state. Wake-up latency is slow. It draws current between 5 uA to 150 uA.

'''Hibernate / Standby:-'''

Power is blocked to almost the entire silicon chip except for the basic real-time clock and specialized wake-up pins. Wake-up latency is slowest. It draws current below 1uA.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Sleep Mode
!What is OFF
!What is ON
!Typical Current
!Wake-up Time
|-
|Active Mode
|N/A
|Nearly everything
|15mA - 80mA
|No need
|-
|Light Sleep
|CPU, most peripherals
|RAM, RTC, selected peripherals
|1mA - 5mA
|Very fast
|-
|Deep Sleep
|CPU, RAM, most peripherals
|RTC, wake-up logic
|5uA - 150uA
|Slow
|-
|Hibernate
|Nearly everything
|Only wake-up pin logic
|Below 1uA
|Slowest
|}</text>
      <sha1>4h53c6zie0sjiv66v2l1o2137a69zmq</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...c6/2. d4/2...d5/3. Bd3</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>486688</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4680431</id>
      <parentid>4679322</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T15:27:54Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>JCrue</username>
        <id>2226064</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4680431</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1417" sha1="bgyar541ufsyipxji8w1ivrbsak4mlw" xml:space="preserve">{{Chess Opening Theory/Position
|name=Caro-Kann defence
|eco=[[Chess/ECOB|B12]]
|parent=[[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...c6|Caro-Kann defence]] → [[../|2...d5]]
}}
== 3. Bd3 ==
{{Chess/sideline}}
3. Bd3 prepares to recapture on e4. This is slightly unorthodox but it might have potential as a surprise weapon to take Black out of familiar Caro–Kann theory.

After '''3...dxe4''' 4. Bxe4 Black can develop 4...Nf6 with tempo, and White is forced to either move the bishop again or play 5. Nc3 Nxe4 6. Nxe4 and give up the bishop pair. After 5. Bf3 instead, Black has several options of which 5...Bf5 is most common.

===History===
[[w:Jacques Mieses|Jacques Mieses]] (1865―1954) played this line against [[w:Oldřich Duras|Oldřich Duras]] in Vienna, 1907.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.chessgames.com/perl/chessgame?gid=1148834 Mieses v Duras, 1907. Chessgames.com]&lt;/ref&gt;

It was been played by Indian grandmaster Chithambaram V R Aravindh against Raunak Sadhwani in the Asian Continental, 2019, where Aravindh won in a chaotic battle.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.chessgames.com/perl/chessgame?gid=1964695 Aravindh v Sadhwani, 2019. Chessgames.com]&lt;/ref&gt; 

==Theory table==
{{ChessTable}}
{{Chess/theory table
|line1=3...dxe4 &lt;!-- STEP 8: complete the line --&gt;
|line2=3...Nf6 &lt;!-- STEP 8: complete the line --&gt;
}}
{{ChessMid}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==See also==
{{wikipedia|Caro–Kann Defence}}

{{Chess Opening Theory/Footer}}</text>
      <sha1>bgyar541ufsyipxji8w1ivrbsak4mlw</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4680433</id>
      <parentid>4680431</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T15:48:08Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>JCrue</username>
        <id>2226064</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>/* 3. Bd3 */</comment>
      <origin>4680433</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1609" sha1="t4r5pdpekwp9j0l4ps9fodbpng4dfp7" xml:space="preserve">{{Chess Opening Theory/Position
|name=Caro-Kann defence
|eco=[[Chess/ECOB|B12]]
|parent=[[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...c6|Caro-Kann defence]] → [[../|2...d5]]
}}
== 3. Bd3 ==
{{Chess/sideline}}
3. Bd3 prepares to recapture on e4. This is slightly unorthodox but it might have potential as a surprise weapon to take Black out of familiar Caro–Kann theory.

After '''3...dxe4''' 4. Bxe4 Black can develop 4...Nf6 with tempo, and White is forced to either move the bishop again or play 5. Nc3 Nxe4 6. Nxe4 and give up the bishop pair. After 5. Bf3 instead, Black has several options of which 5...Bf5 is most common.

If '''3...Nf6?!''' 4. e5! kicks the knight. 4...Nd7 5. e6! is the Landau gambit: the e-pawn can't be taken as 5...fxe6?? leads to forced mate in three. 6. Qh5+ g6 7. Bxg6+ hxg6 8. Qxg6# 1-0. 

===History===
[[w:Jacques Mieses|Jacques Mieses]] (1865―1954) played this line against [[w:Oldřich Duras|Oldřich Duras]] in Vienna, 1907.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.chessgames.com/perl/chessgame?gid=1148834 Mieses v Duras, 1907. Chessgames.com]&lt;/ref&gt;

It was been played by Indian grandmaster Chithambaram V R Aravindh against Raunak Sadhwani in the Asian Continental, 2019, where Aravindh won in a chaotic battle.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.chessgames.com/perl/chessgame?gid=1964695 Aravindh v Sadhwani, 2019. Chessgames.com]&lt;/ref&gt;

==Theory table==
{{ChessTable}}
{{Chess/theory table
|line1=3...dxe4 &lt;!-- STEP 8: complete the line --&gt;
|line2=3...Nf6 &lt;!-- STEP 8: complete the line --&gt;
}}
{{ChessMid}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==See also==
{{wikipedia|Caro–Kann Defence}}

{{Chess Opening Theory/Footer}}</text>
      <sha1>t4r5pdpekwp9j0l4ps9fodbpng4dfp7</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4680437</id>
      <parentid>4680433</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T15:53:44Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>JCrue</username>
        <id>2226064</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>/* History */</comment>
      <origin>4680437</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1604" sha1="1ibpu5bncnt15ee4bcr0c1ja10enqcn" xml:space="preserve">{{Chess Opening Theory/Position
|name=Caro-Kann defence
|eco=[[Chess/ECOB|B12]]
|parent=[[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...c6|Caro-Kann defence]] → [[../|2...d5]]
}}
== 3. Bd3 ==
{{Chess/sideline}}
3. Bd3 prepares to recapture on e4. This is slightly unorthodox but it might have potential as a surprise weapon to take Black out of familiar Caro–Kann theory.

After '''3...dxe4''' 4. Bxe4 Black can develop 4...Nf6 with tempo, and White is forced to either move the bishop again or play 5. Nc3 Nxe4 6. Nxe4 and give up the bishop pair. After 5. Bf3 instead, Black has several options of which 5...Bf5 is most common.

If '''3...Nf6?!''' 4. e5! kicks the knight. 4...Nd7 5. e6! is the Landau gambit: the e-pawn can't be taken as 5...fxe6?? leads to forced mate in three. 6. Qh5+ g6 7. Bxg6+ hxg6 8. Qxg6# 1-0. 

===History===
[[w:Jacques Mieses|Jacques Mieses]] (1865―1954) played this line against [[w:Oldřich Duras|Oldřich Duras]] in Vienna, 1907.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.chessgames.com/perl/chessgame?gid=1148834 Mieses v Duras, 1907. Chessgames.com]&lt;/ref&gt;

It was played by Indian grandmaster Chithambaram V R Aravindh against Raunak Sadhwani in the Asian Continental, 2019, where Aravindh won in a chaotic battle.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.chessgames.com/perl/chessgame?gid=1964695 Aravindh v Sadhwani, 2019. Chessgames.com]&lt;/ref&gt;

==Theory table==
{{ChessTable}}
{{Chess/theory table
|line1=3...dxe4 &lt;!-- STEP 8: complete the line --&gt;
|line2=3...Nf6 &lt;!-- STEP 8: complete the line --&gt;
}}
{{ChessMid}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==See also==
{{wikipedia|Caro–Kann Defence}}

{{Chess Opening Theory/Footer}}</text>
      <sha1>1ibpu5bncnt15ee4bcr0c1ja10enqcn</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...c6/2. d4/2...d5/3. Bd3/3...dxe4/4. Bxe4/4...Nf6/5. Bf3</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>486693</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4680436</id>
      <parentid>4679387</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T15:53:02Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>JCrue</username>
        <id>2226064</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>4680436</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="509" sha1="9syo0uiyal2ygn7dswlms6g5qazadym" xml:space="preserve">
== 5. Bf3 ==
The bishop settles on f3. From here it watches the h1–a8 diagonal, keeps an eye on the g4 square and prepares the kingside expansion that characterises the line. White plans Ne2, castling and, in some lines, g2–g4.

* 5...Bf5 is the most common move, developing the light-squared bishop in typical Caro–Kann style. White can answer with 6. g4.
* 5...g6 fianchettoes the dark-squared bishop and is one of Black's most solid replies.
* 5...Nbd7 prepares the central break ...e5.

{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>9syo0uiyal2ygn7dswlms6g5qazadym</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...c6/2. d4/2...d5/3. Bd3/3...dxe4/4. Bxe4/4...Nf6/5. Bf3/5...Bf5</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>486694</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4680435</id>
      <parentid>4679386</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T15:52:46Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>JCrue</username>
        <id>2226064</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>4680435</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="410" sha1="l7vowyh91g0m4wp3gah767l1s8pljdy" xml:space="preserve">
== 5...Bf5 ==
Black brings the light-squared bishop out before playing ...e6, as in many Caro–Kann lines. The drawback here is that the bishop on f5 has no pawn on e4 to bite on and nothing defending it, which makes it a target for White's kingside pawns.

* 6. g4 attacks the bishop immediately and gains space on the kingside.
* 6. Ne2 is a quieter alternative, simply continuing development.

{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>l7vowyh91g0m4wp3gah767l1s8pljdy</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...c6/2. d4/2...d5/3. Bd3/3...dxe4/4. Bxe4/4...Nf6/5. Bf3/5...Bf5/6. g4</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>486695</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4680434</id>
      <parentid>4680310</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T15:50:04Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>JCrue</username>
        <id>2226064</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>rm name. I support Johnanth's nomination</comment>
      <origin>4680434</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1327" sha1="05tr25zelh6vcd9qy0wme8nuodb0x0m" xml:space="preserve">{{delete|reason=Chess openings are named based on their notability, i.e. played regularly, played by world-class players, or titled opening specialists, and having written material covering the opening. This variation is one the author has penned after their name (as confirmed in a discussion on the [https://github.com/lichess-org/chess-openings/pull/415 Lichess Chess Openings GitHub]) and does not currently meet notability criteria. As such, I am proposing removing this opening. -- [[User:Johnanth|Johnanth]] ([[User talk:Johnanth|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Johnanth|contribs]]) 21:45, 5 November 2026 (UTC)}}

{{Chess Opening Theory/Position
|name=Caro–Kann Defence
|eco=[[Chess/ECOB|B12]]
|parent=[[../|5...Bf5]]
}}
== 6. g4 ==
'''6. g4''' is the critical answer to 5...Bf5 and the most ambitious way of handling the Mieses Attack. The pawn hits the undefended bishop and claims space on the kingside.

The bishop usually retreats with '''6...Bg6'''. White then plays h4, intending to chase the bishop again, with Ne2 and Nf4 as a further idea. A typical continuation is 7. h4 h5 8. g5 Nd5 9. e2 e6, with white keeping the initiative on the kingside.&lt;ref&gt;[https://lichess.org/J1qwsG6O Ditrealman v StrapoChi02M, Lichess 2026]&lt;/ref&gt;

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Chess Opening Theory/Footer}}
{{ChessStub}}</text>
      <sha1>05tr25zelh6vcd9qy0wme8nuodb0x0m</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>User:Yadasaichaithanya/sandbox</title>
    <ns>2</ns>
    <id>486697</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4680539</id>
      <parentid>4680265</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T18:11:35Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Yadasaichaithanya</username>
        <id>3629536</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4680539</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1472" sha1="erltorpis6ndbh6lmivci01lx9m1t8o" xml:space="preserve">= Digital Data Storage in Semi-Conductors(Methods of DATA STORAGE in VLSI and ULSI) =

== Semi-Conductor Memory ==
Memory is a part of CPU (or Processor) which stores information in the form of Binary data.This memory is accessed millions of times in a second, that is the reason we require speed and accuracy.Very fast Semiconductor memory is available today in modules with several TB (a Terabyte is one thousand billion bytes ) of capacity.

Each storage element in a memory have either 1 or 0 and is called a cell.memories are made up of array of cells. Each block in memory array represents one storage cell,64 cells arranged in 8x8 array,which can be called either 64-bit memory.The location of a unit of data in memory array is its address

=== Memory Operations ===

==== The Write Operation ====
[[File:Byte-Organized Memory Diagram.png|right|387x387px]]A write operation is used to store data in a specific memory location.First, the address of the memory location is placed on the address bus, and the data to be stored is placed on the data bus.In the 8X8 byte-organized memory, suppose we want to store the data '10110010' at memory address '011' is sent through the address bus to the address decoder, which selects memory row 3.Next, the data 10110010 iss placed on the 8-bit data bus, and the control signal is set to WRITE (W). The selected memory location stores the new data.If any data was already present at address 3, it will be replaced by 10110010.</text>
      <sha1>erltorpis6ndbh6lmivci01lx9m1t8o</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4680641</id>
      <parentid>4680539</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-07T08:59:00Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Yadasaichaithanya</username>
        <id>3629536</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4680641</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4833" sha1="3d7ezy8dxoc674vuiyhuko6bq18rbz0" xml:space="preserve">= Digital Data Storage in Semi-Conductors(Methods of DATA STORAGE in VLSI and ULSI) =

== Semi-Conductor Memory ==
Memory is a part of CPU (or Processor) which stores information in the form of Binary data.This memory is accessed millions of times in a second, that is the reason we require speed and accuracy.Very fast Semiconductor memory is available today in modules with several TB (a Terabyte is one thousand billion bytes ) of capacity.

Each storage element in a memory have either 1 or 0 and is called a cell.memories are made up of array of cells. Each block in memory array represents one storage cell,64 cells arranged in 8x8 array,which can be called either 64-bit memory.The location of a unit of data in memory array is its address

=== Memory Operations ===

==== The Write Operation ====
[[File:Byte-Organized Memory Diagram.png|right|387x387px]]A write operation is used to store data in a specific memory location.First, the address of the memory location is placed on the address bus, and the data to be stored is placed on the data bus.In the 8X8 byte-organized memory, suppose we want to store the data '10110010' at memory address '011' is sent through the address bus to the address decoder, which selects memory row 3.Next, the data 10110010 iss placed on the 8-bit data bus, and the control signal is set to WRITE (W). The selected memory location stores the new data.If any data was already present at address 3, it will be replaced by 10110010.

==== The Read Operation ====
A read operation is used to retrieve data from a particular memory location.First, the required memory address is placed on the address bus the address decoder identifies the corresponding memory location and selects that row. WHen the READ (R) command is given, the data stored in the selected location is transferred through the data bus into the data register. The same data also remains stored in its orginal memory location. This process is called a non-destructive read operation

Example values

address bus =011;selected memory row=3; data stored = 00101100; control= READ (R); data register= 00101100

== Methods of Data storage in Semi-Conductor ==

=== RAM (Random Access Memory) ===

==== A. SRAM (Static-Random Access Memory) ====
SRAM is flip flop based RAM, to store each bit of memory we need to make Latch(it fundamental building block of flip flop) of memory using 4 to 6 transistors. It uses cross coupled inverters that continuously feed into each other. It doesnt require refresh in perodic cycles, as it is volatile in nature i.e flip flop state remains stable as we supply electricity. It losts its data once supplied power supply is turned off as flip flops lose their state and all data is cleared. SRAM are usually extremely fast with very less latency and high effecient but it requires many transistors per bit,this makes it size large.it is used for high speed CPU cache memory.SRAM is divided into two types Asynchronous SRAM and Synchronous SRAM with Burst feature.

==== B.DRAM (Dynamic-Random Access Memory) ====
DRAM is capacitor based RAM, to store each bit of memory we need 1 transistor and 1 capacitor. It stores each bit of data in the form of electrical charges in small capacitor, within time these charges leak away.Without a refresh, The data disappears or corrupts.standard DRAM (like ddr4) requires refresh every 64 milliseconds.it is also volatile in nature.It is slower than SRAM as it need time to fetch data from capacitors and refresh cycles.It is denser than SRAM as it allows much larger capacities in a smaller place.it used for main system memory.DRAM is divided into 4 types Fast Page Mode RAM (FPM RAM), Extended Data Out DRAM (EDO DRAM), Burst  EDO DRAM (BEDO RAM), Synchronous DRAM (SDRAM).

=== ROM (Read Only Memory) ===

==== A.Flash memory ====
There are three main operations done by flash memory:the programming operation,the read operation and th erase operation.The programming operations adds charge (i.e electrons) to floting gate of those mos trasnsitor cells that are to store a 0, No charge is added to cell which should store 1. As In starting  all cells are at 1 state because charge was removed from each cell in a previous erase operation. After programming, a cell can retain the charge for upto 100 years without any external power.

During read operation, a positive voltage is applied to control gate of memory transistor to check the charge stored in its floating gate. Depending on the stored charge, the transistor turns on or off, and the sensing circuit detects the current to identify weather the stored bit is 0 or 1. the orginal data remains unchanged during reading. During an erase operatioin, a suitable voltage is applied to their erased state. Flash memory generally erases data in blocks, making the cells ready for new data programming.</text>
      <sha1>3d7ezy8dxoc674vuiyhuko6bq18rbz0</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4680645</id>
      <parentid>4680641</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-07T10:46:19Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Yadasaichaithanya</username>
        <id>3629536</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4680645</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="6430" sha1="fwfi82zlpgoo6e2jhvjjbfinlv7xm67" xml:space="preserve">= Digital Data Storage in Semi-Conductors(Methods of DATA STORAGE in VLSI and ULSI) =

== Semi-Conductor Memory ==
Memory is a part of CPU (or Processor) which stores information in the form of Binary data.This memory is accessed millions of times in a second, that is the reason we require speed and accuracy.Very fast Semiconductor memory is available today in modules with several TB (a Terabyte is one thousand billion bytes ) of capacity.

Each storage element in a memory have either 1 or 0 and is called a cell.memories are made up of array of cells. Each block in memory array represents one storage cell,64 cells arranged in 8x8 array,which can be called either 64-bit memory.The location of a unit of data in memory array is its address

=== Memory Operations ===

==== The Write Operation ====
[[File:Byte-Organized Memory Diagram.png|right|387x387px]]A write operation is used to store data in a specific memory location.First, the address of the memory location is placed on the address bus, and the data to be stored is placed on the data bus.In the 8X8 byte-organized memory, suppose we want to store the data '10110010' at memory address '011' is sent through the address bus to the address decoder, which selects memory row 3.Next, the data 10110010 iss placed on the 8-bit data bus, and the control signal is set to WRITE (W). The selected memory location stores the new data.If any data was already present at address 3, it will be replaced by 10110010.

==== The Read Operation ====
A read operation is used to retrieve data from a particular memory location.First, the required memory address is placed on the address bus the address decoder identifies the corresponding memory location and selects that row. WHen the READ (R) command is given, the data stored in the selected location is transferred through the data bus into the data register. The same data also remains stored in its orginal memory location. This process is called a non-destructive read operation

Example values

address bus =011;selected memory row=3; data stored = 00101100; control= READ (R); data register= 00101100

== Methods of Data storage in Semi-Conductor ==

=== RAM (Random Access Memory) ===

==== A. SRAM (Static-Random Access Memory) ====
SRAM is flip flop based RAM, to store each bit of memory we need to make Latch(it fundamental building block of flip flop) of memory using 4 to 6 transistors. It uses cross coupled inverters that continuously feed into each other. It doesnt require refresh in perodic cycles, as it is volatile in nature i.e flip flop state remains stable as we supply electricity. It losts its data once supplied power supply is turned off as flip flops lose their state and all data is cleared. SRAM are usually extremely fast with very less latency and high effecient but it requires many transistors per bit,this makes it size large.it is used for high speed CPU cache memory.SRAM is divided into two types Asynchronous SRAM and Synchronous SRAM with Burst feature.

==== B.DRAM (Dynamic-Random Access Memory) ====
DRAM is capacitor based RAM, to store each bit of memory we need 1 transistor and 1 capacitor. It stores each bit of data in the form of electrical charges in small capacitor, within time these charges leak away.Without a refresh, The data disappears or corrupts.standard DRAM (like ddr4) requires refresh every 64 milliseconds.it is also volatile in nature.It is slower than SRAM as it need time to fetch data from capacitors and refresh cycles.It is denser than SRAM as it allows much larger capacities in a smaller place.it used for main system memory.DRAM is divided into 4 types Fast Page Mode RAM (FPM RAM), Extended Data Out DRAM (EDO DRAM), Burst  EDO DRAM (BEDO RAM), Synchronous DRAM (SDRAM).

=== Flash Memory ===
There are three main operations done by flash memory:the programming operation,the read operation and th erase operation.The programming operations adds charge (i.e electrons) to floting gate of those mos trasnsitor cells that are to store a 0, No charge is added to cell which should store 1. As In starting  all cells are at 1 state because charge was removed from each cell in a previous erase operation. After programming, a cell can retain the charge for upto 100 years without any external power.

During read operation, a positive voltage is applied to control gate of memory transistor to check the charge stored in its floating gate. Depending on the stored charge, the transistor turns on or off, and the sensing circuit detects the current to identify weather the stored bit is 0 or 1. the orginal data remains unchanged during reading. During an erase operatioin, a suitable voltage is applied to their erased state. Flash memory generally erases data in blocks, making the cells ready for new data programming.

==== A.NAND Flash Memory ====
In NAND,cells are connected in series, chain like structure.It is denser as its footprint is smaller.It have slower read speed (slower random read). It have fast writting and erasing block-level.we cannot execute code directly.In the process of erasing and writing data to a cell,Each cycle causes tiny amount of wear tear to insulating oxide layer trapping electrons, These enduracnce (P/E cycles),endurance of NAND flash memory is 1000 to 10000. It is suitable for where you need to hold large amount of data such as SSDs, Memory cards, USB drives

==== B.NOR Flash Memory ====
In NOR,cells are connected in prallel, its branch like structure. It is less denser as its footprints are larger. It have fast read speed (Fast random read).With this a processor can run code directly off the chip without copying it to RAM first.These are more expensive than NAND Flash Memory. It have slow writting speed and slower bit level erasing.It also allows us to write and direct code execution.These are unlike NAND Flash Memory have higher cycles upto 10000 to 100000.These are best for Storing frimware, BIOS/UEFI chips,microcontroller, embedded boot code.

=== ROM (Read Only Memory) ===
A ROM data can be read through memory but cannot be changed at all but few can be changed with only few special equipments.i.e we say it can store permanently or semi-permanently stored data.As ROM is non volatile memory it can retain stored data when power is off. It stores data that are regularly used in system application like, conversions, tables or programmed instructions for system initialization and operation</text>
      <sha1>fwfi82zlpgoo6e2jhvjjbfinlv7xm67</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Professionalism/Air India Flight 171</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>486812</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4680562</id>
      <parentid>4680070</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T20:08:40Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Yqj3km</username>
        <id>3579825</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Professionalism and Deflection of Responsibility */</comment>
      <origin>4680562</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3360" sha1="cgho9b1ldr59ekcz8g0oak9tn7hkl1z" xml:space="preserve">'''CLASS PROJECT IN PROGRESS: DO NOT DELETE'''

== Background ==
On June 12, 2025, Air India Flight 171 took off from Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel International Airport in Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India en route to London Gatwick Airport. At 8:09 UTC, the plane crashed into the Byramjee Jeejeebhoy Medical College student housing buildings, 32 seconds after takeoff. The crash killed 229 of the 230 passengers, all 12 crew members, and 19 people on the ground, bringing the total death rate to 260 people. Additionally, 67 people were injured.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |title=Air India Flight 171 |date=2026-11-02 |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Air_India_Flight_171&amp;oldid=1383313049 |work=Wikipedia |access-date=2026-11-04 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;  

The plane was a Boeing 787-8 Dreamliner registered as VT-ANB. It joined the Air India fleet in January 2014, and recorded 41,868 hours of flight-time. Both of the plane's engines, General Electric GEnx-1B70, were installed less than three months before the crash.&lt;ref&gt;https://aaib.gov.in/What%27s%20New%20Assets/Preliminary%20Report%20VT-ANB.pdf&lt;/ref&gt;  

== Investigation and Timeline ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+
!Date
!Event
|-
|June 12, 2025
|Flight AI171 crashes.
|-
|July 12, 2025
|Preliminary investigation report published by India's AAIB.
|-
|June 12, 2026
|One-year interim statement issued by India's AAIB.
|-
|(insert)
|
|-
|
|
|-
|
|
|-
|
|
|}

== Institutional Responses ==

=== Air India ===

=== Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) ===

=== Aircraft Accident Investigation Bureau (AAIB) ===

=== UK Government ===

== Professionalism and Deflection of Responsibility ==
On April 7, 2026, Air India announced the resignation of their CEO Campbell Wilson, citing his success in bringing the airline from public to private and his readiness to &quot;hand over the reins for the next phase of Air India’s rise&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Announcement |url=https://www.airindia.com/in/en/newsroom/press-release/Announcement.html |access-date=2026-11-06 |website=www.airindia.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; However, news sources reference the impact of financial losses and increased scrutiny following the crash of Flight 171. Contrary to Air India's statement, the company was grappling with immense restructuring and refurbishing operations while also dealing with safety concerns.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2026-04-07 |title=Air India: CEO Campbell Wilson steps down early as losses mount |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cvg49gq9y16o |access-date=2026-11-06 |website=www.bbc.com |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Campbell Wilson was tapped to join the board of directors of Air New Zealand on August 18, 2026.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2026-08-18 |title=Air New Zealand taps former Air India CEO Campbell Wilson for board |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/business/air-new-zealand-taps-former-air-india-ceo-campbell-wilson-board-2026-08-18/ |access-date=2026-11-06}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Under the guise of &quot;handing over the reins&quot;, Wilson absolves himself of responsibility by removing himself from the public scrutiny as the face of Air India. Furthermore, the fact that he was still selected to join Air New Zealand's governing board shows that this setback has not impacted his career in the eyes of other employers. 

== Conclusion and Future Updates ==

== References ==
&lt;references /&gt;
{{BookCat}}
{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>cgho9b1ldr59ekcz8g0oak9tn7hkl1z</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4680563</id>
      <parentid>4680562</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T20:15:07Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Yqj3km</username>
        <id>3579825</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Investigation and Timeline */</comment>
      <origin>4680563</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3414" sha1="qkydpq5b0ddyu0e0v0nkthxxzwtrjy3" xml:space="preserve">'''CLASS PROJECT IN PROGRESS: DO NOT DELETE'''

== Background ==
On June 12, 2025, Air India Flight 171 took off from Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel International Airport in Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India en route to London Gatwick Airport. At 8:09 UTC, the plane crashed into the Byramjee Jeejeebhoy Medical College student housing buildings, 32 seconds after takeoff. The crash killed 229 of the 230 passengers, all 12 crew members, and 19 people on the ground, bringing the total death rate to 260 people. Additionally, 67 people were injured.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |title=Air India Flight 171 |date=2026-11-02 |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Air_India_Flight_171&amp;oldid=1383313049 |work=Wikipedia |access-date=2026-11-04 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;  

The plane was a Boeing 787-8 Dreamliner registered as VT-ANB. It joined the Air India fleet in January 2014, and recorded 41,868 hours of flight-time. Both of the plane's engines, General Electric GEnx-1B70, were installed less than three months before the crash.&lt;ref&gt;https://aaib.gov.in/What%27s%20New%20Assets/Preliminary%20Report%20VT-ANB.pdf&lt;/ref&gt;  

== Investigation and Timeline ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+
!Date
!Event
|-
|June 12, 2025
|Flight AI171 crashes.
|-
|July 12, 2025
|Preliminary investigation report published by India's AAIB.
|-
|April 7, 2026
|Air India CEO Campbell Wilson steps down.
|-
|June 12, 2026
|One-year interim statement issued by India's AAIB.
|-
|(insert)
|
|-
|
|
|-
|
|
|}

== Institutional Responses ==

=== Air India ===

=== Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) ===

=== Aircraft Accident Investigation Bureau (AAIB) ===

=== UK Government ===

== Professionalism and Deflection of Responsibility ==
On April 7, 2026, Air India announced the resignation of their CEO Campbell Wilson, citing his success in bringing the airline from public to private and his readiness to &quot;hand over the reins for the next phase of Air India’s rise&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Announcement |url=https://www.airindia.com/in/en/newsroom/press-release/Announcement.html |access-date=2026-11-06 |website=www.airindia.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; However, news sources reference the impact of financial losses and increased scrutiny following the crash of Flight 171. Contrary to Air India's statement, the company was grappling with immense restructuring and refurbishing operations while also dealing with safety concerns.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2026-04-07 |title=Air India: CEO Campbell Wilson steps down early as losses mount |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cvg49gq9y16o |access-date=2026-11-06 |website=www.bbc.com |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Campbell Wilson was tapped to join the board of directors of Air New Zealand on August 18, 2026.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2026-08-18 |title=Air New Zealand taps former Air India CEO Campbell Wilson for board |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/business/air-new-zealand-taps-former-air-india-ceo-campbell-wilson-board-2026-08-18/ |access-date=2026-11-06}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Under the guise of &quot;handing over the reins&quot;, Wilson absolves himself of responsibility by removing himself from the public scrutiny as the face of Air India. Furthermore, the fact that he was still selected to join Air New Zealand's governing board shows that this setback has not impacted his career in the eyes of other employers. 

== Conclusion and Future Updates ==

== References ==
&lt;references /&gt;
{{BookCat}}
{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>qkydpq5b0ddyu0e0v0nkthxxzwtrjy3</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4680595</id>
      <parentid>4680563</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-07T00:06:32Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Yqj3km</username>
        <id>3579825</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Professionalism and Deflection of Responsibility */</comment>
      <origin>4680595</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3602" sha1="hy6rru1dd3vo90il7gxkfx0s9a6xgpu" xml:space="preserve">'''CLASS PROJECT IN PROGRESS: DO NOT DELETE'''

== Background ==
On June 12, 2025, Air India Flight 171 took off from Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel International Airport in Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India en route to London Gatwick Airport. At 8:09 UTC, the plane crashed into the Byramjee Jeejeebhoy Medical College student housing buildings, 32 seconds after takeoff. The crash killed 229 of the 230 passengers, all 12 crew members, and 19 people on the ground, bringing the total death rate to 260 people. Additionally, 67 people were injured.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |title=Air India Flight 171 |date=2026-11-02 |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Air_India_Flight_171&amp;oldid=1383313049 |work=Wikipedia |access-date=2026-11-04 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;  

The plane was a Boeing 787-8 Dreamliner registered as VT-ANB. It joined the Air India fleet in January 2014, and recorded 41,868 hours of flight-time. Both of the plane's engines, General Electric GEnx-1B70, were installed less than three months before the crash.&lt;ref&gt;https://aaib.gov.in/What%27s%20New%20Assets/Preliminary%20Report%20VT-ANB.pdf&lt;/ref&gt;  

== Investigation and Timeline ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+
!Date
!Event
|-
|June 12, 2025
|Flight AI171 crashes.
|-
|July 12, 2025
|Preliminary investigation report published by India's AAIB.
|-
|April 7, 2026
|Air India CEO Campbell Wilson steps down.
|-
|June 12, 2026
|One-year interim statement issued by India's AAIB.
|-
|(insert)
|
|-
|
|
|-
|
|
|}

== Institutional Responses ==

=== Air India ===

=== Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) ===

=== Aircraft Accident Investigation Bureau (AAIB) ===

=== UK Government ===

== Professionalism and Deflection of Responsibility ==
On April 7, 2026, Air India announced the resignation of their CEO Campbell Wilson, citing his success in bringing the airline from public to private and his readiness to &quot;hand over the reins for the next phase of Air India’s rise&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Announcement |url=https://www.airindia.com/in/en/newsroom/press-release/Announcement.html |access-date=2026-11-06 |website=www.airindia.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; However, news sources reference the impact of financial losses and increased scrutiny following the crash of Flight 171. Contrary to Air India's statement, the company was grappling with immense restructuring and refurbishing operations while also dealing with safety concerns.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2026-04-07 |title=Air India: CEO Campbell Wilson steps down early as losses mount |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cvg49gq9y16o |access-date=2026-11-06 |website=www.bbc.com |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Campbell Wilson was tapped to join the board of directors of Air New Zealand on August 18, 2026.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2026-08-18 |title=Air New Zealand taps former Air India CEO Campbell Wilson for board |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/business/air-new-zealand-taps-former-air-india-ceo-campbell-wilson-board-2026-08-18/ |access-date=2026-11-06}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Under the guise of &quot;handing over the reins&quot;, Wilson is able to absolve himself of direct responsibility by removing himself from public scrutiny as the face of Air India. Especially with the final report not being released yet, the next CEO will face the brunt of the backlash despite not being the decisionmaker that led to these circumstances. Furthermore, the fact that he was still selected to join Air New Zealand's governing board shows that this setback has not impacted his career in the eyes of other employers. 

== Conclusion and Future Updates ==

== References ==
&lt;references /&gt;
{{BookCat}}
{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>hy6rru1dd3vo90il7gxkfx0s9a6xgpu</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4680598</id>
      <parentid>4680595</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-07T00:33:51Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Yqj3km</username>
        <id>3579825</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Professionalism and Deflection of Responsibility */</comment>
      <origin>4680598</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4036" sha1="1omwln32azt3dv87xrlmzbkm9sf7bi4" xml:space="preserve">'''CLASS PROJECT IN PROGRESS: DO NOT DELETE'''

== Background ==
On June 12, 2025, Air India Flight 171 took off from Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel International Airport in Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India en route to London Gatwick Airport. At 8:09 UTC, the plane crashed into the Byramjee Jeejeebhoy Medical College student housing buildings, 32 seconds after takeoff. The crash killed 229 of the 230 passengers, all 12 crew members, and 19 people on the ground, bringing the total death rate to 260 people. Additionally, 67 people were injured.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |title=Air India Flight 171 |date=2026-11-02 |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Air_India_Flight_171&amp;oldid=1383313049 |work=Wikipedia |access-date=2026-11-04 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;  

The plane was a Boeing 787-8 Dreamliner registered as VT-ANB. It joined the Air India fleet in January 2014, and recorded 41,868 hours of flight-time. Both of the plane's engines, General Electric GEnx-1B70, were installed less than three months before the crash.&lt;ref&gt;https://aaib.gov.in/What%27s%20New%20Assets/Preliminary%20Report%20VT-ANB.pdf&lt;/ref&gt;  

== Investigation and Timeline ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+
!Date
!Event
|-
|June 12, 2025
|Flight AI171 crashes.
|-
|July 12, 2025
|Preliminary investigation report published by India's AAIB.
|-
|April 7, 2026
|Air India CEO Campbell Wilson steps down.
|-
|June 12, 2026
|One-year interim statement issued by India's AAIB.
|-
|(insert)
|
|-
|
|
|-
|
|
|}

== Institutional Responses ==

=== Air India ===

=== Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) ===

=== Aircraft Accident Investigation Bureau (AAIB) ===

=== UK Government ===

== Professionalism and Deflection of Responsibility ==
On April 7, 2026, Air India announced the resignation of their CEO Campbell Wilson, citing his success in bringing the airline from public to private and his readiness to &quot;hand over the reins for the next phase of Air India’s rise&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Announcement |url=https://www.airindia.com/in/en/newsroom/press-release/Announcement.html |access-date=2026-11-06 |website=www.airindia.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; However, news sources reference the impact of financial losses and increased scrutiny following the crash of Flight 171. Contrary to Air India's statement, the company was grappling with immense restructuring and refurbishing operations while also dealing with safety concerns.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2026-04-07 |title=Air India: CEO Campbell Wilson steps down early as losses mount |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cvg49gq9y16o |access-date=2026-11-06 |website=www.bbc.com |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Campbell Wilson was tapped to join the board of directors of Air New Zealand on August 18, 2026.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2026-08-18 |title=Air New Zealand taps former Air India CEO Campbell Wilson for board |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/business/air-new-zealand-taps-former-air-india-ceo-campbell-wilson-board-2026-08-18/ |access-date=2026-11-06}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Under the guise of &quot;handing over the reins&quot;, Wilson is able to absolve himself of direct responsibility by removing himself from public scrutiny as the face of Air India. Especially with the final report not being released yet, the next CEO will face the brunt of the backlash despite not being the decisionmaker that led to these circumstances, and Wilson can continue to remain separate from those reactions. Furthermore, the fact that he was still selected to join Air New Zealand's governing board shows that this setback has not impacted his career or reputation in the eyes of other employers. 

Most concerningly, the fact that the investigation has taken so long with very little updates from official channels begs the question of whether a secondary narrative is being constructed to overshadow the evidence. With so many agencies and associations being involved, it is important to consider what other motives could be the cause of the delay.  

== Conclusion and Future Updates ==

== References ==
&lt;references /&gt;
{{BookCat}}
{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>1omwln32azt3dv87xrlmzbkm9sf7bi4</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4680610</id>
      <parentid>4680598</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-07T01:51:03Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Yqj3km</username>
        <id>3579825</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Professionalism and Deflection of Responsibility */</comment>
      <origin>4680610</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4337" sha1="mfple9p1waj55fd5fpf6n14hm67682y" xml:space="preserve">'''CLASS PROJECT IN PROGRESS: DO NOT DELETE'''

== Background ==
On June 12, 2025, Air India Flight 171 took off from Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel International Airport in Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India en route to London Gatwick Airport. At 8:09 UTC, the plane crashed into the Byramjee Jeejeebhoy Medical College student housing buildings, 32 seconds after takeoff. The crash killed 229 of the 230 passengers, all 12 crew members, and 19 people on the ground, bringing the total death rate to 260 people. Additionally, 67 people were injured.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |title=Air India Flight 171 |date=2026-11-02 |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Air_India_Flight_171&amp;oldid=1383313049 |work=Wikipedia |access-date=2026-11-04 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;  

The plane was a Boeing 787-8 Dreamliner registered as VT-ANB. It joined the Air India fleet in January 2014, and recorded 41,868 hours of flight-time. Both of the plane's engines, General Electric GEnx-1B70, were installed less than three months before the crash.&lt;ref&gt;https://aaib.gov.in/What%27s%20New%20Assets/Preliminary%20Report%20VT-ANB.pdf&lt;/ref&gt;  

== Investigation and Timeline ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+
!Date
!Event
|-
|June 12, 2025
|Flight AI171 crashes.
|-
|July 12, 2025
|Preliminary investigation report published by India's AAIB.
|-
|April 7, 2026
|Air India CEO Campbell Wilson steps down.
|-
|June 12, 2026
|One-year interim statement issued by India's AAIB.
|-
|(insert)
|
|-
|
|
|-
|
|
|}

== Institutional Responses ==

=== Air India ===

=== Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) ===

=== Aircraft Accident Investigation Bureau (AAIB) ===

=== UK Government ===

== Professionalism and Deflection of Responsibility ==
On April 7, 2026, Air India announced the resignation of their CEO Campbell Wilson, citing his success in bringing the airline from public to private and his readiness to &quot;hand over the reins for the next phase of Air India’s rise&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Announcement |url=https://www.airindia.com/in/en/newsroom/press-release/Announcement.html |access-date=2026-11-06 |website=www.airindia.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; However, news sources reference the impact of financial losses and increased scrutiny following the crash of Flight 171. Contrary to Air India's statement, the company was grappling with immense restructuring and refurbishing operations while also dealing with safety concerns.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2026-04-07 |title=Air India: CEO Campbell Wilson steps down early as losses mount |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cvg49gq9y16o |access-date=2026-11-06 |website=www.bbc.com |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; Given that the engines on Flight 171 were replaced less than three months before the crash, along with technical discrepancies regarding the fuel control switches and the thrust levers, it is possible that there were some gaps in the retrofitting and refurbishing processes that were not addressed.  

Campbell Wilson was tapped to join the board of directors of Air New Zealand on August 18, 2026.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2026-08-18 |title=Air New Zealand taps former Air India CEO Campbell Wilson for board |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/business/air-new-zealand-taps-former-air-india-ceo-campbell-wilson-board-2026-08-18/ |access-date=2026-11-06}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Under the guise of &quot;handing over the reins&quot;, Wilson is able to absolve himself of direct responsibility by removing himself from public scrutiny as the face of Air India. Especially with the final report not being released yet, the next CEO will face the brunt of the backlash despite not being the decisionmaker that led to these circumstances, and Wilson can continue to remain distanced from those reactions. Furthermore, the fact that he was still selected to join Air New Zealand's governing board shows that this setback has not impacted his career or reputation in the eyes of other employers. 

Most concerningly, the fact that the investigation has taken so long with very little updates from official channels begs the question of whether a secondary narrative is being constructed to overshadow the evidence. With so many agencies and associations being involved, it is important to consider what other motives could be the cause of the delay.  

== Conclusion and Future Updates ==

== References ==
&lt;references /&gt;
{{BookCat}}
{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>mfple9p1waj55fd5fpf6n14hm67682y</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Learn &amp; Earn</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>486925</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4680376</id>
      <parentid>4680278</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T12:20:00Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>MathXplore</username>
        <id>3097823</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Requesting deletion ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/User:TenWhile6/XReport|XReport]] v3.1d)</comment>
      <origin>4680376</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1961" sha1="e9ny5gmy33d0w5pbwhj5f7gp4b92vgh" xml:space="preserve">&lt;noinclude&gt;{{delete|1=Out of project scope &lt;small&gt;[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/User:TenWhile6/XReport|XReport]]&lt;/small&gt;}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;
= Learn &amp; Earn: Learn How to Learn. Earn Halal Rizq. =
''Learn &amp; Earn: Learn How to Learn. Earn Halal Rizq.'' is a book by Saalim Zayed that explores effective learning, personal development, practical skills, and earning through permissible means (halal rizq) within an Islamic ethical framework.

The book focuses on the relationship between acquiring knowledge and applying it to productive activities. Its central theme is that learning should extend beyond theoretical understanding and contribute to practical capabilities and meaningful work.

== Overview ==
The book addresses two interconnected subjects: learning how to learn and developing the ability to earn through useful skills and productive effort.

The first part concerns learning as an ongoing process, including the development of knowledge, understanding, and practical abilities. The second part connects those abilities with work, value creation, and the pursuit of income in accordance with Islamic ethical principles.

== Themes ==
The book explores several themes:

* '''Effective learning:''' Understanding how to acquire and apply knowledge.
* '''Skill development:''' Building practical abilities through continuous learning.
* '''Personal development:''' Developing discipline and taking responsibility for improvement.
* '''Halal rizq:''' Pursuing income through permissible and ethical means.
* '''Knowledge and action:''' Applying what is learned to real-world activities.

== Publication ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Detail
!Information
|-
|Title
|''Learn &amp; Earn: Learn How to Learn. Earn Halal Rizq.''
|-
|Author
|[[d:Q141657493|Saalim Zayed]]
|-
|Genre
|Non-fiction
|-
|Subject
|Learning, personal development, and halal earning
|-
|Publisher / Distributor
|Hukm Qalbi
|-
|Availability
|Amazon
|}

== External links ==

* Amazon edition
* Hukm Qalbi</text>
      <sha1>e9ny5gmy33d0w5pbwhj5f7gp4b92vgh</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>User:ProdigalSon98</title>
    <ns>2</ns>
    <id>486927</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4680378</id>
      <parentid>4680326</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T12:22:15Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>MathXplore</username>
        <id>3097823</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Requesting deletion ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/User:TenWhile6/XReport|XReport]] v3.1d)</comment>
      <origin>4680378</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="45052" sha1="hwpay6023huzc4qq42c3oumx3swvwqx" xml:space="preserve">&lt;noinclude&gt;{{delete|1=Out of project scope &lt;small&gt;[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/User:TenWhile6/XReport|XReport]]&lt;/small&gt;}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;
hello all prodigal Son here aka Christopher Pagano Ive been writing for the past 15-20 years my first series was the cursed angel-story of Rakar back in Y2K it was my first unofficial series and I still have the blueprints for it series I may go back and finish that but the project was paused while I went through things like my disability I do have Asperger's syndrome since I was a preteen I'm a pagan eclectic Italian Norse Ive been a major part f my music scene in California I'm a promoter of 7 years, a podcaster of 3 years, an audio tech for 4 years and lights engineer for 5 and 'I'm a stagehand for Broadway plays also for about 3-4 years at Gallo after a good decade of not writing in 2019-19-20 years after cursed angel I created chronicles of night on Wattpad after Covid hit Cali it's been 5--6 years since I published Chronicles off night there's currently 14 stories including two side stories and 5? 6? fanfictions currently we're at 29000 readers altogether including amazon too but I don't really like &quot;selling&quot; my work I just want people to read my work

you can find my work on all major Fanfiction or writing sites included:

wattpad

RoyalRoad

AO3(Im labelling it despite the site having issues)

scribblehub

writerscafe

Inkitt

to be soon:Squidgle

my username is &quot;prodigalSon89&quot; on most places


my work includes:

The Chronicles Of Night series volumes I-XIV(1-14 stories)

I.the forgotten diary

II.Trials of the outcast

III.the Serene rose at moonlight

IV.the the travels of the outcast

V.Finding Wonderland

VI.the hunt for the outcast

Sidequest; Unforgiven the untold story of Kaliya and Sarah

VII. the war for crescent city

VIII. When death calls us

IX. time stands still for no outcast

X.Hunters of ill intent

XI, Lost and found

XII. Return of the (k)nights

XIII.the outcast's essence of shadowed trauma

XIV. the mirror of marina

Chronicles of night crossFanfiction;

I. Heart of a warrior (Rwby X chronicles of night) ￼

II.Heart of warrior 2; the continuation

III. Cursed kings of the fractured doorways (Chronicle of night X kingdom hearts) ￼

IV. Looking through the looking glass (New York crossover I)

V.Darkside of the mirror(new York crossover II)

VI. Blissful end for a broken soul (new York crossover III)

VII. When death calls us (Dante's inferno crossover)

VIII. Crossover of light and dark (underworld, covenant, sherlock crossover) ￼.

IX.hunter of  illintent(Slight crossover of DMC,trinity blood, witchunter robin)

if you want more information we have a discord and a website

www.Nightraise.pagano-design.com


now I have either enticed you into learning more or Ive bored you so for the sake of those interested below is the synopsis of the story

now I remember someone ask me &quot;what do I want to leave people when they read my series &quot;everyone has a story, race, disabilities, gender, orientation's, everyone has potential of being great; teens, new adults, adults, with the story of Caleb (Ciaran) as a witch, Setsuna (Selena), judas, and Sarah as vampires, and Kali (Kaliya) as a fox deity, whose to have the only experience as a human? Like us? Who do we root for? Who do we love? Aimee, that's right, she's a human like you, like me. She bleeds like a human, she fights like a human, she has gifts like humans as a human as a police officer, she's thrown into this challenge like how we would, so what? So I want to give to people after they read my story? That being a human is always a challenge, but that's what makes it a gift. That's when it's called the present


In 1945, as the world was consumed by the devastation of World War II, another, darker war unfolded in secret. A supernatural scourge-something ancient and malevolent-bled through from the other side of reality, spreading across the land like a curse. Europe suffered the worst of it.

This hidden horror was unleashed by the Nazi Deathknights, a force that blurred the line between war and the occult. In response, the Vatican formed a covert division of warlocks, Hunters, and exorcists-an unseen army tasked with pushing back the darkness. They became a fragile beacon of hope in a world already on the brink of collapse.

Far from the front lines, in the city of Florence, a quiet home became the center of something far more dangerous than anyone could have imagined. A growing, oppressive presence settled over the household of twins, Selena and Ciaran, as if something unseen had taken notice of them.

As the war intensified, the twins found themselves caught between two forces: one seeking to preserve what was left of humanity, and the other intent on tearing it apart. Around them, the world bled. Lives were lost endlessly, flickering out like match flames in the night.

Until the day everything changed.

A young girl appeared at their doorstep-frightened, alone, and far from ordinary. She was a fox demon from Egypt, fleeing the chaos of both war and something far worse. The twins took her in without hesitation, promising to protect her. To keep her identity hidden, they gave her a new name: Kali. Her true name, Kaliya Amber, was buried along with the life she once knew.

Together, they taught her how to survive-to blend in, to stay unseen, to endure.

For a time, it worked.

Then the war found them.

In a single, devastating moment, their parents were taken from them-lost to the destruction that now reached even the places once thought safe. It was the first harsh truth they learned: everything comes at a cost.

Left alone, the twins clung to each other. Ciaran stepped into the role of protector, determined to keep what remained of his family together in a world that offered no mercy. Eventually, they were taken into an orphanage, where survival meant becoming something stronger, harder. Reinventing themselves, they became Caleb and Setsuna-names that would keep them hidden from those now searching for them.

There, they found others like themselves.

Judas and Sarah.

Not just fellow orphans, but something more-something like family.

And in a world ruled by war, loss, and darkness, that meant everything.

Now, how did I get involved? I went from tagging up my city and stealing what I could from people on the street to leaning into academics, opening my mind to strategies and the history of civilizations, which has taught me that fighting is about resources, alliances, contracts, but also brute force, luck, and an undeniable determination. I took my skillsets and trained as an Aesir warrior, learning the blade, and the conviction to cut my enemies throat, and not blink, and yet somehow my path has driven me against the Vatican.

A powerful Italian family disappeared overnight when their vehicle exploded with the parents inside. The children escaped before their enemies could come to wipe them out. They became an orphaned triplet, and met an a boy a few years older during this journey - Judas Lastra.

I had to train against a slew of nightmarish creatures. There was a mad children-eating butcher, a girl obsessed with the devil who was a sex-crazed black widow, and a house that had Medusa's Gaze, and nearly turned me to stone, and lastly an island with mountains of corpses and rivers of blood. I wasn't even sure I was still alive as it looked like Hell on Earth.

I wanted to throw hands. I want to bang. So, Judas locked me in a library, where I only had my own thoughts and tomes of knowledge. I was hellbent on destroying everything, but eventually came to my senses and started reading the material I had initially disregarded. When I would emerge from the library and lose my temper, Judas insisted I retreat and quell my thirst with knowledge instead. Over time, I realized I had gravitated to certain manuscripts and had been establishing the powers of a Warlock, which became the center focus for me. I indulged in dark spells and rituals until it was second nature, and I began documenting my own notes. I did not let my physical gifts depart. I honed the blade as I learned the magic. They gave me a new moniker; they call me the Prodigal Son.


ALITTLE MORE ABOUT OUR CHARACTERS&quot; CIARAN WILLOW NIGHT aka Caleb Night


Salute you’d know me as Caleb,in the time I have left I’m writing my views as a traitor in hopes that the next one reading this will continue the fight

A Warlock is someone who partakes in black magic and and light magic, I am both a villian in politics and religion and yet my life and love is bright, decent and real: I am still balanced and I walk this path not because I am evil but because I feel your impression of me is. I harm many so I admit I am not a hero, but those that I harm are far from innocent

I am not proud of what I did,but I do what I need to. I am not looking forward to the lashing thats coming to me, but if the ones reading this are willling to take up arms then Its worth every moment&quot;   -Caleb Night -The prodigal Son of the Aesir                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   People see me as a warrior, as a hero IM confused why people stand behind me..IM a hotwired soldier with PTSD and nuclear power at my fingertips fighting for vengeance over the wrongs of my family and  because winners tell the story if we lose our dream of paradise is over Odio la mia vita e tutti coloro che ne fanno parte&quot; which meant &quot;I hate my life and everyone in it&quot; in Italian”

-Ciaran “caleb” willow Night-midnight confessions crossover light and dark story 14

Stories involving Caleb:

Serene rose at moonlight:(takes part)

trials of fire and water-Main

Moonlit roses of serenity-mentioned

Forgotten Dairy-makes appearance

trials of fire and water 2:the outcast travels(main)

Finding wonderland(mentioned)

trials of fire and water 3: the hunt for the outcast main

Unforgiven -mentioned

Unforgiven 2 slight mention

Trials of fire water 2: outcast travels

Name: Caleb &quot;Ciaran&quot; Willow Night

Age:19-25

race: human

class: Warlock

Magic: calling the elements, understanding of astral magic, adaquate creation of sigil and runes.

weapons:two specially made knives(athames)

that act differently when he draws his own blood: the white handle glows a bright blue Rune on the blade and becomes hard enough to bounce a bullet

and the black handle glows a Sadistic red Sigil(attack symbol) and becomes so sharp it can cut a midair bullet.

His blood, a Triade, which is a scythe on one end and trident he forms out of ice on the other.

what Hand-to-hand he was taught, and deadly art of arcana,(astral summons, elemental calling and specials in war magic)

Personality:In regular society, Caleb seems quiet, kind, and sweet; He genuinely cares for his family and friends and he’s very talented for a 28-year-old supposed adult male. However, deep down, Caleb has a fractured psyche. He’s told a woman mercenary once that he’s so broken because he constantly feels threatened all the time and needs to be tactical in all situations.  he’s anxiety stricken and that has led to him having PTSD. He has very low self-esteem but is focused almost to the point that he’s obsessed with getting himself and his family to a safe point in his and their life. He’s violent when he has to be and considers that to be a positive spin on his challenges but this often is due to having his family constantly threatened by bounty hunters, mafia members, criminals, and just those that want the bounty on his and his family’s heads and those that he cares about.

Caleb is often is good at reading a situation alone but when hes talking to a group he lets the topic flow by him unless he is asked or directly talked to hes fine with just a meal, money, and a venom energy drink for hi troubles whenever he handles jobs where he handles supernatural forces, Hes not mysterious but he doesnt want anyone to worry so he doesnt often speak about his challenges or what bothers him. Caleb after years of training had decided after being captured by the church on the advice of judas his metor and the only best friend he partners with to forsake his name but allowing the few to use it meaning the six in his circle Selena his middle sister,Kaliya his youngest sister, Judas his upperclassmate and brother-in-law, Sarah his sister-in-law, and Aimee his girlfriend


He's a complicated individual, willing to take the darkest of steps for the most positive reasons and taking the punishment for it. He's not easily pressed but given the chance he would prefer not to swing unless forced,giving him a sense of Pacifism. hes  not exactly the most goody and he’ll show you when your not welcomed or liked. He shows Humility, and is humbled when given the chance to prove himself, and alot of time will let you know when he doesnt agree with something, but give him a good reason for something, and he’ll generally agree if you can sway him. His emotional intellegence is high given that he understands right from wrong, and prefers to stay morally stable between the lines, but his emotional competence makes him hard to understand, perhaps it is in this ideal that he is Detached due to feeling like he abandoned his only family. He likes to think himself adapting to his situation at most points, though there are times that faulters,  and his silence is his greatest weapon, and his most formidable opponent. He talks very little but says much if one listens without judgement or perceived notions. In many ways he’s very  cortial and  that shows  a high charisma about him.


BIO:                                                                     Once there was a boy who lived in Florence, Italy, with a wealthy family in a world like ours. He used to live with a full family—a sister, a mother, and their father. The year was after 1939, the start of World War II. They lived under the care and protection of the church, and they were scholars and priests. They grew up like his mother and father. Caleb, aka Ciaran, as he was known at the time, and his sister Selena grew up like their parents, gaining supernatural abilities that would put a mark on their heads.

Later on, the church ended up using the Holocaust for hunting magic users. It was an attempt to control and find the Nazis, who were using mysterious artifacts to give themselves supernatural abilities. It was like Hitler using the spear of destiny to become an idol himself in an attempt to control the world’s holocaust. For the most part,  the world events weren't something that affected the kids, as they were protected by the Vatican. not until the evening of October 20, 1943.

A couple of years later, the war would come directly to their doorstep. A young, beautiful Egyptian girl that looked no older than maybe seventeen would come into their lives as a refugee that Selena met and pulled off the street to their house to escape the Nazi authorities. That would put a black mark on her head for being Jewish after she escaped the Italian death factory Risiera di San Sabba in Trieste after she was trafficked from Alexandria on December 19, 1941, and held captive for two years while the “preparations” were being made.

They kept her hidden for two and a half years, safe from the Nazi authorities, and became attached to her; they even gave her a street name—Kali; her real name was Kaliya amber, which meant &quot;amber, the beloved and the desired&quot; in Arabic. For those years, they kept her hidden, learning how Kaliya loved, acted, reacted, and ticked; Kaliya was the kind of girl who had a curse where misfortunate circumstances hit all the people who cared for her. He and his sister are always trying to prove her wrong. Selena and Kali became best friends, and Caleb, Ciaran at the time, felt almost like a caregiver to Kaliya-Kali and Selena until the Church created and started the Italian witch hunt.

just after 1946, after three years since she came to be a part of the family, and after the end of the war. In a desperate attempt to drive the Nazis and criminals out of hiding, the church sent a new level of authority to witch hunters: warlocks. After the start of the Italian witch hunts, they learned that their actions would be rewarded; that night, the father and mother were never seen again. Like they say in alchemy, “to obtain something, something of equal value must be lost.&quot; Soon they were orphans, and Caleb was now the leader of the night children.

The events got more intense when they went into the orphanage and met the siblings Judas and Sarah Zahur. They became a family after. It seemed the worst was over until about a couple of years after their parents were called in missing. In 1950,  four years after the Warlock program was activated and five years after the Second World War, the orphanage's home was attacked by a number of individuals. The result was having Caleb's and  Selena's powers awaken out of a mix of high stress circumstances.

Such examples were PTSD, fight-or-flight, high anxiety, and others  giving such abilities like Selena's ability to manipulate lightning, fire, shadow, and aura and Caleb's ability to use pyrokinesis and cryokinesis; however, through their lives, they also gained their own individual powers, like Caleb's ability to &quot;spell&quot; his body muscles and later on summon Nox, a wolf familiar that he awakens after a few encounters and manipulate his own blood like his sister. Caleb, Selena, Sarah, Judas, and Kaliya alone took on and defended their home...for a time, but they only won the battle but lost the war as they were inexperienced.

In the end, they were all separated by hunters, bounty hunters, witch hunters, men, and women running under any of the flags: dirty cops, nazis, and Vatican agents (warlocks and priests). Selena was sent to Kazan, Russia, and Caleb was showing thoughts of never seeing her, Kali, Judas, or Sarah again. The night of many that causes his nightmares. A couple weeks after the attack on the orphanage, however, his world kept spinning, and he soon found himself brought among the church against his will, pulled strings by his roommate Judas himself.

# Yeah, they fought, and Judas understood his anger after he explained he was the one that orchestrated the attack.It was  to give the idea of using him as a greater purpose after binding his abilities the night before when the children effectively held off a group of adult sorcerers: to become a warlock (Vard-lokkur). It was the name of a vatican traitor to the dark, a caller of spirits, an effective war priest. The only catch was that he forsake his name. Ciaran at first denied it and belted him in the face and for a bit continued to fight him until Judas gave him the idea in his mind of a reward system where he got to see him see his family again. That was all it took for Ciaran to take on whatever the church asked of him, and soon Ciaran died that night. He was burned at the stake in front of his peers, spread by radio and television, and Caleb began training as a member of the high council. Despite being a young witch, his grasp was high. He knew how to memorize, write, and understand—it made his powers that he awakened at the orphanage more intense and the body spells that he practiced in the books with Judas to show high potential. He was recommended to work on his weakness more than his strength and not buff out his muscles but bring out his potential. Call it fate or a god that he was starting to believe in. It was a rough first start, but he became an apprentice in the Warlock program. a program where he and Judas and many other of his allies are thrown into supernatural forces and battles, confronting them. Caleb was given levels for each confrontation he fought and won based on rates from SSS to E. He instantly made two enemies off the bat, Alexis and Gabriel Regio of the Regio family, student and gifted warlocks and high members of the Italian syndicate in Italy, Spanish for &quot;royal.&quot; After a couple of large confrontations in 1950, three months after being drafted  he was on the Mafias hit list a record-level time to be a threat...  after a time where Judas reigned in Caleb's hotheaded antics,(or you could say they took on jobs for a few years, everything was quiet for five years they were out on challenging journeys and it was calm until they got back and with afew days of returning a bomb goes off in the vatican possible by the lead of Alexis and gabriel of th regio family but theres no evidence that trumps Caleb being in that buillding with the bomb at the time with the tiarget the one and only judas Zahur,   ever since then theyve been fighting authority, the church and the regio family  Chronicles of night preview 1: Trials of fire and water: Ciaran willow Night is an italian and swedish speaking sarcastic (viking) sorcerer, a summoner thats quiet bored half the time unsure of his skills, but a willing gifted  risktaker  at 16 he was sentenced to death for witchcraft that fired off a conspiracy since European witchcraft started just after WWII.  Under being givena new identity, after his own name was ritually given the death penalty(shhh) Caleb is now travelling through Rome getting in such trouble as rousing the Regio mafia princess Alexis and her...sidekick Gabriel (or was he more like her henchman?) He fights her in the coliseum, fights him in the sistine chapel, and never fails  to make a mess in the process...that's just the first few chapters....what else is there? How about the Sweeny Todd bagio the child butcher from venice, fey creatures that will come up later in pudua, and a sweet young girl that just happens to get into Caleb&quot;s head(well it seems that's extremely vague theres afew girls that gets in Caleb's head and this is book one :slight_smile:  out of twelve (so far)


&quot;I dont..know what Im angry about I dont know what Im afraid of at this point, I can say Im mad at Alexis for making me a target but that not entirely true because she told me that she's not in charge of our pain, I can say Im mad at judas because he withheld information but he had reason for it, I can say IM mad at Abaddon for chaining me but he merely did what his nature allowed, and I can say Selena for killing my sister but she had a reason to save us all..I can say Im mad at everyone and everything in my

way, but that's not true because 80% of the people in front of my face are working with others who have a reason to fight me, and those people who hunt me. So, honestly, to say me being mad is only wasting time and energy. I'm confused, stressed, and frustrated at myself, scared of myself is the viable answer perché non c'è altra risposta&quot;-Caleb night


now what about Selena


Faction: Renegade yet leans towards the cause

Race: dhampire blood witch(vampire human witch)

role:Runaway/missing/renagade/anarchist/activist

powers:


Stories involving Selena:

Serene rose-main

Serene rose 2-when death calls us-main

the Forgotten Diary-makes appearance

trials of water and fire-slight mention

Unforgiven(makes appearance)

Chasing wonderland-mentioned

tronger than average.same for working out multiple times a day to keep herself.from.being stressed out


Clarvoyance(seeking information from around the area)

is the ability of waking your third eye. when Calebwas practicing like  her siblings, Selena was ultimately able to open her third eye making her alitttle  stronger than Caleb but little more weaker too

she gained the ability to see that caleb would be captured but not by who. when judas find out that selena knew that he was gonna betray them he sent her to the lab prison knowing she was a greater threat than caleb even though caleb was the &quot;witch&quot; to be taken by the military priest. in the end opening her third eye is what got selena taken as well as Caleb...


psychokinesis(moving things with mind)

was an adrenaline ability after Caleb was attacked by the hunters. Through the sudden rush of everything at once Selena at times has the ability to move, push or pull things with her mind(a situation at the highest fighting point)


age:23

weapons; A pair of large old style revolver desert  eagle pirate pistol switchblades that &quot;switches&quot; when she presses a button and fires her energy when she presses another. despite them being outlawed, she carries them around her waist in traditional side holsters. They are  most efficient weapon and as so she uses them as a last result,only able to be removed from &quot;pockets&quot; in her side dress where there are two zippers, she would at the time, cross both her arms(she has a farly long reach) and pull them. what make these diferent than tradition is that they are reversed, the pistol handle pointed towards her front.

she would cross her arms over her body and remove them, and in a swift motion would release an attack, likely winning a fight at that moment. this coupled with her quick reflexes makes them her best weapon.

Her second most damaging weapon is a pair swords one being a claymore  that grows normally slightly passed her height (6'0 at most(shes 5'8-5'9) it's used for height and power but it's  often used with one hand or two as aelena uses thr claymore to use damage quickly

She also is armed with her Bluteinferne katana a katene she made in russia in metal class it takes a certain amount of blood but its very lethal and fast A special kind of sword made years ago in traditional style by mixing the healing properties of Bloodstone and the hardest carbon steel and the sharpest to boot, but what makes her blade different is that it regenerates when she adds her blood to the blade properties making lt uniquely bloodstone used. The blade sharpens and &quot;eats' her blood healing of nicks, scratches, and breaks when made by wear and tear though not often used due to the carbon stainless steel, the full steel weapon cant be broken by weapon strength alone, though it was not always as such.

afew years ago it got so damaged by hits, traditionaly,.Selena did her best to find someone needed to technological advance it to keep it usable, making it full steel.

Faith: for years she has followed the Egyptian pantheon since Judas and Sadiki showed interest in their heritage. mix in Kalis love for Judaism, and it isnt hard to see why egyptian became the kids picks of spirituality.But she always had the love for Italian architecture,

sculpture, and the love for art, and even music.

After she was taken and morphed, she grew a love for anubis, being an undead, she felt a connection with him the judge of the dead, made especially potent by Hecate, but after being morphed, Setsuna gained a love for the greek and given her ability it wasnt long before she coined the goddess of War and wisdom Athena she on every occassion she goes into battle will bend on one knee and pray to athena for victory


Popularity:less than average, as it sys before shes not exactly the most liked but thats because people get weirded out that she doesnt show too much emotion and it tends to make her seem standoffish or mean. She's not bothered by it but she does explain that she is not mean just secure, and calm, She really doesnt have much to be nervous or giddy about.

Strength: Shes armed with knowledge of laws and awareness, because of this fact she has been able to hide so well

Favorite activities: reading, training, drawing, history buff, majorly into politics and intelligence in chess and playing cards


Personality:she's quiet, forceful in her silence, and is able to take charge easily she fights without speaking. and often uses traceur metality &quot;the quickest(and quietest) way from point A to point B&quot;

her focus is whats at hand and she has no qualms with being caught or slitting her own throat if she must.

# A warrior thats true in words, but direct in actions with 200 years of instinct under her belt, shes calm but not cold, and is not afraid of her actions as long as her goals are being met. Shes close to the vampire law being shes read the stories all her life. Shes friendly but not annoying and she wont hesitate to bite you, shes very protective of her family and those she associates with ,though she holds a tight protective mirror, reflecting what she thinks others should see, she has a very deep shadow underneathe in an unmatched amount of cruelty, almost socio, her mind is a mirror made of blood and curtains of shadow that often speaks to her and reflects her darkest thoughts, and ideals, you could say it makes her quite cynical to herself. In battle, shes easily unmatched in strategy, when alone shes slightly harder to fight thanks to how quickly she can switch her strategy
# BIO:you know the story of the shadow anarchists spoken in history.  The ideal outlaws who run against the orthodox marking the walls, setting animals free and setting fires for political reasoning, and yet when it comes time to find them, their in your offices, in your restraunts, and in your schools so conclusion:  you cant stop us we are everywhere, you cant find us we are nowhere....&quot;  -Setsuna Selena lux Raveneye Night   setsuna is the sister to caleb,Kali sarah and Judas but is also the strongest fighter of the four.  Setsuna was a high member of society left to take the family business. she had gone into studying politics, anarchism, the ideals she used to put together her world back together was dangerous: chaos. it was there, it took from her and it taught her why.  because she was shrewd, and she was powerful.  life was cruel to her, but it buffed her up. mind, body, soul she was armed, soon she was making fire responses to real world problems.  That was when Judas worked his evil;  Setsuna as well as Kali were the main weapon Judas used to harm Caleb.  Setsuna was always open with Judas, they all were but Setsuna had a major crush on Judas.She was brought into a world underground defense lab bunker, Dr.Ac, young looking male and Dr An, a young woman met her inside and they spoke ideals.  &quot;the world cant be changed without strength to push it to change..&quot;  The traitor judas signed a legal contract, and she was used as a host of different types of experiments including new chemical based on radiation, based on chemicals, trusted and secret.  meanwhile still no word of her brother, she didnt know if he was still alive, but words came of a male being shipped off into sea, witha jeavy heart she assumed the worst.  the question kept her busy while she was working on her treatments  finally the time came and she escaped...   four years later, Selena now Setsuna, still hears  story of her disappearance, but now shes changed her own features, the shift gene, the vampire gene..  Now she walks as a shadow at night and as an illusion during the day

&quot;Tiger tiger burning bright in the forest of the night, what immortal hand or eye could frame the fearful symmetry..’

The poem comes unwanted and it distracts me I miss a block and I get shoved and  fly back first into wall behind me, I crash into the brick wall of the inner outside hallways that reminds me of venice. “Shift your ideals little girl or you’ll get worst”


The voice belonged to many of the sleazy men and woman against my ideals

Its just after the 1900s, and I see it all over the Tele, Racism, sexism, homophobia, it angers me.

I question if this is how jesus wanted us to live, if this was how god wanted us to live?

Of course  by reading this by now you’d either be with me or against me, I cant blame you for jumping into my ideology, I slipped it into it too

But the difference here is you don't know me and how you could you?

You didn't see what I saw or else you would know me…&quot;


and finally the baby of the family little Kali

Kaliya Amber Night

The forgotten Diary- -The Kaliya Amber story

⇛ɴɪᴄᴋɴᴀᴍᴇ

Kali

∙∙

⇛ᴀɢᴇ

19

∙∙

⇛sᴇxᴜᴀʟɪᴛʏ

∙∙Demisexual Bi(pan in fantasy)

⇛ɢᴇɴᴅᴇʀ

Female∙∙

⇛ɴᴀᴛɪᴏɴᴀʟɪᴛʏ

Italian Arabian pantheric Vixen Fennec kitsune ∙∙

────▹◊◌◊◃─────

━━━◦◸ʟɪᴋᴇs◿◦━━━

▹playing guitar

▹Singing

▹Sparring

▹making friends

━━━◦◸ᴅɪsʟɪᴋᴇs◿◦━━━

────▹◊◌◊◃─────

              eye-alternates:

Kali has some strange traits to herself most based on personality, but twonparticular interests being her eye color- as is seen when she is human or when thinking of her family, she will shift her eyes to An emerald green like her adoptive brother Caleb and sister Selena, the other will be when she shifts into her kitsune form full power, her eyes will turn a soft blue a slight color from her emerald green to offset the mix of her animal self and her human self at this point from her egyptian strand of DNA. Its at the point that when she releases herself she has memories of her past self giving herself massive power shifts

━━━◦◸ʜᴏʙʙɪᴇs◿◦━━━

⇢playing guitar

⇢Singing

⇢Sparring

⇢A.S.L

━━━◦◸ɢᴏᴏᴅ ᴛʀᴀɪᴛs◿◦━━━

⌲Calm

⌲ Friendly

⌲intelligent

⌲sweet

━━◦◸ʙᴀᴅ ᴛʀᴀɪᴛs◿◦━━━

⇥prideful

⇥distant

⇥dangerous

⇥hard-headed

━━━◦◸ᴏᴠᴇʀ ᴀʟʟ ᴘᴇʀsᴏɴᴀʟɪᴛʏ◿◦━━━

The ideal tomboy girlfriend, Kali

has a soft heart, thats put in a frozen shut large chest thats wrapped in barbed wire, and electrified. She's in a situation in her mind where shes so wrapped in her own protection that now she wants love, she has to force herself to show love. Shes naive, but kind, and wont hesitate to make a friend. Shes worth being loved like every other girl, maybe even higher worthed, but you have to show shes worth it. Shes calm, playful, thoughtful but not weak and she raised with a good heart sometimes too good of a heart and it gets her in trouble. Shes often seen with an uncertain smile and believes Shes a mix of Horus, Venus, and Jewish law.

A warrior thats gentle in words, but true in actions

shes calm but not cold, and wont hesitate to make a friend.

she's close with her siblings Selena, and Caleb,

but shes single, and has never had a guy or girl in her arms, and vice versa.

people around her sense a warmth that is hidden underneathe Ice shielding

She's a wild child born in the form of a black fox that might just be an animal, but is quite intelligent, the difference lying of Animal vs animal, where she is quite technologically advanced.

Intelligent, kind, and always willing to put others before herself, Kali values harmony in all forms. Ruled by Venus, the planet of beauty, Kali adores a life that looks good. As the master of compromise and diplomacy, she is adept at seeing all points of view, and excels at crafting compromises and effecting mediation between others. she has a rich inner life yet loves other people, and is always happiest with a large group of friends, family, and coworkers on whom they can count.

Kali can often be &quot;up in the clouds,&quot; and while she is amazing at making big plans, follow through can be tricky. Working with others can help her actually manifest her dreams into reality, especially in the workspace. But don't call out Kali for daydreaming—her imagination is one of her biggest assets, and often put their imagination to work by finding careers in the arts or in literature, hense her need to play music, practice martial arts, or dance, even work technology


Kaliya believes that shes directing her own life, and is take a big-picture approach in making that life look and feel the best it can be. She spends a lot of time figuring out what's missing from that big picture, and she may feel unhappy if she becomes too focused on one thing, whether it's work, a partner, or a family member. Kali is at her best when she balances her schedule to include plenty of time for self-care rituals and personal pursuits, and when she gives herself enough flexibility to change focus.

When Kali falls in love, he or she falls hard, but this sign also recognizes that there's room for more than one grand love in his or her life. Kali is pragmatic about love, realizing that different relationships often have different seasons. Kaliya can sometimes be accused of being too pragmatic, and shes been known to call off a relationship pre-emptively if they feel it may not work due to distance, age difference, or another external conflict

Although Kali appears self-confident to outsiders, she might struggle with insecurity, especially as it relates to personal identity, which sometimes feels mutable. This Chick's lifelong question is: &quot;Who am I?&quot; she may find her identity shifting based on where she is in her life and who shes spending time with. In order to feel more confident in her identity. Kali needs to get comfortable spending time with herself and getting to know her gut and internal voice.

Kali is fiercely attracted to intelligence, which is just as important as appearance when it comes to the partners they end up falling for. This sign is all about cerebral connections- games and interactions truly amp up her interest. Physical connection is nice, but catching her offguard, noticing her music, her emotions, even her story can truly get her hot.


Kali's everyday vibe is this gentle reminder: &quot;Let's just all get along.&quot; For this gentle soul compromise is key. Kaliya doesnt do well when anyone in their orbit isn't happy, and they're especially adept at inviting other signs to see things from a different perspective. Kali doesn't strong arm or use coercion, but rather relies on her communication prowess to help everyone see another side to a story.


Kali is great at making everyone happy—but what good is that if she herself don't feel fulfilled? While this vixen may have a fine-tuned internal compass, they sometimes ignore what they want in favor of what makes everyone else happy—and this habit ends up backfiring in the long run. This girl has weaponized her imagination in the service of good. Kali' imagination is unmatched, and they can always come up with a new way of looking at an issue. Kali is also blessed with boundless creativity. Even if they're working in a data-dominated field, their creativity shows them novel ways to see things.

                      Fighting style;

Kali is only a defensive fighter, has only been known to use massive amount of attacks when in defense hense why she mainly chooses krav-maga which connects her dual weapons. but on some occcasions shes known to use basic muay thai when in a serious situation to end a fight. She uses knee strikes, power angle kicks, and elbow strikes, on some occasion will use a flying knee.

Otherwise she sticks to ending fights on the ground or end it peacefully, her weapons are her claws, speed and her teeth, she also knows perfectly practiced hand-to-hand krav maga, muay thai she also can throws projectiles made of fire(knives, orbs, axes, etc.)◦Kaliya doesnt lie in fact she gets in trouble because she tells the truth when she shouldnt◦

•ʜᴀᴘᴘʏ•

◦◦her tail will wag, she'll smile and her her eyes will turn inward

•sᴀᴅ•

◦She wont do anything, just stare off into space she will sob, but not scream cry she is too prideful to be melodramatic◦

•ᴅʀᴜɴᴋ•

◦◦no one knows she has never taken a drink, supposedly she may walk tipsy, her vision may grow weird, and she claims her fur stands on end

•ᴀɴɢʀʏ•

◦◦

━━━◦◸ᴇxᴛʀᴀ ɪɴғᴏʀᴍᴀᴛɪᴏɴ◿◦━━━

shes able to lift 450 lb, she can jump up to 15 feet(thanks to.being fennec bred) she can shift into a black furred werefox(two legged anthro fox)

she can track, she can run up to 25mph based on the fennec fox in her.

Other supernatural abilities commonly attributed include possession, mouths or tails that generate fire or lightning (known as kitsune-bi; literally, fox-fire), willful manifestation in the dreams of others, flight, invisibility, and the creation of illusions so elaborate as to be almost indistinguishable from reality.


Kaliya worships Horus the egyptian god of (war, balance, sun, moon, and freedom) and venus goddess of (sex,victory, love, and beauty). Kaliya is Kosher, ny jewish,not quite vegetarian but is on the ally side, being an animal herself, shes a strong animal activist.


Kitsunes create and collect their Tails as they age and grow more powerful. Tails are manifested as physical objects or real tails. Due to their enhanced reflexes and coordination, Kitsune prefer to have the objects representing their Tails altered into weapons they can wield. Tails are formed when a Kitsune triggers, uses or masters each of their supernatural talents. The more Tails a Kitsune possesses indicates the Kitsune's power level.

in this case:Kali has three tails(5x3=15(20 would give her another tail on her birthday)

Like all kitsunes, Kali puts her symbolic tails as guitars. She has a Blackoak Accoustic, a black sunburst Electric gibson and an electric Blue stratocastor.

she'll get another guitar on her next birthday.

Kali was born in the Middle East with no memory prior to age fifteen. at that age she was forced to become a ring fighter. the experiences, it made her feel drained and taken advantage of.

It didn't last long, when she was seventeen she was rewarded with being a leader of the guards. She was betrayed, and thrown off the cliffs where she was left for dead. Soon after, near death, on the beaches of the city nearby, she was hit by amnesia due to the side effect of being brought back to life by the possession of a fox demon. in the moments that she was seeking herself, she wrote in a little diary while a group of three women took her in. Shortly after she thought she had a home to call her own, those three women were arrested and never seen again. All because of her. They had tried to keep her safe, and the authorities who had been after her murdered them for their kindness. They were after her, Kali realized, because of what she had believed in and it was in that moment she regained her memory and found she was the fox demon.

Alone once again, in a sad pattern of love and loss, Kali would come upon two members of the community Selena and Caleb who would become her adopted family. they would soon lose their mom and dad in an end-up trade. Knowing what it was like to be possessed as a fox demon, Kali understood fate to be painful. Many people came and went in her life, like a revolving door. Which is why Kali was so desperate to hold onto their adopted family. They were incredibly close, and she was willing to do whatever to took to keep them safe. However after Selena and Caleb lost their parents, they would all be forced into an orphanage, Kali included. But in the orphanage, she would find love in the form of two others. Their names were Judas and Sarah. Though as the pattern goes Selena and Caleb would be hunted for the crime of witchcraft and soon she would be on the trail to find them..and now she's on the trail by ship to find clues where to her brother and sister

Shes very bright and owns a black oak accoustic guitar(with a pickup), a black sunburst electric guitar, and a red orange gibson and plays pop punk. classic rock, and blues covers at times, not to mention Disney classics.

contrary to her reputation and interests and even appearance she is quite behaved and doesnt drink alcohol because it gives her anxiety, vertigo, gives her a migraine, and makes her fur stand on end.

shes very friendly but not easy, probably one of the hardest chicks to click with but there is no one better to stand back to back with once a link is formed.

she doesnt like to get on people's badside but for her its really hard to make her mad, someone really has to bother her to get her mad.


&quot;They Say that doing nothing when being faced With a choice is still making the wrong choice so if your going to act do so with damn well solid intent because life is too long to Live in Fear and to short to live with regret and making mistakes&quot;- little Kali


&quot;life On the high seas the mysterious blue sea the Clear skies singing songs fighting with swords. Discovering what were are made of being a sailor and wondering why my world is burning To the ground that's what I want to say but Being aside from my world burning To the ground was romanticizing Being  a pirate me and sarah I got into a fee fights(and ended up in a brig) no one likes my singing I learned to drink and oh almost found me and sarah who was comatose most of the time were almost marooned&quot;-little Kali&quot;</text>
      <sha1>hwpay6023huzc4qq42c3oumx3swvwqx</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Rolls-Royce/VIN Codes</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>486928</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4680446</id>
      <parentid>4680330</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T16:22:14Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>JustTheFacts33</username>
        <id>3434282</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* General Template for Rolls-Royce's VIN format (1981 - 2002) */</comment>
      <origin>4680446</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4163" sha1="5j0w9qicgc6xbo1tdnyg1bd4kgarorj" xml:space="preserve">{{Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Warning}}{{clear}}

==General Template for Rolls-Royce's VIN format (1981 - 2002)==

===Rolls-Royce WMIs (Position 1-3)===
* SCA - Rolls-Royce passenger car

===Line of Manufacture based on the chassis (Position 4)===
* Y - Corniche '81-'82 through serial# 5036 (Pos. 14-17), Camargue
* Z - Corniche '82-'95 from serial# 5037 (Pos. 14-17), Silver Spirit, Silver Dawn, Silver Spur, Flying Spur, Corniche '00-'02
* L - Silver Seraph

===Model Type (Position 5)===
* D (following Y) - Corniche 2-d convertible '81-'82 through serial# 5036 (Pos. 14-17)
* J (following Y) - Camargue 2-d coupe '81-'87

* A (following Z) - Silver Dawn LWB 4-d sedan
* C (following Z) - Corniche S 2-d convertible '95
* D (following Z) - Corniche 2-d convertible '82-'95 from serial# 5037 (Pos. 14-17)
* G (following Z) - Flying Spur LWB 4-d sedan '95
* K (following Z) - Corniche 2-d convertible '00-'02
* N (following Z) - Silver Spur LWB 4-d sedan
* S (following Z) - Silver Spirit SWB 4-d sedan
* V (following Z) - Silver Spur Park Ward Limousine '96-'99 [24-in. stretch between front &amp; rear doors]
* W (following Z) - Silver Spur Touring Limousine by Mulliner Park Ward '92-'96, '98 [24-in. stretch behind rear doors]
* Y (following Z) - Silver Spur Division by Park Ward '98-'99 (&amp; outside US: '97), Silver Spur Non-Division by Park Ward '98 [14-in. stretch between front &amp; rear doors. Division has glass divider between front &amp; rear seats. Non-Division does not have glass divider between front &amp; rear seats.]

* A (following L) - Silver Seraph SWB 4-d sedan
* D (following L) - Park Ward (LWB Silver Seraph sedan)

===Engine Type (Position 6-7):===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+Position 6-7
|-
! VIN !! Size !! Type !! Fuel !! Valvetrain !! Engine Family/Notes/Applications
|-
| 42 || 6.8L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||Bosch K-Jetronic MPI. Catalytic converter. [[w:Rolls-Royce–Bentley L-series V8 engine|Rolls-Royce L-series V8 engine]].&lt;br&gt; '81-Mid '87 Silver Spirit, Silver Spur, Camargue, Corniche through serial# 16968 (Pos. 13-17).
|-
| 02 || 6.8L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||Bosch MPI. Catalytic converter. [[w:Rolls-Royce–Bentley L-series V8 engine|Rolls-Royce L-series V8 engine]]. L410I.&lt;br&gt; Mid '87-'95 Silver Spirit, Silver Spur, Corniche from serial# 20001 (Pos. 13-17), Silver Dawn '95.
|-
| 03 || 6.8L || V8 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas ||OHV||Bosch Motronic M 3.3 MPI. Catalytic converter. [[w:Rolls-Royce–Bentley L-series V8 engine|Rolls-Royce L-series V8 engine]]. L410MTKR.&lt;br&gt; '95 Flying Spur, Corniche S.
|-
| 11 || 6.8L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||Zytek ECU w/OBD-II. MPI. Catalytic converter. [[w:Rolls-Royce–Bentley L-series V8 engine|Rolls-Royce L-series V8 engine]]. L410MN2T.&lt;br&gt; Silver Spirit '96, Silver Spur '96, Silver Dawn '96-'97.
|-
| 19 || 6.8L || V8 Turbo || Gas ||OHV||Light-pressure turbo. Zytek ECU w/OBD-II. MPI. Catalytic converter. [[w:Rolls-Royce–Bentley L-series V8 engine|Rolls-Royce L-series V8 engine]]. L410MT2V.&lt;br&gt; Silver Spur '97-'99.
|-
| 29 || 6.8L || V8 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas ||OHV||Light-pressure turbo. Zytek ECU w/OBD-II. MPI. Catalytic converter. [[w:Rolls-Royce–Bentley L-series V8 engine|Rolls-Royce L-series V8 engine]]. L410MT2T/R.&lt;br&gt; Corniche ('00-'02).
|-
| 61 || 5.4L || V12 || Gas ||SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve||MPI. BMW M73TUB54 V12 engine. Silver Seraph ('99-'02), Park Ward ('01-'02).
|}

===Restraint System (Position 8):===
* A = Active (Manual) seat belts
* B = Passive (Motorized) Front Shoulder Belts, Active (Manual) Front Lap Belts ('88)
* D = Manual seat belts, Driver-side airbag ('90-'93)
* C = Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags ('94-'98)
* E = Manual seat belts w/front seatbelt pretensioners, Dual front airbags ('99-'02)

===Check Digit/Gearbox (Position 9)===
* USA /Canada [[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Check digit|Check digit]]

===Model Year Code (Position 10)===
''See: [[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Model year]]''

===Plant Codes (Position 11)===
* C - Pyms Lane plant, Crewe, Cheshire, England, UK

===Position of Steering Wheel (Position 12):===
* X = LHD
* H = RHD

===Positions 13–17, Serial Number===

{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>5j0w9qicgc6xbo1tdnyg1bd4kgarorj</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4680560</id>
      <parentid>4680446</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T19:28:58Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>JustTheFacts33</username>
        <id>3434282</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Engine Type (Position 6-7): */</comment>
      <origin>4680560</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4199" sha1="a33cqjnjl4yrued1i9h698pxnbggz69" xml:space="preserve">{{Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Warning}}{{clear}}

==General Template for Rolls-Royce's VIN format (1981 - 2002)==

===Rolls-Royce WMIs (Position 1-3)===
* SCA - Rolls-Royce passenger car

===Line of Manufacture based on the chassis (Position 4)===
* Y - Corniche '81-'82 through serial# 5036 (Pos. 14-17), Camargue
* Z - Corniche '82-'95 from serial# 5037 (Pos. 14-17), Silver Spirit, Silver Dawn, Silver Spur, Flying Spur, Corniche '00-'02
* L - Silver Seraph

===Model Type (Position 5)===
* D (following Y) - Corniche 2-d convertible '81-'82 through serial# 5036 (Pos. 14-17)
* J (following Y) - Camargue 2-d coupe '81-'87

* A (following Z) - Silver Dawn LWB 4-d sedan
* C (following Z) - Corniche S 2-d convertible '95
* D (following Z) - Corniche 2-d convertible '82-'95 from serial# 5037 (Pos. 14-17)
* G (following Z) - Flying Spur LWB 4-d sedan '95
* K (following Z) - Corniche 2-d convertible '00-'02
* N (following Z) - Silver Spur LWB 4-d sedan
* S (following Z) - Silver Spirit SWB 4-d sedan
* V (following Z) - Silver Spur Park Ward Limousine '96-'99 [24-in. stretch between front &amp; rear doors]
* W (following Z) - Silver Spur Touring Limousine by Mulliner Park Ward '92-'96, '98 [24-in. stretch behind rear doors]
* Y (following Z) - Silver Spur Division by Park Ward '98-'99 (&amp; outside US: '97), Silver Spur Non-Division by Park Ward '98 [14-in. stretch between front &amp; rear doors. Division has glass divider between front &amp; rear seats. Non-Division does not have glass divider between front &amp; rear seats.]

* A (following L) - Silver Seraph SWB 4-d sedan
* D (following L) - Park Ward (LWB Silver Seraph sedan)

===Engine Type (Position 6-7):===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+Position 6-7
|-
! VIN !! Size !! Type !! Fuel !! Valvetrain !! Engine Family/Notes/Applications
|-
| 42 || 6.8L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||Bosch K-Jetronic MPI. Catalytic converter. [[w:Rolls-Royce–Bentley L-series V8 engine|Rolls-Royce L-series V8 engine]].&lt;br&gt; '81-Mid '87 Silver Spirit, Silver Spur, Camargue, Corniche through serial# 16968 (Pos. 13-17).
|-
| 02 || 6.8L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||Bosch MPI. Catalytic converter. [[w:Rolls-Royce–Bentley L-series V8 engine|Rolls-Royce L-series V8 engine]]. L410I.&lt;br&gt; Mid '87-'95 Silver Spirit, Silver Spur, Corniche from serial# 20001 (Pos. 13-17), Silver Dawn '95.
|-
| 03 || 6.8L || V8 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas ||OHV||Bosch Motronic M 3.3 MPI. Catalytic converter. [[w:Rolls-Royce–Bentley L-series V8 engine|Rolls-Royce L-series V8 engine]]. L410MTKR.&lt;br&gt; '95 Flying Spur, Corniche S.
|-
| 11 || 6.8L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||Zytek ECU w/OBD-II. MPI. Catalytic converter. [[w:Rolls-Royce–Bentley L-series V8 engine|Rolls-Royce L-series V8 engine]]. L410MN2T.&lt;br&gt; Silver Spirit '96, Silver Spur '96, Silver Dawn '96-'97.
|-
| 19 || 6.8L || V8 Turbo || Gas ||OHV||Light-pressure turbo. Zytek ECU w/OBD-II. MPI. Catalytic converter. [[w:Rolls-Royce–Bentley L-series V8 engine|Rolls-Royce L-series V8 engine]]. L410MT2V.&lt;br&gt; Silver Spur '97-'99, Silver Spur Lauderdale Edition '97.
|-
| 29 || 6.8L || V8 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas ||OHV||Light-pressure turbo. Zytek ECU w/OBD-II. MPI. Catalytic converter. [[w:Rolls-Royce–Bentley L-series V8 engine|Rolls-Royce L-series V8 engine]]. L410MT2T/R.&lt;br&gt; Corniche ('00-'02).
|-
| 61 || 5.4L || V12 || Gas ||SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve||MPI. BMW M73TUB54 V12 engine. Silver Seraph ('99-'02), Park Ward ('01-'02).
|}

===Restraint System (Position 8):===
* A = Active (Manual) seat belts
* B = Passive (Motorized) Front Shoulder Belts, Active (Manual) Front Lap Belts ('88)
* D = Manual seat belts, Driver-side airbag ('90-'93)
* C = Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags ('94-'98)
* E = Manual seat belts w/front seatbelt pretensioners, Dual front airbags ('99-'02)

===Check Digit/Gearbox (Position 9)===
* USA /Canada [[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Check digit|Check digit]]

===Model Year Code (Position 10)===
''See: [[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Model year]]''

===Plant Codes (Position 11)===
* C - Pyms Lane plant, Crewe, Cheshire, England, UK

===Position of Steering Wheel (Position 12):===
* X = LHD
* H = RHD

===Positions 13–17, Serial Number===

{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>a33cqjnjl4yrued1i9h698pxnbggz69</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4680561</id>
      <parentid>4680560</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T19:33:10Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>JustTheFacts33</username>
        <id>3434282</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Engine Type (Position 6-7): */</comment>
      <origin>4680561</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4221" sha1="6mdf66v40ss42cjzt0lx1wwohrz9s6q" xml:space="preserve">{{Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Warning}}{{clear}}

==General Template for Rolls-Royce's VIN format (1981 - 2002)==

===Rolls-Royce WMIs (Position 1-3)===
* SCA - Rolls-Royce passenger car

===Line of Manufacture based on the chassis (Position 4)===
* Y - Corniche '81-'82 through serial# 5036 (Pos. 14-17), Camargue
* Z - Corniche '82-'95 from serial# 5037 (Pos. 14-17), Silver Spirit, Silver Dawn, Silver Spur, Flying Spur, Corniche '00-'02
* L - Silver Seraph

===Model Type (Position 5)===
* D (following Y) - Corniche 2-d convertible '81-'82 through serial# 5036 (Pos. 14-17)
* J (following Y) - Camargue 2-d coupe '81-'87

* A (following Z) - Silver Dawn LWB 4-d sedan
* C (following Z) - Corniche S 2-d convertible '95
* D (following Z) - Corniche 2-d convertible '82-'95 from serial# 5037 (Pos. 14-17)
* G (following Z) - Flying Spur LWB 4-d sedan '95
* K (following Z) - Corniche 2-d convertible '00-'02
* N (following Z) - Silver Spur LWB 4-d sedan
* S (following Z) - Silver Spirit SWB 4-d sedan
* V (following Z) - Silver Spur Park Ward Limousine '96-'99 [24-in. stretch between front &amp; rear doors]
* W (following Z) - Silver Spur Touring Limousine by Mulliner Park Ward '92-'96, '98 [24-in. stretch behind rear doors]
* Y (following Z) - Silver Spur Division by Park Ward '98-'99 (&amp; outside US: '97), Silver Spur Non-Division by Park Ward '98 [14-in. stretch between front &amp; rear doors. Division has glass divider between front &amp; rear seats. Non-Division does not have glass divider between front &amp; rear seats.]

* A (following L) - Silver Seraph SWB 4-d sedan
* D (following L) - Park Ward (LWB Silver Seraph sedan)

===Engine Type (Position 6-7):===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+Position 6-7
|-
! VIN !! Size !! Type !! Fuel !! Valvetrain !! Engine Family/Notes/Applications
|-
| 42 || 6.8L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||Bosch K-Jetronic MPI. Catalytic converter. [[w:Rolls-Royce–Bentley L-series V8 engine|Rolls-Royce L-series V8 engine]].&lt;br&gt; '81-Mid '87 Silver Spirit, Silver Spur, Camargue, Corniche through serial# 16968 (Pos. 13-17).
|-
| 02 || 6.8L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||Bosch MPI. Catalytic converter. [[w:Rolls-Royce–Bentley L-series V8 engine|Rolls-Royce L-series V8 engine]]. L410I.&lt;br&gt; Mid '87-'95 Silver Spirit, Silver Spur, Corniche from serial# 20001 (Pos. 13-17), Silver Dawn '95.
|-
| 03 || 6.8L || V8 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas ||OHV||Bosch Motronic M 3.3 MPI. Catalytic converter. [[w:Rolls-Royce–Bentley L-series V8 engine|Rolls-Royce L-series V8 engine]]. L410MTKR.&lt;br&gt; '95 Flying Spur, Corniche S.
|-
| 11 || 6.8L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||Zytek ECU w/OBD-II. MPI. Catalytic converter. [[w:Rolls-Royce–Bentley L-series V8 engine|Rolls-Royce L-series V8 engine]]. L410MN2T.&lt;br&gt; Silver Spirit '96, Silver Spur '96, Silver Dawn '96-'97.
|-
| 19 || 6.8L || V8 Turbo || Gas ||OHV||Light-pressure turbo. Zytek ECU w/OBD-II. MPI. Catalytic converter. [[w:Rolls-Royce–Bentley L-series V8 engine|Rolls-Royce L-series V8 engine]]. L410MT2V.&lt;br&gt; Silver Spur '97-'99, Silver Spur Lauderdale Edition by Mulliner Park Ward '97.
|-
| 29 || 6.8L || V8 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas ||OHV||Light-pressure turbo. Zytek ECU w/OBD-II. MPI. Catalytic converter. [[w:Rolls-Royce–Bentley L-series V8 engine|Rolls-Royce L-series V8 engine]]. L410MT2T/R.&lt;br&gt; Corniche ('00-'02).
|-
| 61 || 5.4L || V12 || Gas ||SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve||MPI. BMW M73TUB54 V12 engine. Silver Seraph ('99-'02), Park Ward ('01-'02).
|}

===Restraint System (Position 8):===
* A = Active (Manual) seat belts
* B = Passive (Motorized) Front Shoulder Belts, Active (Manual) Front Lap Belts ('88)
* D = Manual seat belts, Driver-side airbag ('90-'93)
* C = Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags ('94-'98)
* E = Manual seat belts w/front seatbelt pretensioners, Dual front airbags ('99-'02)

===Check Digit/Gearbox (Position 9)===
* USA /Canada [[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Check digit|Check digit]]

===Model Year Code (Position 10)===
''See: [[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Model year]]''

===Plant Codes (Position 11)===
* C - Pyms Lane plant, Crewe, Cheshire, England, UK

===Position of Steering Wheel (Position 12):===
* X = LHD
* H = RHD

===Positions 13–17, Serial Number===

{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>6mdf66v40ss42cjzt0lx1wwohrz9s6q</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>User:Bojja Mahesh Yadav/sandbox</title>
    <ns>2</ns>
    <id>486934</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4680617</id>
      <parentid>4680346</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-07T04:35:27Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Bojja Mahesh Yadav</username>
        <id>3629813</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* indian cell tower radition norms */</comment>
      <origin>4680617</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="0" sha1="phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1" />
      <sha1>phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4680618</id>
      <parentid>4680617</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-07T04:37:04Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Bojja Mahesh Yadav</username>
        <id>3629813</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created the table of contents for Indian Cell Tower Radiation Norms, organized into five chapters with links to separate subtopic pages.</comment>
      <origin>4680618</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2950" sha1="otzym3nkt8h385yk7iwyj3utagr0gaa" xml:space="preserve">
= Indian Cell Tower Radiation Norms =

This book explains Indian regulations, electromagnetic field (EMF) exposure limits, radiation measurement procedures, health and safety aspects, and government monitoring of mobile communication towers.

== Table of Contents ==

=== Chapter 1: Introduction to Cell Tower Radiation ===
* [[/Introduction to Cell Tower Radiation|1.1 Introduction to Cell Tower Radiation]]
* [[/Indian Cell Tower Radiation Standards|Chapter 2: Indian Cell Tower Radiation Standards]]

=== Chapter 2: Indian Cell Tower Radiation Standards ===
* [[/Indian Cell Tower Radiation Standards/DoT Guidelines|2.1 Department of Telecommunications (DoT) Guidelines]]
* [[/Indian Cell Tower Radiation Standards/Indian EMF Exposure Limits|2.2 Indian EMF Exposure Limits]]
* [[/Indian Cell Tower Radiation Standards/ICNIRP Guidelines|2.3 ICNIRP International Guidelines]]
* [[/Indian Cell Tower Radiation Standards/Comparison of Standards|2.4 Comparison of Indian and International Standards]]

=== Chapter 3: Radiation Measurement and Monitoring ===
* [[/Radiation Measurement and Monitoring/Electric Field Strength|3.1 Electric Field Strength]]
* [[/Radiation Measurement and Monitoring/Magnetic Field Strength|3.2 Magnetic Field Strength]]
* [[/Radiation Measurement and Monitoring/Power Density|3.3 Power Density]]
* [[/Radiation Measurement and Monitoring/Measurement Equipment and Procedures|3.4 Measurement Equipment and Procedures]]
* [[/Radiation Measurement and Monitoring/EMF Compliance Testing|3.5 EMF Compliance Testing]]

=== Chapter 4: Health Effects and Public Safety ===
* [[/Health Effects and Public Safety/Biological Effects of RF Radiation|4.1 Biological Effects of RF Radiation]]
* [[/Health Effects and Public Safety/Thermal Effects|4.2 Thermal Effects]]
* [[/Health Effects and Public Safety/Specific Absorption Rate|4.3 Specific Absorption Rate (SAR)]]
* [[/Health Effects and Public Safety/WHO Scientific Research|4.4 WHO Scientific Research]]
* [[/Health Effects and Public Safety/Public Safety Recommendations|4.5 Public Safety Recommendations]]

=== Chapter 5: Indian Regulatory Framework and Tarang Sanchar Portal ===
* [[/Indian Regulatory Framework and Tarang Sanchar Portal/Department of Telecommunications|5.1 Department of Telecommunications (DoT)]]
* [[/Indian Regulatory Framework and Tarang Sanchar Portal/TERM Cells|5.2 TERM Cells]]
* [[/Indian Regulatory Framework and Tarang Sanchar Portal/Telecom Operator Responsibilities|5.3 Telecom Operator Responsibilities]]
* [[/Indian Regulatory Framework and Tarang Sanchar Portal/Tarang Sanchar Portal|5.4 Tarang Sanchar Portal]]
* [[/Indian Regulatory Framework and Tarang Sanchar Portal/Checking Tower Locations and EMF Compliance|5.5 Checking Tower Locations and EMF Compliance]]
* [[/Indian Regulatory Framework and Tarang Sanchar Portal/Public Complaints and Radiation Testing|5.6 Public Complaints and Radiation Testing]]

== References ==
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
      <sha1>otzym3nkt8h385yk7iwyj3utagr0gaa</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4680621</id>
      <parentid>4680618</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-07T05:44:54Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Bojja Mahesh Yadav</username>
        <id>3629813</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Organized the book into five main chapters with links to separate subtopic pages.</comment>
      <origin>4680621</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3496" sha1="p3lqzhetgokyebs3guy6e9uoodwas3u" xml:space="preserve">
= Indian Cell Tower Radiation Norms =

== Table of Contents ==

=== 1. Introduction to Cell Tower Radiation ===

This section introduces mobile communication towers and explains radio-frequency (RF) radiation, including its place within the electromagnetic spectrum and the meaning of non-ionizing radiation.

* [[/Introduction to Cell Tower Radiation/Mobile communication towers|Mobile communication towers]]
* [[/Introduction to Cell Tower Radiation/Radio Frequency (RF) radiation|Radio Frequency (RF) radiation]]
* [[/Introduction to Cell Tower Radiation/Non-ionizing radiation|Non-ionizing radiation]]
* [[/Introduction to Cell Tower Radiation/Electromagnetic spectrum|Electromagnetic spectrum]]

=== 2. Indian Cell Tower Radiation Standards ===

It covers the Department of Telecommunications (DoT) guidelines, Indian limits for EMF exposure, and the international guidelines issued by ICNIRP. Indian requirements are also compared with those international standards.

* [[/Indian Cell Tower Radiation Standards/Department of Telecommunications (DoT) guidelines|Department of Telecommunications (DoT) guidelines]]
* [[/Indian Cell Tower Radiation Standards/Indian limits for EMF exposure|Indian limits for EMF exposure]]
* [[/Indian Cell Tower Radiation Standards/ICNIRP international guidelines|ICNIRP international guidelines]]
* [[/Indian Cell Tower Radiation Standards/Comparison of Indian and international standards|Comparison of Indian and international standards]]

=== 3. Radiation Measurement and Monitoring ===

The discussion focuses on electric and magnetic field strength, power density, and the equipment and procedures used for measurement. It also addresses EMF compliance testing.

* [[/Radiation Measurement and Monitoring/Electric field strength|Electric field strength]]
* [[/Radiation Measurement and Monitoring/Magnetic field strength|Magnetic field strength]]
* [[/Radiation Measurement and Monitoring/Power density|Power density]]
* [[/Radiation Measurement and Monitoring/Measurement equipment and procedures|Measurement equipment and procedures]]
* [[/Radiation Measurement and Monitoring/EMF compliance testing|EMF compliance testing]]

=== 4. Health Effects and Public Safety ===

This section examines the biological effects of RF radiation.

* [[/Health Effects and Public Safety/Thermal effects|Thermal effects]]
* [[/Health Effects and Public Safety/Specific Absorption Rate (SAR)|Specific Absorption Rate (SAR)]]
* [[/Health Effects and Public Safety/Scientific research by WHO|Scientific research by WHO]]
* [[/Health Effects and Public Safety/Public safety guidance|Public safety guidance]]

=== 5. India’s regulatory framework and the Tarang Sanchar portal ===

* [[/India’s regulatory framework and the Tarang Sanchar portal/Department of Telecommunications (DoT)|Department of Telecommunications (DoT)]]
* [[/India’s regulatory framework and the Tarang Sanchar portal/Term Cells|Term Cells]]
* [[/India’s regulatory framework and the Tarang Sanchar portal/Telecom operator responsibilities|Telecom operator responsibilities]]
* [[/India’s regulatory framework and the Tarang Sanchar portal/Tarang Sanchar Portal|Tarang Sanchar Portal]]
* [[/India’s regulatory framework and the Tarang Sanchar portal/Verifying tower locations and EMF compliance|Verifying tower locations and EMF compliance]]
* [[/India’s regulatory framework and the Tarang Sanchar portal/Public complaints and radiation testing|Public complaints and radiation testing]]</text>
      <sha1>p3lqzhetgokyebs3guy6e9uoodwas3u</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4680622</id>
      <parentid>4680621</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-07T05:52:26Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Bojja Mahesh Yadav</username>
        <id>3629813</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>edited sub topics</comment>
      <origin>4680622</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2550" sha1="tcnoatxoqbbp1mjihj71sp5mpsoktno" xml:space="preserve">
= Indian Cell Tower Radiation Norms =

== Table of Contents ==

=== 1. Introduction to Cell Tower Radiation ===

This section introduces mobile communication towers and explains radio-frequency (RF) radiation, including its place within the electromagnetic spectrum and the meaning of non-ionizing radiation.

* [[/Mobile communication towers|Mobile communication towers]]
* [[/Radio Frequency (RF) radiation|Radio Frequency (RF) radiation]]
* [[/Non-ionizing radiation|Non-ionizing radiation]]
* [[/Electromagnetic spectrum|Electromagnetic spectrum]]

=== 2. Indian Cell Tower Radiation Standards ===

It covers the Department of Telecommunications (DoT) guidelines, Indian limits for EMF exposure, and the international guidelines issued by ICNIRP. Indian requirements are also compared with those international standards.

* [[/Department of Telecommunications (DoT) guidelines|Department of Telecommunications (DoT) guidelines]]
* [[/Indian limits for EMF exposure|Indian limits for EMF exposure]]
* [[/ICNIRP international guidelines|ICNIRP international guidelines]]
* [[/Comparison of Indian and international standards|Comparison of Indian and international standards]]

=== 3. Radiation Measurement and Monitoring ===

The discussion focuses on electric and magnetic field strength, power density, and the equipment and procedures used for measurement. It also addresses EMF compliance testing.

* [[/Electric field strength|Electric field strength]]
* [[/Radiation Measurement and Monitoring/Magnetic field strength|Magnetic field strength]]
* [[/Power density|Power density]]
* [[/Measurement equipment and procedures|Measurement equipment and procedures]]
* [[/EMF compliance testing|EMF compliance testing]]

=== 4. Health Effects and Public Safety ===

This section examines the biological effects of RF radiation.

* [[/Thermal effects|Thermal effects]]
* [[/Specific Absorption Rate (SAR)|Specific Absorption Rate (SAR)]]
* [[/Scientific research by WHO|Scientific research by WHO]]
* [[/Public safety guidance|Public safety guidance]]

=== 5. India’s regulatory framework and the Tarang Sanchar portal ===

* [[/Department of Telecommunications (DoT)|Department of Telecommunications (DoT)]]
* [[/Term Cells|Term Cells]]
* [[/Telecom operator responsibilities|Telecom operator responsibilities]]
* [[/Tarang Sanchar Portal|Tarang Sanchar Portal]]
* [[/Verifying tower locations and EMF compliance|Verifying tower locations and EMF compliance]]
* [[/Public complaints and radiation testing|Public complaints and radiation testing]]</text>
      <sha1>tcnoatxoqbbp1mjihj71sp5mpsoktno</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4680623</id>
      <parentid>4680622</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-07T06:01:59Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Bojja Mahesh Yadav</username>
        <id>3629813</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>edited my subtopics</comment>
      <origin>4680623</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1324" sha1="t9niiess7tq2vtknj6mmqigc9606cd9" xml:space="preserve">
= Mobile communication towers in India =

== 1. Mobile communication towers in India ==

* [[/Purpose of mobile towers|Purpose of mobile towers.]]
* [[/Base and roof top towers|Base and roof top towers.]]
* [[/Role in network coverage|Role in network coverage.]]

== 2. Main components of a mobile tower. ==

* [[/Antennas|Antennas.]]
* [[/Radio equipment|Radio equipment.]]
* [[/Base Transceiver Station (BTS)|Base Transceiver Station (BTS).]]
* [[/Power supply and backup systems|Power supply and backup systems.]]

== 3. How mobile towers put out signals. ==

* [[/Transmission of RF signals and their reception|Transmission of RF signals and their reception.]]
* [[/Mobile phone to base station communication|Mobile phone to base station communication.]]
* [[/Antenna frequency and transmit power|Antenna frequency and transmit power.]]

== 4. RF emissions from mobile towers. ==

* [[/Electromagnetic fields from antennas|Electromagnetic fields from antennas.]]
* [[/Power density|Power density.]]
* [[/What which factors affect public exposure|What which factors affect public exposure.]]

== 5. Indian regulations for mobile towers. ==

* [[/DoT EMF exposure standards|DoT EMF exposure standards.]]
* [[/EMF compliance issues|EMF compliance issues.]]
* [[/Field units’ report of DoT|Field units’ report of DoT.]]</text>
      <sha1>t9niiess7tq2vtknj6mmqigc9606cd9</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4680624</id>
      <parentid>4680623</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-07T06:04:48Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Bojja Mahesh Yadav</username>
        <id>3629813</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>title changed</comment>
      <origin>4680624</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1321" sha1="bnadggjns97djh9d9sne51zz4qxpd2i" xml:space="preserve">
= Indian cell towers radition norms =

== 1. Mobile communication towers in India ==

* [[/Purpose of mobile towers|Purpose of mobile towers.]]
* [[/Base and roof top towers|Base and roof top towers.]]
* [[/Role in network coverage|Role in network coverage.]]

== 2. Main components of a mobile tower. ==

* [[/Antennas|Antennas.]]
* [[/Radio equipment|Radio equipment.]]
* [[/Base Transceiver Station (BTS)|Base Transceiver Station (BTS).]]
* [[/Power supply and backup systems|Power supply and backup systems.]]

== 3. How mobile towers put out signals. ==

* [[/Transmission of RF signals and their reception|Transmission of RF signals and their reception.]]
* [[/Mobile phone to base station communication|Mobile phone to base station communication.]]
* [[/Antenna frequency and transmit power|Antenna frequency and transmit power.]]

== 4. RF emissions from mobile towers. ==

* [[/Electromagnetic fields from antennas|Electromagnetic fields from antennas.]]
* [[/Power density|Power density.]]
* [[/What which factors affect public exposure|What which factors affect public exposure.]]

== 5. Indian regulations for mobile towers. ==

* [[/DoT EMF exposure standards|DoT EMF exposure standards.]]
* [[/EMF compliance issues|EMF compliance issues.]]
* [[/Field units’ report of DoT|Field units’ report of DoT.]]</text>
      <sha1>bnadggjns97djh9d9sne51zz4qxpd2i</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4680625</id>
      <parentid>4680624</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-07T06:07:55Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Bojja Mahesh Yadav</username>
        <id>3629813</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Indian cell towers radition norms */</comment>
      <origin>4680625</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1323" sha1="ntb2j8wha49o2uruxltz6do8ks1cco7" xml:space="preserve">
= Indian Mobile Towers Radition Norms =

== 1. Mobile communication towers in India ==

* [[/Purpose of mobile towers|Purpose of mobile towers.]]
* [[/Base and roof top towers|Base and roof top towers.]]
* [[/Role in network coverage|Role in network coverage.]]

== 2. Main components of a mobile tower. ==

* [[/Antennas|Antennas.]]
* [[/Radio equipment|Radio equipment.]]
* [[/Base Transceiver Station (BTS)|Base Transceiver Station (BTS).]]
* [[/Power supply and backup systems|Power supply and backup systems.]]

== 3. How mobile towers put out signals. ==

* [[/Transmission of RF signals and their reception|Transmission of RF signals and their reception.]]
* [[/Mobile phone to base station communication|Mobile phone to base station communication.]]
* [[/Antenna frequency and transmit power|Antenna frequency and transmit power.]]

== 4. RF emissions from mobile towers. ==

* [[/Electromagnetic fields from antennas|Electromagnetic fields from antennas.]]
* [[/Power density|Power density.]]
* [[/What which factors affect public exposure|What which factors affect public exposure.]]

== 5. Indian regulations for mobile towers. ==

* [[/DoT EMF exposure standards|DoT EMF exposure standards.]]
* [[/EMF compliance issues|EMF compliance issues.]]
* [[/Field units’ report of DoT|Field units’ report of DoT.]]</text>
      <sha1>ntb2j8wha49o2uruxltz6do8ks1cco7</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4680626</id>
      <parentid>4680625</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-07T06:13:49Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Bojja Mahesh Yadav</username>
        <id>3629813</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>I ADDED CONTENT ABOT INDIAN MOBILE TOWER RADITION NORMS</comment>
      <origin>4680626</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2903" sha1="slyirfswmbrg8gun753po6nj18vb00h" xml:space="preserve">
= Indian Mobile Towers Radition Norms =
Mobile in India’s telecommunication network communication towers play a key role which is to provide wireless connection to mobile users in both urban and rural areas. These towers which may be installed as ground based structures or on the roofs of buildings house antennas, radio equipment, Base Transceiver Stations  and power supply along with backup systems. The antennas which are used to put out and receive radio frequency  signals between mobile phones and base stations use different frequency bands. In the process of this towers produce electromagnetic fields around the antennas. We assess the strength of these fields with the use of electric field strength, magnetic field strength and power density. Public exposure to this fields is a result of many factors which include antenna transmit power, operating frequency, direction of the antenna, height and distance from the antenna.In India the Department of Telecommunications  has put in place what are the safety parameters which mobile base stations must adhere to in terms of EMF exposure. In 2008 India adopted the ICNIRP guidelines which at that time were made into more strict precautionary exposure limits which in fact are a tenth of what the ICNIRP put forth. Telecom companies report in on compliance which they determine for themselves, but also the DoT has put in place field teams which do on site checks and measurements to see that indeed the reports are true. These regulations and monitoring actions are in play to see that what is put out by mobile towers is within the set public exposure limits.

== 1. Mobile communication towers in India ==

* [[/Purpose of mobile towers|Purpose of mobile towers.]]
* [[/Base and roof top towers|Base and roof top towers.]]
* [[/Role in network coverage|Role in network coverage.]]

== 2. Main components of a mobile tower. ==

* [[/Antennas|Antennas.]]
* [[/Radio equipment|Radio equipment.]]
* [[/Base Transceiver Station |Base Transceiver Station (BTS).]]
* [[/Power supply and backup systems|Power supply and backup systems.]]

== 3. How mobile towers put out signals. ==

* [[/Transmission of RF signals and their reception|Transmission of RF signals and their reception.]]
* [[/Mobile phone to base station communication|Mobile phone to base station communication.]]
* [[/Antenna frequency and transmit power|Antenna frequency and transmit power.]]

== 4. RF emissions from mobile towers. ==

* [[/Electromagnetic fields from antennas|Electromagnetic fields from antennas.]]
* [[/Power density|Power density.]]
* [[/What which factors affect public exposure|What which factors affect public exposure.]]

== 5. Indian regulations for mobile towers. ==

* [[/DoT EMF exposure standards|DoT EMF exposure standards.]]
* [[/EMF compliance issues|EMF compliance issues.]]
* [[/Field units’ report of DoT|Field units’ report of DoT.]]</text>
      <sha1>slyirfswmbrg8gun753po6nj18vb00h</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>User:Gundhu mama/sandbox</title>
    <ns>2</ns>
    <id>486935</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4680372</id>
      <parentid>4680364</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T12:03:26Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Gundhu mama</username>
        <id>3629909</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4680372</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="10302" sha1="t5c2b91af6ungfebw4gnfjkvyzubv7s" xml:space="preserve">= '''How Communication Systems Help in Smart Irrigation''' =
&lt;big&gt;Agriculture is a part of human life and water is one of the basic requirements for growing crops. Farmers need to provide the amount of water to their fields to maintain healthy crop growth. In irrigation methods farmers usually control the water supply manually. This process takes time. Can sometimes result in unnecessary water wastage.&lt;/big&gt;

&lt;big&gt;Smart irrigation is a method of watering crops with the help of electronic devices and communication technologies. It uses sensors to measure soil moisture and collect information about conditions. This information is sent to a controller, which helps manage the water supply according to the needs of the crops.&lt;/big&gt;

&lt;big&gt;Communication systems play a role in smart irrigation because they allow different devices to share information, with each other. They help farmers monitor their fields control water pumps and manage irrigation using phones or computers.&lt;/big&gt;

&lt;big&gt;By using irrigation farmers can save water reduce manual work and improve the management of agricultural fields. It is a technology that connects agriculture with modern communication and automation systems&lt;/big&gt;.

== '''&lt;big&gt;Meaning of Smart Irrigation&lt;/big&gt;''' ==
&lt;big&gt;I find Smart irrigation to be a way of watering plants and crops that uses technology. Smart irrigation uses sensors to find out how much water is, in the soil. These sensors send the data to a computer, which then controls the water flow.&lt;/big&gt; &lt;big&gt;When the soil becomes dry Smart irrigation will automatically turn on the water pump. When the soil has water Smart irrigation turns the pump off. Smart irrigation helps farmers save water cut down on manual work and give the crops just the right amount of water.&lt;/big&gt;

&lt;big&gt;'''Example:''' If the soil is dry Smart irrigation sensors detect it and send a signal to the controller and Smart irrigation starts watering the plants.&lt;/big&gt;

== '''Need for Communication Systems in Agriculture''' ==
&lt;big&gt;Communication systems are important in farming because they let different devices talk to each other. In irrigation sensors gather data about how wet the soil is and send that data to a controller.&lt;/big&gt;

&lt;big&gt;This data helps farmers know when their crops need water. Communication systems also let farmers watch their fields and turn on water pumps using their phones or computers.&lt;/big&gt;

&lt;big&gt;Points to cover:&lt;/big&gt;

# &lt;big&gt;'''Monitoring:''' Looking at soil moisture and temperature.&lt;/big&gt;
# &lt;big&gt;'''Data Sharing:''' Passing information from sensors to controllers.&lt;/big&gt;
# &lt;big&gt;'''Remote Control:''' Turning on water pumps from away.&lt;/big&gt;
# &lt;big&gt;'''Water Saving:''' Giving water only when crops really need it.&lt;/big&gt;
# &lt;big&gt;'''Time Saving:''' Cutting down on the need to check things by hand.&lt;/big&gt;
# &lt;big&gt;'''Automation:''' Letting the irrigation system work, on its own.&lt;/big&gt;

== '''Main Components of Smart Irrigation''' ==
&lt;big&gt;A smart irrigation system includes electronic parts that work together to provide water to plants and crops. Each part has its job. These parts help farmers check soil conditions and manage the water supply automatically.&lt;/big&gt;

'''&lt;big&gt;1. Soil Moisture Sensor&lt;/big&gt;''' '''&lt;big&gt;:&lt;/big&gt;''' &lt;big&gt;A soil moisture sensor is used to check how much water is in the soil. When the soil gets dry the sensor notices the water level and passes the details to the microcontroller.&lt;/big&gt;

'''&lt;big&gt;2. Temperature Sensor&lt;/big&gt;&lt;big&gt;:&lt;/big&gt;''' &lt;big&gt;A temperature sensor checks the temperature around the area. It helps farmers learn about the temperature in the farming area.&lt;/big&gt;

'''&lt;big&gt;3. Microcontroller&lt;/big&gt;&lt;big&gt;:&lt;/big&gt;''' &lt;big&gt;A microcontroller is the part that controls the smart irrigation system. It gets info from sensors looks at the data. Manages the water pump based on the soil condition.&lt;/big&gt;

'''&lt;big&gt;4. Communication Module&lt;/big&gt;&lt;big&gt;:&lt;/big&gt;''' &lt;big&gt;A communication module is used to send information between devices. It lets the microcontroller send data to phones or computers using ways like Wi-Fi, GSM or Bluetooth.&lt;/big&gt;

'''&lt;big&gt;5. Water Pump&lt;/big&gt;&lt;big&gt;:&lt;/big&gt;''' &lt;big&gt;A water pump is used to give water to the crops. When the soil moisture is low the controller turns the pump on. When the soil has water the pump is turned off.&lt;/big&gt;

'''&lt;big&gt;6. Power Supply&lt;/big&gt;&lt;big&gt;:&lt;/big&gt;''' &lt;big&gt;A power supply gives the electricity needed to run the sensors, microcontroller and other parts. Solar power or a regular electric supply can be used to power the system.&lt;/big&gt;

'''&lt;big&gt;7. Mobile. Computer&lt;/big&gt;&lt;big&gt;:&lt;/big&gt;''' &lt;big&gt;A mobile phone or computer helps farmers watch the irrigation system. They can look at the data, from sensors. Manage the system from a distance when the right communication and control options are there.&lt;/big&gt;

'''&lt;big&gt;Working Example&lt;/big&gt;'''

&lt;big&gt;When the soil gets dry the soil moisture sensor notices the moisture and sends the details to the microcontroller. The microcontroller looks at the details. Turns on the water pump. The pump gives water to the crops. When the soil has water the microcontroller turns the pump off.&lt;/big&gt;

== '''Working Procedure of Smart Irrigation''' ==
&lt;big&gt;A smart irrigation system relies on sensors, a microcontroller, a communication module and a water pump. These components work together to give water to crops based on the moisture level of the soil.&lt;/big&gt;

&lt;big&gt;Steps involved in the working procedure&lt;/big&gt;

# &lt;big&gt;'''Checking Soil Moisture'''&lt;/big&gt;&lt;big&gt;''':''' The soil moisture sensor measures how much water is in the soil. The soil moisture sensor tells whether the soil is wet or dry.&lt;/big&gt;
# &lt;big&gt;'''Sending Information'''&lt;/big&gt;&lt;big&gt;''':''' When the soil becomes dry the soil moisture sensor sends the collected data to the microcontroller.&lt;/big&gt;
# &lt;big&gt;'''Processing Information'''&lt;/big&gt;&lt;big&gt;''':''' The microcontroller receives the data from the soil moisture sensor. Checks the moisture level of the soil.&lt;/big&gt;
# &lt;big&gt;'''Starting the Water Pump'''&lt;/big&gt;&lt;big&gt;''':''' If the moisture level is low the microcontroller sends a signal to turn on the water pump.&lt;/big&gt;
# &lt;big&gt;'''Supplying Water'''&lt;/big&gt;&lt;big&gt;''':''' The water pump then supplies water to the crops through pipes or irrigation systems.&lt;/big&gt;
# &lt;big&gt;'''Stopping the Water Pump'''&lt;/big&gt;&lt;big&gt;''':''' When the soil gets water the soil moisture sensor sends updated data to the microcontroller. The microcontroller then turns off the water pump.&lt;/big&gt;
# &lt;big&gt;'''Remote Monitoring'''&lt;/big&gt;&lt;big&gt;''':''' Using communication technologies such, as Wi‑Fi or GSM farmers can monitor the irrigation system from their mobile phones or computers.&lt;/big&gt;

== '''Communication Technologies Used in Smart Irrigation''' ==
&lt;big&gt;Communication technologies are used in irrigation to share information between sensors, microcontrollers and mobile devices. They help farmers check their fields and manage the irrigation system from away.&lt;/big&gt;

&lt;big&gt;Some common communication technologies used in irrigation are:&lt;/big&gt;

&lt;big&gt;1. Wi-Fi&lt;/big&gt;

&lt;big&gt;Wi-Fi is a communication technology that lets devices share information through a network. In irrigation it helps send data from sensors to phones or computers. It works well when there is an internet connection to the farm.&lt;/big&gt;

&lt;big&gt;2. Bluetooth&lt;/big&gt;

&lt;big&gt;Bluetooth is used for range wireless communication between electronic devices. Farmers can use it to link a phone with an irrigation controller when they're close to the system.&lt;/big&gt;

&lt;big&gt;3. GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications)&lt;/big&gt;

&lt;big&gt;GSM is a mobile communication technology that uses cell networks to send information. It lets farmers get updates and watch over irrigation systems from away.&lt;/big&gt;

&lt;big&gt;4. Zigbee&lt;/big&gt;

&lt;big&gt;Zigbee is a low-power wireless communication technology. It lets different sensors and electronic devices talk to each other. It is good for systems that need power.&lt;/big&gt;

&lt;big&gt;5. LoRaWAN (Long Range Wide Area Network)&lt;/big&gt;

&lt;big&gt;LoRaWAN is a communication technology made for sending data over long distances with low power use. It is helpful, for checking sensors that are spread out across farms.&lt;/big&gt;

&lt;sup&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;big&gt;Comparison of Communication Technologies&lt;/big&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+
!Technology
!Main use
!Communication range
|-
|Wi-Fi
|Internet-based monitoring
|Short to medium
|-
|Bluetooth
|Nearby device connection
|Short
|-
|Zigbee
|Communication between sensors
|Short to medium
|-
|LoRaWAN
|Long-distance sensor communication
|Long
|-
|GSM
|Remote communication
|Cellular coverage area
|}

== '''Advantages of Smart Irrigation''' ==
&lt;big&gt;Smart irrigation is a technology in agriculture. It allows farmers to control water supply using sensors, microcontrollers and communication systems. This technology also cuts down the need for irrigation.&lt;/big&gt;

&lt;big&gt;The main advantages of irrigation are:&lt;/big&gt;

&lt;big&gt;'''1. Saves Water'''&lt;/big&gt;

&lt;big&gt;Smart irrigation gives water when needed, based on the soil moisture level. It prevents wasting water by avoiding, over-irrigation.&lt;/big&gt;

&lt;big&gt;'''2. Saves Time'''&lt;/big&gt;

&lt;big&gt;Farmers do not have to check the soil or run the water pump every day. The system handles everything automatically saving a lot of time.&lt;/big&gt;

&lt;big&gt;'''3. Reduces Manual Work'''&lt;/big&gt;

&lt;big&gt;The system uses sensors and controllers to manage irrigation. This means farmers don’t have to do the work themselves.&lt;/big&gt;

&lt;big&gt;'''4. Remote Monitoring'''&lt;/big&gt;

&lt;big&gt;Farmers can use phones or computers to check soil moisture and irrigation status. They can keep an eye on things from anywhere.&lt;/big&gt;

&lt;big&gt;'''5. Automatic Water Supply'''&lt;/big&gt;

&lt;big&gt;The water pump turns on when the soil is too dry and turns off when the soil has moisture. No need to press any buttons.&lt;/big&gt;

&lt;big&gt;'''6. Better Crop Management'''&lt;/big&gt;

&lt;big&gt;Giving the amount of water at the right time helps keep the soil in good condition. This supports crop growth.&lt;/big&gt;

&lt;big&gt;'''7. Saves Energy'''&lt;/big&gt;

&lt;big&gt;Since the pump only runs when needed energy use goes down. This reduces electricity bills. Helps save power.&lt;/big&gt;

&lt;big&gt;'''Conclusion'''&lt;/big&gt;

&lt;big&gt;Smart irrigation makes farming easier and smarter. It helps farmers save water reduce effort and manage irrigation better using modern tools and devices.&lt;/big&gt;

== '''Challenges of Smart Irrigation''' ==</text>
      <sha1>t5c2b91af6ungfebw4gnfjkvyzubv7s</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>The Long Game: Moving Beyond the Checkpoint Mindset</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>486939</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4680377</id>
      <parentid>4680359</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T12:20:25Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>MathXplore</username>
        <id>3097823</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Requesting deletion ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/User:TenWhile6/XReport|XReport]] v3.1d)</comment>
      <origin>4680377</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4251" sha1="ct1mn53ru4umszcdw1o2zcv7707slfb" xml:space="preserve">&lt;noinclude&gt;{{delete|1=Out of project scope &lt;small&gt;[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/User:TenWhile6/XReport|XReport]]&lt;/small&gt;}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;

{{DISPLAYTITLE:The Long Game: Moving Beyond the Checkpoint Mindset}}

= The Long Game: Moving Beyond the Checkpoint Mindset =

[[File:The Long Game Moving Beyond the Checkpoint Mindset by Saalim Zayed.webp|thumb|Cover of ''The Long Game: Moving Beyond the Checkpoint Mindset'' by Saalim Zayed.]]

''The Long Game: Moving Beyond the Checkpoint Mindset'' is a nonfiction book by Saalim Zayed. It examines the way people approach their ambitions and the tendency to measure progress through individual achievements rather than a longer sense of purpose.

The book discusses personal direction, the influence of social expectations on individual thinking, and the role of Islamic teachings in shaping one's understanding of responsibility and success.&lt;ref name=&quot;official&quot;&gt;[https://zayed-saalim.github.io/the-long-game/ The Long Game: Moving Beyond the Checkpoint Mindset — Official website].&lt;/ref&gt;

== Book information ==

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Information !! Details
|-
| Title || ''The Long Game: Moving Beyond the Checkpoint Mindset''
|-
| Author || [[#About the author|Saalim Zayed]]
|-
| Publisher || Self-published
|-
| Publication year || 2026 (verify first publication date)
|-
| Language || English
|-
| Genre || Nonfiction, self-help, personal development
|-
| Length || 26 pages
|-
| ISBN || Not assigned
|-
| Copyright || © 2026 Saalim Zayed. All rights reserved.
|-
| Official website || [https://zayed-saalim.github.io/the-long-game/ The Long Game]
|-
| Wikidata || [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q142053262 Q142053262]
|}

== About the book ==

The book takes its title from the idea that life should not be understood simply as a series of checkpoints. Educational qualifications, professional achievements and other milestones may mark progress, but they do not necessarily explain what a person is working towards or why.

The work explores the importance of having a longer-term perspective. Its discussion moves between personal reflection, social expectations and religious perspectives on the way people approach their lives.

Islamic ideas about intention, patience and excellence also form part of the discussion.&lt;ref name=&quot;official&quot; /&gt;

== Contents ==

The book is divided into four chapters:

# A Question That Haunts Me
# Factory That Built Us to Think Small
# What Islam Taught Me
# Conclusion: From Aimlessness to Excellence

== Themes ==

=== The pursuit of long-term goals ===

One of the central subjects of the book is the difference between reaching individual goals and having a clear direction in life. It considers how a person can become occupied with completing one milestone after another without necessarily thinking about the wider purpose behind those achievements.

=== Social expectations ===

The book raises questions about the influence of society on individual ambitions. It considers whether commonly accepted definitions of success encourage people to think independently about what they want to achieve.

=== Faith and personal responsibility ===

Islamic teachings form another part of the discussion. The book considers how faith, intention and personal responsibility can influence the way people understand success and approach their ambitions.

== About the author ==

=== Saalim Zayed ===

'''Saalim Zayed''' is an author and entrepreneur. He is the author of ''The Long Game: Moving Beyond the Checkpoint Mindset'', a nonfiction work addressing long-term thinking, purpose and personal development.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Information !! Details
|-
| Name || Saalim Zayed
|-
| Occupation || Author and entrepreneur
|-
| Known for || [[Learn &amp; Earn]]
|-
| Official website || [https://zayed-saalim.github.io/Zayed.com/ Saalim Zayed]
|-
| Wikidata || [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141657493 Q141657493]
|}

== References ==

&lt;references /&gt;

== External links ==

* [https://zayed-saalim.github.io/the-long-game/ Official book website]
* [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q142053262 Wikidata entry for the book]
* [https://zayed-saalim.github.io/Zayed.com/ Author's official website]
* [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141657493 Wikidata entry for Saalim Zayed]</text>
      <sha1>ct1mn53ru4umszcdw1o2zcv7707slfb</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e6/2. d4/2...d5/3. exd5/3...exd5/4. Nf3/4...Nc6</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>486943</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4680386</id>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T13:04:14Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Atiedebee</username>
        <id>3523910</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Overview of the 2 main responses, which I think deserve their own pages</comment>
      <origin>4680386</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1218" sha1="6bftfe7wpb3fwnp51zxblv0ulpp1dyb" xml:space="preserve">{{Chess Position
|name=French defence: Exchange variation
|eco=[[Chess/ECOC|C01]]
|parent=[[../../../|Exchange variation]]
}}
== 4...Nc6 ==
This is one of Black's most provocative responses to the exchange variation. From c6, the knight controls the e5-square and puts pressure on the d4-pawn, which can be increased with a future ...Bg4. White's main responses concern the development of the light-squared bishop, so they will be able to castle on the next move.

'''[[/5. Bb5/]]''' is the main line, pinning the c6-knight to the Black king. This often leads to a more open position, since White should open up the centre early with the move c4 to take advantage of the pin. 

'''[[/5. Bd3/]]''' is Black's second-most popular response. The position is generally a lot more closed compared to 5. Bb5, though opposite side castling is not out of the question, so the position generally becomes fairly rich and sharp.

== Theory table ==
{{Chess Opening Theory/Table}}

{{Chess/theory table
|line1=5. Bb5 Bd6 6. c4 dxc4 7. d5 a6 8. Ba4 b5 9. dxc6 bxc6
|line2=5. Bd3 Bd6 6. O-O Nge7 7. c3 Bg4 8. Re1 Qd7 9. Nbd2 O-O-O
}}

{{ChessMid}}

==References==
{{Wikipedia|French Defence}}
{{BCO2}}
{{Chess Opening Theory/Footer}}</text>
      <sha1>6bftfe7wpb3fwnp51zxblv0ulpp1dyb</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e6/2. d4/2...d5/3. exd5/3...exd5/4. Nf3/4...Nc6/5. Bd3</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>486944</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4680400</id>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T13:56:21Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Atiedebee</username>
        <id>3523910</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;{{Chess Position |name=French defence: Exchange variation |eco=[[Chess/ECOC|C01]] |parent=[[../../../../|Exchange variation]] }} {{Chess/sideline}} == 5. Bd3 == White avoids the aggressive [[../5. Bb5|5. Bb5]] and opts for more standard development instead. Despite the position seeming fairly quiet, Black's ability to quickly castle queenside can quickly turn the position into a sharp and tactical battle.  Black's main response is '''5...Bd6''', over-protecting the e5-sq...&quot;</comment>
      <origin>4680400</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2805" sha1="d4zl26m0r3xjz79u302dv13uoa09pgm" xml:space="preserve">{{Chess Position
|name=French defence: Exchange variation
|eco=[[Chess/ECOC|C01]]
|parent=[[../../../../|Exchange variation]]
}}
{{Chess/sideline}}
== 5. Bd3 ==
White avoids the aggressive [[../5. Bb5|5. Bb5]] and opts for more standard development instead. Despite the position seeming fairly quiet, Black's ability to quickly castle queenside can quickly turn the position into a sharp and tactical battle.

Black's main response is '''5...Bd6''', over-protecting the e5-square. Usually the position after 6. O-O Nge7 7. c3 Bg4 8. Re1 Qd7 (8...O-O? 9. Bxh7+ {{Chess/not|++}}) 9. Nbd2 arises, where Black has the choice between 9...O-O, 9...O-O-O and 9...f6. The position can be reached through many different move-orders, since the variation hasn't been very forcing so far.
{{Chess/board
|moves=1. e4 e6 2. d4 d5 3. exd5 exd5 4. Nf3 Nc6 5. Bd3 Bd6 6. O-O Nge7 7. c3 Bg4 8. Re1 Qd7 9. Nbd2 
|caption=Black is at  a crossroads.
}}
9...O-O-O is the most popular, often leading to big pawnstorms and exciting games. However, Black should be careful, since White is able to quickly play 10. b4, supported by the pawn on c3, after which 11. b5 comes with tempo on the knight, with a very dangerous position for Black, since White's attack comes faster. 

9...O-O is a lot safer, though it has a significantly bigger draw rate than 9...O-O-O. 

9...f6 is a middle-ground between the two. Black waits a move to see what White's plan is, controls the e5-square, and invests a tempo in a potential kingside pawn-storm. 10. b4 and 10. a4 are usually answered by 10...O-O, while other moves like 10. Qc2 or 10. Nf1 can be met with 10...O-O-O with an exciting game ahead.   

Black can also try to claim the bishop-pair with '''5...Nb4''', which White should decline, since the lost tempo spent on repositioning the bishop is regained after c3, kicking away the knight. White can even try to misplace the knight with 6. Bb5+ c6 7. Ba4, with c3 to follow soon, after which the knight has to go to a6.

'''5...Bg4''' is also played often in this position, threatening 6...Bxf3 followed by 7...Nxd4. After 6. c3, this usually transposes to the 5...Bd6 lines.

== Theory table ==
{{Chess Opening Theory/Table}}

{{Chess/theory table
|links=0

|line1=5. ... Bd6 6. O-O Nge7 7. c3 Bg4 8. Re1 Qd7 9. Nbd2 O-O-O 10. b4 Ng6 11. b5 Nce7 12. Qa5 Kb8 13. Ne5
|eval1={{Chess/not|+}}

|line2=5. ... ... 6. ... ... 7. ... ... 8. ... ... 9. ... O-O 10. Nf1 Bf5
|eval2={{Chess/not|=}}

|line3=5. ... ... 6. ... ... 7. ... ... 8. ... ... 9. ... f6 10. b4 O-O
|eval3={{Chess/not|=}}

|line4=5. ... Nb4 6. Bb5+ c6 7. Ba4 Bd6 8. c3 Na6 9. Bc2
|eval4={{Chess/not|=}}

|line5=5. ... Bg5 6. O-O? Bxf3 7. Qxf3 Nxd4
|eval5={{Chess/not|-}}
}}

{{ChessMid}}

==References==
{{Wikipedia|French Defence}}
{{BCO2}}
{{Chess Opening Theory/Footer}}</text>
      <sha1>d4zl26m0r3xjz79u302dv13uoa09pgm</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Chess Opening Theory/1. d4/1...Nf6/2. c4/2...g6/3. Nc3/3...Bg7/4. e4/4...d6/5. Nf3/5...O-O/6. Be2/6...e5/7. O-O</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>486945</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4680401</id>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T14:05:51Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Littlefairy37</username>
        <id>3629963</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;{{Chess Opening Theory/Position |King's Indian Defense, Main Line |eco=[[Chess/ECOC|E94]] |parent=[[Chess Opening Theory/1. d4/1...Nf6/2. c4/2...g6/3. Nc3/3...Bg7|King's Indian Defense]] }} ==King’s Indian Defense, Main Line== '''7. 0-0''' White simply develops here, keeping the tension in the center, which is the main move.  *Black’s main move here is [[/7...Nc6|'''7...Nc6''']], provoking White into closing the center with d5. Then, the knight is routed to e7 where...&quot;</comment>
      <origin>4680401</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1039" sha1="25ou3z4dk69iukd07ljdpo9h00d53ql" xml:space="preserve">{{Chess Opening Theory/Position
|King's Indian Defense, Main Line
|eco=[[Chess/ECOC|E94]]
|parent=[[Chess Opening Theory/1. d4/1...Nf6/2. c4/2...g6/3. Nc3/3...Bg7|King's Indian Defense]]
}}
==King’s Indian Defense, Main Line==
'''7. 0-0'''
White simply develops here, keeping the tension in the center, which is the main move. 
*Black’s main move here is [[/7...Nc6|'''7...Nc6''']], provoking White into closing the center with d5. Then, the knight is routed to e7 where it can support f5. A sharp game will ensue where Black will try to launch a vicious attack on White's king.
*[[/7...Nbd7|'''7...Nbd7''']], the old mainline, [[/7...Na6|'''7...Na6''']], the Glek defense and [[/7.. .a5|'''7...a5''']], the Ukrainian Defense all share the idea of meeting d4-d5 by planting a knight on c5, and preventing b4 with ...a5
*[[/7...exd4|'''7...exd4''']] is a sideline, leading to positions where White has a typical Maroczy bind against a kingside fianchetto.
{{ChessMid}}
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{BCO2}}
{{Chess Opening Theory/Footer}}</text>
      <sha1>25ou3z4dk69iukd07ljdpo9h00d53ql</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4680403</id>
      <parentid>4680401</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T14:06:14Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Littlefairy37</username>
        <id>3629963</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* King’s Indian Defense, Main Line */</comment>
      <origin>4680403</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1041" sha1="jr5xb9swj3m9btn9obwlliucveyztxm" xml:space="preserve">{{Chess Opening Theory/Position
|King's Indian Defense, Main Line
|eco=[[Chess/ECOC|E94]]
|parent=[[Chess Opening Theory/1. d4/1...Nf6/2. c4/2...g6/3. Nc3/3...Bg7|King's Indian Defense]]
}}
==King’s Indian Defense, Main Line==
'''7. 0-0'''

White simply develops here, keeping the tension in the center, which is the main move. 
*Black’s main move here is [[/7...Nc6|'''7...Nc6''']], provoking White into closing the center with d5. Then, the knight is routed to e7 where it can support f5. A sharp game will ensue where Black will try to launch a vicious attack on White's king.
*[[/7...Nbd7|'''7...Nbd7''']], the old mainline, [[/7...Na6|'''7...Na6''']], the Glek defense and [[/7.. .a5|'''7...a5''']], the Ukrainian Defense all share the idea of meeting d4-d5 by planting a knight on c5, and preventing b4 with ...a5
*[[/7...exd4|'''7...exd4''']] is a sideline, leading to positions where White has a typical Maroczy bind against a kingside fianchetto.
{{ChessMid}}

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{BCO2}}
{{Chess Opening Theory/Footer}}</text>
      <sha1>jr5xb9swj3m9btn9obwlliucveyztxm</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>User:Subhus282/sandbox</title>
    <ns>2</ns>
    <id>486946</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4680402</id>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T14:06:01Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Subhus282</username>
        <id>3630605</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;This page is to give knowlegde about embedded system&quot;</comment>
      <origin>4680402</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="52" sha1="rroehqmo4g8nowd91xex2o3p3iwwgwq" xml:space="preserve">This page is to give knowlegde about embedded system</text>
      <sha1>rroehqmo4g8nowd91xex2o3p3iwwgwq</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Chess Opening Theory/1. d4/1...Nf6/2. c4/2...g6/3. Nc3/3...Bg7/4. e4/4...d6/5. Nf3/5...O-O/6. Be2/6...e5/7. O-O/7...Nc6</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>486947</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4680406</id>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T14:08:45Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Littlefairy37</username>
        <id>3629963</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;{{Chess Opening Theory/Position |King's Indian Defense, Main Line |eco=[[Chess/ECOC|E94]] |parent=[[Chess Opening Theory/1. d4/1...Nf6/2. c4/2...g6/3. Nc3/3...Bg7|King's Indian Defense]] }} ==King’s Indian Defense, Main Line== '''7...Nc6'''  The main move for Black. This pressures the d4 pawn, so White is forced to play 8. d5. This technically gets a tempo on the knight, but White has now locked the center. Also, the knight can then go to e7 and support the ...f7-f5 pa...&quot;</comment>
      <origin>4680406</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="590" sha1="geoegcu0qwws85aop2mkcetrde5ybph" xml:space="preserve">{{Chess Opening Theory/Position
|King's Indian Defense, Main Line
|eco=[[Chess/ECOC|E94]]
|parent=[[Chess Opening Theory/1. d4/1...Nf6/2. c4/2...g6/3. Nc3/3...Bg7|King's Indian Defense]]
}}
==King’s Indian Defense, Main Line==
'''7...Nc6'''

The main move for Black. This pressures the d4 pawn, so White is forced to play 8. d5. This technically gets a tempo on the knight, but White has now locked the center. Also, the knight can then go to e7 and support the ...f7-f5 pawn break. A sharp game will ensue.
{{ChessMid}}
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{BCO2}}
{{Chess Opening Theory/Footer}}</text>
      <sha1>geoegcu0qwws85aop2mkcetrde5ybph</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4680407</id>
      <parentid>4680406</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T14:09:10Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Littlefairy37</username>
        <id>3629963</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4680407</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="607" sha1="im8m1gqkuhxe2tnw2rhydqny240jjzj" xml:space="preserve">{{Chess Opening Theory/Position
|King's Indian Defense, Main Line
|eco=[[Chess/ECOC|E94]]
|parent=[[Chess Opening Theory/1. d4/1...Nf6/2. c4/2...g6/3. Nc3/3...Bg7|King's Indian Defense]]
}}
==King’s Indian Defense, Main Line==
'''7...Nc6'''

The main move for Black. This pressures the d4 pawn, so White is forced to play [[/8. d5|'''8. d5''']]. This technically gets a tempo on the knight, but White has now locked the center. Also, the knight can then go to e7 and support the ...f7-f5 pawn break. A sharp game will ensue.
{{ChessMid}}
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{BCO2}}
{{Chess Opening Theory/Footer}}</text>
      <sha1>im8m1gqkuhxe2tnw2rhydqny240jjzj</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4680409</id>
      <parentid>4680407</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T14:11:38Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Littlefairy37</username>
        <id>3629963</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4680409</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="607" sha1="tstuw2bnqlx58fq571ntkxjuczdb54v" xml:space="preserve">{{Chess Opening Theory/Position
|King's Indian Defense, Main Line
|eco=[[Chess/ECOC|E97]]
|parent=[[Chess Opening Theory/1. d4/1...Nf6/2. c4/2...g6/3. Nc3/3...Bg7|King's Indian Defense]]
}}
==King’s Indian Defense, Main Line==
'''7...Nc6'''

The main move for Black. This pressures the d4 pawn, so White is forced to play [[/8. d5|'''8. d5''']]. This technically gets a tempo on the knight, but White has now locked the center. Also, the knight can then go to e7 and support the ...f7-f5 pawn break. A sharp game will ensue.
{{ChessMid}}
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{BCO2}}
{{Chess Opening Theory/Footer}}</text>
      <sha1>tstuw2bnqlx58fq571ntkxjuczdb54v</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Chess Opening Theory/1. d4/1...Nf6/2. c4/2...g6/3. Nc3/3...Bg7/4. e4/4...d6/5. Nf3/5...O-O/6. Be2/6...e5/7. O-O/7...Nc6/8. d5</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>486948</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4680408</id>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T14:11:09Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Littlefairy37</username>
        <id>3629963</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;{{Chess Opening Theory/Position |King's Indian Defense, Main Line |eco=[[Chess/ECOC|E97]] |parent=[[Chess Opening Theory/1. d4/1...Nf6/2. c4/2...g6/3. Nc3/3...Bg7|King's Indian Defense]] }} ==King’s Indian Defense, Main Line== '''8. d5'''  Black goes [[/8.. .Ne7|'''8...Ne7''']] just as planned. {{ChessMid}} ==References== {{reflist}} {{BCO2}} {{Chess Opening Theory/Footer}}&quot;</comment>
      <origin>4680408</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="378" sha1="bf8o9ojj3cusam9qmnksohuvlc49or3" xml:space="preserve">{{Chess Opening Theory/Position
|King's Indian Defense, Main Line
|eco=[[Chess/ECOC|E97]]
|parent=[[Chess Opening Theory/1. d4/1...Nf6/2. c4/2...g6/3. Nc3/3...Bg7|King's Indian Defense]]
}}
==King’s Indian Defense, Main Line==
'''8. d5'''

Black goes [[/8.. .Ne7|'''8...Ne7''']] just as planned.
{{ChessMid}}
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{BCO2}}
{{Chess Opening Theory/Footer}}</text>
      <sha1>bf8o9ojj3cusam9qmnksohuvlc49or3</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4680412</id>
      <parentid>4680408</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T14:16:27Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Littlefairy37</username>
        <id>3629963</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4680412</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="377" sha1="skfvqvrt1bpzbjr8nazbhi6c6oh0j2c" xml:space="preserve">{{Chess Opening Theory/Position
|King's Indian Defense, Main Line
|eco=[[Chess/ECOC|E97]]
|parent=[[Chess Opening Theory/1. d4/1...Nf6/2. c4/2...g6/3. Nc3/3...Bg7|King's Indian Defense]]
}}
==King’s Indian Defense, Main Line==
'''8. d5'''

Black goes [[/8...Ne7|'''8...Ne7''']] just as planned.
{{ChessMid}}
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{BCO2}}
{{Chess Opening Theory/Footer}}</text>
      <sha1>skfvqvrt1bpzbjr8nazbhi6c6oh0j2c</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Chess Opening Theory/1. d4/1...Nf6/2. c4/2...g6/3. Nc3/3...Bg7/4. e4/4...d6/5. Nf3/5...O-O/6. Be2/6...e5/7. O-O/7...Nc6/8. d5/8...Ne7</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>486949</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4680413</id>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T14:25:15Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Littlefairy37</username>
        <id>3629963</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Will continue tomorrow</comment>
      <origin>4680413</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1278" sha1="h1kl0rrvbfh39l371zca1kfxnct7g4z" xml:space="preserve">{{Chess Opening Theory/Position
|King's Indian Defense, Mar del Plata variation
|eco=[[Chess/ECOC|E97]]
|parent=[[Chess Opening Theory/1. d4/1...Nf6/2. c4/2...g6/3. Nc3/3...Bg7|King's Indian Defense]] → [[Chess Opening Theory/1. d4/1...Nf6/2. c4/2...g6/3. Nc3/3...Bg7/4. e4/4...d6/5. Nf3/5...O-O/6. Be2/6...e5/7. O-O|Main Line]]
}}
==King’s Indian Defense, Mar del Plata variation==
'''8...Ne7'''
We have reached the Mar del Plata variation, the quintessential line of the King’s Indian Defense. 

The center is locked for the moment. Black’s plan is to launch a furious kingside assault aimed to crash through White's kingside and have a chat with the white king. This is achieved with the help of a pawn storm starting with ...f5. Black would also try to hold together their queenside to slow down White’s potential counterattacks and hope their attack lands faster.

In contrast, White’s plans are to combine a queenside counterattack with smart manoeuvring and defense on the kingside. White has to be very precise here, but if they manage to survive Black’s attack, White’s space advantage in the center and queenside will give them the edge.

===Black’s attacking setup===

{{ChessMid}}
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{BCO2}}
{{Chess Opening Theory/Footer}}</text>
      <sha1>h1kl0rrvbfh39l371zca1kfxnct7g4z</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4680414</id>
      <parentid>4680413</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T14:25:29Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Littlefairy37</username>
        <id>3629963</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* King’s Indian Defense, Mar del Plata variation */</comment>
      <origin>4680414</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1280" sha1="rp3yivdim0ffe49c8xr6pwa60vvthz6" xml:space="preserve">{{Chess Opening Theory/Position
|King's Indian Defense, Mar del Plata variation
|eco=[[Chess/ECOC|E97]]
|parent=[[Chess Opening Theory/1. d4/1...Nf6/2. c4/2...g6/3. Nc3/3...Bg7|King's Indian Defense]] → [[Chess Opening Theory/1. d4/1...Nf6/2. c4/2...g6/3. Nc3/3...Bg7/4. e4/4...d6/5. Nf3/5...O-O/6. Be2/6...e5/7. O-O|Main Line]]
}}
==King’s Indian Defense, Mar del Plata variation==
'''8...Ne7'''

We have reached the Mar del Plata variation, the quintessential line of the King’s Indian Defense. 

The center is locked for the moment. Black’s plan is to launch a furious kingside assault aimed to crash through White's kingside and have a chat with the white king. This is achieved with the help of a pawn storm starting with ...f5. Black would also try to hold together their queenside to slow down White’s potential counterattacks and hope their attack lands faster.

In contrast, White’s plans are to combine a queenside counterattack with smart manoeuvring and defense on the kingside. White has to be very precise here, but if they manage to survive Black’s attack, White’s space advantage in the center and queenside will give them the edge.

===Black’s attacking setup===

{{ChessMid}}

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{BCO2}}
{{Chess Opening Theory/Footer}}</text>
      <sha1>rp3yivdim0ffe49c8xr6pwa60vvthz6</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4680591</id>
      <parentid>4680414</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T23:55:35Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Littlefairy37</username>
        <id>3629963</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* King’s Indian Defense, Mar del Plata variation */</comment>
      <origin>4680591</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2613" sha1="45b8ukkq47h5g5rjxfgnctkgsvwgtvf" xml:space="preserve">{{Chess Opening Theory/Position
|King's Indian Defense, Mar del Plata variation
|eco=[[Chess/ECOC|E97]]
|parent=[[Chess Opening Theory/1. d4/1...Nf6/2. c4/2...g6/3. Nc3/3...Bg7|King's Indian Defense]] → [[Chess Opening Theory/1. d4/1...Nf6/2. c4/2...g6/3. Nc3/3...Bg7/4. e4/4...d6/5. Nf3/5...O-O/6. Be2/6...e5/7. O-O|Main Line]]
}}
==King’s Indian Defense, Mar del Plata variation==
'''8...Ne7'''

We have reached the Mar del Plata variation, the quintessential line of the King’s Indian Defense. 

The center is locked for the moment. Black’s plan is to launch a furious kingside assault aimed to crash through White's kingside and have a chat with the white king. This is achieved with the help of a pawn storm starting with ...f5. Black would also try to hold together their queenside to slow down White’s potential counterattacks and hope their attack lands faster.

In contrast, White’s plans are to combine a queenside counterattack with smart manoeuvring and defense on the kingside. White has to be very precise here, but if they manage to survive Black’s attack, White’s space advantage in the center and queenside, and material advantage given Black will likely have to sacrifice material to keep their kingside initiative going, will give them the edge.

===Black’s attacking setup===
Black usually plays ...Nd7, ...Ne8 or ...Nh5 depending on the situation. This frees up the pawn break with ...f7-f5, kickstarting the kingside attack. Black can continue this pawn storm with ...f5-f4 (usually in response to f2-f3 by White), ...g6-g5 and ...h7-h5. 

Especially if White manages to play cxd6, the c7 and d6 squares are major vulnerabilities in Black’s position, and can be exploited with Nb5. Thus, Black reorganises their pieces on the kingside to deal with this, while simultaneously helping their kingside effort. Firstly, Black routes the e7 knight to g6, where it supports the kingside attack, can route to e8 to defend c7 and d6 if needed, and clears the 7th rank. Next, Black plays Gilgoric’s famous rook lift, ...Rf7. This not only helps defend c7, but also frees up f8 for the next maneuver, ...Bf8, adding a defending to d6. Black may also want to route their other knight back to f6, helping the kingside attack, and frees up the c8 bishop.

It may not be obvious to you, but Black’s light-squared bishop standing there undeveloped on c8 is a crucial part of Black's kingside attack. If the time is right, this bishop could sacrifice itself on g4 or h3 to burst open White's kingside. 
{{ChessMid}}

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{BCO2}}
{{Chess Opening Theory/Footer}}</text>
      <sha1>45b8ukkq47h5g5rjxfgnctkgsvwgtvf</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4680597</id>
      <parentid>4680591</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-07T00:16:11Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Littlefairy37</username>
        <id>3629963</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* King’s Indian Defense, Mar del Plata variation */</comment>
      <origin>4680597</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3888" sha1="t5y8itlwyyhwm7ip0a4b0vlcu5c2ey4" xml:space="preserve">{{Chess Opening Theory/Position
|King's Indian Defense, Mar del Plata variation
|eco=[[Chess/ECOC|E97]]
|parent=[[Chess Opening Theory/1. d4/1...Nf6/2. c4/2...g6/3. Nc3/3...Bg7|King's Indian Defense]] → [[Chess Opening Theory/1. d4/1...Nf6/2. c4/2...g6/3. Nc3/3...Bg7/4. e4/4...d6/5. Nf3/5...O-O/6. Be2/6...e5/7. O-O|Main Line]]
}}
==King’s Indian Defense, Mar del Plata variation==
'''8...Ne7'''

We have reached the Mar del Plata variation, the quintessential line of the King’s Indian Defense. 

The center is locked for the moment. Black’s plan is to launch a furious kingside assault aimed to crash through White's kingside and have a chat with the white king. This is achieved with the help of a pawn storm starting with ...f5. Black would also try to hold together their queenside to slow down White’s potential counterattacks and hope their attack lands faster.

In contrast, White’s plans are to combine a queenside counterattack with smart manoeuvring and defense on the kingside. White has to be very precise here, but if they manage to survive Black’s attack, White’s space advantage in the center and queenside, and material advantage given Black will likely have to sacrifice material to keep their kingside initiative going, will give them the edge.

===Black’s attacking setup===
Black usually plays ...Nd7, ...Ne8 or ...Nh5 depending on the situation. This frees up the pawn break with ...f7-f5, kickstarting the kingside attack. Black can continue this pawn storm with ...f5-f4 (usually in response to f2-f3 by White), ...g6-g5 and ...h7-h5. 

Especially if White manages to play cxd6, the c7 and d6 squares are major vulnerabilities in Black’s position, and can be exploited with Nb5. Thus, Black reorganises their pieces on the kingside to deal with this, while simultaneously helping their kingside effort. Firstly, Black routes the e7 knight to g6, where it supports the kingside attack, can route to e8 to defend c7 and d6 if needed, and clears the 7th rank. Next, Black plays Gilgoric’s famous rook lift, ...Rf7. This not only helps defend c7, but also frees up f8 for the next maneuver, ...Bf8, adding a defending to d6. Black may also want to route their other knight back to f6, helping the kingside attack, and frees up the c8 bishop.

It may not be obvious to you, but Black’s light-squared bishop standing there undeveloped on c8 is a crucial part of Black's kingside attack. If the time is right, this bishop could sacrifice itself on g4 or h3 to burst open White's kingside. 
===White’s setups===
White has 3 main setups in the Mar del Plata variation. 
*[[/9. Ne1|'''9. Ne1''']], the Classical System used to be White’s main line in the Mar del Plata variation. Given that the knight on f3 won’t do much and can even be a target for attack, White reroutes the knight to d3. This also allows White to play f2-f3, shoring up White’s kingside pawn chain. By freeing the f2 square, it allows White to develop the bishop to e3 and retreat it to f2 upon being attacked by ...f5-f4. The bishop on the g1-a7 diagonal has nice future prospects, due to this diagonal being free of pawns.
*[[/9. b4|'''9. b4''']], is the fearsome Bayonet Attack. Instead of trying to weather Black’s kingside storm, White launches a fierce counterattack on the queenside, fighting fire with fire. This line is considered to be White’s most challenging variation against the King’s Indian Defense as a whole, gaining this reputation after Kramnik used it with success against Kasparov. Black will need to play very precisely to retain chances here.
*[[/9. Nd2|'''9. Nd2''']], the Modern System is no longer popular after the discovery of the Bayonet Attack, but is still played occasionally. White plans to play b2-b4, c4-c5, then install a monstrous knight on c4.
{{ChessMid}}

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{BCO2}}
{{Chess Opening Theory/Footer}}</text>
      <sha1>t5y8itlwyyhwm7ip0a4b0vlcu5c2ey4</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>On 2D Inverse Problems/Rotation</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>486950</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4680415</id>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T14:33:09Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>DVD206</username>
        <id>724793</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>geometric scaling</comment>
      <origin>4680415</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="737" sha1="6u8v0vnbz3pzxj5v9wjwylxfgxvrm78" xml:space="preserve">The zeros of analytic continuation of operator are the values of complex variable for non-trivial kernel with an eigenvalues or determinant equal zero:

&lt;math&gt;L_s(u)=s^{-\theta}L(s^\theta u)=-(\partial_\theta+\ln(s))^2(u)=(\partial_\theta+ln(s))(\partial_\theta+ln(1/s))^*(u).&lt;/math&gt;

The response operator is the Schur complement of the continuation and the eigenvalues of monodromy around the origin singularity are the zeros of &lt;math&gt;\det(\Lambda_s)=0.&lt;/math&gt;

For the discrete model, the operators are of the form:
&lt;math&gt;\begin{pmatrix}2&amp;-s&amp;-1/s\\-1/s&amp;2&amp;-s\\-s&amp;-1/s&amp; 2\end{pmatrix}=\begin{pmatrix}1&amp;-s&amp;0\\0&amp;1&amp;-s\\-s&amp;0&amp; 1\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}1&amp;0&amp;-1/s\\-1/s&amp;1&amp;0\\0&amp;-1/s&amp; 1\end{pmatrix}.&lt;/math&gt;

The zeta zeros lie on a circle...</text>
      <sha1>6u8v0vnbz3pzxj5v9wjwylxfgxvrm78</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4680552</id>
      <parentid>4680415</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T19:13:14Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>DVD206</username>
        <id>724793</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>spinning, specific and general...</comment>
      <origin>4680552</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1658" sha1="1j50b6mahs86d1bu38geurzfelqamrb" xml:space="preserve">The zeros of analytic continuation of operator are the values of complex variable for non-trivial kernel with an eigenvalues or determinant equal zero:

&lt;math&gt;L_s(u)=s^{-\theta}L(s^\theta u)=-(\partial_\theta+\ln(s))^2(u)=(\partial_\theta+ln(s))(\partial_\theta+ln(1/s))^*(u).&lt;/math&gt;

The response operator is the Schur complement of the continuation and the eigenvalues of monodromy around the origin singularity are the zeros of &lt;math&gt;\det(\Lambda_s)=0.&lt;/math&gt;

For the discrete model, the operators are of the form:
&lt;math&gt;L_s=\begin{pmatrix}2&amp;-s&amp;-1/s\\-1/s&amp;2&amp;-s\\-s&amp;-1/s&amp; 2\end{pmatrix}=\begin{pmatrix}1&amp;-s&amp;0\\0&amp;1&amp;-s\\-s&amp;0&amp; 1\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}1&amp;0&amp;-1/s\\-1/s&amp;1&amp;0\\0&amp;-1/s&amp; 1\end{pmatrix}.&lt;/math&gt;

The zeta zeros lie on a circle centered at the origin...

The network could be averaged radially preserving the determinant and the duality for positive weights:

&lt;math&gt;\det\begin{pmatrix}c+a&amp;-as&amp;-c/s\\-a/s&amp;a+b&amp;-bs\\-cs&amp;-b/s&amp;b+c\end{pmatrix}=\det\begin{pmatrix}2d&amp;-ds&amp;-d/s\\-d/s&amp;2d&amp;-ds\\-ds&amp;-d/s&amp;2d\end{pmatrix}.&lt;/math&gt;
It also works for non-commutative block matrices describing Spiderwebs with their duals...

For s=1, the response could be a square root of the positive definite operator with totally positive properties:
&lt;math&gt;\Lambda_1=\sqrt{\begin{pmatrix}2&amp;-1&amp;-1\\-1&amp;2&amp;-1\\-1&amp;-1&amp;2\end{pmatrix}}.&lt;/math&gt;
The conductivities/weights on the square root network are trigonometric cotangents with symmetric polynomials of squares being binomial coefficients. The cotangent is related to the zeta-function values at integers through the power expansion at the origin...

&lt;math&gt;\Lambda_1=\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}L_1=\sqrt{L_1}&lt;/math&gt; for the smallest web...</text>
      <sha1>1j50b6mahs86d1bu38geurzfelqamrb</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4680584</id>
      <parentid>4680552</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T23:05:57Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>DVD206</username>
        <id>724793</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>pentagon human gene</comment>
      <origin>4680584</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2177" sha1="7hxxxa2vemc0jfs1p9lyf26mve3pwbj" xml:space="preserve">The zeros of analytic continuation of operator are the values of complex variable for non-trivial kernel with an eigenvalues or determinant equal zero:

&lt;math&gt;L_s(u)=s^{-\theta}L(s^\theta u)=-(\partial_\theta+\ln(s))^2(u)=(\partial_\theta+ln(s))(\partial_\theta+ln(1/s))^*(u).&lt;/math&gt;

The response operator is the Schur complement of the continuation and the eigenvalues of monodromy around the origin singularity are the zeros of &lt;math&gt;\det(\Lambda_s)=0.&lt;/math&gt;

For the discrete model, the operators are of the form:
&lt;math&gt;L_s=\begin{pmatrix}2&amp;-s&amp;-1/s\\-1/s&amp;2&amp;-s\\-s&amp;-1/s&amp; 2\end{pmatrix}=\begin{pmatrix}1&amp;-s&amp;0\\0&amp;1&amp;-s\\-s&amp;0&amp; 1\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}1&amp;0&amp;-1/s\\-1/s&amp;1&amp;0\\0&amp;-1/s&amp; 1\end{pmatrix}.&lt;/math&gt;

The zeta zeros lie on a circle centered at the origin, they're roots of unity and eigenvalues of the rotation shift...

The network could be averaged radially preserving the determinant and the duality for positive weights:

&lt;math&gt;\det\begin{pmatrix}c+a&amp;-as&amp;-c/s\\-a/s&amp;a+b&amp;-bs\\-cs&amp;-b/s&amp;b+c\end{pmatrix}=\det\begin{pmatrix}2d&amp;-ds&amp;-d/s\\-d/s&amp;2d&amp;-ds\\-ds&amp;-d/s&amp;2d\end{pmatrix}.&lt;/math&gt;
It also works for non-commutative block matrices describing Spiderwebs with their duals...

For s=1, the response could be a square root of the positive definite operator with totally positive properties:
&lt;math&gt;\Lambda_1=\sqrt{\begin{pmatrix}2&amp;-1&amp;-1\\-1&amp;2&amp;-1\\-1&amp;-1&amp;2\end{pmatrix}}.&lt;/math&gt;
The conductivities/weights on the square root network are trigonometric cotangents with symmetric polynomials of squares being binomial coefficients over N. The cotangent is related to the zeta-function values at integers through the power expansion at the origin...

&lt;math&gt;\Lambda_1=\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}L_1=\cot(\pi/3)L_1=\sqrt{L_1}&lt;/math&gt; for the smallest web...

For the pentagon and 5 by 5 circulant matrix L_1=[2 -1 0 0 -1],
&lt;math&gt;\Lambda_1=\cot(2\pi/5)L_1+\frac{1}{\cot(\pi/5)I}=\sqrt{L_1}&lt;/math&gt;
and so on for continued fraction response...

&lt;math&gt;\sin(5x)=5\cos^4(x)\sin(x)-10\cos^2(x)\sin^3(x)+\sin^5(x)=\Im(exp(5xi)),&lt;/math&gt; therefore

&lt;math&gt;5\cot^4(x)-10\cot^2(x)+1=0,x=\pi/5,2\pi/5&lt;/math&gt; and
the symmetric polynomials of cotangents squared are binomial coefficients over 5: 1/5 and 2...</text>
      <sha1>7hxxxa2vemc0jfs1p9lyf26mve3pwbj</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Talk:Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...c6/2. d4/2...d5/3. Bd3</title>
    <ns>1</ns>
    <id>486951</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4680432</id>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T15:45:37Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>JCrue</username>
        <id>2226064</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Mieses attack */ new section</comment>
      <origin>4680432</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1568" sha1="hakse0vqmny22hbbgpdeyli5x7b2s1l" xml:space="preserve">== Mieses attack ==
[https://en.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=Chess_Opening_Theory/1._e4/1...c6/2._d4/2...d5/3._Bd3&amp;oldid=4679322 Ggquazar added the name Mieses attack] to this line. Mieses definitely was one of the first to play the line 3. Bd3 (I found and linked the game). However, I couldn't see a source on google calling 3. Bd3 the Mieses attack. There appears to be some confusion: the only use of the name I can find on google is for the position after 1. e4 c6 2. d4 d5 3. Bd3 Nf6 4. e5 Nfd7 5. e6, which chess.com calls &quot;[https://www.chess.com/openings/Caro-Kann-Defense-Mieses-Attack-Landau-Gambit Mieses attack, Landau gambit]&quot;. There is no chess.com page for 3. Bd3 or the &quot;Mieses attack&quot; itself. 

Now it is possible that the Chess.com page means that 5. e6 is called both the Landau gambit and the Mieses attack. However given that I can't find a Mieses game with that continuation I think it's more likely intended that 5. e6 is the Landau gambit arising from an earlier move called the Mieses attack (i.e. 3. Bd3 is the Mieses attack, and 3...Nf6 4. e5 Nfd7 5. e6 is the Landau gambit) and it was just coded/implemented wrongly in the chess.com opening book. However, I can't see any source on google referring specifically to 3. Bd3 as the Mieses attack (there are a few webpages copying the chess.com page, including the &quot;error&quot;). 

So I have, for now, removed the name until I can find clarity on 3. Bd3 = Mieses attack. [[User:JCrue|JCrue]] ([[User talk:JCrue|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/JCrue|contribs]]) 15:45, 6 November 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>hakse0vqmny22hbbgpdeyli5x7b2s1l</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4680438</id>
      <parentid>4680432</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T15:55:12Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>JCrue</username>
        <id>2226064</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Mieses attack */ Reply</comment>
      <origin>4680438</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1821" sha1="90ev9g2ikrwxfsy90ds4bsofqsew1az" xml:space="preserve">== Mieses attack ==
[https://en.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=Chess_Opening_Theory/1._e4/1...c6/2._d4/2...d5/3._Bd3&amp;oldid=4679322 Ggquazar added the name Mieses attack] to this line. Mieses definitely was one of the first to play the line 3. Bd3 (I found and linked the game). However, I couldn't see a source on google calling 3. Bd3 the Mieses attack. There appears to be some confusion: the only use of the name I can find on google is for the position after 1. e4 c6 2. d4 d5 3. Bd3 Nf6 4. e5 Nfd7 5. e6, which chess.com calls &quot;[https://www.chess.com/openings/Caro-Kann-Defense-Mieses-Attack-Landau-Gambit Mieses attack, Landau gambit]&quot;. There is no chess.com page for 3. Bd3 or the &quot;Mieses attack&quot; itself. 

Now it is possible that the Chess.com page means that 5. e6 is called both the Landau gambit and the Mieses attack. However given that I can't find a Mieses game with that continuation I think it's more likely intended that 5. e6 is the Landau gambit arising from an earlier move called the Mieses attack (i.e. 3. Bd3 is the Mieses attack, and 3...Nf6 4. e5 Nfd7 5. e6 is the Landau gambit) and it was just coded/implemented wrongly in the chess.com opening book. However, I can't see any source on google referring specifically to 3. Bd3 as the Mieses attack (there are a few webpages copying the chess.com page, including the &quot;error&quot;). 

So I have, for now, removed the name until I can find clarity on 3. Bd3 = Mieses attack. [[User:JCrue|JCrue]] ([[User talk:JCrue|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/JCrue|contribs]]) 15:45, 6 November 2026 (UTC)

:Should note also that it is possible some confusion has occurred somewhere with regard to 3. Be3, known as the Mieses gambit. [[User:JCrue|JCrue]] ([[User talk:JCrue|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/JCrue|contribs]]) 15:55, 6 November 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>90ev9g2ikrwxfsy90ds4bsofqsew1az</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e6/2. d4/2...d5/3. exd5/3...exd5/4. Nf3/4...Nc6/5. Bb5</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>486952</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4680481</id>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T16:56:25Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Atiedebee</username>
        <id>3523910</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Mostly covering the main line (5...Bd6). I felt like putting each move from that line in a separate page would be too much, given that there is only 265 games after 6. c4 in the lichess database.</comment>
      <origin>4680481</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2467" sha1="qx73ojhm1wo57gqe7lrhkqsoq0i0ml9" xml:space="preserve">{{Chess Position
|name=French defence: Exchange variation
|eco=[[Chess/ECOC|C01]]
|parent=[[../../../../|Exchange variation]]
}}
== 5. Bb5 ==
This is the main line, White pins the knight and is ready to castle on their next move. This move also fights for control of the e5-square, where White would want to place their f3-knight with support from the f-pawn if possible.

Therefore, Black's main response is '''5...Bd6''', fighting for the e5-square. If White wants to claim any advantage, they must quickly open up the centre with 6. c4, striking at the now undefended d5-pawn. This is a temporary pawn sacrifice: 6...dxc4 7. d5 a6 8. Ba4 b5 9. dxc6 bxa4. By retreating the bishop to a4, White forces Black to create doubled isolated pawns on the a-file and c-file, which can be picked up later with White's queen. Despite the isolated pawns, Black has compensation in the form of the bishop-pair and the half-open b-file, which is often used to get the rook into the game via ...Rb8 followed by ...Rb6 or ...Rb4.
{{Chess/board
|moves=1. e4 e6 2. d4 d5 3. exd5 exd5 4. Nf3 Nc6 5. Bb5 Bd6 6. c4 dxc4 7. d5 a6 8. Ba4 b5 9. dxc6 bxa4
|caption=White will win back their pawn
}}
Black doesn't have many alternatives to taking on c4. The immediate 6...a6?! runs into 7. Bxc6 bxc6 8. c5 Be7 9. Ne5{{Chess/not|+}} after which Black's position is incredibly cramped.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web
|title=Okhotnik - Heyken, 1985
|url=https://www.chessgames.com/perl/chessgame?gid=2386924
|website=chessgames.com
|access-date=6 November 2026
}}&lt;/ref&gt;

If White doesn't respond with 6. c4, Black doesn't have much to worry about. The main alternative is 6. O-O Ne7 7. c4 dxc4 8. Bxc4 (8. d5?! Nxd5 9. Re1+ Ne7{{Chess/not|-}}) O-O, where Black gets to develop comfortably.

'''5...Ne7''' has been played a few times, but this significantly complicates Black's development by blocking the dark-squared bishop.

'''5...a6''' is a viable alternative, looking for similar compensation that White would get in the Winawer variation (a bishop-pair in exchange for a worse pawn-structure).

== Theory table ==
{{Chess Opening Theory/Table}}

{{Chess/theory table
|links=0
|line1=5. ... Bd6 6. c4 dxc4 7. d5 a6 8. Ba4 b5 9. dxc6 bxc6 10. O-O Ne7 11. Qxa4 Rb8
|line2=5. ... ... 6. O-O Ne7 7. c4 dxc4 8. Bxc4 O-O
|line3=5. ... a6 6. Bxc6 bxc6 7. O-O Bd6
}}

{{ChessMid}}

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{BCO2}}
{{Wikipedia|French Defence|anchor1=Exchange_Variation:_3.exd5}}
{{Chess Opening Theory/Footer}}</text>
      <sha1>qx73ojhm1wo57gqe7lrhkqsoq0i0ml9</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>About Monsters And Angels/Chapter Four</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>486953</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4680488</id>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T16:59:29Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>3MMPEYTON</username>
        <id>3393808</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;== Monsters And Science ==  [[File:Architeuthis dux specimen F 88555.jpg|thumb|Architeuthis dux specimen F 88555]] Science has confirmed the existence of animals once thought to be mythical monsters.   '''The Giant Squid:''' The giant squid may have been mistaken for the Kraken, a mythical monster early mariners believed had the power to shipwreck an entire ship! &lt;br&gt; &lt;br&gt; The giant squid was formally named by Japetus Steenstrup, a Danish zoologist in 1856. Previously, w...&quot;</comment>
      <origin>4680488</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1209" sha1="kr58o9xyerl9qrq0ln54cup5vl4mrwt" xml:space="preserve">== Monsters And Science ==

[[File:Architeuthis dux specimen F 88555.jpg|thumb|Architeuthis dux specimen F 88555]]
Science has confirmed the existence of animals once thought to be mythical monsters. 

'''The Giant Squid:'''
The giant squid may have been mistaken for the Kraken, a mythical monster early mariners believed had the power to shipwreck an entire ship! &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
The giant squid was formally named by Japetus Steenstrup, a Danish zoologist in 1856. Previously, whenever body parts washed up ashore, they were attributed to the Kraken. [1] &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt; 
In 1753, in ''The Natural History of Norway'' by Erik Pontoppidan, the Kraken was brought to popular attention. &lt;br&gt;
[[File:Colossal octopus by Pierre Denys de Montfort.jpg|thumb|The Kraken]]
Sailors claimed to have encountered monstrous sea creatures with tentacles so massive and powerful, they were able to embrace ships in their tentacles, dragging them under the sea to their doom. [1] &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;   
&lt;br&gt;
==== Reference: ====
1. Estep, Richard. Monsters: Myths, Legends, and Real Encounters. Visible Ink Press, 2026 &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Chapter navigation with TOC|Chapter Three|Chapter Five|TOC mini}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
{{bookcat}}</text>
      <sha1>kr58o9xyerl9qrq0ln54cup5vl4mrwt</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4680492</id>
      <parentid>4680488</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T17:01:25Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>3MMPEYTON</username>
        <id>3393808</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4680492</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1214" sha1="0hxuqp234we4r4nco2txefnc0z0lm4o" xml:space="preserve">== Monsters And Science ==

[[File:Architeuthis dux specimen F 88555.jpg|thumb|Architeuthis dux specimen F 88555]]
Science has confirmed the existence of animals once thought to be mythical monsters. 

'''The Giant Squid:'''
The giant squid may have been mistaken for the Kraken, a mythical monster early mariners believed had the power to shipwreck an entire ship! &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
[[File:Colossal octopus by Pierre Denys de Montfort.jpg|thumb|The Kraken]]
The giant squid was formally named by Japetus Steenstrup, a Danish zoologist in 1856. Previously, whenever body parts washed up ashore, they were attributed to the Kraken. [1] &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt; 
In 1753, in ''The Natural History of Norway'' by Erik Pontoppidan, the Kraken was brought to popular attention. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
Sailors claimed to have encountered monstrous sea creatures with tentacles so massive and powerful, they were able to embrace ships in their tentacles, dragging them under the sea to their doom. [1] &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;   
&lt;br&gt;
==== Reference: ====
1. Estep, Richard. Monsters: Myths, Legends, and Real Encounters. Visible Ink Press, 2026 &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Chapter navigation with TOC|Chapter Three|Chapter Five|TOC mini}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
{{bookcat}}</text>
      <sha1>0hxuqp234we4r4nco2txefnc0z0lm4o</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4680497</id>
      <parentid>4680492</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T17:06:04Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>3MMPEYTON</username>
        <id>3393808</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4680497</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1308" sha1="ahd9lrjknhhl7xizxn96sy6zzwq5hoz" xml:space="preserve">== Monsters And Science ==

[[File:Architeuthis dux specimen F 88555.jpg|thumb|Architeuthis dux specimen F 88555]]
Science has confirmed the existence of animals once thought to be mythical monsters. 

'''The Giant Squid:'''
The giant squid may have been mistaken for the Kraken, a mythical monster early mariners believed had the power to shipwreck an entire ship! &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
[[File:Colossal octopus by Pierre Denys de Montfort.jpg|thumb|The Kraken]]
The giant squid was formally named by Japetus Steenstrup, a Danish zoologist in 1856. Previously, whenever body parts washed up ashore, they were attributed to the Kraken. [1] &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt; 
In 1753, in ''The Natural History of Norway'' by Erik Pontoppidan, the Kraken was brought to popular attention. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
Sailors claimed to have encountered monstrous sea creatures with tentacles so massive and powerful, they were able to embrace ships in their tentacles, dragging them under the sea to their doom. [1] &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;   
'''The Komodo Dragon:''' &lt;br&gt;
Western Scientist first recorded Komodo dragons in  
1910. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
==== Reference: ====
1. Estep, Richard. Monsters: Myths, Legends, and Real Encounters. Visible Ink Press, 2026 &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Chapter navigation with TOC|Chapter Three|Chapter Five|TOC mini}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
{{bookcat}}</text>
      <sha1>ahd9lrjknhhl7xizxn96sy6zzwq5hoz</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4680540</id>
      <parentid>4680497</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T18:21:48Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>3MMPEYTON</username>
        <id>3393808</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4680540</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2794" sha1="9vyzrnsjqxb8c0dfab6x70i73q5vds6" xml:space="preserve">== Monsters And Science ==

[[File:Architeuthis dux specimen F 88555.jpg|thumb|Architeuthis dux specimen F 88555]]
Science has confirmed the existence of animals once thought to be mythical monsters. 

'''The Giant Squid:'''
The giant squid may have been mistaken for the Kraken, a mythical monster early mariners believed had the power to shipwreck an entire ship! &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
[[File:Colossal octopus by Pierre Denys de Montfort.jpg|thumb|The Kraken]]
The giant squid was formally named by Japetus Steenstrup, a Danish zoologist in 1856. Previously, whenever body parts washed up ashore, they were attributed to the Kraken. [1] &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt; 
In 1753, in ''The Natural History of Norway'' by Erik Pontoppidan, the Kraken was brought to popular attention. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
Sailors claimed to have encountered monstrous sea creatures with tentacles so massive and powerful, they were able to embrace ships in their tentacles, dragging them under the sea to their doom. [1] &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;   
'''The Komodo Dragon:''' &lt;br&gt;
Western Scientist first recorded Komodo dragons in 1910.  The Komodo dragons are found only on the islands of Komodo, Rinca, Flores, Gili Dasami, and Gili Motang in Indonesia.  It is the largest species of lizard, with the males growing to a maximum length of 3 m (10 ft) and weighing up to 150 kg (330 lb). [2] &lt;br&gt; 
[[File:At Chester Zoo 2023 019 - Komodo Dragon (cropped).jpg|thumb|At Chester Zoo 2023 019 - Komodo Dragon (cropped)]]
The people on the islands where the Komodo dragons are found, have shared stories and myths for centuries. The Komodo dragon is more than just a lizard, it is a protector, and even a spiritual ancestor to the people. One popular myth associated with Komodo dragons is the story of Putri Naga, the Dragon Princess, a woman who became pregnant with twins, one was born a human boy, the other a dragon child named Ora. A protective attitude has developed between the island people and the Komodo dragons, in part because they are viewed not as animals, but as distant kin. [3] &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
The Komodo dragons are seen as the spiritual guardians of their land. They are its protectors and are believed to possess special powers against evil. They bring good luck to the people who respect them. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
==== Reference: ====
1. Estep, Richard. Monsters: Myths, Legends, and Real Encounters. Visible Ink Press, 2026 &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
2. &quot;Komodo dragon.&quot; Wikipedia. Wikimedia foundation, November 4, 2026. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komodo_dragon &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
3. Komodo Dragon Mythology and Folklore: Unearthing the Legends of Flores and Beyond. November 11, 2026, https://www.komodoislandtour.com/komodo-dragon-mythology-and-folklore.html &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Chapter navigation with TOC|Chapter Three|Chapter Five|TOC mini}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
{{bookcat}}</text>
      <sha1>9vyzrnsjqxb8c0dfab6x70i73q5vds6</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4680542</id>
      <parentid>4680540</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T18:24:14Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>3MMPEYTON</username>
        <id>3393808</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4680542</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2854" sha1="c284txy9xrnl2qs5pmebdaux57x3ex5" xml:space="preserve">== Monsters And Science ==

[[File:Architeuthis dux specimen F 88555.jpg|thumb|Architeuthis dux specimen F 88555]]
Science has confirmed the existence of animals once thought to be mythical monsters. 

'''The Giant Squid:'''
The giant squid may have been mistaken for the Kraken, a mythical monster early mariners believed had the power to shipwreck an entire ship! &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
[[File:Colossal octopus by Pierre Denys de Montfort.jpg|thumb|The Kraken]]
The giant squid was formally named by Japetus Steenstrup, a Danish zoologist in 1856. Previously, whenever body parts washed up ashore, they were attributed to the Kraken. [1] &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt; 
In 1753, in ''The Natural History of Norway'' by Erik Pontoppidan, the Kraken was brought to popular attention. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
Sailors claimed to have encountered monstrous sea creatures with tentacles so massive and powerful, they were able to embrace ships in their tentacles, dragging them under the sea to their doom. [1] &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;   
'''The Komodo Dragon:''' &lt;br&gt;
Western Scientist first recorded Komodo dragons in 1910.  The Komodo dragons are found only on the islands of Komodo, Rinca, Flores, Gili Dasami, and Gili Motang in Indonesia.  It is the largest species of lizard, with the males growing to a maximum length of 3 m (10 ft) and weighing up to 150 kg (330 lb). [2] &lt;br&gt; 

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+ 
|-
! A Komodo dragon
|-
| [[File:At Chester Zoo 2023 019 - Komodo Dragon (cropped).jpg|thumb|At Chester Zoo 2023 019 - Komodo Dragon (cropped)]]
|}
&lt;br&gt;
The people on the islands where the Komodo dragons are found, have shared stories and myths for centuries. The Komodo dragon is more than just a lizard, it is a protector, and even a spiritual ancestor to the people. One popular myth associated with Komodo dragons is the story of Putri Naga, the Dragon Princess, a woman who became pregnant with twins, one was born a human boy, the other a dragon child named Ora. A protective attitude has developed between the island people and the Komodo dragons, in part because they are viewed not as animals, but as distant kin. [3] &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
The Komodo dragons are seen as the spiritual guardians of their land. They are its protectors and are believed to possess special powers against evil. They bring good luck to the people who respect them. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
==== Reference: ====
1. Estep, Richard. Monsters: Myths, Legends, and Real Encounters. Visible Ink Press, 2026 &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
2. &quot;Komodo dragon.&quot; Wikipedia. Wikimedia foundation, November 4, 2026. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komodo_dragon &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
3. Komodo Dragon Mythology and Folklore: Unearthing the Legends of Flores and Beyond. November 11, 2026, https://www.komodoislandtour.com/komodo-dragon-mythology-and-folklore.html &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Chapter navigation with TOC|Chapter Three|Chapter Five|TOC mini}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
{{bookcat}}</text>
      <sha1>c284txy9xrnl2qs5pmebdaux57x3ex5</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4680543</id>
      <parentid>4680542</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T18:25:44Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>3MMPEYTON</username>
        <id>3393808</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4680543</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2854" sha1="lpif5io3cdpf60dx3376fl9c0vtvmz6" xml:space="preserve">== Monsters And Science ==

[[File:Architeuthis dux specimen F 88555.jpg|thumb|Architeuthis dux specimen F 88555]]
Science has confirmed the existence of animals once thought to be mythical monsters. 

'''The Giant Squid:'''
The giant squid may have been mistaken for the Kraken, a mythical monster early mariners believed had the power to shipwreck an entire ship! &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
[[File:Colossal octopus by Pierre Denys de Montfort.jpg|thumb|The Kraken]]
The giant squid was formally named by Japetus Steenstrup, a Danish zoologist in 1856. Previously, whenever body parts washed up ashore, they were attributed to the Kraken. [1] &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt; 
In 1753, in ''The Natural History of Norway'' by Erik Pontoppidan, the Kraken was brought to popular attention. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
Sailors claimed to have encountered monstrous sea creatures with tentacles so massive and powerful, they were able to embrace ships in their tentacles, dragging them under the sea to their doom. [1] &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;   
'''The Komodo Dragon:''' &lt;br&gt;
 
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+ 
|-
! A Komodo dragon
|-
| [[File:At Chester Zoo 2023 019 - Komodo Dragon (cropped).jpg|thumb|At Chester Zoo 2023 019 - Komodo Dragon (cropped)]]
|}
Western Scientist first recorded Komodo dragons in 1910.  The Komodo dragons are found only on the islands of Komodo, Rinca, Flores, Gili Dasami, and Gili Motang in Indonesia.  It is the largest species of lizard, with the males growing to a maximum length of 3 m (10 ft) and weighing up to 150 kg (330 lb). [2] &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
The people on the islands where the Komodo dragons are found, have shared stories and myths for centuries. The Komodo dragon is more than just a lizard, it is a protector, and even a spiritual ancestor to the people. One popular myth associated with Komodo dragons is the story of Putri Naga, the Dragon Princess, a woman who became pregnant with twins, one was born a human boy, the other a dragon child named Ora. A protective attitude has developed between the island people and the Komodo dragons, in part because they are viewed not as animals, but as distant kin. [3] &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
The Komodo dragons are seen as the spiritual guardians of their land. They are its protectors and are believed to possess special powers against evil. They bring good luck to the people who respect them. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
==== Reference: ====
1. Estep, Richard. Monsters: Myths, Legends, and Real Encounters. Visible Ink Press, 2026 &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
2. &quot;Komodo dragon.&quot; Wikipedia. Wikimedia foundation, November 4, 2026. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komodo_dragon &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
3. Komodo Dragon Mythology and Folklore: Unearthing the Legends of Flores and Beyond. November 11, 2026, https://www.komodoislandtour.com/komodo-dragon-mythology-and-folklore.html &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Chapter navigation with TOC|Chapter Three|Chapter Five|TOC mini}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
{{bookcat}}</text>
      <sha1>lpif5io3cdpf60dx3376fl9c0vtvmz6</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4680544</id>
      <parentid>4680543</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T18:35:49Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>3MMPEYTON</username>
        <id>3393808</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4680544</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3121" sha1="7e5ksbsesuxc7idfd8ozfsg9gapafbo" xml:space="preserve">== Monsters And Science ==

[[File:Architeuthis dux specimen F 88555.jpg|thumb|Architeuthis dux specimen F 88555]]
Science has confirmed the existence of animals once thought to be mythical monsters. 

'''The Giant Squid:'''
The giant squid may have been mistaken for the Kraken, a mythical monster early mariners believed had the power to shipwreck an entire ship! &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
[[File:Colossal octopus by Pierre Denys de Montfort.jpg|thumb|The Kraken]]
The giant squid was formally named by Japetus Steenstrup, a Danish zoologist in 1856. Previously, whenever body parts washed up ashore, they were attributed to the Kraken. [1] &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt; 
In 1753, in ''The Natural History of Norway'' by Erik Pontoppidan, the Kraken was brought to popular attention. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
Sailors claimed to have encountered monstrous sea creatures with tentacles so massive and powerful, they were able to embrace ships in their tentacles, dragging them under the sea to their doom. [1] &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;   
'''The Komodo Dragon:''' &lt;br&gt;
 
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+ 
|-
! A Komodo dragon
|-
| [[File:At Chester Zoo 2023 019 - Komodo Dragon (cropped).jpg|thumb|At Chester Zoo 2023 019 - Komodo Dragon (cropped)]]
|}
Western Scientist first recorded Komodo dragons in 1910.  The Komodo dragons are found only on the islands of Komodo, Rinca, Flores, Gili Dasami, and Gili Motang in Indonesia.  It is the largest species of lizard, with the males growing to a maximum length of 3 m (10 ft) and weighing up to 150 kg (330 lb). [2] &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
The people on the islands where the Komodo dragons are found, have shared stories and myths for centuries. The Komodo dragon is more than just a lizard, it is a protector, and even a spiritual ancestor to the people. One popular myth associated with Komodo dragons is the story of Putri Naga, the Dragon Princess, a woman who became pregnant with twins, one was born a human boy, the other a dragon child named Ora. A protective attitude has developed between the island people and the Komodo dragons, in part because they are viewed not as animals, but as distant kin. [3] &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
The Komodo dragons are seen as the spiritual guardians of their land. They are its protectors and are believed to possess special powers against evil. They bring good luck to the people who respect them. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
'''Queston:''' Are Komodo dragons descendants of dinosaurs? &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
'''Answer:''' No. They are close to the order Squamata (snakes and lizards). Dinosaurs belong to the order '''Archosauria''', a group that includes crocodiles and modern birds. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt; 
==== Reference: ====
1. Estep, Richard. Monsters: Myths, Legends, and Real Encounters. Visible Ink Press, 2026 &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
2. &quot;Komodo dragon.&quot; Wikipedia. Wikimedia foundation, November 4, 2026. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komodo_dragon &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
3. Komodo Dragon Mythology and Folklore: Unearthing the Legends of Flores and Beyond. November 11, 2026, https://www.komodoislandtour.com/komodo-dragon-mythology-and-folklore.html &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Chapter navigation with TOC|Chapter Three|Chapter Five|TOC mini}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
{{bookcat}}</text>
      <sha1>7e5ksbsesuxc7idfd8ozfsg9gapafbo</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4680546</id>
      <parentid>4680544</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T18:42:06Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>3MMPEYTON</username>
        <id>3393808</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4680546</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3136" sha1="f3x6qztul6o7xxeun8bcsj8sqi7fk6q" xml:space="preserve">== Monsters And Science ==

[[File:Architeuthis dux specimen F 88555.jpg|thumb|Architeuthis dux specimen F 88555]]
Science has confirmed the existence of animals once thought to be mythical monsters. 

'''The Giant Squid:'''
The giant squid may have been mistaken for the Kraken, a mythical monster early mariners believed had the power to shipwreck an entire ship! &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
[[File:Colossal octopus by Pierre Denys de Montfort.jpg|thumb|The Kraken]]
The giant squid was formally named by Japetus Steenstrup, a Danish zoologist in 1856. Previously, whenever body parts washed up ashore, they were attributed to the Kraken. [1] &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt; 
In 1753, in ''The Natural History of Norway'' by Erik Pontoppidan, the Kraken was brought to popular attention. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
Sailors claimed to have encountered monstrous sea creatures with tentacles so massive and powerful, they were able to embrace ships in their tentacles, dragging them under the sea to their doom. [1] &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;   
'''The Komodo Dragon:''' &lt;br&gt;
Western Scientist first recorded Komodo dragons in 1910.  The Komodo dragons are found only on the islands of Komodo, Rinca, Flores, Gili Dasami, and Gili Motang in Indonesia.  It is the largest species of lizard, with the males growing to a maximum length of 3 m (10 ft) and weighing up to 150 kg (330 lb). [2] &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
[[File:At Chester Zoo 2023 019 - Komodo Dragon (cropped).jpg|thumb|At Chester Zoo 2023 019 - Komodo Dragon (cropped)]][[File:WingedDragon.jpg|thumb|dragon illustration from old book]]

&lt;br&gt;
The people on the islands where the Komodo dragons are found, have shared stories and myths for centuries. The Komodo dragon is more than just a lizard, it is a protector, and even a spiritual ancestor to the people. One popular myth associated with Komodo dragons is the story of Putri Naga, the Dragon Princess, a woman who became pregnant with twins, one was born a human boy, the other a dragon child named Ora. A protective attitude has developed between the island people and the Komodo dragons, in part because they are viewed not as animals, but as distant kin. [3] &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
The Komodo dragons are seen as the spiritual guardians of their land. They are its protectors and are believed to possess special powers against evil. They bring good luck to the people who respect them. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
'''Queston:''' Are Komodo dragons descendants of dinosaurs? &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
'''Answer:''' No. They are close to the order Squamata (snakes and lizards). Dinosaurs belong to the order '''Archosauria''', a group that includes crocodiles and modern birds. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt; 
==== Reference: ====
1. Estep, Richard. Monsters: Myths, Legends, and Real Encounters. Visible Ink Press, 2026 &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
2. &quot;Komodo dragon.&quot; Wikipedia. Wikimedia foundation, November 4, 2026. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komodo_dragon &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
3. Komodo Dragon Mythology and Folklore: Unearthing the Legends of Flores and Beyond. November 11, 2026, https://www.komodoislandtour.com/komodo-dragon-mythology-and-folklore.html &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Chapter navigation with TOC|Chapter Three|Chapter Five|TOC mini}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
{{bookcat}}</text>
      <sha1>f3x6qztul6o7xxeun8bcsj8sqi7fk6q</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4680548</id>
      <parentid>4680546</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T18:51:38Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>3MMPEYTON</username>
        <id>3393808</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4680548</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3436" sha1="rel2xdnt1rscyysob5uir97ws5zxtk6" xml:space="preserve">== Monsters And Science ==

[[File:Architeuthis dux specimen F 88555.jpg|thumb|Architeuthis dux specimen F 88555]]
Science has confirmed the existence of animals once thought to be mythical monsters. 

'''The Giant Squid:'''
The giant squid may have been mistaken for the Kraken, a mythical monster early mariners believed had the power to shipwreck an entire ship! &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
[[File:Colossal octopus by Pierre Denys de Montfort.jpg|thumb|The Kraken]]
The giant squid was formally named by Japetus Steenstrup, a Danish zoologist in 1856. Previously, whenever body parts washed up ashore, they were attributed to the Kraken. [1] &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt; 
In 1753, in ''The Natural History of Norway'' by Erik Pontoppidan, the Kraken was brought to popular attention. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
Sailors claimed to have encountered monstrous sea creatures with tentacles so massive and powerful, they were able to embrace ships in their tentacles, dragging them under the sea to their doom. [1] &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;   
'''The Komodo Dragon:''' &lt;br&gt;
Western Scientist first recorded Komodo dragons in 1910.  The Komodo dragons are found only on the islands of Komodo, Rinca, Flores, Gili Dasami, and Gili Motang in Indonesia.  It is the largest species of lizard, with the males growing to a maximum length of 3 m (10 ft) and weighing up to 150 kg (330 lb). [2] &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
[[File:At Chester Zoo 2023 019 - Komodo Dragon (cropped).jpg|thumb|At Chester Zoo 2023 019 - Komodo Dragon (cropped)]][[File:WingedDragon.jpg|thumb|dragon illustration from old book]]

&lt;br&gt;
The people on the islands where the Komodo dragons are found, have shared stories and myths for centuries. The Komodo dragon is more than just a lizard, it is a protector, and even a spiritual ancestor to the people. One popular myth associated with Komodo dragons is the story of Putri Naga, the Dragon Princess, a woman who became pregnant with twins, one was born a human boy, the other a dragon child named Ora. A protective attitude has developed between the island people and the Komodo dragons, in part because they are viewed not as animals, but as distant kin. [3] &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
The Komodo dragons are seen as the spiritual guardians of their land. They are its protectors and are believed to possess special powers against evil. They bring good luck to the people who respect them. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
'''Queston:''' Are Komodo dragons descendants of dinosaurs? &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
'''Answer:''' No. They are close to the order Squamata (snakes and lizards). Dinosaurs belong to the order '''Archosauria''', a group that includes crocodiles and modern birds. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
The Coelacanth: &lt;br&gt;
A prehistoric fish, well-represented in freshwater and marine deposits from as early as the Devonian period (more than 410 million years ago), it was thought to have become extinct in the Late Cretaceous, around 66 million years ago, until it was caught alive in 1938. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt; 
==== Reference: ====
1. Estep, Richard. Monsters: Myths, Legends, and Real Encounters. Visible Ink Press, 2026 &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
2. &quot;Komodo dragon.&quot; Wikipedia. Wikimedia foundation, November 4, 2026. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komodo_dragon &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
3. Komodo Dragon Mythology and Folklore: Unearthing the Legends of Flores and Beyond. November 11, 2026, https://www.komodoislandtour.com/komodo-dragon-mythology-and-folklore.html &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Chapter navigation with TOC|Chapter Three|Chapter Five|TOC mini}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
{{bookcat}}</text>
      <sha1>rel2xdnt1rscyysob5uir97ws5zxtk6</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4680549</id>
      <parentid>4680548</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T18:52:04Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>3MMPEYTON</username>
        <id>3393808</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4680549</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3442" sha1="obupwl8on5caydnfee11sw6kugm9b9n" xml:space="preserve">== Monsters And Science ==

[[File:Architeuthis dux specimen F 88555.jpg|thumb|Architeuthis dux specimen F 88555]]
Science has confirmed the existence of animals once thought to be mythical monsters. 

'''The Giant Squid:'''
The giant squid may have been mistaken for the Kraken, a mythical monster early mariners believed had the power to shipwreck an entire ship! &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
[[File:Colossal octopus by Pierre Denys de Montfort.jpg|thumb|The Kraken]]
The giant squid was formally named by Japetus Steenstrup, a Danish zoologist in 1856. Previously, whenever body parts washed up ashore, they were attributed to the Kraken. [1] &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt; 
In 1753, in ''The Natural History of Norway'' by Erik Pontoppidan, the Kraken was brought to popular attention. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
Sailors claimed to have encountered monstrous sea creatures with tentacles so massive and powerful, they were able to embrace ships in their tentacles, dragging them under the sea to their doom. [1] &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;   
'''The Komodo Dragon:''' &lt;br&gt;
Western Scientist first recorded Komodo dragons in 1910.  The Komodo dragons are found only on the islands of Komodo, Rinca, Flores, Gili Dasami, and Gili Motang in Indonesia.  It is the largest species of lizard, with the males growing to a maximum length of 3 m (10 ft) and weighing up to 150 kg (330 lb). [2] &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
[[File:At Chester Zoo 2023 019 - Komodo Dragon (cropped).jpg|thumb|At Chester Zoo 2023 019 - Komodo Dragon (cropped)]][[File:WingedDragon.jpg|thumb|dragon illustration from old book]]

&lt;br&gt;
The people on the islands where the Komodo dragons are found, have shared stories and myths for centuries. The Komodo dragon is more than just a lizard, it is a protector, and even a spiritual ancestor to the people. One popular myth associated with Komodo dragons is the story of Putri Naga, the Dragon Princess, a woman who became pregnant with twins, one was born a human boy, the other a dragon child named Ora. A protective attitude has developed between the island people and the Komodo dragons, in part because they are viewed not as animals, but as distant kin. [3] &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
The Komodo dragons are seen as the spiritual guardians of their land. They are its protectors and are believed to possess special powers against evil. They bring good luck to the people who respect them. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
'''Queston:''' Are Komodo dragons descendants of dinosaurs? &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
'''Answer:''' No. They are close to the order Squamata (snakes and lizards). Dinosaurs belong to the order '''Archosauria''', a group that includes crocodiles and modern birds. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
'''The Coelacanth:''' &lt;br&gt;
A prehistoric fish, well-represented in freshwater and marine deposits from as early as the Devonian period (more than 410 million years ago), it was thought to have become extinct in the Late Cretaceous, around 66 million years ago, until it was caught alive in 1938. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt; 
==== Reference: ====
1. Estep, Richard. Monsters: Myths, Legends, and Real Encounters. Visible Ink Press, 2026 &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
2. &quot;Komodo dragon.&quot; Wikipedia. Wikimedia foundation, November 4, 2026. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komodo_dragon &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
3. Komodo Dragon Mythology and Folklore: Unearthing the Legends of Flores and Beyond. November 11, 2026, https://www.komodoislandtour.com/komodo-dragon-mythology-and-folklore.html &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Chapter navigation with TOC|Chapter Three|Chapter Five|TOC mini}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
{{bookcat}}</text>
      <sha1>obupwl8on5caydnfee11sw6kugm9b9n</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4680550</id>
      <parentid>4680549</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T18:54:40Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>3MMPEYTON</username>
        <id>3393808</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4680550</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3560" sha1="8kzjm0jn9jqsr514n7a0x0gwqy031ms" xml:space="preserve">== Monsters And Science ==

[[File:Architeuthis dux specimen F 88555.jpg|thumb|Architeuthis dux specimen F 88555]]
Science has confirmed the existence of animals once thought to be mythical monsters. 

'''The Giant Squid:'''
The giant squid may have been mistaken for the Kraken, a mythical monster early mariners believed had the power to shipwreck an entire ship! &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
[[File:Colossal octopus by Pierre Denys de Montfort.jpg|thumb|The Kraken]]
The giant squid was formally named by Japetus Steenstrup, a Danish zoologist in 1856. Previously, whenever body parts washed up ashore, they were attributed to the Kraken. [1] &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt; 
In 1753, in ''The Natural History of Norway'' by Erik Pontoppidan, the Kraken was brought to popular attention. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
Sailors claimed to have encountered monstrous sea creatures with tentacles so massive and powerful, they were able to embrace ships in their tentacles, dragging them under the sea to their doom. [1] &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;   
'''The Komodo Dragon:''' &lt;br&gt;
Western Scientist first recorded Komodo dragons in 1910.  The Komodo dragons are found only on the islands of Komodo, Rinca, Flores, Gili Dasami, and Gili Motang in Indonesia.  It is the largest species of lizard, with the males growing to a maximum length of 3 m (10 ft) and weighing up to 150 kg (330 lb). [2] &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
[[File:At Chester Zoo 2023 019 - Komodo Dragon (cropped).jpg|thumb|At Chester Zoo 2023 019 - Komodo Dragon (cropped)]][[File:WingedDragon.jpg|thumb|dragon illustration from old book]]

&lt;br&gt;
The people on the islands where the Komodo dragons are found, have shared stories and myths for centuries. The Komodo dragon is more than just a lizard, it is a protector, and even a spiritual ancestor to the people. One popular myth associated with Komodo dragons is the story of Putri Naga, the Dragon Princess, a woman who became pregnant with twins, one was born a human boy, the other a dragon child named Ora. A protective attitude has developed between the island people and the Komodo dragons, in part because they are viewed not as animals, but as distant kin. [3] &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
The Komodo dragons are seen as the spiritual guardians of their land. They are its protectors and are believed to possess special powers against evil. They bring good luck to the people who respect them. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
'''Queston:''' Are Komodo dragons descendants of dinosaurs? &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
'''Answer:''' No. They are close to the order Squamata (snakes and lizards). Dinosaurs belong to the order '''Archosauria''', a group that includes crocodiles and modern birds. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
'''The Coelacanth:''' &lt;br&gt;
A prehistoric fish, well-represented in freshwater and marine deposits from as early as the Devonian period (more than 410 million years ago), it was thought to have become extinct in the Late Cretaceous, around 66 million years ago, until it was caught alive in 1938. [4] &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt; 
==== Reference: ====
1. Estep, Richard. Monsters: Myths, Legends, and Real Encounters. Visible Ink Press, 2026 &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
2. &quot;Komodo dragon.&quot; Wikipedia. Wikimedia foundation, November 4, 2026. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komodo_dragon &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
3. Komodo Dragon Mythology and Folklore: Unearthing the Legends of Flores and Beyond. November 11, 2026, https://www.komodoislandtour.com/komodo-dragon-mythology-and-folklore.html &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
4. &quot;Coelacanth.&quot; Wikipedia. Wikimedia foundation, November 1, 2026. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coelacanth &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Chapter navigation with TOC|Chapter Three|Chapter Five|TOC mini}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
{{bookcat}}</text>
      <sha1>8kzjm0jn9jqsr514n7a0x0gwqy031ms</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4680551</id>
      <parentid>4680550</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T19:12:42Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>3MMPEYTON</username>
        <id>3393808</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4680551</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4002" sha1="ob0gabpristoujxw04zqtpo1fe2wt3w" xml:space="preserve">== Monsters And Science ==

[[File:Architeuthis dux specimen F 88555.jpg|thumb|Architeuthis dux specimen F 88555]]
Science has confirmed the existence of animals once thought to be mythical monsters. 

'''The Giant Squid:'''
The giant squid may have been mistaken for the Kraken, a mythical monster early mariners believed had the power to shipwreck an entire ship! &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
[[File:Colossal octopus by Pierre Denys de Montfort.jpg|thumb|The Kraken]]
The giant squid was formally named by Japetus Steenstrup, a Danish zoologist in 1856. Previously, whenever body parts washed up ashore, they were attributed to the Kraken. [1] &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt; 
In 1753, in ''The Natural History of Norway'' by Erik Pontoppidan, the Kraken was brought to popular attention. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
Sailors claimed to have encountered monstrous sea creatures with tentacles so massive and powerful, they were able to embrace ships in their tentacles, dragging them under the sea to their doom. [1] &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;   
'''The Komodo Dragon:''' &lt;br&gt;
Western Scientist first recorded Komodo dragons in 1910.  The Komodo dragons are found only on the islands of Komodo, Rinca, Flores, Gili Dasami, and Gili Motang in Indonesia.  It is the largest species of lizard, with the males growing to a maximum length of 3 m (10 ft) and weighing up to 150 kg (330 lb). [2] &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
[[File:At Chester Zoo 2023 019 - Komodo Dragon (cropped).jpg|thumb|At Chester Zoo 2023 019 - Komodo Dragon (cropped)]][[File:WingedDragon.jpg|thumb|dragon illustration from old book]]

&lt;br&gt;
The people on the islands where the Komodo dragons are found, have shared stories and myths for centuries. The Komodo dragon is more than just a lizard, it is a protector, and even a spiritual ancestor to the people. One popular myth associated with Komodo dragons is the story of Putri Naga, the Dragon Princess, a woman who became pregnant with twins, one was born a human boy, the other a dragon child named Ora. A protective attitude has developed between the island people and the Komodo dragons, in part because they are viewed not as animals, but as distant kin. [3] &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
The Komodo dragons are seen as the spiritual guardians of their land. They are its protectors and are believed to possess special powers against evil. They bring good luck to the people who respect them. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
'''Queston:''' Are Komodo dragons descendants of dinosaurs? &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
'''Answer:''' No. They are close to the order Squamata (snakes and lizards). Dinosaurs belong to the order '''Archosauria''', a group that includes crocodiles and modern birds. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
'''The Coelacanth:''' &lt;br&gt;
A prehistoric fish, well-represented in freshwater and marine deposits from as early as the Devonian period (more than 410 million years ago), it was thought to have become extinct in the Late Cretaceous, around 66 million years ago, until it was caught alive in 1938. [4] &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
This former cryptid, may have existed alongside the T-Rex! The discovery of this ancient fish directly inspired Hollywood's creation of the Gill-man in the classic monster movie ''Creature from the Black Lagoon'' in 1954.
&lt;br&gt;
[[File:201704 Coelacanth.svg|thumb|Coelacanth]][[File:Ginger Stanley in the grip of the Gill-Man for promo still at Silver Springs.jpg|thumb|Ginger Stanley in the grip of the Gill-Man for promo still at Silver Springs]]
&lt;br&gt; 
==== Reference: ====
1. Estep, Richard. Monsters: Myths, Legends, and Real Encounters. Visible Ink Press, 2026 &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
2. &quot;Komodo dragon.&quot; Wikipedia. Wikimedia foundation, November 4, 2026. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komodo_dragon &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
3. Komodo Dragon Mythology and Folklore: Unearthing the Legends of Flores and Beyond. November 11, 2026, https://www.komodoislandtour.com/komodo-dragon-mythology-and-folklore.html &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
4. &quot;Coelacanth.&quot; Wikipedia. Wikimedia foundation, November 1, 2026. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coelacanth &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Chapter navigation with TOC|Chapter Three|Chapter Five|TOC mini}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
{{bookcat}}</text>
      <sha1>ob0gabpristoujxw04zqtpo1fe2wt3w</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4680553</id>
      <parentid>4680551</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T19:18:08Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>3MMPEYTON</username>
        <id>3393808</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4680553</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4323" sha1="89h8oeaumxvscuhu2vfj7cayh7dz50n" xml:space="preserve">== Monsters And Science ==

[[File:Architeuthis dux specimen F 88555.jpg|thumb|Architeuthis dux specimen F 88555]]
Science has confirmed the existence of animals once thought to be mythical monsters. 

'''The Giant Squid:'''
The giant squid may have been mistaken for the Kraken, a mythical monster early mariners believed had the power to shipwreck an entire ship! &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
[[File:Colossal octopus by Pierre Denys de Montfort.jpg|thumb|The Kraken]]
The giant squid was formally named by Japetus Steenstrup, a Danish zoologist in 1856. Previously, whenever body parts washed up ashore, they were attributed to the Kraken. [1] &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt; 
In 1753, in ''The Natural History of Norway'' by Erik Pontoppidan, the Kraken was brought to popular attention. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
Sailors claimed to have encountered monstrous sea creatures with tentacles so massive and powerful, they were able to embrace ships in their tentacles, dragging them under the sea to their doom. [1] &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;   
'''The Komodo Dragon:''' &lt;br&gt;
Western Scientist first recorded Komodo dragons in 1910.  The Komodo dragons are found only on the islands of Komodo, Rinca, Flores, Gili Dasami, and Gili Motang in Indonesia.  It is the largest species of lizard, with the males growing to a maximum length of 3 m (10 ft) and weighing up to 150 kg (330 lb). [2] &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
[[File:At Chester Zoo 2023 019 - Komodo Dragon (cropped).jpg|thumb|At Chester Zoo 2023 019 - Komodo Dragon (cropped)]][[File:WingedDragon.jpg|thumb|dragon illustration from old book]]

&lt;br&gt;
The people on the islands where the Komodo dragons are found, have shared stories and myths for centuries. The Komodo dragon is more than just a lizard, it is a protector, and even a spiritual ancestor to the people. One popular myth associated with Komodo dragons is the story of Putri Naga, the Dragon Princess, a woman who became pregnant with twins, one was born a human boy, the other a dragon child named Ora. A protective attitude has developed between the island people and the Komodo dragons, in part because they are viewed not as animals, but as distant kin. [3] &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
The Komodo dragons are seen as the spiritual guardians of their land. They are its protectors and are believed to possess special powers against evil. They bring good luck to the people who respect them. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
'''Queston:''' Are Komodo dragons descendants of dinosaurs? &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
'''Answer:''' No. They are close to the order Squamata (snakes and lizards). Dinosaurs belong to the order '''Archosauria''', a group that includes crocodiles and modern birds. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
'''The Coelacanth:''' &lt;br&gt;
A prehistoric fish, well-represented in freshwater and marine deposits from as early as the Devonian period (more than 410 million years ago), it was thought to have become extinct in the Late Cretaceous, around 66 million years ago, until it was caught alive in 1938. [4] &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
[[File:201704 Coelacanth.svg|thumb|Coelacanth]][[File:Ginger Stanley in the grip of the Gill-Man for promo still at Silver Springs.jpg|thumb|Ginger Stanley in the grip of the Gill-Man for promo still at Silver Springs]]
This former cryptid, may have existed alongside the T-Rex! The discovery of this ancient fish directly inspired Hollywood's creation of the Gill-man in the classic monster movie ''Creature from the Black Lagoon'' in 1954. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt; 
Currently, there is no credible peer-reviewed scientific evidence supporting the existence of mythological or popular monsters. What people call &quot;monsters&quot; are usually a combination of folklore, deliberate hoaxes, misidentified known animals, or real animal species that were discovered in the modern era. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
==== Reference: ====
1. Estep, Richard. Monsters: Myths, Legends, and Real Encounters. Visible Ink Press, 2026 &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
2. &quot;Komodo dragon.&quot; Wikipedia. Wikimedia foundation, November 4, 2026. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komodo_dragon &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
3. Komodo Dragon Mythology and Folklore: Unearthing the Legends of Flores and Beyond. November 11, 2026, https://www.komodoislandtour.com/komodo-dragon-mythology-and-folklore.html &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
4. &quot;Coelacanth.&quot; Wikipedia. Wikimedia foundation, November 1, 2026. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coelacanth &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Chapter navigation with TOC|Chapter Three|Chapter Five|TOC mini}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
{{bookcat}}</text>
      <sha1>89h8oeaumxvscuhu2vfj7cayh7dz50n</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4680554</id>
      <parentid>4680553</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T19:18:55Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>3MMPEYTON</username>
        <id>3393808</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4680554</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4325" sha1="bdqepxluw13eklsece24iwcg9269rrj" xml:space="preserve">== Monsters And Science ==

[[File:Architeuthis dux specimen F 88555.jpg|thumb|Architeuthis dux specimen F 88555]]
Science has confirmed the existence of animals once thought to be mythical monsters. 

'''The Giant Squid:'''
The giant squid may have been mistaken for the Kraken, a mythical monster early mariners believed had the power to shipwreck an entire ship! &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
[[File:Colossal octopus by Pierre Denys de Montfort.jpg|thumb|The Kraken]]
The giant squid was formally named by Japetus Steenstrup, a Danish zoologist in 1856. Previously, whenever body parts washed up ashore, they were attributed to the Kraken. [1] &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt; 
In 1753, in ''The Natural History of Norway'' by Erik Pontoppidan, the Kraken was brought to popular attention. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
Sailors claimed to have encountered monstrous sea creatures with tentacles so massive and powerful, they were able to embrace ships in their tentacles, dragging them under the sea to their doom. [1] &lt;br&gt;

&lt;br&gt;   
'''The Komodo Dragon:''' &lt;br&gt;
Western Scientist first recorded Komodo dragons in 1910.  The Komodo dragons are found only on the islands of Komodo, Rinca, Flores, Gili Dasami, and Gili Motang in Indonesia.  It is the largest species of lizard, with the males growing to a maximum length of 3 m (10 ft) and weighing up to 150 kg (330 lb). [2] &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
[[File:At Chester Zoo 2023 019 - Komodo Dragon (cropped).jpg|thumb|At Chester Zoo 2023 019 - Komodo Dragon (cropped)]][[File:WingedDragon.jpg|thumb|dragon illustration from old book]]

&lt;br&gt;
The people on the islands where the Komodo dragons are found, have shared stories and myths for centuries. The Komodo dragon is more than just a lizard, it is a protector, and even a spiritual ancestor to the people. One popular myth associated with Komodo dragons is the story of Putri Naga, the Dragon Princess, a woman who became pregnant with twins, one was born a human boy, the other a dragon child named Ora. A protective attitude has developed between the island people and the Komodo dragons, in part because they are viewed not as animals, but as distant kin. [3] &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
The Komodo dragons are seen as the spiritual guardians of their land. They are its protectors and are believed to possess special powers against evil. They bring good luck to the people who respect them. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
'''Queston:''' Are Komodo dragons descendants of dinosaurs? &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
'''Answer:''' No. They are close to the order Squamata (snakes and lizards). Dinosaurs belong to the order '''Archosauria''', a group that includes crocodiles and modern birds. &lt;br&gt;

&lt;br&gt;
'''The Coelacanth:''' &lt;br&gt;
A prehistoric fish, well-represented in freshwater and marine deposits from as early as the Devonian period (more than 410 million years ago), it was thought to have become extinct in the Late Cretaceous, around 66 million years ago, until it was caught alive in 1938. [4] &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
[[File:201704 Coelacanth.svg|thumb|Coelacanth]][[File:Ginger Stanley in the grip of the Gill-Man for promo still at Silver Springs.jpg|thumb|Ginger Stanley in the grip of the Gill-Man for promo still at Silver Springs]]
This former cryptid, may have existed alongside the T-Rex! The discovery of this ancient fish directly inspired Hollywood's creation of the Gill-man in the classic monster movie ''Creature from the Black Lagoon'' in 1954. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt; 
Currently, there is no credible peer-reviewed scientific evidence supporting the existence of mythological or popular monsters. What people call &quot;monsters&quot; are usually a combination of folklore, deliberate hoaxes, misidentified known animals, or real animal species that were discovered in the modern era. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
==== Reference: ====
1. Estep, Richard. Monsters: Myths, Legends, and Real Encounters. Visible Ink Press, 2026 &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
2. &quot;Komodo dragon.&quot; Wikipedia. Wikimedia foundation, November 4, 2026. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komodo_dragon &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
3. Komodo Dragon Mythology and Folklore: Unearthing the Legends of Flores and Beyond. November 11, 2026, https://www.komodoislandtour.com/komodo-dragon-mythology-and-folklore.html &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
4. &quot;Coelacanth.&quot; Wikipedia. Wikimedia foundation, November 1, 2026. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coelacanth &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Chapter navigation with TOC|Chapter Three|Chapter Five|TOC mini}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
{{bookcat}}</text>
      <sha1>bdqepxluw13eklsece24iwcg9269rrj</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4680555</id>
      <parentid>4680554</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T19:20:54Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>3MMPEYTON</username>
        <id>3393808</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4680555</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4325" sha1="00dau39311t9hta5qmhr71s2lqwcbby" xml:space="preserve">== Monsters And Science ==

[[File:Architeuthis dux specimen F 88555.jpg|thumb|Architeuthis dux specimen F 88555]]
Science has confirmed the existence of animals once thought to be mythical monsters. 

'''The Giant Squid:'''
The giant squid may have been mistaken for the Kraken, a mythical monster early mariners believed had the power to shipwreck an entire ship! &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
[[File:Colossal octopus by Pierre Denys de Montfort.jpg|thumb|The Kraken]]
The giant squid was formally named by Japetus Steenstrup, a Danish zoologist in 1856. Previously, whenever body parts washed up ashore, they were attributed to the Kraken. [1] &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt; 
In 1753, in ''The Natural History of Norway'' by Erik Pontoppidan, the Kraken was brought to popular attention. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
Sailors claimed to have encountered monstrous sea creatures with tentacles so massive and powerful, they were able to embrace ships in their tentacles, dragging them under the sea to their doom. [1] &lt;br&gt;

&lt;br&gt;   
'''The Komodo Dragon:''' &lt;br&gt;
Western Scientist first recorded Komodo dragons in 1910.  The Komodo dragons are found only on the islands of Komodo, Rinca, Flores, Gili Dasami, and Gili Motang in Indonesia.  It is the largest species of lizard, with the males growing to a maximum length of 3 m (10 ft) and weighing up to 150 kg (330 lb). [2] &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
[[File:At Chester Zoo 2023 019 - Komodo Dragon (cropped).jpg|thumb|At Chester Zoo 2023 019 - Komodo Dragon (cropped)]][[File:WingedDragon.jpg|thumb|dragon illustration from old book]]

The people on the islands where the Komodo dragons are found, have shared stories and myths for centuries. The Komodo dragon is more than just a lizard, it is a protector, and even a spiritual ancestor to the people. One popular myth associated with Komodo dragons is the story of Putri Naga, the Dragon Princess, a woman who became pregnant with twins, one was born a human boy, the other a dragon child named Ora. A protective attitude has developed between the island people and the Komodo dragons, in part because they are viewed not as animals, but as distant kin. [3] &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
The Komodo dragons are seen as the spiritual guardians of their land. They are its protectors and are believed to possess special powers against evil. They bring good luck to the people who respect them. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
'''Queston:''' Are Komodo dragons descendants of dinosaurs? &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
'''Answer:''' No. They are close to the order Squamata (snakes and lizards). Dinosaurs belong to the order '''Archosauria''', a group that includes crocodiles and modern birds. &lt;br&gt;

&lt;br&gt;
'''The Coelacanth:''' &lt;br&gt;
A prehistoric fish, well-represented in freshwater and marine deposits from as early as the Devonian period (more than 410 million years ago), it was thought to have become extinct in the Late Cretaceous, around 66 million years ago, until it was caught alive in 1938. [4] &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
[[File:201704 Coelacanth.svg|thumb|Coelacanth]][[File:Ginger Stanley in the grip of the Gill-Man for promo still at Silver Springs.jpg|thumb|Ginger Stanley in the grip of the Gill-Man for promo still at Silver Springs]]
This former cryptid, may have existed alongside the T-Rex! The discovery of this ancient fish directly inspired Hollywood's creation of the Gill-man in the classic monster movie ''Creature from the Black Lagoon'' in 1954. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt; 
Currently, there is no credible peer-reviewed scientific evidence supporting the existence of mythological or popular monsters. What people call &quot;monsters&quot; are usually a combination of folklore, deliberate hoaxes, misidentified known animals, or real animal species that were discovered in the modern era. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
==== Reference: ====
1. Estep, Richard. Monsters: Myths, Legends, and Real Encounters. Visible Ink Press, 2026 &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
2. &quot;Komodo dragon.&quot; Wikipedia. Wikimedia foundation, November 4, 2026. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komodo_dragon &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
3. Komodo Dragon Mythology and Folklore: Unearthing the Legends of Flores and Beyond. November 11, 2026, https://www.komodoislandtour.com/komodo-dragon-mythology-and-folklore.html &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
4. &quot;Coelacanth.&quot; Wikipedia. Wikimedia foundation, November 1, 2026. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coelacanth &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Chapter navigation with TOC|Chapter Three|Chapter Five|TOC mini}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
{{bookcat}}</text>
      <sha1>00dau39311t9hta5qmhr71s2lqwcbby</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4680556</id>
      <parentid>4680555</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T19:25:19Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>3MMPEYTON</username>
        <id>3393808</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4680556</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4415" sha1="0g9hy7b64ktiypcdnt5sf7n38xchgp6" xml:space="preserve">== Monsters And Science ==

[[File:Architeuthis dux specimen F 88555.jpg|thumb|Architeuthis dux specimen F 88555]]
Science has confirmed the existence of animals once thought to be mythical monsters. 

'''The Giant Squid:'''
The giant squid may have been mistaken for the Kraken, a mythical monster early mariners believed had the power to shipwreck an entire ship! &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
[[File:Colossal octopus by Pierre Denys de Montfort.jpg|thumb|The Kraken]]
The giant squid was formally named by Japetus Steenstrup, a Danish zoologist in 1856. Previously, whenever body parts washed up ashore, they were attributed to the Kraken. [1] &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt; 
In 1753, in ''The Natural History of Norway'' by Erik Pontoppidan, the Kraken was brought to popular attention. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
Sailors claimed to have encountered monstrous sea creatures with tentacles so massive and powerful, they were able to embrace ships in their tentacles, dragging them under the sea to their doom. [1] &lt;br&gt;

&lt;br&gt;   
'''The Komodo Dragon:''' &lt;br&gt;
Western Scientist first recorded Komodo dragons in 1910.  The Komodo dragons are found only on the islands of Komodo, Rinca, Flores, Gili Dasami, and Gili Motang in Indonesia.  It is the largest species of lizard, with the males growing to a maximum length of 3 m (10 ft) and weighing up to 150 kg (330 lb). [2] &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
[[File:At Chester Zoo 2023 019 - Komodo Dragon (cropped).jpg|thumb|At Chester Zoo 2023 019 - Komodo Dragon (cropped)]][[File:WingedDragon.jpg|thumb|dragon illustration from old book]]

The people on the islands where the Komodo dragons are found, have shared stories and myths for centuries. The Komodo dragon is more than just a lizard, it is a protector, and even a spiritual ancestor to the people. One popular myth associated with Komodo dragons is the story of Putri Naga, the Dragon Princess, a woman who became pregnant with twins, one was born a human boy, the other a dragon child named Ora. A protective attitude has developed between the island people and the Komodo dragons, in part because they are viewed not as animals, but as distant kin. [3] &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
The Komodo dragons are seen as the spiritual guardians of their land. They are its protectors and are believed to possess special powers against evil. They bring good luck to the people who respect them. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
'''Queston:''' Are Komodo dragons descendants of dinosaurs? &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
'''Answer:''' No. They are close to the order Squamata (snakes and lizards). Dinosaurs belong to the order '''Archosauria''', a group that includes crocodiles and modern birds. &lt;br&gt;

&lt;br&gt;
'''The Coelacanth:''' &lt;br&gt;
A prehistoric fish, well-represented in freshwater and marine deposits from as early as the Devonian period (more than 410 million years ago), it was thought to have become extinct in the Late Cretaceous, around 66 million years ago, until it was caught alive in 1938. [4] &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;

This former cryptid, may have existed alongside the T-Rex! The discovery of this ancient fish directly inspired Hollywood's creation of the Gill-man in the classic monster movie ''Creature from the Black Lagoon'' in 1954. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt; 
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+ Caption text
|-
! Pre-historic fish !! Gill-Man
|-
| [[File:201704 Coelacanth.svg|thumb|Coelacanth]] || [[File:Ginger Stanley in the grip of the Gill-Man for promo still at Silver Springs.jpg|thumb|Ginger Stanley in the grip of the Gill-Man for promo still at Silver Springs]]
|}
&lt;br&gt;
Currently, there is no credible peer-reviewed scientific evidence supporting the existence of mythological or popular monsters. What people call &quot;monsters&quot; are usually a combination of folklore, deliberate hoaxes, misidentified known animals, or real animal species that were discovered in the modern era. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
==== Reference: ====
1. Estep, Richard. Monsters: Myths, Legends, and Real Encounters. Visible Ink Press, 2026 &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
2. &quot;Komodo dragon.&quot; Wikipedia. Wikimedia foundation, November 4, 2026. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komodo_dragon &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
3. Komodo Dragon Mythology and Folklore: Unearthing the Legends of Flores and Beyond. November 11, 2026, https://www.komodoislandtour.com/komodo-dragon-mythology-and-folklore.html &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
4. &quot;Coelacanth.&quot; Wikipedia. Wikimedia foundation, November 1, 2026. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coelacanth &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Chapter navigation with TOC|Chapter Three|Chapter Five|TOC mini}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
{{bookcat}}</text>
      <sha1>0g9hy7b64ktiypcdnt5sf7n38xchgp6</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4680557</id>
      <parentid>4680556</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T19:26:04Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>3MMPEYTON</username>
        <id>3393808</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4680557</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4403" sha1="gjqyq7mvf0ntzuip28j3su0r35ms773" xml:space="preserve">== Monsters And Science ==

[[File:Architeuthis dux specimen F 88555.jpg|thumb|Architeuthis dux specimen F 88555]]
Science has confirmed the existence of animals once thought to be mythical monsters. 

'''The Giant Squid:'''
The giant squid may have been mistaken for the Kraken, a mythical monster early mariners believed had the power to shipwreck an entire ship! &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
[[File:Colossal octopus by Pierre Denys de Montfort.jpg|thumb|The Kraken]]
The giant squid was formally named by Japetus Steenstrup, a Danish zoologist in 1856. Previously, whenever body parts washed up ashore, they were attributed to the Kraken. [1] &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt; 
In 1753, in ''The Natural History of Norway'' by Erik Pontoppidan, the Kraken was brought to popular attention. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
Sailors claimed to have encountered monstrous sea creatures with tentacles so massive and powerful, they were able to embrace ships in their tentacles, dragging them under the sea to their doom. [1] &lt;br&gt;

&lt;br&gt;   
'''The Komodo Dragon:''' &lt;br&gt;
Western Scientist first recorded Komodo dragons in 1910.  The Komodo dragons are found only on the islands of Komodo, Rinca, Flores, Gili Dasami, and Gili Motang in Indonesia.  It is the largest species of lizard, with the males growing to a maximum length of 3 m (10 ft) and weighing up to 150 kg (330 lb). [2] &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
[[File:At Chester Zoo 2023 019 - Komodo Dragon (cropped).jpg|thumb|At Chester Zoo 2023 019 - Komodo Dragon (cropped)]][[File:WingedDragon.jpg|thumb|dragon illustration from old book]]

The people on the islands where the Komodo dragons are found, have shared stories and myths for centuries. The Komodo dragon is more than just a lizard, it is a protector, and even a spiritual ancestor to the people. One popular myth associated with Komodo dragons is the story of Putri Naga, the Dragon Princess, a woman who became pregnant with twins, one was born a human boy, the other a dragon child named Ora. A protective attitude has developed between the island people and the Komodo dragons, in part because they are viewed not as animals, but as distant kin. [3] &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
The Komodo dragons are seen as the spiritual guardians of their land. They are its protectors and are believed to possess special powers against evil. They bring good luck to the people who respect them. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
'''Queston:''' Are Komodo dragons descendants of dinosaurs? &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
'''Answer:''' No. They are close to the order Squamata (snakes and lizards). Dinosaurs belong to the order '''Archosauria''', a group that includes crocodiles and modern birds. &lt;br&gt;

&lt;br&gt;
'''The Coelacanth:''' &lt;br&gt;
A prehistoric fish, well-represented in freshwater and marine deposits from as early as the Devonian period (more than 410 million years ago), it was thought to have become extinct in the Late Cretaceous, around 66 million years ago, until it was caught alive in 1938. [4] &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;

This former cryptid, may have existed alongside the T-Rex! The discovery of this ancient fish directly inspired Hollywood's creation of the Gill-man in the classic monster movie ''Creature from the Black Lagoon'' in 1954. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt; 
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+ 
|-
! Pre-historic fish !! Gill-Man
|-
| [[File:201704 Coelacanth.svg|thumb|Coelacanth]] || [[File:Ginger Stanley in the grip of the Gill-Man for promo still at Silver Springs.jpg|thumb|Ginger Stanley in the grip of the Gill-Man for promo still at Silver Springs]]
|}
&lt;br&gt;
Currently, there is no credible peer-reviewed scientific evidence supporting the existence of mythological or popular monsters. What people call &quot;monsters&quot; are usually a combination of folklore, deliberate hoaxes, misidentified known animals, or real animal species that were discovered in the modern era. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
==== Reference: ====
1. Estep, Richard. Monsters: Myths, Legends, and Real Encounters. Visible Ink Press, 2026 &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
2. &quot;Komodo dragon.&quot; Wikipedia. Wikimedia foundation, November 4, 2026. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komodo_dragon &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
3. Komodo Dragon Mythology and Folklore: Unearthing the Legends of Flores and Beyond. November 11, 2026, https://www.komodoislandtour.com/komodo-dragon-mythology-and-folklore.html &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
4. &quot;Coelacanth.&quot; Wikipedia. Wikimedia foundation, November 1, 2026. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coelacanth &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Chapter navigation with TOC|Chapter Three|Chapter Five|TOC mini}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
{{bookcat}}</text>
      <sha1>gjqyq7mvf0ntzuip28j3su0r35ms773</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4680558</id>
      <parentid>4680557</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T19:26:53Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>3MMPEYTON</username>
        <id>3393808</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4680558</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4407" sha1="o8cvbkqwwzhq7g3mv4sbgo84lzvf3ga" xml:space="preserve">== Monsters And Science ==

[[File:Architeuthis dux specimen F 88555.jpg|thumb|Architeuthis dux specimen F 88555]]
Science has confirmed the existence of animals once thought to be mythical monsters. 

'''The Giant Squid:'''
The giant squid may have been mistaken for the Kraken, a mythical monster early mariners believed had the power to shipwreck an entire ship! &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
[[File:Colossal octopus by Pierre Denys de Montfort.jpg|thumb|The Kraken]]
The giant squid was formally named by Japetus Steenstrup, a Danish zoologist in 1856. Previously, whenever body parts washed up ashore, they were attributed to the Kraken. [1] &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt; 
In 1753, in ''The Natural History of Norway'' by Erik Pontoppidan, the Kraken was brought to popular attention. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
Sailors claimed to have encountered monstrous sea creatures with tentacles so massive and powerful, they were able to embrace ships in their tentacles, dragging them under the sea to their doom. [1] &lt;br&gt;

&lt;br&gt;   
'''The Komodo Dragon:''' &lt;br&gt;
Western Scientist first recorded Komodo dragons in 1910.  The Komodo dragons are found only on the islands of Komodo, Rinca, Flores, Gili Dasami, and Gili Motang in Indonesia.  It is the largest species of lizard, with the males growing to a maximum length of 3 m (10 ft) and weighing up to 150 kg (330 lb). [2] &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
[[File:At Chester Zoo 2023 019 - Komodo Dragon (cropped).jpg|thumb|At Chester Zoo 2023 019 - Komodo Dragon (cropped)]][[File:WingedDragon.jpg|thumb|dragon illustration from old book]]

The people on the islands where the Komodo dragons are found, have shared stories and myths for centuries. The Komodo dragon is more than just a lizard, it is a protector, and even a spiritual ancestor to the people. One popular myth associated with Komodo dragons is the story of Putri Naga, the Dragon Princess, a woman who became pregnant with twins, one was born a human boy, the other a dragon child named Ora. A protective attitude has developed between the island people and the Komodo dragons, in part because they are viewed not as animals, but as distant kin. [3] &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
The Komodo dragons are seen as the spiritual guardians of their land. They are its protectors and are believed to possess special powers against evil. They bring good luck to the people who respect them. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
'''Queston:''' Are Komodo dragons descendants of dinosaurs? &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
'''Answer:''' No. They are close to the order Squamata (snakes and lizards). Dinosaurs belong to the order '''Archosauria''', a group that includes crocodiles and modern birds. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
'''The Coelacanth:''' &lt;br&gt;
A prehistoric fish, well-represented in freshwater and marine deposits from as early as the Devonian period (more than 410 million years ago), it was thought to have become extinct in the Late Cretaceous, around 66 million years ago, until it was caught alive in 1938. [4] &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;

This former cryptid, may have existed alongside the T-Rex! The discovery of this ancient fish directly inspired Hollywood's creation of the Gill-man in the classic monster movie ''Creature from the Black Lagoon'' in 1954. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt; 
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+ 
|-
! Pre-historic fish !! Gill-Man
|-
| [[File:201704 Coelacanth.svg|thumb|Coelacanth]] || [[File:Ginger Stanley in the grip of the Gill-Man for promo still at Silver Springs.jpg|thumb|Ginger Stanley in the grip of the Gill-Man for promo still at Silver Springs]]
|}
&lt;br&gt;
Currently, there is no credible peer-reviewed scientific evidence supporting the existence of mythological or popular monsters. What people call &quot;monsters&quot; are usually a combination of folklore, deliberate hoaxes, misidentified known animals, or real animal species that were discovered in the modern era. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
==== Reference: ====
1. Estep, Richard. Monsters: Myths, Legends, and Real Encounters. Visible Ink Press, 2026 &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
2. &quot;Komodo dragon.&quot; Wikipedia. Wikimedia foundation, November 4, 2026. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komodo_dragon &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
3. Komodo Dragon Mythology and Folklore: Unearthing the Legends of Flores and Beyond. November 11, 2026, https://www.komodoislandtour.com/komodo-dragon-mythology-and-folklore.html &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
4. &quot;Coelacanth.&quot; Wikipedia. Wikimedia foundation, November 1, 2026. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coelacanth &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Chapter navigation with TOC|Chapter Three|Chapter Five|TOC mini}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
{{bookcat}}</text>
      <sha1>o8cvbkqwwzhq7g3mv4sbgo84lzvf3ga</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4680559</id>
      <parentid>4680558</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T19:28:07Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>3MMPEYTON</username>
        <id>3393808</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4680559</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4416" sha1="1tbiu4a7uhsfuoji533ngdq1l6ztdg3" xml:space="preserve">== Monsters And Science ==

[[File:Architeuthis dux specimen F 88555.jpg|thumb|Architeuthis dux specimen F 88555]]
Science has confirmed the existence of animals once thought to be mythical monsters. 

'''The Giant Squid:'''
The giant squid may have been mistaken for the Kraken, a mythical monster early mariners believed had the power to shipwreck an entire ship! &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
[[File:Colossal octopus by Pierre Denys de Montfort.jpg|thumb|The Kraken]]
The giant squid was formally named by Japetus Steenstrup, a Danish zoologist in 1856. Previously, whenever body parts washed up ashore, they were attributed to the Kraken. [1] &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt; 
In 1753, in ''The Natural History of Norway'' by Erik Pontoppidan, the Kraken was brought to popular attention. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
Sailors claimed to have encountered monstrous sea creatures with tentacles so massive and powerful, they were able to embrace ships in their tentacles, dragging them under the sea to their doom. [1] &lt;br&gt;

&lt;br&gt;   
'''The Komodo Dragon:''' &lt;br&gt;
Western Scientist first recorded Komodo dragons in 1910.  The Komodo dragons are found only on the islands of Komodo, Rinca, Flores, Gili Dasami, and Gili Motang in Indonesia.  It is the largest species of lizard, with the males growing to a maximum length of 3 m (10 ft) and weighing up to 150 kg (330 lb). [2] &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
[[File:At Chester Zoo 2023 019 - Komodo Dragon (cropped).jpg|thumb|At Chester Zoo 2023 019 - Komodo Dragon (cropped)]][[File:WingedDragon.jpg|thumb|dragon illustration from old book]]

The people on the islands where the Komodo dragons are found, have shared stories and myths for centuries. The Komodo dragon is more than just a lizard, it is a protector, and even a spiritual ancestor to the people. One popular myth associated with Komodo dragons is the story of Putri Naga, the Dragon Princess, a woman who became pregnant with twins, one was born a human boy, the other a dragon child named Ora. A protective attitude has developed between the island people and the Komodo dragons, in part because they are viewed not as animals, but as distant kin. [3] &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
The Komodo dragons are seen as the spiritual guardians of their land. They are its protectors and are believed to possess special powers against evil. They bring good luck to the people who respect them. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
'''Queston:''' Are Komodo dragons descendants of dinosaurs? &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
'''Answer:''' No. They are close to the order Squamata (snakes and lizards). Dinosaurs belong to the order '''Archosauria''', a group that includes crocodiles and modern birds. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
'''The Coelacanth:''' &lt;br&gt;
A prehistoric fish, well-represented in freshwater and marine deposits from as early as the Devonian period (more than 410 million years ago), it was thought to have become extinct in the Late Cretaceous, around 66 million years ago, until it was caught alive in 1938. [4] &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;

This former cryptid, may have existed alongside the T-Rex! The discovery of this ancient fish directly inspired Hollywood's creation of the Gill-man in the classic monster movie ''Creature from the Black Lagoon'' in 1954. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt; 
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+ 
|-
! Pre-historic fish !! Gill-Man
|-
| [[File:201704 Coelacanth.svg|thumb|Coelacanth]] || [[File:Ginger Stanley in the grip of the Gill-Man for promo still at Silver Springs.jpg|thumb|Ginger Stanley in the grip of the Gill-Man for promo still at Silver Springs]]
|}
&lt;br&gt;
Currently, there is no credible peer-reviewed scientific evidence supporting the existence of mythological or popular monsters. What people call &quot;monsters&quot; are usually a combination of folklore, deliberate hoaxes, misidentified known animals, or real animal species that were discovered in the modern era. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
==== Reference: ====
1. Estep, Richard. Monsters: Myths, Legends, and Real Encounters. Visible Ink Press, 2026 &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
2. &quot;Komodo dragon.&quot; Wikipedia. Wikimedia foundation, November 4, 2026. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komodo_dragon &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
3. Komodo Dragon Mythology and Folklore: Unearthing the Legends of Flores and Beyond. November 11, 2026, https://www.komodoislandtour.com/komodo-dragon-mythology-and-folklore.html &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
4. &quot;Coelacanth.&quot; Wikipedia. Wikimedia foundation, November 1, 2026. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coelacanth &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Chapter navigation with TOC|Chapter Three|Questions And Answers|TOC mini}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
{{bookcat}}</text>
      <sha1>1tbiu4a7uhsfuoji533ngdq1l6ztdg3</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>User:Yashh011/sandbox</title>
    <ns>2</ns>
    <id>486954</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4680490</id>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T17:00:51Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Yashh011</username>
        <id>3630617</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;== Bringing Artificial Intelligence to Microcontrollers ==&quot;</comment>
      <origin>4680490</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="58" sha1="7ywzkjur83m66r8hsfp52n6b5wd6uw8" xml:space="preserve">== Bringing Artificial Intelligence to Microcontrollers ==</text>
      <sha1>7ywzkjur83m66r8hsfp52n6b5wd6uw8</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Bentley/VIN Codes</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>486955</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4680574</id>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T21:25:28Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>JustTheFacts33</username>
        <id>3434282</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;{{Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Warning}}{{clear}}  ==General Template for Bentley's VIN format (1981 - 2003)==  ===Bentley WMIs (Position 1-3)=== * SCB - Bentley passenger car  ===Line of Manufacture based on the chassis (Position 4)=== * Y - Corniche '81-'82 through serial# 5036 (Pos. 14-17) * Z - Corniche '82-'84 from serial# 5037 (Pos. 14-17), Continental convertible '85-'95, Mulsanne '81-'87, Mulsanne S '88-'92, Eight '87-'92,&lt;br&gt; Brooklands/Brooklands...&quot;</comment>
      <origin>4680574</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="6020" sha1="neenqjixtbd6b2jxxjmvuipgo712g7q" xml:space="preserve">{{Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Warning}}{{clear}}

==General Template for Bentley's VIN format (1981 - 2003)==

===Bentley WMIs (Position 1-3)===
* SCB - Bentley passenger car

===Line of Manufacture based on the chassis (Position 4)===
* Y - Corniche '81-'82 through serial# 5036 (Pos. 14-17)
* Z - Corniche '82-'84 from serial# 5037 (Pos. 14-17), Continental convertible '85-'95, Mulsanne '81-'87, Mulsanne S '88-'92, Eight '87-'92,&lt;br&gt; Brooklands/Brooklands R sedan '93-'98, Turbo R/Turbo RT '89-'98, Continental R/Continental SC/Continental T coupe, Azure convertible '96-'03
* L - Arnage '99-'09
* C - Brooklands coupe '09
* D - Azure convertible '06-'10

===Model Type (Position 5)===
* D (following Y) - Corniche 2-d convertible '81-'82 through serial# 5036 (Pos. 14-17)

* B (following Z) - Continental R coupe
* C (following Z) - Continental Turbo 2-d convertible '95
* D (following Z) - Corniche 2-d convertible '82-'84 from serial# 5037 (Pos. 14-17), Continental convertible '85-'95
* E (following Z) - Eight, Brooklands, Brooklands R SWB 4-d sedan '
* F (following Z) - Brooklands, Brooklands R LWB 4-d sedan
* K (following Z) - Azure 2-d convertible '06-'10
* N (following Z) - Mulsanne, Mulsanne S LWB 4-d sedan
* S (following Z) - Mulsanne, Mulsanne S SWB 4-d sedan
* P (following Z) - Turbo RL '92-'97, Turbo RT '98-'99 LWB 4-d sedan
* R (following Z) - Turbo R '89-'97 4-d sedan
* U (following Z) - Continental T coupe
* Z (following Z) - Continental SC coupe

* V (following Z) - Silver Spur Park Ward Limousine '96-'99 [24-in. stretch between front &amp; rear doors]
* Y (following Z) - Silver Spur Division by Park Ward '98-'99 (&amp; outside US: '97), Silver Spur Non-Division by Park Ward '98 [14-in. stretch between front &amp; rear doors. Division has glass divider between front &amp; rear seats. Non-Division does not have glass divider between front &amp; rear seats.]

* B (following L) - Arnage, Arnage Green Label SWB 4-d sedan
* C (following L) - Arnage Red Label, Arnage R SWB 4-d sedan
* E (following L) - Arnage LWB, Arnage RL (LWB 4-d sedan)
* F (following L) - Arnage T SWB 4-d sedan

* C (following C) - Brooklands coupe '09

* C (following D) - Azure convertible '06-'09, Azure T convertible '10 

===Engine Type (Position 6-7):===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+Position 6-7
|-
! VIN !! Size !! Type !! Fuel !! Valvetrain !! Engine Family/Notes/Applications
|-
| 42 || 6.8L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||Bosch K-Jetronic MPI. Catalytic converter. [[w:Rolls-Royce–Bentley L-series V8 engine|Rolls-Royce L-series V8 engine]].&lt;br&gt; '81-Mid '87 Silver Spirit, Silver Spur, Camargue, Corniche through serial# 16968 (Pos. 13-17).
|-
| 02 || 6.8L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||Bosch MPI. Catalytic converter. [[w:Rolls-Royce–Bentley L-series V8 engine|Rolls-Royce L-series V8 engine]]. L410I.&lt;br&gt; Mid '87-'95 Silver Spirit, Silver Spur, Corniche from serial# 20001 (Pos. 13-17), Silver Dawn '95.
|-
| 03 || 6.8L || V8 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas ||OHV||Bosch Motronic M 3.3 MPI. Catalytic converter. [[w:Rolls-Royce–Bentley L-series V8 engine|Rolls-Royce L-series V8 engine]]. L410MTKR.&lt;br&gt; Turbo R '89-'95, Turbo RL '92-'95, Continental Turbo convertible '95, Continental R coupe '93-'95.
|-
| 11 || 6.8L || V8 || Gas ||OHV||Zytek ECU w/OBD-II. MPI. Catalytic converter. [[w:Rolls-Royce–Bentley L-series V8 engine|Rolls-Royce L-series V8 engine]]. L410MN2T.&lt;br&gt; Silver Spirit '96, Silver Spur '96, Silver Dawn '96-'97.
|-
| 14 || 6.8L || V8 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas ||OHV||Zytek ECU w/OBD-II. MPI. Catalytic converter. [[w:Rolls-Royce–Bentley L-series V8 engine|Rolls-Royce L-series V8 engine]]. L410MT2T.&lt;br&gt; Turbo R '96-'97, Turbo RL '96-'97, Turbo R SE '96, Continental R '96-'00, Azure '96-'00
|-
| 19 || 6.8L || V8 Turbo || Gas ||OHV||Light-pressure turbo. Zytek ECU w/OBD-II. MPI. Catalytic converter. [[w:Rolls-Royce–Bentley L-series V8 engine|Rolls-Royce L-series V8 engine]]. L410MT2V.&lt;br&gt; Silver Spur '97-'99.
|-
| 22 || 6.8L || V8 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas ||OHV||Zytek ECU w/OBD-II. MPI. Catalytic converter. [[w:Rolls-Royce–Bentley L-series V8 engine|Rolls-Royce L-series V8 engine]]. L410MT2T/S. 400 hp.&lt;br&gt; Continental T '97, Continental SC '99-'00, Turbo RT '98-'99
|-
| 22 || 6.8L || V8 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas ||OHV||Zytek ECU w/OBD-II. MPI. Catalytic converter. [[w:Rolls-Royce–Bentley L-series V8 engine|Rolls-Royce L-series V8 engine]]. L410MT2W. 420 hp.&lt;br&gt; Continental R Millennium Edition '00
|-
| 25 || 6.8L || V8 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas ||OHV||Zytek ECU w/OBD-II. MPI. Catalytic converter. [[w:Rolls-Royce–Bentley L-series V8 engine|Rolls-Royce L-series V8 engine]]. L410MT2W. 420 hp.&lt;br&gt; Continental T '98-'99, '01-'02, Continental R Symbolic DLE by Mulliner '98, Continental R Mulliner '99-'00, '02, Continental R 420 '01, Turbo RT Mulliner '98-'99
|-
| 29 || 6.8L || V8 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas ||OHV||Light-pressure turbo. Zytek ECU w/OBD-II. MPI. Catalytic converter. [[w:Rolls-Royce–Bentley L-series V8 engine|Rolls-Royce L-series V8 engine]]. L410MT2T/R.&lt;br&gt; Corniche ('00-'02).
|-
| 51 || 4.4L || V8 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas ||DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 32 valve||MPI. BMW M62B44 V8 engine. Arnage '99
|}
DLE=Dealer Limited Edition

===Restraint System (Position 8):===
* A = Active (Manual) seat belts
* B = Passive (Motorized) Front Shoulder Belts, Active (Manual) Front Lap Belts ('88)
* D = Manual seat belts, Driver-side airbag ('90-'93)
* C = Manual seat belts, Dual front airbags ('94-'98)
* E = Manual seat belts w/front seatbelt pretensioners, Dual front airbags ('99-'02)

===Check Digit/Gearbox (Position 9)===
* USA /Canada [[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Check digit|Check digit]]

===Model Year Code (Position 10)===
''See: [[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Model year]]''

===Plant Codes (Position 11)===
* C - Pyms Lane plant, Crewe, Cheshire, England, UK

===Position of Steering Wheel (Position 12):===
* X = LHD
* H = RHD

===Positions 13–17, Serial Number===

{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>neenqjixtbd6b2jxxjmvuipgo712g7q</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Talk:On 2D Inverse Problems/Rotation</title>
    <ns>1</ns>
    <id>486958</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4680585</id>
      <timestamp>2026-11-06T23:07:26Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>DVD206</username>
        <id>724793</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* New volume */ new section</comment>
      <origin>4680585</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="215" sha1="ha8fe8m7jxoic6evfonvdr852qhe303" xml:space="preserve">== New volume ==
The specific and general circular response and continued fractions... [[User:DVD206|DVD206]] ([[User talk:DVD206|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/DVD206|contribs]]) 23:07, 6 November 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>ha8fe8m7jxoic6evfonvdr852qhe303</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>User:Rakshit0004/sandbox</title>
    <ns>2</ns>
    <id>486959</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4680619</id>
      <timestamp>2026-11-07T04:42:52Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Rakshit0004</username>
        <id>3630671</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;== SMD Inductor ==&quot;</comment>
      <origin>4680619</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="18" sha1="t3sfst72zmotn7q7h8yfk6ejtkdggju" xml:space="preserve">== SMD Inductor ==</text>
      <sha1>t3sfst72zmotn7q7h8yfk6ejtkdggju</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>User:Agamjotsinghsachdeva/sandbox/Rise of AI</title>
    <ns>2</ns>
    <id>486960</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4680620</id>
      <timestamp>2026-11-07T04:54:05Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Agamjotsinghsachdeva</username>
        <id>3630672</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>just stared</comment>
      <origin>4680620</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="17" sha1="mahilktnq6ovtqa6c5b33wpmizpdwmx" xml:space="preserve">This is about ai.</text>
      <sha1>mahilktnq6ovtqa6c5b33wpmizpdwmx</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>User:User-jagan/sandbox</title>
    <ns>2</ns>
    <id>486961</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4680627</id>
      <timestamp>2026-11-07T06:21:10Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>User-jagan</username>
        <id>3629883</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>created</comment>
      <origin>4680627</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="17" sha1="chc4gd5t88trez73i2z1jzosx8mt9n6" xml:space="preserve">== JETSON NANO ==</text>
      <sha1>chc4gd5t88trez73i2z1jzosx8mt9n6</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>User talk:ImPratyush03/Embedded System and Microcontrollers</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>486962</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4680628</id>
      <timestamp>2026-11-07T06:22:59Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-58860-00</username>
        <id>3630678</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;Abc&quot;</comment>
      <origin>4680628</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3" sha1="gz7e9tmp90sazw41mw34u94mw8x6vw2" xml:space="preserve">Abc</text>
      <sha1>gz7e9tmp90sazw41mw34u94mw8x6vw2</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>User:ImPratyush03/Embedded System and Microcontrollers</title>
    <ns>2</ns>
    <id>486963</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4680629</id>
      <timestamp>2026-11-07T06:43:34Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ImPratyush03</username>
        <id>3630601</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>first publish</comment>
      <origin>4680629</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="14524" sha1="4wwous75n19ag2251e0vfnp2rnwcls4" xml:space="preserve">{{User sandbox}}
{{Short description|Computers built into larger devices, and the single-chip computers that usually run them}}

An '''embedded system''' is a computer that sits inside a larger device and does one particular job, such as running the anti-lock brakes of a car or the wash cycle of a washing machine.&lt;ref name=&quot;heath&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last=Heath |first=Steve |title=Embedded Systems Design |edition=2 |publisher=Newnes |year=2003 |isbn=978-0-7506-5546-0}}&lt;/ref&gt; The user usually never sees it as a computer at all. Most modern embedded systems are built around a '''microcontroller''' (MCU), a small computer on a single integrated circuit that combines a processor core, memory and programmable input/output peripherals.&lt;ref name=&quot;barr&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last1=Barr |first1=Michael |last2=Massa |first2=Anthony J. |title=Programming Embedded Systems: With C and GNU Development Tools |publisher=O'Reilly |year=2006 |isbn=978-0-596-00983-0}}&lt;/ref&gt;

This page describes how embedded systems and microcontrollers developed, what is inside a typical microcontroller, how the software for them is organised, and how a recent field, running machine-learning models directly on microcontrollers, has changed what these small chips are used for.

== Characteristics ==
[[File:Arduino-uno-perspective.jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|An Arduino Uno board, whose ATmega328P microcontroller is the large chip on the left.]]
A personal computer is built to run whatever the user installs. An embedded system is built to do one thing well. Its software, usually called firmware, is written for that single task and is stored in flash or read-only memory rather than on a disk. Many embedded systems have no keyboard or screen, and some must react to events within a fixed time limit because a late response could be unsafe or make the product unusable.

Embedded systems are often only one part of a bigger machine. A car contains dozens of them, each responsible for a small function, and the car's overall purpose is simply to get people from one place to another.

Cost is a strong driver of design. Putting memory and peripherals on the same chip as the processor makes that chip a little more expensive, but it normally lowers the price of the finished product, since the circuit board is smaller and has fewer parts to assemble and test.&lt;ref name=&quot;heath&quot;/&gt; This is the main reason microcontrollers moved into appliances, toys, cars and tools.

== History ==
[[File:Intel 8742 153056995.jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|Die of an Intel 8742, an 8-bit microcontroller with a CPU, 128 bytes of RAM and 2048 bytes of EPROM on one chip.]]
The Apollo Guidance Computer, developed at the MIT Instrumentation Laboratory in the 1960s, was one of the first computers built from integrated circuits, and it is often cited as an early example of an embedded system.&lt;ref name=&quot;apollo&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=1962: Aerospace systems are the first applications for ICs in computers |url=https://www.computerhistory.org/siliconengine/aerospace-systems-are-the-first-applications-for-ics-in-computers/ |website=The Silicon Engine |publisher=Computer History Museum |access-date=2026-11-07}}&lt;/ref&gt; The first single-chip microprocessor, the Intel 4004, followed in 1971, but a working system built around it still needed separate memory and support chips.&lt;ref name=&quot;intel4004&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=1971: Microprocessor Integrates CPU Function onto a Single Chip |url=https://www.computerhistory.org/siliconengine/microprocessor-integrates-cpu-function-onto-a-single-chip/ |website=The Silicon Engine |publisher=Computer History Museum |access-date=2026-11-07}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Texas Instruments engineers Gary Boone and Michael Cochran are credited with the first microcontroller, the TMS 1000, which put memory, processor and clock on one chip and went on sale in 1974.&lt;ref name=&quot;augarten&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last=Augarten |first=Stan |chapter=The Most Widely Used Computer on a Chip: The TMS 1000 |title=State of the Art: A Photographic History of the Integrated Circuit |location=New Haven and New York |publisher=Ticknor &amp; Fields |year=1983 |isbn=978-0-89919-195-9}}&lt;/ref&gt; Intel answered with the 8048, whose first commercial parts shipped in 1977; it later ended up inside well over a billion PC keyboards.&lt;ref name=&quot;i8048&quot;&gt;{{citation |title=Oral History Panel on the Development and Promotion of the Intel 8048 Microcontroller |publisher=Computer History Museum |year=2008}}&lt;/ref&gt; In the same decade Japanese manufacturers began using 4-bit microcontrollers for car features such as wipers, locks and entertainment systems, and 8-bit ones for engine control.&lt;ref name=&quot;japan&quot;&gt;{{citation |title=Trends in the Semiconductor Industry |publisher=Semiconductor History Museum of Japan}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Reprogramming was the next obstacle. Early parts used mask ROM, or EPROM that had to be erased with ultraviolet light through a quartz window in the package. In 1993 Microchip's PIC16C84 brought electrically erasable EEPROM to low-cost microcontrollers, which made quick prototyping and in-system programming practical.&lt;ref name=&quot;pic&quot;&gt;{{cite magazine |title=Chip Hall of Fame: Microchip Technology PIC 16C84 Microcontroller |magazine=IEEE Spectrum |date=2017-06-30}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Inside a microcontroller ==
A typical microcontroller contains a processor core, working memory, program memory, a clock source, and a set of peripherals that connect it to the outside world. Cores range from small 4-bit designs to 32-bit and 64-bit processors. Because everything is on one die, the chip often has no external memory bus, so it can come in a package with far fewer pins than a separate processor would need.

Some microcontrollers use a Harvard architecture, with separate buses for instructions and data so that both can be fetched at the same time. Their instruction sets also tend to include operations for testing and setting individual bits, which lets control programs be shorter than they would be on a general-purpose processor.&lt;ref name=&quot;harris&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last1=Harris |first1=David |last2=Harris |first2=Sarah |title=Digital Design and Computer Architecture |edition=2 |publisher=Morgan Kaufmann |year=2012 |isbn=978-0-12-394424-5}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Memory ===
Microcontrollers use two kinds of memory: read/write memory for temporary data, and non-volatile memory that keeps the program when the power is off. The main program-memory technologies, roughly in order of appearance, are summarised below.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+ Program memory in microcontrollers
! Type !! How it is programmed !! Notes
|-
| Mask ROM || At the factory, as part of chip manufacture || Cheap for very large runs; the program can never change
|-
| OTP / PROM || Once, by the user || Same silicon as EPROM, in a cheaper opaque package
|-
| EPROM || Erased by ultraviolet light through a quartz window || Needed ceramic packages, so it cost more; used for prototyping
|-
| EEPROM || Erased and rewritten electrically || Allowed in-system reprogramming from the 1990s
|-
| Flash || Erased and rewritten electrically in blocks || Used in most current parts
|}

=== Peripherals ===
Peripherals take work away from the processor. General-purpose input/output (GPIO) pins can be set in software to read a sensor or drive a device such as an LED. An analog-to-digital converter (ADC) turns sensor voltages into numbers the processor can use, and some chips also have a digital-to-analog converter. Timers count clock cycles and can raise an interrupt at fixed intervals, while pulse-width modulation (PWM) blocks control motors and power converters without keeping the processor busy. Serial blocks such as UART, I²C and SPI handle communication with other chips.&lt;ref name=&quot;barr&quot;/&gt;

=== Interrupts and low power ===
Embedded programs have to respond to the real world on time. An interrupt lets a peripheral, for example a button press or a finished ADC conversion, pause the running code and start a short handler routine, after which the original code resumes. Designers pay close attention to interrupt latency, meaning how long the response takes and how predictable that time is, because predictability matters more than raw speed in control tasks.

Interrupts also save power. A battery-powered device can put the processor to sleep and let a peripheral wake it only when something happens, so that long stretches pass at very low power consumption.&lt;ref name=&quot;barr&quot;/&gt;

== Software ==
Microcontrollers were first programmed in assembly language. Today C is the most common choice, and higher-level languages such as C++, Python and JavaScript are also used on suitable devices.&lt;ref name=&quot;barr&quot;/&gt; Vendors usually supply free compilers and debuggers, and many chips include built-in debug circuitry that connects to a development PC through a standard interface such as JTAG.

Firmware is usually organised in one of a few ways:
* a '''simple control loop''', where the program repeatedly checks inputs and calls the routines that handle them;
* an '''interrupt-driven''' design, where short handlers respond to events and the main loop does background work;
* '''cooperative multitasking''', where tasks voluntarily pass control to one another;
* '''preemptive multitasking''' under a real-time operating system (RTOS), which switches between tasks on a timer and lets each be given a priority.

Larger products tend to move down this list as they grow. A real-time operating system takes over the scheduling, so that application programmers can focus on what the device is supposed to do, although choosing one early limits later options.&lt;ref name=&quot;barr&quot;/&gt;

== Reliability ==
Many embedded systems are expected to run for years without anyone touching them. A common safeguard is the watchdog timer, a hardware counter that resets the system unless the software keeps resetting the counter in time, so a program that hangs will restart itself.&lt;ref name=&quot;barr&quot;/&gt; Coding standards also help. The MISRA C guidelines, written for the automotive industry, advise against practices that commonly cause run-time faults and are now widely used in safety-related firmware.&lt;ref name=&quot;misra&quot;&gt;{{citation |author=Motor Industry Software Reliability Association |title=MISRA C:2012 |edition=Third Edition, First Revision}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Applications ==
Embedded systems appear in almost every area of equipment. In the home they run microwave ovens, washing machines, thermostats and remote controls. In vehicles they control engines, braking, stability and airbags. Medical devices use them for monitoring and imaging, factories use them in programmable logic controllers and robots, and communication equipment such as routers relies on them to move data. Tiny wireless sensor nodes that run on a battery for long periods are another important case.

== Machine learning on microcontrollers ==
From the late 2010s, a growing number of microcontroller projects have run small neural networks on the device itself instead of sending sensor data to a server. The practice is commonly called [[TinyML]]. The attraction is practical: classifying data where it is collected reduces the delay and the energy cost of radio communication, and the device keeps working when the network does not.&lt;ref name=&quot;cmsis&quot;&gt;{{cite arXiv |last1=Lai |first1=Liangzhen |last2=Suda |first2=Naveen |last3=Chandra |first3=Vikas |title=CMSIS-NN: Efficient Neural Network Kernels for Arm Cortex-M CPUs |year=2018 |eprint=1801.06601 |class=cs.NE}}&lt;/ref&gt; The authors of one widely cited framework noted an industry estimate of more than 250 billion microcontrollers in use as of 2020, which is a large installed base for this kind of software.&lt;ref name=&quot;tflm&quot;&gt;{{cite conference |last1=David |first1=Robert |display-authors=etal |title=TensorFlow Lite Micro: Embedded Machine Learning for TinyML Systems |conference=Proceedings of Machine Learning and Systems 3 (MLSys 2021) |year=2021 |url=https://proceedings.mlsys.org/paper_files/paper/2021/hash/6c44dc73014d66ba49b28d483a8f8b0d-Abstract.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;

The hardware limits are tight. The Arduino Nano 33 BLE Sense, for instance, has a 64&amp;nbsp;MHz Arm Cortex-M4F core, 1&amp;nbsp;MB of flash and 256&amp;nbsp;KB of RAM.&lt;ref name=&quot;nano&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Arduino Nano 33 BLE Sense (ABX00035) datasheet |url=https://datasheets.ibselectronics.com/ABX00035-Arduino-datasheet-165884340.pdf |access-date=2026-11-07}}&lt;/ref&gt; Networks are normally trained with 32-bit floating-point numbers, but inference rarely needs that precision, so models are converted to 8-bit or 16-bit integers before deployment. This also suits parts that have no floating-point unit.&lt;ref name=&quot;cmsis&quot;/&gt;

Software support has grown to match. Arm's CMSIS-NN library supplies optimized neural-network routines for Cortex-M processors, and its authors reported a 4.6-fold gain in speed and a 4.9-fold gain in energy efficiency on an image-classification network.&lt;ref name=&quot;cmsis&quot;/&gt; TensorFlow Lite Micro takes a different route, using an interpreter so that one model format can run across many different microcontrollers.&lt;ref name=&quot;tflm&quot;/&gt; Early work on [[keyword spotting]] on microcontrollers, the kind of task behind voice wake-up features, was published by Arm researchers in 2017.&lt;ref name=&quot;hello&quot;&gt;{{cite arXiv |last1=Zhang |first1=Yundong |last2=Suda |first2=Naveen |last3=Lai |first3=Liangzhen |last4=Chandra |first4=Vikas |title=Hello Edge: Keyword Spotting on Microcontrollers |year=2017 |eprint=1711.07128 |class=cs.SD}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Comparing results across such different devices is hard, so in 2021 the MLCommons consortium released MLPerf Tiny, which its authors describe as the first industry-standard benchmark suite for ultra-low-power machine learning. It measures accuracy, latency and energy on four tasks: keyword spotting, visual wake words, image classification and anomaly detection.&lt;ref name=&quot;mlperf&quot;&gt;{{cite arXiv |last1=Banbury |first1=Colby |last2=Reddi |first2=Vijay Janapa |display-authors=etal |title=MLPerf Tiny Benchmark |year=2021 |eprint=2106.07597 |class=cs.LG}}&lt;/ref&gt; The benchmark models are small, typically 100&amp;nbsp;kB or less.&lt;ref name=&quot;hpcwire&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=MLCommons Releases MLPerf Tiny Inference Benchmark |url=https://www.hpcwire.com/off-the-wire/mlcommons-releases-mlperf-tiny-inference-benchmark/ |website=HPCwire |date=2021-06-16 |access-date=2026-11-07}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== See also ==
* [[Microprocessor]]
* [[System on a chip]]
* [[Real-time operating system]]
* [[Internet of things]]
* [[Programmable logic controller]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Embedded systems]]
[[Category:Microcontrollers]]</text>
      <sha1>4wwous75n19ag2251e0vfnp2rnwcls4</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>User:Bojja Mahesh Yadav/sandbox/Purpose of mobile towers</title>
    <ns>2</ns>
    <id>486964</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4680630</id>
      <timestamp>2026-11-07T07:23:12Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Bojja Mahesh Yadav</username>
        <id>3629813</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>mobile tower essential in today communication</comment>
      <origin>4680630</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="965" sha1="ldbm1qu5gx6elv0b72wcu7icji20sui" xml:space="preserve">==Mobile Towers are essential to today's communication systems Understanding how they function is vital to our daily lives==

Smartphones have grown into a necessity in today's fast-moving and connected digital environment. Smartphones are used for everything from phone calls, to video streaming, to internet browsing, to instant messaging. All of these functions require reliable wireless connections. Have you ever thought about how your smartphone transmits data over vast distances? This is accomplished through those tall, skinny steel structures that can be found throughout the skyline; mobile towers.
&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=How Mobile Networks Are Built |url=https://amta.org.au/mobile-network-technology/how-mobile-networks-are-built/ |publisher=Australian Mobile Telecommunications Association}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:Mobile tower in fields in Punjab.jpg|thumb|right|300px|A mobile communication tower in Punjab, India. Photograph by Sahil Dhiman, CC BY-SA 4.0.]]</text>
      <sha1>ldbm1qu5gx6elv0b72wcu7icji20sui</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>User:SandeepLPU/sandbox</title>
    <ns>2</ns>
    <id>486965</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4680636</id>
      <timestamp>2026-11-07T08:40:36Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>SandeepLPU</username>
        <id>3626630</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created new page on impulsive noise, still i have to do some work.</comment>
      <origin>4680636</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2059" sha1="dvt9u45nffwozd5nfh4y6cln8jlgslo" xml:space="preserve">'''ఆకస్మిక శబ్దం''' (ఇంగ్లీష్‌లో ''Impulsive Noise'') అంటే సమాచారం ఒక చోటి నుండి మరో చోటికి వెళ్లేటప్పుడు, అకస్మాత్తుగా వచ్చి, చాలా తక్కువ సమయం మాత్రమే ఉండి, చాలా పెద్ద బలంతో సిగ్నల్‌ను పాడుచేసే అవాంఛిత సంకేతం.

== ఆకస్మిక శబ్దం అంటే ఏమిటి ==
ఒక తరగతి గదిని ఊహించుకోండి. విద్యార్థులు నెమ్మదిగా మాట్లాడుకుంటున్న చిన్న గుసగుసలు గదిలో ఎప్పుడూ వినిపిస్తూనే ఉంటాయి. ఇది నిరంతరం ఉండే తక్కువ స్థాయి శబ్దం. దీన్ని ''గాస్సియన్ శబ్దం'' అని పోల్చవచ్చు. కానీ ఎవరో ఒక ఇనుప పళ్లెం నేలపై పడేస్తే, ఒక్క క్షణం పెద్ద శబ్దం వచ్చి వెంటనే ఆగిపోతుంది. ఆ సమయంలో టీచర్ చెప్పే మాట ఎవరికీ వినిపించదు. ఆకస్మిక శబ్దం ఇలాంటిదే.

ఈ శబ్దం యొక్క ముఖ్య లక్షణాలు:
* ఇది చాలా తక్కువ సమయం ఉంటుంది.
* దాని బలం (amplitude) సాధారణ సిగ్నల్ కంటే చాలా ఎక్కువగా ఉంటుంది.
* ఎప్పుడు వస్తుందో ముందే చెప్పలేం. కొన్నిసార్లు క్రమం తప్పకుండా కూడా రావచ్చు.</text>
      <sha1>dvt9u45nffwozd5nfh4y6cln8jlgslo</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>User:Chinmaysg19/sandbox</title>
    <ns>2</ns>
    <id>486966</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4680646</id>
      <timestamp>2026-11-07T11:01:27Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Chinmaysg19</username>
        <id>3630033</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;my name is chinmay&quot;</comment>
      <origin>4680646</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="18" sha1="eibrc7kdgeajhe9kv4fxuztkio8oslv" xml:space="preserve">my name is chinmay</text>
      <sha1>eibrc7kdgeajhe9kv4fxuztkio8oslv</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Learn &amp; Earn/Why Learning Matters</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>486967</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4680647</id>
      <timestamp>2026-11-07T11:02:10Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Raqeem.global</username>
        <id>3616851</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;{{Chapter heading|Chapter 1: Why Learning Matters}}  == Learning Objectives == By the end of this chapter, the reader should be able to: * explain why continuous learning is necessary in a changing economy; * distinguish between information and usable knowledge; * describe the relationship between knowledge and action in Islamic thought.  == 1.1 Learning as a Lifelong Process == Human beings are born with very few instincts and an unusually high capacity to learn. Unlike...&quot;</comment>
      <origin>4680647</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3911" sha1="pwime4rp8uev5faa8zb9ucjfdajlo98" xml:space="preserve">{{Chapter heading|Chapter 1: Why Learning Matters}}

== Learning Objectives ==
By the end of this chapter, the reader should be able to:
* explain why continuous learning is necessary in a changing economy;
* distinguish between information and usable knowledge;
* describe the relationship between knowledge and action in Islamic thought.

== 1.1 Learning as a Lifelong Process ==
Human beings are born with very few instincts and an unusually high capacity to learn. Unlike many animals, a human infant cannot walk or feed itself and depends on others for years. This extended period of dependence allows the brain to develop language, pattern recognition, and reasoning.

The capacity to learn is not automatic in its results. A child deprived of language exposure will not develop speech normally, and an adult who stops learning new skills gradually loses adaptability. In an economy where technologies and job requirements change, the person who continues learning maintains more options than the person who does not.

{{TextBox|'''Key point:''' The question is not whether you will learn, but whether you will learn deliberately or by accident.}}

== 1.2 Information Is Not Knowledge ==
Modern media exposes people to far more information than earlier generations encountered, yet access to information has not produced proportional increases in understanding. Information consists of raw facts and messages. Knowledge is information that has been processed, connected to prior understanding, and made usable for decisions and action.

Consider two people who read the same manual on bicycle riding. The first memorises every sentence but never rides. The second reads once, then practises, falls, and adjusts. Only the second can actually ride. The first holds information; the second holds knowledge.

== 1.3 Knowledge and Action in Islamic Thought ==
Islamic sources consistently link knowledge with action. The Qur'an describes those who were entrusted with scripture but failed to act upon it with the simile of a donkey carrying books (Qur'an 62:5). The Prophet Muhammad is reported to have sought refuge from knowledge that brings no benefit (Sahih Muslim). Classical scholars such as Imam al-Shafi'i were known both for learning and for acting upon it.

This does not mean that every field of knowledge must have an immediate practical use. It means that beneficial knowledge is expected to shape conduct and benefit others.

== 1.4 The Cost of Passive Consumption ==
Reading, watching, and attending lectures can create a feeling of learning without producing durable skill. Research on retrieval practice shows that passive review is one of the least effective study methods; the same principle applies to consuming educational content without applying it.

== Exercises ==
# '''Information or knowledge?''' Choose a topic you follow online. Write three facts you know about it. Then write one thing you can *do* because of that knowledge. If you cannot, identify what practice would convert the facts into knowledge.
# '''Learning audit.''' List the ways you spent time learning last week. Mark each as active (practice, testing, producing) or passive (reading, watching without notes). What proportion was active?
# '''Beneficial knowledge.''' Identify one area of knowledge you believe would benefit your family or community if you learned it. Write two sentences explaining the benefit.

== Review Questions ==
# What distinguishes knowledge from information?
# Why does the Qur'anic simile of the donkey carrying books apply to learning without action?
# Name one reason passive review is less effective than active testing.

== Further Reading ==
* Roediger, H. L., &amp; Karpicke, J. D. (2006). &quot;Test-enhanced learning.&quot; *Psychological Science*.
* Cook, B. J. (2000). *Classical Foundations of Islamic Educational Thought*. (For the knowledge–action relationship in classical scholarship.)</text>
      <sha1>pwime4rp8uev5faa8zb9ucjfdajlo98</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4680648</id>
      <parentid>4680647</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-07T11:03:01Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Raqeem.global</username>
        <id>3616851</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4680648</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3910" sha1="28j4hfyjv8cqyypfz09tpb27jobz6vl" xml:space="preserve">{{Chapter heading|Chapter 1: Why Learning Matters}}
== Learning Objectives ==
By the end of this chapter, the reader should be able to:
* explain why continuous learning is necessary in a changing economy;
* distinguish between information and usable knowledge;
* describe the relationship between knowledge and action in Islamic thought.

== 1.1 Learning as a Lifelong Process ==
Human beings are born with very few instincts and an unusually high capacity to learn. Unlike many animals, a human infant cannot walk or feed itself and depends on others for years. This extended period of dependence allows the brain to develop language, pattern recognition, and reasoning.

The capacity to learn is not automatic in its results. A child deprived of language exposure will not develop speech normally, and an adult who stops learning new skills gradually loses adaptability. In an economy where technologies and job requirements change, the person who continues learning maintains more options than the person who does not.

{{TextBox|'''Key point:''' The question is not whether you will learn, but whether you will learn deliberately or by accident.}}

== 1.2 Information Is Not Knowledge ==
Modern media exposes people to far more information than earlier generations encountered, yet access to information has not produced proportional increases in understanding. Information consists of raw facts and messages. Knowledge is information that has been processed, connected to prior understanding, and made usable for decisions and action.

Consider two people who read the same manual on bicycle riding. The first memorises every sentence but never rides. The second reads once, then practises, falls, and adjusts. Only the second can actually ride. The first holds information; the second holds knowledge.

== 1.3 Knowledge and Action in Islamic Thought ==
Islamic sources consistently link knowledge with action. The Qur'an describes those who were entrusted with scripture but failed to act upon it with the simile of a donkey carrying books (Qur'an 62:5). The Prophet Muhammad is reported to have sought refuge from knowledge that brings no benefit (Sahih Muslim). Classical scholars such as Imam al-Shafi'i were known both for learning and for acting upon it.

This does not mean that every field of knowledge must have an immediate practical use. It means that beneficial knowledge is expected to shape conduct and benefit others.

== 1.4 The Cost of Passive Consumption ==
Reading, watching, and attending lectures can create a feeling of learning without producing durable skill. Research on retrieval practice shows that passive review is one of the least effective study methods; the same principle applies to consuming educational content without applying it.

== Exercises ==
# '''Information or knowledge?''' Choose a topic you follow online. Write three facts you know about it. Then write one thing you can *do* because of that knowledge. If you cannot, identify what practice would convert the facts into knowledge.
# '''Learning audit.''' List the ways you spent time learning last week. Mark each as active (practice, testing, producing) or passive (reading, watching without notes). What proportion was active?
# '''Beneficial knowledge.''' Identify one area of knowledge you believe would benefit your family or community if you learned it. Write two sentences explaining the benefit.

== Review Questions ==
# What distinguishes knowledge from information?
# Why does the Qur'anic simile of the donkey carrying books apply to learning without action?
# Name one reason passive review is less effective than active testing.

== Further Reading ==
* Roediger, H. L., &amp; Karpicke, J. D. (2006). &quot;Test-enhanced learning.&quot; *Psychological Science*.
* Cook, B. J. (2000). *Classical Foundations of Islamic Educational Thought*. (For the knowledge–action relationship in classical scholarship.)</text>
      <sha1>28j4hfyjv8cqyypfz09tpb27jobz6vl</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4680649</id>
      <parentid>4680648</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-07T11:06:31Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Raqeem.global</username>
        <id>3616851</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4680649</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3896" sha1="jh2zq31ew46ukwy9mdp61jw16tv7l9z" xml:space="preserve">== Chapter 1: Why Learning Matters ==
== Learning Objectives ==
By the end of this chapter, the reader should be able to:
* explain why continuous learning is necessary in a changing economy;
* distinguish between information and usable knowledge;
* describe the relationship between knowledge and action in Islamic thought.

== 1.1 Learning as a Lifelong Process ==
Human beings are born with very few instincts and an unusually high capacity to learn. Unlike many animals, a human infant cannot walk or feed itself and depends on others for years. This extended period of dependence allows the brain to develop language, pattern recognition, and reasoning.

The capacity to learn is not automatic in its results. A child deprived of language exposure will not develop speech normally, and an adult who stops learning new skills gradually loses adaptability. In an economy where technologies and job requirements change, the person who continues learning maintains more options than the person who does not.

{{TextBox|'''Key point:''' The question is not whether you will learn, but whether you will learn deliberately or by accident.}}

== 1.2 Information Is Not Knowledge ==
Modern media exposes people to far more information than earlier generations encountered, yet access to information has not produced proportional increases in understanding. Information consists of raw facts and messages. Knowledge is information that has been processed, connected to prior understanding, and made usable for decisions and action.

Consider two people who read the same manual on bicycle riding. The first memorises every sentence but never rides. The second reads once, then practises, falls, and adjusts. Only the second can actually ride. The first holds information; the second holds knowledge.

== 1.3 Knowledge and Action in Islamic Thought ==
Islamic sources consistently link knowledge with action. The Qur'an describes those who were entrusted with scripture but failed to act upon it with the simile of a donkey carrying books (Qur'an 62:5). The Prophet Muhammad is reported to have sought refuge from knowledge that brings no benefit (Sahih Muslim). Classical scholars such as Imam al-Shafi'i were known both for learning and for acting upon it.

This does not mean that every field of knowledge must have an immediate practical use. It means that beneficial knowledge is expected to shape conduct and benefit others.

== 1.4 The Cost of Passive Consumption ==
Reading, watching, and attending lectures can create a feeling of learning without producing durable skill. Research on retrieval practice shows that passive review is one of the least effective study methods; the same principle applies to consuming educational content without applying it.

== Exercises ==
# '''Information or knowledge?''' Choose a topic you follow online. Write three facts you know about it. Then write one thing you can *do* because of that knowledge. If you cannot, identify what practice would convert the facts into knowledge.
# '''Learning audit.''' List the ways you spent time learning last week. Mark each as active (practice, testing, producing) or passive (reading, watching without notes). What proportion was active?
# '''Beneficial knowledge.''' Identify one area of knowledge you believe would benefit your family or community if you learned it. Write two sentences explaining the benefit.

== Review Questions ==
# What distinguishes knowledge from information?
# Why does the Qur'anic simile of the donkey carrying books apply to learning without action?
# Name one reason passive review is less effective than active testing.

== Further Reading ==
* Roediger, H. L., &amp; Karpicke, J. D. (2006). &quot;Test-enhanced learning.&quot; *Psychological Science*.
* Cook, B. J. (2000). *Classical Foundations of Islamic Educational Thought*. (For the knowledge–action relationship in classical scholarship.)</text>
      <sha1>jh2zq31ew46ukwy9mdp61jw16tv7l9z</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Learn &amp; Earn/Learn How to Learn</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>486968</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4680650</id>
      <timestamp>2026-11-07T11:07:44Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Raqeem.global</username>
        <id>3616851</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;== Chapter 2: Learn How to Learn ==  == Learning Objectives == By the end of this chapter, the reader should be able to: * describe how memory is formed and strengthened; * apply active recall and spaced repetition to a chosen subject; * design a simple weekly study system.  == 2.1 A Working Model of Memory == Learning physically changes the brain by strengthening connections between neurons. A newly formed connection is weak; it strengthens through use. Memory is also r...&quot;</comment>
      <origin>4680650</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4296" sha1="lhok1eggocpv7i1pwd2blfyl4cqk2yu" xml:space="preserve">== Chapter 2: Learn How to Learn ==

== Learning Objectives ==
By the end of this chapter, the reader should be able to:
* describe how memory is formed and strengthened;
* apply active recall and spaced repetition to a chosen subject;
* design a simple weekly study system.

== 2.1 A Working Model of Memory ==
Learning physically changes the brain by strengthening connections between neurons. A newly formed connection is weak; it strengthens through use. Memory is also reconstructive: remembering is an act of rebuilding rather than replaying a recording, which is why memories can be distorted by context and expectation.

Forgetting is not a defect. The brain filters material it judges unimportant. Material becomes important through retrieval and use. This is the scientific basis for the techniques below.

== 2.2 Active Recall ==
Active recall means retrieving information from memory without looking at the source. Examples:
* closing a book and writing what you remember;
* answering practice questions from memory;
* using flashcards where you attempt the answer before turning the card.

In a well-known experiment, students who read a passage once and then tested themselves remembered more after one week than students who read the passage repeatedly (Roediger &amp; Karpicke, 2006). The testing group did not merely feel more confident; their measured retention was higher.

== 2.3 Spaced Repetition ==
Spaced repetition schedules reviews at increasing intervals. A typical starting schedule is one day, three days, one week, two weeks, and one month. Because forgetting is fastest immediately after learning, early reviews are frequent and later reviews become sparse.

{{TextBox|'''Combined method:''' Convert notes into questions, then schedule those questions using a spaced repetition schedule or a flashcard application.}}

== 2.4 Deliberate Practice — With a Caution ==
Deliberate practice, as described by Ericsson and colleagues (1993), involves focused effort on specific weaknesses, immediate feedback, and repetition beyond one's comfort zone. It remains a useful model for skill training.

However, later research has qualified the original claims. A meta-analysis (Macnamara, Hambrick &amp; Oswald, 2014) found that deliberate practice explained only part of the variation in performance across fields. A replication of the original study (Macnamara &amp; Maitra, 2019) did not reproduce the finding that accumulated practice almost perfectly predicted skill. Students should therefore treat deliberate practice as a valuable tool rather than a complete explanation of expertise.

== 2.5 A Simple Study System ==
# '''Define the outcome.''' State what you will be able to do after learning (e.g., &quot;solve quadratic equations of this type without notes&quot;).
# '''Gather one reliable source.''' Prefer a recognised textbook or course.
# '''Convert to questions.''' After each study session, write questions that test the material.
# '''Recall daily.''' Answer yesterday's questions from memory before starting new material.
# '''Space the reviews.''' Re-test each set at 3 days, 1 week, and 1 month.
# '''Apply.''' Use the material in a small project, problem set, or explanation to another person.
# '''Review weekly.''' Note which items you consistently fail and re-study only those.

== Exercises ==
# '''Question conversion.''' Take two pages of notes from any subject and convert them into ten questions.
# '''First review cycle.''' Answer those ten questions from memory today, again in three days, and again in one week. Record your scores.
# '''Practice audit.''' For a skill you are developing, write down the last three practice sessions. Were they focused on a specific weakness with feedback, or general repetition?

== Review Questions ==
# Why is testing yourself usually more effective than re-reading?
# What is the purpose of increasing the interval between reviews?
# What limitation of the deliberate practice model was identified by later research?

== Further Reading ==
* Roediger &amp; Karpicke (2006), *Psychological Science*.
* Cepeda et al. (2009), *Psychological Bulletin* (spacing effect).
* Macnamara, Hambrick &amp; Oswald (2014), *Psychological Science* (deliberate practice meta-analysis).
* Ericsson, Krampe &amp; Tesch-Römer (1993), *Psychological Review*.</text>
      <sha1>lhok1eggocpv7i1pwd2blfyl4cqk2yu</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Learn &amp; Earn/Becoming a Self-Educated Person</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>486969</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4680651</id>
      <timestamp>2026-11-07T11:10:58Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Raqeem.global</username>
        <id>3616851</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;== Chapter 3: Becoming a Self-Educated Person ==  == Learning Objectives == By the end of this chapter, the reader should be able to: * define self-education and distinguish it from formal schooling; * evaluate the reliability of an information source; * build a personal learning plan using books, mentors, and experience.  == 3.1 What Self-Education Is == Self-education means taking primary responsibility for one's own learning: identifying what must be learned, locating...&quot;</comment>
      <origin>4680651</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4108" sha1="im142zj597fmhhfv6823y8z5m8i4e4i" xml:space="preserve">== Chapter 3: Becoming a Self-Educated Person ==

== Learning Objectives ==
By the end of this chapter, the reader should be able to:
* define self-education and distinguish it from formal schooling;
* evaluate the reliability of an information source;
* build a personal learning plan using books, mentors, and experience.

== 3.1 What Self-Education Is ==
Self-education means taking primary responsibility for one's own learning: identifying what must be learned, locating reliable resources, and arranging practice and feedback. It does not require rejecting formal education. The two are complementary: formal study supplies structured foundations and credentials, while self-education supplies depth, currency, and practical application.

A self-educated person typically shows initiative, consults multiple sources, questions claims, applies what is learned, and continues learning beyond formal courses.

== 3.2 Learning from Books ==
Not all books are equally reliable. Before relying on a book:
* check the author's qualifications and field;
* check whether the publisher or reviewers are reputable;
* look for citations to primary research or primary texts;
* prefer works that acknowledge counterarguments and limitations.

Read actively: take notes, write questions, and summarise each chapter in your own words. Reading without retrieval produces weak retention (see Chapter 2).

== 3.3 Learning from Mentors and Experts ==
A mentor provides something a book cannot: feedback on your specific performance. When seeking a mentor, look for relevant experience, willingness to teach, honesty about your weaknesses, and a good personal example. Prepare specific questions, respect the mentor's time, and act on the advice given.

When following any expert, consider context. Advice appropriate to one market, culture, or era may not transfer directly to another.

== 3.4 Information Filtering ==
A practical checklist for evaluating any claim:
# '''Source:''' Who is making the claim, and what are their credentials?
# '''Evidence:''' What evidence is offered, and is it representative?
# '''Bias:''' What interests or commitments might shape the claim?
# '''Consensus:''' Do other qualified people in the field agree?
# '''Incentives:''' Is the source selling something or promoting a brand?
# '''Falsifiability:''' What evidence would show the claim to be wrong?

Be especially sceptical of promises of rapid, guaranteed wealth. Legitimate teachers describe conditions, risks, and limits.

== 3.5 Learning from Experience and Failure ==
Experience teaches effectively only when it is reflected upon. Keep a simple journal recording what you attempted, what happened, why it may have happened, and what you will change. Seek feedback from others involved, since people often cannot see their own errors.

The Prophet Muhammad is reported to have said that a believer is not stung from the same hole twice (Sahih al-Bukhari), which is commonly cited as an encouragement to learn from mistakes rather than repeat them.

== 3.6 A Personal Learning Plan ==
# '''Goal:''' State a specific capability you want within three months.
# '''Resources:''' Choose one primary book or course and one secondary source.
# '''Practice:''' Schedule at least 30 minutes of active practice five days a week.
# '''Feedback:''' Identify one person or method that will show you your errors.
# '''Review:''' Check progress weekly and adjust.

== Exercises ==
# '''Source audit.''' Take three sources you follow regularly and evaluate each using the checklist in 3.4.
# '''Learning plan.''' Write your own plan using the six steps in 3.6.
# '''Failure log.''' Record one recent mistake in the journal format above.

== Review Questions ==
# What is the difference between formal education and self-education?
# Name three indicators of a reliable source.
# Why is reflection necessary for learning from experience?

== Further Reading ==
* Newport, C. (2016). *Deep Work*. (For focused learning practice.)
* Paul, R., &amp; Elder, L. (2014). *Critical Thinking: Tools for Taking Charge of Your Professional and Personal Life*.</text>
      <sha1>im142zj597fmhhfv6823y8z5m8i4e4i</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Learn &amp; Earn/Choosing Your Direction</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>486970</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4680652</id>
      <timestamp>2026-11-07T11:12:02Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Raqeem.global</username>
        <id>3616851</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;== Chapter 4: Choosing Your Direction ==  == Learning Objectives == By the end of this chapter, the reader should be able to: * explain why &quot;finding your one true passion&quot; is an unreliable model; * evaluate a possible direction using interests, strengths, values, demand, and willingness to practise; * describe Islamic criteria for choosing a lawful and beneficial path.  == 4.1 The Problem with &quot;Following Your Passion&quot; == A common belief is that each person has one hidden...&quot;</comment>
      <origin>4680652</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3956" sha1="os00135v5g7717s1ollrdonekk0m11o" xml:space="preserve">== Chapter 4: Choosing Your Direction ==

== Learning Objectives ==
By the end of this chapter, the reader should be able to:
* explain why &quot;finding your one true passion&quot; is an unreliable model;
* evaluate a possible direction using interests, strengths, values, demand, and willingness to practise;
* describe Islamic criteria for choosing a lawful and beneficial path.

== 4.1 The Problem with &quot;Following Your Passion&quot; ==
A common belief is that each person has one hidden passion that, once discovered, will make work effortless and permanently satisfying. Research on career satisfaction suggests a different picture. In his study of workers in a range of fields, Cal Newport (2012) found that people who love their work tend to have first become highly skilled in it; competence often precedes and produces passion rather than the reverse.

This does not mean interests are irrelevant. It means that passion is better understood as something developed through engagement and mastery than as something that must be located before any commitment is made.

== 4.2 A Development Model ==
A practical sequence is:
'''Curiosity → Exploration → Practice → Skill → Competence → Confidence → Passion.'''

* '''Curiosity:''' a light interest that prompts exploration.
* '''Exploration:''' reading, talking to practitioners, trying small projects.
* '''Practice:''' regular, focused effort.
* '''Skill and competence:''' measurable ability, developed through feedback.
* '''Confidence:''' the result of demonstrated competence, not of encouragement alone.
* '''Passion:''' attachment to the work that grows from competence and meaningful contribution.

== 4.3 Criteria for Evaluating a Direction ==
# '''Interest:''' Do you find the subject engaging enough to sustain practice?
# '''Aptitude:''' What do you learn more quickly than average?
# '''Values:''' Does the path conflict with principles you hold?
# '''Demand:''' Are there people willing to pay for this work?
# '''Opportunity:''' Do you have access to the training, market, or resources required?
# '''Willingness to practise:''' Are you prepared for years, not weeks, of effort?
# '''Sustainability:''' Can the work be continued long-term without harm to family life or health?

== 4.4 Islamic Criteria ==
* '''Lawfulness:''' The work must be permissible (*halal*) in itself and in its method; trade in intoxicants, gambling, and interest-based finance, for example, is excluded.
* '''Benefit:''' The Prophet is reported to have said that the best people are those most beneficial to others (Al-Mu'jam al-Awsat). Benefit to family and community is a legitimate criterion.
* '''Honesty and trust:''' The path should allow you to deal honestly and fulfil contracts.
* '''Reliance on God with effort:''' The traditional teaching &quot;tie your camel and trust in Allah&quot; (Sunan al-Tirmidhi) summarises the balance of taking means and relying on God. Success is not guaranteed by effort alone.

== 4.5 Common Errors ==
* Waiting indefinitely for a moment of certainty before choosing anything.
* Choosing solely on the basis of income.
* Choosing solely on the basis of enjoyment without checking demand.
* Refusing to reconsider an initial choice when evidence suggests it is wrong.

== Exercises ==
# '''Curiosity list.''' Write ten subjects or activities that interest you. Circle the three you would be willing to practise for a year.
# '''Criteria table.''' Score one direction against the seven criteria in 4.3 on a scale of 1–5.
# '''Values check.''' List your five most important values and note which directions would conflict with them.

== Review Questions ==
# Why is passion often a result of competence rather than a precondition for it?
# What is the Islamic criterion of lawfulness, and why does it come before considerations of income?
# What does &quot;tie your camel and trust in Allah&quot; mean in practice?

== Further Reading ==
* Newport, C. (2012). *So Good They Can't Ignore You*.</text>
      <sha1>os00135v5g7717s1ollrdonekk0m11o</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Learn &amp; Earn/Building Valuable Skills</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>486971</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4680653</id>
      <timestamp>2026-11-07T11:12:55Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Raqeem.global</username>
        <id>3616851</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;== Chapter 5: Building Valuable Skills ==  == Learning Objectives == By the end of this chapter, the reader should be able to: * identify the difference between foundational, domain, and complementary skills; * prioritise skills according to a stated goal; * explain how combining skills increases value.  == 5.1 Skills versus Credentials == A certificate confirms completion of a course; a skill is demonstrated ability. Employers and customers ultimately pay for ability. C...&quot;</comment>
      <origin>4680653</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3187" sha1="ro24kgtxefyb3my7p6fboiufp4nzio2" xml:space="preserve">== Chapter 5: Building Valuable Skills ==

== Learning Objectives ==
By the end of this chapter, the reader should be able to:
* identify the difference between foundational, domain, and complementary skills;
* prioritise skills according to a stated goal;
* explain how combining skills increases value.

== 5.1 Skills versus Credentials ==
A certificate confirms completion of a course; a skill is demonstrated ability. Employers and customers ultimately pay for ability. Credentials can open doors, but they do not substitute for the capacity to perform. The market rewards demonstrated skill, which is why portfolios, references, and measurable results often matter more than certificates alone.

The Prophet is reported to have said, &quot;Allah loves that when one of you does a job, he does it with excellence&quot; (Al-Mu'jam al-Awsat), which is commonly cited as a basis for pursuing skill and quality in work.

== 5.2 Foundational Skills ==
These are useful in almost every field:
* '''Communication:''' writing clearly, speaking clearly, and listening accurately.
* '''Critical thinking:''' evaluating evidence and argument (see Chapter 3).
* '''Problem-solving:''' defining a problem and generating and testing solutions.
* '''Relationship-building:''' earning trust and cooperating with others.

These should be developed first because they make every other skill more effective.

== 5.3 Domain Skills ==
These are specific to a field: accounting, programming, carpentry, medicine, plumbing, and so on. They are developed through structured training and deliberate practice (Chapter 2).

== 5.4 Complementary Skills ==
A person with one skill is employable; a person with a well-chosen combination is often more valuable. Examples:
* writing + research + a subject specialty → analysis and reporting;
* communication + sales + marketing + a product field → commercial capability;
* technical skill + problem-solving + communication → product development.

== 5.5 A Skill Stack ==
# '''Foundation layer:''' communication, critical thinking.
# '''Domain layer:''' the specific skill of your chosen field.
# '''Complementary layer:''' one or two adjacent skills (e.g., sales, data literacy).
# '''Meta layer:''' learning how to learn, financial literacy, decision-making.

== 5.6 Prioritising Skills ==
# State the goal.
# List the skills it requires.
# Rate your current level in each.
# Choose the one or two skills where the gap matters most.
# Set a specific practice target and a source of feedback.

== Exercises ==
# '''Inventory.''' List your current skills and rate each: beginner, intermediate, advanced.
# '''Stack design.''' Draw your own four-layer stack. What belongs in each layer?
# '''One-skill focus.''' Choose one skill to develop for three months and write the practice target and feedback source.

== Review Questions ==
# Why are foundational skills developed before specialised ones?
# Give an example of two skills that combine to create more value than either alone.
# Why do credentials alone not guarantee employment?

== Further Reading ==
* Fischer, M. (2019). *The Value of Skills: A Case for Skill-Based Hiring*. (For the skills-based labour market.)</text>
      <sha1>ro24kgtxefyb3my7p6fboiufp4nzio2</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Learn &amp; Earn/Discipline, Focus, and Self-Control</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>486972</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4680654</id>
      <timestamp>2026-11-07T11:16:48Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Raqeem.global</username>
        <id>3616851</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;== Chapter 6: Discipline, Focus, and Self-Control ==  == Learning Objectives == By the end of this chapter, the reader should be able to: * explain why systems and habits are more reliable than motivation; * describe the principle of consistency; * apply a simple approach to building a habit.  == 6.1 The Limits of Motivation == Motivation is a feeling, and feelings fluctuate. A plan that depends on feeling motivated will be abandoned on difficult days. Reliable progress...&quot;</comment>
      <origin>4680654</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2626" sha1="ntssmnejycalrsjpl5myxlzfmwb4fdt" xml:space="preserve">== Chapter 6: Discipline, Focus, and Self-Control ==

== Learning Objectives ==
By the end of this chapter, the reader should be able to:
* explain why systems and habits are more reliable than motivation;
* describe the principle of consistency;
* apply a simple approach to building a habit.

== 6.1 The Limits of Motivation ==
Motivation is a feeling, and feelings fluctuate. A plan that depends on feeling motivated will be abandoned on difficult days. Reliable progress depends on routines and environmental design that make the desired action easy and the undesired action harder.

The Prophet is reported to have said that the most beloved deeds to God are those done consistently, even if small (Sahih al-Bukhari). This is often cited as a principle of steady effort rather than occasional intensity.

== 6.2 Consistency ==
Small actions repeated daily accumulate. A learner who studies thirty minutes daily will accumulate roughly 180 hours a year, far exceeding what is typically achieved through occasional bursts. The principle holds in financial matters too: regular small investment, where lawful, benefits from compounding over time.

== 6.3 Building a Habit ==
# '''Choose one small action.''' It should take under ten minutes initially.
# '''Attach it to an existing routine.''' Pray, after breakfast, before bed, and so on.
# '''Remove friction.''' Keep materials in place; remove distractions.
# '''Track it simply.''' Mark each day on a calendar.
# '''Review weekly.''' If you missed days, note why and adjust the environment, not the goal.

== 6.4 Focus and Distraction ==
Attention is limited and switching costs are real. Working in blocks of 30–60 minutes on a single task, with notifications disabled, produces better results than fragmented attempts to multitask.

== 6.5 Emotional Regulation ==
The Prophet is reported to have said that the strong person is the one who controls himself when angry (Sahih al-Bukhari). A simple practical method:
# Notice the emotion and name it.
# Pause before responding.
# Consider consequences.
# Choose a response consistent with your values.
# Review afterwards.

== Exercises ==
# '''Habit design.''' Choose one habit and complete the five steps in 6.3.
# '''Focus block.''' Work for 30 minutes with all notifications off and record what you completed.
# '''Emotion log.''' Use the five steps in 6.5 for one strong emotion this week.

== Review Questions ==
# Why is motivation an unreliable basis for long-term effort?
# What is the practical significance of the hadith about consistent, small deeds?
# What steps reduce the cost of switching between tasks?</text>
      <sha1>ntssmnejycalrsjpl5myxlzfmwb4fdt</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Learn &amp; Earn/Building a Strong Person</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>486973</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4680655</id>
      <timestamp>2026-11-07T11:19:22Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Raqeem.global</username>
        <id>3616851</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;== Chapter 7: Building a Strong Person ==  == Learning Objectives == By the end of this chapter, the reader should be able to: * describe the five dimensions of personal strength used in this book; * identify practical steps for physical, mental, and spiritual development; * explain why balance across dimensions matters.  == 7.1 The Five Dimensions == This book uses a working model of five dimensions: '''Mind + Body + Character + Faith + Skills.''' * '''Mind:''' knowledg...&quot;</comment>
      <origin>4680655</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2447" sha1="jxzsthp13dm243wykndw7ohg042i6qx" xml:space="preserve">== Chapter 7: Building a Strong Person ==

== Learning Objectives ==
By the end of this chapter, the reader should be able to:
* describe the five dimensions of personal strength used in this book;
* identify practical steps for physical, mental, and spiritual development;
* explain why balance across dimensions matters.

== 7.1 The Five Dimensions ==
This book uses a working model of five dimensions: '''Mind + Body + Character + Faith + Skills.'''
* '''Mind:''' knowledge, reasoning, and emotional regulation.
* '''Body:''' health, energy, and physical capacity.
* '''Character:''' honesty, reliability, courage, humility.
* '''Faith:''' belief and practice, including the five pillars.
* '''Skills:''' the practical abilities developed in Chapter 5.

The model is a practical aid, not a scientific taxonomy. Its purpose is to remind the reader that weakness in one dimension limits the others.

== 7.2 The Body ==
The Prophet is reported to have said that the body has a right over you (Sahih al-Bukhari). Practical measures include:
* adequate sleep (commonly 7–9 hours for adults);
* regular moderate exercise;
* balanced diet;
* avoiding intoxicants, which the Qur'an prohibits (Qur'an 5:90);
* taking rest days to prevent injury and burnout.

== 7.3 The Mind ==
Mental strength includes the capacity to regulate emotion and to recover from setback. Useful practices include regular physical exercise, adequate sleep, structured problem-solving, and, when difficulties persist, professional mental-health support.

== 7.4 Character ==
Character refers to conduct when no one is watching: honesty, fulfilment of promises, fairness, and humility. The Prophet is reported to have said that he was sent to perfect good character (Musnad Ahmad), which is commonly cited as evidence of the centrality of character in Islamic teaching.

== 7.5 Faith ==
The five pillars of Islam—testimony of faith, prayer, almsgiving, fasting, and pilgrimage—provide a structure for spiritual practice. The Qur'an links prayer with restraint and remembrance. For rulings on practice, readers should consult qualified scholars.

== Exercises ==
# '''Personal audit.''' Rate yourself 1–5 on each of the five dimensions and write one improvement for each.
# '''Physical plan.''' Write a weekly plan including sleep, exercise, and diet targets.
# '''Character commitment.''' Choose one character trait and one specific action that demonstrates it this week.</text>
      <sha1>jxzsthp13dm243wykndw7ohg042i6qx</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Learn &amp; Earn/Education, Experience, and the Long Game</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>486974</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4680656</id>
      <timestamp>2026-11-07T11:26:17Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Raqeem.global</username>
        <id>3616851</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;== Chapter 8: Education, Experience, and the Long Game ==  == Learning Objectives == By the end of this chapter, the reader should be able to: * compare formal education, self-education, and experiential learning; * explain the value of failure as feedback; * describe the long-game approach to building capability and income.  == 8.1 Formal Education and Self-Education == Formal education provides structured foundations, credentials, and access to networks. Its limitation...&quot;</comment>
      <origin>4680656</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2243" sha1="b0psolghpr1fvail7so0szaxjfuepvh" xml:space="preserve">== Chapter 8: Education, Experience, and the Long Game ==

== Learning Objectives ==
By the end of this chapter, the reader should be able to:
* compare formal education, self-education, and experiential learning;
* explain the value of failure as feedback;
* describe the long-game approach to building capability and income.

== 8.1 Formal Education and Self-Education ==
Formal education provides structured foundations, credentials, and access to networks. Its limitations include emphasis on theory over practice, standardised pacing, and curricula that can lag behind a changing field. It is best treated as a foundation to be supplemented by self-education (Chapter 3) and apprenticeship, which supply real feedback, constraints, and consequences.

== 8.2 Entrepreneurship as Education ==
Starting a small venture teaches problem identification, customer feedback, pricing, and resource management. It compresses many lessons into a short period. The Prophet Muhammad was a merchant before he received revelation, and many of his companions were involved in trade and agriculture, demonstrating the historical legitimacy of commerce in Islamic society.

== 8.3 Failure as Feedback ==
Failure is valuable only when examined. If it is blamed on others or ignored, little is learned. A structured review asks: What was the intended outcome? What actually happened? Why? What will change next time? The hadith that a believer is not stung from the same hole twice (Sahih al-Bukhari) is commonly applied to this discipline.

== 8.4 The Long Game ==
Compounding applies to skill and to savings alike. A modest skill practised for years, or a modest lawful income invested regularly, can produce results that short bursts cannot. The Prophet's teaching that consistent small deeds are most beloved to God (Sahih al-Bukhari) supplies a moral framework for this patience.

== Exercises ==
# '''Education audit.''' List your formal education and the practical gaps it left. Propose one way to fill each gap.
# '''Failure review.''' Apply the four review questions in 8.3 to a recent failure.
# '''Ten-year plan.''' Write a single paragraph describing a capability you want to hold in ten years and the consistent daily action that would build it.</text>
      <sha1>b0psolghpr1fvail7so0szaxjfuepvh</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Learn &amp; Earn/What Earning Means</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>486975</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4680657</id>
      <timestamp>2026-11-07T11:29:13Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Raqeem.global</username>
        <id>3616851</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;== Chapter 9: What Earning Means ==  == Learning Objectives == By the end of this chapter, the reader should be able to: * define earning as the creation and exchange of value; * describe the chain of value: Problem → Solution → Customer → Value → Exchange; * distinguish between income, revenue, profit, and value.  == 9.1 The Chain of Value == To understand earning, one must understand the chain of value. Every business exists to solve a problem. The chain works...&quot;</comment>
      <origin>4680657</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1910" sha1="hbsz1quknves5383jr3lsk7mkuef4el" xml:space="preserve">== Chapter 9: What Earning Means ==

== Learning Objectives ==
By the end of this chapter, the reader should be able to:
* define earning as the creation and exchange of value;
* describe the chain of value: Problem → Solution → Customer → Value → Exchange;
* distinguish between income, revenue, profit, and value.

== 9.1 The Chain of Value ==
To understand earning, one must understand the chain of value. Every business exists to solve a problem. The chain works as follows:
# '''Problem:''' A need, want, or difficulty experienced by a person or group.
# '''Solution:''' A product or service that addresses the problem.
# '''Customer:''' The person willing to exchange value (usually money) for the solution.
# '''Value:''' The benefit the customer receives from the solution.
# '''Exchange:''' The voluntary transaction where the customer gives money in return for the solution.

The Prophet said, &quot;Trade is by mutual consent&quot; (Sunan Ibn Majah), indicating that exchange must be voluntary and beneficial to both parties.

== 9.2 Income, Revenue, Profit, and Value ==
* '''Income:''' Money received from any source (salary, business profits, rent).
* '''Revenue:''' The total money a business receives from sales (Price × Units Sold).
* '''Profit:''' The money remaining after expenses are subtracted from revenue.
* '''Value:''' The benefit the customer perceives. If value exceeds price, the customer is satisfied.

The goal of ethical earning is not merely to extract money, but to provide genuine value. The Prophet said, &quot;The best of people are those who are most beneficial to others&quot; (Al-Mu'jam al-Awsat).

== Exercises ==
# '''Problem Identification.''' List three problems people face in your community.
# '''Value Proposition.''' For one problem, write a brief description of a solution and the value it provides.
# '''Customer Profile.''' Describe the ideal customer for your solution.</text>
      <sha1>hbsz1quknves5383jr3lsk7mkuef4el</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Learn &amp; Earn/Thinking Like an Entrepreneur</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>486976</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4680658</id>
      <timestamp>2026-11-07T11:29:38Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Raqeem.global</username>
        <id>3616851</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;== Chapter 10: Thinking Like an Entrepreneur ==  == Learning Objectives == By the end of this chapter, the reader should be able to: * define the entrepreneurial mindset; * explain opportunity recognition and problem identification; * understand the role of calculated risk and resource management.  == 10.1 The Entrepreneurial Mindset == Entrepreneurship is not solely about starting a company; it is a mindset. It is the ability to see opportunities where others see obstac...&quot;</comment>
      <origin>4680658</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1674" sha1="jnhl9yxotvpot8vn8amioui2l6ibv51" xml:space="preserve">== Chapter 10: Thinking Like an Entrepreneur ==

== Learning Objectives ==
By the end of this chapter, the reader should be able to:
* define the entrepreneurial mindset;
* explain opportunity recognition and problem identification;
* understand the role of calculated risk and resource management.

== 10.1 The Entrepreneurial Mindset ==
Entrepreneurship is not solely about starting a company; it is a mindset. It is the ability to see opportunities where others see obstacles, to take calculated risks, and to take responsibility for outcomes. It includes opportunity recognition, problem identification, customer focus, risk tolerance, and adaptability.

== 10.2 Opportunity and Risk ==
Opportunities often arise from frustrations, inefficiencies, and unmet needs. Once an opportunity is identified, the entrepreneur must manage risk. The principle &quot;Tie your camel and trust in Allah&quot; (Sunan al-Tirmidhi) summarizes the balance of taking necessary practical precautions while relying on God for the outcome.

== 10.3 Decision-Making and Experimentation ==
Good decision-making requires gathering information, analyzing options, and considering consequences. Entrepreneurship involves testing ideas through small experiments rather than investing heavily in unproven assumptions. If an experiment fails, it is treated as feedback to adjust the approach.

== Exercises ==
# '''Opportunity Scan.''' Identify three inefficiencies or frustrations in your daily life.
# '''Risk Assessment.''' Choose one opportunity and list the potential risks and rewards.
# '''Decision Journal.''' Write down a decision you need to make, the options, and the potential consequences of each.</text>
      <sha1>jnhl9yxotvpot8vn8amioui2l6ibv51</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Learn &amp; Earn/Finding Problems Worth Solving</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>486977</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4680659</id>
      <timestamp>2026-11-07T11:33:10Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Raqeem.global</username>
        <id>3616851</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;== Chapter 11: Finding Problems Worth Solving ==  == Learning Objectives == By the end of this chapter, the reader should be able to: * identify different categories of problems (frustrations, inefficiencies, unmet needs); * observe the market like an entrepreneur; * validate a problem before building a solution.  == 11.1 Categories of Problems == Not all problems are worth solving. Valuable problems typically fall into these categories: * '''Frustrations:''' Everyday an...&quot;</comment>
      <origin>4680659</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1557" sha1="bz8kgkbsyj08zva0wt7snjx2tcm7xrj" xml:space="preserve">== Chapter 11: Finding Problems Worth Solving ==

== Learning Objectives ==
By the end of this chapter, the reader should be able to:
* identify different categories of problems (frustrations, inefficiencies, unmet needs);
* observe the market like an entrepreneur;
* validate a problem before building a solution.

== 11.1 Categories of Problems ==
Not all problems are worth solving. Valuable problems typically fall into these categories:
* '''Frustrations:''' Everyday annoyances that cause irritation.
* '''Inefficiencies:''' Processes that waste time or money.
* '''Unmet Needs:''' Gaps in the market where no solution exists.
* '''Expensive Problems:''' Issues that drain budgets.
* '''Repetitive Problems:''' Tasks that must be done repeatedly.
* '''Time-Consuming Problems:''' Tasks that require excessive effort.

The Prophet said, &quot;For every disease there is a cure&quot; (Sahih Muslim). The entrepreneur seeks to find the cure for a specific problem.

== 11.2 Validation ==
Many entrepreneurs fail because they build solutions for problems no one actually has. Validation is the process of confirming that a problem is real and that people are willing to pay to solve it. This is done through customer interviews, surveys, and small tests.

== Exercises ==
# '''Domain Selection.''' Choose a field or community to focus on.
# '''Problem List.''' Write down ten problems in that domain using the categories above.
# '''Validation Plan.''' Choose one problem and write three questions you would ask a potential customer to verify if the problem exists.</text>
      <sha1>bz8kgkbsyj08zva0wt7snjx2tcm7xrj</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Learn &amp; Earn/Sales, Marketing, and Communication</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>486978</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4680660</id>
      <timestamp>2026-11-07T11:33:41Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Raqeem.global</username>
        <id>3616851</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;== Chapter 12: Sales and Marketing ==  == Learning Objectives == By the end of this chapter, the reader should be able to: * explain the role of trust in sales; * understand the difference between persuasion and manipulation; * describe the basics of positioning and content marketing.  == 12.1 The Foundation of Trust == The Prophet was known as ''al-Amin'' (the trustworthy) before he became a prophet. Trust is the foundation of all ethical sales. Without trust, sales bec...&quot;</comment>
      <origin>4680660</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1797" sha1="nx3ekq8rpeykxpmns3qj9pum1nl6g62" xml:space="preserve">== Chapter 12: Sales and Marketing ==

== Learning Objectives ==
By the end of this chapter, the reader should be able to:
* explain the role of trust in sales;
* understand the difference between persuasion and manipulation;
* describe the basics of positioning and content marketing.

== 12.1 The Foundation of Trust ==
The Prophet was known as ''al-Amin'' (the trustworthy) before he became a prophet. Trust is the foundation of all ethical sales. Without trust, sales become manipulation. The Prophet said, &quot;The truthful, trustworthy merchant will be with the prophets, the truthful, and the martyrs&quot; (Sunan Ibn Majah). 

== 12.2 Persuasion vs. Manipulation ==
* '''Persuasion:''' Influencing someone to make a decision that is in their best interest, based on honesty and transparency.
* '''Manipulation:''' Influencing someone to make a decision that benefits the seller at the expense of the buyer, often using deception or high-pressure tactics.

The Prophet said, &quot;Whoever cheats is not one of us&quot; (Sahih Muslim). This prohibits deceptive marketing and manipulative sales tactics.

== 12.3 Sales and Marketing Basics ==
* '''Sales:''' Understanding customer needs through active listening, asking questions, and explaining how the product meets those needs.
* '''Marketing:''' Attracting attention and building a brand through positioning (differentiating yourself), creating valuable content, and distributing it to the target audience.

== Exercises ==
# '''Value Proposition.''' Write a one-sentence explanation of what you offer and why it matters.
# '''Objection Handling.''' List three common reasons a customer might say &quot;no&quot; and how you would address them honestly.
# '''Ethical Audit.''' Review a marketing campaign you have seen recently. Was it persuasive or manipulative? Why?</text>
      <sha1>nx3ekq8rpeykxpmns3qj9pum1nl6g62</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Learn &amp; Earn/Money and Business Models</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>486979</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4680661</id>
      <timestamp>2026-11-07T11:37:02Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Raqeem.global</username>
        <id>3616851</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;== Chapter 13: Money and Business Models ==  == Learning Objectives == By the end of this chapter, the reader should be able to: * distinguish between assets and liabilities; * understand basic cash flow; * identify different business models.  == 13.1 Assets, Liabilities, and Cash Flow == Financial intelligence involves understanding where money goes. This concept is heavily influenced by works such as Robert Kiyosaki's *Rich Dad Poor Dad*. * '''Asset:''' Something that...&quot;</comment>
      <origin>4680661</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1814" sha1="ssser2tvi2gmfj4p61hzxbmbgrj5we2" xml:space="preserve">== Chapter 13: Money and Business Models ==

== Learning Objectives ==
By the end of this chapter, the reader should be able to:
* distinguish between assets and liabilities;
* understand basic cash flow;
* identify different business models.

== 13.1 Assets, Liabilities, and Cash Flow ==
Financial intelligence involves understanding where money goes. This concept is heavily influenced by works such as Robert Kiyosaki's *Rich Dad Poor Dad*.
* '''Asset:''' Something that puts money into your pocket (e.g., rental property, dividend stocks).
* '''Liability:''' Something that takes money out of your pocket (e.g., consumer debt, car loans).
* '''Cash Flow:''' The actual movement of money in and out of a business, distinct from profit. A business can be profitable on paper but fail due to poor cash flow.

The Prophet said, &quot;The son of Adam will not be asked about his wealth on the Day of Judgment except that he will be asked: Where did you earn it? And where did you spend it?&quot; (Sunan al-Tirmidhi). This emphasizes the importance of managing money responsibly.

== 13.2 Business Models ==
A business model is how a business creates and delivers value. Common models include:
* '''Products:''' Manufacturing and selling physical goods (requires inventory).
* '''Services:''' Providing a skill or action for a fee (limited by time).
* '''Subscriptions:''' Charging recurring fees for access (predictable revenue).
* '''Digital Products:''' Selling downloadable goods like e-books or software (low marginal cost).

== Exercises ==
# '''Asset vs. Liability.''' List three things you own and classify them as assets or liabilities.
# '''Cash Flow Tracking.''' Track your income and expenses for one week.
# '''Model Selection.''' Research one business model and write down its main advantages and disadvantages.</text>
      <sha1>ssser2tvi2gmfj4p61hzxbmbgrj5we2</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Learn &amp; Earn/Halal Business</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>486980</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4680662</id>
      <timestamp>2026-11-07T11:37:26Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Raqeem.global</username>
        <id>3616851</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;== Chapter 14: Halal Business ==  == Learning Objectives == By the end of this chapter, the reader should be able to: * describe the Islamic principles of trade; * explain the prohibition of ''riba'' (interest) and deception; * identify the qualities of a successful Muslim merchant.  == 14.1 Principles of Trade == Islam provides a comprehensive ethical framework for business: * '''Honesty:''' Speaking the truth and disclosing defects in goods. * '''Fairness:''' Giving fu...&quot;</comment>
      <origin>4680662</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1851" sha1="50llfr2zyxcljrseblspz9hmjbtgt6n" xml:space="preserve">== Chapter 14: Halal Business ==

== Learning Objectives ==
By the end of this chapter, the reader should be able to:
* describe the Islamic principles of trade;
* explain the prohibition of ''riba'' (interest) and deception;
* identify the qualities of a successful Muslim merchant.

== 14.1 Principles of Trade ==
Islam provides a comprehensive ethical framework for business:
* '''Honesty:''' Speaking the truth and disclosing defects in goods.
* '''Fairness:''' Giving full measure and not exploiting others.
* '''Prohibition of ''Riba'':''' The Qur'an explicitly forbids interest-based transactions (Qur'an 2:275), viewing it as an injustice.
* '''Avoidance of ''Haram'':''' Trading in prohibited items (alcohol, gambling, etc.) is forbidden.
* '''Fair Treatment of Workers:''' The Prophet said, &quot;Give the worker his wages before his sweat dries&quot; (Sunan Ibn Majah).

== 14.2 The Example of the Companions ==
The companions of the Prophet (the ''Sahabah'') were deeply involved in commerce. 
* '''Abdur-Rahman ibn Awf:''' A highly successful merchant known for his immense generosity and trustworthiness.
* '''Uthman ibn Affan:''' A wealthy merchant who used his wealth to support the Muslim community and equip armies.
* '''Abu Bakr as-Siddiq:''' A cloth merchant who used his wealth to free slaves (including Bilal ibn Rabah).

It is important to note that wealth in Islam is not an end in itself, but a trust (''amanah'') to be used for good.

== Exercises ==
# '''Halal Audit.''' Review your current or planned income sources. Are there any elements of ''riba'', deception, or forbidden products?
# '''Worker Treatment.''' If you employ others, do you pay them fairly and on time? If not, how can you improve?
# '''Sahabah Study.''' Read a short biography of one of the merchant companions and identify one character trait you want to emulate.</text>
      <sha1>50llfr2zyxcljrseblspz9hmjbtgt6n</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Learn &amp; Earn/Starting Small and Improving</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>486981</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4680663</id>
      <timestamp>2026-11-07T11:38:09Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Raqeem.global</username>
        <id>3616851</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;== Chapter 15: Starting Small and Improving ==  == Learning Objectives == By the end of this chapter, the reader should be able to: * explain the process of testing a business idea; * define a Minimum Viable Product (MVP); * understand how to iterate based on customer feedback.  == 15.1 The Iterative Process == Building a business is a process: '''IDEA → RESEARCH → TEST → BUILD → SELL → MEASURE → IMPROVE.''' Many entrepreneurs fail by trying to build the perf...&quot;</comment>
      <origin>4680663</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1515" sha1="dti1h93q13ljien17aih21uzdt9abpf" xml:space="preserve">== Chapter 15: Starting Small and Improving ==

== Learning Objectives ==
By the end of this chapter, the reader should be able to:
* explain the process of testing a business idea;
* define a Minimum Viable Product (MVP);
* understand how to iterate based on customer feedback.

== 15.1 The Iterative Process ==
Building a business is a process: '''IDEA → RESEARCH → TEST → BUILD → SELL → MEASURE → IMPROVE.'''
Many entrepreneurs fail by trying to build the perfect product before testing it. The Prophet said, &quot;The most beloved deeds to Allah are those that are consistent, even if they are small&quot; (Sahih al-Bukhari), encouraging a step-by-step approach.

== 15.2 The Minimum Viable Product (MVP) ==
The concept of the MVP, popularized by Eric Ries in *The Lean Startup*, suggests creating the simplest version of a product to test with early customers. The goal is not perfection, but learning whether the product solves a real problem before investing heavily.

== 15.3 Feedback and Rejection ==
Rejection is a natural part of business. The believer is encouraged to learn from mistakes and not repeat them (Sahih al-Bukhari). Customer feedback should be actively sought and used to improve the product or pivot to a different approach.

== Exercises ==
# '''Idea Generation.''' Write down three business ideas.
# '''MVP Design.''' For one idea, describe the simplest possible version you could create this week.
# '''Feedback Strategy.''' How will you get honest feedback from your first customers?</text>
      <sha1>dti1h93q13ljien17aih21uzdt9abpf</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Learn &amp; Earn/Wealth, Purpose, and Legacy</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>486982</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4680664</id>
      <timestamp>2026-11-07T11:38:40Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Raqeem.global</username>
        <id>3616851</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;== Chapter 16: Wealth, Purpose, and Legacy ==  == Learning Objectives == By the end of this chapter, the reader should be able to: * explain the Islamic perspective on wealth as a tool; * understand the concepts of ''zakat'' and ''sadaqah''; * describe the importance of long-term thinking and legacy.  == 16.1 Wealth as a Tool == The Prophet said, &quot;Richness is not having many possessions. Rather, true richness is the richness of the soul&quot; (Sahih al-Bukhari). Wealth is a t...&quot;</comment>
      <origin>4680664</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1658" sha1="dc0xth456j04zvp9i21529b1tr820ws" xml:space="preserve">== Chapter 16: Wealth, Purpose, and Legacy ==

== Learning Objectives ==
By the end of this chapter, the reader should be able to:
* explain the Islamic perspective on wealth as a tool;
* understand the concepts of ''zakat'' and ''sadaqah'';
* describe the importance of long-term thinking and legacy.

== 16.1 Wealth as a Tool ==
The Prophet said, &quot;Richness is not having many possessions. Rather, true richness is the richness of the soul&quot; (Sahih al-Bukhari). Wealth is a tool to be used for good, not an identity. It should be used to provide for family, support the community, and fund beneficial causes.

== 16.2 Zakat and Sadaqah ==
* '''Zakat:''' An obligatory charity (typically 2.5% of specific wealth) that purifies wealth and supports the poor and needy (Qur'an 9:60).
* '''Sadaqah:''' Voluntary charity. The Prophet said, &quot;Sadaqah does not decrease wealth&quot; (Sahih Muslim). It can be financial or an act of kindness.

== 16.3 The Long Game and Legacy ==
Long-term thinking requires patience and planning. The Prophet said, &quot;Take advantage of five before five: your youth before your old age...&quot; (Al-Hakim). Legacy is what you leave behind.
The Prophet said, &quot;When a person dies, his deeds come to an end except for three: ongoing charity, beneficial knowledge, or a righteous child who prays for him&quot; (Sahih Muslim). 

== Exercises ==
# '''Purpose Statement.''' Write a personal mission statement explaining why you want to earn wealth.
# '''Charity Plan.''' Calculate how much you should be giving in ''zakat'' and plan your ''sadaqah'' for the month.
# '''Legacy Reflection.''' What is one project or piece of knowledge you want to leave behind?</text>
      <sha1>dc0xth456j04zvp9i21529b1tr820ws</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>User:Ank1t 12413603/sandbox</title>
    <ns>2</ns>
    <id>486983</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4680665</id>
      <timestamp>2026-11-07T11:41:46Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ank1t 12413603</username>
        <id>3629425</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;= Pulse Position Modulation (PPM) =  === 1.Introduction ===  ==== 1.1 Overview of Pulse Modulation ==== Pulse modulation is a method of communication in which information is transmitted as a sequence of pulses. In this method, one or more pulse parameters are varied according to the message signal.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Roddy |first=Dennis |title=Electronic Communications |last2=Coolen |first2=John |publisher=Pearson |year=2008 |edition=4th |chapter=11 – Pulse Modulati...&quot;</comment>
      <origin>4680665</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="12706" sha1="sx0jukptfmmcd7rbwfbod3p5o1e26sg" xml:space="preserve">= Pulse Position Modulation (PPM) =

=== 1.Introduction ===

==== 1.1 Overview of Pulse Modulation ====
Pulse modulation is a method of communication in which information is transmitted as a sequence of pulses. In this method, one or more pulse parameters are varied according to the message signal.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Roddy |first=Dennis |title=Electronic Communications |last2=Coolen |first2=John |publisher=Pearson |year=2008 |edition=4th |chapter=11 – Pulse Modulation}}&lt;/ref&gt;

The message signal is the actual information to be transmitted, such as speech or audio. The message signal is sampled at regular intervals of time before it is modulated. The sample values obtained in this way then determine a certain characteristic of the pulses.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Haykin |first=Simon |title=An Introduction to Analog and Digital Communications |last2=Moher |first2=Michael |publisher=Wiley |year=2006 |edition=2nd |pages=191–197 |language=en |chapter=5 – Pulse Modulation}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Three common types of analog pulse modulation studied are:&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Pauly |first=John M. |date= |title=Lecture 11: Sampling and Pulse Modulation |url=https://web.stanford.edu/class/ee179/lectures/notes11.pdf? |website=Stanford University |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

1. Pulse Amplitude Modulation (PAM): The amplitude of pulses varies with the message signal.

2. Pulse Width Modulation (PWM): The width or length of the pulses varies according to the message signal.

3. Pulse Position Modulation (PPM): The position of the pulses varies with the message signal.

==== 1.2 What is Pulse Position Modulation (PPM)? ====
PPM (Pulse Position Modulation) is an analog pulse modulation technique in which the position of each and every pulse is a function of the amplitude of the message signal. PPM pulses are of the same amplitude and width but different in time position. The message signal shifts the pulses forward or backward from their original positions&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Maini |first=Anil K. |url=https://catalogimages.wiley.com/images/db/pdf/9781119184706.excerpt.pdf? |title=Handbook of Defence Electronics and Optronics: Fundamentals, Technologies and Systems |publisher=Wiley |year=2018 |edition=1st |pages=23–24 |chapter=1.2.5.3 – Pulse Position Modulation}}&lt;/ref&gt;. At the receiver, the position of the pulses is detected and the original information is reconstituted.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Koseeyaporn |first=Jeerasuda |last2=Wardkein |first2=Paramote |last3=Sinchai |first3=Ananta |year=2005-05-03 |title=Simplified Derivative-Based Carrierless PPM Using VCO and Monostable Multivibrator |url=https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/11/6272 |journal=Applied Sciences |volume=15 |issue=11}}&lt;/ref&gt;

===== 1.3 Why is PPM Used? =====
Pulse Position Modulation (PPM) is a method used in communication systems for transferring information by varying the position of pulses. It keeps pulse amplitude and width constant, and is therefore less affected by amplitude variations caused by noise than PAM. PPM is useful in applications where accurate timing and reliable information transmission are important.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Analog Communication – Unit IV |url=https://www.sathyabama.ac.in/sites/default/files/course-material/2020-10/Unit1-5.pdf? |website=Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology |publisher= |page=}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Some examples of PPM applications:

1.Optical Communication: PPM is applied in optical communication systems for the transmission of information through light pulses. The transmitted data is represented by the position of light pulses. It is useful for systems where power efficiency is a concern.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Wu |first=Wei-Chiang |title=Toward the energy efficiency of multi-pulse PPM signalling for optical communication |url=https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1049/iet-com.2018.5824? |journal=IET Communications |publication-date=2020-02-01 |volume=14 |issue=3 |pages=532–538}}&lt;/ref&gt;

2. Wireless Communication : PPM can be used in wireless communication systems for transmitting information using radio signals. The information is encoded in the timing of variations in the pulses.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Knapp |first=Adam |last2=Pap |first2=Laszlo |title=A novel mobile communication system using Pulse Position based Chirp Spread Spectrum modulation |journal=Journal of Communications Software and Systems |publication-date=2018-09-17 |volume=14 |issue=3}}&lt;/ref&gt;

3. Remote Control Systems: It is used in radio-controlled devices such as radio-controlled model aircraft to transmit control signals. Different positions of the pulse correspond to different control commands.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=R/C PPM encoding |url=https://mftech.de/ppm_en.htm? |website=MFTech}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== 2.Basic Principle of PPM ===
In PPM, the time position of a pulse is shifted based on the sampled value of the message signal. The transmitter sends out pulses at regular intervals. The precise positions of these pulses depend on the information being transmitted.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Vinoth |first=Dr. |last2=Kumar |first2=G. Kiran |title=Lecture Notes on Digital Communications |url=https://www.iare.ac.in/sites/default/files/iare-dc%20lecture%20notes%20final.pdf? |website=Institute of Aeronautical Engineering |page=10–11}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== 2.1 Working Principle ====
1. Message Signal: The PPM system receives as an input an analog signal, for example, an audio signal.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Navy Electricity and Electronics Training Series, Module 12 – Modulation |url=https://www.tscm.com/NEETS-v12-Modulation.pdf |website=NEETS |publisher=United States Navy |page=2-66 |publication-date=September 1998}}&lt;/ref&gt;

2. Sampling: The communication signal is sampled at regular time intervals to get the immediate values.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;

3. Signal reference Each pulse is positioned with a timing reference.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;

4. Point variation: The measured value represents the time shift of the pulse from the reference point.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;

5. Pulse generation: The pulses of fixed width and amplitude are generated at different times depending on the message signal.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;

6. Synchronization Pulses can be synchronized to provide the proper timing reference at the receiver.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;

==== 2.2 Pulse Position and Time Displacement ====
1. Pulse Place

In PPM each pulse is referenced in position to a regular timing signal. The actual position of the pulse depends on the sampled value of the message signal. A pulse can travel either direction from its reference position.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Abrol |first=Anees |last2=Hamke |first2=Eric |title=Introduction to Communication Systems Using NI USRP Lab Manual |url=https://sedici.unlp.edu.ar/bitstream/handle/10915/41837/Documento_completo__versi%C3%B3n_5_.pdf?sequence=5&amp; |website=SEDICI Institutional Repository |page=78 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

2. Displacement of time

The difference of position of a pulse from t he reference position is called time displacement. This tells us how much the pulse has shifted in time.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;

For example, say the reference position is 10 microseconds:
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+
!Actual pulse position
!Displacement
|-
|9 μs
|1 μs earlier
|-
|10 μs
|No displacement
|-
|11 μs
|1 μs later
|}

==== 2.3 PPM Waveform ====
The PPM waveform is a graphical representation of a pulse position modulated signal. It shows change in position of pulses relative to a message signal.

In general the waveform has three important parts:

# Message signal: this is the main analog signal, usually a sine wave.
# Reference positions The dotted vertical lines indicate the expected time positions of the pulses.
# PPM output Pulses of equal amplitude and width, but different times.

Each pulse travels horizontally with the information in the message signal.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Electronic Mechanic – NSQF Level 5, 2nd Year, Trade Theory |url=https://bharatskills.gov.in/pdf/E_Books/Electronic_Mechanic%28NSQF%29-4th_SEM-Theory.pdf? |website=BharatSkills |publisher=National Instructional Media Institute, Chennai |page=13}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== 3.Advantages and Disadvantages ===

==== 3.1 Advantages ====
1. Amplitude variation resistance

PPM transmits information in terms of pulse timing and not pulse amplitude. Hence, the fluctuations in the amplitude due to noise do not directly affect the encoded information, the only requirement is that the pulses can be detected properly.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;

2. Characteristics of a constant pulse

The amplitude and width of the pulse are constant. This is useful because then the transmitter doesn't have to change these characteristics for each message sample.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Maini |first=Anil K. |url=https://catalogimages.wiley.com/images/db/pdf/9781119184706.excerpt.pdf? |title=Handbook of Defence Electronics and Optronics: Fundamentals, Technologies and Systems |publisher=Wiley |edition=1st |pages=23–24}}&lt;/ref&gt;

3. Optical communication power efficiency

In some optical communication systems, PPM is useful where the transmission energy is an important consideration. It is being studied for deep-space laser communication.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Wu |first=Wei-Chiang |title=Toward the energy efficiency of multi-pulse PPM signalling for optical communication |url=https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1049/iet-com.2018.5824? |journal=IET Communications |volume=14 |issue=3 |pages=532–538}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== 3.2 Disadvantages ====
1. Need for Synchronization

The transmitter and receiver need a very accurate time reference so they know where the received pulses are located.&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Moision |first=Bruce |title=Mitigating Photon Jitter in Optical PPM Communication |url=https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20090017544 |website=NASA Technical Reports Server |publisher=Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

2. High bandwidth is required

The PPM might need a fairly large bandwidth because you want short pulses and accurate timing to tell the difference between different positions of the pulses. The exact requirement depends on the system design.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;

3. Fault sensitivity to timing

Timing errors and jitter cause the apparent pulse position to be displaced and the receiver to receive incorrect information.&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt;

=== 4.Conculsion ===
The technique known as PPM, which stands for &quot;Pulse Position Modulation,&quot; is an essential modulation method that is utilized in communication systems to transmit information based on the position of pulses. It is the sampled value of the message signal that determines the position of each pulse; however, the amplitude and width of each pulse remain the same throughout the entire process. Pulse Amplitude Modulation (PAM) is a technique that modifies the height of the pulses, while Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) modifies the duration of the pulses. Pulse Position Modulation (PPM) is a technique that uses the timing of the pulses to communicate information. Measurement of the time difference between the reference position and the actual position of each pulse is the fundamental principle behind the operation of pulse position monitoring (PPM)&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;. There is information contained within this time shift that is required in order to recover the initial message signal at the receiver.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;

PPM possesses a number of desirable characteristics, including a pulse amplitude and width that remain constant&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;, as well as a reduced sensitivity to variations in amplitude&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt; that are caused by specific types of noise. Applications such as radio-control systems&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;, optical communication&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;, and other timing-based communication systems are some of the applications that involve its utilization. On the other hand, it is subject to a number of constraints, including the requirement for precise synchronization, the susceptibility to timing errors, and the possibility of meeting high bandwidth requirements&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt;. To successfully extract the information that was transmitted, the receiver needs to correctly identify the position of each pulse&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;. In general, pulse position modulation (PPM) is an intriguing method for pulse-based communication because it makes use of the change in the time position rather than the change in the pulse amplitude or width. It is necessary to have an understanding of its working principle, characteristics, advantages, and limitations in order to be able to comprehend its responsibilities in contemporary communication technologies.</text>
      <sha1>sx0jukptfmmcd7rbwfbod3p5o1e26sg</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>User:Dhanush0715/sandbox</title>
    <ns>2</ns>
    <id>486984</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4680666</id>
      <timestamp>2026-11-07T11:50:59Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dhanush0715</username>
        <id>3629696</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;= &lt;big&gt;Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) :&lt;/big&gt; = In our real life, it is not possible to measure a one signal on its own. (code division multiple access)CDMA is good example.  A cellular network Splits an area into cells,and now each cell is served by one tower.when you make a call,send a text,or load something from the internet,your phone talks to the tower for the cell you are in. now lots of people in the same cell are doing this at once, they need a way to avoid...&quot;</comment>
      <origin>4680666</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="504" sha1="aeebih6rket275p5gkjrmr6iel833zd" xml:space="preserve">= &lt;big&gt;Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) :&lt;/big&gt; =
In our real life, it is not possible to measure a one signal on its own. (code division multiple access)CDMA is good example.

A cellular network Splits an area into cells,and now each cell is served by one tower.when you make a call,send a text,or load something from the internet,your phone talks to the tower for the cell you are in. now lots of people in the same cell are doing this at once, they need a way to avoid interfacing with each other.</text>
      <sha1>aeebih6rket275p5gkjrmr6iel833zd</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
</mediawiki>